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Every    family    should     have    an    Iv> 
Johnson.     It  has  no  menace  for  its  owner. 
Bumps,  falls  and  other  accidents  cannot  make  it  go 
off.     The  only  way  to  discharge  an  Iver  Johnson  is 
by  pulling  the  trigger  'way  back. 

There  are  Iver  Johnsons  to  meet  all  needs; 
standard  calibres,  Hammer  and  Hammerless  Models, 
Regular,  ".Western"  Walnut  and  "Perfect"  Rubber 
grips. 

Free:   Three  Iyer  Johnson  Booklets.       Mention^ 
the  ones  you  want:   A — "Firearms"  (shotguns  and  re- 
volvers), B— "Bicycles,"  C— "Motorcycles." 


Iver  Johnson  Arms  &  Cycle  Works 

345  River  Street,  Fitchburg,  Mass. 
99  Chambers  St.,  New  York       717  Market  St.,  San  Francisc 


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J  PONT  Ar-ieaicAt^j  iMousTa^ga^^^ 


How  Many  Hides 
Has  A  Cow? 


"^^  iVof  Enough! 


And  Help  Uncle  Sam  Save  Leather 

Use  it  for  iipholsleiy,   book   binding,   bag  making  or   in 
any    of    the    thousand    places    where    it    efficiently    replaces 
^leather  and  other  materials. 

Use  it  because  it  equals  leather  in  beauty  and  surpasses 
it  in  service — because  it  is  water,  grease,  stain  proof  and 
washable. 

f DU  PONT  t^ 

REG  u  S.PflTOff 

is  leather's  logical  successor — a,  man-made,  standardized  material 
designed  to  lessen  waste,  decrease  costs  and  i-mprove  quality — a 
modern  economic  necessity.  Uncle  Sam  uses  It  to  conseive 
leather  that  is  indispensable  for  military  requirements. 

Du  Pont  Pabrikoid  in  one  of  its  many  grades  is  needed  some- 
where by  almost  every  manufacturer  or  individual.  Our  technical 
staff  is  at  your  service. 

Du  Pont  Fabrikoid  Company 

World's     Largest     Manufacturers   of    Leather   Substitutes 

WILMINGTON  :  :  :  :  :  :  DELAWARE 

Works  at   Newburgh,    N.   Y.   and    Fairfield,   Conn. 

Canadian   Office   &    Factory,    New   Toronto,   Can. 


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The  Measure  of  Top  Service 

You  exact  mileage  from  a  tire.  You  are  entitled 
to  yearage  from  a  top — bcfth  in  service  and  appear- 
ance. __^„_ 

lAYNTlTc. 

with  reasonable  care  will  last  as  lon£'  as  your  car.  In  ad- 
dition to  being  water,  dirt,  dust  and  grease  proof — in 
addition  to  being  washable— it  maintains  its  flexibility  per- 
manently because  it  is  made  of  materials  that  will  not 
harden,  oxidize  or  disintegrate  under  changing  climatic 
conditions. 

We  guarantee  Raj'^ntite  Fabrikoid  for  one  'j'^ear  not  to 
leak,  crack  or  peel,  but  it's  made  to  last  the  life  of  your 
car.     Send  for  folder  with  sample. 

Du  Pont  Fabrikoid  Company 

World's   Largest   Manufacturers   of   Leather   Substitutes 
WILMINGTON  ?  :  :  :  :  DELAWARE 

Works  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y.  and  Fairfield,  Conn. 
Canadian  Office  &  Factory,  New  Toronto*  Can. 

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The  National  Thrift  Collar 

Cut  collar  costs  !  Save  laundry  bills  !  Evade  the 
discomfort  of  wilting  collars !  Save  starch  food  for 
soldiers !  Have  a  clean,  stiff  collar  always,  no  matter 
what  the  day  nor  how  strenuous  the  work. 

Challenge    Cleanable    Collars 

(A  Du  Pont  Product)  -  -  ^, 

actually  save  you  from  $16.00  to  $20.00  yearly  by 
eliminating  constant  collar  purchases  and  continual 
laundry  bills.  They  never  wilt  because  they  are  Py- 
ra-lin  stiffened  instead  of  starched.  When  soiled  a 
damp  cloth  and  a  little  soap  will  readily  remove  the 
stain.  Wearable  instantly  and  always.  A  pronounced 
improvement  upon  any  collar  you  have  ever  seen. 

Made  in  all  popular  styles  and  half  sizes.  Sold 
by  most  good  dealers.  State  your  style  and  size  and 
enclose  35  cents  for  sample. 

THE  ARLINGTON  WORKS 

Owned  and  Operated  by 

E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS  &  CO. 
725  Broadway,  New  York 

Boston  St.   Louis  San   Francisco  Toronto 


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Why  This  Paint  lasts  Longer 


You  aet  two  kinds  of  white  lead  in  Town  and  Country 
Paint — Quick  Process  and  Old  Dutch  Process.  Experience 
has  shown  that  the  finer  particles  of  the  former  are  neces- 
sary to  fill  up  the  gaps  left  by  the  coarser  particles  of  the 
latter.     The  result  is  a  more  complete  paint  film. 


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for  this  reason  spreads  further — covers  more  completely 
and  gives  greater  protection  to  tlie  surface  upon  which  it  is 
applied.  Because  we  grind  and  make  our  own  pigments 
Town  and  Country  Paint  lasts  lon|er  and  m?iintains  its 
purity  of  color.  The  formula  is  printed  on  every  can. 
That's  proof  of  its  honesty. 


can 


Ask  your  dealer  about  Town  and  Country  Paint.     If  he 
't  supply  you,  write   us. 

Harrison  Works 

Owned   and   Operated   by 

E.  I.  DU  PONT  DE  NEMOURS  &  CO. 

WILMINGTON         :::;::  DELAWARE 


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'J  POMT  AMERICAM    INDUSTRIES  -?^ 

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Fall  In  for  the  Patriotic  Sport 

Can  you  hit  a  moving  object?  Are 
you  as  good  with  a  gun  as  your  fore- 
fathers were?  Gun  skill  is  an  Ameri- 
can qualification.  Every  good  citizen 
should  know  how  to  shoot  and  hit 
.what  he  shoots  at,  both  for  personal 
protection  and  National  defense. 


^ 


Ihe  Patriotic  Sport 

maJkes  g-ood  marksmen. 
It  develops  fhat  speeidy, 
accTirate  sTiooting  for 
which  Americans  are 
kno'wn  thro-ugphout  the 
•world, 

■Learn  to  shoot.  It's 
good  fun  even  while 
you're  lea^rning.  *  It's  a 
patriotic  accomplishment. 
It  is  preparedness. 

Get       acquainted.         The 

nearest     gun    club     is     the 

place    to    learn.      The    old 

tamers    will    be    glad 

to    loap    you    a    gnn 

and  teach   you. 

Write     for     our     In- 
interesting    book 
The    Sport    Alluring 

for   men,  or 

Diana    of    the    Traps 

for  women. 

E.  I.  du  Pont  de 
Nemours    &    Co. 

WILMINGTON 
DELAWARE 


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Your  Request  for  Our  New  Catalog  v 

¥f^  Office  E< 


Freight   Paid 
(See  Note) 


will  bring  a  handsome,  profusely  illustrated  book  listing  a  very  complete  line  of  Filing  Cab- 
inets, Sectional  Filing  Units,  Flat  Top  Filing  Desks,  Card  Index  Trays  and  Sections,  Fibre 
Board  Specialties,  Office  Accessories  and  many  other  Office  Devices.     Yon  need  it  in  your  Business. 

This  Low  Priced  Letter  File 

Is  just  as  serviceable  and  ■will  do  its  work  just  as  well  as  a  cabinet 
costing  more  money.    Made  of  kiln  dried,  solid  oak— every  joint  inter- 
locked, glued  and  held  with  two  screws,  making  frame  practically 
non-rackable.    Drawers  are  full  height — an  aid  in  exclud- 
ing dust — operate  on  fibre  rollers  and  have  easily  adjusted 
follow  blocks  to  keep  contents  in  vertical  position.    This 
four  drawer  No.  421  cabinet 

Will   Hold  20,000  Papers 

Made  in  two,  three  and  four  drawer  heights  in  Letter, 
Cap  and  Invoice  widths.  Furnished  in  Golden,  Natural 
or  Weathered  Oak  at  regular  prices  or  Birch  Mahogany 
at  slight  advance.  Cabinets  may  be  arranged  from  an 
assortment  of  ten  kinds,  of  drawers  designed  for  the  filing  of  most 
any  standard  size  business  or  professional  papers  and  record  cards. 

A  *0^it  Desk  with  Filing  Drawers 

Arranged  from  a  varied 'assortment  of  filing  drawers  to  meet  your 

individual  needs,  puts  your  records  and  correspondence  within  easy 

reach.    Investigate  this  line  before  you  purchase  a  new  desk.    Desk 

Combination  No.  999,  in 
Golden,  Nat.  or  Weath- 
ered Plain  Oak  at  price 
shown,  has  the  built-up 
five-ply,  cross  veneered 
top,  54x30  inches  in  size. 
This  length  increases  No.  421 
the  distance  between  pedestals  to  21  inches.  Left 
pedestal  is  Letter  width,  has  slide  shelf,  storage 
drawer,  drawer  for  filing  cancelled  checks,  etc.. 
and  large  drawer  for  filing  correspondence.  Handv 
storage  drawer  between  pedestals.  Right  pedes- 
tal equippwl  with  slide  shelf,  drawer  for  filing  3x5 
record  cards,  one  for  4x6  cards  and  large  corres- 
pondence or  catalog  filing  drawer.    Drawers  can- 

UfLf  l"^^°!J*  accidentally  but  may  be  easily 
removed  when  desired. 


(See  Note) 

■~ Ask  for  iiam<^  nf  nAarp.st  Weis  dealer. 

Th.f       ^  Swinging  Desk  Stand 

WaJI     D?SviA...''h?n'?'^'  *°  "'*!J«"^  ^'^8  of  ^"y  Sty's  d"''  or  to 

card'tK?r;?P  ^^^^LV^""  ^""^  typewriter  reference  book. 
lioi.  hoolr  Jh.'iu^^i'^  a  necessary  addition  for  atenofrrapher's 
tion  I?o  B  IvU.'^'^'ii-'^tation.  Locica  in  any  desirecf  posi- 
B?ich  Mahoiinv  ?„„°5V8S  '^^"'  N^'tural  or  Weathered  Oak  or 
mien  Mahogany  topwith black  enamel  metal  frame 

_!t»4.o0  Delivered;  $5.f)0  in  West  and  Soiit.]) 


Pro„it^o®**V<*P®^y  storage  Cabinet 

of  ,?LM.?„.?!'^if  'T  H^ePins  small  supply  of  neces6ai-y  sizes 
flL,  ?^n,^  ?'"'''."'  |tenoBrapliors  and  free  from  dust  and 
In?^;  .nSTS.^f"""'?  '""■  '^tter,  cap  and  note  size  papei-s, 
M^"^  T  fn  „>i?y  «"^,?'opes  and  diawer  for  carbon  papers,  etc 
&rch  M-,h^S,  "*  ^^  '"  '^"'"b"  "'■  Natural  Quartered  04k  or 
Birch  MahoKany  No   IBO-Open  front,  lower  price 

$4.00   Deli-frered:  $4.'50  m  VV«st  amA  South. 
Ha,,  .T    A  ^-  Utility  Cabinets  i 

M?Zf  *'?.  <f"»wera  of  size  to  accommodate  standard  leeal 
blanks.  Made  heavy  enough  to  hold  engravings,  electrotypes, , 
etc.    Case  is  comer  locked,  drawer  fronts  flush.    Rubber  feet 


if^  Sectional   Bookcases 


prevent  marring:  polished' eilrfaces' 
liolden  or  Natural  Finish 


$0.00  Deliveired! 


No.  914,  Plain  Oak 
$7.25  in  West  and  goufih. 


Free  S^'i'li"'  Booklet  "FlLlJfG  SCGGESTIONS"  -As 
^^  that  Its  title  implies.     Givea   many  simple  Bystemi 


Note  WE  PAY  THE  FREIGHT  to  points  in  Eastern 
■  w  :  and  Centra  states  at  prices  quoted.  Slightly  higher 
In  West  and  South.      Delivered"  Items  sent  postage  prepaid. 


Comb,  3006 
Plain  Oak.  $20.75 

Freight  Paid  (See  Note) 


In  Solid  Mahog-any, 
B  i  r  c  111  Mahogany, 
Plain  and  Quartered 
Oak,  in  a  wide  as- 
softment  of  finishes 
enables  you  to  secure 
book  sections  .xOi  .>  .iw 
home  or  office  thai 
will  (harmonizci  with 
o  t  'h  e  r  furnishin.fs. 
Made  in  the  popula:- 
Receding  Door  type. 
The  Weis  Pateul: 
Equaldzer  euide;?  and 
controls  the  dooi'  so  it 
can  travel  only 
straight  'forward  an-d 
'back  dn  recess  above, 
book  space.  Doors  will 
not    slam. 


The  5^^  Manufacturing  Co.  150  Union  Street  Monroe,  Mich. 

New  Yorlc  Offica  368  Broadway.  The  Knechtel  Furniture  Co.,  Ltd.,  Hanover,  Ontario.  Canadian  Makers 

9 


eeas  i^row 


BURPEE'S    ANNUAL    FOR     1919 

The  Leading  American  Seed  Catalog- 
is  designed  to  be  of  real  value  to  every 
one  who  plants  a  garden.  Twenty- 
four  pages  illustrated  in  color,  with 
carefully  written  descriptions  of  vege- 
tables and  flowers. 

Write  for  it  today,  and  please  mention  World  Almanac 


Seed  Growers 


W.  ATLEE  BURPEE  CO. 


Philadelphia 


10 


MAMi: 


■>//. 


3-ln-One  is  the  ex- 
actly  right    lubricant 
for  every  light  mechanism 
about  the  house,  farm,  office, 
factory.    Puts  "whiz"  in  the  bear- 
ings; eliminates  friction  and  wear. 


i 


^ 


3-in-One  not  only  lubricates  perfectly,  ■0. 

,    but  works  out  old  caked  grease  and  dirt;  -0- 

prevents  rust  in  the  bearings;  kills  squeaks.  ^ 

Everything  oiled  with  ^ 


pdtVENTS  ROsi 
lUBRICMtS 

TYPEWRITERS 

BICYCLU 

GUNS 

SEWINO  HACWNES 

TALKING  MACHINES 

BAZORSi^  STROPS 


The  High  Quality  Oil 

stayi3  young  longer  and  works  better  all  its  life. 

Try  on  sewing-  machines,  washing  maclilnes,  cream 
separators  and  icecream  freezers,  viacuum  cleaners, 
viictrolas,  locks,  clocks,  fans,  firearms,  all  tools, 
Lawn  mowers,  go-carts,  bicycles,  roller  skates, 
everything  that  needs  oiling. 

OdI  Ford  commutators  with  3-in-One  to  make 
starting  easy.  Prevent  m'agneto  trouble  by  oiling 
regularly  with  3-in-One. 

Auto  spring  squeaks  are  stopped  and  breakage  pre- 
vented by  squirting  3-in-One  along  the  edges  ana 
ends  of  the  leaves. 

At  all  stores  in  50c,  25c  and  15c  bottles;  also  in  25c 
handy  oil  cans.  ^ 


Sample  and    Dictionary  of  Uses. 
Just  write  us  on  a  postal  for  both. 


'///■ 


FREE 

THREE- IN- ONE  OIL  CO.  p 

71  Broadway    •::      ::      New  York  W 

11 


TRAVELlNQjQOQDS 

—.«.  .^..4^  lutJ'  \i^  \^a  toM^  «uUf  t.^  ^^ 


r%^ 


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There  is  a  lot  of  satisfaction  in  know- 
ing- wliat  you   buy. 

When  you  purchase  a  Belber-Fabri- 
IfOid  bag  or  suitcase  you  Tiave  the  as- 
sui'ance  of  knowing  that  it  is  made  by 
Belber — a  responsible  manufacturer. 
And  you  knoiw  it  is  made  of  Du  Pont 
Fabrikoid,  Craftsman  Qaulity — ^the  best 
grade  of  Fabrikoid  made  for  the 
purpose. 

That's  why  you  can  'be  sure  of 
satisfaction,  beauty  and  service. 
The  guarantee  is  written  in  tihese 
riuality   trade  marks. 


OUTWEAR 
TRAVEL 


dBRIKQU 

CRAFTSMAN 
QUALITV 


$7.50  to  $18.00 

At  the  better  shops  and  department  stores. 
Write  for  illustrated  booklet. 

The  BELBER  TRUNK  and  BAG  CO. 

Kensington,  Philadelphia,  Penna, 

MAN'S  SUIT  CASE 

No.  682  BLACK.  No.  685  BROWN. 

A  sturdy,  well  made  suit 
ease  in  small  cross  grain 
effect.  Has  sewed-on 
heavy  corners,  sewed-on 
loops,  heavy  strap  all 
around,  reinforced  by 
two  strong  bolts  and  side 
hasp  lock.  Durable  lin-ene 
lining  and  equipped  with 
BELBER  FITALLtohoId 
your  own  toilet  articles. 

24  inch  size  $14.00 
26  inch  size  $15.00 


12 


Unusuallv 
Thick  Tread 
This  Meana 
DurabiUt.v 


Extra 


You  Can  See 


Just  measure  the  thickness  of  a  Mi- 
chelin  Universal  in  comparison  with 
any  other  tire. 

The  extra  thickness  of  the  Miche- 
lin  Tread,  due  to  extra  rubber  and 
fabric,  is  bound  to  mean  more  mile- 
age. 

Remember  that  every  ouni;^  of  rub- 


ber and  fabric,  which  a  MicheUn  c^r- 
tains,  is  the  toughest  that  snoney 
skill  and  experience  can   .7rodutfc, 

Michelins  give  so  much  miie&ge 
that  they'd  be  economical  evejs  if  hiir,ti 
priced.     But  they're  not  high  priced 

The  Michelin  dealer  gives  his  cus- 
tomers more  for  their  money  than 
they   could    get   elsewhere. 


Dealers   everywhere.    -Wholesale    factory  br'anches   in   the   following  cities: 

Atlanta,  Ga.  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Boston,  Mass.  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Seattle    Wash 

Charlotte,  N.  C.  New  Orleans,  La.  c     i     '     Txr     i 

Chicago,  111.  New  York  City  Spokane,  Wash. 

Cleveland,  Ohio  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Dallas,  Texas  Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Denver,  Colo.  Portland,  Ore. 

Jacksonville,  Fla.  Reno,  Nev. 

Kansas  Cits^  Mo.  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Branches  in  Important  Cities  in  Hawaiian  Islands,  Porto  Rico 
■and  the  Philippine.s. 


FACTORY,  MILLTOWN,  NEW  JERSEY 

13 


Only  10,000  of  these  marvelous,  instantaneous 
picture-taking  and  making  cameras  to  be  sent 
out  absolutely  on  approval  without  a  penny  in 
advance  just  to  prove  that  it  is  the  most  woa- 
derful  invention— the  camera  sensation  of  the 
age.  So  you  must  send  for  it  quick!  Just  think 
of  it—the  new  Mandel-ette  " 

Takes  and  Makes  Finished   Pictures 

INSTANTLY ! 

you  press  the  button,  drop  card  m  developer  and 
in  one  minute  take  out  A  perfect,  finished  post  card 
photo  2Vbx3y2  inches  in  fc^ize.  Camera  itself  is  about 
41/2x5x7  inches.  Loads  in  daylight  16  to  50  post  cards^ 
at  one  time. 


\o  Films— No  Plates— No DarkRoom 

Not  a  bit  of  the  muss  and  bother  of  the.  oixJinary  Icodals  or 
;aniera.  It  is  instantaneous  photography!  Unirersal  focus  ]eiis 
(reduces  sharp  pictures  at  all  distances.  Pictmws  develop  and  print 
lutomatically.    Can't  overdeyelop,    Besults  oositlTels  amazing. 

We  Trust  You 

No  difference  TS^ho  you  are.  wuere  yen  Sve  or  ■What  ymir  ago,- 
ve  will  sand  you  the  complete  Mandel-ette  outfit  absolutely  on 
ipproval  and  gne  you  ten  days  to  test  it.  But  when  you  see  wliat 
.'legaut  pictures  it  taljes— so  quick,  so  easy,  with  no  trouble  at  aU 
-if  you  wish  to  Iseep  It  you  simply  send  us  $1.00  per  month  until 
ar  siwcial  price  of  only   $5.50  is  paid. 

Easy  Payments — No  References 

an?  Mnd.    Monthly  payments  eo  small  youTI 
Siinply   fill  out  an-d  mail  _  coupon   today,  ^.pena 


'  No  red  tape  ct  an?  Mnd. 
It  notice  them.  Siinply  fiU 
>  money.     No  references  remiire!^, 


Lots  of  fun  and  bis  SrOiUtB. 


No  Experience  Required 


■5L    Plain    msinxctions    una.   eTerythina 
*^  complete    with  outfit  so   you  can 
^    begin  taking  pictures  'the  moment 
We  guarantee   that 


Cliicaffo  Ferrot.ype  Co.,  „.„..-  = 

fcsk  243,  Ferrotype  Bldg:.  \   it  arrives.  _ 

Cbicaso,  Illinois.  4  eveu.   a   child    cnn    operat«   it. 


Send  me  at  once  complete  model  ^  ^*'1,ki?^'??:°«^  +^°1!;„„  cameia 
landel-ette  outfit  including  supply  4*^  ohligaUon  to  keep  camera. 
i   post   cards   amd.  instructions.     I  ^      yw  -  p        m.         /» 

«ree  to   examine  acd  test  it  thor-  Ik      LhicagO  rerrotype  Cd 
lUghly  and  if  satisfied  pay  you  $1.00  %  Desk  243 

,  month  until   your   sipecial   price  of   A      _      i*""  " 
:b  50  is  paid,  otherwise  I  will  letura  it  ^    rerrotype  Building, 
*  the  end  of  ten  days.  ^     Chicago,  Illinois 

!ame .'•< 


treec  and  iSo. 


^. 


14 


More    Tiian    Pleased 

Your  camera  reached  one.  O.  K. 
and  1  was  surprised  at  the  worlt 
it  does.  I  have  taken  several 
photos  and  some  as  good  as  1 
have  ever  seen,  talcen  with  any 
camera.  Even'body  that  sees  the 
woik  of  the  "Mandel-ette"'  says 
it  is  fine  and  I  am  more  than 
pleased  with  it. 

VerDie  Boyle.      Northome,  Minn,' 
»1S  ill  Two  Days 

I  wish  to  say  ttliat  I  am  well 
pleased  with  yom:  c.imera.  I  am 
using  my  Mandel-eitte  tlhis  weeft 
at  tihe  Bedford  County  Fair.  I 
have  made  ailwut  SIS  eo  far  with 
anm  Mandel-ette  and  today  is  only 
tPuesdw.    IWE  tTH'U'KLMAN.  Jr., 

Slieiroyrtlle.   TMin.. 
Takes  Pictures  on  Dark  Day 

I  am  perfectly  deliglrted  with 
the  "Mandel-ette."  I  have  had 
•very  good  success — never  before 
to  have  handled  a  camera  a-t  all. 
J  can  say  it.  will  do  all  you  claim, 
I  have  taken  a  pictm'e  wtoich 
shows  a  Mt.  more  than  4,000  feet 
away  and  on  a  very  dark  day. 
Jas.  H.  Hubbard.  Penhook.  Va, 

Anyone   Can   Use  Them 

Beceived  the  "Mandel-ette" 
and  supplies  'Saturday  evening. 
Sunday  morning  we  began  to 
take  pictiuea  and  had  very  good 
Juck.  It  is  sure  simple  enough. 
Anyone  can  use  them.  We 
couldn't  get  along  without  ours. 
Mrs.  R.  U.  Iddings,  Mapleton.la. 
Amazed  At  Minute  Camera 

I  am  enclosing  pictures  taken 
mih  my  "Mandel-ette"  to  show 
you  gentlemen  vAmt  I  aim  nia.k- 
"jng.  N-olbody  tau^t  m©  but 
your  instructions.  I  am  malang 
pictaires  with  great  pleasure  aiiid 
mw  friends  are  amazed  at  yom 
very  higih  grade  minute  camera, 
C    Satutm,  iganta  Ana.  Alaska 


'cvro State . 


Learn  the  NEW  WAY  at  Home, 

msht  in  youi-  own  home,  iu  half  the  time.  OJJE-THIRD  THE  EXPENSE,  ym.  can 
learn  New  Wav  Shorthand  and  T.vwewriiing:.  Entirely  New  Method  enables  yon  to 
^He  125  to  ISO  words  a'nunutc  in  Shorthand.  SO  to  100  words  a  mmute  in  Type- 
writing.     No  local  busiJiess  school  can  ofler  these  amazme  new  s.i  stems. 

GRAD'U.ATEIS  of  tone  in  ess  colleges  and  special 
typewi-iting  cou'ises  fl.re  constanitly  .eil^^lliDg  wiOh 
lis  and  wilhoiit  exception  tliey  an'e  doubling  and 
troDlinK    their    former    best    sueed    in    typewritius. 

Earn  Big  Money 

Xoti  one  hea-e  given  t'lie  most  complete — ^tihe  unost 
t:hoa'0'Ugh--gcing — <:ommqii'cial  training  aTailiMe  in 
America  to-day.  Wi.tHioxit  one  penny  of  extra 
cliargie.  riglit  along^  wath  yo\>r  shorttoa'Dd  and  type- 
Tiriiting.  v<Ki  will  be  hilly  trained  in  Biisinees 
Eriglisli.  r.etter  Wilting.  Office  Met'liods.  iSeare- 
tavial  Work — everj'tihing  redded  to  earn  big  iiioriey 


AWONiDERFU'L  new  mc*od  of  teadiiiig 
sihoitliaad  a^ud  typemitdTig  lias  toeen  dis- 
covered which  lias  completely  aevolutlon- 
azed  all  oild  teaching  staadairds.  'No  long'ei"  is  it 
necessary  for  ainy  one  tO'  ibe  anytiliiug  less  tlian  nn 
expert  fttenogTapher.  Instead  of  learning  .slowly. 
laJboriously,  imperfectly  and  expen'sively,  this  (New 
Way  enafblea  you  ito>  learai  quickly  amd  perfectly  at 
lioiue  at  verv  little  cost,  and  eo  easily  that  in  a 
few  short  'weelts  yon  become  m>ore  oofmpetent  than 
many  stenographers   with  years  of  €sperie<nce. 

Shorthand  and  Typewriting 

The   New  Wey  ie  .so  aniaz-ingily   easy  to   learrn.   so    from  tilie  pitsirt 


aimpile.  so-  fascJoiati'mg.  T.H.\T  ANY  OINIB  WHO 
CA'N  READ — even  "boys  and  girts  of  15 — can  no.W 
quickly    acquire    highest-giade    ability.      And    you 


W 


Large   Descriptive   Book   FREE 

cannot     attempt      liere     to     fullv     des-cniibe 


leain  entirely  AT  HOME,  in  hM  the' time  and  at     th<:    SKW   V,  \Y  in    Shorthand   and  ;Tjipe'."Tit,in3 


one-.tihird  tihe  exipeuse.  Beginners  w^ho  never  could 
write  one  •word  in  6!lioi tlliand  are  writing  125  to 
150  words  a  mdnaxte.  nnd  can  INSTi.'V.NTLY  read 
EVERY     WORD     OF     THEIR     SHORTHA;ND 


But  ue  lia\e  iwepared  a  ^bnok  vrhieh  tells  al' 
a'boiu  [hf<e  .splendid  ueu  ri.isteii).-,  wliicli  i 
FREE  to  tiho.se  intcreatetl.  iScnd  iu  the  ccniiot 
or  -write  a   pocstal  to-dao'.      With  tlif  'hook  'We  wih 


NOTES.  vAod  instead  of  tvpewiting  30  to  40  send  .vou  oui'  speciail  re'luced  (loice  offea-  vo  now 
words    a    mSnute    iviith    one    or-  two    finger,s.    eoes     etudent.s   dn   each    locahty,  . 

chained  to  the  keyboard  tliev  can  typewrite  80  If  you  are  aaiil>itious  to  get  STARPKiD  RKiHT  in 
to  100  words  a  minute  blindfolded,  using  A.LL  Shoitliand  and  Typewnii-ng — df  y-oai  wre  nmbit-ioiie 
fingere.  TO-iting  witlh  am-.nzing  ea.se  and  WilTH-  to  get  ahead  qniicldy— it  you  want  to  eain  hn? 
OUT   ERiRORSl  money,    and  -have  i))le-hty   of    money     for     all     (hf 

Tina  secret  of  the  -New  Way  in  Sih-oi'thand  is  things  yoai  want,  don't  wai.t!  a  .single  minute-  Ibe 
borro-wed  fiiom  the  me.tlhods  used  in  TE.^iOHINGi  fore  sending  for  oui  new  free  book. 
OHILDRIBN  TO  READ-!  You  ileani  actual  words 
froon  the  very  fiist  le.sson.  -a-nd  can  use  them  .it 
onoe.  la  TWO  WBElvlS  you  can  take  practice 
dictatdoa.  Tlie  METHOD  OF  TEAOHING  is  so 
diffeveat,  so  revtultitionaiy.  and  so  'thorough  that 
ONICE  TOU  EEA;BN  a  word  you  WIfJL 
NEVER    PaRGErr   IT! 

The  New  Way  in  Typewriting 
Nothing  Uke  th«  -NEW  'WAY  in  Typ.ew-riting  has 
ever  Iheea  disooivieired.  ISpecial  GYMNASTIC 
Finger  Training  a.way  from  tihe  inaahinc.  in  con- 
nection "With  ju-st  enough  machine  practice  to  toe 
interesting.  brings  I'esuilts  in  D.VYi.*^  tiTiat 
ordinary  methods  will  not  rpividuoe  in  .MONT'HS. 
So    pleasing    are    ita    reetilts    that    thousands    of 


'     Jfail    This    To-Day    for    BIcsrer    Pay. 

Please  send  mo  yoair  fii-ee  .■book  "Tlie  Wew  Way 
'in  'Shorthand  and  Typewritinig." 

Name .^ 

,  Adds  CH.S       

I 

I  Age Occupation ...;. 

Mail    to    THE   TULI.OSS   SCHOOL. 
4200     College     Hill,     Springfield,     Ohio 


15 


urance 


>USINESS  is  awake.  Co-operation  between  employer  and  em- 
ployee is  strong.  It  is  necessity  that  finds  expression  in  that 
modern'  form  of  insurance  appealing  to  employer  and  employee 
alike — 

Prudential  Group  Life  Insurance 

The  employer  gives  rich  proof  of  his  interest  in  his  employees 
by  arranging  for  their  insurance  as  a  group.  The  cost  is  about 
1%  of  the  pay  roll.  The  future  is  safeguarded  for  your  em- 
ployees'; families.  No  medical  examination  is  required.  The  em- 
ployee repays  his  employer  by  his  loyalty  and  by  better  work  for 
the  concern. 

We  solicit  communications  on  this  important  subject.  Let 
us  send  you  our  booklet,  "Prudential  Group  Life  Insurance,"  that 
explains  it  clearly.     It  is  most  interesting. 

'he  Prudential  Insurance  Company  of  America 

Incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey 
/ORREST   F.   DRYDEN,   President  Home  Office,  Newark,  N.  J- 


The  Fi 
Every 


M^nrrTheNational  IV*Day 


The  FtTst  of 
Every  Month 


16 


PATE 

■  LACEY    &    LAGEY         ,   ■ 
Attorneys-at-Law  Patent  Practice  Exclusively 

Established    1869 

Solicitors  of 

U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents 

Trade-Marks,  Copyrights 

641  F  Street  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Write  us  for  our  Inventors'  book 


Not  Air  Inflated 


Buoyancy    Is 
Indestructible 

Always  Depend- 
able and  goes  on 
in  a  Flash,  like  a 
Union  Suit. 


Whea  yvn  must  have  immediate  pro- 
tection from  drowning  and  exposiue 
3'ou    ne'ed    an 

Ever-Warm 

Safety-Suit 

They  Have  Protected  Thou- 
sands Oil  tjie  Way  "Over  There." 

Don't  Sail  or  X,et  a    Loved    One 
Sail    WithQut    One. 

Ask  for  Pamplil«t  "119" 

National  Life  Preserver  Co. 

(Embracing     the     International     Life 
Suit  Corp.) 

SOLE  OWNERS  &    DISTRIBUTORS 

11    BKOADWAY.   NEW    YORK 

(Telephone  ■Bovrling  Green  8609. 


17 


KeepsYou  Afloat 
Warm  and  Dry 

Ot'her  derices  jnay  keeu  y'Hi 
afloat,  ibut  can  not  be  relied 
upon;  nor  will  they  pro- 
tect you  fvom  ez'posiu-e — 
the  cause  of  most 
deaths  at  sea.  


^2Z2ZZZZZSZZZZZZZ. 


\ 


I 


J 


f^m/nmidck 


■P   H  O   N  O  CHAP    MS      -   IN.'.      O   N    E- 


WWWWWW^ 


A  New  Idea 

Brunswick  Methpd  of  Re- 
production brings  higher 
musical  standards » 

In  the  new  Brunswicks 
are  incorporated  many  ad- 
vanced ideas  in  reproduc- 
tion. So  that  this  already 
fanaous  instrument  is  win- 
ning new  laurels  every- 
where. 

The  Brunswick  Method 
of  Reproduction  is  entirely 
different,  a  new  creation. 
All  old  crudities  are  dis- 
carded. 

One  of  the  chief  features 
of   The   Brunswick   Method  is  The   Ultona,  our    new    and 
remarkable    all-record   reproducer.      This    is    the    gi 
single  invention   in  years  in  the  phonograph   world 

At  the  turn  of  a  hand  you  may  play  any  record,  what- 
ever make,  and  play  it  at  its  best. 

Until  you've  heard  the  new  Brunswick  and  know  all 
its  superiorities,  do  not  decide  which  phonograph  you 
want.  Hear  The  Brunswick  and  compare  it  with  any. 
Let  your  own  ear  decide. 


The  Brunswick  may  be  obtained  in  models  ranging 
from  $32.50  to  '$1,500 

THE  BRUNSWICK-BALKE-COLLENDER  CO. 

New  York — Chicago 


greatest      ^ 

i 


Branch    Houses 

In  Principal  Cities  of  ITnited  States. 

Mexico     and     Cahada. 


Canadian       Distributors:         Musical 

Merchandise     Sales     Co., 
Excelsior     Life     Buildiris:,     Toronto. 


18 


yyy»yyyMJ'yy^vyyyM>/yyyyyjwy^M^^ 


Our  Catalogue 


contains  200  pages  of  in- 
formation pertaining  to 
Guns,  Hunting  Out- 
fits.  Ammunition,  Foot 
Bail,  Basket  Bali,  Gym- 
nasium Apparatus,  In- 
door Athletic  Out/its, 
Ice  and  Roller  Skates,  Snow  Shoeing,  Skiing 
and  all  Fall  and  Winter  Sports.  It  is  a  continuation 
of  our 

Catalogue  76  W. 


Navy  Outfits 


which  contains  170  pages  of  Army  and  Navy  Camping  Out- 
fits, Canoes,  Tennis,  Baseball,  Golf,  Cutlery,  Eveready 
Flashlights,  Bicycles,  Dog  Collars,  Spring  and  Summer 
Sporting  Clothing  and  Shoes. 

Besides  the  above  we  issue  a  Fishing  Tackle  Catalogue, 
78W,  containing  170  pages  of  Tackle  suitable  for  all  waters. 

Any  or  all  of  the.  above  will  be  mailed  on  receipt  of  10 
cents  to  partly  cover  jjostage  and  cost. 

Sdioverliflg  Da^  &  Qate^ 

302-304  Broadway,  New  York 

19 


mm 


#?^|:S^ 


jmmimf»J 


*5)TWJS;,^ 


■??> 


■:^,'4 


This  IS 

Richard  A.  Oldham 

Ml*.  Oldham  was  telegraph  ojDerator  for  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  for  twenty  years.    He 
is  fifty-eight  years  old.    One  day  he  read  one  of 
nu'  adveitiseinents  and  the  possibilities  of  making  money  in 
the  Auto  Tire  Repair  Business.    In  a  few  weeks  he  had  pur- 
chased and  installed-  a  Haywood  outfit,  and  was  doing  business 
for  himself.    A  short  time  ago  he  wrote  us 
tliat   his   income   in   four   montiis   was    as 
much   as  it  had  been   in  Two  and  One- 
Half     years     as     Telegraph     Operator. 
There    are    thirty    million    tires    in    use 
every     day — punctures     and    blow-outs 
are    common.     Something    going    wrong 
all    the    time.     New    tires    advancing    to 
prohibitive  prices.    Owners  forced  to  have 
their    old    tires    fixed.     I    have    500    other 
place§   to   be   filled   now. 

/  Must  Have  500  Men 

to  fill  these  places  within  the  next  60  days 

I  have  a  tiia  interestlna:  book  to'  send  vou — a  ibook  about 

t'lres it  tells   all   about   them — how    thev   are    recaired    bv   the 

Havwood  method — explains  this  business — Kives  inside   fierures 
a.nd    Dro.fit.     Gives   actua^l    Broof   of   success.     What    these    men 

have    done    you    can    do.      $2500    to    S4000    jti-m      

a  vear  is  conservative.     One   machine   wiLl     .^'^^^^■^•■iBiMB 
Erlve   you   a   start.     All   you   do   is   onen    a     ^    M.  HaTWOod.  Pres 

shop,   put  out  a  Haywood  sign,   and  auto  JT  „„ „„j  rim  ijr,.,i.,»,«nin« 

owners    will    come    to    you.      There    is      ^T     BQJlOfl  1 16  X EOU  010  CO. 
a    biff    opi>ortunity   awaiting   vou  ^    oAn  f>     •    i    « 

Sisn  the  CouDon  ana  mail  it  todav.     jT      ^tadianaDoUs    iTd"^* 

ov  send  a  Dost  card  or  letter.        ^^         inoianapous.  ma. 

uiuiiinnn  Tinr  o  rniiinniru'r  ma      ^  Dear  Sir: — Please  send  one  your 

HAYWOOD  TIRE  &  EQUIPMENT  CO.  ^  book    on    Haywood    Tire    JKepair 

»»•  TT  1  vrrrr\r\-r^    r.  ^    Plants  and  fuU  particulars  on  j-our 

M.  H.\YWOOD.  Piea.  ^    N.itional    Tire    Repair    Service    and 

842  Canitol  Are..  Indianapolis^  tnd  ^    details  cf  your  FiEEE  soliool  of  tire 

repairing. 
Name. 

Address 


Are 


You  and  Yours 
ed  to  Win? 

Do  the  new  words  asBolshevtki, 
e,  Boche?  camouflage^ 

vitamine,  junior  high  school, 

ace,  fourth  arm,  uku- 

lele?  escadrilles  tank, 

and  many  others  convey 
their  true  meaning  to  you? 
Can  you  pronounce  themr 

9i 


.NTEMNAIiONAL 

DICTIONARY— The  MERRIAM  WEBSTER 

answers  your  questions  about  all  these  new  terms.  Whatever  your 
field  of  activity  this  "Supreme  Authority"  is  an  essential. 
Hundreds  of  Thousands  of  successful  meii  and 
women  daily  go  to  this  wonderful  storehouse  of 
knowledge.  They  dare  not  risk  a  mistake.  To- 
day, facts  are  demanded  as  never  before.  Exact 
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win  success. 

Why  noijet  the  NEW  INTERNATIONAL 
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400;000  Words.  30,000  Geographical  Subjects. 
6,000  Illustrations.  12,000  Biographical  Entries. 
2,700    Pages.       Thousands    of    other    References. 

The  only  Dictionary  witli  the  new  divided 
paSes.  characterized  "A  stroke  «f  Genius." 
Tyoe  matter  is  eauivalent  to  that  oif  a  15- 
Tolume  encyclooedia. 

[n  terms  of  money  value  you  can  liave  the  use  otf  $400,000 
for  twenty  years  at  a  cost  o'f  only  60   cents  a  year. 

Write  for  Soecimen   Paeres.   Illustrations,   etc. 
^ree  Pocket  Mat)s  if  vou   mention   the  World   Almanac. 

G.  &  C.  MERRIAM  CO.,    Springfield.  iMass.,  U.  S.  A. 

81 


ffljss^  The  Correct 

'■^  Milking  Machine  Principle 

The    success   of    the    milkinp:    machine    as    a   labor- 
saving  ahd   profit-making:  dairy  equipment  has   been 
due  largely  to  the  correct  principle  o^  the  HINMAN 
'  Milking  Machine. 

The  early  prejudice  against  the  milking  machine 
was  natural  because  of  the  many  unsuccessful  experi- 
ments with  complicated  mechanisms.  The  simple 
operation  of  the  HINMAN,  more  than  anything:  else, 
has  helped  to  overcome  prejudice  against  using  a 
machine   on   a  live  animal. 

The  HINMAN  principle  :hias  never  oeen  changefl 
from  the  original  machine.  Over  10  years'  experi- 
ence in  perfecting  details  has  resulted  in  absolute 
justification  of  the  machine. 

9  Units  Sold-Tip  to  ISffT       To  work  we'll,  a  machine  must  be  simple — simple  In 
I  3'9,000  Units  Bold  u»  to  1018    construction   and   simple   in   operation. 


PROVEN  BY  TEN  YEARS'  SUCCESS 

This  single-Unit  machine  milks  easier,  milks  cleaner,  permits  changing 
pails  without  stopping  milking, -and  keeps  each  cow's  milk  separate  to 
weigh  out  'the  silackers. 

Simplicity  Means  Low  Cost 

There  are  no  expensive  pipe  lines,  air  tank  or 
complicated  pulsating  mechanism.  Simple  combina- 
tion of  vacuum  pump  (pressure  of  which  can  not 
exceed  15  lbs.),  valve  chamber  in  pail  cover  that  can 
not  wear  out,  and  natural-action  teat  cups  that 
soothe  the  cow. 

One  man  with  3  units  can  milk  18   to  25  cows  in 
an  hour.    The  outfit  costs  about  $225  installed. 

Big  Catalog  Free 

If  you  milk  six  cows  or  more,  send  for  this 
book.  Read  about  the  experience  o^  successful 
dairymen  in  the  leading  dairy  sections  of  the 
world.  It  tells  why  more  HINMAN  Milkers 
are  in  use  than  all  other  makes  combined.  Aslc 
about  our  free  service  which  guarantees 
satisfaction, 

HINMAN    MILKING   MACHINE 


98-106   Elizabeth   St. 


Oneida,    N. 


Some  Territory   Open  for   Live  Agents. 

22 


Send    for    thia    b'ig 
Catalog   To-day. 


NOTE 
These  Low 
Prices 


WE. 
ON 


We  take  all  the  risk  VV"^^"" 
and  ship  se(l«-ctwus    \  ifj  C  "^ 
to  y.ooi  entirely    at 
oni'   risk.      You    pay 
uotbinfi   in     advance 
Simply     select     anything 
from    this    ad    or      fro-m 
our  catalog;,  anil   we  will  send 
it  m-enaid.  to    my    bank    or 
expies.s   ottice   .vou   designate  for 
yotu-   esamina'tion   and  approval. 


MONEY  BACK  IN  FULt 
ANYTIME.WITHIN  a^YEAR 


Dealing  witJi  ns  means  not  only  real  monev- 
saving.    but     also     POSITIVE     SATISFAC- 
TION viith  yoiu'  purchases  and  UNBOUNDED 
CO^TFLDEtNCE  in  om'  business  integritr.    Ev^-y 
diamond  you  buy  from  us  is  covered  by  om-  IRU-N-     X    y\%'<i> ' 
CLAD    MONEY-BACK    G-UARANTEE— the    most    xi».'«>  < 
libeial  guarantee  ever  issued  by  any  business  house  in    x%'     v^' 
America.         It   not   only  states  specifically  tlie   exact     ^  •»--•'   'J" 
carat  iveiglit  and  quality  of  the  diamocd  you    buy.     but 
t/EGALLY -'entitles    you    to   the    RETURN   OF  YOUR 
MONEY  .IN  FULL  any  time  witlun  one  year  from  date 
of  purchase.     It  also  allows  full  exchange  privilege  at 
ANY  TIJIB. 

14  GRADES  OF  DIAMONDS 

CnUke  a  retail  jewelry  store,  we  do  not  de- 
pend on  wholesalers  for  our  supply,   but 
.import  ooir  diamonds  in  the  rough  ia  large 
_<iuantities.aud  cut  them  ourselves.      We 
^carry  thoneauds  of  cairats  of  diamonds  in 
^stoelc.  In  14  grades,   from  ^70  to  $396 
^per  carat.    tVe  make  a  specialty  of 
Jarge  size  diamonds,   from  3  to  80 
I  carats.    Let  vs  Imow  yoiir  reau'ire- 
inents.  we  can  meet  all  demands. 


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B20& 

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Hamilton 
itBiin     mod*] 
25  year  gold 
filled  ease. 

$25.00 


Wrist  Watch  Specials 

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Geniune  Elgin,  Radium  dial 
Military        Wrist       Watch! 
Solid   silver  square   case. 
$18.75 


I 


•  II-'*"'      Wri*'  .g.^^^  Ohestnut.  St      '"^'^S         .'^'Os' 
PmLADELPHIA.  PA. 


23 


I  WILL  send  you  on  ten  days*  free  trial  a  high-grade  No,  4 
visible  writing  Underwood/ with  Back  Spacer  and  Tabu- 
lator, Stencil  Attachment,  Two  Color  Ribbon,  Waterjoroof 
Cover,  and  Special  Touch  TjqDewriting  Instruction  Book,  that 
Avill  teach  you  to  ojoerate  this  simple  Underwood  in  one  day. 
I  will  send  you  an  Underwood  (rebuilt)  for  much  less  than  manufac- 
turer's price.  I  guarantee  to  deliver  the  machine  to  j'^ou  in  perfect  con- 
dition. You  don't  ev.en  have  to  buy  the  machine  at  the  time  you  get  it. 
You  can  try -ft  for  ten  days  free,  and  then,  if  you  are, not  entirely  satis- 
fied in  every  wa}'^ — send  it  back  at  my  expense. 

ly  Five  Year  Quarantee 

I  personally  stand  back  of  ev- 
ery machine  that  groes  through 
my  factory  with  a  written  five 
year  guarantee  Of  Service. 
200,000  customers  confirm  my 
reliability.  That  means  I  gruar- 
antee  the  machine  I  put  into 
your  hands  to  give  you  five 
full  years  of  service. 

You  May 
RENTorBUY 

1  will  rent  you  a  machine  at  a 
low  monthly  rate.    You  can 
apply  six  months'  rental  on 
purchase  price,  buy  on  egsy 
payments  or  secure  a  sub- 
stantial cash  discount. 

Write  Today 

Send  natne  and  ad- , 
dress  on  post-card 
or  sign  coupon.   Ask 
about  Offer  No.  209. 


nCrjETn: 


'*.ifT| 


a 


I T  E  R 


QaR  I  U 


•  iL  -■ 


24 


I  AM  the  largest  typewriter  re-builder 
in  the  world.   I  handle  only  Under- 
woods, obtaining:  all  machines  and 
new  parts  direct  from  the   Underwood 
Company.     Don't   confuse   me  with   a 
second-hand  dealer.  I  put  each  machine 
through  a  process  that  I   have  spent 
twenty-five  years  perfecting.    I  have  the 
endorsement  of  over  200,000  customers. 
You  may  safely  place   absolute   confi- 
dence in  my  statements. 


■  APPLYING  REKT 

ON 

PURCHASE PRICE 


OK- 


rPOR  CASH  OR 

ON  EASY 

PAYMENTS 


Each  machine  is  taken  apart,  re-built  from  top  to 

bottom.  Frame  is  re-enameled,  bright  parts  re-nickeled.  All  parts  unfit 
for  further  service  are  discariied  and  replaced  by  brand  new  parts,  pur- 
chased from  the  Underwood  Company.  Each  machine  is  equipped  with 
new  type,  new  platen,  new  ribbon  vibrator,  front  scale,  feed  rolls,  rib- 
bon, space  bar,  key  rings,  key  glasses,  rubber  feet,  etc.  Expert  me- 
chanics re-adjust  and  re-aliga  each  machine.  It  will  stand  any  me- 
chanical typewriter  test. 

Oyr  Other 
FSasi  Brings 

A  new  plan— our  agency  plan.    Yoa  are  not   asked  to  do  any  can- 
vassing or  soliciting  for  orders.     You  simply  co-operate  with  us,  be 
coming  part  of  our  nation-wide  organization.    You  can  easily  get 
your  Underwood  free  in  this  way.     Think  what  a  help,  what  a 
convenience  a  typewriter  would  be.    Use  it  for  business,  type 
manuscripts,    stories,    scenarios,    for    yourself  ^and    others.    ^«^ 
Editors  demand  typewritten  copy.    Make  big  money  doing  ^J^  ^- 
work  for  others.    You  can  earn  twice  the  cost  of  the   ^  ^  ^^  -^ 
machine  in  a  month.    Let  me  tell  you  how  hundreds  ^^   ^'^"^ 
have  earned  an  Underwood.  a°^     '>*,'^ 


Send  me  your  name  and  address  on  coupon  today,  ^ 
or  write  postcard  and  learn  about  OflEer  No.  209.    o® 


E.  W.  S.  SHIPMAN,  President 


.^\^^^- 


fljy^^^o 


Esiabltslied  SSuarter  of  a  Century 
34-36  West  Lake  Street,  Chicago 


V  ♦* 

^J-^^"    ..•• 


^ 

^ 


25 


ENOUGH  MORE  HOLE  IN  SIX 

MONTHS  TO  PAY  FOR  THE  DRILL 

What  One  Experienced  Well  Driller  Did  With  a  Cyclone 
Class  C  Gasoline  Traction  Drill. 

In  Stark  Covtntv.  Ohio,  the  Deet>  WcU  DrillitiK  conditions  vary  eveatlT.  The 
.holes  raiiffe  from  one  hundred  to  one  thousand  feet  in  depth,  and  from  three  to 
"eighteen  inches  in  diameter.  The  underground  formations  are  never  unitorni, 
chanuinff  from  loose  sand  and  gravel  to  shale,  sandstone  and  hard  limestone. 
Moves  Sire  frewient  and  oftentimes  Ions,  so  that  if  maximum  ororjts  are  to  bo 
looked  for.  uiinimuin  time  spent  on  the  road  is  a  necessity. 

■  ^eorire  Martin  oif  Canton,  orobably  the  Jargrest  drill  onerator  in  the  county, 
is  noW  running:  four  outfits;  two  of  these  drills  are  of  the  small  easolme  traction 
type,  one  is  a  heavy  steam  outfit,  and  the  other  is  a  Cyclone  Class  C  Gasoline 
Traction  Kig:.  lilte  the  illustration  above.  In  January,  1916,  when  Mr.  Martin 
imrchased  the  Cyclone  Class  "C"  Outfit,  he  needed  what  he  termed  a  "sreneral- 
purnose"  drill  for  makine:  holes  from  three  to  ten  inches  in  diameter  with 
depths   varyinc   from  seventv-ifive  to   five   hundred   feet. 

After  operatine:  the  Cyclone  Class  "C"  Outfit  for  a  period  of  eieht  months, 
durinR  which  time  he  used  it  for  drillma:  holes  ranElnc  from  three  to  ten  inches 
in  diameter,  with  depths  ransrins:  from  fifty  to  five  hundred  and  seventy  feet, 
under  all  possible  conditions,  Mr.  Martin  made  the  statement  that  he  could 
drill  enouKh  MORE  hole  with  this  Cyclone  Class  C  Outfit  over  what  he  could 
drill  with  any  other  rie  he  had  ever  operated  to  enable  him  to  pay  _for  th« 
Machine   in    six  .months'    time — and    still   retain    his   usual    drilline    nrofita- 

The  reasons  WHV  Mr.  Martin  was  able  to  accomplish  this  with  the  Cyclone 
Class  "C"  Outfit  are  due  to  the  speed  of  operation  and  the  ease  in  handltnt  the 
Machine,  brought  about  by  certain  features  in  its  construction.  Some  of  these 
features  are: 


Complete  control  of  the  machine  without 

the  use  of  a  Clutc'h  on  the  Bandi  Wheel 

Slia>£t. 

A    Tool    Hoist    that    combines    the   flexi- 

tiveness  of   a  Ereared   hoist. 

"Push  and  PulT'type  of  levers  at  the  front 

bilitj'  of  a  friction   hoist   with   the   posi- 

of  Machine  for  controlling  all  operations. 


Derrick  hoisted  by  (Machine  Power. 

All  ;Spur  Gear  Type  of  Transmission — no 
chains    nor     sprockets. 
Weig-ht   evenly  balanced  on  Frame. 
Drilling  and  handling  of  Tools  two  sepa- 
rate and  independent   operations. 


■  "Drilling  For  Profits"  is  a  booklet  farther  describing  Cyclone  Drills  and 
the  various  fields  of  deep  well  drilling  in  which  they  are  being  successfully 
operated.  If  you  are  a  driller,  this  booklet  will  prove  valuable — if  you  are 
not,  it  will,  give  you  an  insight  into  a  very  interesting  and  profitable  pro- 
fession.    Write  for  your  copy. 

THE  SANDERSON-CYCLONE  DRILL  CO. 

IS    W0R1X>   STKEJET 

ORRVILLE,  OHIO,  U.  S.  A. 

Eastern  and  Exuort  Office.  50  Church   St.,  New  York. 

26 


"Reo"  Me:al 
Cluster  Shingles 


We  sell  direct  to  you  and  save 
you  all  middlemen's  profits.  .We 
Ehip  everything— roofing',  eidinfr, 
ceiling,  wall  boards,  etc.— freight 
prepaid.  We  cannot  quote  ycu 
our  low  factory  prices  here,  but 
send  for  our-  Big  Koofing  Book 
and  see  for  yourself  that  our 
prices  are  lowest  ever  quoted. 
»j    ^ 


Special  Bargains  In 
Garages 


Brick  Siding 


costless,  yet  outlast  three  ordin- 
ary roofs.  Need  no  painting  or 
repairs.  Rot— fire— weather—rust- 
proof. Insurance  cost  is  less— 
euaranteed  against  lightning. 

Edwards  Exclusive 
TIghicot®  Pfoe@ss 

makes  Edwards  Metal  shingles. 
Metal  Spanish  Tile,  Reo  Cluster 
Shingles,  Grip-Lock  Roofing  and 
other  Roofings,  Ceiling,  Siding, 
etc.,  absolutely  rust-proof.  Not 
3  pin  point  of  space  exposed  to 
weather. 

Our  Patent 
IntergockSng  DevBee 

prevents  warping,  buckling  or 
breaking.  Protects  nail  holes- 
nails  are  driven  through  tinder 
layer;  not  exposed  to  ^weather. 
No  specisJ  tools  required.  Easy 
to  lay. 

The  GalvanlzBngTest 

Take  any  other  galvanized  steel 
—bend  it  bac!:  and  forth,  hammer 
it  down.  Great  scales  of  galvan- 
izing will  flake  off.  Apply  this 
test  to  Edwards  Metal  Roofing— 
you'll  find  no  fiaking.  Edwards 
products  are  superior— yet  sell 
for  less  than  other  materials. 

Send  coupon  for  World's  Great- 
est Roofing  Book  and  Free  Sam- 


The  inoHGy  you  pay  in  a  few  months  for  garage, 
rent  buys  an  Edwards'  Metal  Garage.    Gives  yoo 
every  convenience — no  phoning  or  waiting  for  your 
car.  •  Gives  you  every  protection— against  care-         ! 
less  handling,  mars,   scratches— dgaioet  fire,        " 
lightning,  thieves,  etc. 

Write  for  Catalog  showing  all  sizes 
allstyles— "Steelcote.""All 
Steel"  or  "Stucco-Steel," 
Plain  Rock  Faced,  Brick  or 
Stone,  or  Weatherboard  Sid- 
ing, Metal  Spanish  Tile  or 
Metal  Shingle  Roof. 

Edwairds'  Portable  Gaiaees 
pay  for  themaelves  ia  a  zew 
months.  After  that  eaves  eoouffb 
to  pay  upkeep  of  car*  Find  out« 
Write  for  Catalog. 


Boofin^BobR 


iARGAItt^BODlCMUBQN 


Samples  FREE 

pies.  Book  will  convince  you  t£at  we  can  save  you  a 
lot  of  money  on  any  kind  of  roof  you  need,  also  on  ceil- 
ing, siding,  wallboard,  etc.  Fill  out  coupon  and  mail 
today.    Ask  for  Book  No.  $6. 

The  Edwards  Manufacturing  Company 

45-95  Pihe  Street,     Cincinnati.  Ohio 


Ttie  Edwards  Manufacturlns  Co., 

45-95  Pike  Street,     Cincinnati,  Ohio 

J^argest  Makers  of  Sheet  Metal 
Products  In  the  World. 
Please  send  me  FREE  Samples,  Freight  Paid 
Prices  and  World's  Greatost  Roofingr  Book  No.  95. 


f 


Name.c 


I   Addreea 


dreea • • f 

i^BB  ^H^  mm^m  ammmm  ombh  ia^^Mi^  mmmt  ^i^B  i^^J 


27 


s  in  Price 
for  Limited   Time   Only 

.  The  great  book  offers  on  the  opposite  page 
open  the  way  for  any  ambitious  man  to  break 
into  the  big- pay  class  by  studying  at  home  in 
his  spare  time.     Each  set  is  a  sensational  bargain. 

These  complete,  practical  Home  Study  Books  cover  the  fourleen  leading 
professions  and  trades — one  of  which  is  right  in  line  with  your  talents. 

Don't  fail  to  grasp  this  great  opportunity  for  self-improvement.  The 
technically  trained  man  is  the  man  of  the  hour.  Every  industry  is  bidding 
for  his  services. 

Get  started  quickly,  while  books  can  be  purchased  at  a  bargain  price, 
on  very  easy  terms.  Trained  men  are  drawing  record-breaking  salaries 
these  days — why   don't  you  "get  in   the   game?" 


FREE! 

with  every  set  is  included 
--F  REE  a  Consulting 
Membership  wliieh  gives 
you  the  urivilege  of  sub- 
niittine-  your  neriileving: 
problems  to  a  corps  of  ex- 
perts  for  an  entire  yciir. 
This  Consulting  Memlier- 
ship      regularly      sells      for 

$ia.oo. 


llere'a  your  chance  to  get — at  a  bargain 
price — a  set  of  pay-raising  books  that  will  fit 
you  for  a  bigger,  better  job.  Yes,  and  you 
rnay  pay  the  bargain  price  at  the  rate  of  only 
50  cents  a  week.  This  is  a  special  offer,  ^''*' 
on  it  at  once!  The  rising  cost  of  paper 
binding  materials  won't  permit  us  to  conti. 
it   indefinitely. 

No  matter  what  your  occupation,  one  of  the 
sets  listed  below  is  bound  to  suit  your  needs. 
They  a.re  written  dn  easily-unclerstood  language  by  recognized  authorities,  and 
contain  thousands  of  photograph.s,  full-page  plates,  diagrams,  etc.,  that  make 
difficult  points  as  simple  as  A-B-C.  Handsomely  and  durably  bound  in  half  mor- 
occo or  flexiible  .bindings  and  staimped  in  gold. 

for  7  Days'  Free  Trial 

We'll  gladly  send  any  set  of  book.s  to  you  for  seven  days'  free  examination, 
islvipping  chnrrcas  fully  prepaid.  Examine  them  caa-efully»^use  them  at  your  work 
for  an  eniiro  weeR.  If,  at  the  end  of  that  time,  you  feel  they  aren't  worth  many 
times  what  we  ask,  send  them  back  to  us.  If  you  keep  them,  pay  the  specially- 
reduced  prices  on  the  easy  terms  explained  below. 

Practical  Home  Study  Books 


Civil    Engineering 

Architecture  Carpentry  and   Building. 
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Applied    Electricity 

Automobile    Engineering    .... 

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Sanitary  Heat.  &  Ven.  Englneerins 

Mechanical    &.  Archrltectural    Drawing 

Carpentry  and  Contracting 

Law  &  Practice  (with  Reading-  Course) 

Steam     Engineering 

Fire  Prevention  and   Insurance 
Practical  Accounting  .... 

Only  5  Oca  Week 

Not  only  can  you  Ijuy  these  books  at  a 
rock-bottom  price,  but  we  offer  them 
to  you  on  the  easiest  of  monthly  payments. 
If.  after  seven  days'  examination,  you  de- 
cide to  keep  the  set  you  ihave  selected, 
simply  send  us  $2  and  t^hen  S2  a  month 
until  the  present  low  price  hag  heen  paid. 
Have  you  ever  ;heard  o£  a  moro  generous 
offer? 

Don't  wait.  This  means  money  In  your 
pocket  if  you  act  now.  Remember,  you 
take  no  chances  whatever — it  costs  notli- 
jnK  to  inspect  and  vou  are  not  oblifred  to 
keep  the  books  if  you  do  not  care  to  buy. 
This  offer  is  open  to  every  man  livintc 
within  the  boundaries  of  the  U.  S.  and 
Canada.  Mail  the  coupon  nonv — before 
.vou  turn  the  pase! 

AMERICAN    TECHNICAIi   SOCIETY 
Dept.  X-8001  Chicaico.  V.  S.  A. 

29 


Vols. 

Pages 

Sizei 
of  Pag© 

,0 

3900 

7x10 

10 

4760 

7x10 

10 

3680 

7x10 

7 

3000 

7x10 

5 

2400 

51/2x8% 

4 

1728 

7x10 

6 

2300 

5^Ax8% 

4 

1454 

51/2x81/4 

4 

1720 

7x10 

5 

2138 

51/2x8% 

Vi 

6000 

7xil0 

7 

3300 

51/2x8% 

4 

1500 

7x10 

4 

1840 

7x10 

iniis. 

Reg. 

Special 

Price 

Price 

3000 

$45.00 

$29.80 

4000 

50.00 

24.80 

1987 

50.00  - 

24.80 

2600 

35.00 

19.80 

2000 

25.00 

17.80 

2000 

20.00 

12.80 

2500 

30.00 

19.80 

20.00 

15.30 

1037 

20.00 

12.0G 

25.00 

17.80 

24 

72.00 

39.80 

2500 

35.00 

21.80 

600 

20.00 

15.S0 

800 

2O.DO 

12,80 

KFECi»  DtSCdffilF^  W  PO  N 


AMERICAN      TECHNICAL      SOCSETY, 
Dept.  X8001,  Chicago    V.  S.  A. 


Please  send  me  set  of. 


for  7  DAYS'  examiuatiou,  shipping  charges 
collect.  I  will  examine  the  books  thoroughly, 
and.  if  satisfied,  will  seed  $2  >vithin  7  days 
and  ,$2  each  montili'  until  i  have  paid  the  spe- 
cial  price   of If  I   decide   not 

to  keep  Dhe  books  I  will  return  them  at  your 
expense  ivithin  7  daj's.  Title  uot  to  pass  1 1 
me  until  the  set  is  fully  paid  for. 


I 


Name . . . . 

>  .iddrees. . . 
Uef  eience , 


THE 


Es  Visible 


ADDING,  LISTING  AND 
BOOKKEEPING  MACHINE 


THE  LQGICAL  SOLUTION  OF  YOUR 
LABOR    SHORTAGE    DIFFICULTIES 


Among  the  many  different  models  on 

display  in  our  salesroom,  there  is  sure 

—to  be  one  to  meet  your  requirements. 

THE    ADDER    MACHINE    COMPANY 

Ground  Floor,  Woolworth  Building 

230  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Factory  and  General  Office,  Wilkes-Barre,  Penna. 

30 


The  average  mind  resembles 
a  scrap  pile. 


The  Dickson  ^**™^  Trained 

mind  is  as  welt  ordered  as  a 

cross-indexed  tile. 


■  Is  your  mind  like  a  .-oiap  ;)ile — hmined  ii|)  wirti  a  lot,  of  unrelated,  unclassified,  unindexed  facts? 
When  jou  want  to  leineiiMjei  a  iiauu".  iila;e  or  elate,  n)ii>t  yon  gio'c  niici'i-tainly  in  this  mixed-up  pile 
seeking  iu  vain  to  locate  the  desired  information  V  And  finally,  in  enibarrassment.  give  it  im?  Sum- 
moned ou  any  occasion  to  giTe  facta  and  figiu-es — does  your  mind  become  a  blank?  When  suddenly 
called  upon  to  speak — do  you  seek  wildly  to  collect  your  thoughts — utter  a  few  commonplace  remarks — 
and  sit  dowii — Immiliatfd?  Without  Meinor.v.  all  the  knowledae  in  the  wor^d  becomea 
worthless.     "Stop  Forffettine"  wakes  yom-  uilnd!  a  file — not  a  »11e. 

I  Can  Make  Your  Mind  as   Systematic 
and  Forget-Proof  as  a  Card   Index  File 

— ^master  of  your  mind's  infinite  ramifications — instead  of  a  -rictim  of  its  disordered  details.  Jly  course 
of  Memory  Training  perfected  by  20  year^'  expemeuce,  is  universally  recognized  as  the  most  thorough, 
practical  and  simplest  system  of  its  kind  no\r  before  the  public.  .My  system  so  tliorougrhly  trains  the 
memory  that  you  vnW  be  able  to  classify  impressions,  ideas,  names,  faots  and  arsuments  and  have 
*hem  ready  at  a  moment's  notice.  It  develops  coucentiation — overcomes  self-consciousaeas.  basJiful- 
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Dickson  Memory  Training 
Has  Helped  Thousands 

Mail  coupon  or  send  postal  for  statements 
from  students  mho  'had  exceedingly  poor 
memories  and  de^'eloped    them    to    perfection 


and  men    witii 


reinarkably  good  memories, 
who  made  them 
even  better.  Give 
me  10  minutes 
daily,  and  I  will 
make  your  mind  an 
infallible  classified 
index,  from  which 
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select  facts,  figui'es, 
names,  faces,  argu- 
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your  memory 
and  you  caa 
command      what 


salary  yon  will. 


Pl-of. 

Henry 

DicksoBt 

'  Amerigo's    f  ore- 
tnost  auitiliority   on 
yMemory      Tmining 
(end   Principal  of  tilie 
:  Dioksoa  'Memory  Sdliooi; 
'  Hearst    Bldg.,  Chicago. 


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STATE 


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FOR  over  forty  years  the  house  of  Jason  Weiler  &  Son  of  Boston  has  been 
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Mounted  in  Tiffany 
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it  your  dealer  can  du- 
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^mf^ 


2  Carats,  $189.00 

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"•"/TV 


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MONFY 
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IF  NOT 
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as    to    our 

reliability 

to  any  bank 

o^r   newspaper 

In  Boston. 


price 


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355    WASHINGTON    STREET,    BOSTON,    MASS. 

32 


177  I/aSalle  Trained  Men  With  Armour  and  Comuauy 

Big  Salaries  for  Trained  Men 

"I   want  men  to   come   to  me    WlTtH  a  decision,   not   FOR  a  decision."   says  3Ir. 
Armour.     "If  I  don't  trust  a  man  I  don't  give  him  responsibillUy." 

"Every  man  who  enters  our  employ  is 
an  investment.  If  he  fails  to  grow,  to 
advance,  he  is  a  bad  investment  and  we 
are  the  losers." 

What  is  true  of  Armour  and  Oomipany  is  true 
of  evei-y  'business.  The  demand  is  for  men  prepared 
to  assume  executive  resixjtisibilities.  The  fat  pay 
envelope,  tlie  big  diecljs  and  diridends  go  to  men 
who  .have  the  knowledge,  training  and  capacity  to 
make  quiclj,  reliable  decisions. 

Today  boisinieas  wants  specialists  —  Business 
iMama>giera  EtX'iJei<t  Acoouintanti,  Auiditoa's,  Comp- 
tirolleirs,  Fimaecdai  Managers.  Cost  Accountants, 
Oredilt  Mem,  Banldng  Exi>erts|  Law,  Tmained 
Men,  Trai'fic  Direetois.  Sales  and  Advertising 
Managers,  Intenstalte  Com'merice  E'apeits,  JJusi- 
ness  Ooairespondanits  and  Office  Manageas.  LaSalle 
Tk'aim.iiDg  amd  Sieirviioe  wiH  iaSke  you  step  by  step 
See 
and 


until  you  qualify  for  one  of  tbese  respoosible,  big- 
sailaried  positions.  All  this  during  only  your  Bipaie 
toiouiM  ■wiWioub  interfeiieaoe  ■with  yoru'  pTesent  diuties. 

Here  are  a  fe-w  convincing  statenventa  from 
bhonsaiwis  who  testify  to  the  thoroughoess  of  I/a- 
Salle  training. 

"The  most  efficient  and  most  rapidly  proonoted 
men  in  our  whole  orgaudaiition  are  LaSalle  trained." 

"Promoted  to  General  Manager." 

"Saved  our  firm  .?3,98S  on  one  exiport  shipment." 

"Salary  increased   250  per  cent." 

"Have  been  adimitted  to  the  bar  in  this  State." 

Simply  mark  with  an  ''X"  below  the  coiuse 
and  service  in  which  you  are  interested.  We  will 
mail  book  "Ten  Years'  Promotion  In  One,"  cata- 
log and  full  particulars.  Mark  and  mail  the  cou- 
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led  thousands  of  forwai-d  looking  men  and  women 


10  real  success. 
Page    34    for    record    of    LaSalle    Students 
Graduates    witr>    prominent    organizations. 

LASALLE   EXTENSION  UNIVERSITY 


"The   World's  Greatest-  Extension   University" 
Dept.   2316-R.  Chicag-o.   Illinois: 

Send  me  (free  "Ten  Year.s'  Promotion  in  One."  also  catalog 
and    particulars    reprardingr    course    anid    service   in   the 
depaTtment  I   have   marked   with   an  X. 
1 — I  BUSlNiESS  ADMLNISTBATION: 
' —   JYaining   for   Official,    Managerial,   Sales  and 

Executive   positions  in   Business. 
1 — I  BUSINESS  LETTER  WRITING: 
' — '  (New  Covnse)  Training  for  positions  as  House 

Correspondents,  Supervisors  of  Correspondence, 

Mail   Sales  Dii-ectors,    Coiresponden-ce   Critics, 

Letter  Executives;  and  in  the  handling  of  all 

epeoiaJ    con-eiipondcnoe     (credits,     collections, 

sales,  adjustments,   etc.)   in   whicHi  expert  let- 
ter-writing ability  is  reouired. 
IZZlBIGHBR  ACCOUNTANCY: 

Ti-aining  for  -positions  as  Auditors.  Comptrol- 

iens.    Certified  J'uibiic  AooountantS.   Cost  Ac- 

countantB,   etc. 
— I  BANKING  AND  FINANCE: 
'"""'  Training  for  executive  positions  in  Banks  and 

Financial  Institutions.  Tellers,  Cashiers.  Trust 

Officers,   Financial  Managers,   etc. 
I — I  'LAW: 

I — '  Training  for  admission  to  bar  and  executive- 
business     positions     requiring     lei 

men.  Degree  of  LL,  B.  conferred. 


r— 1  INTERSTATE 
"— '  COMMERCE  & 
Itailway  Traffic, 
Traioinig  for  po- 
sitions as  Kail- 
road  and  Indus- 
trial Traffic 
ilanagers, 
Traffic  Ex 
petts.  etc. 

r—l  BUSrNEiSS   ENGUSH: 

'— ^  Training  in  the  use  of  correct  English  as  ap- 
plied to  the  wi'iting  of  business  literature, 
adverti.sements  and  business  letters. 

I — lEPFECTIVB   PUBLIC    SPEAKiING: 

I — 1  Trifling  in  the  art  of  forceful,  effective 
speech — Ministers,  Salesmen,  Frateinal  Lead- 
ers, Politicians,  etc. 

I — I  COMMERCIAL  SPjiJ^ISH: 

I — 1  Training  for  positions  aa  Foreign  Correspond- 


ent with   Spanish-Speaking   Countries. 
legaUy-trained  | — i  ELEMENTS  OF  ACOOUNTING: 

— 1  rrainicg  for  Expert  Bookkeeping  Positions. 

Address Present  Position 

33 


ig   In 

\A/-T rained    Men 


If  you  know  Law,  some  great  business  organization  will  want  you.  Every  large  corporation,  erery 
prominent  hank,  every  liouse  of  any  kind  engaged  in  oommerce  needs  the  law-trained  man.  They 
must  have  some  one  who  knows  what  is  legal  and  what  is  not  when  any  important  policy  is  unaer 
consideration.     Men  wlio  know  Law  draw  large  salaries  and  occupy  important  positions  in  busmesa. 


Tiiey  often   become  executives. 

A  University  Training  by  Mail 

Tou  are  offered  'bere  a  course  in  law  prepared  by  men  of 
nation-wide  reputation  as  legal  authorities.  Every  principle  of 
law  is  explained  in  clear,  concise  form  so  that  it  is  easily  un- 
derstood; and  jou  learn  bow  to  apply  tbese  principles  by  the 
study  of  actual  cases  and  practical  legal  problems.  You  get 
the  same  ohara-cter  of  instruction  which  you  would  receive  it 
you  could  attend  a  resident  university  with  these  eminent  men 
on  the  faculty.  You  have  text  books,  "lesson  talks,"  lectures, 
practice  courts,  quizzes  and  examinations;  yon  are  constantly 
under    the  direction   of   the  ablest   professors. 

Yon  graduate  with  the  degree  of  LL.B.— and  then  you  are 
ready  to  qualify  as  a  practicing  attorney  or  as  a  man  fitted 
lor  a  resiponsible  position  in  the  commercial  world.  All  thia 
you  can  accomplish  in  your  spare  ti^ne — a  few  iwoirs  a  week. 

Our  graduates  pass  bar  examinations  with  unusually  high 
standing.  They  are  practicing  law  in  nearly  every  Stat©  la 
the  Union  or  tiolding  respoubible  .business  positions. 

Small  Tuition — Easy  Terms 

Our  fees  put  tbis  home-study  course  in  law  within  tbe  readh 
of  the  man  of  small  income.  The  moderate  cost  of  the  course 
can  be  paid  a  little  each  month  if  you  wish.  No  matter  what 
your  present  position  and-  salary  may  be.  this  course  is  available 
to  you — and  you  can  begin  any  time.  ■^ 
XX/RITI?  Mail  the  coupon  and 
»''  *^*  *  *-■  Hve  wia  send  full  in- 
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"Tem  Yearn'  Promotion  In  One." 
All  this  is  free.     Write  for  it  now. 


LaSaHe  Extension  University 


"Ki©  World's  Greatest  Exten- 
sion University." 
Dept,  fi8ri6-L        Chicaero.  111. 

'Please   send   your    valuable 
boot,    "Ten  Years'   Promotion  .„    .   .  , 

in  One."  also  information  on  your  University  Training  in  Law 
and  on  your  Consulting  Service  free  to  Laoalle  Members. 
This  without  obligation  upon  me. 


Name. 


Present  position. 
Address 


34 


LaSalle  Students  and  Graduates 

can  now  be  found  employed  in,  the 
executive  department  of  practical- 
ly all  the  laiee  railroads,  business 
houses  and  commercial  organiza- 
tions in  the  United  States.  Many 
promineiLt  business  concerns  can  be 
named  in  ea«ih  of  whicih  100  to  90O 
or  more  LajSalle  students  or  grad- 
uates from  our  several  specialized 
deparbmente  axe  emtiloyed  in  re- 
Bponsiible   positions.    For   instance — 

(Pennsylvania    R.    E. S90 

American    Telograpb    & 

Telephooo  Comipany. . . .  26rr 
U.  6.  Steel  Corporation..  273 
Baltimore    &    Ohio  iR.K...  59.1 

Armour    &    Company 17T 

'Chicago    &    N.   W.   Ry S9T 

Ford   Motor  Comipany 134 

©wift    &     Company.-. 201 

.Standard    Oil    Company...   1'54 
Among   tbe   nuimerous    finms   and 
corporations    employing   50    to    100 
or  more  LaSalle  students  or  gradu- 
ates are  'Che  folkuwing: 
IWestem    Electric   Company 
International    Harvester    Co, 
B.   F.  Goodrich  Com.pany 
Wells  Fargo  Exipress  Company 
Gioodyear  Tire   and    Rubber   Co., 
and  every  imiportanit  railroad  com- 
pany in  the  United   States. 

(More  than  140.000  men  in  active 
business  liife,  including  a  large 
inuimber  of  corpora  tiion  olFficialis 
have  been  enrolled  and  are  reaping 
the  b^'uefibs  of  LaSalle  training  and 
servioe.  Over  20,000  new  mam/bers 
now  enroll  annually.  The  LaSalle 
organization  consisto  of  SOO  people 
including  a  staff  of  SOO  bmsiness 
experts.  professdonal  men,  text 
■wiitens,  special  lecture  wiiters,  in- 
BtructoiB  an-d  assistants,  LaiSall© 
Btudents  and  grad'uates  occupying 
responsible  positions  can  bo  found 
itihroug-hout  the  entire  English 
speaking  world. 


Make  This  Job  Yours 

The  difference  between  the  men  on  the  high  stools  and  the  man  in  the 
private  office  is  simply  training.     The  men  outside  stopped  when  they  ar- 
rived at  the  booklteeping  stage.     While  they  reached  their  limit  there,  he 
became  a  Higher  Accountant.     Now  he  has  "arrived"  as  an  executive. 
Spare    time    trainine    ffave    this 


ffave  this  man  a 
mastery  of  business  analysis  and  organiza- 
tion. He  charts  the  condition  of  fhe  busi- 
ness and  shows  officers  and  directors 
where  they  can  save,  wliere  they  can  apply 
more  efficient  metliods  and  where  every 
department  stands  all  the   time. 

Thousands  of  men  Jike  him  are  wanted 
by  our  great  corporations.  Financiers  and 
business  men  pay  biff  fees  and  salaries  to 
have  conditions  accurately  shown.  In- 
comes of  Higher  Accountants  ransre  from 
$3,000  to  $10,000  a  year  or  more.  And 
now  the  government  demands  accurate  in- 
come reports.  The  Expert  Accountant's 
service  here  may  eave  embarrassment  and 
heavy   expense. 

Train  by  Mail 

You  can  master  Hisfher  Accounting  in 
yoQr  leisure  time,  while  you  'hold  your 
present  position.  The  LaSalie  method 
will  train  you  by  mail  under  the  direct 
supervlsio'n  and  Euidance  of  a  iarsre  staff 
of  C.  P.  A.'s.  including-  William  B,  C'as- 
tenholz.  A.  M.  C.  C.  P.  A,.  Former  Comp- 

See  Page  34  for  record  of  LaSalle 

Students  and  Graduates  with 

prominent   organizations. 


troller  and  Instructor.  University  of  Illi- 
nois; Wm.  Arthur  Chase.  LXi.  M.,  C,  P, 
A.,  Ex-Secretary  Illinois  State  Board  of 
Accountancy  and  other  members  of  the 
American   Institute  of  Accountants. 

Under  the  thorough  coaching  of  these 
experts  you  will  be  thoroug'hly  drilled  in 
t'he  underlying  principles  of  modern  Busi- 
ness Analj'sia  and  Organization,  Account- 
ing, Auditing.  Cost  Accounting.  Commer- 
cial Law  and  Financial  Managemen.t.  La- 
Salle  accountancy  training  will  qualify  you 
to  pass  the  C,  P.  A.  examinations  to  hold 
an  executive  position,  or  to  enter  business 
as  an  Expert  Consulting  Accountant. 
Memberahip  also  includes  free  use  of  our 
Consulting  Service,  which  brings  advice 
Avhenever  needed  on  special  business  prob- 
lems. No  large  fees;  no  large' amount  to 
jjay  down.  This  instruction  is  offered  on 
a    convenient   monthly    payment   plan. 

Send  the  Coupon 

Send  today  for  information  about  thia 
course  which  haa  helped  so  many  men  to 
rise.  The  coupon  will  also  bring  our  val- 
uaWe  book,  "Ten 
Years'  Promotion  In 
One."  Writa  for 
your  copy  now. 
It's   free. 


LaSALLE  EXTENSION  UNIVERSITY,  Dept.  23 IG-H,  Chicago, III. 

"TTie  'WorWs  Greatest  Exteiision  University" 
Without  oo6t  or  obligation  on  my  part,  please  send  me  particulars  re- 
garding youi  Extension  Course  of  Training  in  Higher  Accounting  and 
your  Consulting  Serriue.    Also  a  copy  of  ycmi  valuable  Iwols  for  aim- 
bitious  men,    "Ten.  Years'  Promotion  in  One." 

Present  Position , 


Address . 


35 


Could  You  Write 
a  $35,000  Letter? 


'What  man  In  our  employ  -wrote  this  letiter?" 
asked  the  president.     "It  has  brought  us  $35,000 

■worth   of    r-ow    business.      It   Is     a     mastorpiece a 

letter  that  is  a  credit  to  our  house  and  shows  rare 
skill  on  the  part  of  the  writer.  I  wiah  more  oif 
our  employees  could   write   letters   like   tftiJs  one." 

The    man    wtho    -wrote     tihe     $35,000     letter    Is 
now  suipervisor  of  the  firm's  entire  correspondence. 

His  weekly  salary  is  written  in  three  fig-ures.    His  ability  as  a  letter  writer  has  made 

him  the  "letter  executive"  at  the  ooncern. 


A  New  Profession 


Business  men  (ha-re  recently  aiwakened  to  ithe  supreme  Importance  of  Effective 
letters  in  business.  AnotJher  rich  field  has  been  opened  for  the  man  or  woman  af 
specialized  tiaining.  It  is  a  lamentable  fact  that  the  art  of  successful  letter-writing 
has  (been  so  little  underetood  or  heeded  by  the  average  business  man  or  employee. 
Many  executives  openly  ackno-wledge  their  deficiencies  In  this  respect  and  are  willing 
to  have  their  letters  supervised  by  am.  expert  correspondent. 

to  work  and    toVd    to    rnabs    soanetlhine.        Yon 
deal  witJi  actual  cases  lifted  from  the  eKperienoe 

The  LaSalte  O^  in  Business  I^tt^ -Writing   ^^ai^K^i^' Ukr&-»ade''Se*1^Jif  ip'ioS'^ 


Learn  by  Mail 


is  for  you.     If  you  are  a  business  man,   employer 
or    employee,    you    need    it.        Business    houses 


everywhere    are    calling    for   men    who    can    write    non!  tlheoiretiaa.1  caeea. 


of  a   progreesivie   business   institution.      You   learn 
to    handle    important    busiaess    martens — typical. 


letters  that  ibring  sales  at  lowest  cost — lettere 
that  collect  imoney  from  the  etulbbom  d«totOT — 
letters  that  open  new  accouaitfl — ^letters  that  help 
the  trade— leittera  that  sKlifully  bandie  ccnnplaints 


Mail  the  Coupon  Now 

WhaieTer    your    position    in    business   may    be, 
send     for    Information     about     thlis     remarkable 

.letterB__amt  buy  good  wiU  or  pave  the  »,ay  for    ^-^  '^SnseTi^^  ^^^l^tt^^^^  a^d°hi^^ 

saJaoeri  busiaeas  cowegpomd-enrts  tihaxnieh  tJue  new 


the  saksmen.  □,„.„,  „»^  ^^,^ 

There   are  a  hnndlred  different  ways  in  wliich    ijaiSalle  plan. 


you  can  use  forceful  letters  to  build  profits  and 
prestige   in   busin'ees, 


Serai  tor  a  f<ree  copy  of  oiur  i'UiMtrated  book 
'whicfli  !t)€'llB  tihe  Brt»ry  compleite  amd  elboiWB  the 
opporbunities  Whitaii  are  open  to  tauined  men  and 
women,  thiwiglh  th^is  new  de-veLopmont  in  business. 
The  coupon  (belaw  -willl  ibring  -bhe  book  and  aU  tihe 
The  only  -svay  to  ibecoane  a  skilled  letter-writer  ijacta  -witihout  airay  ablifpatioa  on  your  part, 
is    by    'WRITING    lettere,    comparing    your    -worts  "      ' 


Train  by  the  "Case"  System. 


See  page  3^ 
record    of 
Salle     Stud 


nent    organ 
zations. 


with  master  letters  and  getting  criticism  by  mas- 
ter letter-writers.  TJnder  the  LaSalle  plan  you 
learn  to  do  by  DOaNG.  This  is  the  first  and 
only       correspondence     course     in     letter-writing  j     /.^      j 

which   has  made   a   thorooigh   application   of   the    aid     Grad 
"Case"    method.     It    follows    closely    the    famous     With       protnl 
method    used    in    noted    UnJTereity    Law   Schools. 
The  system  is  analogous  to  the  laiboratory  method 
whereby  you  are  given  certain  things  with  which 

LA  SALLE  EXTENSION  UNIVERSITY 

"The  World's  Greatest  Extension  University 
Deot.  231 6-BLW.  Chicago,  lUinois. 

Without  cost  or  obligation  on  my  part,  please  send  me  particulars  regarding  your 
ne-w  Home-Training  Course  and  Service  In  Business  IiOtter  Writing. 

Name i  •  o  .  .  .  -. ' '. 

Present  Position 

Address 

36 


3VIAKC  ANTONY  DELIVERING  THE  ORATION  OVER  CAESAR. 

CAESAR'S  name  has  stood  throug-h  all  the  ages  as  the  embodiment  of  im- 
perial power.  His  untimely  end  after  reaching  the  pinnacle  of  earthly 
glory  is  one  of  the  great  tragedies  of  Ihiatory.  The  greatest  tragedy  in  all  human  history  w 
the  gieat  European  War.  .Ml  the  urKlerlving  causes  of  this  conflict,  the  racial  antii>aU)ie8.  tne 
commercial  rivalriea,  the  stins  of  past  defeats,  the  Tanlting  ambitions  for  World  Empire  may  be 
discerned  from  the  pages  of  history.  The  one  great  history  of  every  Emfiire.  Kingdom.  Prmcipality 
and  Power,  from  the  begirniiig  of  civilization  to  the  present,  is  the  great  publication. 


DE.  RIDPATH  is  universally  recognized  as  America's  gireiaitest  histoirian.  Other 
men  have  written  historie.s  of  one  nation  or  period;  Gibbon  of  Rome,  Macaulay 
■of  England.  Guizo't  of  France,  but  it  remained  for  Dr.  Ridpath  to  write  a  history  of 
the  entire  World  from  the  earliest  civilization  down  to  the  present,  we  offer  the 
latest  ■edition,  brand  new.     down  to  date,  beautifuilly  bound  in  lia.lt  moroccg^ 


WE  •will  name  our  special  low  nrice  and  easy  terms  of  t)av- 
ment  only  In  direct  letters.    A  coupon  far  your  convenience 
is    printed    on   the    lower  .corner    of    this    advertisement.       Tear 
off   the    coupon,    write    your    name    and    address    plainly 
and  mail  now.    Out  plan  of  sale  enables  us  to  shSo  di- 
rect from  fnctor.v  to  customer  on  approval  and  miaian- 
tee-  satisfaction.    We  employ  no   agents,   nor  do   we  ,'-ell 
through    book   stores,    so    there    is   no    agents'    com 
missi'on  to  pay.       Mail   the  coupon  now  before  you 
forget  it.    The  sample  pages  are  free.  _^  ^^ 

32-Page  Booklet  FlIE 

WE  will  mail  you  32  free  sample  pages  with- 
out obligation  on  your  pa/rt  to  buy.    These 
will   give   you   some   idea   of   the  splend'id 
illustrations  and  the  wonderfully  beauti- 
ful  style   in    which    the   work   is   written, 
Y'ou  can  pupohaise  thiie  gireat  work'  at 
the    lowest    price    ever    offered    and 
pay  for  it  in  small  sums  monthly. 


Six  Thousand  Years, 
of  History 

RIDPATH  takes  you 
back  to  the  dawn 
of  history,  long  nefore 
the  Pyramids  of  Egypt 
were  built;  down  through  the/ 
ro^Tnantic  ■troubled  times  of' 
Chaldea's  grandeur  and  As- 
syria's ma^ificence;  of  Bab- 
ylonia's OTBfllth  and  luxwry; 
of  Greeh  and  Roman  splen- 
dor; of  Mohammedan  culture- 
and  refinement,  to  the  dawn^ 
of  yesterday.  He  covei* 
every  i-ace,  every  nation,, 
every  time  and  holds  you 
Bpell'bound  by  his  vfonderful 
elouuence.  Mail  the  coupon. 

Western  Newspaper  Asso. 

I  Chicago 


Western 

Newspaper 
Association 
'.  X  ■!•*''  S,  Dearborn 
■rv/  St.,  Chicago,  III. 
r\'"^Pleasa  mail  32  free 
^/^sample  pages  o  f 
■  'jRidpath's  History  of 
,  the  World,  containing  pic 
.  'tures  of  Napoleon,  Caesar  and 
,  other  great  characters.  Map  of 
,  European  War  Zone,  and  write 
y&e  full  particulars  of  your  special 
"offer   to   World  Almanac   readers. 


BIAIL  THIS  COCFONi 


^EIDER  TRACTORS 


12-20 
-16 


Burns  Kerosene  or  Gasoline. 


11  YEARS'  ACTUAL  FIELD  WORK 

THE  HEIDER  is  a  standard  four-wheel,  four-cylinder 
tractor,  burns  kerosene  successfully  and  is  backed  by  11  years 
of  actual  field  work. 


It  is  a  modern  power  plant  that 
will  pull  your  disc,  drill,  harrow, 
seeder,  binder,  hay  tools,  wagons, 
etc.,  and  when  plowing  the  12-20 
pulls  three  bottoms  and  the  9-16 
two   bottoms. 

The   Heider   also    furnishes  belt 


power  to  operate  your  grain  sep- 

-  A  Post  Card  Will  Bring  Newest  Heider  Catalog- 


arator,  silo  fiUei-,  corn  sheller, 
cream  separator,  washing  machine, 
wood  saw,  etc.  It's  -a  Real  AU- 
Purpose  Tractor. 

Special  Friction  Transmission, 
less  gears,  less  expense,  7  speeds 
forward,  7  reverse — traction  speed 
1  to  4  miles  per  hour — heavy  duty 
Waukesha  motoi-. 


-Sen*  for  if. 


J 


Rock  Island  Line  of  Farm  Tools  Includes: 


v 


Plows 
Engines 
Hay  Rakes 
Hay  Loaders 


Drills  Planters  Litter  Carriers 

Discs  Seeders  Cultivators 

Wagons  Drags  Spreaders 

Buggies  Gears  Cream  Separators 


Rock    Island   Tractor    Plows    and^Tractor   Disc   Harrows 
Vy  "Farmers    Catalog  Sent   on   Request"  ^ 

ROCK    ISLAND    PLOW   COMPANY 


Factory  and  General  Offices, 


720  Second  Ave.,  Rock  Island,  III. 


38 


CONSTRUCTION  work  of  all  kinds, 
mining,  oil  drilling  and  operating:, 
farming,  manufacturing  and  lum- 
bering, in  fact  wherever  dependable 
power  is  required  there  is  a  pl:ice 
for  Novo  Gasoline  or  Kerosene  Eu- 
g'ines  and  Outfits. 

Novo  Gasoline  or  Kerosene  En- 
g-ines  will  .run  any  machine  below 
twenty  H.  P.  easily  and  economi- 
cally. 

The  Novo  line  of  outfits  include 
Hoisting  Outfits,  Diaphragm,  Cen- 
trifugal, Medium  and  High  Pressure 
and  Triplex  Pumping  Outfits,  Air 
Compressor  Outfits,  Saw  Rigs:  A 
combination  for  every   reauii'ement. 

75  typesi  and  sizes  of  Outfits  eauioned 
WJtli  Novo  Enerines.  Ooerates  with 
gasoline,,  Iterosene,  distillate,  natural 
or  ai-tificial  ffas. 

NOVO   ENGINE    CO. 
Clarence  E.  Bement. Vice-Pres.  t Gen.Mgr. 
Factoiy  and  Main  Office.  Lansingr.  Mich. 


Novo  Type  D.   H. 
Hoisting     Outfit. 


Novo      Type      U 
Pumping    Outfit. 


Novo    Imperial    Air 
Compressor  Outfit. 

39 


Novo   Rip   and    Swing 
Cut-Off  Saw  Rig. 


•iCTRIC 


'fiadiaatOriU 

Thrttttttl 


Operates  from  any  lamp  socket;  bolls, 
broils,  fries  and  toasts  either  above  or 
below  the  glowing  colls.  Performs  s.ny 
two  operations  at  same  time  at  cur- 
rent cost  of  one.  Has  three-heats; 
food  may  be  started  cooking  on  High 
heat  and  finished  on  Medium  or  Cow; 
saves  current.  Furnished  with  two 
dishes  and  cover,  which  serves  as  re- 
flector or  griddle. 
Dia.  7'A-inch PRICE 


.H&milton-JBeach.R&cihe 


Here  is  the  greatest  little  wonder  worker 
ever  invented  for  the  woman  who  sews. 
Fits  any  sewing  machine  (new  or  old)  and 
immediately  converts  it  Into  an  electri- 
cally operated  labor-saver..  Eliminates 
all  foot  pedaling  and  enables  any  woman 
to  do  all  of  her  sewing  without  getting 
the   least   bit  tired. 


PRICE 


$19«s  V 


Portable 


Electric  Lantern 


Guaranteed 

Electric  Irons 


Gives    powerful    light.      Furnished 

with     two      dry      batteries.        Light 

weight-       Very      hardy    around     the 

home,  farm  or  camp.  ^Q  AA 

PRICE  VW»VV 


The  iron  with  the  hot  point,  cool 
handle  and  attached  stand.  Heat- 
ing element  guaranteed  for  ten 
years.  Highly  polished  nickel  fin- 
ish. Furnished  complete  with  eight 
feet    cord   and    attachment   plug. 


3  lb.  Iron, 

5  and  6  lb.  Iron,  $6. 


AlPBA  ELECTRIC  CO-,  INC.,  116-118  W.  29th  St.,  N.Y.C. 

40 


"Pour  years  ago  you  and  I  worked  at  the  same  bench.  We  were  both  discon- 
tented. Remember  the  noon  we  saw  the  International  Correspondence  Schools' 
advertisement?  That  woke  me  up.  I  realized  that  to  get  ahead  I  needed  special 
training,  and  I  decided  to  let  the  I.C.S.  help  me.  _  When  I  marked  the  coupon  I 
asked  you  to  sign  v/ith  me.     You  said,  'Aw,  forget  it!' 

"I  made  the  most  of  my  opportunity  and  have  been  climbing  ever  since.    You 
had  the  same  chance  I  had,  but  you  turned  it  down.    No,    Jim,  you  can't  expect 
more  money  until  you've  trained  your- 
self to  handle  bigger  work."  | — p-jtear  out  here 

International  Correspondence  Schools 
Box  4392,  Scranton,  Pa. 

FMsse  explain,  without  ubllgatlag  me,  how  I  can  qualiiy 
lot  the  position  before  which  I  maik  X. 


There  are  lots  of  "Jims"  in  the 
world — in  stores,  factories,  offices, 
everywhere.  Are  you  one  of  them? 
Wake  up!  Eviery  time  you  see  an 
I.C.S.  coupon  your  chance  is  staring 
you  in  the  face.    Don't  turn  it  down. 

Right  now  over  one  hundred 
thousand  men  are  preparing  them- 
selves for  bigger  jobs  and  better  pay 
through  I.C.S.  Courses.  You  can 
join  them  and  get  in  line  for  promo- 
tion. 

Mark  and  Mail  This  Coupon, 
and  Find  Out  How 


D  ADVERTISING  MAN 

n  Salesman 

n  Commercial  Law 

D  BUSINESS 

Q  Certilied  Piilj.  Accouuiant 

n  Bookkeeper 

n  Stenographer 

n  ILLUSTRATOR 

D  Window  Trimmer 

D  Show-Card  Writer 

n  Civil  Service 

D  TEACHER 

D  Common  School  Subjects 

Q  MECHANICAL  KNtilNKtn 

n  Mechanical  Draftsman 

D  CHEMIST 


a  EliECTIlICAt  ENGIKKER 
D  Electrician 

□  Electric  Cars 

n  Telegraph  Engineer 
n  Practical  Telephony 
D  Railroader 
D  ARCHIIECT 
D  Contractor  &  Builder 
D  CIVIL  ENGINEER 
n  Surveying  &  Mapping 
n  STEAM  ENGINEER 
n  MINING  ENGINEER 

□  Metallurgist 

n  AGRICULTURE 

□  Poultry  Raising 
D  AUTOMOBILES 


Name  - 

Street 
Si  No.. 


City. 
41 


.State_ 


a  ■B^iM*  ns  (M*  B  H  •■ 


"Ba^^Bt     I  mBI— WMiiwwBai  I  I  I  n*m 


»BO^'"»IB     I        ■< 


Bi  Efficient  Maclime 


MONOTYPE 


Is  the  one  that  produces  a 
maximum  of  salable  out- 
pu,t  at  minimum  cost 

THE  MONOTYPE,  judged  by  this 
standard,  is  the  most  efficient  machine 
that  ever  entered  a  printing  office 

THE  MONOTYPE  reduces  the  cost 
of  composition  by  its  wonderful  adapt- 
ability to  all  classes  of  work  and  its 
great  versatility,  which  make  it  con- 
tinuously productive 

THE  MONOTYPE  reduces  compos- 
ing-room costs  by  eliminating  the 
greatest  of  them  aU — the  time  wasted 
in  distribution 

THE  MONOTYPE  is  not  only  effi- 
cient itself,  but  it '  makes  the  whole 
composing  room  more  efficient  by  sup- 
plying abundance  of  material  for  the 
hand  workers,  so  that  they  can  work 
continuously 

THE  MONOTYPE  is  not  only  con- 
tinuously productive,  but  it  also  makes 
the  whole  composing  room  contin- 
uously productive 

THE  MONOTYPE  is  the  greatest  ad- 
vance in  printing  office  equipment  ever 
offered  the  crafty  and  its  invention 
marks  the  beginnmg  of  the  era  of  true 
printing  office  efficiency 

THE  MONOTYPE  benefits  extend  to 
the  pressroom,  where  they  make  big 
savings  in  makeready  time 


LANSTON  MONOTYPE 

MACHINE  COMPANY 

PHILADELPHIA 

New  York  Boston 

Chicago  Toronto 

Monotype  Company  of  California,  San  Francisco 


194 

tjlW  — MP"      I    W— If    ■    ■  »■— 


/ 


This  advertisement  is  composed  in  Monotype  Nos.  8A  and  158  Series  and  Monotype  Border  and  Rulo 

42 


PATENTS 


TRADE    MARx 
COPYRIGHTS  PRO. 
SECURED. 


Special  Offer— Free  Opinion  as  to  Patentability     . 

Send  us  a  model  or  sketch  and  description  of  your  invention  and  we  wti 
inform  you  if  in  our  opinion  it  is  palentaible.  If  wo  report  the  invention  patent- 
able we  will  send  you  our  signed  certificate  to  that  effect. 

This  Certificate  will  pro- 
tect the  inventor  and 
serve  as  proof  of  the  in- 
vention until  the  case  can 
be  filed  in  the  U.  S.  Patent 
Office. 

OBTAINING    ASSISTANCE  FOB 
IJJVENTORiS 

Our  certificate  is  of  great  assistance  to 
Inventors  who  require  financial  aid  to 
obtain    oatents. 

OUK    BOOKS   MAILED    FUfiE     . 

to  any  address.  Send  for  these  books — 
the  finest  publications  ever  issued  for 
free   distribution. 

HOW    TO    OBTAIN    A    PATENT 

Our  illustrated  eighty-page  Guide  Book 
is  a  book  of  leference  for  inventors,  and 
contains  100  mechanical  movement.')  i)- 
lustrated    and    described. 

WHAT    TO    INVENT 

Contains  a  valuable  MST  OF  INVEN- 
TIONS WANTED  and  suggestions  con- 
cerning profitable  fields  of  invention;  alKC 
information  regarding  prizes  offered  rfoi 
inventions,  amounting  to  ONE  iMlHilON 
DOELAKS 

BULLETIN  OF  PATENT  BUVEKS 

Contains  letters  from  ouir  clients  who 
Biave  built  up  profitable  enterprises  found- 
ed upon  patents  procured  by  us;  indorse- 
ments from  prominent  inventors  and  man- 
ufacturers; also  srives  valuable  information 
regarding  the  sale-  and   placine  of   patents. 


VICTOR  BUILDING 

Our  new  S200.000  building  opposite  U,  -S.  Patent 
Office  SPECIALLY  ERECTED  b.v  us  for 
OUR  own  use. 
FOREIGN   PATENTS 
WE     HAVE     DIRECT     AGENCIES    IN     ALL 
THE    PRINCI.PAL   FiQREIGN    COUNTRIES   and 
secure   FOREIGN   PATENTS  in   the  shortest  pos- 
sible TIME  and   at   tlie   LOWEST   COST.     Wiite 
for  our  Illustrated  Guide  Book  on  Foreign  Patents, 
sent  free  to  any  address. 


Wanted  Ideas 


,  LIST  OF  PATENT  BUYERS  contains  requests  from  MANU- 
FACTURERS and  PROMOTERS  for  patents  secured  by  us,  and 
suggestions  as  to  New  Ideas  they  wish  to  purchase. 

WE    ADVERTISE    OUR    CLIENTS'  REFERENCES 

INVENTIONS     FREE  Onion  Savings  Bank.  Washington.  D.   C. 

in    a  list   of   Sunday   newspapers,  -manufacturers'  Cliamber  of  vjommerce,  vVasliington,  D.  C, 

journals    and    in    the    World's    Piiogress.      Sample  Pitner  Gasoline  Lighting  Co..  Cliicago,  111. 

Copy    Free.      We   save    you   tinne    and   money    in  R,  G.  Dun  &  Co..  Wasliington.  D.  C. 

securing  ipatents.     After  tihe  patent  is  granted  we  Smetihpnrt  Glass  Co.,   Smethport,   Pa 

assist  you  TO  SELL  TOUR   PATENT.  The  M^lTin  Gauge  and  Signal  Co.,   Scranton.   Pa, 

VICTOR    J.    EVANS    &    CO. 

United  States  and  Foreign  Patents 

New    York   Offices:  Pittsbnrsh  Office: 

1001-10O7  Woolworth  Blder.  514   Empire   Bldjr. 

Main  Offices:  776  Ninth  Street, 

43 


Plilladelphia  Offices'. 
142»  Chestnut  St. 


WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 


THIS    MAN 


GOIjD  MEDAI>  (Hiehest 
Award) .  Queen  Mary's  Con- 
valescent Auxiliary  HosDi- 
tal  Association  iExbibit, 
Loodon.   !EnK.«  JDly<   1915. 


GOLD  MEDAl.  (Hiffbest 
Award)  Panama-Pacific 
International  ExpositioOj 
San  Francisco.  CaJ.<  and 
Pan  an3  a -California  Exposi- 
tion. San  Oiesro.  Cal.>  1915. 


DOES  THESE  THINGS 


NA/ITH    CARIMES   ARMS 


Worid-wide  recoenition  of  the  nsefnlness  of  the  Carncs  Arm  is  shown  by  ihe  fa«5t 
^at  we  have  sold  them  in  erery  State  in  the  U.  S.  A.,  every  orovinoe  of  Canada.  _m 
finelaud.  trance.  Itaiv.  Holland.  Denmark.  Belsriujm.  Philinoine  Islands.  Malay  Penm- 
sula.  Arerentine.  ChUi,  Peru.  S.  A..  Africa.  Australia.  Cuba.  New  Zealand.  Porto  Kico. 
Mexico  and  Hawaii. 

It  is  THE  Artificial  Arm  that  you  do  work  with,  without  the  assistance  of  repulsive 
lookine:  Hooks  and  accessories.  You  use  the  finders,  bend  the  wrist  and  elbow.  Krasn 
articles.  can*v  objects,  write,  use  telenhones.  run  automobile^  nlow.  shovel,  hoe.  Ditch 
hay,  husk  corn,  rmi  sewins:  machine,  crochet,  do  fancy  work,  etc. 

x.^    V**'  Cames  Arm  may  be  made  to  fit  any  amnutation.  from  the  loss  of  only  T>art  of 
Che  hand  to  the  entire  loss  of  the  shoulder. 

Catalog  B  IS,  showing-  men  and  women  with  various  amputations*  using  the  arm* 
,sent  on   request.     Full  instructions  for  taking  cast   and  measrurements  fwr  eendlng  in, 
orders  by  mail  in  catalog. 

Carnes  Artificial  Limb  Company 

HOME  OFFICE  and  FACTORY:  904  East  12th  St..  Kansas  City.  Mo. 


NEW  YORK  OmCE 

^„^i**..*^^"*""*°  Bids.,  1183  Broadway. 
CHICAGO  OFFICE: 

e2«    New    York    Life    Bid  If..    La    Salle 

and  Monroe   Streets. 
PITTSBURGH    OFFICE:  ' 

■       703  Arrott  Bldg.,  Wood  &  Fourth  St«. 
TORONTO    OFFICE: 

eio   Lumsden    Bldg.,    Cor.    Yon^e    and 

Adelaide   Streets. 

Cable   Address; 
44 


.LONDON     OFMCEt 

Care  of  Queen  Mary's  ConvalescentAux- 
iUary  Hospital,  Boehampton,  London, 
England. 

PARIS  OFFICE :  ^  ^   .       . 

'Core  of  Hotel  do  France  &  Choisedd,  339 
ruo  St.  Honore. 

AUSTRALIAN    OFFICE: 

Care  of  Military  Hospital  No,  11,  Caul- 
field.  Victoria,  Australia, 
*<CARNARM." 


^^^S*-"--. 


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:  ^'t 


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A"-''' 


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¥ 


4 


To-day's  opportunities   for  men  who  know   how 
to  sell  are  bigger  and  broader  than  ever  before. 

Industries  must  maintain  their  output  and  sell 
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treatment  of  the  selling  irame  ever  published.  Over  1,400 
pages  of  instructions  present  in  easily  understood  form  valu- 
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Our  spare  time  Home  Study  Instruction  Course  and  our  Free 
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Ct¥llglERI^i 


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Appointed  Rural  L 

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ment  a  few  days  ago  , 
an  R.  F.  D.  Carriei 
from  the  office  named 
above,  having  made  the 
highest  grade  (90.60)  in 
the  exam,  of  about  25 
applicants.  Besides  this 
I  also  stand  No.  1  on 
the  Carrier  register  at 
Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
with  a  grade  of  89.50, 
and  No.  1  on  the  P.  O. 
register  at  Athens, 
Tenn.,  with  a  grade  of 
90.20.  I  know  I  would 
not  have  done  so  well 
had  it  not  been  for  your 
instructipn. — William  D. 
Conner.  Shepherd.  Tenn. 


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47 


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49 


Welfare    Work    of 


.  riE  NORMYL  ASSOCIATION 

To  Promote  the  Use  of  The  Normyl  Remedy  for  Alcoholism  and 

Drug  Habits. 


President, 
Miss  Sara  Graham-iUulhall 


Vice-President, 
Mrs.  Philip  M.  Lydig 

Treasurer, 
Mr.  George  Chase 

Directors, 

Mrs.  Lorillard 

Miss  Mary  Moore  Orr 

-  — -ttoiULcary  Secretary, 
Rev.  Percy  Stickney  Grant,  D.  D. 


foreword 

To  be  normal — that  is 
the  birthright  of  every 
man.  If  you  have  lost 
yourself — that  self  that 
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alert  with  possiiilities 
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man. 


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Free  Yourself  from 
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Cable,     Normyl,      Newyork^ 

Telephone  Sluyvesant 

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<tnu  Doay  i^esiroying  ^^j.   g^^^^y^   ,,.^^   recognition    of 

the  devotion  of  time,  money 
and  personal  service  in  bumani- 
tarian    achievement." 


Habits 


with  the  Normyl  Remedy,  which  is  now  prescrilbed  in  England  by  over 
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The  Normyl  Remedy  is  a  nerve  tonic  which  'builds  up  and  restores  the 
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is  only  for  extreme  oases,  where  a  person's  condition  ia  such  that  he  needs 
careful  supervision  during  every  stage  in  th©  use  of  the  remedy;  this  can  be 
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which  desicritoes  our  remedy  and  treatment,  contains  letters  of  indorsement 
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THE  NORMYL  ASSOCIATION  OFTHE  U.  S. 
1  Union  Squara  -  -  -  New  York  City 

50 


THE ~ 

Commercial  Travelt. 
Mutual  Accident 
Association  of  America 

UTICA        -        -        N.  Y. 

HENRY  D.  PIXLEY  H.  E.  TREWETT 

President  Sec.-Treas. 

^  DIRECTORS: 
Russell  H.  Wicks  Everett  F.  Crumb  John  R.  Lewis 

Theo.  M.  Glatt  , George  A.  Tyler  Jesse  E.  Jones 

We  accept  for  membership  the  following  classes  of  business  men: 


Traveling.  .Wliolesale  Salesmen 

Traveling.  .Wholesale   BuYei;s 

Traveling,  .Fire  Adjusteis 

Traveling.  .Auditors 

Traveling.  .Appraisers 

Traveling.  .Wholesale  City  Salesmen 

To  this  class  of  risks  we  give  the 


Traveling.  .Bank  Examiners 
Traveling.  .Government  Inspectors 
Tr.^veling.  .Freight  Age^nts 
Traveling.  .Passenger  Agents 
Traveling.  .Bond  Salesmen, 


very  best  Accident  Insurance  at  the 
lowest  possible  cost, 

BENEFITS: 

Total  Weekly  Indemnity   (104  Weeks) $25.00 

Partial  Weekly  Indemnity   (28  Weeks) 12.50 


For  Loss  of  Life !..    $5,000 

And  if  loss  of  life  shall  have 
resulted  from  an  accident 
which  occurred  to  the  mem- 
ber while  riding  on  a  steam 
railroad  as  a  passenger  on  a 
passenger  train  a-nd  inside  a 
passenger  car  thereof;  which 
car  or  train  was  moved  by 
steam  power  or  electricity  at 
the*  steam     railroad's     ter- 


For  Loss  of  Both  Arms $5,000 

For  Loss  of  Both  Legs 5,000 

For  Loss  of  One  Arm  and  One 

Leg    •••    5,000 

Loss  of  Both  Eyes 5,000 

Loss  of  One  Eye l.iioO 

Loss  of  One > Arm.  . .  .  .  .2.500 

Loss  of  One  Leg 2,500 


minal  only.. 10,000 

Assessments  are  $2.00  each,  and  the  greatest  number  sent  out  in 
any  year  has  been  four,  making  the  highest  cost  (mcludmg  the  An- 
nual Dues  at  $1.00)   Nine  Dollars.     Entrance  fee  $2.00. 


Sec.-Treas. 


51 


l^ilBiM 


y/.l 


You  know  that  Vibration  means  new  life,  power,  health, 
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to  devise  a  hand  vibrator  that  would  be  absolutely  satisfac- 
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women  and  men  evervwTiero  have  literally  "made  themselves  over",  and  how^mplv 
you  can.     If  you  are  wealc.  mentally  and  physically  depressed,  and  '^ 

are  not  100%  efficient  and  gettin-er  every^-hing  out  of  life,  you  should 
aot  waste  a  minute  isending  for  it. 

Commonwealth  Electric  Mfg.  Co.;  60O1  Kjalto  Bids:.,  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
CLIP  THIS  COUPON  NOW!  Your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon,  or  on 
a  POST  CARD  brings  yon  FREE,  the  Vital  Imipnlse  (book  and  complete  details 
of  our  apprgval  offer.         Send   for   them   right   now,  toefore  you  turn  this  page. 


Commonwealth  Electric  >Iifg.Co..6001  Kialto  Bidg..  St.  I1OUIS.M0. 

.  Send  facts  about  youi'   Sriecial  Approval  Offer  of  Vita^pulser,   also  send 
PBBB,  remarkable  book,    vital  Impulse. 

(Name 

Street    and   iNo 

City State 


52 


BEAUTY 

Wn.T.  RE  YOURS 


L 


The  Superb  Burlington  Watch  —  adjusted  to  posi- 
tions, adjusted  to  temperature  and  adjusted  to  isochronism 

now  at  the  direct  rock-bottom  price  —  the  same  price  that  even 
the  wholesale  jeweler  must  pay  us — and  in  order  to  encourage  everybody  to 
secure  this  watch  at  once,  pay  this  rock-bottom  price,  either  for  cash  or 
$2.50  a  month  on  this  great  special  offer.  We  send  the  watch  to  you  on 
approval.  You  risk  nothing  —  you  pay  nothing,  not  one  cent,  unless  you 
want  this  exceptional  offer  after  seeing  and  thoroughly  inspecting  the  watch. 

in 

The  triumphs  of  master  goldsmiths  are  yours  to  choose 

from  on  this  great  special  offer.  Write  today  for  catalog  and  see 
the  handsome  illustrations  in  full  color.  Notice  especially  the  Inlay  Enamel 
Monograms,  Block  and  Ribbon  Monograms,  Diamond  Set,  Lodge, 
French  Art  and  Dragon  Designs,  etc.,  ate.  Open  face  or  hunting  case, 
ladies^  or  gentlemen'' s  12  and  16  sizes. 


Send  for  Our  Free 
Watcli  Book 


Burlington   Watch  Co. 

19th  St  and  Marshall  BWd- 
Dept.  3401  Chicago,  ni. 

Please  send  me.  witbout  obliga- 


Get    the 

Burlington 

Watch  Book  by  sending  this  coupon  now. 

You  will  know  a  lot  more  about  watch     ^  tion  (and  prepaid),  your  free  book 

buying  when  you  read  it.     Learn  the    /   »"  '^**'=''«\  ^".^  ,^?'L^''?'^^^ni?h 
•      -T        ^      .  1       i  i  I  •  /Of    your    cash    or    $2.50    a    month 

mside     facts     about     watch     prices.     /  offer  on  the  Burlington  Watch. 

Get  this  offer  while  it  lasts. 

BURLINGTON    WATCH    COMPANY 

19th    St.    and    Marshall    Bonlevarrt, 

a>eT>t.  3401.  Chicago,  111.    Canadian  Office. 
S'SS  Portage  Ave..  Winnipeg.  Manitotia 


Name 


Address 
53 


ENJOY  YOUR  NIGHTS  WHEN  CAMPING  OUT 

"PERFECTION"  SLEEPING  BAGS  with  PNEUMATIC  MATTRESSES 

emlbrace    evei7   desiraible   featui'e;    are   watprproof,    rot   and   Termia  proof  and  will 
withstand   hardest  usage;    can  be   inflated  in  a  tew  minutes  or 
deflated   and   rolled    in   a   small   bundle  instantly. 

A  Boon   to  tlie  Camper  and  a'ouiins:  Autpmobilist. 

Indispensable,  to  yacht  «nd  motor-boat  equipment. 
Endorsed  and  used   by   well  known   sportsmen   and   explorers. 

Send  for  Catalogue  W 
of  guaranteed  mattresses 
for  home,  camp,  yacht 
and    automobile. 


^^Pneomatic  Manufacturing  Co. 

WfiEIP"^      lao  Atlantic  Ave,.  Brooklyn.  N.  T. 


Old  Town  Canoes 


Recreation     Sport    Health 

Old    Towns    are    the    master 
canoes  for  sDort  or  pleasure. 
They  will  carry  you  swlltly 
where  the  huntin.gr  and  fish- 
ine  are  best.    Built  to  last — 
liKht.   swift,   beautiful.     You    L'f 
can     always     count    on     the    P^V*--* 
staunchness    and    safety    ol    r  '-" 
an     Old     Town.        Sold     by     "' 
dealers    every wheie. 

Write-  for    cataloe    showing 
latest  models 

OLD    TOWN    CANOB    CO.. 
Middle  St..  Old  Tonn.  Me. 


Fishermen! 

m  H  Y    pay 

' '  "Dig  i3!noe9 
for  lines  when 
yoi.1  can  get  an 
"  03PR(EY  " 
for  less  money? 
"  OSPBEY  " 
lines  are 
iiam«d  after 
tbait  wonder- 
ful "fi*ef" 
s  0  on  e  t  iraes 
called  the 
"  F  I  S  H  - 
HAW  K." 
"  OSPK.EY  " 
is  tlie  Bird  for  you.  lit  wiHl  Iiold  any  "Fislh 
it  hooks  onto."  "OSPRBY"  lines  ai-e  made 
from  the  finest  silk  obtainable,  aire  water- 
proofed 'by  om-  special  process,  -irtiiah  .ajbso- 
lutely  prei-ents  rotting  and  which  makes  the 
lin«9  so  emiooth  tiliat  tliey  sihoot.  tiliim  the 
guides  like  greased  ligbt'ning,  and  with  less 
effort  than  required  wi^tih  other  lines.  'It  \vill 
outlast  any  linen  or  silk  line  miade.  and  is  the 
only  line  with  the  guaranteed  '*No  fish  can 
break  'eui"  and  to  last  for  an  entire  season. 
Put  up  in  oO-yard  Sipiools — ojnneoted  if  de- 
sired. I'S-'POUind  test.  $1.00;  20-lb  ,  $1.15; 
'23-lb  $1  25.  For  musoallonge  and  troillinig, 
26-]ib.!  $1.3'5;  SO-lb.,  $1  50.    Waibe  todiay. 

Lois.  J.  Epplnger 

Fisherman 
68 E.  Congress  St,  Dept.W.  Detroit,  Mich. 


No.  100 


The  Jungle  Insect  Proof  Head  Net 

Made  from  imported  lace,  non-slip  knots, 
metallic  cloth  front  with  hinged  cover  open- 
ing front  of  mouth.  No  cloth  used  around 
neclf  which  keeps  air  out.  Very  cool  and 
"  compact,  absolutely  midge  proof. 
No.  101  same  as  No.  100.  onLv  mosaoito  bar.  in 
wlace  of  lace.  «1.00. 

H  J.  FROST  &  CO.,  91  CtiamDers  St ,  N.  Y.  C. 

Manufacturers  of  Fishing  Tackle. 


54 


Right  Now  Is  Your  Opportunity  to  Get  Into 
the  Greatest  Industry  the  World  Has  Ever  Known. 

Automobiles,  Motor  Trucks,  Farm  Tractors 

Learn  in  Detroit,  the  centre  of  the  industry,  where  Autos, 
Trucks  and  Tractors  are  made.  Learn  at  the  School  wliich 
is  backed  by  Detroit's  most  prominent  men  and  manufactur- 
ers. A  school  built  and  equipped  at  a  cost  of  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars  and  operated  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  affording  ambitious  men  opportunities  to  better 
their  positions  and  win  greater  success. 

You  can  learn  easily  and  at  a  small  expense  at  the 

DETROIT  INSTITOTE  OF  TEOHNOiOGY 

Practical,  common  sense  methods  o*  instiiiction — EVTENSIFIED 
by    25    years'    exDerdence— over    3.OO0    enrollments    last    year. 

Tou  don't  need  any  experience!  A  course  in  this  School  will  auickly 
XJt  you  to  dio  well  naid  work.  The  need  for  trained  men  in  the  fac- 
tories and  on  the  farms  is  acute — ^A/ND  THE  DElMAND  IS  IN- 
CREASING! 

The  Automobile  business  will  continue  to  grow,  the  manuifacture  of 
Motor  Trucks  cromiees  tO'  ecMpse  all  reicords  of  auto  nroduction.  AND 
TIHE  FARM  TRAOT'OR  INDUBTRY  IS  JUST  IN  ITS  'INFANCY. 
rR-^^INJED  MIEN  to  build,  to  .■wll.  to  operate  and  repair  these  cutouts 
ARE  AND  WlbTj  BE  NEEDED  by  the  tens  ot  thousands.  One  Detroit 
manuifacturer  alone  plans  to  employ  100.000  men  in  the  buildine  of 
Farm  Tractors— IT  IS  ESTIMATED  THERE'S  A  DE.AIAND  FOR  ONE 
MILLION   FARM   TRACTORS  RIGHT   TOBAY! 

A  Thorough  Training  in  the  Care  and  Repair  of 

Farm  Tractors  Now  Included  in  Our  Auto  Course 

Can   you   ask  for  stronKer   proof  of  our  Schoors   sbandins   than    that 
MEN   WHO    KNOW    Rive    freely    of    their   products,    their   monev   and 
tlheir  time  to  coonea-ate  with  us?    Amons-the  'Contributors  to  our  eauip- 
ment    are:       Studebaker,    Buick.    Happ.    Chalmers.    Packard.    Hudson. 
Gray    &    'Davis.     De.lco.     Cutler-Hammer.     Zenith.     Ford.     Port    Huron 
Engine  &  Thresher.  Cleveland  Tractor.  Ebert  Tractor  amd  many  others. 
Our  blgr  Club  House,  ad.iolniuK  our  New  Buildinsr.   is  at  your  disposal. 
Readiniff  rooms,   loun'KinK   rooms,   gymnasium,  swimmiinsr  pool,   billiard 
and   pool   tables,    bowling"  alleys,    with   five  floors   of  dormitories   and 
restaurant   at  low   rates.    You  ai-^e   assured  of  not  only  thoroush  and 
competent  instruction,  but  sood  companionship  and  clean  living 
condiltlons  with    the   romforts  of  .home  and   club   li'fe   combined. 
Don't   Visit  Detroit  Without   Seeina:  Us.     You   want   to   coneidei" 
everything  carefully  before  you  enroll  for  any  icourse  of  instruction.     Come 
and  loolt  us  over,   whatever  purpose  brings  you  to  Detroit.     Get  all  the 
nartioulars  of  this  school,   jget  the   records  of  our   instmctors,   hear  what 
aiito  factories  and  automobile  men  have  to  say  about  us.  see  for  yourself 
our  comfoitable  quartera  and  big  equipment.     We  will  be  glad  to  see  you 
and  .show  you  around  whether  you  enroll  or  not.     Day  and  night  classes. 
Start  at  any  time.     Write  today  for  full  particulars.     Address 

DETROIT  INSTITUTE  OF  TECHNOLOGY 

318  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Building  DETROIT,  MICH. 


b5 


The  Double  Clinched  Bezel 

Has  Made  the  Waterproof 


Watch  Possible 

-DOUBLE   CLINCHED-^ 


Patented  September  11.   1917. 
The  only  iBezel   that  can   make  a  watch  waterproof. 

THE  Double  Clinched  Bezel  is  the  only  positive  method  of  hold- 
ing Unbreakable  Glass  in  alK  climates.  A  rib  both  above 
and  below  bites  into  the  glass  around .  entire  circumference, 
preventing  all  possibility  of  loosening,  making  the  watch 
waterproof  and  dustproof. 

The   regular   watch   bezel   commonly   used   by   snapping   in 
the  crystal  will  not  permanently  hold  any  kind  of  Unbreakable- 
Glass,  due  to   its  contraction   in  cold   weather.     Cementing  and 
using  different  kinds  of  glue  will  hold  only  for  a  short  time. 


The  '  D-D" 
Khaki  Watch 


Depollier 
Waterproof  and 


Waltham  Movement  ^"'^^f 


Prestige  Accuracy 

Known  the  World  Over 

I 

The  Double  Clinched  Bezel  which 
clasps  the  Non-explosive,  Unbreakable 
Glass  so  tightly  as  to  be  waterproof  is  used 
on  both  the  "D-D"  Khaki  Watch  and  De- 
pollier Waterproof  and  Dustproof  Watch. 
These  are  the  only  watches  equipped  with 
the  patented  Double  Clinch  Bezel.  The 
crystals  cannot  fall  out. 


JACQUES  DEPOLLIER  &  SON 

Dubois  Watch  Case  Co  Manufacturers  of  Established  1877 

High  Class  Speciallks  for  Waltham  Watches 

Main  Office  and  Factory;  Salesroom: 

316  HERKIMER  ST.,  BROOKLYN.  N.  Y.         15  MAIDEN  LANE.  NEW  YORK  CITY 

56 


57 


vyy//yyyy>yyyyy/V-x^^^^^^ 


Stop  Auto  Radiator  Leaks 

Instantly  With  Marvelous  LIQUID 

,EAK 


Simply  pour  contents  of  package  into  radi- 
ator, let  it  loix  with  the  water  and  presto! — the 
leak  is  cured.  Cannot 
harm  cooling  system.  Re- 
pair is  not  again  soluble 
in  water-  Satisfaction 
guaranteed.  Ford  size 
package  50c,  large  size 
75c.  At  dealers  qjr  sent 
direct. 

.Made  txy  the  manufacturers 
of  world-famous  Neverleak 
Tiro  Fluid  and  Liauid  Veneer. 


Buffalo  Specialty    Co. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


f/yM'MW/yM'/y/mmyM^^^ 


mmm 


your  BICYCLE  Into  a  Successful 
MOTORCYCLE.  We  guarantee  the 
only  motor  that  will  fit  any  wheel  without  alteration 
of  bicycle  frame.  Most  powerful  motor.  Best  Hill 
Climbers.  More  Steffeys  in  use  than  all  others. 
Oldest  manufacturers,  19  years  in  business.  Stamp 
for  circular. 
STEFFBY  MFG.  CO.,     5026  Brown  St..  Phila.,  Pa. 


Low"  Priced  Printing  Presses 

Hand,  foot  or  power  driven.  Various  sizes.  Strong,  durable  and 
practical  machines.  Prices  low  ^oodrguaranteed.  Standard  Point 
System  type  cast  from  Nickel  Alloy  metal  at  lowest  prices.  Write 
factory  TODAY  for  catalogue  presses,  TYPE,  printing  materials. 
It  will  pay  you.         THE  PRESS  CO.,  D-10,  Meriden,  Conn. 

RICHARDSON  SLIDE  RULES 

Made  In  Chicasro.  Made  entdrelr/ 
of  metal  coated  with  celluloid.  Will 
not  shrink.  Adanted  to  any  cli- 
mate. Slides  interclhanKeable;  can 
make  a  Mannheim  into  Loig  Logr. 
or  PalvDihase.  or  Eneineer's  Slide 
Rule,  by  chanETiniff  slides  only.  We 
also  make  a  Military  Slide  Rule  for 
computinK  ranere  of  target  ia)dot>ted 
by  U.  S.  Field  Artillery.  Write 
for  illustrated  circular  of  all  kindsi 

of  Slide   rules.      We  liave  been  imanlufacibur'lne  slide    rules   exclusively   for   12    years. 

Address 

G.  W.  RICHARDSON 

4216  W.  24TH  PLACE.  CHICAGO.  V.  S.  A. 

58 


TRAPPERS 

1?ighi  out  of  the  Feed  Box" 

D|^|  siill^ur  Furs  uniil 
ece'^§^Our  Price  List  W 
ile-io-day-sure 
rquidi  returns  ship  immediately 


109^111  Wo  27th  St 


NEW  YORK  CITY 

references:  duns  bradstreet  agencies 

OR  YOUR  OWN  BANK 


59 


Get 

The  Big  Idea ! 

The  Dynamic  Thought! 


je! 

The  Astonishing  Truth! 
The  Aladdin's  Lamp! 

The  Master  Key  I ! 

The  Key  which  unlocks  the  secret  cham- 
bers of  success,  the  key  with  which  many 
are  converting  loss  into  gain,  fear  into 
joy,  hope  into  fruition,  the  key  with  which 
many  are  finding  health,  courage,  power, 
the  key  which  thrills,  fascinates,  carries 
conviction,  understanding,  perception,  in- 
spiration, the  key  which  is  actually  chang- 
ing the  lives  of  thouscinds,  and  may  have 
an  almost  unbelievable  influence  upon 
YOUR    life. 


"When  I  'first  received  the  'Master-Key  I 
was  sujfiferinjs  ifrom  a  complioation  of  trou- 
bles that  I  would  nat  think  of  burdening: 
you  with — suflPice  lo  say  I  am  now  well 
and  stroaff.  Xf  I  can  think  myself  into 
perfect  health  I  lassuredly  can  think  myself 
into    evervtihing    else    I    desire."  


"I't  is  the  most  clear,  definite  and  ex- 
haustive treatise  on  this  subject  ever  con- 
ceived. I  wish  it.  were  possible  that  all 
mankind    could    benefit    from    your    insoiriner 

message." 


"I  can  hardly  ffrasD  the  full  sisrniflcance 
cf  'the  if  acts.  The  'vastness  of  this  su'biect 
is  60  overwhelming;  it  seems  a  lifetime  of 
effort  could  never  ^fathom  aill  its  r)ossi- 
Mlities." 


"Tou  have  given  a  wondervful  analvsis  o.f 
the  Dov/er  that  is  'tihe  creative  force  by 
whicb  the  master  mind  controls  his  destiny." 


"It  teaches  that  the  forces  which  make 
for  success  are  available  for  all.  and  th« 
practice  oif  tlie  laws  sroverning  the  same  will 
lift    from    •p'overtv    to    Tiower." 


"I  am  now  earning  at  the  rate  of 
$25,000.00  yearly,  and  previous  to  mv 
finding  the  Master-Key  I  never  earned 
more  than  $5,000.00  yearly  and  some  years 
much  less.  A  man  in  my  business  is  con- 
sidered a  'fcon-nwtdher'  when  he  can  make 
a    thousand    a   month." 


Free  Master-Key  Coupon 

OHAS.   F.  HAAJJEI.. 

412   Gi-anite  Bldg..    St.   Louis.  Mo. 

Please   send   me   a   Master   Key  without   cost   or   oWigation   of   anv    kind. 


Name  .  .  . 
Address  . 
R.     F.     D. 


.  City ^ State . 


60 


<« 


*What  other  men  have  done  with  the  help  of  the  Inter 
national  Correspondence  Schools,  lean  do.    If  the  I,  C.  S,  hat 
raised  the  salaries  of  other  men,  they  can  raise  mine.    If  the, 
have  helped  others  to  advance,  they  can  help  me.    To  me  I,  C,  5 . 
means  7  CAN  SUCCEED, '  " 


Make  up  your  mind  right  now  that  not  another  day  shall  pass  until  you  ha\' 
ma.de your  start  toward  success.    Simply  say  "I  Will"  and  the  I.  C.  S.  will  com 
to  you  with  the  very  help  you  need.    Whether  you're  a  dollar-a-day  man,  or  : 
dollar-an-hour  man,  a  long-hour  man  or  a  short-hour  man — there's  a  better  jo 
ahead  and  the  I.  C.  S.  will  prepare  you  to  step  into  it. 

No  matter  where  you  live,  what 
you  now  do,  or  how  little  time  or 
money  you  may  have,  the  I.  C.  S. 
have  a  Course  of  Training  to  fit 
your  needs. 

Hundreds  of  thousands  of  am- 
bitious men  have  achieved  success 
through  I.  C.  S.  hielp  in  the  past  27 
years — over  100,000  are  now  study- 
ing, getting  ready  for  the  big  jobs 
ahead.  Join  them  and  makfe  your 
life  something  to  be  proud  of — you 
can  do  it.  Mark  and  mail  the  cou- 
pon TODAY  and  find  out  how:  it 
won't  obligate  you  in  the  least. 


_    _   .^    ...    _i   -TCAU  OUT  MERC-  ^  -«  ■«■•«-■. 

INTERNATIONAL  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOLS 

BOX  4394,  SCRANTON,  PA. 

Please  explain,  without  obligating  me,  Iiow  I  can  quallfv 
for  ttie  position  before  whicti  I  mark  X. 

::]ADVERTISING  MAN 
IJSalesman 
IDCommerclal  Law 


DBUSINESS 

UCertUled  Pab.  A«eonatant 

^Boolikeeper 

Stenographer 
■  .ILLUSTRATOR 
JWindow  Trimmer 

Show-card  Writer 

Civil  Service 
^TEACHER  ( 

CoromoD  School  8ab)e«ti 

UEOmNIOAL  GNOINKBB 
_MechanicBl  Draftsman 
DCHEMIST 


DEIiGOTRIOAIi  ESGinEER 
Electrician 
Electric  Cars 
Telegraph  Engineer 
Practical  Telephony 
Railroader 
ARCHITECT 
Contractor  and  Builder 
CIVIL  ENGINEER 
Surveying  and  Mappin; 
ISTEAM  ENGINEER 
MINING  ENGINEER 
IMetallurgist 
AGRICULTURE 
Poultry  Raising 
AUTOMOBILES 


Name  _ 

Street 
and  No.. 


City. 
fil 


State- 


/^  rOUKDED    1888 — (Day   Dept. DWIGHT   SCHOOL — 1880) 

UE\N  YORK  PREPARATORY 

NEW  YORK  SCHOOIi  ^\  ^\  | |  ^^  ^^  |  BROOKLYN    SCHOOL 

72  PARK  AVENUE      O  O  M  W  KJ  l_  Cor.  Franklin  &  JeWerson  Aves. 

(bet.  38f2i  and  39th  Streets)      ^^  ^^  ^^   ^^  ^^  (Two  tlocks  from  Fultcm  &t.) 

Chartered  by  the  Regents  of  New  York  State.     Over  22,(X)0  Graduates. . 

SAVE  ONE  OR  MORE  YEARS  IN  PREIPARATION  I'OR 

REGENTS     AND    COLLEGE 

Courses   include   preparation    for  ARMY   and    NAVY, 

Enter  at  Any  Time  -  Laboratories       -        Day  and  Evening  Sessions 

Inquire  for  catalog,  and  "Success  in  Regents'  and  Colieee  Entrance -Examinations." 


JiiUJMlJRTmTJH  1 H  !JW  uH.ummmjMU 


Training   for  Authorship 

How  to  write,  what  to  write,  and  where  to  seU. 

Cultivate  your  mind.  Develop  your  literary  gifts. 
Master  the  art  of  self-expression.  Make  your  spare  time 
Drofitable.      Turn  your  ideas  into  dollars. 

Courses  in  Short-Story  Writing.  Versification.  Journal- 
ism, Play  Writing.  Photoplay  Writing,  etc.,  taugiht  per- 
sonaWy  by  Dr.  J.  Berg  Esenwein.  for  many  years  editor  of 
LipDinoott's  Mag-azine  and  a  staff  of  literary  experts. 
Oonstnuptive  criticism.  Frank,  honest,  helpitul  advice. 
Real    Teachinn 

One    pupil    has   received    over   $5, GOO   for   stories   and 
articles   vyritten    mostly   in    spare   time — "play   work," 
he  calls  it.     Another  pupil  received  over  $1,0(K)  before 
completing    her    first    course.       Another,    a    busy    wife 
and    mother.  ^  is    averaeine:    over    $75    a    week    from 
photoplay  writing  alone. 
There  is  no  other  institution  or  agency  doing  so  mucJi  lor  writew 
voimg  or  old.     The  universiti'eg  recognize  this,  for  over  one  hundred 
members    of   the    Enjfish    faculties   of  (higher   institutions    are    studying   in    our    Literarj 
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Please  address 

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In  tihe  Martle  line  there's  just  the  riirht  siglit 
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ords  a  Minute  Guaranteed 

A  wonderful  ne-v  method  of  acquiriiig:  skill  on  the  typewriter  has  been 
discovered.  Almost  overnight  it  has  revolutionized  the  whole  tvue- 
writing   situation  ^^ 

AMcady   thousands   of  stenographers  and   other  typewriter   users   who 
never  exceeded  30  to  40  words  a  minute  are  writing-  80  to  100  woids 
witili    half   the    effort    and    with    infinitely    sreater    accuncv   than   evei 
before.     Don't   confuse   this   new  way   in   typewriting-    with   an\'  svqtpm 
of  the  past.    There  has  never  been  anything-  like  it  before     Special  Gvin- 
nastic  Finger  Training;  Exercises  away  from  the  machine    in  connection 
with  just  enough   machine   practice   to  be  interesting-    bung    results   in 
<lajs  that  ordinary  methods  will  not  produce  in  months.     It  is  tlip  p-i  pt* 
est   step  in  typewriting  since  the     type-  <- la  me  >,i  t-ai 

writer  itself   was   invented — already   its  .^ 

success   has   become   nation-wide.  .tus^h 


lome 

10  Easy  Lessons 

'Like  every  great  idea,  t)li«  secret  oif  this  ne-w 
metibod  is  so  simjile  that  yo«i  -wonder  why  it 
■wasn't  thought  of  ibefoi-e.  Y.et  it  is  simply 
amazing  in  its  I'esults. 

Anyone  can  leann  it  at  Ihoine  in  a  few  ehort 
weelss.  'Hiete  are  only  ten  lessons.  And  the 
v/ovk  is  simply  fascin^ating — it's  more  iil^e  a 
game  than   anything. 


Doubles  and  Trebles  Stenographers'  Salaries! 


Why    Aren't    Stenographers 
Better    Paid? 

iVhy  are  most  stenographers  getting  only  $8 
to  $15  a  weeic— wliile  others  get  $25,  $30,  S35 
and  even  $40?  Eight  words  tell  the  story. 
It's  nothing  in  the  world  but  lack  of  speed 
and  accuiacy  on  the  typewriter  that  is  keeping 
salaries  down — that  is  robbing  most  stenog- 
raphers of  the  pay  they  ought  to  get. 
Think  a  minute.  What  is  a  stenographer  paid 
for?  Isn't  it  for  your  finished  product — for 
the  quantity  and  quality  of  letters  or  other 
typewritten  matter  you  can  turn  out  in  a  day? 
No  matter  how  good  you  are  at  shorthand, 
^ou  can  never  expect  much  increase  in  pay 
until  you  get  speed — real  speed — and  ac- 
cuiacy on  the  typewriter. 

Here  are  a  few  examples  of  how  tJie  New  Wa,v 
dn  Typewriting  has  already  resulted  in  increased 
(pay.  Lettei-s  from  these  sdiidento  and  from,  scores 
of  O'tliers  will  be  found  in  the  free  ibook.  Wihat 
it  has  dofle  for  tlhem  it  TviU  do  for  3"ou. 

Raise  1st  Year  Kaise  1st  Year 

h.  It.  Poweill..  ($2,000  P.  W.  Sellers...  .$200 
n.    B.   Heiler 4S0      Joe  G.  PetmeclQ'.  1.920 


S.  Sliainin 2,400 

LMarie    Parker MO 

A.   H.  Ga'rddnea-. .  &60 
Eliie  J.  Cosier. ..   260 


J.  B.  Ken-igan 
C.  C-  Dorsey. . 
H.  J.  Winsor.. 
Neil  C.   Cross. . 


200 
oOOi 
240 
3G0 


\\e  cannot  attempt  here  to  fully  descri'be 
this  new  method.  But  we  havs  prepa.-ed  a  book 
which  tells  all  about  it  in  coniplete  detail, 
which  is  f/ee  to  those  interested,  it  is  a  big 
32-page  book,  brimful  of  eye-opening  ideas  and 
valuable  information.  If  you  are  ambitious  to 
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your  salary  don't  wait  a  single  mifliite  before 
sending  for  this  book  of  information  and 
proof.  This  new  method  is  bringing  such  mar- 
velous results  to  others — is  proviiig  itself  to 
be  so  sure  a  means  of  quickly  increasing 
salaries — that  you  will  be  doing  yoursel'f  f 
big  injustice  if  you  fail  to  write  for  it  ai 
once.  Tear  dff  the  coupon  now,  before  you 
turn  the  page.  Address  THE  TULLOSS 
SCHOOL,  4201  College  Hill,  Springfie^l'd,  Ohio. 


,  iPlease  send  -me  your  free  book  abo'Ut  the 
I  New  Way  in  Type-m-iting.  This  incurs  no 
I  obligation  on  my  part. 


Name  . . 
Address 


Ocoupation 


Mail   to   THE   TULLOS-S  SCHOOL, 
■1201  College  Hill,  Sjuiugfield,  Ohio 


65 


Anotheiinligi  iipl^^^     Man! 


The  man  who  acquires  a  foreign   language   doubles   his   commercial  value  and 

opens  UD  new  possibilities  and  new  fields  of  opportunity. 

Take  advantage  of  the  war  situation  !  Better  your  position  and 
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trade  with  South  American  countries.  Equip  yourself  to  read 
foreign  books  and  papers.  Brusih  up  on  the  language  you 
studied  at  -college  and  make  it  of  practical  use.  Acquire  a  new 
""     language,  at  home,  for  business  and  social  purposes. 

SPANISH— FRENCH— ITALIAN,  Etc. 

Is  Easily  and  Quickly  Mastered  by  the 

LANGUAGE-PHONE  METHOD 

and  Rosenthal's   Practical   Lingulstry 
fHicliest  Award  Panama-Pacific   Exoosition.  ISIS) 

This  is  tilie  natural  way  to  learn  a  foreiga  language.  The  \xjice  of  a 
native  professor  pronounces  each  word  and  phrase,  over  and  over,  until 
you  know  it.  It  is  a  pleasant,  fascinating  study.  Family  and  friends 
can  use  it.  You  practice  at  spare  moments,  and  in  a  surprisingly 
short  time  you  speak,  read  and  understand  a  new  language. 

The   Language-Phone  Method 

and  F.  M.  C.  French  Military  Conversation 

A  short  phonetic  course  that  gives  just  the  conversational  and  military 
French  needed  at  the  frcnt.  It  covers  all  departments  , of  the  service; 
AiTOy.  Navy.  Red  Cross,  also  ever\'  branch;  Infantry.  Artillery.  Cav- 
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The  Language- Phone  Method,  987  Putnam  BIdg.,  2  West  45th  St.,  N.  Y. 


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H  Send  us  your  name  and 
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.vou  free  "A  Treatise  on 
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Use  Your 

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The  fact  t/hat  a  business  nran  sends  to  us  once  for  a  stenographer 
or  'boo^kkeeper  is  only  partial  proof  otf  the  value  of  o'ur  training.  But 
-wihen  the  same  flirm  calls  upon  us  again  and  again — that  is  sufficient 
endorsement  of  our  methods. 

■Some  large  concerns  are  employing  from  two  to  eiglit  of  our 
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It  is  not  so  very  hard  nowa,days  to  get  a  position,  but  high  salaries 
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66 


Mr.  iiioem  Repomny  One  of  the 
President's    Addresses. 


^W— ^  ■  I  ■   M   — .^^^11         !■■    Ill       ■i-nni.       ■      ,     ,m,      I  1—^^^  II  »■        I    I   .  —    - ■       —  -■  ,1 

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Wilson,  has  just  entered  the  avia- 
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fliers.  Roscoe  Kincaid  is  private  secretary  to  General  Pershing, 
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roads McAdoo — and  the  list  could  be  extended  indefinitely.  All 
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Seventy-five  per  cent  of  tiie  Board  of  Education  "whose  high  schools 
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85  per  cent  of  the  private  commercial  schools,  and  in  80  per  cent  of  the  Y. 
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minute.  Not  more  than  half  a  dozen  writers  of  any  other  system  have  ever 
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67 


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nieasiirins  tape,  order  blanks,  business  cards,  oui 
wonderful  Clothing  Insurance  Policy  and  complete 
instructions  to  teach  you  successful  clothes  sellin.s:. 
Write   at   once   for  your  fine   outfit.     Send   no  cash. 

Great  Western  Tailoring  Co.,  Depl.  40,  Chicago 


y.oung 

Flandera 

earned 

$30.0 

2   in    3  days'  spare   | 

time. 

you     can 

do     as  1 

well. 

Build     a 

pavluK  1 

business    at    home.     We   | 

ifurnis 

1    outfit    and    will   | 

teach 

you  free 

1 

GREMii^nESTJEmiTi^bmsNG  €o 


69 


dODaysTrial 

Select — from  our  big  FREE  catalog — the  lar- 
ticular  style  of  ci,  "RAN'GER"  toicycle  you  desire. 
They  are  pictured  in  natuiral  colors  with  elaborate 
deta.ils  of  construction  and  equipment,  in  44 
'  STYLES,  colors  amd  sizes.  We  will  send  it  from 
■  oui-  Chicago  Factory,  freight  charges  ii>aid  by  us  to 
j'our  tovvri,  for  THIRTY  DAYS  FKEE  TRIA'L. 
We  pay  ret'um  charges  if  you  decide  not  to  keep  it. 
TJ'e  trial  is  all  at  our  exiienie. 


FACTORY  PRICES 

When    you    buy    from 
us,    you   in-ofit   by   O'ur 

fIctory-dirbct  - 

TO  -  RIDER  selling 
■policy  and  the  big  Bar- 
ings possible  by  reason 
erf  our  greait  airanual 
output.  The  RAiXOER 
catalog  ill«stTa.tea  tbe 
most  complete  lic«  of  "bicycles  in  rh«  Tvor'.d. 
Cheapest  form  of  tiaibsportatiou.  All  armies  are 
using    thousands   of    bicycles. 

RIDER  AGENTS  WANTED  f;7^'^eT.i.*ib"ft 

"RANGER"  bicycles.  Select  1)16  Heavy  Serrice, 
Raipeiflj.  .\rcti  Fraone.  Ooaster-Brake  Special, 
Junior  or  other  style  desired  and  make  money  'iy 
taking  orders  while  you  ride  and  enjoy  it. 

QFNn  Nn  MnNFV  ^^t  ■^nte  to-day  for  tl.e 
Otnu  nu  muivtl  ^g^  cataloj?  with  prices 
So  low  tihey  will  astonish  you.  also  full  pai-- 
ticulars  of  our  new  offer  to  send,  all  charges  ipre- 
iwid.  the  "RA.XGER"  bicycle  you  select  for  Tihiity. 
Days'  Free  Tti-al.'  Tou  can't  afford  to  buy  a 
bic^-cle,  tires  or  sundries  without  first  learning 
what  we  can  offer  jou.     WRITE  -NOW. 

H  146 
Chicago 


Mead  Cycle  Co., 


mm 

"mm 

t 

k 

^''■'''OWHa; 

Treat  Your  Tires 

WITH 


NEVERLEAK 

TIRE 
FLUID 


The  only  reliable  pvinctuie  heal- 
ing compound  for  instantly  clos- 
ing leaks  in  bicycle  tires.  Used 
bv  thousands  of  riders. 


Sold    by    All    Dealers    and 

Repair    Men,    25c    a    Tube 

Enough  for  One  Tire 


BUFFALO  SPECIALTY  CO. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. 


Shipped  ort  Appmy^l 


Wi-ite  at  once  for  oarticulars  of  shiijmeMt^  and  my 
48-Dace  catalog.  Asents  wanted  to  driT?  and 
demonstrate  the  Bush  'Car.  Opportuo.'ty  to  paj 
for  it  out  of  your  commissions.  Aie  its  makina 
money.  Shitmieats  are  prampt.  Bush  cara  stiar- 

onteed     o  r 
money 


3%  tins 


.-a-(n  Wheelhase 

Oelco  lenftaon-Elect.  Stg.  &  Ltg7~ 


'back 
Latest 
models 
r  e  a  d  y  . 
Addr.  J.  H. 
Buah.  Pras. 
Dent.  WA-1 


BUSH  MOTOR  COMPANY 
BlJSH   XEMPr.E.   ChicaEO.   Illinois. 


Secret  Knee  Purse 

Soldiers,,  sailors,  Red  Cross 
nurses     and      chorus     girls, 

protect  your  valuables, 
.money,  etc.  Wear  the  Sol- 
dier and  iSailor  Knee  Purse. 
Secret,  convenient,  secure: 
$1.00  each.  Money  back  If 
not  satisfied.  Every  soldier, 
sailor,  nurse,  chorus  girl — 
in  fact,  everybody '  needs 
one.     Agents  wanted. 

WILL  F.  LORTON 


369  Main  Street.      - 


Orance,  N.*J« 


70 


m^ 


Your  "FoGt-power"  Bicycle  Quickly 
into   a  Speedy,   Light- 
weight, Easy-running   Motorcycle  at 
Small  Expense 

Have  you  envied  the  fellow  with  a  dependable 
motorcycle— the  kind  that  gives  perfect  service  at 
ALL  times?  Have  you  longed  for  one  like  his — but 
couldn't  have  one  because  of  the  high  prices  de- 
manded for  a  really  good  motorcycle^  Don't  worry 
about  high  prices  any  longer — don't  envy  the  owner 
of  the  best  motorcycle  made.  You,  can  make  your 
dreams  come  true  without  further  delay— and  at 
small  expense.    Just  attach  a  Shaw  Motorcycle 

Attachment  on  your  bicycle  and  ride  anywhere  the  expensive 
motorcycles  go.  Nov/  is  the  time  to  prepare  for  the  fine  days 
that  you  should  enjoy  in  the  great  out-of-doors,  without  effort 
and  with  trifling  expense.  Plan  yourvacation  now — ^^with  your 
tike  tranrformed  into  a  deoendable  .motorcycle. 

The  SHAW  Motor  Fits  ANY  Bicycle 

•No  brazing  or  changing  of  frame  is  neededi  The  Shaw  'attach- 
Sment  fits  ;any  model  of  any  make.  Just  as  simple  and  easy  to 
detach  as  to  put  on— ^because  it  is  portable.  You  can  attach  the 
Shaw  motor  and  equipment  without  the  aid  of  a  mechanic  or  any 
extra  expense.  Anyone  who  can  use  an  ordinary  wrench  and  a 
common  screwdriver  can  easily  attach  the  outfit  in  a  short  time. 
Every  part  is  Complete  and  ready,  to  attach  to  your  bicycle  with- 
out special  tools  or  expert  work. 

Send  right  now  for  our  interesting 
book  "CONVERT  YOUR  BIKE 
INTO  A  MOTORCYCLE."  Tells 
all  about  the  Shaw  attachment  and  the  wonderf  ulShaw  magneto,  i 
Don't  think,  of  paying  the  high,  prices  demanded  for  motor- 
cycles if  you  have  an  ordinary  bicycle.    The  Shaw  attachment 
fitted  to  your  bike  will  mean  a  motorcycle  of  the  highest  type. 
Not  an  experiment  Thousands  of  Shaw  attachments  are  in  use 
in  tHe  United  States,Canada,and  other  foreign  countries. 

Sign  and  Mail  Coupon  TODAY  f 

We  will  sand  you  full  information  about  this  remark-  gg 
able  attachment,  prices,  etc  .  descriijtion  of  tlie  Shaw  ^ 
Motorbicycle,  also  a  list  oi  Becond-haud  motorcycles.        n 

Shaw  Manufacturing  Co.  5 

Dept.229      GALESBURG,  KANS.     " 


f  If  you  wont  a  high  grade  hlcych- 
\  fitted  comiilctc  with  the  Shaw  At- 
tachment, i\  rite  us  at  once  und  v.  e  will  give  you 
full  informntlon  about  the  Shaw  Motorbicycle. 
Here  is  o  machine  that  rcprcscnls  o  saving  of 
irom  ojic-lliird  to  one-half  compared  "1th  the 
pi  ices  asked  ior  tlie  best  motorcycles  on  tiie 
nifirket  Only  the  \ery  best  mateiials  used  in 
the  conslniclion  of  the  Shaw  Motorbicycle — 
rothing  omitted  v  hi(Ji  ^ould  In  any  way  add 
to  the  durability,  convenience  or  beauty  o£ 
the  machine. 

The  Shaw  Motorbicj  cle  is  guaranteed  agolnst 
ony  defect  In  material  or  vorkmonship  foronc 
full  year.  We  agree  to  make  good  by  repajr  or 
replacement  any  defect  that  might  manifest 
itself.  'Write  at  once,  so  that  we  can  mail  you 
our  descriptive  circular  givijig  full  information 
rcloti/e  to  this  wonderful  bargain  Nothing  else 
approaches  it  in  dependable  strength,  beauty 
itiid  service.  " 


Free  Book 


,.    Sign- 


giiaw  Mannfacturing  Co.,  .Uept  229. 
Galesbnrg,  Kans. 
'Send  me  your  free  book,  '«ConTert  Your 
Bike  Into  a  Motorcycle,"  giving  full  par- 
ticulars ahout  the  gliaw  attaclnuent,  the 
Blvaw  Motorbicycle.  also  a  siiecial  list  of 
used  motorcycles  of  all  rfakes 

Na  me •  ■ 

Postoffice 

Street  or  R.  (F.  D '>-''itt?   

■iBaaaaBBaBBBaaiiii 


Send  for 

Catalog — 

FREE 

RotstoPlsnten 

Profitable  for  the  large  or  small  grow- 
er. Plants  potatoes  at  lowest  possi- 
ble cost.  One  man  operates  it.  Opens 
the  furrow — drops  the  seed  any  dis- 
tance or  depth  required — puts  on  fer- 
tilizer (if  wanted) — covers  np — marks 
the  next  row.  Accurate,  automatic 
and  dependable.  Sold  with  or  with- 
out Fertilizer  Attachment. 
Here's  why  vou  should  select  the 
Eureka  Potato  Planter:  Furrow  Open- 
ing Plow  is  directly  under  the  axle — 
that  means  uniform 
ilepth  at  a:ll  times, 
'''he  seed  drops  in 
."^isht  of  driver. 
Steel  and  malleable 
'•onstructlon  makes 
long  life  and  few 
repairs.  Made  ,  ;ln 
three  sizes — for  one 
<^r   two    '■0^=. 


Write  for  Free^ 
Catalog 


rM  u  1  c  h  e  r  a  n  d  Seeder 

A    mulcher.    smoothing    harrow,    cultl-^ 
vator,    weeder   and    seeder — all    in    one. 
Forms  dust  mulch — a  blanket  of -loose 
soil — preventing:     soli     hardenlnff     and 
moisture      escaping.      Increases      yield 
of     corn,     potatoes,     oats,     wheat,     etc. 
Kills  weeds.      Has   flat  teeth,  especially 
adapted    to    form    mulch.      Lever    and 
pressure  spring  contrt)l  depth  of  teeth. 
Sold   with   or   without 
seeding       boxes       for 
grass     seed,      alfalfa, 
oats,   etc.   Teeth    cov- 
er the  seed,    a  Adapt- 
ed   for   a    large   vari- 
ety  of   work.      Three 
sizes.    8.    10    and    12 
feet.     Shipment  from 
branch   near   you. 


POTATO 
DIGGER 

Gets  all  the  potatoes'^ 

Result  of  19  years'  Digger  experience 

A  companion  dinplement  of  the  famous  Enreka, 
Potato  planter — made  in  same  factoiry.  Large 
wheels  and  main  gcais  supply  ample  power. 
Largely  malleable  and  steel,  avoiding  frequent 
breakage  and  lost  time.  High  clearance 
under  truck  arch  and  over  shovel  prevents  vines 
and  weeds  from  bunching  and  dragging — roda 
and  kickers  place  vices  in  row  at  side.  The 
Euieka  duplex  shaker  provides  most   agitation 

• — potatoes     are     delivered     clevin. 

Rear    extension    elevator  fumlEhed 
■>v(heu   desired. 
Write   for   catalog 

Eurel^a  Mower  Co. 
Box  710.  utica,N.  Y. 


e  and  7  ft 


MoRe. 
Eggs! 


PRODUCTS^POULTRY 


[Feed  YOUR  POULTRY  with^   „ 

Mkat   Scra.!> 

lUsed  at  New  Jerse/  Egg  Laying  Contest] 

B|«eA/l9l8  Farmers  Almanac j 
^  ,')  Generous   Samples  of^* 

v'KwALiTY"  Products^ 


V/RITC     TO-OAV. 


fcMAURER  MANUFAaURlNO  CO., 
.  ,Dept.  W 


INDOOR  TOILET 

Placed  in  Your  Home 

Sanitary  and  Odorless,  on  Ten  Days* 

(0  m  FREE  TRIAL 

No  Money  Down — No  Deposit 

No  more  outside  back  yard  in- 

coniveniefices;    No  chambers  to 

empty.    No  sewer  or  cesspool. 

Chemical   process  dissolves 

human  waste  in  water.    No 

trouble.  Kills  disease  germs. 

Prevents  flies,  filth  and  bad 

odiors  of  outhouse.     A  real 

necessity    for    old,    young 

or  invalids.    Preserves 

health. 

Costs  1  Cftnt  a  Week 

to  Operate  i>er  Person 

Place  in  any  i-oom,  hall 

or    closet.      No    trouble 

to    install.     Guaranteed 

sanitary     and    odooflese. 

Endorsed   "by   thousands 

of  Tisers,    doctow,   sani- 

'tairy  expents,  health  hoards, 

etc,     iS«id  to-day  for  free 

trial  offer  and  li't«ratuire. 

KAWNEAR  CABINET  CO. 

802  Kawnear  Bldg.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 


72 


Deming  ^^Hydraerams' 

Use  Water  to  Pump  Water 

THE  most  economical  supply  system.  Connect  a 
Darning"  Hydraeram  to  your  spring,  stream,  pond 
or  flowing  well  and  have  running  water  at  the  turn 
of  a  faucet,  with  no  work  or  cost  whatever.  Hydrae- 
ram Bulletin  W.  A.  exi51ains  the  new  features — the 
simplified  outside  regulating  device,  automatic  sup- 
ply,  tiie   new  design   and   construction. 

Where  no  fall  of  water  is  available  use 

HYDRO-PNEUMATIC 

Water  Supply  Systems 


\No.  2010 
leap.  570 
iGal.  Per 
iHoiir. 


/^OMPLETE  with  pump,  tank  and  equip- 
^^-^  uient  for  hand,  electric  or  gasoline  drive. 
All  types  and  sizes.  For  farm,  suburban, 
home,  etc.     Write  for  Pump  Catalog  W.  A. 

THi  DEMING  COMPANY,  Salem,  Ohio 

GENERAL   AGENCIES: 
Chjcag-o,    Kenion    &    Hubbell. 

Pittsburgh,   Harris  Pump   &   Supply  Co. 

New  York,    Ralph   B.    Carter  Company. 


More  than  1.000  tynes  and  sizes  of  Hand  and  Power  riimus  for  all  uses. 


On  Practically  Youf  Own  Terms 


ALL  CASH, 

part  cash, 
®fno  cash 


"How  la  Juilge  Engines" 

FRFF     ^^v    oeiT   1300^    es- 
i.  aiijij     plains  Tyihat  vou  ftiroiild 
Icuow  about  engines  before  yon  ibiiy 
one.    Fill  out  CouDou.  etatias  size  ensrine 
Tou  need 


Any  worthy,  creditable  person,  anj'where 
in  the  U.  S.  can  buy  on  these  terms.  Arij'- 
one  can  order  without  risk.  I  guarantee 
safe  delivery  to  your  station.  All  WITTE 
Engines  sold  on  5-year  guarantee,  2  to  .SO 
h-p.  My  factory  is  the  largest  exclusive  en- 
gine factory  in  the  world,  selling  direct  to 
the  user,  any  style — Stationary,  Portable  or 
Saw  Rig:.  I  Shio  Yonr  EtaBine  Quiclt.  You 
ihoose  eng-ine  and  tulan  oif  ijayment.  WITTE 
Engines  are  best  lookinff.  best  balanced, 
easy  to  oDerate.  Money  Back  If  Not 
Satisfied  on  My  New  90  Dav  En- 
eine   Offer— FKEE. 

— ED.   H.  W>ITTE.  Pres. 

WITTE  ENGINE  WORKS 

SIGN    '''''^5$5^^.  '  ilQO  OaUland  Ave.. 
FOR  FREE  BOOK       Pittsbnrch.  Pa. 


iName 
Tovrn  , 
State 


IMail  'to  Witte  Engine  Worlis, 


fiJIWEL' 


RAILROAD 
WATCH 


ALL  SIZES. 
•Thin  Modek 


21  I'orfect  Jewels. 
ADJUSTKB   to 

Posations. 
ADJUSTED   fo 

Temperature. 

ADJUSTED  to 
Irochroniam. 

ADJUSTED  to 
the  second. 

Thin    .Model. 

All    SiMs. 


Write     To-Dar. 

?our   name  on  a 

aostal   brings  the 

Watch   Book. 


WATCH     PRICES     SHATTERED 

Right  NOiW-^In  the  face  of  advancing  iiiii 
this  offer  is  made  for  ititroductoi-y  piu'i'oses. 
PROFITIS  Ai'RiE  S.^lCREFIOED. *  Bny  now  be- 
fore this  offer  is  witM.rawn. 
You  can  NOW  secure  .a  "'Santa  Fc  Soecial" 
ivatch  on  EAST  TERMS  and  at  a  money  sav- 
ing iDriee.  arranged  for  distrifbution  uurixxses.  in 
fact,  much  helonv  present  da,y  watch  prices. 
The  "Santa  Fe  SueciaJ"  iva.tch  is  GU.i.RAN- 
TEED  to  p-ass  railroad  inspection.  GUARAN- 
TEED  to   last   a   lifetime. 

NEW    CASE    DESIGNS 

You  should  eee  the  "Sa-nta  Fe  Sipecial"  ia  or- 
der to  fully  .realize  fihe  heatity  of  the  newest  de- 
signs in  ca.=ies,  see  the  3-color  in)a(y  iwork  and 
tliink  how  ddstinctive  your  watich  would  bo  with 
your  own  name  or  monojraim  or  an  enxbletn  in- 
laid ill  tihe  gold  case.  See  the  FrencL.  Art  de- 
signs in  engraved  csisea  or  any  special  erriblem 
or  monogram,   executed  to  suit  you. 

Write  lor  the  New  Watch  Book  To-Day 

A  letter  or  your  name  on  a  postal  torings  the 
watch  took.  RiEAD  all  abuut  thia  watch,  the 
".Sianta  Fe  Special."  RE.\D  our  money  earing 
offer. 

SANTA  FE  WATCH  CO..  Dept.  108.  Topeka,  Kan. 


Dieges  &  Glust 

Mfg,  fe-weters 
J5  JOHN  STREET 
NEW  YORK 
Class  Pins—Athklic  Medals- 
Cups— Badges — L odgz    Pins 
Catalogue  W  I're©  on  Request 


NEW  RUPTURE  CURE 


DON'T  WEAR  A  TRUSS 

Bnooks'  AoDliance. 
New  discovery.  Won- 
derful. No  obnoxious 
stkrinss  or  pads. 
Automatic  Air  Ou- 
EhJon«.  Binds  and 
draws  the  broken 
parts  toE'ether  aa  you 
would  a  brolien  Umb. 
No  salves.  No  plas- 
ters.    No  lies.    Dur- 

cheap.     Sent    on    trial    to    pro<fe    It. 

information     and     booklet    TRESS. 

C.  E.  BROOKS,  leU-B  Stale  St..  Marsfiatl.  Mieb. 


able. 
Pull 


For  sale  by  all  the  leading  stationers. 
Send  10  cents  in  stamps  for  sam'ples. 

AARON'S  CHILLED  PENS 


Positively  the  smoothest  points  and  most  durable. 
Made  in  twenty  styles,  suited  to  all  penmen,  and  are  in- 
dorsed by  59,000  bankers,  court  officials,  railroads,  colleges, 
booklceepers,   etc. 
Manufactured  Expressly  for  the  Trade  by 

THE  D.  C.  AARON  PEN  CO.,  coE&"MisrSfiio. 

74 


TRAOe  MARK 


There  is  just  one  way  to 
remove  freckles  and 
make  the  skin  clear  and 
beautiful.  ft  is  in  this 
way  that  Kiulho  Cream 
gpts  rid  of  the  old, 
freckled  skin,  gradually 
and  harmlesslj^,  and  gives 
a  soft,  clear,  white, 
youthful  and  beraitiful 
skin,  which,  of  course, 
should  have  no  freckles. 

Just  get  a  box  of  Kintho 
Beauty  Cream  at  any 
drug  store  and  apply  it 
night  and  morning  as  di- 
rected, and  your  freckles 
should  begin  to  disap- 
pear in  a  day  or  two.  It 
is  well  to  get  a  cake  of 
Kintho  Soap  alsOj  as  this 
helps  to  keep  the  freckle=! 
away,  once  Kintho  has 
x-emoved  them. 


Jobaeco  Habi 


„  No  ciavins  for  tobacco  in   anv 

ra  form  when  you  besin  takins  To- 

gg  bacco    Reclecmer. 

"  Don't   trv    to   auit   the  tobacco 

m  habit     unaided.        It's     fi     losine 

eg  fiaht  ag-ainst  heavy  odds  and  means 

?Z  a  serions  Eihoclc   to  the  nervous   svs- 

m  tern.       L*t    the    tobacco    habit    (luit 

BB  yO'lJ.  '  It  will  emit  you    if  you  will 

™  lust     take    Tobacco    Ketleenier.    ac- 

m  cording    to    directions    for     bwo     or 

ga|  tlhree    days.       It,    is   a    most    marvel - 

^  ouislv  ouick   and  'thoroue*hlv  reliabJe 

M  reme'dy  for  the  tobacco  habit. 

■  NOT  A  SUBSTITUTE. 
Tobacco     Kertcemev     contains     no 

SB  habit    iforming'    druK.s    of    any    kind 

ra  It    is    in    no    sen.se    a    sub-stitute    ifor 

ra  tobacco       After  finishing  the   treat- 

g  ment  you  have  absoiutelv  no  desire 

~  to   use   tobacoo  asrain   or   to  continue 

H  the    use    of    tihe    remedy.       It   makes 

ra  not     a     Barticle     of     difference     how 

~  lone    you    have    been    using    tobacco. 

Hi  how  much  you   use  or  in   what  form 

m  vou     use     it — 'Whether     you     smoke 

™  ciffars     ciearotlcs     nine. ,  dhew    nlue 

Wi  or    fine    cut    or    use    snuff.    Tobacco 

ms  Ketseeiner      will      uositivcLv      banisJi 

™  cvoi  V   tiace  of  de.«ire   in  from   4  8    to 

B  7  2      hours.         This      we      absolutely 

g  g-uarantee    in    every    case    or    money 

„  reifundPd. 

H  Read   What   These   Jlcn    Say   About 

n  Tobacco    Reileeiner: 

™  "IT   SURE  DOES   THE  WORK." 

""  "Have     completed     the     course     of 

g  Tobacco   Redeemer  and   it   suie   does 

■_  the    work.       Have    beeii    a    constant 

"■  user   oif    tobacco   for    5  2   years. 

BI  "J.    H     Castholt.    Missouri." 

■>  tTSED   TOBACCO   FOR   33  YEARS. 

"  "Am    nerfectlv    satisfied    with    the 

H  -'ure.       Desire    for    tobacco    has    left 

B  me   entirely.      Eeins   a   tobacco  user 

~  for    32    years     I    know    what    I    am 

B  talldne    about.          A.    Bhle.    Wis." 

B  "AS    GREAT   AS    ADVERTISED." 

_-  "Tobacco      Recieemor     is      sure     a 

BB  wonderful   remedy       'Didn't   think   it 

m  would    cure    me      but    tried    it    and 

_  must  say  that   I   found  it  as  adver- 

U  tised.           Paul    Lauretz.    Oreson." 

»  SMOKED  FOR  35  YEARS. 

"  Am' 37    years   old.     Smoked   cigrar- 

H  ettes  and  pine  since  I  was  12  or  14. 

g  Did    not    think    I    could    auit.      Now 

_  have   no    desire    for     tobacco,     even 

H  hate  to  see  or  .smell  smoke.      Have 

■I  srained    15    nounds.      Am   unable    to 

2  exDlain     fulil     benefit     Tobacco     Re- 

■  deemer  haa  done  for  me.  but  in  mv 

■  owinion  it  is  worth  thousands  of 
"  dol'lars.      T.    J.    LauBhner.    Tenn." 

S  WHITF  fo'"    free    booklet    show- 

■  ■»»^*»»-<  iug  the  deadly  effect 
m  of  tobacco  UDon  the  svstem  and 
~  positive    oroof    that    Tobacco    Be- 

■  deemer   will   auicMy  (free  vou   fff  Che 

■  habit. 

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w  Hair  Growth 
After 


HAIR  GROWN  ON   MR.   BR5TTAIN'S   BALD    HEAD   BY 
INDIANS'    MYSTERIOUS    HAIR    GROWER 

My  head  at  the  top  and  tack  was  absolutely  bald.  The  scalp 
•was  shiny.  An  expert  said  that  as  he  thought  the  hiir  roots  were 
extinct,  and  there  was  no  hope  of  my  ever  liaving  a  new  hair  growth. 
Yet  now,  at  an  age  over  66,  I  have  a  luxuriant  growth  of  soft, 
strong,  lustrous  hair!  No  trace  of  baldness.  The  pictures  shown 
here  are  from  my  photographs. 


From  recent  photo. 


Indians'    Secret    of    Haii*    Growth    Free 

At  a  time  when  I  had  become  discouraged  at 
trying  various  hair  lotions,  tonics,  specialists' 
treatments,  etc.,  I  came  across,  in  my  travels,  a 
Cherokee  Indian  "medicine  man"  who  had  an 
elixir  that  he  asseverated  would  grow  my  hair. 
Although  I  had  but  little  faith,  I  gave  it  a  trial. 
To  my  amazeniient  a  light  fuzz  soon  appeared.  It  developed,  day  by 
day,  into  a  healthy  growth,  and  ere  long  my  hair  was  as  prolific  as  in 
my  youthful  days. 

That  I  was  astonished  and  happy  is  expressing  my  state  of  mind  mildly. 

Obviously,  the  hair  roots  had  not  been  dead,  but  were  dormant  in 
the  scalp,   awaiting  the  fertilizing  potency  of  the  mysterious'  pomade. 

1  negotiated  for  and  came  into  possession  of  the  principle  for 
preparing  this  mysterious  elixir,  now  called  Kotalko,  and  later  had 
the  recipe  put  into  practical  form  by  a  chemist. 

That  my  own  hair  growth  was  permanent  has  been  amply  proved. 
Many  men  and  women,  also  children,  have  reported  satisfactory  results  from  Kotalko. 


Photo  when  hold. 


How  YOU  May  Grow  YOUR  Hair 


RECIPE 


My  honest  belief  is  that  hair  roots  rarely  die  even  whea 
the  haif  falls  out  through  dandruff,  fever,  excessive  dryness 
or  other  disorders.  I  have  been  told  by 
experts  that  often  when  hair  falls  out 
the  roots  become  imbedded  within  the 
scalp,  covered  by  hard  skin,  so  that  they 
remain  for  a  time  like  bulbs  or  seeds  in 
a  bottle  which  Will  grow  when  fertilized. 
Shampoos  (which  contain  alkalis)  and 
hair  lotions  which  contain  alcohpl  are 
enemies  to  the  hair,  as  they  dry  it, 
making  it  brittle.  Kotalko  contains  those 
elements  of  nature  which  give  new 
vitality  to  the  scalp  and  hair.     To  prove 

the  GENUINENESS  of  Kotalko,  I  will  send  the  recipe  FEES 
on  request.  Or  I  will  mail  a  testing  box  of  Kotalko  with  the 
recipe  for  10  cents,  silver  or  stamps.  Satisfy  yourself. 
You  want  to  stjp  falling  hair,  eliminate  dandruff  or  cover 
that  bald  spot  with  healthy  hair.  Get  the  testing  box,  apply 
once  or  twice  daily— watch  in  your  mirror  1     Address: 


For  women's  hair. 

JOHN  HART  BRITTAIN,  BB-2S4,  Station  F,  New  York,  N.  Xs 


Enclosed  find   10   cents  for   whioh  .send  a  testing   box  of   famous  KOTALKO. 
the    Ksnuine    recine. 


a,,  so 


■Name    and    Address. 


.B!B-2!>4. 


77 


.low  We  Stopped  the  Leaks 
That  Kept  Us  Poor 

The  Discovery  Which  Enabled  Howard   Lindsay  and 

His  Wife  to  Save  One-third  of  Their  Income  and 

Later  Aided  Mr.  Lindsay  to  Become  President 

of   a   Large    Corporation — A   Secret 

That  Applies  to  Any  Income 


By 


Who  should  walk  into  the  room  but 
Howard  Lrtndsay!  Of  all  men  perliapg  the 
last  I  ihad  exoected  to  find  as  the  presi- 
dent of  thia  great  new  company.  They 
had  told  me  that  Mr.  Lindsay  of  the  Con- 
solidated was  lookins'  for  a  fine  country 
Jiome  and  was  interested  in  buyin?  the 
Dollard  Place  in  Ensrlewood;  so  as  execu- 
tor of  fhe  Dollard  estate  I  had  come  to 
discuss  the  terms   with  him. 

But  Lindsay!  Surely  some  miracle  had 
happened.  For  it  was  the  very  man  wno 
had  come  to  me  "dead  broke"  about  tour 
years  back  and  had  asked  me  to  help  him 
get  a  new  .iob.  But  how  he  had  changed ! 
The  man -I  remembered  was  down  at  the 
heel,  and  timid  and  ill-kemnt.  The  man 
now  facine  me  was  keen-eved.  alert,  con- 
fident and  well   s^roomed. 

"You  are  surprised,  Mr.  Otis,  I  can  S^'e 
that  without  your  tellins  me.  I  was  a 
pretty  sorrv  ob.iect  the  last  time  we  met — 
and  vou  may  be  sure  1  have  not  forgotten 
the  good  turn  you  did  me  when  I  needed 
it   so    badly. 

"Let  that  real  estate  matter  rest  for  a 
moment  while  I  tell  you  how  the  chanKe 
happened.  It  won't  take  five  minutes.  It 
all  seems  simple  as  A  B  C  as  I  look  back 
on  it  now.  And.  come  to  thinlc  of  it.  It  was 
simple   and   perfectly   natural. 


How  It  All  Began. 

"Our  new  life  began  when  we  discovered 
how  to  save  money.  That  happened  soon 
after  I  started  in  the  new  iob  you  helped 
me  secure.  And  it  all  came  about  right 
in  my  own  home.  Our  family  cash  account 
was  in  terrible  shape  at  that  time.  Both 
my  wife  and  I  had  been  used  to  luxuries 
'at  home  and  'charge  it  to  Dad'  had  been 
our  easy  way  out  of  any  money  problem. 

"But  it  was  different  now  and  our  sole 
source  of  supply  was  my  salary  of  $3,000. 
We  never  went  to  tlie  theatre  that  we 
didn't  have  the  uncomfortable  feeling  that 
we  were  using  money  that  ought  to  so 
.for  coal  or  clothes  or  'food.  We  seldom 
bought  anything  without  feeling  as  though 
we  were  cheating  ourselves  out  of  some- 
thin?  else. 

"That  year  we  didn't  save  one  cent.  Be- 
sides that  we  woke  up  on  New  Year's  Day 
to  find   a  big   bunch   of   unpaid    bills    to   be 


HARRISON  OTIS. 

takun  care  of  somehow  or  other  OU't  ol 
future  salary  checks. 

"When  I  asked  myself  fhe  reason  tor  all 
this  I  found  that  I  did  not  know  the  rea- 
son, and  no  more  did  my  wife,  because  — e 
hadn't  the  faintest  idea  what  our  money 
h?'i    been   spent    for. 

"Then  we  looked  around  among  our 
irlenda  and   leai'ned   a   great   lesson. 

•The  Weeds.  1  knew,  were  getting  more 
than  $5,000  a  year.  Thov  lived  in  a  mod« 
est:  apartment,  did  not  wear  fine  clothes, 
seldom  went  to  the  theatre,  did  little  cn- 
tertaininjj.  vet  we  knew  thev  barely  had 
enough  money  to  pay  current  bills.  TUey 
found  It  out  of  the  question  to  save  an.y 
money  and  found  themselves,  so  Weed  told 
me  in  the  same  predicament  that  we  had 
faced   on   New  Year's   Day.     ^  ^       - 

••in  the  case  of  the  Wells  I  found  a  very 
different  story  and  one  that  set  me  think- 
iii"  hard.  Their  income  v.fa3  .$2,000  a 
year  yet  to  mv  amazement,  thev  con- 
'ided  to  us  that  tb—  had  saved  $600  a 
year  ever  since  tlhev  were  married.  They 
didn't  have  any  grand  opera  in  their 
program — except  on  their  little  Victrola — • 
•out  thev  did  go  to  thq  theatre  regularly, 
they  wore  good  clothes,  entertained  their 
friends  at  their  home  and  were  about  the 
happiest  and  most  contented  coUDlo  of  all 
our    married-  friends. 


Our  Great  Discovery. 

"Then    I    discovered    the    niairio    secret. 

The  Weeds  never  knew  whether  they  could 
afford  to  make  a  given  expenditure  or  not. 
Theirs.  like  others,  was  a  careless,  happy- 
go-lucky  existence,  with  the  happiness  cut 
out  because  they  were  always  worried 
about  money  matters.  They  kept  no  ac- 
counts and  \iust  trusted  to  luck — ^and  so 
had  bad  luck  all  the  time. 

"The  Wells,  on  the  other  liand.  were 
getting  more  real  en.ioyment  out  of  life 
than  people  with  double  t'heir  income-— 
simply  because  thev  knew  what  the.v  could 
afford  to  suend. 

"The  difference  between  these  two  fami- 
lies was  that  in  one  case  the  expenditures 
were  made  without  any  plan — while  in  the 
other  the  income  was  regulated  on  a 
weeiflv    budget    system. 


78 


"Riffht  there  we  sot  our  Bier  Idea  and 
our  key  to  success  and  ihapoiness. 

"We  sat  down  that  evenlnpr  and  made 
up  a  budget  of  all  our  expenses  for  the 
next  fiftv-two  weeks.  We  discovered  leaks 
galore.  We  found  a  hundred  ways  where 
little  amounts  could   be  saved. 

"And  in  no  time  we  were  engaged  in  the 
most  fascinating  srame  either  of  us  had 
ever  played — the   game  of  'Money   SavinK.' 

"In  one  short  month  we  had  a  'strangle 
hold'  on  our  expenses  and  knew  just 
wliere  we  were  going.  In  one  year  my 
wife  proudly  produced  a  bank  boo'k  Show- 
.mg  atid.v  savings  account  of   S800. 

My  New  Grip  on  Business. 

"In  the  mean  time  an  extraordinary 
change  had  come  over  mo  in  business.,  be- 
cause of  mv  not  having  to  worry  about  my 
persona!  affairs.  I  was  able  to  give  my 
employer's  affairs  my  full,  undivided  at- 
tention during  business  hours.  Instead  of 
being  harassed  and  worried  as  I  Jiad  al- 
ways  been   before. 

•'I  didn't  fully  realize  this  until  the 
president  called  me  in  one  day  and  said, 
'Lindsay,  you  have  been  doing  exception- 
ally well.  I  have  been  studying  your  work 
for  the  last  year  and  you  'have  saved  the 
company  a  lot  of  money.  We  have  decided 
to  give  you  an  interest  in  the  business.' 
And  besides  that  he  doubled  my  salary,  I 
never  told  him  what  had  worked  the 
change,    but  my   wife  and   I   know  well. 

"Wihen  vou  consider  what  my  income  is 
now.  all  that  I  have  told  you  seems  funny, 
doesn't  it?  I  can  write  my  cneck  in  six 
figures  to-day.  and  my  new  salary  here  is 
S25.000  a  year.  But  I  am  still  working 
on  the  same  plan  that  I  used  to  keep  track 
of  that  original  $3,000.  Result.  I  Know 
lust  what  I  can  subscribe  to  Liberty  Bonds 
and  the  Red  Cross  and  all  the  other  war 
funds,  and  I  never  have  to  wonder  whether 
I  can  afford  to  have  a  new  niotor  car,  be- 
cause my   budget   tells  nie to  a  penny. 

''It  all  began  when  we  got  a  grip  on 
our   famiily    expenses. 

"So  there  you  are.  •  It  is  wonderful,  ibu't 
it?  -  I  often  wish  I  might  tell  my  story 
ro  the  thousands  of  young  married  couples 
who  are  having  tho  hardest  time  of  their 
lives  .iu5t  when  they  ought  to  be  ha\ing 
the    best    time. 

"If  vou  ever  get  a  chance,  do  pass  tais 
message  on.  for  there  are  thousands  who 
don't  know  what  the  trouble  is.  who 
would  give  everything  to  know  one  of  'the 
secrets  of   the  fat   bank  balance.'  " 

So  now  I   have  the  opportunity,   and  you 
are    lucky    if    only    you     will     act    on     the 
wonderful    message    this   story   contains. _ 
HARRISON    OTIS 

The  Magic  Budget  Plan. 

The  Ferrin  Jlonev  Saving  Account  Book 
is  built  on  the  experience  of  Howard  JLilnd- 
say.  It  ia  simplicitv  in  itself.  It  contains 
112  pages,  size  8i/4xlO%  inches,  and  is 
bound  in  dark  blue  seal  grain  imitation  lea- 
ther, semi-flexible,  stamped  in  gold.  This 
book  has  been  prepared  by  an  expert  and 
fits  any  salary  from  the  smallest  to  the 
largest. 

This  wonderful  aid  to  money-making — 
this  watchdog  of  your  income  and  expendi- 
tures  properly     kept     will     tell     you     to     a 

•penny  -where  your  money  goes.  It  will 
keep  absolute  track  of  your  expenditures. 
It  Willi  keep  you  out  of  debt.  It  will  help 
put  money  in  .the  bank.  It  will  provide, 
as  nothing  else  can.  a, 'feeling  of  security, 
self-confidence  and  independence  that 
comes  only  from  the  knowledge  that  vou 
have  a  tidy  and  growing  bank  account. 


The    Ferrin    Money   Saving  Accu 
is  the  first  and  only  device  of  its  k 
is     the     only     account     book     based     0^ 
budget   idea.      It  is  the  only  one   that  v 
vides  for  the   income   as   well   as   the  cla^^w 
fied    items    of    expense.       It    contains    com 
pact    information    on 

Keeoiiig  Expeiiso  Accounts. 

Making  an  Inventor.v  of  Householil  Goods. 

Making    Safe    Investments. 

Alakiiis   »  Budget. 

A  Few  Minutes  a  Day. 

The  Ferrin  System  takes  only  a  few  min- 
utes a  day.  No  knowledge  of  bookkeeping 
is  required.  Any  giammar  school  boy  or 
girr  can  keep  the  accounts  in  tho  Ferrin 
Book.      This  method  is  not  a  hard  task. 

Now  you  need  not  worry  about  the  money 
vou  spend  for  clothes,  food,  rent  or  fhe 
tfieatre.  You  will  sPend  it  freely  because 
vou  will  know  how  niucli  you  fan  affonJ 
to  snentl. 

Read  the  followin'g  letter  from  'Mr.  Carle- 
ton  F.  Brown.  Treasurer  nnd  General  Man- 
ager of  the  'Corona  Typewriter  Company: 

"I  today  received  the  Ferrin  Money  Sav- 
ing Account  Book,  and  on  showing  it  to 
some  of  mv  friends  they  were  very  much 
impressed  with  the  idea  and  reauested  me 
to  order  one  for  theni.  I  would,  therefore, 
appreciate  it  if  you  would  send  me  five 
more  of  these  Fei»rin  Saving  Account  Books. 
I  am  sendine-  you  herewith  my  check  for 
SI 2.00  to  cover  the  cost  of  these  five  in 
addition  to  the  one  which  I  have  .iU3t  le- 
ceived." 

Also  the  following  fj-om  I\Ir.  D,  G.  Shep- 
hard.  Publicity  Jfanager  of  tho  Fairmont 
Gas  Engine  and  Railway  Motor  Car  Com- 
pany: 

".My  wife  and  T  have  been  making  entrie.'.-  - 
in    the    book    only    a,    little    over    one    wsek. 
and   already    have   discovered   many   hou&e- 
'hold     'leaks*     to     an    approximate     sum     of 
$5.00.        We    have    the    Ferrin     method    to  \ 
than.lv    for    these    discoveries.  j 

Send  No  Money.  { 

Seo  how  magically  the  Ferrin  Book  ] 
worl.s.  no  matter  hOH'  much  or  how  little  I 
your  income.  Wc  know  what  vou  wll!  i 
think  of  it  wlien  you  see  it.  So  we  are  \ 
willing  to  send  you  the  book  without  VJur  ■ 
sending  us  any  money  in  advance.  Jusi  ■ 
mail  the  coupon  and  back  will  come  the  ' 
book  by  return  mail.  When  you  nave 
seen  what  big  returns  the  Ferrin  System  '■ 
V!\\\  pay  vou.  send  us  only  $2.  If  you  i 
:eel  that  you  can  afford  not  to  have  It.  i 
return  the  book  and  owe  us  nothing.  Act  j 
now.  for  the  sake  of  your  bank  account 
■and  your  future. 

FREE  EX.IMTX.ITION  COIPOX. 


Division  of  Business  ■Education,  Dept,  721, 

119   West    40th    St..    New    York. 
Pibblishers    of    The    Indep evident    (and 

Harper's   Weekly). 
Please  send  nie  the  Ferrin  Money   Saving 
Account     Book    on    Freo    Fxamination.       J 
will   send   you   $2    within    5    days   after   re- 
ceipt,  or   return   tho  book. 


Nanip     . 
Address 


W.A.  1-19 


79 


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At  all  Hardware  and  Sporting  Goods  Houses. 

t.  W.  FERDINAND  &  CO. 
152  Kneeland  Street,  Boston,  Mass.,  O.  S.  A. 


U.  S.  standard  Army  Pneumatic  Pillow 

IT  FITS   THE  KIT  OR  POCKET 

•when  deflated.  No  DumD  reauired  to  inflate. 
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80 


Got  the  Job! 


"I'm  to  be  Manager  of  my  Department  starting  Monday.  Th° 
boss  said  he  had  been  watching  all  the  men.  When  he  found  i 
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make  good.  Now  we  can  move  over  to  that  house  on  Oaklano 
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Nell,  taking  that  course  with  the  I.  C.  S.  was  the  best  thing  1 
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INTERNATIONAL  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOLS 

BOX  4393,  SCRANTON,  PA. 

Please  explain,  without  obUgating  me,  how  I  can  qualify 
for  the  position  before  which  I  mark  X. 


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Commercial  Law 
HBUSINESS 

l]0«rtltled  Fob.  Aooouiitaut 
Bookkeeper 
Stenographer 
ILLUSTRATOR 
Window  Trimmer 
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Civil  Service 

OTEACHER 

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81 


FRECK.L 


Don't  Hide  Them  With  a  Veil;    Remove 
Them  With  The  Othine  Prescriptiosi 


This  prescription  for  tlie  removal  of  freckles  was  written  by  a 
prominent  physician  and  is  usually  so  successful  in  removing 
freckles  and  giving  a  clear,  beautiful  complexion  that  it  is  sold  by 
druggists  under  guarantee  to  refund  the  money  if  it  f<iils. 

Don't  hide  your  freckles  under  a  veil;  get  an  ounce  of  othine 
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Be  sure  to  ask  the  druggist  for  the  double  strength  othine;  it  is 
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Othine  can  be  bought  by  the  ounce  from  any  druggist. 


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82 


..•'S&JR^^^ 


Electricity 


is  so  closely  allied  in  almost  every  branch  of 
science,  commerce  and  industry  that  every  one, 
regardless  of  their  profession  or  occiipation,  should 
have  a  thorough  practical  knowledge  of  electricity. 
We  are  teaching  a  course  of  "practice"  embracing  everything 
that  Is  to-day  electrical.     In  this  School  you 

LEARN  BY  DOING 

Write  for  our  free  catalog  or  visit  the  school  at  5'our  convenience. 
SCHOOL    IN    SESSION    ALL    YEAR. 

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49  West  17th  Street        -       -       NEW  YORK 


ilEillT  iOLlE^^^^ 


TWO 

SCHOOLS 


EVIKING 


Three    Year   Course   Leading  to  the  Degree  of  LL.B.', 
^Qf-V*     Voni*        BEGINS    SEPTEMBEJK    32.    1919 

£tzn.ri.    i  edjr      spring  term  begins  febritabv  lo.  i9i9 

Faculty   includes   thirty   meinibers  of   the   Detroit   bench  and    bar.      Students   have 
access   to   22   courts  in   Daily   Session.    -Descriptive  ca.'talog   and  ifuU   iniormation   on 
request.     Location  and  eauioment  oflfer  special   advantages  and  attractions.     Bureau 
of  Sel'f  Help  ma.intainod. 
Address,  Detroit  CoUege  of  Law,  301  \'.  51.  C,  A,  Biiildiiigr,  Detroit,  Mich. 


ANKER 


Learn    Tjy    mail.      Big    demand    for    men    and    women.      Short    ihours.    all 
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"How    to    Become    a   Banker."    by    Edgar    G.    A'loorn. 
Ainericau  School  of  Baiildii^,  Dept.  102,  1S5  E.  State  St.,  Columbus,  O. 


Write  for  FREE  BOOK  To-day. 
40T  Meyer   Building      -       -       »       .. 


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83 


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awiarded   hiR-liest   honors  in   all  In- 
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21  GoJd  Medals.  America.  Eurone.   | 

"We  have  placed  thousands  in 
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there  is  room  for  many  others. 
Instruiction  book  on  Deslfrninff  in 
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44  W.   34th   St..  N.  Y.  O. 


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GOOD  HEALTH 
YOUR  BIRTHRIGH 

ARE  YOU  BEING  CHEATED 
OUT  OF  IT? 


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to  learn  that  Health  is  simply  the 
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guage in  Dr.  Lindlahr's  wonderful 
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N ATUBE        CUBE 

Cloth  Bonnd— 438  Tages 
SBM  T       FBJBE 

From  tJie  forty  chapters 
whiali  comprise  the  contents, 
the  few  iollovime  .ciaDter 
headinss  will  serve  as  an  jn- 
(lioation  of  the  scope  and 
extent  of  scientific  reseiarch 
set  foa'tti  in  tHus  remarka.ble 
book: 

Wkat  is  Nature  Ciu-e? 
Wihat  is  Life?  The  Thiee 
Primary  Ca-uees  of  Disease — 
The  Laws  of  Cure — Suiupres- 
sion  Veirsus  Elimiriation ; 
Siu»txressioii  the  Cause  ot' 
Ohronio  Disease — .Inflamma- 
tion— Effects  of  Suippressdon 
on  Venereal  Diseases:  De- 
sttiwtive  After  Bfifeets  of 
Mercurj — "Snppi'essiTe"  Sui- 
sical  Tieatmeut  of  TonsUi- 
;is  and  Enlarged  Aderroitla — 
Cancer — ^Woman's  ^Suffering 
— Treatment  of  Acaite  Dis- 
ea.se  b.v  N-atural  'MeBhods — 
Da".  Osier  on  "iMedicine" — 
The  DiDlitheria  Antitoxin — 
Vaccination — S-Qi'gery.  De- 
struction or  Cure — 'Chrondc 
Diseases — Crisis:  Disease 
Crisis;  Healing  Crisis — Dd- 
a,ffnosia  from  taie  Eve;  The 
Story  of  a  Great  Discovery 
— iNatnral  Dietetics:  Mixing 
Finite  'arad  Vegetables:  Mix- 
ins  St^irohes  and  Acid 
Fntits— ^'aeting — Hyciroi;hor- 
ai)v— ^Air  and  LiKht  Batilis — 
Concct  Breathing — ^Exercise. 
Massage:  Osteopathy.  OMra- 
praotic — Legitimate  Scope  of 
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Healing — Menta.l  Tiheraipen- 
tics^— StrengtihenipK  of  Will 
Power   and   Self-CoutJ'ol. 


Name . 


Address. 


85 


/ai/in 


Year 


THOUSANDS  OF  MEN  4ND  WOMEN  WANTED 

by  Government  Departments  and  Private  Concerns  to  make  mechanical 
di-awinf;s.  Salaries  up  to  $2,400  and  $3,000  a  year  to  start  and  Big 
Chances  for  Steady  Promotion  to  as  higli  as  $5,000.  Work  is  easy  and 
positions  permanent.  We  teach  von  at  liome  in  your  spare  Time,  fur- 
nish DRAWING  OUTFIT  FREE  and  lielp  you  secure  position.  Hun- 
dreds of  our  graduates  now  holding  excellent  positions  as  Draftsmen 
and  Chief  Draftsmen.  Write  TO-DAY  for  particulars  and  illustrated 
BOOK  telling  why  ours  is  the  school  for  YOU. 

Columbia  School  of  Drafting  washSS?on?D.  c 


HOW  TO  PASS  EXAMINATIONS 

Prepare  by  Studying  Past  Examinations 


Com.  Draper 

li  Yi-s.  Exam. 
14  ya-3.  Exam. 
14  Yi-s.  Kxam. 
14  TaB.  lixam. 
14  Yra.  i;xam. 
U  Yrs.  Kxam. 
14  Yrs.  Kxam. 
14  Yis.  Exam. 
14  Yre.  Kxam. 
14  Yis.  Exam. 
14  Yrs.  Exam. 
34  Yrs.  Exam. 
14  Yi-i.  Exam. 
14  Yrs,  Exam. 
14  Yrs.  Exam. 
14  Yrs.  Exam. 
14  Yrs.  E-vam. 
14  Yrs,  Exam, 
14  Yrs.  Exam. 
14  Yra,  Exam. 
50O  Questions 


These  psst  examinations,  reviewed  carefully,  will 
prepare  the  student  to  pass  any  teachers,  Regents 
or  Civil  Service  examination  offered  in  any  state  In 
the  Union.  These  examinations  were  prepared, 
nearly  all  of  them,  under  the  direct  supervision  of 
Judge  Draper,  late  State  Commissioner  of  E^lucation 
for   New    York. 


iu  Aiithmetic,* 
in  Gva.mmar. 
in  Geography, 
in  Physio lixgy, 
in  Methods, 
in  Civil  Gov., 
in  U.  S.  Hist., 
in  Eng.  Com"?., 
in  Bookkeeping, 
in  iSohool  Law, 
in  Algebra,* 
in  Gen.  Hist., 
in  Bihetovic, 
in  Litei"atiire, 
in  Botany, 
in  Physics, 
in  Oliemistry, 
dn  Zoology, 
in  Geology, 
in  School  Econ. , 
in   Beading. 


with  Ans.  .25 
with  Ans.  .25 
with  Ads.  .25 
\vitlh  Ans.  ,25 
•with  Ans.  .25 
witli  Ans,  .25 
with  Ans.  .25 
nith  .Ans,  .25 
with  Ans.  .25 
witlli  Ans.  .25 
with  Ans.  .25 
witli  Ans.  .25 
witii  Acs,  .25 
with  Ans,  .25 
with  Ans.  .25 
with  Ans.  .25 
with  Adb.  .25 
with  Ans.  .25 
wth  Ans.  ,25 
with  AoB.  .25 
with  Ans,  .23 


to 


*Solutions     given 
aH  problems. 

Price  of  any  one 
subject,  25  cents;  any  14  subjects,  $1.50; 
21  subjects  complete  for  $2.00,  wh'ch 
is  less  than  10  cents  for  each  subject. 


These  Past  Examinations  with  their 
Answers  wi'U  help  you  if  you  are  going 
to  take  an  Examination,  whether  it 
be  a  Teacher's  Examination  or  an  ex- 
aiTiination  under  the  Civil  Service.  Why 
pay  big  money  when  "Vou  can  prepare 
yourself  at  small  expense? 


BALL  PUBLISHING  COMPANY,  Box  86,  Rocliester,N.  Y. 

86 


Experts  name  their  own  salaries — and  they  get  what  tiiey  ask  for. 
Why?  Because  they  have  specialized — they  are  experts  in  their  par- 
ticular line.    Others  guess,  suppose,  and  imagine.     Experts  KNOW. 

Specialize  and  Win!  It's  only  the  poorly  paid  jobs  that  are  crowded. 
The  big  $5,000  and  $10,000  positions  are  always  seeking  men  and 
women  who  have  specialized. 

EARN    $15    A   DAY 

You  are  paid  wliat  you  are  worth — no  more,  no  less.     Make  yourself 

worth    more    and    you'll    get    more.       Equip    yourself    with     special 

knowledge  and  you"ll    get    a    specialist's    salary — $15    to    $25    a    day 

and  more. 

Men  and  Women — why  not  get    out    of   the    crowded    jobs?      There's 

nothing  in  it,  now  or  in  tlie  future^— and  you  know  it!     Specialize — 

that's  the  answer.     Think  it  over  and  you'll  agree. 

It  isn't  hard  to  gain  a  specialist's  knowledge.     You  can  easily  learn  at 

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87 


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ALBERT  ROMEIKE  &  CO.,  (nc. 
The  Reliable  Press  Clipping  Bureau 

Press  Clippings 

Are  to-day  a  necessity  for  the  modern, 
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We  supply  our  patrons — business  men, 
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Terms:    $5.00    per    100    Clippings. 
Special     rates     on     larger     orders     and 
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III. 


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88 


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— just  what  SHORTHAND  ought  to  be- — a  short,  simple  system.  You  have  only  to 
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94 


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Enlarge  Your  Stock  of  Words— 
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Place- 
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Distinguished  (Novelist  and 
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"A  student  -who  intelli- 
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will  know  what  he  is  talk- 
ing about  when  he  talks  Or 
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Wiri'te  for  it  TO-DAT  on  a  postcard  to 
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354-60  FOURTH   AVE.  New  York.  N.  Y. 

95 


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^ __,    Are    you    unable    to    do 

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mU  qmcMy  train  you  to  speak  forcefully  and 
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talk  before  your 


KE  SULT  S  ! 

Your  Course  is  a  most 
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■»»»"»  North  American  Institute -"""""♦ 


,  J911    Manhattan    BIdcr.,    Cbicaero.    HI. 

'Gentlemen: — IPIcase  send  mo  without  obUga- 

tiott  full  dC'tails  of  your  Couree  in  Bflfective  iPuB- 

Uci  BpeaMng   and  (Mental  Development  as  well 

'  as  particulars  of  your  Special   Limited   Wfer. 

J   Name 

Address 

I  


IN  T 

Get  the  Beauty 
Methods  of  This 
Beautifial  Woman 

Will  Ten 
Every  Reader 
oJ  This  Al- 
manac How- 

I  only  ask  that  you  write  me  first. 

Send  no  money.  All  confidential.  No 
one  else  will  know.  Then  to  you,  and 
a,ny  reader. of  this  Almanac,  I'll  give 
full  details  of  my  wonderful  and  as- 
tonishing treatment.  No  obligations. 
No  risk.     You  be  the  sole  judge.     I  offer  thi.g  fairly  and  truthfully — FREE  to  you. 

My  great  complexion  beauty  marvel  has  instantly  produced  a  sensa- 
tion. Tou  can  try  it  without  risk  and  prove  a/ll  I  say — all  that  thousands  of  others 
say  who  know  the  results.  Stubborn  cases  halve  been  cured  that  baffled  the  physi- 
cians and  beauty  specialists  for  years.  You  have  never  in  your  life  used  or  hea:d 
of  anything-  like  it.  Will  make  muddy' complexions,  red  spots,  pimples,  black- 
heads, eruptions  vanish  almost  like  magic.  All    Methods 

Now  Known  are 
Cast  Aside  by 
Pearl    La    Sage 

former   actress  -nho   now   of- 


No  cream,  lotli^n,  enamel,  salve,  plaster,  bandage,  mask. 

ma.5.sage,  diet  or.  apparatus,  nothing  to  swallow.  It  doesn't  matter 
w.hetjiier  or  not  your  complenion  is  a  "fright."  whether  your  face  is 
fiill  of  muddy  spo-ts;  (peppery  blackheads,  embarrassing  pdmples  and 
eruptions,  or  whether  your  .skm  is  loilgh  and  "^lorey,"  and  you've 
tried  almost  eveio'thiug  uuilev  tdie  sun  to  get  rid  of  the  blemishes. 
TJris  Tvonderful  treatment,  in  just  ten  days  positively  removes  every 
hlemish  and  beautifies  your  .sUin  in  a  marvellous  way.  You  look  yeai-s 
yoimger.  It  gives  the  bloom  and  lint  of  purity  of  a  fi-eshly  blown 
rose.  In  ten  days  you  can  be  the  subject  of  bhe]  wild,  fidmiration  of 
all  youi-  friends,  no  matter  what  your  ag«  or  condition  of  health. 

So,  this  minute,  send  me  your  name  and  address  on  the 
free   couuou,   or  postal  or   letter,   and  by   return   mail   I   will   write  you 
full  details  in  plain  sealed  envelope  free.    Decide  now  and  do  it  for 
jour  own  greater  happiness. 
^/v^/w^'»'^/^'^'^/^'^'^'FREE    COUPON 


Pearl  La  Sag-e,  Suita  650, 

4325  Drexel  Boulevard,  Chicag-o,  III. 

I  am  a  reader  of  this  Almanac  and  am  entitled  to  knoTV  full 
details  of  the  sensational,  haiinless,  scientific  method  for 
giving  marvelJous  beauty  to  the  complexion  and  removing 
every  blemish  dn  ten  dnys.  There  is  ilo  obligation  what- 
ever on  my  part  for  this  information. 

Name •  •  • 

■SIreci. •  •  • 

City ..;. Stale Ex. 

96 


fers  to  tell  women  of  the 
most  remarkaible  complexion 
treatment  -  ever  known  — 
Nothing  io  Wear.  Nothing 
to  Take  Intenially— Abso- 
lutely Harmless  and  Ple.ia- 
ant  to  Use.  Yooj  Com- 
plexion Can  Look  liike 
Hers  If  You  Will  Send 
Me  Your  Name. 

I  Promise  You 

Your  face,  even  arms,  bands, 
shoulders  are  beautiful  beyond  your 
fondest  dreams.  All  this  I  will 
Bbsolutely  prove  to  you  before  your 
own  eyes  in  your  mirror  in  ten 
flays.  This  treatment  is  absolutely 
harmless  to  the  most  delicate  skin 
lind  very  pleasant  to  use.  No  change 
In  your  mode  of  living  necessary. 
Few  minutes  every  day  does  it. 
YOU",  Too,  'Can  Now 
Have  a  BEAUTIFUL 
Complexion   at  Once 


Wts*^ ,  KNEWPF  SO(ME 


k 


rOl'R  wish  can  be  sratified.  The  Jlarincllo  School 
of  Beauty  Ciilture  offers  yon  the  means  of  iimitine 
inoneTt  BIG  money  oif  your  very  orti.  The  lareest 
collese  of  the  kind  in  the  ■world. 

Every  factor  of  the  science  of  beauty  culture  ia 
tauerht  in  the  most  thorouehly  scientific  manner. 
Every  airl  or  woman   comDietinff  course  at  the 

MARINELLO  SCHOOL  OF  BEAOTY  CULTURE 

becomes    an    expert     cosmetician. 

V\      fHi  A  ^^2  to  $25  a  Week 

^S^     ^^SfA^'\  ^^  ffnarantee  you  a  Dosition  as  soon  as  yoia  ooal- 

\~— -S'jif-*«|[A'     \   ify  or  jou  may  o-nen.  a  shon  of  your  own.    Thousands 
/^    ^v^  \         \  of  Martnello  show  owners  are  now  earninc  froxn  S1.500 

If  V  \        Vto  S5.00O  a  year.     If   you  wish,   you   may  cive  treat- 

^>^  \^     \      \  raeiits  in  your  own  liome  in  sware  minutes  and  reaJize 

a    sreater    income    from    a    few    liours    of    nleasant 
^  \       eitinJoyment  each  wedk  titan  the  averace  woman 
'.'Ov   worker  malies  in   twice   the   time.    Wiietlier   you 
\(\   u'ork  for  yourself  or  work  for  others  you'll  fuid  a 
.•^*-J'    final,     sartisifactory    answer    to    the    onestion 
"How  can  I  make  some  money  for  myself?" 
Write  immediateLv   for  our      handsomely  illustrated   catalosme   and   full 
particulars  of  what  we  have  done  for  other  women  situated  inst  as  you  ar«. 

MARINELLO  COMPANY 

Deut.  19.  Mailers  Bids:..  Chicaao. 


of 


Hair  Trouble  Successfully  Treated 


CALVACURA    STOPS    HAIR    FALLING 

THE  CATjVACTJRA  METHOD  is  a  scientific,  natiiral  method,  invariably  piodncing  gratifying 


results. 


Mrs.    Lina    Belperio. 

whose  pihotogi-aph  appeal's 
here,  sent  \is  a  veiy  in- 
tei'eeting  sworn  statement 
of  the  i-emarkalble  results 
she  and  her  oliildren  ob- 
tained from  the  Calvacuxa 
Method.  We  wonld  lik« 
to  send  jou  a  copy  of 
this  Btatement. 

Mrs.     John     Mnlouln 

writes:  "The  saanple  box 
.started  a  gi'O'wth  of  new 
hair  and  I  am  so  pleased 
I  am  sending  for  a  fuU 
treatment." 

Mr.  Frank  H.  Wrisrht 

says:  "Your  CalTaciira 
Xo.  1  cmed  me.  also  mj 
hroither-in-law.  and  I  can 
recommend  it  to  any  one." 

Do  YOH  Suffer  from 
Dandruff,  Falling  Hair, 
Prematurely  'Gray  Hair, 
Stripy,  StMcy  o'r  Matted 
Hair.  Itcliiug  or  Eczema 
of  the  Scalp?  Are  you 
bald  headed  or  nearly  so? 
>  Delays  Are  Danarer- 
ous — 'If  .von  S'liififer  from 
any  of  the  hair  troutiles 
iiventioned  aboTe.  do  not 
neglect  it.  tay  to  relieye 
the  trouble  at  once.  Let 
va  send  j-ou  our  illustrated 
lj(>ok,     "The    Triumph    of 


From   Photograph — Not   Ketonched. 


Successful    Scientific    Treatment; 
97 


Science  Orer  Baldness." 
and  a  liberal  sample  of 
Calvacnra, 

Simple    Test If     you 

fiwl  hairs  adhere  to  .vour 
comb,  examine  fhem  close- 
ly. If  the  root  is  pale, 
di7,  dead  loolciag,  take 
warning;  correct  the 
trouble  if  you  want  to 
save  yonr  hair  and  make 
it  grow. 

Let  Us  Prove  to  vou 
by  sending  you  a  .Samule 
Treatment  thai  the  Cal- 
vacnra Natm'al  .Method  of 
Hair  Cnlture  st0i)3  the 
falling  of  hair,  driving 
away  dandruff  an.l  eczema 
of  the  scalp  and  promotee 
tlie  growth  of  'J.e.w  hair. 
We  will  send  a  liberal 
samlple  of  Cah-acura  No. 
1  and  our  illustrated  book 
on  the  care  of  the  hair 
and  scalp,  if  you  will 
write  your  name  and  ad- 
dres-s  plainly  '-"ii  ^i  pipce 
of  paiper  and  enclose  it 
with  ten  cents  silver  or 
stamps,  as  evideuce  df  your 
good  faith,  in  an  envelope 
addressed  Union  I/abor- 
atory.  212  Iflth  St.. 
Bine:hamton,  N.  Y. 
DO  IT  XOVV.  BEFOREl 
VOU    FORGET. 


esTABt-iSMeo  ias7 


I^  "\A/A  LK  EASY" 

ARTIFICIAL    LEG 

Combines  all  the  Latest  Iinpi-oveinents.    Ackiiowledgecl  by  all  weai-ers  the 
Walk.    most,  iliii-able,  c<)iiirm-lable  ami  easiest  to  walk  on  of  any   leg  made.     Our 

e«»v     large  illustrated  catalogue,  "THE  MAKING  OF  A  MAN,"  sent  free  on  request 


ELASTIC  HOSIERY 

Made  to  Mcasiii-e  from  Fresh 
tstoeki  Insiii'inH  Best  Kesiilts. 

Duplicates  can  oe  secured  at  any  time 
from  our  records. 

Self-Measurement  Blanks 
sent  on  request. 

Satisfaction  Guaranteed 


ABDOMINAL  SUPPORTERS 

SHOULDER  BRACES 

DEFORMATORY  APPLIANCES 

CELLULOID  JACKETS  FOR 

SPINAL  CURVATURE 

CRUTCHES,  ETC. 


Send   for   Free   Book   About   PAINFUL  FEET 

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Flat  Feet  Send  for  Catalogue.  Trusses  That  Fit 


George   R.    Fuller  Co., 


Branch  Factovleg  \ 


230    ANDREWS    STREEI 
ROCHESTEK.  N.  Y. 

BUFFAI-O,  BOSTON,  PHILADELI'HIA,  , 

141  Ellicott  Street.  17  Biomfi»)il  Street.  1233  Arch  Btreet. 


YOU    HAVE  A   BEAUTIFU 

.    BUT  rOUR  NOSE? 


BEFORE 


IN  THIS  DAT  AND  AGS  attention  to 
your  appearance  is  an  absolute  neces- 
sity if  you  e.xpect  to  make  the  most 
out  of  life.  .  Not  only  should  you  wish  to 
appear  as  attractive  as  possible,  for  your 
<xwn  self-satisfaction,  •which  is  alone 
well  worth  your  efforts,  but  you  will  find 
the  world  In  general  judginlg  you  greatly, 
if  not  wholly,  by  your  "looks,"  there- 
fore it  pays  to  "look  your  best"  at  all 
times. 


AFTER 


Permit  no  one  to  see  yow  looking  other- 
wise; it  will  injure  yx)ur  welfare!  Upon 
tlhe  impression  you  constantly  make 
rests  the  failure  or-  success  of  your  life. 
Which  is  to  be  your  ultimate  destiny? 
My  new  Nose-Shaper,  "TRADOS"  (Model 
24).  corrects  now  Ill-shaped  noses  with- 
out operation,  quickly,  safely  and  per- 
manently. "Is  pleasant  and  does  not 
interfere  with  one's  daily  occupation, 
being    worn    at    night. 


Write  today  for  free  booklet,  which  tells  you  how  to  correct  ill-shaped  noses 
loithout    cost  if  not   satisfactory. 

M.  TRILETY,  Face  Specialisi     1032  Ackerman  Bld^  Binghamlon,  N.  Y. 


98 


For  Swollen  Vei 


ik. 


SOIB.NCB  lias  fiiund  a  way  for  you 
to  hear — pei'fectly.  Tlie  wonderful 

LITTLE  GEM  EAR  PHONE 

doubles  the  joy  of  living.  LooU  if  it 
aud  you  SEE  the  dimplest  -and  cHiiilWt 
liEariug  device  iu  the  world;  vis  '<i  :u",J 
yon  FEEL  you  have  the  most  wuiKl<fi' 
iul  piee-e  of  uiecliauism  yet  devioed  iot 
^ifflicted  humanity. 

^'he  absolute   suiieriority  of   the   Little 
Gem*  was   recognized   at   tlie    Panama- 
Pacific    Exyosition,    where    it    received 
the  Gold  Medal,  highest  award  for  eai 
phones,  in  competition  with  the  world 
Write    for   booklet   "Cause   Tliine 
Ear  to  Hear"  and  learn  how  you 
may    o'btain    our    $10    Aiy(o     Ear 
Massase  FREE,  which  stops  head 
noises  and  improves  hearing.- 
Gem  Ear  Phone  Co..  Iuc> 
802-"U'A   Marbridge   BIO^.. 
R'wnv  -nn,!    .^J-li    S;.. 


jJgJIM^JiJ 


mmrnm 


With  this  eouiitry  entering  its  second 
.^ear  In  the  "World  War"  it  is  doubtful  if 
the  soiig  which  will  be  known  as  the  '"Hit 
of  the  War"  has  as  yet  made  its  appear- 
nnce.  While  it  Is  true  that  such  War 
Song^  as  "Over  There"  and  "Liber-ty  Bell" 
have  "made  some  impression,  have  Our 
Boys  adopted  another  "It's  a  Long  Way  to 
Tipperary."  which  has  been  the  great 
favorite  with  the  "English  Tommies"? 
Inasmuch  as  SLvera!  Commanders  of  our 
trainin>,'  cantonments  have  requested  bays 
in  the  service  to  vvrire  such  a  song,  it 
appears    to   be    still    wanting. 

Have  yo"  au  idea  which  you  thiiilv  imslit 
be  used  as  tlie  sub.iect  Vov  a  Patriotic  or 
^■»'ar  Song?  If  so.  you  may  secure  some 
valuable  information  and  assistance  by 
writinsr  for  a  Vvfe  Cop.v  of  our  new  book- 
h  t  entitled  "SOXG  ^VUlTEiiS'  MANl'AI, 
AXD  Crl'lDK."  Wfl  revise  song- poems, 
compose  and  arrange  mu^ic.  secure  copy- 
right and  facilitate  free  pablication  or 
outrig:ht  sale. 

Poems   subniitteil   examined    FREiE. 

KNICKERBOCKER  STUDIOS 

82  Gaiety  Bldg.,   New  York  City 


>if;VTKe;ANTtSEi»tlCi  LINIMENT    :   " 


T  WHS  not  known  to  us  that 
Absorbine,  Jr.,  would  relieve 
swollen  veins  until  a  few  years 
a-g-Q.  Then  we  did  not  find'  thi.s 
out  for  our.selves.  The  discovery 
was  made  by  an  old  gentieman 
who  'had  suffered  witli  swollen 
veins  for  nearly  fifty  years.  He 
•Ivad  imade  many  unsuccessful  ef- 
forts to  get  relief  and  finally  tried 
Absoi-bine,  Jr.,  l^nowiag  its  value 
in  reducing'  sweirings,  aches,  pains 
and  soreness.  Absorbine,  Jr.,  re- 
lieved him.  He  told  us  that  after 
he  had  ap'pMed  Absorbine,  Jr.,  reg- 
ivlarly  for  a  few  weeks  liis  legs 
were  smooth  as  when  he  was  a 
■boy  and  all  the  pain  and  soreness 
had  ceased.  Thousands  have  since 
iTsedfhis antiseptic  liniment  for  this 
■purpose  with  remarkaibly  gdod  re- 
sults. Absorbine,  Jr.,  is  made  of 
oils  and  extracts  from  pure  herbs, 
and  when  ru'bbed  upon  the  skin  is 
quickly  taken  up  (aJbsorbed)  by 
the  pores;  the  blood  circulation  in 
surrounding  parts  is  thereby 
stimulated   and   healing   helped. 

Absorbine,  Jr..  leaves  no 
residue,  the  odor  is  pleas- 
ing and  the  immediate  ef- 
fect soothing  and  cooling. 
Though     absolutely 
harmless    (o    human    tis- 
sues,   Absorbine,  Jr.,  is  a 
pcwerful  germicide,  being 
very  valuable  in  cleansing 
cuts,  scratches,  burns 
and  other  skin  breaks 
liable  to  infection. 

$1.25  a  bottle 
at  druggists  or 
postpaid. 

A  Liberai  Trial 

Bottle  ''*'"  ^^  58"* 
to  yaur .  ad- 
dress OR  receipt  ot  13;;. 
in  stamps.  Send  for  trial 
iwttle  or  procure  re;i1ar 
size  from  your  drunist 
today. 

W.F.YOUNG,  P.  D.F. 

137  Temple  Si. 
SPRINGFIELD,    MASS. 


^iiit   fifiliifpiic    and   Gerrai-.  S«  Ij"-^" 

wllGKlc""'""*-  SIIMUI*"' 

f'OPHtuCTlC         AKtlPHl-''<il»M 
WCUTIEsr  »E!01VI«1 

V** '"'  "'<  J 

.  '"i<«.  Irllamootion  ind  l.l«»8>, '' 
y>..,  .wn„   ,e,„5,   „n»i.  •"  f" 

'""•M" corn,    b,».ii"li 'l«0  '""" 

TO  ALUXV  PAIN 

>vona>rtiftHOSWusts 


Jij^Ulfinf 


99 


ARTIFICIAL  LIMBS 

C.  A.  FREES,  853  Broadway,  New  York 

Also  109  Wyoming  Ave. ,  Scranton,  Pa.,  and  22  Rue  Caumartin,  Paris 

Fifty-Third  Anniversary 

An  unparalleled  list  of  diplomas,  Gold,  Silver 
and  Bronze  Medals  has  been  received  from 
international  authorities  since  established  in 
1 866  for  merits  in  specialties  for 

LEGS,  ARMS  AND  APPLIANCES 

Authorized    manufacturer    for    United    States 
Government.     Catalogue   mailed   on   request. 


Beautify    Your  Arms 


by  means  of 


MJrilety's  Depilatory  Powder 


the     kind     that    is 


HARMLESS,  AGREEABLE  AND    PERFECT 


It  will  positively  j'«move  every  'hair  from  your  Anns, 
■»  Face  Neck,  Umderarm  and  Lower  Limbs,  leaviag  the  skin 
in  a 'beautiful  condition  and  its  velvety  smoothness  pleas- 
ing to  the  touoli.  ,,,,,,.  I    » 

Ladies  need  no  longer  lieaitate  to  wear  their  "low  oeck"  and  eleeveleas  gowns  on  account  of 
■ugly  liair  growths  on  the  arm  or  underarm,  for  M.  T.'s  Depilatory  vnll  quickly  rid  yoii  of  those 
moitifjing  obstacles,  without  pain  or  irritatiooi.  Actresses,  and,  an  fact;  women  in  all  walks  of 
life,  are  enjoying  the  beautifying  effects  the  comforts  and  cleanliness  derived  from  its  liSe.  Doc- 
tor,? and  Nurses  consider  the  use  of  M,  T.'s  DeiJilatoi-y  Powder  a  necessity  because  it  is  sanitary 
as  Tve!)l  as  comforting  and  often  avoids  infection.  . 

iiUn  are  now  using. iiiis  modern  hair  destroyer  extensively,  because,  by  removing  the  Ihair  irom 
the  arms,  underaimi  or  ivherever  objectionable,  there  is  no  possible  obance  for  foreign  or  iin- 
pleasant  odors  to  develo\>.   awd  affords  them  sdso  many  undreamed-of  comforts. 

It  has,  tJierefore.  become  unnecessary,  and,  in  fact,  a  thing  of  the  remote  past,  for  any  one 
to  endure  the  endless  embarrassment  created  by  useless  growths  of  superfluous  hair;  M.  T.  a 
Depilatory  is  extremely  simple  to  use  and  will  always  relieve  the  situation;  at  first  you  awjly  it 
about  twice  a  mouth,  then  gradually  less  often,  until  finally  the  hair  roots  become  so  weakened 
tliat  M.  T.'«  Depilatory  is  no  longer  necessary.  "Never  cut  or  shave  the  iiair,  for  it  will  oom« 
back,  thicker  and  faster  than  ever."  .  ^„  .,^  .  ^r,  ,    ■     • 

To  possess  luxuriant  .hair  IN  ITS  PLACE  is  indeed  glorious,  but  OUT  OF  PLACE  hair  is 
a  caisery.  grievous  to  be  borne.  ,.    ^      ,  • 

M  T  's  Depilatory  Powder  is  HARiMLKSS  becauae  it  cannot  vnjure  the  ntost  delicate  stan; 
AGItEE-UBLE,  because  it  has  not  a  repulsive  odor,  and  PERFECT,  because  it  ds  made  of  the  finest 
materials  and  is  professionally  prepared  imder  modem  scientific  methods,  within  sanitary  surroundings, 

Upon  le'ceipt  of  SOc  we  will  send  you,  ptietpaid.  dirtct  from  our  laboratory  a  2-oz;,  jar  of  M. 
T.'s  Depilatory  Powder,  acd  as  an  inducement  to  our  patrons  we  ivill  include,  free  of  charge,  a 
liberal  quantity  of  "M.  T.'s  Nature's  Beauty  Cream"  and  our  booklet  relating  to  Beauty  CiUture. 

M.  TRILETY,  Toilet  Requisites,  Dept.  21,  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

ICO 


IT  DOES  THE  WORK!, 


Wr'<' 


AGENTS 

Something  NEW! 

Selling  lay  millions — every- 
body  waets  Wiem.  Be  your 
own  .boss  aud  make  more 
money  tlian  yon  ever  made 
b-efoi-e.  Let  11.9  send  yon  oiiv 
cata.Ios  of  new  aiorelty  poclset 
knives.  Every  soldier  wants 
one.      NC'W,    artistic 

Patriotic  Designs 

in  iia't'iual  colors,  a  dozen 
differenit  styles  to  dioose  from 
and  a  bi'g  profit  for  you  on 
f.-'fi-y  knife  you  st-ll.  Also 
ot:hej-  IiandsoMve  designs,  iu- 
ludiug  Ijeautifiil  art  btirdiies  in 
aia.pural.  life-like  co'lora.  No 
competition.  Our  lioe  of 
pocket-'kuives.  razors,  strops 
aud  novelty  cutlea^y  sells  itself, 
^lany  agents  maldng  $23  a  day. 
Get  this  iine  for  your  terri- 
tory while  it  is  uew  and 
gi-ow   ricli. 

Send  To-day  ^  .^^^ 

tm-es  of  O'Ur  whole  big  line. 
Don't  wait  and  miss  this 
oiwortuuity. 

Golden  Rule  CulleryCo. 

Deipt.    7S0, 
212  N.  S'Ueldon  St..  Oliicago. 


On   Slifihtly    i;sed 


GRAFLEX 
KODAKS 


Rexo.  Aiisco  and 
Fremo     Cameras. 

Also  LENSES  of 
every  description. 
Write     at     once     for 

Latest   TREE 


BARalNiDOM>^^mo1i 


Offering     hundrefls    of    both    used    and 
new  CAMERAS,  KODAKS  and  PHOTO 

surruES. 

10    DAYS'    FREE    TRIAL 

'Mone.v  back  if  unsatisfactory.  If 
you  desire  to.  trade,  or  are  in  doubt 
about  making  a  proper  selectiOin  for 
your  special  need,  we  will  gladly  fur- 
nish advice  regardless  of  whether  you 
purchase. 

Central  Camera  Company 

124   SOUTH   WABASH  AVENUE, 
Dept.    K-4.    CliicaKO,    111. 


Odorless 
Indoor 


This  absolutely  odorless  indoor  closet,  endorsed  by  Health 
officers  everywhere,  may  be  set  up  anyw'here  in  the 
house,  running  vent  into  chimney,  stovepipe  or  out- 
doors. Chemical  in  container  kills  germs.  No-  more 
trou'ble  to  empty  than  carrying  out  the  ashes. 

Comfort  and  Health— Winter  mi  Summer 

A  fine  modern  convenience  for  buildings  without 
sewer  connection.  Eliminated  the  outdoor  privy. 
Healtliful  for  tlie  young,  a  comfort  to  old  folks,  a 
boon  to  invalids. 

30-Day  Money-Back  Guarantee 

Sold  on  30  days'  Free  Trial.  Money  back  prompt- 
ly if  buyer  is  not  perfectly  satisfied.  Thousands  in 
use  to-day.     Ask  for  catalog  and  prices. 

Eowe  Sanitary  Mfg*  Co. 

197  Sixth  St.,  Detroit,  Mich. 

102  ^ 


Whooping    Cough,   Spasmodic    Croup, 
Asthma,  Sore   Throat,  Coughs,  Bron- 
chitis, Colds,  Catarrh, 


A  simple,  safe  and  effective  treatment,  avoiding  di-ugs. 

Vaporized  Cresolene  s'tops  the  paroxysims  of  Wiliooping-  Cough  and  relieves 
Spasmodic   Croup   at   once. 

It  is  a  "boon  to  sufferers  from  Asthma. 

■The  air  carrying  the  antiseptic  vapor,  inspired  wiWi  every  breath,  makes 
hrpatihing-  easy,  soothes  the  sore  throat  and  S'tops  the  cougih,  assuring  restful 
nights.     It  is  invaluable  to  mothers  with  young  children. 

Cresolene  relieves  the  bronchial  complications  of  Scarlet  Fever  and  Measles 
and   is   a  valuable  aid  in   the   treatment   of  Diphtheria. 

Cresolene's  bes't  recommendation  is  its  30  years  of  successful  use.  Send  us 
a  postal  for  Deseri'ptive  Booklet. 

FOR   SALE    BY  ALL    DRUGGISTS 

Try  Cresolene  Antiseptic  Throat  TaiMets  for  the  irritaited  throat,  coTOposed 
of  slippery  elm  bark,  licorice,  sugar  and  Cresolene.  They  c&n't  harm  yau.  Of 
youi-  druggist  or  from  us,   10c.  in  stamps. 

THE  VAPO-CRESOLENE  CO.,  62  Cortlandt  St.,  New    York 

or  Leeming-Miies   Building,   Montreal,   Canada. 


Instantaneous         "*'^^i^^"         Tooth    Filling 

RELIEVES  TOOTHACHE 

AT  ON'C'E  Hardeng  quickly.  As  white  a3  the  tooth.  Kills  pain 
instantly  JKemaiiis  in  a  canity  for  months,  preventing  further  dis- 
ires.-,  Contains  no  ether,  clilorofonm.  laudanum,  creosote,  cocaine 
oil  of  cloves  nor  anything  injurious  to  teeth  or  gums  or  hairafnl 
to  tlio  system.  Does  not  blister  or  biwn.  Pleasant  to  use.  hate 
lor  children  or  grown-ups.  At  all  druggists  or  sent  postpaid  ou 
receipt   of   ISc.  ,  „     _ 

IKN^OX    MFG.    CO.,    484    Gth    Ave..    Bvooltlyn.  N.  Y. 


TURN  INTO  CASH 

Your  Old  Gold,  Silver,  Platinum,  Dupli- 
cate wedding  Gifts,  Diamonds,  etc., 
w^hich  you  don't  use;  also  discarded  false 
teeth,  broken  o^  otherwise,  with,  or  without  gold;  will  send 
you  cash  same  day  goods  are  received  and  hold  your  ship- 
ment  for^  15  days.  If  amount  sent  is  not  satisfactory  will 
return  your  goods  at  my  expense. 
References:  Dua's  and  Manufacturers'  National  B?.nlt  of  Newaik. 

ALEX.  LOEB 

Jeweler    and    Smelter 
11  Central  Avenue,  Newark,  N.  J. 

103 


SSTIGATE 

iur  Camera  Offers! 


They  mean  nionev.  satisfaction  and 
camera  value  to  you.  Tkousands  of 
camera  usera  the  country  over  en- 
dorse   our    sciviare-deal    methods. 

Save  25%  to- 50% 

A  slightly  used  CLumera  or  lens 
gives    .vou   the    same    results    as   a 
new    one.       All   our    cameras   and 
lenses    are     tested    fJrst    and    50ld 
under    our    fainou5>    ten    da.v8' 
free    trial    Buai'an.tee.        Your 
mujiey     refunde<l    iu    full    if    not 
entirely   satisfied, 
■^'rite  at  once  for  our  ex- 
change   method    and    our 
wonderful  hargain  bulletin. 
JiveTything  iu  cameras  ^lixMu 
Vest     Pocket      Kodak     to 
Initest  model  Graflc-x — from 
a   Box  Srcwnie  to  a  Movie 
Outfit. 

DAVID    STEKjS    CO. 

The   ^s'artional   Camera 

Exchange. 
102T  L.    Madison  St., 

Chioagn.   111. 
In  Business  .Since  1885 


30  Days 


(Let  us  prove  to  .voiir 
entire  satisfaction,  at 
our  expense,  that  Ave 
actually  -  offer  the 
most  complete  and 
efficient  exte  n  s  i  o  u 
course  in  law  in 
America.       After     this 

iJ<»-day  ■  free  trial  you  can  com.pare  our 
course  with  any  other  law  course  in  exist- 
ence— then  decide.  There  is  absolutely 
no  similarity  between  this  course  and 
otheis,  and  we  can  easily  and  readily  con- 
vince you  of  this  fact,  without  its  costing 
you    a    penny. 

Special  and  Exclusive  Features 

Only  recosTiized  resident  law  school  in  V. 
S..    Conferring    DeKree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws 

LL,.  B. b.v    coiTespondence.       Only    law 

school  in  U.  S.  oonductjns:  standard  resident 
school  and  Biving  sanio  instruction,  by  mail. 
Over  500  class  room  lectures.  Faculty  of 
over  30  prominent  lawyers.  Guarantee  to 
prepare  graduates  to  pass  bar  examination. 
Only  law  school  giving'  Complete  Course  in 
Oratory  and  Public  Speaking.  School 
highly  endorsed  and  recommended  by  Gov. 
Officials,  Business  Men,  Noted  I-awyers 
and  Students.  Send  todav  for  Illustrated 
I'rospectus  and  Special  30-Day  Free  Offer. 

HAMILTON  COLLEGE  OF  LAW 


1103     Advertising:     Building:, 


Chicago 


no  obligation. 


We  liave  a 
wonderful  new  system  of  teaching 
note   music   by   mail,    and   to   iivsi 

inviils    in    new    localities   will   give    a  „„,.,,.», 

*''0  00'  superb   VIOLffJS!.    MANDOLIN.    UKULELE.   GUITAK.    HAWAIIA,N 
GL'ITAK     CORN'ET  or  BANJO  absolnteley  free,  a  very  small  charge  for  les- 
sons the  oniv  expense.    We  guaiantee  to  make  you  a  Player  or  no  charge.    Com- 
inl.-te  outfit  'tree      Special  offer  to  first  pupil  m  each  locality.     Write,  at   once, 
S LINO EftLAND'S  .SCHOOL  0¥  MUSIC.   (Inc.)  Dept.  503.  Chicago.  IU, 


PAN-CHRO-SCOPE 

"The    Latest    Scientific    Invention" 

and  LIVING  PICTURES  of  the  GREAT  WORLD  WAR 

Interesting — Insti-ucUve — "Follow  Our  Boys  in  France" 

48    Realistic    Views    of    Aviation.    Battlefields.     Army,    Navy, 
Furnished  with  the  Pan-Chro-Scope  for 

$1.00  U<  CURRENCY  OR  MONEY  ORDER 

ONE  TWRUVr  STAMP   GIVEN    WITH  EACH  ORDER 

Continaoos  Series  of  Latest  Pictopes  Will  Be  Fttmishecl  to  Vou 
on    Application. 

PAN-CHRO-SCOPE   CORPORATION 

No.  S  E5ast  Market  St.,    Indianapolis,  Ind. 

104 


Better 
than  ANY 
Plaster. 
Works  like 
magic.  In  col- 
lapsible tubes,  of 
all   Druggists.     25c 
and  40c.     Isn't  greasy 
— doesn't  soil  linen. 

Write  for  Sample  Huxley's  Cream 
to   i2    Cliff   Street. 

E.  FOUGERA  &  CO.,  Inc.,  Agenls 

90  Beekman  Street,  New  York 


HUXLEY'S  CREAM 

1  relialle  remedy  for  Luinhago,  Neu- 
ralgia,   Stiff    Joints,    Cramps.    Sore 
Throat.  Sore  Chest,  Earache,  Head- 
ache, ChilMains,  Rheuviatism-. 

Directions: 


Bathe  the  part  with 

hot  water  before 

application; 

dry  and 

rub  in 

Huxley's 

ream  for 

five  or  ten 

minutes   and 

cover  with 

flannjl. 


FOR  SALE  AT  GOOD  DRUGGISTS 


We  want  you  to   try  it.   and  have  so  much  confidence  in   our  Tea  that   we  ■will  send 

OwtA    Cull    Qi>«A    1  C«     n^'»'  on    receipt    of    ac,    to    cover 

\JHC    X^  Ull    Ol^C    1«3C.    DOX.  cost   olC   oacking  and   mailing. 

Only  one  wackaee  to  an  Individual.     Address 

WEBER'S  MEDICAL  TEA  CO.,    «"n7ooil?n.S?rYf'^rtl^*- 

105 

— " 


LEONARD 

EAR  OIL 


Macit        Restores    Hearing,    Stops   Head  Noises 

Nine  out  of  ten  cases  of  Deafness  and  Head  Noises  are  caused  bv  catarrhal 
muous  (matter)  in  the  Eustachian  Tube,  wihich  connects  the  nose  and  the  ears. 
Leonard  Ear  Oil  Rem'oves  tlie  mucus,  opens  ud  the  tube  and  the  other  air 
Dassasres  of  the  head,  and  the  result  is  improved  Hearing  ajid  relief  ifrom  Head 
Noises.  This  is  not  T)ut  in  the  ears,  but  is  "I^ubbed  in  Back  ot  Ears"  and  inserted 
nostrils,    and 


in    'the 

"Oomtnon  Sense  Di- 
rections for  Care  of 
Hearing."  which  ac- 
comnanles  each  bot- 
tle, tells  you  exactly 
h'ow  to  take  care  of 
your  own  case.  Do 
not  be  misled  by  sub- 
stitutes or  imitations. 
Tihe  only  er  e  n  u  i  n  e 
"EAR  OIL"  is  A.  O. 
Leonard  Ear  Oil.  It 
Is  the  orlfflnal  and  has 
been  on  the  market 
since  1907.  and  every 
year    it     has    relieved 

hundreds  of   ceonle  of  ^ ____^ 

their      Ear      Trouibles. ~~~~ 

iNo  matter  how  lon*r  you  ihave  been  deaf,  nor  ho^  dea/f  you  are  'or  what  caused 
your  d'eafness.  or  how  many  thines  you  ihave  already  tried  -which  have,  failed  to 
relieve  you.  Leonard  Oil  has  relieved  many  isuoh  cases  as  your  own.  Why  not  you? 

Proof  of  Success  and  list  of  druggists  on  request 


Look  for  this  sign  in 

Drug  Store 

Windows.    !t   is   a 

LEONARD 
EAR  OIL 
AGENCY 


This  Signature  on  Yellow 
Box  and  on  Bottle 


% 


Manufacture! 
70  Fiftb  Ave..  New  York  City 


^ 


"BeeivUizedir* 

Be  civilized!  Reccgnize  the  Truth  and  the  truth  shall  make  you  Free — . 
from  the  Ills  and  "horrors"  due  to  Constliiation  Poison  in  your  system. 
Quit   DftTsios   the   bowels.  f^l  PI  ^^  IC  f^l  I  l^n*C& 

Nourish  the  bowel-nerves  and  thus  M^m  C^  V^  Hk,  U  1^  M     ll'^y 

exercise  the  bowel  muscles — they'll 
do  the  rest.  This  won't  strain,  irri- 
tate, nor  drain  the  system  of  its  al- 
buminous- fluids.  Purgriner  weakens 
bv  taking  these  fluids  from  other 
parts  of  the  body  to  liquefy  the 
bowel's   contents. 

Physic  mildly,  by  nonrishinsr  the 
bowel-nerves  with  Blackburn's  Cas- 
ca-Royal-Pills.  All  druggists  sell 
15c  and   30c  packages. 

The    Blackbu-rn    Products   Ck>. 
106 


THJS    ClVliaZJdD    PUVCJlC. 

Dayton.  Ohio. 


Safety  on  the  Ocean  Assureo 


By  Using  MASTEN'S 


avm 


A  Perfect  Life- Saving  Garment 


Protects  tl>e    head    and    face,    as 

well  as  the  bod.v;  has  fiberoid  eye 
piece  with  breathing  tube. 


Ir 


No  air  cells  to  puncture;  keeps 
you  dry  and  warm;  keeps  you 
afloat;  is  adapted  to  any  person, 
man,  woman  or  child;  keeps  you 
absolutelj''  dry  when  submerged 
(which  will  certainly  happen  if 
compelled  to  jump  froni  the  deck 
of  a  steamer);  permits  you  to  be 
in  an  upright  position,  recline 
forward  or  backward  and  swim 
with  perfect  ease  and  .  comfort. 
Can  be  put  on  in  less  than  a 
minute. 

MASTEN'S   LIFE-PRESERVER   JACKETS 

AN   IDEAL  GARMENT  FOR  THE  AViATOR,  YACHTSMAN,  HUNTER. 
FISHERMAN.   CANOEIST.   OR   FOR   ANYONE   LEARNING   TO  SWIM 

Light  in  weight,  v/arra,  allows  absolute 
frf^dom  of  movement;  no  air  cells  to  be 
punctured,  sufficiently  buoyant  to  float 
four  persons;  the  collar  when  turned  up 
will  keep  the  head  out  of  water-  even 
though  the  wearer  becomes  unconscious. 

These  garments  for  sale  at  our  Salesroom 
Booth  4,  Hudson  Terminal  Concourse, 
SO  CHURCH  STREET,  N.  Y.  CITY. 

Fov  Cataloa  Showine  Our  Camrolete  Mne  <jf  I^ife- 
Savine  D&vices.  Motorboats  and  Accessories.  Call 
at  our  Salesroom  or  Address  Factory  and  Office. 


G.  H.   MASTEN  CO.,  Inc. 


222-224-226  E.  46th  STREET, 


New  York  City 


TEL,    VANDERBILT  4258-4259 
107 


ittNHiGuahanteedtrREE5 


vDire^ct^ 


Roses,  Shrubs,  Berries  and  Vines 


Quality 

.■■■■iVAND-Kv: 

Service 


Ma.loney  stock  is  guaranteed  true  to  name  and  free  from 
disease  by  the  largest  nurseiry  growers  in  New  York  State. 
For  34  years  we  tiave  been  in  business  here  vn  Dansville  and 
_^___^_^  to-day  we  are  able  to  ship  you  direct  better  trees  than  ever 
befoa-e  because  we  are  constantly  studying  to  improve  our  meithodB.  We  recognize  our 
re=ponsibilitv  to  the  grower  and-  we  have  this  yea-r  issued  a  novel  wnolesale  catalocue 
ipith  colored  illustrations  -that  tells  tihe  things  you  ought  to  know  about  our  business 
and  Plants.  Write  for  your  firee  copy.  Buy  direct  irom  our  nurseries  at  wholesale 
prices  at  oiie-half  the  agenta  charge.     Send  lor  Free  CataloK  today. 

MALONEY  BROS.  &  WELLS  CO..  66  BANK  ST..  DANSVILLE,  N.  Y. 
We're  •esponsible:  look  up  our  rating.      Dansville's  Fiotfepr  Wholesale  ygrseries. 


ysipltniNfs 


dslai 


bqpksMojSm 


fTiTTiTiT 


iiiiM 


S    EYEiYlNVEIJTOR 


/^ 


BegistOTed 


Attomeya 


Bv  our  Service  Guarantee 
Contract  you  are  assured  that 
■ntoatever  you  entrust  to  us  -will  fbe  held 
strictly  conlfid«ntia.l  and  that  yoii  will 
receive  personal  service.  One  of  toe 
Ibu'lletdns  -wihicti  we  will  se-nd  you  illus- 
trates 6ome  of  our  dlients'  intentions- 
tells  what  they  did  to  mate  money 
tihicrngJi  o\iT  service.  We  refer  you  to 
the  2d  National  Bank,  Washington.  D. 
C;  Eotli  Pacing  Co..  Cincinnati.  O  ; 
Duskil-MOD  Co..  Paducaai.  Ky..  as  ref- 
eiencee. 


OUR  SERVICE  TO  YOU 

If  you  haTe  invented  something  or  have  a  natural  gift 
iavent,  we  can  tve  of  sen-ice  to  jou.  FIBST.  by  .^ 
sending  jou  (book  of  instructions.  Inventions.  Pat- 
enting und  Promotinig.  and  bulletins  telling  what  xs 
wanted — dnventJone  large  and  sunalil:  SBOOiN'D.  in 
lholp.)n«  esta/b'ldElh  your  ri'gihtB  to  'what  you  invent  in 
tIhe  very  start  try  form.  "Evidence  of  Conception;" 
THIRD.,  give  you  our  frtink  oipinion  whether  it 
will  pay  to  patent  your  invention:'  simply 
send  drawimt  or  model  for  our  free  cpin- 
ion:  JTOTTRTH.  olbtain  for  you  on  reason- 
a/ble  terms  a  patent  t^at  protects,  and 
FIETPH.  advise  and  aieist  you  in  making 
tile  invention  a  soiiroe  of  profit  to  you._ 
All  is  exisQained  in  the  book,  bulletins 
and  form  which  we  send  free  Of  charge, 
for  them  on  a  postcard. 


to 


DONr 


RIGHTS 


Just  ask 


LANCASTER  AND  ALLWINE, 

104    Ouray    BUlff.  Washington.    D. 


A  Real  Adding  Machine  for  nO«« 

Adds,  subtracts,  multiplies,  divides. 
Does  all  work  of  a  $300  machine— r 
with  written  money-back  five-year 
guarantee. 

Used  by  U.  S.  Goveraraent  and 
largest  corporations.  Write  today  for 
illustrated  catalog  and  liberal  trial 
offer.  .  - 


THE  CALCULATOR  CORPORATION,  Dept.  W. 

108 


Grand  Rapids,  Michigan 


ALL  the  worlcl  loves  a  sure-shot!  But  it's  hard  "c( 
aiim  true  when  your  mind's  on  the  "Bang."  A 
Maxim  SUencer  on  your  riHe  completely  swallows 
all  report  noise,  absorbs  the  '■ecoil  and  steadies  your 
aim.  You  can  roll  up  a  beuei  average  and  get  twice 
the   fun   out   of   your   sport. 

Equip  Your  Rifle  With  a 


Fits  any  rifle.  Pine  for  target  practice.  EnaMes  your  whole  family, 
including  the  most  timid  women,  to  enjoy  shooting.  Ask  your  dealer  and 
write  us  for  FREE  BOOK  of  odd  experiences  of  Maxim  SJlencer  users. 

MAXm  SILENCER  CO.,    ''»„SS.'To*r" 


Infantile  Paralysis 

These    two  letters  and   the   photographs   evidence   the 
satisfactory    results    from    treatment   received   at   this  > 
, Sanitarium  by  Miss  Clara  Gilbert,  Delight,  Ark,,  whose 
foot  was  deformed  by  Infantile  Paralysis:  ^ 

/    arrived  'home    all    right     '  cannot  praise  your  San-      '^^   ' 
and  my  friends  were  great-      'tarium'  too  highly  for  your 

walk  flat  on  my  foot.  When  ^gg  ^er  foot  straight.  She 
I  came  to  yonr.  Sanitarium  has  been  quite  a  show  girl 
I  ivalked  on  my  toe.  since.  We  will  gladly  an- 
I  will  gladly  answer  all  siver  any.  inquiries  in  re- 
questions  with  regard  to  -gard  to  your  work  for^M 
my   foot.  Clara. 

CLARA    GILBERT,  MRS.  CORDA  GILBERT, 

Box  45,  Delight,  Arkansas.  Box  45,   Delight,  Arkansas. 

Tliis  private  institution  is  devoted  to  the  treatment  of 
children  and  young  adults  afflicted  with  Club  Feet.  In- 
fantile Paralysis.  S|>inal  Diseases  and  Curvature.  Hip  Dis- 
ease. Wry  Neck,  etc.  Our  valiiaible  book  "Deformities 
^and  Paralysis."  with  Book  of  References,  free. 

The  McLain  Orthopedic  Sanitarium 

942   Aiibert   Avenue, 
J>t.    Louis,    Mo. 


Bl 


109 


Bowlee     Brace  I'aral.Vsis    Bi'ace  Suinal    Krace 

WE    MAKE    liKACES    FOB    ALL    WEF0EJUTIBS9 

Trusses,  Elastic  Stockings,  Abdominal  Supporters.  We  give 
you  the  benefit  of  our  40  years'  experience  in  the  making  of 
Braces    and    Appliances    for   invalids.      Prices   reasonable. 

A.  J.  DITMAN 


a,  BAJBtOhAll  SXKEET 

See  "  Our 


(Ooposite  V^oolworfh  Bids:.). 
Advertisement    in    Back    Part    of    Almanac. 


NEW  luKK 


>y/'/vyyyy/<^^/yyy/^^^^^^^ 


Sold,  Bought  and  Exchanged 

We  have  a  large  stock  of  new  and  second 
hand  safes  of  all  makes  and  sizes  on  hand. 

VAULT  DOORS  ALSO  A  SPEOIALTY 

For  further  information  write  to 
KEENAN    SAFE    CO-,    Inc..     366  8roadvA/ay.     N.  Y. 


x\\vu///x. 


Y'fMwxmxoyMrAr/yAumrj'j^^^ 


Mexican. White  Sapphires,  $1.95 


Guaranteed  Gold  Filled  Tiffany  Riings.  mounted  witUi 
Kt.  32  Facet  Mexican  SaDDhire,  of  sucli  wonderful  bluish 
wiiite  brilliancy  that  even  experts  often  appraise  them  gen- 
uine diamonds.  They  have  no  false  backineT.  nor  are  they 
chemioal  productions,  but  cut  stones  -of  guaranteed  ever- 
lastiins     lustre,     set     in     Gold    Filled    Rinsrs.     warranted     10 

years,  '    Reg.   price.   .$5.00.   our  special  offer,   91.05   (S2.00 
additional     for     Solid     Gold     Mountiner).     Bverybo'dy     wears 

Mexican   Sapphires.   wJiy  not  you?      Send  for  free  bar^rsiD 

cataloKue. 

Mexican  Diamond  Go.,  Dept.  7 

335  MARKET  STREET,  PHILADELPHIA 

110 


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V 


At  this  "Learn  by  Doing" 
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Telephone    Chelsea    2633 

THE  NEW  YORK 
ELECTRICAL  SCHOOL 


J 


jiiN  I  Improved  My  Memory 
In  One  EYeoing 

The  Amazing  Experience  of  Victor  Jones 

"Of  course  I  place  you!     Mr.  Addison  Sims  of  Seattle. 

"If  I  remember  correctlj'^ — and  I  do  remember  correctly — Mr. 
Burroughs,  the  lumberman,  introduced  you  to  me  at  the  luncheon 
of  •the  Seattle  Rotary  Club  three  years  ago  in  ]\Iay.  This  is  a  pleas- 
ure indeed !  I  haven't  laid  ej'^es  on  you  since  that  day.  How  is  the 
grain  business?     And  how  did  that  amalgamation  work  out.^" 

The  assurance  of  the  sjDeaker — in  the  crowded  corridor  of  the 
Hotel  McAlpin — compelled  me  to  turn  and  look  at  him,  though  I 
must  say  it  is  not  my  usual  habit  to  "listen  in,"    even   in   a   hotel - 
lobby. 

"He  is  David  M.  Roth,  the  most  famous  memory  exj^ert  in  the  . 
United  States,"  said  my  friend  Kennedy,  answering  my  question 
before  I  could  get  it  out.     "He  will  show  yow  a  lot  more  wonderful 
things  than  that  before  the  evening  is  over." 

And  he  did. 


As  we  iwent  into  the  banquet  room  the 
toastmaster  was  inti-'oducing  a  lone  line  of 
guests  to  Mr.  Roth.  I  got  in  line  and 
when  it  came  my  turn.  Mr.  Roth  aaked. 
■'What  are  your  initials,  Mr.  Jones,  and 
your  business  connection,  und  telephone 
number?"  Why  ihe  ask'ed  'this  I  leanied 
later,  when  he  picked'  out  from  the  cnx)wd 
the  60  men  he  had  met  two  hours  before 
and  called  each  by  name  without  a  mis- 
take. "  What  is  moire,  he  waimed  each 
man's  business  and  telephone  numher.  for 
Bood    measume. 

I  won't  tell  you  all  the  other  aimazing 
things  this  man  did  except  to  tell  how  he 
caJlled  back,  without  ^  fninuite's  hesiita- 
tion.  long  lists  of  n:umibers.  bank  clear- 
ings. pri<!es.  lot  numiberK.  parcel  T>ost  rates 
and  anything  else  the  guests  toad  g'iven 
him  in  rapid  order. 

*    *    *    * 

When  1  met  Mr.  Roth  again — which 
you  mas  be  sure  I' did  .the  first  chance  I 
got — (he  rather  bowled  me  over  toy  eayinig. 
in  his  auiot.   m'odest  way: 

"There  is  nothing  <»niraculous  about  my 
remembering  anything  I  want  to  retmeim.- 
ber  -whether  it  be  names,  faces,  figures, 
facts  or  something  I  have  read  in  a 
magazine. 


You  can  do  this  .mst  as  easily  as  I  do. 

Anyone  with  an  average  mind  can  Learn 
quickly  to  do  exactly  the  same  thiaxgs 
which  S'eem  so  miraculous  when  I  do  them. 

"My  own  memory."  continued  Mr. 
Roth,  was  originally  very  faulty.  Yes 
it  was — a  really  noor  memory.-  On  aneet- 
ing  a  .m.an  I  would  lose  his  name  in  thirty 
seconds,  while  now  there  are  probaiMy 
10.000  men  and  women  in  the  United 
States,  manv  of  whom  II  have  met  but 
once.  Whose  (names  I  can  tell  instantly  on 
meetinig   them." 

"That  is  all  milgTit  for  you.  Mr.  R^otfli." 
I  initerruTPted.  "you  have  given  years  to 
it.      But   how   about   me?" 

"Mr.  Jones,"  he  replied.  "I  can  /teajch 
you  itihe  secret  of  a  good  memiory  io  one 
evening.  .  This  is  not  a  guess,  because  I 
have  done  it  with  thousands  of  pupil's.  In 
the  first  of  seven  simpile  lessons  whitih  I 
have  preiaared  for  home  study.  I  show  you 
the  basic  principle  or  miy  whole  systems 
and  you  wiW  find  it — mot  hard  wcrk  as  you 
might  fear — ibut  .iust  Tike  Tilaying  a  fasci- 
nating game.     I  w^ill  ppove  it  to  you." 

He  didn't  have  to  prove  it.  His  Course 
did;  I  got  it  fhe  very  next  day  from  his 
publishers,    the    InOeipendent    CorDoration. 

When  I  itackled  th«  flirst  lessoo.  ff  sup- 
pose   I    was    the    raosrt    surprised   (man    in. 


11fl 


Xorty-eieTit  states  to  find  that  1  aiad 
learneU  in  about  one  hour — ^how  to  remem- 
ber a  list  cf  one  . hundred  words  so  that  I 
could  call  them  off  forward  and  Dack 
wiihoul  a  sinigle  misiake. 

oth^*''  •^''^''  ■'^®^°"'  st'ic'S'     And  so  did'  'th& 

whl^'^^f  ^'?o^  ^^^'^^^  ^-*'°'"  ^-  Lo"'S  Allien, 
w,-Mi  ^^  '^^  years  bo:am6  president  of  a 
rnillion  dollar  corporation,  the  Pvrene 
Maniuifactiirans:  Comipany  of  New  York 
jnakera  oi  the  famous  fire  extinguisher", 
and  who  is  now  president  of  the  Allen 
^ales  Service.   Inc.  New  York  City: 

"Now  that  the  Roth  Mem.orv 
Course  as  finish ea,  I  want  'to  tell 
you  how  much  1  have  enjoy^a'the 
study  of  this  most  fascinatins'  siib- 
.lect.  Usuially  these  courses  involve 
a  g-reat  .deal  of  drudgery,  but  this 
has  been  not.Jng  but  pure  pleas- 
ure all  the  way  through.  I  have 
derived  muclh  benefit  from  takine- 
the  course  af  ins/truction  and  feel 
thai,  I  shall  continue  to  strengthen 
my  memory.  That  is  the  best  -oart 
of  it.  I  Shall  be  glad  of  an  oppor- 
tunity to  recommend  your  work  to 
my  fnen<iB." 

^,1  »,  >°'''  Course  js  pricelless!  I  can' ab- 
solutely count  on  my  mematry  now.  I  can 
^1\  K  ^  "^™®  of  most  any  man  I  have 
met  before--^nd  I  am  getting-  better  alJ 
tne  time.  I  tan  remember  any  figu/i-es  I 
Wish  to  remember.  Teleph'one  numbers 
come  to  mind  instantly,  once  I  have  filed 
them  by  ilr.  Rnth's  easy  method,  Street 
addresses  are  .att  as  easy. 

wiTn'f^^Hi'?  -^I^V  "^  forgetting  (you"  know 
wiiat  that  is)  has  vanished.  I  used  to  he 
scared  .still"  on  nw  fieet-tbecause  I 
tvasn't  sure.  I  couldn't  remember  what 
I  wanted  to  say. 

Xow  I  am  sure  of  myself,  awd  confident 
mv  uZ^\fW  old  shoe,"  when  I  ,get  ou 
my  feat  at  the  clu*.  .  or  at  a  banquet. 
«Ltl-?ertng"°'"^^''^  meeting,  or  .ia  any  eooial 

PerOiaps  the  most  enjoyable  part  of  it 
all  IS  that  I  have  'bekome  a  good  con- 
yersationalist— and  I  used  to  be  as  silent 
as  a  sphinx  when  I  got  iiHo  a  crowd  of 
people  who  inew  things.  i-'owu  oi 

.Now  I  can  call  up  IMce  a  flash  of  light- 
ning moat  any  fact  I  want  right  at  the 
mstant  I  need  it  most.  I  used  to  hink 
a  haw  trigger"  .memony  belonged  only 
to  the  prodigy  and  genius.  Now  I  see 
that  every  man  of  us  has  that  kind  of  a 
.  meniary  if  lie  only  knows  how  to  make  it 
"' o rK    vi'ga  t • 

I  telll  you  it  is  a  wonderful  thing,  .after 
gropmg  .around  in  the  dark  for  so  (many 
years  to  be  able  to  switch  the  big  search- 
light on  your  mind  and  see  linstantlv 
evorypthing  you  want  'to  rem&mber. 

'^^'s  3°^'^  Oouirise  Will  do  wonraera  nn. 
your    office. 

Since  we  .took  it  oiip  you  never  hear  anv- 
one  in  our  offite  say  "i  guess"  .or  "I  think 
it  was  about  so  much"  or  "I  forget  taVat 
right  now"  or  "I  can't  remember"  or  "I 
must  I'ook  up  his  name."  Now  thev  a;i-o 
righit  thea-e  with   tlie  answer — like  a  shot; 

.^•^■?-Y^   ''S.^    *^«''    heard    of    "Multiwa.ph" 
^fimith?      Real  name  H.  Q.  Smith.  Divis 


ilanager    of    the    Multigrap-h  .Sai^ 
Pany.    Ltd..    in   Montreal.      Heie   is 
bit    from   a   letter  of   his   that    I   saw'  ^ 
Week: 

r.  'IHfil  '^-,T*^®T,  whoile  thing  in  a 
nutshell:  Mr.  Rotii  has  a  most  ii-e- 
markiable  Menion-y  Course.  It  ia 
'Simple,  and  easy  as  falling  off  .a  I'og. 
yet  with  .one  houv  a  day  of  •practice 
anyone— a  donH  care  who  he  Is — 
can  improve  his  Memory  100%  in 
a  week  and  1,000%  in  six  months." 

™?nLo^'^^'^®  *?  ^"  t'S  ^on't  wait  another 
minute.  Send  to  Independent  Corpora- 
tion tor  .Mr.  Rotn  .3  a.m.azing  course  and 
see  what  a  wonde'rtul  memory  you  have 
got.  Your  idiiivldends  m  iit'creased  earaius 
power  will  ibe  enormous. 

r  DOT  OR    JONES.. 

Send  No  Money 

So  confidenit  is  the  In'dependent  Corpo- 
rati'on.  the  publishers  or  the  Roth  Memory 
Course,  tibat  once  you  have  an  oippor- 
'tunity  to  see  ;n  your  own  home  how  easy 
It  IS  to  d<)uble,  yes,  tiiiple  your  memory 
TDOwer  in  a  few  short  hours,  that  they  are 
wi;lling  to  send  the  course  .on  free  exiami- 
nation. 

Don't  send  any  money.  Mei'ely  anail 
tile  coupon  or  write  a  letter  and  the  com- 
plete cour.se  will  be  sent,  all  idharges 
.prepaid,  at  once.  If  vou  are  .not  entirely 
satisfied  send  it  bax;k  any  time  withiin  five 
days  after  you.  receive  it  and  you  w.ill  owe 
nothing. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  jiou  are  as  pleased 
as  aire  the  thousand.^;  or  other  men  and 
women  who  have  usved  tlie  course  send 
only  $5  in  full"  payment.  You  take  nc 
risk  .and  you  have  everything  to  gain,  so 
mai.l  the  coupon  now  before  this  remark- 
ahle  offer  is  wfithdrawn, 

FREE  EXAMINATION   COUPON 


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Dent.  721,  110  West  40th  St.,  New  Yorh, 

P2iMishers    of    The    Independent,    "The 

Most  Satisfactor}/  War  Journal 

ill  Amenca," 

Please  send  uTe  the  Roth  Mem'ory  Course 
of  seven  lesson.s,  I  will  either  j-email  the 
course  to  lyou  within  clve  days  after  its 
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Name 


Address 


ision 


117 


■W.A.1-19 


^fiysician  Explains 
Who  Should  Take 

Nuxated  Iron 


Practical  Advice  on  How  to  Help  Build  Up 
Great    Strength,  Energy    and    Endurance 


Commenting    on    the 
use  iqX  Nuxated  Iron  as 
a    tonic,    strength    and 
Diood   builder    bv   over 
tliree     million      people 
annually,     Dr.     James 
Francis    Sullivan,    lot- 
mer.ly       physician       of 
Bellevue    H  o  .s  p  i  t  a  1 
(Outdoor  Dept.).  New 
York,    and    The    West- 
ahester     County 
Hospital,       s  a  i  d  t 
"DacK     of     iron     in 
the  bilood  not  only 
makea     a     man     a 
pihysic-al   and  men- 
tal we'akling.  nerv- 
ous,   irritable,    eas- 
ily .fatigued,   but  it 
lutterly     robe     him 
oif      that     virile 
force,  that  stamina 
and      strength      of 
will    which    are    so 
necessary     to     suc- 
cess  and   power   in 
every  walk  of   life. 

It  may  also  transform  a  beautiful, 
sweet-tempered  woman  into  one  who  is 
cross,  nervoud  and  irritable.  I  have 
strongly  enip'l^psized  the  great  necessity 
of  physicians  making  blood  examinations 
of  their  weak,  anaemic,  run-down  pa- 
tients. .  Thousands  of  persons  go  on  year 
after  year  suffering  from  physical  weak- 
ness and  a  highly  nervous  condition  due 
to  lack  of  sufficient  iron  in  aheir  red 
blood  corpusciea  without  ever  realizing 
the  real  and  true  cause  of  their  trouble. 
Witliout  iron  in  your  blood  your  food 
merely  passes  through  the  body  gome- 
thing  like  corn  'through  an  old  milJ  with 
rollers  so  wide  apart  that  the  mill  can't 
grind. 

.For  want  of  iron  you  may  be  an  old 
man  at  thirty,  dull  of  intellect,  poor  in 
memory,  nervous,  irritable  and  all  "run 
down,"  while  at  50  or  60  with  plenty  o,t 
iron  in  your  blood  you  may  still  be  young 
in  feeling,  full  of  life,  your  whole  being 
brimming   over   with    vim  and   energy." 

The  acconipan.viiig  article  o-f  I>r.  Sul- 
livan sbonld  be   carefaUy   read   by   every 


man  and  woman  -who  wants  to  nossess 
perfect  health,  great  physical  endurance 
and  a  strong,  keen  mentality.  Dr.  Sulli- 
van tellb  how  to  increase  the  iron  in  our 
blood  and  thereby  uain  en-eater  physical 
ami  mental  nower.  brigrhter  intellects  and 
oettcr   Ueallh. 

But  m  mv  opinion  you  can't  make 
strong,  vigoro  u  a  , 
successful.  sturdy 
iron  men,  and 
healthy,  rosy- 
cheeked  women  by 
feeding  tlhem  on 
metallic  iron.  The 
old  forma  o.f  me- 
tallic iron  must  go 
through  a  digestic 
process  to  trans- 
form thein  into 
organip  iron  — 
Nuxated  I  r  o  n — 
before  they  'are 
ready  to  be  taken 
up  and  assimilated 
by  the  human  sys- 
tem. N  o  t  w  i  t"ii- 
standing  all  that 
has  been  said  and 
written  on  this 
thou- 


118 


suppose,     because     .„ - ,  :„     oil 

less.  I  strongly  advise  readers  in  au 
cases  to  get  a  physician's  prescription  for 
organic  iron — Nuxated  Iron-— or  if  you 
don't  want  to  go  to  this  trouble  then  -pur- 
chase Nuxated  Iron  in  its  original  pack- 
ages and  see  that  this  particular  name 
(Nuxated  Iron)  appears  on  the  package. 
If  vou  have  taken  preparations  such  as 
Nux  and  Iron  and  other  similar  iron 
products  and  failed  to  get  results,  re- 
member that  such  products  are  an  en- 
tirely different  thing  from  Nuxated  Iron. 

iliAlNimFACTUMEIRSi'  /NiQTE— (Nuxated  Iirom, 
wlh'idli  is  used  by   Dt.   Sullivwn  and  otQiera  witHv 
'euiclli  sdiairwising  results,   a.nd  w'hidli  is  prescribed  ; 
and   reoommended    dSooim   by   phjisicians.    is   iK>t  ; 
a  seorot  remedy,   tout  ome   wliicib  is   wcU   known  ■ 
to   druggists   eveaiwihere.     Uiililce   tihe    older   in- 
oinganic    iron   products,    it    is   easily    assimilated 
ajid    does    iiot    imrfuiie    tihe    teet'h.    maike    tliem 
bilaJok    nor   aipsot    tilie   st'omaoh,      Tlie    manufac- 
turers guarantiee  eiiccessful  and  entii'elly  satiefac-  \ 
tory    resullts    to    every    purchaser    oi"    tli«y    wiHl  i 
refund    your    mooi'ey.      It    is    diisipemsed    by    all 
good  .dirajglislts. 


— . . .^ 

A  Genmne  Roptyre  Cure 
Sent  on  Trial  to  Prove  It 

Don^t  Wear  a  Truss  Any  Longer 

After  Thirty  Years'  Experience  I  Have  Pro<?uced  an  Appliance 
for  Men,  Women  and  Children  That  Actually  Cures  Rupture. 


'I  lie  above  is  O.  E,  Broolcs.  inventor  of  tlie 
Appliance,  who  cured  himself  and  who 
has  been  purine-  otliers  foi"  over  tliirty 
years.  If  runturert.  write  liinx  to-day  at 
Marshall.    Mich. 

If  you  ihave  tried  most  everything  else, 
come  jto  .me.  Where  others  fail  is  where 
I  have  my  greatest  success.  Send  attached 
coupon  to-day  and  I  will  send  you  free  my 
illustrated  l50ok  on  Rupture  and  Its  cure, 
showing  my  Appliance  and  giving  you 
prices  and  names  of  many  people  wlio  have 
tidied  it  and  were  cured.  It  Is  instant  relief 
when  all  others  fail.  Remember.  I  use  no 
salves,  no  harness,  no  lies. 

I  send  on  trial  to  prove  wha.t  I  sa.y  is 
true.  You  are  the  .iudge  and  once  having 
seen  my  illustrated  boolc  and  read  it  you 
will  be  as  enthusiastic  as  my  hundreds  of 
patients  whose  letters  you  can  also  read. 
Fill  out  free  coupon  below  and  mail  to- 
day. It's  well  worth  your  time  whether 
you  try  my  Appliance  or  not, 


Confederate   Veteran   Cured 

Couimorce.   Ga,.   R.    F.    D.   No.    11. 
.Mr.    C.   E.   Broote, 

Dear  Sir — -I  am  glad  to  tell  you  that  I  am 
now  sound  and  well  and  can  ploiisfli  or  do  any 
heavv  work.  1  can  say  your  AippK-ance  has 
eiiecicci  a  uermacont  cine.  Before  petting  your 
.ippliance  1  was  in  a  terrible  Condition  and  had 
eiven  ui)  all  iliope  of  ever  beiirc  any  "better.  If 
it  hadn't  'been  for  yom-  Appliance  I  would  never 
Irave  been  ciwed.  1  am  sixty-eigiht  years  old  and 
served  tibree  years  in  Eckle's  Artillery.  Ogle- 
(horoe  County.  1  hope  God  will  lewa.rd  yoii  for 
the  good  you  are  doinig  for  suffering,  ihumanily. 
Yours  sincerely. 

H.    D.    B.VN'ES. 


Others  Failed  but  the  Appliance  Cured 

C.    E.    Brooks.    Marshall.    Mich. 

Dear  Sir — Your  AnDlianoe  did  all  you  claim 
for  Tilie  little  boy  and  more,  foa'  it  cured  liim 
Kound  and  veil.  We  let  him  wear  it  for  about  a 
.vciar  in  flll.  although  it  cured  him  tihiee  mootlis 
after  he  had  besnm  to  wear  it.  We  had  tried 
.several  other  remedies  and  got  no  relief,  and  I 
.sliall  certainly  reconuncnd  it  to  friends,  for  we 
surely    owe    it    to   you. 

Yours    lesipectfully. 

\\\M.      PATTBRSO'N. 
_  .No.   TIT   S.    Main   St..    A.kron.    0. 

Cured  at  the  Age  of  76 

Mr.   C.   E.  B^roofe.   Marshall,   ilich. 

Dear  Sir — J  began,  using  your  Appliance  for 
the  cure  of  rnnsture  (I  had  a  pretty  bad  case)  I 
tlhink  in  May.  1905.  On  Nov.  20.  1905.  I 
aiuit  usin«  ?t.  Since  that  time  I  have  not 
needed  or  used  it.  1  am  well  of  ruptiu-e  and 
rank  mvself  among  those  cured  bv  tllie  Brooks 
Discovery,  which,  considering  my  age.  saventy-six 
.'.  eiirs.  I  regard  as  reniai*l«i.ble. 

Very    .sincerely    wurs. 

SA.M   A.    HOOVBR. 

.T.imestOTrn.    N.    C. 

Child  Cured  in  Four  Months 

21    .lansen   St..    Dubuque.    Iowa. 
Brooks  Runture  Apnliance  Co. 

•  ientlemen — ^The  baby's  ruptiue  is  altogctlipr 
cured,  thanks  to  your  Appliance,  and  we  are  so 
tlvankful  to  you.  If  we  could  only  have  known 
of  it  sooner  our  little  boy  would  not  have  had 
to  suffer  neaa-  aa  much  as  he  did.  He  wore  5" our 
il»i'a.ce  a  little  over  four  monfilis  and  has  not  worn 
it   now  for  six  weeks. 

Yours  verv  truly. 
.4N'DREW    EGGBN  BERGER . 

Remember 

I  send  my  Aiinliance  on  trial  to  prove  What 
I  say  is  tiue.  Y'ou  are  to  be  the  .tudge.  Fill 
out  free  coupon   below  and  mail  to-day. 


Free  Information  Coupon 

C.    E.    Broolcs. 

1.611  State  St.   Marshall.   Minn. 

Please  send  me  by  mail  in  nhun  wrapper 
vour  illustrated  book  and  full  informat.iou 
about  .vow  Appliance  for  tlie  cure  of  ruptmre. 


Name . 


City 

R.    F.    D.. 


.State. 


119 


27  YEARS  THE  ENEMY  OF  PAIN 


'^cT^NV* 


TABLET 


For  headaches,  NEURALGIAS,  LAGRIPPE, 
WOMEN'S    ACHES    ANE^   ILLS 

ASK  YOUR  DRUGGIST  FOR   "A-K"  TABLETS 
THE  ANTIKAMNIA  CHEMICAL  COMPANY,  ST.  LOUIS 


COLDS, 


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CENTS! 


STRAIGHTEN  ^irOUR  TOES -BANISH  TIW^B^ 


By  Using  ACFIELD'S  PERFECTION  TOE-SPRING 

Worn  at  night,  with  auxiliary  appliance  for  day  use. 

REMOVES    THE    ACTUAL    CAUSE 
of  the  Enlarged  Joint  j>r  Bunion  by  straightening  the  big 
toe.  ^  PERSONAL,   DEMONSTRATION 

cf  this  simple  Surgical  Appliance  win  convince  the  mosi 
slfeptical.     Any   other  Foot    troubles? 

Full  particulars  In  plain  sealed  envelope  to  "Out  of 
Town'  customecs  sent  on  approval.  Money  back  if  mot  as 
represented. 

FREE,   with  every   treatment,    a   box   of  Callocorn. 
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WfTHOU 


Artificial  Eyes  Made  to  Order 

My  experience,  both  in  Europe  and  in  this 
country,  enables  me  to  attend  to  the  most  difficult 
cases  with  the  utnvost  facility  artd  accui-acyj 

"  If  you  cannot  call  at  my  office  personally,  t  can 
by  a  simple  method  fit  you  just  as  well  if  you  take 
the  trouble  to  explain  your  case  to  me»  and  I^ar* 
antee  to  give  you  satisfaction. 

Doctors  on<f  Opticians  Supplied  \JLT  fUl      MITffPR 

on  Most  Fao<frable  Terms  W IVI.    iVlUi^tiuILtV 

242  Sixth  Avenue,  New  York,  N»  Y. 

120 


How  to  Easily 


This  FKEE  Remedy  offer  Is  made  to  you,  reader,  and  to  all  other  ladies  or  men 
alike  who  aro  either  just  commencing  to  i)ut  on  too  much  flesh  or  are  already  hnr- 
dencd  with  unsightly  accumulations  of  unhealthy  fat  on  any  or  all  parts  of  the  body. 
Wliat  we  want  is  to  put  in  your  possession  an  easy,  comfortable  and  safe  means  of 
permanently  reducin^g,  so  you  will  look  and  feel  your  best.  In  other  words,  •  we  ask 
the  privUece  of  sending,  without  a  penny  of  expense  or  cost  to  you,  a  genuine 
"health  package,"  a  complete  testing  supply,  of  our  wonderful  fat  reducer,  AD  IPO, 
the  great  home  self-treatment  for-  all  fleshy  people,  young,  middle-aged  or  older.  It 
has  been  used  by  tens  of  thousands  all  over  the  country,  many  reporting  the  loss  of 
one  pound  a  day,  and  a  constant  Improvement  in  health  anti  spirits  as  the  fat  goes 
away.  In  using  Adipo  you  get  awa>'  from  all  those  quack  "obesity  doctors,"  with 
their  ridiculous  "symptom  blanks"  and  "personal  service"  (?)  promises.  Do  you  believe 
them?  We  hope  not.  In  using  Atllpo  you  are  your  own  doctor.  Nothine  else  required. 
It  represents  all  that  is  best  in  the  very  latest  Nature  Methods  for  cnmfoitalile  reducing. 
No  old-fashioned  "anti-fat"  poisonous  drugs  to  take,  no  fasting  or  ridiculous  exercising. 
As  one  of  our  friends  says:  "You  can  eat  and  get  slender."  Therefore,  reader,  if  you 
want  to  vastly  improve  your  appearance  and  physical  attractiveness  so  no  one  will  again 
call  you  "fat";  if  you  want  to  be  able  to  run  upstairs  without  heart  palpitation,  without 
puffing  or  perspiring,  then  let  Adipo  work  for  you.  It  is  absolutely  tasteless  and  as  safe 
as  diinking  pure  water.  Ihe  most  delicate  person  should  improve  bv  taking  this  wonder- 
ful remedy. 


We  are  sending  out  thousands  of  PBEE  testing  packages  of  Adipo  ever.vwhere,  so  do  not 
hesitate  or  delay.  Simply  write  us  your  address  on  a  postal  and  receive  by  return  mail,  in 
plain  wrapper,  a  complete  50c.  trial  box  of  ADIPO  ready  for  use.  We  will  also  enclose  a 
copy  of  our  new  book,  giving  the  secrets  of  self-reducing.  After  using  the  FliEE  testing  supply  if  you 
need  more,  we  will  gladly  send  it  with  the  distinct-  understanding  that  it  will,  cost  absolutely  nothing  unless 
you  are  sufficiently  reduced:  But  first  get  the  FKEE  sample  as  a  test  and  then  decide  for  yourself. 
Please  Address      THE  ADIPO  COMPANY,      5135  Beard  Building,  New  York  City 


FOR  SALE  AT  GOOD  DRUGGISTS 

We  want  you  to  try  It,  and  have  so   much    confidence    5n  our  Tea,  that  we  will  send 

OnP    Full    ^i-yA    l^Tir      Rnv  on  receipt  O'f    5c.,    to    cover 

,  Kjnc    run    OlZe     iOC.     DOX  cost  of  packing  and  mailing. 

Only  one  package  to  an  individual.     Address 

WEBER'S  MEDICAL  TEA  CO.,    «"'«'i|rU^^i.S?.'Yf'a^l'*- 

121 


This  disease  is  more  easily 
controlled  and  the  patient 
pleased  by  the  use  of  the 
palatable  food — entirely  free 
from  starch  and  sugar — 
that  is  easily  made  in  any 
home  from 


(Self-Rising) 

Listers  Flour  contains  no  carbo- 
hydrates. It  makes  appetizing  dia- 
betics 


This  diabetic  flour  is  in  boxes, 
enough  in  each  for  one  flay.  Thirty 
of  these  boxes  are  packed  in  one  case 
and  make  a  month's  supply,  price 
§4.85;  or  a  two  weeks'  supply  (fifteen 
boxes),   price   $2.75.^  iPuU   directions 

■  # 

in  each  box.    Sold  directly  to  you  by 
the  makers. 

LISTER  BROS.,  Inc. 

no  W.  40th  Street  -  New  York  City 


eumatism 


RemarSiable  Home  Cure  Given  by  One  Who 
Had  It — He  Wants  Every  Sufferer  to  Benefit. 

Send    No    Money — Just    Your    Address. 

Years  of  a"wful  suffering  and  misery 
have  taught  this  man,  Mark  H.  Jack- 
son'^ of  Syracuse,  'jNew  York,  how  ter- 
rible an  enemy  to  .human  ihappin€.j3 
rheumatism  is,  and  'have  given  him 
sympathy  with  all  unfortunates  who 
are  within  its  grasp.  He  wants  every 
rheumatic  victim  to  know  how  he  was 
cured."  Read   what  he  says: 


122 


"I    Had    SharD    Pains    Like    Lairhtninff 
Flashes   Shooting:  Tlironeh   My_  Joints." 

"In  the  spring  of  18'9'3  I  was  attacked 
by  Muscular  and  Inflammatory ,  Rheu- 
matism. I  suffered  as  only  those  Who 
have  it  know,  for  over  three  years.  I 
tried  'remedy  after  remedy,  and  doctor 
after  doctor,  but  such  relief  as  I  re- 
ceived was  onTy  temporary.  Finally,  I 
found  a  remedy  that  cured  me  com- 
pletely, and  it  has  never  returned.  I 
have  given  it  to  a  num.ber  who  were 
terribly  afflicted  and  even  bedridden 
with  rheumatism,  ,and  it  effected  a  cure 
in    every   case. 

"I  want  every  sufferer  from  every  form 
of  rheumatic  trouible  to  try  this"  mar- 
velous healing  power.  Don't  send  a 
cent ;  simply  mail  your  name  and  ad- 
dress and  I  will  send  it  free  to  try. 
After  you  have  used  it  and  it,  -has 
proven  itself  to  be  that  long-looked-for 
means  of  curing  your  rheumatism,  you 
may  send  the  price  of  it,  one  dollar, 
but,  understand,  I  do  not  want  your 
money  unless  you  are  perfectly  satisfied 
to  send  it.  Isn't  that  fair?  Why  suffer 
any  longer  when  positive  relief  is  thus 
offered  you  free?  Don't  delay.  Writ© 
today.  MiARK  .H.  J'AOKJSOIN,  No.  2«-B 
Gumey  Bldg.,   Syracuse,  (N,   Y." 


GET  RID  OF  YOUR  FA  i 

Thousands  of  others  have  grotten  rid  of  theii-s  WTTTHOUT  DIETING 
O'B  EXEBCISING,  often  at  the  rate  of  over  a  pound  a  dav,  and 
WITHOUT  PAYMENT  iintU  reduction   has  taken  place. 

I  am  'a  licensed  practicing  physician  and  personally 
select  the  treatment  for  each  individual  case,  thus 
enabling  me  to  choose  remedies  that  will  produce  not 
only  a  loss  of  weigiit  harmlessly,  but  which  will  •'Iso 
relieve  you  of  all  the  troublesome  symptoms  o?  over- 
etoutness,  such  as  .shortness  of  breath,  pallpitation, 
indigestion,  rheumatism,  gout,  asthma,  kianey 
trouble  and  various  other  afflictions  which  often  ac- 
company   overstoutness. 

My  treatment  will  relieve  that  depressed,  tired, 
sleepy  feeling,  giving  you  renewed  energy  and  vigor, 
a  result  of  the  loss  of  your 'superif luaus  fat. 

You  are  not  -required  to  change  in  the  sligbtest 
from  your  regular  mode  of  living.  There  is  no  diet- 
ing or  exercising.  It  is  simple,  easy  and  pleasant 
to  take. 

If  you  are  overstout  do  not  postpone,-  but  sit  down 
right  now  and  send  for  my  FREE  TRIAL  TREAT- 
MENT and  my  plan  whereby  I  am  to  be  PAID  ONLY 
AFTEK  REDUCTION  HAS  TAKEiX  PLACE  if  you 
so  desire. 

DR.    R.   NEWMAN,     Licensed  Physician,  State  of  New  York, 

286  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y.  Desk  B— 605. 


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123 


HowtoGrow  Fruit  FREEj 

Write  to-day  for  our  book — more  tlfan  a  catalogue.  Tells  what 
to  ^plant  in  your  locality.  How  to  plant,  ihow  to  trim,  spraying, 
as  well  as  giving-  you  the  choicest  varieties  of  apples,  peaches, 
cherries  and  other  fruit — all  "Wood  Quality"  stock.  Cost  you 
about  3ialf  agents'  prices.  "We  sell  direct  only.  We  will  s«nd 
this  boou  absolutely  free.  Not  the  biggest,  book,  but  one  you  cam 
depend  on.      Don't  fail  to  write  for  a  icopy.      Return  mail  brings  . 

WOODLAWN  NURSERIES,  Allen  L.  Wood 

1022  Culver  Road,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


"I  Would  Not  Pari 
with  it  for  $10,"""" 

So  writes  an  en'thusiasitic, 
grateful  customer.  In  like 
imanner  testify  ove" 
100,000  people  who 
have, worn  it.  Con- 
serve your  body 
and   life  first. 

The  Natural 
Body  Brace 

Overcomes  WEAKN^fiSS 
.ind  ORGANIC  AIL- 
LMENTS  of  WOMEN 
and  MEN.  l>«^ek)ps 
KRECT.  graceful    ligure. 

Brir>g3  restful  relief, 
comfort,  ability  to  do 
tilings.  heaJth  aod 
BtreEatli. 

Wear  It  30  'D».ys  Free  at  Our  Expense 

Do€s  away  with  tbe  strain  and  5  ain  of  stand- 
ing a.nd  walkiug:  a-opia<:-es  aad  supports  misplaced 
inteTDal  oi'gaDS,  reduces  enlai'ged  aMomen; 
ebraiBhtens  and  strengthena  itSie  il>ack;  (ori«cts 
stooiiJlog  shoulders ;  develops  lungs,  dhest  ard  iLiist; 
relieves  backache,  cUrviatures,  nevvoiisness,  rup- 
tures, constipation.  Comfortable  and  easy  bj  wwi. 
Keen  Yourself  Fit 

Write  today  for  ilkistrated  (booiklet.  measure- 
iment  blank,  etc..  and  read  our  v.ery  liberal  propo- 
sition. 

Howard  C.  Rash,  Pres.  Natural  Body  Brace  Co. 
339  Rash  Buildine:         SAUNA.  KANSAS 


Something  New^ 
Under  TttESiJN  ^ 


€>'.'«>- 


I 


I'AHianceskin'Pantsj 

AlliancesRin' ' 

Pronounced      A  Linn\  Skill 
Stronger  Than  "  "''"  *  *""' 

We    Pay    Sxoress    or    Parcel 

Post  Char&:es.     Made  As  Voa 

Like  Them.  A  New  Cloth 

— 'beautiful  finish  and  texture. 
Oan  -be  yroni  for  dress  or  work 
and    the   foirmula   for   vpeaving 

"AIXIANCE3SKIN" 
is  our  exclusive  property. 
Wonderful  Value.  Onlv 
$1.00.  We  make  suits  to 
measure  from  $13,50  up,  also 
overcoats 

Agents  Wanted  al  Once 

Just  mail  ua  your  name  and 
address  and  we  will  send 
FRfEE  all  our  catalogues,  with 
real  samples  of  cloths,  illus- 
trations, tape  line.  order 
blanks,  etc.  Bisgest  bargains 
yiou  ever  saw.  Our  prices 
save  half.  Satisfaction  guar- 
anteed. See  all  our  ret 
erenees  and  with  theM. 
Make  Big  Money. 
Producers  &  Consumers  Alliance. 
Dent.  509.  Wholesale  Tailors. 

CHICAGO. 


KOLB 


House  Your  Auto,  $82.50  Up 


Why  add  to  the  high  cost  of  motoring  by  paying  garage  rent?  Use  a 
Kolb  Ready-Built  Garage;  easy  to  erect,  strong,  durable  and  attractive. 
No  waste  material — no  carpenter's  bills.  Write  today  for  booklet  giving 
full  details  and  specifications. 

Kolb  Portable  Building  Company 

38  CHURCH  STREET,  NEW  YORK  Phila.  Office:  Bourse  BIdg. 

"     124 


Cum 


^^^!. 


?9 


tivi 


disP®' 


^-^^iS^^" 


15P  ^-v;4  us^-  -  >iue  ^-  -      .  _  ^^e,  V^'"^ 


"tie 


the  V^'^' 


V^  V<i  ^^^:'!w  i^^^^^' 


„pratitiS 
t\^  Vt9  °°  tofe^tV^itvc^if  6 


.-ov 


tlae 


Ast^.'r;a\so^^^::;odate 


s^fraQ^^ 


^""J?ev--^«' 


.cWV>^^ 


DttVtnO^ 


ed. 


ctvoo, 


Co- 


125 


LEARN 
IN  5PAI^t 


EASr 

SPEEDY 

Can  be  learned  in  ^  Days  at  your  home  during  your  spare  time.  Boyd 
Syllabic  system,  a  revolutionary  New  Method.  Simple,  easy;  .brings  amazing 
results.  Based  entirely  on  new  principles — easy  to  learn — easy  to  write — easy 
to  read.  We  guarantee  a  speed  of  100  to  150  words  a  minute  in  30  Days.  Learn 
the  New  Easy  Way.  Can  be  learned  in  from  one  to  two  weeks — then  speed 
practice — and  in  30  daj's  from  the  time  you  enroll  you  are  ready  for  a  position. 
Writers  hold  the  World's  Record  for  speed  and  accuracy.  So  certain  are  the 
Results  that  we  give  a  Money  Back  Guarantee.  Costs  nothing  unless  you  are 
fully  satisfied. 

Special  offer  Now  to  new  students.  Send  today  for  Free  Catalog  and 
Sample  Lesson. 

A  complete  course  in  Touch  Typewriting  which  has  won  Five  World's 
Records  is  given  FREE. 

Chicago  Home  Study  Schools 

518A  Reaper  Block,  Chicago,  111. 


Bi«!«?ja   ^  T       ■  ii*f*Tj«i 


GET  OUR   PRICES 

BEFORE  BUYING 


w  York  Im 


Lumber,  Timber  and  Mouldings,  Kiln-Dried 
Hardwoods,  Veneer  Panels,  Partitions,  Floor- 
ings, Ceilings,  Shelvings,  Joist,  Etc. 

NO  ORDER  TOO  SMALL 

25  tSREAT   JONES  STREET,  Near  Lafayette  Street 

IMENA/    YORK     CIXY 

Telephone  2329  Spring 


126 


MANUFACTURERS   AND  OTHER   PATENT  BUYERS 
ARE  CONSTANTLY  WRITING  ME  FOR  NEW  IDEAS 


Protecte 


Owen   Patents 


Is  your  idea  needed?  Is  there  a  demand  for  it?  Is  it  patentable?  Send 
me  a  sketch  or  mode'l  and  let  me  inveistigate  its  possibilities  for  you.  No 
obldgation  incurred  by, writing  me. 

Your  trade-mark  should  be  registered  as  provided  by  Federal  Statutes. 
I  am  thoroughly  experienced  in  trade-mark  practice  in  all  its  branches. 

Send  or  call  for  your  copy  of  my  book  on  patents  and  lrade«^iriarks.  It 
will  give  you  full  and  invaluable  information.     Mailed  free  on  request. 

RICHARD  B.   OWEN 


PATENT    LAWYER 


15  Owen  Building 
WASHINGTON,    D.   C. 


22nd  Floor,  Woolworth   Building 
NEW    YORK    CITY 


As  SDecialists  universally  recosmizea  in  all  mattprs  oerlainins-  to  stocks 
and  bonds,  we  impart  information  throug-h  the  following^  handbooks,  anv 
of  which  will  be  sent  free  upon  request  for  5  4-WA.  statins-  numbers. 

1.  TKe  Tnvestor's  Pocket  Manual. 

2.  Standard   Oil    Blue   Book. 


3.  Independent   Oil   Book. 

4.  Sugar   Stocks    Handbook. 


5.  Copper    Stocks    Handbook. 

6.  Motor   Stocks   Handbook. 

7.  Silver    Stocks    Handbook. 

8.  Tobacco    Stocks   Handbook. 


9.  The   Twenty-Payment   Plan   Booklet. 

Our  service  is  continued  fortniahtly  by  mailinR  our   20-paEe  uublication 
.•      "INVESTMENT   OPPORTUNITIES." 

Also,  by  detailed  replies  to  all  correspondence,  inquiries,  or  Information 
asked   for   through   our   Statistical   Department. 


Established 
1908 


(Inc.) 

Investment  Securities 


40 
Exchange' 

Place 
New    York 


S 


127 


^^^^^^^m¥f¥M^. 


if/ant  to  Feel  Just  Right? 


Take  an  NR  Tonight    ^ 


JUST  TRY  IT  AND  SEE  how  much  better  ^rou  feel  in  the  morning.    That  "logcy." 
headachVt  tired,  don't-know-what's-the-matter  feeling  will  be  gone— you'll  £eel  fine. 

TROUBLE   IS,   your  system  is 
clogged   with   a  lot  of   impurities   that   your 
over-worked  digestive  and  eliminative   organs 
can't  get  rid  of.     Pills,  oil,  salts,  calomel  and  ordi- 
nary laxatives,  cathartics  and  purges  only  force  the 
bowels   and    prod   the   liver. 

Nature's  Remedy  (NR  Tablets)  acts  on  the  stomach, 
liver,  bowels  and  even  kidneys,  not  forcing,  but  ton- 
ing and  strengthening  these'  organs.  The  result  is 
prompt  relief  and  real,  lasting  benefit.  Make  the  test. 
Nature's  Remedy  will  act  promptly,  thoroughly,  yet 
so  mildly,  so  gently,  that  you  will  think  nature  her- 
self has  come  to  the  rescue  and  is  doing-  the  work. 

And  oh,  what  a  relief ! 

You'll    be    surprised    to 

find  how  much   better  you 

feel— brighter,  better  every  way. 

If  habitually  or  stubbornly  con- 
_,  stipated,   talce  one  NR  Tablet 

t"'''^     each  night  for  a  week.    Then 

you'll  not  have  to  take  medicine 

every  day.    Just  an  occasional 

NR  Tablet  after  that  will  be 

sufficient  to  keep  your  system 

in  good  condition  —  keep 

you  feeling  your  best. 

Get  a  25  ^ 
Box 


"Remedy  (fWlal 
19  sold  Guaranteed  ^ 

and  recommended  by  >our  druggis 


T  TABLETS- 


BetteigThptKlk^ 
,  Far  J^^ 


FREE 


Send  us  a  2c  stamp  and  mention  The  Worl.i 
Almanac.  We  will  send  you  a  generous  sample  of 
Nature's  Remedy  (NR  Tablets).  It's  worth  more 
than  the  postage  and  trouble. 


The  Ao  H.  Lewis  Medicine  Co. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 


128 


Prepare   for   a  permanent   posi- 
tion now  and  after  ithe  war.     Rail- 
way  Traffic    Inspectors    always    in 
line  for  advancement.    No  age  limit 
^only  common  school  education  and 
three  months'   home  study.    M'ig'hty 
good  salary — and  expenses. 

A  railway  traffic  inspector  safe- 
cuards  the  lives  of  the  fpublic  and 
proteots  his  company's  interests — 
an  important  position.  He's  paid  to 
travel  and  obser-ve.  Works  only 
with  railroad  offleials^-that's  why 
he's  bound  to  gain  a  position  of 
trust.. 

I  Hundreds  needed  right  now — thou- 
^  sands  later.  Study  for  only  three 
)  months.    We'll  arrange  for  position. 

I  Delay    never    secured    any    one    a 
better  position — but  action  will  do 
it — immediate    acti(-n.       Booklet 
D-20  tells  all— write  to-day. 


W^^^^^^^B^^^^m^M^ 


Earn  $8  to  $15  a  Day 

Sharpening 

Razor  Blades 

with  a 

Hyfield 

Complete 

Sharpening 

Machine 

^^hioh  puts  ft  keen  cut- 
ting edge  on  any  mate 
Saifety  Kazor  blade  (12 
at  one  itinis  iu  5 
minutes). 

EAST  AND  SrVtPLE  TO  OPEKATE 

Sharpens  Jack  Eazors,  Bao-bers'  ScissoaB,  Shears, 
Knives,   etc. 

IF   YOi;    WANT    TO    STABT   A    PROFIT- 
ABLE  BUSINESS    or   YOUR   OWN 
SEND    rOK    OUK    PLAN. 

HYFIELD  MFG.  CO. 

21  Walker   Street,  N.  Y. 


Mr.    Boros    Ilatl    a    K«n-Dowii    Lot.    but 
Now    They're    Healthy    and    Layiiis'. 


had.  colorless  combs,  and  were  not  laying'. 
In  less  than  three  weeks  from  the  time-  I 
started  t'eeding  them  Don  Sune  !■  be.Lrr.n 
to  receive  esss  each  day  and  am  iiuw 
receivins:.  on  the  averaRe.  essa  from  nine- 
tenths  of  my  hens  every  day." — Jolin 
Boros.   R.   ^.   D.    7.   Mt.   Pleasant,  Mich. 

People  whose  hens  are  run  down  and 
not  layiniS  can  start  them  laying  and  ke^^p 
them  laying.  Accept  our  offer  as  Mr. 
Boros   did. 

Give  your  hens  Don  Suns'  and  watch  re 
.suits  for  one. month.      If  you  don't  find  th.'t 
Don  Sun^  pay.s  for  itself,  and  a  good  prolit 
besides,   your  inoney  will  bo  refunded. 

Don  Sung  ('Chinese  for  eKg-laying) 
works  on  the  ece:- laying  organs  and  is 
also  a  splendid  touic.  It  is  easily  Kiven  in 
the  teed,  improves  the  hen's  health,  makes 
her  stronger  and  more  active  in  any 
weather. 

Tit  iDon  Sung  for  30  days  and  if  it 
doesn't  get  you  the  eggs,  no  matter  how 
cold  ,or  wet  the  weather,  your  money  will 
be  refimded  by  return  mail.  Send  5  0 
cents  for  a  package  by  mail  prepaid. 
Bunell-Dugger  Co..  231  Columbia  Bldg.. 
Indianapolis.    Ind. 


ONLY 


Set  in  Solid  Gold 

Yes,  mail  us  only  1(1,  and  vre  will  send  you  pre- 
paid oil  10  (lays'  free  trial,  a,  Lacliuite  mounted  in 
solid  gold.  When  it  comes  nierel.v  deposit  $3.73 
(Vith  the  postman  and  then  weai'  the  ring  10  full  days. 
Proo  Trial  't  ^o"  or  any  of-  your  friends  can  tell 
riCG  iisai  It  fiom  a  diamond  send  it  back  and  all 
your  money  will  be  returned  at  once.  But  if  you  keep 
it  send  us  $2.50  a  month  until  $18.75  lias  been  paid. 
\l^rit!>  Tn.risu  Send  si  to-day  and  tell  us  which 
niiiG  IU  uaj  of  tiie  t^-o  riuns  illustrated  above 
(ladies'  or  men's)  you  wish.  Be  sura  to  tend  the 
size  of  your  finger.  HAROLD  (L.\{'H:mAN  CO.. 
Dent.    3401.    12  N.   iMichigan   Av..   Chicago 


GOOD  ENGLISH 

A  BOOK  TO  KEEP  ON  YOUR  DESK 

Bv  Dr.  John  L.  Haney.  Head  of  Dept,  of 

EiigUsh.  Central  Hiah  School,  Phila. 

A  handy  reference  work,  more 
conTenient  than  the  dictionary.  Ex- 
plains OVER  1000  misused  words 
and  phrases  iu  clear  language  that 
anyone  can  understand. 

The  best  book  of  its  kind  in  print. 

''Why  be  ke|)t  down  by  mistakes 
in   speaking  and  writing?" 

Cloth  Bound,  244  pages.  Only  $1 
postpaid. 

Newly  revisfd  edition  now  ready. 
Let  ua  send  you  a  copy  on  approval. 

The  Egerton  Press,  934  North  lltb  St.,  Phila,  Pa. 


"JVIy  hens  were   in  a  very  poor  condition ;   i 


129 


♦I- 

I 

T 


t 

•I' 

* 
V 

t 


1' 

•I- 

t 


If  you  have  Catarrhal  Deafness  or  head  noises  go  to 
your  drugg'ist  and  get  1  ounce  of  Parmint  (double  strength) 
and  add  to  it  1/4  pint  of  hot  water  and  4  ounces  of  granu- 
lated sugar.     Take  1  tablespoonful  four  times  a  day. 

This  will  often  bring  quick  relief  from  the  distressing 
head  noises.     Clogged  nostrils  should  oiDen,  breathing' be- 
come easy  and  the  mucus  stop  dropping  into  the  throat.     It    ^ 
is  easy  to  prepare,  costs  little  and  is  pleasant  to  take.     Any    "^ 


one  who  has  Catarrhal  Deafness  or  head  noises  should  give 


►I- 
t 


this  prescription  a  trial. 


CAN  BE  CURE 

ree  Pro 


AU  I  want  is  your  name  and  address  so  I  can  send  you  a  free       J.  O.  Hutzcll.  R.  P. 
■trial  treatment.    I  want  you  iust  to  ti-y  this  treatment — ^that's  aU  DK.UGGIST 

— just  tny  it.      That's  my  only  arsument. 

■  I've  been  in  the  drug  business  in  Fort  Wayne  for  20  years,  nearly  everyone  knows 
me  and  Icnows  about  my  successful  treatment.  Over  six  thousand  five  liundred  people 
outside'  of  Fort  Wayne  have,  according  to  their  own  statements.'  been  cured  by  tliis 
treatment   since   I   first   made  this   ofifer  Dublic. 

If  you  have  Eczema.  Itoh,  Salt  Rheum.  Tetter — never  mind  how  bad — ray  treatment 
has  cured  the  worst  cases  I  ever  saw — srive  me  a  chance  to  Drove  my  claim. 

Send  me  your  name  and  address  on  the  coupon  below  and  set  the  trial  treatinent   I 
want  to  send  you  FREE.     Th^  wonders  accomplished  in  your  own  case  will  be  proof. 
>'*^i'*'*'>'>''*'*'^''>'*'*'*'*'*'*'*'*'^'*'*CUT  OUT  AND  MAIL  TO-DAY  *^'^'^'*'*'V>'*'vv*/www/»/vw/» 

J.  C.  HUTZELL,  Druggist,  2894  West  Main  St.,  Fort  Wayne,  !nd. 

Please  send  without  cost  or  obligation  to  me  your  Free  Proof  Treatment. 


Name A rc  . 


I'ost    Office State . 


Street   and  No. 


130 


For  Healtji  and  Crop  Insurance 

USE 


w/Mmw^///M^Vy>/^^W/^//M7M///M/////////M^^^^ 


It  Destroys  Grain  Smut,  Potato  Scab  and  other  Fungous  Diseases.        ^ 

i 


^V77yy77r//////////M/./.V?7777777;/7//////M/^/y^^^^^^^^^^ 


SOLUTIOX   I',   S.  P,  40%   VOLUME. 


O 


THE     FA 


THE      HOME 

It  Kills  Flies,  Disinfects  Sick  Rooms,  Toilets,  Drains,  Sinks  ,Etc.,  Etc. 
For  Free  Illustrated  Booklet  Write  to 

PERTH    AMBOY    CHEMICAL     WORKS 


100  William  Street 


New  York    $ 


t^^!^>//^y/yyy^y/y/^yy^/^yyyyyy^^^ 


Improved  Parcel  Post  Egg  Boxes 
New  Flats  I  Fillers-New  Egg  Oases 

Leg  Bands— ^OatSa  Sprouters 

Sendfor  Free  Cataloeue  Describing  Our 

Poultry    Supplies 
H.  K.  BRUNNER 

Dppt,  W,       45  HARRISON  ST..  N.  Y, 


KOLESCH   SURVEYORS'  INSTRUMENTS 

are    of 

Highest  Quality   and  InfallibSy   Accurate 

T'he  name  "Kolesch"'  on  Engineers'  and  Draughtsmen's  linstru- 
nienis  guarantees  careful  construction,  accuracy,  relia-bility,  and 
bis'gest    value     for    your    money. 

Kolesch  Quality  Blue  Print  Paper 

A     Better     Product     for     the     Same 

Money    Than    You    ^re    Now    Paj'ina: 

Enerineers,     Architects    and    Drauehtsmen,    seixd    for    oiir    Catalog 

and  Price  List  of    Siirveyinji:  Instruments  and   Drawinc   MateriaU. 

IT  WILL  SAVE  YOU  MONEY! 

KOL.ESCM      Sc     COIVIF»ArMY 

13S    Fulton   Street.    NEW    YOEK    CITY 

131 


Catalog  600  New    Designs    Free 
Direct    from    Factory    to    You 

Desisnns  and  estimates  furnished  free  on'  any  snec.al 
order  work.  Old  ieweliy-  repaired  or  made  into  new 
and  up-to-Uate  desigms.  No  order  is  too  small  or 
too  large. 

C.  K.  GROUSE  CO. 

IS  BRtCE  AVENUE.  North  Attleboro.  Mass. 


^NavyRings 


Desism 
Tatented 

I  Allied  Shield  Ring 

A  fine  Sterling  Silver  Ring  with  beautiful 
shield  in  hard  enamel,  showing  the  National 
colors  of  the  leading  Allied  Nations — ^Amer- 
iesr  Great  Britain.  Friiuce  and  Italy.  At 
the  top.  aupropriiitely.  are  the  colors  of  tlie 
U.  S.  A.  with  ii;3  shield  of  Britain  in  the 
centre  below,  flanked  by  the  French  tri- 
color and  the  fl.'.g  of  Italy — red.  white  and 
green.  Wear'  it  as  a  mark  of  distinction  of 
your  allied  interest  in  the  war. 

Ab  exclusive  manufacturer  we  will  mail 
this  beautiful  new  ring  anywhere  on  re- 
ceipt of  $2.00. 

LlPAULf  COMPANY 

1034  Arch  SL,      Dept.  10       Philadelphia 


Women's  National 
HONOR  MEDAL 

For  tho  Mothers, 
\^'ives  and  Sisters  of 
the  Men  in  War 
Service. 
"Into  tih'e  .jaws  »f 

death. 
Into     tibe     niniitfli 

ot  Hell" — 
That's  where  our  ■wcmen 
ate  fending  ilioir  loved 
oues.  Loolft  It  the 
smile  on  their  lipsl 
Think  of  Ihe  .X'-'ie  in 
their  hearts  as  they 
watch  their  "boys" 
march  away!  Thty  are 
doing  this  for  t-'tJ — for 
oui'  Country. 
We  giv«  oiu:  soldier's  medaja  for  '  vailor  in 
action.  How  can  we  honoi'  these  brav^,  wom- 
en who  througili  the  sacrifice  ot  their  Ic-ved 
ones  are  malting  the  winning  of  this  war  ipos- 
eible?  Join  the  movemernt  and  make  it  a  luer- 
sonal  duty  to  see  that  every  Mother.  Wife  or 
Sister  of  a  man  in  War  Service  wears  a 
"WOMEN'S  N.\TaONAL  HONOR  MEDAL  as 
a  tribute  to  her  loyalty  and  couraige.  This  is 
one  of  the  noblest  moveanents  started  Since 
the  war  began,  and  has  onet  wibli  instant  and 
general  approval. 

Write  for  illustrated  booklet  gi'.'iag  full  in- 
forimation.   to 

"The  Women's  National  Honor  >Iedal" 
92.1  Drexel   Buildins,  Philadelphia 


POPULARITY  FOLLOWS  THE 


UKUL 


If  you  play  quaint,  dreamy  HaAvaiian  music 
or  latest  song's  on  the  Ukulele  you  wiiM  be 
wanted  eveirywhere.  We  teach  by  mail  20 
simple  lessons;  give  you  free  a  genuine 
Hawaiian  Ukuilele,  music,  everything — no  ex- 
tras. Ask  u^  to  send  the  story  of  Kawaiian 
music.  You  will  love  it.  No  obliga;tion — abso- 
■  luteiy  free. 

THE  HAWAIIAN  INSTITUTE  OF  MUSIC  A 

1400  Broadway,   Suite  25(X);     New  York,  N.  Y. 

132 


YOU  MAY  TRY  IT 
BEFORE  YOU  BUY  IT 


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name  the  leading  shippers  in  any  leading"  industry  anywhere  without  naminsr  ownew 
of  PIAGRAPHS  in  quantities  of  from  1  to  100  or  more  utacliines.  (Also  hundi^ds  used 
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A  DIAGRAPH  pays  for  itself.  Sinioly  ask  us  to-day  to  send  you  one  prepaid.  .  ulve 
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905  Clinton  Street,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Portable  and  Permanent  Buildings 

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142  WASHINGTON  STKEET,  near  Cedar.  NEW  YORK 


Genuine   PREMO    Camera 

This  is  tlie  real  daylight 
loading  Film  Pack  Camera, 
made  by  the  famous  ESst- 
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shutter  for  time  exposure 
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instructions  w  1 1  li  each 
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BINGO  CO.,  Dept,  825,        BinBliamton,  N.  V. 


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Mailed  upon  receipt  of 
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THE  WILLIAM  B.  DUCK  CO. 

243-245  Superior  St.        Toledo,  Ohio 


165 


• 


ORIGINAL 
RAW  FUR  SHIPMENTS 

Sold  weekly   at 
Sealed  bid  sales 

Shipments   Solicited 

GEORGE  I.  FOX 

Raw  Fur  Merchant 
164  West  125th  Street,  New  York 


CRIPPLES 

We  coiTecfc  aud  OTercome] 
all  crippled  conditioas  of  the 
limbs  and  spine  by  the  ap-' 
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perfected  apparatus  and  cor- 
sets. 

Write  and  state  your  case 
and  we  will  tell  you  what 
we  can  do  for  you. 

The  Wniiam  M.  Eisen  Co. 

Practical   Ortliopedists 

Department  No.   1 

413   Eighth    Avenue 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

For  25  years  manufacturers 
to  the ,  prominent  hospitals  of 
the   country. 


CONSTIPATION 

CAN   BE  CURED   BY  THE 

INTERNAL  BATH 


THE  EAGER  INTESTINE  CLEANSER  AND  IDEAL  VAGINAL  DOUCHE 


(a  syrince  onerated  by  weieht  o*  the  bmlr)  ffivcs  immediate  relieif  without  medicine, 
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Complete  Outfit  )B5:  the  combination  .<S3.50.  fits  all  water  bass. 

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E?ger  Colon  Cleanser  Co.,  737  Washington  A  venue,  ?S?<^e?orpro^£ect* 

166 


Become  An 


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Illustrators 
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1385  H  Street,  N.  W.       ::::::       :      WASHINGTON,  D.  €. 


pli::n;E::::::MC)^ll^^sMI^^ 


Just  send  coupon  below  and  we  will 
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That  Ls  why  tlie  prica  U  only 

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Slip  these  shoes  on  in  your 

No;e  the  spleii 


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Smart  and  stylish..  Genuine  oak  leather  soles.  | 
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must  try  them  on  to  enioy  tbe 
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no    money    in    ADVANCE. 
Sent  oa   approval.  .  Th9 
shoes     must     convince  , 
YOU.  AciNOWi  Send 
coupon  at  coce. 


onn  home. 

did  selected  leather!    'Feel 

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ExnralDe  the  "Indestructo"  heavy  leather 

sole.  Customers  nrite  these  shoes  lool; 
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you  ever  saw,  send  them  back  f.nd 
nc'U  return  your  mone.v,  You  are  ,^_-_  ,^^^_ 
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""sl.l^caf  Off^'^^olda"'  ooi"''  •      /««  ';•  O.Bui,,^,.,.  Bcor.,  Ma». 
■      Send  postpaid  shoes  marked  below,    I  will 
Q  pay  for  them  on  arrival.     If  they  are  not 
I  the  best  value  in  America,  you  will  rettira 
•  my  money.     I  risk  nothing. 
I  □  WorK  Shoe.  $3.65     n  •>''«"  Sho*.  I3.M 


SEND 


Orttv  Ifi'S  cou- 
pon, no  monev- 
It  brinps  these 
splen'iia  s/iofs 
to  you  prepaid. 


Size. 


I 

^  Name  . , 
BOSTON  MAIL  ORDER  HOUSE,  Botton.Mass.   I 

1^— — —  I  >  » Addrew 


Color. 


Size. 


167 


Learn  to  Play  Hawaiian  Guitar 

BY  OUR  NEW  METHOD 

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1400   Broadway,   Suite  2600,  New  York  City 


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Walter  F.  Carr 
27  Broadway,  New  York  City 

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MANUFACTURERS 

High  Grade 
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SINCE  1867 
Let  Us  Know  Your  Wants 

FACTORY    AND    SALESROOM 

112  Fulton  St.,  N.  Y.  City 


M'l'V*«f- 


makes  barn  work  easier.    Onr 
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,,  'Write  for  our  large,  Illustrated  cataloe.    It  fully  deBcribeB""  , 
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D  OLLAn 

,        AUTOMOBILE  and 
)  TRACTOn   SCHOOL 


"Vfx/ 


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Most  Practical  School  in  the  World 

Whe  man,  wto  graduates  from  the  Sweeney 
Auto.  fPmcttar  amd  Aiviaitiion  Sdhool  doesn't 
neeid  to  "woiTy  abwit  naa'lcLng  a  living  as 
Bomie  college  gnaduates  do.  He  comes  (Hit 
of  tihds  sohool  after  a  fevr  weeks'  taaitting 
a  foiffl  Iflle<ig0cl,  praatooal  auto  aud  motor 
imieioliiaittijo  'nirtih  bmiudreds  of  jiosiitions  o-ryeu, 
to  iliiiin  at  ttoe  ihigilie?it  lands  otf  ea,ka-i«8. 
H6  liEO^vB  iios  bvffiiness  and  is  practical 
from  tihe  word  "go.''' 

Enormous   Demand   for  Men 

fftere  neTer  was  eucli  a  demand  for 
auto  end  motor  meahainics  and  proOj- 
aiblCr  ii6ver  wiH  bo  again.  Yen  can 
^  Bitep  'into  amy  kind  of  a  Ihig'li-Balaxied 
»  poKtiou  you  dioose,  aJnywOiere  aad  aif. 
aOaniost  amy  paiae.  SWltei  oiedhianiica 
are  itihe  luciliy  mem  to-d*y.  They  are 
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an  tMsioess. 

S      Learn    the.  Automobile    an^ 
^j  Tractor  Business 

The.  busimess  .■wttiidi  was  st.ait(>d  for 
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machinery.  You  can  suoceed.;  Its  ycnu 
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"iiEBHEFBy 


2.fff«mir 


ii< 


--a      -  Mi««  is  the  one  eohool  which  gives^.ou    ^         ^^         ^^_ 
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^>^^'^  periewee.  1  mean  »t.     You  f^t  it  m^  y  .^  ^^  ^  ^^^ 

hundreds  of  machines  anfl  cara      ^«  |^f^[^^iy  ^y  students      You  get  it 

,F^^1  S^'}^  lf^Lr^^^aSSrM^^St^..^e, res.au  speak  fo. 


Yoni  success  is  my  Bui;i;ea».     ■'"";;>'  .-r  made  my  gradiuates  8neL;eH»ivu.     ■v"-j^,'--'-s'  ^-"-,£1, 
■of  my  graduates.     My  system  did  ^^.-AJ^^ill  ^  ^e  wottd  teachine  meebamcg     l.f^e^™- 
tViPTORplves      My  school  is  one  of  the  lareeat  in  .""b  pj-iiiuTjines    Hawaii,  South  Alrioa.  aus- 
^M^  from  ell  ovOT  the  wld,  Italy.  South  America  ^^^'^^1""^  ^v  reputation  and  success.     I 
toSia    Japan    Kv^sla  and  Sema.    They  com^8  to  me  because  01      .^  yourse  f.  doms 

ffi- the  automobile  and  trac to  busme.^l^^  have    this 

actual  work    keeping  you  at  it  until  you  Know  ii-.     -^   «  ,  .      t 

stiool  Of  practical  experience,   «  .  „  1  r^^  fhi^  Rame  thing  in  the  automobile  and  tractor  ^ 

i  Tweeneyand  Success  ttl^^XSUfl™  rte»in^>^ 

IHv?.   I  haye  absolnt^ly^eyeri  reefal"woTTaeropl.ane.motm;s.  —" «-  —  ^^ 


„„i„„   the 
wonderful 


nothing 


:  oTeiv  ^i; 


„ tractor  ana  ir"^-\  "^i'iJS'k'  ^"^h^inT  In'The  worfd"  both  in  size  and  enmisment.    ^WjS'' 

iooked,  _Thia.  i8_the^greatest  ,t«^s^school^  inline  ■>'i^  _  ■ .  .  .  o  .  v^ 


i««^^i,J^Ti^'f*''c'pTTnRlFS  NO  OTHER  SCHOOL  HAS        j^y^^%°' 

SPECIAL  FEATURt^  WU   w^  ^    studying  with  me  AX^X 

Evervthing  for  the  pleasui-e  a,^A  comfort  of  I^BtuaemB       gj,        ^    Baths,  ,<cV^:4rA^ 
&  tois  wonderful  b^nldmg.   Indoor  J^™™'^^tm-e  Theatre  seating  ^^VcO^V^ 
Librarv.  Recreation  Rj?»wiu?^.%??^n  the  world    seating  425  at  once;    ,<y'<^  *^1i-C»' 


rfied     Write  for  my  catalog.  .j     * 

ceea.     ""^«E,  j/ SWEENEY,  president  ^, 

Sweenev  Aulomobile  and  Tractor  bchooi   <^o- 

L    aSfrLn  StL^JPI^-lKansa.  Cit.v,  Mo.   ^^^, 

169         ^         *V 


.^' 


^^^^^^ 


.<V>WV 


^ 

w* 


T70 


you  ARE  BADiy 
iAIIDICAPPED 


if  you  lack  High  School  training.  You  caij* 
not  attain  social  or  business  prominence. 
You  are  barred  from  a  successful  business 
career,  from  the  leading  professions,  titom 

well-paid  civil  service  jobs,  from  teaching  and  college  entrance.  In  fact,  employer-; 

in  practically  all  worthwhile  positions  demand  High  School  training.  That's  the 
"way  you  are  handicapped  i^you  lack  this  vital  training.  But  you  can  reropve  tlijs 

obstacle  to  your  success.   The  American  School  Course  meets  every  requirements 

FIf  YOURSELF  FOR  A  BIG  FUTURE 

This  Course  will  broaden  your  mind,  and  make  you  keen,  alert  and  capable.  It  is  complete,  eiin* 
plified,  and  gives  you  the  same  training  as  a  resident  school  will.  Lessons  are  written  specially- 
for  home  study  and  competent  instructors  guide  and  coach  you  from  start  to  finish.  It  absolutely 
gives  you  the  knowledge  that  now  stands  as  a  barrier  between  you  and  desirable  positions* 

ag^B  |B§.E  Most  people  idle  away  fifty  hours  a  week.    Probably  you  do,  too*. 

***•"  BBri»»  Use  only  one-fifth  of  that  time  for  studying  and  you  can  easily 

SaAIIQIS  ®Miy  remove  your  present  handicap  iw7/H>« /ifo  i'ears.  The  question  of 
■■"•*"■■'  ^0W%^M  your  success  hinqes  on  whether  or  not  you  will  devote  apaxt  of 
your  spare  time  to  this  home  study  course  of  High  School  training. 


HECIDES  PAIT  to  increase  your 
earning  power— only  one  way  to  get  the 
position  you  want  and  the  pay  you  want. 
You  must  train.  The  difference  between 
$15  and  $50  a  week  is 
measured  only  by  train- 
ing—knowing  HOW. 
Let  us  assist  you  to  ac» 


AMERICAN  SCHOOL  OF  CORRESPONDtNC£ 

Dept.  &5S3i  CHICAGO  i 


TT?AINrNG-THE  KEY  TO    SUCCESS: 


ASU 


Explain  how  I  can  qualify 

for  the  positie«i  checked. 

,..High  School  Graduate  Steam  Engineer. 

...General  Kducation  Cour.ie    Draf tsmau  aod  Designer 

...CoBimon  School  Branches    Lawyer 


..Electrical  Encineer 
...-Klec.Licht  &  Power  Supt, 
...Hydroelectric  Engineer 


Lessons 

Free 


quire  the  knowledge  you       -"llJIPh-e  E^jeincer 

Wireless  Operator 


lieed.    Our  training  does 

not  interfere  with  your  ..Architect 

present  work.    Try  ten  .....Building  Contractor 

lessons  in  any  Course  at       Civil  Engineer  . 


our  expense.  Check 
and  mail  the  coupon  for 
full  particulars  and  Free 
Bulletin. 


Structural  Engineer 
Mechanical  Engineer 
Shop  Superintendent 


Business  Manager 
....Certified  Pub.  Accountant 
....Accountant  ai>d  Auditoc 
....Booklteeper 
....Stenographer 
....Fire  Insurance Gspgrt 
...Sanitary  Engineer 
....Master  Plumber 
....Heating  &  Vent.  Englt>g9j 

Automobile  Engineer 

Automobile  RepairmAA 

....Airplane  Mechanic 


.Name. 


I  Address.. 


•m 


171 


GARDEN  TOOLS 


ttrnm 


Answer  the  big  question: 
How  can  I  have  a  good 
garden  with  least  ■ex- 
pense? How  '  can  the 
wife  have  plenty  of  fresh  vege- 
tables for  the  home  table  with  least 
labor? 

Combined  Hill 
and  DrillSeeder 

solves  the  garden  labor  problem. 
Take*  the  place  of  many  tools. 
Stored  in  small  space.  Sows,  covers, 
:  cultivates,  weeds,  ridges,  etc..  better 
than  old-time  tools.  A. 
wamaxi,  boy  or  girl  caa 
push  it  and  do  a  day's 
hand-work,  ia  60  mln 
utes.  Write  for 
price*  and  twoklet 
showing, 
many 
labar* 
s='.ing 
combJna- 

Batman  M'fgCo.,Bos51C,GrenIocb,NJ. 


NO* 
806 

Drill 

and 

Wheel 

Hoe 


GET  THIS  SUIT  I«IAD£ 
to  YOUR  OWN  Measure 


QMIItVi 
anA  Fit 
Guar- 
anteed 


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finest  ami  sii»pipi««b  Boat 
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it  to  yott  ali  <4ui«ea 
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offer  att  omioe, 

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fol.  liberal  Free  Suit 
offer  for  a  Eftiort  period 
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our   latest   fiwWion   plates 

besides  dozens  of  real  cloth  samples   to   choose 

tioxa.    Write  at  once;  don't  wait,  doit't  delay. 

Spencer  Head  Company,  Dept.  I7S0,  Chicago.JII. 


a  •  ji  tiini ««)  rsn.ii.».iiM»i,M*!U«i*.»«  •<■«"•»•• 


j  ?  Send  sKetchorinodel 

J  r  for  actual  search  and 

:  :rreipiott.  Write  for  Book- 

i  let  of  instructions  on 

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:  procedure.  Prompt-  if 

5  personal  service.  , . . 

'\  Gea.R  Kimmel 

■        Patent  Lawyer 


1 1 lOl-A  ORIENX^t.  &U3G.V^SH1^«?T0H.D.C|I 


o  I  ( ( 1 1 1 1  ^  1 1 1  ( <  i>  u  1 1 1 « <  I  t'j  M  I J I ; '  •  * "  ■ 


CASH 


We  will  pay  tlie  higbest  market 
prices  for 

DIAMONDS,  JEWELRY, 
WATCHES,  OLD  GOLD.  SILVER, 

PLATINUM, 
DUPLICATE  WEDDING  GIFTS 


ESTATES  BOUGHT 


H.  B.  SMITH  &  CO. 

542  5th  Ave.,  N,  Y.  City 


THE  ATLAS  line  Qf 

fxpTosIves  and  chem- 
icals includes  high 
and  permissible  ex- 
plosives, dynamites, 
blasting  and  sport- 
ing powders,  blasting 
snpplies  of  all  kinds, 
nitric  and  sulphuric 
acids,  mixed  acids, 
sodium  nitrite  and 
ammoniura  xitrate, 
nil  re  cake,  lacquers, 
etc.  Also  produoere 
of  leather  cloth. 


"  It  was  no  trouble  at  all 

to  get  rid  of  the  stumps  by  blasting,"  writes  R.  C.  English, 
Port  Matilda,  Pa.  "I, had  never  used  an  explosive  before 
and  had  never  seen  the  work  done.  But  I  understood  it 
thoroughly  after  looking  at  the  pictures  in  your  book.  It 
is  easy  to  blast  stumps  with 

Mtlas  Farm  Powdei 


THjE   S  AFESt?  EXF»L;<>$ I V EL 


Ihe  Original  Farm  Powder 

It  costs  little  comparea  with  the  cost  of  labor  that  it  replaces. 
You  can  buy  it  from  a  dealer  near  you.  If  you  don't  know 
him,  ask  us.  Mail  the  coupon  for  our  book,  "Better  Farin- 
dng,"  120  pages  illustrated,  shows  how  to  blast  stumps  and 
boulders,  drain  land,  make  bed.s  foi'  trees  and  increase  fertility 
by  using  Atlas  Farm  Powder. 

ATLAS  POWDER  CO.,  Wilmington,  Del. 

Sales  Offices:  AJlentown  (Pa.),  Birmingham  (Ala.),  Boston,  Chicago,  Des  Moines 

(la.),    Houghton    (Mich.),    Joplin    (Mo.),    Kansas    City,    Knoxville,    McAl^ster 

(OWa.),   Memphis,   Nashville,   New   Orleans,   New   York,   Philadelphia,    Pittsburg 

(Kaus.),  Pittsburgh  (Pa.),  Pottsville  (Pa.),  St.  Louis,  Wilkes-Barre, 


ATLAS  POWDER  CO.,  Wilmington.  Del.  - 

Send  me  your  120pa(re  boolc.  "Better  Farming."    I  am  Interested  in  the  use    I 
o{  explosives  for  the  purpose  before  which  I  mark  X:  AWl 

STUMP  BLASTING 


BOULDER  BLASTING 
SUBSOIL  BLASTING 


DITCH  DIGGING 

ROAD  BUILDING 

TREE  PLANTING 


I 
I 
I 


Name- 


,  Addre89_ 


173 


PATENT  possibilities: 


EVERT  INVENTOK         , 

should  have  a  copy  of  my  booklet, "Patenti  and 
Patent  Posslbllltlei."    It  tells  how  to  obtain  a 
patent,   and  ie  full  of  interesting  information 
and  valuable  advice  for  inventors.     A  copy  of 
this  tiooldet  will  be  seut  you  on  request. 
COMPETENT    PATENT    SERVICE 
J\Iy  business  is  conducted  on  a  strictly  profeg- 
sionaJ-basiSi  without    any    deceptive    schemes, 
certificates  or-prize  offers.    Every  case  receives 
my  personal   attention,   and    every    effort    is , 
made  to  make  my  serviice  efficieat  and  satis- 
faot'ory, 

PROMPTNESS 
Undue  haste  is  never  advisable,  but  aureason- 
abla  delays  are  both  aRgravaling  and  danget- 
oua,  If  you  place  your  invention  in  my  hands. 
your  interests  will  not  be  jeopardized  by  months 
of  delays  in  preparinti  and  filing  your  applica- 
tion in  the  Patent  Office. 

COURTESY 

"Do  not  hesitate  to  write  if  you  are  interested 
in  an  invention;    Your  letter    will    receive    a 
prompt    and  courteous  reply,  and  I  shall  be  very 
2lad  to^  give- you  any  desired  information. 
Trade-Mark$   Registered.      I+.   S.    HILl, 
609.  McLachlen  Bldo..  Wa»hlnflton.  0.  C. 


RINGS,  MEDALS.  CUPS.  TROPHIES: 
EMBLEMS  AND  BADGES 

Fop      Schools  itjm  >ink.  v-   ■  v«!ov,,i  ri-A,*  «>«., 

and   .Societies  i«tS/*Tlr^    ^^^^  for  new 

Direct-     from  III  "j'W  I  K^w'  ''ook  —  A  R  T 

Manufacturer    of  \\    (ifllJllJ^ 

BO  years"  eiperi-  X^Vfq^Sr        -A-Mliea       1 0 

ence.      All    work  ^^^i^         -«?  tlx -o  t  liVMfi 

euaranteed.  '^^         ,-E  M  B  l^KMS. 

Designs  &   Eitlmafes  Submitted— Asddress  Box  160 


ENTERTAINMENTS 

Df  A  VC  'DialOBTies.  Recita,tion9.  DrMls, 
r  LA  I O  iSpeakera.  iMonolagueSi    Folk 
'     ■  Dances.     Onerettas.    Musical 

'Pieces.  Pajreants.  Motion  Songs.  Illus- 
ti-ated  SonBs.  Pa-ntomime  Songs,  Shadow 
Plays,  Tableaux,  Pantomimes,  Speciail 
Entertainments  for  all  Holidays.  Min- 
strels. Jokes.  Hand  Books,  Make-Usr 
Goods,  etc..  for  all  agrea  and-  occasionSi 
Larffe  Catalog  Free — every  ^EAOHEB 
sihould  have 
one. 

T.S.Denison&Co. 

Oept.  39.  Chicago 


New  Patriotic 

Plays  and 

ENTERTAINMENTS 

for  War-Time  Beueifits 


THE  QUICKIIST,  CHEAPEST  FORM 
OF  ADVERTISING 

Spfiedsup,  your  sales  with  circular  letters  to  yOUf  Cus- 
tomers, old  and  new.  Bring  new  trade  into  your  store 
A  weekly  or  bi-weekly  bulletin  reproduced  on  the 

Lineograph  Duplicator 


Kives  you  1000  exact  couies  of  your  hand-written  or 
tvnevv'ritten    letter   in   almost    no    time.      Your    stocl 
will  move  twice   as  'East  if  you  use  this   inexpensive 
persuasive  advertising. 

Write    today    for    FREE    CATALOG 
and  full  particulars. 

THE  LINEOGRAPH  CO. 

108: Fulton  Street      NEW  YORK  CITY 


LOVERS'  BUDGET   FREE 


To  get  acduainted  with  you  we  will 
send.  yjBU  our  great  LOVERS'  BUDGET, 
consisting  of  12  Love  Letters.  14  Flirta- 
tion Signals,  7  Fortune  Telling  Secrets, 
10  Funny  Readings,  1  New,  Gypsy  Fortune 
Teller.  13  Flirtation  Cards,  11  Parlor  Pas- 
times,- «50  Joltes  &  Riddles,  73  Toasts,  40  Amusing  Ex- 
periments- in  Magic,  6  Comic  Poetry,  also  bargain  sheets 
of  solid  gold  filled  rings,  for  only  10c  to  help  pav  ad- 
vertising.   The  Auction  Co.,  Dept.  997,    Attleboro,  Mass. 


HAWAIIAN   RING  FREE 

Stone  mottled  in  all  manner 
of  colors  imaginable.  Bits 
of  real  silver  m  stone  malte 
colors  beautiful  in  the  ex- 
treme.      Measures      1      Inch 

„.   %  inch  wide.    We  send  gold 

filled  ring,  warranted  3  years — your  size,  post- 
paid, for  15o  to  help  pay  advertising. 

Auction    Cb.,    Dept.    998,    Attleboro,    Mass^ 


long. 


JJV  At  OJWD^ 


O  IN 

CREOlT 


wniib  rUK  rnfcb  UAiALUb,  Over  *,UuU  Uiustrations  of  Dia.- 
monds.  Watches,  Jewelry,  etc.  Select  a.ny  artlole  desired,  h»¥« 
it  sent  to  you  prepaid.    If  satisfactory;  send  us^  one-fifth  ot  the 

purchase  price  and  keep  itt    balanse    in    eight    eau&l'  montUj 

amounts.     No  Interest  Charged.     No  Security  Required.  -  Write  Today  Kept.  Uf;  A-. 

JAMES  BERGMAN  Sa^is'sr  NEW  ¥OltK, 

174 


Fumed  Oak  Suite 


Send  only  $1.00,  and  we  will  ship  you  this  handsome 
6-piece  Fumed  Solid  Oak  Library  Set.  Only  ?1.00  down,  then  $2.50 
per  month,  or  only  $24.90  in  all.  A  positively  staggering  value,  and  one  of  the 
Biggest  bargains  we  have  ever  offered.  Loolt  at  this  massive  set.  dip  the 
coupon  below  and  have  it  shipped  on  approval.  Then  see  for  yourself  what  a 
beautiful  set  it  is.  If  you  do  not  like  it.  return  it  in  30  days  and  we  virill 
teturu  your  money.  Send  coupoo  mtb  $1.00.  Pieces  not  sold  separatetyt 


A  Room  Full  of  Furniture! 


6  Pieces 


Massive  Arm  Rocker  nitb  tbiebl;  padded  19x19  In.  tt»t. 
36  in.  high  Sewing  Rr    '        '         '  '  '  '  ^ 

mWSn..,86in.  high. 


_ BeBDtifullydeelned, 

36  in.  high  Sewing  Rocker,  to  match  ana  rocket.     Luxuriouel;  oadded,  seat 

17xl7in.,  S6iQ.  hiih.    Stately  Arm  Chair,  very  solid.  Broad  and  comfortable 

ermB.  Ttilckl?  cadded,  19x19  in.  eeat.    S6  in.  bish.    Reception  Chair,  extra  eolld    Tfalclsly 

S added.  17x17  lo.  Eeat,  86  in.  bigb.  Elegant  Library  Table,  eplendid  dasien  Legs  are  cut  frorn 
■Id.  stock.  Top  24x34  in.  Roomy  masazine  shelf .  Jardiniere  Stand,  matches  otbw  pieces.  17  1-2 
(a.  bleh,  'n>9  IZXIZ  IB,  -  Ohaira  opbolstered  In  superb  Brown  Imitation  Spanish  Leather.  All  6  pieces  bnllt  of  eohd  oaK,  fin- 
isbed  in  richest  dull,  waxed,  browo  fumed  oak.  Shipped  JC.  D.  saving  on  freisbt.  Easily  set  uo.  No  experience  oecessaty. 
Weight  abOQt  176  coands.   NO  C«  O*  D.-IIO  discoant  f  or  cash.   Order  by  No.  BS186A,   Price  $24.90. 

__   you  want  any* 

thine  in  Men's,  Worn* 
en's  and  Children's  vrearlB?  apparel,  stoves,  porch  and 
lawn  lurniture,  or  any  article  of  home-fuiniahmg,  do  not 
fail  to  tret  our  Big  Fre«  Catalog  showing  thonsands  of 


Easy  Payments  fL 


~  Straus  &  Schram,  Dept.3401  chi»l?.  Vc 


staRgerins  home  furnlshlne  EacKaTna  on  very  easy  monthly 
papmenta.  One  price  to  all.  No  discount  lor  cash  — no 
extra  price  for  credit.  Positively  oo  diBWttUt  trom  these 
advectlBei)  Dtiees  sod  no  C<  Oa  0« 

Send  the  Coupon! 

alone  with  81.00  to  tia  today.  Mo  C.  O.O,  Get  this  remsrfc- 
able  offer  while  It  lasts.  Have  this  suite  shipped— take  about  a 
year  to  pay.  And  wewlll  send  you  at  aame  time  our  big  cata- 
log and  special  bargain  bulletin.  Prices  never  approached. 
before.  Don't  wait.  Seed  the  coupon  today— do  it  right  now. 


Enclosed  find  $1.00.  Ship  special  advertised  6-Plece  Fumed 
Onk  Library  Suite.  I  am  to  have  30  days'  free  trial.  If  I  keep 
the  suite  I  vrill  pay  yoo  $2.60  monthly.  If  not  satisfied,  1  »ta 
to  return  the  suite  within  SOdayaaod  yea  are  terefuodnw 
money  and  any  freight  charges  I  paid. 


□  6-Piece  Library  Set,  No.  B5186A. 

Nattii 

Addrest 


$24.90. 


Post  OMce State , 

It  you  ONLY  want  citalos.  out  X  fn  box  below 


Straus  fi  Tehran),  Dept340l  *CMM»^J^1"      DCreuS«paralbrs    DFoniibireaiJSioTei'  DJe«% 
p  M^StW«B«'s4«il  ChiWrea-*  CktUns    O  PifilS   D  S^« 


175 


PPANEStHOSEBllSMES 


i-he  Wonder  of  the  Worid 

Jaoancs?  Rose  Bushes  btoom  all  th«  y^ar  round.    Just 

iliink  of  )t      Six  K'reks  iUtt  plAHtme  thf  %tr6.  the  plants  w)U 

be  -n  full  bloom.     1»  m^y  not  seem  possible,  bur  we  pes)- 

lively  Kuaranteo  It  to  bo  SO.    They  will  bloom  ovary 

ton  weoko.  Summer  or  Winter,  and  -hto  three  years  o!d  the 

'  bush  ^ill  be  »  maott  of  reooOt'bearing  Irom  five  hundred  lo 

»^^p-^»j    ^  titousand  mses  on  each  hush      The  flowers  are  in  three  shades 

tjOW  \9    — *hn«-  p(i>k.  andcnmsbn-    The  plants  ^-ill  do  well  both m  and 

"'Mi  (^iicrv     Wc  gunr^ntee  ^t  least  *hrce  bushes  to  f  row  from  each 

packet  ol  i'^ri      Pric;    ZOc  packet.  3  P^is    lor  25c  postpaid- 

ChlniSe  Fragrant  Tree  Fern     Weather  Plant 

NATtinC'5  WtATMCn  PtfPMtf 

By  mysterious  changes  ihat  tak* 

place. I'  ■       .--.-.--. 

■   rately 


Just  InlrodQC**].  noted  fei 
lU  CMiid  ffrnwth  An  ex- 
crRtionally  pretty  ornft- 
(ncnialr'ant.  Folikgstsrich 
dsri  g-rcett.      Forms  grand 

Evr&midal  bushes  about 
'eel  high  Rranches  verj 
flfsiroblo  for  ilecoralivB 
p.]FT>oai**,  wroslhs  o'c 
•••d«  15c  BkU  ?  for  40c. 


_  reirtju-ksblepUniftcco- 
fort-csets  the  weschct 
many  hours  In  advance  UlU 
grow  anywhere  all  the  fear 
around.  An  IntereatlriR  house 
pisnt-      Bears   large,    fragranl. 

pink,  bmterfly  shape  flwwera. 

ftaads.  15<)  paekol.  3  tor  40a.  coatpaltf 


GROUND  ALMONDS 

Amiiingly  Prol if io— Easily  Grown  From  Se^d 

The  GrouD'l  Almonrl  has  a  flavdr  that  is  MOST 
EXCEl  LENT  TesembJins  the  co<*o.-inut.  The 
meat  lB«aon  white,  covered  mth  a  ehp)}  ornkin 
/if  brown  color  It  grows  close  to  the  surface 
Aod  Bi>]rtbiDR  from  200  to  300  A.lmond9  Tiia>~be 
cacccted  from  a  smgle  nut  There  is  no  troubla  whatever 
\n  growing  answliereaod  in  any  kind  or  soil  May  be  planted 
mar  time,  and  m  »ight -^r  t^n  u->^k<  from  time  of  planlina 
jou  will  baee  Pn  EKORMOUS  CROP  of  ihc  WOST  DEI.I- 
clous  Al.AlONI/3  YOU  EVER  TASTED    S««da  IS«  Pkt. 


Perfume 
Plant 


at 

T  nigbt, giving  CorLh 
ths  n»»i  dcliirht^ 
ful  •ernled  Ct»- 
tfrain«  (or  Q»ile 
adisi^nca.  Cbkscs 
jnacb  comroert  For  house  or  gardi  n 
Atao  Tatoabl*  b-c^-'se  of  rare  p^t'-tc 
made  from  »    rE-.r.-.    i(lc  >kt..  3lo»  25c 


Oalabash  or  Hp«  6ounfs 


A  loxorlantana  raold 
growing   climbci 

thrieesany- 
wh  ei  e 
Produces 


o  ourtlo 
from 


SENSITIVE 
PLANT 

Marvel  of  Lhc  Philip- 
pinei.  Leaves  curl. 
fronds  droop  wliea 
touched.  Apparenit/ 
resents  fDirdcrcncc 
A  handsome  shrub  lor  hotise  or 
pardrn;  very  curtous  and  inleresu 
inu    Seed*.  15c  pkt.,3for40c 

Japanesa  Nest  Egg  Gouid 


aama     aiio, 

shape   aau 

color  of  n  e  ■  t 

eggs.  Matured 

fruit  does  not 

L-rack      Will 

•erveforyear* 

Ofl  a  ni'Bt«ga. 

stocking  dara> 

,  er.    oiTiainei^ 

■  tai  purpo»«& 

•  eic- 

8««d>  1S«  pkL,  3  ekti.  for  40& 


eatabash pipe*  oro  mtde.  Grow  1*^)9  >i 
tcr^stinffvinaandmakcrnurowi  9s«J* 
witb  loatrpcuone,  I9c  pht.,  3.fa^  40e. 

IVIammoth  Peanuts 

PeaDutB  caa^be  easMT  ottlttvafed  Tbelr  culture  la 
rerretmple  and  exo^tlliicb  interesling.  Mammot^;^ 
Pe^DUts  grow  trjan  ojt'^nlshinB  B,ze  It  tea  eood  pro- 
ducer, very  prolific,  ond  tbeplantnotaLbave  a  t.hick, 
hearilf  ribbed  protsriiD?  Bhell  The  plant  ib  very 
attractive  the  lenres  beipg  of  odd  ehane  and 
a  handsome    erpeo    ehade,  tinted    through   the 

centar  wltb  white  V"U  w.'l  (-Tt^e  rourh  plPLsure  cultivatm« 
tbia  tDt«rttatlnB  BDaci>«».     *«*4*>I6«    phi-    3    okl3.    tor    40e. 

Srhoo  Fly  Plant 

Aver;  re-mft-rkable 

Botaaical  cujloaitT 
1  ynu  abould  hnve 
iThouch  quite  odor- 
1CB9.  ulP9  will  Dot  re- 
in sin  Id  a  "room 
,_  wh^r©  it  is  groTTii. 
Beare  «ei7  pretty  ik  I  o  e  «  o  m  e  ; 
blooms  0nin.in or  and  tvister. 
Grows  ropiv-ly  tro^j-e^Hgl 
ecus  ts«  pftokaL  3  tor  40e,  pQStpald. 


GigdTti 


Japanese  Climbing  Cucumber 

U  n  u  s  u  a  11? 
atruiis  anij  vis- 
eroua  crowins 
vine  Attairu 
twice  the  size 
of  ordinary  va- 
rirlica.  Groves 
readily-  on 
fences  poles. 
trellisfS,  etc. 
One  h  til  will 
Veep  an  entlre- 
fomilyaupplied 

all  »»mhio» 

lOc  3  pkt*.  tor  ZSa 


_„_...iCcJre3  Butter  Bean^ 

'Tho  New  Edible  Vegetable  Wonder 

Growilto  ei  aslonishi/iff  Biae.  tho  beans  measunna 
from  8  ta  6(cetlcTic.  end  weiEhing-  anylhlne  from 
10  to  10  lb*,  ondfvi-n  more  One  Bean  is  Bufficient 
(or  a  family  for  several  meala.  Varv  palaUble  and. 
rich  lo  nutritio^lB  material*.  The  delicate  Buttery 
Flavor  is  much  appreciated  The  Vines  are  easily 
erowo,  very  prolihc,  andamoet  welcD^o  end  val- 
luabte  odjunci  to  your  garden.  Try  ihem;  you  wiU 
;firid  them  toe  moil  doilcloua  vegaiabl*  you  n»ve 
.•vaj  tasted.  Imported  direct-  Unobtainable  elBe- 
Pwhcre.  Sampto  pacUago  of  Si»edfl  with  fulldlree- 
tiotu  (or  cultivating  and  cookjnf,      25c.  pD»tpal« 


A  Few  Oth^r  Seed  Novellles  You  Should  Cultivate— 1 0o  PkL 


Japaneac     Kudzu      Vine 
(Jack  urid  Beanstalk) 

Chinese  Balloon  Hower 

Porplo  feather  GnisBi Or 
oametitall         ^___ 

fUniom  Fcraa  tsrwo 
from  seed!  . 

Brd  of  Parmdbe  Flower 


Japanei*  Hop  Vina 
Casio    Oil  PlaM 
Ornamental  CottOD 
Job' a  Tcare  \GteateiDi 

oaliy) 
Cotheantl  Bell* 
•■Tiger  "    Flow** 
Snalie  focumber 


tlrnerald  Ule  Kale 
Famous  PtaaiooFloweiVill* 
Fuchsia*        _ 
OrnamenUl  Gourds 
Bouquet,  or  Bed  Cluatot. 

SalSty?  or  Oy»ter  Plant 
White  Velvet  Okr* 


Nino's  Plants  FtowerFood  |,';rA^!''r°,3!5?Jf;''ni5SS5ri;"oo'SraS 

JOHNSOK  SMITH   *   CO..    Dent.    WA. 

34   West  Lake   Street  CHICAGO 


WILLIS 


No  matter  how  little,  may  be  the 
value  -  of  your  real  or  persona.! 
property,  it  is  absolutely  necessary 
to  make  a  Will,  in  order  to  avoid 
considerable  expenses  and  hardship 
to  your  family.  My  fees  for  an  or- 
dinary Will  are  negligible,  and  there 
is  no  excuse  for  neglect  or  delay  in 
having-  jTour  Will  carefully  drawn 
by  an  experienced  Attorney'. 

DAVID    LANGAH 

Lawyer  and  Notary 

1213  Franklin  Ave.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 


The  Old  and  Reliable 

Dr.  IssAC  Thompsons 

EYE  WATER 


strengthens  weak,  iuflamed  eyes,  and 
is  an  ideal  eje  wasli.  Qood  since 
1795..  Keep  your  eyes  w«n  and  they 
will   help  keep  you. 

At  All  Dru^ists  or.,  sent  by. 

Mail  Upoii  Receipt  *t"  Price 
Writfr  for  our  Booklet. 


35c 

or  our  Booklet.   It  it  FREE 

Jolint.ThompsoitSons&C6; 


157  RIVER  ST;.  TRttY,  N. 


You  Neec*  s 

^   :       In  Ypup  Business ;-     i 


Transfer,  Name  Plates, 
Trade  .Marks,  Ornaments, 
etc.  printed  by  "Globe" 
Process  cau  be  auickly  and 
permanently  applied  on 
Macliln«ry,  AutomobiJes,. 
Wagons.  Sporting  Goods, 
Furniture,  Musical  Instru- 
ments,    ete. 

Send   copy    for    quotations. 
Prompt  deliveries.  ■  __ 

GUOBE    DECALCOMANIE    00...     .       .^ 
70    MontBomcry   St..    Jersey    City,    W^_J;____ 


C«}cuWin{  K&chlne  Gsmpvy 

New.Yori( 

'  Small  Tool  Dept.  '^1 
HARTFORD.  CONN. 

U.3.Ai 


-17fi 


COMBINATION  TELEGRAPH  PRACTICE  SE. 

For  Learning  Telegraph  Codes 

This  Practice  Set  consists  of  a  regular 
itelegraph  key  without  circuit  breaker,  a 
special  high  pitch  buzzer,  miniature  lamp 
socket,  lamp,  \three  binding  posts,  switch 
for  transferrjfig  current  from  lamp  to 
'buzzer,  all  moXinted  on  a  polished  hard- 
wood base,  and  one  RliTD  SEAL  Dry  Bat- 
tery with  four  feet  of  green  silk  covered 
flexible  cord. 

This  outfit  will  enable  stxidents  to  be- 
come proficient  operators  in  either  visual 
or  audible  signals,  as  it  is  equipped  with 
a  buzzer  and  miniature   lamp   enabling 
the  user  to  master  both. 
A  switch  swings  into  circuit  either  the  lamp  or  the  buzzer. 
The  sound  emitted  by  the  buzzer  simulates  the  tone  of  the  signals  of  the  most 
modern  wireless  'stations  perfectly. 
List  No.  52  Practice  Set  with   Rert  Seal  Battery  ana  Corrt $4.05 


MESCO  ELECTRIC  HOUSEHOLD  IRONS 

For  Direet  or  Alternating  Cnrrentv 

The  iron  and  stand  are  fully  nickel- 
plated  and  highly  polished.  Has  separable 
contacts  a.t  the  iron  composed  of  non- 
breakable,  fireproof  material.  Supplied 
with  6  ft.  of  Cord  with  Mesco  Separable 
Attachment  Plug,  which  can  tbe  connected 
to  any  ordinary  lamp  socket.  Cords  ara 
protected  at  points  of  contact  from  abra- 
sion or  acoidental  breakage  by  a  spiral 
armor  which  aUso  keeps  them  at  a  proper 
distance  from  the  iron. 

GUARANTEE.— We   will    replace   within 
one  year- from  date  of  purchase  any  burned 
out  or  broken  parts  w^ich  may  be  due  to 
mechanical  or  electrical  defects. 
'Made  in  five  sizes  and  two  voltages. 

3  lb.,  ?5.00;  4  lb.,  $6.00;  5  lb.,  $6.00;  6  lb.,  $6.00;  8  lb. 

When  ordering  specify  if  for  110  or  220  volts. 

HOME  MEDICAL  APPARATUS 

The  Home  Medical  Apparatus,  illustrated,  shows 
case  open,  with  upper  compartment,  contadning:  Two 
four-foot  Conducting  Cords  with  tips,  two  Cylinder 
Hand  Electrodes,  two  Insulating  Handles,  for  use  with 
either  Hand  or  Sponge  Electrodes,  two  Sponge  Elec- 
trodes and  one  Foot  Plate  Electrode, 

The  complete!  battery  is  contained  in  an  elegant, 
highly  polished  oak  or  mahogany  case,  having  a 
strong,  metal,  nickel-plated  handle.  The  dimensions 
of  the  case  are  8?4x5%x4i^  inches,  and  its  weight, 
complete  with  cell  and  electrodes,  is  about  5V^  pounds, 
I^st  No.  2204  Home  Medical  Apparatus,  $7.20. 

Send  for  New  Edition  of  Our  Catalog  A29 

It  is  pocket  eize,  8x4%  In.,  contains  254  pages,  wath,  over  1,200  mustraUojis,  desaablng  in  lOftin, 
clear  language  all  about  Bells.  Push  Buttons.  Batteries.  Telepbone  a"<l  Telegraph  Material.  EU^tiic 
Toys  Burglar  and  Fire  Alarm  Contrivances.  Electric  Call  Bells.  Electiic  Alarm  CI01..K8.  Meaicai 
Batteries.  Electrically  Heated  Apparatus.  Battery  Connectors,  Switches,  Battery  Gauges.  'Wireless 
Telegraph  Instruments.  Ignition  Supplies,  etc. 

MANHATTAN  ELECTRICAL  SUPPLY  CO.,  Inc. 

NEW  YORK  CITY,  17  Park  Place.  BRANCHES:  110  W.  42d  St.,  127  W.  I25fh  St. 
CHICAGO,  114  So.  Weill  St. ^     ST.  LOUIS,   1106   Pine  St.       SAN    FRANCISCO,   604   Mission  St. 
FACTORIES:  Jersey  City,  N.  I.,  St.  Louis,  Mo„    Ravenna,   0. 

177 


YOU  Cannot  ae  W'tfjpulOnff 

T«E   INKLE SS  WAR  PEN  T5<^ 


I9  the  only  pen  that  carries  Its  own 
ink  supply  always  with,  it  If  you 
have  an  American  Inkless  Pen,  you 
can  write— always,  anywhere.  Just 
the  article  for  Our  Boys  Over  There. 
It  is  ideal  for  business  or  profes- 
sional people.  Order  one  or  more  of 
these  wonderful  pens  for  your  own 
use  and  for  those  dear  to  you  in  the 
service.  If  it  does  not  please  you 
we  will  refund  your  money  within 
ten  days'  time.  Ask  for  descriptive 
matter  of  great  interest,  or  better 
still,  send  75c  today  for  one  of 
these  pens. 

Weller  Service 

Dept.  F.        BINGHAMTON,  N.  Y. 


A  GUIDE 

Present  conditions  deonand  a 
precise  and  clear  understanding 
of  the  various  factors  affecting 
security  prices  and  values.  Our 
Weekly  Market  Letter  acts  as  a 
guide  to  those  interested  in 
listed  and  outside  securities. 
This  week's  issue  features  Gas- 
ton, Williams  &  Wigmore.  Ask 
for  A-1919,  free  on  request. 

HARVEYA.WILLIS.A  CO. 

{established  /so/) 

M€MBfRS  CONS    STOCK   EXCHANGE  N.Y 
Phones  BROAD  127-8^9  147-8  9 

3S  BROADWAY  NEWVaRK 


Blacky  Galvanized,  Plain  and 
Corrugated  Steel  Sheets 

Prompt  Shipments  from  Stock 
Anchor  Corrugating  Construction  Co. 

142  Washington  Street,  near  Cedar,  New  York 


WANTED— STORIES,  ARTICLES,  POEMS 

for  new  magazine.     We  pay  on  acceptance.     Hand- 
written manuscripts  acceptable.     Send  manuscripts  to 
Woman's  National  Magazine,  Desk  512,  Washington,  D.  C. 


BpoKpn  Destroying 


New  book  hy  Prof.  Hayes,  A.  M.,  M.   D.,    late   of  Woman's   Medical   College, 
Chicago  College  of  Pharmacy,  etc.    Tells  cause  and  cure  of  superfluous  hair  and 
facial  d'isfig\u'enients.    Nonrtochnlcal.    Send  4  stamps  for  descriptive  matter. 
Dept.  L-19,  RIVERSIDE  PUBLISHING  CO.,  Riverside,  R.  I. 

178 


DRESSMAKING 


LEARN  AT  HOME 
NEW,  EASY  METHOD 


B 


Y  a  new,  wonderfully  simple  and  prac- 
tical easy-lesson  method,  you  can  now 
learn  right  at  home  in  spare  time  to  make 
all  your  own  and  your  children's  clothes. 
You  can  save  half  or  more  of  what  you  are 
now  spending  or  you  can  have  twice,  yes, 
three  times,  as  many  garments  for  what 
your  clothes  now  cost  you. 

Or  you  can  prepare  yourself  to  take  Uff 
dressmaking  as  a  profession.  The  demand 
for  dressmakers  is  greater  than  the  supply. 
Hundreds  are  making  $25  to  $40  a  week. 


This  new  opportunity  is  made  possible 
through  the  home-study  Courses  in  Sewing, 
Dressmaking  and  Tailoring  offered  by  the 


WOMAN'S  INSTITUTE 

OF  DOMESTIC  ARTS  ^  SCIENCES  INC 


Read   What 
Students   Say 

I  am  so  proud  ot  ihe 
dresses  I  have  made.  My 
clothing  bills  are  less  than 
half  what  they  were  be- 
fore. Mrs.  James  Walton, 
Pocatello,  Idaho. 

The  clothes  I.have  made 

have  an  individuality  that 

you  do  not    get   from   a 

ready-made  garment. 

Mrs.  J.  MacLean, 

Providence,  R.  I. 

Have  made  tour  hats 
from  old  materials  and  like 
them  better  than  any  I 
have  ever  had  and  have 
always  paid  $8  to  $20  for 
my  hats.  Have  never  be- 
fore made  or  trimmed  a 
hat.  Mrs.  E.  A.  Tombler, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

1  have,  with  knowledge 
already  gained  and  past  ex- 
perience, made,  trimmed 
and  sold  hundreds  of  dol- 
lars' worth  of  hats  to  satis- 
fied customers. 

Miss  Beulah  Johnson, 
Coats,  N.  C. 


Send  For  This 
Free  Book 

"Dressmaking 
Made  Easy,"  a 
handsome  64-page 
illustrated  book, 
tells  the  whole 
story  of  the  Wom- 
an's Institute  and 
its  Courses.  It  is 
free.  Send  this 
coupon,  or  a  postal 
orletter  right  now. 
Be  sure  to  state 
whether  you  are 
interested  in  home 
or  professional 
dressmaking  or 
millinery. 

rs  Institute  of  Domestic  Arts  &  Sciences,  Inc. 
DepL  7019,  Scranton,  Pa. 

179 


You  learn  by  simple,  fascinating  methods  how  to  draft  perfect 
fitting  patterns  from  your  own  or  any  other  woman's  measar&L, 
ments;  how  to  use  tissue  paper  patterns;  how  to  plan  and  make 
garments  of  every  kind— waists,  skirts,  dresses,  suits,  coats, 
lingerie,  children's  and  infants'  clothes;  how  to  buy  and  use 
materials;  how  to  renovate  and  remodel;  how  to  copy  dresses 
and  suits  you  see  on  the  street,  in  the  shops  or  pictured  in  fash- 
ion magazines',  how  to  do  all  kinds  of  embroidery  and  fancy 
work;  how  to  dress  in  style  and  taste;  how  to  go  into  business  as 
a  dressmaker.  You  study  at  home  in  spare  time  and  apply  each 
lesson  immediately  in  making  your  own  clothes.  You  have  the 
personal  help  by  mail  of  expert  teachers  with  years  of  expe- 
rience as  successful  practical  dressmakers. 


/ 


,, Learn  Millinery 

The  Woman's  Institute  also  offers,  a 
complete  course  in  Millinery  that  will 
qualify  you  to  make  all  your  own  hats, 
teach  millinery  or  open  a  shop.  If  more 
interested  in  this,  check  "Millinery"  in 
the  coupon  below  and  we  will  send  a 
handsome  book,  "Millinery  Made  Easy." 

PwOMAN'S   INSTITUTE,  Inc.      ■ 
I  Dept.  7019,  Scranton,  Pa. 

I   Please  send  me  full  information  about  your  course 
I  in  the  subject  I  have  marked  below. 
I  Q  Home  Dressmalcing       Q  Millinery 

I  Q  Profesalonal  Dressmaking 


Name_ 


Spccifr  vfhetlicr  Mrs.  or  Hist 


J- 


Address. 


.J 


.iiigcrPrinl 

Deleellves  Wanted 


MEN  are  wanted  by  the  government, 
polioe  departments,  corporations, 
banks,  institutions  and  individuals 
— these  men  must  be  trained  Finger 
Print  Men — men  who  have  made  this 
work  a  profession. 

Big  Salaries 

and  big  rewards  so  to  these  erpeits  tiecause  they 
6o;ve  mysteries  tihat  'baffle  lie  most  esperienced 
ordiuarv  detectives.  The  finger  uriat  clew  is  one 
thi'.t  oanuot  fail  beciufe  no  two  i>eople  in  the 
ivhcle  world  analie  the  eanie  mark. 

You  Can  Succeed 

in  maBteriiig  tbis  faacinatinj,  big  money-making 
Drofesbkon  by  studying  m  vour  spare  time  at  home. 
Common  school  education  is  all  you  need.  .A 
■brilliant  oaieer  is  before  yon;.  Finder  ,.Pnnt 
Bxperte  travel  every^'here.  see  tlie  country,  live  in 
the  best  hotete  and  have  all  expenses  paifl.  There 
is  a  ciyiDg  need  for  such  men  nglit  now.  This 
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Telle  you  all  about  finger  pi-ints — the  tis  opportn- 
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to  kuoiv  about  it.     Send  the  coui)on  now. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  APPIilBD  SCIENGE' 

Desk  553,  1772  Wilson  Ave.,  Chicago 

Plea.sc  send  me  Fi6»  Book  on  Finger  Prints, 
and  full  information  about  your  cou.-oe  of  etudy, , , 

Name  ,«. < 

Address   •• 

I  Age, »tt»t  Occupation .,..•••«•' 


The  Old  Reliable 


MAJOR'S     CEMENT 

STICKS    EVERYTHING 

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MAJOR'S    RUBBER   CEMENT 
For  repairing   rubber   goods,    to   patch  vehicle   tops, 
umbrellas,    water   bags.    &c.     Price   15c  per   bottle. 
At  all  dealers  or  by  mail. 

MAJOR     MF6.    CO..    461     Pwrl  Strwt,    N.   Y.   C. 

Established     1876 


//i     A  Real 
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DIRIGIBLE 
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Actually  the  BIGGEST  SENSATION 
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Complete  Model  of  Dirigtble  Airship 
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WILL   AMAZE   YOU. 

Parcel  Post>  50  Cents, 

with  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  other 
flying  toys. 

THE  AERO  CO. 

DEPT.   7,  BINGHAMTON,   N.  Y. 


180 


General  Builder*'  Course 
Plau  Beading.  Estimat- 
ing. Coustinction.  Ar'^'i'r 
teciure.  etc.,  are  taugW. 
in  every  detail  for  men  m 
the    building    mUusuies. 

Plan  Reading  lor  Builders 

Htnv  to  read  Blue  Print 
pUus  for  every  kmd  of 
building  construction;  liow 
to  lay  out  work:  how  to 
know  just  wliat  the  arclu- 
tcct  means,  etc. 
Plan   Reading  for  Shop  Men 

How  to  read  Blue  Pi'int 
drawings  of  machinery, 
foundry  work,  sheet  metal 
work,  mimitions.  tools, 
aeroplanes,  structural  steel. 
cars,  etc.,  etc, 

FREE  LESSONS 

Test  lesson  in  either  of 
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sent  free.  Mark  the  coupon 
to  show  whiclv  you  want. 


'Send  for  this  free  lesson  M^hich  explains  the 
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fmanship  by  mail.     Positions  at  big  salaries  are 
fnow  waiting  for  competent  men.     The  call  of 
jmen  to  the  war  lias  left  vacancies  everjMvhere. 
jEven  draftsmen  of  limited  training  are  snapped 
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shortest  time.     This   free  lesson   will  .show  you 
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required  in  the  drafting  rooms  of  big  concerns. 

$25  to  $100  a  Week 

Draftsmen  earn  good  salaries  in  normal  times.  They  command  extra 
high  salaries  now — and  the  tremendous  work  to  be  done  after  the  war 
will  bring  a  permanent  and  intensive  demand  for  good  men.  Make  ycui 
spare  time  count  now  for  a  liigher  salary  and  a  better  position. 

Easy  PaymentsThe  fees  for 

"Tech"  Courses  are  very  moderate — and 
you  can  pay  on  easy  terms.  And  also — 
you  obtain  in  a  few  months  what  it 
would  take  several  years  to  acquire  by 
ordinary   methods. 

Free  Instruments  „?denVof 

Ihe  Chicago  "Tech"  Home  .Study  Course 
in  Draftsmanship  receives  this  set  of  in- 
struments, or  a  cash  credit  in  case  he 
already  has  ^  set. 


Send  the  Coupon 

The  coupon  will  TDring  the  Test 
Lesson  and  information  free.  Other 
institutions  ask  you  to  pay  iirst— 
and  then  to  find  out  later  how  well 
qualified  you  are  for  thi.?  profes- 
sion. We  send  the  .free  lesson  fnst 
and  place  you  under  no  obliga'tion 
at  all.  Mark  with  X  the  branch 
you  are  'hiterested  in — Oi*  if  in 
jdoutot  about  which  course  to  take, 
write  a  letter  asking  our  advice.  > 
Mail  either  the  coupon  or  the  letter  ,- 
tpday.  '  .' ' 


CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE, 
241    Chicago    "Tech"    Building,    Chicago 

Without  (Alligation  to  me,  please  8.?nd  me  j-our  FRE£' 
Test  Lesson  and  other  interesting  literature  covering  the 
subject  indicated  below.  . 

Mark  X  opposite  work  ia  which  you  are  specially 
interested. 

[]  Architectural  Drafting        []  Plan  Reading— Builders 
[]  Machine  Drafting  []  Plan  Reading— Shop  Men 

[]  Electrical  Drafting  Ul   Estimating 

[]  Structural,  Drafting  []  Surveying 

[]  Sheet  Met^l  Drafting  t]  Map  Drafting 

L  ]  Builders'  Course  £  ]  Reinforced  Concrete 

Xame  .- • 

Address  

City  Statj  

College  or  Home  Study'/    State  which •  ■ -^^ 

181 


%^i!f^ir  CAMERA  BARGAIN  $5.48 

This  astoundlnff  low  price  to  introduce  our  g-reat  busiuess 
metliocls  to  the  readers  of  this  almanac.  The  camera  takes 
2yix3'/.i    pictures;    fitted    selected  'Meniscus    Achromatic    Lena. 

WE  ARE  DIRECT  EASTMAN  REPRESENTATIVES 

Our  list  of  stock  is  tremendous.  Everything  sold  on  a  len 
day   I'ree  tilal.      Your  Momey  IJacli  ir  Not  Satisfied.      Get   oui 

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you  money.    Write  for  it  TO-DAY.  We  mail  it  FREE. 

BASS  CAMERA  COMPANY 

109  W.  Dearborn  St.   North,  Chicago,  U.  S.  A. 


ELECTRICAL 


men  with  training  are  alwaj's  in  demand.  Hav- 
ing' trained  over  2,000  young  men  in  the  past  25 
yeans  in  the  fundamentals  of  Applied  Electricity, 

The   Bliss   Electrical   School,  •with  its  well-equipped  shops  and  laboratories,   is 

peculiarly  qualified  to  sive  a  condensed  course  in  Electrical 


ENGINEERING 


including  Mathematics,  Steam  and  Ga.s  Engines,  Mechanical 
Drawing,  Shop  Work,  and  Theoretical  and  Practical  Electricity 
in  all  branches.    Course,  with  diploma,  complete 


IN  ONE  YEAR 


26th  Class,  January  15th  to  September  17th,  1919.    27th  Year  Opens  Oct.  1st,  1913. 

P'or  practical  yotuig  men  with  limited  time.     Catalogiie  on  request. 

THE    BLISS   ELECTRICAL   SCHOOL,  300   Takoma   Ave.,   WASHINGTON,    D.   C. 


!!Ew  MONITOR 


Agents  Wanted 

Send  for  Free  Outfit  Offer 


HEATING  IRON 

$30  to  $50  a  M'eck  actually  being  made  now  by 
men  and  women.  The  original — the  best — the 
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territory.  Work  all  or  spare  time.  Mrs.  Nixon, 
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dozen  one  Saturday.  Liberal  terms.  Prompt 
service.     Write  today. 

THE  MONITOR  SAD  IRON  COMPANY 
102  Wayne  Street.  Big,  Prairie,  Ohio 


INTERLOX  MASTER  SLIDE  RUIJIS-TWO  RULES  IN  ONE 

Only  BUL'E  IN  THE  WORLD  whereby  inside  measurements  of  iloora  and  window,?,  etc.,  can  be 
taiten  rapidly  and  accuratetv.  Siiperior  to  any  otliev  xnile  for  outside  measm-ements  of  walls,  ceilings, 
etc.,  extended  and  cloied  iiistautly,  prerenU  measuring  errois,  Indisoensable  for  Blechanics, 
Builders  and  Architects.  Farmers  or  seneral  household  use— Try  One  To-Day !  Don't 
Wait.     Write  for  circular  prices.     I.ai-ge  profits  to  agents. 

.  MASTER    RULE    MFG.    CO.,    Inc. 

^ /   841    East    136th   Street,  N.    Y.   City 

Kxtreme     triiL__:l-— — r^-  ''  '^^i-4  iU  .  .iia'.  n^'y — i.      ...i  « Extreme 

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each.     Write   todav.     COLUMBIA    NOV- 
ELTY CO.,  Oept.  109,  East  Boston,  Mass. 

182 


0OiARNED 


Careful,   conscientious  train- 
ing by  membei's  of  our  Faculty  made 
this     possible.     Today,     commercial    illustrators 


with    thorougUy   developed   ability— both   men   and   women— 

Earn$35,$50,$75aWeek&More 

The  present  splendid  opportunities  in  this  field  have  never 
been  excelled.  Thousands  of  advertisers,  periodicals,  pub- 
lishers and  others  buy  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of  de- 
signs and  illustrations  every  year.  If  you  like  to  draw, 
develop  your  taient  into  a  high-salaried  ability.  The  Federal 
Course  is  a  Proven  Result-Getter.  The  work  is  fascinating, 
easy  to  leara  and  to  apply. 

The  Federal  Advisory  Council 

includes  such  nationally  known  illustrators  and  designers  as 
CHARLES  E.  CHAMBERS,  Magazine  and  StoiT  Illustrator; 
FRANKLIN  BOOTH,  "Painter  with  the  Pen;'  HAROLD 
GROSS,  Designer  for  the  Gorham  Co.;  EDW.  V.  BREWER, 
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Story  fori 


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137 


I    Write  for  1919  Catalog 


,ow  I  Raised  My  Earnings 
From  $30  to  $1000  a  Week 


The  Story  of  a  Young  Man's  Re- 
markable Rise  as  Told  by  Himself 


THREE  YEARS  AGO  I  was 
earning  $30  pel' week.  With 
a  wife  and  two  children  to  sup- 
port it  was  a  constant  struggle 
to  make  both  ends  meet.  We 
saved  very  little,  and  that  only 
by  sacrificing  things  we  really 
reeded.  To-day  my  earnings 
average  a  thousand  dollars 
■weekl3^  T  own  two  automobiles. 
My  children  go  to  private 
schools.  T  have  just  purchased, 
for  cash,  a  $26,000  home.  I  go 
hunting,  fishing,  motoring,  trav- 
eling, whenever  I  care  to,  and  1 
do  less  work  than  ever  before. 

What  I  have  done,  anyone  can  do — 
for  I  am  only  an  average  man.  T 
have  never  gone  'to  college,  my  edu- 
cation is  limited,  find  I  am  not  "briN 
liant"  by  any  means.  I  personally 
know  at  least  a'  hundred  men  who 
are  better  bus'ihess  men  than  I,  who 
are  better  educated,  who  are  better 
informed  on  hundreds  of  subjects,  and 
who  have  much  better  ideas  than  I 
ever  had.  Tet  not  one  of  them  ap- 
proaches my  earnings.  I  mention  tihis 
merely  to  show  that  earning  capacity 
is  not  governed  by  the  extent  of  a 
jnan's  education  and  to(  convince  my 
readers  that  there  is  only  one  reason 
for  my  isuccess— a  reason  I  will  give 
herein. 


One  day,  a  few  years  ago,  I 
began  to  "take  stock"  of  myself. 
I  found  that,  like  most  other 
men,  I  had  energy,  ambition,  de- 
termination. Yet,  in  spite  of 
these  assets,  for  some  reason  or 
other  I  drifted  along  without 
getting  anywhere.  My  lack  of 
education  bothered  me,  and  I  had 
thought  seriously  of  making  fur- 
ther sacrifices  in  order  to  bet- 
ter equip  myself  to  earn  more. 
Then  I  read  somewhere  that  but 
few  millionaires  ever  went  to 
college,  Edison,  Rockefeller, 
Hill,  SchAvab,  Carnegie — not  one 
of  tliem  had  any  more  scliooling 
than  I  had. 

One  day  something  happened  that 
woke  me  up  to  what  was  wrong  with 
me.  It  M'as  necessary  for  me  to  make 
a  decision  on  a  matter  which  was  of 
little  consequenee.  I  knew  in  my 
heart  what  was  the  right  thing  to  do, 
but  something  held  me  back.  I  said 
one  thing,  then  another.  I  couldn't 
for  the  life  of  me  make  the  decision 
I  knew  was  right. 

I  lay  awake  most  of  the  niglit 
thinking  about  the  matter— not  be- 
cause it  was  of  any  great  importance 
in  itself,  but  because  I  was  beginning 
to  discover  myself.  Along  towards 
dawn  I  resolved  to  try  an  experiment, 
I  decided  to  cultivate  my  will  power, 
believing  that  if  I  did  this  1  would 
not  hesitate  about  maldng  clecisloM 


188 


— tliat  -when  I  bad  an  idea  I  -would 
ihave  sufficient  confidence  in  myself 
to  put  it  "over"— that  I  would  not  be 
"afraid"  of  myself  or  of  tilings  or  of 
others. 

With  this  new  purpose  in  mind  I 
applied  myself  to  finding  out  some- 
thing more  about  the  %ylll.  I  was 
sure  that  other  men  must  have  stud- 
ied the  subject,  and  the  results  of 
their  experience  would  doubtless  be 
of  great  value  to  me  in  understanding 
the  workings  of  my  ow^n  will  power. 
So,  with  a  directness  of  purpose  that 
I  had  'scarcely  known  before,  I.  began 
my  search. 

The  results  at  first  were  discour- 
aging. While  a  good  deal  had  been 
wi-itten  about  the  memory  and  other 
faculties  of  the  brain,  I  could  find 
nothing  that  offered  any  help  to  me 
in  acquiring  the  new  power  that  I 
had  hoped  might  be  possible.         ' 

But  a  little  later  in  my  investiga- 
tion I  encountered  the  works  of  Prof. 
Frank  Channing  Haddock.  To  my 
amazement  and  delight  I  discovered 
that  this  eminent  scientist,  whose 
name  ranks  with  Jame's,  Bergson  and 
Royce,  had  just  completed  the  most 
thorough  and  constructive  study  of 
will  power  ever  made.  I  was  aston- 
ished to  read  his  statement,  "The  will 
is  just  as  susceptible  of  development 
as  the  muscles  of  the  body!''  My 
question  was  answered!  Eagerly  I 
read  further— how  Dr.  Haddock  had 
devoted  twenty  years  to  this  study- 
how  he  had  so  completely  mastered 
it  that  he  was  actually  able  to  set 
down  the  very  exercises  by  which 
anyone  could  develop  the  will,  maki-ig 
it  «t  bigger,  stronger  force  each  day, 
simply  through  an  easy,  progressive 
course  of  training. 

It  is  almost  needless  to  say  that  I 
at  once  began  to  practice  the  simple 
exercises  formulated  by  Dr.  Haddock. 
And  I  need  not  recount  the  extraor- 
dinary results  that  I  obtained  almost 
from  the  first  day.  I  have  alreal  <■ 
indicated  the  success  that  my  devel- 
oped power  of  will  has  made  for  me. 

I  understand  that  Professor  Had- 
dock's lessons,  rules,  and  exercises  in 
•will  training  have  recently  been  com- 
piled and  published  in  book  form  by 
the  Pelton  Publishing  Co.  of  Meri- 
den.  Conn.,  and  that  any  reader  who 
cares  to  examine  the  book  may  do 
eo  without  sending  any  money  in  ad- 
vance. In  other  words,  if  after  a 
■week's  reading  you  do  not  feel  that 


this  book  is  worth  $3,  the  sum  ab. 
return  it  and  you  will  owe  nothii.^ 
When  you  receive  j'our  copy  for  ex- 
amination I  cuggcct-  thai  you  first 
read  the  articles  on:  The  law  of  great 
thinking;  how  to  develop  anaJytic 
power;  how  to  perfectly  concentrate 
on  any  subject;  how  to  guard  against 
errors  in  thought;  how  to  develop 
fearlessness;  how  to  use  the  mind  in 
sickness;  how  to  acquire  a  dominating 
personality. 

Some  few  doubters  will  scoff  at  the 
idea  of  will,  power  being  the  foun- 
tainhead  of  wealth,  position  and 
everything  we  are  striving  for,  and 
some  may  say  that  no  mere  book  can 
teach  the  development  of  the  will. 
But  the  great  mass  of  intelligent  men 
and  women  will  at  least  investigate 
for  themselves  by  'sending  for  the 
book  at  the  publishers'  risk.  I  am 
sure  that  auy  book  that  has  d  ne  for 
me — and  for  thousands  of  others — 
what  "Power  of  Will"  has  done— ia 
well  worth  investigating.  It  is  inter- 
esting^to  note  that  among  the  200,000 
owners  who  have  read,  used'  and 
praised  "Power  of  Will"  are  such 
prominent  men  as  Supreme  Court 
Justice  Parker;  Wu  Ting  Fang,  ex- 
U.  S.  Chinese  Ambassador;  Governor 
McKelvie  of  Nebraska;  Assistant 
Postmaster  General  Britt;  General 
Manager  Christeson  of  Well's-Fargo 
Express  Co.;  E.  St.  Elmo  L.ewis;  Sen- 
ator Arthur  Capper  and  thousands  of 
others. 

As  a  first  step  in  will  training,  I 
would  suggest  immediat'e  action  m 
this  matter  before  you.  It  is  not 
even  necessary  to  write  e  letter.  Use 
the  form  below  if  you  prefer,  address- 
ing it  to  the  Pelton  Publishing  Com- 
pany, 60-A  Wilcox  Block,  Meriden, 
Conn.,  and  the  book  will  come  by  re- 
turn mail.  This  one  act  may  mean 
the  turning  point  of  your  life,  as  it 
has  meant  to  me  and  so  many  others. 

I  will  examine  a  copy  of  "Power  of 
Will''  at  your  risk.  I  agree  to  re- 
mit $3  or  remail  the  (book   in   5   days. 


PELTON  PUBLISHING  CO., 

60-A  Wilcox  Block,    Meriden,    Conn. 

Name  ■; 


Address 


189 


/»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»<»»»M»»»»»»»»»»»»j 


WEST  DISINFECTING  CO 

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ourage  to  Go 
Into  Business  for  Myself" 


^£«^OR    years    I    had    Tvanted     to," 

M     writes  a  man  from   the  iliddle 

jr    West,  "but  I  did  not  dare.     The 

first  three  lessons  gave  me  the 

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from   the 

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So  deep  in  our  lives  are  the  founda- 
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ton Emerson,  who  has  taught  Efficiency 
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how  to  get  bigger  results  from  the 
work    that    you   are    doing — how      ^^ 
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191 


Not  Enough  Men  iFor 
hese  $5,000  Positions! 

An  Important  Letter  to  Readers 
From  the  President  of  the  American  Commerce  Associatiov 


CHICAGO,  111.— I  am  writing  tliis 
letter  as  a  last  resort  to  see  if  we  can- 
not secure  more  men  willing  to 
qualify  for  traffic  positions  paying 
§2,500  to  $10,000  a  year. 

How  Important  is  the  trained  traffic 
man's  work  can  be  seen  by  these  few 
cases  out  of  thousands  which  occur 
every  day.  A  concern  in  South 
'^'hicago  had  been  shipping  about  200 
cars  of  Coke  from  Connellsville  to 
their  smelters.  Some  time  ago  a 
traffic  export  succeeded  in  getting  a 
rate  adjustment  which  resulted  in  a 
saving  of  about  $5.00  on  each  car. 
Thus  on  this  one  item  alone  a  saving 
of  over  $300,000  a  year  was  effected. 

In  St.  Louis, -through  misrouting  of 
freight,  errors  In  reconsigning  cars 
and  ixndercharges  on  shipments,  a 
railroad  lost  over  $37,000. 

A  traffic  expert  discovered  that 
freight  rates  paid  by  the  Meeker  Coal 
Co.  were  legal  but  exorbitant.  A 
ruling  seexu'ed  from  the  Interstate 
Commission  resulted  in  a  refund  of 
$120,000. 

There  are  about  50,000  large  busi- 
ness corporations  and  about  400,000 
smaller  shippers  which  mnst  be  pro- 
tected by  competent  traffic  men. 
These  concerns  have  freight  ex- 
penses running  from  a  few  thousand 
dollars  to  many  thousands  of  dollars 
monthly.  Yet  an  the  entire  country 
there  are  only  a  few  hundred  men 
actually  competent  to  save  the  money 


now  being  wasted  through  lack  of 
efficiency  in  applying  the  Govern- 
ment Freight  Bate  System. 

Realizing  the  crying  demand  for 
trained  traffic  experts,  and  seeking 
relief,  the  American  Commerce  Asso- 
ciation—ia  national  organization  OF 
traffic  men,  FOR  traffic  men,  BY 
traffic  men,  offers  to  give  men  the 
training  required  to  miake  them  com- 
petent to  handle  the  problems  of  most 
economical  distribution.  The  instruc- 
tion is  given'"  by  mail  and  can  be 
studied  in  spare  time,  .at  home.  The 
most  complete  and  thorough  training 
is  given,  and  through  the  Association 
costs  but  a  few  cents  a  day. 

Through  its  Advisory  Council, 
every  member  of  the  American  Com- 
merce Association  receives  the  help 
of  the  most  prominent  traffic  men  in 
^merica. 

It  is  impossible  to  so  into  details  in 
this  letter,  but  the  Association  has 
published  a  remarkable  book  for  dis- 
tribution without  cost  which  explains 
everything  in  detail  and  tells  how 
any  one  may  learn  the  new  profes- 
sion of  traffic  manager.  If  you  are 
at  all  interested  in  getting  into  this 
highly  profitable  field,  paying  good 
salaries,  write  for  the  remarlcable 
book,  for  which  we  make  no  charge. 
Please  state  whether  you  are  a  be- 
ginner or  whether  you  have  had 
previous  traffic  experience,  and  give 
age    and    occupation, 


your    present    age    and 
Address    American    Commerce   Asso- 
ciation,   Dept.    121,    206    S.    Wabash 
Ave.,    Chicago,  111.    (American  Com- 
merce  Building.) 
192 


Can  Learn  Law  in 
Time— 


BE  you  fully  awake  to  the 
opportunity  that  law- 
training  offers  the  man 
who  is  seeking  greater  success 
— more  certain  promotion  in 
business? 

It  has  been  proven  that  the  trained 
man's  chances  for  success  in  busi- 
ness are  one  hundred  times  greater 
than  the  untrained;  also,  that  the 
business  man  with  special,  intensified 
training  seldom  fails  to  reach  the  top. 
There  is  No  Training  That  Will 
Bring  Success  Quicker   to  a  Man 

in    Business    Than    the    LAW. 

In  every  department  of  business — • 
in  every  field  of  industry — there  is  a 
growing  need  of   knowledge  of  Law. 

That  is  why  men  with  law-trained 
minds  are  so  rapidly  promoted;  why 
the  man  in  business  who  has  had  law 
training  is  consulted  so  frerpiently 
— called  into  conference  when  im- 
portant matters  are  discussed 


Find  out  what  other  men  in  tlie 
same  line  of  work  have  accomplished 
after  taking  the  Modern  American 
Law  Course  and  Service  of  the 
Blackstone  Institute. 

See  how  you  can  leavn  the  Law 
in   your   spare  time   without   inter 
rup'tion  to  your  present  work. 

This  book  will  prove  most  interest 
ing  to  you.  It  fully  describes  the 
method,  personnel,  lectures  and  spe 
cial  instruction  in  the  Blackstone  In 
stitute  Course— the  oldest  non-resi 
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Back  of  the  Course  are  such  men  as 
Ex-President  Taft,  Hon.  John  B. 
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mer  Pre.sident  of  the  American  Eai 
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If  you  would  multiply  your  chanoes 
for  real  success,  write  and  get  a  free 
copy  of  ithis  book.  It  shows  the  way 
to  greater  success  in  business.  Tour 
request  obligates  you  in  no  way.  Simply 
fill  in  the  coupon  below.  BLACK- 
STONE INSTITUTE,  Department  209. 
608  S.  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago,  111. 


Send    ".The   Law-Trained   Man, 
pas©   book— FREE 


118- 


BLACKSTONE  INSTITUTE 

Organized  to  meet  the  demand  for  law-trained 
men 

Dep!.  209, 608  S.  Deaiborn  Street,  Chicago,  HI, 


APVERTISERS     IN     THE    NA/ORLD    AL-IS/IAIMAO 

rapes  1  to  196,  Pink  ^eciion.     Pages  16-A  to   16-Q,   Special  Insert   letween 
J Pages  16  and  11  of  Tea-t.       Pac/es  917  to  9i4,  end  of  hook. 

GUARArSlTEED        ClRCUi-AXIOlM       30  0,000 


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Acficld.  C.R 120 

Adipo  Co 121 

Adder  Machine  Co 30 

Aoro  Co 180 

Akron  Truss  Co 934 

Alexander  Hamilton  Institute. .  161 

Alpha  Electric  Co 40 

American  Flag  Co 920 

American  Automobile  Digest. . .  14?* 

American  Commerce  Asso 192 

American  School  of  Banking  ...  .83 
American  School  of  Correspond- 
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American  School  of  Music.  ..08-925 

American  Steel  &  Wire  Co 944 

American  Technical  Society.  .28-29 
American    Training    School    for 

Nurses 80 

American  University 49-928 

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Anheuser-Busch Ill 

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Army  &  Navy  Equipment  Co.  .  .90 

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Athol  Mfg.  Co 80 

Atkinson  Auto  School 90 

Atlas  Powder  Co 173 

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B 

Ball,  Jamea  W.  &  Co 150 

Ball  Publiflhlug  Co 86 

Barrow,  Wade.  Guthrie  &  Co.  .  146 

Bass  Camera  Co 182  918 

Bateman  Mfg.  Co 172 

Be?g3,  John  E.  Corpn 138 

Beiber  Trunk  &  Bag  Co 12 

Bergman.  James 1. 54-174 

Bingo  Co , 165 

Bisurated  Magnesia 10-() 

Bltro-Phosphiite 1 52 

Blackburn  Products  c;o. . .  .  106-930 

Bhickstoue  Institute 193 

Bliss  Electrical  School 182 

Boston  Mall  Order  House 167 

Brittain,  John  Hart 77-933 

Brooks.  C.  E 74-119-928-932 

Bromo  Seltzer 94 

Brown,  John  1.  A.  Sous 930 

Brunner.  H.  K 131 

Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Co. .  18 

Buffalo  Sled  Co 84 

Buffalo  Specialty  Co. 58-70 

Bump  Paper  Fastener  Co 125 

BurUngton  V\'atch  Co 53 

Burpee,  W.  Atlee  Company. ...   10 

BurreU-Dugger  Co 129 

Bush  Motor  Co 70 


Calculator  Corporation 108 

Cannaday,  Dr.  J.  E 934 

Canies  Artificial  Limb  Co 44 

Carr's  Military  Shop .".  168 

(Jasearets 928 

Central  Camera  Co 102 

Centre  Publishing  Co 921 

Challenge  Cleanable  Collare 6 

Chicago  Correspondence  Schools 

920 

Chicago  Enrlneering^Works _ 

Chicago  Ferrotype  Co 14 

Chicago  Home  Study  Schools    .  1 26 

Chicago  Technical  CoUese 181 

Christine,  Harry 942 

Clarke,  C.  F.  &  Co 91-924 

Clearwater,  H.  P 940 

Coliuubla  Novelty  Co 182 


Columbia  School  of  Drafting., .  .86 

Columbia  Warehouses 942 

Comfort  Chemical  Closet  Co. .  .926 
Commercial  Travelers  Ass'n..51 
Commonwealth  Electric  Mfg.  Co .  52 

Comp's  Farm  Agency 91-923 

Connors,  Wm.,  Paint  Mfg.  Co... 68 
Corona  Typewriter  Co..  Cover  2 
CcsmopoUtan  Automobile  School 

112 
D 

Dale  Mfg.  Co 186-922 

Daley,  John 942 

D'Alessio    Designing     and     Art 

Academy 84-92 

Danderine 927 

Deere,  John 137 

Delano,  F.  H 936 

Deming  Co 73 

Uenlson,  T.  S.  &  Co 174 

Depolller.  Jacques  &  Son 56 

Detroit  College  of  I^aw 83-920 

Detroit  Institute  of  Technology. .  55 
Devoe  &  Raynolds  Co..  Inc. . . .  151 
Diagraph  Stencil  Machine  165 

Diapep.sln 926 

Dickson  School  of  Memorv.  31-918 

Dieges  &  Clust 74 

Dltman,  A.  J 1 10-938 

Dorrety 174 

Drake,  Frederick  J.  Co 16-P 

Duck,  Wm.  B.  Co 165 

Dun,  R.  G.  &  Co 942 

Dupell  Selling  Corporation   ,    16-G 

Duplex  Printing  Press  Co Ifi-F 

Du  Pont  Fabrlkoid  Co 4-5 

DuPont,  E.  I.  (le  Nemours  &  Co. .  .8 


Eager  Colon  Cleanser  Co 166 

Edwards  Mfg.  Co 27 

Egerton  Press 129 

Eisen,  Wm.  M.  Co 88-114-166 

Entona  Co  937 

Epplnger.  Lou  J 54 

Kureka  Mower  Co 72 

Evans,  Victor  J  .  &  Co 43 

Excelsior  Quilting  Co 16-0 


Fashion  Academy 123 

Feder.il  .School   of   Commercial 

Designing 183 

Ferdinand.  L.  W.,  &  Co 80 

First  Institute  of  Podiatry ....  150 

Foot  Remedy  Co 90-926 

Fougera,  E.,  &  Co 105 

Fox,  Geo.  I  101-166 

Franklin  Institute 133-930 

Frees,  C.  A 100 

Freezone 929 

Fi-onllcr  Asthma  Co 936 

Frost.  H.  J.,  &  Co 54 

Fuller,  E.  M.  &  Co 140 

Fuller.  Geo.  R.  Co 98 

I'unk  A  WagnallB  Co 95 


Ganchcr,  W.  A 91 

Gauss.  C.  K 939 

Gem  Ear  Phone  Co 99 

General  Acoustic  Co 76 

Globe  Decalcomanle  Co —  147-176 

Gold  Medal  Camp  Fui-nlture 91 

Golden  Rule  Cutlery  Co . . .  102-923 

Goodform  Mfg.  Co 16-0 

Great  Western  Tailoring  Co 69 

Greater  N  Y  Lumber  Co.,  inc.  .126 

Gregg  Publishing  Co 67 

Greer    College   of    Automobile 

Tractor  and  Airplane  Engr.  ."148 
Grouse.  C  K.  Co    ...,:.   ..   .132 


H 

Haanel.  Chas.  F 60 

Hamilton  College  of  Law. .  .104-918 
Hammond  Typewriter  Co. . .  .  16-A 
Hanson-Bennett,  J.  M.,   Maga- 
zine Agency 57 

Harris  Mfg.  Co 168 

Harrison  Real  Estate  Corpn. .  .922 
Harrlsca's  Town  &  Country  1*81^.7 

Hartshorn  &  Pieabla 113 

Haverford  Cycle  Co 163 

Hawaiian  Institute  of  Muslcl32-168 
Haywood    Tire    &    Equipment 

Co 20-922 

Herculex  Co 156 

Hill,  H.  S 174 

Hinman  Milking  Machine  Co...  .22 
Home  Correspondence  School.  . .  62 
Home  Insurance  Co., 

Opposite  te.tt  Index. 

Hughes  &  Dier 141 

Hutzell,  J.  C 130 

Hyfield  Mfg.  Co 129 


Independent  Corporation 

78-79-11 6-117-144-14,5-16D-16E 
International        Correspondence 

Schools 41-61-81 

Imperial  Brass  Mfg.  Co 922 

I.sbell,  S.  M.  &  Co 196 

Xver    Johnson 2-3 


Jaclison,  Mark  H ' 122 

Jefferson  .%  Jefferson 146 

Jersey  City  Printing  Co 164 

Johnson,  Smith  *.  Co 155-176 

K 

Kampfe  Bros 88 

Kawnear  Cabinet  Co 72 

Keenan  Safe  Co 110 

Kenyon.  F.  Co 942 

KImmel,  Geo.  P 172 

King  Institute 153-16L 

Kintho  Cream  and  Soap 75 

Knickerbocker  Studios 99 

Knox  School 62 

Kolb  Portable  Building  Co 124 

Kolesch  &  Co 131 

Koreln  Co 933 

Koskott  Laboratories 933 


Lachman,  Harold  Co 129 

Lacey  &  Lacoy 17-921 

LaDclle.  Frederick 923 

Lamb's  Business  Train.  School. . .  66 

Lancaster  &  Allwyne 108 

Langah,  David 176 

Language-Phone  Method 66 

Lanstou  Monotype  Machine  Co.42 

Larned.  Carter  &  Co 68 

LaSage,  Pearl 96 

LaSalle     Extension     University, 

33  to  36 

Leaoh  Chemical  Co 926 

Lenox  Mfg   Co 103 

Leonard.  A   O 106-154 

Leonard,  W.  C.  &  Co.  .  .  .• 147 

Lewis  A  H  Medicine  Co 128 

Lewis,  Saml 64 

Life.  E  D 84 

Lilly,  J  Frank  &  Co 184 

Llaeograph  Co 174 

Llpault  Co : .  132 

Lister  Bros.,  inc 122 

Loob,  Alex 103 

Louis  Bros  &  Co 147-931 

Lorton.  Will  F 70 

Lotz   Henry  W 942 

LusK  Institute  Corporatloo 40 


194 


ADVER-ri£»i 


THI 


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M 

MacMillaD,  Frank 942 

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Mahler,  D.  J 942 

Major's  Cement 180 

Maloney  Bros.  &  Wells  Co 108 

Manhattan     lilectrical     Supply 

Co 177 

Marble  Arms  &  Mfg.  Co 63 

Marinello  Co xv  ;  §1 

Maat€n,  G.  H.  Co.,  Inc. . .  .  107-158 

Master  Rule  Mfg.  Co 182 

Maurer  MIg.  Co 6i-i2 

Maxim  Silencer  Co 109 

Mazer  &  Co 942 

McLaln  Orthopedic  Sanitarium .  109 

Mead  Cycle  Co .70 

Mega-Ear  Phone  Co.,  Inc 114 

Merriam,  G.  &  C,  Co .21 

Met.il  Arts  Co J^'S-925 

Metal  Shelter  Co 113 

Metallic  Letter  Co 115 

Mexican  Diamond  Co 110 

Michelin  Tire  Co 13 

Mlcropho-Detector  Co 94 

Minneapolis  Artificial  I.imb 

Co..: 1.54-923 

Monitor  Sad  Iron  Co 182 

Morley  Co -64 

Muller,  Wm 120 

N 

National  Book  Stores 135 

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National  Radio  Institute 924 

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Association *^"?s5 

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Newell  Pharmacal  Co *  5-943 

Newman,  Dr.  R 123 

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New  York  Camera  Exchange. .  .924 
New  York  Electrical  School ,  83-115 
New    York    InstiWite    of    Pho- 
tography  ^■L-\-Hn 

Now  York  Preparatory  School.  .62 

Normyl  Association 50 

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Novo  Engine  Co 39 


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Peltou  Publishing  Co 188-189 

Perfect  Voice  Institute 163 

Perth  Amboy  Chemical  Works.  131 
Pan-Chro-Scope  Corporation. . .  104 

Philo  Burt  MIg.  Co 93-941 

Plapao  Laboratories 937 

Pneumatic  MIg.  Co 54-80 

Pompelan  Mfg.  Co 16-C 

Press  Co 58-925 

Press,  I.,  &  Sons 23 

Progress  Tailoring  Co 88-920 

Producers    &    Consumers    Alli- 
ance  124 

Prudential  Ins.  Co 16-Covcr  4 

R 

Randolph  &  Co 92 

Ray  Detective  Ageiicy 186 

Ray,  Wm.  H.  Ptg.  Ink  Mfg.  Co. .  170 

ReaCo 942 

Redding  &  Co 91 

Reliable  Safe  &  Lock  Co 68 

Review  of  Reviews 191 

Richardson,  G.  W 58 

Rife  Engine  Co. 76 

Rivferside  Printing  Co 178 

Riverside  Publishing  Co 185 

Robb&  Robb 112 

Robin  Lighting  Fixtures  Co 92 

Robinson  Mfg.  Co 163 

Rockhill  &  Vietor 151 

Rock  Island  Plow  Co 38 

Romeiko,  Albert  &  Co.,  Inc 88 

Rothkrug  Bros 1 48 

Rottach,  Carl 82 

Rowe  Sanitary  Mfg.  Co 102 

S 
Sanderson-Cyclone  Drill  Co.  ...  .26 

Santa  Fe  Watch  Co 74 

Schnoter,  J.  C.  Co 923 

Schoverling,  Daly  &  Gales 19 

Schmidt  <fe  Deery 142 

Schulte,  A 942 

Scott  Stamp  &  Coin  Co'. 195 

Scott,  W   D 154 

Seaman  Paper  Co loZ 

Shaw  Mfg.  Co 71 

Shumate  Razor  Co 186 

Simplex  Automatic  Washer  Co.  101 


Numismatic  Bank 16K-942  gjj,,,^  a".  W"     H'-J 

Nuxated  Iron llSlgi^^jt^grv  &  Co 127 

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Othine -82 

Owen,  Richard  B 127 

P 

Page,  E.  R 935 

Paragon  Shorthand  Institute 93 

Parmlnt 130 

Pathfinder,  The Cover  3 

Patterson  Civil  Service  School.  .47 
Pazo  Ointment 937 


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Sproule,  Deafness  Speclalist.931-935 

St.  Louis  Sticker  Co ISO 

Stiindard  Appliance  Co.   of 

America l57 

Standard  Business  Training  Insti- 
tute  129 

Stetfey  Mfg.  Co 5.S 


Stelner,  Jos.  &  Bros 16-N 

Stclnway  &  Sons 16-B 

Stern,  David  Co 104 

Stratis  &  Schram 175 

Strongfort  Lionel 143 

Struck  &  Bossak,  Inc 136 

Sweeney  Automobile  &  Tractor 

School 169 

T 

Tamblyn,  F.  W 83 

Thomas  Publishing  Co 134 

Thompson,  John  I.  Sons  & 

Co 114-176 

Three-in-One  Oil  Co 11 

Travelers  Insurance  Co 917 

Trilety,  M 9S- 100-925 

Tulloss  School 15-65-919 

Tyrrell's  Ilygionlc  Institute. . .  16-Q 
Typewriter  Emporium 24-25 

V 

Union  Laljoratory 07-941 

Universal  Business  Institute 87 

University  of  Applied  Science. .   180 
U.  S.  Addressing  &  Ptg.  Co.  .18-K 

U.  S.  Play ing  Card  Co 89 

IT.  S.  School  of  Music 1.59 

U.  S.  Smelting  Works,  Inc.  .88-942 
Utlca-Diubak  Corporation 63 

V 

Van  Vleck,  Dr.  Co ■. .  932 

Vapo-CTesolcne  Co 103 

Vernon  Bros.  &  Co 147 

Vom  Hofe,  E.  &  Co -.  168 

W 

Wagner '. 942 

Ware,  Walter  F.  Co 924 

Washington  Civil  Service  School, 

942 
Wa-shington  School  of  Art,  Inc.  167 

Washington  Tailoring  Co 928 

Weber's  Medical  Tea  Co. . .  105-121 

Weller,  Jason  &  Son 32 

Weller  Service 178 

Wels  Mfg.  Co .9 

West  Disinfecting  Co 190 

Western  Newspaper  Association. 37 

Willis,  Harvey  A.,  &  Co 17| 

WiWon  Ear  Drum  Co 115 

Winchester  &  Co 158 

Witte  Engine  Works .7J 

Woman's  Institute ....  179 

Woman's  Nat'l  Honor  Medal.  .132 
Woman's  National  Magazine.. .  17S 

Wondereen 11* 

Woodlawn  tJemetery 942 

Woodlawn  Nui-seriea -.v;,-!?? 

Woods,  Kdw.  J 163-933 

Wulfsohn,  M.,  &  Co .59 

Wurlitzer,  Kudolpli  Co 18/ 


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isstTEDirr' 

THK  PRESS  PUBLISHING  CO.    (THE  NEW  YORK   WORLD), 

Pulitzer  Building, 

New  Youk. 


Copyiight.  1018,  by  TtJS  Press  Publishing  Co.  (TUe  New  York  World),  New  York. 


"One  policy  of  The  Home  of  New  York  recommends  another 

ELBRIDGE  G.  SNOW,  President 

CONFLA  GRA  T ION -PROOF 


SURANCE    COMPANY 


Cash  Assets,  January,  1918    .    $44,048,651.58 

Cash  Capital 6,000,000.00 

Liabilities      .......      25,047,401.00 

Net  Surplus  . 13,001,250.58 

Surplus  as  regards  Policyholders   19,001,250.58 


SIXTY-FIVE    YEARS 
of  Fair  Dealing   With  Policyholders  an 
Prompt  Adjustment  and  Payment 

of  Losses 

ALL  BRANCHES  OF  FIRE  INSURANCE 

Fire,  Lightning,  Automobile,  Explosion,  Hail,  Marine  (Inland 
and  Ocean),  Parcel  Post,  Profits  and  Commissions,  Registered 
Mail,  Rents,  Rental  Values,  Sprinkler  Leakage,  Tourists''  Bag- 
gage, Use  and  Occupancy,  Windstorm,  Full  War  Cover. 


AGENTS  IW  CITIES,  TOWNS  AND  VILLAGES  THROUGH- 
OUT THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  ITS  POSSESSIONS,  AND 
IN  CANADA 

STRENGTH  REPUTATION  SERVICE 

2 


General  Index. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


A  PAGE 

A  A .  TJ.  Cliampionsliins no:) 

Aocirtents,  Street,  in  N.  Y 84? 

Ailjt.  Gen.,  Duties  ot 609 

AclmlP..  of  Estates 548 

Aeronautics 491 

Aeroplanes,  U.  S.,  in  War 718 

AfBhan  War 62b 

ARric.-..  Dept.  of 203 

"  Rdiieat.  Sujiorvis 215 

"  Exner.  Stations 246 

"  l-'ersoDS  in 259 

"  Sohools 529 

Aisiie  paver G09 

Ala.,  Stakes'  Winners 478 

Alaska,  Holidays 70 

"  Imports  and  Exports 368 

"  Purchase 260 

"  Railroad 348 

Albania 609 

Alcohcl,  Production  of 236-237 

Alien  Enemies  (Women) 578 

"  Prop.  Custod.,  Accounts.  .  .  .220 

Aliens  inU.S 292,296,299 

"  Naturalization  of 578 

Allies,  V/lio  They  Are Cof 

Alsace-Lorraine 609 

Altitudes 113-121 

■•'  Highest  and  Lowest 67 

Aluminum,  Production  of 406 

Alumni  in  War 527 

Amateur  World  Records 473 

Ambassadors 731 

Ambulance  Companies 609 

Amer.  Acad.  Arts  and  Letters. .  .216 

Amer.  Ambulance  Corps 609 

Hospitals.  ..  .609 

"  Battle  Losses 709 

"  Cup  Races 468 

"  Fed.  of  Labor,  Wilson  to.. .  .655 

"  Forestry  Association 423 

"  Geographical  Society 143 

"  Jewish  Historical  .Soo 224 

"  Library  A,ssoclation 846 

"  Medical  Association 31 

"  Labor  Alliance,  Wilson  to. .  .655 

"  Merchant  Marine 321 

"  Metric  Assoc 431 

"  Museum  Natural  History. .  .878 

"  Pub.  Health  Assoc 23G 

"  Red  Cross 13,417 

"  Revolution.  Battles  of 77 

"  Ships  Lost  in  War 722 

"  Wiiming  Horse  Owners 481 

Ammonia 397 

Amusement  Places,  N.  Y 860 

Anc.  Ace.  Scottish  Rite,  F.  M...841 

"  Ace.  Scottish  Rite  Masons.  ..842 

Ancient    Arabic    Order,    Nobles 

of  the  Mystic  Shrine 232 

Anglo-Japanese  Alliance 609 

Anilines.- 397 

Animals,  Imports  and  Exports.  .364 

"  Mortality  of 112 

Anniversaries,  Wedding Ill 

Annuity  Values 99 

Ahti-Aircraft  Guns 609 

Antimony  Comp 398 

A.ntwerp 609 

Apples,  Exports 364 

Apportionment,  Congressional . .  143 

Apricots,  Exports 364 

Arabic  Numerals 104 

Area  of  Islands 312 

Area  and  Pop.,  Ail  Countries, 

257-259-379 

"  and  Pop.,  the  Earth 67 

"  and  Pop.,  States  in  U.  S., 

152-153 

Areaa  of  Circles -97 

Archaeology 7^8 

Argentina,  Imports  and  Exports  371 

"  Natural  Wealth 371,449 

Armistice  Orders  to  Troops —  679 


PAGE 

Armistice  Terms  to  Germany.  .676 

'■  to  Austria 672 

"  Turkish 672,674 

Army   Camps 707 

"  Casualties 722 

"  Corps 609 

"  Expeditionary  Forces 703 

■'  Growth 695 

"  Health  of 697 

"  Hospitals 697 

"  National 617 

"  Operations,  Fi-ance, 

6"5-703-706-707,725 

"  Organization 609 

J'  Pay 14,694 

"  Regular  and  Reserve 619 

"  Roster. 700 

"  Training  Camps 697 

"  Transport  Service f 

"  in  France,  Pershing's  Story  of  .689 

"  and  Navy  Union 663 

.Arrests  in  Civil  Action 557 

Arsenic  Comp 398 

'  rson.  Penalties 546 

Art  Museum,  St.  Louis 197 

Articles  of  War 609 

Artillery 609 

Asbestos  Prod 406 

Asphalt  Prod 406 

Assassinations,  Political 151 

Assault,  Penalties 545 

Assembly,  Apport 833 

'•  Dist.  Bound.,  N.  Y.  City 865 

Assessed  Values,  by  States .  .  152-153 

"   N.  Y.  City 849-850 

Association  Football 505 

"  for  Improved  Condit'n  Poor.  .916 

"  of  Gov't  Surgeons 184 

"   (Miscellaneous) 535 

Astronomical  Constants 61 

Phenomenon.  1919 54 

Astronomy,  Progress  In 728 

Asylums,  New  York  City 871 

Athletic  Fields,  New  York 904 

Athletics,  College 483 

■  Track  and  Field ; 603 

Atlantic  Passages,  Fast 231 

Automobile  Death  Rate 209 

Australia,  Imports  and  Exports .  .383 

Area  and  Population 257,379 

Austria,  Armistice  to 672 

"  Nat.  Wealth ..449 

"  Navy 720 

"  on  the  14  Points 645 

"  Peace  Pleas  ....  662,663,664,668,669 

"  Silk  Production 367 

Austria-Hungary,  For'n  Trade.  .375 

Austrian  Peace  Moves,  1917 68J 

Automobile  Laws 450-460 

"  Records 463 

Automobiles,  Number  in  U.  S . .  .349 

"  in  New  York 351 

Aviation 491,690 

Aviators,  FataUties 682 

B 

Bacon,  Exports  of 363.366 

Baggage,  Customs  Exam 830 

Balkan-Turk  War 628 

Bananas,  Imports  and  Exports .  .364 

Bank  Failures 421 

Banking  Statistics 435-441 

Canada. 376 

Bankruptcy  Law 558 

Banks,  N.  Y.  City 852 

Baptist  Young  People's  Union ...  239 

"  World  Alliance 431 

Bar  Assoc,  N.  Y.  City 855 

Barbed  Wire  Entanglements...  .610 

Barge  Canal  Trattlc 328 

Barley,  Exports 363,366 

"  Production,  U.  S 244,245 

Barrage 610 

Baseball 492 


PAGE 

Ba.'se  Hospitals 610 

Basketball 507 

Battali6n CIO 

Battery 610 

Battle  Losses 693-709-710 

Battles,  American  Revolution...  77 

Bauxite  Production , . .  406 

Beans,  Exports 304 

Beef,  Impts.  &  Expts 363-364,366 

"  Production,  U.  S 252 

Beer  Brewing,  Ends 660 

"  Consumption  of 237 

"  Production  of,  U.  S 236 

Belgian  Mines  Ruined 675 

"  Nat.  Wealth 449 

"  Peace  Message  From  U.  S. . .652 

Belgrade ....:....... 610 

Bell  7  3lephone  System 333,334 

Benzine 398 

Benzol 399 

"  InU.  S .414 

Berlin  Congre,ss 612 

Bessarabia .' 610 

Bible  Weights 95 

Bicycle  Race,  Six  Day 12 

Bicycling 511 

Big  Brother  Movement 822 

Billiards 12,499 

Bigamy,  Penalties 547 

Bird  Count  in  U.  S Ill 

Birth  Rate,  Germany 791 

Births,  N.  Y 834,848 

Bishops,  All  Denom 810-812 

Black  River  Canal 327 

Blind  Population,  U.  S 283 

Blood  Pressure 320 

Boards,  Exports 364 

Boche 610 

Boer  War 627 

Bohemia 610 

Boiler  Explosions.  1868-1915 108 

Boiling  Points 98 

Bond  Quotations 442-148 

Bonds,  Dealt  in,  on  Exchange. .  .417 
Books  Published  in  U.  S.. 527,813,815 

Borax,  Production 406 

Bosnia-Herzegovina 610 

Boston,  Building  in 421 

Botanical  Gardens,  N.  Y 878 

Bowling  Records 471 

Boxer  Troubles 627 

Boxing 12,487 

Boy  Scouts  of  America 211 

Brazil,  Coffee  Trade 372 

'  Imports  and  Exports 372 

Bread  Rations,  France 385 

Breadstuffs,  Expgrts  of 363,366 

Brest-Lltovsk  Peace  Conference  .611 
Bridgeport  Strikers,  Warned  by 

Wilson : 660 

Bridges,  New  York  City.  .  .  .886-887 

Brigade 611 

Bristles,  Imports  and  Exports . .  .364 

British  Battle  Losses 710 

Empire,  Area  and  Pop 257 

India,  Imports  and  Exports.  .384 

Navy  Losses 821,832 

Red  Cross 675 

Weights  and  Measures 96 

Bromine,  Production .406 

Brooklyn  Fed.  Jewish  Charities .  .856 

"  Handicap 475 

"  Institute 879 

Brotherhood,  St.  Andrew. ...  . .  .220 

Brother  Jonathan,  Origin  of ... .  75 

Brussels 611 

Bucharest 611 

Buckwheat,  Production 245 

Budgets,  New  Yoru  City 849 

Buffalo  Acad.'  Flue  Arts 794 

Bviffer  States 611 

Buildings,  Costly,  N.  Y.  City. .  .891 

"  Depreciation  m 423 

"  High,  New  York 857 


General  Index  — Continued. 


PAGE 

Building  In  Cities 42:' 

"  in  Boston 421 

"  In  Cincinnati 421 

"  and  Loan  Associations. ....  .417 

Bulgar-Serbian  War 62« 

Bulgaria 611 

"  Nat.  Wealth 44a 

"  Trade 390 

Burglary,  Penalties 546 

Burian  on  "Eneiuj-  Obstinacy" .  .669 
Burmah,  Rubber  Production...  .384 

Busliel  Measures 106 

Business  Failures 418-421 

Busy  Corners,  N.  Y.  and  London.317 
Butter,  Imports  and  Exports.  .  .364 

"  in  Storage 243 

C 

Cabinet.  U.  S - 202 

Cabinets  of  the  World. .."...  .733-736 

Cables  of  the  World 259,331 

Cadets 611 

Cadmium,  Production 406 

Calendar,  1919 39-50 

"  Greek  Cluirch 35 

"  Jewish 35 

'*  Mohammedan 35 

i"  Ready  Reference 38 

"  Ritualistic 35 

"  Russian  Church 35 

Cambr.ai 611 

Camouflage 612 

Canada,  Canals 317 

"  Failures 430 

"  General  Statistics 376-379 

"  Omcialsof 732 

Canals,  Champlain  Canal 327 

"  Europe 317 

"  N.  Y.,  Dlst.,  Tonn'e,  Etc  ..325-328 

"  Suez  Canal 324 

"  United  States 317 

Cape  Province,  Population 379 

Capitol.  United  States 128 

Carbolic  Acid 403 

Carbon  Sulnhurate 399 

Cardinals,  College  of 810 

Casualties,  U.  S.  Army 722 

Catholic  Ch.  Extens'n  Soc 730 

"  (Nat.)  War  Coiinoll 11 

Catalcill  Water  Supply 880 

Cattle,  Imports  and  Esocrts .  361-365 

"  in  U.  S 252-255 

Caucasus 612 

Cavalry 612 

Cavell,  Edith 612 

Cayuga  Canal 327 

Cement,  Production 406 

Census  Bureau,  U.  S 199 

"  Military,  N.  Y 29S 

" "  Statistics,  Begin  on 259 

Centre  of  Population 139 

Century  of  Anthracite 415 

Cereal  Measures 104,106 

Cettlnie 612 

Ceylon,  Exports  to  U.  S 384 

"  Population 379 

Chamber  of  Commerce 916 

Cliamplain  Canal 327 

Cheese,  Imports  and  Exporls.    .364 

Chemistry,  Progress  in 729 

Chess 502 

Chewing  Gum,  Impts  &  Expts.  .364 

Chicle,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

Ciiild  Labor  Law,  Decision  on . .  .586 

Children,  War's  Effect  on 900 

Chile,  Imports  and  Exports 374 

China's  Foreign  Population 263 

China,  Silk  Exports 367 

"  Trade,  Etc 394 

China-Japanese  War 626 

Chlorine 400 

Chromic  Iron  Ore 406 

Chronological  Cycles  and  Eriis..  33 

Congress 795 

CUronology,  Congress 795 

"  General 764 

'   (See     Also     Fires,     Wrecks, 

■:         Floods) 737 

War,  Begins  on 737 

V.  hurch  Fasts 34 

"  Memoranda,  1919 33 

"  Statistics 807-812 


PAGK 

Churches,  New  York 905 

Cincinnati,  Building  in 421 

Mus.  of  Art 796 

Circles.  Areas  of 97 

Cities,  Building  in 422 

in  U.  S.,  Altitude  of 115-123 

Largest,  of  World 263 

Sobriquets  of 529 

Statisiics  of 530 

Civil  Actions,  Arrests 557 

Service  Commission,  U.  S. .  .206 
Service  Rules,  N.  Y.  City. .  .888 

Service,  N.  Y.  State 831 

War  Pensions 578 

Claims  for  Military  Operations .  .580 

Clay.  Production 406 

Clayton  Act 224,576 

Clearing-House  Statistics 437-441 

Clubs,  N.  Y.  City 858 

Outside  New  York 543 

Coal  Control  in  Europe 415 

Statistics 259,406,411-415 

Tar  Chemical  Prod.,  U.  S ...  396 

Coast  Guard 188 

Line,  U.  S 79 

and  Geodetic  Survey 221 

Cocoa  and   Chocolate,    Imports 

and  Exports 364 

Cod  Fisheries,  Pacific 251 

Coffee  Statistics 250,364 

Trade  of  Br.azil 372 

Coin  in  Clrcalation J!-9 

Coinage  Statistics 42c 

Coins,  Foreign,  Value  of 424 

Coke  Statistics 406,411,414 

Cold  Storage  Data 242 

Collectors,  Customs 206 

College  Alumul  in  War 527 

Athletics 483 

Colleges  and  Universities 514 

Colombia,  Impts.  and  Expts  ...374 

Commerce,  Dept.  of 203 

N.  Y.  City 862 

United  St-'ies 352,366,375 

of  World 259 

Commercial  Failures 418-421 

Company  (Army) 612 

Compensation  Laws 565 

Confederate  Soldiers'  Homes .585 

Chronology 795 

Congress,  Chronology 795 

Democratic,  Wilson's  Plea  for655 

Librarian  of 206 

of  Berlin 612 

United  States 189-193 

Congressional  Apportionment ...  143 

Constitution,  U.  S 129 

.     "   Amendmen's.l33 

Consular  Service  Exama 212 

Consuls.  N.  Y.  City 874 

Container,  U.  S.  Act 105 

Contraband 612 

Contracts,  Laws  of 557 

Contributions  of  Corporat'ns  .580,582 
Copal,  Imports  and  Exports. . .  .364 

Copper  Statistics 377,406 

Copyright  Law 227 

Corcoran  Art  Gallery 806 

Corn  Harvest  Seasons 239 

Statistics 244-245,363-364-366 

Corners,  Busy,  N.  Y.  &  London .  .316 
Corporate  Contributions ....  580,582 
Costa  Rica,  Impta.  and  Exnts . .  .374 

Cost  of  War 708,711,712 

Cotton  Seed  Oil,  Exports 364,366 

"     Prod.,  U.  S 246 

"  Statistics. 24'l-'6,259,261,360-'l-'3-'6 

County  Offices,  N.  Y.  City 842 

Courland 612 

Court  of  Honor 823 

Courts,  N.  Y.  City 843-845 

"  United  States 204 

Crimes  and  Penalties 545 

Cross  Country  Running 12 

Croton  Water  Supply 8Sn 

Cuba,  Imp'tsand  Exp'ts,  etc.373,80.T 

■■  Cities,  Population 261 

Cuban  Insurrection 626 

Curtailments  of  Industries 632 

Custom  House,  Exam,  of  Bag..  .830 
Collectors 205 


I'AGE 

Custom   Duties 824 

Customs  Claims,  Litlg.  of 823 

"  Revenues 2;)6 

"  Surveyors 206 

Cuxhaven 612 

Cyprus,  Population 379 

Czechoslovak  Nat.  Unity 612 

"  Rcpubltc 12 

D 

Dairy  Prod.,  Impts.  &  Expts  .304,366 
Danish  W.  Indies,  Census,  Kfj  .  .395 

Dates,  Memorable 76 

Daughters  of  Cincinnati 389 

Days  Between  Two  Dates 37 

Daylight  Saving 36,580 

Death  Rate  In  U.  S 280,303 

••     New  York 848 

"  Rate,  War,  in  Germany 791 

"  Roll  of  1918 13,797 

Deaths  in  U.  S.  Navy 719 

••  In  Stre3t  Accidents 847 

"   New  York 834,848 

Debt,  N.  Y.  City 851 

"  United  States 219,261 

"  War.  Canada 378 

Debts  of  States 152-153 

"  of  Belligerents 712 

Decimals  and  Fractions 107 

Declarat'n  of  Independence 125 

••     Signers. .  .126 

Declarations  of  War 707 

i:)eeds.  Acknowledgment  of 556 

Degree,  Minutes  of 99 

Democratic  Nat'l  Committee ...  197 
Nat'l  Convent'n,  1908-'12-'16 . .  145 

State  Chairmen 197 

Denmark,  Nat'l  Wealth 449 

"  Trade 389 

Density  of  Population,  U.  S 271 

Depreciation  in  Buildings 423 

Derby  Wiimers 461 

Destroyers 613 

Diplomatic  Service 731 

Diplomats  Dismissed  by  U.  S. .  .151 
Distances,  Albany  to  Montreal .  .327 

■    Between  Cities 318-320 

on  Miss.,  O.,  &  Mo.  lliv's. 315-316 

on  N.  Y.  Canals 325-328 

Distilled  Spirits  Production 235 

District-Attorneys.  U.  S 205 

District  Leaders,  N.  Y.  City.  .863-864 

Division  (in  Army) 613 

Divorce  Laws 559 

Statistics 290,291 

Dixie  Highway ..333 

Dog  Racing 462 

Dominican  Rep.,  Impts.  &  Expts.370 

Dower  (Widow's)    Laws 555 

Draft,  The 621 

"  Law  Registration 581 

"      •'     Upheld 589 

"  Numbers 592-603 

"  Statistics 603-607 

Dry"  States 31 

Duties,  Customs 824 

Dwellings  and  Families  in  U.  S .  .279 

Dyes,  U.  S.  Production 396 

Dyewoods,  Impts.  and  Expts.  .  .364 

E 

Earth,  Area  and  Population 67 

Earthquake  Areas 67 

Easter  Sunday  Dates 37 

Eclipses,  1919 55 

Eggs,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

"  in  Storage 242 

Egyotian  War 626 

Elections,  1918,  by  States .  .  .  161-184 
"    New  York. 32, 183-185 

"  Presidential 140-150 

Electrical  Units 95 

Electoral  Vote,  by  Parties  and 

States 140-144 

Elements  of  Solar  System 54 

Elgin  Nat'l  Records 464 

Emt).irBO 613 

Embassies 731 

Ember  and  Rogation  Days 34 

Emery  Production 406 

Emigration,  Japan 393 


General  Index—Continued. 


PAGE 

Employ't  Agencies,  N.  Y.  City .  .893 
Enemy  Aliens,  Iowa 268 

"  Property 578 

Engineering 729 

English  Derby  Winners 461 

"  Mile 104 

"  Old,  Holidays 36 

"  Winning  Horae  Owners 481 

Episcopal  Bishops .'. .  .812 

Epochs,  Eras,  and  Periods 33 

•'  Beginning  of 33 

Erie  Canal 325,328,329 

Essen 613 

Estates,  Laws  of  Inheritance 548 

Esthonla 612 

Events  of  1918. . .  (see  Chronology) 

"  of  the  War 737 

Exchanges,  Manhattan 840 

Excise  Revenue,  New  York 834 

Exempt  Realty,  New  York 850 

Expenditures,  N.  Y  City 849 

"  States  in  U.  S 152-153 

Experience  Tables 822-823 

Explosions,  Boiler,  1868-1915 108 

Export  Trade  Law  (Webb) 575 

Exports.  U.  S 353-366 

Express  Companies  Combinert .  .  349 

Factory  Laws 562 

Failures,  Commercial 418-421 

"  In  Canada 420 

Families  in  U.  S.  Owning  Homes.  279 
Farm  Animals,  U.  S 261 

"  Crops,  Prices  of.  Etc 255 

*  Horses,  Average  Weight 360 

"  Wcallh,  U.  S 255,  256 

Farmers  Interest  Tables 109 

"  National  Congress 561 

Fast  Atlantic" Ocean  Passages..  .231 
Fatigue,  in  British  Munit.  Wka.  405 

"  Imports  and  Exports '^64 

Federation  American  Zionists ...  436 

Federal  Control  Act 579 

"  Farm  Loan  Bank 433 

"  Farm  Loan  Building  Law 574 

"  Reserve  Bkg.  Statistics. .  .432-434 

"  Trade  Commission 223 

Feldsnar  Prod 406 

Females,  21  Yrs.  and  Over.  U.  S  277 

Fencing 462 

Ferries,  New  York  City 354 

Finland 613 

Finnish  Republic 613 

Fire  Commissionera,  N.  Y 895 

"  Department,  N.  Y.  City 894 

"  Depts.,  Statistics  of 542 

"  Losses  in  United  States 423 

••  Losses,  N.  Y 895 

•  Losses,  New  York  City 895 

Fires,  in  National  Forests 423 

•'  In  United  States 792 

"    (See  Also  Chronology). 

Fisheries.  United  States 221 

Fixed  Stars 58 

Flag,  Americaa 635 

"  Desecration* 637. 

"  President's .- 636 

Flags,  Service 637 

Flaxseed  Products,  U.  S 245 

Floods    (See   Also    Chronology, 

and  Wrecks) 792 

Florida,  Aliens  (1915) 292 

"  Purchase 260 

Flour,  Imports  &  Exports. 363-4 ,366 

Flowers,  State 128 

Fluorspar  Products 406 

Foch,  on  How  to  Win 629 

Foch's    Recept'on    of    German 

Truce  Delegates > 681 

Fog,  Duration  Average 324 

•'  Season,  Dletrib\ition 323 

Food,  Administration 211 

"  for  a  Family 245 

•'  Production  Laws ,. 582 

Foods,  Digest,  and  Energ.  of 261 

"  Time  in  Stomach 254 

FootbaU 12,612 

Foreign  Coins,  Value  of 424 

"  Commerce,.  U.  8 352 

"  Diplomats  Dismissed  by  U.S.151 


PAGE 

Foreign  Money  Units 95 

"  Population  Cities  N.  Y 289 

"  Pop.  U.  S.,  Source  &  Growth. 277 

■'  Telegraph  Statistics 333 

"  Trade  Act 575 

"  Trade,  Belligerent  and  Neu- 
tral Coimtries 375 

"  Trade,  U.  S 352,366,375 

"  Weights  and  Measures 110 

"  White  Stock,  N.  Y.  State. .  .296 
"  White  Stock,  United  States. .  275 

"  WTiites,  U.  S.  Cities 272-274 

'•  and  Native  Pop.,  by  Ages, 

New  York 301 

Foreigners  in  U.  S 292-296,299 

Forests,  Fires  in 423 

Forgery,  Penalties 547 

Fourteen  Peace  Points 641 

Fractions  and  Decimals 107 

France 614 

■'  Bread  Rations 385 

"  Crops  and  Trade 385 

"  Destroyed  Industries 629 

"  Foreign  Trade 375 

"  National  Wealth .449 

"  Peace  Message  from  U.  S 652 

"  Population,  Fluctuation 385 

"  Silk  Products 367 

France's  Colonies 260 

Franco-Prussian  War 625 

Free  Trade,  Wilson  on 664 

Freedom  of  Seas 614 

Freezing  Point 96 

French  Mortar 623 

Revolution  Era 78 

Fruits,  Imports  and  Exports. .  .364 

Fryatt,  Captain fil4 

Fuel  Administration.  U.  S 216 

Futurity  Winners 477 

G 

Galicia 614 

GalllpoU 614 

Garden  Planting  Map 238,2<i0 

Gas,  Mustard 617 

Nat'l  Production 406 

Warfare 614 

Gasoline,  Exports  of 363,366 

■  Production 406,416 

Gat  un  Lake  Evap Ill 

Gelatin,  Imports  and  Exports . .  .364 

Gems,  Production,  U.  S 406 

General  Chronology,  Begins  on .  .764 

Generals  in  U.  S.  Army 700 

Geogr.ii)hic  Board 608 

Geography,  Progress  in 729 

Geological  Epochs,  Classlf .  of. .  .  68 

Geology,  Progress  in 739 

George.  Lloyd,  on  Peace 641 

German  Armistice  Terms 676 

(See  Also  Peace,  War.  Kaiser, 
Armistice). 

Capital  In  Russia 254 

Colonies 614 

Empire 614 

Nat'l  Appeal 675 

Peace  Ideas 656 

Peace  Pleas 664.668,670 

feace  Pleas,  Wilson  on 667 
hips  Surrendefed 710 

Germany  Asks  U.  S.  for  Food . .  .680 

"  Foreign  Trade ' -  .375 

"  Gets  Peace 674 

"  Kaiser  Agrees  to  Ref 673 

"  NaUonal  Wealth 449 

"  on  14  Peace  Points 642 

"  Peace  Offer  to  Belgium 663 

"  Trade 389 

Glacial  A„'e 68 

Glucose.  Exports 364 

Gold,  Imports  and  Exports 427 

"  Industrial  Consumption  of.  .427 

"  Prodtiction.  Canada 377 

"  Production,  U.  S 261,429 

'•  Value  and  Weight  of 428 

"  World's  Production  of.  .  .428.430 

Golf 485 

Good  Roads  In  U.  S 350 

"  Templars 83' 


PAGL 

Government,  N.  Y.  City 838 

"  N.  Y.  State 835 

"  of  U.  8.,  Roster 202 

"  Printing  Office 203,212 

Governor,  N.  Y.  Vote  for 183-185 

Governors,  States 12,152-153 

Grain  Measures lO-l.lOd 

Grand  Army  of  the  Republic ...  10 

"  Prix  de  Paris  Winners 462 

Grape  Sugar,  Exports 364 

Graphite,  Production 406 

Great  Britain's  Colonies 260 

"     Impts.  and  Expts .  381-382 

"     Nat.  Revenue 382 

"     Wealth 449 

Lakes,  Area  of 312 

Greco-Tiu-k  War 626 

Greece,  Peace  Mess,  from  U.  S.  .650 

Greek  Church  Calendar 35 

and  Roman  Wghts  and  Meas.  95 

Grindstones,  Production 406 

Guam 805 

Guatemala,  Impts.  and  Expts . .  .369 

Gums,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

Gymnastics 506 

Gypsum,  Production 406 

H 

Hack  Fares,  New  York  > 898 

Hague  Gom-t  of  Arbitration 703 

Hair,  Jm.ports  and  Exports 364 

Hail  of  Fame 855 

Halley's  Comet 52 

Handball 499 

Harness  Horse  Racing 481 

Hawaii . 805 

Imports  and  Exports. 369 

Hay,  Exports 364 

■  Production,  U.  S 245 

Heat,  Prod.  In  Manhattan 405 

Health  Department,  N.  Y.  City  .S40 

Holidaj-s,  Old  English 36 

Holland,  Trade 3,S7 

Hiiwnii,  Population  (1S17) 280 

Height  &  Wght.,  Men  &  Women .  105 

Helgoland 614 

Herzegovina 610 

Hides,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

High  Buildings.  New  York 857 

Tide  Tables,  New  York 62 

W.-vter  Tables,  Atlantic  Coast.  63 
Highways  in  U.  S 350 

■  Mileage,  New  York 350 

Hindenburg  Line 014 

Hippocrates'  Oath 806 

Hockey 469 

Hogs,  Impts.  and  Expts 364-365 

■  in  U.  S 262-254 

Holidays  in  U.  S 69 

of  World 70 

Holland,  Foreign  Trade 375 

Ships,  Seized 6'JO 

Ships  Taken  by  a.  S 322 

Vital  Statistics 260 

Homes,  N.  Y.  City 871-872 

Honor,  Roll  of 639 

Hops,  Exports 364 

Horse    Power    Energy.    Falling 

W.atcr 209 

"  Racing.  Begins  on 476 

"       Harness 482 

"      ■•"       Winnings 478 

"  Suri'lval  of 349 

Horses,  Farm,  Average  Weight .  .360 

Hospitals,  N.  Y.  City 872-873 

Hotel  Law 583 

House  of  Representatives. . .  194-196 

Housing  Laws 578 

Hudson  River  Ice  Harvest 312 

••      Opcn'g  &  Closing  .329 

Huipidity  of  Places.  U.  S 81 

Hungary,  Silk  Production 367 

"  National  Wealth 449 

Hurdling  Records 473 

I 

Ice  Harvest,  Hudson -, .  312 

Iceland,  Cost  of  IJving 371 

Illiteracy  la  U.  S 290 

lUiterates  In  U.  S 284 

Immigration  Statistics 154-161 

Imports.  U.  S 362-36Z 


6 


General  Index — Continued. 


PAGE 

Improved  Order,  Red  Men 184 

Incorporations,  New 420 

India  (British)  Impts.  &  Expta .  3S4 

"  Crops 384 

Indian  Commissioners 203 

Indians,  N.  Y.  State 29/ 

Indigo,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

Industj-ifll  Poisons 397 

"  PopiUation,  U.  S 263,264 

Industries,  Curtailment  of 632 

Infant  Death  Rate,  U.  S.  Cities  .303 

'*■  Mcrtality,  N.  Y 848 

Infantry , 614 

Influenza. 804 

Inheritance  Laws.  .' 548 

Insane,  Statistics  of 286-289 

Insects,  Damage  by 250 

Insurance  Statistics 820-823 

Interest  Tables 101,104, 109 

Interior  Department 203 

International  Law  and  Welfare 

of  Nations 583 

Internal  Revenue  Collectors.  . .  .214 

■■  Revenue  Receipts 234,236 

Interscholastic  Track  and  Field 
JE^GCords   •        •    •    •.•.•.>•...' 

Interstate  Commerce  Com 3.35 

Intestate  Personal  Estate,  Laws .  55.'5 

Inventions,  Noted 225 

Iron  Pillars,  Resistance  of 100 

"  Production,  U.  S 407-409 

Iowa,  Enemy  Aliens  in 268 

Islands,  Area  of 312 

Italia  Irredenta 614 

Italo-Tm-k  War G28 

Italy....... 615 

•'  Foreign  Trade , .  375 

"  Nationjil  Wealth 449 

"  Peace  Message  from  U.  S...  .652 

"  Silk  Production 367 

"  Trade  and  Finances ,  .386 

Italy's  C^olonies 260 


Japanese- American  Agreement.. 615 

"  Chinese  war 626 

"  Russian  War 627 

"  U.  S.  Action  in  Siberia 629 

Japan,  Foreign  Trade 3f 5 

■•  Silk  Exports 367 

"  Trade 391-393 

Jewish  Calendar 35 

"  Stattstics 302 

Jockej'S,  Winning 478,481 

Jugo-Slav  Congress. 615 

Jumping  Records 472 

Junkers 615 

Jury  Duty,  New  York 857 

Justice,  Dept.  of 203 

K 

Kaiser  A^ees  to  Reforms 672 

"   (See  Also  Germany,  Armis- 
;         tice,  and  Peace). 

Kaiser's  Abdication 703 

"  Peane  Offer 665 

."  "Shining  Sword"  Speech 628 

Kansas,  Aliens  (1915) 293 

Kerosene,  Exports  of 363,366 

Kiaochow .615 

Kieft,  City  of 615 

Killed,  U.  S.  Army 722 

Knights  of  Columbus 13 

"  Pythias 588 

"  Templar 699 

Knots  and  MUes 'i^ 

"Kul'ur" 615 


Labor  Bureaus,  State 806 

"  Day  Message,  Wilson'a 660 

"  Laws 562 

"  Recruiting,  Wilson  on 655 

"  U.  S.  Dept.  of 203 

Lafayette  Escadrille 615 

"  Statue 875 

Lake  Erie,  Opening  of 329 

Lakes,  Etc.,  Altitude,  N.Y.State  .114 

"  N.  Y,  State 312 

"  U.  S.  Altitude  of 115-123 

V.     :!    Area  of 312 


PAGE 

Land,  Cultivated,  of  Woria 359 

"Offices,  U.  S 317 

Lands,  Vacant,  PubUc 217 

Lansing  on  Prussianism 671 

Larceny,  Penalties ., .546 

Lard,  Exports  of 363,366 

Late  News 13 

Latin-American  Trade  with  TJ.  S  .370 
Latitude  and  Longitude  Tables . .  65 

Latonia  Derby  Winners 477 

Law  Schools 528 

La^vn  Tennis 507 

Laws,  Councils  of  Defense 582 

■  Federal  Control 579 

Internat'l  &  Welf.  of  Nations. 583 

New,  by  States 581 

New  Federal  and  State 574 

Newspaper  Contempt 584 

New  York  (1918) 831 

Overman 579 

Public  Contracts 582 

Lead  Poison 401 

Production 406 

League  lor  National  Unity 158 

Marine 616 

of  Nations,  Wilson  on 665 

Legations 731 

Legislature,  New  York 836 

Legislatures,  States 152 

Lemons,  Imports  and  Exports .  .  364 
Letter  Rates — (See  Postal  Inform.) 

Liberty  Loans 712 

Bond  Acts 574 

Librarian,  Congress 206 

Libraries,  N.  Y.  City 876 

License  Fees.  New  York 898 

Rules,  Fed.  Tr.  Com 224 

Licorice,  Imports  and  Exports.  .364 

Lifeboat  Requirements 233 

Life  Tables 822,823 

Lighthouses,  in  U.  S 306 

Light  Ships 307 

Lime  Production 406 

Lincoln  Memorial 916 

Lincoln's  Gettysburg  Speech 128 

Liquor  and  Tobacco  Tax  Rec'pts.235 

Liquors,  Consumption  of 237 

"  Imports  and  Exports.  .  .  .235,364 

Lithuanian  Republic 615 

Live  Stock  in  U.  S 252-255 

Livonia 612 

Loans,  Liberty 712 

War 710-712 

Logs,  Exports 364 

Longitude  Tables 65 

Lorraine 609 

Losses  in  Battles 699,709 

Louisiana  Purchase 260 

Lumber,  Imports  and  Exports.  .364 

Production 640 

Lusitania 616 

Luxembui'g 616 

M 

Machine  Gun  Co 616 

Magazines,  Statistics 813-818 

MagneSite  Production 406 

Magnetic  Declinations 53 

"  Poles 56 

Males  and  Females,  School  and 

Military  Age,  U.  S 278 

"  Military  Age,  Wyo 275 

"  U.  S.,  21  Years  and  Over 280 

••  Voting    and    Military    Age, 

S  Dak  . .    .     295 

"  Voting    and    Military    Age, 

N.  Y.  State 297 

Manchester  Ship  Canal 321 

Manganese  Ore  Production .  .  406,407 
Manila  Hemp  Impts.  &  Expts.  .364 

"  Population  (1911) 275 

Marathon  Races 505 

Marine  Corps 188,616,719 

Marine  League 616 

"  Mines 617 

Markets,  N.  Y.  City 893 

Marne 616 

Marriage  Laws 559 

Legal  Age , 561 

and  Divorce  in  U.  S 290 

Marriages,  N.  Y 834-848 

Married  Persons  in  U.  S 391 


PAGE 

Marshals,  U.  S 205 

Masonic  Grand  Lodges 732 

Massachusetts,  Aliens  (1916) 294 

Mayor  and  Ofllcers,  N.  Y.  City.  .838 

Mayors,  N.  Y.  City 835 

Mazurian  Lakes. C16 

Mf-an  Humidity  in  U.  S 81 

Meat  Production,  U.  S .2.52 

Meats,  Imports  and  Exports.  364,366 

Mechanical  Sohools 529 

Mediation  and  ConcUiation  Bd.  .214 
Medical  Department,  U.  S.  A  .  .610 

"  Schools 528 

"  Signs  and  Abbreviations 96 

Memc-able  Dates 76 

Men,  Height  and  Weight  of 105 

Merchant  Marine,  Losses 721 

"  Marine,  Requirements  for..  .212 

"  Marine,  U.  S '. .  .  321,720 

Merchants'  Association 916 

Mercury  PoLsoning 402 

Methodist  Bishops 811 

Metric  System 87-94 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art. .  .877 

Metz 616 

Meuso-Argonne  Battle 692 

Mexican  Cession 2S0 

Editors,  Wilson's  Talk  to 653 

Labor  in  U.  S 575 

OU  Lauds  Compl 655 

Mexico,  Imports  and  Exports ...  374 

Mica  Production 406 

Mile,  in  Various  Countries ]04 

Miles  and  Knots 95 

Military  Acad.,  U.  S 187 

■  Census,  N.  Y 298 

Order,  Loyal  Legion 661 

Sharpshooters  Chart 64 

Milk,  Cost  of  Production....  ■. .  .252 

Exports  of 363,366 

Mine  Sweepers 017 

Mineral  Production,  U.  S 406 

Products,  Canada ,  .,376 

Water  Production .'.  .406 

Mines,  Marine 617 

Ministers,  Dlplotnatic :  731 

Mint,  Superintendents 206 

U.  S.,  Coinage  of 426 

Mississippi  River  Commerce 301 

River,  Distances 315 

Mlssoiu-i  River,  Distances  on. .  .316 
Mitchel,  John   PmToy  (Mayor), 

Death,  Reception 633 

Modoc  UoriBing 625  ' 

Mohanunodan  Calendar 35 

Molasses,  Imports  and  Exports.  .364 

Monetary  System  of  U.  S 429 

Money  in  U.  S.  Treasury 218 

in  World '..711 

Monroe  Doctrine 136 

Monuments,  N.  Y.  City 875 

Mountains,  N.  Y.  State 113 

Moon,  The ■■  i 62 

Moon's  Phases,  1919 55 

Moonlight  Chart . . .». 51 

Moratorium  Laws 574,581 

Morning  and  Evening  Stars 33 

Morris  Plan 435 

Mortality  of  Wild  Animals 112 

Tables 822-823 

Mortar,  Trench 623, 

Mosquitoes 874 

Mother  Tongues,  XJ.  S.  Pop 283 

Motor  Boat  Racing 465 

Car  Laws 450-460 

Car     Speed      and.     F-'Jllng 

Bodies ; ..349 

Cycle  Racing *  .465 

Speedway  Table 4G3 

Vehicles,  No.  in  N.  Y 351 

Mottoes  of  States 199 

Mountains  in  U.  S.,  Height  of  .115-123 

Mules  in  U.  S 253,254 

Multiplication  &  Division  Tables  99 
Murder,  Punishment  of ....... .545 

Museum,  Art,  St.  I^ouis 197 

Museums,  N.  Y 877-879 

Mustard  Gas .■ 617 

Mutton,  Impta.  and  Expta.  .364-366 
Production.  U.  S 252 


General  Index — Continued. 


N 


National  Academy  Sciences 561 

"  Advisory  Com.  Aeronautics .  .828 
"  Army    (See  also  Army,  and 

U.S.  Army) .617 

•  Capitol,  Tlie 128 

"  Catholic  War  Council 11 

"  Council  Congrcg.  Churches .  .247 

"  Forests,  Fires  in 4?.'? 

••  Geographical  Society 223 

•'  Guard 617 

"  Poll  I  leal  Conventions 145 

"  Reserve 81J 

"  Society  Craftsmen 236 

■•  Statuary  Hall 63 

"  Wealth 449 

Argentina 371 

"  Women's  Trade  Un'i)  League.558 
■'  and   Foreign  Population,  U. 

S.  (per  cent.)..; 278 

Naturalization  I^aws 153 

•'  of  Aliens 'i78 

Naval  Acad.,  U.  S.. 187 

"  Achievements  (U.  S) 715 

"  Cadets,  Age  Lowered 578 

■■  L0S35S,  U.  S 717,721 

"  Lossjs,  British 821 

"  Mihtia 617,714 

■    Oflicers,  Customs  206 

"  Personnel 713 

•  "  Strength,  U.  S 713,714 

•'  War  College 617 

Navies  of  World 617,714 

Navy  Department 202 

••  Deaths  in 719 

'  Pay  in ,•  ■  ■•15 

Negro  <fe  For'n  Pop.  U.  S.  Cities .  .283 
Negroes  in  U.  S.  in  Occup.ationa .  .230 
Netherlands,  Foreign  Trade.  .  ,  .375 

'  Ships  TaKen  by  U.  S 322 

Newfoundland  Seal  Fishery,  1918 .260 

New  Incorporations 421 

"  Jersey  Aliens,  1915 295 

"  Yorii  Action  on  Amendments 

to  U.  S.  Constitution.  142 

'      "     AltltudeB 113 

••      "     and  London  St.  TrafSc .  316 

"      "     Automobiles  in 351 

"      •'     Bible  Society 417 

"     Botanical  Garden 878 

"      "     Canal  Data 325-328 

"      '  "     Tonnage 328 

"     Cities,  lor  Population .  .289 

"     City  Commerce 8G2 

"      "        "     County  Offices.  .  .842 

"      "        "     Government 838 

"      "        "     E,ailw.ay  Wages... 348 

••      "        "     State  Offices 854 

"     Congressional  Vote 29 

"     Counties,  Area  &  Pop .  .297 

"      "     County,  Registers 887 

"     li'oreign     and     Native 
Population,  by  Ages  .301 

••      "     Foreign  Whites 296 

••      "     Historical  Society 879 

•'      "     Hospitals  for  Insane..  .289 

"      "     Indians 297 

•'      "     Insane,  Alien 289 

•'      "         "       In    Institutions 

(1917)....  287,288 

"      "     Lakes 313 

"      '■•     Legislature 836 

"■     "     ■       "         Committees.  .29 
"      "     Males,  Voting  and  Mili- 
tary Age 297 

"      "     Mihtary  Census  (1917)..  298 

"      "     Iload  Mileage 350 

"  "  State,  Allcn.s  ill  Villages. 39;i 
"  "  Btale  Government . .  29,835 
"      "     Value  of  Buildings.  ..  .891 

"      "     City  Mission  Soc 805 

"      "      State  Legislation 831 

"      "  "      Museum 796 

•'  South  Wales,  Impts.  Expts.  .382 

•'  South  Wales  Population 379 

"  Zealand,  Impts,  Expts,  Cps.  .3'!4 
Newspaper  Contempt,  Law  on . .  5S 

"  Statistics S13-818 

Nicaragua,  Impts.  and  Expt« .  .  . 37' 


PAGE I  PAGE 

Nitroglvcerln 402 

Nobel  Peace  Prizes 32 

Norway.  Foreign  Trade 375 

Norwegian  Merchant  Marine.  .  .322 

Numbers,  Heciorocal  of 99 

Nursery  Stbciv,  Impl  s.  Ar  Expts .  .364 
Nuts,  Imports  and  Exports 364 


Oats,  Impts.  and  Expts.  .363-364,366 

••  Production,  U.  S 243,245 

Officers  Reserve  Corps 617 

Training  Camps 617 

in  Army 700 

Ohio  Prohibltien  Vote 142 

River,  Distances  on 315 

Suffrage  Vote 142 

Oil  Cake,  Exports ..364 

Lands,  Mexico 65o 

Old  English  Holidays. . , -. .  36 

Oleo,  Exports  of 363 

Olives^  Imports  and  Exports. . .  .  364 

Olympic  Winners 474 

One  Hundred  Years  Ago 78 

"  Week's  Food  for  a  Family  .  .  245 

"Open  Door"  Policy 617 

Opening  and  Closing,  Lake  Erie, 
Hudson  River  and  Erie  Canal .  329 

Oranges,  Exports v;  v;  •  \-  •  5?i 

Ordnance  Department,  U.  S.  A.  .617 

Oregon  Acquisition 260 

Organizations  (Misc. ) 53o 

Oswego  Canal 327 

Overman  Law 579 

Oxford-Cambridge  Races 466 

P 

Pacific  Mail  S.  S.  Anni- ersary.  .324 

Palestine boi'  cl, 

Panama  Canal ^'^•'•Sll 

Canal  Cession 260 

Imports  and  Exports 368 

Population  Canal  Zone 264 

R.  R.  3.  S.  Traffic 307 

Pan  American  Union 212 

Pan  Germanism 618 

Parcel  Post  (See  Postal  Inform  ) 

Parks,  N.  Y.  City 889-890 

Passport  Regulations 829 

Patent  Office  Law 225 

•■   Statistics,  U.  S 229 

Patriotic  Order  Sons  America  . .  ,  429 
Paupers  in  Almshouses,  U.  S-. . .  .  285 
Peace  (See  Also  Wilson,  and  War) 

"  Armistice  to  Austria 672 

"  "  "  Germany. .  .676 

"  "  "Turkey 672 

"  Austria  on  the  14  points 645 

"  Austria's  Plea^  Rejected.  .663,664 
Proposals.  ...662-3-4-8  9 

"  Day  of  Prayer  for 650 

"  Germany  on  the  14  Points..  .643 

"  German  Ideas  of 656 

•"  Granted  to  Germany 674 

"  Kaiser's  Offer 665 

"  Lloyd  George  on 641 

"  Plea  by  Germany.  . .  .664,668,670 

"  Turkey's  Plea 671 

"  U.  S.  Message  to  Belgium ...  652 

"        "  "      "  France.  . .  .61:2 

"   Greece.  .  .  .650 

"Italy .652 

"   Russia 648 

"  Wilson's  Appeal  for  Russia.  .663 

Force  to  Utmost" 

Speech 649 

"         "       4  point- 657 

"         "       14  Points 6! 

"        "       Red  Cross  Speech ...  651 

"         "       RcJ.  to  GcriTiP.ny 646 

"  Wilson  at  Tomb  of  Wash'ton  .657 

"         "       to  Congress 653 

'• ,)     ••        •'  Fanners'  C<)ugress647 

"  King  George 650 

Peat  Production 406 

Pennant  Winners . ; 494 

Pension  StatlsMrs,  XT.  S 232 

Pensions,  Civil  War 5/8 

"  Spanish  War 581 

"  War,  Canada 378 


Nicknames  of  "citlesT  .....' 529  Pensioners,  British 709 

Nlu'obenzol 402  Pentathlon  Events 485 


PAGE 

Periodicals,  Statistics  of 813-818 

Periods,  Beginning  of 33 

Perjury,  Penalties 547 

Pershing's  Story  ot  Our  Army 

in  France. 689 

Petrograd 618 

Petroleum -.AiiVii 

"  Production .406,416 

Phenomenal  Astronom  (1919) 54 

Philippine  Cession 260 

Imports  and  Exports ..368 

Insurrection bdb-bil 

Weights  and  Measures 96 

Philippines,  the 80o 

Phosphate  Rock  Product 406 

Phosphorus 403 

Piave,  River bio 

Picric  Acid 404 

Piers,  N.  Y.  City 899 

Pig  Iron  Product  ..-•.•• 407 

"       World 2d9 

Pine,  Etc.,  Product  of 640 

Pipes,  Area  and  Content 100 

"  and  Cylinders,  Contents  of.  .100 

Pistol  Shooting 512 

'  'Place  in  Sun" 618 

Planetary  Couflgs  (1919) a„v„5? 

Planting  Dates 238-241 

Plants,  in  CatskiUs ••"■§§; 

"  Regeneration  of 634 

Platinum  Product 40b 

Plow  Lands,  Value  of 256 

Poilu" ■••Sis 

Poisons   Industrial. 397 

Poland 61° 

Pole  Star 58 

Poles,  Magnetic 5b 

Police,  New  York 897 

"  Traffic  Rules,  N.  Y.  City.. .  .896 

Polish  People 618 

Political  Assassinations i-   l?] 

Leaders,  N.  Y.  City 863-864 

National  Conventions 145 

Pool 499 

Population  (Alien)  Boston  (1915)294 

"     Florida  (1915 292 

"     Kansas  (1915) 293 

"     Mass.  (1915) 294 

"     New  Jersey  (1915)  .295, 
"     N.  Y.  Cities  (1915)!. 296 

"     S.  Dak.   (1915) 295 

"     Wyoming  (1915) 295 

Centre  of  U.S ..139 

China 263,394 

Cuban  Cities .264 

Females  21  and  Over,  U.  S. . .  277 

Foreign,  N.  Y.  Cities 296 

'•     WMte  Stock,  N.Y. 296 
"    and  Native  by  Ages, 

New  York 301 

"     White  Stock,  U.  S.  .275 

France 385 

Hawaii  (1917) 280 

Indians,  N.  Y.  State •  ■ -297 

In  Industries,  U.  S 263-264 

Jewish,  U.  S.,  Etc 302 

Japan 39^ 

Manila  (1914) ...275 

New  York  City 847,843 

Places     of     5,000     or     More 

US  265-268 

Rank  of  States  in  U.  S . . ...  .269 

States  (1910)  Sex,  Col.,  Natlv  270 
10  Yrs.  and-Over,  in  Occup., 

U.S 276 

United  States,  1790-1918 261 

U.   S.  BUnd 283 

"  by  Mother  Tongue.s.  .283 
"     Cities,  Negro  &  For .  .  282 

"     Density  of ■• 271 

"  Dwell'gs&  Fam.llles.  .279 
"  Famil's  Own'g  Homes  279 
"     For.  Source  Growth.  .277 

"     Illiterates 284 

"     Insane  (1917) ....... .286 

"  Insane  in  Hospitals. .  .286 
"     Insane  in   Inst,   with 

p.  c.   (1890-1917) 287 

Insane  InN.Y.State  (1917)  287-288 
U.  S.   Males    and    Females, 
School  and  Military  Age. 278 


8 


General  Index — Continued. 


PAGE 

Population,  U.  S.,  Males  21  Yrs. 

and  Over 280 

••     "     Native*  For'n  (p.  c.)... 278 
"     "    Negroes  In  Occupation. . .  280 

*•    "    Urban  and  Rural 284 

"     "     White  and  Negro 281 

"  XJ.  of  So.  Africa  (1918) 293 

"  Vi-?ln  Islands 395 

"  M     te.  For.  Stock.  U.  S 271 

"  'W'..  ..es,  Foreign  Stock,  U.  S. 

Cities 272-274 

"  and  Area,  All  Countries.  .257,259 

Pork,  Exports  of 363,366 

"  Product.  U.  S 252 

Porto  Rico,  Imports  and  Exports  369 
"     Prod.  &  Exports .  358,805 

Ports  of  U.  S.,  tonnage 352 

"  of  the  World 258 

"  U.  S.,  Traffic 322 

Portugal .  Foreign  Trade 375 

Postal  Information 25 

Post  Office.  Brooklyn 893 

"     Department.  U.  S 203 

•'     N.  Y.  City 892 

Postal  Information 25 

•'  Statistics,  U.  S 230 

Postmasters  of  Cities 206 

Potash  Product,  Germany 389 

V.S 406 

Potato  Product.  U.  S. .  .243,245,255 

Potatoes,  Exports 364 

President,  the  (See  Wilson). 

"  and  Foreign  Relations 618 

"  Biographies  oJ 137 

"Salary 135 

"  Wives  of 138 

President's  Flag 636 

Presidential  ElectlouB 140-141 

"   Vole  (1856-1916) 146-150 

Prices  of  Farm  Crops 255 

"  Wholesale.: 819 

Prince  Max  on  "Despotic  Cus- 
toms"   670 

Printing  and  Pub.  Statistics .  .813-818 

Prisoners,  American 682 

"  Exchange  of 711 

"  In  Institutions,  U.  S 285 

Prix  de  Paris  Winners 462 

Prize  Courts 6^8 

Professional  World  Records 473 

Progress  of  United  States 261 

Prohibition  National  Com 197 

"  "W^t"  and  "Dry"  States 31 

"  Vote,  Ohio 142 

Promissory  Notes 556 

Property,  Enemy 578 

Prunes,  Exports 364 

Prusslanlsm,  Lansing  on 671 

Public  Contracts  Law 582 

"  Service  Commissions 210 

Publishing,  Statistics  of 813-818 

Pulitzer    Prizes  and    Travelling 

Scholarships 5,13 

"  Scholarships 513 

Pulp  Wood,  Impts.  and  Expts.  .364 

Pumice  Product 406 

Purchasing  Agents,  U.  S.  Govt  .213 
Pyrite  Production 406 


Quahflcation  for  Voting .200 

Quartermaster's  Corps 618 

Quartz  Production 406 


PAGE 

Kailroada,  Finances  of 336 

"  Hours  of  Duty 345 

"  InU.  S 261 

•'  Killed  and  Injured 341 

"  MaU  Service 231 

■•  Mileage. 338 

"  Number  of  Cars 341 

"  of  World 259,349 

"  Receiversuips 340 

"  Report   of   8-Hour   Commls-  • 

Sion  with  Stutistica 344 

"  Rev.  &  Expts.  1917 340,342-343 

"  Securities  Issued 339 

"  South  African 348 

"  Taken  by  U.  S 641 

"  Taxes  and  Assessments 337 

"  Traffic S36-338 

"  Train  Accidents 341 

"       "     Speeds  and  Delays. ..  .345 

"  U.  S.  Advances  to 347 

"  Wage  Increases 335 

"  Wages,  by  Classes 344 

"  Wages  in  New  York 348 

Rainfall,  Foreign  Cities 81 

New  York 84 

United  States 82 

Raisins,  Exports 364 

Rape,  Punishment  of 545 

Ratio,  Silver  to  Gold 425 

Ready  Reference  Calendar 38 

Realty,  Exempt,  New  York.  .  .  .850 
Receipts  &  Disburse'ts,  U.  S.  .218,251 

Reciprocals  of  Numbers 99 

Reclamation  Service 232 

Red  Cross,  American 417 

British 675 

Emblem 633 

"  River,  Distances  on 316 

Regiment,  A,  In  U.  S.  Army 619 

Registers,  N.  Y.  County 887 

Regular  Army  Reserve 619 

"      United  States  —  619 

Relay  Baces 473 

Religious  Educat.  Associations. .  146 

"  Statistics 807-812 

Republic  of  Czechoslovak!^ 12 

Republican  Nat'l  Committee ....  198 
"     Conventions, 

1908-1912-1916.. 145 

State  Committee 198 

Reserve,  Service 621 

Revolver  Shooting 512 

Rheims 619 

Rice,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

Production,  U.  S 245 

Ritualistic  Calendar 35 

Rivers,  American 313 

"  Foreign 314 

Road  Mileage,  New  York 350 

Roads,  Good,  in  U.  S 350 

Robbery,  Penalties 546 

Rocky  Mountain  Altitudes . .  .115-123 

Rogation  Days 34 

Roll  of  Honor 639 

Roman  and  Arabic  Numerals.  .  .104 

"  Catholic  Statistics 808-8.1 

Roofs  and  Heat  Transmission ...  107 

Roots,  Square  and  Cube 102 

Roque 502 

Rosm,  Exports 364 

Rouraania .S19 

"  National  Wealth ;  .447 

"  United  States  to  Aid 675 

QuickBilvrr  Production 406|Rowing  Records 466 

Royal  Arcanum 841 


Race  Horses,  Prices  for 480 

Racquets vv^  •  -^5 

RaiUroad  Administration,  U.  S.  .207 

"  control  Act 576 

"  Dev61opment,  Africa 334 

"  Stations,  N.  Y.  City 870 

"  Telegraph  and  Postal  Statis- 
tics of  Nations 332 


Rubber,  Imports  and  Exports .  364 
•■  Production,  Burmah 384 

Running  Records 472 

Russia 619 

'■  Foreign  Trade 375 

"  National  Wealth 449 

"  U.  S.  Message  to 649 

"  Wilson's  Appeal  for 663 

Russian  Calendar 35 


Ties,  Exports 364  Russia's  Debts  Repudiated 620 


Train  Speed.  .  ., 305 

"  and  Public  Service  Commis'n.2I0 

"  Wrecks 792 

Railroads,  Alaska 348 

■  Carry  5,000.000  Soldlera 337 


Empire,  Area  and  Pop 257 

Revolution 619 

Holidays 74 

Trade 388 

Secret  TrpaMcs 620 


••  Dividends 339  Russo-Japanese  War . 


.627 


PAGE 

Rye,  Impts.  &  Expts 363-364,366 

"  Production,  U.  S 243,245 

S 

Sabbath,  Wilson  on 647 

Sabotage 577.  621 

Sailors,  State  Aid  to 582 

Voting  Law 582 

St.  Louis,  City  Art  Museum ....  197 

St.  Mihlel,  Battle 691 

Salary  of  President 135 

Salt  Production 406 

Salvador,  Impts.  and  Expts 370 

Salvation  Army 727 

Sand  Production 406 

Saratoga  Cup  Races 476 

Handicap 475 

Special  Winners 477 

Sault  Ste  Marie  Canal 261 

Sausage,  Erports 364 

Savings  Banks,  N.  Y.  City 853 

Scholarships,  Puhtzer 513 

Schools,  Arrlcultui'al 529 

■  Law 528 

Mechanical 529 

Medical 528 

N.  Y.  City 900-904 

of  Theology 525 

School  Children.  War's  ESect  on.900 

Scientific  Progress • 728 

Scrap  of  Paper" 621 

Sea  Coast  Lights 308-311 

Seas,  Freedom  of 614 

Seal  Fishery  of  Newfoundland, 

1918 260 

Seasons 33 

Secret  Service,  U.  S 212 

Seditious  Publications 577 

Seed  Measures 106 

Planting  Dates 238-241 

Imports  and  Exports 364 

Selective  Draft  Data 603-607 

Draft  Numbers 592-603 

Service 621 

Senate,  U.  S 193 

Senators  Elected,  1910 186 

Seneca  Canal 327 

Serbia,  National  Wealth 449 

Serbian-Turk  \V  ar 626 

Serbian  War  Mission 621 

Serbo-Bulgar  War 626 

Service  Flags 637 

Reserve 62; 

Seven-Weeks  War 621 

Sex,  Colored  Native  Population 

U.  S 270 

Sharpshooter's  Chart 64 

Sheep  in  U.  S 252-255 

Imports  and  Exports ....  364-365 
Shellac,  Imports  and  Exports. .  .364 

Shells 622 

Sherman  Law 224 

Ship  Tonnage  of  World 375 

Shipbuilding  Terms 304 

Shipping,  American 321 

■  (See  Also  Merchant  Marine) . . 

Board  Act 580 

Losses,  in  War 721,722 

Shipments,  U.  S 312 

Shooks,  Exports 364 

Siam,  Imports  and  Exports 383 

Sickness  Among  Humans 380 

Cost  of 12 

Signal  Corps 622 

Signers,  Declaration  of  Indep. .  .126 

Signs  of  Zodiac 61 

Silica,  Production 406 

Silk,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

Production,  Japan 391 

Statistics 367 

Silos,  Capacity,  Etc 107 

Silver,  Bullion  Value 426 

Imports  and  Exports 427 

Industrial  Consumption  of  ...427 

Melting  Law ,575 

Price  of 425 

Production 406 

Production,  Canada 376 

Production,  U.  S 429 

Ratio  of  Value 425 

World's  Product-ion  of.  .  .428,430 
Single  Persons  In  U.  S 291 


General  Index — Continued. 


9 


PAGE 

Sinn  Fein 022 

Sioux  Uprising 62a 

SlaaL  Imports  and  Exports 364 

Six-Day  Bicycle  Race •  12 

Skating  Records 470 

Slate,  Production 406 

Slavonic  Races 622 

Slavs 622 

Sleep,  Pliyslology  of 94 

Smittisonian  Institution 222 

Snowfall,  N.  Y 85 

Sobriquets  of  Cities 529 

Soccer  Football 505 

Socialist  Labor  Party 19V 

•'  Party  Executive  Committee.  198 

Societies  (Miscellaneous) 535 

Society,  Army  and  Navy  Con- 
federate States 233 

Solar  System,  Elements  of 54 

Soldiers  Homes 608 

■■  State  Aid  to 582 

"  Voting  Law 582 

Solomon  Islands 622 

Sons.  American  Revolution 244 

••  of  the  Revolution,  N.  Y 671 

"   "  American  Revolution 663 

•'   "  Temperance 230 

South  African  Railways 348 

"      War 627 

"  America,  Races 263 

"  American  Altitudes 123 

•'  Commerce,  Congress 233 

Sound,  Velocity  of 320 

Spain,  Foreign  Trade 375 

'    Imports  and  Exports 378 

••  Silk  Production 367 

"  Trade  and  Finance 390 

Spanish  Land  Measure 96 

••  War  Pensions 581 

Speakers,  House  of  Rep 215 

Specific  Gravity  of  Substances.  .  98 

Speedway  Records 46: 

^'  Table 462 

"  Times 461 

States,  Statistics  of 152 

Steel  Production,  U.  S 407-410 

Spices,  Imports  and  Expoits 364 

Spirits,  Production  of 235 

Sports.  Begin  on 461 

^'  Late ; 12 

Square  and  Cube  Roots 102 

Squash 482 

Staff,  U.  S.  A 622 

Standard  Time 34 

Star,  Pole 58 

"  Tables 58 

"  The  New 

Stars,  Morning  and  Evening 33 

Starch,  Exports ;■„••„••■  -Hi 

State  Aid  to  Soldiers  and  Sailors  .582 

"  Councils  of  Defense  Law 582 

"  Department 202 

"  Flowers 128 

"  Mottoes 199 

"  Offices.  N.  Y.  City 854 

States,  Governors  of 12,152 

"  In  U.  S.,  Population  Rank, 

1790-1910 269 

"  Population  (1910),  Sex,  Color- 
ed Natives 270 

"  Statistics  of 152 

"  Voting  Qualifications  in 200 

Statuary  Hall,  Washington 63 

Statues,  N.  Y.  City 875 

Steam,  Temperature  of ........  103 

Steamboat,  Distances 315 

"  Inspection  Service 233 

Steamship  Records 231 

Steel  Production,  U.  S 410 

Street  Accidents 847 

'•  Numbers.  N.  Y.  City 893 

"  Traffic,  N.  Y.  and  London. .316 
Stock  and  Bond  Quotations.  .442-448 
Stocks,  Dealt  in  on  Exchange. .  .417 

Stone,  Production 406 

Storm  Warnings 80 

Straits  Settlement,  Population .  .  379 
Strlkeid,  Warned  by  Wilson.  .  ■  .660 
Submarine  Cables  of  World 331 


P.\GB 

Suburban  Handicap 476 

Subways,  N.  Y 868 

••  N.  Y.  City , 

Suez  Canal  Traffic 324 

Suffrage,    Indiana   Court  Deci- 
sion    144 

Vote,  Ohio 142 

Vote,  New  York 186 

Sugar  Consumption,  U.  S 261 

Imports  and  Exports 36-1 

Statistics :;48,24'.i 

Sulphuric  Acid 404-406 

Sunday  School  Statistics.  . .  .807-81 

Sun,  Eclipse  of,  1919 5 

Sun's  Right  Ascen.  and  Decline .  95 

Semi-Diameter .  .• 61 

Super-dreadnought 623 

Suocrior  Court,  U.  S 204 

Surf  Casting 502 

Surveyors,  Customs 206 

Sweden,  Foreign  Trade 375 

Holidays 75 

Trade. 390 

Sweet  Potato  Production,  U.  S. .  245 

Swimming 508 

Swine,  Imports  and  Exports. 364-365 

Swiss  Military  System 622 

Switzerland,  Foreign  Trade 375 


PAGE 

Treasury,  Assistant  U.  S 206 

Departiueia 202 

U.  S.,  Money  in 218 

Trees,  Distance  to  Plant 106 

Regeneration  of 634 

Trench  Warfare 623 

Triple  Alliance 623 

Entente 623 

Trolleys  in  U.  S 346 

Troops  in  U.  S.  Wais 709 

Trotting  Records 481 

True-name  Law 583 

Trust  Companies,  N.  Y.  City . .  .  853 

Tunnels,  N.  Y.  City 856 

of  World 94 

Turco-Balkau  War 628 

Greek  War 626 

Italian  War 628 

Serb  War 626 

Turf  Records,  Begin  on 475 

Turkey,  Armistice  Terms 672 

National  Wealth 449 

Peace  Plea 671 

Trade 390 

Turkish  Armistice 674 

Turpentine  Exports 364 

Tutuila 805 

Twilight  Sleep  Association 916 

Tanning  Materials,  Imports  and 
Exports 364 


Table  of  Days  Bet.  Two  Dates. .  37 

Talc  Product 406 

Tanks 623 

Tar 405 

Exports 364 

Tasmania,  Crops 383 

Tax,  Liheritance  Laws 548-556 

Levies,  N.  Y.  City 850 

Taxation,  N.  Y.  State 834 

Taxes,  French 385 

Tea,  Imports  and  Exports 364 

"  Statistics 250 

Telegraph  Rates  from  N.  Y 330 

■•  Statistics,  Foreign 333 

Telephone  Development,  Cities.  333 

■  How  worked 332 

Revenue  and  Expenses 334 

Telegraph,  Taken  by  U.  S 583 

Telescopes 69 

Teniperature    and    Rainfall    for 

Cities 81 

Temperature  and  Rainfall,  U.  S.  82 

Tensile  Strength  of  Material 103 

Terrain 623 

Terrestrial  Temperature  and  At- 
mospheric Absorption 634 

Texas,  Cession 260 

"  Land  Measures 96 

Theatres,  N.  Y.  City 860 

Theological  Schools 525 

Theosophical  Society 32 

Thermometers 82 

Tide  Tables,  N.  Y 62-63 

Timber,  Exports 364 

Time,  Difference 36 

■  Divisions  of 34 

Standard 34 

Tin,  Production 406,409 

Titles  and  Degrees  (Abbrev.  for)305 

Tobacco,  French  Prod 385 

"  Exports  and  Imports. .' 364 

"  Habit 86 

"  Hints 240 

"  Product.  U.  S 244,245 

"Tommy" 61'3 

Tonnage,  Vessel,  of  World.  .259,375 

N.  Y.  Canals 328 

U.  S.  Ports ....332 

Torpedo 623 

"  Boats 623 

Track  and  Field  Athletics 503 

Trade  Mark  Registration 226 

N.  Y.  City 862 

Traffic  R-ules,  N.  Y.  City 896 

Train  Speeds 305 

and  Delaj'S 345 

Training  Camps,  Offlcera 617 

Transposed  Numbers 1U6 

Trap  Shooting 499 

In  Hudson..  .  .633|Trea8on. 623 

Warfivre,....,, 622,72^  "  Penalties...,.,,.,  r-r 545 


U 

tTkrainia 623 

Uniforms,  Who  May  Wear 6.f9 

Union  Course  Civic  Assoc 916 

of  So.  Africa,  Area  and  Popu- 

tion    257,293,379 

of  So.  Africa,  Commerce.  . .  .384 

United  Kingdom.  For.  Trade.  .  .  375 

Imports     and 

Exports  .381-38)^ 

.  Nat.   Wealth. 449 

Spanish  War  Veterans 215 

United  States:  (See  Also  Separ- 
ate Boards,  Bep'ts.,  Army, 
Exped.  Forces,  Navy,  Cabr 
Inets,  Etc.). 

"  Area  and  Population 257 

'•  Army  Operat'ns,  France.  .695,'i 25 
"  Board  MediationConciliat'n. 214 
"  Civil  Employees  Conp.,  Pay .222 

"  Coast  Line 79 

"  Coast  Line  Guard 188 

••  Constitution 129 

"  Constitution  (Amendments).  133 

"  Courts 204 

••  Debt 219,261 

••  Exports 353-366 

•'  Fine  Arts  Commission 222 

"  Foreign  Trade 352,360,375 

"  Gov't.  Offices,  N.  Y.  City.  .  .841 

"  Imports 352-367 

"  Jap  Action  in  Siberia 629 

"  Marine  Corps 188 

•'  Military  Academy 187 

'•  Mineral  Product 406 

"  Monetary  System 429 

"  Naval  Academy 187 

'•  National  Wealth 261,449 

"  Population,  1790-1918 262 

■;  Ports,  Traffic 322,352 

"  Printing  Office 203,212 

"  Progress  of 261 

"  Receipts  and  Disb 218,261 

"  Roster 202 

"  Territorial  Expenses 260 

"  Wars 708 

Univei-sities  and  Colleges 514 

Uruguay,  Imports  and  Exports.  .370 
Usury,  Penalties 547 


Vacant  Public  Lands 217 

Value  of  Foreign  Coins 424 

Values,  Assessed,  N.  Y 849,850 

Vanderbilt  Cup  Records.  . ; 464 

Vegetables,  Impts.  and  Expts.  ..364 

"  Time  in  Growing 242 

Velocity  of  Sound 320 

"  of  Winds 80 


10 


General  Index — Continued. 


PAGE 

Venezuela,  Impts.  and  Expts ...  374 

Venice 624 

Verdun 624 

Vessel   Production,   U.   S.    (See 
Also  Merch.  Marine) .  .261,321 

"  Tonnage  ol  World 259 

Virgin  Islands,  Cession 260 

Census,  Etc 395 

Visibility  at  Sea 306 

Vocational  Education,  Fed.  Bd.  .215 

"  Rehabilitation 581 

Volcanoes  of  World U4 

Volunteers  of  America 730 

Vote,  Electoral,  by  Parties  and 

-  States 143 

Votes,  Electoral,  1856-1916 140 

.       ••    by  States,  1888-1916.144 
"  Presidential  (1856-1916) .  .  .  146-150 
Voting    Law    lor    Soldiers    and 

Sailors./ 582 

"  Oualiflcations.. 200 

W 

Wage  Tables 97-98 

Wages,  New  York 833 

Wake 805 

Walking  Records 472 

War  (See  Also  Peace  and  Wilson) 

"  Appropriations,  Canada 378 

"  Articles  of 609 

"  Chronology,  Begins  on 737 

"  Close  of.  Announced  to  Con- 
gress  676 

"  College,  Naval 617 

"  Cost  of 708,711,712 

"  Cyclopedia 609-624 

"  Debt.  Canada.. 378 

"  Declarations  of 707 

"  Great  Britain 382 

"  Department 202 

"  Effect  on  School  Children 900 

"  Fin.  Corp.  Act 575 

"  Industries  Board 216 

"  Labor  Board 828 

"  Loans 710,711 

"  Pensions.  Canada 378 

"  Risk  Insurance 581.707 

"  Taxes,  French 385 

Wai-s  of  Last  Half  Century . . .  625-628 

"  of  United  States 708,709 

Washington's  Farewell  Address.  127 

Waterfalls,  Famous 128 

•'  in  U.  S.,  Altitude  of 115-123 

Water  Measures , 103 

'•  Supply,  N.  Y.  City 880 

Wealth,  National 449: 

Weather  Flags 79 

'•  How  to  Foretell 82 

••  Records,  N.  Y.  City 83-86 

Webb  Act 575 

Wedding  Anniversaries Ill 

'Wcf  and  "Dry"  States 31 

What  Americans  Drink 237 


PAGE 

What  New  York  Eats  in  X  Year.  851 

Wlieat  Harvest  Seasons 239 

"  Imports  and  Exports .  .363-364,366 

"  Measures 104,106 

"  Product,  U.  S 243,245 

Weights  and  Measures,  British  .  96 

"  and  Measures,  Foreign 110 

"  and  Measures,  U.  S 96 

"  and  Measures  (Metric)..  .  .87-94 

"  and  Measures,  Philippines  .  .  96 

Where    Our    Soldiers    Were    in 

France 700 

Whiskey,  Statistics 237 

Why  Busses  Kill  People 861 

Wines,  Consumption  of 237 

White  House  Rules 151 

"  Pop.  For.  Stock,  U.  S 271 

"  and  Negro  Pop.,  U.  S :  .  .281 

Whites,  Foreign,  U.  S.  Cities .  272-274 

"  U.  of  So.  Africa 293 

Wholesale  Prices 819 

Wlio's  Who  in  the  War 16 

Widowed  Persons  in  U.  S 291 

Wills,  How  Drawn 558 

Wilson  (See  Also  Peace  and  War) 
"  Address  to  U.   S.   Army    in 

■    France 30 

"  Appeals  to  Neutrals  to  Pacify 

Russia 663 

"  Announces  Close  of  War . .  •  ■  676 
"  Announces  Trip  to  Europe.  .082 
"  Answers  peace  Pleas, 

663-4,667-8,670 

"  Arrives  at  Brest 723 

"  Arrives  at  Paris 723 

"  Asks  for  Dem.  Congress 665 

"  Christmas     Measage      from 

France 31 

"  Draft  Proclamation 659 

"  Ends  Beer  Brewing 660 

"  Farewell  Before  Sailing 683 

Five-Points  Speech 665 

"  "Force  to  Utmost"  Speech.  .649 

"  Four  Minute  Message 658 

"  Four  Points  of  Peace 657 

"  Fourteen  Peace  Points 641 

"  July  4  Greeting  to  Allies 658 

"  Labor  Day  Message 660 

"  Leaves  for  Europe .687 

"  Message  to  France 6o2 

"  Message  to  Italy 652 

"  Message  to  Russia 648 

"  Mrs.  to  American  Women.  .658 

"  on  Free  Trade 664 

"  on  German  Peace  Plea 667 

"  on  Labor  Recruiting 655 

"  on  League  of  Nations 665 

"  on  Mob  Violence 659 

"  on   Sabbath 647 

"  on    Suffrage 655 

"  Pardons  Soldier 650 

"  on  Thrift 653 

"  Peace  Message  to  Belgium .  .  652 


PAGE 

Wilson  Proclam.,  Day  of  Prayer .650 

"  Red  Cross  Speech 651 

"  Speeches  at  Paris 11,724 

"  Takes  Over  Railroads 641 

"  Takes  Telegraph  Control. .  .583 

"  to  A.  F.  of  L 655 

"  to  American  Labor  Alliance. 655 

"  to  Congress  on  Taxes 653 

"  to  Farmers'  Congress 647 

"  to  King  Albert 659,682 

"  to  King  George 650 

"  to  Mexican  Editors 653 

"  to  Poincare 665,659 

"  Rejects  Austria's  Pleas.  .663-664 

"  Rejoinder  to  Germany 646 

"  Speech  at  Wash.  Tomb 657 

"  Urges  Suffrage  on  Senate. .  .669 
"  Warns  Strikers 660 

Wine,  French  Product 385 

Winds,  Velocity  of SO 

"With    Iron    Fist    and    Shining 
Sword" 628 

Woman  Suffrage,  Ind.  Ct.  Decis.i44 
"  Suffrage,  .New  York  Vote. ...186 

"  Suffrage,  Ohio  Vote 142 

"  Suffrage,  Wilson  on 6."i5 

"  Suffrage,  Wilson  to  Senate.  .669 

Wood  Alcohol , 102 

"  Products,  Impts.  &  Expts.  .  .364 

"  Pulp,  Impts.  &  Expts 364 

"  Pulp  Product,  Canada 377 

Wool,  Impts.  &  Expts 364 

"  Statistics 217 

Work  or  Fight  Laws .582 

Workmen's  Ins.,  N.  Y.,  Fund.  .  .219 
"  Compensation  Laws 565 

World  Peace  Association 417 

World's  The,  Achievements  of  in 
1918 17 

World's  Athletic  Records 472 

"  Ship  Tonnage 375 

Wrecl'^    (See    Also    Chronology 
Fires,  Floods) 792 

Wrecks  at  Sea 314 

"  Codfish  Vessels 251 

Wrestling 490 

Wyoming,  AUens  (1915) 295 

Y 

Yachting 468 

Yale-Harvard  Races ■. .  .466 

Year,  Ancient  and  Modern 34 

Yosemite  Gorge 57 

"   Waterfalls 128 

Young  Men's  Hebrew  Assoc. . .  .890 

Z 

Zeppelins 624 

Zinc,  Production 406,407 

Zionist  Organization  of  America. 722 

Zodiac 61 

Zoological  Gardens  of  World  — 112 
Zulu  War 626 


CE^AND    ARMY    OF    THE    REPUBLIC. 

Headquarters — Lincoln,  Neb. 
Commaiider-iw-CMc/— Clarendon  E.  Adams,   Omaha,  Neb.     Senior   Vice-C(mmaiider-jn-CMef-—J.   G. 
Chambers,  Portland,  Ore.    Junior  Vice-Coinmander-in-Chief—Cha.v\es  H.  Haber,  National  Spldlers   Home, 
Va,.    SurgeorirGeneral—C.  M.  Ferrin,  Essex  Junction,  Vt.    ChaplainAn-Chief— Fillip  A.  NordeU,  Brookline. 

^^^'  OFFICIAL  STAFF.  ,     >,  ,     ^    „     c<       .        t>   . 

AdjutarU^Generalr-A.  M.  Trimble,  Lincoln,  Neb.  Ouariermaster-Generalr~Go\s.  D.  R.  Stowits,  Buf- 
falo, N.  Y.  Judge-Advocai^General— Thomas  S.  Hopkins,  Washington,  D.  C.  Inspector-General— Thomaa 
H  Brown,  Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.  National  Patriotic  Instructor— George  D.  Kellogg,  Newcastle,  Gal.  Assistant 
4.diiaaTU-General^GeoTge  A.  Newman,  Des- Moines,  la.  Assistant  Quartermaster-General  and  Custodian  of 
Records— 3.  Henry  Holcomb,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  .  Chief  of  Staff— George  A.  Hosley,  Boston,  Mass.  Senior 
iide-de-Camp— Joseph  Teeter,  McCook.  Neb. 

The  number  of  Grand  Army  posts  January  1,  1918,  was  4,863.  Losses  by  death  during  the  year  ended 
DeqemberSl,  1917,  were  11,553.  The  first  post  was  organized  at  Decatur,  111.,  April  6,1866.  "The  first  Nar 
,ional  Encampment  was  held  at  Indianapolis,  November  20,  1866.,   Expended  in  relief  (1917),  .S55,824. 

Membership,  by  States — Alabama,  60:  Arizona,  75;  Arkansas,  163;  California  and  Nevada,  5j_050; 


/ania,  12,670;  Potomac,  963;  Rhode  Island,  796;  South  Dakota,  708;  Tennessee,  652;  "Texas,  283;  Utah, 
>Ai-  Vermont,  l,40.i;  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  303;  Washington  and  Alaska,  2,215;  West  Virginia, 
?38:  Wisconsin,  3,588.    Total  in  United  States,  120,916. 


National  Catholic  War  Council.  11 

WILSON'S    SEC0^30    SPEECH    AT    PARIS,  DECEMBER    16,1918. 

President  Wilson,  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville,  Paris,  December  16,  1918,  spake  as  follows  during  the  cere- 
mony of  tlie  presentation  to  him  of  the  freedom  of  the  city  and  the  gold  medal  of  the  municipality: 

"Your  greeting  has  raised  many  emotions  witldn  me.  It  is  with  no  ordinary  sympathy  that  the  people 
of  the  United  States,  for  whom  I  have  the  privilege  of  speaking,  have  viewed  the  sufferings  of  the  people 
of  France.  I\lany  of  our  own  people  have  been  themselves  ■mtnesses  of  those  sufferings.  We  were  the 
more  deeply  moved  by  the  wrongs  of  the  wa  r  because  we  knew  the  manner  in  which  they  were  perpetrated. 

"I  beg  that  you  will  not  suppose  that  b'ecause  a  wide  ocean  separated  us  in  space  we  were  not  in  eSect 
eyewitnesses  of  the  slmmetul  ruin  that  was  wrought  and  the  cruel  and  unnecessary  sufferings  that  were 
brought  upon  you.  These  sufferings  have  filled  our  hearts  with  Indignation.  We  know  what  they  were 
not  only,  but  we  know  what  they  signified,  and  our  hearts  were  touched  to  the  quick  by  them,  our  Imagina- 
tions filled  with  the  whole  picture  of  what  France  and  Belgium  in  particular  had  experienced. 

"When  the  United  States  entered  the  war,  therefore,  they  entered  it  not  only  because  they  were  moved 
by  a  conviction  that  the  purpose^  of  the  Central  Empires  must  be  wrong  and  must  be  resisted  by  m^n 
everywhere  who  loved  liberty  and  ftie  right,  but  also  because  the  illicit  ambitions  which  they  were  entertain- 
ing and  attempting  to  realize  had  led  to  the  practices  which  shocked  our  hearts  as  much  as  they  offended 
our  principles. 

"Our  resolution  was  formed  because  we  know  how  profoundly  great  principles  of  right  were  affected, 
but  om-  hearts  moved  also  with  our  resolution.  You  have  been  exceedingly  generous  in  what  you  have 
been  gracious  enough  to  say  about  me,  generous  far  beyynd  my  personal  deserts,  but  you  have  Interpreted 
with  real  insight  the  motives  and  resolution  of  the  people  of  the  United  States.  Whatever  influence  I 
exorcise,  whatever  authority  I  spealc  with,  I  derive  from  them.  I  know  what  they  have  thought,  I  know 
what  they  have  desired,  and  when  I  have  spoken  what  I  know  was  in  their  minds  it  has  been  delightful 
to  see  how  the  consciences  and  purposes  of  free  men  everywhere  responded.         '  ! 

"We  h£tve  merely  established  our  right  to  the  full  fellov>'sliip  of  those  peoples  here  and  throughout  the 
world  who  reverence  the  right  of  genuine  liberty  and  Justice.  You  have  made  me  feel  very  much  at  home 
here,  not  merely  by  the  delightful  warmth  of  your  welcome  but  also  by  the  manner  in  which  you  have 
made  me  realize  to  the  utmost  the  intimate  community  of  thought  and. ideal  Which  characterizes  your 
people  and  the  great  Nation  which  I  have  the  honor  for  the  time  to  represent.' 

"Your  welcome  to  Paris  I  shall  always  remember  as  one  of  the  imique  and  inspiring  experiences  of 
my  life,  and  while  I  feel  that  you  are  honoring  the  people  of  the  United  States  in  my  person,  I  shall  never- 
theless carry  away  with  me  a  very  keen  personal  gratification  in  looking  baQk  upon  these  memorable  days. 
Permit  me  to  thank  you  from  a  full  heart." 


NATIONAL     CATHOLIC     WAR     COUNCIL. 

The  first  step  toward  a  National  Catholic  War  Council  was  taken  in  April,  1917,  at  the  annual  meet  - 
ing  of  the  Archbishops  of  the  United  States  at  the  Catholic  University  of  America,  Washington,  when  the 
loyalty  of  the  clergy  and  worshippers  of  that  faith  was  pledged  to  the  American  Government  in  the  fol- 
lowing letter  from  the  Archbisliops  to  President  Wilson,  presented  to  the  latter,  by  Cardinal  Gibbons  of 
Baltimore :  ,.,',.     -vt 

"Standing  fij-mly  upon  our  solid  Catholic  tradition  and  history  from  the.  very  foundation  of  this  Na- 
tion, we  reaffirm  in  this  hour  of  stress  and  trial  our  most  sacred  and  sincere  loyalty  and  patriotism  to- 
ward oiir  country,  our  Government  and  our  flag.  Moved  to  the  very  depths  of  our  hearts  by ■  the  stirring 
appeal  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  by  the  action  Of  our  National  Congress,  we  accept 
whole-heartedly  and  unreservedly  the  decree  of  that  legislative  authority  proclaiming  this  country  to  be  in 
a  state  of  war.  We  have  prayed-  that  we  might  be  spared  the  dire  necessity  of  entering  the  conflict. 
But  now  that  war  has  been  declared,  we  bow  m  obedience  to  the  summons  to  bear  our  part  in  it,  with 
fidelity,  with  courage  and  with  the  spirit  of  sacrifice,  whicli  as  loyal  citizens  we  are  bound  to  manifest  for 
the  defense  of  the  most  sacred  rights  and  the  wel-fare  of  the  whole  Nation.  Acknowledgmg  •  gladly  the 
gratitude  that  we  have  always  felt  for  the  protection  of  our  spiritual  liberty  and  the  freedom  of  our 
Catholic  institutions  under  the  flag,  we  pledga  our  devotion  and  our  .strength  in  the  maintenance  of  our 
coimtry's  glorious  leadership  in  those  possessions  h.id  principles  which  have  been  America's  proudest 
boast.  Inspired  neither  by  hate  hor  fear,  but  by  the  holiest  sentiments  of  truest  patriotic  fervor  and 
zeal,  we  stand  ready,  we  and  ajl  the  flock  committed  to  our  keeping,  to  co-operate  in  every  way  possible 
with  our  President  and  our  National  Government,  to  the  end  that  the  great  and  holy  cause  of  liberty 
ma/y  tijumph,  and  that  our  beloved  coimtiy  may  emerge  .from  this  hour  of  test  strongei"  and  nobler  than 
ever.     Our  pe-ople  now,  as  ever,  will  rise  as  one  man  to  servo  the  Nation. 

"Our  priQsts  and  consecrated  women  will  once  again,  as  in  every  former  trial  of  our  country,  win  by 
their  bravery,  their  heroism  and  their  service  new  admiration  and  approval.  We  are*  all  triie -Ame.ricaas, 
ready,  as  our  age,  our  ability  and  our  condition  permit,  to  do  whatever-  is  in  us  to  do  for  the  preserva- 
tion, the  progress  and  the  triumph  of  our  beloved  country.  May  God  direct  and  guide  our  President  and 
our  Government  that  out  of  this  trying  crisis  in  our  national  life  may  at  length  come  a  closer  union 
among  all  the  citizens  of  America,  and  that  an  enduring  and  blessed  peace  may  crown  the  sacrifices 
which  war  mevitably  entails." 

Cardinals  Gibbons  of  Baltimore,  Farley  of  New  York  and  O'Comiell  of  Boston  sxunmoned  a  convention, 
which  met  at  the  university  Aug.  11-12,  1917,  and  pledged  the  power  and  resources  of  their  church.  A 
united  central  body  was  agreed  on,  and  in  November,  1917,  the  fourteen  American  Archbishops  organized 
themselves  into  the  National  Catholic  War  Council,  witli  an  administrative  committee  of  four  Bishopa-— 
P.  J.  Muldoon,  Rockford,  111.;  J.  B.  Schrambs,  Toledo,  O. ;  P.  J.  Hayes,  New  York,  and  W.  T."  Hu'Ssell, 
ciiarieston,  S.  C.  The  first  meeting  was  held  at  the  university,  .fan.  16,  1918.  An  executive  committee  was  ap- 
pomted  consisting  of  the  four  Bishops  named,  six  members  of  tlie  Knights  of  Coliunbus  War  Council  and  six 
members  at  large — ilonslgnor  H.  T.  Dnungoole,  Monsignor  M.  .T.  Splaine,  Monsignor  Edward  A-  Kelly, 
the  Rev  John  J.  Burke,  John  G.  Agar,  Daniel  J.  Callahan,  W.  J.  Mulligan,  C.  I.  Denecbaud,  J.  A. 
Flaherty,  W.  J.  JIcGinley,  J.  J.  McGraw  and  J.  C.  Pelletier.  The  following  prominent  Catholic  citizens 
were  appointed  by  the  Archbishops  as  members  of  the  Advisory  Finance  Committee:  Baltlmp're,  James  Jt. 
Wheeler;  Boston,  James  J.  Phelan;  Chicago,  .Tohn  V.  T.  Murphy;  Cincinnati,  Charles  Williams;  Dubuaue, 
J  J  Meyers;  Milwaukee,  Frank  G.  Smith;  New  Mexico,  0.  N.  Marroh;  New  Orleans,  Charles  Theard; 
New  York  Adrian  Isolin  jr.;  Philadelphia,  I.  J.  Dohan;  Portland,  T.  E.  Sullivan;  San  Francisco,  Edward 
J.  Tobin;"st.  Louis,  Pestus  J.  Wade;  St.  PatU,  William  P.  Genny; 

The  Committee  on  Special  War  Activities — Chairman,  the  Rev.  John  J.  Borke,  C.  S.  P.,  editor  of 
the  Catholic  World;  Executive  Secretary,  Walter  G.  Hooka  of  New  York  directs  the  work  of  tlie 
standing  committees.  These  committees  are  Finance,  Women's  Activities.  Men's  Activities,  Chanlains'  Aid 
and  Literature  Catholic  Interests,  Reconstruction  and  After- War  Activities,  Historical  BecDrds  ot  Catholic 
War  Activities'    The  committees  have  offices  at  930-32  14th  Street.  N.  W..  W^BtAi^mi,  D.  C. 

The  Chaplains'  Aid  Association  established  a  branch  office  at  No.  605  Fifth  a.t'enUe,  New  York,  vrith 
auxiliary  chapters  aU  over  the  cotmtry. 


12 


■Sickness  Costs  $720,000,000  in  United  States. 


LATE   SPORTING    EVENTS. 


Football:  November  30 — Brown  6,  Harvard  3; 
Boston  College  53,  Tufta  0;  No^^vleh  University 

19,  Boston  University  0;  Syracuse  21,  Rutgers  0; 
Cleveland  Naval  Reserve  10,  Pittsburgh  9;  Michi- 
gan 14,  Ohio  State  0;  Great  Lakes  N.  T.  S.  27, 
Purdue  0;  Minnesota  7,  Chicago  0;  Iowa  0,  Camp 
Dodge  0;  Oregon  7,  Washington  0.  December  7 — 
Boston  College  27,  Mineola  Aviators  0;  Camp 
Greenleaf  37,  Camp  Dlx  0;  Washington  University 

20,  Nebraska  7. 

BiLLiAEDs:  September  21 — Chicago,  Argle  Kleck- 
hefer  defeated  Charles  Otis,  150  to  128,  in  a  world's 
championship  three-cushion  match.  On  November 
23,  at  Chicago,  he  defeated  Robert  Cannefox, 
150  to  105,  under  similar  conditions. 

Cross  country  Running:  National  Senior  A.  A. 
U.  Championship,  New  York,  November  30 — 
Distance,  six  miles;  won  by  M.  Boland;  second. 


C.  Pores:  third,  J.  Henlgan;  fourth,  T.  Halplne; 
fifth,  W.  H.  Cummings.  Winner's  time,  33m.  flat. 
Boxing:  Important  Bouts — November  17,  San 
Francisco—Fred  Fulton  defeated  Willie  Meehan, 
four  rounds,  referee's  decision.  November  18, 
Philadelphia — Jack  Dempsey  knocked  out  Porky 
Flynn  after  2m.  16s.  of  opening  round. 

Six   Day   Bicycle    Race:   New   York,   December 
1-7.     Final  standing  on  point  system: 


Team. 

Points. 

Miles. 

Prize. 

McNamara-Magln. . . . 

Madden-Corry 

Grenda-HiU  

1297 
912 
631 
491 
331 
245 
126 

2,447 
2,447 
2,447 
2,447 
2,447 
2,447 
2.447 

S3,000 
2,500 
2,000 

Lawi-ence-Hanley 

Coburn-Kopsky 

Chapman-Halstead. . . . 
Grlmm-Tliomas 

1,500 

1,200 

1,000 

850 

GOVERNORS    OF   THE    STATES. 

(With  their  politics,  term  of  office,  and  date  of  expiration  of  same.) 


State. 


Ala 

Ariz 

Ark..... 

Cal 

Col 

Ct 

Del 

Fla 

Ga 

Idaho. . . 

Ill 

Ind 

la 

Kan . . . . 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Md 

Mass 

Mich.... 
Minn . . . 

Miss 

Mo 

Mont . . . 

Neb 

Nev 


Governor. 


Thomas  E.  Kllby,  D 

Thos.  E.  Campbell,  R. . . 
Charles  H.  Brough,  D. .  . 

Wm.  B.  Stephens.  R 

Oliver  L.  Shoup.  R 

Marcus  H.  Holcomb,  R.. 
John.  G.  Townsend,  Jr.,R 

Sidney  J.  Catts,  D 

Hugh  M.  Dorsey,  D 

D.  W.  Davis,  R 

Frank  O.  Lowden,  R. . . . 

Jas.  P.  Goodrich,  R 

W.  L.  Harding,  R 

Henry  Allen,  R •. . . 

Jas.  D.  Black,  D 

Ruffln  G.  Pleasant,  D. . . 
CarlE.  MiUiken,  R 

E.  C.  Harrington,  D 

Calvin  Coolidge,  R 

Albert  E.  Sleeper,  R 

J.  A.  A.  Burnquist,  R. . . 

Theo.  G.  Bilbo,  D 

Fred'k.  D.  Gardner,  D. . 

Sam'l  V.  Stewart,  D 

Sam'l  R.  McKelvie,  R. . . 
Emmet  D.  Boyle,  D 


Term 

Yrs, 


4 
2 
2 
4 
2 
2 
4 
4 
2 
2 
4 
4 
2 
2 
4 
4 
2 
4 

2 
4 
4 
4 
2 
4 


Expires. 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
JuDe 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
May 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 


1923 
1921 
1921 
1923 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1919 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1919 
1920 
1921 
1920 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1923 


State. 


N.  H. . . 
N.  J . . . 
N.  M.  . 
N.  Y. .  . 
N.  Car. 
N.  D... 
Ohio. .  . 
Okla... 

Ore 

Pa 

R.  I .  .  . 
S.  Car. . 
S.  D.  .. 
Tenn. . . 
Tex.... 
Utah. . . 

Vt 

Va 

Wash .  . 
W.  Va. . 

Wis 

Wyo.  .. 
Alaska . 
Hawaii . 
Philips. 
P.  R.  . 


Governor. 


John  H.  Bartlett,  R... 

Walter  E.  Edge,  R 

Octaviano  A.  Larrzolo,  R. 

Alfred  E.  Smith,  D 

Thos.  W.  Bickett,  D 

Lynn  J.  Frazier,  R 

James  M.  Cox,  D 

J.  B.  A.  Robertson,  D. . . 
James  Withycombe,  R . . 

Wm  C.  Sproul,  R 

R.  L.  Beeckman,  R 

Robert  A.  Cooper,  D. . . . 

Peter  Norbeck,  R 

A.  H.  Roberts,  D 

W.  P.  Hobby,  D 

Simon  Bamberger,  D. . . . 
Percival  W.  Clement,  R. 
Westmoreland  Davis,  D. 

Ernest  Lister,  D 

John  J.  Cornwell,  D .  . . . 

E.  L.  Phllipp,  R 

Robert  D.  Carey,  R 

Thos.  Riggs,  Jr 

Chas-.  J.  McCarthy 

F.  B.  Han-ison 

Arthur  Yager 


Term 
Yrs. 


2 

3 

2 

2 

4 

2 

2 

4 

4 

4. 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

4 

4 

2 

4 

4 

4 
indf. 
Indf. 


Expires. 


Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Mch. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

May 

Nov. 


1921 
1920 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1923 
1923 
1923 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1922 
1921 
1921 
1921 
1923 
1921 
1921 


REPUBLIC      OF      CZECHOSLOVAKIA. 

The  Czechoslovak  Republic  is  composed  of  the  former  Austrian  States  of  Bohemia,  Moravia,  part 
of  Silesia,  and  the  District  in  Hungary  known  as  Slovla.  It  has  a  population  of  about  13  millions,  with  an 
area  of  52,000  square  miles.  The  territory  is  divided  into  sixteen  districts,  subdivided  into  counties.  The 
Republic  has  a  democratic  form  of  government.  The  natural  wealth  is  estimated  at  fifteen  billion  dollars. 
Suffrage  is  universal,  both  men  and  women  having  the  right  to  elect  all  officers  in  all  departments  of  the 
Government.  The  Court  system  estabhshed  by  the  Austrian  Empire  has  been  taken  over  by  the  new  Gov- 
ern'-aeiit.  Separation  of  church  and  state  has  been  decreed  The  vast  majority  of  the  population  is  Roman 
Catholic,  with  a  small  Protestant  and  Jewish  minority.  There  is  a  complete  system  of  popular  and  secondary 
education,  with  about  5,000  primary  schools  and  more  than  600  secondary  schools.  There  is  a  university 
at  Prague,  Bohemia,  and  universities  are  being  established  at  Moravia  and  Slovakia.  There  are  no  illiter- 
ates. The  officers  of  the  Republic  are:  Thomas  Garrigue  Maaaryk,  President;  Karel  Kramer,  Premier; 
Edward  Benes,  Foreign  Affairs;  Gustav  Haberman,  Justice:  Francis  Stanek,  Public  Works;  Vaclac  Kidfac, 
Home  Defense;  George  Stribrny,  Posts  and  Telegraphs;  Francis  Soukup,  Public  Instruction;  Adolf  Stransky, 
Commerce;  Alois  Ragin,  Finances;  Charles  Prasek,  Agriculture;  Moris  Hruban,  Minister  Without  Portfolio; 
Leo  Winter,  Social  Welfare;  Isidore  Zahradnik,  Railroads;  Milan  Stefanlk,  War;  Vavro  Srobar,  Public  Health; 
Anton  Svehla,  Interior. 

The  Republic  was  recognized  by  Great  Britain  August  3,  1918,  United  States,  September  2,  1918;  Japan, 
September  9,  1918;  organization  of  Czechoslovak  army  authorized  by  Premier  Clemenceau  of  France,  Decem- 
ber 10,  1917;  state  recognized  by  Premier  Orlando  of  Italy,  April  23,  1918;  Declaration  of  Independence 
published  at  Paris,  October  18,  1918:  local  government  taken  over  in  Prague,  October  28,  1918,  and  Republic 
formally  proclaimed  on  the  29th.  Draft  of  Constitution  completed  at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  November  2, 
1918,  when  present  officers  were  elected.  Under  this  Constitution  all  men  up  to  26  years  of  age  throughout 
the  Republic  are  liable  to  military  service.  Republic  has  maintained  three  armies,  one  in  Fran'",e,  one  in 
Italy,  and  a  force  of  approximately  75,000  policing  the  Trans-Siberian  Railroad  at  the  request  of  the  Allied 
Governments  

SICKNESS   COSTS   $720  000  000   IN    UNITED   STATES. 

Conservative  estimates  of  the  cost  of  sickness  insurance  (or  health  insurance,  as  it  is  often  called), 
set  the  total  for  the  country  at  large  at  not  less  than  $720,000,000  and  perhaps  not  less  than  81,000,000,000 
per  year.  An  expenditure  of  8720,000,000  per  year  means  a  per  capita  outlay  of  approximately  $7.  The 
estimated  cost  of  education  in  the  United  States  In  1914,  public  and  private,  was  8754,500,000. 

In  Germany,  out  of  every  100  insured  wage-earners  in  1890,  36.7  were  listed  as  sick  at  one  time  or 
another  during  the  year;  in  1913  the  proportion  was  45.6.  In  Austria,  where  sickness  insurance  is  general, 
the  corresponding  figures  were  45.7  in  1890  and  51.8  in  1913.  The  average  number  of  days  lost  on  account 
of  sickness  per  sick  member  has  Increased:  In  Germany,  from  16.2  days  in  1890  to  20.2  In  1913;  in  Austria, 
during  the  same  period,  from  16.4  to  17.4. 


Hate  TJCeius  SSijents. 


*  * 


13 


DEATH  OF  COL.  THEODORE  ROOSEVELT. 

Col  Theodore  Roosevelt,  twenty-sixth  Preaident  of  the  United  States,  died  early  in  the  morning 
of  Monday  January  6,  at  his  home,  Sagamore  Hill,  Oyster  Bay,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.  Inflammatory  rheumi*- 
tlsm  was  given  as  the  cause.  He  had  been  only  a  few  days  out  of  the  hospjial,  where  he  suftered  from 
solatlpa  and  a  return  of  Ws  ear  trouble.  He  was  the  son  of  Theodore  Roosevelt  and  Martha  (Bulloch) 
Roosevelt,  and  he  was  bom  October  27,  1858,  at  No.  28  East  20th  Street,  New  York  Cit>^  and  graduated 
at  Harvard  University  In  1880.  He  was  a  member  of  the  New  York  Legislature,  1882-4;  Delegate  Repub- 
lican National  Convention,  1884;  ranched  in  North  Dakota,  1884-6;  defeated  for  Mayor,  New  York  City, 
1886;  United  States  Civil  Service  Commissioner,  1889-1895;  President  New  York  C  ty  Police  Board,  1895- 
1897-  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  1897-1898;  organized  and  served  in  Cuba  with  l;lrst  United  States 
Cava'lrv  (Roosevelt's  Rough  Riders);  made  Colonel  for  military  services  in  war  with  Spain;  Governor,  New- 
York  1899-1900-  Vice-President,  United  States,  March  4,  1901  ;  became  President  on  the  assassination  of 
William  McKinley  September  14,  1901;  elected  President,  November  8,  1904,  by  largest  popular  majority 
on  record-  defeated  for  re-election  by  Wilson,  in  November,  1912;  awarded  Nobel  Peace  1-rize  in  1906; 
Snppiai  United  States  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain  at  funeral  of  King  Edward  VII.,  in  1910;  contributing 
wlltor  of  the  Outlook,  1909-1914;  made  hunting  trip  in  Africa,  1909-1910;  made  exploring  visit  to  Brazil, 
1914-  wrote  books  and  magazine  articles  for  many  years.  One  of  his  sons,  Quentln  Roosevelt,  an  aviator, 
was  killed  in  Europe  in  the  war  with  Germany.  Col.  Roosevelt's  flr^t  wife,  whom  he  married  October  27, 
l«sn  was'Alice  Hathaway  Lee,  daughter  of  George  Cabot  Lee.  She  died  Febi-uary  14,  1884,  at  London, 
lea  vine  one  child  by  the  union,  Alice,  who,  In  1906,  became  the  wife  of  Nicholas  Longworth  of  Cincinnati, 
a  Reuublican  Representative  in  Congress.  The  Colonel's  second  wife  was  Edith  Kermit  Carow.  He 
married  her  in  1886     She  survives  her  husband,  as  do  their  children,  Theodore  Jr.,  Kermit,  Ethel  and  Archie. 


President  and  Mrs.  Wilson  and  party  arrived  at 
Ijondon  on  Dec.  26  and  were  welcomed  by  the  King 
and  Queen  and  cheering  populace.  On  Dec.  27  the 
American  Executive  and  party  were  the  guests  at  a 
State  banquet  at  Buckingham  Palace,  where  Mr. 
Wilson  spoke  on  his  plan  for  a  League  of  Nations. 
On  Dec.  28  he  spoke  at  the  Guildhall,  on  receiving 
the  freedom  of  London.  On  Dec.  30  the  President 
and  wife  visited  Manchester  and  other  points;  on 
Dec.  31  they  returned  to  France,  and  on  Jan.  1, 
1919,  they  set  out  for  Italy,  where  they  were  the 
guests,  at  Rome,  of  the  King  and  Queen.  A  visit 
was  paid  to  the  Pope;  and  on  Jan.  4  the  President 
left  Rome  for  Genoa,  Milan,  and  Turin. 

On  Jan.  1,  1919,  the  transport  Northern  Pacific, 
bound  for  New  York  with  2,925  returning  troops, 
many  of  them  wounded  and  invalided,  went  ashore 
in  a  fog  on  Fire  Island,  L.  I.  The  work  of  taking  off 
the  soldiers  was  begun  on  Jan.  2. 

American  losses  in  the  war  were  estimated  on 
Dec.  16,  1918,  at  302,693,  including  40,440  unre- 
ported casualties  in  process  of  veriflcatlon.  See  page 
722  for  earlier  data. 

Canada's  war  casualties  were  reported,  Jan.  3, 
1919,  as  totalling  220,182,  with  60,383  dead,  of  whom 
1,842  were  ofdcers  killed  in  action.  See  page  710 
for  British  casualties. 

American  troops  in  Russia  defeated  (Dec.  30, 
1918- Jan.  4,  1919),  Bolshevik  forces  near  Kadish, 
on  the  Petrograd  road. 

Anarchists  blew  up  the  homes  of  three  Phlladelptiia 
officials,  Dec.  30. 

French  war  dead  are  estimated  at  1^00,000.  with 
800,000  recovered  from  wounds,  it  is  stated  in  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies. 

German  war  dead  are  estimated  by  the  Cologne 
Gazette  at  2,000,000.  Up  to  Oct.  25  the  total  casual- 
ties reported  were  6.066,769,  of  whom  more  than 
4,750,000  were  Prussians.  "The  total  Includes  the 
naval  casualties,  which  were  about  70,000,  comprising 
more  than  25,000  dead,  more  than  15,000  missing, 
and  nearly  29,000  wounded. 

Prussia — 1,262,060  dead,  2,882,671  wounded, 
616,139  missing;  total,  4,760,870. 

Bavaria— 150,658  dead,  363,823  wounded,  72,115 
missing;  total,  586,596. 


Saxony — 108,017  dead,  252,027  wounded,  51,787 
missing;  total,  411,831. 

Wurttemberg — 64,507  dead,  155,654  wounded, 
16,802  missing;  total,  236,963. 

Navy — 25,862  dead,  28,968  wounded,  15,679 
missing;  total,  70,509. 

The  Democratic  National  Committee  reports 
expending  $450,459  and  receiving  $498,519.  The 
Republican  National  Committee  received  S678,8]5, 
and  distributed  $675,605.  The  Suffragists  spent 
$7,693.  The  New  York  County  Democratic  and 
Republican  County  Committees  spent,  respectively, 
$140,978  and  $50,089. 

On  Dec.  13  the  American  Army  of  Occupation 
crossed  the  Rhine.  Just  before  crossing  three  French 
divisions  were  put  in  to  take  over  the  southern  part 
of  our  sector  across  the  river,  and  on,p  American 
(Hvislon,  the  Third,  composed  of  Regulars,  was  sent 
south  to  take  over  part  of  the  French  bridgehead  at 
Mainz.  The  1st,  2d,  and  32d  American  Divisions 
comprised  the  force  which  went  over  the  river.  The 
First  crossed  over  the  old  pontoon  bridge,  the 
Thirty-second  and  the  French  us  ing  the  big  Coblenz 
bridge.  It  was  raining  and  Just  getting  light  when 
the  troops  started  over,  but  the  American  flag  was 
waving  and  bands  were  playing. 

On  Dec.  13  two  robbers  killed  the  Paying  Teller 
and  also  the  Assistant  Treasurer  at  the  East  Brooklyn 
Savings  Bank,  Brooklyn,  and  escaped  with  $13,000. 

On  Dec.  14  general  elections  for  a  new  Parliament 
were  held  throughout  Great  Britain.  About  twenty 
million  persons  cast  their  ballots.  The  women 
getting  their  first  country-  wide  opportunity.  Lloyd 
George  and  his   Coalition   candidates  won   the  day. 

Dr.  Sidonio  Paes,  President  of  Portugal,  was  shot 
and  killed'  by  an  assassin  at  about  12  p.  m.  Dec.  14. 

LATE    DEATHS. 

Ellsler,  Mrs.  Euphemia  Emma  —  "Effle  Ellsler" 
(1823)  Nutley,  N.  J.,  actress,  supported  Charlotte 
Cushman,  Edwin  Forrest,  Clara  Morris,  Dec.  12. 

Count  George  von  Hertling,  seventy-five  years  old, 
former  German  Chancellor,  died  Jan.  3,  at  Ruhpold- 
1  ing,  Bavaria. 


THE  AMERICAN    RED  CROSS  AND  THE  WAR. 

I  The  vast  extent  of  lied  Cross  operations  in  Prance  is  to  some  degree  Indicated  by  the  fa.ot  that  up 
to  July  1,  1918,  the  sum  of  $36,613,682.73  had  been  expended,  of  which  more  than  fifteen  millions  had 
been  used  for  relief  work  among  soldiers,  while  the  balance  went  for  various  forms  of  civilian  relief. 
For  the  six  months  ending  Dec.   31,   1918,  an  appropriation  has  been  made  of  $25,752,126. 

The  Red  Cross  furnished  3,800  hospitals  with  medical  and  surgical  supplies.  It  has  equipped  eight 
American  Bed  CJross  military  hospitals  of  the  highest  grade,  which  serve  American  troops  alone;  it  has 
equipped  similar  hospitals  for  French  soldiers  and  in  addition  operates  hospitals  for  French  civilians, 
and  for  children.  

KNIGHTS    OF     COLUMBUS    WAR    ACTIVITIES. 

Wlien  the  United  States  troops  were  being  assembled  along  the  Mexican  border  in  1916  the  Knights 
of  Columbus,  answering  a  number  of  appeals,  ventured  into  a  new  field  of  work,  namely,  the  establish- 
ment and  conduct  of  buildings  as  recreation  centres  for  the  men  in  the  service.  This  work  received  the 
commendation  of  the  War   Department,   of  officers,   privates   and   the   public  generally. 

Upon  the  declaration  of  war  on  April  6,  1917,  by  President  Wilson,  the  appeals  again  commencea 
for  similar  work  at  the  camiis,  cantonments,  encampments,  naval  bases  and  allied  centres,  with  the 
result  that  the  Knights  tendered  their  services,  which  were  accepted  by  the  United  States  Government. 


J4  Onifefl  States  Army  Baitf, 


UMITED    STATES    ARWY    PAY. 

(By  the  Department  ol  War.) 

Pay  of  Enlisted  Men. 

THE  pay  ot  enlisted  men  depends  on  their  grades,  ratings,  and  length  ol  service.  From  June  1,  1917, 
and  continuing  during  the  term  of  the  war,  the  pay  of  enlisted  men  Is  as  follows:  Men  receiving  S30:  All 
Drivates,  the  army  entering  grade.  Men  receiving  $33:  First  class  privates,  men  promoted  to  act  m  minor 
non-commissioned  officer  capacity.  Men  receiving  S36:  Corporals,  saddlers,  mechanics,  farriers  and  wag- 
oners and  musicians  of  the  third  class.  Men  receiving  S38:  Al!  sergeant  grades  in  the  hne,  which  Include 
infantry,  field  artillery,  coast  artillery,  and  cavalry,  coolcs,  horseshoers,  band  corporals,  and  musicians  ot 
the  second  class  Men  receiving  S44:  Sergeants  of  the  various  corps  ol  the  engineers,  -ordnance,  signal  corps. 
Quartermaster  corps,  and  medical  department;  band  sergeants  and  musicians  ol  the  first  class. 

Men  receiving  $48 :  Battalion  sergeant  majors,  squadron  sergeant  majors,  sergeant  majors  (junior  grade) , 
sergeant  buglers,  master  gunners,  and  assistant  band  leaders  of  the  line.  Men  receiving  551:  Kegimental 
sergeant  majors,  regimental  supply  sergeants,  sergeant  majors  tsenlor  grade),  quartermaster  sergeants  of 
the  quartermaster  corps,  ordnance  sergeants,  first  sergeants,  electrician  .sergeants  ol  the  first  class,  assist- 
ant engineers  and  battalion  sergeant  majors  and  battalion  supply  sergeants  ol  the  engineers.  Men  receiving 
$56:  Sergeants,  first  class,  ol  the  medical  department.  Men  receiving  S71:  Hospital  sergeants,  master 
engineers  ol  the  junior  grade,  and  engineers.  Men  receiving  S81:  Quartermaster  sergeants  ol  the  senior 
grade  of  the  quartermaster  corps,  band  leaders,  master  signal  electricians,  master  electricians,  master  en- 
gineers of  the  senior  grade,  and  master  hospital  sergeants. 

Asslgnriient  to  Special  Duties. 

(1)  Increased  pay  is  allowed  for  continuous  service,  computed  under  what  is  known  as  "enlistment 
period  "  An  enlistment  period  ordinarily  represents  a  period  ol  three  or  lour  years,  dependent  upon  the 
law  in  effect  at  date  of  enlistment.  There  are  seven  such  periods,  covering  a  period  ol  service  ol  from  one  year 
to  more  than  eighteen  years,  provided  for,  and  the  increases  range  from  S3  to  $24  per  mouth,  according  to  the 
grade  and  length  of  service.  Men  in  the  grade  of  private  calling  for  $30  per  month  are  increased  S3  per 
month  during  the  second  enlistment  period,  an  additional  S3  during  the  third  enlistment  period,  and  SI  per 
montli  for  each  additional  enlistment  period  to  include  the  seventh  enlistment  period.  Men  above  the  S30 
grade  and  up  to  and  including  the  S38  grade  are  entitled  to  S3  per  month  additional  pay  for  each  enlistment 
period  from  the  second  to  the  seventh  for  each  successive  enlistment  period.  Men  above  the  S38  grade  arc 
entitled  to  S4  per  month  additional  pay  for  each  enlistment  period  from  the  second  to  the  seventh. 

Some  Additional  Ratings. 

(2)  Enlisted  men  of  the  coast  artillery,  below  the  grade  ol  mess  sergeant,  are  entitled  to  the  follow- 
ing additional  ratings,  according  to  established  Individual  qualifications:  Casement  electricians,  observers 
of  the  first  class,  plotters,  and  coxswains;  89  per  month;  chief  planters,  observera  or  second  class,  chief  load- 
ers gun  commanders,  and  gun  pointers,  37  per  month;  enUsted  men  of  th» field  artillery— expert  first  class 
gunners,  $5  per  month;  first-class  gunners,  S3  per  month;  and  second  class  gunners,  §2  per  month;  enlisted 
men  of  the  cavalry,  engineers  and  infantry — expert  riflemen,  S5  per  month;  sharpshooters,  S3  per  month; 
and  marksmen,  S2  per  month;  enlisted  men  of  the  medical  department — sui-gical  assistants,  $5  per  month; 
nurse  (enlisted  man),  S3  per  month;  and  dispensary  assistant,  $2  per  month.  ,    ,     , 

(3)  EnUsted  men  ol  the  signal  corps,  while  on  duties  which  require  them  to  participate  regularly  in 
aero  flights,  assuming  that  they  have  rating  of  aviation  mechanician,  receive  60  per  cent,  increase  In  their 

monthly  pay.  .  „   . 

Housing  and  Subsistence. 

(4)  All  enlisted  men,  while  on  detached  duty  not  in  the  field  where  there  are  no  army  quarters,  re- 
ceive in  addition  to  their  pay  $15  per  month  for  housing  and  an  allowance  for  subsistence,  heat  and  light. 

(5)  Enlisted  men,  11  serving  In  a  foreign  country  or  beyond  the  continental  limits  of  the  United  States 
(Porto  Rico,  Hawaii  and  Panama  Canal  Zone  excepted)  receive  20  per  cent,  increase  in  pay  computed  on 
the  base  pay  and  service  pay  prevailing  prior  to  June  1,  1917.  ^  ,    ,,. 

(6)  Enlisted  men  attached  to  the  United  States  Military  Academy  are  entitled  to  the  same  pay  and 
allowances  as  other  enlisted  men  of  the  regular  army  of  the  same  grade  and  additional  compensation  pro- 
vided for  perlorming  certain  duties  upon  detail  therelor  in  orders. 

The  Pay  of  Officers. 

Officers  of  the  army  are  paid  according  to  rank  held  by  them.  A  second  Heutenant  receives  S141.67 
Initial  pay  per  month;  first  Ueutenants,  S166.67;  captain,  S200;  major,  S250;  lieutenant  colonel,  £291.67, 
and  a  colonel,  S333.33,  with  an  increase  of  10  per  cent,  known  as  longevity  pay  for  each  period  of  five  years 
ol  service^  provided  that  such  Increase  shall  not  exceed  40  per  cent.  The  pay  ol  a  brigadier  general  is  S6,000 
per  year,  major  general,  S8,000;  lieutenant  general,  S9,000,  and  a  general,  $10,000.  These  ofllcers  receive 
no  Increase  lor  continuous  service.  All  ofheers  are  entitled  to  be  furnished  public  quarters,  with  fuel  and 
light,  but  11  these  cannot  be  provided  the  officers  receive  a  commuted  money  value  of  the  same.  The  al- 
'owance  lor  quarters  lor  a  second  lieutenant  is  2  rooms,  or  S24  per  month.  All  get  an  allowance  for  heat 
and  light,  dependent  upon  the  locality  ol  their  stations  and  the  season.  While  on  foreign  service  officers 
receive  an  increase  ol  10  per  cent,  of  their  base  pay  and  longevity  pay. 

Aerial  "Flight"  Increases. 

Aviation  officers  ol  the  signal  corps,  or  officers  attached  to  the  signal  corps,  wWle  on  duty  which  re- 
quires them  to  participate  regularly  and  frequently  in  aerial  flights,  are  entitled  to  an  Increase  in  the  pay 
of  their  grade,  under  their  commissions,  as  follows:  Aviation  officers,  25  per  cent.;  junior  military  aviators, 
50  per  cent  ;  military  aviators,  75  per  cent.  Each  junior  military  aviator  and  each  military  aviator  duly 
quahfled  and  serving  has  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  one  grade  higher  than  that  held  by  them  under 
their  commissions,  provided  that  the  ranks  under  their  commissions  are  not  higher  than  that  ol  captain. 
For  deeds  ol  valor,  recognized  by  acts  ol  Congress,  officers  and  enlisted  men  receive  certificates  ol  merit  which 
entitle  them  to  an  additional  compensation  ol  S2  per  month. 

'  Allowances  at  Retirement. 

Enhsted  men  can  apply  for  retirement  alter  30  years  ol  service.  They  are  retired  on  75  per  cent,  of  the 
monthly  pay  drawn  at  the  time  of  retirement,  and  S15.75  a  month  additional  In  lieu  of  allowances.  Officers 
are  retired  for  disability  or  alter  64  years  ol  age,  and  receive  75  per  cent,  of  the  pay  of  the  grade  hold  at 
date  ol  retirement.  An  enlisted  man  in  active  service  has  no  necessany  personal  expenses,  except  for  barber 
and  laundry.  Uniforms,  underclothing,  shoes,  hats,  qui»rters,  medical  attendance,  and  subsistence  are  sup- 
pUed  them  at  Government  expense.  Such  materials  as  tobacco,  postage,  confectionery,  and  incidentals  of 
individual  taste  may  be  purchased  at  the  post  exchange  at  cost.  Officers,  while  In  hospital,  are  charged  SI 
per  day  for  subsistence.  They  are  not  entitled  to  clothing  or  equipment  and  are  required  to  sub.sist  them- 
selves, purch.aaing  their  supplies  either  from  the  quartermaster  or  through  the  ordinary  channels  of  trade. 
The  officers  and  enlisted  men  ol  the  army  are  paid  at  the  end  ol  each  month,  or  as  soon  thorcalter  as  possi- 
ble, by  the  disbursing  offlcei-s  of  the  quartermaster  corps,  in  cash  or  by  check,  at  their  stations  or  in  the 
field.  If  on  duty  In  Finance  they  are  paid  In  Fi-ench  currency  or  by  United  States  checks,  as  officers  and  men 
tnay  elect. 


.United  States  Navy  Pay. 


is 


UNITED    STATES    NAVY    PAY. 

(By  the  Navy  Department.) 


Annual  Base  Pay  of  OBfcers. 

Admiral  (in  command  of  fleet),  SIO.OOO;  vice  ad- 
miral (second  In  command  ol  fleet),  $9,000;  rear  ad- 
miral, upper  half,  $8,000;  real  admiral,  lower  half, 
S6,000;  commodore,  S6,000;  captain,  $4,000;  com- 
mander, S3,500;  lieutenant  commander,  S3,000; 
lieutenant,  $2,400;  lieutenant  (junior  grade),  S2,000; 
ensign,  $1,700. 

To  each  commissioned  oflBcer  below  the  rank  of 
rear  admiral  is  allowed  10  per  cent,  of  his  yearly  pay 
for  each  Ave  years  of  service  in  the  army,  navy,  and 
marine  corps,  but  not  exceeding  in  aU  40  per  cent. 
Additional  provision  is  made  by  law  that  the  pay  of 
a  captain  shall  not  exceed  S5,000,  a  commander 
$4,500,  and  a  lieutenant  commander  34,000  per 
annum. 

Sea  and  Foreign  Shore  Duty. 

An  officer  on  sea  or  on  shore  duty  beyond  the  con- 
tinental limits  of  the  United  States  receives  while  so 
serving  10  per  cent,  additional  of  his  pay.  An  ofHcer 
on  shore  duty  where  no  Government  quarters  are 
furnished  is  paid  S12  per  month  for  each,  of  the  num- 
ber of  rooms  to  which  his  rank  entitles  him,  that  is: 

Rear  admiral,  upper  half,  9  roomE;  rear  admiral, 
lower  half,  8;  captain,  7;  commander,  6;  lieutenant 
commander,  5;  lieutenant,  4;  lieutenant  (junior 
grade),  3;  ensign,  warrant  ofl3cer  and  nurse,  2. 

Varying  allowances  for  heat  and  light,  depending 
upon  the  month  and  place  of  duty*,  are  allowed  for 
the  number  of  rooms  actually  occupied,  but  not  ex- 
ceeding the  number  to  which  an  oflBcer's  rank  en- 
titles him.  Aids  to  rear  admirals  of  the  upper  hall 
are  each  paid  $200  per  annum  and  aids  to  rear  ad- 
mirals of  the  lower  half,  $150  each  per  annum. 

Student  Naval  Aviators.  ^ 

Officers  of  the  navy  appointed  student  naval  avia- 
toi-s  and  while  detailed  for  duty  involving  actual 
flying  in  aircraft  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of 
the  rank  plus  35  per  cent,  increase  thereof,  and  those 
officers  who  have  qualified  as  naval  aviators  shall 
while  so  detailed  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of 
their  rank  plus  50  per  cent,  thereof.  Boatswains, 
gunners,  pay  clerks,  machinists,  carpenters,  sail- 
makers,  and  pharmacists  are  known  as  warrant  of- 
ficers and  are  paid  as  follows: 


First  3  years'  service. . . . 
Second  3  years'  service. . 
Third  3  years'  service. . 
Fourth  3  years'  service. 
After  12  years'  service. 


At  sea. 


$1,500 
1,625 
1,750 
2,600 
2,250 


On 

shore. 


$1,125 
1,250 
1,625 
1,750 
2,000 


Wait- 
ing 
orders. 


S875 
1,000 
1,125 
1,250 
1,500 


Warrant  officers  on  shore  duty  receive  ensigns 
allowances  for  quarters  and  heat  and  light. 

After  six  years  from  date  of  warrant  these  officers 
are  if  duly  qualified,  commissioned  chief  warrant 
officers  and  receive  the  pay  and  allowances  of  ensign. 
After  six  years  from  date  of  commission  each  com- 
missioned warrant  officer  with  a  creditable  record 
receives  the  pay  and  allowances  of  a  lieutenant  (jimior 
grade),  and  after  12  years  from  date  of  commission 
the  pay  and  allowances  of  a  lieutenant.  Warrant  of- 
ficers while  attached  to  a  sealing  ship  are  paid  a 
ration  allowance  of  40  cents  per  day.  All  officers  In 
the  regular  navy  are  required  to  provide  their  own 
uniforms  and  to  pay  for  subsistence  both  ashore  and 

afloat.  _  ,  ,„  . 

The  Enlisted  Personnel. 

The  following  show  classifications  and  base  monthly 
pay  during  the  war  as  provided  by  the  act  of  May 
22    1917' 

Chief  Petty  Officers — Chief  master  at  arms,  $77.50; 
chief  boatswains'  mates,  S61.00;  chief  gunners'  mates, 
S61  00:  chief  turret  captains,  $72.00;  chief  quarter- 
masters, $61.00;  chief  machinists'  mates,  $83.00; 
chief  electricians,  S72.00;  chief  carpenters  mates, 
$61  00;  chief  water  tenders,  $61.00;  chief  yeomen, 
S72  00;  chief  storekeepers,  S61.00:  chief  pharmacists 
mates,  $72.00;  band  masters,  S63.20;  chief  commis- 
sary stewards,  $83.00;  chief  printers,  $72.00. 

Any  of  the  above  named  chleJ  petty  officers  who 
has  served  as  such  for  one  year  »'ith  credit  Is  given 
what-is  knownas  a  "pemianent  appointmep-.  .  7hlcn 
jjcreafles  bts  ihase  pay  to  S83  peraoonth.  , 


Petty  Officers,  First.  Class — Master  at  arms,  first 
class,  $52.00;  boatswains'  mates,  llist  clar.s,  fs52.00; 
gunners'  mates,  first  class,  $52.00;  turret  e.optains, 
first  class,  $61.00;  quartermasters,  first  class,  $52.00; 
boilermakers,  $77.50;  machinists'  mates,  first  class, 
$66.50;  coppersmiths,  SG6. 50;  shipfitters,  first  class, 
$66.50;  electricians,  first  class,  S61.00;  blacksmiths, 
$61.00;  plumbers  and  fitters,  $55.50;  sailmakers' 
mates,  $52.00;  carpenters'  mates,  first  class,  S52.00; 
water  tenders,  S52.00;  painters,  flr.st  class,  $52  00; 
storekeepers,  first  class,  S25.00;  pharmacists'  mates, 
first  class,  $52.00;  yeomen,  first  class,  $52.00;  first 
musicians,  $47.60;  commissary  stewards,  $72.00; 
ships'  cooks,  first  class,  $66.50;  bakers,  first  class, 
§55.50;  printers,  first  class,  $52.00. 

Petty  Officers,  Second  Class — Master  at  arms," 
second  class,  $46.50;  boatswains'  mates,  second  class, 
$46.50;  gunners'  mates,  second  class,  546.50;  quar- 
termasters, second  class,  S4G.50;  machinists'  mates, 
second  class,  $52.00;  electricians,  second  class,  $52.00; 
shipfitters,  second  class,  $52.00;  oilers,  $48.70;  car- 
penters' mates,  second  class,  §46.50;  printers,  second 
class,  $46.50;  painters,  second  class,  $46.50;  store- 
keepers, second  class,  $46.50;  yeomen  second  class, 
$46.50;  ships'  cooks,  second  class,  $52.00;  phar- 
macists' mates,  second  class,  $46.50. 

Petty  Officers,  Third  Class— Masters  at  arms, 
third  class,  $41.00;  coxswains.  $41.00;  gunners'  mates, 
third  class,  $41.00;  quartermasters,  third  class, 
$41.00;  electricians,  third  class,  $41.00;  carpenters, 
mates,  third  class,  $41.00;  painters,  third  class, 
$41.00;  storekeepers,  third  class,  $41.00;  yeomen, 
third  class,  S41.00;  phiirmacists'  mates,  third  class, 
$41.00. 

Seamen,  First  Class — Seamen  gunners,  $36.60; 
seamen,  $38.40;  firemen,  first  class,  $46.50;  ship- 
wrights, $35.50;  musicians,  first  class,  $43.20;  ships' 
cooks,  third  class,  $41.00;  bakers,  second  class, 
$46.50;  hospital  apprentice,  first  class,  $38.40. 

Seamen,  Second  Class — Seamen,  second  class, 
$35.90;  firemen,  second  class,  $41.00;  musicians, 
second  class,  $41.00;  buglers,  $41.00;  ships'  cooks, 
fourth  class,  $35.50;  hospital  apprentice,  second 
class,  $35.90. 

Seamen,  Third  Class — Apprentice  seamen,  $32.60; 
firemen,  third  class,  $36.20;  landsmen,  $32.60; 

Messmen  Branch^Stewards  to  commanders  In 
chief,  $72.00;  cooks  to  commanders  in  chief,  $61.00; 
stewards  to  commandants,  $72.00;  cooks  to  com- 
mandants, S61.00;  cabin  stewards,  $61.00;  cabin 
cooks,  $55.50;  wardroom  stewards,  $6100;  ward- 
room cooks,  $55.50;  steerage  stewards,  $46.50;  steer- 
age cooks,  $41.00;  warrant  officers'  stewards,  $46.50; 
warrant  officers'  cooks,  $41.00;  mess  attendants,  first 
class  (United  States  citizen),  $41.00;  mess  attend- 
ants, second  class  (United  States  citizen),  $35.50; 
mess  attendants;  third  class  (United  States  citizen), 
$37.00;  mess  attendants,  first  class  (not  United 
States  citizen),  $38.40;  mess  attendants,  second  class 
(not  United  States  citizen),  $37.00;  mess  attendants, 
third  class  (not  United  States  citizen),  $32.60.  . 

In  addition  to  the  pay  as  provided  in  the  above, 
the  following  amounts  are  also  paid  monthly  to  each 
enlisted  man  who  is  quaUfied  to  receive  them:  $1.50 
for  each  successive  re-enlistment  for  four  years 
within  four  months  of  date  of  honorable  discharge 
from  previous  enlistment.  $5.50  for  first  re-enUst- 
ment  and  $3.30  for  each  subsequent  re-enlistment,  if 
citizen  of  the  iJnited  States  and  completed  previous 
enlistment.  $2.20  if  a  seaman  gunner.  S2.20  If  a 
graduate  of  a  petty  officers'  school.  $5.50  to  a 
steward  or  cook  who  holds  a  certificate  of  quaUflca^ 
tlon  and  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States.  83  cents 
for  each  good  conduct  medal  a  man  holds. 
Extra  Monthly  Compensation. 
The  following  extra  monthly  compensation  is 
paid  to  men  who  perform  the  transient  duties  speci- 
fied: $5  to  a  seaman  in  charge  of  hold.  55  to  a 
coxswain  of  a  steam  6r  motor  launch.  $5  to  a  cap- 
tain of  a  gun's  crew.  $5  to  a  "jack-6f-the-dust." 
$5  to  a  lamplighter.  $5  to  a  messman.  From  $10  to 
$^0'to  a  mall  clerk,  the  amount  depending  upon  the 
con!iJ>lement  of  the  ship.  From  $2  to  $10  to  a  man 
who  qualifies  at  target  practice  as  a  gun  pointer,  the 
a^iount  depending  upon  the  calibre  of  the  gun. 
Ftpm  $1  to  S3  to  a  signalman.  From  $10  to  $20  to  a 
tailor  or  tailor's  helper,  the  amount  depending  upon 
I  the  complement  of  the  ship. 


16 


Who's  Who  in  the  Great  War. 


UNITED  STATES. 

Woodrow  Wilson  (1856) — President,  March  4,  1913. 

Newton  D.  Baker  (1871) — Secretary  of  War. 

Bernard  M.  Baruch  (about  1873) — Head  of  War  In- 
dustries Board.  _      .     . 

Rear  Admiral  William  S.  Benson  (1855) — Chief  of 
Naval  Operations  abroad. 

Major  Gen.  Tasker  H.  Bliss  (1S53)— Chief  of  Staff, 
Feb.  15,  1915 — Dec.  31,  1917. 

William  Jennings  Bryan  (1860) — SecretaiT  of  State, 
Marcli  4,  1913— June  9,  1915. 
.hamp  Clark  (1860) — Speaker  of  House  ol  Repre- 
sentatives. 

George  Creel  (1878) — Chairman  Committee  on 
Public  Information. 

Brig.  Gen.  Enoch  Herbert  Crowder  (1859) — Provost 
Marshal  General,  in  charge  of  draft. 

Josephus  Daniels  (18G2) — Secretary  of  Navy. 

Thomas  A.  Edison  (1847) — President  of  Naval  Con- 
sulting Board. 

Henry  Ford  (1863) — Assistant  Director  of  United 
States  Shipping  Board. 

Hugh  Frayne  (1868) — On  War  Industries  Board. 

Harry  A.  Garfield  (1863) — Fuel  Administrator.      - 

James  W.  Gerard  (1867) — Ambassador  to  Germany, 
July  28,  1913,  to  July,  1917. 

Cardinal  James  Gibbons  (1834) — Honorary  Chair- 
man of  League  for  National  Unity. 

Major  Gen.  G.  W.  Goethals  (1858) — Director  United 
States  Shipping  Corporation. 

Samuel  Gompers  (1850) — Chairman  of  Federal  Com- 
mittee on  Labor,  of  Council  of  National  Defense. 

Thomas  Watt  Gregory   (1861) — Attorney  General. 

Herbert  C.  Hoover  (1874) — Federal  Food  Adminis- 
trator. 

Col.  Edward  M.  House  (1858) — Special  Representa- 
tive of  the  President  to  Europe. 

Charles  Evans  Hughes  (1862) — Federal  Aircraft  In- 
vestigator. 

Edward  N.  Hurley  (1864) — Chalnraan  of  United 
States  Shipping  Board. 

Robert  Lansmg  (1864) — Secretary  of  State,  June  23, 
1915. 

Mlas  Julia  C.  Lathrop  (1858) — National  Chairman 
Women's  Committee  Council  of  National  Defense. 

Brig.  Gen.  John  A.  Le  Jeuue  (1866) — Commander 
United  States  Marines,  June,  1918. 

GeF    Peyton  C.  March  (1864)— Chief  of  Staff. 

Thomas  R.  Marshall  (1854) — Vice  President  United 
States. 

William  G.  McAdoo  (1863) — Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
ury, Director  General  of  the  Railroads. 

J.  P.  Morgan  (1867) —Official  Representative  the 
British  Government  placing  munition  contracts 
in  United  States. 

Henry  Morgenthau  (1856) — Ambassador  to  Turkey, 
1913. 

Rear  Admiral  Albert  T.  Niblack  (1859) — In  com- 
mand of  United  States  warships  In  Mediterranean. 

A.  Mitchell  Palmer  (about  1872) — AUen  Property 
Custodian. 

Gen.  John  J.  Pershing  (1860) — In  charge  of  Ameri- 
can Expeditionary  Forces  in  Europe. 

Charles  A.  Plez  (1867) — General  Manager  United 
States  Shipping  Board. 

Bear  Admiral  Hugh  Rodman  (entered  Annapolis  in 
1875) — Commander  United  States  Battleships  in 
Foreign  Waters. 

Ellhu  Root  (1845) — Head  of  American  Mission  to 
Russia. 

Major  Gen.  Hugh  L.  Scott  (1854) — ^Trained  Soldiers 
for  Overseas  Duties. 

Charles  M.  Schwab  (1862) — ^Director  General  Emer- 
gency Fleet  Corporation. 

Dr.  Anna  Howard  Shaw  (1847) — Chairman  Women's 
Committee  Council  of  National  Defense. 

Vice  Admiral  William  S.  Sims  (1858) — Commander 
United  States  Fleet  in  European  Waters. 

WllUam  Howard  Taft  (1857) — Member  of  War  Labor 
Conference  Board,  President  League  to  Enforce 

"  Reace. 

Frank  P.  Walsh  (1864) — Chairman  Labor  Board. 

Major  Gen.   Leonard   Wood    (1860) — Commander. 
1917,  Department  of  the  East,  United  States  Army, 
GREAT  BRITAIN. 

King  George  V.  (1865). 

Xord  Alfred  Charles  William  Harmsworth  North- 
cllfie  (1865)— Head  oT  British  Wst  Mlaaton  >fl 
UnltfHj  States,  1917.  '■'  ■    -    ,  .       ■■-.   . .    •    -  ' ' 


WHO'S   WHO    IN    THE    GREAT    WAR. 

(Date  of  birth  is  in  parentheses.) 


Herbert  Asqulth  (1852) — Prime  Minister  when  war 
broke  out;  resigned  Dec.  5,  1916. 

Arthm-  J.  Balfour  (1848) — Secretary  of  State  for  For- 

■-  eign  Affairs. 

Admiral  Sir  David  Beatty  (1871) — Commander  of 
the  Grand  Fleet,  succeeding  Jellicoe,  May  31,  1916. 

Louis  Botha  (1863) — Premier  of  the  Transvaal,  1907- 
1910. 

Gen.  Sir  Julian  Byng  (1862) — Commander  of  British 
Third  Army;  in  attack  on  Cambral,  Nov.  20,  1917. 

Miss  Edith  Cavell  (about  1874) — Nurse;  executed 
Oct,  13,  1915. 

Sir  John  French  (1852) — Commander  of  British 
Forces  at  first  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

Right  Hon.  David  Lloyd  George  (18C3)— British 
Premier,  Dec,  1916. 

Sir  Douglas  Halg  (1861) — Commander  of  British 
Forces  on  Western  Front,  1918. 

Admiral  Sir  John  R.  Jellicoe  (1859) — Commander 
of  Fleet  at  battle  of  Jutland,  May  31.  1910. 

Andrew  Bonar  Law  (1858) — Chancellor  of  Ex- 
chequer. 

Sir  Horace  Curzon  Plunkett  (1854) — Chairman  of 
Irish  Convention. 

Earl  Rufus  Daniel  Isaacs  Reading  (1800) — Am- 
bassador to  United  States. 

Gen.  Jan  Christian  Smuts  (1870) — Colonial  Secre- 
tary of  the  Transvaal. 

FRANCE. 

Raymond  Polncare  (1860) — President.  Jan.  17, 1913. 

Arlstide  Brland  (1862) — Prime  Minister,  Oct.  30, 
1915— March  17,  1917. 

Georges  Clemen  ceau  (1841) — Prime  Minister,  Nov. 
17,  1917. 

Gen.  Ferdinand  Foch  (1851) — Commander  In  Chief 

I     Allied  Forces,  1918. 

Joseph  Jacques  C6sar5  Joffre  (1852) — Commander 

j    at  first  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

Gen.  Robert  Georges  Nlvelle  (1858) — French  Com- 
mander in  Chief  in  latter  part  of  1916. 

Gen.   Henry   PhlUppe   Petaln    (1856)— Defender  of 

I    Verdun,  Feb.-Oct.,  1916. 

Rene  Vlvianl  (1863) — Head  of  French  Commission 
to  United  States. 

RUSSIA. 

Nicholas  II.  (1868)— Czar.  Oct.  20, 1894— March  15, 
1917. 

Commander  Marie  Botchkarova  (1890) — Organizer 
of  first  Russian  Women's  Battalion  of  Death. 

Alexander  F.  Kerensky  (1881) — Premier,  July  to 
Nov.,  1917. 

Nikolai  Lenine  Ireal  name  Vlamer  UtulyanofiB  (1870) 
— Premier,  1918. 

Leon  Trotzky  [real  name  Leber  Braunsteln]  (about 
1877) — Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs. 
ITALY. 

Victor  Emmanuel  III.  (1869) — ^Klng. 

:Gen.  Lulgl   Cadoma  (1850) — Commander  tD  Chief 

j    until  1917. 

Gen.  Armando  Diaz  (1861) — Commander  In  Cblel 

I    shice  Nov.,  1917. 

Orlando  (1860) — Premier,  Oct.,  1917. 

GERMANY  AND  AUSTRIA. 

William  II.  (1859) — German  Emperor  till  November, 
1918. 

Charles  I.  of  Austria,  IV;  of  Hungary  (1887) — ^Em- 
peror of  Austria  till  November,  1918. 

Count  J.  H.  von  Bernstofl  (1862) — German  Am- 
bassador to  United  States,  1908  to  1917.  His  pass- 
ports handed  to  him  Feb.  3,  1917. 

Dr.  Theobald  Bethman-Hollweg  (1856) — German 
ChanceUor,  1909-1917. 

Count  V.  zu  Chudenitz  Czernln  (1867) — Austrian 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affah's. 

Dr.  Constantino  Dumba  (about  1857) — Austro-Hun- 
garian  Ambassador  to  United  States,  Sept.  8,  1916. 
Sent  home. 

Gen.  Paul  von  Hindenburg  (1847) — Commander  of 
Teutonic  Forces  In  France,  1917. 

Count  Georg  von  Hertling  (1843) — German  Chan- 
ceUor, Nov.,  1917. 

Gottlieb  von  Jagow  (1863) — German  Foreign  Min- 
ister, 1913-1916. 

Karl  Liebknecht(1871) — Socialist  Member  of  Reichs- 
tag.   Imprisoned  for  speech  May,  1916. 

Gen.  Ludendorfi  (1865) — German  Chief  of  Staff 
1918. 

Admiral  Alfred  von  Tlrpitz  (1849) — Secretary  of 
State  for  the  German  Admiralty,  1897-1916. 


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MUL'TIPLEX^  HAMM03JD'  S  Instantly  Changeable  Type, 
\\[air[U' i>^yA/e^'\<)^  Two   styles  or  languages 

Al  ways  on  the  mach  i  ne.  3\i'S'^  '^\J^^.x  'YVi^  ^^0"B  and    change 
LATEST  MULTIPLEX  MODELS 

rpi        T>  1         TV/I     1j.*_1-»     .       3  s  the  standard   for  executives,   authors,   c'ler- 

Ine  KegUlar  IVlUltiplex:      gymen,  physicians,  instructors  and  students. 

A/I    iL    *•    _1  HJI     1j.:„1^.^.      Carries    about    150    different    characters,    for 

iViatnematlCai  IViUltiplex:      the    writing    of   all    algebraic  .equations   and 
mathematical  problems — and  all  other  kinds  of  work. 

D«.TA,L.«:U1»  R/7,,U^i».1»-»-.      AVhen  the  writing  is  reversed  from  English— He- 

KeverSlDle  iViUitipIex:      brew,  Arabic,  Turkish,  Persian,  etc.— just  turn  a 

lever  and  the  carriage  is  reversed  for  writing  Occidental  ilanguages. 

Variable  Type  Spacing  Multiplex  ^^o^'i^ieJ'^^'^lo^^'^ 

may  be  condensed  to  one-third  or  one-fourth  the  size  of  ordinary  typewrit- 
ing. On  the  same  machine,  by  turning  a  lever,  the  spacing  may  be  changed 
to  regular  typewriter  spacing. 

Also-A  NEW 
PORTABLE 

//  pounds  full  capacity 

Send    to-day    for    the    story    of    the 
"MIRACLE   OF  THE    MULTIPLEX" 

Hammond  Typewriter  Company 
581  E.  69th  Street     «     New  York  City 

16— A 


.c  shall  be  filled  with  music. 
,s  that  infest  the  day 
.heir   tents   like   the   Arabs, 
.lently  steal  away." 

Longfellow 


The  Fame  of  the 

TEINWAY 

the  piano  by  which  all  others  are  measured  and  judged,  is  not 
merely  a  local  or  national  one.  It  is  international,  universal, 
world-wide,  and  is  the  recognition,  in  the  strongest  possible 
manner,  of  a  work  of  art  that  is  in  its  line  unequalled  and 
unrivalled. 

From  its  inception  the  Steinway  Piano 
has  been  known  as  THE  BEST  PIANO,  with- 
out qualification  and  without  limitation* 

Catalogue  and  prices  on  application. 

Soli  on   convenient  payments. 

Old  pianos  taken  in  exchange. 

Inspection  incited. 

STEINWAY  &  SONS,  STEINWAY  HALL 

107-109  EAST   14th  STREET.  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Subway  Express  Stations  at  the  Door 

Represented   by   the   Foremost   Dealers   Everywhere 

16— B 


Here's  the  kind  of  a 

man  who  makes  bi^ 


moneyo 

of  him  tells  you  that. 

He  gets  what  he  goes 

after. 

But  supposing  his  hair 
was  thin,  scraggly  and 
dead -looking,  or  so  oily 
that  it  lay  flat  and  greasy 
on  his  scalp!  Or  suppos- 
ing tha  t  it  was  so  dry  that 
it  shed  Dandruff  all  over 
his  shoulders!  His  hair 
would  queer  his  whole 
appearance,  wouldn't  it? 


A  Liquid  for  Dandruff 

Good-looking  hair!  Healtlij^  vigorous  hair!  Ah,  there's  the 
final  toucli  to  a  good  money-making  appearance.  Neglect  of  the 
hair  brings  on  Dandruff.  Premature  baldness  often  results. 
Ponipeian  HAIR  Massage  stopsi  Dandruff.  Pompcian  HAIR 
Massage  keeps  the  scalp  healthy  and  hence  the  hair  vigorous, 
clean  and  good  looking. 

Not  oily,  nor  gummy,  nor  smelly.  Delightful  to  use.  Made 
by  the  reliable  and  experienced  makers  of  the  famous  Poinpeian 
MASSAGE  Cream  and  Pompeian  NIGHT  Cream. 

Look  your  best.  Keep  your  hair  healthy.  Begin  today.  60c 
and  $1.10  bottles  at  the  drug  stores.  Ask  for  Pompeian  HAIR 
Massage  by  name.     At  j'our  barber's,  too. 

THE  POMPEIAN  MFG.  CO. 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

16— c 


1  Learned  to  Read 
Character  at  Sight 

The  Strange  Adventure  of  Carlton  Steele 


"That  man  is  a  band  leader." 
said  the  lady  in  white,  turning- 
casually  in  her  steamer  chair. 
"And  his  companion  is  the  man 
■who  owns  the  band." 

I  had  overheard  a  little  group 
on  the  deck  of  the  Mauretania 
discussing — as  is  the  pleasant 
habit  of  ocean  travelers  the  first 
day  out — who  their  two  rather 
distinguished-looking  fellow 
travelers  might  be  who  had  kept 
themselves  so  aloof  since  we 
sailed  from  Southampton. 

From  the  looks  of  blank 
amazement  on  the  faces  of  the 
lady's  companions,  and  from 
their  exclamations,  it  dawned  on 
me  that  she  was  telling  what 
these  men  were  without  having 
the  faintest  idea  who  they  were. 

"You  know  who  slie  is,  don't 
you?''  said  my  traveling  mate, 
Dr.  Allen.  "She  is  the  most 
famous  Character  Anal3'^st  in  the 
United  States — Dr.  Kathevine 
M.  H.  Blackford.  Let  me  intro- 
duce you,"  said  he,  moving  over 
from  the  rail. 

And  at  that  moment  began  what  I 
consider  perhaps  the  most  remarkable 
— and  profitable  —  experience  of  my 
whole  life. 

"Mr.  Steele,  I  don't  know  either  of 
them  from  Adam."  said  Dr.  Blackford 
v.'ith  a  gleaming',  smile  and  a  twinkle 
of  her  lieen,  dark  eyes,  "but  I  am  sure 
that  my  conclusion  is  correct." 


Sure  enough.  We  checked  up  Dr. 
Blackford  that  same  evening  and  found 
that  the  two  "mysterious  strangers" 
were — who  do  you  think? 

Why,  no  other  than  the  Leader  of  the 
Boston  Symphony  Orchestra  and  the 
President  of  the  Corpor:ition  owning  the 
orchestra  (the  "band  leader"  and  the 
"owner  of  the  band"). 

T^Tien  I  congratulated  Dr.  Blackford 
on  her  quite  unbelievable  feat  she  said, 
"Mr.  Steele,  you  could  do  that  just  as 
easily  as  I  do,  if  you  would  only  take 
the  pains.  Really  you  could.  There  is 
no  trick  about  it,  or  second  sight,  or 
any  such  rubbish. 

"It  is  just  knowing  how  to  size  up 
people  by  .looking  at  them,  and  study- 
ing in  one  swift  but  careful  survey  their 
features  and  physique  and  gestures  and 
habit  of  conversation. 

"It  all  seems  so  simple  that  I  often 
wonder  why  every  normal  man  or 
woman  cannot  do  the  same  thing. 

"But  I  have  taught  thousands  of 
people  how  to  read  and  analyze  charac- 
ter— all  the  way  from  office  and  factory 
employees  to  state  governors,  owners  of 
large  newspapers  and  corporation 
heads." 

Right  there  I  made  up  my  mind  that 
whatever  else  I  did  when  we  landed  in 
New  York,  I  would  invest  five  dollars  in 
Dr.  Blackford's  popular  course  in  "Read- 
ing Character  at  Sight,"  which  I  learned 
her  publishers,  the  Independent  Corpor- 
ation, were  now  marketing  nationally 
as  a  far-reaching  educational  service. 

Five  dollars!  Why  I  tell  you  that 
Course  has  been  worth  five  thousand 
dollars  to  me  already.  In  seven  fascin- 
ating lessons  I  have  discovered  how  to 
tell  what  a  man  is  like  from  What  he 
looks  like.  In  fact  I  got  the  real  secret 
of  it  in  the  first  lesson,  right  in  iny 
I  own  home. 


16— D 


As  a  result  I  am  getting  to  be  a  judge 
ot  character  to  an  extenti  I  nev(er 
dreamed  was  possible. 
Honestly,  I  never  kneiu  people  before. 
It  is  a  positive  revelation  to  be  able 
to  "look  right  through  people,"  as  the 
old  saying  goes,  and  be  able  by  apply- 
ing Dr.  Blackford's  simple  method  to 
tell  what  people  really  are— under  the 
surface. 

Knowing  now  the  peculiar  dualities 
ot  the  men  or  women  I  meet  in  busi- 
ness— by  obsei'ving  them  closely — I 
know  how  to  deal  with  them  more  suc- 
cessfully; how  to  say  the  right  thing; 
how  to  influence  them  effectively;  how 
to  interest  them;  how  to  meet  them  in 
a  business  transaction,  or  a  discussion, 
and  secure  every  proper  advantage. 

How  many  times  have  you  .said:  "Oh, 
if  I  had  only  known  (liim  or  her)  then 
as  I  do  now !"  How  different  it  all 
might  have  been." 

Dr.  Blackford's  lessons  will  save  you 
from  any  such  painful  experience  as 
this.  Her  method  is  simple  and  accu- 
rate and  amazingly  easy  to  master— 
because  it  is  not  drudgery  but  just  a 
fascinating  game  of  "sizing  people  up;" 
It  is  not  guesswork,  but  a  sensible 
and  scientific  application  of  physical 
and  psy'chological  laws  that  govern 
human  character  and   actions. 

Photographing  character!  Sounds  as 
strange  as  aviation  and  wireless  did  a 
few  years  ago,  doesn't  it?  Yet  that  is 
precisely  what  Dr.  Blackford's  lessons 
teaoh  you  to  do. 

Men  and  women  of  all  conditions  have 
come  to  her  for  icnowledge  about  them- 
selves. Heads  of  large  corporations, 
engineers,  physicians,  bankers,  educa- 
tors have  studied  her  course  and 
profited  thereby. 

I  see  now  why  so  many  thousands 
have  sought  Dr.  Blackford's  guidance  in 
solving  the  greatest  problems  of  their 
business   and  their   every-day   lives. 

I  see  why  she  has  been  sought  as 
counsellor  by  such  concerns  as  the  Scott 
Paper  Company.  Baker-Vawter  Com- 
pany Westinghouse  Electric  and  Manu- 
facturing Company  and  scores  of  other 
great    concerns. 

Dr  Blackford  has  a  wonderful  mes- 
sage, and  for  the  first  time  it  has  been 
put  into  a  popular  home-study  course 
of  seven  lessons  at  a  price  withm  the 

rear.h  of  all. 

16 


Do  not  fail  t^ 
cost  you  a  penny  . 

When    you    have  ■ 
with  that  wonderful  fii. 
where  yo^c  come  in,  I  stru 
that   your  verdict   will   be 
Mr.  L.  E.  Hawley  ot  Grand  K. 
wrote: 

"If    I   ■'had    known    yeara    asro    wh.. 
have   lourncd   already   from   Dr.    Blac. 
ford's     Course,     the     knowledKe     woula 
have  been  worth  a  thousand  timea  tne 
Drice  of  these  lessons  to  me." 

Dr.  Blackford  has  shown  me  a  hun- 
dred other  letters  Kke  this  from  her 
grateful  pupils.  .She  has  thousands 
more. 

So  why   wait  another   minute? 

CARLTON  STEELE. 

Send  No  Money 

So  confident  is  the  Independent  Cor- 
poration that  once  you  have  seen  Dr. 
Blackford's  Course  in  "Reading  Charac- 
ter at  Sight"  you  will  want  to  keep  it. 
that  they  are  willing  to  send  the  entire 
Course  to  you  on  free  examination. 

Send  the  coupon  for  it  now— or  write  a 
letter  and  it  will  be  sent  you,  charges 
prepaid.  ^ 

If  you  are  not  entirely  satisfied  with 
the  Course,  send  it  back  and  you  will 
owe  nothing. 

If  on  the  other  hand,  you  like  it  as  do 
thousands  of  others  who  have  used  Dr. 
Blackford's  Course  with  immense  profit 
to  themselves,  send  $5  in  full  payment. 

You  take  no  risk  and  have  everythmg 
to  gain,  so  mail  the  coupon  before  this 
remarkable  offer  is  withdrawn. 


FREE  EXAMINATION  COUPON 


Division  ot  Business  Education. 
Dept.  7S1.  119  West  40th  St.,  New  York. 

Publishers  of  The  Independent  (and 
Bai-per's  Weekly) 
Pleaso  send  me  Dr.  Blackford's  Course 
of  seven  lessons  called  Reading  Character 
at  Si-ht  I  will  either  remall  the  Course 
to  you  within  five  days  after  its  receiot 
or  send  you  S5. 


Name   .  - 
Addrpst. 


■#'% 
^^^ 


I  t  f  I   :  !  (  •  <  '  ' 


THE  DUPLEX 
BULAR  PUTE  PRESS 


24-PAGE    4-Pl,ATE   WIDE   METKOPOLITAN    TUBULAR    PLATE   PRESS 

60.000     per     hour     4.     6.     8.     10     and     12-nasre     papers; 
30.000  per  iiouT  14.   16.   18.   20.   22   and  24-pae:e  papers. 

THE  NEW  YORK  .JOURNAL,  OF  COMMERCE  has  one  of  these 
machines  (as  illustrated),  the  equivalent  of  a  sextuple,  printing  its 
many    different    editions    daily. 

THE  DETROIT  DAILY  TIMES  (Mich.)  also  has  a  32-page  machine, 
'giving  them,  with  great  economy  and  facWity,  the  productive  capacity  of 
an  octuple   of   any   other   type. 

THE  RICHMOND  (VA.)  NEWS-LEADER  has  two  24-page  4-plate  wide 
presses  of  the  above  type  (each  the  equivalent  in  printing  capacity  of  a 
sextuple  of  any  other  style). 

THE  VANCOUVER  (B.  C.)  DAILY  PROVINCE  for  several  years  has 
used  two  24-page  2-plate  wide  Tubulars.  They  have  installed  two  32-page 
4-pIate  wide  machines  of  the  above  type.  This  second  order  for  a  new 
and  much  larger  equipment  by  such  'a  puiblication  is  sufficient  evidence 
of   the    success    of    Tubular    Fiate    principles. 

THESE  NEWSPAPERS  are  but  a  few  of  the  many  scores  which 
have  adopted  the  Tubular  Plate  Press.  Recognition  by  newspaper 
engineers,  operators  and  publishers  of  its  economy,  efficiency,  simplic- 
ity and  flexibility  compared  to  the  semi-cylindrical  style  is  conclusive. 


MORE  TUBULAR  PLATE  PRESSES  NEW  of  the  popular 
sizes — 12  to  20  pages — have  been  sold  by  us  during  the  past  two 
years  than  have  been  sold  NEW  of  other  styles  by  all  our  com- 
petitors  combined   TEN    TIMES    OVER. 


INVESTJG.SiTE  WHY— WRITE  US. 

DUPLEX  PRINTING  PRESS  COMPANY 

BATTLE  CREEK,  MICHIGAN 

Saitt  Fianciisco.  World   Buddmg 

16— F 


The  newest,  most  convenient  and  scientific  way  oi 
eliminating  intestinal  toxins  and  bacterial  poisons  gen- 
erally^ without  the  use  of  drugs. 

A  positive  necessity  in  every  household  in  which 
good  health  is  a  watchword  . 

SAVES  WORRY-LOSS  OF  TIME-DOCTORS'  BILLS 

The  Dupell  Internal  Bath  is  operated  by  simph^ 
filling  it  with  plain  warm  water  and  after  the  soft  rectal 
cone  is  inserted,  comfortably  sitting  upon  it.  The  pres- 
sure forces  the  water  into  the  colon,  giving  immediate 
relief. 

Has  the  indorsement  and  recommendation  of 
thousands  of  physicians,  trained  nurses  and  users. 


The  Dupell  has  the  following-  combinations: 

1.  INTERNAL    B'ATH — A,    Hydrostatic    Pressure;    B.        ^^     «w    ^    w 
Self-Pressure  Feed.  ^  „  „.  Dunell 

2.  Rectal    dilator:     For   self- application    m    cases   of        ^  SeUinK    Corn., 
Constipation,  Piles  and  all  rectal  diseases.                               '^"^L    Y"*^]'    »*•• 

3.  Rectal  Conei  (small)   for  children,  ^        Brooufvii*    n"  Y 

4.  Vaginal  Whirl  Spray  and  Dilaior.  ^  inclosed  'find  '$6.00 
E.  Water  or  Air  Cushion.  ^  money  order.  Send  me 
6.  HOT  Water  Bottle.                                                                 ^     Dupell      Internal      Bath, 

Fill  out  the  Coupon  to-day — NOW!  and  send  comniete. 

it  with  a  money  order  for  $6.00.     That  is  the  first       9 
step  toward  perfect  'health.    You  are  absolutely     ^ 

safe    in   ordering- the  "DUPELL,"  for  if  it  as  not       v     Name    

satisfactory  or   does  not  meet  with   your  ex-      a- 
pectation  in  every  way,  dt   can  be   returned 

within  10  days  and  money  will  be  refunded.       >     Address    

Interesting    Booklet  on    Internal   Bathing 
FREE   ON    REQUEST^ 16— G 


Direct  from 
To  Save 

Brand  New  Oliver  Typewriters  for 
Almost  Half  What  They  Used  toCost. 
Latest  and  Best  Model.  Sold  Under 
a  New  Money-Saving  Plan.  Five 
Days'  Free  Trial.  No  Money  Down- 
Over  a  Year  to  Pay. 


Over  600,000  Sold 

This  is  the  offer  of  The  Oliver  Typewriter  Company  itself— a  $2,000,000  cor«cern. 

The  Oliver  Typewriter  Company  gives  this  guarantee:  The  Oliver  Nine  we  now 
sell  direct  is  the  exact  machine —our  Model  No.  9— whidh  was  formerly  priced 
at  $100. 


We  do  not  offer  a  second-hand 
nor  rebuilt  machine.  So  do  not  con- 
fuse this  new  $57  Oliver  with  other 
offers. 

The  $43  you  now  save  is  the  result 
of  new  and  efficient  sales  methods. 

Formerly  there  were  thousands  of 
Oliver  salesmen  and  agents.  We  had 
to  maintain  expensive  offices  dn  many 
cities.  Other  costly  and  roundabout 
sales  methods  kept  the  price  of  type- 
Rnriters  around  $100. 

By  ending  all  these  wastes  and 
adopti-ng  a  new  plan  we  save  t'he 
American  pu'-Mc  millions  of  dollars. 


HOW    TO    SAVE 

This  is  our  plan:  You  may  have  an 
Oliver  for  free  trial  by  answering  this 
advertisement. 

Or  if  you  wish  further  Information, 
check  the  coupon. 

We  will  send  you  an  Oliver  Nine 
direct  to  your  office  or  home  for  five 
days*  free  trial;  it  does  not  cost  you 
a  cent.  Nor  are  you  under  the 
slightest  obligation  to  buy. 

We  give  you  the  opportunity  to  be 
your  own  salesman  and  save  $43.  You 
are  the  sole  judge.  There  are  no 
salesmen  to  influence  you. 

If  you  decide  to  keep  the  Oliver, 
pay  us  at  the  rate  of  $3  per  month. 
If  you  do  not  wish  to  keep  it,  we  even 


Tkis*  |0 oirp^      Is  Wo 


16-H 


refund  the  transportation  charses. 
That  is  all  there  is  to  our  plan.  It 
is  simplicity  itself. 

A  FAVORITE 

This  standard  keyboard,  visible  Oli- 
ver has  long  been  the  world's  model. 
If  you  remember,  Oliver  introduced 
visible  -writing. 

Tear  after  year,  Oliver  inventors 
have  set  the  pace.  Today's  model — 
the  Nine — is  their  greatest  achieve- 
ment. 

Any  stenographer  naay  turn  to  the 
Oliver  and  operate  it  like  any  other 
machine.  In  fact,  its  simplicity  rec- 
ommends it  to  people  who  have  never 
used  a  typewriter  before. 

This  Oliver  Nine  is  the  finest,  the 
costliest,  the  most  successful  model  we 
have  ever  built.  If  any  typewriter  is 
worth  $100,  it  is  this  handsome  ma- 
chine— the  greatest  Oliver  triumph. 

Regardless  of  price,  do  not  spend 
one  cent  upon  any  typewriter — whether 
new,  second  hand  or  rebuilt — do  not 
even  rent  a  machine  until  you  have 
investigated  thoroughly  our  proposi- 
'^ion. 

I    Used  by  Big  Business 

;        Xt    is    the    same    coramercial    ma- 

i  chino  vceO  by  U.  S.  Steel  Corporation, 

National    City    Bank    of    New    York, 

I  Moutffomery  Ward  &  Co.,  Curtis  Pub- 

'  lisiiinir    Co.,    Pennsylvania    Railroad, 

Hnrt    Schaiffner    &    Marx,    Morris     & 

Company.  New  Yoi'k  "World."   Ward 

Baking-   Company,   Jones    &   Langnlin 

Steel  Company,   Western  Clock  Com- 

oajiy — *'Big       Beai,"       Encyclopaedia 

Britannioa     and     a     host     of     others. 

Over  600.OOO  have  been  sold. 


The  Oliver  Typewriter  Company,  by 
this  great,  money-savingr,  price-reducing 
plan  is  entitled  to  your  first  considera- 
tion. 

Note  the  two-way  coupon.  Send  at 
once  for  the  free-trial  Oliver,  or  for  our 
startling  book  entitled  "The  High  Cost 
of  Typewriters — the  Reason  and  the 
Remedy." 

This  amazing  book  exposes  the  fol- 
lies of  the  old  selling  plans  and  tells  the 
whole  story  of  the  Oliver  Rebellion. 
With  it  we  send  i  new  catalog,  picturing 
and  describing  the  Oliver  Klne. 

Don't  turn  over  this  page  without 
clipping    the   coupon. 

THE  OLIVER  TYPEWRITER  COMPANY 
C-24  Qiiver  Typewriter  Building,  Chicago,  III. 

TAKE  YOUR  CHOICE 

Check    the    coupon    for 
Free  Trial  Oliver  or  for  the 
Book,     Mail    today.      To 

are  not  obi 

gated   to 

'buy. 


FREES. 


rTIIB  OLIVElt  TYPEWKITKR  CO. 
C-34  Oliver  Type^vl•ite^  BUlg., 
Chicago,  111. 


I 


itfl^^ 


IShip  me  a  new  Oliver  Nine  for 
five  days'  free  inspection.  If  I  keep 
It  I  win  /pay  $5  7  at  the  rate  of  S3 
per  month.  The  title  to  remain  in 
you  until  fully  paid  for. 

My  shipping  point  is 

This  does  not  place  me  under  any 
obligation  to  buy.  If  I  choose  to 
return  the  Oliver,  I  will  ship  it  back 
at  your  expense  at  tha  end  of  five 
days. 

ZIZdo    not    send    a    machine    until    I 

order  it.      Mail   me  your   book "The 

High  Cost  of  Typewriters — Tha 
Reason  and  the  Remedy."  your  de 
luxe  catalog  and  further  information. 

Name 


16 


Street  Address 
J  I  City    . State 


awBiJS" 


!Hsr« 


U'."'.iJI."l.-'J-  "  '  I'll'""  II I  III  JI'.'U'  I"'.' I'.  I'll  'IJ'.T 


I 


.  Watch   Your  Change 


WE  WILL  BUY  S^f.r ^ 


cash  fnr  rare  old  U.  S.  and  Foreign 
BiUs  and  Medals  to  1916.  Dimes  of 
1S94  with  Mint  mark  "S"  are  worth  SIOO.OO.  We  nay  ud  to 
$80  for  cfirtain  dates  large  copper  cems;  old  2c.  pieces  up  to 
$1.50:  1856  Eagle  cents.  $3  to  $10;  So.  pieces,  5c  to  $2;  1916 
quarters,  no  Mint  mark.  30c.;  half  dollar.  1878  "S"  Mint.  $5; 
old  silver  dollars,  up  to  $750;  gold  dollars,  premiums  on  all  dates 
for  some  up  to  $100.00;  gold  $2.50,  up  to  $100.00.  We  are  tne 
only  coin  firm  ofteriag  $100.00  for  1S5S  "S"  Mint  $2.50;  $5 
gold  pieces,  certain  dates  without  motto,  $6.00  up  to  $750.00 
each.     We  buy  single  coins  or  entire  collections  to  any  value. 

Hundreds  of  Rare  Coins  Circulate  Unnoticed 

M.aiiy  valuable  coins  are  in  circuilation.  passing  from  hand  to  hand,  their 
higher  va-lue  unknown  and  being  used  at  face  value  only.  This  is  a  daily  oc- 
currence. It  will  pay  you  to  know  a  valuable  coin  w.hen  you  see  it.  Get 
posted.  Send  4c.  in  stamps  for  our  illustrated  coin  circuilar.  If  an  unusual 
lookin,g  U.  S.  Coin  is  given  you  in  change  don't  pass  it  on,  conmilt  our  coin 
catalog.  You  may  have  handled  a  dime  worth  $100  and  not  known  it.  You 
certainly  have  nothinji  to  lose  and  it  may  mean  much  profit  to  you.  You 
don't  need  to  write  a  letter.  Just  sign  your  name  and  address  on  a  slip  of 
paper,  pin  4c.  in  stamps  to  it  and  send  it  NOW  while  you  are  -thinking 
about  it  to 

The  Numismatic  Bank,  Dept.  S,  Fort  Worth,  Texas. 

The  largest  rsro  coin  establisbment  in  the   United  Stattas.     Estab- 
lished   nearly    'M   vpars.      Ws    i-nm    nnf\    ocnmv   our    own    building.       -^f. 


%#*4!*4#A*##***#*******4***##*«^##****#****#**#4***-^ 


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25  Park  Place,  New  York 


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16— K 


K.  I.  SHORTHAND,  the  simplified  stenography,  has  taken  the 
world  by  storm.    As  easy  to  learn  as  A-B-C.    For  men,  vomen,  boys 
and  girls.    Absolutely  practical;  endorsed  by  experts.     It  is  guaran- 
teed j'ou  can  learn  or  there  will  be  no  cost  to  you. 

The    guaranteed    K.    I.    Shorthand    System.     Learn  it  in  five 
evenings;  then  acquire  speed  so  that  you  take  down  letters,  telephone  mes- 
sages) orders,  testimony,  speeches,  etc.,  as  fast  as  one  ordinarily  talks. 


K.  I.  Shorthand  is  astonishing  everybody.  Used  in  U.  S.  Government 
Service,  and  by  legions  of  persons  who  use  it  as  a  vocation  or  as  an  aid  in  their 
regular  employment. 

Just  Think!  No  tedious  school  attendance  for  months  to  learn  short- 
hand.    You  learn  at  home.     $5,000  challenge  that  K.  I.  Shorthand  is  the  best. 


Send  right  now  for  FREE  LESSONS  that  will  start  you  in  K.  I.  Short- 
hand. Then,  wlien  you  see  how  delightfuly  easy  it  is,  j'ou  may  have  the  whole 
course  of  correspondence  instruction  on  a  month's  approval.  And  remember, 
ours  is  the  cheapest.  Learn  by  mail;  no  personal  teacher  need  stand  near  you ! 
Why  waste  months  and  weary  your  brain  in  the  old  co.uplex  systems 
of  shortliand?  Those  are  as  much  out-of-date  as  a  mule  wagon  compared  to 
an  automobile!  Altliough  we  shall  send  you  a  convincing  dossier  of  proofs, 
you  will  easily  verify  for  yourself  by  the  free  lessons 

Write  to  the  nearer  office  for  free  lessons 
/v  ^  with   many   endorsements. 

as  below: 


brochures,    etc.. 


"Talk  as  fast  as 
2/ojt  tike.  I  am 
taking  it  doicn  in 
K.  /.  Shorthand," 


Q/!Ct77g  InsfitiitQ 

E  B-294,  Station  F,  New  York  City 
—  or  — 

8So.WabashAve.,E-B294,Chicago,IlI. 


16— L 


At  the  Lecture, 


jngfield  Metallic  Casket  Co. 

Springfield,  Ohio^  U.  S.  A, 

jrial  Caskets  of  Quality 
Unsurpassed  Construotion 

The  Springfield  Metallic  Caskets  are  made  of  the  best  grades  of 
Bronze,  Copper,  Cast  Metal,  Armco-Purity  metals.  More  than  seventy- 
five  styles  and  combinations,  which  meet  the  demands  of  those  wishing 
the  very  best  as  well  as  those  of  the  average  well-to-do. 

They  protect  the  bodies  of  your  dead  from  the  hideous  violations  of 
the  earth.  They  keep  the  remains  sacred  forever.  In  points  of  design,  con- 
struction and  beauty  we  positively  give  the  best  value  for  the  money, 


being 


far  superior  to  a  mere  wooden  casket. 


Copyright— C.  Deuble,  Can  ton,  O. 
The  ilcKinley  Monument  at  Canton, 
Ohio.  In  tills  tomb  lie  tbe  remains 
of  the  late  Presidpnt  McKinley  and 
his  wife  in  Springfield  Metallic  Cas- 
kets of-  bron»e, 


Tbe  SpringlieW  State  Bronze 

The  "Washington" 

Dark  Statuary  Bronze  finish,  highly  polished. 
The  most  perfect  burial  receptacle  known.  U.  S. 
Letters  Patent  No.  610537. 

Also  manufacturers  of  Steel  and  Armco  Purity 
Metal  Burglar-proof  Grave  Vaults.  Copper  or 
Zinc  metallic  inner  linings,  Casket  Carriag4(»  and 
Pedestals.  A  large  and  varied  line  of  Casket 
■Hardware  in  a  variety  of  finishes.  Cloth  covered 
wood  caskets,  dry  goods  and  sundries.  Send  for 
catalogs. 

"The  Final  Tribute"  tells  of  the  efforts  of  all 
peoples,  even  savages,  to  preserve  the  bodies  of 
their  dead.   Send  for  it. 

For    sale    by   the    leading    Funeral    Directors 
everywhefre. 
16— M 


Members  of 

Raw    Fur    Merchants' 

Association  of  New  York 

Members  of 

Fur  Merchants'  Credit 
Association  of  New  York 


X  »>)  ^^  f  >-ea»  0  « 


JOS.  STEINER  &  BROS. 


MERCHANTS 

115  to  125  West  30th  Street 
NEW  YORK 


We  pay  the  highest  market  price  for 
all  Furs  caught  during  the  season;  also 
pay  all  express  and  parcel  post  charges. 


16— N 


None  genuine  wllhoitii 
Trade  Mark." 


yRE  and  TE3N  YEARS 
.g  life,  yet  about  THIRTY 
xS  of  it  is  spent  in  bed. 
Then  why  not 
make  your  bed 
a  s  comfoi'table 
ais  it  can  be 
made? 

Quilted  Mat- 
tress pads  will 
not  only  make 
it  comfortajble, 
but  as  they  are 
spread  over  the 
mattress  they 
will  protect  it, 
and  will  keep 
crib    in    a    perfect 


youir   bed    or   .Dafoy's 
sanitary  condition. 

Quilted  Mattress  pads  wash  perfectly 
and  are  as  good  as  new  after  Launder- 
ing. 

For  sale  by  all  Dry  Goods  dealers. 

Excelsior  Quilting  Co. 

15  Laight  Street         New  York 


PROTECT  YOUR 

ABDOMEN 


M^ 


EX  AND  WOMfBN  for  whom  protection 
•and  isupport  for  the  abd,om«ii  lias  tiecoine 
a  necessity — reaily  a  part  of  them — will  ^:el- 
come  the  oi>portimity  of  being 
able  to  (Procure  scientiifically  cor- 
rect pioitection — protection  which 
elimmatee  all  the  orbjectiocable 
features  of  a-bdominal  supporters 
in  general,  and  gives  in  their 
(Place,  comfort,  security  and 
satisfaction,     with     a    resultant 

, ,        assurance   of  better   health   and 

''■•'•" •^''''        renewal  of  vigor.     We   wapt  to 

place  in  your  hands  facts  which 
■will  porove  in.  a  hundred  ways 
\\1iat  it  would  mean  to  you  to 
have   this   reliable 

SUPPORT  and  PROTECTION  afforded  by  the 

JSrewlv         onnnnrnRM"      Reducer- 
patented  UUUUrur\m       supporter 

FRFF  ^'^  ^^^  '^'^■'^  ''"^  '^'^  aibdoaniinaT  (r-ro- 
n\LitJtector,  'and  if  you  should,  and  you  don't, 
(Trite  at  onte  for  FREE  detaHed  infopina+ion. 
anatomical  chart  and  .picturea  of  this  ■wonder- 
ful  invention. 

f.  .IVee — Informatfion  Coupon — .  .Free 
GOODiFOEIM  MFG.  CO., 

918  DlillslBldg..  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
I  require  albdominal  projection,  and  wisb  to 
know  all   about  your  iiatented   GOODJTOUtM, 
My  'waist  aneasiue  is  inches. 

NIAIMB 

ADIDRiEISS 


Try  Magnesia 

for  Your 

Stomach  Trouble 

Most  Indigestion  Comes  From 
"Acid     Stomach."       Bisur- 
ated    Magnesia    Neutra- 
lizes Stomach  Acids. 

If  you  suifer  from  dyspepsia 
or  indigestion,  drop  pepsin,  bis- 
muth, charcoal,  soda  and  artificial 
digestive  aids  for  awhile.  Instead, 
trj"  neutralizing  the  acids  in  your 
stomach  with  a  little  Bisurated 
Magnesia  and  see  liow  fine  your 
stomach  feels  and  acts.  Relieved 
of  excess  acid  your  stomach  can 
probably  digest  anything  a  healthy, 
normal  stomach  should  digest. 
You'll   need   no   help   from   drugs. 

BISURATED 
MAGNESIA 

For  Dyspepsia  Jsidigestion 

Heartburn,  Belching,  Sour,  Acid 
Stomach,  Gas  in  Stomach,  etc., 
take  a  teaspoonful  of  Bisurated 
Magnesia  in  a  half  glass  of  hot 
water  after  eating.  Is  safe,  i^leas- 
ant  and  harmless  to  use  and  gives 
almost  instant  relief.  It  neutra- 
lizes stomach  acidity  and  sweetens 
the  food  contents  so  that  di- 
gestion is  easy  and  painless.  Sold 
by  druggists  everywhere. 


16— O 


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16— P 


ij  Should  Bathe  Internally 

Adds  Many  Years  to  Average  Life 


By  R.  W.  BEAL 


MUOH  has  been  said  and  volumes 
have  been  written  describing  at 
length  the  many  kinds  of  baths 
civilized  man  has  indulged  in 
from  time  to  time.  Every  possiible  re- 
source of  the  human  mind  has  been 
brought  into  play  to  fashion  new  methods 
of  bathing,  but  strange  as  it  may  seem, 
the  most  important  as  well  as  the  most 
beneficial  of  all  baths,  the  "Internal 
Bath,"  has  been  given  little  thought. 
The  reason  for  this  is  probaibly  due  to 
the  fact  that  few  people  seem  to  realize 
the  tremendous  part  that  internal  bath- 
ing plays  in  the  acquiring  and  main- 
taining of  health. 

If  you  were  to  ask  a  dozen  people  to 
define  an  internal  bath,  you  would  have 
as'-inany  different  definitions,  and  the 
probability  is  that  not  one  of  them  would 
be  correct.  To  avoid  any  misconception 
as  to  what  constitutes  an  internal  bath, 
let  it  be  said  that  a  hot  wiater  enema  is 
no  more  an  internal  bath  than  a  bill  of 
fare  is  a  dinner. 

If  it  were  possible  and  agreeable  to 
take,  the  great  mass  of  thinking  people 
to  witness  an  average  post-mortem,  the 
sjjrhts  they  would  see  and  the  things 
they  would  learn  would  prove  of  such 
laf-ting  benefit,  and  impress  them  so 
profoundly,  that  further  argument  in 
favor  of  internal  bathing  would  be 
unnecessary  to  convince  them.  Unfor- 
tUiiiately,  however,  it  is  not  possible  to 
do  tihis,  profitable  as  suoh  an  experience 
would  doubtless  prove  to  be.  There  is, 
then,  only  one  other  way  to  get  this  in- 
formation into  their  hands,  and  that  is 
by  acquainting  them  with  such  knowl- 
edge as  will  enable  them  to  appreciate 
the  value  of  this  long-sought-for  health- 
producing  necessity. 

Few  people  realize  what  a  very  little - 
thing  is  necessary  sometimes  to  improve 
their  physical  condition.  Also,  they  have 
almost  no  conception  of  how  a  little 
carelessness,  indifference  or  neglect  can 
be  the  fundamental  cause  of  the  most 
virulent  disease.  For  instance,  that  uni- 
versal disorder  from  which  almost  all 
hiimanity  is  suffering,  known  as  "con- 
stipation," "auto-intoxication,"  "auto- 
infection,"  land  a  multitude  of  ather 
terms,  is  not  only  curable,  but  prevent- 
able, through  the  consistent  practice  of 
internal  bathing. 

How  many  people  realize  that  normal 
functioning  of  the  bowels  and  a  clean 
intestinal  tract  make  it  impossible  to  be- 
come sick?  "Man  of  to-day  is  only  50 
per  cent,  efficient."    Reduced  to  simple 


English  this  means  that  most  men  are 
trying  to  do  a  man's  portion  of  work  on 
half  a  man's  power.  "This  applies  equally 
to  women. 

People  don't  seem  to  realize,  strange 
to  say,  how  important  it  is  to  keep  the 
body  free  from  accumulated  body  waste 
(poisons).  Their  doing  so  would  prevent 
the  absorption  into  the  blood  of  the 
poisonous  excretions  of  the  body  and 
health  would  be  the  inevitable  result. 

If  you  would  keep  your  blood  pure, 
your  heart  normal,  your  eyes  clear,  your 
complexion  clean,  your  head  keen,  your 
blood  pressure  normal,  your  nerves  re- 
laxed, and  'be  able  to  enjoy  the  vi^r 
of  youth  in  your  dedining  years,  practice 
internal  bathing  and  'begin  to-day. 

Now  that  your  attention  has  been  call- 
ed to  the  importance  of  internal  bathing, 
it  may  be  that  a  number  of  questions  will 
suggest  themselves  to  your  mind.  You 
will  probably  want  to  know  WHAT  an 
Internal  Bath  is.  WHY  people  should 
take  them  and  the  WAY  to  take  them. 
These  and  countless  other  questions  are 
answered  in  a  booklet  "intitled,  THE 
WHAT,  THE  WHY  ana  fHE  WAY  OF 
INTERNAL  BATHING,  written  by  Dr. 
Ohas.  A.  Tyrrell,  the  inventor  of  the 
"J.B.L.  Cascade,"  whose  lifelong  study 
and  research  along  this  line  made  him 
the  pre-eminent  authority  on  this  sub- 
ject. Not  only  did  internal  bathing 
save  and  prolong  Dr.  Tyrrell's  own 
life,  but  the  lives  of  multitudes  of  in- 
dividuals have  been  equally  spared  and 
prolonged.  No  other  book  has  ever  been 
written  containing  such  a  vast  amount 
of  practical  information  to  the  business 
man.  the  worker  and  the  housewife. 

All  that  is  necessary  to  secure  this 
book  is  to  write  to  Tyrrell's  Hygienic 
Institute  at  134  West  65bh  Street,  New 
York,  and  nnention  having  Tead  th'S 
article  in  the  World  Almanac,  and  same 
will  be  immediately  mailed  to  you  free 
of  all  cost  or  obligation. 

Perhaps  you  realize  now,  more  than 
ever,  the  truth  of  these  statements,  and 
if  the  reading  of  this  article  will  result 
in  a  proper  appreciation  on  your  part  of 
the  value  of  internal  bathing,  it  will  have 
served  its  purposes.  What  you  will  want 
to  do  now  is  to  avail  yourself  of  the 
opportunity  for  learning  more  about  the 
subject,  and  your  writing  for  this  book 
will  give  you  that  information.  Do  not 
put  off  doing  this,  but  send  for  the  book 
row,  while  the  matter  is  fresh  in  your 
mind. 

16— Q 


The  World.  1 


m]t  seoritr. 


*y 


JOSEPH    PULJTZER. 
April  10,  1S47       4.        October  39,  1911. 


The  jvar  1018  opened  with  Columbia,  clad  in  her  armor  of  justice  and  the  unsheathed  sword  of  de- 
niocnici'  in  her  hands,  standing  orr  tiie  sliorcs  of  France?,  with  tlie  stalwart  boys  of  Pershing's  first  ovat- 
s-.-ni  expedition  about  lier.  becliouing  tlie  uncounted  miliious  of  her  sous  to  follow.  At  home  in  America 
armies  Merc  trainin^j  in  cantoiunents  or  preparing  to  floclc  to  the  colors.  The  World,  inspired  by  the 
spirit  of  its  founder,  Josepli  Pulitzer,  who  on  Jlay  10,  1883,  didicated  it  as  ''an  institution  that  should 
always  figlit  for  progress  and  reform,  never  tolerate  injustice  or  corruption,  always  fight  demagogues" 
and  always  remain  devoted  to  the  public  welfare,  stood  shouldei'  to  shoulder  with  the  leuders  of  the 
Nation.  It  demanded  that  the  sword  of  CoUunbia  be  upheld  with  the  might  of  the  country.  It 
fought  for  every  expedient  calculated  to  win  the  war;  battled  inch  by  inch  the  subtle  propaganda  of  thi; 
enemy,  and  encouraged  our  fighting  men  already  across  with  the  promise  of  millions  of  sturdy  young 
Americans  to  follow.  Jan.  1,  James  M.  Tuohy,  The  World's  London  correspondent,  cabled  hopefully 
that  Britain  was  still  gaining  in  power  and  Germany  nearlng  her  limit  as  they  entered  the  New  Year. 
The  World  published  greetings  of  Secretary  of  War  Newton  D.  Baker  and  Secretary  of  the  Navy  Josephus 
Daniels,  asking  the  highest  effort  of  the  country  to  win  the  war.  The  World  struck  the  keynote  for 
America's  coming  most  momentoua  year  when  it  said  editorially:  "The  vast  majority  of  the  civilized 
people  of  the  world  have  only  one  wish  for  the  new  year— Peace  1  All  of  them  are  war- weary.  All  of 
them  are  looking  forward  eagerly  anu  hopefully  to  the  day  when  this  ghastly  conflict  will  end  and  or- 
ganized murder  and  calamity  will  cease.  The  outcome  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the  democratic  peoples. 
What  remains  is  to  make  certain  that  Prussianism  has  perished  from  the  earth,  and  that  is  the  task  for 
resolute  democracy  for  the  year  just  dawning." 

THE   WORLD'S  EUROPEAN   STAFF  DID   VALIANT   SERVICE. 

The  World's  coUunus  carried  the  opinions  and  declarations  of  the  greatest  minds  of  Europe,  contrib- 
uted because  of  the  known  fact  that  newspapers  all  over  the  country  watched  this  paper  as  an  aid  in  in? 
terpreting  public  opinion  for  their  own  constituents.  On  Jan.  2  Stephen  Pichon.  Minister  of  Foreign  Af- 
fairs of  France,  sent  through  The  World's  Paris  representative  a  greeting  to  the  American  people.  "On 
the  eve  of  the  New  Year,"  he  said,  "the  democracies  who  have  bound  themselves  to  defeat  Prussian  im- 
perialism after  it  has  reduced  Germany  to  servitude,  in  its  attempt  to  subject  the  world  to  a  new 
slavery,  can  regard  tlie  future  with  the  certitude  given  them  by  the  exact  consciousness  of  their  forces 
and  the  justice  of  their  cause."  In  a  lighter  vein  of  whimsical  conjecture  it  is  interesting  to  look  back 
to  the  files  of  Jan.  4  and  read  The  World's  special  cable  from  Paris  quoting  the  French  seeress,  Mnie. 
de  Thelme,  successor  to  Mme.  de  Thebes.  She  prophesied  that  "the  beginning  of  next  autumn  seems 
to  me  the  most  favorable  time  for  the  conclusion  of  peace.  Peace  negotiations  will  be  carried  on  in  a 
town  in  the  Rhine  valley."  In  the  anxious  early  days  of  the  year  there  was  a  doubt  in  many  mmds 
whether  after  all  America  would  succeed  in  getting  enough  of  her  troops  across  to  turn  the  tide.  The 
splendid  staff  of  The  World  in  Europe  did  valiant  service  to  the  public  in  keeping  it  Informed  through 
their  despatches  to  this  paper.  They  often  obtained  the  news  at  the  risk  of  their  lives  on  battlefields. 
Amo  Dosch-Fleurot  of  The  World's  European  staff  cabled  on  Jan.  19  from  Petrograd  that  Kercnsky 
was  accused  by  the  Bolshevlki  of  being  in  a  plot  to  upset  the  Government.  On  Jan.  20  he  sent  the  mo- 
mentous news  that  "The  Constitutional  Assembly  had  died  In  birth,"  as  he  had  prophesied  it  woiUd. 
The  Bolshevlki  ended  the  Assembly  by  armed  force.  On  Feb.  19  he  cabled  again  boldly  from  Petrograd 
that  "the  Bolshevlki  revolution  would  not  have  taken  place,  a  separate  armistice  would  not  have  been 
signed  with  Germany  with  the  possibility  of  a  separate  peace,  if  it  had  not  been  for  a  whole  series  of 
mistakes  on  the  part  of  the  Allied  Governmeiits  in  relation  to  Russia,  including  the  failure  to  give  their 
war  aims."  And  on  Feb.  25,  confirming  this.  The  World's  Washington  bureau  sent  the  news  of  Rus- 
sia's acceptance  of  the  German  peace  terms  to  be  signed  at  Brest-Litovsk.  The  United  States  was  fcr 
war,  not  peace,  as  the  foe  threw  off  the  mask  in  the  terms  offered  Russia.  The  World  editorial  columns 
pointed  to  Germany's  peace  offer  and  Russia's  acceptance  as  an  object  lesson  to  the  Western  Powers. 
On  March  3  Amo  Dosch-Pleurot  telegraphed  The  World's  London's  office  saying:  "No  Associated  Press 
man  ia  Petrograd,  so  I  am  filing  full  and  urgent  morning  and  evening  stories.  Intend  to  stick  to  end." 
So  through  the  year  he  contkiued  at  his  post.  He  cabled  from  Stockholm  May  26  that  the  Socialists  must 
share  with  the  Bolshevikj  the  blame  for  Russia's  tragic  failure.  Early  in  June  he  wired  that  a  Russian 
republic  never  was  Intended  by  the  Bolshevlki  and  that  Petrograd  workmen  constituting  that  faction  did 
not  believe  in  democracy.  Their  purpose  in  upsetting  the  Czar  was  to  set  up  an  autocracy  of  the  prole- 
tariat. The  cables  bore  his  discoveries  to  the  outside  world  bit  by  bit  hi  impartial  and  illuminating 
despatches.  Finally,  on  Julj-  14,  this  correspondent  confirmed  what  the  reading  world  had  begun  to 
suspect  from  his  articles.    Lenine  and  Trotzky  had  shared  in  the  betrayal  of  democracy  at  Brest-Litovsk. 

Aug  18  he  began  chronicling  the  Bolshevik  reign  of  terror,  the  turning  of  the  sobered  masses  away 
from  the  Bolshevlki.  To  Ai-ho  Dosch-Fleurot  in  the  previous  year  had  fallen  tha  great  fortune  as  a 
newspaper  man  to  be  in  Petrograd  when  the  revolution  came  to  pass.  In  concise  English  he  cabled  the 
marvellous  story,  the  vivid  pictures,  of  the  quick  and  almost  bloodless  victory  of  the  Russian  people  over 
the  Czar's  Government.  The' Administration  and  Diplomatic  Corps  at  Washington  got  vioxe  information 
from  the  columns  of  The  World  than  from  their  own  delayed  despatches.      ^     ,   ,        .         .  ,.  ,     . 

This  year  again  fell  a  great  opportunity  to  him.  It  was  to  be  the  first  of  American  journalists  to 
reach  Berlin  after  the  signing  of  the  armistice.  On  Nov.  24.  1918,  he  cabled  from  Berlin  via  Stockholm: 
"I  arrived  in  Berlin  at  the  moment  when  the  chief  of  the  imsetUed  political  questions  were  crying  for 
solution  namely.  National  Assembly  or  no  NaUonal  Assembly;  democracy  or  rule  by  organization  of 
workers-  rule  by  the  majority  or  a  dictature  of  the  proletariat  according  to  the  methods  of  Leiiine.  The 
next  day  he  cabled  that  Phillpp  Scheidemann,  leader  of  the  majority  group  of  Socialists  and  former  Min- 
ister of  Finance  and  Colonies,  had  told  him  that  "Our  National  Assembly  will  probably  be  called  in 
February  "  In  Washington  officials  of  the  State,  Navy  and  War  Departments  commended  the  enterprise 
of  The  World  in  sending  Mr.  Dosch-Fleurot  to  Berlin,  the  first  American  correspondent  to  visit  the 
German  capital  after  the  signmg  of  the  armistice.  His  pen  pictures  of  conditions  in  Germany  and  his 
analysis  of  the  political  situation  were  the  first-hand  Information  to  reach  Washmgton. 
STAFF   MEN   WITH    THE    TROOPS    AT   THE    FRONT. 

To  Lincoln  Eyre  The  World's  Paris  correspondent,  fellthe  privilege  of  cabling  a  short  sentence  on 
Jan.  27  that  sent  a  sigh  of  satisfaction,  after  months  of  preparatlou  and  waiting,  sweeping  acro.ss  the 


18  The  World—Continued. 


homeland.  "Pershing's  force  is  a  real  army  now,  fit  to  give  battle,"  it  read.  This  young  man's  de- 
spatches through  the  jear  echoed  the  heart  enthusiasm  and  longing  of  the  folks  at  home  for  their  boj'S 
"over  there"  to  acquit  themselves  as  Americans  always  have.  He  told  the  straislitforward  tale  from 
day  to  day.  It  was  told  in  such  a  way  that  American  fathers  and  mothers  felt  tiiat  thiir  sons  were 
figliting  nobly  and  dying,  when  die  they  must,  as  they  would  have  them,  like  free  men.  On  Feb.  3  he 
cabled  that  the  American  troops  were  eager  to  advance  and  the  Germans  were  getting  jiunpy.  Feb.  4  he 
told  of  the  artillery  duel  between  the  American  and  German  gunners  two  days  before,  the  Yankees 
working  like  veterans  and  inflicting  more  harm  than  the  foe.  March  11,  of  the  heaviest  gun  fire  yet 
hurled  upon  the  American  lines  in  the  Lorraine  sectof  and  how  well  our  boys  bore  it.  On  March  12  he 
wired:  "We  have  taken  oui'  revenge,"  and  on  March  21  he  told  how  the  American  boys  stormed  the 
trenches  near  Luneville.  On  the  latter  occasion  Eyre,  following  with  the  troops,  found  two  gassed  French- 
men, gasping  and  nauseated  with  gas  where  the  Americans  had  swept  forward.  He  took  them  in  his  car 
to  the  American  Medical  Corps  hospital.  On  April  25  he  cabled  telling  of  the  valor  of  the  New  York 
men,  racked  by  powerful  gun  fire  for  a  month  in  the  trenches  at  Luneville.  On  the  30th,  in  the  front 
lines  with  the  American  forces,  he  wrote  of  the  bravery  of  our  men  and  the  fury  of  their  fire  on  the  battle 
line  in  Northern  France^ — on  the  line  that  barred  the  road  to  Paris  and  Amiens,  in  the  Valleys  of  the 
Somme  and  Luce  and  near  Ypres.  His  stories  caused  hearts  to  beat  high  all  across  America.  Ho 
touched  the  same  chord  when  on  Aug.  8,  with  the  American  forces  north  of  tlip  Ourcq,  he  told  how  thp 
Old  69th,  miles  ahead  of  the  procession,  led^the  victorious  way  across  the  river.  He  depicted  it  in  such 
terms  as  made  every  true  American  wish  he  had  been  there. 

MABTIN  GREEN'S   STORIES   OF  THE  WAR   AT  THE  FRONT. 

The  Evening  World  sent  Martin  Green,  a  staff,  correspondent  of  the  paper  for  seventeen  years,  to 
the  battle  front  in  December,  1917.  Mr.  Green  went  from  New  York  by  way  of  England,  crossed  the 
channel  from  Southampton  to  Havre  and  was  in  the  trenches  ■with  the  1st  Division  of  the  old  Regular 
Army  in  January.  Before  going  to  the  trenches  Mr.  Green  visited  the  line  of  supplies  back  of  the 
_Amea-ican  forces  in  France  and  he  was  the  first  correspondent  to  send  to.  a  New  York  newspaper  a  com- 
prehensive stoi-y  of  the  dock,  railroad  and  storage  building  and  operations  ot  the  United  States  Army 
abroad.  This  was  news  of  paramount  importance,  as  the  American  people  up  to  that  time  had  no 
idea  of  the  vast  aud  expensive  preparations  for  feeding,  transporting  and  equipping  our  soldiers  in 
France  which  had  been  made  necessai-y  by  our  participation  in  the  war. 

Mr.  Green  was  in  Paris  on  the  night  of  the  great  air  raid  of  Jan.  30,  191S,  the  first  attack  on  Paris 
in  two  years.  He  coj'ered  thel  American  battle  front  from  the  Swiss  border  to  Picardy  and  sent  to  New 
York  the  first  stories  of  the  activities  of  the  lG5th  Regiment  of  the  Rainbow  Division — tlie  old  09th. 
He  and  Lincoln  Eyre  of  The  Morning  World  were  the  first  correspondents  to  visit  the  old  15th  New 
York — Col.  William  Hayward's  negro  regiment.  The  Evening  World  was  the  first  American  newspaper 
to  publish  tlie  fact  that  American  troops  were  in  the  fight  at  Chateau-Thiori-y,  the  news  coming  in  a 
special  cablegram  from  Mr.  Green,  who  was  the  only  American  newspaper  correspondent  in  Chateau- 
Thierry  on  May  31  and  Jime  1.  Mr.  Green  also  sent  to  The  Evening  World  an  exolusive  story  of  the 
battle  of  the  Oise,   which  stopped  the  German  advance  on  Paris  in  March. 

The  good  work  done  by  other  European  correspondents  of  The  World  feW  not  a  whit  behind  that  of 
Dosch-Fleurot,  Eyre  and  Green  in  importance  to  the  American  people.  It  was  work  marked  by  painstaking 
investigation  and  lucidity  of  expression,  by  the  weighing,  with  the  forelmowledge  that  they  were  the  eyes 
ind  ears  of  a  great  people  for  whose  imderstanding  of  events  and  destiny  malnng  actions  they  were  respon- 
sible. Cyril  Brown  cabled  from  Stooldiolm  Jan.  13  that  Leube,  member  of  the  German  Reichstag's  Foreign 
Re'ations  Committee,  had  said:  "Germany's  only  answer  to  Lloyd  George  and  President  Wilson  will  be 
given  with  the  sword."  Bfarch  17  he  cabled  that  Germany  had  reached  her  limit  in  hianan  material, 
women  doing  the  work  of  men  in  keeping  the  army  up,  and  in  a  series  of  articles  following  he  laid  bare 
to  our  eyes  the  conditions  in  Germany,  going  constantly  from  bad  to  worse.  He  did  the  military  depai't- 
ment  of  the  United  States  a  signal  service. 

James  M.  Tuohy  is  head  of  The  World's  London  staff.  He  occupies  the  position  of  dean  of  the 
paper's  European  c/irrespondents.  He  has  filled  for  years  the  difficult  and  trying  position  of  interpreter, 
for  readers,  of  British  sentiments,  pm-poses  and  happenings.  He  has  had  to  handle  them  for  the  in- 
formation and  instruction  of  a  large  fcart  of  the  American  reading  public  in  such  a  way  that,  differences 
in  temperament,  political  organization  and  race  taken  into  account,  they  should  not  be  misleading.  His 
work  as  a  clearing  house  for  much  of  the  mass  of  Continentfil  news  crowding  constantly  in  upon  his 
office,  his  discrimination  as  to  what  was  ritally  important  and  not  German  propaganda,  ,  and  what  was 
worth  while  to  the  American  people,  was  excellently  handled.  Quick  to  send  cheering  news,  but  never 
fearing  to  state  boldly  the  truth  so  far  as  he  could  learn  it,  of  happenings  of  Importance  to  America,  no 
matter  what,  his  work  was  uniformly  good  throughout  the  year.  An  instance  was  his  sending  on  Feb.  3 
of  the  story  of  how  England,  unprepared  for  war  in  the  beginning,  had  worked  wonders  in  getting  men 
and  munitions  to  France.  March  30  he  cabled  that  the  French  and. British  Governments  had  decided  to 
appoint  Gen.  Foch  Generalissimo  of  the  French,  and  British  Armies  on  the  Western  front;  on  Aug.  20 
that  the  American  War  Administration's  policy  of  letting  the  Germans  Imow  what  they  must  expect  met 
with  warmest  approval  in  London.  A  brilliant  list  of  special  writers,  experts  on  war  and  European  politics, 
assisted  the  London  and  Paris  staffs  of  the  paper.  Notable  among  them  was  J.  C.  Segrue,  who  cabled 
from  Berne  Jan.  10  that  the  food  shortage  in  Germany  was  a  tragedy.  Fred  S.  Ferguson,  with  the 
American  Army  in  France,  wired  March  3  of  the  killing  of  five  of  Pershing's  men  by  the  Germaris — 
startling  news  then,  but  minimized  by  the  casualty  lists  that  later  saddeced  the  home  people.  Perry 
Robinson  cabled  March  2G  of  the  British  line  still  unbroken,  firm  and  continuous  while  the  Germans  on 
a  fifty-mile  front  threw  600,000.  men  against  it  in  efforts  to  force  it  back  toward  Amiens.  All  the  woVld 
held  its  breath  to  see  if  it  vvoiUd  hold  or  break.  The  London  office  hinted  on  March  28  of  momentous 
decisions  made  at  a  meeting  in  Paris  of  Secretary  Baker  and  Gen.  Pershing. 

Lieut.  Col.  Repington,  formerly  of  the  British  Army,  late  in  March,  following  the  "Kaiser's  Sattle"  from 
day  to-  day,  analyzed  it  for  The  World.  He  pointed  out  on  the  29th  that  the  Germans  were  still  sixteen 
falles  from  Amiens  and  that  "it  is  not  possible  for  them  to  remain  where  they  are  and  claim  a  strategic 
victony.  They  have  not  gained  one."  This  vf&s  a  prophecy. of  their  having  to  give  up  the  ground  gained 
in  their  tremendously  expensive  westward  push.  Later  it  was  to  be  fulfilled  when  the  God  of  wars  began 
"trampling  out  the  \1ntage"  where  the  grapes  of  wrath  were,  stored — the  beginning,  as  it  proved,  of  the 
end  of  Germany's  world  conquest  dream.  On  April  C  Col.  Repington  cabled  that  "Get  on  or  get  out" 
was  the  Kciser's  chance,  finding  his  armies  in  a  big  pocket  and  his  "great  surprise"  no  longer  such, 
his  legions  open  to  counter  attaclfs,  checked  everywhere — at  Arras, .  on  the  Ancre  and  the  Somme.  Joseph 
W.  Grigg  cabled  on  Jlay  1  that  "America's  khaki-clad  tide  now  flows  into  France  in  a  volume  not  here- 
tofore approximated.  May  15  he  wrote  of  the  dread  of  our  gunners  in  the  hearts  of  the  German  host  of 
the  Picardy  front.  On  the  26th  he  told  how  our  war  machine  swept  forward  like  clockwork  to  the  captire 
of  Cantigny.     This  efficient  work  was  followed  on  Jiue  14  by  the  annoimcement  that  the  British,  Gov- 


The  World— Continued,  IJ) 


ernment  had  accorded  to  The  World  the  high  privilege  of  having  its  own  correspondent  attached  to  the 
headquarters  of  the  British  Army  in  France. 

"The  World  is  the  first  American  ne.wspaper  to  receive  this  distinction,"  the  notice  said.  "Up  to 
tliis  time  American  readers  have  been  served  from  the  Britislh  front  only  by  press  associations  or  by  tho 
British  correspondents  of  London  newspapers.  Henceforth  The  World  and  its  readers  will  be  served  at 
this  important  post  by  Joseph  W.  Grigg,  an  American,  long  a  member  of  The  World's  staff,  who  has 
already  rendered  fine  service  at  other  posts  in  France.  Mr.  Grigg's  first  despatch  from  the  British  front 
is  printed  to-day."  The  cable  told  how  the  anemy  was  planning  to  attack  the  British  along  the  whole 
line  while  the  French  battle   raged  between  Noyon   and  Montdidier. 

WORLD  MAN  TOLD  WHEN  GERMANY'S  STAR  BEGAN  TO  SET. 

Then  on  July  19,  when  the  Germans  began  to  lose,  Grigg  told  how  Foch's  quick  blow,  the  splendid 
success  of  the  French  and  American  attack  on  a  25-mile  front  in  the  Soissons  sector  early  on  the  18th 
spoiled  the  foe's  plan  to  strike  the  British.  Col.  Eeptngton,  writing  of  how  the  failure  of  the  enemy  in 
the  Champagne  upset  his  offensive,  prophesied  the'  beginning  of  the  end.  In  the  days  immediately  fol- 
lowing Repington  and  Grigg  detaUed  how  the  Allies  smashed  in  from  Soissons  to  embattled  Rheims. 
Big  gims  flamed  up  all  along  the  British  line.  There  was  a  two-iiiile  gain  below  the  Manie  by  Amer- 
icans and  French;  the  capture  of  Soissons;  the  Germans  were  in  fliglit  in  the  Aisne-Marne  salient;,  tlie 
Germans  burning  the  villages  as  they  retired,  and  (on  the  23d)  the  Allies  squeezing  all  sides  of  tlie 
salient.  The  foe's  reserves  were  swept  back  thiieo  more  miles  and  the  Germans  were  withdrawing  in  tlie 
whole  region  between  the  Marne  and  the  Ourcq.     So  on  through  the  year. 

The  World  maintained  a  bureau  of  information  which  co-operated  with  the  various  secret  service 
agencies  of  tlie  Government  in  supplying  information  concerning  enemy  aliens  and  organizations  and 
persons  suspected  of  treasonable  or  unfriendly  acts  against  tlie  United  States.  In  this  connection  The 
World's  Biographical  Department  and  the  files  of  its  Legal  Department  were  found  to  be  of  great  value 
and  were  consiUted  almost  daily  by  representatives  of  the  Ai'my  and  Navy  Intelligence  Bureaus,  the 
United  States  Secret  Service,  the  Department  of  Justice  and  the  inspection  serrice  of  the  Postoffice 
Department. 

During  the  year  The  World  printed  special  articles  by  men  of  unusual  importance,  including  Leon 
Trotzky's  "The  Bolsheviki  and  World  Peace."  It  was  the  first  authentic  publication  in  America  of  the 
doctrines  and  aims  of  the  leader  of  the'  Bolshevila  as  he  himself  wrote  it.  On  June  27  The  World 
printed  a  document  smuggled  out  of  Germany  by  Lieut.  Gen.  Baron  Von  Kreytag-Loringlioven,  the  third 
personage  of  the  German  Military  Hierarchy.  It  showed  that  Gemiany  still  glorified  war  after  tliree 
years  of.  it.  The  article  was  written  io\  military  and  Junker  consumption  only.  Ex-President  Wm.  H. 
Taft  on  March  9  dictated  a  telegram  to  The  World  from  Pittsburgli  as  to  the  plans  for  the  proposed 
League  of  Nations  to  Enforce  Peace:  "The  successful  worldng  out  of  the  plan  of  the  League  of  Nations 
to  Enforce  Peace  depends  primarily  on  winning  victory  over  the  Kaiser  and  liis  Potsdam  gang  on  tiie 
western  front.  We  cannot  make  progress  by  further  debate  with  Germany  and  Austria.  Blows  are  the 
only  arguments  now  possible  to  win   pennanent  peace. 

On  July  1  Tlie  World  presented  the  second  instalment  of  Dr.  Wilhelm  Muehlon's  book,  "The  Devas- 
tation of  Europe."  He  was  formerly  director  of  the  great  German  munition  company.  "Krupp's,"  and 
his  daily  notes  on  events  rising  out  of  the  war  composed  the  book.  In  his  first  instalment  he  told  how 
the  Kaiser  personally  forced  German  leaders  to  swear  to  support  the  war  after  he  had  given  Austria 
carte  blanche  in  the  affair  of  Serbia  and  promised  to  support  Austria  thiough  thick  and  thin.  In  the 
second  he  told  of  events  directly  follomng  the  war  declaration  and  invasion  of  Belgiimi. 

July  22  the  first  instalment  of  the  papers  by  Dr.  Arthur  Davis,  American  court  dentist  in  Berlin, 
was  printeid  in  The  World.  It  told  of  the  personality  of  the  Emperor  and  the  \iews  held  by  him  as  to 
men  and  world  events.  These  articles  attracted  a  great  deal  of  attention.  For  instance,  when  he  quoted 
the  Kaiser  as  saying  that  after  the  war  he  "would  stand  no  nonsense  from  America."  Aug.  4,  oi)ening 
another  year  of  the  war.  Marshal  Joffre  sent  a  message  to  America  through  Tho  Woi'id.  "The  fifth  year 
of  war  opens  full  of  hope,  thanks  to  the  ganerous  intervention  of  America,"  he  said.  Aug.  25  Tlie  World 
published  the  first  of  a  series  of  articles  by  Andre  Cheradamd,  who  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  had 
devoted  his  whole  time  to  the  study  of  Germany  and  her  plans.  "The  snake  of  German  intrigue  Is  still 
very  much  alive,"  he  wrote. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  series  of  cabled  articles  printed  in  The  World  during  the  year  were 
those  by  Gen.  P.  M.  G.  JIalleterre,  military  critio-  of  the  Paris  Temps  and  La  Franco  Militaire,  who 
wrote  of  the  progress  of  the  war  from  the  French  military  standpoint.  Geu.  Jlalleterre  was  seriously 
woimded  in  the  first   Battle   of  the   Marne,    having  a  leg   amputated,    and   liad   to   resign  his   command. 

SIGNAL    ACTS   OF    PUBLIC    SERVICE   BY    THIS    NEWSPiO^ER. 

On  Feb.  23,  foUowmg  The  World's  suggestion  that  the  home  folks  be  given  a  chance  to  see  the  new 
77th  Division  of  the  National  Army — afterward  to  figlit  so  heroically  in  tlie  conquest  of  the  Argonne 
Forest,  which  no  army  in  history  had  ever  tried  to  take  from  an  enemy  who  got  it  first,  even  Napoleon 
preferring  to  go  around — 10,000  of  the  Jletropolitan  Division's  boys  paraded  through  the  streets  of  New 
York  and  were  cheered  by  their  relatives  and  friends. 

Following  the  campaign  of  The  World  advocating  "Daylight  Saving,"  and  Its  success  in  getting  tho 
Senate  to  take  it  up,  the  hands  of  the  clocks  all  across  America  were  put  forward  one  hour  on  iilarch  31. 
The  World  was  the  only  paper  in  New  York  State  to  publish,  tliat  day,  the  report  made  by  the  Serbian 
Socialist  Party  to  the  Russo-HoUando-Scandinavian  Committee  in  Stocldiolm  describing  the  conditions 
in  Strbia  imposed  upon  that  comitry  by  the  Austro-Hungarians  and  Bulgars  wlio  overran  and  occupied  it. 

Answering  to  the  desire  of  Americans  whose  sons  were  fighting  in  Europe  that  Germany  should  have 
no  excuse  for  mistreating  American  prisoners  of  war.  The  World  began  printing  on  April  8  a  series  of 
articles  Ity  Richard  Linthieiun  of  The  World's  staff  on  the  alien  intcriiient  prison  camps  in  this 
country,  following  his  investigation  of  them,  to  ascertain  how  the  ITnitcd  States  was  treating  interned 
civilian  enemy  aliens  and  its  military  prisoners .  of  war.  His  investigations  showed  that  no  country  had 
ever  set  sucli  an  example  of  decency  and  himianity,  and  that  aliens  interned  in  this  country  were  glad, 
tor  the  most  part,  that  they  were  not  In  Europe. 

In  annomrcing  his  decision  to  free  Charles  F.  Stielow,  the  date  of  whose  execution  was  fixed  seven 
times,  and  Nelson  Green,  his  brother-in-law,  serving  a  minimum  term  of  twenty  years,  or  life  imprisonment, 
for  the  murder  of  Charles  B.  Phelps,  an  Orleans  -County  farmer,  and  his  housekeeper,  Margaret  Walcott, 
the  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York  awarded  to  The  World  a  full  measure  of  credit  for  the  investigation 
resiUttng  in  his  action.  He  sent  the  following  telegram  to  Charles  M.  Lincoln,  Managing  Editor  of  The 
World,  from  Albany,  N.  Y.,  May  9:  "It  is  but  simple' justice  to  say  tliat  had  it  not  been  for  tho  material 
presented  to  me  by  The  New  York"AVorld,  obtained  after  great  effort  and  considerable  expense,  I  sliould 
not  have  felt  justified  in  ordering  the  investigation  which  has  resulted  in  the  release  of  Stielow.  I 
appreciate  the  service  which  you  have  rendered  and  am  grateful  for  it.      (Signed)   Charles  S.   Whitman." 

On  May  10  The  World  started  an'  investigation  to  find  out  whether  work  on  street  cars  as  conductor- 


20  The  World— Continued. 


ettes,   &c.,  was  harmful  to  women.     The  result  was  that  the  environment  and  morale  of  women  so 
employed  was  greatly  Improved. 

In  July  The  World,  with  the  co-operation  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Information  and  the  Director 
of  Military  Aeronautics,  told  for  the  first  time  the  story  of  the  amazing  development  of  the  Air  Service 
of  the  United  States  Army.  William  P.  Beazell  of  The  World's  staff  was  the  first  civilian  to  be  per- 
mitted to  visit  the  camps  where  our  aviators  were  being  trained,  and  his  articles,  widely  published 
throughout  the  country,  received  the  official  commendation  of  Major  Gen.  William  L.  Kenly,  the  Di- 
rector of  Military  Aeronautics.  They  describea  the  work  at  the  ground  schools,  the  primai-y  schools,  the 
pursuit  schools,  the  bombing  schools,  the  scliools  for  aerial  observers,  the  schools  of  aerial  gunnery  and 
the  balloon  schools.  They  gave  the  American  people  their  first  understanding  of  the  fine  calibre  and 
highly  specialized  training  of  the  men  who  have  been  warring  so  splendidly  in  the  air  against  the  enemy. 

In  October  Charles  S.  Hand  of  The  World  staff  investigated  the  financial  affairs  of  the  New  York 
Telephone  Company  to  ascertain  if  an  increase  in  tolls  proposed  by  Postmaster  General  Burleson  would 
be  justified.  The  results  of  the  investigation  were  set  forth  in  a  series  of  articles  prepared  by  Mr.  Hand 
for  The  World.  They  revealed  that  profits  gained  by  the  company  during  the  last  three  years  were 
more  than  $14,000,000  above  a  fair  return  of  8  per  cent,  contemplated  by  the  Public  Service  Commission 
when  it  reduced  rates  in  1915.  The  World's  disclosures  of  excess  profits  enjoyed  by  the  company 
prompted  Mr.   Burleson   to  announce  that  rates  would  not   he   increased   but   reduced  where   possible. 

Undtr  the  stimulus  of  Thvj  World's  exposures  of  fraudulent  war  charities,  the  District  Attorney's 
office  and  the  Bureau  of  Advice  and  Information  of  the  Charities  Organization  Society  made  progress 
during  the  Winter  and  Spring  of  1918  in  driring  out  graftei's  and  swindlers  from  the  field  of  war 
relief.  To  this  work  The  World  gave  cordial  co-operation.  It  was  The  World  which  first  discovered  the 
fact  that  the  Dowllng  Ordinance  designed  to  regulate  war  relief  entertainments  was  iiiadeauate  for  the 
purpose  and  that  further  legislation,  both  State  and  National,  was  needed  to  meet  the  problem 
adequately. 

ENCOUKAGED  BUILDING  OF  SHIPS  IN  EMERGENCY. 

The  drop  of  "Viking  blood  in  the  hearts  of  Americans  resulted  in  the  fame  of  American  shipping 
being  known  in  every  port  m  the  world  in  the  glorious  days  of  the  old  clippers  of  tlie  Forties.  This 
inherent  love  of  the  sea  surged  triumphantly  to  the  front  when  The  World  announced  on  July  1  that 
93  ocean-going  vessels  flying  the  American  flag  were  expected  to  take  the  water  on  July  4.  A  great 
Independence  Day  splashing  was  planned  by  the  Shipping  Board.  "They  will  have,"  The  World's  story 
said,  "a  carrying  capacity  of  465,180  tons.  Forty-one  will  be  steel  vessels  and  fifty-two  wooden.  How 
staggering  are  these  figures  may  be  conveyed  to  tlie  lay  mind  only  by  comparison.  They  exceed  by 
74,350  tons  the  launchings  for  the  entire  year  1901,  the  record  pre-war  year  in  American  shipping.  The 
total^tonnage  under  the  American  flag  two  years  ago  was  2,412,381,  and  much  of  it  was  not  in  deep  sea 
service.  Much  of  the  credit  for  this  great  triumph  was  due  to  the  incentive  given  the  shipyard  workers 
by  The  World's  introduction  of  the  sporting  element  into  shipbuilding.  On  May  14  in  the  steel  construc- 
tion shipyards  of  the  New  York  and  Philadelphia  district  of  the  U.  S.  Shipping  Board  The  World 
started  a  rivetting  contest  conducted  by  James  Robbins,  The  World's  ship  news  reporter,  by  offering  a 
weeWy  prize  of  $100  to  be  given  to  the  crew  that  drove  into  the  hull  of  a  ship  on  the  ways  in  a  nine- 
hour  day  the  greatest  niunber  of  ri,vets.  The  news  of  the  great  splash  of  July  4  was  immediately  pre- 
ceded by  the  story  from  overseas  of  how  the  Americans  swept  through  the  enemy  lines  north  of  the 
Marne,  and  the  story  from  Charles  M-ichelson,  head  of  The  World's  Washington  Bureau,  that  "the 
millionth  American  soldier"  had  landed  in  Franco  on  Jmie  30  and  the  Nation  was  to  have  an  army  of 
4,000,000  men  by  Jan.    1,    1919. 

Not  only  did  the  art  staff  of  The  World  do  good  work  in  illustrating  the  war  and  the  daily  life  of 
jhe  Nation,  but  the  W  l-lmown  cartoonists  of  the  paper  enforced  the  lessons  of  The  World's  news  with 
telling  effect  through  ino  year.  An  instanpe  was  when,  on  Feb.  17,  Rollin  Kirby's  cartoon  intuitively 
pointed  out  what  was  later  shown  to  be  true.  It  was  a  pictiire  of  Trotzlcy  and  Lenine  walking  arm  in 
arm  with  Kaiser  Wilhelm,  and  all  three  smiling.  George  W.  Rehse  of  The  Moniing  World  cave  a  silver 
lining  to  many  a  cloud  of  tragedy  with  his_  intensely  human  and  funny  "Metropolitan  Movies,"  and 
made  hundreds  of  thousands  laugh  amid  their  tears.  In  January  The  World  arranged  for  the  appear- 
ance in  its  pages  of  the  war-fun  pictures  of  Capt.  Bruce  Bairnsfother.  The  World  secured  the  exclusive 
rights  in  America  to  reproduce  the  pictures  of  this  famous  British  cartoonist,~of  whom  it  has  been  said 
that  his  sketches  pointing  out  Lumor  in  the  trenches  were  worth  more  to  the  Allied  cause  than  an  army 
division. 

MONUMENT  TO  MITCHEL. 

With  a  view  to  the  creation  in  New  York  City  of  a  suitable,  jvorthy  memorial  to  Major  John  Purroy 
Mitchel,  the  former  Mayor,  who  lost  his  life  in  a  flying  accident,  The  World  inaugurated  last  July  a 
movement  to  raise  a  fund  by  popular  subscription,  and  to  this  end  gave  an  initial  $1,000.  More  than 
$30,000,  either  in  cash  or  pledges — a  vast  majority  of  the  sum  in  cash — was  obtained  by  The  World  in 
a  ft  IV  weeks.  This  money  was  subsequently  placed  in  the  hands  of  a  Citizens'  Committee,  which  now 
has  the  memorial  project  in   charge. 

In  January  The  World  printed  a  series  of  articles  by  Louis  Seibold  of  its  Staff,  on  the  growtli  of  tlie 
Non-Partisan  League  in  the  Dakotas  and  several  Miadle  and  Mountain  States,  The  articles  showed  that 
the  movement  which  was  originally  projected  as  an  agriciUtural  one,  to  ameliorate  the  condition  of 
farmers  believing  themselves  the  victims  of  tlie  milling  and  other  forms  of  corporation  persecutions,  finally 
developed  into  a  political  undertaking.  The  League  obtained  a  membership  of  more  than  200,000,  who 
paid  $8  a  year  in  dues,  secured  control  of  the  State  Government  of  North  Dakota,  operated  a  newsi)a- 
per,  and  flooded  the  country  with  organizers  seelring  recruits. 

In  May  Mr.  Seibold  wrote  articles  for  The  World  on  the  coal  conditions,  showing  the  effect  of  the 
Government  activities  for  increasing  production  and  plans  to  equitably  distribute  the  limited  supply  in- 
dicated for  the  winter  of  1918-1919;  also  the  effect  of  thte  Military  Draft  Law  on  the  labor  supply, 
wage  and  social  conditions,  and  prices  for  coal  for  commercial  and  domestic  purposes.  The  articles  sliowed 
that  the  Government  had  eliminated  twenty-two  States  from  participation  in  anthracite  supplies,  these 
States  being  in  the  South  and  West,  contiguous  to  sources  of  other  grades  of  coal  and  substitutes  for  coal. 

In  June  Mr.  Seibold  wrote  articles  upon  his  investigation  of  the  liquor  traffic,  showing  that  the  Pro- 
hibition feature  of  the  Food  Regulation  Bill  had  increased  the  value  of  the  holdings  of  distillers,  brokers, 
wholesalers  and  retailers  more  than  $900,000,000  in  less  than  a  year,  giving  prices  two  years  ago  and 
current  quotations.  The  articles  showed  that  while  the  use  of  liquor  was  restricted  in  the  United  States, 
immense  stores  were  exported  monthly  for  the  use  of  the  troops  of  other  belligerent  countries;  also  that 
there  remained  in  bond  and  in  the  hands  of  dealers  265.000,000  gallons  of  distilled  spirits,  wines,  etc., 
which  Food  Administrator  Hoover  predicted  would  last  the  country  three  or  four  years. 

In  N'oVember  and  December  Mr.  Seibold  wrote  for  The  World  a  series  of  foui-teen  articles  on  the 
cost  of  the  war  to  the  Government  and  the  people  and  revealing  the  extent  of  profiteering  at  the  expense 
of  the  people.  The  articles  showed  by  comparative  figures  the  increase  In  the  cost  of  several  hundred 
articles  enterhig  into  domestic  consumption,  where  the  greater  part  of  the  profit  went  and  how  the  Gov- 


The  World— Continued.  21 


ernment  compelled  the  return  of  a  percentage  of  these  "unusual  profits"  through  a  system  of  war  and 
excess  profits  tax,  The  articles  also  showed  that  while  wages  had  been  increased  by  war  conditions  sal- 
aries had  practically  remained  stationary  during  the  war  period;  that  retail  prices  had  increased  more 
than  85  per  cent,  in  five  years  and  that  the  purchasing  value  of  the  dollar  had  steadily  decreased  from 
89' cents  in  1915  to  54  cents  in  1918,  because  of  war  conditions  operating  to  talve  out  of  the  producing 
field  20,000,000  men,  increasing  the  volume  of  supplies  of  all  lands  for  the  benefit  of  the  military  allies 
of  the  country,  and  led  to  the  expansion  of  the  paper  money  with  consenuent  depreciation  in  purchasing 
value.  The  financial,  industrial  and  economic  conditicis  of  other  belligerent  countries  was  set  forth  and 
compared  to  that  of  the  United  States. 

THE  CAMPAIGN  AGAINST  TICKET  SPECULATORS. 

Acting  on  information  fumished  by  The  Morning  World,  and  on  complaint  of  Louis  V.  Be  Foe,  its 
dramatic  critic.  District  Attorney  Svvann,  early  in  September,  began  investigation  of  the  nuisance  of  thea- 
tre ticket  speculation,  an  evil  in  New  York  wliicli  lias  assumed  intolerable  proportions  and  wl'ich  almost 
continual  attempts  througli  restilctive  legislation  during  the  past  fifteen  years  has  been  unable  to  prevent. 
The  immediate  cause  of  The  World's  crusade  against  the  theatre  ticket  speculators  was  the  extortion 
practised  on  the  public  in  the  instance  of  "Yip  Yip  Yaphank!"  at  the  Lexington  Tlieatre.  This  entertain- 
ment was  written,  staged  and  acted  for  cliaritable  purposes  by  the  enlisted  men  at  Camp  Upton,  who  re- 
ceived no  other  compensation  than  tlieir  Goveruiueut  pay.  Their  piupose  was  to  raise  funds  to  build  a 
Community  House  at  tlie  Camp.  Investigation  by  the  District  Attorney's  Office,  conducted  by  Assistant 
District  Attorney  Edwin  T.  Kilroe,  revealed  that  the  speculators  had  been  exacting  and  obtaining  tiom 
the  public  bonuses  as  liigh  as  300  per  cent,  of  the  box  office  price  of  tickets.  Furtlier  iuformation  se- 
cured by  tile  District  Attorney's  Office  finough  subpoena  of  the  books  of  theatre  ticket  speculators,  and 
through  the  testimony  of  theatre  managers,  and  speculators,  disclosed  that  the  New  York  theatre-going 
public  is  being  squeezed  for  more  than  $500,000  annually  by  speculators,  that  hotels  derive  a  rental  ex- 
ceeding $250,000  annually  from  ticket  broker  agencies  and  that  in  some  instances  productions  of  plays 
are  underwritten  by  the  speculators  who  buy  out  all  tne  favorable  seats  in  theatres  for  periods  of  eight 
weeks,  compelling  the  public  to  pay  extortionate  prices  for  seats  which  camiot  be  obtained  at  all  through 
the  box  offices.  The  evil  long  bad  been  known  to  exist,  but  the  investigatiou  proved  it  to  be  even 
worse  than  had  been  supposed.  These  investigations  resulted  in  the  drafting  of  a  new  ordinance  by  Assist- 
ant District  Attorney  Kilroe  to  put  a  stop  to  the  abuse.  It  provides  that  no  seat  shall  be  sold  by  a  theatrt 
producer  or  manaiger  in  excess  of  the  price  printed  on  the  ticket  and  limits  the  speculator's  bonus  to  50 
cents,  plus  the  war  tax.  Penalties  of  fine  and  imprisonment  are  provided  for  violations.  The  ordinance, 
which  received  the  approval  of  the  Corporation  Counsel  and  the  State  Bill  Drafting  Commission,  was 
introduced  iu  the  Board  of  Aldermen  on  Nov.  19  by  Alderman  Thomas  A.  VVilLiams  of  tlie  13th 
Aldermanlc  District,  Manhattan.  It  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  General  Welfare,  of  which  Alderman 
Charles  H.  Haubert  is  acting  chairman.  The  World  continued  its  crusade  against  the  ticket  speculators 
while  the  investigations  were  being  made  and  the  new  bill  was  being  framed  and  due  to  its  determuied 
efforts  and  the  vigorous  aid  of  the  District  Attorney's  office,  there  was  every  prospect  that  the  new 
ordinance  would  become  a  law  and  the  long  standing  line  of  ticket  speciUators  would  be  abated. 

TAX  LIEN  EXPOSUKE. 

Last  August  The  World  exposed  the  nefarious  worlungs  of  the  Tax  Lien  and  Tax  TJtle  Laws,  whereby 
thousands  of  citizens  have  been  deprived  of  their  realty  holdings  because  iu  many  mstance-s  they  have 
failed  to  pay  a  negligible  tax.  Thereupon  Mayor  Hylan  asked  iVathan  Hirsch,  wealthy  cotton  merchant 
and  Chairman  of  the  JIavor's  Conunittec  on  Taxation  and  the  Investigation  of  Mortgage  Loans,  to 
conduct  an  inyuiry.  M)'.  lilrsch  asked  The  World  for  the  aid  of  Van  Ness  Harwood,  a  staff  man,  who 
had  WTitten  the  articles.  This  was  granted.  Samuel  S.  Breslln  volunteered  as  coimsel,  and  the  three 
began  a  campaign.  With  the  help  of  District  Attorney  Swann,  Magistrate  Charles  W.  Appletnn,  Com- 
missioner of  Accounts  liirschfield  and  Police  Commissioner  Enrlght,  results  were  speedily  accomplished. 
Some  of  these  were:  The  return  of  thousands  of  parcels  of  land  to  the  thrifty  poor  at  cost,  the  utter 
disruption  of  the  tax  title  buyuig  business,  the  postponement  of  the  Nassau  County  sale  whereby  30,000  lots 
were  to  be  sold  for  negligible  taxes;  the  arrest  and  conviction  of  several  bogus  land  operators;  the  deeding 
hy  other  operators  of  Inuidreds  of  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  land  to  persons  who  had  paid  for  it 
and  could  not  obtain  deeds,  and  the  preparation  of  laws  which  will  make  such  conditions  impossible  in 
the  future.  These  laws  will  be  introduced  in  the  Legislature  this  winter.  The  crusade  is  one  of  the 
best  illustrations  in  New  York  in  years  of  what  publicity  can  accomplish. 

ACCOMPLISHMENTS   OP   THE   SPORTING  DEPARTMENT. 

Sports  in  The  World  also  played  a  big  part  in  keepmg  home  activities  alive  and  instituting  ways 
and  means  to  aid  in  giving  wide  publicity  and  in  raising  money  for  the  Red  Cross  and  the  United  War 
Work  campaign,  as  well  as  encouraging  the  purchase  of  Liberty  Loan  bonds.  George  Daley,  the  Sporting 
Editor  of  The  World,  was  largely  responsible  for  organizing  and  conducting  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan 
drive  at  the  Jamaica  and  Empire  City  tracks,  through  which  followers  of  racing  subscribed  $2,380,350,  and 
so  contributed  largely  to  carrying  the  loan  over  the  top.  The  World  suggested  and  was  largely  re- 
sponsible for  bringing  about  the  special  race  between  Billy  Kelly  and  Eternal,  which  was  decided  at  the 
Laiu-el  racetrack  in  Maryland  and  from  which  the  Red  Cross  profited  $20,000.  The  World  suggested  and 
arranged  the  golf  match  between  Walter  J.  Travis  snd  Findlay  S.  Douglas  over  the  links  of  the  Garden 
City  Golf  Club,  which  raised  $3,000  for  the  United  War  Work  campaign.  Bert  Igoe  of  The  World  sport- 
ing staff,  through  his  writings  and  cartoons,  stimulated  the  various  drives  and. drew  a  cartoon  which 
brought  $250  at  auction  for  the  benefit  of  the  Red  Cross.  It  has  been  the  policy  of  The  World  sporting 
page  to  make  constructive  suggestions  from  time  to  time  in  the  effort  to  keep  racing,  baseball  and  other 
sports  up  to   the  highest  standard. 

THE  WASHINGTON  BUREAU. 

Throughout  the  year  The  World's  able  and  efficient  Washington  Bureau  chronicled  not  only  the  daily 
happenings  in  the  capital  of  the  Nation,  telling,  with  its  fingers  on  the  pulse  of  the  Government  machine, 
of  the  war  and  domestic  measures,  but  also  interpreting  the  foreign  news  that  in  this  critical  time  flowed 
through  diplomatic  channels  to  the  American  Government  from  all  corners  of  the  world. 

The  religious  department  of  The  Morning  World,   on  Saturdays,  has  extended  gradually  until  it  now 
occupies  from  three  columns  in  the  summer  to  a  page  on  special  occasions  and  is  increasingly  recognized 
by    the   churches   as    a   mediiun   through   which    activities   receive   notice.      Prominence    is   given   to    the 
development  of  religious  work  out  of  the  ordinary  and  of  more  than  local  interest. 
THRICE-A-WEEK  WORLD'S  BROAD  FIELD  OF  SERVICE. 

The  Thrice-a-Week  edition  of  The  New  York  World  appears  every  other  day  except  Sunday  ana  is 
intended  chiefly  for  the  country  and  for  towns  distant  from  New  Yorlc  Its  circulation  is  probably  more 
widely  distributed  than  that  of  any  other  American  newspaper.  It  is  read  largely  in  every  State  ana 
Territory  in  the  Union,  in  remote  Alaska  and  Hawaii,  in  Australia,  New  Zealand  and  South  Africa,  in 
fact  wherever  the   English  language  is  spoken.     A  striking  feature  of  the  Thrice-a-WeeU  World  is  ine 


22  The  World— Continued. 


service  it  rendered  to  our  soldiers  abroad  during  the  war.  Tiiousands  of  subscriptions  were  made  to  it 
for  our  troops,  and  it  carried  the  news  of  the  world  right  up  to  the  firing  line.  The  Thrice-a-Week 
World  publishes  all  the  important  news  of  both  Morning  and  Evening  Woild  in  a  condensed  form,  and 
for  that  reason  it  has  long  been  popular  in  evei^y  part  of  the   United   States. 

The  World  maintains  a  Syndicate  Department  through  which  the  leading  newspapers  in  ever}'  section 
of  the  country  are  supplied  with  original  World  comic,  literary  and  special  features  and  The  World's 
comprehensive  foreign  and  domestic  new^  service.  Regarding  the  latter,  Mr.  A.  H.  Vandenberg,  Editor 
of  the  Grand  Rapids,  (Mich.)  Herald,  volimtarily  wrote  on  July  24,  1918:  "I  want  to  congratulate  you 
upon  the  work  you  are  doing  in  this  connection  and  to  tbauk  you  for  the  assistance  you  are  thus 
rendering  the  interior  press  of  the  country." 

During  the  year  The  World  continued  as  part  of  its  bit  in  carridng  on  the  war  work  of  the  country, 
the  printing  of  the  eight  page  edition  of  Trench  and  Camp,  the  national  soldiers'  weeWy,  puhlished  by 
the  T.  M.  C.  A.,  for  Camp  Upton,  Don  C.  Seitz,  Business  Manager  of  The  World,  acting  as  publisher 
of  the  Camp  Upton  edition  and  George  L.  Moore  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  being  its  editor  at  Camp  Upton, 
while  J.   Otis  Swift  of  The  World  was  its  Managing  Editor. 

BUREAU  OF  ACCURACY  AND  FAIR  PLAY. 

Thv  World's  Bureau  of  Accuracy  and  Fair  Play  completed  the  fifth  year  of  its  existence  in  July. 
Its  prirniiry  purpose,  as  declared  at  the  outset,  was  to  promote  accuracy  and  fair  play,  to  correct 
ca^eles3n^ss  and  to  stamp  out  fakes  and  fakers.  All  complaints  Involving  these  questions,  including 
libel  actions,  are  turned  over  to  the  Bureau  and  carefully  iuQuired  into,  and  if  they  are  found  to  be 
well  grounded,  corrections  are  made  and  at  the  <!ame  time  the  writers  responsible  for  the  errors  are 
placed  on  record.  Faking  and  chronic  carelessness  are  punished  by  dismissal.  In  actual  practice  the 
idea  has  worked  out  very  well.  Members  of  The  World  staff  and  its  correspondents  everywhere  have 
worked  in  harmony  v/ith  the  Bureau  which  has  now  become  a  fixed  institution.  The  World's  example 
has  been   followed   by   many   other   newspapers   throughout   the   countiT. 

Inspired  by  the  true  spirit  of  fair  play,  the  Bureau  has  created  good  will  and  confidence  often  even 
when  complainants  had  in  the  beginning  been-''itter  and  resentful.  When  material  damage  has  resulted 
from  erroneous  publications  and  the  person  injured  has  shown  a  willingness  to  arbitrate  in  good  faith 
and  upon  a  reasonable  basis,  settlements  have  been  made  without  recourse  to  the  courts.  The  Rev.  Dr. 
Daniel  Bliss  characterized  the  operations  of  The  World's  Bureau  as  "the  Golden  Rule  applied  to 
Journalism." 

But  the  Bureau  has  sharp  claws  and  knows  when  and  how  to  use  them  for  defensive  purposes.  It 
long  ago  learned  that  there  are  lavpycrs  in  New  York  who  make  a  speci,alty  of  stirring  up  libel  litigation 
and  who  seemingly  are  not  averse  to  representing  criminals  and  otherwise  disreputable  characters  who 
often  bring  suits  on  perjured  complaints.  And  whenever  attempts  have  been  made  to  recover '  damages 
in  these  cases  The  World  has  spared  neither  trouble  nor  expense  in  fighting  to  the  last  ditch.  As  a 
result  some  lawyers  have  been  disbarred  or  suspended  from  practice  and  several  notoriously  crooked 
litigants  have  been  sent  to  prison.  The  sharp  claws  of  the  Bureau  are  supplemented  by  an  abnormally 
long  reach.  It  may  call  upon  World  correspondents  in  any  or  every  corner  of  the  civilized  world  for 
information.  The  telegraph,  the  cable  and  the  wireless  are  at  its  disposal.  It  has  sent  its  own  trained 
Investigators  throughout  the  United  States  from  Maine  to  California,  to  Canada,  Mexico  and  South 
America  and  to  Great  Britain  and  all  the  principal  countries  of  Europe.  In  one  particular  instance,  to 
establish  the  truth  of  an  article  complained  of,  a  representative  of  the  Bureau'  journeyed  more  than 
8,000  miles. 

The  World  prints  for  its  employees  a  monthly  office  magazine  called  The  World  Forum,  which  was 
started  January  1,  1913,  to  give  the  young  artists  and  writers  on  The  World  a  chance  to  develop  their 
talents  and  at  the  same  time  to  majte  interesting  reading  of  the  current  events  in  the  lives  of  The 
World  employees.  This  paper  sells  for  five  cents  per  copy  and  all  money  taken  is  deposited  in  the 
Emigrant  Savings  Bank  for  the  benefit  of  the  employees.  All  the  cost  of  getting  out  the  paper  is 
paid  by  The  World. 

There  were  during  the  year  over  150  men  from  The  World  at  tlie  front,  sis  of  them  being  wounded 
and   five   killed. 

Through  The  World's  Department  of  Missing  People,  established  ten  years  ago  as  an  assistance  to  people 
who  have  lost  communication  with  relatives,  or  whose  daughters,  sons,  husbands,  wives  or  parents  have 
disappeared,  hundreds  of  missing  people  have  been  found  and  communication  established  between  friends 
and  relatives,  who  have  not  loiown  of  each  other's  whereabouts,  in  some  instances  for  many  years.  In 
many  instances  lost  dear  ones  were  returned  to  people  who  could  not  afford  the  cost  of  advertising  for 
them  or  conducting  expensive  searches,  and  in  other  cases  where  all  efforts  to  locate  them  by  advertising 
and  through  regular  civil  authorities  had  failed.  Any  one  wishing  to  locate  lost  relatives  or  friends  had 
but  to  write  to  J.  Otis  Swift,  Editor  of  Missing  People's  Department,  The  World,  Park  Row,  New  York, 
giving  description  of  the  missing  person,  when  he  disappeared,  etc.,  and  asking  that  mformation  be  asked 
Of  his  whereabouts  in  the  column  about  missing  people  in  The  Sunday  World. 

SUNDAY    WORLD    MAGAZINE    A   GREAT    POPULAR    WEEKLY. 

The  Sunday  World  Magazine  in  1918  reached  the  highest  point  of  its  development  as  a  popular 
.llustrated  weeltly  vitalized  with  the  universal  timely  interest  of  a  great  national  dally  newspaper.  The 
thrilling  panorama  of  the  world  war,  the  literature,  art,  music,  fashions,  fiction,  travel,  adyenture, 
sport,  science,  humors  of  the  day — and  above  all,  picturesque  or  inspiring  personalities  as  they  come 
Into  the  public  eye — all  these  are  sunmiarized  in  such  a  way  as  to  make  each  number  "an  abstract 
and  brief  chronicle  of  our  time."  Outstanding  World  Magazine  features  of  1918  were:  A  series  of 
specially  detailed  war  maps  and  bird's-eye  views,  including  the  western  front,  Verdun,  the  American 
Sector,  the  Queant  Switch,  Germany's  Supreme  Defense  Line,  and  Louis  Biedermann's  imique  indexed 
panoramlo  views,  in  colors,  of  Paris  and  Metz;  the  series  of  six  articles  imder  the  title  of  "My  Eighteen 
Months  in  Sing  Shig  Death  House,"  being  the  poignant  personal  narrative  of  Charles  F.  Stielow;  the 
sensational  true  story  of  the  celebrated  Batf  case,  a  serial  surpassing  fiction,  told  imder  the  title  of 
"Murder  Will  Out;"  the  intimate  personal  narrative  of  the  notorious  Goldsol;  "Splinters  From  a 
Doughboy's  Diary."  Training  Camp  Sketches  by  Private  Hadley  of  the  Marines,  the  Ground  and  Lofty 
Adventures  of  "Chateau"-  Joe  Stehlin,  and  Herb  Roth's  self-illustrated  letters  of  a  Sea-Going  Artist  in 
the  Navy;  Bercovici's  racy  sketches  of  New  York  Life  at  Odd  Angles;  the  big  three  novels  of  the  season, 
complete — "A  Nest  of  Spies,"   "The  House  of  Whispers,"   and   "The  Moving  Finger." 

The  Assay  Office  is  a  weekly  heart-to-heart  talk  about  practical  efficiency  in  all  sorts  of  everyday 
business,  for  men  and  women.  Favorite  pictures-and-text  series,  unique  in  this  Magazine,  have  been: 
Gordon  Ross's  "Betty  Manhattan."  Alfred  Prueh's  caricatures  of  stage  celebrities:  Samuel  Cahan's  Scenes 
of  Hebrew  Life  in  New  York  City,  and  Enrique  Hine's  Un-Natural  History  Humoresques.  The  color 
reproductions  of  contemporary  art  have  included  works  by  Blakelock,  F.  W.  Bensoc,  E.  H.  Blashfield, 


The  World— Continued.  23 


Mortimer  Block,  Robert  W.  Chanler,  Mathllde  de  Cordoba,  Jo  Davidson,  Dines  Carlsen,  Degas.  Warren 
B.  Davis,  Van  D.  Perrine,  Ileleuc  Perdriat,  Percival  Rosseau,  Albert  Herter,  Augustus  V.  Tack,  Mrs. 
Harry  Payne  Whitney,  Wm.  Zorach.  In  music,  among  many  other  features,  the  ten  big  Broadway  song 
hits  of  the  season  were  included. 

THE    WORLD'S    GRAVURE    SECTION. 

Many  notable  photographs  of  the  war  were  published  exclusively  during  the  year  in  The  Sunday 
World's  Gravtire  Section.  Through  it  were  presented  Captain  Rodolfo  Serrao's  wonderful  pictures  made 
at  the  Italian  front,»  the  first  action  pictures  showing  how  a  hydro-aeroplane  is  laimched  from  a  battleship 
and  two  internationally  important  photograplis  of  a  German  U  boat  in.  a  Spanish  port.  The  biggest 
photograph  ever  made,  "The  Capture  of  Vimy  Ridge,"  exhibited  in  Paris,  was  reproduced  as  a  page-wide 
picture.  The  perils  of  the  American  patrol  in  European  waters  were  portrayed  in  remarltable  snapshots 
sent  The  World  by  Herb  Roth,  one  of  its  artists  serving  in  tlie  na\7.  Two  pages  tliat  attracted  wide 
attention  showed  accidents -in  aviation,  and  every  phase  of  military  life  was  adequately  pictiu-ed,  including 
many  photographs  taken  under  fire  at  the  risk  of  the  photographers'   lives. 

The  Editorial  Section  of  The  Sunday  World  has  maintained  its  standing  as  the  recognized  forum 
through  which  leading  thinkers  express  their  views.  •  During  the  year  Ambassadors  and  Plenipotentiaries, 
Cabinet  Ministers^ and  men  identified  with  industry  and  commerce,  have  spoken  through  this  medium. 
A  list  of  contributors  would  show  such  names  as  Secretary  Lane,  Stephan'e  Laiizaune,  Ambassadors 
Penfield  and  Morgenthau. 

SUNDAY   WORLD   FIELD    DAYS    HELPED    WIN    THE   WAR. 

During  the  past  thirteen  years  The  Sunday  World  has  maintained  a  special  bureau  through  which 
It  has  systematically  encouraged  athletics,  nature  study,  gaidening,  walkuig  tours  and  other  forms  of 
healthful  and  useful  recreation  among  the  pupils  of  the  public  schools  of  New  York  City.  As  a  special 
inducement  to  children  to  take  part  in  these  games  and  contests.  The  Sunday  World  offered  prizes 
ranging  from  solid  gold  and  sterling  silver  medals  to  bronze  pins  and  banners.  In  carrying  on  this 
work  The  Sunday  World  had  the  close  co-operation  of  the  Department  of  Education,  tlie  Public  Schools 
Athletic  League,  the  Vacation  Playgroimds  Association  and  the  Parks  and  Playgrounds  Association. 
General  George  W.  Wingate  announced  on  September  22  that  12,876  New  York  City  boys  who  had  won 
Simday  World  prizes  in  P.  S.  A.  L.  athletic  contests  were  fighting  in  France.  "It  is  impossible,"  he 
said,  "to  conceive  all  the  benefits  the  young  men  of  to-day  have  derived  from  these  field  days.  Our 
boys  have  grown  up  strong,  healthy  and  active,  superior  by  far  to  boys  of  other  cities  where  littU  or  no 
attention  was  paid  to  the  physical  development  of  the  school  children.  Outside  of  New  York  City  only 
one  young  man  in  three  was  able  to  pass  the  physical  test  for  enlistment.  In  New  York  City  the 
statistics  are  reversed.     There  was  only  one  yoimg  man  out  of  every  three  who  couldn't  pass." 

Tne  Simday  World  co-operates  with  the  School  Garden  Association  and  donates  prizes  for  garden 
work  and  nature  study  at  home,  in  parks  and  at  the  schools.  Over  30.000  children  were  engaged  in  war 
garden  work  last  summer  as  a  result.  The  Vacation  playground  games,  under  tlie  management  of  the 
Department  of  Education,  provided  athletic  sports  for  thousands  of  school  oliildren  at  120  playgrounds 
during  the  summer.  The  Sunday  World  siipplied  the  prizes  for  these  contests  aud  also  for  the  contests 
of  the  Parks  and  Playgrounds  Association.  The  Sunday  World  Walking  Club  has  squads  iu  all  parts  of 
the  city.  All  public  schools,  including  liigh  schools  and  evening  schools,  are  allowed  to  compete  for  bronzf 
and  silver  prizes  offered  to  The  Sunday  World  for  walking  tours.  In  addition. to  the  prizes  The  Sundaj 
World  also  furnishes  tour  maps  and  bulletins. 

EVENING  WORLD  THE  CHAMPION  OF  PROGRESS. 
The  year  was  a  notable  one  for  The  Evening  World,  which  first  and  foremost  is  the  friend  of  the 
family  that  comes  into  every  home  where  broad  human  views  of  life,  the  welfare  of  the  State,  the 
protection  of  the  household,  the  proper  uprearing  of  children  and  the  progress  of  the  race  are  taken 
seriously  to  heart.  Always  painstaking  iu  selecting  the  news  that  should  interest  all  members  of  the 
family,  if  it's  of  general  interest  to  humanity,  one  may  be  sure  that  "if  it  happens  in  Greater  New 
York,  it  will  be  found  in  The  Evening  World."  Its  clean,  well  written,  breezy  and  helpful  pages  have 
been,  during  the  year,  as  always,  the  enemy  of  ennui.  It  has  stood  for  public  morality,  for  right  and 
Justice  in  the  world  struggle  for  liberty,  and  for  the  protection  of  the  weak  against  possible  encroachments 
of  the  strong  and  selfish.  Its  imexcelled  news  illustrations,  its  campaigns  for  reform  of  public  evils. 
its  many  news  beats,  its  ready  word  in  the  defense  of  those  struggling  for  right  against  might,  its 
chronicling  of  the  heroism,  pathos,  tragedy  and  humor  of  the  daily  life  of  the  world's  greatest  city, 
have  made  it  a  newspaper  always  welcome  In  the  homes,  offices  and  shops  of  its  many  readers.  Its 
strong  editorial  page,  superb  sporting  page,  home  and  other  special  departments  have  made  it  a  power 
for  usefulness  and  good  in  the  community.  Following  out  its  tradition  of  "an  institution  that  should 
always  fight  for  progress  and  reform,"  The  Evening  World  during  the  year  not  only  prhited  the  news 
of  the  city.  State,  Nation  and  the  all-absorbing  world  news  of  the  battle  of  democracy  against  autocracy 
but  its  ear  was  constantly  open  to  the  appeals  of  the  people  for  better  conditions  of  labor,  living  and 

The  children  of  The  Evening  World's  Kiddie  3aub  and  their  parents,  7.500  strong,  swarmed  Luna 
Park,  at  Coney  Island,  on  July  18,  for  their  summer  outing.  Rain  stopped  their  parade  and  kept  tliera 
from  the  outdoor  show,  and  kept  away  the  unprecedented  crowd  expected,  but  their  own  Kiddie  IClub 
Theatre  had  performances  all  the  evening  and  the  covered  attractions  were  nm  at  their  best  for  the 
children.  Kiddie  Klub  badges  admitted  to  the  resort  and  each  child  was  allowed  to  bring  one  grown- 
up friend.  At  the  Kiddie  Klub  Theatre  the  children's  admissions  went  to  found  the  Kiddie  Klub  war 
chest  for  Kiddie  Klub  war  orphans.  The  members  of  the  club  watched  and  acted  in  the  performances 
that  were  staged.     Miss  Eleanor  Schorer  is  the   "Cousin  Eleanor"  of  the  IGddie  ICub. 

The  Evening  World  carried  a  campaign  demanding  the  use  of  the  $170,000,000  Barge  Canal  which 
had  been  built  by  the  State.  The  railroads  for  years  had  been  the  rival  carriers  of  the  canal,  and  as 
was  shown  by  The  Evening  World,  little  or  no  effort  had  been  put  forth  to  malie  any  use  of  it  in  reduc- 
ing the  cost  of  living.  Even  the  priority  order  for  building  barges  had  been  stopped.  When  The  Evening 
World  drew  attention  to  this  backward  step  the  priority  orders  were  restored  and  a  fleet  of  barges  are 
being  built.  So  vital  had  the  issue  grown  when  the  election  for  Governor  came  up  that  Alfred  E.  Smith 
made  this  issue  one  of  his  platforms — the  fiUl  development  of  the  Barge  Canal  throughout  New  York — 
and  he  was  elected. 

EVENING  WORLD   WON   LONG  FIGHT  FOR   PENNY   SCHOOL  LUNCHES. 

The  Evening  Wm-ld's  work  for  a  complete  sjstem  of  penny  Umciies  in  public  schools  at  last  Tjceived 
recognition  early  in  October,  when  it  was  annoiuiced  that  the  Board  of  Education  was  to  take  over  the 
penny  limches,  and  it  was  prophesied  that  the  slogan  so  long  used  by  The  Evening  World  in  its  cam- 
paign—"No  hungry  child  in  a  public  school— food  first  for  the  school  childrenl" — woiUd  become  a.  verity. 


24  The   World— Continued. 


Tl!;.s  liicasiire  wfls  long  achorated  by  this  newspaper,    which  earned  on   "'c   campaign   tl.at  led   .o 
pr.-«.,t  installalinn   of  penny   lunches  in   the  public  schools      Up  to  the  action   taken   by   the   BoaTd   of 
Education,  which  aslccd  foi    $50,000   to  oe  indnded  in  the  1919  budget  for  this  purpose.  The   E\ening 
World  had  emphasized  the  inipoitance  of  penny  Uniches  in  the  public  schools. 

EVENING   WORt.1)  UNCOVERS   COAL   SITUATION. 

In  the  latter  part  of  September  The  Evenhig  World  sent  Sophie  Irene  Loeb  to  the  coal  regions 
of  Pennsylvania  to  make  an  investigation  of  the  coal  situation,  the  consumers  being  apprehensive  with 
the  approach  of  winter,  the  laiown  necessity  of  assisting  America's  allies  in  the  war  and  witli  memories 
of  ooal  scarcity  during  the  pievious  winter.  In  her  despatch  of  Sept.  28  she  said:  "There  is  no  reason 
for  shortage  of  coal  in  New  York  City;  no  reason  for  high  prices  except  the  greed  of  a  few  coal  barons 
who  coutiol  both  the  coal  and  railroads  of  the  anthracite  region.  They  own  thousands  of  acres  of  un- 
mined  coal,  to  say  nothing  of  the  enoimous  culm  banks  which  contain  millions  of  tons  of  coal  now  lying 
on  the  surface  of  the  taith  within  a  half-day's  ride  from  New  York  This  is  coal  that  can  be  readily 
scpaiated  fiom  the  slate  and  refuse  and  made  ready  for  the  maiket  at  a  cost  of  a  few  cents  per  ton." 

Following  investigations  and  inquiries  by  The  World  and  Evening  Woild  into  the  entire  coal  situation 
and  the  work  of  tlie  Fuel  Administration,  an  inciulry  into  the  situation  was  commenced  by  the  Senate 
Coal  Committee  in  Washington  after  the  findings  of  The  Evening  World  had  been  presented  to  it. 

The  Evening  World's  Spoiling  Page  during  1918  mada  a  feature  of  service  athletics.  Special  camp 
stories  were  used  as  a  standard  by  the  Commission  on  Training  Camps  Activities  in  its  endeavors  to 
crciate  an  atliletlc  policy  for  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  boys  in  American  cantonments.  Robert  Edgren 
and  William  AI)I)ott,  in  behalf  of  tlie  Sporting  Page,  directed  the  Army  Athletic  Fund  Show  in  Madison 
Square  Garden  July  13  that  netted  $23,000  to  the  fund  founded  by  the  Commission  on  Training  Camps 
Activities  to  puictiase  neccssai-y  athletic  equipment  for  boys  in  khaki.  This  fistic  carnival  netted  the 
greatest  sura  of  all  athletic  benefits  during  the  year.  During  the  United  War  Workers'  Campaign  in 
November  ths  Sporting  Page  donated  a  handsome  set  Of  prizes  that  were  a  feature  of  an  athl,etic  meet 
promoted  during  the  week'.s  drive 

EVENING  WORLD  EDITOELVL  RECORD  FOR  191S. 
A  series  of  editorials  in  The  Evening  World  last  spring  on  rent  profiteering  in  this  citty  led  to  a 
police  cen.sus  of  vacant  apartments  in  New  York,  followed  by  widespread  discussion  of  rent  problems  and 
a  marked  falling  off  in  the  niunber  of  profiteering  landlords 

Pollovving  the  explosion  in  the  Gillespie  shell-loading  plant  at  Morgan,  N.  T.,  The  Evening  World 
was  the  only  newspaper  in  New  York  to  insist  upon  the  danger  of  concentrating  explosives  in  such 
quantity  close  to  the  metropolitaji  area.  At  length  a  Congressional  Commission  was  appointed  to  inves- 
tigate the  handling  and  storage  of  explosives  in  and  about  New  York  with  a  view  to  safoguairdlng  the 
city  against  this  danger. 

The  Evening  World  editorial   suggestion  that  the  churches  offer  their  Sunday  school  rooms,    social 
rooms,  &o. ,  to  help  out,  the  overcrowded  public  schools  while  the  war  embargo  against  new  school  build- 
ings remained  in  force  was  warmly  approved  and  commended  by  the  churches  and  by  the  city  authorities. 
The  Evening  World  was  also  the  first  New  York  newspaper  to  invite  general  action  on  the  part  of 
employers  to  assure  immediate  jobs  for  disabled  soldiers  when  discharged. 

Since  the  cessation  of  hostilities  The  Evening  World  has  sought  editorially  to  show  labor  the  need 
of  gauging  money  wages  by  the  purchasing  power  of  the  money  and  to  teach  those  elements  of  sound 
economics  which  are  the  surest  safeguards  against  Bolshevism 

These  special  features  of  The  Evening  World  editorial  columns  have  been  in  addition  to  a  broad  and 
constant  Evening  World  editorial  policy  reinforcing  Evening  World  ca^npaigns  for  a  more  adequate  coal 
supply  for  New  York,  for  lower  milk  prices,  for  tha  fuller  utilization  of  the  State's  wateitways  to  bring 
fuel  and  food  to  this  city,  for  curbs  on  the  price-raising  activities  of  gas  companies,  telesphones  and 
retail  food  profiteers. 

Editorially.  The  Evening  World's  aim  is  first  and  foremost  to  fight  for  whatever  will  show  Itself  in 
increased  practical  opportunity,  convenience,  comfort  and  saving,  and  in  greater  measm-e  of  justice  and 
fair  play  for  those  who  live  and  work  in  New  York  and  whose  children  should  grow  up  under  conditions 
calculated  to  make  them  its  loyal  citizens.  „     . 

The  Daily  Magazine  pages  of  The  Evening  World,  to  which  a  large  and  regular  staff  or  special 
writers  and  artists  contribute,  kept  to  the  high  standard  of  artistic  and  literary  excellence  which  they 
have  always  maintained  This  entertaining  section  of  The  Evening  World  early  in  the  year  was  increased 
in  size  to  four  pages,  a  special  feature  page  being  added,  which,  in  illustrations  and  special  articles, 
kept  pace  with  the  most  intoresting  developments  of  the  day's  news.  Will  B.  Johnstone,  Henrj'  Harmony 
and  a  large  number  of  other  artists  have  contributed  to  it  pictorially,  while  among  the  WTiters  whose 
work  has  been  a  regular  feature  of  the  page  are  Nlxola  Greelay- Smith,  Marguerite  Moocrs  Bfarshall, 
Martin  Green,  Arthur  ("Bugs")  Bacr,  Helen  H.  Hoffman,  Hazel  Carter,  and  others,  the  scope  of  whose 
wiltlngs  has  covered  everything  from  war  to  war  work,  from  humor  to  human  interest,  from  inteniews 
to  reviews,  from  adventuie  to  analysis  of  love  and  matrimony.  On  the  editorial  page  Mr.  Cassol's 
cartoons  on  the  war,  support  of  Liberty  Loans  and  other  patriotic  appeals,  and  on  various  national  and 
international  developments  have  been  so  striking  as  to  make  them  a  byword  not  only  in  New  York  hut 
throughout  the  Nation.  For  entertainment  and  instruction  this  page  has  offered  a  wide  variety  of  sub- 
jects and  articles,  chief  among  them  being  the  delichtfully  satirical  but  always  good-natured  writings  of 
Helen  Rowland,  the  philosophical,  helpful,  close-to-human-life  articles  by  Sophie  Irene  Loeb,  the  series 
of  tabloid  brief  but  meaty  historical  series  so  entertainingly  written  by  Albert  Payson  Terhime,  and  that 
old  but  always  amusing  friend  of  Evening  World  readers,  "The  Jarr  Family,"  by  Roy  L.  McCardell 

The  Horne  Page  gave  to  its  readers  a  real  feast  of  fiction  throush  the  best  novels  and  serial  stories 
obtainable,  of  which  it  has  printed  one  complete  every  two  weeks  in  dally  instalments  Pauline  Furlong's 
Health  and  Beauty  articles  have  interested  many  thousands  in  ph.vsical  appearance  and  well-being,  as 
attested  by  voluminous  correspondence  Mildred  Lodewick's  fashion  designs  and  dressmaking  advice 
have  proved  of  great  value  in  the  home  in  these  days  of  economy.  Rev.  Thomas  B  Gregory's  special 
articles,  of  an  editorial  nature,  but  with  intensely  human  applioation,  are  a  new  featTire  of  this  page 
already'  popular  Maurice  Ketten's  humorous  cartoons,  always  clever,  always  hiunan,  always  timely, 
halve  givtin  a  lightening  touch  to  this  page  and  many  good  laughs  to  its  readers 

The  Comic  Page,  to  which  five  comic  artists  have  daily  contributed — Brinkerhoff,  Counihan,  Vic, 
Long  and  Meek — has  distributed  a  good  number  of  daily  laughs  among  the  followers  of  "Little  Mary 
Mixup,"  "The  Big  Little  Fa;mily,"'  "Joe's  Car."  "Somewhere  in  New  York"  and  "Grindstone  George." 
each  comic  scries  h.-is  had  a  different  point  of  appeal  and  a  popularity  peculi.iily  its  own.  On  this  same 
pa^e  Bide  Dudley's  humorous,  gossipy  column,  "About  Plays  and  Players."  has  kept  thei  keen  interest 
of  "all  who  follow  the  stage  and  its  people.  In  his  column  "The  New  Plays."  Charies  Darnton.  The 
Evening  World's  dramatic  critic,  has  given  the  New  York  theatregoer  the  clearest  possible  indication  of 
what   lo  expect  of  every  new  play  opening  In   the  oJty, 


Postal  Information.  25 


S^ostal  Knformatfon. 

CRevlsed  from  the  United  States  Official  Postal  Guide.) 

On  November  29,  1 9  IS,  repeal  of  the  increased '  postage  rates  was  approved  by  the  Senate  Finance 
Committee  at  Washington.  Amendments  to  the  War  Revenue  Bill  were  adopted  to  abolish  the  zone 
increase  on  second-class  rates,  with  a  proviso  that  the  rates  should  be  IH  cents  per  pound  beyond  A  200- 
mile  radius.  The  Committee  also  voted  to  repeal  the  extra  cent  per  ounce  postage  on  letters,  and  ordered 
into  the  bill  the  so-called  cWld  labor  amendment,  ottered  by  Senator  Lodge,  providing  for  a  10  per  cent, 
tax  on  products  of  cliild  labor.  The  change  in  second-class  postage,  under  the  Committee's  amendment, 
would  become  effective  upon  enactment  of  che  bill,  while  that  reducing  first-class  postage  rates  would  be 
effective  July  1,  1919.  The  amendment  reducing  second-class  rates,  offered  by  Senator  Smoot  of  Utah, 
Republican,  provided  that  upon  enactment  of  the  bill  the  existing  zone  system,  which  many  publishers, 
particularly  those  of  magazines,  attacked  as  unjust,  would  be  abolished,  and  that  thereafter  the  second- 
class  rate  should  be  at  the  old  scale  of  one  cent  per  pound  within  a  radius  of  200  miles  from  mailing  points 
and  1 14  cents  p-^r  pound  outside  of  the  200-mile  zone.  When  the  Almanac  went  to  press  Congress  was 
still  debating  the  Senate  Committees  recommendations. 

FOREIGN    MAILS. 

Rates  on  letters  to  Canada  and  the  other  British  Colonies,  and  to  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  three 
cents  an  ounce,  or  fraction  thereof. 

The  above  rates  apply  to  letters  to  England,  Ireland,  Scotland,  and  Wales;  the  Bahamas,  the  Barbadoes, 
British  Guiana,  British  Honduras,  the  Dominican  Republic,  the  Dutch  West  Indies,  the  Leeward  Islands, 
Newfoundland,  Trinidad  (including  Tobago),  and  New  Zealand. 

Rates  on  letters  to  all  other  countries — five  cents  for  the  first  ounce,  and  three  cents  for  each  additional 
ounce  or  fraction. 

Rates  on  postal  cards  to  all  countries — two  cents  each;  on  return  or  reply  cards,  four  cents  each. 

Rates  on  printed  matter  of  all  kinds  (including  newspapers) — one  cent  for  each  tv/o  ounces  or  fraction. 
(The  above  do  not  apply  to  printed  matter  to  Canada,  Cuba,  Mexico,  or  Panama.) 

Rates  on  commercial  papers — including  legal  and  insurance,  deeds,  bills  of  lading,  invoices,  manuscript 
for  publication,  etc. — five  cents  for  the  first  ten  ounces  or  less,  and  one  cent  for  each  additional  two  ounces 
or  fraction. 

Rates  on  samples  of  mtrchandise — two  cents  for  the  first  four  ounces  or  less,  and  one  cent  for  each 
additional  two  ounces  or  fraction. 

Registration  fee,  in  addition  to  postage,  ten  cents.  Letters  "and  postals  may  be  desoatched  even  if 
no  postage  whatever  is  prepaid. 

International  Parcel  Post  rates  from  the  United  States — twelve  cents  a  pound  or  fraction.  (The 
countries  in  the  service  are:  Argentina,  Australia,  Bahamas,  Barbados,  Bermuda,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Bz'itish 
Guiana,  China,  Colombia,  Costa  Rica,  Curacao,  Dominican  Republic,  Dutch  Guiana,  Equador,  France, 
French  Guiana,  Gibraltar,  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Guatemala,  Guadaloupe,  Haiti,  British  Honduras, 
Republic  "f  Honduras,  Hongkong,  Italy,  Jamaica,  Japan,  Lerward  Islands,  Martinique,  Mexico,  Netherlands, 
East  Indies,  Newfoundland,  New  Zealand,  Nicaragua,  Panama,  Peru,  Portugal,  Salvador,  Society  Islands, 
Trinidad,  Uruguay,  Venezuela,  Windward  Islands.  Service  was  suspended  by  the  war  to  Austria,  Belgium, 
Chili,  Denmark,  Greece,  Germany,  Hungary,  Liberia,  Netherlands,  Norway,  and  SwedBn.) 

Letfers  and  Postal  Cards  must  be  despatched  to  Canada  and  Mexico  if  prepaid  one  fiUl  rate  of 
postage  and  to  Cuba  and  Panama  whether  prepaid  or  not.  Other  articles  for  Cuba  and  Panama  must  be 
prepaid  at  least  in  part  and  for  Canada  and  Mexico  in  full. 

Packages  Must  Not  Be  Sealed — Articles  other  than  letters  in  their  usual  and  ordinary  form  are 
excluded  from  the  malls  for  Canada,  Cuba,  Mexico,  and  Panama,  unless  they  are  so  wrapped  that  their 
contents  can  be  easily  examined  by  postmasters  and  customs  officers.  Any  article  Inclosed  in  an  envelope, 
as  the  word  "envelope"  is  generally  used,  without  regard  to  its  size,  is  considered  to  be  "in  the  usual  and 
ordinary  form"  of  a  letter.  But  unsealed  packages  may  contain,  in  sealed  receptacles,  articles  which  cannot 
be  safely  transmitted  in  unsealed  receptacles;  provided,  the  contents  of  the  closed  receptacles  are  plainly 
visible  or  are  precisely  stated  on  the  covers  of  the  closed  receptacles  and  that  the  package  is  so  wrapped 
that  the  outer  cover  can  be  easily  opened. 

N  DOMESTIC  MAIL  MATTER. 

Includes  mall  addressed  for  local  delivery,  or  for  transmission  from  one  place  to  another  within  the 
United  States,  or  to  or  from  or  between  the  possessions  of  the  United  States,  and  to  that  for  transmission 
to  or  from  the  United  States  or  its  possessions  and  to  officers  or  members  of  crews  of  United  States  naval 
vessels,  to  or  from  the  United  States  postal  agency  at  Shanghai,  China,  to  or  from  the  United  States  Ex- 
peditionary Forces  in  Europe  and  Siberia,  and  to  officers  and  men  of  the  United  States  Navy  in  the  United 
States  Naval  Hospital  at  Yokohama,  Japan.     The  domestic  rates  apply  to  all  these  places. 

Rates  on  letters  (other  than  drop  letters) — three  cents  an  ounce  or  fraction  thereof.  (As  noted  under 
foreign  mails,  the  three  cent  rate  includes  Canada  and  Cuba,  and  to  every  place  where  the  United  States 
Mail  Service  is  in  operation.) 

Aeroplane  mail  in  the  United  States — Six  cents  for  the  first  ounce  or  fraction  thereof,  and  six  cents 
for  each  additional  ounce  or  fraction  and  ten  cents  if  ^  special  delivery  service  is  asked.  Such  matter 
must  be  of  the  first  class,  the  sealed  parcels  being  not  over  thirty  inches  In  length  and  girth  combined. 
Postage  must  be  fully  prepaid,  either  in  ordinary  stamps  or  special  aero  stamps. 

Domestic  first-class  or  letter  mail  has  the  same  limit  of  weight  as  fourth-class  or  Parcel  Post  mail. 

On  drop  letters  two  cents  an  ounce  or  fraction  thereof  when  mailed  at  any  Post  Office  for  delivery 
within  its  postal  district,  including  rural  routes  emanating  from  the  office.  The  New  York  City  postal 
district  embraces  Manhattan,  the  Bronx,  Pelham,  and  the  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Cantonment.  This  rate 
also  applies  to  offices  which  have  no  free  delivery  service.  There  is  no  drop  rate  ou  mail  other  than  letters. 
Letters  of  a  person  or  concern  of  one  city  or  place  sent  for  mailing  at  a  Post  Office  in  another  city  or  place 
for  local  delivery  are  not  mailable  at  the  drop  rate  but  are  subject  to  postage  at  three  cents  an  ounce  or 
fraction  thereof. 

On  postal  cards,  including  souvenir  picture  postals  and  private  mailing  cards,  two  cents  each.  On 
return  or  reply  cards,  four  cents  each. 

All  letters  or  prints  of  a  seditious  character  are  barred  from  the  mails. 

REGULATIONS    REGARDING    MAILS    TO    AND    FROM    U.    S.    EXPEDITIONARY     FORCES 

AND  SIBERIA. 

The  Post  Office  Department  authorizes  the  following: 

All  mail  matter  originating  in  the  United  States  or  any  of  its  possessions  for  transmission  to  soldiers 
and  others,  including  civilians  connected  with  the  United  States  Expeditionary  Forces  in  Europe  and  Siberia, 
and  all  mail  originating  with  those  forces  for  transmission  to  the  United  States  or  its  possessions,  is  subject 
to  the  United  States  domestic  classification,  conditions  and  rates  of  postage.  United  States  postage  stamps 
only  are  valid  for  the  prepayment  of  postage  on  matter  above  described,  provided  that  the  stamps  in  use 
in  the  Canal  Zone  and  the  .Philippines  are  valid  for  the  prepayment  of  postage  on  such  matter  as  originates 
in  those  possessious. 


Postal  Information. 


Mail  intended  for  members  of  the  Expeditionary  Forces  should  bear  the  name  and  address  of  the 
sender  in  the  upper  left  corner  and  be  addressed  in  the  following  manner:  (1)  Name  of  addressee,  including 
his  rank,  first  name  in  full,  and  initials,  if  any;  (2)  official  designation  of  the  unit  or  organization  to  which 
addressee  belongs. 

In  order  to  prevent  delay  in  despatch  and  secure  prompt  delivery  of  mail  addressed  to  the  Expeditionary 
Forces  It  is  important  that  thp  postage  be  fully  prepaid. 

Letters  of  soldiers,  sailors  and  marines  may  be  sent  through  the  mails  without  prepayment  of 
postage,  provided  they  bear  in  the  upper  left  corner  of  the  envelope  the  name  of  the  soldier,  suilor  or  marine, 
together  with  the  designation  of  the  service  to  which  he  belongs. 

Any  article  of  mail  may  be  specially  delivered  on  an  extra  payment  of  ten  cents. 

SECOND-CLASS   MATTER— NO   LIMIT   TO   WEIGHT.     RATES   TO   THE   PUBLIC. 
Newspapers  and  periodicals  unsealed,  1  cent,  each  4  ounces  or  fraction.     Incomplete  copies,  1  cent 
for  each  2  ounces. 

Zones  applicable  to  fourth-class  matter  applicable  to  second-class  matter. 

For  the  purpose  of  determining  the  rate  of  postage  publishers  are  recuired,  with  the  first  mailing  of 
each  issue,  to  file  with  the  Postmaster  a  espy  of  such  Issue  together  with  a  statement  of  such  information 
as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  Postmaster-General. 

Where  the  total  weight  of  any  one  edition  oi  issue  of  any  publication  mailed  to  any  one  zone  does  not 
exceed  one  pound  the  rate  of  postage  shall  be  one  cent. 

The  zone  rates  provided  by  this  law  relate  to  the  entire  bulk  mailed  to  any  one  zone  and  not  to  indi- 
vidually addressed  packages. 

■    Where  a  newspaper  or  periodical  is  mailed  by  other  than  the  publisher  or  his  agent  or  a  newa  agent 
or  dealer,  the  rate  shall  be  the  same  as  to  the  general  public. 

THIRD-CLASS    (PRINTED)    MATTER   RATES— LIMIT   OF   WEIGHT,   FOUR   POUNDS. 

Oh  each  individually  addressed  piece  or  package,  I  cent  for  each  2  ounces  or  fraction  thereof. 

Packages  of  4  pounds  or  less,  containing  third  and  fourth-class  matter,  are  chargeable  at  the  higher 
rate.  If  the  package  exceeds  4  pounds  and  contains  parcel  post  and  miscellaneous  printed  matter,  the 
rate  is  as  fourth-class  matter. 

FOURTH-CLASS   MATTER   RATES. 

(Domestic  Parcel  Post.) 

Must  be  fully  prepaid — unsealed. 

(a)  Parcels  weighing  4  ounces  or  less,  except  books,  seeds,  plants,  etc.,  i  cent  for  each  ounce  or  fraction 
thereof,  any  distance.  s 

(i>)  Parcels  weighing  8  oiuices  or  less,  containing  books,  seeds,  cuttings,  bulbs,  roots,  scions,  and  plants, 
I  cent  for  each  2  ounces  or  fraction  thereof,  regardless  of  distance. 

(c)  Parcels  weighing  more  than  8  ounces,  containing  books,  seeds,  plants,  etc.,  parcels  of  miscellaneous 
printed  matter  weighing  more  than  4  pounds,  and  all  other  parcels  of  fourth-class  matter  weighing  miore 
than  4  ounces  are  chai'geable;  according  to  distance  or  zone,  at  the  pound  rates  shown  in  the  table  below, 
except  as  provided  in  paragraph  (d),  a  fraction  of  a  pound  being  computed  as  a  full  pound. 

(d)  Parcels  subject  to  the  pound  rates,  mailed  for  delivery  within  the  first  or  second  zone, 

are,  when  the  distance  by  the  shortest  regular  mall  route  from  the  office  of  origin  to  the  office  of  delivery 
is  300  miles  or  more,  6  cents  for  the  first  pound  and  2  cents  for  each  additional  pound,  a  fraction  of  a 
pound  being  computed  as  a  full  pound.   ' 

(c)  Alaska,  Hawaiian  and  Philippine  Islands,  etc. — The  eighth  zone  rate  of  12  cents  for  each 
pound  or  fraction  thereof  on  all  parcels  weighing  more  than  4  ounces  (except  books,  seeds,  cuttings,  bulbs, 
roots,  scions,  and  plants,  weighing  8  ounces  or  less)  applies  (1)  between  the  United  States  and  the  Hawaiian 
Islands;  (2)  between  the  United  States  and  its  pootal  agency  at  Shanghai,  China;  (3)  between  any  two 
points  in  Alaska  and  between  any  point  'n  Alaska  and  any  other  point  in  the  United  States;  (4)  betweer 
the  United  States  and  the  Canal  Zone;  (5)  between  the  United  States  and  the  Philippine  Islands;  (6)  to 
from,  or  between  Guam,  Tutuila,  and  Manua  and  other  islands  of  the  Samoan  group  east  of  longitude  171'- 
west  of  Greenwich,  and  the  United  States  and  its  other  possessions;  (7)  between  the  United  States  and  its 
naval  vessels  stationed  in  foreign  waters;  (8)  between  the  United  States  and  its  Expeditionary  Forces  in 
Europe  and  Siberia. 

(/)  Canada,  Cuba,  Mexico,  and  Republic  of  Panama — Twelve  cents  for  each  pound  or  fraction 
thereof  also  applies  to  fourth-class  matter,  including  seeds,  cuttings,  bulbs,  roots,  scions,  and  plants  (but 
excepting  books  and  other  printed  matter  on  which  the  rate  is  1  cent  for  each  2  ounces  or  fraction  thereof 
in  all  cases),  weighing  more  than  4  ounces  and  not  exceeding  4  pounds  6  ounces,  when  mailed  to  Canada, 
Mexico,  Cuba,  and  the  RepubHc  Of  Panama.  (Parcels  weighing  up  to  20  pounds  may  be  sent  to  Mexico 
and  the  Republic  of  Panama  as  foreign  parcel  post  mail  under  the  parcel  post  conventions  with  those 
countries.) 

The  special  delivery  fee  is  10  cents  in  addition  to  the  regular  postage. 

The  limit  of  weight  of  fourth-class  matter  is  70  pounds  for  parcels  mailed  for  delivery  within  the 
flrst,  second,  and  third  zones,  and  50  pounds  for  all  other  zones. 

Limit  of  size — Parcel  post  matter  may  not  exceed  84  Inches  in  length  and  girth  combined.  In  meas- 
uring a  parcel  the  greatest  distance  In  a  straight  line  between  the  ends  (but  not  around  the  parcel)  Is  taken 
as  its  length,  while  the  distance  around  the  parcel  at  its  thickest  part  is  taken  as  its  girth.  For  example, 
a  parcel  35  inches  long,  10  inches  wide,. and  5  inches  high  measures  65  inches  iu  length  and  girth  combined. 

Rate  of  postage  on  gold  coin,  gold  bullion,  and  gold  dust  offered  for  mailing  between  any  two  points 
In  Alaska,  or  between  any  point  in  Alaska,  and  any  point  in  the  United  Statas  or  its  possessions,  2  cents 
an  ounce  or  fraction  thereof,  regardless  of  distance.  Such  gold  coin,  gold  bullion,  or  gold  dust  must  be 
in  sealed  package  not  over  11  pounds  in  weight  and  must  be  sent  by  registered  mail. 

Packages  of  merchandise  that  weigh  over  4  oimccs  and  not  over  4  pounds  6  ounces,  may  be  sent  to 
Canada,  Cuba,  Mexico,  and  the  Republic  of  Panama,  at  tlie  eighth  zone  rate  of  postage  (12  cents  for  each 
pound  or  fraction  thereof).  Parcels  for  Cuba,  Mexico,  and  the  Republic  of  Panama  must  be  accompanied 
by  customs  declarations  regardless  ot  their  weiglit.  Packages  of  merchandise  weighing  not  more  than  4 
ounces  may  be  mailed,  at  the  postage  rate  of  1  cent  for  each  ounce  or  fraction  of  an  ounce,  to  Canada, 
Cuba,  Mexico,  and  the  Republic  of  Panama.  Customs  declarations  are  required  on  such  parcels  ot  merchan- 
•d!S3  of  4  ounci'S  or  lejss  to  Mexico  and  the  Republic  of  Panama.  Packages  of  merchandise  cannot  be  insured 
or  sent  C.  O.  D.,  but  mav  be  registered  for  Canada.  Cuba,  Mexico  and  the  Republic  of  Panama.  Mailable 
merchandise  for  Mexico  and  the  Republic  of  Panama,  at  the  option  of  the  sender,  may  also  be  sent  by 
international  parcel  post  it  it  conforms  to  tiie  requirements. 


Postal  Information. 


27 


PARCEL 

POST   ZONE    RATES — (Domestic   Mail   Matter.) 

Weight  in 

POUNDS. 

1st  Zone . 

2d  Zone. 

3d  Zone. 

4th   Zone. 

5tli  Zone. 

6tli   Zone. 

7th   Zone. 

8th   Zone. 

Local. 

Up  to  50 

50  to  150 

150  to  300 

300  to  600 

600  to. 

1,000  to 

1,400  to 

Over 

Miles. 

Miles. 

Miles. 

Miles. 

1,000  Mis. 

1,400  Mis. 

1,800  Mis. 

1,800  Mis. 

1 

SO.  05 

50.05 

50.05 

SO.  06 

50.07 

.50.08 

50.09 

50.11 

50.12 

2 

.06 

.06 

.06 

.08 

.11 

.14 

.17 

.21 

.24 

3 

.06 

.07 

.07 

.10 

.15 

.20 

.26 

.31 

.36 

4 

.07 

.08 

.08 

.12 

.19 

.20 

.33 

.41 

.48 

5 : 

.07 

.09 

.09 

.14 

.23 

.32 

.41 

.51 

.60 

G 

.08 

.10 

.10 

.16 

.27 

.38 

.49 

.61 

.72 

7 

.08 

.11 

.11 

.18 

.31 

.44 

.r,7 

.71 

.84 

8 

.09 

.12 

".12 

.20 

.      .35 

.50 

.05 

.81 

.96 

9 

.09 

.13 

.13 

.22 

'      .30 

.56 

.73 

.91 

1.08 

10 

.10 

.14 

.14 

.24 

.43 

.62 

.81 

1.01 

1.20 

11 

.10 

.15 

.15 

.26 

.47 

.68 

.89 

1.11 

1.32 

12 

.11 

.16 

.16 

.28 

.51 

.74 

.97 

1.21 

1.44 

13 

.11 

.17 

.17 

.30 

.55 

.80 

1.05 

1.31 

1.56 

14 

.12 

.18 

.18 

.32 

.59 

.86 

1.13 

1.41 

1.68 

15 

.12 

.19 

.19 

.34 

.63 

.92 

1.21 

1.51 

1.80 

16 

-.13 

.20 

.20 

.36 

.67 

.98 

1.29 

1.61 

1.92 

17 

.13 

.21 

.21 

.38 

.71 

1.04 

1.37 

1.71 

2.04 

IS 

.14 

.22 

.22 

.40 

.75 

1.10 

1.45 

1.81 

2.16 

19       

.14 
.15 

.23 
.24 

.23 
.24 

.42 
.44 

.79 
'       .83 

1.16 
1.22 

1.53 
1.61 

1.91 
2.01 

2  28 

20 

2.40 

21 

.15 

.25 

.25 

.46 

.87 

1.28 

1.69 

2.11 

2.52 

22 

.16 

.26 

.26 

.48 

.91 

1.34 

1.77 

2.21 

2.64 

23 

.16 

.27 

.27 

.50 

.95 

1.40 

1.85 

2.31 

2.76 

24 

.17 

.28 

.28 

.52 

.99 

1.46 

1.93 

2.41 

2.88 

25 

.17 

.29 

.29 

.54 

1.03 

1.52 

2.01 

2.51 

3.00 

26 

.18 

.30 

.30 

.56 

1.07 

1.58 

2.09 

2.61 

3.12 

27 

.18 

.31 

.31 

.58 

1.11 

1.64 

2.17 

2.71 

3.24 

28.../... . 
29....... . 

.19 

.32 

.32 

.60 

1.15 

1.70 

2.25 

12.81 

3.36 

.19 

.33 

.33 

.62 

1.19 

1.70 

2.33 

2.91 

.3.48 

30 

.20 

.34 

.34 

.   .64 

1.23 

1.82 

2.41 

3.01 

3.60 

31 

.20 

.35 

.35 

.66 

1.27 

1.88 

2.49 

3.11 

3.72 

32 

.21 

.36 

.36 

.68 

1.31 

1.94 

2.57 

3.21 

3.84 

33 

.21 

.37 

.37 

.70 

1.35 

2.00 

2.65 

3.31 

3.96 

34 

.22 

.38 

.38 

.72 

1.39 

2.06 

2.73 

3.41 

4.08 

35 

.22 

.39 

.39 

.74 

1.43 

2.12 

2.81 

3.51 

4.20 

36 

.23 

.40 

■        .40 

'     .76 

1.47 

2.18 

2.89 

3.61 

4.32 

37 

.23 

.41 

.41 

.78 

1.51 

2.24 

2.97 

3.71 

4.44 

38 

.24 

.42 

.42 

.80 

1.55 

2.30 

3.05 

3.81 

4.56 

39 

.24 

.43 

.43 

.82 

1.59 

2.36 

3.13 

3.91 

4.68 

40 

.25 

.44 

.44 

.84 

1.63 

2.42 

3.21 

4.01 

4.80 

41 

.25 

.45 

.45 

.86 

1.67 

2.48 

3.29 

4.11 

4.92 

42 

.26 

.46 

.46 

.88 

1.71 

2.54 

3.37 

4.21 

5.04 

43 

.26 

.47 

.47 

.90 

1.75 

2.60 

3.45 

4.31 

5.16 

44 

.27 

.48 

.48 

.92 

1.79 

2.66 

3.53 

4.41 

5.28 

45 

.27 

.49 

.49 

.94 

1-.83 

2.72 

3.61 

4.51 

5.40 

46 

.28 

.50 

.50 

.96 

1.87 

2.78 

3.69 

4.61 

5.52 

47 

.28 

.51 

.51 

.98 

1.91 

2.84 

3.77 

4.71 

5.64 

48 

.29 

.52 

.52 

1.00 

1.95 

2.90 

3.85 

4.81 

5.76 

49 

.29 

.63 

.53 

1.02 

1.99 

2.96 

3.93 

4.91 

5.88 

50 

.30 

.54 

.54 

1.04 

2.03 

3.02 

4.01 

5.01 

6.00 

51 

.30 
.31 

.55 
.56 

.55 
.56 

1.06 
1.08 

52 

.. 

63 

.31 
.32. 

.57 
.58 

.57 
.58 

1.10 
1.12 

54 

55        .... 

.32 
.33 
.33 
.34 

.59 
.60 
.61 
.62 

.59 
.60 
.61 
.62 

1.14 
1.16 
1.18 
1.20 

56 

57 

58 

59 

.34 

.63 

.63 

1.22 

60 

.35 

.64 

.64 

1.24 

61 

62 

63 

64 

35 

65 

.65 

1  26 

36 

66 

.66 

1  28 

36 

67 

67 

1  30 

.37 

.68 

.68 

1.32 

65 

66 ■..  . 

37 

69 

69 

1  34 

.38 

.70 

.70 

1.36 

__ 

67 

68 

69 

70 

38 

71 

71 

1.38 

39 

«  72 

72 

1  40 

39 

73 

73 

1  42 

.40 

.74 

.74 

1.44 

1 

A  war  stamp  tax  of  1  cent  for  each  postage  charge  of  25  cents,  or  fractional  part  of  25  cents,  must  be 
paid  on  parcel  post  or  fourth-class  matter  on  which  the  postage  amounts  to  not.  less  than  25  cents.  Special 
Internal  Revenue  .stamps  must  be  used.     They  are  for  sale  by  Postmasters. 

N0TI. — The  war-stamp  tax  does  not  apply  to  parcels  sent  to  (1)  United  States  Expeditionary  Forces 
abroad,  (2)  Porto  Rico,  (3)  Philippine  Islands,  (4)  Canal  Zone,  (5)  Virgin  Islands  of  the  United  States, 
(6)  Guam,  Tutuila  and  Manua  and  other  islands  of  the  Samoan  group  belonging  to  the  United  States,  (7) 
United  States  Naval  vessels,  (8)  Parcels  addressed  to  foreign  countries,  (9)  Parcels  sent  by  officers  or 
employees  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  State,  Temtory,  or  the  District  of  Columbia  or  political  sub- 
division thereof,  in  the  discharge  of  Governmental  functions,  provided  they  bear  in  the  upper  left  corner 
of  the  address  side  of  the  wrapper  or  label  the  official  designation  or  name,  together  with  the  address  of 
the  department,  office,  or  officer  by  whom  sent,  as  evidence  of  their  being  transmitted  in  the  discharge  of 
the  Governmental  functions  of  the  United  States,  or  of  a  State  or  political  subdivision  thereof,  and  con- 
sequently exempt  from  the  war-stamp  tax,  and  (10)  parcels  of  merchandise  mailed  by  the  American  Red 
Cross  to  be  used  e.\cluslvely  in  connection  with  war  work  for  tlie  benefit  of  the  United  States. 


28  Postal  Information. 


Consular  invoices  for  Cuba — Regardless  of  the  fact  that  It  is  necessary  to  attach  a  customs  declara- 
tion 10  each  package  of  merchandise  for  Cuba,  the  customs  regulations  of  that  country  require  that  the 
senders  of  merchandise  must  present  at  the  proper  Cuban  consular  office  for  certification  a  consular  invoice 
covering  the  merchandise,  it  the  merchandise  represents  a  value  of  S5  or  more.  Invoices  mailed  at  United 
States  Post  Offices,  vifhere  no  Cuban  consular  office  is  located,  are  excepted  from  this  requirement.  The 
consular  invoice  may  either  accompany  the  package  or  be  sent  under  separate  cover. 

Return  postage — Packages  of  merchandise  originally  prepaid  at  the  rate  of  12  cents  a  pound  and 
returned  as  undeliverabie  from  Mexico  and  Panama  are  subject  to  a  return  charge  equal  to  the  amount 
of  postage  originally  prepaid.  This  charge  does  not  apply  to  packages  of  merchandise  weighing  4  ounces 
or  less  and  originally  prepaid  at  the  rate  of  1  cent  an  ounce  or  fraction  of  an  ounce. 

Registered  mail — The  fee  is  10  cents  over  the  regular  postage.  Articles  admissible — Any  mailable 
article,  except  unsealed  fourth-class  matter  (parcel  post)  for  domestic  destinations,  may  be  registered  if 
the  article  is  not  too  cumbersome.  Domestic  parcels  containing  fourth-class  matter  may  also  be  registered 
if  sealed  and  the  usual  fee  and  postage  at  the  flrst-class  rate  are  paid.  Mailable  articles  addressed  to  foreign 
countries  may  be  registered  in  the  same  way  as  domestic  matter.  International  parcel  post  articles  for 
Argentina,  Australia,  Barbadoes,  Curacoa,  Dutch  Guiana,  France,  French  Guiana,  Gibraltar,  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  Guadaloupe,  Italy,  Martinique,  Mexico,  Holland,  Society  Islands  and  Uruguay  cannot  be 
registered.  Parcels  for  foreign  countries  to  which  domestic  rates  apply,  as  Canada,  Cuba,  Mexico  and  the 
Republic  of  Panama,  may  be  registered,  but  not  insured. 

Insured  and  C.  O.  D.  Mail — Parcel  post  mail,  except  bees  and  one-day  chicks,  may  be  Insured.  The 
lees  are:  On  $5  or  less,  3  cents;  $5  to  S25,  5  cents;  $25  to  $50,  10  cents;  $50  to  SlOO,  25  cents.  C.  O.  D. 
charges  on  parcel  post  mail  will  be  collected  for  the  following  fees:  Up  to  $50,  10  cents  in  stamps;  $50 
to  $100,  25  cents  in  stamps;  such  parcels  are  automatically  Insured. 

Money  Orders — The  maximum  is  SlOO,  but  there  is  no  limit  to  the  number  that  can  be  Issued  In  one 
day  to  the  same  remitter.  The  fees  for  domestic  orders  are:  $2.50  or  less,  3  cents;  $2.51  to  $5.00,  5  cents; 
$5  01  to  $10.00,  8  cents;  $10.01  to  $20.00,  10  cents;  $20.01  to  $30.00,  12  cents;  S30.01  to  $40.00.  15  cents: 
$40  01  to  $50  00,  18  cents;  $50.01  to  $60.00,  20  cents;  S60.01  to  $75.00,  25  cents;  $75.01  to  $100.00,  30  cents. 
International  money  orders  cost  10  cents  for  $10.00  or  less,  and  10  cents  extra  on  each  additional  $10.00, 
up  to  $1.00  for  $100.00.  Domestic  money  orders  are  payable  within  30  days  at  any  United  States  Post 
Offlce  (continental);  after  that,  only  at  the  office  designated.  In  the  United  States  colonies,  etc.,  the  orders 
are  payable  only  at  the  offlce  drawn  upon. 
UNITED  STATES  ARMY  POSTAL  SERVICE>— REMITTANCES  BY  DOMESTIC  MONEY  ORDERS. 

An  order  may  be  issued  at  any  money  order  offlce  In  the  United  States  on  the  domestic  form,  and  at 
the  domestic  rate  of  fees  for  payment  at  any  branch  Post  OtRoe  or  station  established  by  this  Department 
for  the  benefit  and  convenience  of  our  expeditionary  forces.  The  coupon  of  a  money  order  intended  for 
any  one  connected  with  our  military  activities  should  bear  the  designation  of  the  division,  regiment,  com- 
pany or  organization  in  the  branch  of  the  service  to  which  the  addressee  or  payee  belongs.  Money  orders 
should  be  drawn  on  the  "United  States  Army  Postal  Service"  without  attempting  to  designate  the  par- 
ticular station  or  locality  where  payment  is  to  be  made.  ,        .       ,  ^        , 

Unmallable  Matter— Includes  not  only  all  legitimate  matter  not  conforming  to  the  rules  as  to  legibihty 
of  address  size  of  package  or  certificates  of  inspection,  but  also  game.  etc..  killed  out  of  season;  poisons, 
explosive  or  Inflammable  articles,  or  bad  smelling;  all  spirituous  and  malt  liquors;  all  liquor  advertisements 
to  or  from  prohibition  localities;  Indecent  matter,  written  or  otherwise;  dunning  postals  and  lottery,  endless 
chain  and  fraud  matter.  In  addition,  sealed  mail  to  a  foreign  country,  except  it  be  obviously  letters,  cannot 
be  sent   nor  can  publications  in  violation  of  the  copyright  laws  of  the  country  of  destination. 

Preparation  and  Wrapping  of  mail  matter — All  except  flrst-class  must  be  done  up  in  such  a  way 
as  to  be  subject  to  postal  inspection.  There  must  be  strong  crates  or  covers  for  heavy  matter,  and  greases, 
powd»rs  pastes,  jagged  edges,  etc.,  must  be  kept  from  getting  outside  their  covers.  All  bottles  must  be 
Incased, 'and  "fragile,"  "right  side  up,"  "perishable,"  etc.,  must  be  marked  on  the  covers  of  glass,  eggs, 
etc.,  according  to  the  necessities  of  each  case.  ,       ^         , 

Postal  Savings — The  limit  of  an  Individual  deposit  has  been  increased  from  $1,000  to  $2,500.  No 
sum  of  less  than  $1  will  be  accepted  for  a  deposit.  Interest  Is  allowed  at  the  rate  of  2  per  cent.  Deposits 
are  tax-free.  An  account  may  be  opened  and  deposits  made  by  any  person  of  the  age  of  10  years  or  over. 
In  his  or  her  own  name,  and  by  a  married  woman  in  her  own  name  and  free  from  any  control  or  Interference 
by  her  husband.  Deposits  will  be  accepted  only  from  Individuals.  No  account  will  be  opened  in  the 
name  of  any  corporation,  association,  society.  Arm,  or  partnership,  in  the  name  of  any  person  as  an  officer 
of  a  corporation,  association,  or  society,  in  the  name  of  any  person  as  a  member  of  a  firm  or  partnership, 
or  in  the  name  of  two  or  more  persons  Jointly.  No  account  will  be  opened  in  the  name  of  one  person  in 
trust  for  or  on  behalf  of  another  person  or  persona.  A  person  may  open  a  postal  savings  account  at  any 
depository  post  offlce,  but  no  person  may  at  the  same  time  have  more  than  one  postal  savings  account 
either  at  the  same  offlce  or  at  different  offices.  Amounts  less  than  $1  may  be  saved  by  purchasing  10-cent 
postal  savings  cards  and  10-cent  postal  savings  stamps.  A  postal  savings  card  with  9  postal  savings  stamps 
affixed  will  be  accepted  as  a  deposit  of  SI  either  In  opening  an  account  or  in  adding  to  an  existing  account, 
or  it  may  be  redeemed  in  cash.  Postal  savings  cards  and  stamps  are  not  valid  for  postage,  and  postmasters 
will  not  give  them  in  exchange  for  postage  stamps,  nor  give  postage  stamps  In  exchange  for  postal  savings 
cards  and  stamps.  Deposits  are  evidenced  by  postal  savings  certificates  Issued  in  fixed  denominations 
of  $1  $2  $5,  $10,  S20,  $50.  $100.  $200.  and  $500,  each  bearing  the  name  of  the  depositor,  the  number 
of  his  account,  the  date  of  Issue,  the  name  of  tlie  depository  offlce,  and  the  date  on  which  interest  begins. 
Postal  savings  certificates  are  not  transfv^rable  or  negotiable.  A  depositor  may  exchange  the  whole  or 
any  part  of  his  deposits  for  registered  or  coupon  United  States  postal  savings  bonds.  Issued  in  denomina- 
tions of  $20  SlOO  and  S500,  bearing  interest  at  the  rate  of  2yi  per  cent,  per  annum,  payable  semi-annually, 
redeemable 'at  the  pleasure  of  the  United  States  after  one  year  from  date  of  issue,  and  payable  20  years 
from  such  date.  Both  principal  and  Interest  is  payable  In  United  States  gold  coin.  The  exchange  may 
be  made  as  of  January  1  and  July  1  of  each  year. 

Pension  Checks — Letters  bearing  a  printed  lndcrs>ment  referring  to  the  Act  of  August  17,  1912, 
must  not  be  delivered  to  any  one  in  case  the  addressee  has  died  'or  has  re-enlisted.  Is  under  guardianship 
or  Is  away  permanentlv  from  the  delivery  of  the  post  offlce  addressed,  or.  If  a  widow,  has  remarried. 

Prisoner's  Mail  -»A  letter  addressed  to  a  person  imprisoned  to  await  trial,  upon  indictment,  or  pending 
Indictment  should  bt  delivered  in  accordance  with  the  order  of  the  person  addressed.  In  the  absence  of 
an  order  the  mall  may  be  delivered  to  the  sheriff  or  officer  having  charge  of  the  prisoner. 

Husband  or  Wif£^— Neither  husband  nor  wife  can  control  the  delivery  of  mail  addressed  to  the  other, 
sicalnst  the  wishes  of  the  one  to  whom  it  is  addressed.  In  the  absence  of  Instructions  to  the  contrary  the 
Y^fe^ letters  will  be  delivered  with  the  husband's  mall  unless  they  be  known  to  live  separately. 

Minors The  delivery  of  mall  addressed  to  a  minor  Is  subject  to  the  orders  of  the  parent  or  guardian. 

Officials Mail  addressed  to  a  public  official,  or  to  an  offlcer  of  a  corporation,  by  his  title,  will  be  dellv- 

pred  to  the  person  actually  holding  the  offlce  designated  in  the  address. 

Arfyertised  Mall — The  addressee  Is  required  to  Identify  It  and  pay  a  fee  of  1  cent. 

Wrong  Delivery-^A  person  receiving  mail  not  intended  lor  him  should  return  It  promptly  to  the 
DOSt  offlce  lor  proper  disposition.  If  such  mall  has  been  opened  by  mistake  it  should  be  Indorsed,  "Opened 
by  mistake,"  with  the  signature  of  the  person  receiving  it. 


Vote  of  Candidates  for  Congress  in  New  York  State,  1918. 


29 


nelivery  to  Sender— When  the  sender  ot  a  letter  desires  to  recall  it  his  application  must  be  submitted 
to  the  postmaster  at  the  office  of  mailing. 

Registered  and  fourth-class  matter  are  not  mailable  at  mail  cars.  „     ^    ,      „„„!„„h     -d,. 

Prepayment  of  Postage  on  domestic  matter  at  time  of  mailing,  by  stamps  affixed,  is  requlrea.  By 
special  permission,  however,  postage  may  be  paid  in  money  on  matter  of  the  second,  tUird,  ana  lOurtii 
classes  when  mailed  in  quantities.  Postmasters  are  not  required  to  affix  stamps  to  mail.  "Tien  stamps 
are  so  affixed  to  mail  that  one  overlies  another,  concealing  part  of  its  surface,  the  stamp  thus  covered  is 
not  taken  into  account  in  prepayment.  ,  .  ^        ,        .     ,      j  „,.,, ^^„,  „,  „  i„„„_ 

Two  Classes  of  Matter  in  One  Parcel— Matter  of  a  higher  class  inclosed  with  matter  of  a  lower 
class  subjects  the  whole  to  the  higher  rate.  Persons  knowingly  concealing  or  inclosing  matter  of  a  higher 
class  in  that  of  a  lower  class,  for  the  purpose  of  evading  payment  of  the  proper  postage,  are  liable  to  a  fine 
of  not  more  than  5100. 

VOTE    OF    CANDIDATES    FOR    CONGRESS   IN    NEW    YORK   STATE,    1918. 

(By  Districts.) 


1.  Hicks,  Rep.,  Dem.,  and  Proh.,  £3,579;  Sieburg, 
Soc,  1,862. 

2.  Caldwell,  Rep.  and  Dem.,  54,394;  Burkle,  Soc, 
8,940. 

3.  Macerate,  Rep.  and   Dem.,  14,720;  Whiteliom, 
Soc,  5,107;  Fogarty,  Busi£ioss  Men,  10,249. 

4.  Bowman,  Rep.  and  Proh.,  6,599;  Cullen,  Dem., 
23,146;  Rumpler,  Soc,  1,029. 

5.  Green,    Rep.,    23,844;    Johnson,    Dem.,    32,090; 
Peter.s,  Soc,  1,530. 

6.  Rowe,   Rep.   and   Proh.,   26,806;   Taylor,   Dem., 
20,470;  Riley,  Soc,  4,287. 

7.  Morgan,   Rep.  and  Proh.,  9,309;  Maher,  Dem., 
I9,S34;  O'Neal,  Soc,  4,513. 

8.  Adams,    Rep.,    14,778;    Cleary,    Dem.,    24,069; 
Shulman,  Soc,  5,114;  Ncidig,  Proh.,  193. 

9.  Swift,  Rep.  and  Proh.,  27,393;  O'Connell,  Dem., 
28,882;  Robinson,  Soc,  6,751. 

10.  Ha-ilicll,   Rep.,    17,441;   Martin,   Dem.,    15,911; 
ShiplacoiT,  Soc,  9,987. 

11.  Michalos,  Rep.,  7,080;  Riordan,  Dem.,  21,525; 
Bvms,  Soc,  1,242;  Weber,  Proh.,  379. 

12.  Goldfogle,  Rep.  and  Dem.,  7,452;  London,  Soc, 
6,025;  Rawlins,  Proh.,  18;  Burger,  Ind.  S.  D.,  2. 

13.  Sullivan,  Rep.  and  Dem.,  6,962;  Lee,  Soc,  3,502; 
Perry,  Proh.,  27. 

14.  La  Guardla,  Rep.  and  Dem.,   14,523;  Nearing, 
Soc,  0,214;  Saunders,  Proh.,  89. 

15.  Wiener,    Rep.,    5,373;    Dooling,    Dem.,    23,492; 
Witherspoon,  Soc,  945;  Burnham,  Proh.,  141. 

16.  Rock,     Rop.,     6,188;     Smitli,     Dem.,     21,289; 
Deardsley,  Soc,  2,057;  Gillespie,  Proh.,  94. 

J7.  Tanner,   Rep.,   17,839;   Pell  Jr.,   Dem.,    19,593; 
Halocrn,  Soc,  1,460;  Green,  Proh..  120. 

18.  Lcdcr,     Rep.,    4,797;     Carow,     Dem.,     23,800; 
Newman,  Soc,  4,741;  Maybell,  Proh.,  74. 

19.  Chandler,  Rep.,  23,125;  Rowan,  Dem.,  24.961; 
Malkiel,  Soc,  3,319;  Myers,  Proh.,  240. 

20.  Slegel,   Rep.   and   Dem.,   9,417;   Hlllquit,    Soc, 
0,005;  Simmons,  Proh.,  36. 

21.  Holies,   Bep.,  25,677;   Donovan,   Dem.,  33,233; 
Miller,  Soc,  3,156;  Packer,  Pi-oh.,  206. 

22.  Sadie  Kost,  Rep.,  5,269;  Griffin,  Dem.,  22,713; 
Murphy,  Soc.  4,323;  Talt,  Proh.,  174. 


23.  Haley,  Rep.,  17,975;  McKiniry,  Dem.,  39,573: 
Geisler,  Soc,  14,146. 

24.  Falrchild,  Rep.  and  Proh.,  27,037;  Ganly,  Dem., 
28,636;  Klein,  Soc,  8,968. 

25.  Hustcd,  Rep.,  22,562;  Sherman,  Dem.,  16,248; 
Jones,  Soc,  1,017;  .Jewell.  Proh.,  320. 

26.  Piatt,    Rep.,    30,010;    Coleman,    Dem.,   20,727; 
Perkins,  Soc,  881;  Knapp.  Proh.,  970. 

27.  Ward,   Rep.,  30.839:  Evans,  Dem.  and  Proh., 
25,620;  Miles,  Soc,  810. 

28.  Sanford,  Rep.  and  Proh.,  41,981;  Lawson,  Dem., 
33,712;  Depew,  Soc,  1,360.  „„      „ 

29.  Parker,    Rep..    42.035;    Rogers.    Dem.,    23,139; 
Linehon,  Soc,  945;  Robbins,  Proh.,  1,361. 

30.  Crowther,  Rep.,  24,443;  Lunn,  Dem.  and  Proh., 
23,820:  Merrill,  Soc,  2,786. 

31.  Snell,    Rep.,   30,701;    Elizabeth   Arthur,   Dem., 
10,459;   Cline,   Soc,   141;   Wallace,  Proh.,   1,567. 

32.  Mott,  Rep.,  37,068;  Hitchcock,  Dem.,   17,742; 
Rockburn,  Soc,  593;  Lockwood,  Proh.,  3,203. 

33.  Snyder,  Rep.,  31,120;  Williams,  Dem.,  23.340; 
Latimore,  Soc,  1,445:  Ohnstrand,  Proh.,  1,691. 

34.  Hill,  Rep.,  38,597;  Butts,  Dem.,  21,748,  Breckin- 
ridge, Soc,  499;  Rogers,  Proh.,  6,373. 

35.  Magee,  Rep.,  42,769;  Wiles,  Dem.,  23.378;  Heck, 
Soc,  2,794;  Dietrich,  Proh.,  3,204.  _ 

36.  Gould,  Rep.  and  Proh.,  40,991;  Caiman,  Dem., 
16.857. 

37.  Houghton.    Rep.    and    Proh..    38,310;    Palmer, 
Dem.,  21,800;  Hurlbut,  Soc,  831. 

38.  Dunn,    Rep.,    37,029;    Gerling,    Dem.,    16,.563; 
Dennis,  Soc,  4,098;  Cropsey,  Proh.,  1,910. 

39.  Sanders.  Rep.  and  Pr6h.,  35,481;  Clara  B.  Mann, 
Dem.,  14,816;  Weber,  Soc,  1,227. 

40.  Dempsey,  Rep.  and  Proh.,  35,710;  Young,  Dem., 
17,962;  Smith,  Soc,  3,045. 

41.  MacGregor,    Rep.,    16,492;    Smith,    Dem.    and 
Proh.,  16,458:  Brill,  Soc.  7.038. 

42.  Waldo,    Rep.,    15,390:    Mead,    Dem.,    16,453; 
Hattie  Kreuger,  Soc,  3,099;  Stoody,  Proh.,  652. 

43.  Reed,    Rep.   and    Proh.,    35,693;    Mott,    Dem., 
11,351;  Peterson,  Soc,  1,600. 


NEW  YORK  STATE  GOVERNMENT. 


(This  is  in  addition  to 

On  Jan.  9  Governor  Smith  sent  to  the  Senate  tor 
confirmation  the  names  of  five  men  and  one  woman 
selected  to  fill  positions:  Superintendent  of  State 
Prisons — Charles  F.  Rattlgan  of  Auburn.  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Worl:s — Lewis  Nixon  of  New 
York  City.  State  Superin/endenl  of  Elections — Henry 
Stanley  Renaud  of  New  York  City.  State  Tax  Com- 
missioner— Michael  J.  Walsh  of  Yonkere.  Memher 
of  the  State  Industrial  Commission — Frances  Perkins 
("Mrs.  Paul  Wilson)  of  New  York  City.  County 
Judge  for  Kings  County — Howard  P.  Nash  of 
Brooklyn. 

LEGISLATIVE  COMMITTEES. 
The  personnel  cf  the  principal  Senate  committees 
follows:  Ftvance — Sage  of  Albany,  Chairman:  C. 
J.  Hewitt,  G.  F.  Thompson,  G.  L.  Thompson, 
Lockwood,  Walton.  Towner.  Marshall,  Davenport. 
Knight,  and  Law.  Republicans:  Ramsperger,  Boylan. 
and  Carroll.  Democrats.  Judiciary — Burlingame  of 
Kings.  Chairman;  Walton,  Knight,  Gibbs,  Brown. 
Fowler.  Lusk.  Pitcher.  Whitley,  and  Baumes,  Re- 
publicans; Dowling,  Black,  Cotlllo,  and  Mackrell, 
Democrats.  Cities — Mullan  of  Monroe,  Chairman; 
Glbhs.  Graves,  Lockwood,  Burlingame.  Yelverton. 
Jaw,  Abeles,  and  Lowman,  Republicans;  Ramsperger. 
Wallcer.  and  Dunnigan.  Democrats.  Taxation  and 
Relrencfiment — Davenport    of    Oneida,     Chairman; 


the  list  on  page  835.) 

Marshall,  Hewitt,  Burlingame,  Lowman,  Whitley, 
and  Abeles,  Republicans;  Boylan,  Carroll,  and 
Walker,  Democrats.  Rides — Walters  of  Onondaga, 
Chairman;  Sage,  Hewitt,  and  Walton,  Republicans; 
Foley,  Democrat.  Senator  G.  F.  Thompson  of 
Niagara  will  head  the  Committee  on  Public  Service. 
The  leading  Assembly  committees  are  made  up 
thus:  Ways  and  Means — Machold  of  Jefferson, 
Chairman;  Seaker,  Tallett,  Kenyon,  Bewley,  Lord, 
McGinnies,  McWhinney,  Bloomfield,  Hooner, 
Thayer,  and  Brush,  Republicans;  McElllsott, 
Shannon,  and  Seesselberg,  Democrats.  Judiciary — 
Martin  of  Oneida,  Chairman:  McNab,  Pierce,  Rowe, 
Lown,  Jenks,  Everett,  Pellett,  and  Wilson,  Repub- 
licans; Goldberg.  Bloch.  O'Hare,  and  Fertig,  Demo- 
crats. Cities — Malone  of  Albany,  Chairman; 
Blakely,  M.  J.  Miller,  Fearon.  Davis.  Dobson,  Wells, 
Whltcomb,  and  Franchot,  Republicans:  Steinberg, 
Burr,  McCue,  and  E.  H.  Miller,  Democrats.  Pules 
— Speaker  Sweet,  Chairman;  Adler,  Machold, 
Malone,  and  Fearon.  Republicans:  Donohue  and 
Taylor,  Democrats.  The  two  women  members,  Mrs. 
Ida  B.  Sammis,  Republk;an,  of  Suffolk,  and  Mrs. 
Mary  M.  Lilly,  Democrat,  of  New  York,  were 
assigned  to  the  committees  on  Education  and  Social 
Welfare.  Mrs.  Sammis  also  will  serve  on  the  Public 
Health  Committee. 


so    The  Presidents  Christmas  with  the  American  Army  in  France, 

2rije  ^vtultimVu  (ItijviuUmn  tDitij  tije  Hmrricau  ^tms  in 

iFtauce* 

Leaving  Paris  at  midnight,  December  24,  1918,  on  a  military  train.  President  Wilson  and  his  party 
arrived  at  9  a.  m.,  December  25,  at  Chaumont,  the  headquarters  ol  Gen.  Pershing,  at  the  capital  of  the 
Department  of  the  Haute-Marne,  134  miles  east-southeast  of  Paris.  Gen.  Penshing,  Gen.  Wirbel,  tlie 
French  officer  commanding  the  zone;  M.  Fossien.  Prefect  of  the  Department  of  Marne,  and  M.  Levy-Al- 
Dhandery,  Mayor  of  Chaumont,  were  on  the  platform  to  receive  the  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson,  wlio,  after 
responding  to  the  cordial  greetings,  passed  through  a  salon,  hung  with  red  tapestries  and  flags,  to  the  court- 
yard, where  a  company  of  the  109th  French  Infantry  and  a  company  of  the  102d  American  Infantry  were 
drawn  up  to  render  honors.  Th^  e.KCerior  of  the  station  and  the  courtyard  had  been  decorated  for  the 
occasion  by  American  soldiers  with  the  French  and  American  colors.  After  passing  the  guard  of  honor 
in  review,  the  President  took  his  place  in  a  motor  car  and  the  party  proceeded  to  the  City  Hall.  Dense 
crowds  massed  behind  the  lines  of  guards  in  khaki,  the  streets  were  brilliantly  decorated  and  hung  with 
banners  bearing  inscriptions  of  welcome. 

As  the  party  passed  through,  the  people  of  Chaumont  joined  in  a  continuous  acclamation  of  the  Presi- 
dent. All  this  part  of  France  lay  under  a  gray  cloud  and  a  drizzling  cold  rain  when  the  President's  train 
pulled  into  the  station.  The  troops  declared  the  weather  was  exceptionally  fine  as  compared  with  the 
usual  brand  of  weather,  and  every  one  had  a  broad  smile  beaming  above  his  mud-bespattered  khaki  uni- 
form. Things  were  In  motion  early  for  the  review^  When  the  President  raised  the  curtain  of  a  window 
In  his  car  the  first  person  he  sa^  was  a  strapoing  American  doughboy  on  guard,  who  gravely  came  to  salute 
the  President  smilingly  gave  him  a  "Merry  Christmas"  and  made  him  the  happiest  soldier  in  France.  A 
French  troop  train  passing  gave  a  "Vive  Wilson!" 

As  ills  train  moved  In,  the  President  saw  on  every  hand  monuments  of  America's  participation  in  the 
war.  There  were  great  piles  of  supplies  everywhere,  and  American  soldiers  swarmed  on  locomotives,  box 
cars,  tree  tops  and  every  point  of  vantage  to  get  a  glimpse  of  the  President  and  shout  a  "Merry  Christmas." 
The  folks  back  home  would  have  called  it  the  dreariest  Christmas  Day  In  history,  but  it  was  the  greatest 
one  for  these  American  troops,  and  evidently  a  very  happy  one  for  the  President.  He  was  ready  for  the 
"big  day"  and  looking  forward  to  every  feature.  He  remarked  that  the  rolling  hills  and  wooded  ridges 
looked  not  unlike  the  Virginia  hills  where  he  was  accustomed  to  ride  and  play  golf  when  at  home.  After 
alighting  from  his  train  at  9  o'clock  the  President  went  to  the  Hotel  de  Ville,  held  a  reception  and  delivered 
a  complimentary  speech.  Immediately  afterward,  with  Gen.  Pershing  and  party  he  motored  to  Humes, 
where  he  reviewed  a  detachment  of  the  1st  Army  of  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces. 

Addressing  the  troops.  Gen.  Pershing  said: 

PERSHING  PRAISES  GALLANTRY  OF  HIS  MEN. 

"Mr.  President  and  Fellow  Soldiers:  We  are  gathered  here  to-day  to  do  honor  to  the  commander  of 
our  armies  and  navies.  For  the  (irst  time  an  American  President  will  review  an  American  Army  on  foreign 
soil — the  soil  of  a  sister  republic  beside  whose  gallant  troops  we  have  fought  to  restore  peace  to  the  world. 
Speaking  for  you  and  your  comrades,  I  am  proud  to  declare  to  the  President  that  no  army  has  ever  more 
loyally  or  more  effectively  served  its  country,  and  none  has  ever  fought  in  a  nobler  cause.  You,  Mr. 
President,  by  your  confidence  and  your  support  have  made  the  success  of  our  army,  and  to  you,  as  our 
Commander  in  Chief,  may  I  now  present  the  Nation's  victorious  army?" 

In  replying,  President  Wilson  said: 

THE  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS  TO  THE  TROOPS. 

"General  Pershing  and  Fellow  Comrades:  I  wish  that  I  could  give  to  each  one  of  you  the  message 
that  I  know  you  are  longing  to  receive  from  those  at  home  who  love  you.  I  cannot  do  that,  but  I  can  tell 
you  how  every  one  has  put  his  heart  Into  It.  So  you  have  done  your  duty,  and  something  more.  You 
have  done  your  duty,  and  you  have  done  it  with  a  spirit  which  gave  it  distinction  and  glory.  And  now 
we  are  to  hall  the  fruits  of  everything.  You  conquered,  when  you  came  over,  what  you  came  over  for, 
and  you  have  done  what  It  was  appointed  for  you  to  do.  I  know  what  you  expected  of  me.  Some  time 
ago  a  gentleman  from  one  of  the  countries  with  which  we  are  associated  was  discussing  with  me  the  moral 
aspects  of  this  war,  and  I  said  that  If  we  did  not  insist'upon  the  high  purpose  which  we  have  accomplished 
the  end  would  not  be  justified. 

"Everybody  at  home  is  oroud  of  you,  and  has  followed  every  movement  of  this  great  army  with  con- 
fidence and  affection.  The  whole  people  of  the  United  States  are  now  waiting  to  welcome  you  home  with 
an  acclaim  which  probably  has  never  greeted  any  other  army,  because  our  country  Is  like  this  country. 
We  have  been  so  proud  of  the  stand  taken,  of  the' purpose  for  which  this  war  was  entered  by  the  United 
States.  You  knew  what  we  expected  of  you,  and  you  did  It.  I  know  what  you  and  the  people  at  home 
expected  of  me,  and  I  am  happy  to  say,  my  fellow  countrymen,  that  I  do  not  find  In  the  hearts  of  the  great 
leaders  with  whom  It  is  my  privilege  now  to  co-operate  any  difference  of  principle  or  of  fundamental  pur- 
pose. , 

"It  happened  that  it  was  the  privilege  of  America  to  present  the  chart  for  peace,  and  now  the  pro- 
cess of  settlement  has  been  rendered  comparatively  simple  by  the  fact  that  all  the  nations  concerned  have 
accepted  that  chart,  and  the  application  of  these  principles  laid_  down   there  will  be  their  application. 

"The  world  will  now  know  that  the  nations  that  fought  this' war,  as  well  as  the  soldiers  who  repre- 
sented them,  are  ready  to  make  good,  make  good  not  only  in  the  assertion  of  their  own  Interests  but  make 
good  In  the  establishment  of  peace  upon  the  permanent  foundation  of  right  and  ot  justice. 

MUST  BE  A  PEOPLE'S  PEACE. 

"Because  this  is  not  a  war  In  which  the  soldiers  of  the  free  nations  have  obeyed  masters.  You  have 
commanders. but  you  have  no  masters.  Your  very  commanders  represent  you  in  representing  the  Nation, 
of  which, you  constitute  so  distinguished  a  part. 

"And  everybody  concerned  in  the  settlement  knows  that  it  must  be  a  people's  peace  and  that  nothing 
must  be  done  In  the  .settlement  of  the  issues  of  the  war  which  is  not  as  handsome  as  the  great  achievements 
of  the  armies  of  the  United  States  and  the  Allies. 

'•It  Is  difficult,  very  difficult,  men.  In  any  normal  speech  like  this,  to  show  you  my  real  heart.  You 
men  probably  do  not  realize  with  what  anxious  attention  and  care  we  have  followed  every  step  you  have 
advanced  and  how  proud  we  are  that  every  steo  was  in  advance  and  not  In  retreat;  that  every  time  you 
set  your  face  in  any  direction  you  kept  your  face  In  that  direction. 

"A  thrill  has  gone  through  my  heart  as  it  has  gone  through  the  heart  of  every  American,  with  almost 
every  gun  that  was  fired  and  every  stroke  that  was  struck  In  the  gallant  fighting  that  you  have  done,  and 
there  has  been  only  one  regret  in  America,  and  that  was  the  regret  that  every  man  there  felt  that  he  was 
not  there  in  France,  too. 

"It  has  been  a  hard  thing  to  perform  the  tasks  In  the  United  States.    It  has  been  a  hard  thing  to  take 


American  Medical  Association.  81 

THE  PRESIDENT'S  CHRISTMAS  WITH  THE  AMERICAN  ARMY  IN  FRA.NCE.~ConUnucd. 

pan  In  ciiiecting  what  you  did  without  coming  over  and  helping  you  to  do  It.  It  has  taken  a  lot  of  moral 
courage  to  stay  at  home.  But  we  are  proud  to  back  you  up  everywhere  that  it  was  possible  to  back  you  up, 
and  now  I  am  happy  to  find  what  splendid  names  you  have  made  for  yourselves  among  the  civilian  popu- 
lation of  France  as  well  as  among  your  comrades  in  the  armies  of  the  French,  and  it  Is  a  fine  testimony  to 
you  men  that  these  people  like  you  and  love  you  and  trust  you,  and  the  finest  part  of  it  all  is  that  you  de- 
serve their  trust. 

"I  feel  a  comradeship  with  you  to-day  which  is  delightful,  as  I  look  down  upon  these  luidisturbed  fields 
and  think  of  the  terrible  scenes  through  which  you  Have  gone  and  realize  how  the  quiet  of  peace,  the  tran- 
quility of  settled  hopes,  has  descended  upon  us,  and  while  it  is  hard  far  away  from  home  confidently  to 
bid  you  a  Merry  Christmas,  I  can,  I  think,  confidently  promise  you  a  Happy  New  Year,  and  I  can  from  the^ 
bottom  of  my  heart  say  God  bless  you." 

After  the  review  President  Wilson  and  party  went  to  Montigne-le-Roi,  where  he  and  Mrs.  Wilson 
took  their  Ciirlstmas  dinner.  In  the  afternoon  the  President  visited  the  troops  in  their  billets.  He  re- 
turned to  Chaumont  in  time  to  leave  at  6  o'clock  for  London,  where  he  arrived  on  December  26,  1918. 

THE    PRESIDENT'S    CHRISTMAS    GREETING    FROM    PARIS. 

Phesident  Wilson,  in  Paris  sent  to  the  American  people,  December  24,  1918,  the  foUbwing  Christ- 
mas message:  "I  hope  that  it  will  cheer  the  people  at  home  to  know  that  I  find  their  boys  over  here  in  fine 
form  and  in  fine  spirits,  esteemed  by  all  those  with  whom  they  have  been  associated  in  the  war  and  trusted 
wherever  they  go,  and  they  will  also,  I  am  sure,  be  cheered  by  the  knowledge  of  the  fact  that  throughout 
the  great  nations  with  which  we  have  been  associated  in  this  war  public  opinion  strongly  sustains  all  pro- 
posals for  a  just  and  lasting  peace  and  a  close  co-operation  of  tlie  self-governing  peoples  of  the  world  In 
making  that  peace  secure  after  its  piresent  settlements  are  formulated.  Nothing  could  constitute  a  more 
acceptable  Christmas  reassurance  than  the  sentiments  which  I  find  everywhere  prevalent." 


THIRTY-SIX    STATES    MAKE    WHOLE    COUNTRY    "DRY." 

Up  to  January  16,  1919,  the  Legislatures  of  thirty-six  States — the  required  three-fourths — had  ratified 
tbe  Prohibition  Constitutional  Amendment,  Nebraska  being  the  thirty-six,  on  the  date  named. 

Ratification  was  completed  January  15  by  the  Legislatures  of  five  States — Iowa,  Colorado,  Oregon, 
New  Hampshire,  and  Utaii — making  a  total  of  twelve  in  two  days.  Of^the  thirty-six  States  that  have 
taken  action,  fourteen  have  certified  their  action  to  the  Federal  State  Department.  They  are  Virginia, 
Kentucky,  North  Dakota,  South  Carolina,  Maryland,  South  Dakota,  Texas,  Montana,  Delaware,  Massa- 
chusetts, Arizona,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  and  Michigan. 

The  amendment,  under  its  provisions,  becomes  effective  one  year  from  the  date  of  its  final  ratification. 
Additional  legislation  by  Congresg  Is  necessary  to  make  it  operative,  and  ground  work  foi-  tliis  already  has 
been  laid.  This  legislation  will  prescribe  penalties  lor  violations  of  the  amendment  and  determine  how 
and  by  wh8,t  agencies  the  law  shall  be  enforced. 

Court  action  to  prevent  the  amendment  becoming  operative  already  has  been  .'rtarted  in  California, 
where  an  order  temporarily  restraining  Gov.  Stephens  from  signing  ratification  of  the  amendment  has 
been  obtained.  It  has  been  intimated  that  similar  action  may  be  taken  in  other  States  in  which,  it  issaid. 
State  laws  require  that  Federal  Constitutional  Amendments  must  be  submitted  to  a  referendum. 

The  Prohibition  Amendment  resolution  passed  l)y  Congress  provides  that  ratification  .shall  be  by  "tho 
Legislatures  of  the  several  States  as  pro\aded  by  the  Constitution."     The  resolution  reads: 

"Rescl.od  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  tho  United  States  of  America  In  Congress 
assembled  Uwo-thirds  of  each  House  concurring  therein).  That  the  following  amendment  to  the  Constitution 
be,  and  hereby  is,  proposed  to  the  States,  to  become  valid  as  a  part  of  the  Constitution  when  ratified  by 
the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  as  provided  by  the  Constitution. 

"Article — Section  1.  After  one  year  from  the  ratification  of  this  article  the  manufacture,  sale,  or 
transportation  of  intoxicating  liquors  within,  the  importation  thereof  into  or  the  exportation  thereof  from, 
the  United  States  and  all  territory  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof  for  beverage  purposes  is  hereby 
prohibited. 

'  Section  2.  The  Congress  and  the  several  States  shall  have  concurrent  power  to  enforce  tills  article 
by  appropriate  legislation. 

"Section  3.  This  article  shall  be  inoperative  unless  it  shall  have  been  ratified  as  an  amendment  to 
the  Constitution  by  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States,  as  provided  in  the  Constitution,  witliin  seven 
years  from  the  date  of  the  submission  hereof  to  the  States  by  Congress." 

The  resolution  was  passed  by  the  Senate,  65  to  20,  on  August  1,  1917,  and  by  the  House,  282  to  12.S. 
on  December  17,  1917.  Mississippi  was  the  first  State  to  ratify  the  amendment,  its  Legislature  acting 
on  January  8,  1918. 

The  States  which  have  voted  on  the  amendment  and  the  dates  on  which  action  was  taken  follow: 
,  J— Alabama,  thirtieth,  Jan.  14,  1919.  2 — Arizona,  twelfth.  May  24,  1918.  3 — Arkansas,  twenty-fifth. 
ji>;;.  14,  1919.  4r— California,  twenty-third,  Jan.  13,  1919.  5 — Colorado,  thirty-fir,st,  .Tan.  15,  1919.  Ci-- 
Delav.-are,  ninth.  March  18,  1918.  7 — Florida,  fifteenth.  8 — Georgia,  thirteenth,  June  26,  1913.  9 — 
Idaho,  nineteenth,  Jan.  8,  1919.  10 — Illinois,  twenty-sixth,  Jan.  14,  1919.  11 — Indiana,  twenty-seventli, 
,Jan  14,  1919.  12 — Iowa,  tliirty-second,  Jan.  15,  1919.  13 — Kansas,  twenty-eighth,  J.an.  14,  1919.  14 — 
Kentucky,  third,  Jan.  14,  1918.  15 — Louisiana,  fourteenth,  Aug.  8,  1918.  15 — Maine,  twenty-first, 
Jan.  8,  1919.  17 — Maryland,  sixth,  Feb.  13,  1918.  18 — Massachusetts,  eleventh,  April  2,  1918.  10— 
Michigan,  sixteenth,  Jan.  2,  1919.     20 — Mis.sissippi,  fitst,  Jan.  8,  1918.     21 — Montana,  seventh,  Feb.  li), 

1918.  22 — New  Hampshire,  thirty-fourth,  Jan.  15,  1919.     23 — Nortli  Carolina,  twenty-ninth,  Jan.   14, 

1919.  24 — North  Dakota,  fifth,  Jan.  25,  1918.  25— Ohio,  seventeenth,  Jan.  7,  1919.  26 — Oklahoma, 
eighteenth,  Jan.  7,  1919.  27 — Oregon,  thirty-third,  Jan.  15,  1919.  28 — South  Carolina,  fourth,  Jan.  23, 
1918  29 — South  Dakota,  tenth,  March  20,  1918.  30 — Tennessee,  twentieth,  Jan.  8,  1919.  31 — Texas, 
eighth,  March  4,  1918.  32— Utah,  tliirty-flfth,  Jan.  15,  1919.  33— Virginia,  second,  Jan.  11,  1918.  34— 
Wasliington,  twenty-fourth,  Jan.  13,  1919.  35 — West  Virginia,  twenty-second,  Jan.  9,  1919.  36 — Nebraska, 
tlilrty-sixth.  Jan.  16,  1919.  Missouri  was  thiity-seventh  at  11.25  a.  m.,  Jan.  16,  1919.  Wyoming  was 
thirty-eighth  at  11.45  a.  m.,  Jan.  16,  1919,  twenty  minutes  after  Missouri.  The  ten  States  yet  to  act  (Jan. 
10)  are  Minnesota,  Nevada.  New  Jersey,  New  Mexico,  New  York,  Couilectlcut,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode 
Island,  Vermont,  and  Wisconsin.  _ 

The  United  States  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  have  adopted  the  amendment  to  the  agri- 
cultural bill  to  establish  Wartime  Prohibition,  and  until  the  armies  are  demobilized,  for  the  whole  country 
and  its  territories.  Effective  July  1,  1919.  The  President  has  prohibited  the  manufacture  of  beer  after 
December  1,  1918.    Dry  zones  have  been  established  around  coal  mines  and  munition  plants. 

AMERICAN    MEDICAL    ASSOCIATION. 

President — Alexander  Lambert,  New  York  City.  First  Vice-President — William  N.  Wishard,  India- 
napolis. Second  Vice-President — E.  Starr  Judd,  Rochester,  Minn.  Third  Vice-President — C.  W.  Richard- 
son. Washington,  D.  C.  Fourth  V -e-President — John  M.  Baldy,  Philadelphia.  Secrelary — Alexander  R. 
Craig,  535  North  Dearborn  Street,  Chicago.    Treasurer — William  Allen  Pusey,  Chicago. 


S2 


American  Section  of  the  Theosophical  Society. 


VOTE    FOR    GOVERNOR-NEW    YORK    STATE-1918    (INCLUDING    SOLDIER). 

(Xhe  vote  on  pages  183  and  185  Is  civilian  only) . 


COUNTIES. 

Smith, 
Dem. 

Whit- 
man, 
Rep. 

Ervin, 
Soc. 

Whit- 
man,           Counties. 
Proh. 

Smith, 
Dem. 

Whil^ 
man. 
Rep. 

Ervin, 
Soc. 

Whit- 
man. 
Proh. 

Alb&Dy  •••••.... 

25,793 
2,751 

78,459 

10,130 
5,159 
6,314 
5,894 
6,438 
3,528 
2,800 
6,165 
2,602 
5,585 

10,223 

47,898 
2,077 
2,740 
3,462 
2,675 
3,911 
554 
6,210 
7,241 
202,227 
2,472 
2,988 
4,172 

28,226 
6,273 

10,333 

206,081 

8,704 

36,688 
7,514 

31,160 

18,469 
9,991 
9,842 

16,687 

11,186 
7,245 
4,868 
7,027 
6,351 
8,071 

12,735 

51.684 
4,692 
5,300 
6,746 
6,178 
41735 
■       493 
8,461 

14,296 
120,851 

-1,815 
5,940 
7,029 

42,831 
8,008 

14,314 
101,075 

12,361 

723 

154 

20,184 

263 

278 

192 

885 

206 

63 

13 

93 

108 

156 

405 

11,369 

23 

32 

348 

105 

75 

2 

299 

216 

29,454 

24 

141 

121 

4,905 

204 

368 

28,982 

708 

478 
594 
185 
159 
565 

1,322 
866 
625 
255 
193 
188 
405 
197 
502 

3,800 

69 

380 

899 

365 

84 

3 

764 

523 

951 

2,157 
605 
618 

4,343 
769 
225 

853 

Oneida 

18,972 

26,667 

5,153 

10,906 

•2,448 

7,267 

5,374 

1,797 

59,655 

20,016 

12,862 

6,607 

5,739 

7,636 

8,549 

,  3,426 

'  1,389 

2,994 

7.695 

11.476 

4,621 

2,518 

3,084 

8,243 

3,270 

3,995 

3,c;'37 

30,690 

2,318 

1,347 

21,234 

33,536 

10,686 

14,849 

4,579 

11,817 

8,770 

2,233 

29,551 

19,542 

6,506 

6,962 

16,704 

11,916 

12,277 

4,055 

3,099 

4,928 

13,828 

15,974 

4,365 

5,102 

6,094 

11,631 

5,116 

9,068 

8,657 

37,899 

5,965 

4,448 

1,087 

2,877 

123 

494 

74 

118 

57 

26 

7,145 

1,130 

619 

289 

60 

136 

2,004 

42 

12 

37 

297 

410 

314 

61 

104 

187 

85 

59 

68 

2,552 

121 

29 

1,734 

Allegany 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

2,158 

243 

■Rrnrrmp               ... 

Orange 

662 

Cattaraugus 

C?aviiffa,           ..... 

Orleans 

Oswego 

1,165 

Chautauqua 

Chemung 

Chenango 

Clinton 

259 

Putnam 

36 

Oueens 

172 

Rensselaer 

Richmond 

Rockland 

St.  Lawrence 

Saratoga. 

1,321 

Columbia 

157 
64 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

351 
373 

Schenectady 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

949 

Essex . . . ,  • 

169 

Franklin  .  - 

65 

Fulton     ,    ••.... 

Seneca 

345 

Opnftspft   .    .--..- 

Steuben 

865 

Suffolk 

383 

Sullivan 

70 

"FTprklmpr 

Tioga .'.... 

132 

Jefferson 

Tompkins 

Ulster 

610 

Kings         

434 

Lewis             

WaiTen 

73 

Livingston 

Madison         .    . . 

Washington 

Wayne 

108 

427 

Monroe 

Westchester 

Wyoming 

Yates 

1,286 

Montgomery 

Nassau 

245 
96 

New  York 

Niagara 

Total 

1,009,936 

956,034 

121,705 

38,794 

Olive  M.  Johnson,  Soc.-Labor,  5,183;  Whitman,  "no  party,"  266:  blank  ballots,  43,630;  void,  16,892; 
scattering,  530;  whole  number  of  votes,  2,192.970.     Smith's  plurality,  14,842. 

Lieutenant  Governor — Walker,  Dem.,  965,471;  Schoeneck,  Rep.,  930,066;  Bloor,  Soc,  130,206;  Colvln, 
Proh.,  48,142;  Gillhaus,  Soc.-Labor,  5,605. 

Secretary  of  State — Bard,  Dem.,  886,306;  Hugo,  Rep.,  1,005,426;  Hughan,  Soc,  134,521;  McCarthy, 
Proh.,  40,072;  Moonelie,  Soc.-Labor,  5,405. 

State  Comptroller — Coler,  Dem.,  909,256;  Travis,  Rep.  and  Proh.,  1,007,483;  Shehan,  Soc,  136,680; 
Herns,  Soc.-Labor,  5,996. 

State  Treasurer— Cohen,  Dem.,  839,777;  Wells,  Rep.,  1,028,752;  Noonan,  Soc,  137,823;  Humphrey, 
Proh.,  44,606;  Kavinsky,  Soc.-Labor,  5,268. 

Attorney-General— Morschauser,  Dem.,  878,300;  Newton,  Rep.,  990,863;  Wilcox,  Soc,  136,992; 
Spriggs,  Proh.,  43,229;  Donohue,  Soc.-Labor,  6,929. 

State  Engineer  and  Surveyor — La  Du,  Dem.,  865,573;  Williams,  Rep.,  991,521;  Wilcox,  Soc,  138,566; 
Passage,  Proh.,  40,628;  Galotta,  Soc.-Labor,  5,667. 

VOTE    FOR    GOVERNOR-NEW    YORK    CITY-1918    (INCLUDING    SOLDIER). 


MANHATTAN.          || 

Ass. 

Smith 

Whit. 

Erviu 

DiST. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

1 

11,505 

1,845 

1,236 

2 

6,304 

1,741 

1,413 

3 

14,061 

3,331 

414 

i 

4,892 

1,092 

2,389 

5 

14,230 

3,176 

38.i 

6 

4,230 

2,427 

2,924 

7 

8,875 

7,132 

355 

8 

4,756 

1,831 

2,989 

9 

9,316 

7,493 

453 

10 

8,140 

7,265 

532 

11 

9,671 

6,661 

513 

12 

14,551 

3,155 

978 

13 

8,942 

5,782 

543 

14 

11,392 

2,810 

1,673 

15 

8,758 

7,338 

1,062 

IG 

12,996 

2,890 

2,586 

17 

6,481 

3,067 

3,212 

18 

7,598 

2,482 

2,126 

19 

7,295 

6,580 

848 

MANHATTAN— C'07Jt. 


ASS.  Smith  Whit, 
DiST.  Dem.    Rep. 


20 
21 
22 
23 

Total 


6,165 
5,929 
10,145 
11,006 


205,981 


2,144 
6,660 
5,773 
8,424 


101,075 


Ervin 
Soc 


720 
387 
497 
767 


28,982 


BRONX. 


Total 


12,019 
14,004 
6,987 
6,732 
7,745 
8.811 
9,184 
13,073 


78,555 


3,107 
5,584 
2,709 
2,653 
3,539 
3,852 
3,257 
7,094 


31.345 


2,532 
2,517 
3,209 
3,933 
3,758 

825 
2,639 

733 


20,222 


BROOKLYN. 


ASS.  Smith  Whit.  Ervin 
DiST.  Dem.    Rep.     Soc. 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
U 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 


8,026 
7,044 
7,010 
9,220 
10,384 
7,135 
9,072 
8,744 
9,692 
10,268 
11,500 
11,976 
5,833 
4,897 
9,251 
8,867 
8,429 
9,293 
5,318 
14,582 


4,293 
5,066 
1,539 
3,858 
8,385 
4,377 
3,120 
5,092 
5,854 
7,226 
9,381 
7,447 
1.959 
1,393 
2,910 
4,7.52 
8,662 
7,183 
2,179 
8,377 


250 
2,1 

250 

1,130 

666 

2,830 

392 

198 

749 

327 

338 

625 

1,381 

2,143 

517 

955 

672 

2,1,'')8 

1,970 

2,016 


BROOKLYN — Conl. 


Ass.  Smith  Whit.  Ervin 
DiST.  Dem.    Rep.     Soc 


21 

22 
23 


10,072 

10,779 

4,645 


Total  202,225  124,861 


11,470 
7,891 
2,437 


778 
3,107 
3,410 


29,459 


QUEENS. 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 

Total 


10,959 
9,770 
9,832 
8,116 
9,821 
5,617 


3,047: 
3,140 
4,195 
7,288 
6,574 
5,485 


59,655    29,729 


1,035 

1,773 

920 

926 

611 

2,195 


7,145 


RICHMOND. 


1     I    7,648 
"2         5,214 

Total    12,862 
G.To.|559,278 


344 

27.') 


619 
86,427 


1916 

No  1918 

Col. 


THE    ALFRED    B. 

:     Literature — -Verner  Heldenstam,  Sweden 

prize  was  awarded. 

Theodore  Roosevelt,  with  the  consent  of  Congress  in  1918, 


NOBEL    PRIZES. 

1917:    Peace — International  Red  Cross  of  Geneva. 


distributed  his  prize  among  charities. 


AMERICAN     SECTION     OF     THE     THEOSOPHICAL     SOCIETY. 


Headquarters,  Krotona.  Hollywood,  T^os  Angeles,  Cal.  National  President — A.  P.  Warrington.  Na- 
cional  Secretary — Craig  P.  Garmaii.  National  Treasurer — 'Col.  George  H.  Dunbar.  Fublicity  Director— 
Hay  M.  Wardall,  Seattle,  Wasli.     Eililor—Mrs.  May  S.  Rogers. 


Church  Memoranda  for  1919. 


83 


THE  WORLD  ALMANAC  FOR  1919. 

The  Astronomical  calculations  are  given  In  local  Mean  Time,  except  as  otherwise  indicated,  and  were 
made  expressly  for  this  work  by  Arthur  Newton. 


Chronological  Eras. 

The  year  1919  corresponds  to  the  year  7127-28  of  the  Byzantine  erar  5679-80  of  the  Jewish  era,  the 
year  5680  commencing  at  sunset,  September  24;  2672  since  the  foundation  of  Rome,  according  to  Varro; 
2695  of  the  Olympiads,  or  the  third  year  of  the  674th  Olympiad,  commencing  July  1;  2579  of  the  Japanese 
ei-a  and  to  the  eighth  year  of  the  period  entitled  Taisho;  1337-38  of  the  Mohammedan  era,  the  year  1338 
beginning  at  sunset,  September  25,  1919.  The  144th  year  of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States  of 
America  begins  on  July  4,  1919, 

Chronological  Cycles. 

Dominical  Letter El  Lunar  Cycle  (Golden  Number). .    11  Roman  Indtction. 2 

Epact 29|Solar  Cycle 241  Julian  Period ,.... 6632 


Date  of  Beg 

Name. 

Grecian  Mundane  Era b 

Civil  Era  of  Constantinople 

Alexandrian  Era 

Julian  Period 

Mundane  Era 

Jewish  Mundane  Era 

Era  of  Abraham 

Era  of  the  Olympiads : 

Roman  Era  (A.  U.  C.) 

Metonic  Cycle 


inning  of  Epochs,  Eras,  and  Periods 

Began. 
c.  5598,  Sept. 
'     5508,  Sept. 
'     5502,  Aug. 
4713,  Jan. 
'     4008,  Oct. 
3761,  Oct. 
2015,  Oct. 
776,  July 
753,  April 
432,  July 


1 

1 

29 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

24 

15 


Name. 
Grecian  or  Syro-Macedonian  Era. 

Era  of  Maccabees.! 

Tyrian  Era i, 

Sidonian  Era ". 

Julian  Year 

Spanish  Era 

Augustan  Era i . . 

Vulgar  Christian  Era 

D&itructlon  of  Jerusalem 

Mohammedan  Era 


Be(ian. 

B.  c.  312,  Sept.    1 

"     166.  Nov.  24 

"     125,  Oct.    19 

••     110,  Oct.      1 

45,  Jan.      1 

38,  Jan.      1 

27,  Feb.    14 

1,  Jan.     1 

69,  Sept. 

622,  JiUy 


A.  D. 


1 
16 


The  Seasons. 


D. 

Vernal  Equinox,        Spring     begins  March         21 
Summer  Solstice,       Summer  begins  June  22 

Autumnal  Equinox,  Autumn  begins  September  23 
Winter  Solstice,         Winter    begins  December  22 


H. 

M. 

11 

19  A. 

M. 

6 

54  A. 

M. 

9 

36  P. 

M. 

4 

27  P. 

M. 

Eastern  Standard  Time, 


Morning  Stars. 


Mercury — January  1  to  February  23;  April  8  to 
June  II;  August  15  to  September  27;  December  2  to 
end  of  year. 

Venus — September  12  to  end  of  year. 

Mars — May  9  to  end  of  year. 

JupiTER^Jaouary  1  and  2;  July  20  to  end  of  year. 

Saturn— January  1  to  February  14;  August  25 
to  end  of  year. 


Evening  Stars. 


Mercitrt — February  23  to  April  8:  June  11  to 
August  15:  September  27  to  December  2. 
Venus — January  1  to  September  12. 
Mars — January  1  to  May  9. 
Jupiter — January  2  to  July  20. 
Saturn— February  14  to  August  25. 


Church  Memoranda  for  1919. 


January. 
1  Wednesday. 

15  ii.  Sun  aft.  Christmas. 
;6  Epiphany. 

12  1.    Sun.  alt.  Epiphany. 

19  ii.      ■■ 

26  iii. ' 

February. 
■1  Saturday. 

.12  iv.  Sua.  aft.  Epiphany, 
'        (Puriflcation.) 
^9  v.  Sun.  aft.  Epiphany 
i6  Septuagesima  Sunday. 
23  Sexagesima  Sunday. 

^         _  March. 

1  Saturday. 

2  Quinquagesima  Sun. 
'5  Ash  Wednesday. 

■    -9  i.    Sunday  in  Lent. 

16  ii.        

23  iii.        "        •■      " 
25  Annunciation. 

27  Thurs.  (Mi-Careme.) 
30  iv.  Sunday  in  Leut. 


April. 

1  Tuesday. 

6  v.  Sunday  In  Lent. 
13  Palm  Sunday. 
18  Good  Friday. 
20  Easter  Sunday. 
23  St.  George. 
27  1.  Sunday  aft.  Easter. 

May. 

1  Thursday. 

4  ii.   Sunday  aft.  Easter. 

11  iii.        

18  iv.        ' 

25  Rogation  Sunday. 

29  Ascension  Day. 

Jvne. 

1  i.  Sun.  aft.  Ascension. 
8  Pentecost  (Whit  Sun.) 
15  Trinity  Sunday. 

19  Corpus  Chrlsti. 

22  1.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity. 
124  St.  John  the  Baptist. 
i29  ii.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity. 


July. 

1  Tuesday. 

6  iii.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity. 

13  iv.      

20  V.       

27  vi. 

August. 

1  Friday. 

3  vii.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity 

6  Transfiguration. 

10  viii.  Sun.  aft.  Trinity. 

15  Assumption. 

17  Ix.  Sunday  aft.  Trinity. 

24  X.         

31  xl. 

Sevterriber, 

1  Monday. 

7  xli.    Sun.  aft.  Trinity. 

14  xiii.      "        "  " 

21  xiv.      ' 

28  XV.       

29  Michaelmas. 


October. 

I 

Wednesday. 

5 

xvi. 

Sun.  aft. 

Trinity. 

12 

xvil. 

*'        " 

" 

18 

St.  Luke  (Evangelist.) 

19 

xvill 

.  Sun.  aft. 

Trinity. 

26 

xix. 

November 

1 

Saturday— All  Saints. 

2 

XX. 

Sun.  aft. 

Trinity. 

9 

xxl. 

'*       •* 

•' 

Ifi 

xxti. 

"       •* 

•* 

23 

xxiil 

'•       •' 

*' 

30 

i.   Sunday  in 

Advent. 

(St.  Andrew.) 

Decernber. 

1  Monday. 

7  II.    Sunday  In  Advent. 

14  ill.        

21  Iv.        

25  Christmas. 

27  St.  John   (Evangelist.) 

28  I.  Sun.  aft.  Christmas. 


34 


Standard   Time. 


CHURCH    FASTS. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Days  of  fasting  are  the  forty  days  of  Lent,  the  Ember  Days,  the  Fridays  of 
the  four  weeks  In  Advent,  and  certain  vigils  or  evenings  prior  to  the  greater  feasts,  while  all  Fridays  of 
the  year  are  days  of  abstinence  from  flesh  meat.  In  the  American  Episcopal  Church  the  days  or  fasting 
or  abstinence  to  be  observed,  according  to  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer,  are  the  forty  days  of  Lent,  the 
Ember  Days,  the  three  Rogation  Days,  and  all  the  Fridays  of  the  year  except  Christmas  Day.  In  the 
Greek  Church  the  four  principal  fasts  are  those  in  Lent,  the  week  succeeding  Whitsuntide,  the  fortnight 
before  the  Assumption,  and  forty  days  before  Christmas. 


EMBER    AND    ROGATION    DAYS. 

Ember  and  Rotation  Days  are  certain  periods  of  the  year  devoted  to  prayer  and  fasting.  Ember 
Days  (twelve  annually)  about  the  beginning  of  the  four  seasons,  are  the  Wednesday,  Friday,  and  Sat- 
urday after  the  iirst  Sunday  in  Lent,  in  Spring;  after  the  feast  of  Pentecost  (Whit  Sunday),  Summer;  after 
the  festival  of  th3  Holy  Cross  Autumn,  and  after  the  festival  of  St.  Lucia,  Winter.  Ember  Weeks  are 
the  weeks  in  which  the  Emoe.-  Df"  appear. 

Rogation  Days  occur  oa  tag  fsi.-,,  of  St.  Mark,  April  25,  and  on  the  three  days  Immediately  preceding 
Ascension  Day. 


DIVISIONS 

The  interval  between  two  consecutive  meridian 
transits  of  a  fixed  star  having  no  proper  motion,  or 
the  interval  during  which  the  earth  makes  one  abso- 
lute revolution  on  its  axis.  Is  invariable.  Very 
slightly  differing  from  this  is  a  Sidereal  Day,  which 
R  the  interval  between  two  consecutive  transits  of 
the  Vernal  Equinox  over  any  meridian.  Vernal 
Equinox  is  employed  in  two  senses:  it  may  mean 
either  the  date  when  Spring  commences,  or  else,  as 
here,  the  point  in  the  heavens  occupied  by  the  sun's 
centre  when  Spring  commences.  The  interval  be- 
tween two  consecutive  transits  of  the  Sun  over  any 
meridian  is  called  an  Apparent  Solar  Day,  and  its 
length  varies  from  day  to  day  by  reason  of  the  vari- 
able motion  of  the  earth  in  its  orbit  and  the  inclina- 
tion of  this  orbit  to  the  equator  on  which  time  is 
measured. 

A  Mean  Solar  Day  is  the  average  or  mean  of  all 
the  apparent  solar  days  In  a  year;  it  is  equal  to  1  day 
3  minutes  and  56.555  seconds,  when  measured  in 
units  of  the  Sidereal  Day.  Mean  Solar  Time  is  that 
Shown  by  a  well-regulated  clock  or  watch,  while 
Apparent  Solar  Time  is  that  shown  by  a  well-con- 
structed sun-dial;  the  difference  between  the  two  at 
any  time  is  the  Equation  of  Time,  and  may  amount 
to  16  minutes  and  22  seconds.  The  Astronomical 
Day  begins  at  noon  and  the  Civil  Day  at  the  pre- 
ceding midnight. 

The  interval  during  which  the  earth  makes  one 
absolute  revolution  round  the  Sun  is  called  a  Sidereal 
Year,  and  consists  of  365  days  6  hours  9  minutes  and 
9.6  seconds,  wlilch  is  invariable. 

The  Tropical  Year  Is  the  interval  between  two 
consecutive  returns  of  the  Sun  to  the  Vernal  Equinox. 
If  this  were  a  fixed  point,  the  Sidereal  and  Tropical 
Years  would  be  identical;  but  in  consequence  of  the 
disturbing  influence  of  the  Moon  and  planets  due  to 
the  spheroidal  figure  of  the  earth,  the  Equinox  has  a 
slow,  retrograde  mean  motion  of  50".26  annually, 
BO  that  the  Sun  returns  to  the  Equinox  sooner  every 
year  than  he  otherwise  would  by  20  minutes  23.6 
seconds;  the  Tropical   Year,  therefore,  consists  of 


OF    TIME. 

365  days  5  hours  4S  minutes  and  46  seconds.  The 
Tropical  Year  is  not  of  uniform  length:  it  is 
now  slowly  decreasing  at  the  rate  of  .530  second  per 
century,  but  this  variation  will  not  always  continue. 

Julius  Caesar,  in  b.  c.  45,  was  the  first  to  reform 
the  calendar  by  ordering  that  every  year  whose  date 
number  is  exactly  divisible  by  4  contain  366  days, 
and  all  the  other  years  365  days.  >Tlie  Intercalary 
day  was  introduced  by  counting  the  sixtti  day  before 
the  Kalends  of  March  trrice.  hence  the  name  bis- 
sextile, from  bis,  twice,  and  sex,  six.  Hp  also  changed 
the  beginning  of  the  year  from  the  first  of  March  to  the 
first  of  January,  and  also  changed  the  name  of  the 
filth  month  (Quiutilis)  to  July,  after  hlnMeif.  The 
average  length  of  the  Julian  year  is  therefore  365}^ 
days,  which,  however,  is  too  long  by  II  minutes  and 
14  seconds,  and  this  would  accumulate  in  400  years 
to  about  three  days.  The  Julian  Calendar  continued 
In  use  until  a.  d.  1582,  when  the  Gregorian  Calendar 
was  Introduced  by  Pope  Gregory  XIII.  with  the 
view  of  keeping  the  Equinox  to  the  same  day  of  the 
month.  Of  the  centurlal  years  only  those  which 
are  exactly  divisible  by  400  thenceforward  con- 
tained 366  days.  The  length  of  the  mean  Gregorian 
Year  may  therefore  be  set  down  at  365  das's  5  hours 
49  minutes  12  seconds,  and  the  error  will  amount  to 
one  day  In  3,000  years.  The  Greerorian  Calendar 
was  Introduced  into  England  and  her  colonies  in 
1752,  at  which  time  the  Equinox  had  retrograded 
11  days  since  the  Counc  1  of  Nice  in  a.  d.  325,  when 
the  rule  for  Easter  Day  was  established  and  the 
Equinox  occurred  on  March  21;  hence  September  3, 
1752,  was  called  September  14,  and  at  the  same 
time  the  commencement  of  the  legal  year  was  changed 
from  March  25  to  January  1,  so  that  the  year  1751 
lost  the  months  of  January  and  February  and  the 
first  24  days  of  March.  The  difference  between  the 
Julian  and  Gregorian  Calendars  is  now  13  days. 
Russia  and  the  Greek  Church  still  employ  the  Julian 
Calendar  for  civil  and  ecclesiastical  purposes. 

In  the  Orient,  the  Gregorian  Calendar  was  adopted 
by  Japan  in  1873,  by  the  Chinese  Republic  in  1912, 
and  by  the  Turkish  Parliament  in  January,  1917. 


STANDARD    TIME. 

(From  A  statement  prepared  by  the  United  States  Naval  Observatory,  Washlnston,  D.  C.) 

The  United  States  adopted  standard  time  In  1883,  on  the  initiative  of  the  American  Railway  Asso- 
ciation, and  at  noon  of  November  18.  1883,  the  telegraphic  time  ?ignals  sent  out  dally  from  the  Naval 
Observatory  at  Washington  were  changed  to  the  new  system,  according  to  which  the  meridians  of  75°, 
SO",  105°  and  120°  west  from  Greenwich  became  the  time  meridians  of  Eastern,  Central,  Mountain,  and 
Pacific  standard  time  respectively. 

Theoretically,  the  divisions  should  be  half  way  between  the  above  meridians,  but  for  general  con- 
venience the  rallrtads  change  their  time  at  the  ends  of  railroad  divisions,  so  that  Eastern  standard  time 
Is  used  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  to  an  Irregular  line  through  Buffalo,  Salamanca,  Pittsburgh,  Wheeling, 
W.  Va.;  Holloway,  Ohio;  Huntington  W..  Va.;  Bristol,  Tenn.;  Norton,  Va.;  Ashevllie,  N.  C  ;  Atlanta, 
Augusta,  Ga.;  Columbia,  S.  C;  Central  Junction,  Ga.  Some  of  these  cities  use  Eastern  and  some  Central 
time,  Willie  the  railroads  use  one  time  m  one  direction  and  the  other  time  in  the  other  direction. 

The  same  appUes  to  the  cities  on  the  dividing-  lines  between  the  Central  and  Mountain  divisions,  the 
line  running  through  Bismarck,  N.  Dak.,  South  Dakota,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  Kansas,  New  Mexico,  and 
Texas  to  El  Paso;  also  to  the  cities  on  the  dividing  line  between  the  Mountain  and  Pacific  division,  the 
line  rimnlng  through  Montana,  Idaho,  Oregon,  Utah,  Nevada,  and  Arizona. 

By  the  Daylight  Saving  Act  of  1918,  standard  time  is  made  the  legal  time  throughout  the  United 
States;  in  addition  to  the  four  time  meridians  already  mentioned,  the  meridian  150°  west  from  Greenwich 
is  established  the  time  meridian  of  standard  Alaska  time;  authority  to  readjust  the  boundary  lines  between 
the  time  zones  is  lodged  with  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  By  the  same  act,  the  time  in  each 
of  the  five  zones  is  advanced  one  hour  from  March  to  October. 

For  Time  Difference  table  see  Index. 

Almost  all  countries  throughout  the  world  use  standard  time  based  on  the  meridians  15°  apart  from 
Greenwich,  while  some  use  standard  time  based  on  the  longitude  of  their  national  observatories. 


Mohammedan  Calendar,  1919. 


35 


THE    ANCIENT    AND    MODERN    YEAR. 

THE  Athenians  began  the  year  In  June,  the,  Macedonians  In  September,  the  Romans  urst  In  March 
and  afterward  In  January,  the  Persians  on  August  11,  the  ancient  Mexicans  on  February  23,  the  Moham- 
medans In  July.  The  Chinese  year,  which  begins  late  in  January  or  early  in  February,  is  similar  to  the 
Mohammedan  io  having  12  months  of  29  and  30  days  aterhately;  but  in  every  nineteen  years  there  are 
seven  years  which  have  13  months.  This  is  not  quite  correct,  and  the  Chinese  have  therelore  formed  a 
cycle  of  60  years,  in  which  period  22  Intercalary  months  occur. 


Ritualistic  Calendar. 

Colors  tor  the  Altar  in  Use  in  Ritualistic  Episcopal  Churches  in  the  United  States. 

White — From  the  First  Service  (First  Vespers)  of  Christmas  Day  to  the  Octave  of  Epiphany,  inclusive 
(except  an  the  Feasts  of  Martyrs):  on  Maundy  Ihursday  (tor  the  celebration);  from  the  First  Service  of 
Easter  Day  to  the  Vigil  of  Pentecost  (except  on  Feasts  of  Martyrs  and  Rogation  Days) ;  on  Trinity  Sunday, 
Conversion  of  St.  Paul.  Purification,  Annunciation,  St.  John  Baptist,  St.  Michael,  St.  Luke,  All  Samts, 
Saints  who  are  not  Martyrs,  and  Patron  Saints  (Transfiguration  and  Dedication  of  Church). 

flgd — From  First  Vespers  of  Pentecost  to  the  First  Vespers  of  Trinity  Sunday  (which  includes  Ember 
Day.s);  Holy  Innocents  (If  on  a  Sunday),  and  Feasts  of  all  Martyrs. 

Violet— Vtom  Septuageslma  to  Maundy  Thursday  (Easter  Eve):  Advent  Sunday  to  Christmas  Eve; 
Vigils,  Ember  Days  (except  in  Whitsun  Week),  and  Rogation  Days;  Holy  Innocents  (unless  on  Sunday). 

Black — Good  Friday  and  at  funerals.     Green — All  other  days.  i,„  t,  j 

These  regulations  as  to  colors  are  general.  A  more  minute  code  changing  with  each  year  Is  published 
Jn  the  church  almanac-s.  . 

Jewish  Calendar,  19 19. 


New  Moon,  Fasts,  Feasts,  Etc. 


.■5679. 
Sebat 
Adar 
Veadar 
Veadar 
Nisan 
Nisan 
Nisan 
lyar 
lyar 
Slvan 
Slvan 
TamuB 
Tamuz 
Ab 
Ab 

Elul 


New  Moon 

New  Moon 

New  Moon 

Purlm 

New  Moon 

First  Day  of  Passover 

Last  Day  of  Passover 

New  Moon 

Lag  B'omer 

New  Moon 

Pentecost 

New  Moon 

Fast  of  Tamuz 

New  Moon 

Fast     of     Ab     (Destruction 

Jerusalem) 

New  Moon 


of 


1919. 
Jan.  2 
Feb.  1 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  16 
April  1 
April  15 
April  21 
May  1 
May  18 
May  30 
June  4 
June  29 
July  16 
July   28 

Aug.     5 
Aug.  27 


Tisrl 
Tisri 
Tisrl 
Tisri 
Tisri 
Tlsri 


New  Moon,  Fasts,  Feasts,  Etc. 


5680. 


1 
4 
10 
15 
22 
23 


Hesvan  1 
Kislev  1 
Klslev  25 
Tebet       1 

Tebet     10 


Sebat 
Adar 
Adar 
Nisan 


1 

1 

14 

1 


Nisan     15 


New  Moon  (New  Year) 

Fast  of  Guadaliah 

Day  of  Atonement  (Yom  Klppur) 

Feast  of  Tabernacles 

Feast  of  Eighth  Day 

Rejoicing  with  the  Law 

New  Moon 

New  Moon 

Dedication  of  Temple 

New  Moon 


Fast  of  Tebet 

New  Moon 

New  Moon 

Purlm 

New  Moon 

First  Day  of  Passover. 


1919. 
Sept.  25 
Sept.  28 
Oct.  4 
Oct.  9 
Oct.  16 
Oct.  17 
Oct.  23 
Nov.  23 
Dec.  17 
Dec.  23 

1920. 
Jan.  1 
Jan.  21 
Feb.  20 
Mar.  4 
Mar.  20 
April    3 


The  year  5679  is  an  emboUsmic  imperfect  year  of  3S3  days;  the  year  5680  is  an  ordinary  common  year 
of  354  days.  , . 


Greek  Church  and  Russian  Calendar,  19 19. 

A.  D.  1919,  A.     M  8028. 


New 
Style. 


Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

April 

April 

April 

April 

May 

May 

June 

June 

July 


Holy  Days. 


Circumcision 

Theophany  (Epiphany) 

Hypapante  (Purification) 

Carnival  Sunday 

Ash  Wednesday 

Annunciation 

Palm  Sunday 

Great  Friday 

Holy  Pasch  (Easter) 

St.  George 

Ascension 

Pentecost 

Holy  Ghost 

Peter  and  Paul  (Chief  Apostles)  — 


Old 
Style. 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
Mar. 
April 
April  . 
April  23 
May  16 
May  26 
May  27 
June  29 


New 
Style. 


Aug.  19 
Aug.  28 
Sept.  12 
Sept.  21 
Sept.  27 
Oct.  14 
Nov.  28 
Dec.  4 
Dec.  22 

1920. 
Jan.     7 
Jan.    14 
Jan.   19 


Holy  Days. 


Transfiguration 

Repose  of  Theotokos  (Assumption) , 

St.  Alexander  Nevsky* 

Nativity  of  Theotokos 

Exaltation  of  Cross 

Patronage  of  Theotokos 

First  Day  Fast  of  Theotokos 

Entrance  of  Theotokos 

Conception  of  Theotokos 


Nativity  (Christmas) . . . 

Circumcision 

Theophany  (Epiphany). 


Old 
Style. 


Aug.  6 
Aug.  15 
Aug.  30 
Sept.  8 
Sept.  14 
Oct.  1 
Nov.  15 
Nov.  21 
Dec.  9 

Dec.  25 
Jan.  1 
Jan.  € 


*  Peculiar  to  Russia. 


Year. 


1337.. 

1337 . 

1337. 

1337. 

1337. 

1337. 


Mohammedan  Calendar,  1919. 


Name  of  Month. 


Month  Begins.   Year  . 


Rabia  II ' 

Jomadi  I 

Jomadl  II 

Rajab 

Shaaban ' 

Ramadan    (Month   of  Absti- 
1     nence) 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 


4,  1919 

2,  1919 

4,  1919 

2,  1919 

2,  1919 


May  31.  1919 


1337. 
1337. 
1337. 
1338. 
1338. 
1338. 
1338. 


Name  of  Month. 


Shawall 

Dulkaada 

DuUieggia 

Muharram  (New  Year) 

Saphar 

Rabia  I 

Rabia  II 


Month  Begins. 


June  30,  1919 

July  29,  1919 

Aug.  28,  1919 

Sept.  26,  1919 

Oct.  26,  1919 

Nov  24,  1919 

Dec.  24.  1919 


36 


Old  English  Holidays. 


TIME    DIFFERENCE. 

Twelve  o'clock  Noon  United  States  Standard  Eastern  Time  as  Compabed  With  the  Clocks  in 

THE   Following   Cities: 


Aden 

Alexandsto 

Amsterdam. .  . . 

Athens 

Berlin 

Berno 

Bogota 

Bombay 

Bremen 

BnissRls 

Constantinople. 
Copenhagen .  .  . 


8.00 
7.00 
5.20 
7.00 
6.00 
fi.OO 
12.03 
10.30 
6.00 
5.00 
700 
6.00 


p.m. 

P.M. 
P.M 
P.M. 
P  M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 


Dublin 

Hamburg. . 
Havana.. . . 

Havre 

Hongkong. 
Honolulu.  . 

Lima 

Lisbon .  . . . 
Liverpool. . 
London .  .  . 
Madrid. . . . 
Manila. .  .  . 


4.36 

P.M 
P.M. 

A.M. 
P.M. 
A.M.* 
A.M. 
NOON 
P.M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 
P.M. 
A.M.* 

Melbourne 

3.00    A.M.* 

6.00 

Mexico  City 

10.24  A.M. 

11.31 

Natal 

7.00   P.M. 

5.00 

Paris 

5.00   P.M. 

1  00 

Petrograd   

7  01    P  M 

6.30 
12.00 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Rome 

2.00   P.M. 
6  00   P  M. 

4.24 
5.00 
5.00 

Santiago  (Chile) 

Sitka,  Alaska 

Stockholm 

12.00  NOON 
8.00   A.M. 
6.00    P.M. 

6.00 

6.00   P.M. 

1.00 

Yokohama 

2.00    A.M.* 

♦  At  places  marked  *  the  time  noted  is  in  the  morning  of  the  following  day. 

For  cities  situated  in  countries  where  "Sttmmer"  time  has  not  been  adopted,  one  hour  must  be  stil>- 
tracted  from  the  time  given  in  the  above  table,  during  the  Spring  and  Summer  months.  (See  statement  below). 

"EArtiEBN"  time  includes:  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore.  Washington,  Richmond, 
Norfolk,  Charleston,  Buffalo,  Pittsburgh,  Montreal,  Quebec.  Ottawa.  Toronto,  et<!. 

"Central,"  which  Is  one  hour  slower  than  Eastern  time,  includes:  Cleveland,  Chicago,  St.  Louis, 
Minneapolis,  St.  Paul,  Milwaukee,  Kansas  City,  Omaha,  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati,  Detroit,  New  Orleans, 
Memphis,  Savannah,  Pensacola.  Winnipeg,  etc. 

"MonNTAiN,"  which  is  two  hours  slower  than  Eastern  time,  includes:  Denver,  T.eadville,  Colorado 
Springs,  Helena.  Regina  (N.  W.  T.),  etc. 

"Pacific,"  which  Is  three  hours  slower  than  Eastern  time,  includes:  San  Francisco,  Portland  (Oregon), 
Victoria,  Vancouver,  Tacoma.  Seattle,  etc. 

By  the  law  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  which -the  Legislature  recently  refused  to  change.  Central  time  Is  the 
legal  time  In  all  of  that  State.  The  trunk  line  railways  at  Cleveland,  with  the  exception  of  the  Erie,  use 
Central  time.  There  is  a  city  ordinance  which  names  Eastern  time  as  the  city  time,  but  as  above  stated, 
it  is  at  variance  with  the  State  law.     Detroit  has  likewise  adopted  Eastern  time. 


DAYLIGHT 

The  movement  known  by  this  name  proposed 
"to  set  the  clock  ahead"  one  hour  In  the  Summer 
months,  or  to  be  more  exact,  from  May  1  to  October 
1;  the  idea  being  to  substitute  an  hour  of  sunlight 
at  one  end  of  the  day  for  an  hour  of  artificial  light 
at  the  other. 

The  father  of  the  movement  was  an  Englishman, 
William  WlUett,  who  in  1907  published  a  booklet 
on  the  "Waste  of  Da.vlight."  In  1908  a  Daylight 
Saving  bill  was  introduced  In  the  House  of  Com- 
mons but  failed  of  passage.  The  measure  was 
opposed  on  the  ground  of  being  needless,  deceptive 
and    confusing. 

On  April  6,  1916,  the  German  Federal  Council 
passed  a  measure  providing  that  on  May  1,  1916, 
all  clocks  should  be  set  ahead  one  hour.  The  meas- 
ure was  adopted  for  hygienic  and  economic  reasons. 
Within  three  months  twelve  European  countries 
had  followed  the  .lead  of  Germany  and  "Summer 
Time"  was  In  use  in  Germany,  Holland,  Austria, 
Turkey,  England,  France.  Norway,  Sweden,  Den- 
mark, Italy,  Switzerland,  Spain  and  Portugal. 
Nova  Scotia  had  the  honor  of  introducing  the  new 
order  In  the  New  World. 

Practically  no  confusion  resulted;  everything 
went  ou  as  before,  people  doing  exactly  the  same 
things  at  the  same  hour  o'clock,  but  In  reality  the 
whole  routine  of  life  had  been  brought  one  hour 
nearer   sunrise.     The  scheme   had    brought    about 


SAVING. 

In  the  simplest  way  a  vital  change  affecting  millions. 
A  simple  "twist  of  the  wrist"  had  given  these  nations 
their  place  in  the  sun. 

So  gratifying  was  the  experience  of  1916,  that  the 
scheme  was  again  put  In  operation  in  the  Spring  of 
1917,  but  at  a  much  earlier  date;  In  France  the 
change  was  made  on  Saturday  midnight,  March  24. 

The  world-wide  interest  felt  in  the  matter  was 
further  shown  in  1917,  when  Australia  and  Iceland 
adopted  daylight  saving. 

In  England,  where  the  change  was  avowedly  a 
war  measure  and  not  designed  to  outlast  the  war, 
a  prime  consideration  was  the  conserving  of  the 
coal  supply  for  naval  and  military  uses.  Also, 
It  Is  estimated  that  the  British  people  are  saving 
812,000,000  on  gas  and  electric  light  bills  In  a  single 
season.  The  American  friends  of  the  measure  have 
contended  that  the  annual  conservation  of  coal  in 
the  United  States  would  amount  to  no  less  a  sum 
than  840,000,000. 

On  March  16,  1918,  the  Congress  of  the  United 
States  passed  and  on  March  19,  1918,  President 
Wilson  approved  the  Daylight  Saving  Act,  under 
the  terms  of  which  standard  time  throughout  the 
United  States  and  Alaska  Is  advanced  one  hour  for 
the  period  in  each  year  beginning  at  2  a.  m.  on  the 
last  Sunday  of  March  and  ending  at  2  A.  M.  on  the 
last  Sunday  of  October. 


OLD    ENGLISH    HOLIDAYS.. 

These  holidays,  with  their  names,  had  their  origin  in  mediaeval  England  when  the  state  religion  was 
that  of  the  Church  of  Rome,  and  they  are  still  observed  generally  or  in  some  parts  of  Britain. 


January  6.  Twelfth  Day,  or  Twelfth-tide,  some- 
times called  Old  Christmas  Day,  the  same  as 
Epiphany.  The  previous  evening  is  Twelfth  Night, 
with  which  many  social  rites  have  long  been  con- 
nected. 

♦February  2.  Candlemas:  Festival  of  the 
Purification  of  the  Virgin.  Consecration  of  the 
lighted  candles  to  be  used  In  the  church  during 
the  year. 

February  14.  Old  Candlemas:  St.Valentine'sDay. 

March  25.  Lady  Day:  Annunciation  of  the 
Virgin.    April  6  is  old  Lady  Day. 

June  24.  Midsummer  Day:  Feast  of  the  Nativity 
of  John  the  Baptist.    July  7  Is  old  Midsummer  Day. 

JXJLY  15.  St.  Swithin's  Day.  There  was  an  old 
superstition  that  if  rain  fell  on  this  day  it  would 
continue  forty  days. 

August  1.  Lammas  Day.  Originally  in  England 
the  festival  of  the  wheat  harvest.  In  the  Church 
toe  festival  of  St.  Peter's  miraculous  (tellver^tace 
from  prison.    Old  Lammas  Day  Is  August  13. 


September  29.  Michaelmas:  Feast  of  St.  Michael, 
the  Archangel.     Old  Michaelmas  is  October  11. 

NOVE.MBER  1.  All-hallowmas:  All-hallows,  or 
All  Saints'  Day.  The  previous  evening  Is  All-hallow- 
e'en,    observed   by   home   gatherings   and    old-time 

f 6S  til  V6    ri  t/6S 

November  2.  All  Souls'  Day:  Day  of  prayer 
for  the  souls  of  the  dead. 

November  11.  Martin.mas:  Feast  of  St.  Martin. 
Old  Martinmas  is  November  23. 

December  28.  Childermas:  Holy  Innocents'  Day 

Lady  Day,  Midsummer  Day,  Michaelmas  and 
Christmas  are  quarter  (rent)  days  in  England,  and 
Whitsunday,  Martinmas,  Candlemas  and  Lammas 
Day  in  Scotland. 

Shrove  Tuesday,  the  day  before  Ash  Wednesday, 
and  Maundy  Thursday,  the  day  before  Good  Friday, 
are  observed  by  the  Church.  Mothering  Sunday  is 
Mid-Lent  Sunday,  in  wliich  the  old  rural  custom 
obtains  of  visiting  one's  parents  and  making  them 
presents. 

*  Also  known  as  "Groundhog  Day." 


Easter  Sunday. 


37 


TABLE    OF    DAYS    BETWEEN    TWO:  DATES. 

A  TABLE  OF  THE  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  BETWEEN  ANY  TWO  DAYS  WITHIN  TWO  YEARS. 


1 

d 

■-3 

< 

01 

a 

3 

>-> 

3 

3 
< 

4J 
0 

i 

Q 

6 

Q 

a 
4 

X2 

a 

< 

a 

3 

1-5 

3 

•-5 

3 

Q 

m 

0 

0 

Q 

1 

1 

32 

60 

91 

121 

152 

182 

213 

244 

274 

305 

335 

1 

366 

397 

425 

456 

486 

517 

547 

578 

609 

639 

670 

7on 

2 

2 

33 

61 

92 

122 

153 

183 

214 

245 

275 

306 

336 

2 

367 

398 

426 

457 

487 

518 

548 

579 

610 

640 

671 

701 

3 

3 

34 

62 

93 

123 

154 

184 

215 

246 

276 

307 

337 

3 

368 

399 

427 

458 

488 

519 

549 

580 

611 

641 

672 

70? 

4 

4 

36 

63 

94 

124 

155 

185 

216 

247 

277 

308 

338 

4 

369 

400 

428 

459 

489 

520 

550 

.581 

612 

642 

673 

703 

6 

5 

36 

64 

95 

125 

156 

186 

217 

248 

278 

309 

339 

5 

370 

401 

429 

460  490:521 1551 

582 

613 

643 

674 

704 

b 

6 

3V 

65 

96 

126 

157 

187 

218 

249 

279 

310 

340 

6 

371 

402 

430 

461 

491 

522  552 

583 

614 

644 

675 

705 

V 

V 

38 

66 

9/ 

127 

158 

188 

219 

250 

280 

311 

341 

7 

372 

403 

431 

462 

492 

523 

5.53 

584 

615 

645. 

676 

706 

S 

8 

39 

67 

98 

128 

159 

189 

220 

251 

2H1 

312 

342 

8 

373 

404 

432 

463 

493 

524 

554 

585 

616 

646 

677 

707 

9 

9 

40 

68 

99 

129 

160 

190 

221 

252 

282 

313 

343 

9 

374 

405 

433 

164 

494 

.525 

555 

586 

617 

647 

678 

70S 

'  10 

10 

41 

69 

100 

130 

161 

191 

222 

253 

283 

314 

344 

10 

375 

406 

434 

465 

495 

526 

556 

587 

618 

648 

679 

709 

11 

11 

42 

7(1 

101 

131 

162 

192 

223 

254 

284 

315 

345 

11 

376 

407 

435 

466 

496 

527 

557 

,588 

619 

649 

680 

710 

12 

12 

,43 

71 

102 

132 

163 

193 

224 

255 

285 

316 

346 

12 

377 

■108 

436 

467 

497 

528 

558 

.589 

620 

6.50 

681 

711 

la 

13 

44 

72 

103 

133 

164 

194 

225 

256 

286 

317 

347 

13 

378 

409 

437 

468 

498 

529 

559 

590 

621 

651 

682 

711^ 

14 

14 

45 

73 

104 

134 

165 

195 

226 

257 

287 

318 

348 

14 

379 

410 

438 

469  499 

530 

560 

,591 

622 

652 

683 

71,^ 

16 

15 

46 

74 

105 

135 

166 

196 

227 

2.58 

288 

319 

349 

15 

380 

411 

439 

470 

500 

531 

561 

,592 

623 

6,53 

684 

714 

16 

16 

47 

75 

loa 

136 

167 

197 

228 

259 

289 

320 

350 

16 

381 

412 

440 

471 

501 

532 

562 

593 

624 

6,54 

685 

715 

IV 

17 

48 

76 

107 

137 

168 

198 

229 

260 

290 

321 

351 

17 

382 

413 

441 

172 

502 

533 

563 

.594 

325 

6,55 

686 

716 

18 

18 

49 

77 

108 

138 

169 

199 

230 

261 

291 

322 

352 

18 

383 

414 

442 

473 

503 

534 

564 

595 

626 

656 

687 

717 

19 

19 

50 

78 

109 

139 

170 

200 

231 

262 

292 

323 

353 

19 

384 

415 

443 

474 

504 

535 

565 

596 

627 

657 

688 

718 

20 

20 

51 

79 

110 

140 

171 

201 

232 

263 

293 

324 

354 

20 

385 

416 

444 

475 

505 

536 

5(i6 

597 

628 

6,58 

689 

719 

21 

21 

52 

80 

111 

141 

172 

202 

233 

264 

294 

325 

355 

21 

386 

417 

445 

476 

506 

.537 

5(i7 

598 

629 

659 

690 

720 

22 

22 

53 

81 

112 

142 

173 

203 

234 

265 

295 

326 

356 

22 

387 

418 

44(i 

477 

507 

538 

568 

,599 

()30 

660 

691 

721 

23 

23 

54 

82 

113 

143 

174 

204 

235 

266 

296 

327 

357 

23 

388 

419 

447 

478 

508 

539 

569 

600 

631 

661 

692 

722 

24 

24 

55 

83 

114 

144 

176 

205 

236  267 

297 

328 

358 

24 

389 

420 

448 

479 

509 

540 

570 

601 

632 

662 

693 

72.S 

2b 

25 

56 

84 

115 

145 

176 

206 

237 

268 

298 

329 

359 

25 

390 

421 

449 

480 

510 

541 

571 

602 

633 

663 

694 

724 

26 

26 

--57 

85 

116 

146 

177 

207 

238 

269 

299 

330 

360 

26 

391 

422 

450 

481 

511 

542 

572 

603 

634 

664 

695 

725 

27 

27 

58 

86 

117 

147 

178 

208 

239 

270 

300 

331 

361 

27 

392 

423 

451 

482 

512 

543 

573 

604 

635 

665 

696 

726 

28 

28 

59 

87 

118 

14S 

179 

209 

240 

271 

301 

332 

362 

28 

393 

424 

152 

483 

513 

544 

.574 

605 

(>36 

666 

697 

727 

29 

29 

. .  . 

88 

119 

149 

180 

210 

241 

272 

302 

333 

363 

2!) 

394 

453 

484 

514 

545 

575 

606 

637 

667 

698 

728 

30 

30 

.  .  . 

89 

120 

150 

181 

211 

242 

273 

303 

334 

364 

30 

395 

454  485 

515 

54() 

576 

607 

638 

668 

699 

729 

31 

3lJ 

90 

151 

...  212 

243 

304 

305 

31 

396 

...  4551...) 

516 

577 

608J 

669 

730 

The  above  table  applies  to  ordinary  years  only.  For  leap  year,  otie  day  must  be  added  to  each  number 
of  days  after  February  28. 

Example. — To  And  the  number  of  dg,5's  between  .Tune  3,  1900,  and  February  16,  1901:  The  figures 
opposite  the  third  day  in  the  first  June  eolumn  are  154;  those  ooposlte  the  sixteenth  day  in  the  second 
February  column  are  412.  Subtract  the  first  from  the  second  product — i.  e.,  154  from  412,  and  the  result 
is  258,  the  number  of  days  between  the  two  dates. 


EASTER    SUNDAY. 

A  Table  Showing  the  Date  of  Easter  Sunday  in  Each  Year  of  the  Nineteenth  and 

Twentieth  Centuries 


1801— April  5. 

1802— April  18. 

1803— April  10. 

1804— April  1. 

1805 — April  14. 

1806— April  6. 

1807— Mar.  29. 

1808— April  17. 

1809— April  2. 

1810— April  22. 

1811— April  14. 

1812— Mar.  29. 

1813— April  18. 

1814 — April  10. 

1815— Mar.  26. 

1816— April  14. 

1817— April  6. 

1818— Mar.  22. 

1819— April  11. 

1820— April  2. 

1821— April  22. 

1822— April  7. 

1823— Mar.  30. 

1824-T-Aprll  18. 

1825— April  3. 

1826— Mar.  26. 

1827 — April  15. 

1828 — April  6. 

1829— April  19. 

1830 — April  11. 

1831— April  3. 

T832— April  22. 

T833 — April  7. 

1834— Mar.  30. 


1835— April  19. 
1836— April  3. 
1837— Mar.  26. 
1838— April  15. 
1839— Mar.  31. 
1840— April  19. 
1841— April  11. 
1842— Mar.  27. 
1843— April  16. 
1844— April  7. 
1845 — Mar.  23. 
1846— April  12. 
1847— AprU  4. 
1848— April  23. 
1849— April  8. 
1850 — Mar.  31. 
1851— April  20. 
1852— April  11. 
1853— Mar.  27. 
1854— April  16. 
1855— April  8. 
1856— Mar.  23. 
1857— April  12. 
1858— April  4. 
1859— April  24. 
1860 — April  8. 
1861— Mar.  31. 
1862— April  20. 
1863— April  5. 
1864— Mar.  27. 
1865 — April  16. 
1866 — April  1. 
1867 — April  21. 
1868— April  12. 


1869— Mar.  28. 

1870— April  17. 

1871— April  9. 

1872— Mar.  31. 

1873— April  13. 

1874— April  5. 

1875— Mar.  28. 

1876— April  16. 

1877— April  1. 

1878 — AprU  21. 

1879— April  13. 

1880— Mar.  28. 

1881— April  17. 

1882— April  9. 

1883— Mar.  25. 

1884— April  13. 

1885— April  5. 

1886— April  25, 

1887— April  10. 

1888— April  1. 

1889— April  21. 

1890— April  6. 

1891— Mar.  29. 

1892— April  17. 

1893— AprU  2. 

1894— Mar.  25. 

1895— April  14. 

1896— AprU  5. 

1897— April  18. 

1898— April  10. 

1899— April  2. 

1900— AprU  15. 

1901— AprU  7. 


1902 — Mar.  30. 

1903— April  12. 

1904— April  3. 

1905— April  23. 

1906— April  15. 

1907— Mar.  31. 

1908— April  19. 

1909— AprU  11. 

1910 — Mar.  27. 

1911— AprU  16. 

1912— April  7. 

1913— Mar.  23. 

1914— April  12. 

1915— April  4. 

1916— April  23. 

1917 — April  8. 

1918— Mar.  31. 

1919— April  20. 

1920— April  4. 

1921— Mar.  27. 

1922— April  16. 

1923— April  1. 

1924— April  20. 

1925— April  12. 

1926— April  4. 

1927— April  17. 

1928— April  8. 

1929— Mar.  31. 

1930— April  20. 

1931— April  5. 

1932— Mar.  27. 

1933— April  16. 

1934— April  1. 


1935— April  21. 
1936— April  12. 
1937 — Mar.  28. 
1938— April  17. 
1939— April  9. 
1940— Mar.  24. 
1941— AprU  13. 
■  1942 — .\pril  5. 
1943— AprU  25. 
1944— April  9. 
1945— AprU  1. 
1946— April  21. 
1947— April  6. 
1948— Mar.  28. 
1949— April  17. 
1950— April  9. 
1951— Mar.  25. 
1952— AprU  13. 
1953— April  5. 
1954— April  18. 
1955— AprU  10. 
1956— April  1. 
1957— April  21. 
195,S— April  6. 
19,59— Mar.  29. 
1960— AprU  17, 
1961 — April  2. 
1962— April  22. 
1963— April  14. 
1964— Mar.  29. 
1965 — April  18. 
1966— April  10. 
1967— Mar.  26. 


1968— April  14. 
1969— April     6. 

1970— Mar.  29. 
1971— April  11. 
1972— April     2. 

1973— April  22. 

1974 — April  14. 

1975— Mar.  30. 

1976— April  18. 

1977 — April  10. 

1978— Mar.  26. 

1979 — April  15. 

1980— April  6. 

1981— April  19. 

1982— April  11. 

1983— April  3. 

1984— April  22. 

1985— April  7. 

1986— Mar.  30. 

1987— April  19, 

1988— April  3. 

1989— Mar.  26. 

1990— April  15. 

1991— Mar.  31. 

1992— April  19. 

1993— April  11. 

1994— April  .  3. 

1995 — April  16. 

1996— April  7. 

1997— Mar.  30. 

1998 — April  12. 

1999 — April  4, 

2000— April  23. 


38 


Ready-Reference  Calendar. 


READY-REFERENCE    CALENDAR. 


For  ascertaining  any  Day  of  the  Week  for  any  given  Time  witldn  Two  Hundred 
Years  from  the  introduction  of  the  Nevj  Style,   1752,  *  to  19b2- inclusive. 


COMMON   YEARS.   1753   TO  1951. 

c 
i-s 

4 
5 

7 

1 

7 

1 

< 

3 
4 

s 

5 
6 

a 

3 

<-> 
1 

2 

3 

1-3 

3 
4 

< 
6 

7 

4J 

1 

2 
3 

O 
O 

4 
5 

1 

1 
7 

1 

Q 

1761 
1801 

1767 
1807 

1778 
1818 

1789 
1829 

1795 
1835 

1846 

1857 
1903 

1863 
1914 

1874 
1925 

1885 
1931 

1891 
1942 

2 

1762 
1802 

1773 
1813 

1779 
1819 

1790 
1830 

1841 

1847 

1858 
1909 

1869 
1915 

1875 
1926 

1886 
1937 

1897 
1943 

3 

1757 
1803 

1763 
1814 

1774 
1825 

1785 
1831 

1791 
1842 

1853 

1859 
1910 

1870 
1921 

1881 
1927 

1887 
1938 

1898 
1949 

6 

2 

2 

5 

7 

3 

5 

1 
4 
5 
2 
3 

T 
T 

6 

T 

4 
7 
1 
5 
6 

T 
T 
It 

6 
2 
3 

7 

1 

T 
T 

4 
7 

2 
5 
6 
3 

4 

T 
Y 

7 

T 

3 

4 

1754 
1805 

1765 
1811 

1771 
1822 

1782 
1833 

1793 
1839 

1799 
1850 
1901 

1861 
1907 

1867 
1918 

1878 
1929 

1889 
1935 

1895 
1946 

2 

5 

5 

1 

3 

6 

1 

7 

1755 
1806 

1766 
1817 

1777 
1823 

... 

1783 
1834 

1794 
1845 

1800 
1851 
1902 

1862 
1913 

1873 
1919 

1879 
1930 

1890 
1941 

1947 

3 
7 

1 

T 
7 

6 

3 

4 

39 
T 

T 
T 
T 

6 
3 

4 

r 

T 
T 

2 
6 
7 

7 

T 

3 

T 

6 

4 
1 
2 

Y 

5 

T 

7 
4 
5 

5 
T 

T 
T 

2 
6 
7 

7 

3 

T 

1 

1758 
1809 

1769 
1815 

1775 
1826 

1786 
1837 

1797 
1843 

1854 
1905 

1865 
1911 

1871 
1922 

1882 
1933 

1893 
1939 

1899 
1950 

5 

1753 
1810 

1759 
1821 

1770 
1827 

1781 
1838 

1787 
1849 

1798 
1855 

1866 
1906 

1877 
1917 

1883 
1923 

1894 
1934 

1900 
1945 
1951 

6 

LEAP   YEARS.    1756    TO    1953. 

1764 

1793 

1804 

1833 

1860 

1883 

1938 

6 

1768 

1796 

1808 

1836 

1864 

1893 

1904 

1933 

4 

1773 

1813 

1840 

1863 

1896 

1908 

1036 

2 

1776 

. . 

1816 

1844 

1873 

1913 

1940 

1 

7 

1780 

1830 

1848 

1876 

1916 

1944 

6 

3 

3 

5 

1756 

1784 

1834 

1853 

1880 

1930 

1948 

4 

7 

1 

4 

6 

3 

4 
3" 

7 

T 

3 

T 

5 
T 

1 
Y 

3 

1760 

1788 

1838 

1856 

1884 

1934 

1953 

3 

4 

7 

1 

Note. — To  ascertain  anv 
day  of  the  week,  first  look 
in  tbe  table  for  the  year 
required,    and    under    the 
months  are  figures  which 
refer  to  the  corresponding 
figures  at  the  head  of  the 
columns    of    days    below. 
For  Example:-To  know  on 
what  day  of  the  week  July 
4.  1918.  will  fall,  look  in 
tbe    table    of    years     for 
1918.  and  In  a  parallel  line 
under  July    Is     figure     1. 
which  directs    to    column 
1  In  which  It  will  be  seen 
that  July  4  falls  on  Thurs- 
day. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

Moinlivy         1 
Tuesdaj'        9 
Wedntsdny  3 
Thuraday      4 
Friday    •       S 
Satiirdav       6 
SUNDAY    7 
Monday        i 
'i'liesday        9 
Wednesd.   10 
Tliursday    11 
Friday         U 
Satuvdsy     13 
SUNDAY  14 
Monday       15 
Tuesday      16 
Wedoesd.   17 
Thureday    18 
Friday         19 
Saturday     20 
SUNDAY  21 
Monday      22 
Tuesday      23 
Wednesd.  24 
Thursday    23 
Friday         26 
Saturday     27 
SUNDAY  28 
Monday      29 
Tuesday      30 
Wednesd.   31 

Tuesday        1 
Wednesday  5 
Thursday      3 
Friday           4 
Saturday       5 
SUNDAY     6 
Monday        7 
Tuesday        S 
WediiKiday  9 
Tliursday    10 
Friday          11 
Saturday     12 
SUNDAYJ3 
Monday      14 
Tuesday      15 
Wednesd.   16 
Thursday    17 
Friday         18 
Saturday     19 
SUNDAY  20 
Monilay      21 
Tuesday      22 
Wednesd.    23 
Thursday    24 
Friday         25 
Saturday     26 
SUNDAY  27 
Monday       28 
Tuesday      29 
Wednesd.  .30 
Thursday    31 

Wednesday  1 
rhursdiiv       2 
Fridav    '       3 
Saturday       4 
5UNDAY    5 
Monday         6 
Tuesday        7 
Wednesday  8 
Thursday      9 
Friday         10 
Saturday     1 1 
SUNDAY  12 
Monday      IS 
Tuesday      14 
Wednesd.    15 
Fhursday    16 
Friday         17 
Saturtlav     18 
SUNDAY  19 
Monday       20 
Tuesday      21 
Wednesd.    22 
Thursday    23 
Friday         24 
Satnriiay     25 
SUNDAY  26 
Monday       27 
Tuesday      28 
Wednesd.   29 
Thursday    30 
Friday        31 

Thurstlay      1 
Friday           2  i 
Saturday       3  ! 
SUNDAY    4 
Monday        5  ' 
Tuesday        6 
Wednesday  7  ' 
Thursday      8 
Friday           9  S 
Saturday     10  S 
SUNDAY  11 
Monday       12  ' 
'Tuesday      13 
Wednesd.    14 
'Thursday    15 
Friday         16  S 
Saturday     17  ; 
SUNDAY  18 
Monday       19  ' 
Tuesday      20 
Wednesd.    21  ' 
Thursday    22 
Friday         23 . 
Saturday     24  S 
SUNDAY  25 
Monday       26 ' 
Tuesday      27 
Wednesd.    28  ' 
Thursday    29 
Friday         30  i 
Saturday     31  i 

■'riday 

iaiiirilny       S 
SUNDAY    : 
Monday       ' 
.'uesda}' 
Vednesdny  i 
I'huraday 
Friday          i 
Saturday       S 
5UNDAY  IC 
ioud.ay       1 
I'uesday      1' 
IVednesd.    U 
Tliursday    1< 
Frid.iy         1. 
Saturday     H 
SUNDAY  r 
VIoiiday       It 
,'uesdny       H 
IVe.lnesd.    2( 
rliursday    2 
Friday         2' 
Saturday     2; 
SUNDAY  2J 
(londay      2. 
['ue-sday      2t 
IVednesd.   21 
Thursday    2S 
Friday         2f 
Saturday     3t 
SUNDAY  31 

Satunlay       1 
SUNDAY    2 
Monday        3 
I'liesday        4 
Wednesday  5 
Thuraday      6 
Friday           7 
Saturday      8 
SUNDAY    9 
Monday       10 
Tuesday      11 
Wednesd.    12 
Thursday    13 
Friday         14 
Saturday     16 
SUNDAY  16 
Monday       17 
'Tuesday      18 
Wednesd.    19 
Thursday    20 
Friday         21 
>  Saturday     22 
SUNDAY  23 
Monday      24 
Tuesday      26 
Wednesd.  26 
Thursday    27 
Friday         28 
Saturday    29 
SUNDAY  30 
Monday      SI 

SUNDAY    1 
Monday        2 
Tuesday        3 
Wednesday  4 
Thursday      5 
Friday          6 
Saturday       7 
SUNDAY    8 
Monday  •      9 
Tuesday      10 
Wednesd.   11 
Thuraday    12 
Friday         13 
Saturday     14 
SUNDAY  15 
Monday      16 
Tuesday      11 
Wednesd.   18 
Thursday    19 
Friday         20 
Saturday    21 
SUNDAY  22 

*17 
Janua 
From 
Decen 
<8ept 
omltt< 
manac 

52 
py 
i 
lb 
ei 
;d 
!k) 

sam 
1  to 
3ept« 
er  31 
nbei 
.     ( 
. 

eas  1 
Sept 

imber 
same 

•    3-1 

Whita 

r72  from 
jmber  2. 
14    to 
as  1780 
3    were 
ker's  Al- 

Monday      23 
Tuesday      24 
Wednesd.   25 
Thurailay    2S 
Friday         27 
Saturday     28 
SUNDAY  29 
Monday       30 
Tuesday      31 

1st  Montli. 

JANUARY,  1919. 

31  Days. 

o 
a 

5 

o 

1 

o 

♦J 

o 

Calendar  for 

BOSTON, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  tor 

New  YORK  City, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

\ 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Mls.souri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

Q 

Sun 
Rises. 

SUN 

Sets. 

Moon 

R.   &   S. 

SUN 
RISES. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

moon 
R.  &  a. 

Sun 
Rises. 

SUN 

Sets. 

MOON 
n,  &  s. 

1 

w 

H.      M. 

7  30 

H.      M. 

4  38 

H.      M. 

6  45 

H.      M. 

7  24 

H.      JI. 

4  43 

H.      M. 

6  41 

H.      M. 

7  19 

H.    j:. 
4  48 

H.      M. 

6  36 

H. 

7 

M. 

2 

H.     M. 

5     4 

H.      M. 

6  19 

2 

Th 

7  30 

4  38 

sets. 

.7  24 

4  44 

sets. 

7  19 

4  49 

sets. 

7 

3 

5    5 

sets. 

3 

Fr 

7  30    4  39 

6  23 

7  24 

4  44 

6  27 

7  19 

4  50 

6  32 

7 

3 

5     6 

6  44 

4 

Sea 

7  30i   4  40 

7  31 

7  25 

4  45 

7  34 

7  19 

4  51 

7  38 

7 

3 

5    7 

7  47 

5 

S 

7  30 

4  41 

8  40 

7  25 

4  46 

8  42 

7  19 

4  52 

8  45 

7 

3 

5    8 

8  50 

6 

M 

7  30 

4  42 

9  50 

7  25 

4  47 

9  51 

7  19 

4  52 

9  52 

7 

3 

5    8 

9  54 

7 

Tu 

7  30 

4  43 

11     1 

7  25 

4  48 

11    0 

7  19 

4  53 

11    0 

7 

3 

5    9 

10  57 

8 

W 

7  29 

4  44 

A.M. 

7  25 

4  49 

A.M. 

7  19 

4  54 

A.M. 

7 

3 

5  10 

A.M. 

9 

Th 

7  29 

4  45 

12  12 

7  24 

4  50 

12  10 

7  19 

4  55 

12    8 

7 

3 

5  11 

12    2 

10 

Fr 

7  29 

4  46 

1  24 

7  24 

4  51 

- 1  21 

7  19 

4  56 

1  18 

7 

3 

5  12 

1    8 

11 

Sa 

7  29 

4  47 

2  36 

7  24 

4  52 

2  32 

7  19 

4  57 

2  28 

7 

3 

5  13 

2  15 

12 

S 

7  28 

4  48 

3  46 

7  24 

4  53 

3  41 

7  19 

4  58 

3  36 

7 

3 

5  14 

3  21 

13 

M 

7  28 

4  50 

4  51 

7  23 

4  54 

4  46 

7  18 

4  59 

4  41 

7 

3 

5  14 

4  24 

14 

Tu 

7  27 

4  51 

5  48 

7  28 

4  55 

5  44 

7  18 

5    0 

5  38 

7 

3 

5  15 

5  22 

15 

W 

7  27 

4  52 

6  38 

7  23 

4  56 

6  33 

.  7  IS 

5     1 

6  29 

7 

3 

5  16 

6  14 

16 

Th 

7  27 

4  53 

rises . 

7  22 

4  58 

rises . 

7  17 

5    2 

rises . 

7 

3 

5  17 

rises. 

17 

Fr 

7  26 

4  54 

6  44 

7  22 

4  59 

6  47 

7  17 

5    3 

6  50 

7 

2 

5  18 

6  58 

18 

Sa 

7  26 

4  55 

7  50 

7  21 

5    0 

7  51 

7  17 

5    5 

7  53 

7 

2 

5  19 

7  58 

19 

S 

7  25 

4  56 

8  52 

7  21 

5    1 

8  53 

7  16 

5    6 

8  53 

7 

2 

5  20 

8  55 

20 

M 

7  25 

4  58 

9  54 

7  20 

5    2 

9  53 

7  16 

5    7 

9  53 

7 

1 

5  21 

9  50 

21 

Tu 

7  24 

4  59 

10  53 

7  20 

5    3 

10  52 

7  15 

5    8 

10  51 

7 

1 

5  22 

10  45 

22 

W 

7  23 

5    0 

11  53 

7  19 

5    4 

11  50 

7  15 

5    9 

11  48 

7 

1 

5  23 

11  39 

23 

Th 

7  23 

5    2 

A.M. 

7  18 

5    6 

A.M. 

7  14 

5  10 

A.M. 

7 

0 

5  24 

A.M. 

24 

Fr 

7  22 

5    3 

12  52 

7  18 

5    7 

12  49 

7  13 

5  11 

12  45 

7 

0 

5  24 

12  34 

25 

Sa 

7  21 

5    4 

1  50 

.7  17 

5    8 

1  47 

7  13 

5  12 

1  42 

7 

0 

5  25 

1  29 

26 

S 

7  20 

5    5 

2  48 

7  16 

5    9 

2  44 

7  12 

5  14 

2  39 

6  59 

5  26 

2  23 

27 

M 

7  19 

5    7 

3  44 

7  16 

5  10 

3  39 

7  11 

5  15 

3  34 

6 

58 

5  27 

3  17 

28 

Tu 

7  19l   5     8 

4  35 

7  15 

5  12 

4  31 

7  11 

5  16 

4  25 

6  58 

5  28 

4    9 

29 

W- 

7  18!   5     9 

5  23 

7  14 

5  13 

5  18 

7  10 

5  17 

5  13 

6 

57 

5  29 

4  58 

30 

Th 

7  17    5  10 

6    5 

7  13 

5  14 

6     1 

7    9 

5  18 

5  57 

6  57 

5  30 

5  44 

3lj  Fr 

7  16    5  12 

sets. 

7  12 

5  15 

sets. 

7    8 

5  19 

sets. 

6 

56 

5  31 

sets. 

SUN    ON    MERIDIAN    Or    WASHINGTON. 


Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month 

H. 

M.        S. 

Month 

n. 

M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        8. 

1 

12 

3  25 

8 

12 

6  36 

14 

12     9     0 

20 

12  11     0 

26 

12  12  34 

■    2 

12 

3  54 

9 

12 

7     2 

15 

12     9  22 

21 

12  11   18 

27 

12  12  47 

3 

12 

4  22 

10 

12 

7  27 

16 

12     9  43 

22 

12  11   35 

28 

12  12  59 

4 

12 

4  50 

11 

12 

7  51 

17 

12  10     3 

23 

12  11  51 

29 

12  13  11 

5 

12 

5  17 

12 

12 

8  14 

18 

12  10  23 

24 

12  12     6 

30 

12  13  21 

6 

12 

5  44 

13 

12 

8  38 

19 

12  10  42 

25 

12  12  20 

31 

12  13  31 

7 

12 

6  10 

TWILIGHT. 


Places. 


Boston — 
New  York 
Wash'lon.. 
Charleston 


Jan. 


1 
1 
1 
I 


Begins,  A.M. 

H. 

M. 

5 

48 

5 

46 

5 

43 

5 

35 

Ends,  P.M. 

Jan. 

H.      M. 

6  19 

11 

,   6  22 

11 

6  24 

11 

6  ^ 

11 

Jan.  Begins,  A.M.    Ends,  p.m.     Jan.  Begins,  a.m.    Ends,  p.m 


H. 

5 
5 
5 
5 


M. 

48 
46 
44 
36 


H.   AI. 

6  28 
6  30 
6  32 
6  40 


21 

21 
21 
21 


H.  M. 

5  45 

5  44 
5  42 
5   35 


6  38 
6  40 
6  42 
6  48 


2d  Month. 

FEBRUARY, 

1919. 

28  Days. 

5 
g- 

1 

o 

1 

Calendar  lor 

Boston, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State. 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  Citt, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston. 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas 

Texas,  New  ATexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

>> 
Q 

SCN 

Rises  . 

SUN 

Sets. 

?.100N 
R.    &  S. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun- 
sets. 

Moon 

R.   &   3. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
B.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

1 

Sa 

H.      M. 

7  15 

H.      M. 

5  13 

H.      M. 

6  26 

H.      M. 

7  11 

H.      M. 

5  16 

H.      M. 

6  28 

H.      M. 

7     7 

n.    M. 
5  20 

H.      M. 

6  31 

H.      M. 

6  56 

H.      M. 

5  32 

H.      M. 

6  37 

2 

S 

7  14 

5  14 

7  37 

7  10 

5  18 

7  38 

7     6 

5  22 

7  40 

6  55 

5  33 

7  43 

3 

M 

7  13 

5  16 

8  49 

7     9 

5  19 

8  49 

7     6 

5  23 

8  49 

6  54 

5  34 

8  48 

4 

Tu 

7  12 

5  17 

10     1 

7     8 

5  20 

10    0 

7     5 

5  24 

9  59 

6  54 

5  35 

9  54 

5 

W 

7  10 

5  18 

11  14 

7     7 

5  22 

11  12 

7    4 

5  25 

11  10 

6  53 

5  36 

11     1 

« 

Th 

7     9 

5  20 

A.M. 

7     6 

5  23 

A.M. 

7    3 

5  26 

A.M. 

6  52 

5  36 

A.M. 

7 

Fr 

7    8 

5  21 

12  26 

7     5 

5  24 

12  23 

7    2 

5  27 

12  20 

6  51 

5  37 

12    8 

8 

Sa 

7    7 

5  22 

1  36 

7     4 

5  25 

1  32 

7     1 

5  29 

1  28 

6  50 

5  38 

1  13 

9 

S 

7    6 

5  24 

2  42 

7     3 

5  26 

2  37 

7     0 

5  30 

2  32 

6  50 

5  39 

2  16 

10 

M 

7    4 

5  25 

3  41 

7     2 

5  28 

3  36 

6  58 

5  31 

3  31 

6  49 

5  40 

3  14 

11 

Tu 

7    3 

5  26 

4  32 

7    0 

5  29 

4  28 

6  57 

5  32 

4  23 

6  48 

5  41 

4    8 

12 

W 

7    2 

5  27 

5  15 

6  59 

5  30 

5  11 

6  56 

5  33 

5     7 

6  47 

5  42 

4  54 

13 

Th 

7     1 

5  29 

5  52 

6  58 

5  32 

5  49 

6  55 

5  34 

5  46 

6  46 

5  43 

5  36 

14 

Fr 

6  59 

5  30 

rises. 

6  57 

5  33 

rises. 

6  54 

5  35 

rises . 

6  45 

5  44 

rises. 

15 

Sa 

6  58 

5  31 

6  37 

6  55 

.5  34 

6  38 

6  53 

5  37 

6  40 

6  44 

5  45 

6  42 

16 

S 

6  57 

5  33 

7  39 

6  54 

5  35 

7  40 

6  51 

5  38 

7  40 

6  43 

5  46 

7  39 

17 

M 

6  55 

5  34 

8  40 

6  53 

5  36 

8  39 

6  50 

5  39 

.8  38 

6  42 

5  46 

8  34 

18 

Tu 

6  54 

5  35 

9  40 

6  51 

5  38 

9  38 

6  49 

5  40 

9  36 

6  41 

5  47 

9  29 

19 

W 

6  52 

5  36 

10  39 

6  50 

5  39 

10  36 

6  48 

5  41 

10  34 

6  40 

5  48 

10  23 

20 

Th 

6  51 

5  38 

11  38 

6  49 

5  40 

11  34 

6  46 

5  42 

11  30 

6  39 

5  49 

11  18 

21 

Fr 

6  49 

5  39 

A.M. 

6  47 

5  41 

A.M. 

6  45 

5  43 

A.M. 

6  38 

5  50 

A.M. 

22 

Sa 

6  48 

5  40 

12  36 

6  46 

5  42 

12  31 

6  44 

5  44 

12  27 

6  37 

5  51 

12  12 

23 

S 

6  46 

5  41 

1  31 

6  44 

5  43 

1  27 

6  42 

5  45 

1  22 

6  36 

5  51 

1     6 

24 

M 

6  45 

5  43 

2  24 

6  43 

5  44 

2  19 

6  41 

5  46 

2  14 

6  35 

5  52 

1  57 

25 

Tu 

6  43 

5  44 

3  13 

6  42 

5  46 

3     8 

6  40 

5  48 

3     3 

6  34 

5  53 

2  47 

26 

W 

6  42 

5  45 

3  57 

6  40 

5  47 

3  521 

6  38 

5  49 

3  48 

6  32 

5  54 

3  34 

27 

Th- 

6  40 

5  46 

4  36 

6  39 

5  48 

4  33 

6  37 

5  50 

4  29 

6  31 

5  55 

4  17 

28 

Fr 

6  39 

5  48 

5  12 

6  37 

5  49 

5     9 

6  35 

5  51 

5     7 

6  30 

5  56 

4  58 

SUN    ON    MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINGTON. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  op 

Month 

H.        M.         S. 

Month 

H.         M.         S 

Month 

H.        M.         S. 

Month 

h.      m.      s. 

Month 

H.        M.        8. 

1 

12  13  40 

7 

12  14   16 

13 

12  14  23 

19 

12   14     2 

25 

12  13  18 

2 

12  13  48 

8 

12  14   19 

14 

12   14  21 

20 

12   13  56 

26 

12  13     8 

3 

12  13  55 

9 

12  14  21 

15 

12  14   19 

21 

12  13  50 

27 

12  12  58 

4 

12  14     2 

10 

12   14  23 

16 

12   14   16 

22 

12   13  43 

28 

12  12  47 

5 

12  14     7 

11 

12  14  24 

17 

12   14   12 

23 

12   13  35 

6 

12  14   12 

12 

12   14  24 

18 

12   14     7 

-24 

12   13  27 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

Feb. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Feb. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Feb. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

H.     M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.       M. 

h.    m.. 

Boston 

1 

5  38 

6  51 

11 

5  28 

7        1 

21 

5   15 

7  13 

New  York 

1 

5  37 

6  51 

11 

5  27 

7     2 

21 

5   15 

7   13 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

5  36 

6  52 

11 

5  27 

7     3 

21 

5   15 

7   13 

Charleston 

1 

5  31 

6  57 

11 

5  24 

7     5 

21 

5  15 

7  13 

5d  Month. 

MARCH,  1919. 

31  Days. 

.c" 

a 
o 

o 

s 

1 

o 

*^ 

O        ^ 
>> 

Calendar  for 

BOSTON, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut, 

Peunsylvauia,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

a 

SVN 

Rtsas. 

Stjn 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.  4  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.  i  s. 

1 

Sa 

H.      M. 

6  37 

H.      M. 

5  49 

H.      M. 

5  45 

n.    M, 
6  36 

H.      M, 

5  50 

H.      M. 

5  44 

H.      M. 

-  6  34 

H.      M. 

5  52 

H.      M. 

5  42 

H.      M 

6  29 

H.      M 

5  56 

H.      M. 

5  36 

2 

S 

6  35 

5  50 

sets. 

6  34 

5  51 

sets. 

6  33 

5  53 

sets. 

6  28 

5  57 

sets. 

3 

M 

6  34 

5  51 

7  43 

6  32 

5  53 

7  42 

6  31 

5  54 

7  42 

6  27 

5  58 

7  39 

4 

Tu 

6  32 

5  53 

8  58 

6  31 

5  54 

8  56 

6  30 

5  55 

8  54 

6  25 

5  59 

8  47 

5 

W 

6  30 

5  54 

10  13 

6  29 

5  55 

10  10 

6  28 

5  56 

10    7 

6  24 

6     0 

9  56 

6 

Th 

6  29 

5  55 

11  26 

6  28 

5  56 

11  22 

6  27 

5  57 

11  18 

6  23 

6     0 

11     4 

7 

Fr 

6  27 

5  56 

A.M. 

6  26 

5  57 

A.M. 

6  25 

5  58 

A.M. 

6  22 

6     1 

A.M. 

8 

Sa 

6  26 

5  57 

12  34 

6  25 

5  58 

12  30 

6  24 

5  59 

12  25 

6  21 

6     2 

12    8 

9 

S 

6  24 

5  58 

1  36 

6  23 

5  59 

1  31 

6  22 

6     0 

1  26 

6  19 

6     3 

1  10 

10 

M 

6  22 

u 

2  29 

6  21 

6    0 

2  25 

6  21 

6     1 

2  20 

6  18 

6     4 

2    4 

11 

Tu 

6  21 

3  14 

6  20 

6    2 

3  10 

6  19 

6     2 

3    6 

6  17 

6     4 

2  52 

12 

W 

6  19 

6    2 

3  52 

6  18 

6    3 

3  49 

6  18 

6    3 

3  46 

6  16 

6     5 

3  35 

13 

Th 

6  17 

6    3 

4  25 

6  16 

6    4 

4  23 

6  16 

6    4 

4  20 

6  14 

6     6 

4  12 

14 

Fr 

6  16 

6    4 

4  54 

6  15 

6     5 

4  53 

6  14 

6    5 

4  52 

6  13 

6    6 

4  47 

15 

Sa 

6  14 

6    6 

5  21 

6  13 

6     6 

5  20 

6  13 

6    6 

5  20 

6  12 

6    7 

5  19 

16 

S 

6  12 

6    7 

rises . 

6  12 

6    7 

rises. 

6  11 

6    7 

rises . 

6  10 

6    8 

rises . 

17 

M 

6  10 

6    8 

7  29 

6  10 

6    8 

7  28 

6  10 

6    8 

7  26 

6    9 

6    9 

7  20 

18 

Tu 

6    8 

6    9 

8  28 

6    8 

6    9 

8  26 

6    8 

6    9 

8  24 

6    8 

6    9 

8  15 

19 

^N 

6    7 

"6  10 

9  28 

6    7 

6  10 

9  24 

6    7 

6  10 

9  21 

6    6 

6  10 

9    9 

20 

Th 

6    5 

6  11 

10  25 

6    5 

6  11 

10  22 

6    5 

6  11 

10  17 

6    5 

6  11 

10    3 

21 

Fr 

6    3 

6  12 

11  21 

6    3 

6  12 

11  17 

6    4 

6  12 

11  12 

6    4 

6  12 

10  57 

22 

Sa 

6    2 

6  14 

A.M. 

6    2 

6  13 

A.M. 

6    2 

6  13 

A.M. 

6    2 

6  12 

11  49 

23 

S 

6    0 

6  15 

12  15 

6    0 

6  14 

12  10 

6    0 

6  14 

12    5 

6     1 

6  13 

A.M. 

24 

M 

5  58 

6  16 

1    4 

5  58 

6  16 

1     0 

5  59 

6  15 

12  54 

6    0 

6  14 

12  38 

25 

Tu 

5  56 

6  17 

1  49 

5  57 

6  17 

1  45 

5  57 

6  16 

1  40 

5  59 

6  14 

1  25 

26 

W 

5  55 

6  18 

2  30 

5  55 

6  18 

2  26 

5  56 

6  17 

2  22 

5  57 

6  15 

2    8 

27 

Th 

5  53 

6  19 

3    6 

5  54 

6  19 

3    3 

5  54 

6  18 

3    0 

5  56 

6  16 

2  49 

28 

Fr 

5  51 

6  20 

3  40 

5  52 

6  20 

3  38 

5  53 

6  19 

3  36 

5  55 

6  16 

3  28 

29 

Sa 

5  50 

6  21 

4  12 

5  50 

6  21    4  11 

5  51 

6  20 

4  10 

5  53 

6  17 

4     6 

30 

S 

5  48 

6  23 

4  42 

5  48 

6  22    4  43 

5  49 

6  21 

4  43 

5  52 

6  18 

4  43 

31 

M 

5  46    6  24 

sets. 

5  47 

6  23  sets. 

5  48 

6  22 

sets. 

5  51 

6  18 

sets. 

SUN  ON   MERIDIAN    OF    WASHiNCTON. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H. 

M.        S. 

Month 

H. 

M.         8. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

1 

12  12  36 

8 

12  11     5 

14 

12 

9  30 

20 

12 

7  46 

26 

12     5  57 

2 

12  12  25 

9 

12  10  50 

15 

12 

9  13 

21 

12 

7  28 

27 

12     5  38 

3 

12  12  12 

10 

12  10  34 

16 

12 

8  56 

22 

12 

7  10 

28 

12     5  20 

4 

12  12     0 

11 

12  10  19 

,17 

12 

8  39 

23 

12 

6  52 

29 

12     5     2 

5 

12  11  47 

12 

12  10     3 

18 

12 

8  21 

24 

12 

6  33 

30 

12     4  44 

6 

12  11  33 

13 

12     9  47 

19 

12 

8     4 

25 

12 

6  15 

31 

12     4  25 

7 

12  11   19 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

Mar. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Mar. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Mar. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Enos,  P.M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

h'     m. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

Boston.. .  . 

1 

5     S 

7  23 

11 

4  46 

7  35 

21 

4  28 

7  47 

New  York 

1 

5     4 

7  22 

11 

4  48 

7  33 

21 

4  31 

7  45 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

5     5 

7  21 

11 

4  50 

7  31 

21 

4  34 

7  42 

Charleston 

1 

5     7 

7  19 

11 

4  54 

7  27 

21 

4  41 

7  34 

4th  Month. 

APRIL,  1919. 

30  Days. 

A* 
§ 

1 

o 

& 

Calendar  lor 

BOSTON, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Daltota, 

Waslilngton,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

0 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

MOON 
R.   &   S. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

MOON 
R.    i   S. 

H.      M. 

7  44 

Sun 
Rises. 

SUN 
Sets. 

MOON 
R.  i  S. 

1 

Tu 

H.      M. 

5  44 

H.      M. 

6  25 

H.'     M. 

7  49 

H.      M. 

5  45 

H.      >t. 

6  24 

H.      M. 

7  47 

H.      M. 

5  46 

H.      M. 

6  23 

H.      M. 

5  50 

H.      M. 

6  19 

H.      M. 

7  35 

2 

W 

5  43 

6  26 

9    6 

5  44 

6  25 

9    2 

5  45 

6  24 

8  59 

5  48 

6  20 

8  46 

3 

Th 

5  41 

6  27 

10  19 

5  42 

6  26 

10  15 

5  43 

6  25 

10  10 

5  47 

6  21 

9  55 

4 

Fr 

5  39 

6  28 

11  26 

5  40 

6  27 

11  21 

5  42 

6  26 

11  16 

5  46 

6  21 

11    0 

5 

Sa 

5  37 

6  29 

A.M. 

5  39 

6  28 

A.M. 

540 

.6  27 

A.M. 

5  44 

6  22 

11  58 

6 

S 

5  36 

6  30 

12  23 

5  37 

6  29 

12  19 

5  38 

6  27 

12  14 

5  43 

6  23 

A.M. 

7 

I\I 

5  34 

6  32 

1  12 

5  35 

6  30 

1    8 

5  37 

6  28 

1     4 

5  42 

6  24 

12  50 

8 

Tu 

5  33 

6  33 

1  53 

5  34 

6  31 

1  49 

5  35 

6  29 

1  46 

5  40 

6  24 

1  34 

9 

W 

5  31 

6  34 

2  28 

5  32 

6  32 

2  25 

5  34 

6  30 

2  22 

5  39 

6  25 

2  13 

10 

Th 

5  29 

6  35 

2  57 

5  31 

6  33 

>2  56 

5  32 

6  31 

2  54 

5  38 

6  26 

2  49 

11 

Fi- 

5  27 

6  36 

3  25 

5  29 

6  34 

3  24 

5  31 

6  32 

3  24 

5  36 

6  26 

3  21 

12 

Sa 

5  26 

6  37 

3  50 

5  27 

6  35 

3  51 

5  29 

6  33 

3  51 

5  35 

6  27 

3  52 

13 

S 

5  24 

6  38 

4  16 

5  26 

6  36 

4  17 

5  28 

6  34 

4  18 

5  34 

6  28 

4  22 

14 

M 

5  22 

6  39 

4  42 

5  24 

6  38 

441 

5  26 

6  35 

4  46 

5  33 

6  28 

4  53 

15 

Tu 

5  21 

6  40 

rises . 

5  23 

6  39 

rises. 

5  25 

6  36 

rises. 

5  32 

6  29 

rises. 

16 

W 

5  19 

6  42 

8  18 

5  21 

6  40 

8  14 

5  23 

6  37 

8  10 

5  30 

6  30 

7  57 

17 

Th 

5  17 

6  43 

9  14 

5  20 

6  41 

9  10 

5  22 

6  38 

9     6 

5  29 

6  30 

8  51 

18 

Fr 

5  16 

6  44 

10    8 

5  18 

6  42 

10    4 

5  21 

6  39 

9  59 

5  28 

6  31 

9  43 

19 

Sa 

5  14 

6  45 

10  59 

5  16 

6  43 

10  54 

5  19 

6  40 

10  49 

5  27 

6  32 

10.33 

20 

S 

5  13 

6  46 

11  45 

5  15 

6  44 

11  40 

5  18 

6  41 

11  35 

5  26 

6  33 

11  20 

21 

M 

5  11 

6  47 

A.M. 

5  14 

6  45 

A.M. 

5  16 

6  42 

a.m: 

5  25 

6  33 

A.M. 

22 

Tu 

5  10 

6  48 

12  26 

5  12 

6  46 

12  22 

5  15 

6  43 

12  18 

5  24 

6  34 

12    4 

23 

W 

5     8 

6  50 

1     3 

5  11 

6  47 

1     0 

5  14 

6  44 

12  56 

5  22 

6  35 

12  44 

24 

Th 

5    7 

6  51 

1  37 

5     9 

6  48 

1  34 

5  12 

6  45 

1  32 

5  21 

6  36 

1  23 

25 

Fr 

5     5 

6  52 

2    8 

5    8 

6  49 

2    7 

5  11 

6  46 

2    5 

5  20 

6  37 

2    0 

26 

Sa 

5    4 

6  53 

2  38 

5    6 

6  50 

2  38 

5  10 

6  47 

2  38 

5  19 

6  37 

2  36- 

27 

S 

5     2 

6  54 

3    9 

5     5 

6  51 

3  10 

5     8 

6  48 

3  11 

5  18 

6  38 

3  13 

28 

M 

5     1 

6  55 

3  42 

5    4 

6  52 

3  44 

5     7 

6  49 

3  46 

5  17 

6  38 

3  52 

29 

Tu 

4  59 

6  56 

4  18 

5     2 

6  53 

4  21 

5     6 

6  50 

4  25 

5  16 

6  39 

4  35 

30 

W      , 

-4  58 

6  57 

sets. 

5     1 

6  54 

sets. 

5     4 

6  51 

sets. 

5  15 

6  40 

sets. 

SUN 

ON    MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINGTON. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month 

H. 

M.         S. 

Month 

H. 

M.         S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.         M.         S. 

Month 

H.        M.        3. 

1 

12 

4     7 

7 

12 

2  21 

13 

12     0  42 

19 

11   59   14 

25 

11   58     1 

2 

12 

3  49 

8 

12 

2     4 

14 

12     0   27 

20 

11   59      1 

26 

11   57  51 

3 

12 

3  32 

9 

12 

1  47 

15 

12     0  12 

21 

11   58  48 

27 

11  57  41 

4 

12 

3  14 

10 

12 

1  31 

16 

11  59  57 

22 

11   58  36 

28 

11   57  31 

5 

12 

2  56 

11 

12 

1   14 

17 

11  59  42 

23 

11   58   24 

29 

11  57  22 

6 

12 

2  39 

12 

12 

0  58 

18 

11  59  28 

24 

11   58   12 

30 

11   57  14 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

Apr. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Apr. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Apr. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

h.    m. 

H.      M. 

h.     m. 

h.     m. 

h.    m. 

h.    m. 

Boston — 

1 

4     7 

8     2 

11 

3  47 

8   16 

21 

3  27 

8  32 

New  York 

1 

4  10 

7  58 

11 

3  51 

8   12 

21 

3  32 

8  26 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

4  14 

7  54 

11 

3  57 

8     7 

21 

3  39 

8  20 

Charleston 

1 

4  25 

7  43 

11 

4  11 

7  52 

21 

3  57 

8     2 

5th  Month. 

MAY 

,  1919. 

31  Days. 

1 

A! 

HI 

5 

o 
>> 

0 

Calendar  for 

Boston,          * 

New  England, 

N.  Y,  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

>> 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

MOON 
R.    &   S. 

Sun 

RISES. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
n.  &  s. 

Sun 

RISES . 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

MOOli 
H.   &   8, 

1 

Th 

H.      M. 

4  56 

H.      M. 

6  58 

H.      M. 

9     6 

H.      M. 

5     0 

H.      M. 

6  55 

H.     M. 

9     2 

H.      M. 

5    3 

H.      M. 

6  52 

H.      M. 

8  57 

H.      M. 

5  14 

H.      M. 

6  41 

H.      M. 

8  41 

2 

Fr 

4  55 

7     0 

10  10 

4  58 

6  56 

10    6 

5     2 

6  53 

10     1 

5  13 

6  41 

9  44 

3 

Sa 

4  54 

7     1 

11     5 

4  57 

6  57 

11     1 

5     1 

6  53 

10  56 

5  12 

6  42 

10  41 

4 

S 

4  52 

7    2 

11  50 

4  56 

6  58 

11  46 

5     0 

6  54 

11  42 

5  11 

6  43 

11  30 

5 

M 

4  51 

7    3 

A.M. 

4  54 

6  59 

A.M. 

4  59 

6  55 

A.M. 

5  10 

6  43 

A.M. 

6 

Tu 

4  50 

7    4 

12  28 

4  53 

7    0 

12  25 

4 '57 

6  56 

12  22 

5     9 

6  44 

12  12 

7 

W 

4  48 

7    5 

1    0 

4  52 

7     1 

12  58 

4  56 

6  57 

12  56 

5     8 

6  45 

12  49 

8 

Th 

4-47 

7    6 

1  28 

4  51 

7    2 

1  27 

4  55 

6  58 

1  26 

5    8 

6  46 

1  23 

9 

Fr 

4  46 

7    7 

1  54 

4  50 

7    3 

1  54 

4  54 

6  59 

1  55 

5    7 

6  46 

1  54 

10 

Sa 

4  45 

7    8 

2  20 

4  49 

7    4 

2  21 

4  53 

7    0 

2  22 

5    6 

6  47 

2  25 

11 

S 

4  44 

7  10 

2  46 

4  48 

7     5 

2  48 

4  52 

7     1 

2  50 

5    5 

6  48 

2  56 

12 

M 

4  43 

7  11 

3  13 

4  47 

7    6 

3  16 

4  51 

7    2 

3  19 

5    4 

6  49 

3  28 

1-3 

Tu 

4  42 

7  12 

3  42 

4  46 

7    7 

3  46 

4  50 

7    3 

3  50 

5    3 

6  49 

4    1 

14 

W 

4  40 

7  13 

rises. 

4  45 

7    8 

rises . 

4  49 

7    4 

rises . 

5     3 

6  50 

rises. 

15 

Th 

4  39 

7  14 

8     4 

4  44 

7    9 

7  59 

4  48 

7    5 

7  54 

5     2 

6  51 

7  39 

IG 

Fr 

4  38 

7  15 

8  56 

4  43 

7  10 

8  51 

4  47 

7    6 

8  46 

5     1 

6  52 

8  30 

17 

Sa 

4  37 

7  16 

9  43 

4  42 

7  11 

9  38 

4  46 

7    7 

9  33 

5    0 

6  52 

9  18 

18 

S 

4  36 

7  17 

10  25 

4  41 

7  12 

10  21 

4  46 

7    7 

10  17 

5     0 

6  53 

10    2 

19 

M 

4  35 

7  18 

11     4 

4  40 

7  13 

11     0 

4  45 

7    8 

10  56 

4  59 

6  54 

10  44 

20 

Tu 

4  34 

7  19 

11  38 

4  39 

7  14 

11  35 

4  44 

7     9 

11  32 

4  58 

6  54 

11  22 

21 

W 

4  34 

7  20 

A.M. 

4  38 

7  15 

A.M. 

4  43 

7  10 

A.M. 

4  58 

6  55 

11  58 

22 

Th 

4  33 

7  21 

12     9 

4  37 

7  16 

12    7 

4  42 

7  11 

12    5 

4  57 

6  56 

A.M. 

23 

Fr 

4  32 

7  22 

12  38 

4  37 

7  17 

12  38 

4  42 

7  12 

12  37 

4  57 

6  56 

12  33 

24 

Sa 

4  31 

7  23 

1     8 

4  36 

7  18 

1     8 

4  41 

7  13 

1     8 

4  56 

6  57 

1    9 

25 

S 

4  30 

7  24 

1  38 

4  35 

7  19 

1  40 

4  40 

7  13 

1  41 

4  56 

6  57 

1  45 

26 

M 

4  30 

7  24 

2  11 

4  35 

7  19 

2  14 

4  40 

7  14 

2  17 

4  55 

6  58 

2  25 

27 

Tu 

4  29 

7  25 

2  49 

4  34 

7  20 

2  53 

4  39 

7  15 

2  57 

4  55 

6  58 

3    9 

28 

W 

4  28 

7  26 

3  34 

4  33 

7  21 

3  38 

4  39 

7  16 

3  44 

4  54 

6  59 

3  58 

29 

Th 

4  28 

7  27 

sets. 

4  33 

7  22 

sets. 

4  38 

7  17 

sets. 

4  54 

7    0 

sets. 

30 

Fr 

4  27 

7  28 

8  50 

4  32 

7  23 

8  46 

4  38 

7  17 

8  41 

4  54 

7     1 

8  25 

31 

Sa 

4  26 

7  29 

9  42 

4  32 

7  23 

9  38 

4  37 

7  18 

9  33 

4  53 

7    2 

9  19 

SUN    ON    MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINGTON. 

Day  OF 

Day  OP 

Day  OF 

Day  or 

Day  of 

MONTH 

H.        M.         S. 

MONTH 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

h.      m.      s. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S, 

1 

11  57     6 

8 

11  56  25 

14 

11   56   11 

20 

11  56  18 

26 

11  56  46 

2 

11  56  58 

9 

11  56  21 

15 

11   56  U 

21 

11  56  21 

27 

11  56  52 

3 

11  56  51 

10 

11  56  18 

.  16 

11   56  11 

22 

11   56  25 

28 

11  56  59 

4 

11  56  45 

11 

11  56  16 

17 

11   56   12 

23 

11  56  29 

29 

11  57     6 

5 

11  56  39 

12 

11  56  14 

18 

11   56   14 

24 

11  56  34 

30 

11  57  14 

6 

11  56  34 

13 

11  56  12 

19 

11   56   16 

25 

11  56  40 

31 

11  57  22 

7 

11  56  29 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

May. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

May. 

Begins,  A.M . 

Ends,  P.M. 

May. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends,  P.M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

h.    m. 

h.     m. 

Boston.. . . 

1 

3     7 

8  48 

11 

2  48 

9     5 

21 

2  32 

9  22 

New  York 

1 

3  14 

8  41 

11 

2  57 

8  56 

21 

2  42 

9  11 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

3  22 

8  33 

n 

3     6 

8  47 

21 

2  53 

9     1 

Charleston 

1 

3  43 

8  12 

11 

3  31 

8  22 

21 

3  2i 

8  32 

6th  Month. 

JUNE,  1919. 

30  Days. 

§ 

o 

1 

a 

Calendar  for 

BOSTON, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Wasliington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Caleffdar  for 

AVashington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston,     , 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

Q 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 

SBT8. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

SUN 

Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets; 

MOON 
R.    &    8. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

MOON 
R.   &  S. 

1 

s 

H.      M. 

4  26 

H.      M. 

7  30 

H.      M. 

10  24 

H.      M. 

4  31 

H.      M. 

7  24 

H.      M. 

10  20 

H.      M. 

4  37 

H.      M. 

7  19 

H.      M. 

10  17 

H.      M. 

4  53 

H.      M. 

7    2 

H.      M. 

10    6 

2 

M 

4  25 

7  30 

10  59 

4  31 

7  25 

10  57 

4  36 

7  19 

10  54 

4  53 

7    3 

10  46 

3 

Tu 

4  25 

7  31 

11  30 

4  30 

7  26 

11  29 

4  36 

7  20 

11  27 

4  53 

7    3 

11  23 

4 

W 

4  24 

7  32 

11  57 

4  30 

7  26 

11  57 

4  36 

7  21 

11  57 

4  52 

7    4 

11  56 

5 

Th 

4  24 

7  32 

A.M. 

4  30 

7  27 

A.M. 

4  35 

7  21 

A.M. 

4  52 

7    4 

A.M. 

6 

Fr 

4  24 

7  33 

12  23 

4  29 

7  28 

12  24 

4  35 

7  22 

12  25 

4  52 

7    5 

12  27 

7 

Sa 

4  24 

7  34 

12  49 

4  29 

7  28 

12  51 

4  35 

7  23 

12  53 

4  52 

7    5 

12  58 

8 

S 

4  23 

7  34 

1  16 

4  29 

7  29 

1  18 

4  34 

7  23 

1  21 

4  52 

7    6 

1  29 

9 

M 

4  23 

7  35 

1  44 

4  28 

7  30 

1  48 

4  34 

7  24 

1  51 

4  52 

7    6 

2    2 

10 

Tu 

4  23 

7  36 

2  16 

4  28 

7  30 

2  20 

4  34 

7  24 

2  25 

4  52 

7    7 

2  38 

11 

W 

4  23 

7  38 

2  52 

4  28 

7  31 

2  57 

4  34 

7  25 

3    2 

4  51 

7    7 

3  17 

12 

Th 

4  22 

7  37 

3  33 

4  28 

7  31 

3  38 

4  34 

7  25 

3  44 

4  51 

7    8 

4    0 

13 

Fr 

4  22 

7  37 

rises. 

4  28 

7  32 

rises. 

4  34 

7  20 

rises. 

4  51 

7    8 

rises . 

14 

Sa 

4  22 

«7  38 

8  25 

4  28 

7  32 

8  21 

4  34 

7  26 

8  16 

4  51 

7    9 

8     1 

15 

S 

4  22 

7  38 

9    5 

4  28 

7  32 

9     1 

4  34 

7  27 

8  57 

4  51 

7    9 

8  44 

16 

M 

4  22 

7  38 

9  40 

4  28 

7  33 

9  37 

4  34 

7  27 

9  34 

4  52 

7     9 

9  23 

17 

Tu 

4  22 

7  39 

10  12 

4  28 

7  33 

10  10 

4  34 

7  27 

10    8 

4  52 

7  10 

10    0 

18 

W 

4  22 

7  39 

10  42 

4  28 

7  34 

10  41 

4  34 

7  28 

10  39 

4  52 

7  10 

10  35 

19 

Th 

4  22 

7  40 

11  11 

4  28 

7  34 

11  11 

4  34 

7  28 

11  10 

4  52 

7  10 

11     9 

20 

Fr 

4  22 

7  40 

11  40 

4  28 

7  34 

11  41 

4  34 

7  28 

11  42 

4  52 

7  10 

11  44 

21 

Sa 

4  23 

7  40 

A.M. 

4  28 

7  34 

A.M. 

4  34 

7  28 

A.M. 

4  52 

7  11 

A.M. 

22 

S 

4  23 

7  40 

12  11 

4  28 

7  35 

12  13 

4  34 

7  29 

12  15 

4  52 

7  11 

12  16 

23 

M 

4  23 

7  40 

12  45 

4  29 

7  35 

12  48 

4  35 

7  29 

12  52 

4  52 

7  11 

1    2 

24 

Tu 

4  23 

7  41 

1  25 

4  29 

7  35 

1  29 

4  35 

7  29 

1  34 

4  53 

7  11 

1  47 

25 

W 

4  24 

7  41 

2  12 

4  29 

7  35 

2  17 

4  35 

7  29 

2  22 

4  53 

7  11 

2  38 

26 

Th 

4  24 

7  41 

3    7 

4  30 

7  35 

3  13 

4  36 

7  29 

3  19 

4  53 

7  12 

3  36 

27 

Fr 

4  24 

7  41 

sets. 

4  30 

7  35 

sets. 

4  36 

7  29 

sets. 

4  54 

7  12 

sets. 

28 

Sa 

4  25 

7  41 

8  16 

4  30 

7  35 

8  12 

4  36 

7  29 

8    8 

4  54 

7  12 

7  55 

29 

S 

4  25 

7  41 

8  55 

4  31 

7  35 

8  52 

4  37 

7  29 

8  49 

4  54 

7  12 

8  40 

30 

M 

4  26 

7  41 

9  29 

4  31 

7  35 

9  27 

4  37 

7  29 

9  25 


4  55 

7  12 

9  19 

SUN   ON   MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINGTON. 

Day  of 

OAY  OF 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month 

H.        M.         B. 

Month 

a.      M.      B. 

Month 

H.         M.         S. 

MONTH 

H. 

M.         S. 

MONTH 

H. 

M.        8. 

1 

11  57  31 

7 

11  58  30 

13 

11  59  40 

19 

12 

0  56 

25 

12 

2  14 

2 

11  57  40 

8 

11   58  41 

14 

11   59  52 

20 

12 

1     9 

26 

12 

2  27 

3 

11  57  49 

9 

11  58  53 

15 

12     0     5 

21 

12 

1   22 

27 

12 

2  40 

4 

11  57  59 

10 

11  59     4 

16 

12     0  18 

22 

12 

1   35 

28 

12 

2  53 

5 

11  58     9 

11 

11  59  16 

17 

12     0  30 

23 

12 

1   48 

29 

12 

3     5 

6 

11  58  20 

[     12 

111  59  28 

18 

12     0  43 

24 

12 

2     1 

30 

12 

3  17 

TWILIGHT. 


Places. 

June. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

June. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

June. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends.  P.M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

Boston 

1 

2   18 

9  38 

11 

2     10 

9  50 

21 

2      8 

9  55 

New  York 

1 

2  29 

9  26 

11 

2  23 

9  36 

21 

2    22 

9  41 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

2  42 

9   14 

11 

2  36 

9  23 

21 

2  35 

9  28 

Charleston 

1 

3  14 

8  42 

11 

3  10 

8  49 

21 

3   10 

8  53 

7th  Month. 

JULY,  1919. 

31  Di 

lys. 

or 

JN, 

)ama, 

cansas, 

fexlco, 

nd 

fornla. 

§ 

a) 

s 
■3 

i 

s 

Q 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State. 

Michigan',  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  Citt, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania.  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentuelsy, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar 

CHARLESTt 

Georgia,  Alat 

Louisiana,  Art 

Texas,  New  IV 

Arizona,  a 

Southern  Call 

Sun 
Rises  . 

SC/N 

Sets. 

MOON 

R.    ■!:    S. 

Sun- 
rises. 

SCJN 

Sets. 

Moon 
a.  &  s. 

Sun 

RISES. 

Sun 
Sets. 

IM  0  0  N 
B.    &    S. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 

SKTS. 

Moon 
n.  &  8. 

1 

Tu 

H.      M. 

4  26 

H.      M. 

7  41 

H.      M. 

9  58 

H.      M. 

4  32 

H.      M. 

7  35 

H.      M. 

9  58 

H.      M. 

4  38 

H.      M. 

7  29 

n.    M. 
9  57 

H.      M. 

4  55 

H.      M. 

7  12 

H.      M. 

9  54 

2 

W 

4  27 

7  40 

10  26 

4  32 

7  35 

10  26 

4  38 

7  29 

10  26 

4  56 

7  12 

10  27 

3 

Th 

4  27 

7  40 

10  52 

4  S3 

7  35 

10  53 

4  38 

7  29 

10  54 

4  56 

7  12 

10  58 

4 

Fr 

4  28 

7  40 

11  18 

4  33 

7  35 

11  20 

4  39 

7  29 

11  23 

4  56 

7  12 

11  30 

5 

Sa 

4  28 

7  40 

11  46 

4  34 

7  34 

11  49 

4  40 

7  29 

11  53 

4  57 

7  12 

A.M. 

6 

S 

4  29 

7  40 

A.M. 

4  34 

7  34 

A.M. 

4  40 

7  29 

A.M. 

4  57 

7  11 

12    3 

7 

M 

4  30 

7  39 

12  17 

4  35 

7  34 

12  21 

4  41 

7  28 

12  25 

4  58 

7  11 

12  37 

8 

Tu 

4  30 

7  39 

12  51 

4  36 

7  34 

12  56 

4  41 

7  28 

1     1 

4  58 

7  11 

1  15 

9 

W 

4  31 

7  39 

1  30 

4  36 

7  33 

1  35 

4  42 

7  28 

1  41 

4  59 

7  11 

1  57 

10 

Th 

4  32 

7  38 

2  15 

4  37 

7  33 

2  20 

4  42 

7  27 

2  26 

4  59 

7  11 

2  43 

11 

Fr 

4  32 

7  38 

3     5 

4  38 

7  32 

3  11 

4  43 

7  27 

3  16 

5     0 

7  10 

3  33 

12 

Sa 

4  33 

7  37 

4     1 

4  38 

7  32 

4    6 

4  44 

7  27 

4  12 

5     0 

7  10 

4  28 

13 

S 

4  34 

7  37 

rises . 

4  39 

7  32 

nses . 

4  44 

7  26 

rises. 

5     1 

7  10 

rises. 

14 

M 

4  35 

7  37 

8  15 

4  40 

7  31 

8  13 

4  45 

7  26 

8  10 

5     2 

7     9 

8     1 

15 

Tu 

4  35 

7  36 

8  46 

4  40 

7  30 

8  45 

4  46 

7  25 

8  43 

5     2 

7     9 

8  38 

16 

W 

4  36 

7.35 

9  16 

4  41 

7  30 

9  15 

4  47 

7  25 

9  14 

5     3 

7    9 

9  12 

17 

Th 

4  37 

7  34 

9  44 

4  42 

7  29 

9  45 

4  47 

7  24 

9  46 

5     3 

7    8 

9  47 

18 

Fr 

4  38 

7  33 

10  14 

4  43 

7  29 

10  16 

4  48 

7  23 

10  18 

5     4 

7    8 

10  23 

19 

Sa 

4  39 

7  33 

10  47 

4  44 

7  28 

10  50 

4  49 

7  23 

10  53 

5     4 

7    7 

11     1 

20 

S 

4  40 

7  32 

11  24 

4  44 

7  28 

11  28 

4  50 

7  22 

11  32 

5     5 

7    7 

11  44 

21 

M 

4  40 

7  31 

A.M. 

4  45 

7  27 

A.M. 

4  50 

7  21 

A.M. 

5     6 

7    6 

A.M. 

22 

Tu 

4  41 

7  30 

12    6 

4  46 

7  26 

12  11 

4  51 

7  21 

12  16 

5     6 

7    6 

12  31 

23 

W 

4  42 

7  30 

12  57 

4  47 

7  26 

1     2 

4  52 

7  20 

1     8 

5     7 

7    5 

1  24 

24 

Th 

4  43 

7  29 

1  55 

4  48 

7  25 

2    0 

4  53 

7  19 

2    6 

5    8 

7    5 

2  24 

25 

Fr 

4  44 

7  28 

3     0 

4  49 

7  24 

3    5 

4  54 

-7  18 

3  11 

5    8 

7    4 

3  27 

26 

Sa 

4  45 

7  27 

4     9 

4  50 

7  23 

4  13 

4  55 

7  18 

4  18 

5     9 

7    3 

4  32 

27 

S 

4  46 

7  26 

set.s' . 

4  51 

7  22 

sets. 

4  55 

7  17 

sets. 

5  10 

,7    3 

sets. 

28 

M 

4  47 

7  25 

7  57 

4  52 

7  21 

7  56 

4  56 

7  16 

7  55 

5  10 

7    2 

7  50 

29 

Tu 

4  48 

7  24 

8  26 

4  52 

7  20 

8  26 

4  57 

7  15 

8  26 

5  11 

7     1 

8  24 

30 

W 

4  49 

7  23 

8  53 

4  53 

7  19 

8  54 

4  58 

7  14 

8  55 

5  12 

7    0 

8  57 

31 

Th 

[  4  50 

7  22 

9  20 

4  54 

7  18 

9  22 

4  59 

7  13 

9  24 

5  I2I  7     0 

9  29 

SUN    ON    MERIDIAN 

OF    WASHINGTON. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  op 

Day  of 

Month 

H. 

M.        8. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H. 

M.        S. 

Month 
20 

H. 

M.        S. 

Month 

H. 

M.        S. 

1 

12 

3  29 

8 

12     4  44 

14 

12 

5  34 

12 

6     6 

26 

12 

6  20 

2 

12 

3  41 

9 

12     4  54 

15 

12 

5  41 

21 

12 

6  10 

27 

12 

6  20 

3 

12 

3  52 

10 

12     5     3 

16 

12 

5  47 

22 

12 

6  13 

28 

12 

6  20 

4 

12 

4     3 

11 

12     5  11 

17 

12 

5  52 

23 

12 

6  16 

29 

12 

6  19 

5 

12 

4  14 

12 

12     5  19 

18 

12 

5  68 

24 

12 

6  18 

30 

12 

6  17 

6 

12 

4  25 

13 

12     5  27 

19 

12 

6     2 

25 

12 

6  19 

31 

12 

6  15 

7 

12 

4  35 

V 

TWILIGHT. 

. 

Places. 

July. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

July. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends,  P.M. 

July. 

Begins,  A  .u. 

Ends,  P.M. 

H.      M. 

H.     M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.     M. 

Boston.. . . 

1 

2  13 

9  54 

11 

2  24 

9  46 

21 

2  38 

9  34 

New  York 

1 

2  26 

9  40 

11 

2  36 

9  34 

21 

2  49 

9  23 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

2  40 

9  27 

11 

2  48 

9  22 

21 

3     0 

9  12 

Charleston 

1 

3   14 

8  33 

11 

3  20 

8  50 

21 

3  29 

8  43 

- 

8th  Month, 

AUGUST,  1919. 

81  Days. 

f 

1 
1 

Calendar  for 

BOSTON, 

New  England, 

.      N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  Citt, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  Californta. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

'    Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  Calilornia. 

1 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.    &   8. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  a. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.    4   8. 

1 

Fr 

H.      M. 

4  51 

H.      M. 

7  21 

H       M. 

9  48 

H.     M. 

4  55 

H.      M. 

7  16 

H.      M. 

9  51 

H.      M. 

5    0 

H.      M. 

7  12 

H.      M. 

9  54 

H.      M. 

5  13 

H.      M. 

6  59 

H.      M. 

10    2 

2 

Sa 

4  52 

7  19 

10  18 

4  56 

7  15 

10  21 

5     1 

7  11 

10  25 

5  14 

6  58 

10  36 

3 

S 

4  53 

7  18 

10  50 

4  57 

7  14 

10  55 

5     2 

7  10 

10  59 

5  14 

6  57 

11  13 

4 

M 

4  54 

7  17 

11  27 

4  58 

7  13 

11  32 

5    2 

7    9 

11  37 

5  15 

6  56 

11  53 

5 

Tu 

4  55 

7  16 

A.M. 

4  59 

7  12 

A.M. 

5    8 

7    8 

A.M. 

5  16 

6  56 

A.M. 

6 

W 

4  56 

7  15 

12    9 

5    0 

7  11 

12  15 

5    4 

7.  7 

12  20 

5''l6 

6  55 

12  36 

7 

Th 

4  57 

7  13 

12  57 

5     1 

7  10 

1    2 

5    5 

7    6 

1    8 

5  17 

6  54 

1  25 

8 

Fr 

4  58 

7  12 

1  50 

5    2 

7    8 

1  56 

5    6 

7    5 

2    2 

5  18 

6  53 

2  18 

9 

Sa 

4  59 

7  11 

2  49 

5    3 

7    7 

2  54 

5    7 

7    3 

2  59 

5  18 

6  52 

3  14 

10 

S 

5    0 

7    9 

3  52 

5    4 

7    6 

3  56 

5    8 

7    2 

4    0 

5  19 

6  51 

4  12 

11 

M 

5    2 

7    8 

rises . 

5     5 

7    5 

rises. 

5    9 

7     1 

rises. 

5  20 

6  50 

rises. 

12 

Tu 

5    3 

7    7 

7  18 

5    6 

7    3 

7  17 

5  10 

7    0 

7  16 

5  21 

6  49 

7  13 

13 

W 

5    4 

7    5 

7  48 

5    7 

7    2 

7  48 

5  11 

6  59 

7  48 

5  21 

6  48 

7  48 

14 

Th    - 

5    5 

7    4 

8  18 

5    8 

7     1 

8  20 

5  11 

6  57 

8  21 

5  22 

6  47 

8  25 

15 

Fr 

5    6 

7    2 

8  50 

5    9 

6  59 

8  53 

5  12 

6  56 

8  56 

5  23 

6  46 

9    3 

16 

Sa 

5    7 

7    1 

9  26 

5  10 

6  58 

9  30 

5  13 

6  55 

9  33 

5  23 

6  45 

9  44 

17 

S 

5    8 

6  59 

10    7 

5  11 

6  56 

10  11 

5  14 

6  53 

10  16 

5  24 

6  44 

10  30 

18 

M 

5    9 

6  58 

10  54 

5  12 

6  55 

10  59 

5  15 

6  52 

11     4 

5  25 

6  43 

11  20 

19 

Tu 

5  10 

6  56 

11  48 

5  13 

6  54 

11  53 

5  16 

6  51 

11  59 

5  25 

6  42 

A.M. 

20 

W 

5  11 

6  55 

A.M. 

5  14 

6  52 

A.M. 

5  17 

6  49 

A.M. 

5  26 

6  40 

12  16 

21 

Th 

5  12 

6  53 

12  49 

5  15 

6  51 

12  54 

5  18 

6  48 

1     0 

5  27 

6  39 

1  16 

22 

Fr 

5  13 

6  52 

1  55 

5  16 

6  49 

2     0 

5  19 

6  46 

2    5 

5  27 

6  38 

2  19 

23 

Sa 

5  14 

6  50 

3    3 

5  17 

6  48 

3     7 

5  20 

6  45 

3  11 

5  28 

6  37 

3  23 

24 

S 

6  15 

6  49 

4  11 

5  18 

6  46 

4  14 

5  21 

6  44 

4  17 

5  29 

6  36 

4  26 

25 

M 

5  16 

6  47 

sets. 

5  19 

a  45 

sets. 

5  21 

6  42 

sets. 

5  29 

6  35 

sets. 

26 

Tu 

5  18 

6  46 

6  54 

5  20 

6  43 

6  55 

5  22 

6  41 

6  55 

5  30 

6  33 

6  56 

27 

W 

5  19 

6  44 

7  22 

5  21 

6  42 

7  23 

5  23 

6  39 

7  24 

5  31 

6  32 

7  28 

28 

Th 

5  20 

6  42 

7  49 

5  22 

6  40 

7  51 

5  24 

6  38 

7  54 

5  31 

6  31 

8     1 

29 

Fr 

5  21 

6  41 

8  18 

5  23 

6  39 

8  22 

5  25 

6  36 

8  25 

5  32 

6  30 

8  35 

30 

Sa 

5  22 

6  39 

8  50 

5  24 

6  37 

8  54 

5  26 

6  35 

8  58 

5  33 

6  28 

9  11 

31 

S 

5  23 

6  37 

9  25 

5  25 

6  35 

9  30 

5  27 

6  33 

9  35 

I  5  33 

6  27 

9  49 

SUN 

ON    MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINGTON. 

DAT  OF 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month 

H. 

M.        S. 

MONTH 

H. 

M.        S. 

Month 

h. 

M.,        B. 

Month 

H. 

M.        S. 

Month 

H.        U.        B. 

1 

12 

6  12 

8 

12 

5  35 

14 

12 

4  40 

20 

12 

3  26 

26 

12     1  55 

2 

12 

6     9 

9 

12 

5  27 

15 

12 

4  29 

21 

12 

3  12 

27 

12     1  38 

3 

12 

6     5 

10 

12 

5  19 

16 

12 

4  17 

22 

12 

2  57 

28 

12     1  21 

4 

12 

6     0 

11 

12 

5  10 

17 

12 

4     5 

23 

12 

2  42 

29 

12     1     4 

5 

12 

5  55 

12 

12 

5     1 

18  - 

12 

3  53 

24 

12 

2  27 

30 

12     0  46 

6 

12 

5  49 

13 

12 

4  51 

19 

12 

3  40 

25 

12 

2  11 

31 

12     0  28 

7 

12 

5  42 

1 

TWILICHT. 

Places. 

Aug. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Aug. 

Begins,  A.M . 

Ends,  P.M. 

Aug. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

h.    m. 

H.      M. 

H.     M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

Boston — 

1 

2  56 

9  16 

11 

3  12 

8  57 

21 

3  28 

8  37 

New  York 

1 

3     5 

9     7 

11 

3  21 

8  49 

21 

3  34 

8  31 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

3  14 

8  57 

11 

3  28 

8  42 

21 

3  41 

8  24 

Charleston 

1 

3  40 

8  32 

11 

3  50 

8  20 

21 

3  59 

8     7 

9th  Month. 

SEPTEMBER, 

1919. 

30  Days. 

1 

•3 

0 
0 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Micliigan':  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

,  Missouri.  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Uta^, 

Nevada,  aner 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston,  ^ 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

Q 

SCTN 

Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

MOON 

n.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

SUN 

Sets. 

moon 

R.    &   S. 

1 

M 

5  24 

H.      M. 

G  36 

H.      M. 

10     5 

H.      M. 

5  26 

H.      M. 

G  34 

H.      M. 

10  10 

H.      M. 

5  28 

H.      M. 

6  32 

H.      M. 

10  16 

H.      M. 

5  34 

H.      M. 

6  26 

H.      M. 

10  31 

2 

Til 

5  25 

6  34 

10  50 

5  27 

6  32 

10  55 

5  29 

6  30 

11     1 

5  35 

6  25 

11  18 

3 

W 

5  26 

6  32 

11  40 

5  28 

6  31 

11  46 

5  30 

6  29 

11  51 

5  35 

6  24 

A.M. 

4 

Th 

5  27 

6  30 

A.M. 

5  29 

6  29 

A.M. 

5  31 

6  27 

A.M. 

5  36 

6  22 

12    8 

5 

Fr 

5  28 

6  29 

12  36 

5  30 

6-27 

12  41 

5  31 

G  26 

12  46 

5  36 

6  21 

1     1 

6 

Sa 

5  29 

6  27 

1  36 

5  31 

G  26 

.1  40 

5  32 

6  24 

1  45 

5  37 

6  20 

1  58 

7 

S 

5  30 

G  25 

2  40 

5  32 

6  24 

2  44 

5  33 

6  23 

2  47 

5  38 

6  18 

2  58 

8 

M 

5  31 

G  24 

3  46 

5  33 

6  22 

3  49 

5  34 

G  21 

3  52 

5  38 

6  17 

4    0 

9 

Til 

5  32 

6  22 

rises . 

5  34 

6  21 

rises. 

5  35 

6  19 

rises. 

5  39 

G  16 

rises. 

10 

W 

5  33 

G  20 

6  19 

5  35 

6  19 

6  20 

5  36 

G  18 

6  20 

5  40 

6  14 

6  23 

11 

Th 

5  34 

6  18 

6  51 

5  36 

6  17 

6  53 

5  37 

6  16 

6  55 

5  40 

6  13 

7    1 

12 

Fr 

5  3G 

6  17 

7  26 

5  37 

6  16 

7  30 

5  38 

6  15 

7  33 

5  41 

6  12 

7  43 

13 

Sa 

5  37 

6  15 

8    7 

5  38 

6  14 

8  11 

5  39 

6  13 

8  15 

5  42 

6  10 

8  28 

14 

S 

5  38 

G  13 

8  53 

5  39 

6  12 

8  57 

5  39 

6  11 

9    3 

5  42 

6    9 

9  18 

15 

M 

5  39 

6  11 

9  45 

5  40 

6  11 

9  50 

5  40 

6  10 

9  56 

5  43 

6    8 

10  12 

IG 

Tu 

5  40 

G  10 

10  44 

5  41 

6     9 

10  49 

5  41 

6    8 

10  55 

5  44 

6    6 

11  11 

17 

W 

5  41 

G    8 

11  48 

5  42 

6    7 

11  52 

5  42 

6    7 

11  58 

5  44 

6    5 

A.M. 

18 

Th 

5  42 

G    6 

A.M. 

5  42 

6    6 

A.M. 

5  43 

6    5 

A.M. 

5  45 

G    4 

12  13 

19 

Fr 

5  43 

6    4 

12  54 

5  43 

6    4 

12  58 

5  44 

G    3 

1    3 

5  46 

6    2 

1  15 

20 

Sa 

5  44 

G    2 

2    0 

5  44 

6     2 

2    4 

5  45 

6    2 

2    7 

5  46 

6     1 

2  17 

21 

S 

5  45 

G    1 

3    7 

5  45 

6     0 

3    9 

5  46 

6    0 

3  11 

5  47 

5  59 

3  18 

22 

M 

5  46 

5  59 

4  11 

5  46 

5  59 

4  12 

5  47 

5  59 

4  14 

5  48 

5  58 

4  17 

23 

Tu 

5  47 

5  57 

sets. 

5  47 

5  57 

sets. 

5  48 

5  57 

sets. 

5  48 

5  57 

sets- 

24 

W 

5  48 

5  55 

5  51 

5  48 

5  55 

5  53 

5  48 

5  55 

5  55 

5  49 

5  55 

6    i 

25 

Th 

5  49 

5  54 

6  20 

5  49 

.5  54 

6  22 

5  49 

5  54 

6  25 

5  49 

5  54 

6  S'k 

26 

Fr 

5  50 

5  52 

6  50 

5  50 

5  52 

6  54 

5  50 

5  52 

6  58 

5  50 

5  53 

7    9 

27 

Sa 

5  52 

5  50 

7  24 

5  51 

5  50 

7  29 

5  51 

5  51 

7  33 

5  51 

5  51 

7  47 

28 

S 

5  53 

5  48 

8    2 

5  52 

5  49 

8    7 

5  52 

5  49 

8  12 

5  51 

5  50 

8  28 

29 

M 

5  54 

5  47 

8  45 

5  53 

5  47 

8  50 

5  53 

5  47 

8  56 

5  52 

5  49 

9  12 

30 

Tu 

5  55 

5  45 

9  32 

5  54 

5  45 

9  38 

5  54 

5  46 

9  44 

5  53 

5  47 


10^  0 

SUN^ON    MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINGTON. 

Day  of 

D.\Y  OF 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  op 

Month 

H.         M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

h.      m.      s. 

M0^fTH 

h.     m.      s. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

1 

12     0     9 

7 

11  58  12 

13 

11  56     8 

19 

11  54     1 

25 

11  51  55 

2 

11   59  51 

8 

11  57  52 

14 

11  55  47 

20 

11  53  39 

26 

11   51  34 

3 

11  59  32 

9 

11  57  31 

15 

11  55  25 

21 

11  53  18 

27 

11  51-  14 

4 

11  59  12 

10 

11  57  11 

16 

11  55     4 

22 

11  52  57 

28 

11  50  54 

5 

11  58  52 

11 

11  56  50 

17 

11  54  43 

23 

11  52  36 

29 

11  50  34 

6 

11  58  33 

12 

11  56  29 

18 

11   54  22 

24 

11  52  16 

30 

11  50  14 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

Sept. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Sept. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Sept. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.     u. 

H.     M. 

H.      M. 

H.     M. 

Boston .  .  . 

1 

3  44 

8  15 

11 

3  58 

7  54 

21 

4  11 

7  34 

New  York 

1 

3  49 

8  10 

11 

4     2 

7  50 

21 

4  14 

7  32 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

3  54 

8     5 

11 

4     6 

7  47 

21 

4  17 

7  29 

Charleston 

1 

4     9 

7  51 

11 

4  17 

7  36 

21 

4  25 

7  21 

10th  Month. 


OCTOBER,  1919. 


31  Days. 


• 

1 

o 

"S 

i 

Q 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  Citt, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  afad 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia.  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

i 

P 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

moon 

R.   &   S. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
K.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &.  s. 

1 

w 

H.      M. 

5  56 

H.      M. 

5  43 

H.      M. 

10  25 

H.      M. 

5  55 

H.      M. 

5  44 

H.      M. 

10  30 

H.      M. 

5  55 

H.      M. 

5  44 

H.      M. 

10  36 

H.      M. 

5  53 

H.      JI. 

5  46 

H.      M. 

10  51 

2 

Th 

5  57 

5  41 

11  22 

5  56 

5  42 

11  27 

5  56 

5  43 

11  32 

5  54 

5  45 

11  46 

3 

Fr 

5  58 

5  40 

A.M. 

5  57 

5  40 

A.M. 

5  57 

5  41 

A.M. 

5  55 

5  44 

A.M. 

"4 

Sa 

5  59 

5  38 

12  2.3 

5  58 

5  39 

12  27 

5  58 

5  40 

12  31 

5  55 

5  42 

12  43 

5 

S 

6     0 

5  36 

1  27 

6    0 

5  37 

1  30 

5  59 

5  38 

1  33 

5  56 

5  41 

1  42 

6 

M 

6     1 

5  34 

2  33 

6     1 

5  35 

2  35 

6    0 

5  36 

2  38 

5  57 

5  40 

2  43 

7 

Tu 

6    2 

5  33 

3  42 

6    2 

j5  34 

3  43 

6     1 

5  35 

8  44 

5  58 

5  38 

3  46 

8 

W 

6    4 

5  31 

4  53 

6    3 

5  32 

4  53 

6    2 

5  33 

4  53 

5  58 

5  37 

4  52 

9 

Th 

6    5 

5  29 

rises. 

6    4 

5  31 

rises . 

6    3 

5  32 

rises . 

5  59 

5  36 

rises . 

10 

Fr 

6    6 

5  28 

6    1 

6    5 

5  29 

6    5 

6    4 

5  30 

6    9 

6     0 

5  34 

6  20 

11 

Sa 

6"  7 

5  26 

6  46 

6    6 

5  27 

6  51 

6    4 

5  29 

6  56 

6     0 

5  33 

7  10 

12 

S 

6    8 

5  24 

7  38 

6    7 

5  26 

7  43 

6    5 

5  27 

7  49 

6     1 

5  32 

8    5 

13 

M 

6    9 

5  23 

8  37 

6    8 

5  24 

8  42 

6    6 

5  26 

8  48 

6     2 

5  31 

9    4 

14 

Tu 

6  11 

5  21 

9  41 

6    9 

5  23 

9  46 

6    7 

5  24 

9  51 

6    3 

5  30 

10    6 

15 

W 

6  12 

5  20 

10  47 

6  10 

5  21 

10  51 

6     8 

5  23 

10  56 

6    3 

5  28 

11     9 

16 

Th 

6  13 

5  18 

11  54 

6  11 

5  20 

11  57 

6    9 

5  21 

A.M. 

6    4 

5  27 

A.M. 

17 

Fr 

6  14 

5  16 

A.M. 

6  12 

5  18 

A.M. 

6  10 

5  20 

12    1 

6    5 

5  26 

12  12 

18 

Sa 

6  15 

5  15 

1     0 

6  14 

5  17 

1     2 

6  12 

5  19 

1    5 

6    6 

5  25 

1  12 

19 

S 

6  16 

5  13 

2    4 

6  15 

5  15 

2    5 

6  13 

5  17 

2    7 

6    6 

5  24 

2  11 

20 

M 

6  18 

5  12 

3    7 

6  16 

5  14 

3    7 

6  14 

5  16 

3    8 

6    7 

5  22 

3    8 

21 

Tu 

6  19 

5  10 

4    8 

6  17 

5  12 

4    8 

6  15 

5  14 

4    7 

6    8 

5  21 

4    5 

22 

W 

6  20 

5     8 

5    9 

6  18 

5  11 

5    8 

6  16 

5  13 

5     6 

6    9 

5  20 

5     1 

23 

Th 

6  21 

5     7 

sets. 

6  19 

5    9 

sets. 

6  17 

5  12 

sets. 

6  10 

5  19 

sets. 

24 

Fr 

6  22 

5     6 

5  24 

6  20 

5    8 

5  28 

6  18 

5  10 

5  33 

6  10 

5  18 

5  46 

25 

Sa 

6  24 

5     4 

6    1 

6  21 

5    7 

6    6 

6  19 

5     9 

6  11 

6  11 

5  17 

6  25 

26 

S 

6  25 

5    3 

6  42 

6  22 

5     5 

6  47 

6  20 

5     8 

6  52 

6  12 

5  16 

7    8 

27 

M 

6  26 

5     1 

7  28 

6  24 

5     4 

7  33 

6  21 

5     7 

7  39 

6  13 

5  15 

7  55 

28 

Tu 

6  27 

5     0 

8  18 

6  25 

5    3 

8  23 

6  22 

5     5 

8  29 

6  14 

5  14 

8  45 

29 

W 

6  28 

4  59 

9  13 

6  26 

5     1 

9  18 

6  23 

5     4 

9  23 

6  14 

5  13 

9  38 

30 

Th 

6  30 

4  57 

10  11 

6  27 

5     0 

10  15 

6  24 

5     3 

10  20 

6  15 

5  12 

10  32 

31 

Fr 

6  31 

4  56 

11  12 

6  28 

4  59 

11  15 

6  25 

5     2 

11  19 

6  16 

5  11 

11  29 

SUN    ON    MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINCTON. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month 

H.         M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        8. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.         S. 

1 

11   49  55 

8 

11  47  47 

14 

11   46  13 

20 

11   44  58 

26 

11  44     7 

2 

11   49  35 

9 

11  47  30 

15 

11   45  59 

21 

11   44  48 

27 

11  44     1 

.3 

11   49   16 

10 

11  47  13 

16 

11   45  45 

22 

11   44  38 

28 

11  43  56 

4 

11   48  58 

11 

11  46  57 

17 

11   45   33 

23  . 

11  44  30 

29 

11  43  51 

5 

11  48  39 

12 

11  46  42 

18 

11   45  21 

24 

11  44  21 

30 

11  43  47 

6 

11  48  21 

13 

11  46  27 

19 

11   45     9 

25 

11  44  14 

31 

11  43  44 

7 

11   48     4 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

Oct. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Oct. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Oct. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

H.      M.     1 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

Boston.  .  . 

1 

4  23 

7  16 

11 

4  34 

6  58 

21 

4  46 

6  43 

New  York 

1 

4  25 

7  14 

11 

4*35 

6  57 

21 

4  46 

6  43 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

4  27 

7  12 

11 

4  37 

6  56 

21 

4  46 

6  43 

Charleston 

1 

4  32 

7     7 

11 

4  39 

6  54 

21 

4  46 

6  43 

nth  Month. 

NOVEMBER, 

1919. 

SO  Days. 

5 
§ 

1 

^    Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  Illinois, 

Iowa.  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington. 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri,  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 

Sets. 

Moon 

K.    &    S. 

Sun 
Rises  . 

Sun 

Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &.  s. 

H.      M. 

A.M. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 

Sets. 

H.      M. 

5  10 

Moon 
R.  *  s. ' 

1 

Sa 

H.      M. 

6  32 

H.      M. 

4  54 

H.      M. 

A.M. 

H.      M. 

6  29 

H.      M. 

4  57 

H.      M. 

A.M. 

H.      M. 

6  26 

H.      M. 

5     1 

H.      M. 

6  17 

—  . .    .  ( 

H.      M. 

A.M.i 

ii 

S 

6  34 

4  53 

12  15 

6  31 

4  56 

12  17 

6  27 

4  59 

12  20 

6  18 

5    9 

12  27  ^ 

3 

M 

6  35 

4  52 

1  20 

6  32 

4  55 

1  22 

6  28 

4  58 

1  24 

6  19 

5    8 

1  28 

4 

Tu 

6  36 

4  51 

2  29 

6  33 

4  54 

2  30 

6  30 

4  57 

2  30 

6  20 

5    8 

2  30 

5 

W 

6  37 

4  50 

3  40 

6  34 

4  53 

3  39 

6  31 

4  56 

3  38 

6  20 

5    7 

3  35 

6 

Th 

6  38 

4  48 

4  53 

6  35 

4  52 

4  51 

6  32 

4  55 

4  50 

6  21 

5    6 

4  43 

7 

Fr 

6  40 

4  47 

rises . 

6  36 

4  51 

rises . 

6  33 

4  54 

rises. 

6  22 

5    5 

rises. 

8 

Sa 

6  41 

4  46 

5  24 

6  38 

4  50 

5  29 

6  34 

4  53 

5  34 

6  23 

5    4 

5  50 

9 

S 

6  42 

4  45 

6  21 

6  39 

4  48 

6  27 

6  35 

4  52 

6  33 

6  24 

5-   4 

6  49 

10 

M 

6  43 

4  44 

7  26 

6  40 

4  47 

7  31 

6  36 

4  51 

7  37 

6  25 

5    3 

7  53 

11 

Tu 

6  45 

4  43 

8  34 

6  41 

4  46 

a  39 

6  37 

4  50 

8  44 

6  26 

5    2 

8  58 

12 

W 

6  46 

4  42 

9  43 

6  42 

4  46 

9  47 

6  38 

4  49 

9  51 

6  26 

5    2 

10    2 

13 

Th 

6  47 

4  41 

10  51 

6  44 

4  45 

10  54 

6  40 

4  49 

10  57 

6  27 

5     1 

11     5 

14 

Fr 

6  48 

4  40 

11  57 

6  45 

■4  44 

11  58 

6  41 

4  48 

A.M. 

6  28 

5    0 

A.M 

15 

Sa 

6  50 

4  39 

A.M. 

6  46 

4  43 

A.M. 

6  42 

4  47 

12     1 

6  29 

5    0 

12    5 

16 

S 

6  51 

4  38 

1     0 

6  47 

4  42 

1     1 

6  43 

4  46 

1     2 

6  30 

4  59 

1     4 

17 

M 

6  52 

4  37 

2    2 

6  48 

4  41 

2    2 

6  44 

4  45 

2    2 

6  31 

4  59 

2    0 

18 

Tu 

6  53 

4  36 

3    2 

6  49 

4  40 

3    2 

6  45 

4  45 

3    0 

6  32 

4  58 

2  56 

19 

W 

6  55 

4  36 

4    2 

6  50 

4  40 

4    0 

6  46 

4  44 

3  58 

6  33 

4  58 

3  50 

20 

Th 

6  56 

4  35 

5     1 

6  52 

4  39 

4  58 

6  47 

4  43 

4  55 

6  34 

4  57 

4  45 

21 

Fr 

6  57 

4  34 

5  59 

6  53 

4  38 

5  55 

6  48 

4  43 

5  51 

6  35 

4  57 

5  39 

22 

Sa 

6  58 

4  33 

sets. 

6  54 

4  38 

sets. 

6  50 

4  42 

sets. 

6  36 

4  56 

sets. 

23 

S 

7    0 

4  33 

5  24 

6  55 

4  37 

5  30 

6  51 

4  42 

5  35 

6  36 

4  56 

5  51 

24 

M 

7     1 

4  32 

6  14 

6  56 

4  36 

6  19 

6  52 

4  41 

6  24 

6  37 

4  56 

6  40 

25 

Tu 

7    2 

4  31 

7    7 

6  58 

4  36 

7  12 

6  53 

4  41 

7  17 

6  38 

4  55 

7  32 

26 

W 

7    3 

4  31 

8    3 

6  59 

4  35 

8    8 

6  54 

4  40 

8  13 

6  39 

4  55 

8  26 

27 

Th 

7    4 

4  30 

9    3 

7     0 

4  35 

9    6 

6  55 

4  40 

9  10 

6  40 

4  55 

9  22 

28 

Fr 

7    5 

4  30 

10    4 

7     1 

4  34 

10    7 

6  56 

4  40 

10  10 

6  41 

4  54 

10  18 

29 

Sa 

7    6 

4  30 

11     6 

7     2 

4  34 

11     8 

6  57 

4  39 

11  10 

6  42 

4  54 

11  16 

SO 

S 

7    8 

4  29 

A.M. 

7    3 

4  34 

A.M. 

6  58 

4  39 



A.M. 

6  43 

4  54 

A.M. 

SUN    ON    MERIDIAN    OF    WASHINGTON. 

Day  op 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Month 

H.         M.         S. 

Month 

H.        M.         S. 

Month 

H.         M.         S. 

MONTH 

H.        M.         S. 

MONTH 

H.        M.        S. 

1 

11  43  42 

7 

11  43  44 

13 

11  44  16 

19 

11  45  20 

25 

11  46  54 

2 

11  43  40 

8 

11  43  47 

14 

11  44  25 

20 

11  45  34 

26 

11  47  12 

3 

11  43  39 

9 

11  43  51 

15 

11  44  34 

21 

11  45  48 

27 

11  47  31 

4 

11  43  39 

10 

11  43  56 

16 

11  44  44 

22 

11  46     3 

28 

11  47  51 

5 

11  43  40 

11 

11  44     2 

17 

11  44  55 

23 

11  46  19 

29 

11  48  11 

6 

11  43  42 

12 

11  44     9 

18 

11   45     7 

24 

11  46  36 

30 

11  48  32 

TWJLICHT. 

Places. 

Nov. 

Begins,  a.m. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Nov. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Nov. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      JI. 

Boston .  .  . 

1 

4  58 

6  29 

11 

5     9 

6  19 

21 

5   19 

6  12 

New  York 

1 

4  57 

6  29 

11 

5     8 

6  20 

21 

5   18 

6  14 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

4  57 

6  30 

11 

5     6 

6  21 

21 

5   16 

6  16 

Charleston 

1 

4  54 

6  33 

11 

5     2 

6  26 

21 

5  10 

6  22 

12th  MoQth. 

DECEMBER, 

1919. 

31  Days. 

5 
o 

a 

S3 

P 

Calendar  for 

Boston, 

New  England, 

N.  Y.  State, 

Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

N.  and  S.  Dakota, 

Washington,  and    ■ 

Oregon. 

Calendar  for 

New  York  City, 

Connecticut, 

Pennsylvania,  Ohio, 

Indiana,  IlllnoLs, 

Iowa,  Nebraska, 

Wyoming,  and 

Northern  California. 

Calendar  for 

Washington, 

Virginia,  Kentucky, 

Missouri.  Kansas, 

Colorado,  Utah, 

Nevada,  and 

Central  California. 

Calendar  for 

Charleston, 

Georgia,  Alabama, 

Louisiana,  Arkansas, 

Texas,  New  Mexico, 

Arizona,  and 
Southern  California. 

Q 

&0N 

Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 
R.  &  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.   Ic  s. 

Sun 
Rises. 

Sun 
Sets. 

Moon 

R.    &  3. 

1 

M      - 

'h.    y.. 
7    9 

H.      M. 

4  29 

H.      M. 

12  1] 

H.      M. 

7    4 

H.      HI. 

4  33 

H.      M. 

12  12 

H.      M. 

6  59 

H.      M. 

4  39 

H.      M. 

12  13 

H.      M. 

6  44 

B.      M. 

4  54 

H.      M. 

12  15 

2 

Tu 

7  10 

4  28 

1  18 

7    5 

4  33 

1  18 

7    0 

4  38 

1  18 

6  44 

4  54 

1  16 

3 

W 

7  11 

4  28 

2  28 

7    6 

4  33 

2  26 

7    1 

4  38 

2  25 

6  45 

4  54 

2  20 

4 

Th 

7  12 

4  28 

3  40 

7    7 

4  33 

3  38 

7    2 

4  38 

3  35 

6  46 

4  54 

3  27 

5 

Fr 

7  13 

4  28 

4  54 

7    8 

4  32 

4  51 

7    3 

4  38 

4  48 

6  47 

4  54 

4  36 

6 

Sa 

7  14 

4  28 

.6     8 

7    9 

4  32 

6    4 

7    4 

4  38 

6    0 

6  48 

4  54 

5  45 

7 

S 

7  15 

4  27 

rises. 

7  10 

4  32 

rises. 

7    5 

4  38 

rises. 

6  49 

4  54 

rises. 

8 

M 

7  IG 

4  27 

6  10 

7  11 

4  32 

6  16 

7    5 

4  38 

6  21 

6  50 

4  54 

6  36 

9 

Tu 

i   7  17 

4  27 

7  22 

7  12 

4  32 

7  26 

7    6 

4  38 

7  31 

6  50 

4  54 

7  44 

10 

W 

■  7  18 

4  27 

8  34 

7  13 

4  32 

8  37 

7    7 

4  38 

8  41 

6  51 

4  54 

8  50 

11 

Th       ; 

•  7  18 

4  27 

9  43 

7  14 

4  32 

9  45 

7    8 

4  38 

9  48 

6  52 

4  54 

9  54 

12 

Fr       i 

7  19 

4  28 

10  49 

7  14 

4  33 

10  50 

7    9 

4  38 

10  52 

6  52 

4  55 

10  55 

13 

Sa 

7  20-   4  28 

11  53 

7  15 

4  33 

11  54 

7  10 

4  38 

11  54 

6  53 

4  55 

11  53 

14 

S 

7  21,   4  28 

A.M. 

7  16 

4  33 

A.M. 

7  10 

4  39 

A.M. 

6  54 

4  55 

A.M. 

15 

M 

7  22 

4  28 

12  55 

7  17 

4  33 

12  54 

7  11 

4  39 

12  53 

6  54 

4  55 

12  50 

16 

Tu 

7  22 

4  28 

1  55 

7  17 

4  33 

1  54 

7  12 

4  39 

1  52 

6  55 

4  56 

1  45 

17 

W 

7  23.   4  29 

2  54 

7  18 

4  34 

2  52 

7  12 

4  39 

2  49 

6  55 

4  56 

2  40 

18 

Th 

7  24'   4  29 

3  52 

7  19 

4  34 

3  49 

7  13 

4  40 

3  46 

6  56 

4  56 

3  34 

19 

Fr 

7  25!   4  29 

4  49 

7  19 

4  34 

4  45 

7  14 

4  40 

4  41 

6  57 

'i  57 

4  27 

20 

Sa      ; 

7  25 

4  29 

5  43 

7  20 

4  35 

5  39 

7  14 

4  41 

5  34 

6  57 

4  57 

5  19 

21 

s 

7  26 

4  30 

6  34 

7  20 

4  35 

6  30 

7  15 

4  41 

6  25 

6  58 

4  58 

6    9 

22 

M 

7  2G|   4  30 

sets. 

7  21 

4  36 

sets. 

7  15 

4  41 

sets. 

6  58 

4  58 

sets. 

23 

Tu 

7  27'   4  31 

5  58 

7  21 

4  3G 

6     2 

7  16 

4  42 

6    7 

6  59 

4  59 

6  21 

24 

W 

7  27^   4  32 

6  56 

7  22 

4  37 

7    0 

7  16 

4  43 

7    5 

7     0 

4  59 

7  16 

25 

Th 

7  28    4  32 

7  57 

7  22 

4  38 

8    0 

7  17 

4  43 

8    4 

7     0 

5     0 

8  13 

26 

Fr 

7  2SI   4  33 

8  59 

7  23 

4  38 

9     1 

7  17 

4  44 

9    4 

7    0 

5     0 

9  10 

27 

Sa 

7  28|    4  31 

10    2 

7  23 

4  39 

10    3 

7  17 

4  44 

10    4 

7     1 

5     1 

10    8 

28 

S 

7  29i   4  34 

11     6 

7  23 

4  39 

11     G 

7  18 

4  45 

11     7 

7    1 

5    2 

11     7 

29 

M 

7  29'   4  35 

A.M. 

7  24 

4  40 

A.M. 

7  18 

4  46 

A.M. 

7    1 

5     2 

A.M. 

30 

Tu 

7  29!   4  36 

12  12 

7  24 

4  41 

12  12 

7  18 

4  46 

12  11 

7    2 

5     3 

12    7 

31 

W 

7  291  4  36 

1  21 

7  24 

4  42 

1  19 

7  19 

4  47 

1  17 

7     2 

5    4 

1  10 

SUN    ON    RflERIDIAN    OF    WASHINCTO?4. 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  of 

Day  Of 

Day  of 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        S. 

Month 

H.        M.        8. 

Month 

H.        M. 

s. 

Month 

H. 

M.        3. 

1 

11  48  54 

8 

11  51  43 

14 

11  54  27 

20 

11  57 

23 

26 

12 

0  23 

2 

11  49  16 

9 

11  52     9 

15 

11   54  58 

21 

11  57 

53 

27 

12 

0  53 

3 

llr  49  39 

10 

11   52  36 

16 

11   55  25 

22 

11   58 

23 

28 

12 

1  23 

4 

11  50     3 

11 

11  53     3 

17 

11   55  54 

23 

11  58 

53 

29 

12 

1  52 

5 

11   50  27 

12 

11  53  31 

18 

11  56  24 

24 

11  59 

23 

30 

12 

2  22 

6 

11  50  52 

13 

11  53  59 

19 

11   56  54 

25 

11  59 

53 

31 

12 

2  51 

7 

11  5]    17 

\ 

TWILIGHT. 

Places. 

Dec. 

Begins.  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

Dec. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  r.M. 

Dec. 

Begins,  A.M. 

Ends,  P.M. 

B.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

H.      M. 

Boston.  .  . 

1 

5  29 

6     9 

11 

5  38 

6     9 

21 

5  44 

6  12 

New  York 

1 

5  27 

6  11 

11 

5  35 

6  11 

21 

5  42 

6  14 

Wash'ton.. 

1 

5  25 

6  13 

11 

5  33 

6  14 

21 

5  39 

6  17 

Charleston 

1 

5  17 

6  21 

11 

5  24 

6  22 

21 

5  30 

6  26 

Moonlight  Chart,  1919. 


MOONLIGHT    CHART,    1919. 


51 


§ 


o 
0 


<« 

a 

"-5 


2 
I 


o. 


a 

ja 

^ 

o, 

< 

02 

c 

^ 

A 

t 

a 

> 

a 
s 

u 

o 

z 

p 

Explanation. — The  white  spaces  show  the  amount  of  moonlight  each  night.  January  2,  Januajj 
31.  etc.,  the  Ume  of  new  moon,  there  Is  no  moonlight  for  two  or  three  nights;  January  9,  ^ebruan' 7.  etc 
&i4  moon  sets  at  or  near  midnight,  when  the  first  half  of  the  night  has  moonlight;  January  16,  Februarj 
14:  etc ,  full  moon,  when  moonfight  lasts  the  whole  night;  January  23.  February  22.  etc..  the  moon  risei 
at  or  near  midnight,  when  the  latter  hall  of  the  night  has  moonlight. 


52 


Halley's  Comet. 


THE    MOON. 


Op  all  the  secondary  planets  the  earth's  satellite 
is  by  far  the  most  interesting  and  Important.  The 
moon  completes  her  circuit  around  the  earth  in  a 
period  whose  mean  or  average  length  is  27  days 
7  hours  43.2  minutes;  but  in  consequence  of  her 
motion  in  common  v/lth  the  earth  around  the  sun, 
the  mean  duration  of  the  lunar  month,  that  is,  the 
time  from  new  moon  to  new  moon,  is  29  days  12 
houi'S  44.05  minutes,  which  is  called  the  moon's 
synodical  perloJ.  If  the  earth  were  motionless  in 
space  the  moon's  orbit  would  be  nearly  an  elliijse, 
having  the  earth  in  one  oJ  the  foci;  hence  her  dis- 
tance from  the  earth  varies  during  the  course  of  a 
lunar  mouth.  Her  mean  distance  from  rhe  earth 
Is  238,862  miles.  Her  maximum  aistance,  however, 
may  reach  252,830  miles,  and  the  least  distance  to 
wliich  she  can  approacli  the  earth  is  221,520  miles. 
Her* diameter  is  2,160  miles,  and  it  we  deduct  from 
her  distance  from  the  earth  the  sum  of  the  two  radii  of 
the  earth  and  moon,  viz.,  3,903  and  1,080  miles,  re- 
spectively, we  shall  have  for  the  nearest  approach 
of  tlie  surfaces  of  the  two  bodies  216,477  miles. 
Her  orbit  is  a  very  intricate  one.  because  the  earth 
In  moving  around  the  sun  carries  the  moon  along 
with  it;  hence  the  latter  is  sometimes  within  and 
sometimes  without  the  earth's  orbit.  Its  form  is 
that  of  a  serpentine  curve,  always  comave  toward 
the  sun,  and  its  plane  is  Inclined  to  the  plane  of  the 
earth's  orbit  at  an  angle  of  5°  9',  in  consequence  of 
which  our  satellite  appears  .sometimes  above  and 
sometimes  below  the  plane  of  the  earth's  orbit, 
through  which  she  passes  twice  in  a  revolution. 
These  points  of  intersection  with  the  ecliptic  are 
called  nodes,  and  It  Is  only  at  or  near  them  that 
eclipses  can  occur.  The  nodes  have  a  retrograde 
motion,  which  causes  them  to  make  an  entire  revolu- 
tion in  18  years  218  days  21  hours  22  minutes  and  46 
seconds.  Both  sun  and  moon  return  to  a  node  after 
18  years  and  11  days,  so  that  an  eciipse  is  followed 
by  another  of  the  same  general  character  at  the  end 
of  this  period,  which  was  well  known  to  the  ancients, 
who  called  it  the  Saros,  and  which  was  made  use  of 
by  them  In  roughly  predicting  eclipses. 

The  moon  always  presents  the  same  face  to  us, 
as  is  evident  from  the  permanency  of  the  various 
markings  on  her  surface.  This  circumstance  proves 
that  she  revolves  on  an  axis,  and  the  time  of  rota- 
tion Is  exactly  equal  to  the  time  of  revolution  around 
the  earth,  viz.,  27.32166  days.  The  moon's  axis  is 
not  perpendicular  to  the  plane  of  her  orbit,  but  de- 
viates therefrom  by  an  angle  of  about  6°  41'.  In 
consequence  of  this  fact  the  poles  of  the  moon  lean 
alternately  to  and  from  the  earth.  When  the  north 
pole  leans  toward  the  earth  we  see  somewhat  more 
of  the  region  surrounding  It,  and  somewhat  less 
when  It  leans  the  contrary  way.  This  displacement 
Is  known  by  the  name  of  libration  in  latitude. 


The  moon's  motion  on  her  axis  is  uniform,  but 
her  angular  velocity  in  her  orbit  is  subject  to  slight 
variations  by  reason  of  the  form  of  her  orbit;  hence 
It  happens  that  we  someUmes  see  a  little  more  of 
the  eastern  or  western  edge  at  one  time  than  at  an- 
other. This  phenomenon  Is  known  as  libration  in 
longitude. 

The  moon's  surface  contains  about  14,657,000 
square  miles,  or  nearly  four  times  the  area  of  Europe. 
Her  volume  is  1-49  and  her  mass  1-81  that  of  the 
earth,  and  hence  her  density  Is  about  3-5  that  of  the 
earth,  or  about  3  2-5  that  of  water.  At  the  lunar 
surface  gravity  Is  only  1-6  of  what  It  Is  at  the  earth, 
and  therefore  a  body  which  weighs  6  pounds  here 
would  weigh  only  1  pound  there. 

The  centre  of  gravity  of  the  earth  and  moon,  or 
the  point  about  which  they  both  actually  revolve 
in  their  course  around  the  sun.  lies  wilhin  the  earth; 
it  is  1,063  miles  below  the  surface. 

The  attractive  force  of  the  moon  acting  on  the 
water  of  our  oceans  Is  mainly  instrumental  in  rais- 
ing them  into  protuberances  or  tides  In  such  a  man- 
ner as  to  give  the  total  mass  a  spheroidal  figure 
whose  principal  axis  would  continually  coincide 
with  the  line  joining  the  centres  of  the  earth  and 
moon,  but  in  consequence  of  the  resistance  which 
this  movement  of  the  water  encounters  from  con- 
tinents and  islands,  as  well  as  from  the  liquid  mole- 
cules themselves,  the  tidal  wave  can  never  arrive 
at  any  place  until  about  one  hour  after  the  moon 
has  crossed  the  meridian  of  the  place. 

The  moon  has  no  atmosphere  and  no  water. 
The  suddenness  with  which  the  stars  are  occulted 
by  the  moon  Is  regarded  as  a  conclusive  proof  that 
a  lunar  atmosphere  does  not  exist,  and  the  spectro- 
scope furnishes  negative  evidence  of  the  same  char- 
acter. 

In  remote  ages  the  lunar  surface  was  the  theatre 
of  violent  volcanic  action,  being  elevated  Into  cones 
and  ridges  exceeding  20,000  feet  high,  and  at  other 
places  rent  Into  furrows  or  depressions  of  corre- 
sponding depth.  The  lunar  volcanoes  are  now  ex- 
tinct. A  profound  silence  reigns  over  the  desolate 
and  rugged  surface.  It  is  a  dead  world,  utterly  un- 
fit to  support  animal  or  vegetable  life. 

THE  EARTH'S  ATMOSPHERE. 
The  earth's  sensible  atmosphere  is  generally 
supposed  to  extend  some  forty  miles  in  height, 
probably  further,  but  becoming  at  only  a  few  miles 
from  the  surface  of  too  great  a  tenuity  to  support 
life.  The  condition  and  motions  of  this  aerial  ocean 
play  a  most  important  part  in  the  determination 
of  climate,  modifying,  by  absorbing,  the  otherwise 
intense  heat  of  the  sun,  and,  when  laden  with  clouds, 
hindering  the  earth  from  radiating  its  acquired  heat 
into  space. 


HALLEY'S 

Of  the  great  number  of  ^mets  which  have  tem- 
porarily visited  eur  solar  system  or  have  become 
permanent  members  of  it  none  has  surpassed  Halley's 
In  historical  associations.  It  has  a  record  dating 
back  to  B.  C.  240;  its  visitations  spread  alarm  and 
Consternation  throughout  Europe  during  the  Middle 

ENCKE'S 
The  second  of  th'e  periodic  comets  to  be  discovered 
was  Encke'3,  as  Halley's  was  the  lU-st.  Encke's 
Comet  has  the  shortest  period  known,  namely, 
about  forty  months.  The  observed  visitations,  from 
January,  1819,  to  March,  1918,  form  an  uninterrupted 
series,  thirty-one  in  number. 
Encke's  ia  imique  among  comets  in  that  its  motion 


COMET. 

Ages;  was  the  first  whose  return  was  predicted  by 
an  Astronomer  Royal  of  England,  and  will  therefore, 
for  these  reasons,  be  an  object  of  great  scientific 
interest  for  all  time.  Its  periodic  time  Is  76.8  years, 
and  In  April,  1910,  it  made  the  perlheUon  passage 
lor  the  twenty-ninth  time. 

COMET. 

is  constantly  accelerating  and  its  period  is  decreas- 
ing in  proportion,  being  now  1,203  days  as  compared 
with  1,205  days  in  1819.  At  first  this  was  ascribed 
to  a  resisting  medium;  but  It  is  more  probably  due 
to  repeated  passage  of  the  comet  through  a  cloud 
of  meteors. 


Magnetic  Declinations. 


53 


MAGNETIC    DECLINATIONS. 


Ob  Variation  of  Compass  for  Jantjary,  1919 — With  the  annual  Change  pett/een  1910  and  1915, 
FOR  Selected  Places  in  the  United  States. 

A  plus  {-f )  sJgn  to  the  annual  change  denotes  that  the  declination  is  increasing,  and  a  minus  ( — )  sign 
the  reverse. 

(Specially  prepared  for  The  World  Almanac  In  the  Oflflce  of  the  United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey.) 


State 

o 

a? 

OS 

ad 

o 

a 

STATE 

S3 

05 

.-1 

ao> 

6 

a 

C3 

OR 

Terri- 

Station. 

3 

■S.3 
2Sf 

«  & 

OR 

Terri- 

station. 

■S3 

■S.S 

0  M 

^0. 

Tony. 

1^ 

Si-i 

tory. 

c-1 

CI 

< 

<! 

< 

< 

< 

^ 

< 

O           1 

o          / 

0         ' 

1 

o        / 

0          ' 

0          1 

$ 

Ala 

Monteomerv.. . 

32  22 
30  41 

86  18 
88  09 

2  53  F 
4  53E 

+  1 
+  1 

Mo 

Jefferson  City . . 
St.  Louis 

38  35 
38  38 

92  09 
90  16 

7  20E 
5  07  E 

+1 

Mobile 

0 

HuntsviUe 

34  44 

86  35 

4  02E 

0 

Kansa.s  City  . .  . 

39  07 

94  38 

9  20E 

+  1 

Alaska . 

Sitka 

57  03 

57  48 

135  20 
152  24 

30  26  E 
23  54  E 

+  1 

—2 

Moi> . .  . 
Neb. .  .  . 

Helena 

Lincoln  

46  37 
40  49 

112  02 
90  42 

20  18  E 
10  04  E 

+  1 

Kodiak 

+  1 

St.  Michael .... 

63  29 

162  01 

21  00  E 

—4 

Omaha 

41    16 

95  58 

9  54E 

+  1 

Dutch  Harbor. . 

53   53 

160  32 

16  28  E 

—4 

Nevada. 

Carson  City .  .  . 

39   10 

119  46 

17  49  E 

+  ^ 

KIska 

51  59 
34  34 

182  28 
112  30 

6  57E 
14  55  E 

—5 

+  3 

N.  H.   . 

liureka 

Concord  ....*.. 

39  31 
43   12 

115  68 
71  29 

17  49  E 
14  29W 

+y 

Ariz.... 

Prescott 

+t 

Yuma 

32  44 
31    20 

114  37 
110  56 

4  66E 
13  44E 

+  3 
+  3 

N.  J  .  .  . 
N.  Mes. 

Trenton. ...:.. 
Santa  Fe 

40  13 
35  41 

74  44 
105  57 

9  19W 
13  36  E 

+.'. 

Nogales 

+3 

ArW... 

Little  Rock 

34  44 

92  16 

7  06E 

+  2. 

N.  Y... 

Albany 

42  40 

73  45 

12  25W 

+5 

Cal 

Sacramento.. .  . 

38  34 

121  30 

17  30  E 

+  2 

New  York 

40  43 

74  00 

10  15W 

+0 

San  Francisco . . 

37  48 

122  25 

18  15  E 

+  2 

It!  aca 

42  27 

76  29 

8  33W 

+  6 

Los  Angeles 

34  04 

118  15 

16  00  E 

+  2 

Buff.alo 

42  55 

78  54 

7  16W 

+  4 

San  Diego 

32  43 

117   12 

15  34  E 

+  3 

N.  C... 

Rnleluh 

35  47 

78  38 

3  02W 

+  3 

Col 

Denver  .... 

39  45 
41   46 

105  00 

72  40 

14  50  E 
12  OOW 

+  2 
+  6 

N.  Bak. 

Wilmington..  .  . 
Bismarck 

34   13 

40  48 

77  50 
100  47 

2  52W 
15  08  E 

+  3 

Conn . . 

Hartford 

0 

New  Haven 

41    18 

72  55 

11   30W 

+  6 

Porcd)lna 

Columbus 

4S   58 

97  14 

U   15E 

—  1 

Del ... . 

Dover 

39  09 

75  31 

7  57  W 

+5 

Ohio. . . 

40  00 

83  00 

1  35W 

+  3 

Dlst.  Of 

Cleveland 

41   30 

81  42 

4  08W 

+  ^ 

Col  .. 

Washington 

38  53 

77  00 

6  04W 

+4 

Cincinnati 

39  08 

84  25 

0  55  E 

—2 

Florida. 

Tallahassee 

30  26 

84   17 

2  20E 

0 

Okla... 

Atoka 

34  24 

96  09 

8  54E 

+  2 

Jacksonville .  .  . 

30  20 

81  39 

0  57  E 

— 1 

Guthrie ....'... 

35  53 

97  25 

10  07  E 

+  2 

Key  West 

24  33 

81  48 

2   30  E 

0 

Oregon. 

Portland 

45  31 

122  41 

23  33  E 

+  1 

Georgia 

Atlanta 

33  44 

84  22 

1   33  E 

— 1 

Pa.    ... 

Harrlsburg .... 

40   16 

76  63 

7  42W 

+  5 

Savannah 

32  05 

81  05 

0   1.9  E 

— 1 

Philadelphia .  . . 

39   58 

75  10 

8  62W 

+  5 

Idaho. . 

Boise 

43  37 
39   50 

110  12 
89  39 

19  49  E 
4   13E 

+  1 
0 

E.  I... 

Allegheny 

Providence.  .    . 

40  29 

41  50 

80  01 
71   24 

4  53W 
13  29W 

+  4 

IlUnoIs. 

Sprlngfleld  .... 

-f-fi 

Chicago 

41   .54 

87  37 

2  36E 

— 1 

S.  C... 

Columbia 

34  00 

81  02 

0  29W 

+  2 

Indiana 

Indianapolis .  .  . 

39  47 

86  08 

0  56  E 

—1 

Charleston 

.32  47 

79  56 

1   19W 

+  2 

Fort  Wayne . .  . 

41   06 

85  08 

0   17W 

+  2 

S.  Dak. 

Pierre 

14  22 

100  22 

13  09  E 

+  1 

Iowa . . . 

Des  Moines.. . . 

41    36 

93  30 

8  05E 

+  1 

Yankton 

i2  53 

97  23 

11  21  E 

+  1 

Keokuk 

40  23 

91  23 

6  04E 

0 

Tenn. . . 

Nashville 

36  09 

86  48 

3  35E 

0 

Kansas. 

Topeka 

39  02 

95  43 

9  34  E 

+  1 

Knoxvllle 

35  56 

83  57 

0  23W 

+  r 

Ness  City 

38  28 
38  04 

99  54 
84  30 

U   45E 
0  15E 

+  2 
— 1 

Tex 

Memphis 

Aastln 

35  08 
30   17 

90  03 
97  44 

5  37  E 
9  03E 

+  1 

Ky 

Lexington 

+  3 

Paducah 

37  05 

88  37 

4  24E 

0 

San  Antonio .  . . 

29  27 

98  28 

9  40E 

+  3 

Louisville 

38   15 

85  42 

1   01  E 

— 1 

Houston 

29  47 

95  20 

8  33E 

+  3 

La 

Baton  Rouge. . . 

30  27 

91   11 

6  20E 

+  2 

Galveston 

29  18 

94  47 

8  12  E 

+  3 

New  Orleans.. . 
Shreveport .... 

30  00 
32  30 

90  05 
93  45 

5  50E 
7  37E 

+  2 
+  2 

Utah... 

El  Paso 

31    46 

106  29 
111  64 

12  54  E 
17  24  E 

+  ■•(• 

Salt  Lake 

40  46 

+  2 

Maine. . 

Bangor 

44  48 

43  39 

44  54 

68  48 
70  17 
66  59 

18  43W 
16   13W 
20  48W 

+  6 
+  6 
+  6 

Vt 

Ogden 

Montpeller 

141   13 
144   15 
44  28 

112  00 

72  32 

73  12 

18  10  E 
15  33W 
14  05W 

+  2 

Portland ...... 

Eastport 

+  6 

Burlington 

+  6 

Md . . . . 

Annapolis 

38  58 

76  29 

6  43W 

+  4 

Va 

Richmond 

37  32 

77  26 

4  59W 

+  4 

Baltimore 

39   16 

76  35 

6  S5W 

+  4 

Norfolk 

36  52 

76   17 

5  34W 

+  4 

Mass.. . 

Boston.  . .' 

42  22 

71  04 

14  15W 

+  6 

Lynchburg .  .  .  . 

37  25 

79  OS 

3  37W 

+  3 

Plttsfteld 

42  27 

73  17 

12  36W 

+  5 

Wash . . 

Olympia 

47  02 

122  54 

23  32  E 

+  1 

Mich... 

Lansing 

42  44 

84  32 

0  SOW 

+  2 

Walla  Walla .  .  . 

46  04 

118  21 

22  05  E 

+  1 

Detroit 

42  21 

83  03 

2  05W 

+  3 

W.  Va. . 

Charleston 

38  21 

81  3f 

2  48W 

+  3 

Marquette 

46  33 

87  22 

1  45  E 

—2 

Wheeling 

40  OJ 

80  44 

2  IIW 

+  3 

Minn . . 

St.  Paul 

44  rtf' 

93  05 

8  42  E 

0 

Wis.... 

Madison 

43  W 

89  25 

4  34E 

— 1 

Duluth 

46  46 

92  04 

8  32E 

— 1 

Milwaukee .  .  .  . 

43  04 

87  he 

3  OOE 

— 1 

Miss... 

Jackson 

32  10 

90  12 

6  25  E 

+  2 

T^a  Crosse 

43  5C 

91   14 

5  22E 

— 1 

Oxford 

34  22 

89  331  5  45  E 

+  1 

Wyo. . 

Cheyenne 

41   08 

104  49 

15  22  E 

+  2 

EXTREME   VALUES. 


Maine. . IN.  E.  Corner. . .  I ! |22  20W|+6  II  Alaska. |N.  E.  Corner..  .\ | ,|  40  30  E|— 1 


DEPENDENCIES. 


Cuba. . . 

Havana .... 

...23  08 

82  22 

3  04E 

0 

Haw'n 

Honolulu.  . . . 

21   18  157  52 

10  59  E 

+  2 

Santiago .  .  . 

. . .  20  00 

75  60 

0  50E 

—3 

Island.s. 

Hllo 

19  44 

155  06 

9  17E 

+  2 

Porto 

San  Juan. . . 

. . .  18  29 

66  07 

3  26W 

+  8 

Philip- 

Klco. 

Ponce 

...117  59 

66  40 

3  07W 

+  8 

pines. 

Manila 

14  35, 

.120  58  R 

0  53E 

U 

54 


Astronomical  Phenomena  for  the  Year  1919. 


ELEMENTS  OF  THE  SOLAR  SYSTEM. 


Name 

OF 

Planet. 


Mercury 

Venus 

Earth 

Mars 

Jupiter 

Saturn 

Uranus 

Neptune 

Name 

or 

Planet, 


Mean 

Dally 

Motion. 


14732.420 
5767. C696 
3548 . 192 
1886.5182 
299.1250 
120.4548 
42.2308 
21.530 


Sidereal 
Revolution- 
Days. 


87.96925 
224.70080 
365.25636 
686.97987 
43.32 .  6284 
10759.2225 
30688.5022 
60178.3060 


Distance  from  the  Sun. 


Astronomical  Units. 


Meaa. 


0.387099 
0.723331 
1 . 000000 
1 . 523688 
5.202803 
9.538843 
19.190978 
30.070672 


Greatest. 


0.466693 

0.728260 

1.016746 

1.665877 

5.454395 

10.071570 

20.094454 

30.327506 


Least. 


0.307505 
0.718402 
0.9832.54 
1.381499 
4.951211 
9.006106 
18.287502 
29.813838 


In 

Miles. 


35,960.500 

67,195,600 

92,897,400 

141.546,600 

483,327,000 

886,134,000 

1,782,792.000 

2,793,487,000 


Mercury. 
Venus. . . 
Earth .  .  . 
Mars.. . . 
Jupiter. . 
Saturn.  . 
Uranus.  .• 
Neptune. 


Eccentricity 

of 

Orbit.* 


0.2056167 
0.0068150 
0.0167460 
0.0933198 
0.0483570 
0.0558482 
0.0470781 
0.0085410 


Synodical 
Revolution- 
Days. 


115.877 
583.920 

779;936 
398.866 
378.090 
369.050 
367.482 


Inclination  of 
Orbit  to 
Ecliptic* 


7  0  11.2 
3  23  37.5 

i  5i    i'o 

1  18  29.1 

2  29  30.6 
0  46  21.9 
1.46  41,2 


Orbital  Velocity 

Miles 

Per  Second. 


29.73 

21.75 

18.50 

14.98 

8.11 

5.99 

4.22 

3.37 


N.\ME 

OF 

PL.\NET. 


Mercury. 
Venus.  . . 
Earth .  . . 

Mars 

Jupiter. . 
Saturn. . 
Uranus.  . 
Neptune. 


Mean  Longitude 

at  the 

Epoch.* 


115     4     3.26 

165     4  20.94 

99  47  20.22 

70  45     5.47 

242  24  21.96 

.53  23  10.90 

294  57     2.33 

111   24   32, -14 


Mean  Longitude 

of  the 

Perihelion.* 


76  5  10.9 
130  19  58.0 
101  25  37.7 
534  26  21.8 

12  54  18.0 

91  19  26.1 
169  14  25.8 

43  51  38.2 


Annual 
Sidereal 
Motion. 


+  5.7 
+  0.4 
+  11.6 
+  15.9 
+  7.6 
+  20.2 
+  7.4 
—  18,9 


Mean  Longitude 

of  the 
Ascending  Node. 


47  17  17.4 
75  53  15.5 

48  52  4216 
99  33  33.3 

112  53   17.7 

73  33     2.1 

130  48  38,9 


Annual 
Sidereal 
Motion. 


-  7.6 
-17.9 


-22.2 
-13,9 
-18.9 
-32.0 
-10.7 


Light  at 


Peri-      Ap- 
helion, hellon. 


10.58 
1.94 
1.03 
0,52 
0.04] 
0.012 
0.003 
0,001 


4.59 

1.91 

0.97 

0,38 

0.034 

0.010 

0.0025 

0.001 


*  Epoch  1912   January  Id  Greenwich  mean  time. 


— ^- 

Sun 
and   • 

PLANETS. 

Semi-diameter 

Volume. 

©=    1 

Ma.ss. 
©=    1 

Density. 

©=    1 

Axial 
Rotation. 

Gravity   at 
Surface. 
©=    1 

At 

Unit 

Distance. 

At  Mean 

Least 
Distance. 

In 

Miles 
(Mean). 

Sun 

15  59.6 
3.34 
8.55 

■■5;65 

1  37.16 

1  21.17 

33.5 

38.7 

ii'.ih 

30.90 

'9;  64 

23.12 

9.55 

1.84 

1.33 

432183.68 
1504.24 
3850.67 

2274^37 
43758.03 
36558.86 
15096.43 
17411.34 

1303371.8 

0.054955 

0.921875 

1 . 000000 

0.189953 

1352.809 

788.934 

55. 550 

85.224 

329390 

0.054898 

0.807328 

1.000000 

0.106478 

314.4985 

94.0684 

14.4033 

16.7199 

0.2527 

0.99895 

0.87574 

1 . 00000 

0.56055 

0.23247 

0.11923 

0.25928 

0.19619 

D.  H.  M.  s. 
25     9     7  12 
24     5  ? 

23  21   ? 
23  56  4.09 

24  37  23 
9  55  41 

10  14  24 
Unknown. 
Unknown. 

27.6057 

.37979 

. 85236 

1 . 00000 

. 32222 

2.57115 

1.10175 

.98932 

.86338 

Mercury 

Venus 

Earth 

Mars 

Jupiter 

Saturn 

Uranus 

Neptune 

ASTRONOMICAL    PHENOMENA    FOR    THE    YEAR    1919. 

ASTRONOMICAL    SIGNS    AND    SYMBOLS. 


Conjunction. 
Quadrature. 
Opposition. 
A.scending  Node. 
Descending  Node. 


0  The  Sun.  d"  Mars.  c5 

g;  The  Moon.  %  Jupiter.  n 

§  Mercury.  Tj  Saturn.  § 

?  Venus.  ifi  Uranus.  Q 

©  The  Earth.  ly  Neptune.  y 

Two  heavenly  bodies  are  in  "conjunction"  (-3)  when  they  have  the  same  Rioht 
Ascension,  or  are  on  the  same  meridian,  i.  e.,  when  one  is  due  north  or  south  of  the 
otlaer;  if  the  bodies  are  near  each  other  as  seen  from  the  earth,  they  will  rise  and  set 
at  the  same  time;  they  are  in  "opposition"  (§ )  when  in  opposite  quarters  of  the  heavens, 
or  when  one  rises  just  as  the  other  is  setting.  "Quadrature"  (n)  is  half  way  between 
conjunction  and  opposition.  By  "greatest  elongation"  is  meant  the  greatest  apparent 
angular  distance  from  the  sun;  the  planet  is  then  generally  most  favorably  situated  for 
observation.  Mercury  can  be  seen  with  the  naked  eye  only  at  this  time.  When  a 
planet  is  in  its  "ascending"  (ifj)  or  "descending"  (t3)  node  it  is  crossing  the  plane  of 
the  earth's  orbit.  The  term  "Perihelion"  means  nearest  to  the  sun,  and  "Aphelion" 
farthest  from  the  sun.  An  "occultation"  of  a  planet  or  star  is  an  eclipse  of  it  by 
some  other  body,  usually  the  moon. 


Astronomical  Phenomena  for  the  Yea^  1919. 


55' 


I.— THE     MOON'S     PHASES. 
Eastern  Standard  Time  (Old). 


New  Moon 

D. 

Jan.     2 
9 

16 
23 

.Tan.   31 

Feb.     7 

14 

22 

Mar.    2 

8 

10 

24 

H.    M. 

3  24  A.M. 

5  55  A.M. 
3  44  A.M. 

11  22  P.M. 

6  7  P.M. 
1  62  P.M. 
6  38  P.M. 
8  48  P.M. 

6  11  A.M. 
10  14  P.M. 

10    41    A.M. 

3  34  P.M. 

D. 

Mar.  31 

April    7 

15 

23 

April  30 

May     6 

14 

22 

May  29 

June    5 

13 

21 

H.    M. 

4  5    P.M. 

7  39  A.M. 
3  25  A.M. 

6   21    A.M, 

12  30  A.M. 

6  34  P.M. 

8  1    P.M. 

5  4p.m. 

8    12    A.M. 

7  22  A.M. 

11  28    A.M. 

12  33  A.M. 

D. 

June  27 

July     4 

13 

20 

July  27 

Aug.     3 

11 

18 

Aug.  25 

Sept.    2 

9 

10 

H.    M. 

3  53  P.M. 

10   17  P.M. 

1      2    A.M. 

6      3    A.M. 

12'  21    A.M. 

3  12  P.M. 
12  40  P.M. 

10    50   A.M. 

10  37  A.M. 

9  22  A.M. 

10  54  P.M. 

4  32  P.M. 

■       D. 

Sept.  23 

Oct.     2 

9 

16 

Oct.   23 
31 

Nov.    7 
14 

Nov.  22 
30 

Dec.  7 
14 

Dec.  22 
30 

H. 

11 
3 
8 

12 

3 

S 

6 

10 

10 

11 

5 

1 

5 

12 

M. 

34  P.M. 

First  Quarter 

Full  Moon 

37    A.M. 
39   A.M 

5  a.m. 

Npw  Moon 

40  P.M. 

First  Quaiter 

43  P.M. 

Full  Moon 

35  P.M. 

40  A.M, 

New  Moon    

20  A.i'. 

First  Quarter 

Full  Moon 

47    A.M. 
4   A.W. 

Last  Quarter 

2   A.M. 

New  Moon    . 

55  A.M. 

First  Quarter 

25    A.M. 

Atlantic  Time  may  be  found  by  adding  Ih.;  Central,  Mountain,  Pacific,  Alaska,  or  Hawaiian  Time 
may  be  found  by  subtracting  In.,  2h.,  3h.,  5h.,  or  5.5h.,  respectively.  Besides  this,  Ih.  i3  to  be  added  lor 
Summer  Time. 

II.— ECLIPSES. 

The  year  1919  is  notable  for  an  annular  eclipse  of  the  sun,  the  first  since  1908  to  be  visible  in  the  United 
States  and  the  last  until  1930.  The  path  of  annular  phase  has  the  unusual  width  of  230  miles,  and  the 
duration  of  eight  to  twelve, minutes  is  the  greatest  iwssible  for  an  annular  eclipse.  Only  the  States  o/ 
Texas  and  Louisiana  will  witness  the  annular  phase. 

In  the  year  1919  there  will  be  three  eclipses  in  all,  two  of  the  sun  and  one  of  the  moon. 

1.  A  total  eclipse  of  the  sun,  May  29,  invisible  in  the  United  States.  Visible  generally  as  a  partfal 
eclipse  In  South  America  and  Africa.  The  path  of  totaUty  begins  oh  the  we.^t  coast  of  South  America, 
passes  through  Chile,  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Brazil,  thence  across  the  Atlantic  Ocean  near  the  equator,  into 
Liberia,  through  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  across  the  Congo  region,  over  the  south  end  of  Lake  Tanganyika  and 
the  north  end  of  Lake  Nyassa,  and  ends  off  the  coast  of  Africa  in  the  Channel  of  Mozambique. 

2.  A  small  partial  eclipse  of  the  moon,  November  7-8,  visible  in  the  United  States  on  November  7, 
beginning  at  5h.  58m.  p.  m.  and  ending  at  7h.  30m.  p.  m.,  eastern  standard  time.  Visible  generally  in 
western  Asia,  in  Europe,  Africa,  and  the  eastern  parts  of  North  and  South  America. 

Magnitude  0.184  (Moon's  diameter  =  1.0).  First  contact  with  the  shadow  is  143°  from  the  north 
point  of  the  moon  toward  the  cast.     Last  contact  is  16G°  from  the  north  point  toward  the  west. 

3.  As  already  noted,  an  annular  eclipse  of  the  sun,  November  22;  visible  generally  as  a  partial  echpse 
in  the  United  States,  Mexico,  Central  America,  the  northern  two-thirds  of  South  America,  in  northwestern 
Africa,  in  Great  Britain,  France  and  Spain.  Tlie  annular  phase  begins  at  sunrise  in  western  Texas,  passes 
through  that  State  and  across  the  southwestern  corner  of  Louisiana,  thence  across  the  Gulf  of  Mexic9, 
includes  the  island  of  Cuba,  thence  through  the  Caribbean  Sea  and  by  a  wide  curve  sweeps  over  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  and  ends  in  the  French  Sudan  near  Tlmbuctoo. 


ANNULAR   ECLIPSE   OF   THE    SUN,    NOVEMBER   22,    1919. 
Where  Visible  as  an  Annular  Eclipse. 


Place. 

Standard 
Time 
Here 
Used. 

Eclipse 
Begins. 

Annular 
Phase 
Begins. 

Annular 
Phase 
Ends. 

Eclip.se 
Ends. 

Dist.  N. 

or  S.  from 

Central 

Line. 

Width  of 

Shadow 

Path. 

Big  Spring,  Tex 

Del  Rio   'Tex     

Central 

At 

«« 

•  < 

•  • 

•  4 
11 

1. 
«t 

H.     M. 

Bef .  sunrise 

•1 
•1 
11 
•1 

11 
•1 

1* 

H.    M.    s. 
7  25  23  A.M. 
7  25  40  a.m. 
7  26  12  a.m. 
7  25     0  a.m. 
7  28  30  a.m. 
7  27  53  a.m. 
7  24  38  a.m. 
7  25  47  A.M. 
7  25     6  a.m. 
7  26  54  a.m. 
7  24  42  A.M. 
7  24  46  a.m. 
7  26  54  a.m. 
7  27  47  a.m. 
7  25  55  a.m. 
7  27   10  a.m. 
7  26     6  a.m. 
7  26     0  a.m. 
7  29  23  a.m. 
7  28  44  a.m. 

H.    M.    s. 
7  31  40  a.m. 
7  28  30  a.m. 
7  31  24  a.m. 
7  31  50  a.m. 
7  29  30  a.m. 
7  30  37  A.M. 
7  31  26  a.m. 
7  30  11  A.M. 
7  32   13  A.M. 
7  31  50  a.m. 
7  32     2  a.m. 
7  31  48  a.m. 
7  31  56  a.m. 
.7  31  25  a.m. 
7  32  25  a.m. 
7  31  50  a.m. 
7  32  40  a.m. 
7  32  58  a.m. 
7  31     7  a.m. 
7  31  44  a.m. 

a.   M. 

8  49  A.M. 
8    48    A.M. 
8  49   A.M. 
8  50  A.M. 

8    51    A.M. 

S  52  A.M. 

8    51    A.M. 
8    51    A.M. 

8  52  A.M. 
8  52  A.M. 
8  52  A.M. 
8  52  A.M. 
8  53  A.M. 
8  53  A.M. 
8  54  A.M. 
8  54  A.M. 
8  55  A.M. 
8  55  A.M. 
8  66  A.M. 
8  57  A.M. 

Miles. 

61  N. 
117  S. 

88  N. 

41  N. 
125  N. 
116  N. 

47  S. 

100  s. 

32  N. 

92  N. 

15  S. 

40  S. 

91  N. 
108  N. 

60  N. 

97  N. 

68  N. 

46  N. 
120  N. 
114  N. 

Miles. 
229 
229 

Colorado  Tex  

229 

San  Angelo,  Tex 

228 
228 

Comanche,  Tex 

San  Antonio,  Tex 

BeevlUe,  Tex , 

228 
228 
227 

Austin  Tex           

227 

Belton  Tex 

226 

Gonzales,  Tex 

Cuei'o  Tex    

226 
226 

Cameron,  Tex .... 

Calvert  Tex     

226 
226 

.Brenham,  Tex 

Bryan  Tex 

225 
225 

Houston,  Tex 

Galveston,  Tex 

Beaumont,  Tex 

Port  Arthur,  Tex 

225 
225 
224 
224 

Havana,  Cuba 

Santiago  de  Cuba .... 
Port  au  Prince,  Haiti. . 

F„i.stern 

7  16  a.m. 
7  18  a.m. 
7  .20  A .  M. 

.8  33  31  A.M. 
8  42  20  a.m. 
8  48  54  a.m. 

8  41  42  a.m. 
8  50  ,50  a.m. 
8  56  50  a.m. 

10   18   A.M. 
10  37  A.M. 
10  49  A.M. 

18  N. 
32  N. 
60  N. 

216    . 

213 

211 

Port  of  Spain,  Trin'd . . 

Atlantic 

8  34  A.M. 

10  20  30  a.m. 

10  27  46  a.m. 

12  37  P.M. 

83  S. 

206 

The  position  of  first  and  last  contacts  will  be  288°  and  108°,  respectively;  both  angles  are  measured 
from  the  north  point  of  the  sun  toward  the  east. 


56 


Astronomical  Phenomena  for  the  Year  1919. 


ANNUiAR   ECLIPSE   OF   THE    SUN,    NOVEMBER   22,    1919— CoTUlnued. 


Where  Visible  as  a  Large  Partial  Eclipse. 


Placi 


Cheyenne,  Wyo 

Deuver,  Col 

Phoenix,  Ariz 

Salt  Lake  City.  Uia'n 

Santa  Fe,  N.  iVlex 

.Ann  Arbor,  Mich 

Bismarck,  N.  Dak 

Chicago,  III 

Cincinnati.  Oh-o 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Miss 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Little  Rock,  Ark 

Louisville,  Ky 

Madison,  Wis 

Minncanolia,  Minn 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Nashville,  Tena 

New  Orleana.  La 

Oklahoma  City,  Okla 

Omaha,  Neb 

Oxlord,  Misa 

Pierre,  S.  Dak 

Springfield,  III , 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Tallahassee,  Fla 

Topeka,  Kan 

i^uscaloosa,  Ala 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Allegheny.  Pa 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Augusta,  Me 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

CharJottesville,  V'a 

Charleston,  VV.  Va 

Columbia.  S.  C 

Dover,  De! 

Harrisburg,  Pa 

Ithaca,  N.  Y 

New  Haven,  Ct 

New  York,  N.  V 

Panama,  Panama 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Raleigh,  N.  C 

Richmond,  Va 

Washington,  D.  C 

San  Juan,  P.  R 

♦  Sun's  dlf-Eneter  =   1.00 


Standard 

Time  Here 

Eclipse 

Eclipse  at 

Eclipse 

Position  Angle. 

♦Mag- 

Used. 

Begins. 

Maximum. 

Ends. 

Beg. 

End. 

nitude. 

H.    M. 

H.     M. 

H.     M. 

o 

0 

Mountain 

Bef.  sunrise 

At  sunrise 

7    51    A.M. 
7    SO    A.M. 
7  42  A.M. 
7  47  A.M. 
7  47  A.M. 

... 

119 
117 
104 
114 
111 

0.58 
0.62 
0  39 
0.25 
0.68 

Central 

Be!,  sunrise 

7    48    A.M. 

9    10    A.M. 

... 

132 

0.54 

•' 

" 

At  sunrise 

8   56  A.M. 

.  . 

128 

0.52 

•* 

'* 

7  44  A.M. 

9      6    A.M. 

130 

0.57 

*' 

" 

7  44  A.M. 

9    10    A.M. 

128 

0.00 

" 

6  36  A.M. 

7  49  A.M. 

9    13    A.M. 

260 

133 

0.53 

•* 

6  32  A.M. 

7   40  A.M. 

9    12    A.M. 

263 

130 

0.57 

** 

Bef.  sunrise 

7  40  A..M. 

9      0    A.M. 

126 

0.64 

*• 

*' 

7  34  A.M. 

9      2    A.M. 

116 

0.82 

•• 

** 

7  37  A.M. 

8  58  A.M. 

122 

0.70 

•• 

4t 

7  34  A.M. 

9      0   A.M. 

•  •  > 

118 

0.78 

*• 

■  • 

7  42  A.M. 

9      8    A.M. 

126 

0.64 

•• 

•  • 

7  44  A.M. 

9      4   A.M. 

130 

0.57 

•• 

«• 

7  44  A.M. 

9       1    A.M. 

130 

0.56 

*• 

<* 

7  37  A.M. 

9      9    A.M. 

119 

0.77 

•* 

«• 

7  39  A.M. 

9      7    A.M. 

123 

0.69 

•• 

•  • 

7  33  A.M. 

9      2    A.M. 

113 

0.87 

*» 

«• 

7  32  A.M. 

8  54  A.M. 

' 

116 

0.81 

•• 

•  t 

7  38  A.M. 

8  58  A.M. 

124 

0.66 

•* 

•  • 

7  36  A.M. 

9     4  a.m. 

119 

0.76 

" 

"      / 

At  sunrise 

8  55  A.M. 

125 

0.60 

" 

S< 

7  40  A.M. 

9      4   A.M. 

126 

0.64 

<• 

•• 

7  39  A.M. 

9      3    A.M. 

124 

0.67 

<• 

6    19   A.M. 

7  38  A.M. 

9    12    A.M. 

278 

118 

0.80 

*• 

Bef.  sunrise 

7  36  A.M. 

8  57  A.M. 

121 

0.71 

" 

7  37  A.M. 

9      6    A.M. 

119 

0.77 

•Eastern 

7  46  a.m. 

9      0   A.M. 

10  24  A.M. 

253 

138 

0.43 

*' 

7  35  A.M. 

8  50  A.M. 

10    16    A.M. 

200 

133 

0.53 

" 

7  22  A.M. 

8  40  A.M. 

10    11    A.M. 

273 

122 

0.72 

•• 

7  56  A.M. 

9      8   A.M. 

10  29  A.M. 

248 

142 

0.37 

*• 

7  49  A.M. 

9      4    A.M. 

10  28  A.M. 

252 

140 

0.41 

** 

7    41    A.M. 

8   54  A.M. 

10    16    A.M. 

256 

138 

0.48 

•• 

7  32  A.M. 

8  49  A.M. 

10    20    A.M. 

263 

131 

0.57 

•• 

7  30  A.M. 

8  46  A.M. 

10    14   A.M. 

264 

129 

0.59 

•• 

7  24  A.M. 

8   43  A.M. 

10    17    A.M. 

271 

124 

0.68 

•• 

7  37  A.M. 

8  54  A.M. 

10  24  A.M. 

260 

134 

0.52 

•• 

7  38  A.M. 

8   53  A.M. 

10    21    A.M. 

259 

134 

0.51 

•• 

7  42  A.M. 

8    SO    A.M. 

10    20   A.M. 

255 

137 

0.46 

•• 

7  44  A.M. 

9     0  A..\i. 

10  26  A.M. 

254 

138 

0.45 

•* 

7  42  A.M. 

8  58  A..M. 

10  25  A.M. 

256 

1.36 

0.47 

*• 

7  23  A.M. 

8  45  A.M. 

10  28  A.M. 

309 

92 

0.64 

•• 

7  39  A.M. 

8  55  A.M. 

10  24  A.M. 

258 

135 

0.50 

•• 

7  28  A.M. 

8  48  A.M. 

10    21    A.M. 

266 

128 

0.62 

•* 

7  32  A.M. 

8  50  A.M. 

10  22  A.M. 

263 

131 

0.57 

** 

7  35  A.M. 

8  52  A.M. 

10    21    A.M. 

261 

132 

0.54 

Atlantic 

8  27  A.M. 

10      7    A.M. 

12    11    P.M. 

284 

113 

0.86 

III.— PLANETARY   CONFIGURATIONS, 
Eastern  Standard  Time  (Old.) 


1919. 


Jan. 


Feb. 


D.    H.   M. 

D. 

H. 

M. 

1    12      0  P.M. 

8  "-IT) 

Mar;    2 

11 

0 

A.M. 

^{ 

stationary. 

3  12     4  A.M. 

6  'i  a- 

2 

10 

4 

P.M. 

d  5  S 

3     4     0  A.M. 

© 

in  perihelion. 

3 

1 

28 

P.M. 

6  d€ 

4     2  54  P.M. 

6  d  & 

4 

3 

46 

A.M. 

6  rE 

6     10  P.M. 

9 

in  aphelion. 

10 

6 

46 

A.M. 

d  -21  tf 

7  10     0  P.M. 

$ 

gr.  elong.  W.  23°  13'. 

11 

2 

0 

P.M. 

d  §  (f 

5  N.  0°  59'. 

8     7     0  A.«. 

d" 

in  perihelion. 

14 

12 

64 

A.M. 

6  h€ 

14  11  50  P.M. 

6-}i€ 

14 

8 

0 

P.M. 

'--  5 

in  perihelion. 

18     6  27  P.M. 

6h€ 

21 

9 

0 

A.M. 

$ 

gr.  elong.  E.  18° 

35' 

29     3     0  A.M. 

9 

gi-.  hel.  lat.  S. 

26 

10 

0 

A.M. 

9 

inQ. 

29     9     0  P.M. 

§ 

in  apiielion. 

28 

9 

0 

A.M. 

DT/O 

30     1     4  P.M. 

6  $€ 

28 

12 

0 

P.M. 

5 

stationary. 

2     5  41   A.M. 

6  9  € 

April    1 

10 

3 

A.M. 

d  d  C 

2     39  P.M. 

6  d  r. 

1 

10 

24 

A.M. 

d  §  C 

11      2    14   A.M. 

6^J€ 

1 

3 

0 

P.M. 

d  5  c^ 

5  N.  4°  2'. 

13     9     0  A.M. 

d  ?  d- 

9  S.  0°  35'. 

2 

9 

3 

P.M. 

d  9  ® 

14     9     0  AM. 

S  h  O 

6 

4 

5 

P.M. 

14  10     2  P.M. 

6  h  s; 

8 

2 

0 

A.M. 

d    8  O  inferior. 

23     4    0  P.M. 

d   §  G  superior. 

10 

4 

11 

A.M. 

d  >2  C 

How  the  Yosemite  Gorge  Was  Formed. 


57 


PLANETARY   CONFIGITRATTONS,    1919 — Continued. 


D.    B.    M. 

D. 

H.    M. 

April  20  12    0      M. 

5        stationary. 

Aug.  25 

7      0  P.M. 

^  J.^9 

23  10    0  P.M. 

Vl        stationary. 

27 

7  34  A.M. 

d  9  C 

27     8     0  P.M. 

$        In  aphelion. 

Sept.    1 

3     0  P.M. 

5        gr.  elong.  W.  18°  8'. 

28  11    0  A.M. 

(5   §  C 

2 

4      0  A.M. 

6   d  "H  d  N.O"  41'. 

28    9    0  P.M. 

9       In  perihelion. 

6 

7     0  P.M. 

5        in  perihelion. 

30    5  25  A.M. 

6  cT® 

10 

8     0  P.M. 

9        gr.  hel.  lat.  S. 

May    2    3  16  p.m. 

6  9  S 

U 

3      0  A.M. 

d   y  h    §  N.  0°  T. 

4     6  42  A.M. 

6  "^C 

12 

10      0    P.M. 

d   9  O  inferior. 

6     2     0  A.M. 

0        gr.  elong.  W.  26»  36'. 

16 

4      0   A.M. 

d    $    9    $  N.  11°  17'. 

7  10  16  A.M. 

6h  <S, 

20 

5  68  A.M. 

d  ^C 

9     2     0  P.M. 

6  d  O 

20 

9  33  P.M. 

(i  d  ^ 

11       3      0   A.M. 

d"    In  a. 

22 

5  23  A.M. 

5  'i  @] 

13     8    0  A.M. 

Uh  O 

22 

2  29  P.M. 

d  9  C 

20  10    0  P.M. 

9        gr.  hel.  lat.  N. 

23 

11  20  P.M. 

d  §  i£ 

25     6     0  P.M. 

(5   9  "3/   9  N.  2°  7'. 

27 

3      0  A.M. 

d   5  O  superior. 

28     6  36  A.M. 

d   §  C 

Oct.      2 

5     0  A.M. 

9        stationary. 

29  12     3  A.M. 

6  d  € 

17 

7  54  P.M. 

d)  %  <S, 

June    1    1  16  A.M. 

19 

12  38  P.M. 

d  cf  (£ 

1  12  38  P.M. 

6  9  C 

19 

5  14  P.M. 

6h  € 

3     8  17  P.M. 

6  hi. 

20 

1      0   A.M. 

9        gr.  brilliancy. 

6     8     0  P.M. 

6    $   cf   5  S.  0°  21'. 

20 

4      4  A.M. 

d  9  C 

10     8     0  P.M. 

§        In  perihelion. 

-20 

7     0  P.M. 

0        in  aphelion. 

11      9      0  A.M. 

5  5  G  superior. 

24 

7      0    A.M. 

6  d  h   d  S..0°  5'. 

26     6  14  P.M. 

6  d(L 

25 

5    11    A.M. 

d  5  C 

27     2     0  A.M. 

6    §  "3;    5  N.  1°  38'. 

Nov.    6 

3      0    A.M. 

9      mfi. 

28     9  44  P.M. 

6  '■'  6] 

10 

10      0    A.M. 

WHO 

29     3  32  AJkT. 

6  ^  % 

12 

7      0    A.M. 

d       gr.  hel.  lat.  N. 

July     1     7  25  A.M. 

6  9  C 

12 

4     0  P.M. 

$        gr.  elong.  E.  22°  48', 

1     9  35  A.M. 

6h€ 

14 

7    17  A.M. 

d  "y  (£ 

2     4     0  P.M. 

6  9.^9  s.  0°  10'. 

16 

3   17  A.M. 

d  h  ^ 

3     5    0  A.M. 

0'       in  aphelion. 

17 

2  19  A.M. 

(5  d  u. 

5     2     0  A.M. 

V        gr.  elong.  E.  45°  28'. 

18 

8  28  A.M. 

d  9  C 

15  11     0  P.M. 

9        in  C. 

22 

7     0  P.M. 

5        stationary. 

IS  12     0      M. 

§       «r.  elong.  E.  26°  47'. 

23 

5     0  P.M. 

9        gr.  elong.  W.  46°  44'. 

20    9    0  P.M. 

6  ^/  O' 

23 

11  34  P.M. 

d  $  C 

24     7     0  P.M. 

§        In  aphelion. 

Dec.    2 

6     0  P.M. 

d    $  O  Inferior. 

25  12     2  P.M. 

6  d  IS, 

3 

6     0  P.M. 

5        in  perihelion. 

26     6  13  P.M. 

d  ^/C 

4 

8      0   A.M. 

a  Ij.O 

28  10     8  P.M. 

6  5  C  - 

5 

2     0  P.M. 

11       stationary. 

29  12  36  A.M. 

6  h€ 

9 

7     0  P.M. 

9        in  perihelion. 

30  12     0      M. 

6  9  6; 

11 

4  29  P.M. 

d  lie 

31     2     0  P.M. 

5        stationary. 

12 

11      0  A.M. 

5        stationary. 

Aug.    7     8    0  P.M. 

9        gr.  brilliancy. 

13 

12  15  P.M. 

d  h  C 

15     8     0  A.M. 

d  §  3  inferior. 

15 

2  26  P.M. 

6  d  € 

19     7     0  A.M. 

9        in  aphelion. 

18 

1      0  A.M. 

d       in  aphelion. 

20  10     0  A.M. 

9        stationary. 

18 

4  27  A.M. 

4   5  f 

23     5  15  A.M. 

6  d€ 

20 

6  29  A.M. 

d  0  C 

23     1  17  Pja. 

6-n€ . 

21 

10      0  A.M. 

$        gr.  elong.  W.  21°  47'. 

24     9  28  A.M. 

6  §  C 

24 

2      0   A.M. 

h        stationary. 

24  12     0      M. 

6       stationary. 

31 

3     0  P.M. 

9        gr.  hel.  lat.  N. 

25     3  38  P.M. 

6h€ 

.    THE    MAGNETIC    POLES. 

The  geographical  poles  of  the  earth  are  the  extremities  of  the  imaginary  line  passing  through  its  centre 
of  gravity  and  about  which  It  revolves,  and  are  therefore  symmetrically  located  with  regard  to  the  equator. 

The  magnetic  poles  ho^e/er,  are  not  coincident  with  the  geographical  poles,  nor  are  they  diametrically 
opposite  to  each  other.  Prior  to  the  recent  attempt  of  Amundsen  to  determine  the  north  magnetic  pole, 
the  only  other  was  by  Capt.  James  Ross  in  June.  1831,  who  found  the  dip  of  the  magnetic  needle  to  be 
89°  59'  .5,  in  latitude  70°  5'  .2  N.  and  longitude  96°  45'  .8  W.  which  is  in  King  William  Land,  Canada. 
The  result  of  Amundsen's  observations  has  not  yet  been  published  by  the  Norwegian  authorities. 

For  the  south  magnetic  pole,  from  a  consideration  of  all  the  results  available,  according  to  the  Unitea 
States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  the  position  latitude  72°  .7  S.  and  longitude  lSC-°  E.  has  been  tentatively 
adopted.  These  values  are  only  roughly  approximate,  and  tor  that  reason  are  given  only  in  degrees  and 
tenths. 

By  reason  of  the  annual  variation  of  the  magnetic  needle,  it  Is  believed  that  the  magnetic  poles  are 
not  stationary,  but  have  a  slow  motion  around  the  geographical  poles.  The  subject  is  shrouded  in  mystery 
and  constitutes  one  of  the  many  as  yet  unsolved  problems  in  terrestrial  physics. 


HOW    THE    YOSEMITE    GORGE    WAS    FORMED. 

(By  the  United  States  Department  of  the  Interior.) 
Geologists  have  determined,  by  unerring  fact,  that  the  river  did  by  far  the  most  of  the  work,  and 
that  the  great  glacier  which  followed  the  water  ages  afterwards  did  little  more  than  square  its  corners  and 
steepen  Its  c'ifls.  It  may  have  increased  the  depth  from  seven  hundred  to  a  thousand  feet,  not  more. 
During  the  uncountable  years  since  the  glaciers  vanished,  erosion  has  again  marvelously  used  Its  wonder 
chisel.  With  the  lessening  of  the  Merced's  volume,  the  effect  was  no  longer  to  deepen  the  channel  but 
to  amazingly  carve  and  decorate  the  walls. 


58 


Star  Table. 


POLE    STAR. 

MEAN  TIME  OF  TRANSIT  (AT  WASHINGTON)  AND  POLAR  DISTANCE  OF  POLARIS. 


1919. 

January,     jj    February. 

March. 

APRIL. 

May.        I 

JUNE. 

05 

Upper 
Tran- 
sit. 

1 

Polar    ■  Lower 
Dis-     1  Tran- 
tance.  j    sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Lower 
Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Lower 
Transit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Lower 
Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Lower 
Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

1 

n 

21 

p.  M. 
H.  M.  s. 

6  49  30 
6  10    0 
5  30  30 

'\      A.    M. 
"      '    "■    H.  M.  S. 
I    7.  \o.    4  49    2 
1     7  I4'i   4    9  32 
1    7  l;i;  1   3  30    4 

of// 
1    7  14 
1    7  15 
1    7  16 

A.    M. 
H.  M.  s. 

2  58  31 
2  19    5 
1  39  42 

0  /  /' 

1  7  18 
1    7  21 
1    7  24 

A.   M. 

H.  M    3. 
12  56  23 
12  17    3 
11  33  50  P.M. 

0  1  II 

1  7  27 
1    7  30 
1    7  33 

p.  M. 
H.  M.  s. 

10  54  34 
10  15  20 
9  36    8 

0  t  II 

1  7  36 
1    7  39 
1    7  41 

p.  M. 
H.  M.  8. 

8  53  2 
8  13  54 
7  34  45 

0  i  If 

1  7  43 
1    7  45 
1    7  46 

1919. 

July. 

1         AUGUST.         1 

September,    i 

OCTOBER.             1 

November,    i 

Dece.mber. 

OS 

Lower 

Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 

Dis- 
tance. 

1 

!  Upper 
Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Upper 
Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Upper 
Transit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Upper 
Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

Upper 
Tran- 
sit. 

Polar 
Dis- 
tance. 

1 
11 

21 

p.  M. 
H.  M.  s. 
6  55  37 
6  16  29 
5  37  22 

0  /  // 

1  7  4o 
1    7  46 
1    7  45 

A.  -.1. 
H.  M.  s. 
4  56  16 
4  17    8 
3  37  59 

0  /  // 

1  7  44 
1    7  42 
1    7  40 

A.   M. 
H.  M.  s. 
2  54  54 
2  15  43 
1  36  31 

It    1  II 

1    7  37 
1    7  34 
1    7  30 

A.    M. 
H.  M.  S. 
12  57  17 
12  18    2 
11  34  48  P.M. 

0  1  II 

1  7  27 
1    7  23 
1    7  19 

p.  M. 
H.  M.  s. 
10  51  32 
10  12  11 

9  32  48 

0  1  II 

1  7  15 
1    7  12 

1    7    8 

p.  M. 
H.  M.  s. 
8  53  23 
8  13  57 
7  34  30 

0  r    /# 

1  7    5 
1    7    2 
1    6  59 

From  June  16  to  August  1  botli  ttie  upper  and  lower  transits  take  place  during  daylight.   The  azimuth 
at  the  time  ot  greatest  Eastern  or  Western  elongation  can  be  easily  computed  Irom  the  formula: 

sin  p 

sin  A  = 

cos  I 
where  A  denotes  the  azimuth,  v  the  polar  distance,  and  I  the  latitude  of  the  place. 

DATE   OF    GREATEST    ELONGATION. 
To  find  the  time  of  greatest  Eastern  or  Western  elongation,  let  H  denote  the  hour  angle,  and  I  and  y  aa 
before,  tlien  v/e  shall  Save 

cos  H  =  tan  p  tan  I. 
And  the  hour  angle  in  mean  time  is 

//ra  =  fl^°  X  0.0664846. 
This  quantity,  ffm,  added  to  or  subtracted  from  the  time  ot  transit  given  above,  according  to  the  elonga- 
tion reQUlred,  will  give  the  mean  time  ot  tlie  greatest  elongation  at  any  place  whose  north  latitude  is  I. 


STAR 

FOR   IDENTIFYING    THE 


TABLE. 

PRINCIPAL 


FIXED    STARS. 


Name  op  Stap.. 


«Andromedae  (Alpheratz)  . 

vPegasi  (.■^Igenib) 

aCasslopeise  (Sohedir) .  .  .  . 

aArietIs 

/gPersei  (Algol) 

aTaurl  (Aldebaran) 

aAurigse  (Capella) 

aOrionis  (Betelguese) 

aCanis  Majorls  (Sirius) . .  , 

aGeminorum  (Castor) 

aCanis  Minorls  (Procyon) 
3Geminorum  (Pollux) .  .  , 
aLeonis   (Regulus) 


Decli- 
nation. 


+  28  38 
+  14  44 
+  56  5 
+  23  4 
+  40  38 
+  16  21 
+  45  55 
+  7  24 
—16  36 
+  32  4 
+  5  26 
+  28  14 
+  12  22 


On  Meridian. 


Upper. 

H.    M, 

-  127. 

-  1  22. 
-0  55. 
■  0  30 

1  30 


+ 


2  59, 

3  38 

4  18 

5  9, 
+  5  56, 
+  62 
+  ■6  7, 
+  8  30 


Lower. 

H.  M. 
4+10  30.6 
,5+10  35.5 
,7+11  2.3 
.7  + 12  28.7 
.8  +  13  28.8 
,0+  14  57.0 
.3  +  15  36.3 
.3  +  16  16.3 
.0  +  17  7.0 
6+17  54.6 
.3+18  0.3 
5+18  5.5 
,8  +  20  28.8 


Name  of  Star. 


) 
aVlrginia  (Spica) .  . . 
aBootis  (Arcturus) . 

/SUrssB  Minorls 

iiCoroniB  Borealls. . . 
aScorpii  (An tares)  ,^; 

aLyriB  (Vega) 

aAquilffi  (Altair) 

aCygni  (Deneb) . . . . 

aCephei 

aAquarii 

aPiscis  Australls. . . . 
aPegasi  (Markab) . . 


Decli- 

nation. 

0    » 

—10  44 

+  19  37 

+74  29 

+  26  59 

—26  15 

+  38  42 

+  8  39 

+  44  59 

+  62  14 

—  0  43 

—30    4 

+  14  46 

On  Meridian. 


Upper. 

H.    M 

+  11  47. 
+ 12  38, 
+  13  16, 
+  13  57, 
+ 14  50, 
+  16  59 
+  18  12 
+  19  3 
+  19  41, 
+  20  26 
+  21  17 
+  2125 


Lower. 

H.  M. 
2  +  23  45.2 
0+  0  40.0 
9+  1  18.9 
2+  159.2 
2+2  52.2 
,6+  5  1.6 
0+6  14.0 
8+7  5.8 
,6+  7  43.6 
4+  8  28.4 
,9+9  19^ 
.4+  9  2f.i 


To  And  the  time  ot  the  star's  transit,  add  or  subtract,  according  to  the  sign,  the  numbers  In  the  second 
column  of  figures,  applying  it  to  the  time  of  the  transit  of  the  pole  star  given  above.  Thus,  for  a  Andromedse. 
February  11;  lower  transit  of  pole  star  is  4h.  9m.  32s.  a.  m.,  to  which  add  lOh.  30.6m.  and  we  have  2h, 
40m.  p.  M.;  for  December  1,  we  find  7h.  26m.  p.  m.,  etc. 

APPROXIMATE  PARALLAX  AND  DISTANCE  IN  LIGHT-YEARS  OF  SOME  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL 

FIXED    STARS. 

By  light-years  Ls  to  be  understood  the  n^nber  of  years  light  requires  to  travel  from  the  star  to  us. 


Polaris  (Pole  Star) 

a  Aurigae  (Capella) 

a  Cauis  Majoris  (Sirius) .  .  .  .  . 
a  Canis  Minorls  (Procyon) . .  , 

a  Bootis  (Arcturus) 

a  Centauri 


Parallax. 


0.073 
0.046 
0.233 
0.123 
0.127 
0.916 


Light- 
Years. 


45 
71 
15 
27 
26 
3.6 


a  Lyrse  (Vega) . 

61  Cygni 

3  Cassiopeise. 
Y  Draconis.  . . 
85  Pegasi 


Parallax. 


0.140 
0.300 
187 
0.127 
0.054 


0 


Light- 
Years. 


23 
11 

17 
26 
60 


The  determination  of  stellar  parallax  Is  one  of  the  most  difficult  and  refined  problems  in  practical  or 
observational  astronomy.  It  is  to  find  the  angle  which  the  semi-diameter  of  the  earth's  orbit  subtends  at 
the  star — an  angle  always  very  small,  as  seen  from  the  above  table,  and  which  cannot  be  measured  directly 
but  by  various  processes  too  complicated  to  be  explained  here. 


The  Suns  Right  Ascension  and  Declination. 


59 


THE    SUN'S    RIGHT    ASCENSION    AND    DECLINATION. 

(WASHINGTON — APPARENT   NOON.) 


Date — 

Apparent 

Apparent 

Date — 

Apparent 

Apparent 

1919. 

Right  Ascension. 

Declination. 

1919. 

Right  Ascension. 

Declination. 

B.       M 

s. 

t« 

» 

/. 

B.      M. 

s. 

o 

/ 

/# 

Jan.     1.... 

18     44 

37.57 

—23 

3 

8.6 

Mar.  27 

0     21 

58.17 

+   2 

22 

38.9 

2.... 

49 

2.67 

—22 

58 

12.0 

28 

25 

36.37 

46 

8.2 

3.... 

53 

27.44 

52 

47.8 

29 

29 

14.61 

+  3 

9 

34:2 

4 

57 

51.83 

46 

56.3 

30 

32 

62.89 

32 

56.5 

5.... 

19       2 

15.81 

40 

37.7 

31 

36 

31.25 

66 

14.9 

6 

6 

39.35 

33, 

62.2 

AprU     1 

40 

9.08 

+   4 

19 

28.8 

7.... 

11 

2.42 

26 

40.0 

2.... 

43 

48.20 

42 

37.9 

8 

15 

24.98 

19 

1.2 

3.... 

47 

26.82 

+   5 

5 

42.0 

9 

19 

47.01 

10 

.56.2 

4. . . . 

51 

5.68 

28 

40.5 

10 

24 

8.49 

2 

26.1 

5 

54 

44.48 

51 

33.2 

11. i.. 

28 

29.38 

—21 

53 

28.3 

6...: 

58 

23.53 

+   6 

14 

19.8 

12.... 

32 

49.67 

44 

6.0 

7.... 

1       2 

2.75 

36 

69.6 

13.... 

37 

9.33 

34 

18.4 

8 

5 

42.16 

59 

32.7 

14.... 

41 

28.35 

24 

5.9 

9 

9 

21.79 

+   7 

21 

58.7 

15 

45 

46.72 

13 

28.6 

10 

13 

1.64 

44 

17.0 

16 

50 

4.43 

2 

26.9 

11 

16 

41.73 

+  8 

6 

27.5 

17.... 

54 

21.44 

—20 

51 

1.1 

12 

20 

22.10 

28 

29.9 

18.... 

58 

37.76 

39 

11.4 

13 

24 

2.75 

60 

23.7 

19.... 

20      2 

53.37 

26 

58.2 

14 

27 

43.71 

+  9 

12 

8.7 

20.... 

7 

8.26 

14 

21.7 

16 

31 

26.00 

33 

44.6 

21 

11 

22.42 

1 

22.5 

16 

35 

6.63 

55 

10.9 

22 

15 

35.83 

—19 

48 

0.7 

17 

38 

48.63 

+  10 

16 

27.6 

23 

19 

48.49 

34 

16.8 

18.... 

42 

31.01 

37 

34.2 

24.... 

24 

0.39 

20 

11.0 

19 

46 

13.79 

68 

30.3 

25.... 

28 

11.51 

5 

43.7 

20.... 

49 

56.98 

+  11 

19 

15.7 

26 

32 

21.87 

—18 

50 

56.5 

21 

53 

40.60 

39 

49.9 

27.... 

36 

31.42 

35 

46.6 

22 

57 

24.67 

+  12 

0 

12.8 

28 

40 

40.17 

20 

17.4 

23. . . . 

2       1 

9.21 

20 

23.9 

29.... 

44 

48.13 

4 

28.3 

24 

4 

54.21 

40 

23.0 

30.... 

48 

65.27 

—17 

48 

19.8 

25.... 

'  8 

39.71 

+  13 

0 

9.6 

31.... 

63 

1.69 

31 

62.1 

26 

12 

25.70 

19 

43.6 

Feb.      1.... 

67 

7.10 

15 

5.9 

27 

16 

12.20 

39 

4.5 

2 

21       1 

11.78 

—16 

68 

1.4 

28 

19 

69.22 

58 

11.9 

3 

5 

16.63 

40 

39.1 

•     29 

23 

46.75 

+  14 

17 

5.6 

4 

9 

18.64 

22 

59  5 

30 

27 

34.80 

35 

45.1 

5.... 

13 

20.82 

5 

3.1 

May     1 

31 

23.38 

54 

10.2 

6 

17 

22.16 

—15 

46 

50.1 

2 

35 

12.49 

+  15 

12 

20.5 

7 

21 

22.68 

28 

20.9 

3.... 

39 

2.12 

30 

15.8 

8.... 

25 

22.37 

9 

36.2 

4 

42 

52.29 

47 

66.5 

9 

29 

21.25 

—14 

50 

36.2 

5.... 

46 

42.99 

+  16 

5 

19.6 

10 

33 

19.30 

31 

21.4 

6 

50 

34.24 

22 

27.7 

11 

37 

16.56 

11 

52.1 

7 

54 

26.03 

39 

19.3 

12 

41 

13.04 

—13 

62 

8.7 

8.... 

68 

18.37 

55 

54.4 

13 

45 

8.73 

32 

11.8 

9.... 

3      2 

11.26 

+  17 

12 

12.4 

14 

49 

3.67 

12 

1.6 

10 

6 

4.71 

28 

13.2 

15 

52 

57.86 

—12 

51 

38.4 

11 

9 

58.72 

.43 

56.5 

16 

56 

51.32 

31 

2.8 

12 

13 

53.30 

59 

22.1 

17.... 

22       0 

44.05 

10 

15.1 

13 

17 

48.44 

+  18 

14 

29.5 

18 

4 

36.09 

—11 

49 

15.7 

14 

21 

44.16 

29 

18.5 

19...-. 

8 

27.45 

28 

5.2 

15 

25 

40.46 

43 

49.0 

20.... 

12 

18.14 

6 

43.7 

16.... 

29 

37  31 

68 

0.6 

21 

16 

8.17 

—10 

45 

11. a 

17 

33 

34.75 

+  19 

11 

62.9 

22 

19 

57.57 

23 

29.8 

18 

37 

32.76 

25 

26.7 

23 

23 

46.33 

1 

38.1 

19 

41 

31.34 

38 

38.9 

24 

27 

34.50 

—  9 

39 

37.2 

20 

45 

30.49 

51 

32.1 

25 

31 

22.08 

17 

27.5 

21 

49 

30.21 

+  20 

4 

6.0 

26 

35 

9.08 

—  8 

65 

9.4 

22 

.  63 

30.49 

16 

17.6 

27.... 

38 

65.53 

32 

43.2 

23 

67 

31.33 

28 

9.3 

28 

42 

41.42 

10 

9.4 

24 

4       1 

32.72 

39 

40.0 

Mar.     1 . . . . 

46 

26.80 

—  7 

47 

28.5 

25.... 

5 

34.63 

50 

49.4 

2.... 

50 

11.65 

24 

40.9 

26 

9 

37.07 

+  21 

1 

37.4 

3.... 

53 

56.00 

1 

47.0 

27 

13 

40.03 

12 

3.6 

4 

57 

39.86 

—  6 

38 

47.1 

28 

17 

43.47 

22 

7.9 

b.... 

23       1 

23.26 

15 

41.9 

29 

21 

47.40 

31 

50.1 

&.... 

5 

6.19 

—  6 

52 

31.6 

30 

25 

61.78 

41 

9.9 

7.... 

8 

48.67 

29 

16.5 

31 

29 

56.59 

50 

7.1 

8.... 

12 

30.73 

5 

57.2 

June     1 

34 

1.82 

58 

41.5 

9 

16 

12.39 

—  4 

42 

34.1 

2 

38 

7.45 

+22 

6 

52.9 

10 

19 

53.66 

19 

7.4 

3 

42 

13.45 

14 

41.3 

11.... 

23 

34.66 

—  3 

65 

37.5 

4.  . . . 

46 

19.81 

22 

6.4 

12 

27 

15.12 

32 

5.0 

5 

50 

26.61 

29 

7.9 

13 

30 

65.36 

8 

30.0 

6 

54 

33.54 

35 

45.9 

14.... 

34 

36.30 

—  2 

44 

62.9 

7 

58 

40.86 

42 

0.2 

15.... 

38 

14.97 

21 

14.0 

8 

5      2 

48.47 

47' 

50.6 

16 

41 

64.39 

—  1 

67 

33.8 

9 

6 

56.35 

63 

16.9 

17... 

45 

33.59 

33 

52.5 

10 

11 

4.49 

68 

19.2 

18 

49 

12.57 

10 

10.6 

11 

15 

12.86 

+  23 

2 

57.3 

19.... 

62 

51.39 

—  0 

46 

28.3 

12 

19 

21.44 

7 

10.9 

20.... 

56 

30.05 

22 

46.1 

13 

23 

30.21 

11 

0.3 

21.... 

0      0 

8.57 

+  0 

0 

55.7 

14 

27 

39.17 

14 

25.1 

22 

3 

46.99 

24 

36.8 

15 

31 

48.27 

17 

25.3 

23.... 

7 

25.31 

48 

16.9 

16 

35 

57.52 

20 

0.9 

24 

11 

3.57 

+   1 

11 

56.4 

17 

40 

6.89 

22 

11.8 

25 

14 

41.78" 

35 

32.2 

18 

44 

16.36 

23 

58.0 

26 

18 

19.98 

59 

6.8 

19 

48 

26.91 

25 

19.3 

60  The  Sun's  Right  Ascension  and  Declination. 


THE   SUN'S   RIGHT 

ASCENSION 

AND   DECLINATION— ConWntted. 

Date — 

Apparent 

Apparent 

Date —   " 

Apparent 

Apparent       y 

1910. 

Right  Ascension. 

Declination. 

1919. 

Right  Ascension. 

Declination. 

H.       M. 

8. 

o 

/ 

// 

H.      M. 

8. 

o 

r 

ff 

June  20 

5     62 

35.52 

+  23 

26 

15.9 

Sept.  14 

11     26 

15.75 

+  3 

38 

25.1 

21 

66 

45.15 

26 

47.7 

15.... 

29 

61.04 

15 

22.9 

22 

6      0 

54.80 

26 

54.5 

16 

33 

26.30 

+   2 

52 

17.0 

23 

6 

4.44 

26 

36.4 

17 

37 

1.55 

29 

7.6 

24 

9 

14.05 

\ 

25 

63.6 

18.... 

40 

36.80 

5 

55.3 

25 

13 

23.59 

24 

46.0 

19 

44 

12.09 

+   1 

42 

40.2 

26 

17 

33,04 

23 

13.7 

2fr.  .  . . 

47 

47.42 

19 

22.8 

27 

21 

42.36 

21 

16.7 

21 

51 

22.82 

+   0 

56 

3.3 

28 

25 

51.63 

18 

55.0 

22 

54 

58.30 

32 

42.3 

29 

30 

0.53 

16 

8.7 

23 

58 

33.88 

9 

19.9 

30 

34 

9.32 

12 

58.0 

24 

12       2 

9.68 

—  0 

14 

3.4 

July      1 

38 

17.83 

9 

22.8 

25 

5 

45.41 

37 

27.2 

2.... 

4Z 

20  17 

5 

23.4 

26 

,9 

21.38 

—  1 

0 

51.2 

3 

46 

34.19 

0 

59.8 

27 

12 

.57.52 

24 

15.0 

4 

50 

41.90 

+  22 

66 

12.2 

28 

16 

33.85 

47 

38.2 

5.... 

54 

49.29 

51 

0.6 

29.... 

20 

10;38 

—  2 

11 

0.6 

6.... 

68 

56.32 

45 

25.1 

30.... 

23 

47.14 

34 

21.8 

7 

7      3 

3.00 

39 

26.0 

Oct.       1 

27 

24.14 

67 

41.4 

8 

7 

9.31 

33 

3.4 

2.... 

31 

1.40 

—  3 

20 

59.1 

9 

11 

15.22 

26 

17.4 

3.... 

34 

38.94 

44 

14.5 

10 

15 

20.71 

19 

8.2 

4 

38 

16.77 

—  4 

7 

27.3 

31 

19 

25.78 

11 

35.8 

5 

41 

54.93 

30 

37.0 

12.... 

23 

30.40 

3 

40.6 

6 

45 

33.44 

53 

43.5 

13 

27 

34.57 

+  21 

55 

22.7 

7 

49 

12.31 

—  5 

16 

46.1 

14 

31 

38.28 

46 

42.2 

8 

62 

61.57 

39 

44.8 

15 

35 

41.51 

37 

39.3 

9.... 

66 

31.24 

—  6 

2 

39.2 

le — 

39 

44.27 

28 

14.3 

10.... 

13       0 

11.35 

25 

28.9 

17 

43 

46.52 

18 

27.3 

11 

3 

61.92 

48 

13.4 

18... 

47 

48.27 

8 

18.6 

12 

7 

32.98 

—  7 

10 

62.7 

19 

61 

49.51 

+  20 

57 

48.1 

13.... 

11 

14.55 

33 

26.1 

20 

55 

50.24 

46 

56.5 

14 

14 

50.64 

65 

63.5 

21 

69 

50.44 

35 

43.8 

15 

18 

39.29 

—  8 

18 

14.4 

22 

8       3 

50.09 

24 

10.1 

16 

22 

22.52 

40 

28.3 

23 

7 

49.19 

12 

16.0 

17 

26 

6.33 

—  9 

2 

35.0 

24 

11 

47.73 

0 

1.5 

18 

29 

60.74 

24 

33.9 

25 

15 

45.70 

+  19 

47 

26.9 

19 

33 

35.77 

46 

24.8 

20 

19 

43.09 

34 

32.5 

20. . . . 

37 

21.43 

—10 

8 

7.2 

27 

23 

39.88 

21 

18.6 

21 

41 

7.74 

29 

40.8 

28 

27 

36.08 

7 

45.6 

22 

44 

54.71 

51 

5.1 

29.... 

31 

31.67 

+  18 

53, 

53.6 

23.... 

48 

42.36 

—11 

12 

19.7 

30 

36 

26.64 

39 

43.0 

24 

62 

30.70 

33 

24.2 

31.... 

39 

20.99 

25 

14.1 

25 

56 

19.73 

64 

18.1 

Aug.     1 

43 

14.73 

10 

27.1 

26 

14      0 

9.46 

—12 

15 

1.1 

2 

47 

7.84 

+  17 

55 

22.4 

27 

3 

59.90 

35 

32.8 

3 

51 

0.32 

40 

0.2 

28 

7 

51,08 

65 

62.7 

4 

64 

62.18 

24 

20.9 

29 

11 

43.00 

—13 

16 

0.5 

6 

58 

43.42 

8 

24.6 

30. . . . 

15 

36.67 

35 

55.8 

6 

9      2 

34.04 

+  16 

52 

11.8 

31.... 

19 

29.09 

65 

38.0 

7 

6 

24.05 

35 

42.7 

Nov.     1 

23 

23,28 

—14 

15 

7.0 

8 

10 

13.45 

18 

57.5 

2 

27 

18.25 

34 

22.1 

9 

14 

2.24 

1 

56.7 

3.... 

31 

14.00 

53 

23.0 

10 

17 

50.45 

+  15 

44 

40.5 

4 

35 

10.54 

—15 

12 

9.4 

11 

21 

38.08 

27 

9.0 

5 

39 

7.89 

30 

40.8 

12 

25 

25.14 

9 

22.8 

6.... 

43 

6.05 

48 

56.9 

13 

29 

11.64 

+  14 

51 

22.0 

7 

47 

6.04 

—16 

6 

57.2 

14. ... 

32 

57.58 

33 

6.9 

8.... 

51 

4.87 

24 

41.3 

15 

36 

43.00 

14 

37.8 

9.... 

55 

5.56 

42 

8.9 

16 

40 

27.90 

+  13 

55 

55.0 

10. . . . 

59 

7.09 

59 

19.7 

17 

44 

12.28 

36 

58.9 

11 

15       3 

9.48 

—17 

16 

13.1 

18 

47 

56,17 

17 

49.6 

12.... 

7 

12.75 

32 

48.8 

19 

61 

39.56 

+  12 

58 

27.6  . 

13 

11 

16,89 

49 

6.4 

20 

55 

22.48 

38 

53.2 

14 

15 

21,89 

—18 

5 

5.5 

21 

69 

4.95 

19 

6.6 

15 

19 

27,77 

20 

45.8 

22 

10      2 

46.94 

+  11 

59 

8.3 

16.... 

23 

34  53 

36 

6.7 

23 

6 

28.49 

38 

58.6 

17 

27 

42,14 

51 

7.8 

24 

10 

9.61 

18 

37.7 

18.... 

31 

50,60 

—19 

5 

48,9 

25 

13 

50.30 

+  10 

58 

6.2 

19.... 

35 

59,92 

20 

9.5 

26 

17 

30.57 

37 

24.2 

20 

40 

10,08 

34 

9.1 

27 

21 

10.43 

16 

32.2 

21 

44 

21.06 

47 

47.6 

28 

24 

49.91 

+  9 

55 

30.4 

22 

48 

32.86 

—20 

1 

4.4 

29 

28 

28.99 

34 

19.2 

23 

52 

45.46 

13 

59.3 

30 

32 

7.71 

12 

58.9 

24.... 

56 

68.85 

26 

31.7 

31 

35 

46.07 

+   8 

51 

29.9 

26. . . . 

16       1 

13.00 

38 

41.5 

3ept.     I-.... 

39 

24.09 

29 

52.6 

26 

5 

27  91 

60 

28.2 

2 

43 

1.80 

8 

7.1 

27.... 

9 

43  66 

—21 

1 

51.5 

3 

46 

39.18 

+   7 

46 

13.8 

28. . . . 

13 

69.92 

12 

51.1 

4 

50 

16.28 

24 

13.2 

29 

18 

16  9| 
34.72 

23 

26.7 

6 

63 

53.12 

2 

so!* 

30. . . . 

22 

33 

37,8 

6 

57 

29.69 

+   6 

39 

Dec.     1 

26 

53.12 

43 

24.4 

7 

11       1 

6.04 

17 

29.7 

2.... 

31 

12.15 

62 

46.1 

8 

4 

42.16 

+  5 

65 

2.3 

3 

35 

31  80 

—22 

1 

42.5 

9 

8 

18.10 

32 

29.0 

4 

39 

52,05 

10 

13.4 

10 

11 

53.87 

9 

60.3 

5 

44 

12,87 

18 

18.6 

11 

15 

29.50 

+  4 

47 

6.1 

6 

48 

34  25 

26 

67.8 

12 

19 

5.01 

24 

17.1 

7.... 

52 

56.16 

33 

10.8 

13 

22 

40.42 

1 

23.4 

8.... 

57 

18.^0 

39 

67.3 

The  Zodiac. 


61 


THE   SUN'S   RIGHT   ASCENSION 

AND    DECLINATION— Cora«ra««d. 

DATE 

Apparent 

Apparent 

Date — 

Apparent 

Apparent         i 

1919. 

Right  Ascension. 

Declination. 

1919. 

Right  Ascension. 

Declination.       i 

- 

H.      M.         s. 

o  ■         /                ^/ 

H.      M.         s. 

o            t                it 

Dec.     9 

17       1       41.52 

—22    46       17.2 

Dec.   21 

17     54       45.07 

—23     26       32.7 

10 

6         4.92 

52       10.0 

22.... 

59       11.72 

26       51.8 

11 

10      28.78 

57       35.9 

23.... 

18       3       38.40 

26       42 . 6 

12.... 

14       63.05 

—23      2      34.6 

24.... 

8         5.08 

26         5.2 

13 

19       17.70 

7         5.8 

25.... 

12       31.73 

24       59.6 

14.... 

23       42.72 

11         9.4 

26.... 

16       58.29 

23       25.6 

15 

28         8.07 

14       45.3 

27.... 

21       24.75 

21       23.5 

16.... 

32       33.71 

17       53.4 

28.... 

25       51.05 

18       53.1 

17 

36       59.60 

20       33.5 

29.... 

30       17.16 

15       54.8 

IS.... 

41       25.73 

22       45.6 

30.... 

34       43 . 05 

12       28.5 

19 

45       52.03 

24       29.4 

31 

39         8.68 

—23       8       34.2 

20 

50       18.50 

25       45.2 

THE    SUN'S    SEMI-DIAMETER    AND    HORIZONTAL    PARALLAX. 

(WASHINGTON — APPARENT   NOON.) 


Sun's 

Equatorial 

Sun's 

Equatorial 

Sun's 

Equatorial 

1919. 

Seml- 

Horizontal 

1919. 

Semi- 

Horizontal 

1919. 

Serai- 

Horizontal 

Diameter. 

Parallax. 

Diameter. 

Parallax. 

D  iameter. 

Parallax. 

Jan.     1 

16  17.82 

8.95 

May 

11 

15  51.82 

8.71 

Sept.  18 

15  57.09 

8.76 

11 

17.68 

8.95 

21 

49.83 

8.69 

28 

59.77 

8.78 

21 

16.99 

8.94 

31 

48.18 

8.68 

Oct.      8 

16     2.57 

8.81 

31 

15.78 

8.93 

June 

10 

46.98 

8.67 

18 

5.29 

8.83 

Feb.    10 

14.21 

8.92 

20 

46.14 

8.66 

28 

7.95 

8.86 

20 

12.23 

8.90 

30 

45.71 

8.66 

Nov.     7 

10.48 

8.88 

Mar.    2 

9.90 

8.88 

July 

10 

45.81 

8.66 

17 

12.66 

8.90 

12 

7.41 

8.85 

20 

46.27 

8.66 

27 

14.58 

8.92 

22 

4.72 

8.83 

30 

47.17 

8.67 

Dee.     7 

16.15 

8.93 

April     1 

1.92 

8.80 

Aug. 

9 

48.54 

8.68 

17 

17.17 

8.94 

11 

15  59.22 

8.78 

19 

50.21 

8.70 

27 

17.75 

8.95 

21 

56.55 

8.76 

29 

52.23 

8.72 

31 

16  17.87 

8.95 

May     1 

54.02 

8.73 

Sept. 

8 

54.59 

8.74        \ 

ASTRONOMICAL    CONSTANTS. 

Mean  solar  parallax,  8".80.    Nutation  constant,  9".21. 

Aberration  constant,  20".47.     Annual  precession,  50".2564+ 0".000222  (t — 1900). 

Obliquity  of  the  ecliptic,  23°  27'  8".26 — 0".4684  (tr— 1900). 

Annual  diminution  of  obliquity,  0".4684. 

Moon's  equatorial  horizontal   parallax,  57'  2".63. 

Moon's  mean  distance  from  the  earth  (centre  to  centre),  238,862  miles. 

Sun's  mean  distance  from  the  earth  (astronomical  unit),  92,897,400  miles. 

Velocity  of  light,  186,324  miles  per  second. 

Light  travels  unit  of  distance — viz.  92,897,400  miles  In  498,580  seconds. 

Length  of  the  Year — Tropical  (equinox  to  equinox),  365.2421988  days. 
Sidereal  or  absolute  revolution,  365.2563604  days. 
Anomalistic  (from  perihelion  to  perihelion),  365.2590413  days. 

Length  of  Day — Sidereal,  23  hours  56  minutes  4.091  seconds  (mean  solar  time).  Mean  solar,  24  hours 
3  minutes  56.555  seconds  (sidereal  time) . 

Length  of  the  Month — Synodical  (from  new  moon  to  new  moon),  29  days  12  hours  44  minutes  2.8 
seconds.  Tropical,  27  days  7  hours  43  minutes  4.7  seconds.  Sidereal  (absolute  revolution),  27  days  7  hoiirs 
43  minutes  11.5  seconds.     Anomalistic  (from  perigee  to  perigee),  27  days  13  hours  18  minutes  33.1  seconds. 

Dimensions  of  the  Earth— Equatorial  radius,  3963.34  miles.  Polar  radius,  3949.99  miles.  Eccen- 
tricity of  the  oblate  spheroid,  0.0819981. 


THE    ZODIAC. 

The  sun's  apparent  yearly  path  among  the  stars  is  known  as  the  ecliptic.  The  zone  16°  wide,  8°  on 
each  side  of  the  ecliptic,  is  known  as  the  zodiac.  Beginning  at  the  point  on  the  ecliptic  which  marks  the 
position  of  the  sun  at  the  vernal  equinox,  and  thence  proceeding  eastward,  the  zodiac  is  divided  into  twelve 
signs  of  30°  each,  which  are  as  follows: 


Bpring 
Signs. 


Bummer 

Signs. 


(   1.  T 
.      <   3.  D 


SIGNS 
Aries.    The  Ram. 
Taurus.     The  Bull. 
Gemini.    The  Twins. 


OF  THE   ZODIAC. 


4.  53  Cancer.     The  Crab. 

5.  fl  Leo.     The  Lion. 

6.  mi  Virgo.     The  Virgin. 


Autumn 
Signs. 


Winter 
Signs 


1^ 

(10.  Vp 
sr  <  U.  r: 
•      ( 12.  ^ 


i^  Libra.    The  Balance. 
Ftl  Scorplus.    The  Scorpion, 
J:  Sagittarius.    The  Archer. 


Caprlcomus.    The  Goat. 
Aquarius.    The  Water-Bearer. 
Pisces.     The  Fishes. 


These  signs  are  named  from  the  twelve  constellations  of  the  zodiac:  with  which  the  signs  coincided  In 
the  time  of  the  astronomer  Hlpparchus,  about  two  thousand  years  ago.     Owing  to  the  precession  of  the  equi- 


noxes, that  is  to  say,  to  the  retrograde  motion  of  the  equinoxes  along  the  ecliptic,  each  sign  in  the  zodiac  has 
"      "  -se  of  two  thousand  years,  moved  backward  30°  into  the  constellation  west  of  It ;  so  that  the  aigr 


to  the  course  i . 

Aries  is  now  in  the  constellation  Pisces,  and  so  on. 

The  zodiac,  with  its  constellations  and  with  the  symbols  that  represent  them,  is  of  the  greatest  antiquity; 
and  is  traceable  in  part,  at  least,  to  an  Egyptian  origin.  The  zodiac  may  be  called  the  great  highway  of  the 
heavens,  its  width  being  such  as  to  include  all  the  Journeylngs  of  the  sun,  moon,  and  seven  major  planets. 


62 


High-Tide  Tables. 


HIGH-TIDE    TABLES 

FOR  GOVERNOR'S   ISLAND    (NEW  YORK  HARBOR). 

(Specially  prepared  from  the  Tide  Tables  of  the  United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  lor 

The  World  Almanac.) 

Eastern  Standard  Time. 


1919. 

January. 

February. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

Day  of 

Month. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  .M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

1 

7  12 

7  37 

8  4 

8  31 

7  3 

7  28 

8  12 

8  34 

8  48 

9  10 

10  29 

10  45 

2 

7  46 

8  13 

8  43 

9  9 

7  43 

8  10 

8  58 

9  22 

9  42 

10  2 

11  25 

11  38 

3 

8  20 

8  49 

9  21 

9  53 

8  26 

8  52 

9  48 

10  12 

10  37 

10  56 

12  22 

4 

8  57 

9  29 

10  5 

10  39 

9  10 

9  36 

10  41 

11  5 

11  37 

11  55 

12  33 

1  20 

5 

9  36 

10  12 

10  50 

11  31 

9  55 

10  24 

11  40 

12  40 

1  30 

2  17 

6 

10  20 

10  59 

11  45 

10  43 

11  15 

12  7 

12  48 

12  58 

1  46 

2  27 

3  12 

7 

11  7 

11  63 

12  31 

12  50 

11  40 

1  17 

2  5 

2  -4 

2  52 

3  25 

4  5 

8 

12  2 

1  45 

2  14 

12  18 

12  48 

2  30 

3  17 

3  8 

3  51 

4  20 

4  52 

9 

12  54 

1  6 

3  2 

3  36 

1  31 

2  11 

3  40 

4  20 

4  7 

4  43 

5  10 

5  36 

10 

2  5 

2  23 

4  13 

4  47 

2  49 

3  30 

4  40 

5  14 

4  69 

5  30 

5  67 

6  18 

11 

3  17 

3  43 

5  17 

5  48 

4  1 

4  38 

5  32 

6  2 

5  48 

6  U 

6  40 

6  56 

12 

4  25 

4-55 

6  12 

6  40 

5  3 

5  35 

6  19 

6  42 

6  30 

6  51 

7  20 

7  31 

13 

5  23 

5  58 

7  0 

7  28 

5  56 

6  24 

7  0 

7  20 

7  11 

7  25 

7  58 

8  5 

14 

6  24 

6  54 

7  45 

S  12 

6  42 

7  4 

7  38 

7  55 

7  47 

7  58 

8  32 

8  35 

15 

7  16 

7  46 

8  26 

8  52 

7  25 

7  48 

8  13 

8  26 

8  21 

8  29 

9  5 

9  6 

16 

8  4 

8  34 

9  5 

9  30 

8  3 

8  25 

8  45 

8  56 

8  53 

8  57 

9  38 

9  40 

17 

8  49 

9  21 

9  42 

10  7 

8  39 

8  57 

9  15 

9  23 

9  23 

9  26 

10  14 

10  17 

18 

9  34 

10  6 

10  16 

10  41 

9  12 

9  28 

9  42 

9  50 

9  65 

9  58 

10  56 

11  0 

39 

10  Ifi 

10  50 

10  48 

11  14 

9  42 

9  57 

10  12 

10  22 

10  30 

10  36 

11  40 

11  47 

20 

10  56 

11  34 

11  20 

11  50 

10  11 

10  25 

10  47 

11  1 

11  11 

11  19 

12  33 

21 

11  37 

11  56 

10  40 

10  57 

11  31 

11  46 

12  1 

12  42 

1  33 

22 

12  18 

12  2i 

12  36 

12  45 

11  15 

11  36 

12  23 

12  10 

12  59 

1  44 

2  39 

23 

1  7 

1  10 

1  33 

1  54 

11  59 

12  41 

1  28 

1  9 

2  4 

2  55 

3  48 

24 

2  0 

2  4 

2  44 

3  17 

12  24 

12  54 

1  45 

2  48 

2  15 

3  10 

4  12 

4  56 

25 

a  56 

3  11 

3  50 

4  23 

1  26 

2  11 

2  57 

3  52 

3  27 

4  17 

5  26 

5  59 

26 

3  51 

4  13 

4  45 

5  16 

2  40 

3  34 

4  9 

4  52 

4  40 

5  19 

6  32 

6  58 

27 

4  42 

5  6 

5  34 

6  4 

3  54 

4  37 

5  12 

5  47 

5  45 

6  17 

7  31 

7  63 

28 

5  28 

5  53 

6  19 

6  47 

4  55 

5  31 

6  10 

6  38 

6  46 

7  12 

8  27 

8  46 

29 

6  10 

6  35 

5  48 

6  18 

7  4 

7  28 

7  45 

8  6 

9  20 

9  37 

30 

6  49 

7  15 

.... 

6  37 

7  3 

7  56 

8  18 

8  39 

8  58 

10  13 

10  26 

31 

7  26 

7  55 

7  24 

7  48 

9  34 

9  52 

.... 

1919. 

July. 

August. 

September. 

October. 

November. 

December, 

Day  of 

Month. 

A.  M. 

p.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

A.  M. 

p.  M. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

H.  M. 

1 

11  4 

11  14 

12  2 

12  12 

12  38 

12  14 

12  28 

1  29 

1  33 

1  45 

1  50 

2 

11  54 

12  12 

12  47 

12  58 

1  29 

1  10 

1  25 

2  31 

2  36 

2  47 

2  57 

3 

12  2 

12  44 

12  57 

1  35 

1  55 

2  26 

2  16 

2  29 

3  30 

3  38 

3  49 

4  5 

4 

12  51 

1  35 

1  47 

2  27 

3  0 

3  26 

3  18 

3  29 

4  23 

4  38 

4  45 

5  9 

5 

1  44 

2  27 

2  43 

3  21 

4  0 

4  21 

4  13 

4  24 

5  14 

6  33 

6  41 

6  9 

6 

2  38 

3  18 

3  44 

4  15 

4  53 

5  10 

5  2 

5  16 

6  4 

6  27 

6  36 

7  6 

7 

3  33 

4  9 

4  41 

5  5 

6  40 

6  56 

^5  47 

6  4 

6  53 

7  20 

7  30 

8  2 

S 

4  28 

4  57 

5  32 

5  50 

6  24 

6  38 

6  32 

6  47 

7  43 

8  13 

8  23 

8  58 

9 

6  20 

5  43 

6  18 

6  32 

7  6 

7  20 

7  17 

7  39 

8  34 

9  7 

9  18 

9  65 

10 

6  5 

6  25 

6  59 

7  11 

7  45 

8  2 

8  2 

8  27 

9  29 

10  6 

10  13 

10  54 

11 

6  48 

7  4 

7  40 

7  48 

8  26 

8  45 

8  49 

9  18 

10  25 

11  8 

11  10 

11  64 

12 

7  30 

7  40 

8  16 

8  25 

9  10 

9  31 

9  40 

10  11 

11  26 

12  8 

13 

8  8 

8  13 

8  53 

9  4 

9  56 

10  19 

10  35 

11  12 

12  14 

12  31 

\2  55 

1  9 

14 

8  43 

8  47 

9  34 

9  45 

10  46 

11  12 

11  36 

1  20 

1  37 

1  57 

2  10 

15 

9  19 

9  22 

10  15 

10  29 

11  44 

12  19 

12  45 

2  25 

2  41 

2  54 

3  9 

16 

9  56 

10  1 

11  2 

11  17 

12  14 

12  50 

1  31 

1  55 

3  26 

3  40 

3  48 

4  5 

17 

10  36 

10  43 

11  54 

1  28 

2  4 

2  41 

3  3 

4  18 

4  34 

4  36 

4  55 

18 

11  21 

U  30 

12  12 

12  55 

2  44 

3  15 

3  45 

4  4 

5  6 

6  23 

5  22 

5  42 

19 

12  12 

1  18 

2  6 

3  56 

4  21 

4  41 

5  0 

5  49 

6  8 

6  2 

6  26 

20 

12  22 

1  10 

2  39 

3  22 

4  57 

5  20 

5  30 

6  49 

6  28 

6  49 

6  40 

7  4 

21 

1  23 

2  17 

3  68 

4  32 

5  51 

6  12 

6  15 

6  34 

7  5 

7  28 

7  16 

7  40 

22 

2  37 

3  30 

5  7 

6  35 

6  39 

6  58 

6  56 

7  15 

7  40 

8  4 

7  49 

8  16 

23 

3  59 

4  42 

6  7 

6  31 

7  23 

7  42 

7  33 

7  54 

8  12 

8  39 

8  20 

8  48 

24 

6  14 

546 

7  0 

7  21 

8  4 

8  23 

8  9 

8  31 

8  42 

9  12 

8  50 

9  21 

25 

6  19 

6  45 

7  51 

8  9 

8  42 

9  2 

8  42 

9  6 

9  13 

9  44 

9  20 

9  64 

26 

7  17 

7  39 

8  34 

8  51 

9  19 

9  39 

9  13 

9  41 

9  44 

10  20 

9  54 

10  31 

27 

8  11 

8  29 

9  17 

9  33 

9  53 

10  14 

9  44 

10  13 

10  21 

11  2 

10  34 

11  16 

28 

.  9  1 

9  17 

9  58 

10  13 

10  26 

10  50 

10  17 

10  51 

11  3 

11  52 

11  20 

29 

9  48 

10  2 

10  37 

10  51 

11  0 

11  28 

10  66 

11  35 

11  62 

12  5 

12  13 

.  30 

10  33 

10  45 

11  15 

11  30 

11  41 

11  41 

12  45 

12  47 

1  3 

1  13 

31 

11  18 

11  28 

11  55 

.... 

12  27 

i2  32 

2  7 

2  22 

Note — The  time  as  above  given  from  April  to  October,  Inclusive,  must  be  increased  by  one  hour  la 
order  to  give  the  New  Standard  Eastern  Time  or  Summer  Time. 


National  Statuary  Hall. 


63 


I 


HIGH-TIDE  TABLES — Continued. 


TIME  OF  HIGH  WATER  AT  POINTS  ON  THE  ATLANTIC  COAST. 
The  standard  time  of  high  water  at  the  following  places  may  be  found  approximately  for  each  day  by 
adding  to  or  subtracting  from  the  time  of  high  water  at  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.,  the  hours  and  minutes 
annexed. 


Albany,  N.  Y 

...add 
...add 
. .  sub. 
. . .  add 
. . .  add 
...add 
. .  sub. 
...add 
...add 
. . .  sub. 
. .  sub. 
. . .  sub. 
...add 
...sub. 
...add 
...add 
...add 
. . .add 

H. 

9 
9 

11 
2 

3 
3 

2 

2 
2 
3 

I 
5 
3 

2 
4 

3 

M. 

54 
13 
51 

5 
31 
33 
41 
12 

2 
13 
10 
15 
37 
34 
67 

6 

1 
30 
19 
26 

0 
59 

4 
58 
19 
23 

New  Haven,  Ct 

add 

B.      M. 
3       0 

Annapolis,  Md 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J 

Baltimore,  Md 

New  London,  Ct 

Newport.  R.I 

Norfolk.  Va 

add 

sub. 

add 

'     It 
1     21 

Bar  Harbor,  Me 

Norwich,  Ct 

add 

1     65 

Beaufort,  S.  C 

Old  Point  Comfort,  Va 

add 

49 

Block  Island,  R.  I 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

add 

5     56 

Boston,  Mass 

Bridgeport.  Ct 

Bristol,  R.  I 

Plymouth,  Mass 

Point  Lookout.  Md 

Portland,  Me 

add 

add 

add 

3       4 
5       6 
2     52 

Cape  May,  N.  J 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Eastport,  Me 

Fernandina,  Fla 

Gloucester,  Mass 

Hell  Gate  Ferry,  East  River.  N.  Y.  . 

Isle.of  Shoals,  N.  H 

Jacksonv  ille,  Fla 

Portsmouth   N.  H 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y 

Providence,  R.  I 

Richmond,  Va 

Rockaway  Inlet,  N.  Y 

Rockland,  Me 

Rockport,  Mass .  . 

Salem,  Mass 

Sandy  Hook,  N.J 

Savannah,  Ga 

Southport  (Smlthvllle),  N.  C. . . 

Vineyard  Haven,  Mass 

Washington,  D.  C   

add 

add 

sub. 

add 

sub. 

add 

add 

add 

sub. 

add 

sub. 

add 

3  13 

4  36 

2 

8     53 

22 

2     44 

2  55 

3  0 

Key  AVest,  Fla ; 

League  Island.  Pa 

Marblehead,  Mass 

Nahant,  Mass 

Nantucket,  Mass 

...add 
...add 
...add 
...add 
...add 

29 

50 

18 

3     25 

0 

Newark,  N.J 

. . .add 

Watch  HUl,  R.  I 

West  Point,  N.  Y 

Wilmington,  N.  C 

add 

add 

add 

36 

New  Bedford,  Mass 

Newburyport,  Mass 

..sub. 
...add 

3       2 
1     56 

Example. — To  find  the  approximate  standard  time  of  high  tide  at  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  on  any  day, 
find  first  the  time  of  high  water  at  New  York  under  the  desired  date,  and  then  subtract  51  minutes,  as 
In  the  above  table;  the  result  is  the  time  of  high  water  required. 


AVERAGE    RISE    AND    FALL    OF   TIDE. 


PLACES. 

Feet. 

Inch . 

Placts. 

Feet. 

Inch. 

Places. 

Feet. 

Inch. 

Baltimore,  Md 

Boston.  Mass 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Colon,  Panama 

Eastport,  Me 

1 
9 
5 
0 
18 
1 
1 
1 

2 
7 
2 
11 
2 
0 
2 
6 

New  London,  Ct 

New  Orleans,  La 

Newport,  R.  I 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Old  Point  Comf  t.  Va. 

Balboa,  Panama 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Portland,  Me 

2 
None 
3 
4 
2 
12 
5 
8 

6 
None 
6 
5 
6 
6 
4 
11 

San  Diego,  Cal 

Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.  .  . 
San  Francisco,  Cal. . . 

Savannah,  Ga 

Seattle,  Wash 

3 
4 
3 
6 
11 
2 
2 

11 

8 
11 

6 

4 

Galveston,  Tex 

Tampa,  Fla 

2 

Key  West,  Fla 

MobUe,  Ala 

Washington,  D. 

C.  .  . 

11 

Highest  tide  at  Eastport,  Me.,  218  Inches.    Lowest  tide  at  Galveston,  Tex.,  12  inches. 


NATIONAL    STATUARY    HALL. 

THE  National  Hall  of  Statuary,  formerly  a  corridor  of  the  United  States  House  of  Representatives, 
In  the  Capitol,  at  Washington,  was  established  by  Congress  July  2,  1864.  Each  State  was  invited  to  con- 
tribute marble  or  bronze  statues  of  her  two  jnost  distinguished  deceased  citizens.  The  following  Is  a  list 
of  statues  presented  by  the  States  and  the  dates  of  the  works: 


State. 

Name. 

Date. 

State. 

Name. 

Date. 

Alabama 

J   L  M   Curry 

1906 
1917 
1872 
1872 
1914 
1909 
1893 
1905 
1899 
1909 
1909 
1913 
1904 
1914 
1877 
1901 
1901 
1873 
1872 
1889 
1913 
1916 
1899 
1899 

New  Hampshire. . 

New  Jersey 

New  York". '.'.'.'.'.'. 

North  Carolina. . .' 
Ohio 

John  Stark     I 

1894 

Arkansas 

Uriah  M.  Rose 

Daniel  Webster 

1894 

CoDuecticut 

Roger  Sherman 

Richard  Stockton 

1886 

Jonathan  Trumbull 

John  W.  Gorrle 

Pliillp  Kearnv 

1875 

Florida 

Robert  R.  Livingston 

George  Clinton 

1874 

Idaho 

George  L  Shoup 

1873 

Illinois ; . 

James  Shields 

Zebulon  Baird  Vance 

James  A.  CSarfield 

1916 

Frances  E.  Wiilard 

1885 

Oklahoma 

Pennsylvania.  . .  . 

Rhode  Island .... 

South  Carolina. . . 
Texas 

William  Allen 

1887 

Lew  Wallace             

SeQuoi  ah 

1917 

Iowa 

James  Harlan 

J.  P.  G.  Muhlenberg 

Robert  Fulton 

1881 

Samuel  J.  Kirkwood 

1881 

Kansas 

Nathanael  Greene 

Roger  Williams 

1869 

George  W  Glick               .    . 

1870 

Maine 

William  King 

John  C.  Calhoun 

1909 

Maryland 

Charles  Carroll     

Stephen  F.  Austin 

Samuel  Houston 

1904 

John  Hanson 

1904 

Massachusetts 

Samuel  Adams   .          ... 

Vermont 

Virginia. .'.'.'..'... 

Ethan  Allen 

1875 

John  WinthroD           

Jacob  Cbllaraer 

1879 

Michigan. . 

Lewis  Cass                    

Washington 

1908 

Zachariah  Chandler 

Henry  Mower  Rice 

Francis  P.  Blair 

Thomas  H.  Benton 

West  Virginia'. '. '. '. 
Wisconsin 

R   E.  Lee     

1908 

Minnesota 

John  E   Kenna 

1901 

Missouri 

Francis  H.  Pierpont. 

James  Marquette 

1903 
1895 

Works  of  art  in  the  Capitol  have  been  acquired  by  gilt,  from  private  individuals,  and  from  States. 


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Latitude  and  Longitude  Table. 


65 


LATITUDE  AND  LONGITUDE  TABLE. 


(Longitude  Reckoxed  from  Gheenwich.) 
Specially  preparedjor  The  Woeld  almanac  by  the  United  Statos  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,: 


'  H     M     S 

Acapulco,  Mex 16  50  Sfi  N.  6"39  ■4l'.8  W. 

Adelaide,  S.  Australia*. .  .34  55  38  S.  9  14  20.1  E. 

Aden,  Arabia 12  46  40  N.  2  59  55.8  E . 

Albany,  N.  Y.*. 42  39  13  N.  4  55    7.1  W. 

Algiers* 36  47  50  N.  0  12  08.4  E. 

AUeglieny,  Pa.* 40  28  58  N.  5  20    5.4  W. 

Alexandria,  Egypt 31  11  43  N.  1  59  26.7  E. 

Amherst,  Mass.* 42  21  ."ie  N.  4  50    5.9  W. 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich.* 42  16  48  N.  5  34  55.2  W. 

Annapolis,  Md.* 38  58  54  N.  5    5  56.5  W. 

Antipodes  Island 49  42    OS.  11  54  52.3  E . 

Apia,  Samoa 13  48  56  S.  11  26  59.7  E. 

Arohau?el,  Russia 64  32    6  N.  2  42  14.0  E. 

Armagli,  Ireland* 54  21  13  N.  0  26  35.4  W. 

Aspinv/all,  S.  A.,  Lt 9  22    9  N.  5  19  39.0  W. 

Astoria,  Ore 46  11  19  N.  8  15  18.8  W. 

Athgns,  Greece* 37  58  20  N.  1  34  54.9  E , 

Attu  Island,  Alaska 52  56    IN.  11  32  49.6  E. 

Bahia,  Brazil 13    0  37  S.  2  34    8.4  W. 

Baltimore,  Md.* 39  17  52  N.  5    6  29.1  W. 

Batavia,  Java 6    7  40  S.  7    7  13.7  E. 

Belize.  Honduras 17  29  20  N.  5  52  46.7  W. 

Belle  Isle.  Lt 51  53    ON.  3  41  29.5  W. 

Berlin,  Prassia* 52  30  17  N.  0  53  34.9  E . 

Bermuda.  Dock  Yard 32  19  24  N.  4  19  18  3  W. 

Bombay* 18  53  36  N.  4  51  16.7  E. 

Bonn,  Germany 50  43  45  N.  0  28  23.2  E. 

Bordeaux,  France* 44  50    7  N.  0    2    5.5  W. 

Boston  State  House 42  21  28  N.  4  44  15.3  W. 

Bridgetown,  Barbadocs. . .  13    5  42  N.  3  58  29.3  W. 

Brussels,  Belgium* 50  47  50  N.  0  17  26.0  E . 

Buenos  Ayres 34  36  30  S.  3  ."iS  28.9  W. 

Calcutta 22  33  25  N.  5  53  20.7  E. 

Callao,  Peru,  Lt 12    4    3  S.  5    9    3.0  W. 

Cambridge,  Eng.* 52  12  52  N.  0    0  22.7  E . 

Cambridge,  Mass.* 42  22  48  N.  4  44  31.0  W. 

Canton,  China 23    6  35  N.  7  33  46.3  E . 

Cape  Cod.  Mass.,  Lt 42    2  21  N.  4  40  14.6  W. 

C.  Hatteras,  N.  C.,  Lt..  .35  15  14  N.  5    2    5.0  W. 

Cape  Henry,  Va.,  Lt 36  55  29  N.  5    4    2.0  W. 

Cape  Horn 55  58  41  S.  4  29    5.0  W. 

Cape  May.  N.  J..  Lt 38  55  56  N.  4  59  50.7  W. 

Cape  Good  Hope,  Lt 34  21  12  S.  1  13  58.0  E. 

Cape  Prince  of  Wales 65  33  30  N.  1111  56.8  W. 

Charleston,  S.  C.  Lt 32  41  44  N.  5  19  32.0  W. 

Charlottetown,  P.  E.  I .  .  .46  13  55  N.  4  12  27.5  W. 

Cherbourg,  France 49  38  54  N.  0    6  32.5  W. 

Chicago,  III.* 4150     IN.  5  50  26.8  W. 

Christlania,  Norwayi.  .  .  .59  54  44  N.  0  42  53.5  E. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio* 39    8  20  N.  5  37  41.4  W. 

Clinton,  N.  Y.* 43    3  17  N.  5    1  37.4  W. 

Colombo,  Ces'lon 6  55  40  N.  5  19  21.9  E . 

Constantinople 41    0  30  N.  156    3.7  E 

Copenhagen* 55  41  13  N.  0  50  18.7  E . 

Demerara  (Geo'town,  Lt.)  6  49  20  N.  3  52  46.0  W. 

Denver,  Col.* 39  40  36  N.  6  59  47.7  W. 

Dublin,  Ireland* 53  23  13  N.  0  25  21.1  W. 

Edinburgh* 55  57  23  N.  0  12  43.1  W. 

Esquimault,  B.  C,  Lt 48  2o  40  N.  8  13  47.1  W. 

Father  Point,  Quebec,  Lt.48  31  25  N.  4  33  49.2  W. 

Fay al,  Azores 38  32    9  N.  1  54  16.0  W. 

Fernandina,  Fla 30  40  18  N.  5  25  51.1  W. 

Florence,  Italy* 43  46    4  N.  0  45    1.5  E . 

Funchal,  Madeira 32  38    4  N.  1    7  35.6  W. 

Galveston,  Tex 29  18  17  N.  6  19    9.7  W. 

Geneva.  Switzerland*. . .  .46  11  59  N.  0  24  36.6  E. 

Glasgow,  Scotland* 55  52  43  N.  0  17  10.6  W. 

Gibraltar 36    6  30  N.  0  21  23.3  W. 

Greenwich,  Eng.* 51  28  38  N.  0    0    0.0  — 

Halifax,  N.  S 44  39  38  N.  4  14  21.1  W. 

Hamburg,  Germany* 53  32  51  N.  0  39  53.5  E . 

Hanover,  N.  H.* 43  42  15  N.  4  49    8.0  W. 

Havana.  Cuba 23    9  21  N.  5  29  26.0  W. 

Hobart  Town,  Taa 42  55  25  S.  9  49  20,5  E. 

Hongkong,  China* 22  18  13  N.  7  36  41.9  E. 

Honolulu  (Reef  Lt.) 21  17  55  N.  10  31  28.0  W. 

Key  West,  Fla..  Lt 24  32  58  N.  5  27  12.3  W. 

Kingston,  Jamaica 17  57  41  N.  5    7  10.7  W. 

Lisbon,  Portugal* 38  42  31  N.  0  36  44.7  W. 

Liverpool* 53  24    5  N.  0  12  17.3  W. 


°      '      "  H.   M.   S.     '■ 

Madison,  Wis.* 43    4  37  N.  5  57  37.9  W, 

Madras,  India* 13    4    8  N.  5  20  59.1  E. 

Madrid,  Spain* 40  24  30  N.  0  14  45.1  W. 

Manila,  Lt 14  35  25  N.  8    3  50.0  E. 

Marseilles* 43  18  19  N.  0  21  34.6  E. 

Melbourne,  Vic* 37  49  53  S.  9  39  53.9  E . 

Mexico  (city)* 19  26    2  N.  6  36  26.7  W. 

Monrovia,  Liberia 6  19    5  N.  0  43  15.7  W. 

Montreal,  Quebec* 45  30  20  N.  4  54  18.6  W. 

Moscow* 55  45  20  N.  2  30  17.0  E . 

Mount  Hamilton,  Cal.*. .  .37  20  26  N.  8    6  34.9  W. 

Munich* 48    8  45  N.  0  46  26.0  E . 

Nain,  Labrador 56  32  51  N.  4    0  42.7  W. 

Naples* 40  51  46  N.  0  57    1.7  E. 

Nashville.  Tenn.* 36    8  54  N.  5  47  12.2  W. 

Nassau,  Bahamas 25    5  37  N.  5    9  27.8  W. 

Natal,  S.  Africa* 29  50  47  S.  2    4    1.2  E. 

New  Haven,  Ct.* 41  19  22  N.  4  51  40.6  W. 

New  Orleans  (Mint) 29  ,'57  46  N.  6    0  13.9  W. 

New  York  (Col.  Univ.)*.  .40  48  35  N.  4  55  50.0  W. 

Nice,  France--^' 43  43  17  N.  0  29  12.2  E . 

Norfolk,  Va.  (Navy  Yd.).. 36  49  33  N.  5    5  11.0  W. 

North  Cape 7111    ON.  1  42  40.0  E. 

Northfleld,  Minn.* 44  27  42  N.  6  12  35.9  AV. 

Odessa,  Russia* 40  28  37  N.  2    3    2.2  E . 

Ogden,  Utah' 41  13    8  N.  7  27  59.6  W. 

Oxford,  Eng.  (Univ.)* 51  45  34  N.  0    5    0.4  W. 

Panama 8  57    6  N.  5  18    8.8  W. 

Para,  Brazil 1  26  59  S.  3  14    0.0  W. 

Paris,  France* 48  50  1 1  N.  0    9  20.9  E . 

Pensacola,  Fla.,  Lt 30  20  47  N.  5  49  14.1  W. 

Pernambuco,  Brazil,  Lt. .  .   8    3  22  S.  2  19  27.8  W. 

Petrograd* 59  56  30  N.  2    1  13.5  E. 

Port  au  Prince,  Hayti 18  33  54  N.  4  49  28.0  W. 

Phila'lelphla,  Pa.* 39  58    2  N.  5    1    6.8  W. 

Point  Barrowt 71  27    ON.  10  25    0.0  W. 

Portland,  Me 43  39  28  N.  4  41     1.2  W. 

Port  Louis,  Mauritius. .  .  .20    8  46  S.  3  49  57.7  E. 

Port  Said,  Egypt,  Lt 31  15  45  N.  2    9  15.5  E. 

Port  Spain,  Trinidad 10  38  39  N.  4    6    2.5  W, 

P.  Stanlev,  Falkland  Is. .  .51  41  10  S.  3  51  26.0  W, 

Prague,  Bohemia* 50    5  1 6  N-.  0  57  40.3  E . 

Princeton,  N.  J.* 40  20  ,58  N.  4  58  37.6  W, 

Providence,  R.  I.* 41  49  46  N.  4  45  37.6  W. 

Quebec,  Que.* 46  47  59  N.  4  44  52.7  W. 

Richmond,  Va 37  32  16  N.  5    9  44.0  W. 

Rio  de  Janeiro* 22  64  24  S.  2  52  41.4  W. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.* 43    9  17  N.  5  10  21.8  W. 

Rome,  Italy* 41  53  54  N.  0  49  55.1  E. 

Saigon,  CochinChina* ...  10  46  47  N.  76  48.7  E . 

San  Diego,  Cal 32  43    6  N.  7  48  38.7  W. 

Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.,  Lt.  .  ,40  27  40  N.  4  56    0.6  W. 

San  Prancisco,  Cal.* 37  47  28  N.  8    9  42.8  W. 

San  Juan  de  Porto  Rico .  .  18  28  56  N.  4  24  29.8  W. 

Santiago  de  Cuba 20    0  16  N.  5    3  22.0  W. 

Savannah,  Ga 32    4  52  N.  5  24  21.7  W. 

Seattle,  Wash 47  35  54  N.  8    9  19.9  W. 

Shanghai,  China 31  14  42  N.  8    5  55.7  E. 

Singapore 1  17  11  N.  6  55  26.0  E. 

St.  Helena  Island 15  55    OS.  0  22  52.0  W, 

St.  John's,  Newfoundland. 47  34    2  N.  3  30  43.6  W. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.* 38  38    3  N.  6    0  49.3  W. 

Stockholm* 59  20  33  N.  112  14.0  E . 

Suakim,  E.  Africa,  Lt 19    7    0  N.  2  29  16.6  E. 

Sydney,  N.  S.  W.* 33  51  41  S.  10    4  49.3  E. 

Toklo,  Japan* 35  39  17  N.  9  18  58.2  E. 

Tunis  (Goletta  Lt.) 36  48  36  N.  0  41  14.5  E . 

Utrecht,  Netherlands* ....  52    5  10  N.  0  20  31 .0  E . 

Valparaiso,  Chile 33    1  53  S.  4  46  34.8  W. 

Venice,  Italy* 45  26  10  N.  0  49  22.1  E. 

Vera  Cruz,  Mex.,  Lt 19  12  29  N.  6  24  31.8  W. 

Victoria,  B.  C,  Lt 48  25  26  N.  8  13  33.8  W. 

Vienna,  Austria* 48  13  55  N.  1    5  21.4  E. 

Warsaw,  Poland* 52  13    5  N.  1  24    7.2  E . 

Washington,  D.  C* 38  55  14  N.  5    8  15.8  W. 

WelUneton,  N.  Z.* 4117    4  S.  1139    4.3  E. 

West  Point,  N.  Y.* 41  23  22  N.  4  55  50.6  W. 

Williamstown,  Mass.* 42  42  30  N.  4  52  50.4  W. 

Yokohama,  Japan 35  26  24  N.  9  18  36.9  E . 

Zanzibar  (E.  Consulate) . .  6    9  43  S.  2  36  44.7  E. 


♦  Observatories.    Lt.  denotes  a  lighthouse,    t  Highest  latitude  in  U.  S.  territory. 


66 


Latitude  and  Longitude. 


LATITUDE     AND     LONGITUDE     TAB'LE— Continued. 


ADDITIONAL 

LIGHTHOUSES. 

Lat. 

Long. 

Long. 

Lat. 

Long. 

Long. 

Mount  Desert,  ivfe 

O        /       AT 

43  58  08 
43  45  53 
43  42  27 
43  33  58 
42  38  21 
42  21  55 
42  19  41 
41  20  55 
41  04  16 
40  37  57 
40  23  46 
39  45  52 
38  55  59 
38  46  42 
37  54  40 
37  07  22 
34  37  22 
33  50  47 
33  01  08 

32  22  31 

33  01  19 
31  23  33 
31  08  02 
29  53  07 
28  27  37 
26  56  54 
25  35  25 
24  51  06 

H.  M. 
4  32 
4  37 
4  39 
4  40 
4  43 
4  43 
4  43 
4  43 
4   47 
4   52 
4  55 
4  56 

4  59 
6  00 

5  01 
5  03 
5  06 
5  11 
5  17 
5  21 
5  23 
5  25 
5  25 
5  25 
5  22 
5  20 
5  20 
5  22 

S. 

30.9 
15.9 
02.1 
48.1 
18.1 
28.7 
33.7 
20.5 
25.8 
52  5 
56.6 
25.6 
50.6 
20.3 
25.5 
37.6 
05.9 
51.9 
29.7 
45.0 
23.0 
08  2 
34  5 
09.3 
105 
19.7 
23.3 
28.6 

o        /       # 

68  07  44 

69  18  59 

69  45  32 

70  12  02 
70  34  31 
70  52  11 
70  53  26 

70  50  08 

71  51  27 
73  13  08 

73  59  09 

74  06  24 

74  57  39 

75  05  03 
75  21  23 

75  54  24 

76  31  29 

77  57  58 

79  22  26 

80  26  15 

80  50  45 

81  17  03 
81  23  38 
81  17  20 
80  32  37 
80  04  56 
80  05  49 
80  37  09 

Dry  Tortugas,  Fla 

Pensaeola,  Fla 

0     »    » 

24  37  59 
30  20  46 
30  U  15 
29  U  26 

28  54  52 

29  28  20 
29  21  59 
28  56  41 
28  20  15 

32  39  55 

33  42  31 

34  26  56 

35  09  38 

36  38  01 

37  41  58 

37  59  45 

38  57  19 

40  26  26 

41  03  08 

42  50  07 

43  39  46 

44  40  38 

45  50  16 

46  53  19 
48  23  31 
60  14  05 
54  23  52 

H. 

5 
5 
5 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
7 
7 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
9 
10 

M.     S. 

31  40.9 
49   13.9 

52  12.1 
56  09.9 
04   17.0 
14  54.1 
19  04.1 
21   14.1 
25  41.8 
48  58.1 

53  00.2 
01  52.9 
03  02.5 
07  43.9 
12  00.3 
12  05.4 
14  57.6 

17  37.4 
16  36  1 

18  15.0 
16  47.5 
16   18.9 
16  04.3 
16  27.8 
18  56.6 
46  36.4 
58  58.7 

o        /      * 

82  55  13 
87  18  29 

Sand  Island,  Ala 

88  03  02 

Cap^  Elizabeth,  Me.,  E . .  . 

Cape  Ann,  Mass  ,  N 

The  Graves  'Mass . . . 

Pass  a  Loutre,  La 

Ship  Shoal,  La 

8D  02  28 
91  04  15 

Sabine  Bank,  La 

93  43  31 

Bolivar  Point,  Tex 

Brazos  River,  Tex 

Matagorda,  Tex 

94  46  01 

Gay  Head,  Mass 

95  18  31 

Mnnt.a'ik  Point    N.  Y 

96  25  27 

Fire  Island;  NY 

Point  Loma,  Cal 

117  14  32 

Naveaink,  N.  J 

Barnegat,  N.' J 

Cape  May,  N.  J 

Cape  Hcnlopen,  Del 

Los  Angeles  Harbor,  Cal .  . 
Point  Conception,  Cal .... 

San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal 

Point  Pinos,  Cal 

118  15  03 
120  28  13 

120  45  37 

121  55  59 

Farallon,  Cal 

123  00  04 

Cape  Chai'leSt  Va 

Point  Reyes,  Cal 

123  01  21 

Cape  Lookout,  N.  C 

Cape  Fear,  N.  C 

Cape  Romain,  S.  C 

Hunting  Island,  S.  C 

Tybee,  Ga 

Point  Arena,  Cal 

123  44  24 

Cape  Mendocino,  Cal 

Trinidad  Head.  Cal 

Cape  Blanco,  Ore 

Umpqua  River,  Ore 

Yaquina  Head,  Ore 

Tillamook  Rock,  Ore 

Grays  Harbor,  Wash 

Cape  Fl.attery,  Wash 

Cape  Hinchinbrook,  Alaska 
Scotch  Cap,  Alaska 

124  24  21 
124  09  02 
124  33  45 
124  11  62 

Sapelo,  Ga 

124  04  43 

St.  Simon,  Ga 

124  01  05 

St.  Augustine,  Fla 

Cape  Canaveral,  Fla 

Jupiter  Inlet,  Fla 

Fowey  Rocks,  Fla 

Alligator  Reef,  Fla 

124  06  57 
124  44  09 
146  39  06 
164  44  40 

On    Mountain    Peaks. 


Lat. 

Long. 

Long. 

Lat. 

Longx 

Long. 

Mount  McKinley,  Alaska  . 
Mount  St.  Elias,  Alaska . . . 
Mount  Shasta,  Cal 

0        1       If 

63  03  59 
60  17  29 
41  24  34 
39  11  15 

38  50  26 

39  07  04 
44  06  46 
35  45  53 
46  51  11 
38  40  11 

37  55  28 

38  34  14 

H.  M.     s. 

10  04  02.9 
9  23  42  9 
8  08  46.5 
7  05  54.1 
7  00   10.5 

7  05  46.7 

4  55  41.8 

5  29  03.7 

8  07  03.1 
8  10  31.9 
8   10  23.0 
7  55  09.8 

O         t        It 

151  00  44 
140  55  43 
122  11  38 
106  28  31 

105  02  37 

106  26  41 
73  55  27 
82  15  65 

121  45  47 

122  37  58 
122  35  45 
118  47  27 

Mount  Hood,  Ore 

Mount  Ouray,  Col 

Mount  Cheehahaw,  Ala... 

Briery  Knob,  W.  Va 

Mount  Waas,  Utah 

Wheeler  Peak,  Nev 

Mount  Harvard,  Col 

Mount  Belknap,  Utah 

Silver  Mount.,  S.  Pk.,  Cal 

Mount  Conness,  Cal 

Alamagordo  Pk.,  N.  Mex . 
Mount  Washington,  N.  H. 

O        1      If 

45  22  27 
38  25  22 
33  29  08 
38  08  40 
38  32  21 
38  69  10 
38  55  28 
38  25  10 
38  32  39 
37  58  03 
33  22  21 
44  16  14 

H.  M.      8 
8  06  47.3 
7' 04  63.8 
5  43  14.1 
5  21  22.7 
7   16  64.^ 
7  37  15.2 
7  05   16.9 
7  29  38.9 
7  59  01.1 
7  57  16.9 
7  03  14.4 
4  45   12.9 

o      #     a 
121  41  49 
106  13  27 
85  48  31 
80  20  40 

Pikes  Peak,  Col 

109  13  38 

Mount  Elbert,  Col 

114  18  48 

Mount  Marcy,  N.  Y 

Mount  MltchfU,  N.  C 

Mount  Rainier,  Wash  .... 

Mount  Helena,  Cal 

Mount  Tamalpais,  Cal 

Mount  Grant,  Nev 

106  19  13 
112  24  43 
119  45  17 
il9  19  14 
105  48  36 
71  18  14 

IN    THE    National   and    State    Capitals. 
(Capitol  Building,  except  where  noted.) 


Capitol,  Head  of  Liberty 
Statue,  D.  C 

Washington  Monument, 
D.  c ■: 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Sacramento,  Cal 

Hartford  Ct 

Dover,  Del.  (Courthouse) . 

Des  Moines,  Iowa  (Obs. ) . . 

Topeka,  Kan 

Augusta,  Me 

Jefferson  City,  Mo 


Lat. 


38  53  23 

38  53  22 
32  22  4C 

38  34  37 
41  45  51 

39  09  21 
41  36  00 
39  02  54 
44  18  26 
38  34  47 


Long. 


H.  M. 

5  08 

5  08 
5  45 
8  05 

4  50 

5  02 

6  14 
6  22 
4  39 
6  08 


S.l 

02.3 

08.5 

12.1 

58.3 

43.9 

05.7 

30 

42.8 

07.7 

41.3 


Long. 

O         1       It 

Tl  00  34 

77  02  08 
86  18  02 
121  29  34 
72  40  58 
75  31  25 

95  40  42 
69  46  56 
92  10  20 

Carson  City,  Nev 

Raleigh,  N.  C.  (Trlangula- 

tion) 

Columbus,  Ohio  (Obs. ) . .  . 
Oklahoma  C.Okla.  (Ch.)  . 

Salem.  Ore 

Salt     Lake     City,      Utah 

(Temple) 

Olympia,  Wash 

Charleston,    W.    Va.    (Old 

Capital  building ) 

Cheyenne,  Wyo 


Lat 


39  09  51 

35  56  22 
39  59  50 
35  28  31 
44  66  19 

10  46  15 

47  02  09 

38  21  02 
41  08 


Long. 


7  59 


02 
32 
30 
12 

27 
II 

26 

59 


s. 
03.7 

49.3 
02.6 
00.4 
06.9 

33.9 
36.6 

31.8 
16.7 


Long. 


119  45  66 

75  42  19 

97  30  06 
123  01  44 

HI  53  28 
122  64  09 

81  37  57 
104  49  11 


In  Other   Cities. 


Lat. 

Long. 

Long. 

Lat. 

Long. 

Long. 

Rockland,  Me.  (Cong.  Ch.) 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (City  Hall ) . 

0        /       * 

44  06  24 
42  53  03 

45  31  00 

34  02  48 
30  41  23 
38  15  16 

H.  u.    H. 

.4  36  26.7 
5  15  30.7 

8  10  42.6 

7  53  00.3 
5  52  09.7 
5  43  02.5 

O        *       It 

69  06  37 
78  52  41 

122  40  39 

118  15  04 

88  02  25 
85  45  38 

Duluth,  Minn.    (High 
School) 

0       •      it 

46  47  21 

30  19  35 

39  05  56 
27  56  53 

31  45  ;ffl 

H.  -M.     B. 
6  08  24.0 

5  26  37.1 

6  18  20.9 
5  29  49.9 

7  05  66.1 

92  06  00 

Portland,      Ore.      (Court- 
house)   

Jacksonville,  Fla.    (Court- 
house ) 

81  39  17 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  (Baptist 

Church) 

Mobile,  Ala.  (Courthouse) 
LoulBville,  Ky.  (City  Hall ) 

Kansas  City,  Mo.  (Presby- 
terian Church) 

Tampa,  Fla.  (Courthouse) 
El  Paso.  Tex.  (Courthouse ) 

94  35  13 
82  27  28 
106  29  02 

Latitude  of  a  place  Is  its  angular  distance  f'om  the  equator  and  is  measured  by  an  arc  of  the  me:ldlan 
between  the  zenith  and  the  equator.  LongUurte  of  a  place  is  measured  by  the  arc  of  the  equator,  inter- 
cepted between  the  prime  meridlao  and  the  meridian  passing  through  the  place,  or  Dy  the  angle  at  the  pole 
between  those  two  meridians. 


Earthquake  Areas  of  the  Earth. 


67 


FACTS    ABOUT    THE    EARTH. 

(Revised  by  the  National  Geographic  Society  of  Washington,  D.  C,  Irom  the  latest  available  figures  an* 

THE  superficial  area  of  the  earth  is  196,940,000  square  miles — 140,295, 000 -Square  miles  of  water  an*" 
56,255,000  square  miles  of  land.  The  three  great  oceans  comprise  the  Atlantic,  41,321,000  square  miles; 
Pacific,  68,634,000  square  miles,  and  Indian.  29,430,000  square  miles.  There  are  about  1,000,000  square 
miles  of  lake  and  river  surface  on  the  land,  and  1,910,000  square  miles  of  islands  in  the  seas.  The  diameter 
of  the  earth  at  the  equator  is  7,926  miles,  and  through  the  poles  7,899.6  miles.  The  average  elevation  of 
the  land  above  sea  level  Is  2,300  feet.  The  average  depth  of  the  ocean  below  sea  level  is  12,600  feet.  The 
deepest  place  In  the  ocean  yet  found  Is  off  Mindanao,  Philippine  Islands,  32,088  feet.  The  highest  idoun- 
taln  is  Mount  Everest,  in  the  Himalayas,  29,002  feet.  This  gives  a  rangeof  61,090feet  ormore,  11)^  riijles, 
between  the  bottom  of  the  oceans  and  the  top  of  the  land. 

AREA   AND   POPULATION    OF   THE   EARTH    BY   CONTINENTS. 


Area  in 
Square 
Miles. 

INHABITANTS. 

Continental 
Divisions. 

Area  in 
Square 
Miles. 

Inhabitants. 

Divisions. 

Number. 

PerSq. 
MUe. 

Number. 

PerSq. 
Mile. 

Africa 

America,  N.  ......  . 

America,  S 

Asia 

11,622,619 
8,589,257 
7,570  015 

17,206.000 

142,751,000 

140,084,000 

56,3.'?7,775 

872,522,000 

12.3 

16.3 

7.4 

50.7 

Australasia 

3,312,613 
3,872,561 
5,081,935 

57,255,000 

16,228,591 
464,681,000 

4.9 
120. 

Polar  Regions 

Total 

1,692,604,360    29.6 

The  best  estimates  of  the  earth's  area  place  the  fertile  regions  at  29,000,000  square  miles;  steppes  al 
14,000.000  square  miles;  deserts  at  4,861,000  square  miles;  and  polar  regions  at  6,970,000  square  miles. 

The  population  of  the  earth  at  the  death  of  Emperor  Augustus,  estimated  by  Bodio,  was  54,000,000. 
The  population  of  Europe  hardly  exceeded  50,000,000  before  the' fifteenth  century. — Mulhall.  The  popula> 
tion  of  the  earth   at  its  present  ratio  of  gain   will  be  about  4,000,000,000  in  2014. 

The  proportion  of  females  to  each  1,000  males  in  1910  was:  United  States  934;  England  1  068;  Ger* 
many,  1,026.     In  France  (1901),  1.033. 

HIGHEST    AND    LOWEST    CONTINENTAL    ALTITUDES. 


CON'TINBNTS. 

Highest  Point. 

Ele- 
vation 
(Ft.). 

Lowest  Point. 

Below 

Sea  Level 

(Ft.). 

North  America. 
South  America.. 

Mount  McKinley,  Alaska 

MouDt  Aconcagua,  Chile-Argentina,.. 
Mont  Blanc,  France 

20,300 
23,080 
15,782 
29,002 
19,320 
7,328 

Death  Valley,  California 

Sea  level 

276 

Europe 

Caspian  Sea,  Russia 

86 

Asia   .        

Mount  Everest,  India-China 

Dead  Sea,  Palestine 

1  290 

Africa 

Kibo  Peak,  East  Africa 

Mount  Kosciusko,  New  South  Wales.. 

Insert  of  Sahara 

150 

Australia 

Lake  Torrens,  South  Australia. 

25 

POPULATION    OF    THE    E.\RTH    ACCORDING    TO    RACE. 


RACE. 

Location. 

Number. 

Race. 

Location. 

Number. 

Indo-Germanic    or 
Aryan  (white) .  . 

Mongolian  or  Tu- 
ranian     (yellow 
and  brown) 

Europe,     America. 
Persia,   India, 
Australia 

Asia 

796,000,000 

630,000,000 
70,000,000 

134,000,000 

Malay  and  Poly- 
nesian (brown)... 

."Vmerican  Indian, 
North  and  South 
(red  and  half- 
breeds) 

Australasia 

35,000,00(, 
27,000.000 

Semitic  (white) .  .  . 
NeE;ro   and   Bantu 

Africa,  Arabia,  etc. 
Africa 

Total 

1,692,000,000 

(black) 

For  statistics  of  earth's  population  according  to  cieed.  see  Religious  Statistics. 

The  human  family  is  subject  to  more  than  60  governments,  including  Poland,  Finland,  the  Ukraine 
and  other  fiagments  of  the  war-broken  Russian  Empire.  The  British  Empire  is  the  largest,  while  Monaca 
with  its  8  square  miles  and  San  Marino  with  its  38  square  miles  of  territory  are  the  smallest.  The  absolute 
monarchies  are  Abyssinia,  Afghanistan,  Morocco,  Slam,  and  Oman;  the  limited  monarchies  are  Albania, 
Austria-Hungary,  Belgium,  Bhutan,  British  Empire,  Bulgaria,  Denmark,  German  Empire,  Greece,  Italy 
Japan,  Liechtenstein,  Luxemburg,  Monaco,  Montenegro,  Nepal,  Netherlands,  Norway,  Persia,  Roumania. 
Serbia,  Spain,  Sweden,  and  Turkey;  the  republics  inciude:  Andorra,  Argentina,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Chile,  China, 
Colombia,  Costa  Rica,  Cuba,  Ecuador,  France,  Guatemala,  Haiti,  Honduras,  Liberia,  Mexico,  Nicaragua, 
Panama,  Paraguay,  Peru,  Portugal,  Russia,  Salvador,  San  Marino,  Santo  Domingo,  Switzerland,  United, 
States,  Uruguay,  Venezuela.  

EARTHQUAKE  AREAS  OF  THE  EARTH. 

From  Major  de  Montessus  de  Balore's  catalogue  of  130,000  shocks,  indicating  with  some  scientific 
accuracy  how  the  symptoms  of  seismic  activity  are  manifested  over  the  earth's  surface.  The  observation 
covers  a  recent  period  of  fifty  years;  but  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  a  longer  time  would  materially 
affect  the  proportion.ate  numbers. 


Area. 

Earth- 
quakes . 

Area. 

Earth- 
quakes . 

Area. 

Earth- 
quakes. 

Scandinavia 

646 
1,139 
2,793 
2,656 
3,895 
27,672 

2,326 
4,331 

Greece 

10,306 

2.58 

4,451 

813 

27,562 

179 

1,704 

4,467 

United    States,    Atlantic 

British  Isles 

Russia 

937 

France 

Asia  Minor 

Mexico 

5.686 

Spain  and  Portugal 

Switzerland 

India 

Central  America     

2,739 

Japan 

West  Indies 

2,561 

Italv      

Africa 

South  America 

8,081 

Holiand  and  North  Ger- 

2,165 

United      States,      Pacific 
Coast 

Australia  and  Tasmania.. 
New  Zealand 

83 

Sicily 

1,925 

The  most  shaken  countries  of  the  world  are  Italy,  Japan,  Greece,  South  America  (the  Pacific  Coast). 
Java,  Sicily,  and  Asia  Minor.  The  lands  most  free  from  these  convulsions  are  Africa,  Australia,  Russia, 
Siberia,  Scandinavia,  and  Canada.  As  a  rule,  where  earthquakes  are  most  frequent  they  are  most  severe, 
But  to  this  general  statement  there  are  exceptions — Indian  shocks,  though  less  numerous,  being  often  very 
disastrous.  Loss  of  life  in  many  cases  depends,  however,  on  density  of  population  rather  than  on  tlie 
Inteaslty  of  the  earth  movement. 


68 


The  New  Star. 


CLASSlFICATiON    OF   ROCKS  AND  PRINCIPAL  DIVISSONS   OF  CEOLOCIC  TIME 

(Prepared  by  the  U.  S.  Geologic  Survey.) 

The  rocks  composing  the  earth's  crust  are  grouped  by  geologists  into  three  great  classes.  Igneous, 
sedimentary,  and'metamorphic.  The  igneous  rocks  have  solidified  from  a  molten  state.  Those  that  have 
solidified  beneath  the  surface  are  known  as  intrusive  rocks.  Those  that  have  flowed  out  over  the  surface 
are  known  as  eHusive  rocks,  extrusive  rocks,  or  lavas.  The  term  volcanic  rock  includes  not  only  lavas  but 
bombs,  pumice,  tuft,  volcanic  ash  and  other  fragmental  materials  tlwown  out  from  volcanoes.  Sedimentary 
rocks  are  formed  by  the  accumulation  of  sediment  in  wat^r  (aqueous  deposits  or  colian  deposits).  The 
sediment  may  consist  of  rock  fragments  or  particles  of  various  sizes  (conglomerate  sandstone,  shale);  of 
the  remains  or  products  of  animals  or  plants  (certain  limestones  jind  coal);  of  the  product  of  chemical  action 
or  of  evaporation  (salt,  gypsum,  etc.);  or  of  mixtures  of  these  materials.  A  characteristic  feature  of  sedi- 
mentary deposits  Is  a  layered  structure  known  .is  bedding  or  stratification.  Metamorphic  rocks  are  deriva- 
tives of  igneous  or  sedimentary  rocks  produced  through  mechanical  or  oliemical  activities  in  the  earth's 
crust.  The  unaltered  sedimentary  rocks  are  commonly  stratifiodTand  it  is  from  their  order  of  succession 
and  that  of  their  contained  fossils  that  the  fundamental  data  of  historical  geology  have  been  deduced. 


Era. 

Period. 

r;poch. 

Characteristic  Life. 

Quarternary. 

Recent  Pleistocene. 
(Great  Ice  Age.) 

"Age  of  man."  Animals  and  plants  of 
modern  types. 

Cenozoic. 

(Recent  Life.) 

Tertiary 

Pliocene. 
M  iocene. 
Oligocene. 
Eocene. 

"Age  of  mammals."  Possible  first  appear- 
ance of.  man.  Rise  and  development  of 
highest  orders  of  pl.ants. 

Mesozolc. 
(Intermediate 
Life.) 

Cretaceous. 

Upper. 
Lower. 

"Age  of  reptiles."  Ri.?e  and  culmination  of 
huge  land  reptiles  (dinosaurs).  First  ap- 
pearance of  birds  and  mammals;  and  palms 
and  hardwood  trees. 

Jurassic. 

1 

Triassic. 

Carboniferous. 

Permian. 

Pennsylvanian. 

Miasissippian. 

"Age  of  amphibians."  Dominance  of  tree 
ferns  and  huge  mosses.  Primitive  flower- 
ing plants  and  earliest  cone-bearing  trees. 
Beginnings  of  backboned  land  animals. 
Insects. 

Paleozoic. 
(Old  Life.) 

Devonian. 

"Age  of  fishes."  Shellfish  (mollusks)  also 
abundant.  Rise  of  amphibians  and  land 
plants. 

Silurian. 

Shell-form  ing  sea  animals  dominant.  Rise  of 
fishes  and  of  reef-bnilding  corals. 

Ordovician. 

Shell-forming  sea  animals.  Culmination  of 
the  bugiike  marine  crustaceans  known  as 
trilobites.     First  trace  of  insect  life. 

Cambrian.  ' 

Trilobites,  brachiopods  and  other  sea  shells. 
Seaweeds  (algae)  abundant.  No  trace  of 
land  animals. 

Proterozolc. 
(Primordial 
Life.) 

Algonklan. 

First  life  that  has  left  distinct  record.  Crus- 
taceans, brachiopods  and  seaweeds. 

Archean, 

Crystalline  Rocks. 

No  fossils  found. 

THE    NEW    STAR. 

(By  H.  W.  Wilson,  In  the  London  Daily  Mail,  June,  1918.) 
The  apparition  of  a  new  star  of  the  first  magnitude  (which  means  a  star  of  extraordinary  brightness) 
Is  a  singular  event.  On  Saturday  night  five  Independent  observers  in  this  coimtry  observed  the  sudden 
blazing  forth  of  such  a  star  in  the  Constellation  of  Aquila,  and  their  discovery  has  now  been  verified  by 
the  Royal  Observatory  at  Greenwich.  The  cause  of  such  outbursts  must  be  some  catastrophe  in  the 
cosmic  world,  of  which  we  can  only  form  the  dimmest  conception  on  our  relatively  stable  and  regularly 
ordered  earth.  From  time  to  time  stars  which  are  invisible  or  all  but  invisible  blaze  up,  assume  for  a 
shorter  or  longer  period  an  intense  brilliance,  and  then  again  fade  into  night.  The  annals  of  ancient 
astronomy  record  ten  such  instances  between  134  B.  c.  and  1500  a.  d.  Since  1.500  there  have  been  ten 
more  new  stars,  visible  to  the  naked  eye,  so  that  the  average  occurrence  is  bow  about  two  per  century. 

There  are  two  explanations  of  these  strange  apparitions  in  the  sky.  The  first  is  that  the  sudden  rise 
In  brilliance  Is  the  result  of  a  collision  In  space  between  two  stars  or  between  a  star  and  a  mass  of  meteoric 
matter  or  a  nebula.  In  the  first  case  there  would  be  something  far  more  violent  than  the  most  tremendous 
explosion  which  we  can  imagine;  the  heat  of  the  two  bodies  meeting — projectiles  moving  at  a  speed  of  at 
least  100,000  feet  per  second  each— in  the  intense  cold  of  the  outer  abysses  would  rise  to  such  a  degree  as 
Is  not  even  approached  In  the  sun's  teiTlflc  furnaces.  There  would  be  an  emanation  of  brilliance  visible 
across  the  infinite  and  almost  unimaginable  gUUs  that  part  us  from  these  far-off  mysterious  objects,  and 
then  gradually  the  brilliance  would  die  down. 

Nova  Persei,  such  a  new  star  discovered  by  T.  D.  Anderson  in  February,  1901,  two  days  after  It  had 
been  glimpsed,  became  the  brightest  star  on  the  northern  heavens,  but  in  less  than  three  weeks  sank  to 
the  fourth  magnitude,  and  in  1903  had  fallen  to  the  twelfth  magnitude,  at  which  level  of  light  it  has  remained 
ever  since.  Stupendous  physical  changes  must  have  passed  in  those  two  brief  years.  "The  second  explana/- 
tlon  Is  that  there  Is  no  collision,  but  some  outburst  of  electrical  or  chemical  activity  in  the  star  itself  due 
to  forces  similar  to  those  which  act  so  strangely  on  the  sun  producing  sun-spots — forces  which  may  even 
lie  outside  the  law  of  gravitation.  Other  explanations  have  been  offered  but  have  not  as  yet  been  generally 
accepted  by  astronomers.  One  of  the  most  plausible  of  these  views  the  new  star  as  the  result  of  a  sudden 
condensation  by  gravitation  of  a  vast  nebula  about  a  star  centre  (or  a  point  on  which  stars  are  supposed 
to  be  moving). 


Legal  Holidays  in  the  United  States. 


69 


TELESCOPES. 

There  are  two  kinds  of  telescopes,  viz.,  refracting  and  reflecting.  In  the  former  the  rays  of  light  are 
made  to  converge  to  a  focus  by  lenses,  while  in  the  latter  they  are  made  to  converge  by  being  reflected  from 
the  surface  of  a  slightly  concaved,  highly  polished  mirror.  The  chief  disadvantages  of  .refracting  telescopes 
are  the  chromatic  and  spherical  aberrations  of  the  lenses.  In  reflecting  telescopes  these  aberrations  can 
be  done  away  with  by  using  parabolic  mirrors.  These  have,  however,  a  smaller  field  of  good  definition 
than  refractors.  Owing  to  the  travelling  of  the  earth  in  its  orbit  and  revolving  about  its  axis,  stars  if  viewed 
by  a  fixed  telescope  would  soon  disappear.  It  is  thus  necessary  that  a  telescope  be  mounted  so  a  star  will 
always  be  in  its  field.  This  is  accomplished  by  using  an  equatorial  mounting  In  which  there  are  two  akes, 
one  called  the  "polar,"  that  is  parallel  to  the  axis  of  the  earth,  and  the  other  the  "declination, "at  right  angles 
to  it.  Hence,  when  a  star  is  to  be  followed,  the  telescope  is  clamped  in  position  and  by  nieans  of  clock'worS 
follows  the  star  so  it  always  remains  in  view.  , 

The  magnifying  power  of  telescopes  is  generally  expressed  in  diameters,  the  practical  lifnit  of  powel 
being  100  diameters  per  inch  of  diameter  of  the  telescope.  Thus  the  36-lnch  telescope  at  the  Lick  Observa- 
tory may  give  a  magnifying  power  of  3,600  diameters.  But  such  high  power  can  only  be  used  in  a  very 
clear  atmosphere,  and  consequently  most  astronomical  observations  are  made  at  1,000  diameters. 

The  largest  refracting  telescopes  in  the  world  are  in  the  United  States.  The  one  at  Yerkes'Observatory, 
Geneva  Lake,  Wis.,  has  an  object  lens  40  inches  in  diameter,  with  a  focal  length  of  64  feet.  The  movable 
part  of  the  instrument  turning  on  the  polar  axis  weighs  about  12  tons,  and  the  clock  1J4  tons.  Other  large 
telescopes  are  the  36-inch  at  Lick  Observatory,  Mt.  Hamilton,  Cal.,  where  many  Important  astronomical 
discoveries  have  been  made;  the  26-inch  at  the  U.  S.  Observatory,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  24-incli 
(photographic  objective)  belonging  to  Harvard  University.  There  is  a  30-inch  refracting  telescope  at  the 
Allegheny  Observatory,  Riverview  Park,  Pa. 

Abroad  is  the  30-irich  at  the  Imperial  Observatory,  Pulkova  (near  Petrograd),  Russia.  This  telescope 
has  a  platform  at  the  lower  end  of  the  polar  axis,  from  which  observers  can  readily  operate  the  instrument, 
The  Meudon  Observatory  (near  Paris,  France)  has  a  32-inoh,  the  Potsdam,  Prussia,  a  31-inch,  and  the 
Royal  Observatory,  at  Greenwich,  England,  a  28-inch.  There  is  a  32-inch  at  the  Nikolaiefl  Observatorj 
of  Russia. 

Two  of  the  most  perfect  reflecting  telescope  instruments  ever  built  are  at  Mt.  Wilson  Observatory, 
Pasadena,  Cal.  One  mirror  is  silver  on  glass,  60  inches  in  diameter,  and  weighs  nearly  a  ton.  The  telescope 
is  moved  by  electric  motors  in  right  ascension  and  declination.  An  Important  feature  in  this  instrumenC 
is  the  different  focal  lengths  that  can  be  obtained.  The  60-inch  mirror  has  a  25-foot  focus,  but  by  a  suitabla 
arrangement  of  mirrors  it  is  possible  to  set  focal  lengths  of  80,  100  and  150  feet.  At  the  same  observatory! 
is  a  10(3-inch  reflector;  the  tube  with  the  mirror  at  the  bottom  is  43  feet  long,  and  with  the  mountings  weighs 
nearly  20  tons.  There  is  a  36-lnch  reflector  at  Lick  Ob.servatory,  Harvard  University  has  a  28-inch  and  a.- 
60-lnoh,  and  at  the  Yerkes  Observatory  is  a  24-inch.  Other  notable  reflectors  are  the  Lord  Rosse,  at  Biru 
Castle,  Ireland,  which  has  a  mirror  72  Inches  in  diameter  of  speculum  metal  and  a  focal  length  of  54  feet.* 
a  48-inch  at  Melbourne,  Australia;  a  60-inch  at  Ealing,  England;  a  48-inch  at  Paris,  France,  and  a  39-lncU 
at  Meuilon,  France.  The  new  61-inch  reflecting  telescope  at  the  National  Astronomic  Observatory,  Cordoba, 
Argentina,  is  claimed  to  be  the  most  powerful  reflector  in  the  Southern  Hemisphere  and  the  third  most  power- 
lul  In  the  world.     The  Dominion  Astronomical  Observatory,  Victoria,  B.  C,  Canada,  has  a  72-inch  reflector. 


LEGAL    HOLIDAYS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Jan.  l..,New  Year's  Day  (Ex- 
cept in  Mass.  and  Dist.  of  Col.) 

Jan.  8. .  .Battle  of  New  Orleans 
(La.  only). 

Jan.  19..  .Birthday  of  Gen.  Lee 
(in  Ala.,  Ark.,  Fla.,  Ga.,  Miss., 
N.  C,  S.  C,  Va. 

Feb.     2 . . .  Arbor  Day  (in  S.  Ariz.) . 

Feb.  12.  .Lincoln's  Birthday  (in 
Cal.,  Colo.,  Conn.,  Del.,  Ga.,  III., 
Ind.,  la.,  Kan.,  Mich.,  Minn., 
Miss.,  Mont.,  Neb.,  Nev.,  N.  J., 
N.  Y.,  N.  Dak.,  N.  M.,  Ore.,  Pa., 
S.  Dak.,  Utah,  Wash.,  W.  Va., 
Wyo. 

Feb.    12. 

Feb.   14. 

Feb.   22. 


..Georgia  Day  (in  Ga.). 
.  .Adrais'n  Day  (in  Ariz.). 
. .  Washington's  Birthday 
(all  over  Union) . 

Feb.   22. .  .Arbor  Day  (in  Tex.). 

Mar.  2... Independence  Day  (in 
Tex.). 

Mar.  4 ...  Inauguration  Day  (ev- 
ery 4  years  in  the  Dist.  of  Col.) 

Mar.  4...Mardi  Gras  (in  Ala., 
Fla.,  La.,  in  the  parishes  of 
Orleans,  St.  Bernard,  Jefferson, 
St.  Charles,  and  St.  John  the 
Baptist) . 

Mar.  17... Arbor  Day  (in  Okla.). 

Mar.  25. .  .Maryland  Day  (in  Md.) 

April    6..  .Arbor  Day  (in  N.  Ariz.) 

April  12 . .  HaUfax  Independence 
Resolutions  (in  N.  Car.). 

April  13. .  .JeHerson's  Birthday  (In 
Ala.). 

April  15.  ..Arbor  Day  (in  Utah). 

April  18... Good  Friday  (in  Ala. 
Conn.,  Del.,  Fla.,  La.,  Md., 
Minn.,  N.  J.,  Pa.,  and  Tenn. 

April  19... Patriot's  Day  (in  Me., 

April  2 i..  .San  Jacinto  Day  (in 
Tex.). 


April  26. .  .Confed.  Mem.  Day  (in 
Ala.,  Fla.,  Ga.,  Miss.). 

May     9. .  .Arbor  Day  (in  R.  I.). 

May  10... Confed.  Mem.  Day  (in 
N.  Car.,  S.  Car.,  and  Tenn.). 

May  12..  .Mothers'  Day  (in  N. 
M.). 

May   18... Peace  Day  (in  N.  M.). 

May  20,..Anniv.  Signing  of  the 
Mecklenburg  Declaration  of 
Independence  (in  N.  Car.). 

May  30. .  .Memorial  Day  (in 
Ariz.,  Cal.,  Col.,  Conn.,  Del., 
Dist.  of  Col.,  Idaho,  111.,  Ind., 
la.,  Kan.,  Ky.,  Me.,  Md.,  Mass., 
Mich.,  Minn.,  Mo.,  Mont., 
Neb.,  Nev.,  N.  H.,  N.  J.,  N.  M., 
N.  Y.,  N.  Dak.,  Ohio,  Okla., 
Ore.,  Pa.,  R.  I.,  S.  Dak.,  Tenn., 
Vt.,  Va.,  Wash..  W.  Va.,  Wis., 
Wyo.) 

May   30... Confed.      Mem.      Day 
(in  Va.). 
une    3.  .  .Jefferson  Davis'  Birth- 
day   (in   Ala.,   Ark,,   Fla.,   Ga. 
Miss.,  S.  Car.,  Tenn.,  Tex. 

June  3 ...  Confederate  Memorial 
Day  (in  La.) . 

June  15. .  .Pioneer  Day  (in  Idaho) 

June  17... Bunker  Hill  Day  (in 
Boston.  Not  a  legal  holiday 
but  banlc8  close  by  general 
agreement), 

July  4 ...  Independence  Day  (all 
over  Union). 

July  24. .  .Pioneer  Day  (in  Utah). 

Aug.     1...  Colorado  Day  (in  Col.). 

Aug.  16. .  .Bennington  Battle  Day 
(in  Vt.). 

Aug.  20-21.. Good  Roads  Days 
(in  Mo.). 

Sept.  2 .  . .  Labor  Day  (except  in 
N.  Mex.  and  Dist  of  Col.). 

Sept.    9.  .-.Admjs'n  Day  (in  Cal.). 


Oct.  12 . . .  Columbus  Day  (in  Ala., 
Ariz.,  Ark.,  Cal.,  Conn.,  Col., 
Del.,  Idaho,  111.,  Ind.,  Kan., 
Ky.,  Me.,  Md.,  Mass.,  Mich., 
Mo.,  Mont.,  Neb.,  Nev.,  N.  H., 
N.  J.,  N.  Mex.,  N.  Y..  Ohio, 
Okla.,  Ore.,  Pa.,  R.  I.,  Tex.,  Va., 
Wash.,  W.  Va. 

Farmers'  Day  (in  Fla.). 


Oct 

Oct 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Neb.). 
Nov.     4 


Neb.). 
April  23. .  .Fast  Day  (in  N.  H.).. 


AprU  21...  Arbor  Day  (in  Col.  and  Sept.  12...  Old  Defender's  Day  (in 


Baltimore,  Md.). 
Oct.     7. .  .Missouri  Day  (in  Mo.) 


13. 
26. 
31. 

1. 

1. 


.Fraternal  Day  (in  Ala.). 
.Admis'n  Day  (in  Nev.). 
.All  Saints'  Day  (in  La.). 
.State    Fire    Day     (in 


Election  Day  (1st  Tues- 
day  after   the    1st   Monday   In 
November.        All    over    Union, 
except  Dist.  of  Col.) 
Nov.   23. ..Repudiation    Day 
(Stamp      Act),      In     Frederick 
County,  Md. 
Nov.  27. .  .National  Thanksgiving 
Day  (usually  the  last  Thursday 
in  November.     In  every  State 
and  Dist.  of  Col.). 
Dec.     3i .  .Arbor  Day  (in  Ga.). 
Dec.   25 ...  Christmas      Day      (all 
over  Union). 

Under  the  Negotiable  Instru- 
ments Law  adopted  by  every  State 
in  the  Union  except  Cal.,  Ga.,  Me., 
Miss.,  S.  Car.,  and  Tex.,  every 
negotiable  instrument  is  payable 
at  the  time  fixed  therein  without 
grace.  When  the  day  of  maturity 
falls  upon  Sunday  or  a  holiday,  the 
instrument  is  payable  on  the  next 
succeeding  business  day.  In  the 
United  States  legal  holidays  are 
fixed  by  State  and  Territorial  legis- 
lation. It  Is  customary  lor  the 
President  to  proclaim  the  last 
Thursday  in  November  as  a  day  of 
Thanlcsgiving.  This  makes  it-  a 
legal  holiday  in  the  Dist.  of  Col. 
and  in  the  territories,  and  it  la 
customary  for  State  Governors  to 
fix  the  same  date. 


70 


Holidays  of  the  World. 


HOLIDAYS    OF    THE    WORLD.  j 

By  countries,  compiled  by  the  Guaranty  Trust  Company  of  New  York,  and  .revised  for   1919   by 
Arthur  Newton,  of  the  United  States  Naval  Observatory,  Washington,  D.  C. 


ALASKA. 


Jen. 
Feb. 
Feb. 

May 

July 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov 

Dec 


1. 
12. 

22.. 

30.. 

4.. 


.  New  Year's  Day. 
..Lincoln's  Birthday. 
.  .Washington's Birthday. 
. .  Decoration  Day. 
. .  Independence  Day. 
1. .  .Labor  Day. 
18..  .Alaska  Day. 
27. .  .ThanliS3iving  Day. 
25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 
Due  days  follow  Sundays  and 
legal  holidays.  General  Election 
Day  every  two  years,  during 
November. 

ALGERIA. 

Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 
Mar.    3*. .  Lundi  Gras  Carnival. 
Mar.    4*.  .Mardi  Gras  Carnival. 
April  18*.. Good  Friday. 
April  21. .  .Easter  Monday. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
Tune    9. . .  Whit  Monday. 
July   14... Fall  of  the  Bastille. 
Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 
Nov.     1...A1I  Saints'  Day. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

♦  Unofficial  holidays.  If  anj' 
holiday  falls  on  Friday  or  Tuesday 
the  banlia  are  closed  on  Saturday 
or  Monday  respectively. 

ARGENTINA. 

Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.     6. .  .The  Eoipiiany. 
Feb.     2*..Purincation. 
Mar.  3,  4. .  Ante-Lent  Camiv.  Dys. 
Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 
April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18... Good  Friday. 
April  19. .  .Holy  Saturday. 
May   25 . . .  IndependencesDay. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
June  19*.  .Corpus  Cbristi. 
June  24*. .St.  John  the  Baptist. 
June  29. .  .St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 
July     9...Procl.  of  Nat'l  Ind. 
Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 
Aug.  30. .  .Santa  Rosa  de  Lima. 
Sept.    8*.  .Nativity. 
Nov.     1 . . .  All  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.   11... St.  Martin  Tours  (Pa- 
tron   Saint    of    Buenos    Aires — 

celebrated  there  only). 
Dec.     8. .  .Immaculate  Concepfn. 
Dec.   25 . .  .Christmas  Day. 

On  all  of  these  days,  except  those 
Indicated  by  an  asterisk,  banks  and 
all  business  houses  are  closed,  as 
are  also  Government  cfflces,  law 
courts,  etc.  *  Religious  days  not 
generally  observed  by  banks  and 
business  houses. 

AUSTRALIA. 
Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.     2... Day  after  New  Year's 

(Victoria) . 
Jan.   25. .  .Foundation  Day  (in  N. 

S.  W.,  Vict.,  W.  A.,  and  Tasm.) 
Jan.   29 ...  Foundation     Day     (in 

Queensland  and  S.  Australia). 
Mar.     l...St.    David's    Day     (In 

Queensland). 
Mar.  17... St.   Patrick's  Day    (In 

Queensland). 
April  18... Good  Friday. 
April  19... Holy  Satuiday  (all  but 

New  South  Wales). 
April  21 . .  .Easter  ]\Ionday. 
Aprl'.  22... paster    Tuesday    (Vic 

toria,,W.  Australia,  Tasmania). 
April  23..  .St.    George's   Day    (in 

Queensland) . 
April  26... 8-Hours'  Day  (Vict.). 
May     6...8-Hour8' Day  (Q'land). 
May     7 . . .  King's  Accession  (S.  A.) . 
June   3. .  .King's  Birthday. 


June  22. .  .Coronat'n  Day  (W.  A.). 
June  23. .  .Prince  of  Wales  Birth- 
day (all  but  Q'land  and  Vict.). 
Aug.     5... Bank  Hoi.   (N.  S.  W.). 
Sept.  10. .  .Friendly  Societies'  Day 

(Queensland). 
Sept.  27. .  .Agricultural  Show  Day 

(Victoria). 
Oct.      7...8-Hours'     Day     (New 

South  Wales). 
Oct.    I0...8-Hours'   Day   (S.  A.). 
Nov.     5... Cup  Day  (Melbourne). 
Nov.  30... St.      Andrew's     Day 

(Queensland  and  Victoria). 
Dec.    16. .  .Separation  (Q'land). 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   25... Boxing  Day  (all  States 

except  South  Australia). 
Dec.   27 ...  2d  Day  after  Christmas 

(Western  Australia). 
Dec.   28...Procl.  Day   (S.  Aust.). 

In  Australia  legal  holidays  are 
determined  by  the  various  States, 
just  as  they  are  in  the  United 
States,  and  differ  considerably  in 
the  several  States.  In  the  event  of 
any  of  these  falling  upon  a  Sunday, 
the  Monday  next  following  Is  kept 
as  a  holiday. 

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 
April  17. 
April  18. 
May  9. 
May   10. 


1. 

6. 

2. 
25. 


17.. 

18.. 

20. 

8. 


June  29. 

A»ug.  15. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Sept 

Sept.  28 

Nov.      I 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 


.New  Year's  Day. 
.The  Epiphany. 
.Purification. 
.Annunciation. 
.Holy  Thursday. 
.Good  Friday. 
.The  Ascension. 
.Johann  Nepomuk  Day 
(Bohemia); 
June    9 . . .  Whit  Monday. 
June  19. .  .Corpus  Christl. 

.St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
.Assumption. 
.Emp.  Charles  B'day. 
.Franz  Josef  Birthday. 
..St.  Stephen  (Hungary). 
..Nativity. 

..Wenzel  Day  (Bohem.). 
..All  Saints'  Dav. 
2. .  .St.  Justus  at  Trieste. 
15... St.  Leopold  at  Vienna. 
8. .  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 
25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
26... St.  Stephen. 

BELGIUM.  " 

Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 

Mar.     3*. .  Lundi  Gras. 

Mar.    4...Mardl     Gras     (Shrove 

Tuesday) .  ^ 

April    8 . . .  King's  Birthday. 
April  18*.  .Good  Friday. 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
June    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
July   21. .  .National  Ind.  Day. 
Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 
Nov.     1 . .  .All  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.     2*.. All  Souls' Day. 
Dec.   25 . .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26*.. St.  Stephen. 

*  Unofficial.  The  Brussels  Bourse 
does  not  close  on  these  days.  It  is 
closed,  however,  every  Saturday 
throughout  the  year.  The  first 
day  of  tlie  Kermesse  is  usually 
holiday  in  each  locality  where  this 
popular  carnival  is  held.  "The 
Kermesse  lasts  from  a  week  to  a 
month,  that  at  Brussels  beginning 
early  in  July. 

BOLIVIA. 

Jan.     I . . . New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.      6*.  .The  Epiphany. 
Feb.     2*.  .Purification. 
Feb.     3. ,  .Birthday  Gen.  Sucre. 


.Mon.  bef.  Lent  Camiv. 
.Tues.  bef.  Lent  Carnlv. 
.Ash  Wednesday. 
.Annunciation. 
.Holy  Thursday. 
.Good  Friday. 
.Holy  Saturday. 
.The  Ascension. 
.  Corpus  Christl. 
.St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
.Intention  of  Ind.  Day. 
.Bolivar  Birthday. 
.Independence  Day. 
15*.  .Assumption. 
.Nativity. 

.Discovery  of  America. 
.AU  Saints'  Day. 
.All  Souls'  Day. 
.Immaculate  Concept'n. 
.  Christmas  Day. 
*  Unofficial. 

BRAZIL. 

National    Holidays  for  all  Brazil. 
Jan.     1 . .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Feb.   24. .  .Promulg.  of  Constltu'n. 
April  21 . .  .Tlradentes  Day. 
May     3. .  .Discovery  of  Brazil. 
13... Abolition  of  Slavery. 
14. .  .Liberty  Day. 
7. .  .Independence  Day. 
12. .  .Discovery  of  America. 
2. .  .Memorial  Day. 
15...  Proclam  at'  n  of  the  Rep. 
following   church    holidays 
but    are 


Mar. 

3.. 

Mar. 

4.. 

Mar. 

5.. 

Mar. 

25.. 

April  17.. 

April  18.. 

April 

19.. 

May 

29*. 

June 

19.. 

June 

25*. 

July 

16.. 

July 

24.. 

Aug. 

6.. 

Aug. 

15*. 

Sept. 

8.. 

Oct. 

12.. 

Nov. 

1.. 

Nov. 

2.. 

Dec. 

8.. 

Dec. 

25.. 

May 

July 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

The 
are    not    legal    holidays, 
generally  observed: 

ALL  BRAZIL. 

Jan.     6. .  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.      2 . . .  Purification . 

Mar.    3. .  .Mon.  bef.  Lent  Carnlv. 

Mar.    4. .  .Tues.  bef.  Lent  Carnlv. 

Mar.  25. .  .Annunciation. 

April  17...Hoiy  Thursday. 

April  18... Good  Friday. 

May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 

June  19..  .Corpus  Christl. 

June  24. .  .St.  John  the  Baptist. 

June  29... St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 

Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 

Sept.    8... Nativity. 

Nov.     1... Ail  Saints' Day. 

Dec.     8. .  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 

Dec.   25..  .Christmas  Day. 

LOCAL      HOLIDA  YS—Commemo- 

raling   Notable  Events  in  Slate 

or  Municipal   History. 

Rio  de  Janeiro — Jan.  20,  Sept. 
20. 

STATES. 
Alagoas — June  11,  Sept.  16. 
Amazonas — June     10,     July    1, 

Aug.  17,  Sept.  5,  Nov.  21. 
Bahia — July  2,  Nov.  7. 
Ceara — Mar.  25,  July  12,  Nov. 

16,  Nov.  24. 
Esplrito  Santo — May  2,  May  23, 

June    12,    Aug.    25,    Sept.    2, 

Dec.  26. 
Goyaz — June  1,  Dec.  16. 
Maranhao — July  28,  Nov.  18. 
Matto    Grosso— Jan.    22,    June 

13,  Aug.  15,  Dec.  9. 
MInas  Geraes — June  15. 
Para — June  22,  Aug.  15. 
Parahyba — July  20,  Aug.  5. 
Parana — April  7,  Dec.  19. 
Pernambucttf— Jan.  27,  Mar.  6. 

June  17,  July  24,  Nov.  10. 
Piauhy — Jan.  24,  June  13,  Nov. 

16. 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte — Mar.  19, 

April  17,  June  12. 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul — Sept.  20. 
Rio  de  Janeiro— April  9,   Sept. 

18. 


Holidays  of  the   World— Continued. 


71 


Santa  Catherlna — June  11,  Nov. 

17. 
Sao    Paulo — Jan.     25,     July     8, 

Dec.  15 
Sergipe — May  18,  Oct.  11,  Oct. 

24. 

Bills  falling  due  on '  the  above 
dates  and  on  Sunday  are  payable 
on  the  previous  <lay. 

BULGARIA. 

Jan.     1... Christmas  Day  (O.S.) 
Jan.     8... 2d  Xmas  Day  (O.S.) 
Jan.     9*.. 3d  Xmas  Day  (O.S.). 
Jan.   14...New  Year's  Day  (O.S.) . 
Jan.    19...Theophame  (O.S.)'.  The 

Epiphany. 
Jan.  20*.  .2d  Day  of  Theophanie 
Jan.  31*.. Prince  Boris  Birthday 
Feb.  15*.. Purification  (O.S. ). 
Feb.  27... B'day  King  Ferdinand 
Mar.  4. .  .Treaty  of  St.  Stephano 
April    7 . . .  Annunciat'n  Theotolsos 

(O.S.). 
April  17*.. Holy  Thursday. 
April  18*.. Good  Friday. 
April  19'.. Holy  Saturday. 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday. 
April  22 . . .  Easfeer  Tuesday. 
May     6... St.  George  (O.S.) . 
May  24... St.  Cyril    and    Metho- 

dious  (O.S.). 
May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 
May  31. .  .Ferdinand's  name  day. 
June    9. ,  .\Vhit  Monday. 
July   12... St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 

(O.S.)^ 
Aug.  15. .  .Coronation     of     King 

Ferdinand. 
Aug.  19... Transfiguration    (O.S.). 
Aug.  28. .  .Assumption  (O.S.). 
Sept.  19. .  .Union  of  E.  Roumelia 

and  Bulgaria. 
Sept.  21*. -Nativity  (O.S.). 
Sept.  27*  .E.xalt'u  of  Cross  (O.S.) 
Oct.      5 . . .  Independence  Day. 
Nov.     8.  .  .St.  Dimitrlus  (O.S.). 
Nov.   21*.  St.  Michael  and  Gabriel 

(O.S.). 
Dec.     4*.  .Presentation    Blessed 

Virgin  Mary. 
Dec.    19... St.  Nicholas  (O.S.). 

*  Unofficial  holidays. 

CANADA. 

Jan.     1 . .  .New  Year's  Day. 

Jan.     6. .  .The  Epiphany  (Queb.). 

Mar.  5... Ash  Wednesday  (Que- 
bec, Alberta  and  Saskatchewan). 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

April  21 . . .  Easter  Monday. 

May   24. .  .Victoria  Day. 

May  29... The  Ascension  (Queb.). 

June    3. .  .King's  Birthday. 

July     1 . . .  Dominion  Day. 

Sept.    ! .  . .  Labor  Day. 

Oct.    27*.  .Thanl5Sgiving  Day. 

Nov.     It. .All  Saints'  Day  (Queb.) 

Dec.  8 ...  Immaculate  Concept'n 
(Quebec). 

Dec.  25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 

*  Or  such  other  day  as  may  be 
appointed  as  Thanksgiving  Day, 
usually  the  last  Monday  In  October. 
Due  days  follow  Sundays  and  legal 
holidays,  t  Observed  by  French 
banks  and  partly  by  English  banks 
throughout  the  province. 

CEYLON. 


Jan.  1,  2. 
Jan.  13. 
Mar.  5. 
April  13.. 
April  17.. 
April  18. . 
April  19.. 
April  20.. 
April  21 . . 
May  6.. 
May  9.. 
May  24.. 


New  Year's  Day. 
.Tamil  Thai  Pongal. 
.Ash  Wednesday.    ■ 
.Hindu  New  Year. 
.  Holy  Thursday. 
.Good  Friday. 
.  Holy  Saturday, 
.  Easter. 

.Easter  Monday. 
.King's  Accession, 
.Buddhist  Wesak. 
.Empire  Day. 


May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
June    3. .  .King's  Birthday. 
June  23. .  .Prince  of  Wales'  B'day. 
July     1*.  Bank  Holiday. 
Oct.    30. .  .Muhammadan  Hadji. 
Dec.   24  to  28.  .Xmas  Holidays. 

*  Bank  Holiday  only.  The  fol- 
lowing are  generally  made  addi- 
tional bank  holidays: 

May     9. .  .Buddhist  Wesak. 
Aug.     5. .  .Vel  Festival. 
Oct.    19. .  Dipawali  Festival. 

The  dates  of  native  festivals  are 
appro.ximate  only :  they  are  notified 
in  due  course  in  the  Government 
Gazette.  The  principal  Moham- 
medan and  Chinese  holidays  are 
also  observed  to'  some  extent  in 
Ceylon. 

CHILE. 
Jan.      1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  19.  .  .Holy  Saturday. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
May   21...Anniv.  Battle  iQuique 
June  19. .  .Corpus  Christi. 
June  29. .  .St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 
Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 
Sept.  18. .  .National  Ind.  Day. 
Sept.  19. .  .Celebration  of  Victories 

of  Army  and  Navy. 
Nov.      1. .  .AH  Saints'  Day. 
Dec.     8. .  .Immaculate  Concept'n 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

The  day  of  each  Presidential 
Election  is  a  holiday.  All  Satur- 
days after  2  are  legal  holidays. 

CHINA. 
Jan.   1  to  3.  .New  Year's  Holidays 
Feb.     It.  Chinese    New    Year- 
Spring  Holiday. 
Feb.    12. .  Amalgamation  Day. 
April  18*.  .Good  Friday. 
April  19*.  .Holy  Saturday. 
April  21*.  .Easter  Monday. 
June    2t.   Dragon  Boat  Festival 
June    9*     Whit  Monday. 
July   1,  2*. Summer  Holidays. 
Oct.      8. .  .Autumn  Holidays. 
Oct.    10...Anniv.  of  Rep.  Estab 
Nov.     It.  .Mid- Autumn    Holiday 
Dec.   25*.  Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26*.  .Day  after  Christmas. 

Foreign  exchange  banks  and 
foreign  chambers  of  commerce  at 
Peking  and  the  Treaty  Ports  observe 
most  of  the  foregoing,  though  the 
practice  is  not  uniform  at  all  ports 
*  Unofficial.  These  holidays  are 
not  observed  by  the  Chinese. 
t  The  Chinese  New  Year  or  Spring 
Holiday  falls  on  a  different  day 
every  year.  It  comes  between  Jan. 
20  and  Feb.  19.  The  Dragon  Boat 
Festival  is  the  5th  day  of  the  5th 
moon  in  the  Chinese  calendar, 
while  Mid-Autumn  Holiday  is  the 
15th  day  of  the  8th  moon. 

COLOMBIA.         _ 
Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.     6.  .  .The  Epiphany. 
Feb.     2*.  .Purification. 
Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 
April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  19..  . Holy  Saturday  (A.  M.). 
May   29.  .  .The  Ascension. 
June  29*.  .St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
July  20. .  .Independence  Day. 
July  24. .  .Birthday  of  Bolivar. 
Aug.    6... Founding     of     Bogota 

(at  Bogota). 
Aug.    7...Aimiv.  Battle  Boyaca. 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Sept.    8*.. Nativity. 
Oct.   12. .  .Discovery  of  America 
Nov.     1 ...  All  Saints' Day. 
Dec.     8. .  .Immaculate  Concept'n 
Dec.   25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 

*  Unofficial. 


COSTA   RICA. 

Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Mar.  19... San  Jose   (St.  Joseph). 
April  11... Battle  of  Rivas. 
April  17. .  .-Holy  Thursday.    . 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  19*.  .Holy  Saturday.     • 
May     1 . .  .Sur'nder.  Gen.  Walker. 
June  19*.  .Corpus  Christi.   ■: 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption.        ■■> 
Sept.  15. .  .Annlv.  C.  Amer.  Ind. 
Oct.    12. .  .Disco very  of  America. 
Dec.     8*.  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 
Dec.   25 ...  Christmas  Day. 
Dec.  29,  30^  31... Bank  Holidays. 

*  Unofficial. 

CUBA. 
Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Feb.   24. .  .Revolution  of  Baire. 
May   20. .  .Independence  Day. 
Oct.    10. .  .Revolution  of  Yara. 
Dec.     7. .  .Death  of  Maceo. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

Due  days  precede  Sunday  and 
legal  holidays. 

DENMARK. 

Jan.     1..  .New  Year's  Day, 
April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  20. .  .Easter. 
April  21. .  .Easter  Monday. 
April  26. .  .General  Prayer  Day. 
May   29, .  .The  Ascension. 
June    8. .  .Whit  Sunday. 
June    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
June    3,*. .  King's  Birthday. 
June    5 ...  Constitution  Day. 
Dec.    25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26. .  .Day  after  Christmas. 

*  Observed  by  Government  ofla- 
cials,  but  not  a  general  holiday. 

DOMINICAN  REPUBLIC. 

Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 

Jan.      6*.  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.    27..  .Founding  of  Republic. 

April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 

June  18*..  Corpus  Christi. 

June  29... St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 

July      5. .  .Memorial  Day. 

Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 

Aug.  16... War  for  Independence. 

Oct.    12. .  .Discovery  of  America. 

Nov.      1*.  .AH  Saints'  Day. 

Dec.     8*. .  Immaculate  Concept'n. 

Dec.    25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

*  ynofflcial. 
DUTCH  EAST  INDIES. 

Jan.     1 ...  New  Year's  Day. 
Feb.     1 . .  .Chinese  New  Year. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
July   21 . . .  End  of  Poewasa  Month 
(at  Batavla,  Sourabaya,  Medan.) 
Sept.  13*.  .Id-ul-Fitr  (1st  day). 
Sept.  14*.  .Id-ul-Fitr  (2nd  day). 
Dec.    25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26 ...  Day  after  Christmas. 

*  These  dates  are  approximate. 
Banks  also  close  on  some  of  the 
more  important  Mohammedan 
festivals.  All  of  these  holidays  are 
unofficial. 

ECUADOR. 

Jan.     1 ...  New  Year's  Day. 

Jan.      6*.  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.    14. .  .  National  Holiday. 

April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

April  19^. . .  Holy  Saturday. 

May  24, .  .National  Holiday  (Sep- 
aration from  Colombia). 

May   29*.. The  Ascension. 

June  19*.  .Corpus  Christi. 

July  20. .  .National  Holiday  (Bat« 
tie  of  PichiB»ha). 


72 


Holidays  of  the  World — Continued. 


Aug.  10. .  .Independence  oJ  Quito 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Sept.  18. ,  .National  Holiday  (Sep- 
aration from  Chile). 


Oct. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


9...Ind.  of  Guayaquil. 
12. .  .Discovery   of  America. 
2... All  Souls'  Day. 
8*.  .Immaculate  Concept'n 
25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 
*  Unofficial. 

EGYPT. 
.  .New  Year's  Day. 
...Christmas  Day  (O.  S.). 
.  .New  Year's  Day  (O.S.) 
. .  Carnival  in  Alexandria 
.  .Good  Friday. 
.  .Ea.ster  Monday. 
.Whit    Sunday    Eve    In 
Alexandria. 
June    9.  ..Whit  Mond 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Mar. 
April  18. 
April  21, 
June    7.. 


1. 

7. 

14. 

3. 


.  .Cheker 

(M.). 
. . .  Cheker 

(M.). 
. . .  Courban 

(M.). 
, . .  Courban 

(M.). 
.  Courban 

(M.). 

. .  Jewish   New 


.  Al'andria 
Bairam      (1st 


Balram     (2nd 

Bairam    (1st 

Bairam     (2d 

Bairam     (3d 

Year's  In 


June  30 

day). 
July      1 

day). 
Sept.    5 

day). 
Sept.    6 

day). 
Sept.    7. 

day) 
Sept.  25. 

Alexandria 
pet.     4... Jewish  Day  of  Atone- 
ment (Alexandria). 
Dec.    25. .  .Christmas  Day 

(M)  Dates     for     Mohammedan 
holidays  are  approximate  only 

ENGLAND. 

(See  United  Kingdom  In  this  list.) 

FINLAND. 
Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.     6..  .The  Epiphany. 
Mar.  25. .  .Annunciation. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
June    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
June  24. .  .St.  John  the  Baptist. 
Dec.   25... Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26. .  .Saint  Stephen. 

In  Finland  the  calendar  used  Is 
that  of  the  New  Style,  but  Russian 
official  holidays  have  hitherto  been 
observed  in  the  Governor-General's 
Chancellery,  in  certain  public 
offices  and  in  the  schools.  It 
should  be  noted  that  days  preced- 
ing holidays  are  always  half 
holidays,  the  banks  and  other 
public  institutions  closing  1  P.  M 

FRANCE. 
Jan.     1*.  .New  Year's  Day. 
Mar.     3. .  .Lundi  Graa  Carnival. 
Mar.     4. .  .Mardi  Gras  Carnival. 
Mar.    5*.  .Ash  Wednesday  (A.  M. 

at  Bordeaux). 
April  18... Good  Friday. 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
lune    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
July   13. .  .Fete  Nationale. 
iuly   14..  .Fete  Nationale  (Fall  of 

Bastille) . 
Aug.  15...  Assumption. 
,Vov.     1 . . .  All  Saints'  Day 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

In  normal  times  there  are  many 
tocaJ  holidays  observed  at  LlUe, 
•fourcoing  and  Roubaix.  *  Dates 
Indicated  by  an  asterisk  the  Paris 
Stock  Exchange  does  not  close 
Vhlle  Carnivals  are  not  official 
oolidays,  very  little  business  Is 
Tansacted. 

FRENCH  INDO-CHINA. 

Native  holidays  are  as  follows: 
feb.   10. .  .By  Annamites,  Chinese. 


Feb.    23,  24.  .Annamite  Festival. 
April    2.  .  .Cambodglan  Festival. 
Mdy   24. .  .Birth  of  Buddha. 
June  19. .  .2d  Anuam.  New  Yrs. 
Aug.  27. .  .Native  'All  Souls'  Day.' 
Sept.  25 . . .  Fete  of  the  Lanterns. 
Date  Movable.  .Harvest  Festival. 
There    are    also    several    other 
holidays   observed    by   the   Anna- 
mites   or    by    the    (Sambodgians, 
chiefly      religious      in      character. 
These  native  holidays  are  not  gen- 
erally  observed   by  foreign   banks 
or  merchants. 

GERMANY. 

.  New  Year's  Day. 

.The  Epiphany. 

.Kaiser's  Birthday. 

.Purification. 

.Shrove Tuesday  (Mardi 


1.. 

6*. 
27.. 

2*. 
4*. 


Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Mar. 

Gras). 
Mar.     5* 
Mar.  25'* 
April  18. 
April  21. 
May   29. 
June    9. 
June  19* 
June  29* 
Aug.  15*. 
Sept. 
Nov. 


.Ash  Wednesday 

.Annunciation. 

.Good  Friday. 

.Easter  Monday. 

.The  Ascension. 

.WOilt  Monday. 

.  Corpus  Christi. 

.St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 

.Assumption. 
8*.  .Nativity. 
1*..A11  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.      2*.  .Ail  Souls'  Day. 
Dec.     8*. .  Immaculate  Concept'n 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26 . . .  Day  after  Christmas. 

*  Dates  marked  with  an  asterisk 
are  celebr.ated  as  holidays  in 
Catholic  Germany .  only.  The 
Stock  Exchanges  at  Berlin  and 
Hamburg  are  closed  on  the  follow- 
ing days:  Jan.  1,  Good  Friday, 
Easter  Monday,  Ascension,  Whit 
Monday,  Day  of  Atonement,  and 
Dec.  25  and  26. 

GREECE. 

7... Christmas  Day  (O.S.) 

8. .  .2d  Xmas  Day  (O.S.). 

14. .  .New  Year's  Day  (O.S.) 

19...Theophanie    (O.S.) 

Epiphany. 

Jan.   20... St 

(O.S.). 

Feb.    15*..Hypapanti  (O.S.).Can 
dlemas. 

.Sexageslma  (O.S.). 
.1st  day  of  Lent  (O.S.) 
.Annuiiclat'n  Theo tokos 
Independence  Day. 
.  Zoodochos-Pihl. 
.Palm  Sunday. 
.Good  Friday. 
Holy  Saturday. 
Easter  Monday. 
King's  Name  Day. 
St.  Athanase  (O.S.). 
The  Ascension. 
St.  Constantine  and  St 


Jan 
Jan 
Jan 
Jan. 


Mar.  3*. 
Mar.  11.  . 
April    7.. 

(O.S.). 
April  12.. 
April  13.. 
April  18.. 
April  19... 
April  21... 
May      6... 
May   15*.. 
May   29.  .  . 
June     3. 


John    the    Baptist 


Elena  (O.S.). 


June  9 
July  12. 
(O.S.). 
Aug.  19. 
Aug.  28. 
Sept.  11*. 


.Whit  Monday. 

.St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 


Transfiguration   (O.S.). 
Assumption  (O.S.). 
Death  of  St.  John  the 
Baptist  (O.S.). 
Sept.  21 . . .  Nativity  (O.S.) . 
Sept.  27*.  .Exalt'nt)f  Cross  (O.S.). 
Nov.     8. .  .St.  Dlmltrlus  (O.S.). 
Nov.  21*.  .St.     Michael    and    St, 

Gabriel   (O.S.). 
Nov.  26*.. St.    John    Chrlsostome 

(O.S.). 

Dec.    13*..St.  Andrew  (O.S.). 
Dec.    19*.. St.  Nicholas  (O.S.). 

Dates  Indicated  by  an  asterisk 
are  unofficial  holidays. 

GUATEMALA. 


feb.  17,  18.  .Annom.  New  Year's.|Jan.     I. .  .New  Year's  Day, 


Jan.     6. .  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.      2*.  .Purification. 

Mar.    3...Mon.  bef.  Lent  Carnlv. 

Mar.    4. .  .Tues.  bef.  Lent  Carnlv. 

Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 

April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

April  19. .  .Holy  Saturday. 

May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 

June  19*.  .Corpus  Christi. 

June  24*.. St.  John  the  Baptist. 

June  29. .  .St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul, 

June  30. .  .Reform  Day. 

July   25*.  .St.  lago  (St.  James). 

Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 

Sept?.    8*.  .Nativity. 

Sept.  15. .  .Independence  Day. 

Oct.    12. .  .Discovery  of  America. 

Oct.    27-28-29..Fiestade  Minerva. 

Nov.     1 . .  .All  Saints'  Day. 

Nov.     2*.  .All  Souls'  Day. 

Dec.     8. . .  Immaculate  (Soncept'n. 

Dec.   25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 

The  Fiesta  de   Minerva  occurs 

on   the   three   days   following   the 

last   Sunday    in    October.       *  Un- 
official. 

HAITI. 

Jan.     l...New  Year's  Day — In- 
dependence Day. 

April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

May     1 . . .  Agric.  Day  (Lab.  Day). 

May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 

June  19. .  .Corpus  Christi. 

Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 

Nov .     1 ...  All  Saints'  Day, 

Nov.     2. .  .AH  Souls'  Day. 

Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Da.v. 

HAWAII 
Jan.     1 . .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Feb.      1  *. .  Chinese  New  Year. 
Feb.    22 . . .  Washington's  Birthday. 
April  18*.  .Good  Friday. 
May   30..  .Decoration  Day. 
June  11... Kamehama  Day. 
July     4. .  .Independence  Day. 
Sept.    1... Labor  Day  (1st  Mon.). 
Sept.  21 . .  .Regatta  Day  (3d  Sat.). 
Nov.   27. .  .Thanksgiving  Day. 
Dec.   25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 

Observed    by    many    business 
houses  but  not  established '  by  law. 

HONDURAS. 
Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
J  an .     6 . . .  The  Epiphany. 
Feb.      2*.  .Purification. 
Mar.     3... Mon.  bef.  Lent  Carnlv. 
Mar.     4. .  .Tues.  bef.  Lent  Carnlv. 
Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 
April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  19. .  .Holy  Saturday. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
June  19*.. Corpus  Christi. 
June  24*.. St.  John  the  Baptist. 
June  29. .  .St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 
Sept.    8*.. Nativity. 
Sept.  15. .  .Independence  Day. 
Oct.     4. .  .Celebrat'n  of  Francisco 

Morazan. 
Oct.    12... Discovery  of  America. 
Nov.     1... AH  Saints' Day.  i 

Dec.     8*.  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 
Dec.   25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 

*  Unofficial. 
HONG  KONG  (CHINA). 

Jan.     1 . .  .New  Year's  Day. 

Feb.     1*.. Chinese  New  Year. 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

April  21. .  .Easter  Monday. 

May   24... Victoria  Day. 

June    2*.  .Chinese  Dragon  Fest'I. 

June    3.  ..King's  Birthday. 

June    9  .  .Whit  Monday. 

July   1,  2*..ClUnese  Summer  Hoi. 

Aug.    2*. .  Chinese  Autumn  Hoi. 


Holidays  of  the   World— Continued. 


73 


Aug.     5. .  .Bank  Holiday. 

Aug.  25*.  .Chinese  All  Souls'  Day 

Oct.  8*.. Chinese  Autumn  Holi- 
day (first  day). 

Nov.  1*.  .Chinese  Mid-Autumn 
Festival  (Feast  of  the  Lanterns) . 

Dec.     7*.. Birthday  of  Confucius. 

Dec.   23*.. Winter  Solstice. 

Dec.   25 . .  .Christmas  Day. 

Dec.   26... Boxing  Day. 

*  Observed  by  Chinese  mer- 
chants. 

INDIA. 

Jan.     1... New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.   18*..Bara  Wafat. 
Mar.    2*. .  Maha  Shivaratri. 
Mar.  21*.  .Jamshedl  Naoroz. 
April  11*.  .Ramnavaml  (B.). 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  19. .  .Easter  Saturday. 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday. 
June    3. .  .King-Emperor's  B'day 
June    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
Aug.     1*.  .Ramzan-Id. 
Aug.     2 . . .  Cocoanut  Day. 
Aug.  21*..Gokul-Ashtami  (B.). 
Sept.    1  *. . Ganesh-Chaturthl    and 

Sam  vat-Sari  (Jain).    (B.). 
Sept.  ll*..Parsl  New  Year. 
Sept.  16*.  .Khordadsal. 
Oct.     6*.  .Dussera  (B.). 
Oct.    25-26-27*.. Dlvali  (B.), 
Nov.     7*.  .Mohurrum  (B.). 
Dec.   25-25. .  .Christmas  Holidays. 

*  Native  holidays  officially  sanc- 
tioned by  the  Government  under 
Section  25  ol  Act  XXVI.  of  1881, 
entitled  the  "Negotiable  Instru- 
ment Act."  The  dates  are  approxi- 
mate, as  precise  dates  are  fixed  by 
the  native  calendar  in  several  cases. 
The  exact  dates  are  duly  an- 
nounced by  the  Government  each 
year.  Those  marked  (B.)  are  also 
fixed  as  holidays  under  Charter- 
parties  by  the  Bombay  Chamber 
of  Commerce.  The  Government 
also  recognizes  some  twenty  or 
more  other  holidays  observed  by 
the  Hinda,  Parsi,  Mohammedan, 
Jewish  and  Jain  religions.  Also  the 
four  days  following  Christmas  as 
optional  holidays  for  the  Christian 
population. 

IRELAND.' 

(See  United  Kingdom.) 

ITALY. 

Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 

Jan.     6. .  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.     2*. .  Purification. 

Mar.  19*.. St.  Joseph  (St.  Jose). 

Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday  (Florence, 
Genoa  and  Milan). 

April  21..  .Easter  Monday  (Flor- 
ence, Genoa  and  Milan). 

May     1 . . .  Labor  Day. 

May  23. .  .St.  Julia  (Leghorn). 

May   29. .  The  Ascension. 

June  9... Whit  Monday  (Flor- 
ence, Genoa  and  Milan). 

June  19*.. Corpus  Christl. 

June  24. .  .St.  John  the  Baptist. 

June  29 . . .  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 

Aug.  15 ...  Assumption. 

Sept.    8*.. Nativity. 

Sept.  20. .  .National  Holiday. 

Nov.     1 ...  All  Saints'  Day. 

Nov.  11. .  King's  Birthday. 

Dec.     7. .  .St.  Ambrose  (Milan). 

Dec.     8. .  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 

Dec.   25. .  .Cliristmas  Day. 

Dec.   25*.  .St.  Stephen. 
*  Unofficial  holidays. 


Jan.  1. 
Mar.  5. 
April  18. 
April  21. 


JAMACIA. 

. .  New  Year's  Day. 
.   Ash  Wednesday. 

Good  Friday. 

.Easter  Monday. 


May    24. .  .Emolre  Day. 
June    3. .  .King's  Birthday. 
Aug.     1. .  .Abolition  of  Slavery  In 

the  British  Colonies. 
Nov.     9... King  Edward's  Day. 
Dec.   25..  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26... Boxing  Day. 

JAPAN. 

Jan.   1,   3,    5.. New   Year's   Holi- 
days:       Shiho-Hai,    Genshi-sai, 
Shin-nen-en-kai. 
Feb.    11. .  .Kigen-setsu     (Anniver- 
sary Coronation  of  1st  Emperor). 
Mar.  21. .  .Shunkl-korei-sai (Spring 

Festival) . 
April    3. .  .JImmu-Tenno-sai    (An- 
niversary death  of  1st  Emperor). 
April  18... Good   Friday    (Foreign 

Merchants). 
April  21 . . .  Easter    Monday    (For- 
eign Merchants). 
July  30...Anniv.    death    of   Em- 
peror Melii  Tenno. 
Aug.  31 . . .  Ten-cho-setsu     (Emp's 

Birthday). 
Sept.  24 . . .  Shunkl-korel-sal      (Au- 
tumn Festival). 
Oct.    17. .  .Kan-name-sai  (Harvest 

Thanksgiving). 
Oct.    31. .  .Ten-cho-setsu-Shuku- 

jltsu  (Emperor's  Birthday). 
Nov.  23.  ..Nli-name-sai  (2d  Har- 
vest Festival). 
Dec.  25 . . .  Christmas  Day  (Cus- 
tom House  &  For'h  Merchants). 
The  Custom  House  and  other 
public  offices,  as  well  as  banks  and 
large  firms  close  on  Sundays,  and 
Govermnent  offices  and  schools  also 
close  on  Saturday  afternoons.  In 
most  mills  and  factories  work  is 
suspended  on  the  first  and  fifteenth 
of  each  month,  instead  of  on  Sun- 
days, and  only  the  New  Year 
holidays,  the  Klgen-setsu  (Feb. 
11),  and  Ten-cho-setsu  (Aug.  31), 
holidays  are  observed.  Railway, 
postal  and  telegraphic  services  are 
maintained  every  day  In  the  year, 
and  all  stores  are  open  every  day 
except  the  New  Year  holidays  and 
July  1  and  15.  No  Sundays  are 
observed. 

MEXICO. 

Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 

Jan.     6*.  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.     2*..  Purification. 

Feb.     5.  ..Annlv.  of  Constitution. 

Mar.     4. .  .Shrove  Tues.  (Carniv.). 

Mar.  19*.. St.  Jose  (St.  Joseph). 

Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 

April  17*. .  Holy  Thursday. 

April  18*.. Good  Friday. 

April  19*.. Holy  Saturday. 

May     5 . . .  Anniversary    del    Trl- 

umfo,   1862. 
May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 
June  19*.  .Corpus  Christi. 
June  24*.. St.  John  the  Baptist. 
June  29*.. St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Sept.    8*.. Nativity. 
Sept.  15. .  .Anniv.  of  Independ. 
Nov.     I*.. All  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.  20...Begin'g  Rev'n  in  1910. 
Dec.    12*.. Our    Lady    of    Guade- 
loupe. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

Other  dates  formerly  celebrated 
were: 

Mar.  21 . . .  Birthday  of  Juarez. 

April    2 . .  .Taking  of  Puebla. 

May     8... Birthday  of  Hidalgo. 

May   15. .  .Taking  of  Queretaro. 

June  21. .  .Occupation  of  Mexico 

July   18. .  .Death  of  Juarez. 

July  30. .  .Death  of  Hidalgo. 

Sept.  15. .  .Birthday  of  Gen.  Diaz. 

Sept.  30. .  .Birthday  of  Morelos. 

Dec.   22 . . .  Death  of  Morelos. 
There  are  also  many  local  holi- 


days observed  in  certain  States  or 
cities.     Due  days  precede  Sunday 
or  legal  holidays.    *  Unofficial. 
NETHERLANDS. 

Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 
April  18.  ..Good  Friday. 
April  19. .  .Holy  Saturday. 
April  21. .  .Easter  Monday. 
May  29. .  .The  Ascension. , 
June    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
Aug.  31..  .Birthday  of  the  Queen. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   25. . .  Day  after  Christmas. 

In  addition  to  the  above,  banks 
and  the  Amsterdam  Stock  Ex- 
change are  usually  ;  closed  every 
Saturday  during  Jiriy  and  August. 

NEWFOUNDLAND. 

Jan .     1 . . .  New  Year's  .Day. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
May  24. .  .Empire  Day. 
Dec.   25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 

NEW  ZEALAND. 
Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Mar.  17... St.  Patrick's  Day. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  19. .  .Holy  Saturday. 
April  21. .  .Monday  after  Easter. 
April  23. .  .St.  George's  Day. 
June    3. .  .King's  Birtiiday. 
Sept.  23. .  .Dominion  Day. 
Oct.    27 . . .  Labor  Day. 
Nov.  30. .  St.  Andrew's  Day. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   25.  .   Boxing  Day. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  there 
are  local  holidays  at  leading  towns 
on  the  following  dates:  Auckland, 
Jan.  29:  Canterbury,  Dec.  16; 
Marlborough,  Nov.  1;  Nelson,  Feb. 
2;  Otago  and  Southland,  Mar.  23; 
TaranakI,  April  1,  and  Wellington, 
Jan.  22. 

NICARAGUA. 

Jan.     1 . .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.     5*.  .The  Epiphany. 
Feb.     2*.  .Purification. 
Mar.    4*.  .Shfove  Tues.  (Carniv.). 
Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 
April  17*.  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18*.  .Good  Friday. 
April  19*.  .Holy  Saturday. 
May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 
June  19*.   Corpus  Christi. 
June  24*.  .St.  John  the  Baptist. 
June  29*.  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Sept.    8*.  .Nativity. 
Sept.  15. .   Independence  C.  Amer. 
Oct.    12. .  .Columbus  or  Disc.  Day. 
Nov.     1*.  .AH  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.     2*.  .Ail  So\ils'  Day. 
Dec.   25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 
*  Unofficial. 

NORWAY. 

Jan.     t. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18.  .  .Good  Friday. 
April  21. .  .Easter  Monday. 
May    17. .  .Independence  Day, 
May   29 . . . The_Ascension. 
June    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
Oct.   31 . .  .Thanksgiving  Day. 

Thanksgiving  Day  In  Norway  is 
a  movable  date.  It  will  fall  as 
follows  for  the  next  five  years: 
1918,  Nov.  1;  1919,  Oct.  31,  1920, 
Nov.  5;  1921,  Nov.  4:  1922,  Nov.  3. 

PANAMA. 

.New  Year's  Day. 
.The  Epiphany. 
.  Purification. 
.  Shrove  Tuesday. 
.Constitution  of  Repub. 
Annunciation. 
.Hols  Thursday. 
.Good  Friday. 
.Holy  Saturday. 


Jan. 

1.. 

Jan. 

6*. 

Feb. 

2*. 

Mar. 

4*. 

Feb. 

15.. 

Mar. 

25*. 

April  17*. 

April  18». 

April  19*. 

74 


Holidays  of  the  V/orld — Continued. 


May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 
June  19*.. Corpus  Christi. 
June'29*..St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
July     4. .  .American  Indep.   Day. 
July   24:..B'day  of  Gen.  Bolivar. 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Sept.  .8*.  .Nativity; 
Oct.    12. .  .Columbus  Day. 
Nov.     1*..A11  Saints'  Day.- 
Nov.     3. .  .Separat'n  fr.  Colombia. 
Nov.  28. .  .Independence  of  Spain. 
Dec.     8*.  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

*  Uriofncial. 

PARAGUAY. 

Jan.     1 . .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Feb.     3... San  Bias  Day. 
April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
May   14,  15.  Independence  Days. 
June  19. .  .Corpus  Christi. 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Oct.    li. .  .Columbus  Day. 
Nov.      1. .  AH  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.  25. . .  Adopt'n  of  Constltut'n. 
Dec.     8. .  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 
Dec.    25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

*  Celebrated  at  Asuncion  as  the 
date  of  the  founding  of  the  city 
In  1536. 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS. 
Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Feb.   22.  ..Washington's Birthday. 
April  17. .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
May      1. .  .Labor  Day. 
May   30. .  .Memorial  Day. 
June    6. .  .Elect'n  Day  (ev.  4  yrs.). 
July     4 . . .  Independence  Day. 
Aug.  13. .  .Occupation  Day. 
Nov.   27. .  .Tbankssivlng^  Day. 
Dec.   25. .  .Chrl.stmas  Day. 
Dec.   30...Rizal  Day. 

The  following  religious  holidays 
are  also  observed  in  the  Philippines, 
but  are  not  legal  holidays: 
Jan.      1. .  .Circumcision. 
Jan.      6. .  .The  Epiphany. 
Feb.      2...Puriflcatljpn. 
Mar.  19... St.  Joseph. 
Mar.  25. .  .Annunciation. 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
June  19. .  .Corpus  Christi. 
June  29. .  .St.  Petor  and  St.  Paul. 
July  25... St.  James  the  Apostle. 
Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 
Sept.    8.  .  .Nativity. 
Nov.     1 . .  .All  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.  30. .  .St.  Andrew  the  Apostle 

(Manila). 
Dec.     8. .  .Immaculate  Concept'n 
PERSIA. 

Mar.  21  to  24.. New  Year's  Day 

(No  Rooz). 
May   30. .  .Ramazan  (1st  day). 
May   31... Ramazan  (2d  day). 
June  28,  29 .  .Ramazan  (last  days) 
Oct.     5...Ashura. 

PERU. 

Jan.     6*.  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.     2*.  .Purification. 

Mar.    3. .  .Mon.  bef.  Lent  Carniv. 

Mar.    4. .  .Tues.  bef.  Lent  Carniv 

Mar.  19*.. San  Jose   (St.  Joseph) 

Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 

April  17..  .Holy  Thursday. 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

April  19*.  .Holy  Saturday. 

May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 

June  19*.  .Corpus  Christi. 

June  29*.. St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 

July   28,  29,  30.. Nat.  Ind.  Days. 

Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 

Aug.  30. .  .Santa  Rosa. 

Sept.    8*.  .Nativity. 

Sept.  24. .  .Nuestra  Senora  de  las 

Mercedes. 
Oct.    12. .  .Discovery  of  America 
Nov.     1*.  .All  Saints'  Day. 


Dec.     8*. .  Immaculate  Concept'n. 

*  Unofficial. 
PORTO  RICO. 

Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Feb.    12.  ..Lincoln's  Birthday. 
Feb.   22. .  .Washington's Birthday. 
Mar.  22. .  .Emancipation  Day. 
April  18... Good  Friday. 
May    14. .  .Mothers'  D.iy. 
May   30.  .  .Decoration  Day. 
June  26*.  .St.  John  the  Baptist. 
July      4. .   Indspendeuce  Day. 
July   25. .  .Occupation  Day. 
Sept.    1 . . .  Labor  Day. 
Oct.    12. .  .Columbus  Day. 
Nov.     2*.. All  Saints'  Day. 
Nov.     6.  ,  .General  Election. 
Nov.   27. .  .Thanksgiving  Day. 
Dec.    25  .  . .  Christmas  Day. 

Due  days  follow  Sundays  and 
lejral  holidays.  *  UnoiRcial,  but 
quite  generally  observed.  The 
various  ports  celebrate  locally  the 
festivals  of  thoir  patron  saints. 

PORTUGAL. 

Jan.      l...Univ.  Brotherh'd  Day. 
Jan.   31. .  .Memorial  Day.* 
May     3...Annlv.   Discov.   Brazil. 
June  19. .  .Munio'l  Hoi.   (Lisbon). 
June  24. .  .Munio'l  Hoi.   (Oporto). 
Oct.      5. .  .Republic  Ind.  Day. 
Dec.      l...Flag  Day. 
Dec.   25.  .   Family  Day. 

*  The  first  attempt  to  establish 
a  republic  in  Portugal  was  made 
on  Jan.  31,  1891. 

RHODESIA. 

Jan.      1 . . .  New  Year's  Day." 

April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 

April  21.  .  .Easter  Monday. 

May   24. .  .Victoria  Day. 

May   29.  .  .The  Asnenslon. 

June    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 

June    3.  .  .King's  Birthday. 

July     8... Cecil  Rhodes  Day. 

July     9.  .  .Founders'  Day. 

Sept.  12*. .  Occupation  Day  (Salis- 
bury only). 

Nov.  4*.  .Occupation  Day  (Bu- 
lawayo  only). 

Dec.     4. .  .Shanganl  Day. 

Dec.    25.  .  .Christmas  Day. 

Dec.   26.  .  .Boxing  Day. 

*  Not  banl:  holidays. 

ROUMANIA. 
Jan.     7 ...  Christmas  Day   (O.S.). 
Jan.      8.  ..2d  Xmas  Day  (OS.). 
Jan.     9... 3d  Xmas  Dav  (OS.). 
Jan.    14...  New  Year's  Day  (O.S.). 
Jan.  •19...Theophanie  (O.S.). 
Jan.   20...Theophanie  (O.S.).  (2d 

Day). 
Feb.      6...UnireaPrlneip'r  (O.S.). 
Feb.    15. .  .Intampin'a    Domualui. 
April  20. .  .Easter  Sunday. 
April  21 . . .  Easter  Mondav. 
May     5.  .  .St.  George  (O.S.). 
May   23. . .  Anniv.  King's  Corona'n 
May   27. .  .St.  Treime  (O.S.). 
May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 
June    3.  ..St.  Constantine  and  St. 

Elena  (O.S.). 
July   12... St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 
_   (O.S.). 

Aug.     2... St.  Ellas  (O.S.). 
Aug.  19. .  .Transfiguration    (O.S.). 
Aug.  28... Assumption  (O.S.). 
Sept.  21... Nativity  (O.S.). 
Sept.  27. .  .Exalt'n  of  Cross  (O.S.). 
Nov.     8. .  .St.  Dimitrius  (O.S.). 
Nov.  21... St.  Michael  and  Gabriel 

(O.S.). 
Dec.     4 ...  Presentation    Blessed 

Virgin  Mary. 
Dec.    19... St.  Nicholas  (O.S.). 

RUSSIA. 
Jan.   6-7-8.  .Christmas  'Holidays 

(O.S.). 
Jan.   14. .  .New  Year's  Day  (O.S.). 


Jan.    19... The    Epiphany    (O.S.). 

Feb.    15... Purification  (O.S.). 

April    7. .  .Annunciation  (O.S.). 

April  17*.  .Holy  Thursday. 

April  18*.  .Good  Friday. 

April  19*.  .Holy  Saturday. 

April  20.  ..Easter. 

April  21*.  .Easter  Monday. 

May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 

June    9*..  Whit  Monday. 

July    12*.. St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul 

(O.S.). 

Aug.  19.  ..Transfiguration    (O.S.). 
Aug.  28.  ..Assumption  (O.S.). 
Sept.  2!.  ..Nativity  (O.S.). 
Sept.  27.  ..Exalt'n  of  Cross  (O.S.). 

*  Unofflclal.  In  addition  to  the 
above  the  Stock  Exchange  at 
Petrograd  closes  on  the  following 
days:  Jan.  13.  Feb.  13,  May  13, 
May  22,  May  24,  Sept.  11,  Oct.  9, 
Oct.  14,  and  Doc.  4.  The  first 
three  are  the  last  days  of  the 
months  of  December,  January,  and 
April  (O.S.),  while  the  others  are 
festival  days  in  the  Greek  Church. 

SALVADOR. 

Jan.      1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 

Jan.      6*.  .The  Epiphany. 

Mar.     1 ..  .Civic  Holiday. 

Mar.  15*..Nat'l  Holiday— Com- 
memorating Gen.  Morazan. 

April  17.  .  .Holy  Thursday. 

April  18.  .  .Good  Fiiday. 

April  19 . . .  Holy  Saturday. 

June  29*.. St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 

Aug.  29*..Nat'l  Holiday — Com- 
memorating Gen.  Barrios. 

Sept.  15. .  .Independence  Day. 

Oct.    12. .  .Columbus  Day. 

Nov.     1*.. All  Saints' Day. 

Nov.  5*.  .Commemorating  Gen- 
erals Dclgado,  Arce,  Rodriguez. 

Dec.     8*.  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 

Dec.   24*.. Day  before  (Christmas. 

Dec.    25.  .  .Christmas  Day. 

*  Banks  do  not  close  on  these 
days.  , 

SCOTLAND.  ' 

(See  United  Kingdom.) 
SERBIA. 
Jan.     7 ...  Christmas  Day  (O.S.). 
Jan.   14*.  .New  Year's  Day  (O.S.). 
Jan.    19. .  .Theophanle  (O.S.). 
Jan.    27...St.  Sava  (O.S.). 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  21*.  .Easter  Monday. 
May  29. .  .The  Ascension. 
Ju.ne  15.  .  .Kossova  Day. 
June  28... "St.  Vit"  (O.S.). 
July    12,  .  .King's  Birthdfiy. 
Aug.  19... Transfiguration   (O.S.). 
Aug.  28*..A,ssumption  (O.S.). 
Sept.  21*._^Nativity  (O.S.). 
Sept.  27*.  .Exalt'n  of  Cross  (O.S.). 
Dec.     4. .  .Presentation    Blessed 

Virgin  Mary. 
Dec.    19*.  .St.  Nicholas  (O.S.). 

*  Morning  only  observed. 

SIAM. 
Jan.     1... King's  Birthday;  New 

Year's  Day  in  Bangkok. 
Feb.   11,  12,  13,  .Chinese  New  Yr. 
April    1 . . .  Official  New  Year. 
April  18..  .Good  Frld.  (Bangkok). 
April  19. .  .Holy  Sat.  (Bangkok). 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Mond.  (Bang'k). 
May   20. .  .V/hit  Monday  (Bang'k) 
May   24... Victoria  Day   (Bang'k) 
June    3. .  .King's  B'day  (Bang'k) 
July      l...Half  Yr.  Hoi.  (Bang'k) 
July   14... Fete  Nat'nale  (Bang'k) 
July   29-30.. Begin.  Buddhist  Lent. 
Oct.    24... End  of  Buddhist  Lent. 
Dec.     2 . . .  King's  Coronation. 
Dec.   24... Xmas  Eve   (Bangkok). 
Dec.   25... Xmas  Day  (Bangkok). 
Dec.  26... St.  Stephen  (Bangkok). 
SPAIN. 

Jan.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 


Origin  of  ^^  Brother  Jonathan. 


75 


Jan.     6. .  .The  Epiphany. 

Feb.     2*.  .Purification. 

Mar.  19*.  .San  Jose   (St.  Joseph) 

Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 

April  17*.  .Holy  Thuraday. 

April  18*.  .Good   Friday   (A.  M.) 

May   29. .  .The  Ascension. 

June  19*.  .Corpus  Christ!. 

June  24*.  .St.  John  the  Baptist. 

June  29. .  ,San  Pedro  Day. 

July  25. .  .St.  lago.  patr.  of  Spain 

Aug.  15. .  .Assumption. 

Sept.    8*.. Nativity. 

Nov.     1 . . .  All  Saints'  Day. 

Dec.     8. .  .Immaculats  Concept'n 

Dec.    25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 

*  Unofflcial. 

The  following  dates  connected 
with  the  Royal  Family  are  also 
observed  to  some  extent,  but  are 
not  legal  holidays. 

. .  Fete  of  the  King. 
.  .King's  Birthday. 
..B'day    Queen    Mother 
. .  Birthday  of  the  Queen 
.  .B'day  of  Crown  Prince 
. .  Fete  of  the  Queen. 

SWEDEN. 

. .  New  Year's  Day. 

.  .The  Epiphany. 

. .  Annunciation. 

.  .Good  Friday. 

..Easter  Monday. 
1  *. .  Labor  Day. 

.  .The  Ascension. 
Juiie    9. .  .Whit  Monday. 
June  24. .  .St.  John  the  Baptist. 
Nov.     6*.  .Gustav.  Adolphus  Day. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26. .  .2d  Christmas  Day. 

In  addition  to  the  above  holidays 
the    following    half    holidays    are 
usually  observed  by  banks: 
April  19. .  .Easter  Eve. 
June    7. .  .Whitsun  Eve. 
June  23. .  .Midsummer  Day. 
Dec.   24. .  .Christmas  Eve. 

*  Not  legal  holidays. 

SWITZERLAND. 
Jan.   1.  2.. New  Year's  Holidays. 
April  17*.. Holy  Thursday  (A.  M. 

at  Basle  and  Zurich). 
April  1 8... Good  Friday. 
April  19*.  .Holy  Sat'day  (Zurich). 
April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday. 
May   28... Eve   of   Ascension    (A. 

M.  in  Basle  and  Zurich). 
May   29 . .  .The  Ascension. 
June    9.  ..Whit  Monday. 
Aug.     1. .  .Fed'at'n  Day  (Geneva). 
Aug.  26*.  .Jakobfest  (Basle). 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 
Dec.   26*.  .Day  after  Christmas. 
Dec.   31  *. .  New  Yrs.  Eve  (Geneva) 

■>^  Unofflcial. 


Jan. 

23 

May 

17. 

Julv 

21. 

Oct. 

24, 

Nov. 

30 

Dec. 

23. 

Jan. 

1. 

Jan. 

6, 

Mar. 

25. 

April 

18. 

April  21. 

May 

1* 

May 

29. 

TURKEY. 
Jan.     1*.  .New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.     6*.  .The  Epiphany. 
Jan.     7*.  .Christmas  Day  (O.S.). 
Jan.   14*..New.Year'sDay  (O.S). 
Jan.   19*..Theophanle     (The 


April    7*.  .Annunciat'n  Theotokos 

(O.S.). 
April  17*.  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18*.  .Good  Friday. 
April  21*.  .Easter  Monday. 
April  27. .  .Accession     of     Sultan 

Mehmed  V. 
April  27  or  28.  .Mirady  Guedjesse 

(M.). 

May    15  or  16.  .  "Leile  Berat"  (M.) 
May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 
May  30  or  31 . .  "Ramazan"    (1st 

Day)    (M). 
June    9*.  .Whit  Monday. 
June  13    or    14.."Hlrkai    Cherif" 
,   (M.). 
June  17   (or  18),  April  6  or  7 — 

"Utch   Ailar"    (6th  Day   of  the 

7th  Moon)   (M.). 
June  25  or  26.  ."Leile  Kader"  (M) 
June  29.  .  .Cheker    Bairam     (also 

Jewish  New  Year's),  (M.),  or  1 

day  later. 
June  30. .  .Cheker  Bairam  Second 

Day  or  1  day  later  (M.). 
July     1... Cheker    Bairam    Third 

Day  (M.),  or  1  day  later. 
July   23...Procl.   of  Constitution. 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Aug.  28*.. Assumption  (O.S.). 
Sept.    5  to  8 . .  Courban  Bairam  (4 

Days)   (M.). 
Sept.  22 ...  Birthday  of  the  Sultan. 
Sept. 25  or  26.. Mohammedan  New 

Year  (M.). 
Oct.     4. .  .Jewish  Atonement. 
Nov.     1*..A11  Saints'  Day. 
Dec.     5... Birth    of    the   Prophet 

(12th  Day  of  3d  Moon)   (M.). 
Dec.    16... Death  of  the  Prophet. 
Dec.    25*.  .Christmas  Day. 

*  Holidays  observed  by  banking 
and  mercantile  houses  and  the 
Bourse  at  Constantinople.  (M) 
Dates  for  Mohammedan  holidays 
are  approximate  only. 

TURKEY  IN  ASIA  (SMYRNA). 

Jan.     1 ...  New  Year's  Day. 

Jan.     7.  ..Christmas  Day   (O.S.). 

Jan.   14.  ..New  Year's  Day  (O.S.) . 

Jan.    19.  ..Theophanie  (O.S.). 

April  15. .  .Jewish  Passover. 

April  16. .  .Jewish  Passover  Oast 
day). 

April  17*.. Holy  Thursday. 

April  18*.  .Good  Friday. 

April  21 . .  .Easter  Monday. 

April  22. . .  Easter  Tuesday. 

May  30,  31.. Ramazan  (1st  and 
2d  day). 

June  29-30,  July  1.  Cheker  Bair- 
am (1st,  2d,  and  3d  days). 

Sept.  5,  6. Courban  Bairam  (1st 
and  2d  day). 

Sept.  25-26.  Mohammedan  New 
Yeaa*  Holidays. 

Oct.     4. .  .Jewish  Atonement. 

Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

*  Observed  by  the  Greeks. 


Mar.  17... St.  Patrick's  Day  (Ire- 
land). 
April  18... Good  Friday. 
April  21 . . .  Easter  Monday. 
May      1... May  Day. 

3*.  .King's  Birthday.. 
9... Whit  Monday. 
24*. .  Victoria  Day- 


June 

June 

May 

Aug. 

Dec. 

Dec. 


5. 
25. 
26. 


.Bank  Holiday. 

.Christmas  Dsiy, 

.Boxing  Day.    •■ 


Epiphany)  (O.S.). 


UNITED  KINGDOM. 

(In  England,  Ireland  and  Wales). 
Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 


(In  Scqtland). 

Jan.     1. .  .New  Year's  Day. 
April  18.".  .Good  JYiday. 
May     6. .  .Bank  Holiday. 
Aug.     5.  ..Bank  Holiday. 
Dec.   25. .  .Christmas  Day. 

*  Not  established  by  law.  The 
London  Stock  Exchange  does  not 
close  on  these  days,  but  is  closed 
on  Nov.  1  (All  Saints'  Day)." 

URUGUAY. 

Jan.     1 . .  .New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.      6*.  .The  Epiphany. 
Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 
April  17.  .  .Holy  Thursday. 
April  18. .  .Good  Friday. 
April  19. .  .Holy  Saturday. 
April  18,   19.   20   (A).. Landing  of 

Uruguayan  Patriots. 
May   18... Battle  of  I^as  Pledras. 
May   25 ...  Independence    River 

Plate  Provinces. 
May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 

.  Corpus  Chrlstl. 

.St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 

.Constitution  Day, 

.Assumption. 

.Ind.  of  Uruguay. 

.Columbus  Day. 
1*.  .All  Saints'  Day. 
8*.  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 


June  19*. 

June  29*. 

July    18.. 

Aug.  15*. 

Aug.  25.. 

Oct.    12 

Nov, 

Dec, 

Dec.    25.  .  .Christmas  Day. 

(A)  Celebrated  every  fourth  year 
— beginning  1864  (next  celebration 
wUl  occur  in   1920).     *  Unofflcial. 

VENEZUELA. 

J^n.     1 . . .  New  Year's  Day. 
Jan.     6*. .The  Epiphany. 
Feb.     2*.  .Purification. 
Mar.  25*.  .Annunciation. 
April  17*.  .Holy  Thursday, 
April  18.. .Good  Friday. 
April  19. .  .1st  Movement  for  Ind. 
May   29*.  .The  Ascension. 
June  19*..  Corp  us  Christ!. 
June  24.  .  .Battle  of  Carabobo. 
June  29*.. St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul. 
July     5. .  .Independence  Day. 
Aug.  15*.  .Assumption. 
Sept.    8*.. Nativity. 
Oct.    28... Bolivar  Day. 
Nov.     1*..A11  Saints'  Day. 
Dec.     8*.  .Immaculate  Concept'n. 
Dec.   19.  ..National  Holiday. 
Dec.   25 . . .  Christmas  Day. 
*  Unofflcial. 

WALES. 

(See  United  Kingdom). 


ORIGIN    OF    *   BROTHER    JONATHAN." 

(From  Dwlght's  American  Magazine  in  1847.) 
THE  origin  of  this  term,  applied  to  the  United  States,  is  given  in  a  recent  number  of  the  iVorwich  Courier. 
The  editor  says  it  was  communicated  by  an  intelligent  gentleman,  now  upward  of  eighty  years  of  age, 
who  was  an  active  participator  in  the  scenes  of  the  Revolution.  The  story  is  as  follows:  "When  Gen. 
Washington,  after  being  appointed  Commander  of  the  Army  of  the  Revolution,  came  to  Massachusetts  to 
organize  it  and  make  preparations  for  the  defense  of  the  country,  he  found  a  great  destitution  of  ammu- 
nition and  other  means  necessary  to  meet  the  powerful  foe  he  had  to  contend  with,  and  great  difflculty  to 
obtain  them.  If  attacked  in  such  a  condition  the  cause  at  once  might  be  hopeless.  On  one  occasion,  at 
that  anxious  period,  a  consultation  of  the  officers  and  others  was  had  when  it  seemed  no  way  could  be 
devised  to  make  such '  preparation  as  was  necessary.  His  Excellency  Jonathan  Trumbull  the  elder,  who 
was  then  Governor  of  the  State  of  Connecticut,  on  whose  judgment  and  aid  the  General  placed  the  greatest 
reliance,  remarked,  we  must  consult  "Brother  Jonathan"  on  the  subject.  The  General  did  so,  and  the 
Governor  was  successful  in  supplying  many  of  the  wants  of  the  army.  When  difficulties  later  arose,  and 
the  army  was  spread  over  the  country,  it  became  a  by-word,  "we  must  consult '  Brother  Jonathan.  The 
term  Yankee  is  still  applied  to  a  portion,  but  "Brother  Jonathan"  has  now  become  a  designation  of  the 
whole  country,  as  John  Bull  has  lor  England. 


76 


Memorable   Dates. 


MEMORABLE    DATES. 


B.  C. 

1183 

1082 
878 
776 
753 
688 
636 
509 
(180 
65 
4 

k.   D. 

29 
70 
313 
410 
827 
1066 
1096 
1172 
1215 
1265 
1415 
1431 
1453 
1455 
1462 
1471 
1483 
3492 
1517 
1519 
1535 
1539 
1558 
1564 
1565 
1565 
1572 
1588 
1603 
1607 
1609 
1616 
1618 
1620 
1623 
1634 
1636 
1640 
1649 
1653 
1660 
1664 
1664 
1666 
1679 
1682 
1685 
1688 
1090 
1690 
1704 
1706 
1713 
1714 
1715 

1720 
1742 
1745 
1756 
1757 
1759 
1765 
1770 
1773 
1773 
1775 
1775 
1776 

1776 
1776 
1777 
1777 
1777 
1779 
1781 


Fall  of  Troy. 

Era  of  the  Great  Pyramid. 

Cartilage  founded. 

Olympic  Era  began. 

Foundation  of  Rome. 

Jerusalem  talcen  by  Nebuchadnezzar. 

Restoration  oC  the  Jews  mider  Cyrus. 

Expulsion  of  Tarqulns  from  Rome. 

Xerxes  defeated  Greoli.<!  at  Thermopyla. 

Ca-'sar  conquered  Britain. 

Birth  of  Jesus  Christ. 

The  CruciiTslon. 

Jerusalem  was  destroyed  bv  Titus. 

Constantlne  converted  to  Ctiristianlty. 

The  Romans  abandoned  Britain. 

Egbert,  first  lung  of  England,  Oct.  14. 

Battle  of  Hastings,  Norman  Conquest. 

The  Crusades  began. 

Ireland  was  conquered  by  Henry  II. 

King  John  granted  Magna  Charta,  June  15. 

First  Representative  Pa  iiament  in  England. 

Battle  of  Agincourt,  Oct.  2'). 

Joan  of  Arc  wiis  burnt,  May  30. 

Constantinople  taken  by  tlie  Turks. 

The  Wars  of  the  Rose.s  began. 

The  Bible  was  flret  printed  at  Montz. 

Caston  set  up  his  printing  press. 

Martin  Luther  born,  Nov.  10. 

Columbus  discovered  America,  Oct.  12. 

The  Reformation  began  in  Germany. 

Cortez  began  the  conquest  of  Mexico. 

The  first  English  Bible  printed. 

Monasteries  were  closed  in  England. 

Accession  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  Nov.  17. 

Shakespeare  born,  Ap;-ll  23. 

Revolt  of  the  Netherlands  began. 

St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  settled. 

The  St.  Bartholomew  Massacre,  Aug.  24. 

The  SpanLsh  Armada  defeated,  J\)ly. 

Union  of  England  and  Scotland. 

Jamestown,  Va.,  was  settled,  May  13. 

Hudson  River  first  explored. 

Shakespeare  died,  April  23. 

Thirty  Years'  War  in  Germany  began. 

Pilgrims  by  tlie  Mayflower  landed. 

Manhattan  Island  settled. 

Maryland  settled  bv  Roman  Catholics. 

Rhode  Island  settled  by  Roger  Williams. 

Cromwell's  Long  Parliament  assembled. 

Charles  I.  was  beheaded,  Jan.  30. 

Cromwell  became  Lord  Protector. 

Restoration  of  the  Stuarts. 

New  York  conquered  'from  the  Dutch. 

The  great  plague  of  London. 

The  great  Are  of  London  began,  Sept.  2. 

Habeas  Corous  Act  passed  in  England. 

Pennsylvania  settled  by  Wm.  Penn. 

Revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes. 

James  II.  abdicated,  Dec.  11. 

Battle  of  the  Boyne,  July  1  (July  12  new  style). 

First  newspaper  in  America;  at  Boston. 

Gibraltar  was  taken  by  the  En?;lish. 

Benjamin  Franlilin  born,  Jan,  17. 

Peace  of  Utrecht.  April  11. 

Accession  of  House  of  Hanover,  Aug.  1. 

First  Jacobite  Rebellion  in  Great  Britain;   the 

second  In  1745. 
South  Sea  Bubble. 
Gen.  Nath.  Greene  born,  Aug.  7. 
Battle  of  Fontenoy,  April  30. 
Black  Hole  Suffocation  In  Calcutta. 
Clive  won  Battle  of  Plassey  in  India. 
Canada  was  taken  from  the  French. 
Stamp  Act  enacted. 
Boston  Massacre,  March  5. 
Steam  engine  perfected  by  Watt. 
Tea  destroyed  in  Boston  Harbor,  Dec.  16. 
Battle  of  Lexington,  April  19. 
Battle  of  Bunker  Hill,  June  17 
Battle   of   Fort   Moultrie,    Charleston,   S.   C, 

June  28. 
Declaration  of  Independence,  July  4. 
Battle  of  Trenton,  N.J,  Dec.  25-26. 
Henry  Clay  born,  April  12 
Battle  of  Bennington,  Vt.,  Aug.  16. 
Burgojnne's  surrenoer  Oct.  17. 
Capt.  Cook  was  killed.  Feb.  14 . 
Cornwallis'3  surrender  at  Yorktown,  Oct.  19. 


A.  D. 
1783 
1788 
1789 
1789 

1793 
1793 
1796 
1793 
1799 
1801 
1803 
1804 
1805 
1805 
1807 
1807 
1812 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1814 
1814 

1815 
1815 
1819 
1823 
1828 
1830 
1835 
1835 
1835 
1837 
1845 
1846 
1846 
1846 
1840 
1847 
1818 
1848 
1851 
1851 
18.52 
1853 
1854 
1857 
1857 
1857 
18.'i9 
1860 
1861 
1831 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1803 
1863 
1865 
1 865 
1807 
1867 
1800 
1870 
1870 
1871 
1871 
1872 
1876 
1876 


1876 
1876 
1878 
1S81 
1882 
1883 
1884 

1885 
1886 
1886 


1888 


April 


21. 


British  evacuated  New. York,  Nov.  25. 
First  settlement  in  Australia,  Jan.  26. 
The  French  Revolution  began,  July  14. 
Washington  first  inaugurated  President, 

30. 
Cotton-gin  Invented  by  Whitney. 
Louis  XVI.  of  France  executed,  Jan 
Vaccination  discovered  by  Jenner. 
Tne  Irish  Rebellion. 
Bonaparte  declared  First  Consul. 
Union  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  Jan.  1. 
Louisiana  p\;rchased  from  the  French. 
Bonaparte  became  Emperor  of  France. 
Battle  of  Trafalgar;  death  of  Nelson. 
Battle  of  Austcrlitz,  Dec.  2. 
Robert  E.  Lee  born,  Jan.  19. 
Fulton's  first  steamboat  voyage. 
Second  war  with. Great  Britain. 
The  French  expedition  to  Moscow. 
Perry's  victory  on  Lake  Erie,  Sept.  10. 
The  printing  maclilno  invented. 
Scott's  "Waverley"  published. 
Battle  of  Lake  Charnplain,  MoDonougU's  VIO' 

tory.  Sent.  11. 
Battle  of  New  Orleans,  Jan.  8. 
Battle  of  Waterloo,  June  18. 
First  steamsfilp  crossed  the  Atlantic. 
Monroe  Doclrine  declared,  Dec.  2. 
First  passenger  railroad  in  United  States. 
Revolution  in  France,  Orleanlst  succession. 
Morse  Invo'iled  the  telegraph. 
Seminole  War  in  Florida  began. 
Great  fire  in  New  York  City,  Dec.  16-17. 
Accession  of  Queen  Victoria,  June  20. 
Texas  annexed. 

Sewing  machine  completed  by  Howe. 
The  Irish  Potato  Famine. 
British  Corn  Laws  repealed,  June  26. 
War  with  Mexico  began. 
Battle  of  Cliapultepec,  Sept.  13. 
French  Revolution.    Repulillc  succeeded. 
Gold  discovered  in  California,  Sept. 
Gold  discovered  in  Australia,  Feb.  12. 
First  International  Exhibition.  London. 
liOuis  Napoleon  became  Einporor. 
Crimean  Vv'ar  hegaj. 
Japan  opened  by  Commodore  Perry. 
The  Great  Mutiny  in  India. 
The  Dred  Scott  decision. 
First  Atlantic  cable  message,  Aug.  4. 
John  Brown's  raid  into  Virginia. 
South  Carolina  seceded,  Dec.  29. 
Emancipation  of  the  Russian  serfs. 
Fort  Sumter  fired  on,  April  12. 
Battle  of  Bull  Run,  July  21. 
Battle  of  Antietam,  Sent.  17. 
Lincoln's  Emancipation  Proclamation,  Jan.  1. 
Battle  of  Gettysburg,  Julv  1-3. 
Battle  of  Chickamauga,  Sept.  19-20. 
Lee  surrendered  at  Appomattox,  April  9. 
President  Lincoln  assas.sir.ated,  April  14. 
Maximilian  of  Mexico  executed. 
The  Dominion  of  Canada  established. 
Financial  "Black  Friday'   in  N.  Y.,  Sept.  24. 
Franco-German  W.ar  begun.  July  19. 
French  capitulated  at  Sedan,  Sept.  1. 
The  German  Empire  re-established. 
The  great  fire  in  Chicago,  Oct.  8-11. 
The  great  fire  in  Boston,  Nov.  9. 
Centennial  Exposition  at  Philadelphia. 
Jarrett  and  Palmer  train,   New  York 

Francisco,  left  Jersey  City  Mav  31; 


to  San 
arrived 


San    Francisco   June  4;    time  of  journey,  83 

hours,  34  minutes. 
Hallett's  Reef  (Hell  Gate)  blown  up,  Sept.  2. 
Brooklyn  Theatre  fire,  Dec.  5,  289  Uves  lost. 
Paris  Exposition. 
President  Garfield  shot,  July  2. 
Tuberculosis  germ  discovered  by  Dr.  Koch. 
Brooklyn  Bridge  opened.  May  24. 
Bartholdl's    Statue    of    Liberty    presented    to 

U.  S.  at  Paris,  July  4. 
Hell  Gate  rocks  blowa  up.  Oct.  10. 
Charleston,  S.  C,  earthquake,  Aug.  31. 
Statue  of  Liberty  on  Bedloe's  Island  unveiled 

In  presence  of  1,000,000  people.    The  World 

raised  SIOO.OOO  to  erect  the  statue.  Oct.  28. 
Great  Blizzard  in  Eastern  paxt  of  U.  S.,  March 

11-14. 


Battles  of  the  American  Revolution. 


77 


MEMORABLE  DATES — Continued. 


A.  D. 

1889 
1889 
1893 
1893 
1894 
1894 
1894 
1894 

1895 

1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 

1898 

1898 

1898 
1898 
1898 
1898 

1898 

1898 
1899 
1899 
1899 
1899 

1900 
1900 
1900 

1900 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 
1901 


1902 
1902 
1902 
1902 

1903 
1903 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1904 
1905 
1905 


Brazil  became  a  RepubUc. 

Johnstown,  Pa.,  flood,  May  31. 

World's  Fsilr  at  Chicago. 

Queen  Lilluokalani  of  Hawaii  deposed,  Jan.  16. 

Chinese-Japanese  War  began. 

Hawaii  made  a  RepubUc,  July  4. 

Battle  of  Yalu,  Sept.  17. 

Capt.  Dreyfus  degi-aded,  Dec.  23;    restored  to 

rank,  July  12,  1906. 
Roentgen  Ray  discovered  by  W.  K.  Roentgen,  a 

German  physicist. 
Cuban  Revolution  began,  Feb.  20'. 
"Greater  New  York"  bill  signed.  May  11. 
The  Turkish-Greek  War. 
U.  S.  Battleship  Maine  blown  up  in  harbor  of 

Havana,  Cuba,  Feb.  15. 
AVar    began   between   Spain    and   the   United 

States,  April  21. 
Dewey  destroyed  the  Spanish  fleet  in  Manila 

Bay,  May  1. 
The  Spanish-American  War. 
Battles  of  San  Juan  and  El  Caney,  July  1-3. 
Battle  of  Santiago  de  Cuba,  July  3. 
Peace    protocol    signed    between    the    United 

States  and  Spain,  Aug.  12. 
Peace  treaty  signed  by  American  and  Spanish 

delegates  at  Paris,  Dec.  10. 
Battle  of  Omdurman,  Sept.  2. 
Universal  Peace  Conference. 
The  South  African  War  began. 
Philippine-American  War  began,  Feb.  4. 
Windsor  Hotel  fire  (N.  Y.),  Mar.  17,  45  lives 

lost. 
Paris  Exposition. 
Boxer  Insurrection  in  China. 
Hoboken  docks    and  ships  fire,  June  30,   145 

lives  lost. 
Tlie  Galveston  tornado,  Sept.  8. 
Death  of  Queen  Victoria. 
A.!?uina!do  captured  by  Gen.  Funston,  Mar.  23. 
Pan-American  Exposition,  May  1-Nov.  2. 
A.ssassination  of  President  McKinley.  Sept.  6. 
Marconi  signalled  letter   "S"   across   Atlantic 

from  England   to  Newfoundland,   Dec.    12. 

First  message  sent  in  Dec.,,  1902. 
Martinique  destroyed  by  volcano. 
Pennsylvania  coal  strllie. 
Cuban  Republic  inaugurated.  May  20. 
Edward- VII.  crowned  King  of  Great  Britain, 

Aug.  9. 
Kishinev  massacre. 
Republic  of  Panama  established. 
Tlie  Great  Fire  in  Baltimore,  Feb.  7. 
The  Russo-Japaness  War  began. 
St.  Louis  Exposition  opened,  April  30. 
Steamboat  General  Slocura  burned,  June  15. 
Battle  of  Mukden,  Feb.  20-Mar.  15. 
Battle  of  Sea  of  Japan,  May  27-28. 


A.  D. 

1905 
1906 
1906 

1908 
1908 

1908 
1910 
1910 
1910 
1911 
1911 

1911 
1911 
1911 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1913 
1913 
1913 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 

1914 
1914 
19J4 
1914 
1914 
1915 

1915 
1915 
1915 

1915 
1915 
1915 
1916 
1916 

1917 

1917 

1917 
1917 


1917 
1917 
1918 


Norway  dissolved  union  with  Sweden. 

Eruption  of  Vesuvius,  April  5-12. 

San  Francisco  earthquake  and  conflagration, 
April  18-19. 

Great  earthquake  in  Southern  Italy. 

American  battleship  fleet  nearly  circumnavi- 
gated the  globe. 

Chelsea  (Mass.)  fire,  April  12. 

The  North  Pole  discovered.  April  6. 

Republic  of  Portugal  established. 

Union  of  South  Africa.  May  31. 

The  Italian-Turkish  War  began. 

Postal  Baniis  establisbed  in  United  States. 
Jan.  3. 

President  Diaz  of  Mexico  re.sighed. 

The  South  Pole  discovered,  Dec.  14. 

China  proclaimed  a  Republic. 

Balkan  War  began. 

Equitable  Builciiag  burned,  Jan.  9,  6  lives  lost. 

Steamship  Titanic  wrecked.  April  14. 

Ohio  and  Indiana  floods.  March  25-27. 

Peace  Palace  at  Hague  deflicated. 

Steamer  Volturno  disaster,  Oct.  9. 

General  European  war. 

S.S.  Empress  of  Ireland  sunk,  May  29. 

Great  fire  in  Salem,  June  25. 

Archdulce  Francis  of  Austria  assassinated  at 
Sarajevo,  June  28. 

Germany  invaded  Belgium,  Aug.  2. 

Panama  Canal  opened,  Aug.  15. 

Cape  Cod  Canal  opened. 

Japan  declared  war  on  Germany,  Aug.  23. 

Austria  declared  war  on  Japan,  Aug.  25. 

Panama  -  Pacific  International  Exposition 
opened,   Feb.   20. 

Steamship  Lusitania  sunk.  May  7. 

Excursion  steamer  Eastland  disaster,  July  24. 

Wireless  communication  between  Japan  and 
United  States  established,  July  27. 

Steamship  Arabic  sunk,  Aug.  19. 

ItiUian  liner  Ancona  sunk,  Nov.  9. 

China  restored  as  a  Monarchy. 

Teutonic  Peace  Proposal  made. 

Black  Tom  Dock  explosion  and  fire,  Jersey 
City,  July  30,  833,000,000  lo.ss. 

Czar  Nicholas  of  Russia  abdicated  throne, 
March  15. 

United  States  declared  a  state  of  war  existed 
with  Germany,  April  6 ;  with  Austria,  Dec.  7. 

King  Constantlne  of  Greece  abdicated,  June  12. 

Pope  Benedict  made  public  his  peace  pro- 
posal, Aug.  1,  which  America  and  the  Allies 
rejected. 

Halifax  disaster,  Dec.  6. 

Jeiusalem  surrenders  to  British,  Dec.  8. 

Czar  Nicholas  of  Russia  shot  by  Bolshevik 
orders,  July  12. 


BATTLES    OF    THE    AMERICAN    REVOLUTION. 


Battles. 

Dates. 

American 
Commanders. 

1..0SS. 

British 
Commanders. 

Loss. 

TiPxineton 

19th  April,  1775 
17th  June,    1775 
12th  Aug.     1776 
28th  Oct.,     1776 
25th  Dec,    1776 
3d  Jan  ,     1777 
16th  Aug.,    1777 
11th  Sept.,  1777 
17th  Oct.,     1777 
25th  June,    1778 
29th  Aug.,    1778 
30th  Mar.,   1779 
15th  July,     1779 
16th  Aug.,    1780 
17th  Jan.,     1781 
15th  Mar.,   1781 
8th  Sept.,   1781 
19th  Oct.,     1781 

84 
453 

2,000 

300 

9 

100 

100 

1,200 
350 
230 
211 
300 
100 
720 
72 
400 
555 

Pitcairn 

245 

Bunker  Hill 

Prescott  

Howe 

1,054 

Flatbush     

Putnam 

Howe 

400 

White  Plains       .    ... 

Washington 

Washington 

Washington 

Stark                

Howe 

300 

Rahl 

1,000 

Mawhood 

400 

Bennington 

Brand V  wine 

Baum 

600 

Washington 

Gates   

Howe 

60Q 

Saratoga 

Burgojfne 

600 

Monmouth. 

Washington 

Sullivan 

Chnton 

400 

Rhodf  Island 

Plgott. 

260 

Briar  O^ppk 

Ash 

Prevost 

Ifl 

Stonev  Point 

Wayne 

Johnson 

6O0 

Gates 

CornwalilS; 

375 

Morgan 

Tarlton 

800 

Guildford     

Greene 

Cornwallis 

523 

Eutaw  Springs 

Yorktown 

Stewart 

1,000 

Washington 

Cornwallis 

This  table  is  made  independent  of  numerous  skirmishes  and  battles  of  less  importance. 

A  treaty  of  peace  was  signed  and  the  independence  of  the  country  recognized  by  England  Septembei 
13,  1783,  provisional  articles  having  been  signed  November  30,  1782.  The  British  sailed  from  New  YorS 
November  25,  1783;  leaving  the  whole  country  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  south  of  Canada  in  possession 
of  the  republic. 


78 


The  French  Revolutionary  Era. 


ONE    HUNDRED.   YEARS  lACO. 
1819. 

JAMES  MONROE  WAS  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES,      GEORGE  m.  "WAS  XING  OF    ENGLAND,  THE  ACTUAJi 
GOVERNMENT  BEING  UNDER  THE.  PRINCE  OF  WALES   (AFTERWARDS  GEORGE  IV.)   AS  REGENT. 


KING  OF  FRANCE — LOUIS  XVIII. 
EMPEROR  OP  AUSTRIA — FRANCIS  I. 

KING  OF  PRUSSIA FREDERICK  WILHAM  IH. 

EMPEROH  OF  RUSSIA — ALEXANDER  I. 

KING  OF  SPAIN FERDINAND   VII. 

KING  OF  SWEDEN  AND  NORWAY CHARLES  XIV. 

ROMAN   PONTIFF PIUS   VII. 

SULTAN  OF  TURKEY — MAHMUD  VI. 

KING  OF  DENMA^IK FREDERICK  VI. 

KING  OF   NAPLES  AND  SICILY FERDINAND   I. 

KING  OF  SARDINIA VICTOR  EMMANUEL   1. 

January  2 — The  Bank  of  Michigan  opens  at  the  .city 
of  Detroit. 

January  19 — Centre  College  Incorporated  at  Dan- 
ville, Ky. 

January  19 — The  United  Stales  and  Great  Britain 
sign  a  joint  agreement  for  the  occupation  of  the 
territory  of  Oregon.   ■ 

January  24 — The   first  church  at  Buffalo   is  com- 

Sleted  and  used  for  worship, 
ruary    5 — Hannah    Goes    Van    Buren,    wife    of 
President  Martin  Van  Buren,  dies. 

February  22 — The  Sabine  River  is  agreed  on  as  a 
boundary  between  the  United  States  and  the 
Spanish  possessions  In  North  America. 

February  22 — Spain  cedes  to  the  United  States,  by 
treaty,  the  territories  of  East  and  West  Florida, 
receiving  55.000,000. 

March  2 — The  Government  of  the  United  States 
donates  to  Alabama  902,774  acres  of  public  lands, 
the  proceeds  to  be  devoted  to  public  schools. 

March  2 — The  Congress  of  the  United  States 
separates  the  territory  of  Arkansas  from  Missouri. 

March  3 — The  Congress  of  the  United  States  passes 
an  act  authorizing  the  employment  of  the  navy 
for  the  suppression  of  the  African  slave  trade. 

March  24 — Southwark  Bridge,  over  the  Thames 
River,  London,  England,  opens  for  traffic. 

April  2 — The  pioneer  agricultural  periodical  in  the 
United  States,  The  American  Farmer,  begins 
publication  at  Baltimore. 

April  10 — The  steamship  Savannah,  the  first  steam- 
craft  to  cross  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  leaves  the  city 
Of  New  York  for  Savannah,  Ga.,  on  the  first  leg 
of  her  historic  voyage.    She  was  of  380  tons  burden. 

April  13 — The  Secret  Society  of  the  Carbonari  Is 
established  at  the  city  of  Naples,  in  Sicily,  for  the 
purpose  of  driving  out  foreigners,  and  especially 
the  French,  and  establishing  civil  and  religious 
liberty.  This  organization  grew  to  65,000  by  1820; 
thence  spread  to  France,  fomenting  the  revolutions 
of  1830  and  1848. 

April  26 — The  first  American  lodge  of  the  Secret 


Order   of   Odd    Fellows,    known   as   Washington 

Lodge  No.  1,  is  founded  at  Baltimore. 
May  4 — The  vessels  Hecla  and  Griper  start  on  their 

voj'age  to  try   to  discover  a  northwest  passage 

from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific. 
May  24 — Queen  Victoria  of  Great  Britain  born. 
May   26 — The    transatlantic     steamship   Savannah 

leaves  the  city  of  Savannah  bound  for  Liverpool, 

England.    . 
May    28 — The    steamboat    Independence,    pioneer 

steam  craft  on  the  Missouri  River,  goes  up  that 

stream  as  far  as  Franklin. 
June  2 — The  steamboat  Harriet,  a  pioneer  steam 

craft  on  the  Mississippi  River,  arrives  at  St.  Louis 

from  New  Orleans,  after  a  trip  of  27  days. 
June    15 — Over   5,000   acres   in   the   Fen   districts, 

England,  deluged  by  storms. 
June  16 — An  earthquake  causes  the  Kutcli  District 

in  India  to  sinly,  .smothering  up  over  2,000  persons. 
June  19 — The  Legislature  of  Massachusetts  separates 

from  that  State  the  territory  of  Maine. 
June     20 — The     American     'Steamship     Savannah 

arrives  at  Liverpool,  England. 
July  6 — Mme.  Blanchard  is  killed  by  the  burning  of 

a  gas  balloon  by  which  she  was  making  an  ascension 

at  Tivoli. 
July  12 — The  first  United  States  Custom  House  in 

Philadelphia   is   opened   on   Second   Street,    near 

Dock  Street. 
Augast    1 — The    Congress    of   Carlsbad,    Germany, 

opens.     This  was  a  gathering  tor  the  purpose  of 

repressing  the  liberty  of  the  press. 
Augu.st  16 — The  "Peterloo"  political  riots  occur  at 

Manchester,  England.     Eleven  persons  are  killed 

and  600  Injured. 
August  23 — Commodore  Oliver  Hazard  Perry,  of  the 

United  States  Navy,  dies  in  the  West  Indies  of 

yellow  fever> 
September  21 — Over  200  ships  lost  in  hurricane  In 

Leeward  Islands,  West  Indies. 
September  22 — The  first  steamship  on  Lake  Erie 

begins  its  trips. 
October    11 — A    convention    In   Maine   appoints   a 

committee  to  draw  up  a  State  Constitution. 
October  15 — Carlile,  an  English  book  publisher.  Is 

put  to  trial  at  London,  England,  on  a  charge  of 

treason,  in  having  published  Tom  Palne's  "Age 

of  Reason." 
December  6 — Gen.  W.  S.  Rosecrans  of  the  Union 

Army  born. 
December  31 — Fifteen  families  settle  at  Indianapolis, 

Ind. 
December  31 — A  revolution  begins  In  Spain. 


THE    FRENCH    REVOLUTIONARY    ERA. 

In  September,  1793.  the  convention  decreed  that  the  common  era  should  be  abolished  in  all  civil  affairs, 
and  that  the  now  French  era  should  begin  on  September  22,  1792,  the  day  of  the  true  autumnal  equinox, 
and  that  each  succeeding  year  should  begin  at  the  midnight  of  the  day  on  which  the  true  autumnal  equinox 
falls.  The  year  was  divided  into  twelve  months  of  thirty  days  each.  In  ordinary  years  there  were  five 
extra  days,  from  the  17th  to  the  21st  of  our  September,  and  at  tlie  end  of  every  fourth  year  was  a  sixth 
complimentary  day.  This  reckoning  was  flcst  used  on  November  22,  1793,  and  was  continued  until  Decem- 
ber 31,  1805,  when  it  was  discontinued,  and  the  Gregorian  calendar,  used  throughout  the  rest  of  Europe, 
was  resumed.  The  following  were  the  dates  for  the  year  1804,  the  last  complete  year  of  this  style  oX 
reckoning: 


VendemJalre  (Vintage) 


Brumalre 

Frlmaire 

Nlvose 

Pluvlose 

Ventose 


(Foggy), 
Sleety), 
Snowy) , 
Rainy), 
Windy), 


Sept 

23  to  Oct. 

22. 

Germinal  - 

(Budding) 

Oct. 

23  to  Nov. 

22. 

Floreal 

(Flowery), 

Nov 

22  to  Dec. 

21. 

Prairial 

(Pasture) , 

Dec. 

22  to  Jan. 

21. 

Messidor 

(Harvest) , 

Jan. 

21  to  Feb. 

20. 

Thermldor 

(Hot), 

Feb. 

20  to  Mar. 

19. 

Fructldor 

(Fruit), 

Mar.  22  to  Apr.  21. 
Apr.  21  to  May  20. 
May  21  to  June  20. 
June  20  to  July  19. 
July  20  to  Aug.  19. 
Aug.  19  to  Sept.  18. 


The  months  were  divided  into  three  decades  of  ten  days  each,  but  to  make  up  the  365  five  were  added 
at  the  end  of  Septambw-:  Primidi,  dedicated  to  Virtue:  DuodI,  to  Genius;  Tridi,  to  Labor;  Quartidl,  to 
Opinion,  and  Qulntidi,  to  Rewards.  To  Leap  Year,  called  Olympic,  a  sixth  day,  September  22  or  23. 
Sextidl,  "the  day  of  the  Revolution,"  was  added. 

To  each  tenth  day,  thirty-six  in  all,  were  assigned  thirty-six  "Fetes  Decadaires,  '  decreed  by  the 
National  Convention  on  the  eighteenth  Prairial,  in  honor  of  the  Supreme  Being  and  Nature,  the  Human 
Race,  the  French  People,  Benefactors  of  Humanity,  Martyrs  for  Liberty.  Liberty  and  Equality,  the  Re- 
public, Liberty  of  the  World,  Love  of  Country,  Hatred  of  Tyrants  and  Traitors,  Truth,  Justice,  Modesty, 
Glory  and  Immortality,  Friendship,  Frugality,  Couraae,  Good  Faith,  Heroism,  Disinterestedness,  Stoicism, 
Love,  Conjugal  Fidelity,  Paternal  Love,  Maternal  Tenderness,  Filial  Piety,  Infancy,  Childhood,  Manhood, 
Old  Age,  Sickness,  Agriculture,  Industry,  Our  Ancestors,  Our  Posterity,  Goodness. 


Coast  Line  of  the   United  States. 


79 


WEATHER    FLAGS 

OF  THE  WEATHER  BUREAU,  U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
The  Weather  Bureau  turni-shes,  when  practicable,  for  the  benefit  of  all  Interests  dependent  tipon 
weather  conditions,  the  "Forecasts"  which  are  prepared  daily  at  the  Central  OfBce  In  Washington,  D.  C, 
and  certain  designated  stations.  These  forecasts  are  telegraphed  to  stations  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  rail- 
way ofTicials,  postmasters,  and  many  others,  to  be  communicated  to  the  public  by  telegraph,  telephone, 
"wireless"  and  mail  or  by  means  of  fla?s  or  steam  whistles.  The  flags  adopted  lor  this  purpose  are  five 
in  number,  and  of  the  forms  and  colors  indicated  below: 

EXPLANATION  OF  WEATHER  FLAGS,  7 

No.  1.  '  No.  2.  No.  3.  No.  4.  No.  5/ 

White  Flag-.  Blue  Flag.  White  and  Blacli  Trian-  White  Flag  with 

Blue  Flag.  gular  Flag.  black  square  in 

Centre. 


Fair  weather.  Eain  or  snow.      Local  rain  or  snow.      Temperature.  Cold  wave. 

When  number  4  is  placed  afcove  number  1,2  or  3,  it  indicates  warmer;  when  below,  colder;  when  not 
displayed,  the  temperature  is  expected  to  remain  about  stationary. 

WHISTLE  SIGNALS. 

A  warning  blast  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  seconds'  duration  is  sounded  to  attract  attention.  After 
this  warning  the  longer  blasts  (of  from  four  to  six  seconds'  duration)  refer  to  weather,  and  shorter  blasts 
(of  from  one  to  three  seconds'  duration)  refer  to  temperature:  those  for  weather  are  sounded  first. 


Blasts.  Indicate. 

One  long Fair  weather. 

Two  long .- . .  Rain  or  snow. 

Three  long Local  rain  or  snow. 


Blasts.  Indicate. 

One  short .- Lower  temperature. 

Two  short Higher  temperature. 

Three  short Cold  wave. 


By  repeating  each  combination  a  few  times,  with  intervals  of  ten  seconds,  liability  to  error  In  reading 
the  signals  may  be  avoided. 

As  far  as  practicable,  the  forecast  messages  are  telegraphed  at  the  expense  of  the  Weather  Bureau; 
but  if  this  is  impracticable  they  are  furnished  at  the  regular  commercial  rates  and  sent  "collect."  In  no 
case  are  the  forecasts  sent  to  a  second  address  in  any  place,  except  at  the  expense  of  the  applicant. 

Persons  desiring  to  display  the  flags  or  sound  the  whistle  signals  for  the  benefit  of  the  public  should 
communicate  with  the  Weather  Bureau  officials  in  charge  of  the  central  stations  of  their  respective  States, 
which  are  as  follows: 


Alabama,  Montgomery. 
Alaska,  Juneau. 
Arizona,  Phoenix. 
Arkansa.",  Little  Rock. 
California,  San  Francisco. 
Colorado,  Denver. 
Florida,  Jaclvsonville. 
Georgia,  Atlanta. 
Idaho,  Boise. 
Illinois,  Springfield. 
Indiana,  Indianapolis. 
Iowa,  Des  Moines. 
Kansas,  Topelta.  ■ 

Kentucky,  Louisville. 
Louisiana,  New  Orleans. 


Maryland,  Baltimore 

(for  Delaware  and  Maryland), 
Massachusetts,  Boston. 

(for  New  England). 
Michigan,  Grand  Rapids. 
Minnesota,  Minneapolis. 
Mississippi,  VIcksburg. 
Missouri,  (Soiumbia. 
Montana,  Helena. 
Nebraska,  Lincoln. 
Nevada,  Reno. 
New  .Jersey,  Trenton. 
New  Mexico,  Santa  Fe. 
New  York,  Ithaca. 
North  Carolina,  Raleigh. 


North  Dakota,  Bismarck. 
Ohio,  Columbus.  . 
Oklahoma,  Oklahoma. 
Oregon,  Portland. 
Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia. 
South  Carolina,  Columbia. 
South  Dakota,  Huron. 
Tennessee,  Nashville. 
Texas,  Houston. 
Utah,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Virginia,  Richmond. 
Washington,  Seattle. 
West  Virginia,  Parkersburg. 
Wisconsin,  Milwaukee. 
Wyoming,  Cheyenne. 


COAST     LINE    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

LENGTHS,  IN  STATUTE  MILES,  OF  THE  GENERAL  COAST  LINE  AND  TIDAL  SHORE  LINE 
OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    AND    OUTLYING    TERRITORIES. 


LOCAUTS. 

General 

Sea  Coast 

Line. 

Tidal  Shore  Line,  Unit 
Measure  3  Statote  Miles. 

Tidal  Shore  Line,  Unit 
Measure  1  Statute  Mile, 

.Mainland. 

Islands. 

Total. 

Ma.inland. 

Islands. 

Total. 

United  States: 
Atlantic  Coast 

1,888 
1,629 
1,366 

3,152 
2,422 
1,740 

3,218 

1,675 

670 

6,370 
4,097 
2,410 

5,565 
3,641 
2,730 

6,114 
2,777 
1,035 

11,679 

Gulf  Coast 

6,418 

Pacific  Coast 

3,765 

Tot:il 

4.8S3 

7,314 

5,563 

12,877 

11,936 

9,926 

21.862 

Alaska 

6,640 

4,170 

311 

78 

775 

.  20 

76 

6,542 

8,590 

15,132 
10,850 

362 
84 

810 

■"oi 

■■'85 
'■'29 

••••7 
'■••4 

Philippine  Islands 

Porto  Rico 

412 

92 

Hawaiian  Islands 

842 

Panama  Canal  Zone 

33 

United  States  Saraoan  Islands 

Tidal  Shore  Line,  Unit  Measure  3  Statute  Miles.— The  figures  under  this  heading  give  the  len.gth  In 
Statute  miles  of  the  shore  line  on  tidal  waters  to  points  where  such  waters  narrow  to  a  width  of  3  statute  miles. 
Tidal  Shore  I-ino,  Unit  Me.asure  1  Statute  Mile. — The  figures  under  this  heading  give  tlie  lenpth  in  statute 
miles  of  the  shore  line  on  tidal  waters  to  points  where  such  waters  narrow  to  a  width  of  one  statute  mile,  ana 
Include  the  shore  line  of  those  bodies  of  tidal  waters  more  than  I  mile  wide  whicli  lie  close  to  the  mam  waters, 
eve.T  though  the  entrance  width  Is  less  than  the  unit  measure.  ^      .,,.  ,* 

Alaska,  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  United  States  Samoan  Islands  were  not  measured  with  a  unit  meas- 
ure of  1  statute  mile,  as  large  areas  are  unsurveyed,  and  such  a  measurement  would  be  very  approximate, 
it  not  misleading. 


QA  SMALL   CRAFT,    STORM 

OF  THE  WEATHER  BUREAU,  U. 


Small  craft. 


AND    HURRICANE    WARNiNCS 

S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 
AS  DISPLAYED  ON  THE  ATLANTIC,  PACIFIC,  AND  GULF  COASTS. 
All  square  flags  shown  here  are  red  with  black  centre  when  displayed  as  warnings. 


Storm. 


Hurricane. 


NW.  Winds.  SW.  winds.  NE.  winds.  SE.  winds. 

Small  Craft  Warning — A  red  pennant  Indicates  that  moderately  strong  winds  are  expected.  Storm 
Warning — A  red  flag  with  a  black  centre  indicates  that  a  storm  of  marked  violence  is  expected.  The  pen- 
nants displayed  with  the  flags  indicate  the  direction  of  the  wind:  white,  westerly;  red,  easterly.  The 
pennant  above  the  flag  Indicates  that  the  wind  is  expected  to  blow  from  the  northerly  quadrants:  below, 
from  the  southerly  quadrants.  By  night  a  red  light  Indicates  easterly  winds,  and  a  white  light  below  a 
red  light  westerly  winds.  Hurricane  Warning — Two 'red  flags  with  black  centres,  displayed  one  above  the 
other.  Indicate  the  expected  approach  of  a  tropical  hurricane,  and  also  one  of  those  extremely  severe  and 
dangerous  storms  which  occasionally  move  across  the  Lakes  and  Northern  Atlantic  Coast.  Neither  small 
craft  nor  hurricane  warnings  described  above  are  displayed  at  night. 

The  following  new  system  of  night  storm-warning  displays  on  the  Great  Lakes  only  became  effective 
October  15.   1916: 

Small  Crajt  Warning — A  red  pennant  Indicates  that  moderately  strong  winds  that  will  Interfere  with 
the  safe  operation  of  small  craft  are  expected.  No  night  display  of  small  craft  warnings  is  made.  North- 
east Storm  Warning — A  red  pennant  above  a  square  red  flag  with  black  centre  displayed  by  day,  or  two  red 
lanterns,  one  above  the  other,  displayed  by  night,  indicate  the  approach  of  a  storm  of  marked  violence 
with  winds  beginning  from  the  northeast.  Southeast  Storm  Warning — A  red  pennant  beloio  a  square  red 
flag  with  black  centre  displayed  by  day,  or  one  red  lantern  displayed  by  nlsjht,  indicates  the  approach  of 
a  storm  of  marked  violence  with  winds  beginning  from  the  southeast.  Southwest  Storm  Warning — A  white 
pennant  below  a  square  red  flag  with  black  centre  displayed  by  day,  or  a  white  lantern  beloro  a  red  lantern 
displayed  by  night,  indicates  the  approach  of  a  storm  of  marked  violence  with  winds  beginning  from  the 
southwest.  Northwest  Storm  Warning — A  white  pennant  abooe  a  square  red  flag  with  black  centre  displayed 
by  day,  or  a  white  lantern  above  a  red  lantern  displayed  by  night,  indicates  the  approach  of  a  storm  of 
marlced  violence  with  winds  beginning  from  the  northwest.  Hurricane,  or  Whole  Gale  Warning — Two  square 
flags,  red  with  black  centres,  one  above  the  other,  displayed  by  day,  or  two  red  lanterns,  with  a  white 
lantern  between,  displayed  by  night.  Indicate  the  approach  of  a  tropical  hurricane,  or  of  one  of  the  extremely 
severe  and  dangerous  storms  which  occasionally  move  across  the  Great  Lakes. 


VELOCITY    OF    WINDS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

Average  hourly  velocity  of  the  wind  at  selected  stations  of  the  United  States  Weather  Bureau,  also 
the  highest  velocity  ever  reported  for  a  period  of  five  minutes.  (Prepared  by  Chief  of  the  U.  S.  Weather 
Bureau,  and  revised  to  .lanuary  1,  1918,  for  The  Woru)  Almanac.) 


Stations. 

Average 

Hourly 

Velocity. 

Highest 

Ever 

Reported . 

Stations. 

Avei-age 

Hourly 

Velocity. 

Highest 

Ever 

Reported . 

Stations. 

Average 

Hourly 

Velocity. 

Highest 

Ever 

Reported. 

Abilene,  Texas 

Albany,  N.  Y 

Alpena,  Mich 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Mi. 
10 

8 
10 
10 
10 

5 
11 
14 

7 

6 
16 

7 
14 

7 

8 
11 
11 

7 
14 
11 

Ml. 
66 
70 
72 
66 
74 
55 
72 
92 
72 
66 
84 
69 
73 
72 
75 
86 
75 
60 
78 
78 

El  Paso,  Texas 

Fort  Smith,  Ark 

Galveston,  Texas .... 

Havre,  Mont 

Helena,  Mont 

Huron,  S.  D 

Ml. 
10 

8 
11 
10 

7 
12 

8 

8 

6 

7 

S 

4- 

9 

6 

7 

8 
12 

9 

9 

7 

Mi. 
78 
74 
93 
76 
70 
72 
75 
60 
84 
66 
74 
63 
75 
64 
75 
86 
96 
96 
66 
60 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Portland,  Me 

Red  Bluff,  Cal 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

St.  Vincent,  Minn.* .  . 
Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

San  Diego,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . . 

Santa  Fe,  N.  M 

Savannah,  Ga 

SpoVane,  Wash 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Vlcksburg,  Miss 

Washington,  D.  C 

Wilmington,  N.  C... 

Mi. 

10 

8 

/    S 

6 

8 

11 
9 
9 
6 
6 

10 
7 
8 
6 

11 
7 
7 
8 

Ml. 
75 
69 
61 
60 

Bismarck,  N.  D 

Boise,  Idaho 

78 
80 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Charlotte,  N.  C 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. . . 
Chicago,  111 

Jacksonville,  Fla 

Keokuk,  Iowa 

Knoxville,  Tenn 

Leavenworth,  Kan.*. . 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lynchburg.  Va 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York  City,  N.  Y. 
North  Platte,  Neb .  .  . 

Omaha,  Neb 

Palestine,  Texas 

102 
72 
66 
54 
64 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Custer,  Mont.* 

Denver,  Col 

53 

88 
52 
84 

Detroit,  Mich. 

Dodge  City,  Kan .... 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Duluth,  Minn 

Eastport,  Me 

62 
68 
72 

*  stations  discontinued. 


STANDARD  TABLE  SHOWING  VELOCITY  AND  FORCE  OF  WINDS. 


Description. 

Miles 

per 
Hour. 

Feet 

per 

Minute. 

Feet 

per 

Second . 

Force  in 

lbs.   per 

Square 

Foot. 

Description. 

Miles 

per 
Hour. 

Feet 

per 

Minute. 

Feet 

per 

Second. 

Force  in 

lbs.  per 

Square 

Foot. 

Perceptible 

Just  perceptible. . . 

Gentle  breeze .... 

4 

5 

J       10 

15 

20 

1      25 

88 

176 

264 

352 

440 

880 

1,320 

1,760 

2,200 

1.47 
2.93 
4.4 
5,87 
7.33 
14.67 
22.0 
29.3 
36.6 

.004 

.016 

.030 

.064 

.100 

.400 

900 

1.600 

2.500 

High  wind 

Very  high  wind . . . 
Storm 

f      30 
\      35 
;      40 
\      45 
50 
/      60 
1      70 
/      80 
1    100 

2,640 
3,080 
3,520 
3,960 
4,400 
5,280 
6.160 
7,040 
8.800 

44.0 

51.3 

68.6 

66.0 

73.3 

88.0 

102.7 

117.3 

146.6 

3.600 

4.900 

6.400 

8.100 

10.000 

1^.400 

19.600 

25.600 

40.000 

Pleasant  breeze... 
Brisk  wind 

Great  storm 

Hurricane 

Temperature  and  Rainfall  of  Foreign  Cities. 


81 


MEAN    HUMIDITY    OF    PLACES    IN    UNITED    STATES    IN    PERCENTAGES. 

From  a  table  prepared  by  the  United  States  Weather  Bureau,  showing  the  monthly  and  annual  values 
of  relative  humidity  at  regular  Weather  Bureau  stations  In  the  United  States,  based  upon  observations 
made  at  8  a.m.  and  8  p.m.  respectively,  75th  meridian  time  and  covering  a  period  of  about  25  years  of  record. 


Stations. 


Atlanta,  Ga 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J. . 

Baltimore,  Md 

BiemarcK,  N.  Dak. . . 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Carson  City.  Nev 

Charleston,  S.  C 

Charlotte,  N.  C 

Cheyenne,  Wyo 

Chicago,  lU 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Denver,  Col 

Detroit,  Mich... ;. .. 

Duluth,  Minn 

Fort  Smith,  Ark 

Galveston,  Tex 

Helena,  Mont 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jacksonville,  Fla.  . . . 
Kansas  City,  Mo. . . . 

Key  West,  Fla 

KnoxvUle,  Tenn 

Little  Rock,  Ark 

Los  Angeles,  Cal .  .  . . 

Louisville,  Ky 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Mobile,  Ala 

Nashville,  Tenn 

New  Haven,  Ct 

New  Orleans,  La.  . . . 

New  YorS,  N.  Y 

Oklahoma,  Okia 

Omaha,  Neb 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Ore 

Richmond,  Va 

St.  Louis,  Mo ; . 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah 
San  Francisco,  Cal. . . 

Santa  Fe.  N.  M 

Savannah,  Ga 

Spokane,  Wash 

Tampa,  Fla 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Vicksburg,  Miss 

Walla  Walla,  Wash.. 
Washington,  D.  C... 
Wilmington,  N.  C. . . 
Yuma,  Ailz 


Jan.  Feb.  Mar.  Apr.  May  June  July  Aug.  Sept.  Oct.  Nov.  Dec.  Ann'l' 


76 
80 
72 
74 
72 
79 
64 
78 
72 
56 
82 
76 
54 
83 
82 
72 
84 
70 
80 
82 
74 
82 
77 
73 
64 
74 
79 
80 
75 
72 
79 
74 
73 
76 
73 
78 
74 
84 
74 
75 
79 
72 
80 
58 
76 
83 
82 
81 
73 
84 
72 
77 
44 


72 
76 
68 
74 
69 
79 
58 
78 
69 
62 
80 
74 
56 
82 
80 
70 
85 
69 
77 
79 
76 
80 
72 
70 
68 
72 
78 
78 
73 
70 
78 
71 
71 
75 
70 
76 
71 
78 
67 
74 
79 
68 
78 
56 
75 
76 
80 
79 
70 
80 
68 
76 
44 


70 

79 

68 

72 

69 

76 

51 

78 

69 

59 

77 

70 

53 

77 

76 

66 

86 

62 

72 

78 

70 

77 

70 

68 

71 

68 

77 

80 

70 

71 

78 

70 

67 

70 

69 

72 

71 

74 

71 

71 

73 

58 

76 

46 

77 

66 

79 

75 

68 

71 

68 

78 

42 


66 
78 
62 
64 
68 
72 
43 
74 
64 
58 
72 
62 
50 
70 
70 
65 
84 
54 
66 
74 
65 
74 
65 
68 
72 
63 
74 
77 
66 
69 
76 
68 
65 
63 
64 
68 
70 
70 
64 
66 
64 
48 
76 
40 
74 
57 
74 
69 
69 
60 
64 
74 
36 


66 
81 
66 
65 
70 
72 
45 
76 
66 
60 
72 
64 
64 
70 
70 
71 
80 
56 
67 
76 
68 
74 
68 
72 
76 
64 
72 
76 
68 
72 
74 
70 
72 
65 
67 
66 
73 
70 
68 
68 
63 
46 
78 
37 
76 
56 
75 
68 
72 
58 
70 
78 
37 


70 
82 
69 
70 
72 
74 
40 
78 
72 
56 
72 
65 
50 
71 
74 
71 
79 
65 
67 
80 
68 
76 
74 
72 
75 
66 
72 
77 
70 
74 
76 
■.2 
70 
66 
68 
69 
74 
68 
72 
68 
67 
38 
80 
36 
79 
52 
80 
70 
75 
54 
73 
80 
36 


76 
82 
69 
•6 
71 
72 
36 
79 
76 
55 
70 
65 
52 
68 
73 
71 
78 
48 
66 
81 
68 
74 
76 
74 
75 
66 
72 
80 
72 
76 
78 
72 
69 
65 
68 
68 
76 
64 
72 
67 
66 
34 
84 
49 
81 
46 
82 
68 
80 
42 
74 
82 
45 


78 
82 
72 
66 
74 
72 
38 
81 
.79 
54 
74 
67 
50 
71 
76 
72 
78 

If 
83 
68 
74 
79 
75 
74 
68 
74 
82 
73 
77 
80 
74 
67 
68 
72 
69 
78 
66 
76 
68 
70 
37 
85 
61 
84 
44 
84- 
70 
81 
42 
77 
85 
48 


74 
80 
74 
67 


69 
78 
71 
70 


76 

74 

74 

74 

44 

63 

82 

7H 

76 

70  , 

61 

64 

72 

72 

68 

68 

48 

50 

74 

76 

77 

76 

72 

7(» 

77 

76 

64 

59 

70 

69 

84 

82 

70 

66 

78 

78 

72 

74 

74 

72 

72 

70 

69 

68 

76 

76 

80 

76 

72 

70 

79 

76 

79 

75 

76 

72 

68 

68 

68 

66 

74 

71 

72 

71 

79 

76 

72 

78 

78 

78 

70 

68 

72 

71 

40 

62 

80 

77 

49 

50 

84 

7a 

54 

66 

84 

80 

74 

74 

77 

72 

56 

67 

79 

76 

84 

80 

46 

44 

70 

78 

70 

75 

73 

76 

68 

78 

69 

54 

76 

71 

60 

79 

80 

70 

80 

64 

73 

82 

68 

80 

74 

70 

63 

69 

77 

78 

70 

73 

78 

72 

70 

69 

70 

72 

74 

83 

70 

70 

74 

62 

78 

52 

78 

80 

81 

76 

71 

76 

72 

78 

44 


75 

78 

70 

74 

71 

78 

68 

78 

72 

66 

80 

76 

55 

82 

82 

70 

82 

70 

78 

82 

74 

81 

77 

72 

60 

72 

78 

80 

75 

72 

79 

72 

74 

75 

72 

76 

74 

85 

73 

74 

79 

72 

78 

58 

77 

84 

82 

80 

72 

84 

72 

77 

44 


72 

80 

69 

70 

72 

75 

60 

78 

71 

66 

74 

69 

62 

76 

76 

70 

81 

59 

70 

80 

70 

7S 

74 

72 

70 

68 

75 

79 

71 

74 

78 

72 

70 

69 

70 

72 

74 

74 

72 

70 

72 

52 

80 

49 

78 

64 

80 

74 

74 

65 

72 

79 

43 


TEMPERATURE  AND  RAINFALL  OF  FOREIGN  CITIES. 


Cmr  OR  Place. 


Alexandria 

Amsterdam 

Archangel 

Athens 

Bagdad 

Berlin 

Bermuda 

Berne 

Bombay 

Brussels 

Buenos  Ayres . . . . 

Calcutta 

Cape  Town 

Cherrapongee...  . 

Christiania 

Constantinople .  . 
Copenhagen 


Mean 
Annual 
Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 


69.0 
49.9 
33.0 
63.0 
71.6 
48.2 
72.0 
46.0 
77.7 
50.0 
62.8 
79.5 
62.0 

41 ;  5 
67.7 
45.3 


Annual 
Aver- 
age 
Rainfall 
Inches . 


8 
26 
16 
16 

9 
23 
65 
46 
75 
29 
34 
65 
25 
458 
23 
29 
22 


City  or  Place. 


Delhi 

Dublin 

Edinburgh .  . 

Geneva 

Glasgow .... 

Havana 

Honolulu .  .  . 
Jerusalem . . . 

Lima 

Lisbon 

London 

Madrid 

Manila 

Melbourne. . 

Mexico 

Montevideo. 


Mean 

Annual 

Annual 

Aver- 

Tem- 

age 

pera- 

RainfaU 

ture. 

Inches. 

77.0 

28 

50.1 

28 

47.1 

26 

52.7 

82 

49.8 

44 

76.6 

52 

73.9 

39 

60.6 

25 

66.7 

2 

60.1 

29 

50.8 

25 

56.1 

9 

80.1 

76 

57.0 

29 

69.7 

23 

62.0 

44  1 

CiTT  OR  Place. 


Montreal 

Munich 

Nice 

Paris 

Peking 

Petrograd 

Quebec 

Rio  de  Janeiro . 

Rome 

Stockholm .... 
The  Hague. .. . 

Tokio 

Valparaiso. . .  . 

Venice 

Vera  Cruz.-.  .  . 
Vienna 


Mean 
Annual 
Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 


41.9 
48.4 
68.0 
60.0 
63.0 

39:6 

40.3 

72.7 

60.5 

42.3 

52.0 

56. 

57. 

55 

77. 


48.6 


Annual 
Aver- 
age 
RainfaU 
Inches. 


41 
35 
29 
22 
25 
17 
40 
43 
30 
17 
26 
58- 
:iO 
26 
180 
25 


Cherrapongee,  in  Southwestern  Assam,  is  the  wettest  place  in  the  world.  In  1861  the  rainfall  there 
reached  905  inches.  Mean  annual  temperature  of  the  globe  Is  about  59°  Fahr.  The  average  annual  rain- 
fall in  the  world  has  been  estimated  at  30  to  60  inches.  The  highest  temperatures  oecxti  In  Northern  Africa, 
in  the  interior  of  Australia,  In  Southwestern  Asia,  and  in  Southwestern  North  America.  The  lowest  tena- 
perature  recorded  in  the  Antarctic  by  Shackleton  was  67°  on  August  14,  1908  {U.  S.  Weather  Bureau). 


82 


Rules  for  Foretelling  the  Weather. 


NORMAL  TEMPERATURE  AND  RAINFALL. 

(Prepared  In  the  office  ot  the  Chief  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture.-) 


States 
and 
Terri- 
tories. 


Ala 

Ariz.... 
Ark..... 

Cal 

Col 

Conn..  . 
D.  of  C. 

Fla 

Ga 

Idaho.  . 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa . . 
Kan.... 

Ky 

La 

Maine.. 

Md 

Mass. . . 
Mich . . . 
Minn... 
Miss.. . . 

Mo 

Mont.. . 


Stations. 


Mobile 

Phoenix 

Little  Rock .  . 
San  Francisco 
Denver. ..... 

New  Haven. . 
Washington. . 
Key  West. . . . 

Atlanta 

Boise 

Chicago 

Indianapolis  . 
Dubuque. . . . 

Wichita 

Louisville 

New  Orleans. 

Portland 

Baltimore. . . . 

Boston 

Detroit 

St.  Paul 

Vlcltsburg 

St.  Louis 

Helena 


Mean 

Mean 

Tempera- 

Rec- 

Rec- 

Ann'I 

ture. 

ord 

ord 

Pre- 

High- 

I./OW- 

cip'n 

Jan. 

July 

est. 

est. 

(Ins.) 

50 

80 

102 

—  1 

62.0 

50 

90 

119 

12 

7.9 

41 

81 

106 

—12 

49.9 

50 

57 

101 

29 

22.3 

29 

72 

105 

.—29 

14.0 

27 

72 

100 

—14 

47.2 

H» 

77 

104 

—  15 

43.5 

69 

84 

100 

41 

38.7 

42 

78 

100 

—  8 

49.4 

29 

73 

111 

—28 

12.7 

24 

72 

103 

—23 

33.3 

28 

76 

108 

—25 

41.5 

18 

75 

106 

—32 

34.0 

30 

79 

107 

—22 

30.6 

34 

79 

107 

—20 

44.3 

63 

81 

102 

7 

57.4 

22 

68 

103 

—21 

42.5 

33 

77 

104 

—  7 

43.2 

27 

71 

104 

—  14 

43.4 

24 

72 

101 

—24 

32.2 

12 

72 

104 

—41 

28.7 

47 

80 

101 

—  1 

53.7 

31 

79 

107 

—22 

37.2 

20 

67 

103 

—42 

12.8 

States 
and 
Terri- 
tories. 


Neb 

Nev 

N  C.  .. 
N.  Dak 
N.H.... 
N.  J...  . 
N.Meif 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.  . 
Okla.  . 

Ore 

Pa 

R.  I 

S.  C... 
S.Dak. 
Tenn. .  . 
Texas  .  . 
Utah.. 

Vt 

Va 

Wash... 
W.  Va.  . 

Wis 

Wyo.    .  . 


Stations. 


Omaha 

Winnemucca 
Charlotte. . . . 
Bismarck . . .  . 

Concord 

Atlantic  City 

Sante  Fe 

N.  Y.  City... 
Cincinnati . . . 
Oklahoma. . . 

Portland 

Philadelphia . 
Block  Island. 
Cliarleston..  . 

Pierre 

Nashville. . . . 

Galveston 

Salt  Lake  C . . 
Burlington. . . 

Norfolk 

Seattle 

Parkersburg . 
Milwaukee.. . 
Cheyenne. . . 


Mean 
Tempera- 
ture. 


Jan.  July 


20 
29 
40 
7 
21 
32 
28 
30 
32 
35 
39 
32 
31 
49 
14 
38 
53 
29 
16 
40 
39 
31 
20 
26 


76 
72 
79 
70 
69 
72 
69 
74 
78 
80 
66 
76 
68 
81 
75 
79, 
83 
76 
68 
78 
64 
76 
70 
67 


Rec- 
ord 

High- 
est. 


107 
104 
102 
107 
102 

99 

97 
100 
105 
108 
102 
103 

92 
104 
110 
104 

99 
102 
100 
102 

96 
102' 
102 
100 


Rec- 
ord 
Low- 
est. 


-32 
-28 

-  5 
-45 
-35 

-  7 
-13 
-13 
-17 
-17 

-  2 

-  6 

-  4 
7 

-40 
-13 

8 
-20 
-27 

2 

11 

-27 

-25 

-38 


Mean 

Ann'I 

Pre- 

cip'n 

(Ins.) 


30.7 
8.4 
49.2 
17.6 
40.1 
40.8 
14.5 
44.6 
38.3 
31.7 
45.1 
41.2 
44.4 
52.1 
16.6 
48.5 
47.1 
16.0 
31.6 
49.5 
36.6 
40.2 
31.4 
13.6 


The  minus  ( — )  sign  indicates 
THERMOMETERS. 

Comparative  Scales. 


Reau- 
mur, 
80°. 


76 

72 

68 

63.1 

60 

56 

62 

48 

44 

42.2 

40 

36 

33.8 

32 

29.3 

28 

25.8 

24 

21.3 

20 

16 

12.4 

10.2 

8 

5.8 

4 

1.3 

0 
-  0.9 

4 

5 

8 

9 
-12 
-14 
-16 
-20 
-24 
-28 
-32 


-  5.3 

-  8 

-  9.8 


Centi- 
grade, 
100'. 


95 

90 

85 

78.9 

75 

70 

65 

60 

55 

52.8 

50 

45 

42.2 

40 

36.7 

35 

32.2 

30 

26.7 

25 

20 

15.3 

12.8 

10 
7.2 
5 

1.7 
0 

-  1 
5 
6 

10 

12 

15 
—17.8 
—20 
—25 
—30 
—35 
— 40 


1 
—  6.7 


Fahr- 
enheit, 
212°. 


203 

194 

185 

174 

167 

158 

149 

140 

131 

127 

122 

113 

108 

104 

98 

95 

90 

86 

80 

77 

68 

60 

55 

50 

45 

41 

35 

32 

30 

23 

20 

14 

10 

5 

0 

—  4 

—13 

—22 

—31 

—40 


Water  Bofls 

AT     S  E  A  - 

Level. 


Alcohol  Boils. 


Tallow  Melts. 


Blood  Heat. 


Temperate. 


Water 
Freezes. 


Zero  Fahr. 


temperature  below  zero. 

RULES    FOR    FORETELLING    THE    WEATHER. 

Adapted  fob  Use  with  Aneroid  Barometers. 

A    RISING    barometer. 

A  rapid  rise  indicates  unsettled  weather. 

A  gradual  rise  indicates  settled  weather. 

A  rise  with  dry  air  and  cold  increasing  In  Summer  Indicates  wind 
from  the  northward;  and  if  rain  has  fallen,  better  weather  may  be 
expected. 

A  rise  with  moist  air  and  a  low  temperature  indicates  wind  and 
rain  from  the  northward. 

A  rise  with  southerly  winds  indicates  fine  weather. 

A    STEADY    BARO.VIETER. 

With  dry  air  and  seasonable  temperature  indicates  a  continuance 
of  very  fine  weather. 

A    FALLING   BAROMETER. 

A  rapid  fail  indicates  stormy  weather. 

A  rapid  fall  with  westerly  wind  indicates  stormy  weather  from 
the  northward.  i 

A  fail  with  a  northerly  wind  indicates  storm,  with  rain  and  bail 
in  Summer,  and  snow  in  Winter.  ', ,. 

A  fall  with  increased  moisture  in  the  air,  and  heat  increaslhg, 
indicates  wind  and  rain  from  the  southward. 

A  fall  with  dry  air  and  cold  increasing  in  Winter  indicates  snow. 

A  fall  after  very  calm  and  warm  weather  Indicates  rain  with 
squally  weather. 

The  barometer  rises  for  northerly  winds,  including  from  northwest 
by  north  to  the  eastward  for  dry.  or  less  wet  weather,  for  less  wind, 
or  for  more  than  one  of  these  changes,  except  on  a  few  occasions, 
when  rain,  hall,  or  snow  comes  from  the  northward  with  strong  wind. 

The  barometer  falls  for  southerly  wind,  including  from  southeast 
by  south  to  the  westward,  for  wet  weather,  for  stronger  wind  or  for 
more  than  one  ot  these  changes,  except  on  a  few  occasions,  when 
moderate  wind,  with  rain  or  snow,  comes  from  the  northward. 


DURATION     OF     DIFFERENT     KINDS     OF     WEATHER     IN     THE     SEVERAIi 

Storms — Vicinity  of  New  York, 


Critical  Winds. 


South  to  Southwest. 
South  to  Southeast . 
East  to  Northeast .  . 


Clear    Cloudy     Rain     Clearing 
Hours.    Hours.     Hours.      Hours. 


9 
14 
20 


8 
13.4 
17.6 


15 
31 


14 

15.4 

20.6 


WEATHER  WISDOM. 
A  gray,  lowering  sunset,  or  one  where  the  sky  is  green  or  yellowish-green.  Indicates  rain.  A  red  sun- 
•ise,  with  clouds  lowering  later  in  the  morning,  also  indicates  rain.  A  halo  occurring  alter  fine  weather  in- 
Ucates  a  storm.  A  coronj)  growing  smaller  indicates  rain;  growing  larger,  fair  weather.  A  morning 
ainbow  is  regarded  as  a  sis.n  of  rain;  an  evening  rainbow  of  fair  weather.  A  deep-blue  color  of  the  sky. 
ven  when  seen  through  ciouo.^,  indicates  fair  weather,  a  growing  whiteness,  an  approaching  storm.   Fogf 

fidicate  settled  weather.  A  morning  fog  usually  breaks  away  before  noon.  Unusual  clearness  of  the 
tmosphere,  unusual  brightness  or  twinkling  of  the  stars,  indicate  rain.  The  flrat  Irost  and  last  frost  are 
jsually  preceded  by  a  temperature  very  much  above  the  mean. 


"New  York  City  Weather'  Records  for  1917. 


83 


NEW    YORK    CITY    WEATHER    RECORDS    FOR    1917. 

(Compiled  under  the  direction  of  James  H.  Scarr,  United  States  Meteorologist.) 
DAILY    PRECIPITATION,    1917,    AT    NEW    YORK. 


DAT. 

i 

>-> 

fa 

i 

a. 
< 

i 

0 

p 

>> 

a 

.12 
.99 
.23 

't'. 

.23 
.12 
.76 
1.0 

< 

1)2 
.02 
.15 

■f'. 

■f'. 

1.7 

■.02 
;73 

4^ 
O 

o 
■f'. 

.65 
.01 

'.6i 

.34 

't. 

.74 

> 

o 

Q 

Day. 

fa 

i 

u 

< 

6 

1^ 

< 

a 

0) 
03 

0 

> 
1 

6 

1.... 

2.... 
3 

T. 

'.24 
'a2 

.04 

f . 
.03 
.21 

■.20 
.09 
.91 
.38 

T. 

t'. 

".47 
.25 
01 

.28 

.42 
.77 
.01 
T. 

■.oi 
f'. 

m 

.09 

.18 
-.01 

t'. 

.18 
T. 

■.03 
.45 

■t 

.98 

18.... 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23.... 

24 

25.... 
26.... 
27.... 
28.... 
29.... 
30.... 
31.... 

Total 

.05 

■.59 
.35 

m 

T. 
.06 
.09 
.23 
T. 
.04 

2.4 

m 

.03 

.27 
.14 
.26 

't'. 

T. 

.23 

1.7 

T. 

.13 
.03 
.01 
.29 

.26 
T. 
T 

T. 

.04 
.20 

■f . 
.17 

■.30 
.01 

f. 
.03 

.04 
.12 
.42 

f. 

■.is 

.92 
.01 

.05 
T. 
.10 

■.16 
.52 

T. 
T. 

T 

T. 
.05 
.32 

2  ■.7 

T. 
T. 
.36 
.03 

4.... 
5.... 
6. . .  . 

T. 
1.6 

T 

T. 
.01 
.08 
1.0 

■f . 

7 

8.... 
9.... 
10 

'.07 

.36 

.45 

:64 

.10 
.60 

'Ai 
t. 

.10 

.02 

.02 
.80 
.23 

f . 
09 

.31 
i'2 

T. 

.03 

.26 

11.... 
12 

T. 

■.02 
.42 

.20 
■.06 

'.a 

13 

.10 
.06 
.U 

T. 
T. 
.08 
T. 

ii 

T. 

14. . . . 
15.... 
16.... 
17.... 

3.8 
.02 
T. 

.57 
.20 

t' 

m 

T. 
.01 
T. 

't'. 

3.4 

573 

3.3 

5.5 

5.9 

1.8 

2.7 

bJ 

0.6 

dj 

..^ 

.^~. 

"T 

',  trace 

,  less  than 

01  inch 

DAILY 

MINIMUM  TEMPERATURE,  1917,  AT| 

DAILY  MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURE.  1917,  AT 

NEW 

YORK.              1 

NEW  YORK. 

Day. 

>-5    fa 

a 
< 

^ 

S 

3 

1-5 

63 

80 

a 
m 

"64 

4^ 

0 
0 

47 

> 

0 

T4 

6 

Q 
38 

Day. 

i 
1-5 

1 

2 

C. 
< 

2 

•-5 

62 

3 
1-5 

"S() 

< 
98 

71 

0 
61 

>' 
0 
% 

47 

1 

?,1 

23 

31 

48 

40 

53 

1.... 

3ft 

49 

38 

79 

47 

45 

2 

34 

9 

29 

40 

38 

,56 

66 

72 

63 

4ft 

34 

23 

2.... 

43 

23 

37 

56 

68 

70 

88 

96 

75 

62 

48 

38 

3 

3ft 

ft 

32 

42 

41 

,ft9 

64 

67 

64 

49 

33 

23 

3.... 

44 

16 

37 

54 

62 

79 

74 

83 

78 

63 

47 

40 

4 

39 

14 

31 

38 

39 

57 

64 

65 

57 

53 

33 

29 

4 

47 

35 

37 

58 

.54 

78 

78 

80 

71 

70 

4ft 

-37 

6.  .  .  . 

39 

1?, 

23 

33 

39 

55 

67 

68 

55 

,54 

30 

29 

6.... 

52 

35 

34 

46 

46 

74 

81 

82 

71 

74 

52 

44 

6.  .  .  . 

33 

12 

18 

34 

38 

56 

68 

66 

61 

46 

38 

27 

6.... 

47 

30 

34 

47 

48 

77 

80 

82 

73 

60 

6i 

39 

7.  .  .  . 

3? 

19 

24 

37 

41 

56 

67 

69 

54 

41 

34 

19 

7.... 

47 

36 

38 

44 

.50 

72 

79 

88 

71 

57 

46 

33 

8 

m 

31 

36 

32 

42 

62 

63 

72 

52 

48 

31 

20 

8.... 

43 

48 

45 

44 

ft2 

80 

70 

78 

62 

63 

53 

45 

9 

3fi 

11 

34 

2ft 

4.1 

63 

62 

72 

53 

4(: 

40 

15 

9..  .. 

47 

40 

46 

39 

ft8 

79 

75 

83 

69 

50 

5V 

38 

10 

33 

f 

31 

27 

43 

59 

60 

67 

48 

41 

43 

10 

10.... 

49 

24 

4ft 

44 

55 

74 

65 

80 

61 

65 

60 

20 

11 

9 

7 

3ft 

34 

44 

60 

58 

66 

43 

4ft 

40 

9 

11..  .. 

33 

24 

48 

61 

62 

67 

66 

82 

60 

65 

66 

2b 

12 

7 

.1 

3(1 

40 

41 

59 

60 

6ft 

49 

4A 

40 

17 

12..  .. 

23 

1ft 

ftl 

56 

67 

75 

71 

83 

70 

59 

58 

26 

13 

17 

r 

27 

35 

4.1 

58 

67 

68 

,53 

36 

36 

19 

13 

44 

24 

46 

48 

56 

67 

81 

83 

74 

54 

46 

36 

14 

?3 

If 

31 

32 

4fl 

58 

65 

67 

59 

41 

36 

17 

14 

.50 

36 

39 

52 

70 

76 

81 

78 

73 

69 

58 

31 

15 

17 

22 

34 

34 

4H 

60 

68 

70 

69 

,5( 

42 

11 

15.... 

26 

36 

44 

47 

60 

72 

75 

81 

69 

67 

63 

23 

16 

19 

2S 

32 

37 

47 

68 

68 

69 

66 

54 

36 

12 

16.... 

31 

35 

46 

51 

61 

73 

85 

80 

65 

67 

44 

24 

17 

17 

24 

34 

36 

44 

53 

70 

69 

52 

45 

36 

18 

17 

32 

40 

47 

68 

66 

71 

87 

86 

68 

58 

52 

32 

18 

2ft 

29 

26 

41 

47 

57 

70 

61 

56 

52 

39 

23 

18..  .. 

39 

48 

41 

69 

70 

77 

80 

80 

76 

57 

61 

3b 

19 

19 

24 

2(1 

46 

53 

64 

70 

65 

69 

53 

31 

27 

19 

31 

34 

31 

69 

76 

81 

77 

81 

79 

66 

42 

39 

20 

?,0 

31 

22 

4ft 

53 

64 

69 

67 

61 

4(1 

34 

32 

20 

38 

42 

52 

.50 

82 

79 

83 

84 

83 

53 

46 

40 

21 

9.7 

24 

33 

48 

52 

64 

70 

68 

60 

37 

39 

28 

21 

37 

37 

49 

68 

70 

80 

81 

86 

77 

52 

46 

4b 

22 

?,ft 

23 

32 

ft2 

48 

65 

66 

68 

53 

3H 

42 

22 

22 

48 

38 

60 

67 

63 

87 

86 

80 

66 

59 

53 

42 

23 

18 

27 

36 

ft3 

48 

68 

70 

66 

48 

46 

38 

15 

23.... 

31 

43 

48 

73 

64 

84 

8() 

76 

61 

54 

53 

34 

24 

24 

30 

43 

46 

47 

64 

70 

70 

60 

44 

27 

30 

24 

36 

47 

55 

55 

61 

84 

86 

83 

60 

57 

38 

42 

25 

26 

19 

39 

39 

4ft 

60 

70 

63 

65 

41 

20 

24 

25.... 

38 

33 

51 

.54 

60 

78 

84 

82 

70 

52 

30 

40 

26.... 

19 

30 

41 

40 

48 

63 

71 

56 

56 

40 

21 

19 

26..,. 

33 

64 

51 

47 

68 

78 

85 

74 

75 

56 

31 

2V 

27 

13 

38 

39 

40 

54 

65 

73 

61 

56 

53 

IS 

12 

27.... 

27 

5ft 

61 

54 

69 

82 

90 

82 

75 

66 

31 

2b 

28... 

26 

28 

3ft 

49. 

46 

67 

66 

63 

61 

48 

27 

8 

28.... 

43 

39 

47 

55 

65 

81 

80 

80 

72 

60 

38 

3; 

29.... 

31 

40 

42 

48 

65 

66 

68 

56 

47 

31 

-  6 

29.... 

44 

51 

59 

69 

79 

81 

83 

70 

61 

4b 

H 

30. . . . 

3.-) 

3ft 

41 

51 

59 

75 

66 

52 

35 

38 

-13 

30. . . . 

49 

,  , 

.52 

60 

73 

78 

95 

81 

67 

6b 

4b 

4 

31.... 

35 

79 

41 
"32 

I9 

51 

46 

60 

80 
67 

63 

66 

29 

-  7 

"Ii 

31.... 

Means 

44 

lo 

le 

64 
45 

55 

64 
61 

■  * 

"76 

98 

"si 

75 
82 

"to 

46 
"59 

"48 

b 

Means 

26 

45 

34 

32 

DAILY   MAXIMUM   WIND   VELOCITIES,    1917,   AT   NEW   YORK. 


Day. 

s 

51 

i 
12 

0. 
< 

29 

30 

6 
"25 

>, 

3 

■-J 

"36 

< 
46 

1 

25 

0 
44 

% 
21 

d 

Q 
48 

Day. 

i 

fa 

0. 
< 

i 

CI 
3 
>-> 

27 

3 
"29 

< 
25 

24 

0 
24 

i 
•a 

56 

Q 

1 

?8 

18.... 

.50 

30 

63 

29 

33 

24 

2 

26 

.56 

13 

32 

60 

16 

50 

48 

19 

26 

26 

68 

19.... 

.53 

26 

72 

25 

34 

24 

30 

21 

20 

40 

49 

Itt 

3 

60 

61 

12 

44 

40 

48 

29 

25 

28 

31 

35 

31 

20.... 

26 

42 

44 

22 

44 

32 

27 

34 

22 

42 

22 

lb 

4 

30 

42 

30 

28 

23 

38 

17 

2ft 

33 

30 

27 

17 

21.... 

29 

33 

28 

47 

27 

24 

23 

21 

29 

18 

18 

22 

5 

31 

70 

44 

46 

31 

32 

17 

18 

28 

34 

22 

25 

22.... 

68 

53 

28 

33 

27 

30 

40 

24 

28 

30 

26 

3b 

6 

60 

40 

44 

44 

26 

26 

23 

23 

33 

42 

62 

27 

23.... 

31 

33 

40 

28 

-39 

28 

20 

23 

23 

3b 

20 

32 

7 

41 

31 

32 

68 

18 

26 

17 

15 

19 

24 

37 

30 

24.... 

16 

38 

60 

27 

49 

32 

16 

52 

18 

61 

40 

3/ 

8 

40 

36 

36 

42 

17 

60 

25 

27 

26 

31 

37 

50 

25.... 

45 

35 

28 

28 

43 

20 

16 

35 

20 

42 

4b 

39 

9 

32 

66 

40 

56 

48 

28 

21 

24 

24 

28 

36 

62 

26.... 

51 

33 

28 

26 

28 

34 

28 

31 

25 

28 

48 

32 

10 

33 

60 

32 

67 

58 

31 

22 

31 

33 

20 

37 

68 

27.... 

23 

34 

63 

26 

27 

39 

37 

26 

34 

54 

3b 

16 

11 

50 

37 

31 

48 

56 

32 

25 

12 

23 

17 

22 

37 

28.... 

16 

19 

51 

33 

32 

18 

29 

26 

22 

49 

32 

49 

12 

45 

44 

58 

30 

38 

16 

43 

15 

23 

.56 

30 

21 

29.... 

27 

53 

24 

25 

41 

39 

37 

23 

42 

22 

38 

13.... 

51 

29 

36 

35 

32 

Ifi 

30 

23 

15 

30 

18 

39 

30. . . . 

44 

47 

16 

25 

34 

36 

23 

51 

62 

2b 

31 

14. . . . 

66 

20 

25 

25 

42 

42 

46 

26 

18 

39 

18 

88 

31.... 

21 

24 

30 

33 

22 

31 

37 

15.... 

27 

21 

46 

34 

48 

24 

29 

19 

22 

33 

44 

44 



— 



— 

— - 









— 

16.... 

24 

55 

36 

43 

27 

23 

22 

26 

23 

25 

41 

16 

Month 

68 

70 

72 

68 

68 

50 

SO 

52 

61 

62 

bb 

88 

17. . . . 

42 

28 

52 

22 

28 

43 

34 

33 

19 

23 

26 

26 

84 


New  York  City  Weather  Records  for  1917 — Continued. 


MONTHLY 

AND 

ANNUAL    PRECIPITATION    AT 

NEW 

YORK, 

1871-1 

917. 

YEAR. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April, 

May, 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec, 

An'ual 

1871.... 

1.15 

3.86 

4,90 

3.41 

4.49 

7,14 

3.60 

5.48 

2.13 

7.07 

4.33 

1.24 

48.80 

1872.... 

i.40 

1.45 

3.93 

2.49 

2.44 

2,94 

9.45 

6.13 

3.44 

3.53 

5,04 

2.54 

45.78 

1873.... 

5.05 

1.73 

1.92 

3.05 

4.08 

1,29 

4.15 

7.66 

2.51 

2.47 

4,01 

2.06 

39,98 

1874 

4.82 

2.41 

1.88 

7.02 

2.16 

2,87 

3,22 

2.53 

7.21 

1.82 

2,21 

1.69 

39,84 

1875.... 

2.87 

3.23 

4.25 

3,21 

1.47 

]  .66 

5.23 

10.42 

2,51 

3.13 

4,43 

2.78 

45,19 

1876.... 

1.21 

5.39 

7.90 

3.79 

3.94 

2.87 

5,72 

2,97 

5,24 

1.68 

4.40 

2.29 

47,40 

1877.... 

3.55 

1.67 

6.65 

3.18 

0.73 

3,31 

3.86 

2,54 

1,33 

7.69 

5.48 

0.95 

40,94' 

1878.... 

4.53 

3.40 

4.02 

1.93 

3.73 

2,91 

5.26 

7,30 

3,20 

1.71 

3.74 

4.93 

46,66 

1879.. .. 

3.05 

2.74 

2.04 

4.06 

2.23 

3,42 

3.39 

5,17 

1,45 

0.58 

2.22 

5,86 

36,21 

1880. . . . 

2.19 

2.11 

4.66 

3.18 

0.82 

1,69 

6.67 

4,40 

2,26 

2.81 

2.40 

4,15 

37,34 

1881... 

5.41 

5.06 

6.78 

1.00 

2.33 

6.23 

1.31 

1,56 

1,38 

2.10 

2,87 

4,37 

40.40 

1882 .... 

6.15 

4.33 

2.32 

2.15 

4,21 

2,82 

2.75 

1,63 

14,51 

1.69 

1.80 

2,22 

46.61 

1883 .... 

3.22 

4.58 

1.63 

3.82 

3,03 

4,00 

3.37 

2.29 

3:57 

4.27 

1.65 

3,40 

38.83 

1884.... 

6.07 

5.09 

4.43 

2.66 

4,35 

4.16 

6,14 

8,56 

0.15 

3.63 

3.44 

6.66 

55,34 

1885.... 

3.50 

6.09 

1.19 

2.44 

2,22 

1,86 

3,04 

7.70 

0.72 

5.62 

5.05 

2.69 

42.12 

1886.... 

5.02 

5.90 

3.54 

4.95 

6.53 

3,01 

2,57 

1.18 

.1.79 

3.90 

4.61 

3.73 

46.73 

1887.... 

4.19 

5.26 

3,51 

3.67 

0,99 

7.70 

6.75 

3.66 

2,30 

2.36 

2.04 

4.20 

46.63 

1888.... 

5.14 

4.03 

5.64 

3.57 

4.87 

1,68 

1.27 

6,35 

7,40 

4.14 

4.81 

4.05 

52,95 

1889.... 

5.38 

3.07 

4,09 

5,90 

3,25 

2,38 

9,63 

3,39 

7,43 

2.53 

9,82 

1.81 

58.68 

1890.... 

2.95 

3.86 

6,67 

2.58 

3,11 

4.19 

3,96 

4,06 

8,21 

6.46 

0,82 

5,43 

52,30 

1891.... 

5.73 

4.69 

4.22 

2.37 

3,10 

1.18 

4.11 

5.87 

2,12 

2.69 

2,06 

3,30 

41,44 

1892 

5.61 

1.27 

4,62 

2.36 

4,30 

2.97 

2.45 

3,90 

0,87 

0,63 

8,28 

1.64 

38,90 

1893.. 

3.56 

7.81 

4,47 

0,36 

5,06 

2.56 

1.26 

7,18 

2,27 

5,28 

3,71 

3.49 

53.01 

1894. . . . 

2.70 

5.15 

1,69 

2,51 

3,90 

0.86 

2.89 

1,54 

8,04 

5,83 

3,83 

5.23 

44,17 

1895   . . . 

5.62 

0.82 

2.80 

2,92 

2,04 

2.57 

4.40 

4.12 

0,95 

4.04 

3,58 

1.87 

35.73 

1896.... 

1.25 

5.50 

6.13 

1,24 

2,01 

6.38 

4,45 

2.46 

3.04 

1.71 

2,12 

1.70 

37.99 

1897.... 

3.51 

2.72 

2.51 

2.96 

5.30 

2,98 

9,52 

3.14 

1.64 

0.72 

4,44 

4.83 

44.27 

1898.... 

3.95 

4.06 

2,92 

3.23 

5.55 

1,28 

4,76 

3.12 

1.28 

6.14 

5,90 

2.93 

45.12 

1899.... 

4.08 

5.46 

6,78 

1.23 

1.14 

1,83 

6,20 

3,90 

5.89 

2.05 

2,13 

1,37 

42.06 

1900,... 

4.18 

5.16 

3,18 

2,06 

4.05 

3,36 

4,33 

2.69 

2.36 

4.17 

4,26 

1.98 

41.78 

1901 

2.07 

0.86 

5,18 

6,82 

7.01 

0,94 

5,41 

6.88 

2.33 

2.20 

1,31 

6.05 

47.06 

1902 

2.28 

5.78 

4,32 

3,51 

1.23 

5.91 

3.12 

3.29 

3.59 

6.66 

1,19 

6.19 

47.07 

1903 .... 

3.44 

3.-83 

3,65 

2,88 

0.33 

7,42 

3,23 

5.96 

2.60 

11.55 

0,90 

2,81 

48.60 

1904 

3.38 

2.18 

3,44 

3.94 

1.61 

2,70 

4,31 

7.13 

3.18 

3.21 

2,62 

3,87 

41.57 

1905. . . . 

3.93 

2.79 

3.65 

2.45 

1.12 

4,18 

6,01 

5.23 

7,11 

2.67 

1,67 

3,67 

44.48 

1906.  .•.  . 

2.98 

2.57 

5,58 

5.78 

4.67 

1,70 

3,21 

3.68 

2,54 

4,30 

1,28 

3,53 

41,82 

1907 

3.26 

2.52 

3.80 

3,89 

4,08 

3,29 

1,18 

2.48 

8,00 

3,82 

5,05 

3,91 

45,28 

1908 

3.84 

5.36 

2.15 

1,82 

9,10 

1,70 

4,33 

5,65 

1,60 

1,92 

0,75 

3,21 

41.43 

1909 

3.33 

4.31 

3,19 

5,93 

1,72 

3,17 

1,98 

7.94 

2,66 

0,74 

1.58 

5,00 

41,55 

1910 

5.61 

4.07 

0,86 

4.53 

1.66 

5.10 

0,23 

2,13 

1,43 

3,79 

4,62 

1.95 

35,98 

1911 

2.27 

3.17 

2,87 

3,06 

0,91 

4.63 

1,55 

7,38 

1,51 

5,38 

4,22 

3.39 

40,34 

1912 

1.86 

2.06 

5,68 

3,61 

3,94 

1.17 

3,26 

2,77 

3,38 

4.32 

2,21 

4.24 

38,50 

1913.... 

2.77 

2.18 

5,17 

5,32 

2,51 

1.43 

3.02 

1,84 

5,28 

10,56 

1,91 

2.40 

44,39 

1914... 

3.69 

3.27 

4,55 

2,67 

1,97 

1.83 

5.13 

2,18 

0,20 

1,92 

2,08 

4.01 

33,50 

1915... 

5.61 

5.03 

1,14 

2.10 

3,23 

3,66 

4,60 

5.37 

2.52 

2.25 

1.09 

*,23 

40.83 

1916. . .. 

1.08 

4.49 

3,71 

3.28 

3,49 

3.94 

3,44 

0.59 

2,98 

0.63 

1,57 

3,97 

33.17 

1917... . 

2.44 

1.70 

3,38 

2.35 

3,29- 

5,57 

5,96 

1.79 

2,74 

5,68 

0.68 

3.70 

39,28 

Means 

3.66 

3.70 

3,91 

3.39 

3.18 

3,24 

4,16 

4.37 

3.42 

3.70 

3,20 

3.44 

43,30 

DAILY    PREVAILING    WIND    DIRECTION,    1917,    AT    NEW    YORK. 


Day. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 : 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28.... 

29 

30 

31 

Prevailing. . 


Jan. 


sw 
w-nw 

82 

nw 

e 

nw 
sw 
sw 
sw 
sw 
nw 
nw 

s 
nw 
nw 
nw 

w 
sw-w 
nw 
.  s 

te 
nw 
nw 
sw 
sw 
nw 
nw 

n 

e 

w 

e 


nw 


Feb. 


nw 
nw 
w-nw 
sw 
nw 

w 
sw 
sw 
nw 

w 
nw 
nw 
sw 

w 

n 

w 

s 
nw 

e 

sw 

nw 

n-nw 

s 

nw 
nw 

s 
sw 

n 


Mar, 


n-nw 

n 

ne 

ne 

ne 
nw 

se 
s-w 
nw 
nw 

sw 
nw 
nw 

e 

nw 
nw 
se-s 
w-nw 
nw 

sw 

n 

n 

s 
nw 

se 

se 

se 

w 

w 
nw 
sw 


nw 


April 


sw 
ne 
nw 
nw 

e 

w 
nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 

e 

nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 

s 

sw 
ne 

se 

e 
nw 

w 

n 
ne 

e 

nw 
nw 

se 

e 


May. 


e 

w 
nw 
■    s 
ne 
ne 

s 

e 
nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 

n 

nw 
nw 
nw 

n 

s 

s 
nw 

s 

e 
nw 

w 
nw 
sw 
ne-3 

e 
nw 

n 

s 


nw 


June. 


se 

6 
W 

s 

s 
se 

s 
w 

3 

s 

se 

se 

se 

se 

e 

nw 

nw 

sw 

se-sw 

s 

s 

s 

s 
n-w 

n 

s 

w 

n 

se 

w 


July. 


s 

sw 
sw 

n 
ne 

s 

s 

e 
ne 

e 
.  e 

s 

sw 
sw 
sw 

w 
sw 
sw 

s 
sw 

s 
sw 

s 

s 

e 

B 

nw 
nw 
sw 
w 
nw 


sw 


Aug. 


n 

sw 
nw 
n 
ne 

sw 
se 

8 
S 

nw 
ne-e 
n-3 

s 

s 

s 

s 

sw 
nw 

s 
sw 

s 

e 

e 

s 
nw 

w 
sw 

s 
sw 

3 

se 


s 


Sept. 


e 
s 

nw 
n 
n 
sw 
s 
e 

sw 

n 

n 

n-sw 

3 

ne 
e 

ne 
ne 
nw 

3 

nw 
nw 
n 
ne 
ne 
ne 
nw 
sw 
sw 
sw 
nw 


Oct. 


nw 

3 

3 

SW 

e 
nw 

3 

s 
n-ne 
ne 
n 
se 
w 

3 
SW 

nw 

n-3 

"  se 

s 
nw 

n 

n 

e 

e 

w 

8 

sw 
nw 

8 
3 
W 


Nov. 


nw 
nw 
nw 

n 

n 

nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 

s 
sw-nw 

n 

n 

nw 
nw 
nw 
sw 
nw 
sw 

e 

se 

n 

nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 
nw 

se 

e 


nw 


Dec. 


nw 

nw 

nw 
n 

nw 

ne 
n-nw 
e  - 

w 

w 

nw 

ne 

ne 

w 

nw 

n 

ne 

np, 

ne 

sw 

sw 

nw 

sw 

sw 

nw 

n 

ne 

nw 
n-nw 

n 

n 


nw 


New  York  City  Weather  Records  for  1917 — Continued. 


85 


MONTHLY   AND   ANNUAL   MEAN   TEMPERATURES   AT   NEW   YORK.    1871-1917. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

An'ua 

1871... 

30.4 

31.8 

43.6 

53.6 

60.8 

69.1 

71.9 

73.0 

00.8 

54.9 

39.3 

29.7 

51.6 

1872.... 

29.4 

30.3 

28.9 

47.3 

61.1 

70.6 

76.0 

75.5 

65.2 

55.3 

40.4 

27.4 

50.6 

18V3... . 

28.1 

28.8 

35.6 

45.7 

56.0 

68.8 

73.5 

71.4 

64.9 

55.3 

37.3 

36.3 

50.2 

1874. . . . 

34.5 

31.4 

38.0 

41.3 

58.2 

70.0 

73.6 

70.6 

68.1 

55.1 

42.8 

33.8 

51.4 

1875.... 

25.3 

23.2 

32.6 

42.6 

58.5 

67.6 

72.7 

71.9 

64.4 

52.3 

38.9 

33.0 

48.6 

1876.. .. 

33.9 

31.8 

35.2 

46.1 

58.0 

70.7 

76.4 

72.5 

ei.8 

49.7 

44.5 

25.1 

50.5 

1877.... 

27.6 

35.6 

36.6 

48. 0 

59.0 

68.8 

73.8 

74.3 

66.2 

58.6 

45.5 

39.3 

52.6 

1878.... 

32.1 

34.6 

43.8 

52.7 

58.2 

65.8 

74.6 

72.9 

C7.0 

57.4. 

43 .6 

32.4 

52.9 

1879.... 

26.8 

27.6 

38.4 

45.9 

60.8 

08.8 

73.1 

70.9 

63.2 

59.8 

43.1 

37.3 

51.3 

1880...  . 

39.8 

36.3 

35.7 

48.7 

64.8 

70.7 

73.2 

70.7 

65.7 

53.8 

39,7 

27.7 

52.2 

1881.... 

25.8 

29.5 

36.9 

46.0 

60.2 

64.2 

72.6 

73.1 

72.2 

59.1 

46.3 

40.7 

52,2 

1882 .... 

30.5 

35.6 

39.8 

46.1 

53.5 

68.2 

73,8 

71.7 

66.9 

58.5 

41.7 

32.2 

51.5 

1883.... 

27.8 

31.4 

33.6 

46.6 

59.1 

69.5 

73,3 

70.8 

63. 1 

53.7 

45.0 

33.7 

50.6 

1884. . . . 

28.2 

35.1 

37.5 

47.6 

58.8 

68.7 

70,1 

71.5 

69.6 

56.1 

43.2 

34.6 

51.6 

1885.... 

29.2 

23.1 

29.7 

47.7 

56.2 

67.3 

74.2 

70.8 

64.1 

54.5 

44.8 

36.0 

49.8 

1386 

28.5 

28.5 

36.9 

50.3 

5S .  5 

65.6 

72.9 

71.0, 

67.1 

56.5 

45.3 

30.8 

51.0 

1887 .... 

30.1 

33.7 

34.3 

47.7 

02.9 

68.2 

76.7 

71.4 

63.1 

54.7 

43.7 

36.1 

51.9 

1S88.... 

26.0 

31.8 

32.9 

48.4 

59.3 

71.8 

72.6 

74.8 

66.2 

51.2 

46.8 

36.0 

51.5 

1889 

37.6 

28.0 

41.5 

51.6 

62.0 

70.4 

73.5 

71.5 

65.8 

52.0 

46.9 

41.4 

53.5 

1890 

40.2 

40.4 

37.5 

51.0 

60.6 

70.4 

73.4 

72.3 

60. S 

55.5 

45.9 

31.4 

53.8 

1891..., 

34.7 

37.5 

37.8 

52.0 

59.9 

69.6 

70.8 

73,6 

70.1 

54.2 

43.8 

41.8 

53.8 

1892.... 

30.3 

33.0 

34.6 

49.9 

59.4 

72.0 

74.8 

73.9 

66.0 

55.4 

42.6 

31.3 

51.9 

1893.... 

23.3 

29.  C 

36.2 

47.8 

59.0 

69.4 

74.8 

74.4 

64 . 4 

57.6 

44.2 

35.1 

51.3 

1894.... 

34.6 

29.6 

44.5 

49.6 

60.8 

70.6 

76.1 

72.8 

69 . 8 

57.2 

42.2 

36.8 

53.7 

1895 

30.1 

25.2 

36.4 

47.7 

59.4 

70.0 

70.8 

73.8 

09.7 

51.0 

46.0 

36.9 

51.4 

1896 

27.6 

30.2 

32.1 

50.4 

63.8 

66.5 

73.4 

73.0 

64.8 

51.9 

48.0 

32.1 

51.2 

1897 

29.4 

32.6 

39.2 

48.6 

59.3 

65.2 

72.8 

71.0 

65.4 

56.3 

44.1 

35.8 

51.6 

1898 

32.2 

33.0 

43.7 

46.8 

66.6 

68.9 

74.1 

74.3 

63.9 

57.6 

44.6 

34.4 

52.9 

1899 

30.8 

26.9 

3S.4 

49.6 

61.0 

72.2 

73.8 

73.6 

65.2 

58.2 

45.4 
48.7 

36.4 

52.6 

1900 

33.2 

31.6 

35.0 

51.1 

60.8 

71.4 

76.4 

76.8 

70.8 

60.8 

35.2 

54.3 

1901.... 

31.5 

25.6 

38.6 

49.4 

58.6 

71.4 

78.1 

75.6 

68.4 

56.0 

39.7 

34.4 

62.3 

1902 .... 

29.2 

28.5 

44.0 

50.6 

60.2 

68.2 

73.6 

71.4 

65.9 

56.9 

50.0 

32.2 

52.6 

1903.... 

30.6 

34.4 

47.5 

52.2 

64.1 

64.0 

74.2 

69.2 

65.4 

56.6 

41.4 

30.1 

52.5 

1904 

24.1 

25.0 

36.4 

46.4 

63.6 

69.2 

73.6 

72.2 

65.9 

53.3 

41.4 

28.2 

49.9 

1905 

27.5 

24.6 

40.0 

49.8 

60.5 

68.8 

75.4 

72.2 

66.8 

56.9 

43.8 

37.7 

52.0 

1906 

37.3 

31.2 

34.9 

61.7 

61.8 

71.5 

74.8 

75.3 

70.2 

56.1 

44.9 

32.7 

63.5 

1907 

32.2 

24.4 

40.8 

45.0 

55.3 

66.2 

74.8 

72.0 

67^.8 

52.5 

45.2 

37.8 

51.2 

1908 

32.0 

28.1 

41.4 

50.6 

61.3 

71.6 

76.  S 

72.5 

67.8 

59.6 

■44.7 

35.2 

53.5 

1909. .  .. 

33.2 

37.3 

38.3 

49.5 

60.4 

70.5 

73.4 

71.6 

65.6 

53.2 

47.7 

31.4 

52.7 

1910 

32.4 

31.4 

44.7 

54.0 

60.2 

68,0 

77.8 

72.2 

68 . 4 

58.2 

41.6 

28.0 

53.1 

1911 

34.8 

31.4 

37.6 

48.2 

63.6 

68.3 

76.0 

71.8 

66 . 6 

55.6 

41.4 

39.2 

52.9 

1912 

23.5 

28.4 

36.8 

49.0 

60.7 

68.4 

74.0 

70.7 

65.9 

58.6 

46.6 

38.5 

51.8 

1913 

40.0 

30.9 

44.0 

51.0 

60.2 

69.2 

75.0 

72.7 

64.6 

58.2 

46.9 

38.8 

54.3 

1914 

31.4 

26.3 

35.8 

46.0 

63.6 

67.6 

71.1 

73.7 

66.2 

59.0 

44.0 

31.5 

51.3 

1915 

34.1 

35.2 

36.4 

53.4 

57.7 

66.6 

72.5 

70.4 

69.0 

56.7 

45.4 

33.5 

52.6 

1916 

35.4 

27.7 

32.2 

47.1 

59.8 

64.2 

73.8 

73.6 

66.0 

57.2 

44.8 

33.8 

51.3 

1917.... 

32.4 

27.8 

38.7 

47.2 

53.2 

68.3 

74.1 

74.6 

63.0 

52.0 

41.2 

25.0 

49.8 

Means 

31.0 

30.5 

37.8 

48.7 

59.8 

68.8 

74.0 

72.6 

66.4 

55.7 

43.9 

34.0 

51.9 

.  ;  -  SNOW-COVERED   GROUND   AT   NEW    YORK,    1893-1917. 

0.1  Inch  or  more  including  sleet  at  8  P.  M.     Monthly,  total  number  of  days  and  maximum   depth 
(Inches).     Seasonal,  total  number  of  days  and  maximum  number  of  coii.sccutive  days. 


Ocr.       1 

Nov.      1 

Dec. 

Jan. 

FEB. 

March. 

APHLL. 

Season. 

Season. 

Tot. 

Max. 

Tot.l 

Max. 

Tot. 

Max. 

Tot. 

Max. 

Tot. 

Max. 

Tot. 

Max. 

Tot. 

Max . 

Tot. 

Cons. 

/ 

Dys. 

De'th 

Dys. 

De'fn 

Dys. 

De'th 

Dys. 

De'th 

Dys. 

De'th 

Dys. 

De'th 

Dys. 

De'th 

Dys. 

Days 

1893-94 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

1.7 

8 

5.0 

21 

12.0 

1 

0.7 

0 

0 

34 

14 

1894-95 .... 

0 

0 

n 

0 

6 

5.5 

13 

4.7 

26 

9.9 

4 

2.5 

0 

0 

49 

29 

1895-96 ... 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

2.0 

14 

2.4 

20 

14.1 

2 

1.7 

44 

15 

1896-97 

0 

0 

1 

2.6 

21 

7.8 

13 

10.0 

14 

6.6 

2 

0.6 

0 

0 

51 

18 

1897-98 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

2.0 

H 

5.2 

10 

6.0 

1 

0.5 

2 

2.5 

26 

16 

1898-99  

0 

0 

7 

9.8 

n 

8.2 

5 

4.8 

22 

24.0 

■A 

5.0 

0 

0 

48 

19 

1899-00 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0.3 

7 

9.8 

5 

6.0 

0 

0 

15 

6 

1900-01 .... 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0.3 

4 

2.0 

17 

2.6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

23 

18 

1901-02 .... 

0 

0 

1 

0,5 

8 

0.8 

13 

5.5 

25 

9.3 

5 

6.7 

0 

0 

52 

17 

1902-03 .... 

0 

0 

0 

0 

15 

4.7 

6 

4.8 

13 

9.0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

34 

13 

1903-04 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

3.6 

26 

8.8 

14 

4.1 

3 

0.8 

0 

0 

56 

29 

1904-05 .... 

0 

0 

0 

0 

27 

11.8 

14 

9.0 

28 

8.5 

17 

2.0 

0 

0 

86 

53 

1905-06 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

6 

2.0 

5 

3.8 

13 

8.0 

0 

0 

24 

13 

1906-07 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0.1 

10 

5.8 

28 

11.2 

16 

7.1 

2 

4.8 

6V 

60 

1907-08 

0 

0 

n 

0 

7 

2.1 

9 

9.6 

18 

4.2 

2 

2.3 

0 

0 

36 

23 

1908-09 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

3.1 

13 

3.6 

6 

3.2 

4 

3.3 

0 

0 

31 

10 

1909-10 

0 

0 

2 

1.3 

7 

9.8 

22 

10.4 

6 

4.0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

36 

27 

1910-11 

0 

0 

0 

0 

IS 

7.0 

4 

1.0 

15 

5.0 

1.2 

0 

0 

39 

18 

1911-12 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

6.0 

16 

2.9 

5 

1.4 

3 

1.3 

0 

0 

29 

8 

1912-13 

0 

0 

1 

0.5 

6 

11.0 

0 

0 

6 

1.0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

6 

1913-14 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0.2 

3 

0.4 

18 

12.0 

15 

13.0 

0 

0 

37 

30 

1914-15 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

0.4 

2 

0.9 

4 

3.4 

4 

5.6 

3 

9.0 

18 

4 

1915-16 

0 

0 

0 

0 

11 

5.0 

3 

0.3 

23 

5.3 

23 

10.6 

2 

1.0 

62 

23 

1916-17 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

12.0 

8 

1.3 

7 

3.6 

11 

6.5 

1 

1.4 

34 

11 

Means. .  . 

0 

..■;.i 

8 

9 

15 

6 

.... 

39 

86 


Medical  Aspects  of  the  Tobacco  Habit. 


NEW  YORK. CITY  WEATHER  RECORDS^FOR  1917— Continued. 
EXTREMES   OF   PRESSURE   AND   TEMPERATURE   AT   NEW   YORK,    1872-1917. 


Pres 

3URE. 

TEMPERATURE. 

MONTH. 

High- 
est. 

Date. 

Lowest. 

Date. 

Maxi- 
mum. 

Date. 

Mini- 
mum. 

Date. 

January 

30.92 
30.94 
30.95 
30.68 
30.52 
30.56 
30.51 
30.43 
30.61 
30.66 
30.80 
30.93 

2,  1899 

5,  1887 

18,  1913 

13,  1911a 

18,  19146 
2,  1883 

21,  1892 
9,  1904 
7.  1888 

17,  1883 

19,  1891 
28,  1896 

28.61 
28.99 
28.38 
29.14 
29.13 
29.34 
29.46 
29.28 
29.34 
29.15 
28.70 
28.97 

3,  1913 
17,  1902 

1,  1914 

2,  1884 

4,  1893 
26,  1902 

3,  1909 
24,  1893 
23,  1885 
10,  1894 
13,  1904 
26,  1909 

67 
69 
78 
91 
95 
97 
99 
98 
100 
88 
74 
68 

12,  1890 

5,  1890 

30.  1910 
27,  1915 

31,  1895 

6,  1899 
3,  1898 
1,  1917 

7,  1881 
1.  1881d 
1.  1882e 

23,  1891 

—  6 

—  6 
3 

20 
31 
45 
50 
61 
39 
31 
7 
—13 

10,  1875 

February 

March 

11.  1899c 
5,  1872 

April. 

5,  1874 

May 

1,  1880/ 

June 

2,  1907 

July 

15,  1873 

August 

27,  1885 

September 

30,  1912 

October 

15,  1876fl 

30,  1875 

December 

30,  1917 

(a)  Also  In  1895,  12th  day.     (6)  Also  in  1903.  2d  day.     (c)  Also  in  1896,  17th  day.     (rf)  Also  in  1879. 
16th  day.     (e)  Also  in  1909,  12th  day.     (/)  Also  in  1876,  1st  day.     (g)  Also  In  1914,  28th  day. 

WIND    VELOCITY    AT   NEW   YORK.    1898-1917. 

(Highest  in  miles  per  hour,  direction  and  date.) 


Month. 


January. . 
February. 
March .  .  . 

April 

May 

June 


Max. 
Veloc'y 

Direc- 
tion. 

Day. 

Year. 

86 

sw 

3 

1913 

96 

sw 

22 

1912 

84 

nw 

1 

1914 

84 

nw 

23 

1912 

90 

nw 

27 

1914 

/72 

nw 

8 

1902 

\72 

n 

16 

1911 

Month. 


July 

August. . . . 

September . 

October .  .  . 
November. 
December . 


Max. 

Direc- 

Day. 

Veloc'y 

tion. 

88 

nw 

23 

76 

nw 

12 

/72 

sw 

7 

172 

nw 

26 

76 

nw 

16 

76 

w 

21 

90 

nw 

26 

Year. 


1914 
1900 
1898 
1915 
1900 
1900 
1915 


EXTREMES    OF   PRFCIPTTATION    AND    SNOWFALL   AT   NEW    YORK,    1884-1917. 


Precipitation. 

Snowfall.* 

Month 

Precipitation. 

Snowfall.* 

Month 

Greatest 
in  24  Hrs. 

Day. 

Year. 

Greatest 
in  24  Hrs. 

Day. 

Year. 

Greatest 
in  24  Hrs. 

Day. 

Year. 

Greatest 
in  24  Hrs. 

Day. 

Year. 

Jan .... 

2.48 
3.25 
3.60 
3.72 
.4.17 
3.88 

8-9 

11-12 

25-26 

5-6 

7-8 

14-15 

1884 
1886 
1876 
1886 
1908 
1917 

13.1 
17.8 
10.5 
10.2 
T. 
0 

14 

17-18 

12 

3-4 

6 

1910 
1893 
1888 
1915 
1891 

July.. . 
Aug . . . 
Sept... 
Oct ... . 
Nov. .  . 
Dec.  .  . 

3.80 
5.05 
6.17 
9.40 
^.62 
/2.93 

26 

16-17 

23 

8-9 

15-16 

13-14 

1872 
1909 
1882 
1903 
1892 
1909 

0 
0 
0 
T. 

8.8 
14.0 

Feb .  .  . 

March . 

April .  . 
May. .  . 
June. .  . 

11 
26-27 
26-27 

1906t 

1898 

1890 

*  Records  extending  to  winter  of  1884-5  only,    t  Also  in  1903,  26th  and  27th,  and  in  1885,  30th.    "T"> 
trace,  less  than  0.1  Inch. 

SEASONAL    SNOWFALL    AT    NEW    YORK. 


LSeason. 

i 

i 

1-5 

0 

a 
< 

i 

03 
a> 

Season . 

0 

0 

> 
0 

c5 

a 

Q 

a 

u 

d 

s 

a 
< 

a 

1884-85. 

0 

T. 

9.4 

4.6 

16.7 

5.9 

T. 

0 

.36.6 

1901-02. 

0 

06 

1.1 

9.4 

13,4 

6,8 

0 

0 

31.3 

1885-86. 

T. 

0.1 

0.3 

18.6 

4.7 

0.2 

T. 

0 

23.9 

1902-03. 

0 

0 

9.6 

59 

10  5 

0 

T 

0 

26  0 

1886-87. 

0 

T. 

21.9 

9.3 

11.9 

2.3 

4,1 

0 

49.5 

1903-04. 

T 

T 

7,7 

15,2 

5  6 

4  4 

0  1 

0 

33  0 

1887-88. 

0 

0.3 

9.0 

11.7 

3.5 

22.1 

T. 

0 

46.6 

1904-05. 

0 

0  5 

27,8 

19,3 

7  2 

3  0 

T. 

0 

,57,8 

1888-89. 

0 

0.9 

T. 

3.0 

7.0 

no 

0 

0 

21.9 

1905-06 . 

0 

T. 

0.7 

30 

5.0 

13,4 

T, 

0 

22.1 

1889-90. 

0 

0.1 

7.5 

T. 

4.0 

21.3 

1.2 

0 

34.1 

1906-07. 

T. 

T. 

0.5 

10,9 

21.1 

13  8 

6  1 

0 

,52.4 

1890-91. 

0 

T. 

19.3 

11.9 

4.2 

4.3 

T. 

T. 

39.7 

1907-08. 

0 

T 

44 

10  6 

13.7 

3  5 

T 

0 

32  2 

1891-92. 

0 

T. 

T. 

13.1 

0.5 

19.9 

30 

0 

36.5 

1908-09. 

0 

0.6 

5.1 

9  5 

1.4 

4  1 

T. 

0 

20  7 

1892-93. 

0 

12.3 

3.4 

20.3 

32.0 

0.6 

3.0 

0 

77.6 

1909-10. 

0 

1  0 

11  4 

16  6 

5  3 

0,4 

0 

0 

34.7 

.1893-94. 

0 

0 

8.0 

10.2 

37.9 

T. 

T. 

0 

.=>6.1 

1910-11. 

0 

T 

8,9 

1  1 

12  5 

2  8 

0.7 

0 

260 

1894-95. 

0 

0.7 

8.2 

12.3 

8.2 

5.K 

1.0 

0 

36.2 

1911-12. 

0 

1  0 

7,3 

9,0 

1  8 

4  2 

r. 

0 

23.3 

1895-96 . 

0 

T. 

T. 

3.0 

8.S 

28.5 

1.7 

0 

42.0 

1912-13. 

0 

0  8 

11.R 

0.3 

2,4 

0  1 

T. 

0 

15  4 

11896-97. 

0 

3.8 

12.6 

11.7 

8.8 

2.2 

T. 

0 

39.1 

1913-14. 

0 

0 

0.3 

1  2 

14  1 

21  5 

T, 

0 

37  1 

■1897-98. 

0 

1.5 

2.9 

8.7 

2.5 

1.9 

2.6 

0 

20.1 

1914-15. 

0 

0 

2.4 

4,0 

2,5 

7.7 

102 

0 

26.8 

1898-99. 

0 

14.0 

1.1 

6.1 

27.5 

9.6 

T. 

0 

,■18.3 

1915-16. 

0 

T. 

8.1 

0.7 

11.4 

23,8 

33 

0 

47.3 

1899-00 . 

0 

T. 

0.2 

0.8 

11.4 

7.7 

T. 

0 

20.1 

1916-17. 

0 

T 

13  7 

59 

12,2 

114 

6,5 

0 

49  7 

1900-01 . 

0 

T. 

0.5 

2.9 

5.8 

T. 

0 

0 

9.2 

1917-.. . 

0 

0.3 

11.7 

Note — "T,"  trace,  snow  less  than  0.1  inch. 


MEDICAL  ASPECTS  OP    THE  TOBACCO  HABIT. 

In  a  paper  read  before  the  Association  of  Health  Officers  of  Nova  Scotia,  D.  Fraser  Harris,  Professor  of 
Physiology  In  Dalhousie  University,  gives  a  resume  of  the  medical  aspects  of  the  tobacco  habit.  1.  The 
'substances  In  tobacco  smoke  which  are  injurious  are  probably  oxidation  products  of  nicotine  and  other 
alkaloids.  2.  The  smoking  of  tobacco  is  the  more  injurious  the  younger  the  person,  hence  young  recruits 
Buffer  more  readily  from  "tobacco  heart"  than  older  men.  3.  The  chewing  of  tobacco  is  much  more  Inju- 
rious than  the  smoking  of  it,  and  ought  to  be  discouraged.  4.  Since  what  is  injurious  In  tobacco  smoke  is 
absorbed  more  readily  by  inhaling  than  by  smoking  without  Inhaling,  inhaling  ought  to  be  discouraged. 
5.  There  is  a  marked  idiosyucrasy  toward  tobacco  in  respect  of  the  substances  which  raise  the  blood-pres- 
sure, cause  irregularity  of  the  heart  and  give  rise  to  gastric  acidity.  6.  Those  who  have  this  idiosyncrasy 
ought  not  to  use  tobacco  at  all.  7.  Those  who  do  not  have  this  idiosyncrasy  may  use  tobacco  In  modera* 
Uon  with  impunity. 


The  Metric  System. 


87 


STije  l^etric  cSgstem, 


(Prepared  for  the  U.  S.  Government  by  the  Bureau  of  Standards.  Department  of  Commerce.) 
UNITS    or    WEIGHT    AND    MEASURE. 

The  fundamental  unit  of  the  metric  system  is  the  meter,  the  unit  of  length.  From  this  the  units  of 
capacity  (liter)  and  of  weight  (gram)  were  derived.  All  other  units  are  the  decimal  subdivisions  or  multiples 
of  these.  These  tluee  units  are  simply  related,  e.  g.,  for  all  practical  purposes  1  cubic  decimeter  equals 
1  liter  and  1  Uter  of  weight  weighs  1  kilogram.  The  metric  tables  are  formed  by  combining  the  words  "meter," 
"gram,"  and  "liter"  with  the  six  numerical  prefixes,  as  in  the  iollov/ing  tcbies:  / 


l^REFKES.     Ivleanii'.g. 

Unit.i. 

(ir'KEFLKES.     Meaning. 

.  Units. 

milli-  =  one-ihousondlh 
centl-  =  one  hundredth 
deci-    =  one-tenth 
Unit    =  one 

.001 
.01 

.1 
1 

"meter"  for  length 
'gram"   for   weight 
or  mass. 

deka-  =te>i 

hecto-  =  one  hundred 

kilo-    =  one  thousand 

10 

100 
1000 

"liter"  for  capacity. 

All  lengths,  areas,  and  cubic  measures  in  the  following  tables  are  derived  from  the  international  meter, 
the  legal  eauivalent  being  1  meter  =  39.37  inches  (law  of  July  28,  1866).  In  1S93  the  United  States  Ofllce 
of  Standard  V/eights  and  Measures  was  authorized  to  derive  the  yard  from  the  meter,  using  for  the  purpose 
the  relation  legalized  in  13U6,  1  yard  =  3600-3937  meter.  The  customary  weights  are  likewise  referred  to 
the  kilogram  (Executive  order  approved  April  5,  1S93).  This  action  lixed  the  values,  inasmuch  as  the  refer- 
ence standards  are  as  perfect  and  unalterable  as  it  is  possible  for  human  skill  lo  make  them  at  this  time. 
All  capacities  are  based  ou  the  equivalent  1  liter  equals  1.000027  cubic  decimeters.  The  decimeter  is  equal 
to  3.937  inches  in  accordance  >vith  the  legal  equivalent  of  the  meter  given  above.  The  gallon  referred  to 
in  the  tables  is  the  United  States  gallon  of  231  cubic  inches.  The  bushel  is  the  United  States  bushel  of 
2,150.42  cubic  Indies.  These  units  must  not  be  confused  with  the  British  units  of  the  same  name,  which 
differ  from  those  used  in  the  United  States.  The  British  gallon  is  approximately  20  per  cent  larger  and 
the  British  bushel  3  per  cent  larger  than  the  corresponding  units  used  in  this  country.  The  cbstomary 
weights  derived  from  the  international  kilogram  are  based  on  the  value  1  avoirdupois  pound  =  453.5924277 
Erams.  The  value  of  the  troy  pound  is  based  upon  tlie  relation  just  mentioned  and  also  the  equivalent 
6760-7000  avoirdupois  pounds  equals  1  troy  pouiid. 


DEFINITIONS    OF    UNITS. 

LENGTH. 

Fvudamental  Units — A  meter  (m)  is  a  unit  of  length  equivalent  to  the  distance  between  the  defining 
lines  on  the  international  prototype  meter  at  the  International  Bureau  of  Weights  and  Measures  when  this 
standard  is  at  the  temperature  of  melting  ice  (o"  O). 

A  yard  (yd.)  is  a  unit  of  length  equivalent  to  3600-3937  of  a  meter. 


Multiples  and  su'omuUiples: 
1  Idlometer  =  1000   meters. 
1  hectometer  =  100  meters. 
1  dekameter  =  10  meters. 
1  decimeter  =  0.1    meter. 
1  centimeter  =  0.01    meter. 
1  millimeter  =  0.001  meter  =  0.1  centimeter. 
1  micron  =  0.000001  meter  =  0.001  millimeter. 
1  millimicron  =  0.000  000  001  meter  =  0.001  micron 
1  foot  =  1-3  yard  =  1200-3937  meter. 
1  Inch  =  1-36  yard  =  1-12  foot  =  100-3937  meter. 
1  link  =  0.22  yard  =  7.92  Inches. 


1  rod  =5-^  yards  =  16  H  feet. 

1  chain  =  22  yards  =  100  links  =  66  feet  =  4  rods. 

1  furlong  =  220    vards  =  40    rods  =  10    chains. 

1  statute  mile  =1760  yards  =  5280  feet  =  320  rods. 

1  hand  =  4  inches. 

1  point  =  1-72    inch. 

1  mil  =  0.001   inch. 

1  fathom  =  6  feet. 

1  span  =  9  inches  =  1-8  fathom. 

1  nautical  mile         f  United  States  =  6080.20  feet 

1  sea  mile  <       =1.151553  statute  miles 

1  geographical  mile  [      =  1853.249    meters. 


AREA. 


Fundamental  Units: 

A  square  meter  is  a  unit  of  area  equivalent  to  the 

area  of  a  square  the  sides  of  which  are  1  meter. 
A  square  yard  is  a  unit  of  area  equivalent  to  the 

area  of  a  square  the  sides  of  which  are  1  yard. 
Multiples  and  Subrr.uliiples: 

1  square  kilometer  =  1,000,000  .square  meters. 

1  hectare   or   square   hectometer  =  10,000   square 

meters. 
1  are  or  square  dekameter  =  100  square  meters. 
1  centare=  1  square  meter. 
1  square  decimeter  =  0.01  square  meter. 
1  square   centimeter  =  0.0001    square   meter. 


=  0.01 


1  square  millim.eter  =  0.000  001  square  meter  = 

square  centimeter. 
1  square  foot  =1-9  square  yard. 
1  square  inch  =  1-1298  square  yard  =  1-144  square 

loot. 
1  square  link  =  0.0484  square  yard  =  62.7264  square 

inches. 
1  square  rod  =  30.25  square  yards  =  272.25  square 

feet  =  625  square  links. 
1  square  chain  =  484  square  yards  =  16  square  rods 

=  100,000  square  links. 
1  acre  =  4840  square  yards  =  160  square  rods  =  10 

square  chains. 
1  square  mile  =  3,097,600  square  yards  =  640  acres. 


VOLUME. 


Fundamental  Units: 

A  cubic  meter  is  a  unit  of  volume  equivalent  to  a 
cube  the  edges  of  which  are  1  meter. 

A  cubic  yard  Is  a  unit  of  volume  equivalent  to  a 
cube  the  edges  of  which  are  1  yard. 
Multiples  and  Submultlples: 

1  cubic  kilometer  =1,000,000,000  cubic  meters. 

1  cubic  hectometer  =1,000,000  cubic  meters. 

1  cubic  dekameter  =  1000  cubic  meters. 

1  stere  =  1  cubic  meter. 


Fundamental  Units: 
A  liter  is  a  unit  of  capacity  equivalent  to  ttie  vol- 
ume occupied  by  the  mass  of  1  kilogram  of  pure 
water  at  Its  maximum  density  (at  a  tempera-, 
turc  of  4°  C,  practically)  and  under  the  standard 
atmospheric  pressure  (ol  760  mm).  It  is 
equivalent  In  volume  to  1.000027  cubic  deci- 
meters. 


1  cubic  decimeter  =  0.001  cubic  meter. 

1  cubic  centimeter  =  0.000001  cubic  meter  =  0.001 

cubic  dGclinstGr 
1  cubic    millimeter  =  0.000000001    cubic    meter  = 

0.001  cubic  centimeter. 
1  cubic  foot  =1^7  cubic  yard. 
1  cubic  inch  =1-46656  cubic  yard  =  1-1728  cubic 

foot. 
1  board  foot  =  144  cubic  Inches  =  1-12  cubic  foot. 
1  cord  =  128  cubic  feet. 
CAPACITY. 

,  A  gaUon  Is  a  unit  of  capacity  equivalent  to  the 

volume  of  231  cubic  inches.     It  is  used  for  the 

measurement  of  liquid  commodities  only. 

A  bushel  Is  a  unit  of  capacity  equivalent  to  the 

volume  of  2150.42  cubic  Inches.     It  Is  used  in 

the  measurement  of  dry  commodities  only. 

The  above  bushel  is  the  so-called  stricken  or  struck 

bushel.    Many  dry  commodities  are  sold  by  heaped 


88 


The  Metric  System— Continued. 


DEFINITIONS  OF  UNITS — Continued. 
CAPACITY. 


Fundamental  Units. 

bushel,  which  Is  generally  specified  in  the  State  laws 
to  be  the  usual  stricken  bushel  measuie  "duly 
heaped  in  the  form  of  a  cone  as  high  as  the  article 
wiU  admit"  or  "heaped  as  high  as  may  be  without 
special  effort  or  design."  The  heaped  bushel  was 
originally- intended  to, be  25  per  cent  greater  than 
the  stricken  bushel. 

Multiples  and  Submultiples: 
1  hectoliter    =  100  liters. 
1  dekaliter — 10  liter.?. 
1  deciliter  =  0.1  Utei. 
1  centUiter  =  0.01  liter. 

1  milliUter  =  0.001     liter  =  1.000027     cubic     centi- 
meters. 
1  liquid  quart  =  1-4  gallon  =  57.75  cubic  inches. 


liquid     quart  = 
pint  =  7.21875 


liquid     pint  =  1-8    gallon  =  1-2 

28.875  cubic  inches. 

gill  =  U32     gallon  =  1-4     liquid 

ciil)lc  inches 

fluid  ounce  =1-128  gallon  =  1-16  liquid  pint. 

fluid  dram  =  1-8  fluid  ounce  =1-128  liquid  pint. 

minim  =  1-60  fluid  dram  =  1-480  fluid  ounce. 

firkin  =  9  gallons. 

peck  =  1-4  bushel  =  537.605  cubic  Inches. 

dry   quart  =  1-32   bushel  =  1-8    peck  =  67.200625 

cubic  inches. 
1  dry  pint  =1-64  bushel  =  1-2  dry  quart  =  33. 600- 

3125  cubic  inches. 
1  barrel  (for  fruit,  vegetables  and  other  dry  com- 
modities) =  7056  cubic  inches  =  105  dry  quarts. 
The  barrel  capacity  was  fixed  by  United  States 
statute,  approved  March  4,  1915. 


MASS. 


Fundatnental  Units: 

A  kilogram  is  a  unit  of  mass  equivalent  to  the  mass 
of  the  international  prototype  kilogram  at  the 
International  Bureau  of  Weights  and  Measures. 

An  avoirdupois  pound  is  a  unit  of  mass  equivalent 
to  0.4535924277   kilogram. 

A  gram  is  a  unit  of  mass  equivalent  to  one-thous- 
andth of  the  mass  of  the  international  prototype 
kilogram  at  the  International  Bureau  of  Weights 
and  Measures. 

A   troy   pound   is  a  unit  of   mass  equivalent  to 
5760-7000  of  that  of  the  avoirdupois  pound. 
Multiples  and  ^ulimuUiples. 

1  metric  ton  =  1000  kilograms. 

1  hectogram  =  100  grams  =  0.1   kilogram. 

1  dekagram  =  10  grams  =  0.01  kilogram. 

1  decigram  =  0.1  gram. 

1  centigram  =  0.01  gram. 

1  milligram  =  0.001    gram. 


1  avoirdupois  ounce  =  1-16  avoirdupois  pound. 
1  avoirdupois  dram  =  1-256  avoirdupois  pound  = 

1-16  avoirdupois  ounce. 
1  gram  =  1-700        avoirdupois        pound  =  10-4375 

avoirdupois  ounce  =  1-5760  troy  pound. 
1  apothecaries'  pound  =  1  troy  pound  =  5760-7000 

avoirdupois  pound. 
1  apothecaries'   or  troy  ounce  =1-12   troy  pound 

=  480-7000    avoirdupois    pound  =  480    grains. 
1  apothecaries'  dram  =  1-96  apothecaries'  pound  = 

1-8  apothecaries'  ounce  =  60  grains. 
1  pennyweight  =  1-20  troy  ounce  =  24  grains. 
1  apothecaiies'    scruple  =1-3   apothecaries'    dram 

=  20  grains. 
1  metric  carat  =200  milligrams  =  0.2  gram. 
1  short  hundredweight  =  100  avoirdupois  pounds. 
1  long  hundredweight  =  112   avoirdupois   pounds. 
1  short   ton  =  2000   avoirdupois   pounds. 
1  long  ton  =  2240  avoirdupois  pounds. 


STANDARDS  FOR  MEASUREMENT. 

Units  of  measurement  should  be  distinguished  from  standards  for  measurement,  particularly  in 
the  case  of  length  and  capacity.  Units  of  length  are  fixed  distances,  independent  of  any  other  considera- 
tion, while  length  standards  are  affected  by  the  expansion  and  contraction  with  changes  of  temperature  of 
the  material  of  which  the  standard  may  be  composed.  It  Is  therefore  necessary  to  fix  upon  some  tempera- 
ture at  wlflch  the  distance  between  the  defining  lines  or  end  surfaces  of  the  standards  shall  be  equal  to  the 
unit.  The  same  is  true  of  standards  of  capacity,  which  at  some  definite  temperature  contain  a  given  number 
of  units  of  volume.  The  temperature  at  which  metric  length  standards  are  customarily  made  correct  is 
0°  C,  although  20°  C  is  also  used  for  steel  tapes  and  some  other  standards  Intended  for  use  at  room  or  aver- 
age outdoor  temperatures.  The  temperature  at  which  standards  of  length  of  the  customary  system  are 
made  correct  is  62°  F. 

For  measurements  of  high  precision  it  is  also  necessary  to  specify  the  manner  of  support  of  the  standards, 
whether  at  certain  points  only  or  throughout  their  entire  length,  and  in  the  case  of  tapes  it  is  also  necessary 
to  give  the  tension  applied  to  the  tape  when  in  use.  In  the  United  States  the  capacity  standards,  both 
metric  and  customary,  are  made  to  hold  the  specified  volumes  at  4°  C.  Standards  of  capacity  are  usually 
made  of  brass  so  the  capacity  at  any  other  temperature  may  be  computed  by  the  use  of  the  coefficient  of 
cubical  expansion,  usually  assumed  to  be  0.000054  per  degree  centigrade.  In  tlie  purchase  and  sale  of  liquids 
a  more  important  consideration  than  the  temperature  of  the  measures  is  the  temperature  of  the  liquid  when 
measured,  for  the  reason  that  the  large  coefficient  of  expansion  of  many  liquids  makes  the  actual  mass  of 
a  given  volume  delivered  vary  considerably  with  temperature.  For  this  reason,  the  custom  of  buying  and 
selling  liquids  by  weisht  instead  of  by  measure  is  recommended.  It  is  further  recommended  that,  when 
liquids  are  sold  by  volume,  68°  F  or  20°  C  be  adopted  as  the  standard  temperature  of  the  liquid. 

While  the  temperature  of  a  weight  does  not  affect  its  mass,  it  is  nevertheless  important  that  when  two 
weights  are  compared  in  air  they  both  be  at  the  same  temperature  as  the  air.  If  there  is  a  difference  be- 
tween the  temperature  of  the  air  and  the  weights,  convection  currents  will  be  set  up  and  the  readings  of  the 
balance  will  be  thereby  affected.  Also,  since  weights  are  buoyed  up  by  the  surrounding  air  by  amounts 
dependent  upon  their  volumes,  it  is  desirable  that  the  weights  of  any  set  be  of  the  same  material.  If  two 
weights  of  the  same  density  balance  in  air  of  a  certain  density  they  will  balance  in  vacuo  or  in  air  of  a  differ- 
ent density.  Brass  is  the  material  most  widely  used  for  standard  weights,  although  platinum  is  quite  com- 
monly used  for  weights  of  1  gram  or  less.  In  the  absence  of  any  knowledge  as  to  the  actual  density  of  weights, 
those  made  of  brass  are  assumed  to  have  a  density  of  8.4  at  o°  C,  while  those  of  platinum  are  assumed  to 
have  a  density  of  21.5  at  o°  C. 

SPELLING  AND  ABBREVIATION  OF  UNITS. 

The  spelling  ol  the  names  of  units  adopted  by  the  National  Bureau  of  Standards  is  that  given  in  the 
list  below.  The  spelling  of  the  metric  units  is  in  accordance  with  that  given  in  the  law  of  July  28,  1866, 
legalizing  the  metric  system  in  the  United  States.  Following  the  names  of  each  unit  in  the  list  below  is 
given  the  abbreviation  which  the  Bureau  has  adopted  Attention  is  called  to  the  following  principles: 
1.  The  period  Is  omitted  after  the  abbreviations  of  the  metric  units,  while  it  is  used  after  those  of  the  cus- 
;tomary  system.-  2.  The  exponents,  "2"  and  '3,"  are  used  to  signify  area  and  volume,  respectively,  In 
the  case  of  the  metric  units  Instead  of  the  longer  prefixes  "sq."  or  "cu."  In  conformity  with  this  principle 
the  abbreviation  for  cubic  centimeter  is  "cm3,"  instead  of  '  c.  c."  or  •  c.  cm."  The  term  "cubic  centimeter" 
as  used  in  chemical  work  la,  in  fact,  a  misnomer,  since  tne  unit  actually  used  is  the  "milliliter,"  which  has  a 
slightly  larger  volume.  3.  The  use  of  the  same  abbreviation  for  both  singular  and  plural  Is  recommended. 
This  practice  is  already  established  n  expressing  metric  units  and  is  in  accordance  with  the  soicit  and  chief 
purpose  of  abbreviations.  4.  It  Is  also  suggested  that,  unless  all  the  text  is  printed  in  capital  letters,  only 
small  letters  be  used  for  abDreviatlons  except  In  the  case  of  A.  for  acre,  where  the  use  of  the  capital  letter 
Is  general. 


Ft.,  Yds,  Miles,  Acres,  Qfs.,  Etc.,  With  Metric  Equivalents.      89 

FEET,    YARDS,   MILES,   ACRES,  QTS,   ETC.,  WITH    METRIC    EQUIVALENTS. 

(By  S.  W.  Stratton,  Director  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Standards,  Department  of  Commerce.) 


Feet 

Meters 

Meters          Feet 

Cubic 
yards 

Cubic 
meters 

Cubic 
meters 

Cubic 
yards 

Miles 

Kilo- 
meters 

Kilo- 
meters 

Miles 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0.30480 

1 

3.28083 

1 

0.76456 

1 

1.30794 

1 

1.6093 

1 

0.62137 

2 

.60960 

2 

6.56167 

2 

1.52912 

2 

2.61589 

2 

3.2187 

2 

1.24274 

3 

.91440 

3 

9.84250 

3 

2.29368 

3 

3.92383 

3 

4.8280 

3 

1.86411 

4 

1.21920 

4 

13.12333 

4 

3.05824 

4 

5.23177 

4 

6.4374 

4 

2.;48548 

5 

1.52400 

5 

16.40417 

5 

3.82280 

5 

6.53971 

5 

8.0467 

5 

3.60685 

6 

1.82880 

6 

19.68500 

6 

4.58736 

6 

7.84766 

6 

9.6561 

6 

3.72822 

7 

2.13360 

7 

22.96583 

7 

5.35192 

7 

9.15560 

7 

11.2054 

7 

4.34959 

8 

2.43840 

8 

26.24667 

8 

6.11648 

8 

10.46354 

8 

12.8748 

8 

4.97096 

9 

2.74321 

9 

29.52750 

9 

6.88104 

9 

11.77148 

9 

14.4841 

9 

6.59233 

10 

3.04801 

10 

32.80833 

10 

7.64559 

10 

13.07943 

10    . 

16.0935 

10 

6.21370 

1 

3.35281 

1 

36.08917 

1 

8.41015 

1 

14.38737 

1 

17.7028 

1 

6.83507 

2 

3.65761 

2 

39.37000 

2 

9.17471 

2 

15.69531 

2 

19.3122 

2 

7.45644 

3 

3.96241 

3 

42 . 65083 

3 

9.93927 

3 

17.00326 

3 

20.9215 

3 

8.07781 

4 

4.26721 

4 

45.93167 

4 

10.70383 

4 

18.31120 

4 

22.5309 

4 

8.69918 

5 

4.57201 

5 

49.21250 

5 

11.46839 

5 

19.61914 

5 

24.1402 

5 

9.32055 

6 

4.87681 

6 

52.49333 

6 

12.23295 

6 

20.92708 

6 

25.7496 

9 

9.94192 

7 

5.18161 

7 

55.77417 

7 

12.99751 

7 

22.23503 

7 

27.3,589 

7 

10.56329 

8 

5.48641 

8 

59.05500 

8 

13.76207 

8 

23.54297 

8 

28.9(582 

8 

11.18466 

9 

5.79121 

9 

62.33583 

9 

14.62663 

9 

24.85091 

9 

30.5776 

9 

11.80603 

20 

6.09601 

20 

65.61667 

20 

15.29119 

20 

26.15886 

20 

32 . 1869 

20 

12.42740 

1 

6.40081 

1 

68.89750 

1 

16.05575 

1 

27.46680 

1 

33.7963 

1 

13.04877 

2 

6.70561 

2 

72.17833 

2 

16.82031 

2 

28.77474 

2 

35.4056 

2 

13.67014 

3 

7.01041 

3 

75.45917 

3 

17.58487 

3 

30.08268 

3 

37.0150 

3 

14.29151 

Naut. 
miles 

Kilo- 
meters 

Kilo- 
meters 

Naut. 
miles 

Acres 

Hectares 

Hectares      Acres 

Liquid 
quarts 

Liters 

Liters 

Liquid 
quarts 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

, 

0 

1 

1 . 8532 

1 

0.53959 

1 

0.40469 

1 

2.47104 

1 

0.9463 

1 

1.0567 

2 

3 . 7065 

2 

1.07919 

2 

0.80937 

2 

4.94209 

2 

1.8927 

2 

2.1134 

3 

5.5597 

3 

1.61878 

3 

1.21406 

3 

7.41313 

3 

2 . 8390 

3 

3.1701 

4 

7.4130 

4 

2.15837 

4 

1.61875 

4 

9.88418 

4 

3 . 7853 

4 

4.2268 

5 

9.2662 

5 

2.69796 

5 

2 . 02344 

5 

12.35522 

5 

4.7317 

5 

5.2836 

6 

11.1195 

6 

3.23756 

6 

2.42812 

6 

14.82626 

6 

5.6780 

6 

6.3403 

7 

12.9727 

7 

3.77715 

7 

2.83281 

7 

17.29731 

7 

6.6243 

7 

7.3970 

8 

14.8260 

8 

4.31674 

8 

3.23750 

8 

19.76835 

8 

7 . 5707 

8 

8.4537 

9 

16.6792 

9 

4.85634 

9 

3.64219 

9 

22 . 23940 

9 

8.5170 

9 

9.5104 

10 

18.5325 

10 

5.39593 

10 

4.04687 

10 

24.71044 

10 

9.4633 

10 

10.5671 

1 

20.3857 

1 

5.93552 

1 

4.45156 

1 

27.18148 

1 

10.4097 

1 

11.6238 

2 

22.2390 

2 

6.47512 

2 

4.85625 

2 

29.65253 

2 

11.3550 

2 

12.6805 

3 

24.0922 

3 

7.01471 

3 

5.26093 

3 

32.12357 

3 

12.3023 

3 

13 . 7372 

4 

25.9455 

4 

7.55430 

4 

5.66562 

4 

34 . 59462 

4 

13.2487 

4 

14.7939 

5 

27.7987 

5 

8.09390 

5 

6.07D31 

5 

37.06566 

5 

14.1950 

5 

15.8507 

6 

29.6520 

6 

8.63349 

6 

6.47300 

6 

39 . 53670 

6 

15.1413 

6 

16.9074 

7 

31.5052 

7 

9.17308 

7 

6.87968 

7 

42 . 00775 

7 

16.0877 

7 

17.9641 

8 

33.3585 

8 

9.71267 

8 

7.28437 

8 

44.47879 

8 

17 . 0340 

8 

19.0208 

9» 

35.2117 

9 

10.25227 

9 

7.68906 

9 

46.94983 

9 

17.9803 

9 

20.0775 

20 

37.0650 

20 

10.79186 

20 

8.09375 

20 

49.42088 

20 

18.9267 

20 

21.1342 

1 

38.9182 

1 

11.33145 

1 

8.49843 

1 

51.89192 

1 

19.8739 

1 

22 . 1909 

2 

>  40.7715 

2 

11.87105 

2 

8.90312 

2 

54.36297 

2 

20.8193 

2 

23.2476 

3 

42.6247 

3 

12.41064 

3 

9.30781 

3 

56.8.3401 

3 

21.7657 

3 

24.3043 

Gallons 

Liters 

Liters 

Gallons 

Pounds 

Kilos 

Kilos 

Pounds 

Bush- 
els 

Hecto- 

Uters 

Hecto- 
liters 

Bush- 
els 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

3.7853 

1 

0.26418 

1 

0.45359 

1 

2.2046 

1 

0.35238 

1 

2.8378 

7.6707 

2 

0.52836 

2 

.90718 

2 

4.4092 

2 

0.70477 

2 

5.6756 

3 

11.3560 

3 

0.79253 

3 

1.36078 

3 

6.6139 

3 

1.05715 

3 

8.5135 

4 

15.1413 

4 

1.05671 

4 

1.81437 

4 

8.8185 

4 

1.40953 

4 

11.3513 

5 

18.9267 

5 

1.32089 

5 

2.26796 

5 

11.0231 

5 

1.76192 

5 

14.1891 

6 

22.7120 

6 

1.58507 

6 

2.72155 

6 

13.2277 

6 

2.11430 

6 

17.0269 

7 

26.4973 

7 

1.84924 

7 

3.17515 

7 

15.4324 

7 

2 . 46668 

7 

19.8647 

8 

30.2827 

8 

2.11342 

8 

3.62874 

8 

17.6370 

8 

2.81907 

8 

22.7026 

9 

34.0680 

9 

2.37760 

9 

4.08233 

9 

19.8416 

9 

3.17145 

9 

25.5404 

10 

37.8533 

10 

2.64178 

10 

4.53592 

10 

22.0462 

10 

3.52383 

10 

28.3782 

1 

41.6387 

1 

2.90595 

1 

4.98952 

1 

24.2508 

1 

3.87622 

1 

31.2160 

2 

45.4240 

2 

3.17013 

2 

5.44311 

2 

26.4555 

2 

4.22860 

2 

34.0538 

3 

49.2093 

3 

3.43431 

3 

5.89670 

3 

28.6601 

3 

4.58098 

3 

36.8916 

4 

52.9947 

4 

3 . 69849 

4 

6.35029 

4 

30.8647 

4 

4.93337 

4 

39.7295 

5 

56.7800 

5 

3.96266 

5 

6.80389 

5 

33.0693 

5  • 

5.28575 

5 

42.5673 

6 

60.5653 

6 

4.22684 

6 

7.25748 

6 

35.2740 

6 

5.63813 

6 

45.4051 

7 

64.3506 

7 

4.49102 

7 

7.71107 

7- 

37.4786 

7 

5.99052 

7 

48.2429 

8 

68.1360 

8 

4 . 75520 

8 

8.16466 

8 

39 . 6832 

8 

6.34290 

8 

51.0807 

9 

71.9213 

9 

5.01937 

9 

8.61826 

9 

41.8878 

9 

6.69528 

9 

63.9186 

20 

75  7066 

*  20 

6.28355 

29 

9.07185 

20 

44.0924 

20 

7.04767 

20 

56.7564 

1 

79.4920 

1 

5 . 54773 

1 

9.62544 

1 

46.2971 

1 

7.40005 

1 

59 . 5942 

2 

83.2773 

2 

5.81191 

2 

9.97903 

2 

48.5017 

2 

7.75243 

2 

62 . 4320 

3 

87.0626 

3 

6.07608 

3 

10.43263 

3 

50.7063 

3 

8.10482 

3 

65.2698 

90     Ft.y  Yds.,  Miles,  Acres,  Qts,  Etc.,  With  Metric  Equivalents— Cont. 


TABLES  OF  INTER-RELATION  OF  UNITS  OF  MEASUREMENT. 


UNITS  OF  LENGTH. 


1  In.  =  0.126263  links  =  0.083333  ft.  =  0.027777 
yds.  =  0.005050  rds.  =  0.001262  chains  =  0.000015 
miles  =  2.540  cms.  =  0.025400  meters. 

1  link  =  7.92  ins.  =  0.66  ft.  =  0.22  yds.  =  0.04  rds. 
=  0.01  .  chains  =  0.000125  miles  =  20.116  cms.= 
0.201168  meters. 

1  ft.  =  12  ins.  =  1.515152  links  =  0.333333  yds.  = 
0.060606  rds.  =0.0151515  chains  =  0.000189  miles  = 
30.480  cms.  =  0.304800   meters. 

1  yd.  =  36  ins.  =  4.54545  linlis  =  3  ft.  =  0.181818 
f ds.  =  0.0454546  chains  =  0.000568  miles  =  9 1 .440  cms. 
=  0.914401  metfers. 

1    rd.  =  198    ins.  =  25    llnlcs=16.5    ft.  =  5.5    ydi3.= 


0.25      chains  =  0.003125     miles  =  502.9210     cms.= 
5.029210  meters 

1  chain  =  792  ins.  =  100  links  =  66  ft.  =  22  yds.= 
4     rds.  =  0.0125     mUes.  =  2011.684     cms.  =  20.11684 

1  mile  =  63360  Ins.  =  8000  links  =  5280  ft.  =  1760 
yds.  =  320  rds.  =  80  chains  =  160934.72  cms.  =  1609.- 
3472  meters. 

1  cm.  =0.39  ins.  =0.049709  links  =  0.03280833  ft.  = 
0.010936  yds.  =0.001988  rds.  =  0.00049709  chains  = 
0.0000062  miles  =  0.01  meters. 

1  meter  =  39.37  ins.  =  4,970960  links  =  3.280833  ft. 
=  1.093611  yds.  =  0.198838  rds.  =  0.04970960  chains 
=  0.0006213  miles  =  100  cms. 


UNITS  OF  AREA. 


1  sq.  in.  =  0.0159423  sq.  links  =  0.00694444  sq.  yds. 
=  0.000025507  sq.  rds.  =  0.000001  sq.  chains  = 
0.000000159  acres  =  0.0000000002491  sq.  miles  = 
6.4516  cms.  =  0.000645  sq.  meters  =  0,000000004 
hectares. 

1  sq.  link  =  62.7264  sq.  ins.  =  0,4356  sq.  ft.  =  0,0484 
sq.  yds.  =  0.0016  sq.  rds,  =  0.0001  sq.  chains  = 
0.00001  acres  =  0.0000000156  sq.  miles  =  404.6873 
sq.  cms.  =  0:040468  sq.  meters  =  0.000004046  hectares. 

1  sq.  ft.  =  144  sq.  ins.  =  2.295684  sq.  llnks  = 
0.1111111  sq.  yds.  =  0.00367309  sq.  rds.  =  0.000229 
sq.  chains  =  0.000022956  acres  =  0.0000000358701  sq. 
mUes  =  929,0341  sq.  cms.  =  0.092903  sq.  meters  = 
0.000009290  hectares. 

1  sq.  yd.  =  1296  sq.  ins.  =  20.6612  sq.  links  =  9  sq. 
ft.  =  0.03305785  sq.  rds.  =0.00206612  sq.  chalns  = 
0.000206612  acres  =  0.000000322831  sq.  miles  = 
8361.307  sq.  cms.  =  0.836130  sq.  meters  =  0.000083613 
hectares. 

•1  sq.  rd.  =  39204  sq.  ins.  =  625  sq.  links  =  272.25 
sq.  ft.  =  30.25  sq.  yds.  =  0.0625  sq.  chains  =  0.00625 
acres  =  0.0000097656  sq.  miles  =  252929.5  sq.  cms. 
=  25.29295  sq.  meters  =  0.002529295  hectares. 

1   sq.   chain  =  627264   sq.   ins.  =  10000   sq.   links  = 


4356  sq.  ft.  =  484  sq.  yds.  =  16  sq.  rds.  =  0.1  acres  = 
0.00015625  sq.  miles  =  404687 -sq.  cms.  =  404.6873 
sq.  meters  =  0.0404687  hectares. 

1  acre  =6272640  sq.  ins.  =  100000  sq.  links  = 
43560  sq.  ft.  =  4840  sq.  yds.  =  160  sq.  rds.  =  10  sq. 
chains  =  0.0015625  sq.  miles  =  404687  sq.  cms.  = 
4046.873  sq.  meters  =  0,404687  hectares. 

1  sq.  mile  =  4014489600  sq.  ins.  =  64000000  sq. 
links  =  27878400  sq.  ft.  =  3097600  sq.  yds.  =  102400 
sq.  rds.  =  6400  sq.  chains  =  640  acres  =  2589998470 
sq.    cms.  =  2589998    sq    .meters  =  258,9998    hectares. 

1  sq.  cm.  =  0.1549997  sq.  ins.  =  0.00247104  sq. 
links  =  0.00107638  sq.  ft.  =0.00011959  sq.  yds.  = 
0.000003953  sq,  rds.  =  0.000000247  sq.  chains  =  0.000- 
00002471  acres  =0.00000000003861  sq.  miles  =  0.0001 
sq.  meters  =  0.00000001  hectares. 

1  sq.  meter  =  1549.9969  sq.  ins.  =  24.7104  sq.  links 
=  10.763087  sq.  ft.  =  1.195985  sq.  yds.  =  0.0395367 
sq.  rds.  =  0.002471  sq.  chains  =  0.000247 104  acres  = 
0.0000003861006  sq.  miles  =1000  sq.  cms.  =  0.0001 
hectares. 

1  hectare  =15499969  sq.  ins.  =  247104  sq.  links  = 
1076387  sq.  ft.  =  11959.85  sq.  yds.  =  395367  sq. 
rds.  =  24.7104  sq.  chains  =  2.47104  acres  =  0.003861- 
006  sq.  miles  =  10000000  sq.  cms.  =  10000  sq.  meters. 


UNITS  OF  VOLUME. 


cu.     ft.  =  0.00002143347 
0.01638716    cu     dms.  = 


1     cu.     in  =  0,000578704 
cu.    yds.  =  16.387162    cms.  = 
0.00001638716   cu.   meters. 

1  cu.  ft.  =  1728  cu.  ins.  =  0.0370370  cu.  yds.  = 
28317.016  cu.  cms.  =  28.317016  cu.  dms.  =  0.028317- 
016  cu.  meters. 

1  cu  yd.  =  46656  cu.  Ins.  =  27  cu.  ft.  =  764559.4 
cu.  cms.  =  764.5594  cu.  dms.  =  0.7645594  cu.  meters. 

UNITS   OF  CAPACITY—; 

1  minim  =  0.01666  fl.  dr.  =  0.00208  fl.  oz.  =  O.O0052O 
gills  =  0.000130  liq.  pts.  =  0.00006510  liq.  qts.  = 
0.000016  gals.  =  0.06161  ml.  =  0.000061  liters  = 
0.003759    cu.   ins. 

1  fl.  dr.  =  60  minims  =  0.125  a.  ozs.  =  0.03125  gills 
=  0.007812  Uq.  pts.  =  0.003906  liq.  qts.  =  0.000976 
gals.  =  3.69661  mis.  =  0.003596  liters  =  0.225586  cu. 
ins. 

1  fl.  oz.  =  480  minims  =  8  fl.  drs.  =  0.25  gills  = 
0.0625  liq.  pts.  =  0.03125  liq.  qts.  =  0,007812  gals  = 
29.5729  mis.  =  0.029572  liters  =  1.80469  cu.   ins. 

1  gill  =  Jl920  minim,s  =  32  fl.  drs. =4  fl.  ozs.  =  0.25 
liq.  pts.  =  0.125  liq.  qts.  =  0.03125  gals.  =  118.292 
mls.  =  0.118292  Uters  =  7.21875  cu,  ins. 

1  liq.  pt.  =  7680  minims  =  128  fl.  drs.  =  16  fl.  ozs. 
=  4  gills  =  0.5  liq.  qts.  =  0.125  gals.  =473.167  mis.  = 
0.473167  liters  =  28.875  cu.  ins. 


1  cu.  cm.  =  0.06102338  cu.  ins.  =  0,00003531445 
cu.  ft.  =0.00000130794  cu.  yds.  =  0.001  cu.  dms.  = 
0.000001  cu.  meters. 

1  cu.  dm.  =61.02338  cu.  ins.  =  0.03531445  cu.  ft.  = 
0.001307943    cu.    yds.  =  1000    cu.    cms.  =  0.001    cu. 

1  cu]  meter  =  61023.38  cu.  Ins.  =35.31445  cu.  ft.  = 
1.3079428  cu.  yds.  =  1000000  cu.  cms.  =1000  cu. 
dms. 

LIQUID  MEASURE.  ,      , 

1  liq.  qt.  =  15360  minims  =  255  fl.  drs.  =  32  fl, 
ozs.  =  8  gills  =  2  Uq.  pts.  =  0.25  gals.  =  946333  mis.  = 
0.946333  liters  =  57.75  cu.  ins. 

1  gal.  =61440  minima  =1024  fl.  drs.  =  128  fl.  ozs. 
=  32  gills  =  8  liq.  pts.  =  4  Uq.  qts.  =  3785.332  mis.  = 
3.785332  liters  =  231  cu.  ins. 

1  ml.  =  16.231  minims  =  0.27051  fl.  drs.  =  0.0338147 
fl,  ozs,  =  0.008453  giU3  =  0.002113  liq.  pts,  =  0,0010567 
liq.  qts.  =  0.000264  gals.  =0.001  liters  =  0,061025 
cu,   ins. 

1  liter=16231.1  minims  =  270.518  fl.  drs.  =  33.8147 
fl.- ozs.  =  8.45368  gills.  =  2,11342  liq,  pts.  =  1.05671 
liq.  qts.  =  0.264178  gals.=  1000  nils.  =  61.0250  cu.  ins. 

1  cu.  in.  =  265.974  minims  =  4,43290  fl.  drs.  = 
0,554113  fl.  ozs,  =  0, 138528  gills  =  0.0346320  Uq. 
pts.  =0.0173160  liq.  qts.  =  0.004329  gals.  =  16.3867 
mis.  =  0,0163867  liters. 


UNITS  OF  CAPACITY  DRY  MEASURE. 


1  dry  pt.  =  0,5  dry  qts.  =  0.0625  pks.  =0.015625  bu. 
=  0.550599  liters  =  0.055060  dkl.  =  33.6003125  cu,  ins. 

1  dry  qt.  =  2  dry  pts.  =  0.125  pics.  =  0.03125  bu. 
=  1.101198  liters  =  0.1 10 120  dkl.  =  67 .200625  cu.  ins. 

1  pk.  =  16  dry  pts.  =  8  dry  qts.  =  0.25  bu.  =  8.80958 
liters  =  0.880958  dkl.  =  537.605  cu.  Ins. 

1  bu.  =  64  dry  pts.  =  32  dry  qts.  =  4  pks.  =  35.2383 
liters  =  3.52383  dkl.  =  2150.42  cu.  ins. 


1  liter  =1.81620  dry  pta.  =  0.908102  dry  qts.  = 
0.113513  pks.  =  0.028378  bu.  =  0.1  dkl.  =  61.0250 
cu.  ins. 

1  dkl.  =  18,1620  dry  pts.  =  9.08102  dry  qts.  = 
1.13513  pks.  =  0.28378  bu.  =  10  Uters  =  610.250  cu.  ins. 

1  cu.  in.  =  0.0297616  dry  pts.  =  0.0148808  dry  qts. 
=  0.00186010  pks.  =  0.000455025  bu.  =  0.0163867  lit- 
ers =0.00163867  dkl. 


UNITS  OF  MASS  LESS  THAN  POUNDS  AND  KILOGRAMS. 


1  gr.  =  0.05  apoth.  scruples  =  0.041666  dwt.  = 
0.03657143  Av.  dr.  =  0.016666  apoth.  dr.  =  0.002285 
Av.  oz.  =  0.002083  apoth  or  troy  ozs.  =  0.000173 
apoth  or  troy  lbs.  =  0.000142  Av.  lbs.  =  64.798 
mgs.  =  0.064798   grams  =  0.000064   kgs. 


1  apoth.  scruple  =  20  grs.  =0.833333  dwt.  = 
0.7314286  av.  drs.  =  0.333333  apoth.  drs.  =  0.045714 
av.  ozs.  =0.041666  apoth.  or  troy  ozs.  =  0.003472 
apoth.  or  troy  lbs.  =  0.002857  av.  lbs.  =  1295.9784 
mgs.  =  1.295978  grams  =  0.001295  kgs. 


Comparison  of  Metric  and  Customary  Units,  1  to  9. 


9! 


UNITS  OF  MASS  LESS  THAN  POUNDS  AND  KILOGRAMS— Continued. 


1  dwt.  =  24  gr8.  =  1.2  apoth.  acruples  =  0.8777 143 
av.  drs.  =  0.4  apoth.  drs.  =  0.054857  av.  ozs.  =  0.05 
apoth.  or  troy  ozs.  =0.004166  apoth.  or  troy  lbs.  = 
0.003428  av.  lbs.  =  1555.1740  mgs.  =  1.555174  grams 
=  0.001555  kga. 

1  av.  dr.  =  27.34375  grs.  =  1.367187  apoth.  scruples 
=  1.139323  dwt.  =  0.455729  apoth.  drs.  =  0.0625 
av.  ozs.  =  0.05696G  apoth.  or  troy  ozs.  =  0.004747 
apoth  or  troy  ozs.  =  0.003906  av.  lbs.  =  1771.8454 
mgs.  =  1.771845  grams  =  0.001771  legs. 

1  apoth.  dr.  =  60  grs.  =  3  apoth.  scruples  =  2.5 
dwt.  =  2.194286  av.  drs.  =  0.137142  av.  ozs.  =  0.125 
apoth  or  troy  ozs.  =  0.010416  apoth  or  troy  lbs.  = 
0.008571  av.  lbs.  =  3887.9351  mgs.  =  3.887935  grams 
=  0.003887  kgs. 

1  av.  oz.  =  437.5  grs.  =  21.875  apoth.  scruples  = 
18.22917  dwt.  =  16  av.  drs.  =  7.29166  apoth.  drs.  = 
0.911458  apoth.  or  troy  ozs.  =  0.075954  apoth  or  troy 
lbs.  =  0.0625  av.  lbs.  =  28349.527  mgs.  =  28.349527 
grams  =  0.028349  kgs. 

1  apoth.  or  troy  oz.  =480  grs.  =  24  apoth  scruples  = 
20  dwt.  =  17.55428  av.  drs.  =8  apoth.  drs.  =  1.097142 
apoth  ozs.  =  0.083333  apoth.  or  troy  lbs.  =  0.068571 
av.  lbs.  =  31103.481  mgs.  =  31.103481  grams  =  0.031- 
103  kgs. 


1  apoth.  or  troy  lb.  =  576  grs.  =  288  apoth.  scruples 
=  240  dwt.  =  210.6514  av.  drs.  =  96  apoth.  drs.  = 
13.165714  av.  ozs.  =  12  apoth.  or  trejy  ozs.  =  0.8228571 
av.  lbs.  =  373241.77  mgs.  =  373.24177  grams  =  0.373- 
241  kgs. 

1  av.  lb.  =  7000  grs.  =  350  apoth.  scruples  =  291.6667 
dwt.  =  256  av.  drs.  =  116.6667  apoth  drs.  =  16  av. 
ozs.  =  14.583333  apoth.  or  troy  ozs.  =  1.215277  apoth. 
or  troy  lbs.  =  453592.427  mgs.  =  453.59242  grams  = 
0.453592  kgs. 

1  mg.  =  0.015432  grs.  =  0.0007716  apoth.  scruples  = 
0.000G4301  dwt.  =  0.0005643833  av.  drs.  =0.000257 
apoth.  drs.  =  0.000035  av.  ozs.  =  0.000032  apoth.  or 
troy  ozs.  =  0.000.002  apoth.  or  troy  lbs.  =  0.000002 
av.   lbs.  =0.001   grams  =  0.000001   kgs. 

1  gram  =  15.432356  grs.  =  0.771618  apoth.  scruples 
=  0.64301485  dwt.  =  0.5643833  av.  drs.  =  0.257205 
apoth.  drs.  =  0.035273  av.  ozs.  =  0.0321507  apoth. 
or  troy  ozs.  =  0.002G79  apoth.  or  troy  lbs.  =  0.002204 
av.  lbs.  =  1000  mgs.  =  0.001  kgs. 

1  kg.=  15432.356  grs.  =  771.6178  apoth.  scruples  = 
=  643.01485  dwt.  =  564.38332  av.  drs.  =  257.20594 
apoth.  drs.  =  35.27396  av.  ozs.  =  32.150742  apoth. 
or  troy  ozs.  =  2.679228  apoth.  or  troy  lbs.  =  2.204622 
av.   lbs.  =  1000000   mgs.  =  1000   grams. 


UNITS  OF  MASS  GREATER  THAN  AVOIRDUPOIS  OUNCES. 


1  av.  oz.  =  0.0625  av.  lbs.  =  0.000325  short  cwt.  = 
0.00003125  short  tons  =  0.00002790179  long  tons  = 
0.02834953  kgs.  =  0.00002834953  metric  tons. 

1  av.  lb.  =  16  av.  ozs.  =  0.01  short  cwt.  =  0.0005 
short  tons  =  0.00044S4286  long  tons  =  0.4535924277 
kgs.  =  0.00045359243  metric  tons. 

1  short  cwt.  =  1600  av.  ozs.  =  100  av.  lbs.  =  0.05 
short  tons  =  0.04464286  long  tons  =  45.359243  kgs.  = 
0.045359243  metric  tons. 

1  short  ton  =  32000  av.  ozs.  =  2000  av.  lbs.  =  20 


short  cwt.  =0.8928571  long  tons  =  907.18486  kgs.= 
0.90718486  metric  tons. 

1  long  ton  =  35840  av.  ozs.  =  2240  av.  lbs.  =  22.4 
short  cwt.  =  1.12  short  tons  =  1016.04704  kg3.= 
1.01604704  metric  tons. 

1  kg.  =  35.273957  av.  ozs.  =  2.20462234  av.  lbs.= 
0.022046223  short  cwt.  =  0.0011023112  short  ton3  = 
0.0009842064  long  tons  =  0.001  metric  tons. 

1  metric  ton  =  3.5273.957  av.  ozs,  =2204.62234  av. 
lbs,  =22.046223  short  cwt.  =  1.1023112  short  ton3  = 
O.9842064O  long  tons  =  1000  kgs. 


COMPARISON    OP    KfETRIC    AND    CUSTOMARY    UNITS,    1     TO    9. 


Inches        ^^'1"- 
inches.    meters. 

Yards.      Meters. 

Rods.       Meters. 

Square   Sq.  Centl- 
Inches.      meters. 

Square      Square 
Feet.        Meters. 

0.039  37  =  1 

1  =  0.914  402 

0.198  838  =  1 

0.155  00  =  1 

1  =  0.092  90 

0.078  74  =  2 

2  =  1.828  804 

0.397  677  =  2 

0.310  00  =  2 

2  =  0.185  81 

0.118  11  =  3 

3  =  2.743  205 

0.596  515  =  3 

0.465  00  =  3 

3  =  0.278  71 

0.157  48  =  4 

4  =  3.657  607 

0.795  354  =  4 

0.620  00  =  4 

4  =  0.371  61 

0.196  85  =  5 

5  =  4.572  009 

0.994  192  =  5 

0.775  00  =  5 

6  =  0.464  52 

0.236  22  =  6 

6  =  5.486  411 

1.193  030  =  6 

0.930  00  =  6 

6  =  0.557  42 

0.276  59  =  7 

7  =  6.400  813 

1.391  869  =  7 

1.035  00  =  7 

7  =  0.650  32 

0.314  96  =  8 

8  =  7.315  215 

1.590  707  =  8 

1.240  00  =  8 

8  =  0.743  23 

0.354  33  =  9 

9  =  8.229  616 

1.789  545  =  9 

1.395  00  =  9 

9  =  0.836  13 

1=   25.4001 

1.093  6H  =  1 

1  =  6.029  21 

1=  6.452 

10.764  =  1 

2=   50.8001 

2.187  222  =  2 

2  =  10.058  42 

2  =  12,903 

21.528  =  2 

3=   76.2002 

3.280  833  =  3 

3  =  15.087  63 

3  =  19,355 

32.292  =  3 

4  =  101.6002 

4.374  444  =  4 

4  =  20.116  84 

4  =  25,807 

43.055  =  4 

5  =  127.0003 

5.468  056  =  5 

5  =  25.146  05 

5  =  32,258 

53.819  =  5 

6  =  152.4003 

6.561  667  =  6 

6  =  30.175  26 

6  =  38.710 

64.583  =  6      ■ 

7  =  177.8004 

7.655  278  =  7 

7  =  35.204  47 

7  =  45.161 

75.347  =  7 

8  =  203.2004 

8.748  889  =  8 

8  =  40.233  68 

8  =  51.613 

86.111  =  8 

9  =  228.6005 

9.842  500  =  9 

9  =  45.262  89 

9  =  58.065 

96.875  =  9 

Square     Square 

Square      Sq.  Kllo-i 

Cubic     Cu.  Centi- 

Cubic          Cubic 

Cubic         Cubic 

Yards.    Meters. 

Miles. 

meters. 

Inches.       meters. 

Feet.         Meters. 

Yards.      Meters. 

1  =  0.8361 

0.3861  =  1 

0.061  02  =  1 

1  =  0.028  317 

1  =  0.7646 

2=1.6723 

0.7722  =  2 

0.122  05  =  2 

2=0.056  634 

2  =  1.5291 

3  =  2.5084 

1.1583  =  3 

0.183  07  =  3 

3  =  0.084  951 

3  =  2.2937 

4  =  3.3446 

1.5444  =  4 

0.244  09  =  4 

4  =  0.113  268 

4  =  3.0582   - 

5  =  4.1807 

1.9305  =  5 

0.305  12  =  5 

5  =  0.141  585 

5  =  3.8228 

6  =  5.0163 

2.3166  =  6 

0.366  14  =  6 

6  =  0.169  902 

6  =  4.5874 

7  =  5.8529 

2.7027  =  7 

0.427  16  =  7 

7  =  0.198  219 

7  =  5.3519 

8  =  6.6890 

3.0888  =  8 

0.488  19  =  8 

8  =  0.226  536 

8  =  6.1165 

9  =  7.5252 

3.4749  =  9 

0.649  21  =  9 

9  =  0.254  853 

9  =  6.8810 

1.1960  =  I 

1 

=  2,5900 

1=   16.3872 

35.314  =  1 

1.3079  =  1 

2.3920  =  2 

2 

=  6.1800 

2=  32.7743 

70.629  =  2 

2.6169  =  2 

3.5880  =  3 

3 

=  7.7700 

3=   49.1615 

105.943  =  3 

3.9238  =  3 

4.7839  =  4 

4 

=  10.3600 

4=   65.5486 

141.258  =  4 

5.2318  =  4 

6.9799  =  5 

6 

=  12.9500 

5=   81.9358 

176.572  =  5 

6.6397  =  5 

7.1759  =  5 

6 

=  15.5400 

6=   98.3230 

211.887  =  6 

7.8477  =  6 

8.3719  =  7 

7 

=  18.1300 

7  =  114.7101 

247.201 =  7 

9.1556  =  7 

9.5679  =  8 

8 

=  20.7200 

8=131.0973 

282.516  =  8 

10.4635  =  8 

10.7639  =  9 

9 

=  23.3100 

9  =  147.4845 

317.830  =  9 

11.7715  =  9 

92    Comparison  of  Metric  and  Customary  Units,  1  to  9— 

Continued. 

Cubic      ,  ,^._, 

Cubic      Titpra 

Feet.      ■'""®'^3- 

U.S.Fluld     M  mi- 

U.S.Fluid     Milli- 

U.S.  Dry     ,  ,.„.. 
Quarts.      •"*®™- 

Drams,      liters. 

Ounces.      liters. 

1  =  0.016  386  7 

-       1=  28.316 

0.270  52  =  1 

0.033  815  =  1 

0.9081  =  1 

2  =  0.032  773  4 

2=   56.633 

0.54104  =  2 

0.067  629  =  2 

1.8162  =  2 

.  3  =  0.049  160  2 

3=   84.949 

0.811  55  =  3 

0.101444  =  3 

2.7243  =  3 

■4  =  0.065  546  9 

4  =  113.265 

1.082  07  =  4 

0.135  259  =  4 

3.6324  =  4 

-  6  =  0.081  933  6 

5=141.581 

1.352  59  =  5 

0.169  074  =  5 

4.5405  =  5 

6  =  0.098  320  3 

6=169.898 

1.623  11  =  6 

0.202  888  =  6 

5.4486  =  6 

•7  =  0.114  707  0 

7=198.214 

1.893  63  =  7 

0.236  703  =  7 

6.3567  =  7 

8  =  0.131  093  8 

8  =  226.530 

2.164  14  =  8 

0.270  518  =  8 

7.2648  =  8 

^  9  =  0.147  480  5 

9  =  254.846 

2.434  66  =  9 

0.304  333  =  9 

8,1729  =  9 

61.025  =  1 

0.035  315=1 

1=   3.6966 

1=   29.573 

1  =  1.1012 

122.050  =  2 

0.070  631 =  2 

2=   7.3932 

2=   59.146 

2  =  2.2024 

183.075  =  3 

0.105  946  =  3 

3=11.0898 

3=   88.719 

3  =  3.3036 

244.100  =  4 

0.141  262  =  4 

4=14.7865 

4=118.292 

4  =  4.4048 

305.125  =  5 

0.176  577  =  5 

5=18.4831 

5  =  147.865 

5  =  5.5060 

366.150  =  6 

0.211892=6 

6  =  22.1797 

6=177.437 

6  =  6.6072 

427.175  =  7 

0.247  208  =  7 

7  =  25.8763 

7  =  207.010 

7  =  7.7084 

488.200  =  8 

0.282  523  =  8 

8=29.5729 

8  =  236.583 

8  =  8.8096 

549.225  =  9 

0.317  839  =  9 

9  =  33.2695 

9  =  266.156 

9  =  9.9108 

picks.     Liters. 

Grains,     drains. 

Apoth.     p,,.om<i 
Drams,     '-■rams. 

orcL.     Grams. 

Avoirdu-     rpnmo 
pols  Ozs.     Grams. 

0.113  51  =  1 

1  =  0.064  799 

0.257  21  =  1 

0.032  151  =  1 

0.035  274  =  1 

0.227  03  =  2 

2  =  0.129  598 

0.514  41  =  2 

0.064  301 =  2 

0.070  548  =  2 

0.340  54  =  3 

3  =  0.194  397 

0.771  62  =  3 

0.096  452  =  3 

0.105  822  =  3 

0.454  05  =  4 

4  =  0.259  196 

1.028  82  =  4 

0.128  603  =  4 

0.141  096  =  4 

0.567  56  =  5 

5  =  0.323  995 

1.286  03  =  5 

0.160  754  =  5 

0.176  370  =  5 

0.681  08  =  6 

6  =  0.388  794 

1.543  24  =  6 

0.192  904  =  6 

0.211  644  =  6 

0.794  59  =  7 

7  =  0.453  592 

1.800  44  =  7 

0.225  055  =  7 

0.246  918  =  7 

0.908  10  =  8 

8  =  0.518  391 

2.057  65  =  8 

0.257  206  =  8 

0.282  192  =  8 

1.021  61  =  9 

9  =  0.583  190 

2.314  85  =  9 

0.289  357  =  9 

0.317  466  =  9 

-1=  8.810 

15.4324=1 

1=  3.8879 

1=  31.103 

1=   28.350 

2=17.619 

30.8647  =  2 

2=   7.7759 

2=  62.207 

2=   56.699 

3  =  26.429 

46.2971  =  3 

3=11.6638 

3=  93.310 

3=  85.049 

4  =  35.238 

61.7294  =  4 

4  =  15.5517 

4  =  124.414 

4=113.398 

5  =  44.048 

77.1618  =  5 

5=19.4397 

5=155.517 

5  =  141.748 

6  =  62.857 

92.5941  =  6 

6  =  23.3276 

6=186.621 

6=170.097 

7  =  61.667 

108.0265  =  7 

7  =  27.2155 

7  =  217.724 

7=198.447 

8  =  70.477 

123.4589  =  8 

8  =  31.1035 

8  =  248.828 

8  =  226.796 

9  =  79.286 

138.8912  =  9 

9  =  34.9914 

I                9  =  279.931 

9  =  255.146 

LENGTH— HUNDREDTHS  OF  AN  INCH  TO  MILLIMETERS. 
From  1  to  99  Hundredtlis. 


Hun- 
dredths 
Of  an  in. 

0 

1 

2 

3 

i 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 
20 
30 
40 

50 
60 

70 
80 
90 

0 

2.540 

5.080 

7.620 

10.160 

12.700 
15.240 
17.780 
20.320 
22.860 

2  254 
2.794 
5.334 
7.874 
10.414 

12.9.54 
15,494 
18.034 
20.574 
23.114 

0.508 
3.048 
5.588 
8.128 
10.668 

13.208 
15.748 
18.288 
20.828 
23.368 

0.762 
3.302 
5.842 
8,382 
10.922 

13,462 
16.002 
18,542 
21,082 
23,622 

1.016 
3.556 
6.096 
8.636 
11.176 

13.716 
16.256 
18.796 
21,336 
23.876 

1.270 
3.810 
6.350 
8.890 
11.430 

13.970 
16.510 
19.050 
21.590 
24.130 

1.524 
4.064 
6,604 
9.144 
11.684 

14.224 
16.764 
19.304 
21.844 
24 . 384 

1.778 
4.318 
6.858 
9.398 
11.938 

\i  478 
17.018 
19.558 
22.098 
24.638 

-   2.032 

4.572 

7.112 

9.652 

12 .  192 

14.732 
17.272 
19.812 
22 . 352 
24 . 892 

2.286 
4.826 
7.366 
9.906 
12.446 

14.986 
17.526 
20.066  ' 
22 . 606 
25.146 

LENGTH— MILLIMETERS  TO  DECIMALS  OF  AN  INCH. 
From  1  to  99  Units. 


Milli- 
meters. 

0 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

S 

9 

10 
20 
30 
40 

50 
60 
70 
80 
90 

0 

0.3937 

.7874 

1.1811 

1.5748 

1 . 9685 
2.3622 
2 .  7559 
3 . 1496 
3.5433 

0.0393 

.4330 

.8267 

1.2204 

1,6141 

2,0078 
2.4015 
2.7952 
3.1889 
3,5826 

0.0787 

.4724 

.8661 

1.2598 

1.6535 

2.0472 
2 . 4409 
2.8346 
3.2283 
3.6220 

0.1181 

.5118 

.9055 

1.2992 

1.6929 

2.0865 
2 . 4803 
2.8740 
3.2677 
3.6614 

0.1574 

.5511 

.9448 

1 . 3385 

1.7322 

2.1259 
2.5196 
2.9133 
3.3070 
3.7007 

0.1908 

.5905 

.9842 

1.3779 

1.7716 

2.1653 
2.5590 
2.9527 
3.3464 
3.7401 

0,2362 

,6299 

1,0236 

1  4173 
1.8110 

2  2047 
2 , 5984 
2.9921 
3.3858 
3.7795 

0.2755 
.6692 
1.0692 
1 . 4566 
1.8503 

2 . 2440 
2.6377 
3.0314 
3,4251 
3.8188 

0.3149 
.7086 
1.1023 
1.4960 
1 . 8897 

2.2834 
2  6771 
3.0708 
3.4645 
3,8582 

0.3543 
.7480 
1.1417 
1.5354 
1.9291 

2.3228 
2.7165 
3.1102 
3.5039 
3.8976 

Tliough  the  figures  in  the  above  table  do  not  extend  beyond  99  units  they  serve  as  a  full  and  sufflcienj 
t>asis  for  calculations  extending  to  any  degree  beyond.  The  same  statement  Is  applicable  to  any  of  the 
metric  tables  printed  in  this  Almanac. 


Comparison  of  Metric  and  Customary  Units,.  1  to  9— Continued.   93 

COMPARISON  OF  THE  VARIOUS  TONS  AND  POUNDS  IN  USE  IN  THE  U.  S. 


Troy  Pounds. 

Avoirdupois 

Lbs. 

Kilograms. 

Short  Tons. 

Long  Tons. 

Metric  Tons. 

1 

0.822 

857 

0.373 

24 

0.090  411 

43 

0.000  367 

35 

0.000  373  24 

2 

1.645 

71 

0.746 

48 

0.000  822 

86 

0.000  734 

69 

O.OOO  746  4f 

3 

2.468 

57 

1.119 

73 

0.001  234 

29 

0.001   102 

04 

0.001   119  7? 

4 

3.291 

43 

1.492 

97 

O.OOl  645 

71 

0.001  469 

39 

0.001  492  97 

5 

4.114 

29 

1.866 

21 

0.002  057 

14 

0.001  836 

73 

0.001  866  21 

6 

4.937 

14 

2.239 

45 

0.002  468 

57 

0.002   204 

08 

:  0.O02  239  4.'' 

7 

5.760 

00 

2.612 

69 

0.002  880 

00 

0.002   571 

43 

0.002  612  6f 

8 

6.582 

86 

2.985 

93 

0.003  291 

43 

0.002  938 

78 

0.002  985  93 

9 

7.405 

71 

3.359 

18 

0.003  702 

86 

0.003  306 

12 

0.003  359  18 

1.215 

28 

1 

0.453 

59 

0.0005 

0.000  446 

43 

0.000  453  OS 

2.430 

56 

2 

0.907 

18 

0.0010 

0.000  892 

86 

0.000  907  18 

3.645 
4.861 

83 

3 

1.360 

78 

0.0015 

0.001   339 

29 

0.001  360  7S 

11 

4 

1.814 

37 

0.0020 

0.001   785 

71 

0.001  S14  37 

6.076 

39 

6 

2.207 

96 

0.0025 

0.002  232 

14 

0.002  267  96 

7.291 

67 

6 

2.721 

55 

0.0030 

0.002  678 

57 

0.002  721  55 

8.506 

94 

7 

3.175 

15 

0.0035 

0.003  125 

00 

0.003   175  15 

9.722 

22 

8 

3.628 

74 

0.0040 

0.003  571 

43 

0.003  628  74 

10.937 

60 

9 

4.082 

33 

0.0045 

0.004  017 

86 

0.004  082  33 

2.679 

23 

2.204 

62 

1 

0.001   102 

31 

0.000  984 

21 

0.001 

5.358 

46 

4.409 

24 

2 

0.002  204 

62 

0.001   968 

41 

0.002 

8.037 

69 

6.613 

87 

3 

0.003  306 

93 

0.002  9.52 

62 

0.003 

10.716 

91 

8.818 

49 

4 

0.004  409 

24 

0.003  936 

83 

0.004 

13.937 

50 

11.023 

11 

5 

0.005  5il 

56 

0.004  921 

03 

0.005 

16.075 

37 

13.227 

73 

6 

O.OOG  613 

87 

0.005  905 

24 

0.006 

18.754 

60 

15.432 

36 

7 

0.007  716 

18 

0.006  889 

44 

0.007 

21.433 

83 

17.636 

98 

8 

0.008  818 

49 

0.007  873 

65 

0.008 

24.113 

06 

19.841 

60 

9 

0.009^920 

80 

0.008  857 

80 

0.009 

2430.56 

2000 

907.18 

1 

0.892  87 

0.907  18 

4861.11 

4000 

1814.37 

2 

1.785  71 

1.814  37 

7291.67 

6000 

2721.55 

3 

■  2.678  57 

2.721  53 

9722.22 

8000 

3628.74 

4 

3.571  43 

3.628  74 

12  152.78 

10  000 

4535.92 

5 

4.464  29 

4.535  92 

14  583.33 

12  000 

5443.11 

6 

5.357   14 

5.443  11 

17  013.89 

14  000 

6350 . 29 

7 

6.250  00 

6.350  29 

19  444.44 

10  000 

7257.48 

8 

7.142  86 

7.257  48 

21  875.00 

18  009 

8164.66 

9 

8.030  71 

8.164  66 

2722.22 

2240 

1016.05 

1.12 

1 

1.016  05 

5444.44 

4480 

2032.09 

2.24 

2 

2.032  09 

8166.67 

6720 

3048.14 

3.36 

3 

3:048  14 

10  888.89 

8960 

4064.19 

4.48 

4 

4.064  19 

13  611.11 

11  200 

5080.24 

5.60 

5 

5.080  24 

16  333.33 

13  440 

6096.28 

6.72 

6 

6.090  28 

19  055.56 

15  680 

7112.32 

7.84 

7 

7.112  32 

21  777.78 

17  920 

8128.38 

8.69 

8 

8.128  38 

24  500.00 

20  160 

9144.42 

10.08 

9 

9.144  42 

2679.23 

2204.62 

1000 

1.102  31 

0.984  21 

1 

5358.46 

4409.24 

2000 

2.204  62 

1.968  41 

2 

8037.69 

6813.87 

3000 

3.306  93 

2.952  62 

3 

10  716.91 

8818.49 

4000 

4.409  24 

3.936  83 

4 

13  937.50 

11  023.11 

5000 

5.511  56 

4.921  03 

5 

16  075.37 

13  227.73 

6000 

6.613  87 

5.905  24 

6 

18  754.60 

15  432.36 

7000 

7.716  18 

6.889  44 

7 

21  433.83 

17  636.98 

8000 

8.818  49 

7.873  65 

8 

24  113.06 

19  841.60 

9000 

9.920  80 

8.857  86 

9     - 

COMPARISON     OF     PRICES. 


Francs        Dollars 

Francs        Dollars 

Franca        Dollars 

Francs      ■  Dollars 

Shillings      Dollars 

Per  Kilo-    Per  Avs. 

Per              Per 

Per         Per  U.  S. 

Per  Hec-          Per 

Per  Brit.     Per  U.  S. 

gram.         Pound. 

Meter.          Yard. 

Liter.        Liq.  Gal. 

toUter.        Bushel. 

Imp.Gal.     Liq.  Gal. 

1  =  0.083 

1  =  0.176 

1  =  0.731 

1  =  0.068 

1  =  0.203 

2  =  0.175 

2  =  0.353 

2  =  1.461 

2  =  0.136 

2  =  0.405 

3  =  0.263 

3  =  0.529 

3  =  2 . 192 

3  =  0.204 

3  =  0.608 

4  =  0.350 

4=0.706 

4  =  2.922 

4  =  0.272 

4  =  0.810 

5  =  0.438 

5  =  0.882 

5  =  3 . 653 

5  =  0.340 

5=1.013 

6  =  0.525 

6=1.0,59 

6  =  4.383 

6  =  0.408 

6=1.216 

7  =  0.613 

7=1.235 

7  =  5.114 

7  =  0.476 

7  =  1.418 

8  =  0.700 

8=1.412 

8  =  5.845 

8  =  0.544 

8  =  1.621 

9  =  0.788 

9=1.588 

9  =  6.575 

9  =  0.612 

9  =  1.824 

11.423  =  1 

5.666=1 

1.369=1 

14.704  =  1 

4.936=1 

22.846  =  2 

11.333  =  2 

2.738  =  2 

29.407  =  2 

9.871  =  2 

34.269  =  3 

16.999  =  3 

4.106  =  3 

44.111  =  3 

14.807  =  3 

45.692  =  4 

22.666  =  4 

5.475  =  4 

58.815  =  4 

19.742  =  4 

57.115  =  5 

28.332  =  5 

6.844  =  5 

73.519  =  5 

24.678  =  5 

68.537  =  6 

33.998  =  6 

8.213  =  6 

88.222  =  6 

29.613  =  6 

79.960  =  7 

39.665  =  7 

9.582  =  7 

102.926  =  7 

34 . 549  =  7 

91.383  =  8 

45.331  =  8 

10.950  =  8 

117.630  =  8 

39.484  =  8 

102.806  =  9 

50.997  =  9 

12.319  =  9 

132.334  =  9 

44.420  =  9 

94 


The  Physiology  of  Sleep. 


COMPARISON  OF  PRICES — COTUinued. 


Marks        Dollars 

Marks        Dollars 

Marks         Dollars 

Marks        Dollars 

Shillings      Dollars 

Per  Kilo-    Per  A  vs. 

Per              Per 

Per         Per  U.  S. 

Per  Hec-          Per 

Per  Brit.     Per  U.  S. 

gram.         Pound. 

Meter.      -  Yard. 

Liter.        Llq.  Gal. 

toliter.        Bushel. 

Bushel.        Bushel. 

1  =  0.108 

1  =  0.218 

1  =  0.901 

1  =  0.084 

1  =  0.236 

2  =  0.216 

2  =  0.435 

2  = 1 . 802 

2  =  0.168 

2  =  0.472 

3  =  0.324 

3=0.653 

3  =  2 . 703 

3  =  0 . 252 

3  =  0.707 

4  =  0.432 

4  =  0.871 

4  =  3.604 

4  =  0.335 

4  =  0.943 

6  =  0.540 

5=1.088 

5  =  4.505 

5  =  0.419 

5  =  1.179 

6  =  0.648 

6=1.306 

6  =  5 . 405 

6  =  0. 503 

6=1.415 

7  =  0.756 

7  =  1 .  523 

7  =  6 . 306 

7  =  0 . 587 

.7  =  1.650 

8  =  0.864 

8=1.741 

8  =  7.207 

8  =  0.671 

8=1.886 

9  =  0.972 

9=1.959 

9  =  8.108 

9  =  0.755 

9  =  2 . 122 

9.263  =  1     . 

4.595  =  1 

1.110=1 

11.924=1 

4.241  =  1 

18.526  =  2 

9.190  =  2 

2.220  =  2 

23.847  =  2 

8.483  =  2 

27.789  =  3 

13.785  =  3 

3 . 330  =  3 

35.771  =  3 

12.724  =  3 

37.052  =  4 

18 .  380  =  4' 

4,440  =  4 

47.694  =  4 

16,966  =  4 

46.316  =  5 

22.975  =  5 

6.550  =  5 

59.618  =  5 

21.207  =  5 

55.579  =  6 

27 . 570  =  6 

6.660  =  6 

71.542  =  6 

25.449  =  6 

64.842  =  7 

32.165  =  7 

7.770  =  7 

83.465  =  7 

29.690  =  7 

74.105=8 

36.760  =  8 

8 . 880  =  8 

95.389  =  8 

33.932  =  8 

83.368  =  9    ■ 

41.355  =  9 

9.990  =  9 

107.312  =  9 

38.173  =  9 

IMPORTANT  TUNNE 

Alberg — Under  the  Alps  at  the  Arl  Mountain,  and 
^  extends  from  Langen  to  St.  Anton,  GH  miles; 
F  opened  1884. 

Andes  Mountains — See  "Trans-Andlne." 
Big  Bend — Drains    the    Feather    River  In   Cali- 
fornia, 2  miles:  opened  1886. 
Bitter  Root  Mountains  (Montana  and  Idaho)  — 

10,100  feet  long. 
Blackwell — Under  River  Thames,  England,  1  M 

miles;  opened  1897. 
Busk-Ivanhoe   Tunnel    on    the    Colorado    Midland 

R.  R.,  9,600  feet  long,  single  track,    under    the 

Continental  Divide,  in  Lake  asd  Pitkin  counties, 

Colo, 
Cascade  Mountain — Through  the  Cascade  Mount- 
ains in  Washington,  3  miles. 
Connaught — Through   Selkirk   Mountains,   Canada'. 

on  Caoadlan  Pacific  Railroad,  double  track,  about 

5  miles  long;  completed  1916. 
Continental  Divide,  for  the  Denver  and  Salt  Lake 

R.  R.,  6.4  miles  long  (under  survey). 
Cumberland — Under    Cumberland      Mountains, 

Tenuessee,  8,000  feet  long. 
Detroit  (Michigan  Central  Ry.) — Under  Detroit 

River. 
Gunnison — Southwestern      Colorado,     6     miles; 

opened  1909. 
Hoosac — Through     Hoosac      Mountains,  Mass., 

4ji  miles;  opened  1873. 
Khojak  Pass — India,  from  Quetta  to. Kandahar, 

2  miles. 
Loetschberg — Through    the    Alps,    in    Oberland, 

Switzerland.  9K  miles;  opened  June  20,  1913, 

costing  nearly  $10,000,000. 
Mt.  Roberts — From  the  shore  of  Gastineau  Chan- 
,     nel  at  Juneau,  Alaska,  into  Silver  Bow  Basin, 
-  11-3  miles. 


LS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Mont  d'Or — Between  France  and  Switzerland, 
was  bored  through  October  2,  1913.  The 
tunnel  pierces  the  Jura  Mountains  from  Fresne 
to  Vaiiorbe,  and  Is  3  5!^  miles  long. 

Mont  Cenis — Italy  to  France,  under  the  Col  de 
Frejus,  8  miles:  opened  1871. 

New  Croton — Supplies  water  to  New  York  City, 
33  1-S  miles;  opened  1888. 

Otlra — In  New  Zealand,  5  1-3  miles. 

Rove — Northwest  from  I'Estaque,  France,  part  of 
canal  connecting  Marseilles  with  Riione  River; 
4  1-2  miles  long,  72  feet  wide,  47  feet  high;  opened 
in  1910. 

Rothschonberg — Drains  the  Felberg  mines. 
Saxony,  31^   miles;  opened  1877. 

St.-  Clair — Under  St.  Clair  River  from  Sarnia, 
Ont.,  to  Port  Huron,  Mich.,  2  miles;  opened 
1891. 

St.  Gothard — Through  the  Alps,  connects 
Goschenen  with  .A.lrolo,  in  Switzerland,  9  1-3 
miles:  opened  1881. 

Severn — From  Monmouthshire  to  Gloucester- 
shire, England,  4^  miles;  opened  1886. 

Slmpion — Through  the  Alps,  12 H  miles:  opened 
1905. 

Strawberry — Through     the  Wasatch    Mountains. 

Sutro  —  Drains  the  Comstock  Lode  \r\  Nevada, 
4^  miles:  opened  1879. 

Tians-Andine  Ry.  Tunnel — 2  miles  long,  10,486 
feet  above  sea  level  and  affords  direct  com- 
munication between  Valparaiso  and' Buenos 
Ayres;  opened  April  5,  1910. 

Wasserfluh^r-In  the  Alps,  between  Bunnadern 
and  Llchtenstelg,  Switzerland,  2  miles;  opened 
1909. 

Woodhead — Between  Manchei?ter  and  Sheflleldi 
England,  3  miles. 


THE    PHYSIOLOGY    OF    SLEEP. 

(By  R.  Legendre    of  Paris.) 


If  the  need  of  sleep  is  due  to  an,accumulation  of  toxic  waste  products  in  the  organism,  one  ought  to 
'be  able,  by  Injecting  tliese  substances  into  a  normal  animal,  to  communicate  the  necessity  for  sleep.  Our 
iflrst  experiments  in  that  direction  were  unsuccessful.  By  injecting  into  a  vein  of  a  normal  dog  some  blood 
or  serum  taken  from  a  dog  exhausted  by  loss  of  sleep,  we  had  no  very  definite  results,  although  in  some  cases 
iwe  brought  on  some  modifications  ot  the  cells  ot  the  frontal  lobe,  and  by  Injecting  these  same  substances 
Idirectiy  into  the  brain  we  were  no  more  successful.  Could  it,  therefore,  be  concluded  that  wakefulness 
Is  not  accompanied  by  the  accumulation  of  toxic  substances,  and  Is  caused  only  by  the  Impoverishment  of 
the  nerve  cells?  This  conclusion  was  possible,  but  it  might  equally  be  the  case  that  the  blood  of  the  normal 
animal  destroyed  the  substances  injected  in  small  doses,  or  that  their  quantity  was  too  small.  To  remove 
this  last  doubt  we  made  our  Injections  by  another  method.  There  exists,  in  the  interior  and  around  the 
nerve  centers,  a  liquid  called  the  cerebro-spinai  fluid,  which  completely  envelops  them.  You  can  get  this 
fluid  either  at  the  lower  end  of  the  spine,  and  is  there  reached  by  lumbar  puncture,  and  in  spinal  anesthesia, 
or  between  the  occipital  bone  and  the  first  vertebra,  at  the  level  of  the  fourth  ventricle  ot  the  brain,  and  It 
is  there  that  we  operated. 

The  serum,  or,  better  yet,  the  cerebro-spinai  fluid,  ot  an  animal  exhausted  by  loss  of  sleep.  If  injected 
under  these  conditions  into  a  normal  animal,  produces  In  the  latter  in  about  half  an  hour  an  imperative 
need  of  sleep.  The  animal  so  injected  is  benumbed  little  by  little,  its  eyelids  cUnk,  its  limbs  relax,  its  eyes 
close.  It  loses  all  attention,  and  it  responds  but  feebly  to  strong  stimulation.  Its  brain  presents  the  charac- 
teristic lesions  of  insomnia.  The  injections,  under  the  same  conditions,  of  liquids  from  a  normal  animal 
.  have  no  effect  at  all.  You,  therefore,  may  conclude  from  these  experiments  that  it  Is  possible  to  transmit 
the  absolute  need  of  sleep  from  an  exhausted  animal  to  a  normal  one,  and  also  that  the  liquids  of  exhausted 
animals  have  a  property  or  contain  a  substance  capable  of  producing  sleep. 


Foreign  Money   Units  of  Value. 


95 


KNOTS    AND    MILES. 

The  Statute  Mile  is  5.280  feet.  The  British  Admiralty  Knot  or  Nautical  Mile  is  6,080  feet 
The  Statute  Knot  is  6,082.66  feet,  and  is  generaily  considered  the  standard.  The  number  of  feet  in  a 
statute  linot  is  arrived  at  thus:  The  circumference  of  the  earth  is  divided  into  360  degrees,  each  degree 
containing  60  knots  or  (360x60),  21,600  knots  to  the  circumference.  21,600  divided  into  131,385,456 — 
the  numljer  of  feet  in  the  earth's  circumference — gives  6,082.66  feet — the  length  of  a  standard  mlie. 


1  knot  =1.151  miles]   4  knots 

2  knots  =2.303  miles    5  knots 

3  knots  =3.454  milesllO  knots 


=  4.606  milesl  20  knots 
=  5.757  miles  25  knots 
=  11.515  milesl    6  feet 


=  23.030  milesi  600  feet  =  1  cable 

=  28.787  miles    10  cables  -1  knot 

=  1  fatliom      I 


ANCIENT    GREEK    AND    ROMAN    WEIGHTS    AUD    tt'SEASURES. 

WITH  AMERICAN  EQUIVALENTS. 
WEIGHTS. 

The  Roman  libra  or  pound  =  10  oz.  18  pwt.  13  5-7  gr.,  Troy. 
Tne  Attica  mina  or  pound  =  11  oz.  7  pwt.  16  2-7  gr.,  Troy. 
The  Attica  talent  (60  mlnse)  =  56  lbs.  11  oz.  0  pwt.  17  1-7  gr.,  Troy. 


njY  MEASURE. 

The  Roman  modus  =  1  pk.  2-9  pint. 
The  Attic  chcenix  =  nearly  1  'A  pints. 
The  Attic  medimnus  =  4  pk.  6  1-10  pints. 

LIQUID  MIUASURi;. 

The  cotyle  =  a  little  over  i4  Pint. 
The  cyathus  =  a  little  over  IH  pints. 
The  chu3  =  a  little  over  6%  pints. 

LONG  MEASURE,- 

The  Roman  foot  =  113-5  inches. 
The  Roman  cubit  =  1  ft  5%  Inches. 
The  Roman  pace  =  4  ft.  10  inches. 
The  Roman  furlong  =  604  ft.  10  inches. 
The  Roman  mile  =  4,835  teet. 

The  modern  drachma  eciuais  19.3  cents. 
Roman  aureus  was  worth  $4.50. 


The  Grecian  cubit  =  1  ft.  6  '4  incfies. 
The  Grecian  furlong  =  504  ft.  4  1-5  inches. 
The  Grecian  mile  =  4,030  feet. 

MONBy, 

The  quadrans  =  1  1-10  miiis. 

Tlieas=l  3-10  mills. 

The  sestertius  =  3.58  -I-  cents. 

The  sestertlum  (1,000  sestertii)  =S35.80. 

The  denarius  =14.35-1-  cents. 

The  Attic  oboius  =  2.39  + cents. 

The  drachma  =  14.35  + cents.* 

The  mina  (100  drachmie)  =  $14.35  +  . 

The  talent  (60  minss)  =  S861 .00. 

The  Greek  .stater  was  worth  S4;  the  Persian,  S5.35. 
Each  coin  was  of  silver,  composed  of  20  drachma, 
each  drachma  equal  in  value  to  19}^  cents,  Am- 
erican money. 

The  Greek  stater  weighed  134.75  giains  avoirdupois.      The 


BIBLICAL    WEIGHTS    REDUCED    TO    TROV 

WEIGHT. 

Lbs. 

Oz. 

Pwt. 

Gr. 

The  Gerah,  one-twentieth  of  a  Shekel 

0 
0 
0 
2 
125 

0 
0 
0 
6 
0 

0 
5 
10 
0 
0 

12 

The  Bekah,  half  a  Shekel 

0 

The  Shekel      

0 

The  Maneh,  60  Shekels 

0 

The  Talent,  50  Manehs,  or  3,000  Shekels 

0 

ELECTRICAL    UNITS    AND    THEIR    POPULAR    DEFINITIONS. 

The  watt  Is  the  unit  expressing  electrical  energy  as  horsepower  (hp)  represents  energy  in  mechanics. 
It  is  the  sum  of  the  volt  (pressure)  times  ampere  (rate  of  flow).  Thus  2  volis  times  2  amperes  would  give 
you  4  watts.  .  Electrical  energy  is  sold  at  so  much  per  watt  hour  or  more  generally  at  a  given  amount  per 
kilowatt  hour — which  means  1,000  watt  hours.  This  may  represent  1  watt  for  1,000  hours  or  say  1,000 
watts  for  1  hour.  746  watts  are  equal  to  one  horsepower  or  inversely  1  kilowatt  (kw)  is  equal  to  1}4  horse- 
power. 

The  horsepower  represents  the  energy  required  to  lift  a  weight  of  33.000  pounds — 1  foot  In  1  minute  or 
650  lbs.  1  foot  in  1  second. 

The  ohm  is  the  unit  of  electrical  resistance  and  represents  the  physical  property  of  a  material  which 
offers  a  resistance  to  the  flow  of  electricity  permitting  Just  1  ampere  to  flow  at  1  volt  of  pressure.  For 
example,  1,000  feet  of  copper  wire  of  10  gauge  has  Just  1  ohm  of  resistance  and  allows  the  flow  of  1  ampere 
at  1  volt. 

A  dry  battery  is  made  by  placing  in  a  hollow  receptacle  of  zinc  a  piece  of  carbon,  the  intervening  space 
being  filled  with  a  mixture  containing  certain  chemicals,  such  as  manganese  dioxide,  powdered  carbon  and 
some  absorbent  material  such  as  sawdust,  which  is  then  saturated  with  sal  ammoniac  and  the  receptacle 
sealed.  The  chemical  action  set  up  produces  a  flow  of  electricity  when  the  two  electrodes,  the  carbon  and 
the  zinc,  are  connected  by  a  conductor  of  electricity  such  as  a  wire,  a  lamp  or  a  motor. 

THEODOEE  DWIGHT. 


FOREIGN    MONEY    UNITS    OF    VALUE. 

English  Money:  4  farthings — 1  penny  (d):  12  pence — 1  shilling  (s);  20  shillings — 1  pound  (£).  21 
shillings — one  guinea;  5  shillings — one  crown.  French  Money:  100  centimes — 1  franc.  German  Money: 
100  pfennig — 1  mark.  Russian  Money:  100  copecks — ^1  ruble.  Austro-Hungarian  Money:  100 
teller — 1  krone  (crown).  \ 

For  United  States  equivalents,  see  table  of  "Value  of  Foreign  Coins  in  U.  S.  Money." 


96 


Philippine  Weights  and  Measures. 


BRITISH    MEASURES    AND    WEIGHTS. 

The  measures  of  length  and  the  weightj  are  nearly,  practically,  the  same  as  those  In  use  In  the  United 
States.  The  English  ton  is  2,240  lbs.  avoirdupois,  the  same  as  the  long  ton,  or  shipping  ton,  of  the  United 
States.  The  English  hundredweight  is  112  lbs.  avoirdupois,  the  same  as  the  long  hundredweight  or  the 
United  States.  The  English  stone  is  usually  equal  to  one-eighth  hundredweight  of  112  lbs.,  or  14  lbs.  avoir- 
dupois. The  meter  has  been  legalized  at  39.37079  inches,  but  the  length  of  39.370432  inches,  as  adopted  by 
France,  Germany,  Belgium  and  Russia,  is  frequently  used. 

The  Imperial  gallon,  the  basis  of  the  system  ol  capacity,  involves  an  error  of  about  1  part  in  1.836: 
10  lbs.  of  water=  277.123  cubic  inches.     (A.  late  authority  gives  the  weight  of  the  Imperial  gallon  as  10.017 
poundB  and  of  the  United  States  gallon  as  8.345  pounds.) 
riK    The  English  statute  mile  is  1,760  yards,  or  5,280  feet.    The  following  are  measures  of  capacity: 


Names. 

.Pounds  of 
Water. 

Cubic  Inches. 

Litres. 

United  States' 
Equivalents. 

4  gills         =  1  pint 

1.25 
2.5 
5 
10 

20    1£ 

SO        &,3 
320       Q-^ 
640           S 

34.66 

69.32 

138.64 

277.27 

554 . 55 

2218.19 

8S72 . 77 

17745.54 

0.56793 

1.13586 

2.27173 

4.54346 

9.08692 

36.34766 

145.39062 

290.7813 

1,20032  liqtiid  pints. 

2  pints       =  1  quart 

1.20032      "      quarts. 

2  quarts     =  1  pottle 

2.40064      " 

2  pottles    =  1  gallon 

1.200.S2      "       irallona 

2  gallons    —  1  peck    

1.03152  dry  pecks. 

4'  pecks      =  1  bushel 

1.03152    '•     bushels. 

4  busiiels   —  1  coomb 

4.12606    " 

2  coombs  =  1  quarter 

8.2521      '• 

A  cubic  foot  of  pure  gold  weighs  1,210  pounds;   pure  silver, 
650  pounds:  lead,  710  pounds;   pure  platinum,  1,220  pounds; 

655  pounds;   cast  iron.  450  pounds;   copper, 
tin,  456  pounds;  aluminum,  163  pounds. 

U.    S.    WEIGHTS    AND    MEASURES. 

Apothecaries' Weight:  20  grains  =  1  scruple;  3  scruples  =  1  dram;  8  drams  =  1  ounce;  12  ounces » 
1  pound 

Avoirdupois  Weight  (short  ton) :  27  11-32  grains=  1  dram;  16  drams  =  1  ounc«;  16  ounces  =  1  pound; 
25  pounds  =  1  quarter;  4  quarters  =  1  cwt.;   20  cwt.  =  1  ton. 

Avoirdupois  Weight  (long  ton) ;  27  11-32  grains  =  1  dram;  16  drams  =  1  ounce;  16  ounces  =  1  pound: 
112  pounds  =  1  cwt. ;   20  cwt.  =  1  ton. 

Troy  Weight:    24  grains  =  1  pennyweight;   20  pennyweights  =  1  ounce;    12  ounces  =  1  pound. 

Circular  Measure:  60  seconds  =  1  minute;  60  minutes  =  1  degree;  30  degrees  =  1  sign;  12  signs  =« 
1  circle  or  circumference. 

Cubic  Measure:    1,728  cubic  inches  =  1  cubic  foot;   27  cubic  feet  =  1  cubic  yard. 

Dry  Measure:    2  pints  =  I  quart;   8  quarts  =  1  peck;  4  pecks  =  1  bushel. 

Liquid  Measure:  4gills  =  l  pint;  2  pints  =  1  quart;  4  quarts=l  gallon;  31!^  gallons=l  barrel;  2 
barrels  =  1  hogshead. 

Long  Measure:  12  inches  =1  foot;  3  feet  =  1  yard;  5  4  yards  =1  rod  or  pole;  40  rod3=l  furlong; 
8  furlongs  =  1  statuto  mile  (1,760  yar'ls  or  5,280  feet) ;  3  miles  =  1  league. 

Mariners'  Measure:  6  feet=l  fathom;  120  fathoms=l  cable  length;  TA  cable  lengths=l  mile: 
5,280  feet  =  1  statute  mile;   6,085  feet=  1  nautical  mile. 

Paper  Measure:  24  sheets  =  1  quire;  20  quires  =  1  ream  (480  sheets);  2  reams  =  1  bundle;  5bundle3  = 
1  bale. 

Square  Mea-sure:  144  square  inches  =  1  square  foot;  9  square  feet  =  1  square  yard;  30  H  square  yards 
=  1  square  rod  or  perch;  40  square  rods=l  rood;  4  roods  =1  acre;  640  acres  =1  square  mile;  36  square 
miles  (6  miles  square)  =  1  township. 

Time  Measure:  60  seconds  =  1  minute;  60  minutes  =  1  hour;  24  hours  =1  day;  7  daya=l  week; 
365  daj's  =  1  year;  366  days  =  1  leap  year. 


MEDICAL    SIGNS    AND    ABBREVIATIONS. 

R  (Lat.  Recipe),  take;  aa,  of  each;  lb;  pound;  ^  ,  ounce;  3  ,  drachm;  g .  scruple:  TT),.  minim,  or  drop; 
O  or  o,  pint;  f  5  ,  fluid  ounce;  f  3  ,  fluid  drachm;  as,  5  ss,  half  an  ounce;  ?  i,  one  ounce.  5  Iss,  one  ounce 
and  a  half;  5  ij,  two  ounces;  gr.,  grain;  Q.  S.,  as  much  as  sufficient;  Ft.  Mist.,  let  a  mixture  be  made;  Ft. 
Haust.,  let  a  draught  be  made;  Ad.,  add  to;  Ad  lib.,  at  pleasure;  Aq.,  water;  M.,  mix;  Mac,  macerate; 
Pulv.,  powder;  PH.,  pill;  Solv,  dissolve:  St.,  let  it  stand;  Sum.,  to  be  taken;  D.,  dose;  Dil.,  dilute:  Filt., 
filter;  Lot.,  awash;  Garg  ,  a  gargle;  Hor.  Decub.,  at  bed  time;  Inject.,  injection;  Gtt.,  drops;  ss,  one-naif; 
Ess.,  essence. 


26,000,000 

1.000,000 

25,000,000 

12,500,000 

,   8,333,333 

6,250,000 

7,225,600 

3,612,800 

1,806,400 

903,200 

451,600 

225,800 

5,645 

To  find  the 

exact,  by  177  >0 


TEXAS    ISPANISH)    LAND    MEASURE. 

(Also  used  In  Mexico,  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  California.) 


square  varas  (square  of  5,099 
square  varas  (square  of  1,()00 
square  varas  (square  of  5,000 
square  varas  (square  of  3,535.5 
square  varas  (square  of  2,886.7 
square  varas  (square  of  2,50() 
square  varas  (square  of  2,688 
square  varas  (square  of  1,900.8 
square  varas  (square  of  1,344 
square  varas  (square  of     950.44 
square  varas  (square  of     672 
square  varas  (square  of     475 


varas)  =  1  league  and  1  labor  =  4,605.5      acres. 

varas)  =  1  labor 

varas)  =  1  league 

varas)  =  H  league 

varas)  =  H  league 

varas)  =  M  league 

varas) 

varas  =  1  section 

varas)  =  H  section 

varas)  =  K  section 

varas)  =  H  section 


=     177.13e 

acres. 

=  4,428.4 

acres. 

=  2,214.2 

acres. 

=  1.476.13 

acres. 

=  1,107.1 

acres. 

=  1,280 

acres. 

=     640 

acres. 

=     320 

acres. 

=     160 

acres. 

=      80 

acres. 

=       40 

acres. 

1 

acre. 

varas)  =  1-16  section 
376  square  varas  (square  of       75.137  varas)  =4,840  square  yards     = 

number  of  acres  in  any  number  of  square  varas,  multiply  the  latter  by  177  (or  to  be  more 
,  and  cut  off  six  decimals. 
,    1  vara  =  33  H  inches.  1.900.8  varas  =1  mile. 


■1  pulgada  (12  lineaV 
a.  pie 
1  vara 
1  gantah 
1  cabaa 


PHILIPPINE    WEIGHTS    AND 

=         .927    inch. 
=     11.125    inches. 
=     33.375    inches. 
=         .8796  gallon. 
<a     21,991  gallons. 


MEASURES. 

1  libra  (16  onzo) 
1  arroba 
1  catty  (16  tael) 
1  pecul  (100  catty) 


1.0144  lb.  av, 

25360    lb.  av. 

1.394    lb.  av. 

139.482   lb.  av. 


Areas  of  Circles. 


97 


YEARLY    WAGE    TABLE. 


Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Per 

Year. 

Month . 

Week. 

Day. 

Year. 

Month . 

Week 

Day. 

Year. 

Month. 

Week. 

Day. 

S20is 

SI. 67 

SO.  38 

SO.  05 

SlOO  is 

S8.33 

SI.  92 

$0.27 

SI 80  is 

.$15.00 

$3.45 

SO.  49 

25 

2.08 

.48 

.07 

105 

8.75 

2.01 

.29 

185 

15.42 

3.55 

.51 

30 

2.50 

.58 

.08 

110 

9.17 

2.11 

.30 

190 

15.83 

3.64 

.52 

35 

2.92 

.67 

.10 

115 

9.58 

2.21 

.32 

195 

16.25 

3.74 

.53 

40 

3.33 

.77 

.11 

120 

10.00 

2.30 

.33 

200 

16.57 

3.84 

.55 

■45 

3.75 

.86 

.12 

125 

10.<.2 

2.40 

.34 

205 

17.08 

3.93 

.56 

50 

4.17 

.96 

.14 

130 

10.83 

2.49 

.36 

210 

17.50 

4.03 

.58 

55 

4.58 

1.06 

.15 

135 

11.25 

2.59 

.37 

215 

17.92 

4.12 

.59 

60 

5.00 

1.15 

.16 

140 

11.67 

2.69 

.38 

220 

18.33 

•^^.22 

.60 

65 

5.42 

1.25 

.18 

145 

12.08 

2.78 

.40 

225 

18.75 

4.31 

.62 

•  70 

5.83 

1.34 

.19 

150 

12.50 

2.88 

.41 

230 

19.17 

4.41 

.63 

75 

6.25 

1.44 

.21 

155 

12.92 

2.97 

.42 

235 

19.58 

4.51 

.64 

80 

6.67 

1.53 

.22 

160 

13.33 

3.07 

.44 

240 

20.00 

4.60 

.66 

85 

7.08 

1.63 

.23 

165 

13.75 

3.16 

.45 

245 

20.42 

4.70 

.67 

90 

7.50 

1.73 

.25 

170 

14   17 

3.26 

.47 

250 

20.83 

4.79 

.69 

WEEKLY 

M^ACE    TABLE 

• 

HODRS. 

$1.00. 

$2.00. 

$3.00. 

$4.00. 

$5.00. 

$6.00. 

$7.00. 

$8.00. 

$9.00. 

$10.00. 

$11.00. 

$12.00. 

$13.00. 

$14.00. 

1^;  •:::::: 

2 

3 

.01 

.01 H 

.03  H 

.05 

.05% 

.08  H 

.10 

.11 H 

.13H 

.03  H 
MH 
.10 
.13H 
•  16  5-^ 
.20 
.23  H 
.26?^ 

.02  M 

\m 

.10 
.15 
.20 
.25 
.30 
.35 
.40 

.06  M 
.13H 
.20 
.26  K 
.33  H 
-.40 
.46  K 
•53  H 

•04  >^ 
•08  H 

•  16% 
•25 

33  H 
•41% 
.50 

•  58!^ 

•  62% 

.05 
.10 
.20 
.30 
.40 
.50 
.60 
.70 
.80 

.06 

.11% 

•23% 

.35 

•46% 

•58% 

.70 

•81% 

•93% 

•06% 

•  13% 
.26% 
.40 
.53% 
•66% 
.80 

•  93% 
U06% 

.07  H 

.15 

.30 

.45 

.60 

.75 

.PO 
1.05 
1.20 

.08% 

.16% 

.33% 

.50 

•  66% 

•83% 

1.00 

1.16% 

1.33% 

.09 
.18% 
.36% 
.55 
.73% 
.91% 
1.10 
1.28% 
1.46% 

.10 

.20 

.40 

.60 

.80 

1.00 

1.20 

1.40 

1,60 

.11 

.22 

.43% 

.65 

•86% 
IMH 
1.30 
1.52 
1.73% 

.12 

.46% 
70 

4 

.93% 
1.16% 
}  40 

5 

6 

7 

1.63% 
1.86% 

8 

Days. 

1... 

2 

.mi 

.66  « 
.83  H 
1.00 

.33  H 
.665^ 

1. 00 

1.331^ 

1.66?^ 

2.00 

.50 
1.00 
1.50 
2.00 
2.50 
3.00 

.66  K 

1.33H 
2.00 
2.66% 
3.33  H 
4.00 

.83!^ 
1.66% 
2.50 
3.33!^ 
4.16% 
5.00 

■ 

1.00 
2.00 
3.00 
4.00 
5.00 
6.00 

M6% 

2a3% 

3^50 

4.66% 

5.83% 

7.00 

K33% 
2.66% 
4.00    . 
5.33% 
6  •66% 
8.00 

1.50 
3.00 
4.50 
6.00 
7.50 
».00 

1.66% 
3^33% 
5.00 
6.66% 
8.33% 
10.00 

1.83% 
3.66% 
5.50 
7.33% 
9.16% 
11.00 

2.00 
4.00 
6.00 
8.00 

10.00. 

12.00 

2.17 
4.34 
6.51 
8.68 
10.85 
13.00 

2.33% 
4.66% 

3 

4... . 

6.99% 
9  33 

5 

6 

11  6b% 
14.00 

AREAS    OF    CIRCLES. 

To  find  the  circumference  of  a  circle  multiply  the  diameter  by  3.14159265  (commonly  expressed  aa 
3.1416).  To  find  the  area  of  a  circle  multiply  the  square  of  the  diameter  by  .785398  (usually  expressed 
as  .7864).  To  find  the  cubic  contents  of  a  cylinder  or  pipe,  multiply  the  area  by  the  heighth  or  depth. 
Thus,  a  pipe  1  foot  in  diameter  and  1  foot  in  length,  contains  .7854  cubic  feet.  To  find  how  many  gallons 
are  cont.alned  in  a  pipe  or  cylinder,  divide  the  cubic  contents  by  231,  which  is  the  number  of  cubic  inches 
in  a  United  States  gallon. 

CIRCLE    AREAS    IN    EIGHTHS    OF    A    UNIT. 


Diam- 

Circum- 

Ai*ea! 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

Diam- 

Circum-i   a  ,„„ 

DlA.M- 

Circum-i     » ,„„ 

eter. 

ference 

eter. 

ference  . 

eter. 

ference. 

eter. 

ference. 

1-32 

.09817 

.0007 

9-16 

1.76715 

.2485 

1 

3.14159 

.7854 

2 

6.28319 

3.1416 

1-16 

-.19635 

.0030 

19-32 

1 . 86532 

.2768 

1     1-16 

3.33794 

.8866 

2    3-16 

6.87223 

3.7583 

3-32 

.29452 

.0069 

21-32 

2.06167 

.3882 

1     3-16 

3.73064 

1.1075 

■2    5-16 

7.26493 

4.2000 

3-16 

. 58904 

.0276 

11-16 

2.15984 

.3712 

1     5-16 

4.12334 

1 . 3530 

2    7-16 

7.65763 

4.6664 

.       7-32 

.68722 

.«375 

23-32 

2.25802 

.4057 

1     7-16 

4.51604 

1 . 6230 

2    9-16 

8.05033 

5.1572 

9-32 

.88357 

.0-521 

25-32 

2.45437 

.4793 

1     9-16 

4.90874 

1.9175 

2  11-16 

8.44303 

5.6727 

11-32 

1.07992 

.  0928 

27-32 

2 . 65072 

.5591 

1  11-16 

5.30144 

2.2365 

2  13-16 

8.83573 

6.2126 

13-32 

1.27627 

.1296 

29-32  2.84707 

.6450 

1  13-16 

5.69414 

2 . 5802 

1   2  15-16  9.22843 

6.7771 

CIRCLE    AREAS    IN    TENTHS    OF    A 

UNIT. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

eter. 

ference. 

eter. 

ference. 

eter. 

ference. 

eter. 

ference. 

0.1 

.31415 

.00785 

1.0 

3.14159 

.78539 

1.9 

5.96902 

2.83529 

2.8 

8.79645 

6.15752 

0.2 

.62831 

.03141 

1.1 

3.45575 

..95033 

2.0 

6.28318 

3.14159 

2.9 

9.11061 

6.60520 

0.3 

. 94247 

.07068 

1.2 

3.76991 

i:  13097 

2.1 

6.59734 

3.46361 

3.0 

9.42477 

7.06858 

0.4 

1.25663 

.12566 

1.3 

4.08407 

1.32732 

2.2' 

6.91150 

3.80133 

3.1 

9.73893 

7.54768 

0.5 

1.57079 

.19635 

1.4 

4.39823 

1 , 53938 

2.3 

7.22566 

4.15476 

3.2 

10.05310 

8 . 04248 

0.6 

1.88495 

.28274 

1.5 

4.71238 

1.76715 

2.4 

7.53982 

4.52389 

3.3 

10.36726 

8.55299 

0.7 

2.19911 

.38484 

1.6 

5.02654 

2.01062 

2.5 

7.85398 

4.90874 

3.4 

10.68142 

9.07920 

0.8 

2.51327 

. 50265 

1.7 

5.34070 

2 . 26980 

2.6 

8.16814 

5.30929 

3.5 

10.99557 

9.62113 

0.9 

2 . 82743 

.63617 

1.8 

5.65486 

2.54469 

2.7 

8.48230 

5.72555 

3.6     11.30973 

10.17876 

CIRCLE 

AREAS    IN    TWELFTHS    OF    A    UNIT. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

Area. 

Diam- 

Circum- 

eter. 

ference  . 

eter. 

ference  . 

eter. 

ference  . 

eter. 

ference. 

Feet 

Iv 

Feet. 

Sg.Feet. 

Feet 

rn 

Feet. 

Sg.Feet. 

Feet 

In. 

Feet. 

Sg.Feet. 

Feet 

In. 

Feet. 

Sg.Feet. 

0 

1 

.26179 

.00545 

0 

10 

2.61799 

.54541 

7 

4.97419 

1 . 96895 

2 

4 

7 .  33038 

4.27606 

0 

?, 

. 52359 

.02181 

0 

11 

2.87979 

.65995 

H 

5.23599 

2.18166 

2 

5 

7.59218 

4.58694 

0 

3 

.78539 

. 04908 

0 

3.14159 

.78539 

9 

5.49779 

2 . 40528 

2 

6 

7.85398 

4.90874 

0 

4 

1.04719 

.08726 

1 

3 . 40339 

.92175 

10 

5.75959 

2 . 6398 1 

2 

7 

8.11578 

5.24144 

0 

5 

1.30899 

.13635 

?. 

3.66519 

1.06901 

11 

6.02139 

2.88525 

2 

8 

8.37758 

5.58505 

n 

6 

1 . 57079 

.19635 

3 

3.92699 

1.22718 

2 

0 

6.28319 

3.14159 

2 

9 

8.63938 

5.93957 

0 

7 

1.83259 

.26726 

4 

4.18879 

1 . 39626 

2 

1 

6,54498 

3.40885 

2 

10 

8.90118 

6 .  30500 

0 

S 

2.09439 

.34906 

5 

4 . 45059 

1 . 57625 

2 

2 

6.80678 

3.68701 

2 

11 

9.16298 

6.68134 

0 

9 

2.35619 

.44178 

6 

4.71239 

1.76715 

2 

3 

7.06858 

3.97608 

3 

0 

9.42478 

7.06858 

98 


Freezing,  Fusing  and  Boiling  Points. 


MONTHLY    WAGE    TABLE. 

(SIX    WORKING    DAYS    IN    THE    WEEK. 

Days. 

SIO 

SU 

$12 

$13 

$14 

$15 

$16 

$17 

$18 

$19 

$20 

1 

.38 

.77 

1.15 

1.64 

1.92 

2.31 

2.69 

3.08 

3.46 

3.&5 

4.23 

4.62 

5.00 

5.38 

5.77 

7.69 

10.00 

20.03 

30.00 

40.00 

50. 00 

60.00 

70.00 

80.00 

90.00 

100.00 

110.00 

120.00 

.42 

.85 

1.27 

1.69 

2.12 

2.54 

2.96 

3.38 

3.81 

4.23 

4.65 

5.08 

5.50 

5.92 

6.35 

8.46 

11.00 

22.00 

33.00 

4t.00 

55 .  00 

66.00 

77.00 

88.00 

99 .  00 

110.90 

121.00 

132.00 

.46 

.92 

1.38 

1.85 

2.31 

2.77 

3.23 

3.69 

4.15 

4.62 

5.08 

5.44 

6.00 

6.46 

6.92 

9.23 

12.00 

24.00 

36.00 

48.00 

60.00 

72.00 

84.00 

96.00 

108.00 

120.00 

132.00 

144.00 

.50 

1.00 

1.50 

2.00 

2.50 

3.00 

3.50 

4.00 

4.50 

5.0.0 

5.50 

6.00 

6.50 

7.00 

7.50 

10.00 

13.00 

26.00 

39.00 

52.00 

65.00 

78.00 

91.00 

104 . 00 

117.00 

130.00 

143.00 

156.00 

.54 

1.08 

1.62 

2.15 

2.69 

3.23 

3.77 

4,31 

4.85 

5. 38 

5.92 

6.46 

7.00 

7.54 

8.08 

10.77 

14.00 

28.00 

42.00 

56.00 

70.00 

84.00 

9?.  00 

112.00 

126.00 

140.00 

154.00 

168.00 

.58 

1.15 

1.73 

2.31 

2.88 

3.46 

4.04 

4.62 

5.19 

5.77 

6.35 

6  92 

7.50 

8.08 

8.65 

11.54 

15.00 

30.00 

45.00 

60.00 

75.00 

90.00 

105.00 

120.00 

135.00 

150.00 

165.00 

180.00 

.62 

1.23 

1.85 

2.46 

3.08 

3.69 

4.31 

4.92 

5.54 

6.15 

6.77 

7.38 

8.00 

8.62 

9.23 

12.31 

16.00 

32.00 

48.00 

64.00 

80.00 

96.00 

112.00 

128.00 

14^.00 

160.00 

176.00 

192.00 

.65 

1.31 

1.96 

2.62 

3.27 

3.92 

4.58 

5.23 

5.88 

6.54 

7.19 

7 .  85 

8.50 

9.15 

9.81 

13.03 

17.00 

34.00 

51  .00 

68.00 

85.00 

102.00 

119.00 

136.00 

153.00 

170.00 

187.00 

204 . 00 

.69 

1.38 

2.08 

2.77 

3.46 

4.15 

4.85 

5.54 

6.23 

6.92 

7.62 

8.31 

9.00 

9.69 

10.38 

13.85 

18.00 

36.00 

54.00 

72.00 

90.00 

1C8.00 

126.00 

144.00 

162.00 

180.00 

198.00 

216.00 

.73 

1.46 

2.19 

2.92 

3.65 

4. 38 

5.12 

5.85 

6.58 

7.31 

8.04 

8.77 

9.50 

10.23 

10,96 

14,62 

19.00 

38.00 

57.00 

76.00 

95.00 

114.00 

133.00 

152.00 

171.00 

190.00 

209 . 00 

228.00 

.77 

2 

1.54 

3 

2.31 

4 

3  08 

6 

3  85 

6 

4.62 

7 

5.38 

8 

6.15 

9 

6  92 

10 

7.69 

11 

8.40 

12 

9   23 

13 

10  00 

14 

10  77 

15 

11.54 

20 

15.38 

1  month 

20  00 

40  00 

60  00 

4 

80  00 

fi 

100  00 

120.00 

140  00 

fi 

160  00 

180  00 

io:::::::::::;:::::::: 

200  00 

{1.:::::::::.:::::.::: 

220  00 

1  year 

240 . 00 

TABLE  OF  HOURLY  RATES  OF  PAY. 

The  following  table  shows  the  corresponding  monthly  amount,  at  different  hourly  rates  of  pay  based 
on  eight,  nine,  ten,  and  twelve  hours'  {without  constructive  ovei'time)  work  per  day: 


Rates  op 

8  Hours 

9  Hours 

10  Hours 

12  Hours 

Rates  of 

8  Hours 

9  Hoars 

10  Hours 

12  Hours 

Pay. 

Daily. 

Daily. 

Daily. 

Daily. 

Pay. 

Daily. 

Daily. 

Daily. 

Dally. 

6  cents 

$10.20 

$11.50 

$12.75 

$15.30 

16  cents 

S32.64 

$36.80 

$40.80 

$48 . 96 

6  centis 

12.24 

13.80 

15.30 

18.36 

V7  cents 

34.68 

39.10 

43.35 

52.02 

7  cents 

14.28 

16.10 

17.85 

21.42 

18  cents^ .... 

>   36.72 

41.40 

45. ao 

55.08 

8  cents 

16.32 

18.40 

20.40 

24.48 

19  cents 

38.76 

43.70 

48.45 

58.14 

9  cents 

18.36 

20.70 

22.95 

27.54 

20  cents 

40.80 

46.00 

51.00 

61.20 

10  cents 

20.40 

23.00 

25.50 

30.60 

21  cents •. 

42.84 

48.30 

53.55 

64.26 

11  cents 

22.44 

25.30 

28.05 

33.66 

22  cents 

44.88 

50,60 

56.10 

67.32 

12  cents 

24.48 

27.60 

30.60 

36.72 

23  cents 

46.92 

52.90 

58.65 

70.32 

13  cents 

26.52 

29.90 

33.15 

39.78 

24  cents 

48.90 

55.20 

61-20 

73.44 

14  cents 

28.56 

32.20 

35.70 

42.84 

25  cents 

51.00 

5Z.50 
5Tr*80 

63.75 

76.50 

15  cents 

30.60 

34.50 

38.25 

45  90 

26  cents 

53.04 

66.30 

79.56 

SPECIFIC    GRAVITY. 

OF    VARIOUS    SUBSTANCES,    COMPARED    WITH    WATER. 


Liquids. 

- 

Timber. 

Sundries. 

Metals 

and  Sio/ies. 

Water 

Sea-water 

Dead  Sea 

. . .100 
. . . 103 
...124 
...   81 
...99 
...100 
...101 

Cork 

Poplar 

Fir 

...24 
...38 
.  .  .   55 

Indigo 

Ice 

Gunpowder 

Butter 

Clay       

...77 
...92 
...93 
. ..   91 
. . .120 

Gr^ite.  T 
Diamond. 
Cast  iron. . 

Tin 

Bar  iron.  . 

Steel 

Brass 

Copper.  .  . 

Silver 

Lead 

278 

35'3 

721 

Alcohol 

Turpentine 

Cedar 

Pear 

...61 
.    .   66 

729 

779 

Wine 

Walnut 

Cherry 

Maple 

AsU 

...67 
...72 
...75 
.    .    84 

Coal       

130 

783 

Urine 

. . .134 

840 

Cider 

Beer 

...  102 
.. .102 

Honey 

Ivory 

Sulphur 

Marble 

Ctialk 

. . .145 
. . . 183 
...203 
...270 
. . .279 

895 

1.047 

1,135 

Woman's  milk 

...102 
...  103 
...104 
...  104 

Beech 

Mahogany 

Oak 

Ebony 

...85 
...106 
...117 
,..133 

Cow's          "    .  .  .  . 
Goat's         "    

Mercury.  . 

Gold 

Platina .  .  . 

1.357 

1,926 

Porter 

Glass 

...289 

2.150 

The  weight  of  a  cubic  loot  of  distilled  water  at  a  temperature  of  60°  F.  is  1,000  ounces  Avoirdupois, 
very  nearli/,  therefore  the  weight  (In  ounces,  Avoirdupois)  of  a  cubic  foot  of  any  of  the  substances  in  the 
above  table  is  found  by  multiplying  the  specific  gravities  by  10,  thus: — one  cubic  foot  ol  oali  weighs  1,170 
ounces;  one  cubic  foot  of  marble  2,700  ounces,  and  so  on. 

FREEZING,    FUSING,    AND    BOILING    POINTS. 


Substances. 


Bromine  freezes  at 

Olive  oil  freezes  at 

Quicksilver  freezes  at ...  , 

Water  freezes  at 

Bismuth  metal  fuses  at. . . 

Copper  fuses  at 

Gold  fuses  at 

Iron  fuses  at 

Lead  fuses  at 

Potassium  fuses  at .....  . 


Reau- 
mur. 


—  17.6' 

—  3 
^31.5 

0 

211 

963 

1,105 

1,230 

260 

50 


Centi- 
grade. 


—  22"> 

—  4 

—  3».4 

0 

264 

1,204 

1,380 

1,538 

325 

62.5 


Fahren- 
heit. 


—  7.6' 
25 

—  39 
32 

507 

2,200 

2,518 

2,800 
617 
144.5 


StrBSTANCES. 


Silver  fuses  at .  .  . 
Sodium  fuses  at. . 
Sulphur  fuses  at. 

Tin  fuses  at 

Zinc  fuses  at 

Alcohol  boils  at.  . 
Bromine  bolls  at. 
Ether  bolls  at.... 
Iodine  boils  at.  . . 
Water  boils  at .  .  . 


Reau- 

Centi- 

mur. 

grade. 

800° 

1,000^ 

76.5 

95.6 

92 

115 

182 

228 

329.6 

412 

63 

74.4 

50 

03 

28.4 

35.5 

140 

175 

80 

100 

Fahren- 
heit. 

1,832= 
204 
239 
442 
773 
167 
145 
96 
347 
212 


Authorities  vary  on  some  ol  these  points.     The  best  are  given. 


Present  Value  of  an  Annuity  of  $1,000. 


99 


MULTIPLICATION 

AND 

DIVISION    TABLE. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10' 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6. 

7 

8 

9 

10 

2 

4 

6 

8 

10 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

27 

54 

81 

108 

135 

162 

189 

216 

243 

270 

3 

6 

9 

12 

15 

18 

21 

24 

27 

30 

28 

56 

84 

112 

140 

168 

196 

224 

252 

280 

4 

8 

12 

16 

20 

24 

28 

32 

36 

40 

29 

58 

87 

116 

145 

174 

203 

232 

261 

290 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

30 

60 

90 

120 

150 

180 

210 

240 

270 

300 

;  6 

12 

18 

24 

30 

36 

42 

48 

54 

60 

31 

62 

93 

124 

155 

186 

217 

248 

279 

310 

7 

14 

21 

28 

35 

42 

49 

56 

63 

70 

32 

64 

96 

128 

160 

192 

224 

256 

288 

320 

(8 

16 

24 

32 

40 

48 

56 

64 

72 

80 

33 

66 

99 

132 

165 

198 

231 

264 

297 

3.30 

9 

18 

27 

36 

45 

54 

63 

72 

81 

90 

34 

68 

102 

136 

170 

204 

238 

272 

.306 

340 

10 

20 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

SO 

90 

100 

35 

70 

105 

140 

175 

210 

245 

280 

315 

3.50 

11 

22 

33 

44 

55 

66 

77 

88 

99 

110 

36 

72 

108 

144 

180 

216 

2.52 

288 

324 

360 

12 

24 

36 

48 

60 

72 

84 

96 

108 

120 

37 

74 

111 

148 

185 

222 

2.59 

296 

333 

370 

13 

26 

39 

52 

65 

78 

91 

104 

117 

130 

38 

76 

114 

1,52 

190 

228 

266 

304 

342 

380 

14 

28 

42 

56 

70 

84 

98 

112 

126 

140 

39 

78 

117 

156 

195 

234 

273 

312 

351 

390 

15 

30 

45 

60 

75 

90 

105 

120 

135 

1.50 

40 

80 

120 

160 

200 

240 

280 

320 

360 

400 

16 

32 

48 

64 

80 

96 

112 

128 

144 

160 

41 

82 

123 

164 

205 

246 

287 

328 

369 

410 

17 

34 

r,i 

68 

85 

102 

119 

136 

1.53 

170 

42 

84 

126 

168 

210 

252 

294 

.336 

378 

420 

18 

36 

M 

72 

90 

108 

126 

144 

162 

ISO 

43 

86 

129 

172 

215 

258 

301 

344 

.387 

430 

19 

38 

57 

76 

95 

114 

133 

1.52- 

171 

190 

44 

88 

1.32 

176 

220 

264 

308 

3.52 

396 

440 

20 

40 

60 

80 

100 

120 

140 

160 

180 

200 

45 

90 

135 

180 

225 

270 

315 

360 

405 

4,50 

•21 

42 

63 

H4 

105 

126 

147 

168 

189 

210 

46 

92 

138 

184 

230 

276 

322 

368 

414 

460 

22 

44 

66 

88 

110 

132 

1,54 

176 

198 

220 

47 

94 

141 

188 

235 

282 

329 

.376 

423 

470 

23 

46 

69 

92 

115 

138 

161 

184 

207 

230 

48 

96 

144 

192 

240 

288 

336 

384 

432 

480 

24 

48 

72 

96 

120 

144 

168 

192 

216 

240 

49 

98 

147 

196 

245 

294 

343 

392 

441 

490 

25 

M 

75 

KM) 

125 

l.'iO 

175 

200 

225 

2,50 

,50 

100 

150 

200 

2,50 

300 

3.50 

400 

4.50 

500 

26 

52 

78 

104 

130 

156 

182 

208 

234 

260 

RECIPROCALS    OF    NUMBERS.   1 

TO   100. 

No. 

Reciprocal. 

NO. 

Reciprocal. 

NO. 

Reciprocal. 

NO. 

Reciprocal. 

NO. 

Reciprocal. 

1.  . 

1.000000000 

21.  . 

0.047619048 

41.  . 

0.024390244 

61.  . 

0.016393443 

81.. 

0.012345679 

•2.. 

0.500000000 

22.*. 

0.045454545 

42.  . 

0.023809524 

62.  . 

0.016129032 

82.  . 

0.012195122 

3.. 

0.333333333 

23.  . 

0.043478261 

43..  . 

0.023255814 

03.  . 

0.015873016 

83.  . 

0.012048193 

4.  . 

0.250000000 

24.  . 

0.041606667 

44 .  . 

0.022727273 

64,  . 

0.015625000 

84.  . 

0.011904762 

5.. 

0.200000000 

25.  . 

0.040000000 

45'. 

0.022222222 

65.  . 

0.015384615 

85.  . 

0.011764706 

6.. 

0.166666667 

26.  . 

0.038461538 

46.  . 

0.021739130 

66.  . 

0.015151515 

86.  . 

0.0116279C7 

7.. 

0.142857143 

27.  . 

0.037037037 

47.  . 

0.021276800 

67.  . 

0.014925373 

87.  . 

0.011494253 

«.. 

0.125000000 

28.  . 

0.035714286 

48.  . 

0.020833333 

68.  . 

0.014705882 

88.  . 

0.011363636 

9.. 

O.llllUUl 

29.  . 

0.034482759 

49.  . 

0.020408163 

69.  . 

0.014492754 

89.  . 

0.011235955 

10.. 

0.100000000 

30.  . 

0.033333333 

SO.  . 

0 . 020000000 

70.  . 

0.014285714 

90.  . 

O.OlllIllli 

11.. 

0.090909091 

31.  . 

0.03225S065 

51.  . 

0.019607843 

71.  . 

0  014084507 

91.  . 

0.010989011 

12.. 

0.08333.3333 

32.  . 

0.031250000 

52.  . 

0.019230769 

72.  . 

0.013888889 

92.  . 

0.010869565 

13.. 

0.076923077 

33.  . 

0.030303030 

53.  . 

0.018887925 

73.  . 

0.013698630 

93.  . 

0.010752688 

14.  . 

0.071428571 

34.  . 

0.029411765 

54.  . 

0.018518519 

74.  . 

0  013513514 

94.  . 

0.010638298 

15.  . 

0.066666667 

35.  . 

0.028571429 

55.  . 

0.018181818 

75.  . 

0.013333333 

96.  . 

0.010526316 

16.. 

0.062500000 

36.  . 

0.02777777S 

56.  . 

0.017857143 

76.  . 

0.013157895 

96.  . 

0.010416667 

17.. 

0.058823529 

37.  . 

0.027027027 

57.  . 

0.017543860 

77.  . 

0  012987013 

97.  . 

0.010389278 

18.  . 

0.055555556 

38.  . 

0.026315789 

58.  . 

0.017241379 

78.  . 

0.012820513 

98.. 

0.010204082 

19.  . 

0.052631579 

39.  . 

0.025641026 

59.  . 

0.016949153 

79.  . 

0.012658228 

99.  . 

0.010101010 

20.  . 

0.050000000 

40.  . 

0.025000000 

60.  . 

0.016666667 

80.  . 

0  012500000 

100.  . 

0.010000000 

A  reciprocal  is  tlie  quotient  obtained  by  dividing  unity  by  a  number. 


MINUTES    OR 

SECONDS    IN 

DECIMALS    OF    A 

DECREE. 

g 

MIN. 

Degree. 

IVlIN. 

Degree. 

.VXiN  . 

Degree. 

Secs. 

Degree. 

Secs. 

Degree. 

Sech  . 

Degree. 

1 

0.016 

21 

0.350 

41 

0.683 

1 

0.00027 

21 

0.00583 

41 

0%1138 

2 

0.033 

22 

0.366 

42 

0.700 

2 

0 . 00055 

22 

0.00611 

42 

0.01166 

3 

0.050 

23 

0.383 

43 

0.716 

3 

0.00083 

23 

0.00638 

43 

0.01194 

4 

0.066 

24 

0.400 

44 

0.733 

4 

0.00111 

24 

0.00666 

44 

0.01222 

5 

0.083 

25 

0.416 

45 

0.750 

5 

0.00138 

25 

0.00694 

45 

0.01250 

6 

0.100 

26 

0.433 

46 

0.766 

6 

0.00166 

26 

0.00722 

46 

0.01277 

7 

0.116 

27 

0,450 

47 

0.783 

7 

0.00194 

27 

0.00750 

47 

0.01305 

8 

0.133 

28 

0.466 

48 

0.800 

8 

0 . 00222 

28 

0.00777 

48 

0.01333 

9 

0.150 

29 

0.483 

49 

0.816 

9 

0.00250 

29 

0 . 00805 

49 

0.01361 

10 

0.166 

30 

0.500 

50 

0.833 

10 

0.00277 

30 

0.00833 

50 

0.01388 

11 

0.183 

31 

0.51-6 

51 

0.850 

11 

0.00305 

31 

0.00861 

51 

0.01416 

12 

0.200 

32 

0-.  533 

52 

0.866 

12 

0.00333 

32 

0.00888 

52 

0.01444 

13 

0.216 

33 

0.550 

53 

0.883 

13 

0.00361 

33 

0.00916 

53 

0.01472 

14 

0.233 

34 

0.566 

54 

0.900 

14 

0 . 00388 

34 

0.00944 

54 

0.01500 

15 

0.250 

35 

0.583 

55 

0.916 

15 

0.00416 

35 

0.00972 

55 

0.01527 

16 

0.266 

36 

0.600 

56 

0.933 

16 

0.00444 

36 

0.01000 

56 

0.01555 

17 

0.283    1 

37 

0.616 

57 

0.950 

17 

0 . 00472 

37 

0.01027 

57 

0.01583 

18 

J).  300 

38 

0.633 

58 

0.966 

18 

0 . 00500 

38 

0.01055 

58 

0.01611 

19 

0.316 

39 

0.650 

59 

0.983 

19 

0.00527 

39 

0.01083 

59 

0.01638 

20 

0.333 

40 

0.666 

60 

1.000 

20 

0 . 00555 

40 

0.01111 

60 

0.01666 

PRESENT    ' 

^ALUE    OF    AN    ANNUITY    OF    $1 , 

Calculated  at  Compound  Interest.) 

000. 

Years. 

3% 

4% 

4^% 

5% 

6% 

Years. 

3% 

4% 

4H% 

5% 

6% 

5 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

4,580 
8,530 
11,938 
14,877 
17,413 
19,600 

4,452 
8,111 
11,118 
13,590 
15,622 
17,292 

4,390 
7,913 
10,740 
13,008 
14,828 
16,289 

4,329 
7,722 
10,380 
12,462 
14,094 
15.372 

4,212 

7,360 

9,712 

11,470 

12,783 

13,765 

35 

40 

45 

50 

100 

21,487 
23.115 
24,519 
25,730 
31.599 

18,664 
19.793 
20,720 
21,482 
24,505 

17,461 
18,401 
19,156 
19,762 
21,950 

16,374 
17,159 
17,774 
18,256 
19,848 

14,498 
15,046 
15,456 
15.762 
16,618 

100 


Quantity  of  Water  in  One  Hundred  Feet  of  Pipe. 


CUB     FOOT   AND   CAL.  CONTENTS    OF    PIPES    AND    CYLINDERS    1    FT.  LONG. 

TABLE    NO.    1. 


DUM., 

Dlam., 

Square 

Gal- 

DlAM., 

Dlam., 

Square 

Gal- 

DiAM., 

Diam., 

Square 

Gal-' 

Ins. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

lons. 

Ins. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

lons. 

Ins. 

Feet. 

Feet. 

Ions. 

5-16. 

.026 

.000 

.004 

7Ji.... 

.645 

.327 

2.45 

211/2.... 

1.792 

2.521 

18.86 

■  H.... 

.031 

.000 

.005 

8     .... 

.666 

.349 

2.61 

22      .... 

1.833 

2.640 

19. 7J 

7-16. 

.036 

.001 

.008 

8K.... 

.687 

.371 

2.77 

22)2.... 

1.S75 

2.761 

20.66 

H.... 

.041 

.001 

.010 

8H.... 

.729 

.417 

3.12 

23      .... 

1.917 

2.885 

21.68 

9-16. 

"".046 

.001 

.013 

9      .... 

.750 

.441 

3.30 

23;^.... 

1.958 

3.012 

22.53 

^■..■ 

.052 

.002 

.016 

9'4-...- 

.770 

.466 

3.49 

24      .... 

2.000 

3.142 

23.50 

11-16. 

.057 

.002 

.019 

9H.... 

.791 

.492 

3.68 

25      ... . 

2.083 

3.409 

25.50 

M.... 

.062 

.003 

.023 

10      .... 

.833 

.545 

4.08 

26      .... 

2.167 

3.687 

27.68 

13-16. 

.067 

.003 

.027 

10}^.... 

.854- 

.573 

4.28 

27     .... 

2.250 

3.976 

29.74 

H--.. 

.072 

.004 

.031 

lOJi.... 

.895 

.630 

4.71 

28     

2.333 

4.276 

31.99 

16-16. 

.078 

.004 

.036 

11    .... 

.916 

.660 

4.93 

29     .... 

2.417 

4.587 

34.31 

1     .... 

.083 

.005 

.041 

ll'A.... 

.958 

.721 

5.39 

30     .... 

2.500 

4.909 

36.72 

IM.... 

.104 

.008 

.064 

12      . . . . 

1.000 

.785 

5.87 

31     

2.583 

5.241 

39.21 

IH.... 

.125 

.012 

.092 

121^.... 

1.042 

.852 

6.37 

32     

2.667 

5.585 

41.88 

2     .... 

.166 

.021 

.163 

13      .... 

1.083 

.921 

6.89 

33     .... 

2.750 

5.940 

44.43 

2H.... 

.208 

.034 

.255 

13  H 

1.125 

.994 

7.43 

34      

2.833 

6.305 

47.16 

2H.... 

.229 

.041 

.308 

14     

1.167 

1.069 

7.99 

35      .... 

2.917 

6.681 

49.98 

3     .... 

.250 

.049 

.367 

14H.... 

1.208 

1.147 

8.58 

36      .... 

3.000 

7.069 

52.98 

3'4.... 

.270 

.057 

.431 

15      .... 

1.250 

1.227 

9.18 

37      .... 

3.083 

7.467 

55.86 

3H.... 

.312 

.076 

.574 

15H.... 

1.292 

1.310 

9.80 

38     .... 

3.167 

7.876 

58.92 

4     .... 

.333 

.087 

•     .653 

16      .... 

1.333 

1.396 

10.44 

39     .... 

3.250 

».296 

62.06 

4H.... 

.375 

.110 

.826 

16^.^... 

1.375 

1.485 

11.11 

40      .... 

3.333 

8.727 

65.38 

4Ji.... 

.395 

.123 

.920 

17      .... 

1.417 

1.576 

11.89 

41'     .... 

3.417 

9.168 

68.68 

5     .... 

.416 

.136 

1.02 

17H.... 

1.458 

1.670 

12.50 

42      .... 

3.500 

9.621 

71.97 

5^4-.... 

.437 

.150. 

1.12 

18     .... 

1.500 

1 .  767 

13.22 

43      .... 

3 .  583 

10.085 

75.44 

5Ji.... 

.479 

.180 

1.35 

18H.... 

1.542 

1.867 

13.96 

44      .... 

3.667 

10.559 

78.99 

6      .... 

.500 

.196 

1.47 

19      .... 

1.583 

1.969 

14.73 

45      

3.750 

11.045 

82.62 

6>4.... 

.520 

.213 

1.59 

19)^.... 

1.625 

2.074 

15.51 

46      .... 

3.833 

11.541 

86'.  33 

6H--.- 

.541 

.230 

1.72 

20      . . . . 

1.667 

2.182 

16.32 

47      . .  .  . 

3.917 

12.048 

90.13 

7     .... 

.583 

.267 

1.99 

20  K . . .  . 

1.708 

2.292 

17.15 

48      .... 

4.000 

12.566 

94.00 

7  '/^  . . .  . 

.625 

.306 

2.29 

21      . . .  . 

1.750 

2 .  405 

17.99 

TABLE    NO.    2. 


Djam., 

Feet. 


4  .  . 
4H.: 

5  .  .. 
5'A... 
5>A.  .  ■ 
554.  .. 

6  .  .  . 
6>4 .  .  . 
6'A.  .. 
6H.r  . 


Cubic 

Feet. 


12.6 
14.1 
15.9 
17.7 
19.6 
21.6 
23.7 
25.9 
28.2 
30.6 
33.1 
35.7 


U.  S. 
Gals. 


94 
106 
119 
132 
147 
162 
177 
194 
211 
229 
248 
267 


DlAM., 

Feet. 


7  . 
7'A. 
TA. 
7M. 

8  . 
8M. 

9  . 
9H. 

10  . 
10!^. 

11  . 
1 1  K  . 


Cubic 
Feet. 


38. 
41 
44. 
47 
50. 
56. 
63. 
70.8 
78.5 
86.5 
95.0 
103  8 


U.  S. 
Gals. 


288 
309 
330 
353 
376 
424 
476 
530 
587 
647 
711 
777 


DiAM., 

Feet. 


12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 


Cubic 
Feet. 


113.1 
132.7 
153.9 
176.7 
201.1 
227.0 
254.5 
283.5 
314.2 
346.4 
380.1 
415.5 


U.  S. 

Gals. 


846 
993 
1152 
1322 
1504 
1698 
1904 
2121 
2350 
2591 
2844 
3108 


DlAM., 

Feet. 


24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 


CuDic 
FeA. 


452.4 
490.9 
530.9 
572.6 
615.8 


660 

706 

754.8 

804.2 

855.3 

907.9 

962.1 


U.  S. 
Gals. 


3384 
3672 
3972 
4283 
4606 
4941 
5288 
5646 
6016 
6398 
6792 
7197 


AMOUNT    OF    WEIGHT    IRON    PILLARS    10    FEET    LONG    BEAR. 

(From  Perm's  Tables,  London.) 


Diam. 
ofPlliar 
Outside 


Inches. 

2  .... 
2'A.... 
2'A.... 
2H.... 

3  .... 
3J4.... 
Z'A.... 
ZH.... 

4  .... 
4)4.... 
i'A.... 


Solid. 


Tons. 
0.77 
1.17 
1.71 
2.40 
3.26 
4.34 
5.64 
7.21 
9.06 
11.63 
13.95 


Hollow, 
I    Inch. 

Hollow, 
2  Inches 

Oiam. 
ofPIIlar 
Outside 

Tons. 

Tons. 

Inches 
454.... 
5     . . .  . 

6J4.... 
&'A.... 

7H.... 

. 

4.19 
5.36 
6.72 
8.29 
9.87 
11.49 

Solid. 


Tons. 

16.55 

19.46 

22.65 

26.16 

29.99 

34.15 

38.64 

43.48 

48 .  65 

54.20 

60.10 


Hollow, 
1    Inch. 

Hollow, 
2  Inches 

Diam. 
ofPillar 
Outside 

Tons. 

Ton's. 

Inches. 

13.21 

TA.... 

15.03 

19.20 

7H.... 

16.95 

22.18 

8     .... 

18.95 

25.37 

8J4.... 

21.03 

28.77 

8'A.... 

23.20 

32.37 

8=4.... 

25.43 

36.14 

9     .... 

21. Tl 

40.09 

9'A.... 

30 .  08 

44.20 

9H.... 

32.49 

48.45 

934.... 

34.95 

52.85 

10   ... 

SoUd. 


Tons. 

66.38 

72.99 

79.99 

87.37 

95.12 

103.26 

111.78 

120.68 

129.98 

139.66 

149.73 


Hollow, 
1    Inch. 


Tons. 
37.46 
40.02 
42.61 
45.24 
47 .  91 
50.60 
53.33 
56.08 
.58 .  85 
61.65 
64.47' 


Hollow, 
2  Inches 


Tons. 
57.38 
62.03 
66.79 
71.65 
76.61 
81.66 
86.79 
91.99 
97 .  27 
102.60 
108.00 


QUANTITY    OF    WATER    IN    ONE    HUNDRED    FEET    OF    POPE. 

(From  Penn's  Tables,  London.) 


Diameter 

OF    PIPE. 


Inch 

y^ 

H 

Vt.... 


Quantity    in 

100  Feet  in 

Length. 


Gallons. 

.84 

1.30 

2.56 


Diameter 
OF  Pipe. 


Inch. 

1     

\'A 


Quantity    in 

100   Feet  in 

Length. 


Gallons. 

3.39 

7.64 

13.58 


Diameter 
OF  Pipe. 


Inch. 

I'A 

i     

4      


Quantity    in 

100   Feet   In 

Length. 


Gallons. 
21.22 
30.56 
54.33 


Diameter 
OF  Pipe. 


Inch. 


Quantity    in 

100   Feet  in 

Length. 


Gallons. 

84.90 

122.20 


Amount  of  One  Dollar  at  Compound  Interest. 


101 


WHAT    A    SAVING    OF    $1   A    YEAR    AMOUNTS    TO    AT    COMP.  INTEREST. 


End  of  Year. 


1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 


37<, 


1.03 
2.09 
3.18 
4.30 
5.46 

6.66 

7.89 

9.15. 

10.46 

11.80 

13.19 
14.61 
16.08 
17.59 
19.15 

20.76 
22.41 
24.11 
25.87 
27.67 

29,53 
31.45 
33.42 
35.45 
37.55 


4% 


1.04 
2.12 
3.24 
4.41 
5.63 

,6.89 

I    8.21 

9.58 

11.00 

12.48 

14.02 
15.62 
17.29 
19.02 
20.82 

22.69 
24.64 
26.67 
23.77 
30.96 

33.24 
35.61 
38.08 
40.64 
43.31 


4H% 


1.04 
2.13 
3.27 
4.47 
5.71 

7.01 

8.38 

9.80 

11.28 

12.84 

14.46 
16.16 
17.93 
19  78 
21.71 

23.74 
25.85 
28.06 
30.37 
32.78 

35.30 
37.93 
40.68 
43  56 
46.57 


5% 


1.05 
2.15 
3.31 
4.52 
5.80 

7.14 

8.54 

10.02 

11.57 

13.20 

14.91 
16.71 
18.59 
20.57 
22.65 

24.84 
27.13 
29.53 
32.06 
34.71 

37.50 
40.43 
43.50 
46.72 
50.11 


6% 


1.06 
2.18 
3.37 
4.63 
6.97 

7.39 

8.89 

10.49 

12.18 

13.97 

15.87 
17.88 
20.01 
22.27 
24.67 

27.21 
29.90 
32.76 
35.78 
38.99 

42.39 
45.99 
49.81 
63.86 
58.16 


END    OF    YEAR. 


26. 

27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 

31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35.- 

36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 

41. 
42. 
43. 

44. 
45. 

46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 


3% 


39.71 
41.93 
44.21 
46.57 
49.00 

51.50 
54.07 
56.73 
59.46 
62.27 

65.17 
68.15 
71.23 
74.40 
77.66 

81.02 
84.48 
88.04 
91.72 
95.50 

99.39 
103.40 
107.54 
111.79 
116.18 


4% 


46.08 
48.96 
"51.96 
55.08 
68.32 

61.70 
05.21 
68.85 
72.65 
76.59 

80.70 
84.97 
89.40 
94.02 
98.82 

103.82 
109.01 
114.41 
120.02 
125.87 

131.94 
138.26 
144.83 
151.66 
168.77 


4>^% 


49.71 
52.99 
56.42 
60.00 
63.75 

67. 

71.76 

76.03 

80.49 

85.16 

90.04 

95.13 

100.46 

106.03 

111.84 

117.92 
124.27 
130.91 
137.85 
145 . 09 

152 . 67 
160.58 
168.86 
177.60 
186.63 


6% 


63.66 
67.40 
61.32 
65.43 
69.76 

74.29 
79.06 
84.06 
89.32 
94.83 

100.62 
106.71 
113.09 
119.80 
126.84 

134.23 
141.99 
150.14 
158.70 
167.68 

177.11 
187.02 
197.42 
208.34 
219:81 


6Vb 


62.70 
67.52 
72.64 
78.05 
83.80 

89.89 

96.34 

103.18 

110.43 

118.12 

126.26 
134.90 
144.05 
153.76 
164.04 

174.95 
186.50 
198.75 
211.74 
225.60 

240 . 09 
265.56 
271.95 
289.33 
307 . 75 


PRESENT    VALUE    OF    $1    A    YEAR,  PAYABLE    EACH    DEC.  31,  AT    COMP.  INT. 


Years. 


1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
&. 

6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 

16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 

21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 


3% 

3H% 

4% 

iyi% 

5%^ 

6% 

0.97 

0.96 

0.96 

0.95 

0.95 

•0.94 

1.91 

1.89 

1.88 

1.87 

1.86 

1.83 

2.82 

2.80 

2.77 

2.74 

2.72 

2.67 

3.71 

3.67 

3.62 

3.58 

3.54 

3.46 

4.57 

4.51 

4.45 

4.39 

4.32 

4.21 

6.41 

5.32 

5.24 

5.15 

5.07 

4.91 

6.23 

6.11 

6.00 

5.89 

5.78 

6.58 

7.01 

6.87 

6.73 

6.59 

6.46 

6.20 

7.78 

7.60 

7.43 

7.26 

7.10 

6.80 

8.53 

8.31 

8.11 

7.91 

7.72 

7.36 

9.26 

9.00 

8.76 

8.52 

8.30 

7.88 

9.95 

9.66 

9.38 

9.11 

8.86 

8.38 

10.63 

10.30 

9.98 

9.68 

9.39 

8.85 

11.29 

10.92 

10.56 

10.22 

9.89 

9.29 

11.93 

11.51 

11.11 

10.73 

10.37 

9.71 

12.66 

12.09 

11.65 

11.23 

10.83 

10.10 

13.16 

12.66 

12.16 

11.70 

11.27 

10.47 

13.75 

13.18 

12.65 

12.16 

11.68 

10.82 

14.32 

13.70 

13.13 

12.59 

12.08 

11.16 

14.87 

14.21 

13.69 

13.00 

12.46 

11.40 

15.41 

14.69 

14.02 

13.40 

12.82 

11.76 

15.93 

15.16 

14.46 

13.78 

13.16 

12.04 

16.44 

15.62 

14.85 

14.14 

13.48 

12.30 

16.93 

16.05 

15.24 

14.49 

13.79 

12.55 

17.41 

16.48 

15.62 

14.82 

14.09 

12.78 

Years. 


26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 

31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 

36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 

41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 

46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 


3% 


17.87 
18.32 
18.76 
19.18 
19.60 

20.00 
20.38 
20.76 
21.13 
21.48 

21.83 
22.16 
22.49 
22.80 
23.11 

23.41 
23.70 
23.98 
24.26 
24.51 

24.77 
25.02 
25.26 
25.60 
26.72 


3>i7o 


16.89 
17.28 
17.66 
18.03 
18.39 

18.73 
19.06 
19.39 
19.70 
20.00 

20.29 
20.57 
20.84 
21.10 
21.35 

21.69 
21.83 
22.06 

22.28 
22.49 

22.70 
22.89 
23.09 
23.27 
23 .  45 


4% 


15.98 
16.32 
16.66 
16.98 
17.29 

17.58 
17.87 
18.14 
18.41 
18.66 

18.90 
19.14 
19.36 
19.58 
19.79 

19.99 
20.18 
20.37 
20.64 
20.72 

20.88 
21.04 
21.19 
21.34 
21.48 


i'A% 


15.14 
15.45 
16.74 
16.02 
16.28 

16.64 
16.78 
17.02 
17.24 
17.46 

17.66 
17.86 
18.05 
18.22 
18.40 

18.66 
18.72 
18.87 
19.01 
19.15 

19.28 
19.41 
19.53 
19.65 
19.76 


5% 


14.37 

14.64 
14.89 
15.14 
15.37 

15.59 
16.80 
16.00 
16.19 
16.37 

16.54 
16.71 
16.86 
17.01 
17.16 

17.29 
17.42 
17.64 
17.66 
17.77 

17.88 
17.98 
18.07 
18.16 
18.25 


6% 


13.00 
13.21 
13.40 
13.59 
13.76 

13.92 
14.08 
14.23 
14.36 
14.49 

14.62 
14.73 
14.84 
14.94 
15.04 

16.13 
15.22 
15.30 
15.38 
15.45 

15.52 
15.68 
16.65 
16.70 
16.76 


AMOUNT 

OF    ONE    DOLLAR 

AT    COMPOUND    INTEREST. 

Years. 

3% 

4% 

4H% 

5% 

6% 

Years. 

3% 

4% 

4H% 

5% 

6% 

1 

1.03 

1.04 

1.04 

1.06 

1.06 

19 

1.76 

2.10 

2.30 

2.52 

3.02 

2 

1.06 

1.08 

1.09 

1.10 

1.12 

20 

1.80 

2.19 

2.41 

2.65 

3.20 

3 

1.09 

1.12 

1.14 

1.16 

1.19 

4 

1.12 

1.17 

1.19 

1.21 

1.26 

21 

1.86 

2.27 

2.52 

2.78 

3.40 

5 

1.15 

1.21 

1.24 

1.27 

1.33 

22 

1.91 

2.37 

2.63 

2.92 

3.60 

23 

1.97 

2.46 

2.76 

3.07 

3.82 

6 

1.19 

1.26 

1.30 

1.34 

1.41 

24 

2.03 

2.56 

2.87 

3.22 

4.04 

7 

1.23 

1.31 

1.36 

1.40 

1.50 

25 

2.09 

2.66 

3.00 

3.38 

4.29 

8 

1.26 

1.36 

1.42 

1.47 

1.59 

9 

1.30 

1.42 

1.48 

1.65 

1.68 

26 

2.15 

2.77 

3.14 

3.55 

4. .54 

10 

1.34 

1.48 

1.55 

1.62 

1.79 

27 

2.22 

2.88 

3.28 

3.73 

4.82 

28 

2.28 

2.99 

3.43 

3.92 

5.11 

11 

1.38 

1.63 

1.62 

1.71 

1.89 

29 

2.35 

3.11 

3.58 

4.11 

5.41 

12 

1.42 

1.60 

1.69 

1.79 

2.01 

30 

2.42 

3.24 

3.74 

4.32 

6.74 

13 

1.46 

1.66 

1.77 

1.88 

2.13 

14 

1.61 

1.73 

1.85 

1.98 

2.26 

31 

2.50 

3.37 

3.91 

4.53 

6.08 

15 

1.55 

1.80 

1.93 

2.07 

2.39 

32 

2.57 

3.50 

4.09 

4.76 

6.45 

33 

2.65 

3.64 

4.27 

6.00 

6.84 

16.  . ,. 

1.60 

1.87 

2.02 

2.18 

2.54 

34 

2.73 

3.79 

4.45 

6.26 

7.25 

17 

1.65 

1.94 

2.11 

2.29 

2.69 

36 

2. -81 

3.94 

4.66 

5.51 

7.68 

18 

1.70 

2.02 

2.20 

2.40 

2.85 

100 

19.21 

50.50 

81.58 

131.50 

339.30 

102       Squares,  Square  Roots,  Cubes  and  Cube  Roots,  1  to  100. 

SQUARES,     SQ.     ROOTS,   CUBES    AND    CU.   ROOTS    OF    NOS.    1     TO    100. 


NO. 

Sq. 

Cube. 

Square 
Root. 

Cube 
Root. 

No. 

Sq. 

Cube. 

Square 
Root. 

Cube 
Root. 

No. 

Sq. 

Cube. 

Square 
Root. 

Cube 
Root. 

"o.i 

0.01 

0.001 

0.316 

0.464 

23 

529 

12167 

4.795 

2.843 

63 

3969 

250047 

7.937 

3.979 

.15 

0.022 

0.003 

0.387 

0.531 

24 

576 

13824 

4.899 

2.884 

64 

4096 

262144 

8.000 

4.000 

.2 

0.04 

0.008 

0.447 

0.585 

25 

625 

15625 

5.000 

2.924 

65 

4225 

274625 

8.062 

4.020 

.25 

0.062 

0.015 

0.500 

0.630 

26 

676 

17576 

5.099 

2.962 

66 

4356 

287496 

8.124 

4.041 

.3 

0.09 

0.027 

0.548 

0.669 

27 

729 

19683 

5.196 

3.000 

67 

4489 

300763 

8.185 

4.061 

.35 

0.122 

0.042 

0.592 

0.705 

28 

784 

21952 

5.291 

3.036 

68 

4624 

314432 

8.246 

4.081 

.4 

0.16 

0.064 

0.633 

0.737 

29 

841 

24389 

5.385 

3.072 

69 

4761 

328509 

8.306 

4.101 

.45 

0.202 

0.091 

0.671 

0.766 

30 

900 

27000 

5.477 

3.107 

70 

4900 

343000 

8.366 

4.121 

.5 

0.25 

0.125 

0.707 

0.794 

31 

961 

29791 

5.567 

3.141 

71 

5041 

357911 

8.426 

4.140 

.55 

0.302 

0.166 

0.742 

0.819 

32 

1024 

32768 

5.656 

3.174 

72 

5184 

373248 

8.485 

4.160 

.6 

0.36 

0.216 

0.775 

0.843 

33 

1089 

35937 

5.744 

3.207 

73 

5320 

389017 

8.544 

4.179 

.65 

0.422 

0.274 

0.806 

0.866 

34 

1156 

39304 

5.831 

3.239 

74 

6476 

405224 

8.602 

4.198 

.7 

0.49 

0.343 

0.837 

0.888 

35 

1225 

42875 

5.916 

3.271 

75 

5625 

421875 

8.660 

4.217 

.75 

0.562 

0.421 

0.866 

0.909 

36 

1296 

46656 

6.000 

3.301 

76 

5776 

438976 

8.717 

4.235 

.8 

0.64 

0.512 

0.894 

0.928 

37 

1369 

60653 

6.082 

3.332 

77 

5929 

466533 

8.775 

4.254 

.85 

0.722 

0.614 

0.922 

0.947 

38 

1444 

54872 

6.164 

3.362 

78 

6084 

474552 

8.831 

4.272 

.9 

0.81 

0.729 

0.949 

0.965 

39 

1521 

59319 

6.245 

3.391 

79 

6241 

493039 

8,888 

4.290 

.95 

0.902 

0.857 

0.975 

0.983 

40 

1600 

64000 

6.324 

3.420 

80 

6400 

512000 

8.944 

4.308 

1 

1.000 

1.000 

1.000 

1.000 

41 

1681 

68921 

6.403 

3.448 

81 

6561 

531441 

9.000 

4.326 

2 

4 

8 

1.414 

1.259 

42 

1764 

74088 

6.480 

3.476 

82 

6724 

551368 

9.055 

4.344 

S 

9 

27 

1.732 

1.442 

43 

1849 

79507 

6.557 

3.503 

83 

6889 

571787 

9.110 

4.362 

4 

16 

64 

2.000 

1.687 

44 

1936 

85184 

6.633 

3.530 

84 

7056 

592704 

9.165 

4.379 

b 

25 

125 

2.236 

1.710 

45 

2025 

91125 

6.708 

3.556 

85 

7225 

614125 

9.219 

4.396 

6 

36 

216 

2.449 

1.817 

46 

2116 

97336 

6.782 

3.583 

86 

7396 

636056 

9.273 

4.414 

7 

49 

343 

2.645 

1.912 

47 

2209 

103823 

6.855 

3.608 

87 

7569 

658503 

9.327 

4.431 

8 

64 

512 

2.828 

2.000 

48 

2304 

110592 

6.928 

3.634 

88 

7744 

681472 

9.380 

4.448 

9 

81 

729 

3.000 

2.080 

49 

2401 

117649 

7.000 

3.659 

89 

7921 

704969 

9.434 

4.464 

10 

100 

1000 

3.162 

2.154 

50 

2500 

125000 

7.071 

3.684 

90 

8100 

729000 

9.486 

4.481 

11 

121 

1331 

3.316 

2.224 

51 

2601 

132651 

7.141 

3.708 

91 

8281 

753571 

9.539 

4.497 

12 

144 

1728 

3.464 

2.289 

52 

2704 

140608 

7.211 

3.732 

92 

8464 

778688 

9.591 

4.514 

13 

169 

2197 

3.605 

2.351 

53 

2809 

148877 

7.280 

3.75fi 

93 

8649 

804357 

9.643 

4.530 

14 

196 

2744 

3.741 

2.410 

54 

2916 

157464 

7.348 

3.779 

94 

8836 

830584 

9.695 

4.546 

15 

225 

3375 

3.873 

2 .  466 

55 

3025 

166375 

7.416 

3.803 

95 

9025 

857375 

9  746 

4.562 

16 

256 

4096 

4.000 

2.519 

56 

3136 

175616 

7. 483 

3.825 

96 

9216 

884736 

9.798 

4.578 

17 

289 

4913 

4.123 

2.571 

57 

3249 

185193 

7.549 

3.848 

97 

9409 

912673 

9.848 

4.594 

18 

324 

5832 

4.246 

2.G20 

58 

3364 

195112 

7.615 

3.870 

98 

9604 

941192 

9.899 

4.610 

19 

361 

6859 

4.358 

2 .  668 

59 

3481 

205379 

7.681 

3.893 

99 

9801 

970299 

9.949 

4.626 

20 

400 

8000 

4.472 

2  714 

60 

3600 

216000 

7.746 

3.914 

100 

10000 

1000000 

10.000 

4.641 

SQUARE    ROOTS    AND    CUBE    ROOTS,    1000    TO    2000. 


Num- 

Square 

Cube 

Num- 

Square 

Cube 

Num- 

Square 

Cube 

Num- 

Square 

Cube 

ber. 

Root. 

Ro.ot. 

ber. 

Root. 

Root. 

ber. 

Root. 

Root. 

ber. 

Root. 

Root. 

1000 

31.62 

10.00 

1255 

35.43 

10.79 

1510 

38.86 

11.47 

1765 

42.01 

12.09 

1005 

31.70 

10.02 

1260 

35.50 

10.80 

1515 

38.92 

11.49 

1770 

42.07 

12.10 

1010 

31.78 

10.03 

1265 

35.57 

10.82 

1520 

38.99 

11.50 

1775 

42.13 

12.11 

1020 

31.94 

10.07 

1275 

35.71 

10.84 

1530 

39.12 

11.52 

1785 

42.25 

12.13 

1025 

32.02 

10.08 

1280 

35.78 

10.86 

1535 

39.18 

11.54 

1790 

42.31 

12.14 

1030 

32.09 

10.10 

1285 

35.85 

10.87 

1540 

39.24 

11.65 

1795 

42.37 

12.15 

1035 

32.17 

10.12 

1290 

35.92 

10.89 

1545 

39.31 

11.56 

1800 

42.43 

12.16 

1045 

32.33 

10.15 

1300 

36.06 

10.91 

1555 

39.43 

11.59 

1810 

42.54 

12.19 

1050 

32.40 

10.16 

1305 

36.12 

10.93 

1560 

39.50 

11.60 

1815 

42.60 

12.20 

1060 

32.56 

10.20 

1315 

36.26 

10.96 

1570 

39.62 

11.62 

1825 

42.72 

12.22 

1065 

32.63 

10.21 

1320 

36.33 

10.97 

1575 

39.69 

11.63 

1830 

42.78 

12.23 

1075 

32.79 

10.24 

1330 

36.47 

11.00 

1585 

39.81 

11.66 

1840 

42.90 

12.25 

1080 

32.86 

10.26 

1335 

36.54 

11.01 

1-590 

39.87 

11.67 

1845 

42.95 

12.26 

1085 

32.94 

10.28 

1340 

36.61 

11.02 

1595 

39.94 

11.68 

1850 

43.01 

12.28 

1090 

33.02 

10.29 

1345 

36.67 

11.04 

1600 

40.00 

11.70 

1856 

43.07 

12.29 

1095 

33.09 

10.31 

1350 

36.74 

11.05 

1605 

40.06 

11.71 

1860 

43.  13 

12.30 

1100 

33.17 

10.32 

1.355 

36.81 

11.07 

1610 

40.12 

11.72 

1865 

43.19 

12.31 

1105 

33.24 

10.34 

1360 

36.88 

11.08 

1616 

40.19 

11.73 

1870 

43.24 

12.32 

1110 

33.32 

10.35 

1365 

36.95 

11.09 

1620 

40.25 

11.74 

1876 

43.30 

12.33 

1115 

33.39 

10.37 

1370 

37.01 

11.11 

1625 

40.31 

11.76 

1880 

43.36 

12.34 

1120 

33.47 

10.38 

1375. 

37.08 

11.12 

1630 

40.37 

n.77 

1886 

43.42 

12.35 

1125 

33.54 

10.40 

1380 

37.15 

11.13 

1635 

40.44 

11.78 

1890 

43.47 

12.36 

1130 

33.62 

10.42 

1385 

37.22 

11.15 

1640 

40.50 

11.79 

1895 

43.63 

12.37 

1135 

33.69 

10.43 

1390 

37.28 

11.16 

1645 

40.56 

11.80 

1900 

43 .  59 

12.39 

1140 

33.76 

10.45 

1395 

37.35 

11.17 

1650 

40.62 

11.82 

1905 

43.65 

12.40 

1145 

33.84 

10.46 

1400 

37.42 

11.19 

1655 

40.68 

11.83 

1910 

43.70 

12.41 

1150 

33.91 

10.48 

1405 

37.48 

11.20 

1660 

40.74 

11.84 

1915 

43.76 

12.42 

1155 

33.99 

10.49 

1410 

37.55 

11.21 

1665 

40.80 

11.85 

1920 

43.82 

12.43 

1160 

34.06 

10.51 

1415 

37.62 

11.23 

1670 

40.87 

11.86 

1925 

43.87 

12.44 

1165 

34.13 

10.52 

1420 

37.68 

11.24 

1675 

40.93 

11.88 

1930 

43.93 

12.45 

1170 

34.21 

10.54 

1425 

37.75 

11.25 

1680 

40.99 

11.89 

1935 

43.99 

12.46 

1175 

34.28 

10.55 

1430 

37.82 

11.27 

1685 

41.05 

11.90 

1940 

44.05 

12.47 

1180 

34.35 

10.57 

1435 

37.88 

11.28 

1690 

41.11 

11.91 

1946 

44.10 

12.48 

1185 

34.42 

10.58 

1440 

37.95 

11.29 

1695 

41.17 

11.92 

1960 

44.16 

12.49 

1190 

34.50 

10.60 

1445 

38.01 

11.31 

1700 

41.23 

11.93 

1965 

44.22 

12.50 

1195 

34.57 

10.61 

1450 

38.08 

11.32 

1705 

41.29 

11.95 

1960 

44.27 

12.51 

1200 

34.64 

10.63 

1455 

38.14 

11.33 

1710 

41.35 

11.96 

1965 

44.33 

12.53 

1205 

34.71 

10.64 

1460 

38.21 

11.34 

1715 

41.41 

11.97 

1970 

44.38 

12.54 

1210 

34.79 

10.66 

1465 

38.28 

11.36 

1720 

41.47 

11.98 

1975 

44.44 

12.55 

1215 

34.86 

10.67 

1470 

38.34 

11.37 

1725 

41.53 

11.99 

1980 

44  50 

12  56 

1220 

34.93 

10.69 

1475 

38.41 

11.38 

1730 

41.59 

12.00 

1985 

44.56 

12  57 

1225 

35.00 

10.70 

1480 

38.47 

11.40 

1735 

41.65 

12.02 

1990 

44.61 

12  58 

1235 

35.14 

10.73 

1490 

38.60 

11.42 

1745 

41.77 

12.04 

1995 

44.67 

12  59 

1246 

35.28 

10.76 

1500 

38.73 

11.45 

.1755 

41.89 

12.06 

2000 

44.72 

12.60 

Tensile  Strength  of  Materials. 


103 


WATER    MEASURES. 

'WEIGHT  OF  WATER. 


1 

12 

1 

1 

1.8 
35.84 

1 
12 

1 


cubic  inch. 

cubic  inclies .  434 

cubic  foot 62 . 5 


cubic  foot. 


03617  pound, 
pound, 
pounds. 


cubic  feet 112.0 

cubic  feet 2240.0 


7.48052  U.  S.  gfils. 


cyiindrical  Inch 

cyiindrical  inches .341 

cylindrical  foot 49 .  10 


pounds, 
pounds. 


.02842  pound, 
pound, 
pounds. 


1  cylindrical  foot. 

2.282  cylindrical  feet.. 
45.64  cylindrical  feet. . 
imperial  gallon. . 
imperial  gallons, 
imperial  gallons. 
U.  S.  gallon.  . .  . 
U.  S.  gallons. . . . 
U.  S.  gallons. 


1 
11.2 
224 
1 

13.44 
268.8 


6.0 
.  112.0 
.2240.0 
.  10.0 
.  112.0 
.2240.0 

8.355 
.    112.0 
.2240.0 


U.  S.  gals, 
pounds, 
-pounds, 
pounds, 
pounds, 
pounds, 
pounds, 
pounds, 
pounds. 


the  side  of  the  containing  vessel  or  reservoir  is  at  two- 
salt  water  weighs  64.3  pounds. 


Note — The  centre  of  pressure  of  water  against 
jblrds  the  depth  from  the  surface.     One  cubic  foot 


THEORETICAL    VELOCITY    OF    WATER    IN 

FEET   PER 

SECOND. 

Head, 

Velocity,  Feet 

Head, 

Velocity,  Feet 

Head, 

Velocity,  Feet 

Head, 

Velocity,  Feet 

Feet. 

per  Second. 

Feet. 

per  Second. 

Feet. 

per  Second. 

Feet. 

per  Second. 

10 

25.4 

25 

40.1 

55 

59.5 

85 

74.0 

12 

27.8 

30 

43.9 

60 

62.1 

90 

76.1 

15 

31.1 

35 

47.4 

65 

64.7 

95 

78.2 

18 

34.0 

40 

50.7 

70 

67.1 

100 

80.3 

20 

35.9 

45 

53.8 

75 

69.5 

125 

89.7 

22 

37.6 

50 

.56.7 

80 

71.8 

150 

98,3 

PRESSURE    OF    WATER    PER    SQUARE    INCH    AT    DIFFERENT    DEPTHS. 


Depth 

Depth 

Depth 

Depth 

IN 

Pres.'9ure 

IN 

Pressure 

Feet. 

Pressure 

IN 

Pressure 

Feet. 

(lbs.) 

Feet. 

(lbs.) 

(lbs.) 

Feet. 

(lbs.) 

6 

2.60 

.  35 

15.16 

90 

38.98 

160 

69.31 

8 

3.40 

40 

17.32 

100 

43.31 

170 

73.64 

10 

4.33 

45 

19.49 

110 

47.64 

180 

77.97 

15 

6.49 

50 

21.65 

120 

51.98 

190 

82.30 

20 

8.66 

60 

25.99 

130    - 

56.31 

200 

86.63 

25 

10.82 

70 

30.32 

140 

60.64 

215 

93.14 

30 

12.99 

80 

34.65 

150 

64.97 

230 

99.63 

nrciu 

IDCD  A-rllD 

B    rke    cf 

eV  Ml 

Pbessure 

Degrees 

Peessube 

Degrees 

PRESSURE 

Degrees 

Pressure 

Degrees 

Per 

of 

Per 

of 

Per 

of 

Per 

of 

Sq.  Inch. 

Temperature. 

Sq.  Inch. 

Temperature. 

Sq.  Inch. 

Temperature. 

Sq.  Inch. 

Temperature. 

1 

216.3 

12 

244.3 

32 

277.0 

80 

323.9 

2 

219.4 

14 

248.3 

34 

279.6 

85 

327.6 

3 

222.4 

16 

252.1 

40 

286.9 

90 

331.1 

4 

22,'5.2 

18 

255.7 

45 

292.5 

95 

334 . 5 

5 

227.9 

20 

259.2 

50 

297.8 

100 

337.8 

6 

230.5 

22 

262.5 

55 

302.7 

105 

341.0 

7 

233.0 

24 

265.6 

60 

307.4 

110 

344.0 

8 

235 . 4 

26 

268.6 

65 

311.8 

115 

347.0 

9 

237 . 7 

28 

271.5 

70 

316.0 

120 

350.0 

10 

210.0 

30 

274.3 

75 

320.0 

125 

3.52.8 

Steam  flows  into  atmosphere  at  the  rate  of  650  feet  per  second. 


TENSILE    STRENGTH    OF    MATERIALS. 

EXPRESSED    IN    POUNDS    PER    SQUARE    INCH. 


Materials. 


metals. 
Aluminum  castings 

"  8heet3. . 

"  wire.  .  . 

"  bars .  .  . 
Nickel  aluminum.  . 
Aluminum  bronze. . 
Manganese  "  . . 
Phosphor  " 
Tobln  •'  . . 
Bronze  gun  metal . . 
Platinum  wire  (an- 
nealed)   

Platinum  wire  (not 
annealed) .... 

Tin 

Gold  (cast) 

Silver  (cast ) . . . . 

Lead 

Zinc 

Brass  (cast) .... 
Copper  (cast) .  . 
Soft  copper  wire . 
Hard     "         "    . 


Lbs. 


1?,000 
24,000 
50,000 
28,000 
40,000 
70,000 
60,000 
43,000 
63,000 
35,000 

32,000 

53,000 

3,.50D 

20,000 

40.000 

2,000 

5,400 

24,000 

24,000 

35,000 

60,000 


Materials. 


.METALS. 

Cast  iron 

Cast     "     steel  . 

Wrought  Iron . . . 

Soft  steel 

Carbon  steel  (not 
annealed ) 

Carbon  steel  (an- 
nealed ) 

Carbon  steel  oil 
tempered 

Nickel  steel  (an- 
nealed)   

Nickel  steel  oil 
tempered 

Rivet  steel 

Steel  for  bridges . . . 

Medium  steel 

Vanadium  steel 
(cast) 

Chromium     nickel 

Chromium  vanadi- 
um steel 


Lbs. 


20,000 
60,000 
50,000 
58,000 

75,000 

80,000 

85,000 

80,000 

90,000 
53,000 
60,000 
65,000 

70,000 

81,400 

100,000 


Materials. 


METALS. 

Nickel  vanadium 
steel 

Chrome  nickel  va- 
nadium steel .... 

Manganese  steel 
(cast) . 

Manganese  bteel 
(rolled) 


WOODS. 

Ash 

Black  walnut. 

Beech 

Cedar 

Chestnut 

Elm 

Hemlock 

Hickory 

Locust 

Lignum  vitae. 

Maple 

White  oak 

Live       "    . . . . 


Lba. 


99,700 
129,100 

90,000 
140,000 


14,000 
13,000 
14,500 
10,000 
10,000 
13,400 
8,700 
15,000 
22,000 
11,000 
10,.500 
14,500 
13.000 


MATERIALS. 


WOODS. 

Poplar 

Redwood 

Spruce 

White  pine. . 
Yellow    "    .  . 

Red  fir 

Yellow  fir.  .  . 
Teak 


MISCELLAKEOU.S. 

Bl  ue  stone 

Granite 

Limestone 

Marble 

Sandstone 

Bricks  (common).. 
(bESt    hand 

pressed ) 

Ordinary    single 

leather  belting... 
Ordinary   double 

leather  belting. . . 
Cotton  belting .... 


Lbs. 


7,000 
8,500 
14,.500 
15,000 
11,000 
10,000 
12,000 
14,000 


1,400 
600 

1,000 
?00 
100 
200 

400 

3,000 

6,000 
6,000 


Tensile  SCreagtti  is 
the  trunk  or  limb. 


resistance  to  separation.     The  fibres  of  wood  are  strongest  near  the  centre  of 


104 


Reman  and  Arabic  Numerals. 


THE    ENGLISH    MILE. 

COMPAKED  WITH  OTHER  EUROPEAN  MEASURES. 


English  Statute  Mile. 
English  Geog.  Mile... 
French  Kilometer. . . . 
German  Geog.  Mile. . 

Russian  Verst 

Austrian  Mile 

Dutch  Ure . 

Norwegian  Mile 

Swedish  Mile 

Danish  Mile 

Swiss  Stunde 


Si 


1.000 
1.150 
0.621 
4.610 
0.663 
4.714 
3.458 
7.021 
6.644 
4.682 
2.987 


0.867 
1.000 
0.540 
4.000 
0.575 
4.089 
3.000 
6.091 
5.764 
4.062 
2.592 


1.609 
1.855 
1.000 
7.420 
1.067 
7.586 
5.565 
11.299 
10.692 
7.536 
4.808 


Sbi 

tH     O    , 


0.217 
0.250 
0.135 
1.000 
0.144 
1.022 
0 . 7.50 
1..523 
1.441 
1.016 
0.648 


c   . 


P5 


1.508 
1,738 
0.937 
6.953 
1.000 
7.112 
5.215 
10.589 
10.019 
7.078 
4 .  505 


a 


0.212 
0.245 
0.132 
0.978 
0.141 
1.000 
0.734 
1.489 
1.409 
0.994 
0.634 


Q^ 


0.289 
0.333 
0.180 
1.333 
0.192 
1.363 
1.000 
2.035 
1.921 
1.354 
0.864 


1^ 


0.142 
0.164 
0.088 
0.657 
0.094 
0.672 
0.493 
1.000 
0.948 
0.667 
0.425 


IS 

to 


0.151 
0.169 
0.094 
0.694 
0.100 
0.710 
0.520 
1.057 
1.000 
0.706 
0 .  449 


■33 

015 


0.213 
0.246 
0.133 
0.985 
0.142 
1.006 
0.738 
1.499 
1.419 
1.000 
0.638 


0.335 
0.386 
0.208 
1.543 
0.222 
1.578 
1.157 
2.350 
2.224 
1.567 
1.000 


STAND/\,RD    NEWSPAPER    MEASURES. 

The  Standard  Newspaper  Measure  as  recognized  and  now  In  general  use  Is  13  ems  pica.  The  standard 
of  measurement  of  all  sizes  of  type  Is  the  "em  quad,"  not  the  letter  "m."  The  basis  of  measurement  adopted 
by  the  International  Typographical  Union  is  the  lower-case  alphabet,  from  "a"  to  "z"  inclusive,  and  the 
ems  used  are  the  same  body  as  the  type  measured.. 


4,'A  Point. . 
6      Point. . 

. .  18  ems 
.  .17  ems 

5H  Point.. 
6    ,Point.. 

..16  ems 
.  .  15  ems 

7  Point... 

8  Point. . . 

. . .  14  ems 

.  . .  14  ems 

9  Point... 

10  Point. . 

..13  emslll  Point... 
..13  ems(12  Point.. 

..13  ems 
. .  13  ems 

SIMPLE    INTEREST    TABLE. 

(Showing  at  Different  Rates  the  Interest  on  SI  from  1  Month  to  1  Year,  and 

on  SI 00  from  1  Day  to  1  Year.) 

Time. 

4% 

5% 

6% 

7% 

8% 

Time. 

'4% 

5% 

6% 

7% 

8% 

$1.00    1  month 

2       "      

6        "       '.'.'.'.'. 

■    '•      12       ■■      

$100.00    1  day 

2  ••   

3  "   

S.003 
.007 
.011 
.020 
.040 
.011 
.022 
.034 

$.004 
.008 
.013 
.025 
.050 
.013 
.027 
.041 

S.005 
.010 
.015 
.030 
.060 
.016 
.032 
.050 

S.005 
.011 
.017 
.035 
.070 
.019 
.038 
.058 

S.006 
.013 
.020 
.040 
.080 
.022 
.044 
.067 

SIOO.OO    4  days 

5  **    

6  "    

1  month... 

2  "     ... 

3  ■•     ... 
6       "      ... 

12        ••      ... 

S.045 

.056 

.067 

.334 

.667 

1.000 

2.000 

4.000 

S.053 

.069 

.083 

.416 

.832 

1.250 

2.500 

5.000 

$.066 

.082 

.100 

.600 

1.000 

1.500 

3.000 

6.000 

$.077 

.097 

.116 

.583 

1.166 

1.750 

3.500 

7.000 

$.089 

.111 

.133 

.667 

1.333 

2.000 

4.000 

8.000 

YEARS  IN  WHICH  A  GIVEN  AMOUNT  WILL  DOUBLE  AT  SEVERAL  RATES  OF  INTEREST 


At.  Simple 

At  Co 

MPOUND  Interest. 

At  Simple 

AT  Compound  Interest. 

Com- 

Com- 

Rate. 

Interest. 

Com- 

pounded 

Com- 

Rate. 

Interest. 

Com- 

pounded 

Com- 

pounded 

Semi- 

pounded 

pounded 

Seml- 

pounded 

Yearly. 

Annually. 

Quarterly. 

Yearly. 

Annually. 

Quarterly. 

1 

100  years. 

60.660 

69.487 

69.237 

6 

16.67 

11.896 

11.725 

11.639 

IH 

66.66 

40.556 

46.382 

46.297 

&}4 

15.38 

11.007 

10.836 

10.750 

2 

50.00 

35.003 

34.830 

34.743 

7 

14.29 

10.245 

10.074 

9.966 

214 

40.00 

28.071 

27.899 

27.748 

TA 

13 .  33 

9.584 

9.414 

9.328 

3 

33.33 

23.450 

23.278 

23.191 

8 

12.50 

9.006 

8.837 

8.751 

3H 

28.57 

20.149 

19.977 

19.890 

syz 

11.76 

8.497 

8.327 

8.241 

4 

25.00 

17.673 

17.501 

17.415 

9 

11.11 

8.043 

7.874 

7.788 

4^ 

22.22 

15.747 

15.576 

15.490 

9'A 

10.52 

7.638 

7.468 

7.383 

5 

20.00 

14.207 

14.035 

13.949 

10 

10.00 

7.273 

7.103 

7.018 

SK 

18.18 

12.942 

12.775 

12.689 

12 

8.34 

6.116 

5.948 

5.862 

THE    CEREAL    QUARTER    IN    THE    UNITED    KINGDOM. 

(Compiled  for  the  Chicago  Board  ol  Trade  by  G.  J.  S.  Broomhall  of  the  British  Royal  Statistical  Society.) 
In  the  United  Kingdom  the  quarter  comprises  among  others  the  following  conventional  weights: 

Lbs.  Lbs.  Lbs. 


Wheat  and  com  from  the 
Atlantic  and  Gulf  ports  of 
America,  from  Argentina, 
Australia,  and  New  Zealand 

American  and  Canadian  oats 

Wheat  from  Pacific  Coast  of 
U.  S.  A 

Californian  and  Oregon  barley 

Russian  wheat  from  Black 
Sea  and  Azoff,  always 

Russian  wheat  from  Baltic.  . . 

♦Russian  corn  from  Blacli  Sea 


480 
320 

500 

448 

492 
496 
492 


Russian    barley 
Sea  and  AzoS. 

Russian  oats . . . . 


from    Black 


Russian  rye 

Danublan  wheat 

Danubian  corn — large  berry. . 
Danubian  corn — small  berry. . 

Danubian  barley 

Danubian  rye 

German  wheat— from  Dantzig, 
500  lbs.;  all  others 


400 
304 
320 
480 
480 
480 
492 
400 
480 

504 


Cliilian  barley 

Chiiian  wheat 

New  Zealand  oats  cif .  320  J 

lbs.:  on  Mark  Lane \ 

Argentine  oats 

Linseed,  American 

Linseed,  Russian 

Linseed,  Argentine 

Linseed,  Bombay 

Linseed,  Calcutta 


448 
500 
320 
336 
304 
424 
424 
416 
416 
410 


*  If  shipped  from  Poti,  480  pounds. 


ROMAN    AND    ARABIC    NUMERALS. 


1 1 

II 2 

III 3 

rv 4 

V 5 


VI 6 

VII 7 

VIII 8 

IX 9 

X 10 


XI 11 

XII 12 

XIII 13 

XIV 14 

XV 15 


XVI 16 

XVII 17 

XVIII....  18 

XIX 19 

XX 20 


XXX 30 

XI, 40 

L 50 

LX 60 

LXX 70 


LXXX 

orXXG.   80 
XC......   90 

C 100 

CC 200 


ccc... 

CCCG.. 

D 

DC 

DOC... 


300 
400' 
500 
600 
700 


DCCG..  800 
CM ...  .    900 

M 1000 

MM.... 2000 


United  States  Standard  Container  Ad. 


105 


HEIGHT    AND    WEIGHT    OF    MEN    AND    WOMEN. 

Graded  Average  Weight  for  Men  and  Wo.men,  Compiled  by  the  Association  of  Lite  Insurance 
Medical,  Directors  and  the  Actuarial  Society   of  America. 
The  weights  are  fpr  persons  with  shoes  on,  and  without  coat  and  vest,  which  weigh  from  3  to  7  pounds, 
depending  on  height  of  Individual  and  season  of  year. 

MEN. 


Age 

Height  and 

Height  and 

Height  and 

Height  and 

Height  and 

Height  and 

Height  and 

Height  and 

Group. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

Weight. 

5' 

5'  t" 

5'  2" 

5'  3" 

6'  4" 

6'  5" 

5'  6" 

5'  7" 

15-19 

113 

115 

118 

121 

124 

128 

132 

136 

20-24 

119 

121 

124 

127 

131 

135 

139 

142 

25-29 

124 

126 

128 

131 

134 

138 

142 

146 

30-34 

127 

129 

131 

134 

137 

141 

145 

149 

35-39 

129 

131 

133 

136 

140 

144 

148 

152 

40  44 

132 

134 

136 

139 

142 

146 

150 

154 

45-49 

134 

136 

138 

141 

144 

148 

152 

156 

50-54 

135 

137 

139 

142 

145 

149 

153 

157 

5'  8" 

5'  9" 

5'  10" 

5'  11" 

6' 

6'  1" 

6'  2" 

6'  3" 

15-19 

140 

144 

148 

153 

158 

163 

168 

173 

20-24 

146 

150 

154 

158 

163 

168 

173 

178 

25-29 

150 

154 

158 

163 

]69 

175 

181 

187 

30-34 

1.54 

158 

163 

168 

174 

180 

186 

192 

35-39 

157 

162 

167 

172 

178 

184 

191 

197 

40-44 

159 

164 

169 

175 

181 

187 

191 

201 

45-49 

161 

166 

171 

177 

183 

190 

197 

204 

50-54 

162 

167 

172 

178 

184 

191 

198 

205 

WOMEN. 


15-19 
20-24 
25-29 
30-34 
3.5-39 
40-44 
45-49 
50-51 


15-19 
20-24 
2.5-29 
30-34 
35-39 
40-44 
45-49 
56-54 


4'  11" 
110 
113 
116 
119 
122 
126 
129 
131 

5'  6" 
130 
133 
136 
140 
144 
147 
151 
152 


5' 
112 
115 
118 
121 
124 
128 
131 
133 

5'  7" 
134 
137 
140 
144 
148 
151 
155 
157 


5'  1" 
114 
117 
120 
123 
126 
130 
133 
135 

5'  8" 
138 
141 
144 
148 
152 
155 
159 
162 


5  2" 
117 
120 
122 
125 
129 
133 
136 
138 

5'  9" 
141 
145 
148 
152 
156 
159 
163 
166 


5'  3" 
120 
123 
125 
128 
132 
136 
139 
141 

5'  10" 

145 
149 
152 
155 
159 
162 
166 
170 


5'  4" 
123 
126 
129 
132 
136 
139 
142 
144 

5'  11" 
150 
153 
155 
158 
162 
166 
170 
174 


5'  5" 
126 
129 
132 
136 
140 
143 
146 
148 

6' 
155 
157 
159 
162 
165 
169 
173 
177 


UNITED    STATES    STANDARD    CONTAINER    ACT. 

THE  act,  approved  by  the  President  August  31,  1916,  and  in  effect  November  1,  1917,  provides  the 
following  dimensions:  (a)  The  standard  2-qt.  Climax  baslcet  shall  be  of  the  following  dimensions:  Lengtli 
of  bottom  piece,  9H  ins.;  width  of  bottom  piece,  S14  Ins.;  thickness  of  bottom  piece,  3-8  ins.;  height  of 
basket,  3  7-8  ins.,  outside  measurement;  top  of  basket,  length  11  ins.  and  width  5  Ins.,  outside  measure- 
ment.    Basltet  to  have  a  cover  5  by  11  Ins.,  when  a  cover  is  used. 

(b)  The  standard  4-qt.  Climax  basket  shall  be  of  the  following  dimensions:  Length  of  bottom  piece, 
12  ins.;  width  of  bottom  piece,  m  Ins.;  thickness  of  bottom  piece,  3-8  Ins.;  height  of  basket,  4  11-16  Ins., 
outside  measurement;  top  of  basket,  length  14  Ins.,  width  6 'A  Ins.,  outside  measurement.  Basket  to  have 
cover  6J4  Ins.  by  14  ins.,  when  cover  Is  used. 

(c)  The  standard  12-qt.  Climax  basket  shall  be  of  the  following  dimensions:  Length  of  bottom  piece, 
16  Ins.;  width  of  bottom  piece,  6H  ins.;  thickness  of  bottom  piece,  7-16  ins.;  height  of  basket,  7  1-16  ins., 
outside  measurement;  top  of  basket,  length  19  Ins.,  width  9  Ins.,  outside  measurement.  Basket  to  have 
cover  9  ins.  by  19  Ins.,  when  cover  is  used. 

The  standard  basket  or  other  container  for  small  fruits,  berries,  and  vegetables  shall  be  of  the  following 
capacities,  namely,  dry  14  pint,  dry  pint,  dry  quart,  or  multiples  of  the  dry  quart,  (a)  The  dry  'A  pint 
shall  contain  16  8-10  cu.  ins.  (b)  The  dry  pint  shall  contain  33  6-10  cu.  ins.  (c)  The  dry  quart  shall 
contain  67  2-10  cu.  ins. 


Standard 
Capacity. 

Excess 
Toler- 
ances. 
Cu.  Ins. 

Defic- 
iency 
Tol'nces 
Cu.  Ins. 

Standard 
Capacity. 

Excess 
Toler- 
ances. 
Cu.  Ins. 

Defic- 
iency 
Tol'nces 
Cu.  Ins. 

Standard 
Capacity. 

Excess 
Toler- 
ances. 
Cu.  Ina. 

Defic- 
iency 
Tol'nces 
Cu.  Ins. 

1  bushel 

>A  bushel 

12  quarts 

50 
30 
23 

30 
18 
15 

1  peck 

H  peck 

2  quarts 

16 

10 

5 

10 
3'4 

1  quart 

1  pint 

'-<  pint 

3 
2 

1 

2 

IH 
'A 

Dimensions  op  Basket. 


Length  of  bottom  piece  of  2-qt,  4-qt 
or  12-qt 

Width  of  bottom  piece  of  2-qt,'' 4-qt, 
or  12-qt 

Thickness  of  bottom  piece  of  2-qt., 
4-qt.  or  12-qt 

Height  of  2-qt.,  4-qt.  or  12-qt.,  out- 
side measurement 


Excess 
Toler- 
ances. 


Inches. 
1-8 
1-8 
1-32 
1-8 


Defic- 
iency 
Toler. 


Inches. 
1-8 
1-8 
1-32 
1-8 


Dimensions  or  Basket. 


Length  of  cover  of  2-qt.,  4-qt  or  12-qt 
Width  of  cover  of  2-qt.,  4-qt.  or  12-qt 
Combined  length  and  width  of  top  of 

2-qt.,  outside  measurement 

Combined  length  and  width  of  top  of 

4-qt.,  outside  measurement 

Combined  length  and  width  of  top  of 

12-qt.,  outside  measurement 


Excess 
Toler- 
ances. 


Inches 
1-8 
1-8 

1-2 

5-8 

3-4 


Defic- 
iency 
Toler. 


Inches. 
1-8 
1-8 

1-4 

3-8 

1-2 


106 


Transposed  Numbers  in  Bookkeeping. 


GRAIN    AND    SEED    BUSHEL    MEASURE. 

SHOWING    THE    LEGAL    NUMBER    OF    POUNDS    PER    BUSHEL. 


■ai 

M  a 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

■3  a 

as 

60 
56 
68 
32 
56 
48 

a  a 

2  be 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

d 

i1 
^8 

60 

56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

6 
S 
O 

60 
56 
68 
32 
66 
48 

i. 
a 

as 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

-J 
O  c3 

60 
56 
70 
32 
5C 
48 

c3 

-J 
IS 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

O 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 
56 
36 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
48 
56 
60 
52 

ii 
Sg 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

38 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
48 
50 
60 
52 

1  ^ 

^S 

00 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 
56 
30 
45 
60 
50 
14 
44 
50 
56 
60 
52 

a  . 

c3  CO 
«^ 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 
56 
32 
45 
60 
50 
14 
44 
50 
56 
60 
50 

ol 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 
56 
38 
42 
60 
.48 
14 
44 
48 
56 
60 
42 

i 

X 

a> 

h 

60 
56 

70 
32 
56 
48 
56 
34 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
48 
56 
60 
42 

1 
a 

<g 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 
56 
34 
60 
60 
48 
14 
44 
48 
56 
60 
52 

0)  o 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

1 
>i  . 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

60 
56 
70 
32 
56 
48 

Wheat 

Corn — shelled 

60 

Corn — in  ear 

Oats 

70 

Rye 

Sfi 

Barley 

48 

Malt 

38 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
50 
56 
60 
52 

38 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
50 
56 
GO 
50 

38 
45 
60 
50 
14 
44 
50 
56 
60 
48 

34 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
50 
56 
60 
50 

34 
45 
60 
50 
14 
44 
50 
56 
60 
50 

34 
45 
60 
48 
14 
50 
48 
56 
60 
50 

34 
42 
60 
48 
14 
44 
48 
56 
60 
42 

34 

42 
60 
48 
14 
44 
48 
56 
60 
42 

34 
44 
60 
44 
15 
44 
50 
56 
60 
48 

34 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
50 
56 
60 
48 

38 
45 
60 
48 
14 
44 
48 
56 
60 
52 

34 

Timothy  seed 

4'i 

Clover  seed 

60 

Hungarian  grass  seed .... 

Blue  grass  seed 

Hemp  seed 

48 
14 
44 

Millet  seel 

Flax  seed 

48 
56 

Alfalfa  sesd 

Buckwheat 

60 
52 

MINNESOTA    WEIGHTS    OF    PRODUCE. 

Produce. 

lbs. 

-       PRODUCE. 

lbs. 

PRODUCE. 

lbs. 

PRODUCE. 

lbs. 

Apples,  green 

50 
28 
60 
48 
50 
50 
14 
42 
57 

Shelled  corn 

Unshelled  corn 

Clover  seed 

Carrots     

56 
70 
60 
45 
36 
40 
40 
50 
48 

Millet 

48 
32 
52 
14 
60 
60 
55 
42 
28 

Rape  seed 

50 

Apples,  dried 

Oats 

Red  top  seed 

Rutabagas 

14 

Beans 

Onions 

52 

Barley 

Orchard  grass  seed. . 

Peas 

Potatoes,  Irish 

Potatoes,  sweet 

Parsnips: 

Rye 

66 

Buckwheat 

Beets 

Cranberries 

Currants 

Sorghum  seed 

Timothy  seed 

Wheat 

57 
45 

Gooseberries 

Hemp  seed 

Hungarian  grass .... 

60 

Blueberries 

Broom  corn  seed .... 

Peaches,  dried 

LEGAL  WEIGHT  PER  BUSHEL  IN  KENTUCKY  ON  VARIOUS  ARTICLES. 
Oectlon  4821  of  the  Kentucky  Statutes  provides  that  the  following  shall  be  the  legal  weights  in  Kentucky 
and  said  weights  shall  constitute  a  bushel  of  each  article  named: 


PRODUCE. 

lbs. 

1    ■          PRODUCE. 

IDs. 

PRODUCE. 

lbs. 

PRODUCE. 

lbs. 

Wheat 

60 
56 
♦70 
t68 
56 
32 
47 
60 
55 

White  beans 

Castor  beans 

Clover  seed 

Timothy  seed 

Flax  seed 

60 
45 
60 
45 
56 
50 
60 
14 
56 

Dried  apples 

Dried  peaches 

Onions 

Bottom  onion  sets . . 
Salt 

24 
39 
57 
36 
50 
76 
20 
8 
60 

Unslaked  lime 

Corn  meal 

35 

Shelled  corn '. . 

50 

Fine  salt 

55 

Com 

Hungarian  grass  sd . 

Ground  peas 

Orchard  grass  seed. 
English  bluegrass  sd. 
Hemp  seed 

60 

Rye  .             ... 

24 

Oate,  shelled 

Barley 

Millet  seed 

tStone  coal 

Bran 

Plastering  nalr 

Turnips 

14 
14 

Irish  potatoes 

Sweet  potatoes 

Bluegrass  seed 

Buckwheat 

44 

♦November  1  to  May  1. 
Other  mined  coal. 


tMay    1  to  November  1.     JCoal  includes  anthracite,  cannel,  bituminous  and 


DISTANCE    TO    PLANT    TREES, 

The  convenient  and  common  distances  are  given  herewith: 


ETC. 


Apples . 

Feel. 
30  to  50 
8  to  10 
12  to  25 
20  to  30 
10  to  15 
16  to  20 

Peaches 

Feel. 
16  to  20 
16  to  25 
16  to  20 

8  to  14 
35  to  40 

8  to  10 

Currants 

Feet. 
4  to    5 

Apples,  dwarf  {Pdse.  stk.) 

Cherries ; 

Gooseberries 

Raspberries,  black 

Raspberries,  red .         .  . 

4  to    5 

Apples, dwarf  (D'cin  stk.) . . 

Apricots 

3  to    6 

Pears 

Quinces 

3  to    5 

Pears,  dwarf 

Pecans 

Blackberries 

Strawberries .  .  . : 

4  to    7 

Plums 

Grapes 

1  to    2 

NUMBER    OF    TREES    PER    ACRE    AT    DIFFERENT    DISTANCES. 


IH  feet  apart  each  way.  . .  19,360 

1 H  feet  by  2  feet 14,520 

2  feet  apart  each  way 10,890 

2  feet  by  3  feet 7,260 

2  feet  by  4  feet ' 5,445 

3  feet  apart  each  way 4,840 

3  feet  by  4  feet 3,630 

4  feet  apt,rt  each  way 2,722 


'  5  feet  apart  each  way . . 
6  feet  apart  each  way. . 
8  feet  apart  each  way . . 
10  feet  apart  each  way. 
12  feet  apart  each  way. 
15  feet  apart  each  way. 
18  feet-apart  each  way. 
20  feet  apart  each  way. 
22  feet  apart  each  way. 


1,742 
1,210 
680 
435 
302 
200 
135 
110 
90 


25  feet  apart  each  way. 
30  feet  apart  each  way. 


70 
50 


Rows  6  ft.  apart  and  trees  I 

ft.  apart  in  the  row 7,260 

Rows  8  ft.  apart  and  trees  1 
ft.  apart  in  the  row 5,445 

Rows  10  ft.  apart  and  trees 

1  ft.  apart  in  the  row.  . .  .    4,35fl 


TRANSPOSED 

NUMBERS 

IN 

-BOOKKEEPING. 

Differ- 
ences. 

Numbers. 

Differ- 
ences . 

Numbers. 

Differ- 
ences . 

Numbers . 

Differ- 
ences. 

Nos. 

27  { 

10 

21 

32 

43    64    65 

76 

87 

98 

36  { 

40 

51 

62 

73    84 

95 

63  j 
72 

81  { 

70 

81 

92 

90  1 

ino 

01 

12 

23 

34    45    66 

67 

78 

89 

04 

15 

26 

37    48 

59 

07 

18 

29 

010 

20 

31 

42 

53    64    75 

86 

«7 

50 

61 

72 

83    94 

SO 

91 

99  I 

110 

02 

13 

24 

35    46    57 

68 

79 

05 

1R 

27 

38    49 

08 

19 

Oil 

30 

41 

52 

63    74    86 

m 

60 

71 

82 

93 

90 

m 

14 

25 

36    47    68 

6» 

00 

17 

28 

39 

09 

Common  Fractions  Reduced  to  Decimals. 


107 


CAPACITY    OF    SILOS    IN    TONS. 


Inside 
Height 
OF  Silo. 


■  Feet 
20.... 
21.... 
22.... 
23.... 
24.... 
25.... 
26.... 
27.... 
28.... 
29.... 
30.... 


Inside  Diameter  of 
Silo,  Feet. 


10 


12 


14 


51 
55 
59 
63 
-67 
71 
75 
79 
83 
87 
91 


16 


67 

72 

77 

81 

86 

91 

97 

102 

109 

114 

119 


18 


103 
110 
116 
123 
130 
137 
144 
151 


20 


143 
152 
160 
169 
178 
187 


Inside 
Height 
OF  Silo. 


Feet 
31.... 
32 ... . 
33 ... . 
34.... 
35.... 
36.... 
37.... 
.38.... 
39.... 
40.... 


Inside 

Diameter 

OF  1 

Silo,  Feet. 

10 

14 

14 

16 

18 

20 

49 

70 

96 

125 

15S 

196 

51 

74 

101) 

131 

166 

205 

.:: 

53 

77 

105 

137 

174 

215 

56 

80 

109 

143 

191 

224 

£ 

58 

84 

114 

149 

189 

234 

61 

87 

lis 

155 

196 

243 

63 

90 

123 

161 

204 

2.52 

66 

94 

128 

167 

212 

262 

68 

97 

133 

173 

220 

272 

70 

101 

138 

180 

228 

282 

Inside 
Height 
OP  Silo. 


41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 


Feet. 


Inside  Diameter  of 
'    Silo,  Feet. 


10 


12 


105 
109 
113 

117 


14 


143 
148 
154 
159 
165 
170 


16 


187 
193 
201 
207 
215 
222 
229 
236 


18 


236 
244 
252 
261 
269 
227 
285 
293 
301 
310 


20 

291 
300 
310 
320 
330 
340 
350 
361 
371 
382 


CEMENT,    SAND    AND    STONE    REQUIRED    FOR    WALLS    OF    SILOS. 

(Thickness  of  walls,  6  inches.     Doors,  26  inches  wide.     Proportions  for  concrete,  1:2K:4.) 


Height  of 
Silo, 
Feet. 

Bbls.  of  Cement  Required  For 
Given  Inside  Diameter  in  Feet. 

Cu.  Yds.  of  Sand  Required  For 
Given  Inside  Diameter  in  Feet. 

Cu.  Yds.  of  Gravel  Req'd  For 
Given  Inside  Diameter  in  Feet. 

10 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

10 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

10 

12 

14 

16 

18 

20 

20 

16.0 
17.7 
19.2 
21.0 
22.3 
24.0 
25.7 
27.1 
28.7 
30.3 
31.7 
33.6 

19.0 
21.0 
22.8 
24.8 
26.6 
28.8 
30.7 
32.3 
34.2 
36.2 
37.8 
40.0 
41.8 

22.6 
24.9 
27.1 
29.3 
31.5 
33.8 
36.0 
38.3 
40.4 
42.8 
44.5 
47.4 
49.6 
51.8 

25.4 
28.0 
30.7 
33.0 
35.5 
38.2 
40.5 
43.4 
45.8 
48.7 
50.6 
53.7 
55.8 
58.6 
61.2 

5.8 

6.5 

7.0 

•  7.7 

8.2 

8.7 

9.4 

10.0 

10.5 

11.1 

11.6 

12.3 

7.0 

7.7 

8.6 

9.1 

9.7 

10.5 

11.2 

11.8 

12.5 

13.3 

14.0 

14.7 

15.3 

8.4 
9.0 
9.9 
10.7 
11.6 
12.3 
13.1 
14.0 
14.8 
15.7 
16.4 
17.3 
18.1 
18.9 

9.3 
10.2 
11.2 
12.1 
13.0 
14.0 
14.8 
15.8 
16. S 
17.8 
18.6 
19.5 
20.4 
21.4 
22.3 

9.4 
10.4 
11.4 
12.4 
13,3 
14,2 
15,0 
16.1 
17.0 
18.0 
18.8 
19.9 

11.2 
12.4 
13.5 
14.7 
15.8 
17.0 
18.0 
19.2 
20.3 
21.5 
22.4 
23.8 
24.8 

13.3 
14.8 
16.0 
17.4 
18.7 
19.8 
21.3 
.22 . 5 
24.0 
25.4 
26.4 
28.0 
29.2 
30.6 

15  2 
16.5 
18.2 
19.6 
21.0 
22.8 
24.0 
25.5 
27.2 
28.7 
30.0 
31.7 
33,0 
34.7 
36.0 

22 

32.0 
35.0 
37,8 
40.6 
43.4 
46.0 
49.0 
52.0 
55.0 
57.5 
60.5 
65.3 
66.5 
69.8 
71.6 

41.8 
44.9 
48.0 
51.4 
54.3 
57.5 
60.8 
64.0 
67.5 
71.0 
74.0 
76.6 
80.0 

11,6 
12.7 
13.7 
14,8 
15.8 
16.9 
17,9 
19.0 
20.1 
21,2 
22.1 
23,9 
24.4 
25.5 
26,3 

14'.  i 

15,3 
16.4 
17,5 
18.7 
19.9 
21.0 
22,2 
23,6 
24.6 
26.0 
27.0 
28.0 
29,6 

18.8 
20.6 
22.2 
24.0 
25.5 
27  3 
29.0 
30.6 
32.5 
34.0 
35.6 
38.4 
39.3 
41.0 
42.3 

24 

22.8 

26 

24.8 

28 

26  5 

30 

28  5 

32 

30  3 

34 

32  (1 

36 

34.0 

38 

35  9 

40 

38.0 

42 

40  0 

44 

41  8 

46 

43  5 

48 

45.(1 

50 

.... 

47.2 

HEAT    TRANSMITTED    THROUGH    ROOFING    MATERIAL. 


Material. 


Bright  galvanized  iron  sheet. 
Gal.  iron,  blackened  below..  . 
Gal.  iron  blackened  above. .  . 
Gal.    iron,    blackened    above 

and  below 

Gal.  corrugated  iron  after  one 

month's  exposure  to  weather 
Gal.  corrugated  iron  after  one 

year's  exposure 


100 
Sq.ft 
Perh, 


111 
168 
385 

581 

310 

422 


Thick- 
ness, 
In. 


0.040 
0.040 
0.040 

0.040 

0.033 

0.033 


Pound 

Per 
Sq.  ft. 


1.60 
1.60 
1.60 

1.60 

1.28 

1.28 


Material. 


Gai.  corrugated  iron  painted 
black  above. 

Roofing  glass,  serrated 

Welsh  slate 

Westmoreland  slate 

]4-m.  T.  G.  deal  covered  with 
asphalted  felt S 


100  I  Thick- 
Sq.ft,     ness, 
Perh.       In. 


472 
453 
337 
248 

124 


0.033 
0,220 
0.170 
0.250 

1.000 


Pound 
Per 

Sq.   ft. 


1.28 
2.25 
2.90 
4.80 

2.60 


COMMON    FRACTIONS    REDUCED    TO    DECIMALS. 


8ths. 

16ths 

32ds. 

64ths 

1 

.015625 

1 

2 
3 

.03125 
.046875 

1 

2 

4 
5 

.0625 
,078125 

3 

6 
7 

.09375 
.109375 

1 

2 

4 

8 

.125 

*5 

9 

.  140625 

10 

.15625 

11 

.171875 

3 

6 

12 
13 

.1875 
.203125 

7 

14 
15 

.21875 
.234375 

2 

4 

8 

16 

17 

.25 
.265625 

9 

18 
19 

.28125 
.296875 

5 

10 

20 
21 

.3125 
.328125 

11 

22 

.34375 

8ths.   16ths   32ds.  64ths 


10 


U 


12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 


23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 


.359375 
375 

!  390625 
,40625 
.421875 
.4375 
.453125 
.46875 
.484375 
.5 

.515625 
.53125 
. 546875 
.5625 
.578125 
,59375 
, 609375 
.625 
.640625 
.65625 
.671875 
.6875 


8tn8. 

16ths 

32ds. 

64ths 

45 

23 

46 
47 

6 

12 

24 

48 
49 

25 

50 
51 

13 

26 

52 
53 

27 

54 
55 

7 

14 

28 

56 
57 

29 

58 
59 

15 

30 

60 

. 

61 

31 

62 
63 

8 

16 

32 

64 

.703125 

.71875 

.734375 

.75 

.765625 

.78125 

. 796875 

.8125 

.828125 

.84375 

.859375 

.875 

.890625 

.  90625 

.921875 

.9375 

.953125 

,96875 

.984375 


108 


Boiler  Explosion  Statistics. 


BOILER    EXPLOSION    STATISTICS. 

(From  a  paper  read  by  F.  S.  Crum,  at  the  First  Industrial  Safety  Congress,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.) 
EXPLOSIONS    IN   THE   UNITED    STATES,    1868-1915. 


Year  Ending 
December  31. 


1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 


Num- 
ber of 
Explo- 
sions. 

Person.? 

Killed. 

Injured. 

Killed 

and 

Injured. 

101 

226 

185 

411 

96 

147 

268 

415 

109 

213 

272 

485 

89 

383 

225 

608 

98 

232 

235 

467 

92 

130 

215 

345 

96 

175 

160 

335 

102 

134 

195 

329 

75 

147 

145 

292 

83 

157 

201 

358 

97 

178 

216 

394 

132 

208 

213 

421 

170 

259 

555 

814 

159 

251 

313 

564 

-    172 

•     271- 

359 

630 

•184 

263 

412 

675 

152. 

254 

251 

505 

155 

220 

278 

498 

185 

254 

314 

568 

198 

264 

388 

652 

246 

331 

505 

836 

180 

304 

433 

737 

226 

244 

351 

595 

257 

263 

371 

634 

269 

298 

442 

740 

316 

327 

385 

712 

Year  Ending 
December  31. 


1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


1868-1915 

Annual  average. 


Num- 
ber of 
Explo- 
sions. 


362 
355 
346 
369 
383 
383 
373 
423 
391 
383 
391 
450 
431 
471 
470 
550 
533 
499 
537 
499 
467 
403 


13,508 
281 


Persons. 


Killed. 


331 
374 
382 
398 
324 
298 
268 
312 
304 
293 
220 
383 
235 
300 
281 
227 
280 
222 
278 
180 
148 
132 


12,303 
256 


Injured 


472 
519 
629 
628 
677 
456 
620 
646 
529 
522 
394 
585 
467 
420 
531 
422 
506 
416 
392 
369 
315 
236 


18,238 
380 


Killed 

and 

Injured. 


803 

893 

911 

926 

901 

754 

788 

958 

833 

815 

614 

968 

702 

720 

812 

649 

786 

638 

670 

649" 

463 

368 


30,541 
036 


EXPLOSIONS    IN    THE    UNITED    KINGDOM.    1883-1915. 


Num- 
ber of 
Explo- 
sions. 

Persons. 

Year  Ending 
June  30.    . 

Num- 
ber of 
Explo- 
sions. 

Persons. 

Yeah  Ending 
June  30. 

Killed. 

Injured. 

Killed 

and 

Injured. 

Killed. 

Injured. 

Killed 

and 
Injured. 

1883 

45 
41 
43 
57 
37 
61 
67 
77 
72 
88 
72 
104 
114 
79 
80 
84 
.68 
59 

35 

18 
40 
33 
24 
31 
33 
21 
32 
23 
20 
24 
43 
20 
27 
37 
36 
24 

33 
62 
62 
79 
44 
52 
79 
76 
61 
82 
37 
54 
85 
48 
75 
46 
67 
65 

68 
80 

102 

112 
68 
S3 

112 
97 
93 

105 
57 
78 

128 
73 

102 
83 

103 
89 

1901 

72 
68 
69 
60 
57 
54 
77 
73 
93 
103 
100 
106 
80 
68 
61 

33 
30 
22 
19 
14 
25 
28 
23 
12 
14 
13 
30 
31 
22 
22 

60 
55 
67 
45 
40 
21 
65 
50 
53 
62 
■  61 
75 
42 
74 
55 

93 

1884 

1902 

85 

1885 

1903 

89 

1886 , 

1904 

64 

1887 '.  .  . 

1905   

54 

1888 

1906.. 

46 

1889 

1907 

93 

1890 

1908 

73 

1891 

1909 

1910 

65 

1892 

76 

1893 

1911 

74 

1894 

1912 

105 

1895 . 

1913 

1914 

73 

1896 

96 

1897 

1915 

77 

laoR 

1883-1915 

Annual  aver.ige. . . 

1899 

2,389 
72 

864 
26 

1,932 

58 

2,796 

1900 

84 

EXPLOSIONS    IN    GERMANY,    1S77-1914. 

Year  Ending 
December  31. 

Explo- 
sions. 

Persons.              i 

Year  Ending 
December  31. 

Explo- 
sions. 

Per.sons. 

Killed. 

Serious- 
ly Inj'd 

Slightly 
Injured. 

Killed. 

Serious- 
ly Inj'd 

Slightly 
Injured. 

1877 

20 
18 
18 
20 
11 
11 
14 
14 
13 
16 
14 
15 
16 
16 
10 
18 
10 
35 
23 
21 
21 

21 

7 

36 

10 

8 

19 

23 

12 

11 

10 

17 

4 

6 

9 

6 
12 
20 
10 
17 

14 
4 

10 
5 

18 

14 
8 

11 
2 
5 
5 
3 
5 
1 
3 

11 
5 
9 

23 
2 
3 

23 

9 

32 

14 

21 

15 

24 

22 

9 

8 

61 

4 

17 

11 

7 

18 

10 

13 

31 

13 

19 

1898 

18 
14 
13 
17 
17 
10 
15 

9 
15 
16 
11 

9 

8 
8 
11 
9 
8 

3 

13 

6 

10 

7 

8 

5 

4 

5 

7 

3 

5 

3 

15 

10 

8 

2 

7 
11 

1 
3 
7 

s' 

4' 

2 
8 
2 
5 
13 
6 
2 

21 

1878 

1899. : 

11 

1879 

1900 

1901 

17 

1880 

14 

1881 

1902 

10 

1882 

1903 

6 

1883 

1904 

8 

1884 

1905 

3 

1885 

1906 

3 

1886 

1907 

5 

1887 

1908 

8 

1888 

1909 

23 

1889   

1910 

2 

1890 

1911 

10 

1891    

1912 

10 

1892 

1913 

12 

1893 

1914 

7 

1894 

1877-1914.  .  .r..  . 
Annual  average. . . 

1895 

562 
15 

382 
10 

239 
6 

550 

1896.... I 

1897.... > 

14 

Interest  Tables  for  Farmers  who  Borrow. 


109 


BOILER  EXPLOSION  STATISTICS. — Continued. 


DISASTROUS    BOILER    EXPLOSIONS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES,    1865-1916. 


Date. 


April  27,  1865 


1871 

Oct.  29, 
Mar.  11, 
July  6, 
Feb.  18, 
Mar.  6, 
Aug.  19, 
Sept.  1, 
Jan.  3, 
Aug.  22, 
July  22, 
Aug.  19, 
1902 .... 
Nov.  — , 
Dec.  21, 
Nov.  6, 
May  26, 
Aug.  25, 


1880 
1880 
1880 
1889 
1895 
1895 
1899 
1899 
1899 
1899 
1899 


Dec.  28, 
Jan.  4, 
Mar.  20, 


1902 
1903 
1904 
1904 
1904 

1904 
1905 
1905 


July   21,  1906 


Location. 


Near  Memphis  on 
Mississippi  River.. 

New  York 

East  River,  N.  Y 

Franlifort,  Ind 

Duniiiric,  Oliio 

Hartford,  Conn. ..... 

Detroit,  Mich ....... 

Denver,  Colo 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Shreveport,  La 

Appleton,  Wis 

Helena,  Ark  . .-. 

Pittsburg,  Kan 

Chicago,  111 

Lebanon,  Pa 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Louisville,  Ky 

Green  Bay,  nr.  Lake- 
land. Fla 

WalvUIe,  Wash .... 

Hunting,  W.  Va... 

Campello,  Brockton, 
Mass 

San  Diego,  Cal .... 


Dec.     6,  1906  West  Lynn,  Mass. .. 


Kind  ol 

No. 

Structure. 

Kil'd 

Steamboat 

1,238 

Ferryboat 

106 

Tugboat.. . 

2 

Plant 

10 

Plant 

9 

Hotel 

23 

Building.. . 

37 

Hotel 

22 

Iron  Wks. . 

8 

Mill 

4 

Mill.. 

4 

Plant 

1 

Brick  Wks. 

3 

Plant 

15 

Plant 

12 

Barn 

8 

Plant 

2 

Steamboat. 

11 

Plant 

4 

Mill 

4 

Towboat.  . 

8 

Factory .  . . 

58 

u.  s.  s. 

Bennington 

62 

Factory .  .  . 

Date. 


Sept.  26,  1907 
Nov.  30,  1907 
Dec.  12.  1907 
Feb.  14,  1908 
Dec.  9,  1908 
Feb.  3,  1908 
June    5,  1908 


Aug.  10, 
Dec.  1, 
Dec.  6, 
Oct.  25, 
June  15, 
Nov.  21, 
April  27, 
Aug.  28, 
Oct.  20, 
Jan.    17, 


1908 
1909 
1909 
1909 
1903 
1909 
1909 
1909 
1910 
1911 


Dec. 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Feb. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Nov. 


2,  1911 

15,  1911 

29,  1912 

5,  1912 

19,  1912 

14,  1913 
28,  1913 

15.  1916 

20,  1916 


Location. 


Pleasant  Hill,  Mo... 

Brunswick,  Me 

East  Greenwich,  R.  I 

Adrian,  Mo 

Allentown,  Pa 

Northumberland,  Pa 
Point  Hueneme,  Cal. 

York,  Pa '. 

Shelton,  Conn 

Kansas  City,  Mo..  .  . 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Denver,  Col 

Plaqueraine,  La 

Kerrick,  Minn 

Hayneville,  Ala 

Greenpoint,  L.  I 

At  sea 

Reader,  Ark 

Fredonia,  N.  Y 

Salem,  Ore 

Wilsondale,  W.  Va.. 

Bond,  Miss 

Saylesville,  R.  I 

Raleigh,  N.  C 

Stroudsburg,  N.  J. . . 
Greenpoint,  L.  I . . . . 


Kind  or 
Structure. 


Greenhouse 
RR.  stat'n. 

School 

School 

Plant 

Mill 

U.   S.    S. 
Tennessee  . 

Plant 

Mill 

Building..  . 
Brewery. .  . 

Plant 

Ship 

Sawmill .  .  . 
Cotton  gin. 

Plant 

U.   S.   S. 
Delaware . . 

Mill.. 

Plant 

Bank 

Mill 

Mill 

Plant 

R'ndhouse 
Locom'tve 
Tugboat. .  . 


No. 
Kil'd 


2 
3 
8 

7 
10 

1 

2 

1 

4 
7 


INTEREST    TABLES    FOR    FARMERS    WHO    BORROW. 

(By  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Board.) 

Below  is  a  table  showing  the  comparative  cost  on  a  SI, 000  basis  of  a  loan  made  on  the  thirty-slx-year 
amortization  plan,  5  per  cent,  interest,  semi-annual  payment,  and  a  loan  on  the  simple-Interest  plan  at  5, 
6H,  6.  6H,  or  7  per  cent.,  for  any  number  of  years  from  five  to  thirt.v-six,  inclusive  In  order  to  find  the 
difference  in  cost  of  a  loan  in  any  sum  on  the  above  amortization  plan  and  a  loan  of  like  sum  on  the  simple- 
interest  plan,  (1)  using  the  accompanying  table,  subtract  the  cost  of  a  81,000  Federal  land  bank  loan  for 
the  time  the  desired  loan  will  run  from  the  cost  of  a  SI, 000  simple-interest  loan  at  the  specified  rate  for  the 
same  number  of  years;  (2)  multiply  this  difference  by  the  number  of  times  1,000  is  contained  in  the  face  of 
the  desired  loan. 


Amount  required  to 

CANCEL   LOAN    ON 

Time,  in  Years. 

The 

Amortization 

Plan. 

The  SIMP1.E  Interest  Plan. 

5  per  cent. 

5H   per  cent. 

6  per  cent. 

6H   per  cent. 

7  per  cent. 

5 

$1,243.99 
1,291.03 
1,337.41 
1,383.10 
1,428.07 
1,472.28 
1,515.69 
1,558.26 
1.599.95 
1,640.71 
1,680.49 
1,719.25 
1,756.94 
1,793.49 
1,828.86 
1,862.99 
1,895.80 
1,927.24 
1,957.23 
1,985.70 
2,012.58 
2.037.78 
2,061.21 
2,082.80 
2,102.44 
2,120.04 
2,135.49 
2,148.69 
2.159.52 
2,167.86 
2,173.58 
2,176.56 

§1,250.00 
1,300.00 
1,350.00 
1,400.00 
1,450.00 
1,500.00 
1,550.00 
1,600.00 
1,650.00 
1,700.00 
1,750.00 
1,800.00 
1,850.00 
1,900.00 
1,950.00 
2,000.00 
2,050.00 
2,100.00 
2,150.00 
2,200.00 
2.250.00 
2,300.00 
2,350.00 
2,400.00 
2,450.00 
2,500.00 
2,550.00 
2,600.00 
2,650.00 
2,700.00 
2.750.00 
2,800.00 

31,275.00 
1,330.00 
1,385.00 
1,440.00" 
1,495.00 
1,550.00 

""1,605.00 
1,660.00 
1,715.00 
1,770.00 
1,825.00 
1,880.00 
1,935.00 
1,990.00 
2,045.00 
2,100.00 
2,155.00 
2,210.00 
2,265.00 
2,320.00 
2,375.00 
2,430.00 
2,485.00 
2,540.00 
2,595.00 
2,650.00 
2.705.00 
2.760.00 
2,815.00 
2,870.00 
2,925.00 
2.980.00 

81,300.00 
1,360.00 
1,420.00 
1,480.00 
1,540.00 
1,600.00 
1,660.00 
1,720.00 
1,780.00 
1,840,00 
1,900.00 
1,960.00 
2,020.00 
2,080.00 
2,140.00 
2,200.00 
.     2,260.00 
2,320.09 
2,380.00 
2,440.00 
2,500.00 
2,560.00 
2,620.00 
2,680.00 
2,740.00 
2,800.00 
2.860.00 
2,920.00 
2,980.00 
3,040.00 
3,100.00 
3,160.00 

81.325.00 
1,390.00 
1,455.00 
1,520.00 
1,585.00 
1,650.00 
1,715.00 
1,780.00 
1,845.00 
1,910.00 
1,975.00 
2,040.00 
2,105.00 
2,170.00 
2,235.00 
2,300.00 
2,365.00 
2,430.00 
2,495.00 
2,560.00 
2,625.00 
2,690.00 
2,755.00 
2,820.00 
2,885.00 
2,950.00 
3,015.00 
3,080.00 
3,145.00 
3210.00 
3.275.00 
3,340.00 

81,350.00 

6 

1,420.00 

7 

1,490.00 

S 

1,560.00 

9 

1,630.00 

10 

1,700.00 

11 

1,770.00 

12 

1,840.00 

13 

1,910.00 

14 

1,980.00 

15 

2,050.00 

16 

2,120.00 

17 

2,190.00 

18 

2,260.00 

19 

2,330.00 

20 

2,400.00 

21 

2,470.00 

22 

2,540.00 

23 

2,610.00 

24 

2,680.00 

25 

2.750.00 

26 

2.820.00 

27 

2,890.00 

•28 

2,960.00 

29 

3.030.00 

30 

3,100.00 

31 '.  . 

3.170.00 

32 

3.240.00 

33 

3,310,00 

34 

3,380.00 

3.5 

3,450.00 

36. 

3,.520.00 

Tiie  above  table  shows  the  relative  advantages  of  the  various  plans  for  buying  land  on  instalments. 


110 


Foreign  Weights  and  Measures. 


FOREIGN    WEIGHTS    AND    MEASURES. 


Denomina- 
tions. 

Where  Used. 

American 
Equivalents. 

Denomina- 
tions. 

Where  Used. 

American 
Equivalents. 

Portugal 

4.422  gals. 

7.6907  bu.;  and, 
at      Cairo,      it 
equals  4.92  Imp. 
bu.,      or      5.()7 
Winch'r  bu. 

0.02471  acre. 

25  lbs. 

1.011  lbs. 
25.3175  lbs. 
32.38  lbs. 
25.3664  lbs. 
32.38  lbs. 
25.36  lbs. 
25.4024  lbs. 

4.263  gals. 
28  in. 
5.44  sq.  ft. 

1.12  lbs. 

20.0787  gals. 

11.4  gals. 
100  lbs. 
361.12  lbs. 

4  Winch'r  bU.. 
832  grains. 
7,096.5  sq.meters 
0.1  inch. 
140  gals. 
5.4  gals. 
529  lbs. 
500  lbs. 

99.05  lbs.  av. 
113  lbs. 

575  lbs. 
124.7036  lbs. 

175  lbs. 
300  lbs. 
1.333 J^    lbs.:    at 

treaty   ports, 

1.33  J^  lbs. 
1.31  lbs. 
1.35  lbs. 
2.12  lbs. 
4.2631  gals. 
117.5  lbs. 
110.24  lbs. 
110.11  lbs. 

112.43  lbs. 

113.44  lbs. 
93.7  lbs. 
123.5  lbs. 
110.24  lbs. 
220.46  lbs. 
5.7748  bu. 
14  inches. 
2.4507  acres. 
4bu. 

3,098  lbs. 
2,667  lbs. 
4.2  acres. 
78.9  yds. 
8.077  sq.  ft. 
Nearly  2  acres. 
35.3  eu.  ft. 

112  lbs. 

2.6997  acres. 
1.599  bu. 
Half  ounce. 
1.5745  bu. 
2  .575  bu. 

Frasco 

Frasila .'.'!.'!!! 

Fuder 

Fun'., 

Argentine  Republic 
Mexico 

2.5096  qts. 
2.5  qts. 

/Vrdeb 

Egypt 

Metric 

Zanzibar 

35  lbs. 

Luxemburg 

Russia 

264.17  gals. 
0.9028  lb. 

Are 

Garniee 

Gram 

Hectare 

Hectoliter:  Dry 

Liquid 

Joch 

Russian  Poland  . .  . 
Metric 

0.88  gal. 
15.432  grains. 

Arobe 

Paraguay 

2.471  acres. 

Arratel  or  libra 

Portugal 

Argentine  Republic 
Brazil 

•• 

2.838  bii. 

Arroba.  (drv^ . . 

•* 

26,417  gals. 

Austria  Hungai-y . . 
Japan 

1.422  acres. 

4* 

Cuba 

Ken 

6  feet. 

•  • 

Portugal 

Kilogram  (kilo) 

Kilometer 

Klafter 

Koku 

Korree 

Kwamzme. .  .  . 
Last 

Metric 

2.2046  lbs. 

•  « 

Spain 

0.621376  mile. 

** 

Venezuela 

Cuba,    Spain,    and 

Venezuela 

Russia 

Russia 

216  cu.  ft. 

Arroba  (liquid) 

Japan 

4.9629   Imp.   bu. 

Russia . 

3.5  bu. 

Arshine 

Japan . .                ... 

8.28  lbs. 

Belgium,  Holland . . 
England  (dry  malt) 
Germany 

85  134  bu. 

Artel 

Morocco 

•• 

.« 

!•           •    •   • 

82.52  bu. 

Baril 

Argentine  Republic 

and  Mexico 

Malta  (customs).. . 
Spain  (raisins) .  .  .  .. 
Russia 

2     metric     tons 

Barrel 

Prussia 

(4.480  lbs.). 
112.29  bu. 

Rprkovpts 

Russian  Poland  .  .  . 
Scotland    Ireland 

11%  bu. 
10  Guarters 

Boll,  or  Bole. . 
Bonerkal      .... 

Scotland,  Ireland . . 
India 

«1 

League  (land) . 

Spain  (salt) 

Paraguay  

4,760  lbs. 
4,633  acres. 

Bouw              . . 

Sumatra 

Japan 

China. 

2,115  ft 

Bu 

Libra  (lb.) 

•  • 

•  • 

•  • 

Argentine  Republic 
Central  America. . . 
Chili 

1.0127  lbs. 

Butt  (wine) . . . 
CafQso 

Spain 

1.043  lbs 

Malta 

1.014  lbs 

Candy 

India  (Bombay) ... . 

India  (Madras) 

Egypt 

Cuba 

1.0161  lbs. 

Mexico 

1.01465  lbs. 

Peru 

1.0143  lbs. 

Morocco 

Portugal 

1.011  lbs 

C(       '    _^ 

Syria  (Damascus) . 
Turkey 

Spain 

1.0144  lbs. 

4« 

Liter.'.  !!!!.■;; 

Urueuav 

1.0143  lbs. 

Cantaro    (can- 
tar)  

Malta 

Venezuela 

Metric 

1.0161  lbs. 
1.0567  quarts. 

Carga 

Catty 

Mexico,  Salvador: . 
China 

Livre  (lb.) 

Load 

Greece 

1.1  lbs. 

Guiana              .  . . 

1  0791  lbs 

Japan 

England  (timber) . . 

« 

Costa  Rica 

So.,    50    cu     ft  ; 

•  < 

Manzana 

unhewn,  40  cu. 
ft.;  inch  planks, 
600  superflc'l  ft. 

•*          ,  . 

Java, Slam, Malacca 
Sumatra 

Central  America. .  . 
Bremen,  Brunswick 

Darmstadt 

Denmark,  Norway. 
Nuremberg 

1.727  acres. 

Marc 

Bolivia 

0.507  lb. 

Maund 

Meter 

Mil 

India 

82  2-7  lbs. 

«• 

Metric 

39.37  inches. 

4< 

Denmark 

4.68  miles. 

•  • 

Mil 

Denmark  (geog'cal) 
Nicaragua  &  Hon- 
duras  

Greece 

4.61  miles 

•  • 

Sweden 

Milla 

«• 

Mna 

1.1493  miles 

•  •            *    •    '    ' 

Zollvereln 

Double  or  metric. . 
Russia 

3.3069  lbs.  av. 

•  • 

Morgen 

Ocque 

Oke 

Prussia 

0.63  acre. 

Chetvert 

Greece 

2.84  lbs.  av. 

Chih 

China 

Egypt 

2.8052  lbs. 

Cho 

2.84  lbs. 

England 

«* 

3.0817  lbs. 

Sarawak 

•• 

Turkey 

2.82838  lbs. 

Siam  (Koyan) 

Argentine  Republic 
Paraguay 

•* 

Hungary  and  Wal- 
lachla 

Cuadra 

Pic 

2.5  pints. 

*« 

2114  inches. 

•1 

Paraguay  (sq.) .... 
Uruguay 

Picul 

Borneo  &  Celebes . . 

China,     Japan,     & 

Sumatra 

135.64  lbs. 

«• 

Cubic  meter. . . 

Metric 

\33}A  lbs. 

Cwt.  (hundred- 

British  

135.1  lbs. 

weight)  

Pie...'.',!!!!!.' 

Philippine  Islands. . 
Argentine  Republic 

137.9  lbs. 

Russia 

0.9478  foot. 

besslatlne.  . . . 

0.91407  foot. 

Spain 

Pik 

Turkey 

27.9  inches. 

Drachme 

Greece 

Pood 

36.112  lbs. 

Fanega  .(dry) . . 

Central  America. . . 
Chill 

Pund  (lb.) 

Quarter 

Quintal'. !!!!!! 

Denmark  &  Sweden 

Great  Britain 

London  (coal) 

Argentine  Republic 
Brazil 

1.102  lbs. 
8  252  bu 

•• 

Cuba 

1.599  bu. 
1.54728  bu. 
Strike  fanega,  70 

lbs.;  full  fanega, 

118  lbs.' 
7.776  bu. 
3.888  bu. 
1.599  bu. 
16  gals. 
1.03  acres. 
50  lbs. 

36  bu 

•• 

101  42  lbs. 

** 

Morocco 

130  00  lbs. 

.« 

Uruguay  (double) . . 
Uruguay  (single) .  . 

Venezuela 

Spain 

Castile,  Chili,  Mex- 
ico and  Peru 

Greece 

Newfoundl'd  (flsb). 
Paraguay 

101.41  lbs. 
123.2  lbs. 

4« 

•  • 

Rottie'. !!!!!!! 

112  lbs. 
100  lbs. 

Fanega  (liquid) 

Syria 

125  lbs. 

Feddan 

Egypt 

Metric 

220.46  lbs. 

Frail  (raisins).. 

rSpain 

Palestine 

6  lbs. 

Wedding  Anniversaries. 


Ill 


FOREIGN  WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES — Continued. 


Denomina- 
tions. 


Rottle. 
Sack . . 


Sagene. 


Salm^ 
Se. 


Seer 

Shaku . . .  . 

She 

Standard 

trograd) . 
Stone.  .  .  . 
Suerte. . .  . 


Sun 

Tael 

Tan 

Tchetvert . 


(Pe- 


To.. 
Ton. 


Where  Used. 


Syria .  .  . 
England . 


Russia . 
Malta . , 
Japan. . 
India.  . 
Japan . . 


Lumber  measure. 

Brttlstl 

Uruguay 


Japan 

Cochin  China. 

Japan 

Russia 


Japau 

Space  measure . 


American 
Equivalents. 


55i  lbs. 

4  bu.;  of  flour,  It 

is  480  lbs. 
7  feet. 
490  lbs. 
0.02451  acre. 

1  lb.  13  ozs. 
11.9305  inches. 
1.6  quarts. 

165  cu.  ft. 

14  lbs. 

2,700   cuad. 
cuadra) . 

1.193  inches. 

590.75  grs.  (troy) 

0.25  acre. 

5.77  Imper.  bu., 
or  5.95  Win- 
chester bu. 

2  pecks. 
40  cu.  ft. 


(see 


Denomina- 
tions. 


Tonde  (cereals) 

Tond eland. .  . . 

Tonne 

Tsubo 

Tsun 

Tunna 

Tunnland 

Vara 


Vedro. . 
Vergees . 
Verst . . . 
Vlocka . 
Way .  .  . 


Where  Used. 


Decmiark. 


France. 
Japan. . 
China. . 
Sweden . 


Argentine  Republic 
Central  America. .  . 
Chili  and  Peru.  . .  . 

Cuba 

Curacao 

Mexico 

Paraguay 

Spain 

Venezuela 

Russia 

Isle  of  Jersey 

Russia.- 

Russian  Poland .  .  . 
Scotland  &  Ireland 


American 
Equivalents. 


3.94783    Winch'r 
bu. 

1.36  acres. 
2204.62  lbs.  av. 
6  ft.  sq. 
1.41  Inches. 
4.5  bu. 
1.22  acres. 
34.1208  inches. 
32.87  Inches. 
33.367  inches. 
33.384  inches. 
33.375  inches. 

33  Inches.     - 

34  inches. 
0.914117  yd. 
33.384  inches. 
2.707  gals. 
71.1  sq.  rods. 
0.663  mile. 
41.98  acres. 

5  quarters. 


BIRD    COUNT    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(By.  E.  W.  Nelson,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey,  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.) 
Early  In  the  summer  of  1914  the  Biological  Survey  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture 
took  initial  steps  toward  a  count  of  the  birds  of  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  approxi- 
mately the  number  and  relative  abundance  of  the  different  species.  This  preliminary  count  proved  t) 
be  so  satisfactory  that  the  Survey  repeated  it  on  a  larger  scale  in  1915  and  extended  it  over  a  still  greatef 
area  in  1916  and  1917.  The  results  obtained  in  1914  have  been  surprisingly  corroborated  by  those  of 
succeeding  years,  and  the  work  gives  promise  of  producing,  after  a  series  of  years,  results  that.  In  view  oi 
the  recognized  value  of  birds  to  agriculture,  cannot  fail  to  be  of  great  value.  It  has  been  ascertained  througii 
these  counts  that  birds  in  the  agricultural  districts  in  the  Northeastern  United  States  average  slightly 
more  than  a  pair  to  the  acre,  though  in  parts  of  the  arid  West  and  on  the  treeless  plains  this  number  dwindles 
to  an  average  of  lialf  a  pair,  or  even  less,  to  the  acre. 

By  far  the  most  abundant  birds  in  the  United  States  are  the  robin  and  the  English  sparrow,  but  several 
others  are  common  enough  to  make  their  total  numbers  run  well  into  the  millions.  _  The  counts  so  fa" 
show  that  the  most  abundant  bird  on  farms  in  the  Northeastern  States  is  the  robin;  next  to  this  Is  the 
English  sparrow,  and  following  these  are  the  catbird,  brown  thrasher,  house  wren,  kingbird,  and  bluebird, 
in  the  order  named.  The  densest  bird  population  anywhere  recorded  is  near  Washington,  D.  C,  where 
a  careful  count  showed,  in  1915,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  pairs  of  forty  species  on  five  acres.  Two  cit.v 
blocks,  well  furnished  with  trees,  in  the  city  of  Aiken,  S.  C,  harbored  sixty-five  pairs  on  ten  acres.  These 
high  figures  show  the  important  results  which  will  follow  from  careful  protection  and  encouragement  of  birds. 


WATER    DRAWN    FROM    CATUN    LAKE    BY    EVAPORATION. 

(From  the  Canal  Record.) 

Evaporation  from  the  surface  of  Gatun  Lake  In  March,  1918,  was  the  highest  recorded  since  the  fllUnn; 
of  the  lake — 8.475  inches,  over  an  area  of  165  square  miles.  The  aggregate  evaporated  water  amounted  to 
3,248,000,000  cubic  feet,  equivalent  to  1,213  cubic  feet  for  every  second,  day  and  night,  in  the  month.  The 
water  drawn  from  the  lake  by  evaporation  in  March  exceeded  slightly  that  used  in  operating  the  hydro- 
electric station  at  Gatun  Spillway.  The  draft  through  the  penstocks  for  rhe  hydroelectric  station  was  at 
the  rate  of  1,212  cubic  feet  per  second.  Had  the  water  which  the  sun  dreR  off  been  available  for  power  it 
could  have  produced  as  much  electricity  as  the  hydroelectric  station,  the  s»et  putput  for  which  In  March 
was  4,681,000  kilowatt-hours.  Approximately  740  cubic  feet  of  water  arb  used  for  each  kilowatt  at  the 
hydroelectric  station,  where  the  effective  head  is  approximately  75  feet.  Under  average  conditions  abou 
2H  times  as  much  water  is  used  by  the  hydroelectric  station  as  is  used  in  lockages.  The  water  lost  by  evapc 
ration  in  March  would  have  served  for  22  complete  lockages  each  day.  During  March  the  elevation  of  tli 
lake's  surface  was  lowered  from  86.26  to  85.20  feet  above  sea  level,  or  1  foot  and  7-10  of -an  inch.  It  hat 
been  calculated  that  had  there  been  no  useful  losses  of  water,  as  for  lockages,  production  of  electricity, 
municipal  uses,  &c.,  tne  surface  would  have  remained  practically  stationary;  that  is,  the  inflow  was  ju.st 
sufficient  to  equal  the  evaporation.  During  March  1.62  times  as  much  water  was  lost  by  evaporation  as 
flowed  in  through  the  Chagres  River,  as  measured  at  Albajuela.  During  the  dry  season  the  Chagres  fur- 
nishes about  60  per  cent  of  the  lake  inflow;  for  the  year  around  It  supplies  about  40  per  Cent.  Evaporatlo.i 
at  the  height  of  the  dry  season  is  much  higher  than  in  the  rainy  season.  For  the  entire  year  the  evaporation 
averages  around  740  cubic  feet  per  second.  Hydroelectric  consumption  averaged  1,284  cubic  feet  per  second 
In  the  calendar  year  1917.     The  total  evaporation  in  1917  was  61  inches. 

The  current  velocity  of  an  average  creek  or  small  river  in  hilly  or  rolling  country  Is  normally  two  or 
three  feet  a  second.  At  2H  feet  per  .second,  740  cubic  feet  per  second  would  be  the  discharge  of  a  stream 
as  wide  as  lower  Broadway  in  New  York  City  (approximately  80  feet,  including  the  sidewalks)  and  3.7  feet 
in  depth,  assuming  an  even,  flume-like  channel.  Evaporation  was  considered  in  calculations  for  the  for- 
mation of  the  laice,  and  although  the  loss  of  water  through  this  process  seems  enormous  there  is  yet  an  ample 
supply  for  the  needs  of  the  Canal. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  creation  of  an  Inland  body  of  water  the  size  of  Gatun  Lake  might  result 
in  a  slight  increase  In  precipitation,  especially  in  the  dry  season,  at  stations  on  the  leeward  side  of  the  lake. 
From  a  study  of  the  records  at  present  available,  the  conclusion  is  reached  that  the  creation  of  Gatun  Lake 
has  had  no  appreciable  effect  on  Isthmian  rainfall,  or  that  it  has  had  such  a  slight  effect  that  it  will  require 
a  much  longer  period  of  records  than  Is  at  present  available  to  disclose  even  slight  local  increases  In  precipita- 
tion resulting  from  the  Increase  In  atmospheric  humidity,  due  to  evaporation  from  the  .lake  siu-face. 


WEDDING    ANNIVERSARIES. 


First — Cotton. 
Second — Paper. 
Third — Leather. 
Fifth— Wooden. 


Seventh — Woolen . 
Tenth — Tin. 
Twelfth — Silk     and 
linen. 


fine 


Fifteenth — Crystal. 
Twentieth — China. 
Twenty-flfth — Silver. 
Thirtieth— Pearl. 


Fortieth — Ruby. 
Fiftieth — Golden. 
Seventy-flfth — Diamond. 


112 


Mortality  Among  Wild  Animals  in  Captivity. 


ZOOLOGICAL    GARDENS    OF    THE    WORLD. 

(By  W.  T.  Hornaday,  Director  New  York  Zoological  Gardens,  Bronx  Park.) 


The  dates  are  those  when  the  collections  were  founded. 


\frica — 

Algiers,  Jardln  d'essai  (Hamma) 
1904. 

Alexandria,  Nouzha  Garden,  1907 
3iza,   Cairo,    1891. 
Zagazig,   1911. 
Bloemfontein. 

Bulawayo,  North  Park,  1911. 
Durban,  Mitchell  Park, 
lohannesburg,  Eckstein  Park. 
Matopo,  S.  Rhodesia,  Rhodes  Park, 
,    1903. 
Pretoria,  Nat'l.  Zoological  Gardens 

1898. 
Khartoum,  1901. 
Merowe,  Dongola,  1901. 
5inga,  1907.     Branch  of  Glza. 
^mericB,    North — 

Toronto,  High  Park. 
Toronto,    Riverdale   Park,   about 

1900. 
I'^ancouver  Stanley  Park. 
United  States — 

Anaconda,  Mon.,  Washoe  Park. 
Atlanta,  Ga.,,  Grant  Park. 
fVubumdale,     Mass.,     Norumbega 

Park,  1898. 
Baltimore,   Md.,  Druid  Hill  Park, 
Boston,  Mass.,  Franklin  Park,  1912. 
Brooklyn,   Prospect  Park. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  The  Park,  1895. 
Butte,  Mon.,  The  Gardens. 
Cedar  Rapids,  la..  City  Park,  1908, 
C;incinnati.   1875. 
Chicago,   Tincoln  Park. 
Cleveland,   Wade  Park,   1893. 
Columbus,  Ohio,  Olantangy  Park, 
Davenport,  la.,  Flzerary  P'k.,  1910. 
Denver,  Col.,  City  Park. 
Des  Moines,  la.,  Grandview  Park. 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Belle  Isle  Park. 
Kansas  City,  Mo.,  Swoper  Pk.,  1908 
Lafayette,  Ind.,  1911. 
Lexington,  Mass.,  Lexington  Park, 

1903. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Eastlake  Park. 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  Overton  Pk.,  1908 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Wash.  Pk.,  1905. 
Minneapolis,  Longfellow  Gardens. 
Muncie,  Ind.,  1911.  ■ 

New  York,  Central  Park. 
New  York,  Zoological  Park  (Bronx 

Park),  1898. 
Dklahoma  City,  Okla.,  1908. 
Dmaha,  Neb.,  Rivervlew  Park. 
Philadelphia,  Fairmount  Pa.,  1859. 
Pittsburgh,    Pa.,    Highland  ■  Park 
Portland,  Ore.,  City  Park,  1899. 
Providence,  Roger  Williams  Park. 
Pueblo,  Col.,  City  Park. 
Reading,    Pa.,    1911. 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Seneca  Park. 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  Krug  Park. 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Forest  Park. 


St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Como  Park. 

Salt  Lake  City,  Liberty  Park. 

San  Francisco,  Golden  Gate  Park. 

Seattle,    Woodland   Park. 

Spokane,  Manito  Park. 

Springfield,  Mass.,  Forest  Park. 

Tacoma,    Point    Defiance    Park. 

Toledo,  Otway  Park,    1900: 

Troy,  N.  Y.,  Zoological  Park. 

Washington,  Nat'l  Zoological  Park. 

Wichita,    Kan.,   Riverside   Park. 

West  Indies- 
Barbados,  Government  Park. 

America,  South- — 
Buenos  Ayres,  1874. 

La  Plata,  in  Museum  Garden. 

Mendoza,   about   1908. 

Para,  Museu  Goeldi. 

Rio  de  Janeiro. 

San  Paolo,  near  Santos. 

Conception,    small    menagerie    in 
Quinta. 

Santiago,  Quinta  Normal. 

I/ima. 

Montevideo,  ViUa  Dolores. 

Asia — 

Afghanistan,  Jellalabad. 

Rangoon,  Victoria  Memorial,  1906. 

Canton,  1911. 

Peking,   1906. 

Szechuen,  Public  Park,  1909. 

Hanoi,  Tonkin,  Botanical  Gardens. 

Saigon,  Cochin-China. 

Bangalore,  about  1855. 

Baroda,  State  Garden. 

Bombay,   Victoria   Gardens,    1870. 

Burdwan,  Bengal. 

Calcutta,  1875. 

Jaipur,  1875,  kept  up  by  Maharaja. 

Jubbulpore. 

Karachi. 

Lahore. 

Madras,  1858. 

Mysore,  1892,  kept  up  by  Maharaja. 

Nagpore. 

Pershawer,  1909. 

Secunderabad,  Hyderabad. 

Trivandrum,     Travancore,      1859. 

Government. 

Kyota,  Okazaki  Park,   1903. 

Minomo,  Osaka,  1910,  Commercial. 

Osaka,  in  Museum  Grounds. 

Tokyo,  Uyeno  Park,  1881,  Imperial. 

Vladivostok. 

Australasia — 

Adelaide,    1879. 

Brisbane,  Yaronga  Park,  1912. 

Hobart,  Tasmania,  Beaumaris. 

Melbourne,  1857. 

Perth,  1898. 

Rockhampton,    Queensland    (Aus- 
tralian fauna). 

Sydney,    1879. 

Wellington,  New  Zealand,  1908. 


Europe — 

Cracow,  Park  Krakowski. 

bchonbrunn,  Vienna,  1752,  Im- 
perial  Menagerie.  ^ 

Antwerp,  1843. 

Birmingham,  botanical  and  menag- 
erie,  1910. 

Clifton,  Bristol,  1835. 

Halifax,  Yorks,  1909. 

London,  Regent's  Park,  1828. 

Manchester,  Belle  Vue,  1836. 

Southport,  Lancashire,  1906. 

Woburn,  Beds,  Duke  of  Bedford's. 

Dublin,    Phoenix   Park,    1830. 

Edinburgh,  1913. 

Cardiff,  Victoria  Park,  about  1903, 

Bulgaria,  Sofia. 

Copenhagen,  1859. 

Lyons,  Pare  de  la  Tete  d^p.vlSSTr 

Marseilles,   1855. 

Paris,  Jardin  des  Plantes,   1793. 

Toulouse,  in  Jardin  des  Plantes. 

Berlin,  1844. 

Breslau,  1865. 

Cologne,   1860. 

Dresden,  1861. 

Dusseldorf,  1874. 

Elberfeld,    1879. 

Frankfort-on-Main,    1858. 

Halle-on-Saal,  1901. 

Hamburg,  1863. 

Hamburg,  StelUngen,   1902. 

Hanover,  1863. 

Karlsrhue,  1864. 

Konlgsberg,   1896. 

Landau,  small  menagerie. 

Leipsic,   1876. 

Mulhausen,  1.  E.,  1868. 

Munich,   1910,  society. 

Munster,  1,  W.,  1868. 

Nuremberg,  1912. 

Posen,    1875. 

Stuttgart,  Doggenburg,  about  1907. 

Athens. 

Amsterdam,    1838. 

Hague,  1863. 

Hilversum. 

Rotterdam,  1857. 

Budapest,  reopened  1912. 

Rome,    1911. 

Lisbon,  Parque  des  Laranjeiras,  1883. 

Bucharest. 

Ascania   Nova,   Taurisches,   Govt. 

Helsingfors,   Finland,    1888. 

Kleft. 

Moscow,  1864. 

Riga,    1912. 

Petrograd. 

Warsaw,  Poland,   1911. 

Barcelona,   1892. 

Madrid,  1774. 

Skansen,  Stockholm,  1891. 

Basel,   1874. 

St.  Gallen,  Wildpark,  1892. 


MORTALITY    AMONG    WILD    ANIMALS    IN    CAPTIVITY. 

(From  the  1917  report  of  the  Philadelphia  Zoo.) 


Year 
Ending 
J^B.  26. 


1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 


Animals 

% 

Exhib- 

Deaths. 

Mor- 

ited. 

tality. 

1439 

373 

25.9 

1343 

350 

26.0 

1439 

275 

19.1 

1439 

269 

18.6 

1412 

249 

17.6 

Year 
Ending 
Feb.  26. 


1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


Animals 

% 

Exhib- 

Deaths. 

Mor- 

ited. 

tality. 

1467 

316 

21.5 

1513 

358 

23.6 

1511 

309 

20.4 

1543 

290 

18.7 

1614 

317 

21.5 

Year 
Ending 
Feb.  26. 


1916.... 
1917.... 
1918.... 
1918,p.r. 


AnlmaL"»i 
Exhib- 
ited. 


1630 
1798 
2019 
1837 


Deaths. 


381 
337 
451 
392 


Mor- 
tality. 


23.3 
18.1 
22.8 
21.3 


Some  wild  animals  are  so  fretful  that  captivity  in  zoological  gardens  shorten  their  lives  materially. 
This  is  true  of  foxes  and  monkeys.  The  latter  are  liable  to  diseases  of  the  respiratory  organs.  Turtles, 
elephants,  and  snakes  do  not  seem  to  suffer  from  captivity,  perhaps  because  they  are  so  wonderfully  inclined 
to  long  lives.  There  are  great  differences  in  the  longevity  of  various  kinds  of  fishes.  Change  of  climatic 
conditions  is  chiefly  responsible  in  many  cases. 


Altitudes   of  Places   in   New    York    State. 


113 


ALTITUDES     OF 


Places.  Feet. 

Addison 993 

Albion 540 

Alfred 1,659 

Amsterdam 277 

ArkvlUe 1,344 

Attica 998 

Auburn ,    768 

Aurora 418 

Avon 585 

Bainbridge 998 

Ballston 294 

Batavla 897 

Bath.  .  .  .' 1,105 

Bedford 291 

Berlin 804 

Bethel 505 

Binghamton 868 

Bloomingburg 754 

Boonville I,ra5 

Boston  Comers 738 

Boyd  Corn's  Res'volr    693 

Brewsters 445 

Brookfleld 1,315 

Buffalo 624 

Cairo 346 

Calllcoon 782 

Cambridge 471 

Camillas 469 

Canaan 869 

Canajoharie 307 

Canandaigwa 735 

Canastota 433 

Canisteo 1,134 

Canton 375 

Cape  Vincent 253 

Carmel 519 

CatsklU  Mt.  House.  .2,225 

Cayuga 421 

Cazenovia 1,404 

Chatham 461 

Chester 461 

Chili 564 

Chittenango 416 

ChittenaniTO  Falls.  .  .1,053 

Clifton  Springs 567 

Clinton 583 

Clyde 393 

Cobleskill 898 

Cochecton 749 

Columbia 1,104 

Cooperstown 1 ,250 

Copake 537 

Corfu 860 

Corinth •.  .  .     635 

Corning 945 

Cortland 1,122 

Cuba 1,541 

Cuyler 1,226 

Dannemora 1,356 

Dansville 1,025 

Delhi 1,363 


PLACES 

Places.  Feet. 

Depew 689 

Deposit ....1,010 

De  Ruyter 1,284 

Dryden 1,072 

Dunkirk 648 

EarlvlUe 1,122 

Ellenvllie 341 

Elmlra 865 

Fairoaks 639 

Fallsburg 1,225 

Favetteville 543 

Florida 406 

Fonda 299 

Fort  Hunter 295 

Fort  Niagara 263 

Fort  Plain 311 

Franklin 1,508 

Fredonia 765 

Fulton 355 

Genesee 1,525 

Geneseo 600 

Geneva 453 

Ghent 393 

Glens  Falls 343 

GloversvlUe 874 

Goshen 433 

Graycourt 434 

Groton  . 990 

Guilford 1,510 

Haynes  Corners 1.920 

Halcottville 1,399 

Hales  Eddy 981 

Hamburg 634 

Hamilton 920 

Hammond 345 

Hancock 927 

Herkimer 398 

Highland  Mills 482 

Hillsdale 671 

Homer 1,136 

Hoosick  Falls 425 

Hornellsville 1,161 

Horsehead 914 

Houghton 1,212 

Hunter 1,603 

Hurleyville 1,317 

Ilion 400 

Ithaca 389 

Jamestown 1,317 

Johnstown 659 

KaaterskHI 2,145 

Keene 529 

Kinderhook 318 

Lebanon 1,341 

Leroy 868 

Liberty 1,580 

Little  Britain 441 

Little  Falls 384 

Livingston  Manor. .  .1,432 

Lockport 614 

LowviUe 870 


IN      NEW     YORK     STATE. 


Places.  Feet. 

Lyons 404 

Macedon 469 

Madison  Barracks.. .    266 

Mahopac 641 

Malone 756 

Manlius 416 

Marcellus 672 

Marcy 587 

Meehanicstown 479 

Medina 543 

Mexico 393 

Middletown 564 

Millbrook 566 

Mlllerton 702 

Mohawk 397 

Moravia 726 

Mountalndale 1,018 

N^nuet 286 

Newark 430 

New  Berlin 1,088 

New  Lebanon 698 

New  Lisbon 1,234 

New  Milford 464 

New  Paltz 267 

Niagara  Falls 571 

Niles 1,623 

I^lneveh 1 ,027 

North  Creek 1,002 

North  ville 764 

Norwich 987 

Nunda 1,336 

Ogdensburg 348 

Olean 1,437 

Oneida 440 

Oneida  Castle 424 

Oneonta 1,083 

Oriskany 423 

Orleans 721 

Oswego 252 

Otisville 872 

Owego 822 

Oxford 542 

Palatine  Bridge 304 

Palenville 470 

Palmyra 444 

Parksville 1,686 

Paul  Smiths 1,729 

Penn  Yan 750 

Peru 355 

Phoenicia 801 

Pine  Island 408 

Portage 1,314 

Port  Byron 403 

Port  Crane 1,036 

Port  Gibson 431 

Port  Jervis 442 

Port  Leyden 900 

Potsdam 397 

Pulaski 395 

Purdys 629 

Ramapo 312 


NEW   YORK    STATE    MOUNTAIN   PEAKS. 


(C. — Catskills;  A. — Adirondacks.) 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Acra  Point  (C.) 3,085 

Allen  (A.) 4,345 

Andrew  (A.) 3,216 

Armstrong  (A.) 4,455 

Baldface  (A.) 3,903 

Bald ' 2,693 

Bald  Peak 3,007 

Balm  of  Gilead 2,450 

Balsam  (C.) : 3,601 

Barlow  Hill  (C  ) 2,651 

Bartlett  (A.) 3,715 

Basin  (A.) 4,825 

Bear  Den  (A.) 3,423 

Beaver  (A.) 2,906 

Bee  Line 3,300 

Bell  Air 3,394 

Berlin 2,804 

Big  Crow  (A.) 2,820 

Big  Range  (A.) 3,310 

Big  Slide  (A.).  . 4,256 

Big  WestkUl 3,896 

Black  Dune  (C.) 3,990 

Black  Head  (C.) 3,937 

Black  (A.) 2,725 


Mountains. 
Blue  Hills  (A.) . 


Blue  (A.) [ 

Blue  Ridge  (A.) 

Bluff  (A.) 

Boreas  (A.) 

Buckhorn  (A.) 

Bullhead  (A.) 

Burnt  Knob  (C.) . . . 
Camels  Hump  (A.)  . 
Cascade  (A.) .  .  .r.  . 

Cedar  (A.) 

Cheney  Cobble  (A.). 
Cherry  Ridge  (A.) . . 

Chimney  (A.) 

Clements  (A.) 

Golden  (A.) 

Colonel  Chair  (C.) . . 

Colvin  (A.) 

Cornell  (C.) 

County  Line  (A.) . . . 

Crane  (A.) 

Deep  Hollow  (C.) . . 
Delong  (C.) 


Feet. 
2,938 
3,762 
2,925 
2,673 
2,956 
3,815 
2,860 
3,455 
3,160 
3,548 
4,092 
2,532 
3,673 
2,578 
2,706 
2,540 
4,713 
3,165 
4,074 
3,681 
,3,105 
3,245 
3,500 
2,640 


Mountains. 

Devil  Ear  (A.) 

Dial  (A.) 

Oix  (A.) 

Doubletop  (C.)  .  . . 
Eagle  Eyrie  (A.) .  . 
E.  Jewett  Range  (C.) 

East  Kill  (C.) 

Eleventh  (A.) 

Emmons  (A.) 

Erebus  (A.) , 

Esther  (A.) 

Evergreen  (C.) 

Giant  (A.) 

Giants   of    the   Val 

ley  (A.) 

Ginseng  (C.) 

Goodnow  (A.) 

Gordan  HiU  (C.) 

Gore  (A.) 

Gothic  (A.) 

Graham , 

Gray  (A.) 

Halcott  Gap  (C.) .  .  , 
Halcott  (C.) , 


Feet. 
3,903 
4,023 
4,842 
3,875 
2,656 
3,166 
3,190 
3,303 
3,596 
2,533 
4,270 
3,024 
4,622 

4,530 
3,790 
2,693 
2,629 
3,595 
4,744 
3,866 
4,802 
2,726 
3,504 


Places.  Feet. 

Rochester 518 

Rome 445 

Rotterdam 262 

Roxbury 1,497 

Sacumdaga  Park. . . .    813 

Sacket  Harbor 26i^ 

Salamanca 1,400 

Salem 490 

Saranac 1 ,488 

Saratoga 276 

Savannah 409 

Schenectady 246 

Scio 1,459 

Scipio 1,204 

Seneca  Falls 463 

Shandaken 1,068 

Sharon 1 ,348 

Sidney 985 

Skanea  teles 873 

Smyrna 1,131 

Sodom 1,443 

Sodus 679 

Southfleld 493 

Spring  Valley 452 

Stamford  .  . '. 1,767 

Sterling 580 

Suffern 300 

Summitville 548 

Sylvan  Beach 275 

Syracuse 418 

Tanner 755 

Tannersville 1,862 

Ticonderoga 277 

Tioga 805 

Tonawanda 676 

Trenton 841 

Tuscarora 769 

Unadilla.. 1,015 

Union  Springs 419 

Utica 587 

Vails  Gate 285 

Vandalia 1,414 

Van  Ettinville 1,013 

Vernon 394 

Voorheesville 326 

Warsaw 1,326 

Warwick 504 

Waterloo 463 

Watertown 448 

Watklns 447 

Weedsport 426 

Wells 1,012 

Westfleld 706 

White  Plains 201 

Wilmington 1,019 

Winterton 598 

Worcester 1,306 

Wurtsboro 720 

V/yoming 965 

York 563 

Yorktown 439 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Hayden  (C.) 2,930 

Hayden  (A.) 2,740 

Haystack  (A.) 4,918 

Height  of  Land  (A.)  .3,060 
Helsinger  Noch  (C). 2,677 
High  Knob  (C.)  .  .  .  .2,654 

High  Peak  (C.) 3,660 

Hoffman 3,727 

Holcomb  (A.) 2,326 

Horseshoe  (A.) 2,848 

Humphrey  (A.) 2,925 

Hunter  (O 4,025 

HuiTicane  (A.) 3,687 

Indian  Head  (C.) .  .  .3,585 

Indian  Pass  (C.) 2,694 

Indian  Pass  (A.) 2,937 

Jo  (A.) 2,870 

Kimball  (C.) 3,960 

Knoblock  (A.) 3,184 

Leonard  Hill  (C.) .  .-2,649 

Lewey  Lake 3,903 

Lexington  (C.) 2,930 

Limekiln  (A.) 2,925 

Little  Crow  (A.) 2,697 


114 


Chief  Volcanic  Peaks  of-  the  World. 


ALTITUDES    OF 


PLACES   IN   NEW   YORK   STATE— Con^tnMed. 


Mountains. 

Peak  Ridge  (.- . 

Petersburg  Pass 2,075 

Pilot  Knob....  . 2,180 

Pine  Island  (C.) 3,086 

Plsgah  (C.).^ 2,885 

Pltchoff  (A.).  .  .  ....3,450 

Plaatersklll  (C.) 3,135 

Plateau  (C.) 3,855 

Porter  {A^ 4,070 

Prospect  Center.  .  .  .2,591 

Puffer  (A.). 3,480 

Ragged  (A.). 4.163 

Redfleld  (A.). 4,606 

Red  Rock  (A.) 2,490 

Rooster  Comb  (A.).. 2,795 
Round  Hill  (C.).... 2,629 

Round  (A.).  .  .  . 3,145 

Round  Top  (C.)...- 3,470 

Rush  (C.) 3,626 

YORK   STATE   LAKES, 

TnJcp<:   Etc                 Feel.\     Lakes.  Etc.  ,^iS(; 

^ckX•J'': 1.681  Clear  Pond 1.629 


Mountains.  Sffi 

Lockwood  Gap  (C.)  -3,446 

McComb  (A.) 4,425 

Mclntye  (A.) 5,11^ 

McMartln 5,000 

Macomb  (A.) 4,^7 1 

Marcy  (A.) 5.344 

Mink  (C.) 3,807 

Moose  (A.)...- 2,766 

Niagara  (A.). 3,000 

Nippletop  (A.) 4,620 

Newmdrk  (A.) 3,^52 

North  (C.) ...  ..^ 3,440 

North  River  (A.).. .  .3,890 

OnteoraCO.......  2,820 

Ouluska  Pass  (A.) . .  .3.08b 

Outlook  (C.) 3,150 

Overlook  (C.) .  . 3,150 

Panther  Kill  (C.)...  2,828 

Peakamoose  (C.) 3,87.") 

NEW 


Feet.  I     Mountains. 


Feet. 


(A.)  .  .  •  .4,375  Saddlebuck  (A.)  .  ••  -4,530 


Saddle  <A.) 4,536 

Sand  Pond  (A.) 3,040 

Santanonl  (A.) 4,644 

Sawteeth  (A.) 4,138 

Schoharie  (C.) 3,650 

Schoon  (A.).....  ■•■3.200 
Sentinel  (A.)  ■■'■•■  ■S.fSS 

Seward,  (A.)    4,384 

Seymour  (A.) i-?.i^ 

Sister  Knob  (C.) ...  ■3,002 
Skylight  (A^).- ■••••4.920 
Sleeping  Beauty  (A.)  .3,249 
Slide  (A.) 2,890 

Slide  (C.) ::\a-1^7 

South  Mclntyre  (A.)  .4,937 

South  Pond  (A.) 3,332 

Speculator  (A.) 3,041 

Spotted  (A.) 3,480 

SPRINGS.   AND  WATERFALLS 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Spruce  Top  (C.) 3,567 

Stony  (C  )..■..■■  ■■3,844 

Stoppel  (C) 3,435 

Sugarloaf  (C.) 3,782 

table  (C). 3.865 

Tabletop  (A.) 4.440 

Tavlor     4,5u0 

ThbmasCole  (C.)...3,935 

Trypod  (A.) 3.340 

Twin  (C.) 3,647 

Vanderwhacker  (A  )  3.385 
Vlaye  or  Fly  (C.) .  .  -3,531 
Waliface  (A-) 3,893 


Wellington  (A^--.  •3.458 
West  Jewett  (C.).. .  .3,025 
Whiteface  (A.) ....  .  -4,872 
Windham  High  (C) -3,506 

Wolf  Janis  (A.) 4,225 

Wolf  Pond  (A.) 3.473 


A.mpersind 2,079 

Averlanche ?'XX^ 

Babcock ■•■••}'Si2 

Balfour 1.786 

Bartlett 1.200 

Beach 1.914 

Bgar 1,547 

Beaver  Meadow.  .  .  .2,194 

Beaver. 1.574 

Bennett's 1.985 

Big  Bad  Luck 1.690 

Bigsby 1.562 

Blssell 2,090 

Blue  Mountain l,8.i<i 

Bog..>. 1.755 

Boreas 1>„,'- 

Botheratlon 2.01o 

Brant „  801 

Buck 2.029 

Bullhead..... 1.872 

Cascade 2.039 

Cassadaga 'A',^^ 

CataldU 2,140 

Cayuga ^7S 

Cayuta 1.272 

Cedar 2.5o0 

Chain  Lakes 1.598 

Chain  Ponds 1.736 

Champlain 96 

Chappel 1.602 

Charley  Lake 1.692 

Charley  Pond 1.777 

Chautauqua i-iki 

Cheney 1.720 

China 770 


Clear  Lake'. '. '. ". '.  "•  '•  '•  ■.2,006lJackson. 


Cod   1.524 

Colden 2.764 

Colvin 1.991 

Como 1.306 

Corner 1.610 

Cranberry 1 .690 

grnnp                   1.09  1 
roSked.":: 2.022 

Croton 25J 

Crlstal 1.663 

Dryden l.ij^ 

Dank l.j>46 

Elk 2.053 

Featherstone.  ..,■■■  -1.322 

Fern      1.17s 

Pfrst 2.289 

Fish     2.149 

Fleming 1.004 

Frank 1.694 

George ^^g 

Gilman T'o?? 

Goodnow hno-r 

Greasy 2.0d7 

Gull 2,019 

Harrington 1.779 

Harris 1.552 

Henderson J'?2x 

Hewitt ■J'^S; 

Hitching i-    .I'lSS 

Honey "="--l'^to 

Horseshoe hLxi 

Hour 2,096 

Huntley {.575 

Indian 1.705 

Jabe 1.^65 


..1,607 


Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Kuskaqua 1.746 

Lewey }-l^° 

Lila 1.836 

Lincoln , 1.050 

Little  Bad  Luck. .  . .  1.651 
Little  Tupper ...... .1.529 

Lonelake .•••i'5J,n 

Long  Pond  (Ren.)..  .1,499 
Long  Pond   (Adlr.) .  .  1.960 

Loon  (Adir.) 866 

Loon  (Frank.) 1.774 

Lost       .  - l./oi 

Lower  Ausable 1,961 

Lower  Saranac 1-527 

Mahopac 660 

Manaville 1.298 

Mason ]''.^i 

Mill  Creek 1,457 

Mink - 1.670 

Mohonk 1.245 

Moos,e  Lake 2,2^9 

Moose  Pond 2,080 

Morse 4.312 

Mud  Lake 1.747 

Mud  Pond 1.596 

Nate 2.010 

Newcomb ■  ,•,•  1.734 

Niagara  (height  falls)  .164 

Nichols 1.400 

Oneida ■•••     370 

Onondaga ^o^ 

Oscawana 545 

Otisco 784 

Otter  Lake 1.565 

Otter  Pond..  .......  1.630 

Oven 2,0^5 

Owasco 


Lakes,  Etc.  feet. 

Perch 1.775 

Pine 1.592 

PlneMt 1.644 

Placid. 1.864 

Pleasant 1.706 

Puffer 2.083 

Rainbow }.73d 

Rice 1.547 

Rich 1.564 

Rogers 1.284 

Round 1.880 

Salmon 1.756 

Sandford 1.722 

Sand 3.040 

Saranac. .. .  ■ 1.557 

Scott  (Adlr.).  .  . 3.168 

Scroon 807 

Seneca 445 

Siamese ,'Ao3 

Silver 1.933 

Smith 1.726 

South 2,322 

Stony, 1.536 

Summit 7,745 

Taylor i.o/i 

Tear  of  the  Clouds.  4.327 
Thirteenth  Lake.  . . .  1.614 
Thirteenth  Pond. . .  .  1.9m 

Thumb 1.677 

Trout  Brook 1.040 

Trout  Pond 1.809 

?X'':::::::::::-2;oi9 

Upper  Ausable 1,993 

Upp-er  Preston 2.170 

uii>  White 1,428 

706' Whortleberry  Pond- .  1,700 


THE  HIMALAYAS. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Mount  Everest •  -  -  -29,002 

Godwin-Austen  (K2  or  Dap- 

sang) 2o  ,2  /  o 

Klnchinjinga of'von 

Makalu.. 27,790 

Dhawalagirl oc'koq 

Nanga-Parbat it'^in 

Nandadevi   25,700 

Chumalhari 23,944 

T'ri.siil  23,400 

DunagW."..: 23,200 

VOLCANIC 


ALTITUDES    IN    ASIA. 

Kedarnath oo'?no 

p-^f^chuii ■ ::::i;?gg 

Nan'da  Kot"  '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .  . 22 ,600 

Badarluath ■■ Il'soo 

Dhaoltdhar  (White  Mt.) '. '.'.  17 '.000 
There  are  several  hundred  peaK:- 
in  the  Himalayas  20.000  feet  or 
over  in  altitude.  The  Himalayan 
range  is  in  places  500  miles  wide, 
as  against  a  width  of  50  to  7o  miles 
in  the  Alps. 


OTHER  ASIAN  PEAKS. 
Mountains  and  Country.  Fea. 

Tlratch-Mir,  Afghanistan-.  ■  -25,400 

Ulug  Mustagh,  Tibet 25,300 

Tengri  Khan,  China sf'Ann 

Aling  Gungri,  Tibet 24,000 

Kinting-Shan,  China l°'95x 

Koh-1-Dena,  Persia ll'VXrt 

Hong-Shan,  China    . 16,400 

Kliutchev,  Kamtchatka- . .  -  .  15.750 
Bielukha  ("White").  Siberia.  14,800 

Kinabalu,  Borneo. ..  ■  ■ }5'690 

Mount.  Morrison,  Formosa.  .13,595 


CHIEF 

Peak  and  Country.  AlHtude 

Bahama,  Bolivia SA'VSn 

Pomarape,  Chile 20,500 

Cotopaxl,  Ecuador 4Sonn 

Arequipa,  Peru 19,200 

Demavena,  Persia JS'VVx 

Popocatepetl,  Mexico \i-^%^. 

Sangay,  Ecuador 17,124 

Ararat,  Persia. M'^^H. 

Mauna  Loa,  Hawau. 13.675 

Santa  Maria,  Guatemala 12.500 

Fuego,  Guatemala 12,600 


PEAKS    OF    THE 

Peak  and  Country.  ^'fi'lon 

Fujiyama,  Japan.     Jo'^as 

Erebus,  South  Pacific \l'9&?, 

Semeru,  Java ^-  ■ :  ■  ■  i''.*^"" 

Kirungu-Cha-Gungo.  Central 

Africa 11-300 

Irazu,  Costa  Rica.  .  , ti'Sno 

Turri  Alba,  Costa  Rica JR-gS5 

Terror,  South  Pacific Jx'^lt 

Etna,  Italy 10.755 

Ontake,  Japan. .  .\ i^'r^nn 

Tateyama.  Japan lo.ooo 


WORLD. 

Peak  and  Country.  ^'"'^<Jfi 

Ruapehu,  New  Zealand 9,008 

Hualalal,  Hawaii 8,275 

Cosegulna,  Nicaragua 5,830 

Aso-San,  Japan   •  •  •  •  •  l^-  •  •  •  o-""" 

La  Pelee,  Martinique,  W.  I..  5,200 

Hecla,  Iceland 5,1  lu 

Kilauea,  Hawaii 4,400 

Vesuvius,  Italy ■  •  •  ■■  ■  4,300 

Soufriere,  St.  V  ncent,  W.  I.  4,050 
Stromboll,  Mediterranean  Isle  3,040 

SkapUr  Jokul,  Iceland 2,79U 


Altitudes  in  the  United  Staies. 


115 


ALTITUDES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

ALABAMA. 


Places. 

Anniston 

Birmingham.. 

Boaz 

Carlisle 

Cedar  Bluff . . 
DavlsvlUe.. . . 

Delta 

Fort  MltcheU. 


Feet. 
.  673 
.  598 
.1,059 
.X,056 
.  598 
.  753 
.1,065 
.    307 


Places.  Feet. 

Fort  Payne 879 

Gadsden 524 

Huntsville 617 

Montgomery 162 

Rock  City 1,724 

Selma 126 

Talladega 554 

Tuscaloosa 177 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Alpine 1,551 

Bald  Rock 1,601 

Branden 1,607 

Calraba 1,551 

Chandler 1,560 

Chimney ..1,778 

Coldwater 1,749 

Horn 1,919 


Places. 
Demotte  Park . 

Flagstaff 

Fort  Defiance. 
Fort  Thomas. . 

Gila  City 

Phoenix 

Prescott 

Tucson 


Mountains. 
Baker  Butte. . 
Bill  Williams. 


Places. 
Arkadelphla. . . 
Arkansas  City. 
ClarksviUe .  .  . . 

Dallas 

FayetteviUe . . . 

Fort  Smith 

Garland 

Hot  Springs. . . 


Feet. 
9,000 
6,886 
6,862 
2.685 
168 
1,082 
5,320 
2,387 

Feet 

8.182 
9.264 


Feet. 
.  191 
.  247 
.  363 
.1,100 
.1,342 
.  446 
.  233 
.     700 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Carlso 9,280 

Colorado  Plateau...  8,000 

Escudilla 10,69 1 

Graham.. 10,516 

Greens 10.115 

Hualpai 8,266 

Humphrey 12,562 

Kaibab  Plateau 8,000 

Mazatzal 8,065 

Ord 10,266 

Pastora 9,420 

Railroad  Pass 4,391 


ARIZONA. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

San  Francisco 12,794 

Signal 9,330 

Sunset  Gap 5,755 

Thomas 11,496 


8.825 


Feet. 
8,065 


Places.  Feet. 

Pine  Bluff 228 

St.  Louis  Landing. . .  168 
Texarkana 303 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Black  Fork 2.650 

Buck  Knob 2,350 

Chincapin  Knob 2,100 

Dry  Creek 2,000 


Washington  Pass. 

Lakes,  Ponds, 
Falls,  Springs. 

Antelope  Springs. 

Blue 7,796 

Cave 6,031 

Coyote 6,874 

ARKANSAS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Fourche 2,800 

Huckleberry 2,000 

Iron  Fork 2,250 

Magazine 2,800 

Mulberry  Knob 2,150 

Ouachita  Pinnacle..  .2,000 

Petit  Jean 2,600 

Potato  Hill 2,200 


CALIFORNIA. 


Places. 

Berkeley 

Bodie 

Fleming 

Fordice  Dam 

Fort  BJdwell 

Fort  Jones 

Fort  Tejan 

Hermit  Valley 

Los  Angeles 

Mlss'n  Ind.  Res'va'n 
Mt.  Lowe  Observ'y . 

Nevada  City 

Paloma 

Pasadena 

Pomona 

Riverside 

San  Bernardino. . .  . 
San  Fernando  Pass . 

San  Gabrielle 

San  Jacinto 

Sierra  Valley 

Strong  Canyon .... 
Tehachapi  Pass. . . . 

Truckee 

Tuclumine  Grove .  . 
Yosemite  Valley .  . . 


Feet: 

185 

8,248 

8,745 

6,500 

4,740 

2,732 

3,245 

7,039 

338 

3,836 

3,500 

3,520 

879 

827 

861 

997 

1,073 

1,034 

406 

1,562 

4,910 

6,318 

3,832 

5,820 

5,794 

4,050 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Antelope 10,200 

Arnot 10,036 

Bald 8,295 

Bidwell 8,551 

Black  Crater 8,650 

Breccia  Pass 10,150 

Brewer 13,886 

Buena  Vista 9,777 

Burst  Rock 9,157 

Carsen  Canyon ....   6,596 

Castle  Peak 12,500 

Clark  Peak 11,295 

Conners 1:!,553 

Corcoran 14,093 

Dana 12,992 

Dick's  Peak 10,015 

Disaster 10,022 

Dunderberg  Peak.  .12,320 

Echo 11,231 

El  Capitan 7,630 

Elephant 10,418 

Fish  Valley 10,543 

Fisherman 14,448 

Freel 10,900 

Glass 11,127 

Granite  Dome 10,300 

COLORADO 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Grizzly 11,723 

Highland 10,955 

Holtman  {.Sler.  N.) .  10,921 

Job's  Sister 10,820 

Kaweah 14,000 

Lassen 10,437 

Lava  Butte 9,329 

Leavltt 11,575 

Lost  Canyon 11,068 

Lyell 13,042 

McBride 13,441 

McGill T...   9,314 

Meadow 11,734 

Merced 11,413 

Mono  Pass 10,765 

Olancha 12,250 

Piute 10,489 

Pyramid 10,020 

Raymond 10,075 

Red  Slate 13,400 

Relief 10,788 

Round  Top 10.430 

San  Bernardo 11,600 

San  Jacinto 10,987 

Shasta 14,380 

Shastlna 12,433 


Places. 
Alpine  Tunnel. . 

Aspen 

Augusta 

Baker  Mine . . . . 

Boulder 

Canyon  City .  . . 
Colorado  City . . 

Comanche 

Como 

Crane  Park .  .  .  . 

Dayton 

Denver 

Dillon 

Elk  Park 

Fort  Collins 

Fort  Crawford.. 
Fort  Morgan . . . 
]?remont  Butte. 
Garland  Fort. . . 
Georgetown . . . . 

Greeley 

Griffith 

Gunnison 


Feet. 
.11,608 
.  7,935 
.12,615 
.11,956 
.  5,347 
.  6,329 
.  4,046 
.11,929 
.  9,787 
.10,184 
.  9,441 
.  5,183 
.  8,859 
.  8,868 
.  4,984 
.  6,168 
.  4,319 
.  4.288 
.  7,996 
.  8.594 
.  4,649 
.11.273 
.  7.660 


Places.  Feet. 

Lake  House   (slope 

of  Pike's  Peak)...  10,108 

Leadville 10,197 

Lyon  Fort 3,910 

Manitou 6,426 

Mesa  Verde 8,500 

Ophlr 9,221 

Ouray 7.706 

Pueblo 4,690 

Ralston  Butte 10,953 

Raynolds  Fort 4.300 

Reno 5,221 

San  Bernardo 11,845 

Sllverton 9,285 

Telluride 8,741 

Trinidad 5,990 

Union  Park 9,655 

White  River  Agency  6,491 
Yuma 4,138 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Altar 13,254 

Antelope  Pass 8,050 

Antero 14.246 


Mountains,  Feet. 

Arapahoe 13,520 

Argentine  Pass. . . .  13,286 

Arkansas 13,807 

AxteU 12,012 

Bald 13,974 

Baldy 14,176 

Bear  Creek  Pass . . .  12,600 

Blaine 14,249 

Blanca 14,390 

Boulder  Pass 11,670 

Boulder 12,417 

Breckeuridge  Pass  ..11 ,503 

Buckeye 12,873 

Buckskin 14,296 

Buffalo 13,541 

Byers 12,778 

Calico 12,056 

Comby 13,466 

Capitol 13,997 

Carbon 12,000 

Castle 14,259 

Chama 12,248 

Clay 13,167 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Laurel 1,576 

Oakey 1,960 

Oak 1,790 

Pulpit  Rock 2,018 

Scraper 1,744 

Tiirkey  Heaven 1.618 

Weisner 1,928 


Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Dear 5,981 

Hapakavate 6,840 

Iron 6,032 

Lau 6.870 

Mineral 6,670 

Oak 6,359 

Parai 6,896 

Peach  Orchard 6,272 

Rock 6.849 

Silver 6,169 

Summit 7,867 

Truxton 3,885 

Mottntains.  Feet. 

Poteau 2,550 

Raspberry  Knob. . .  .2,100 

Reeves  Knob 2,050 

Rich 2,650 

Round 2,450 

Shutln ■.  .2,200 

Walker 2,150 

White  Oak 2,250 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Silver 10,934 

Snow 10,933 

Sonora 11,429 

Stanislaus 11,202 

Stevens 10,011 

Stevens  Peak 10,100 

Sunday 11,089 

Sweetwater 11,778 

Tower 11,704 

Warren 12,270 

Washington 10,802 

Wancoba 11,267 

White  Cliff 10,800 

Whitney 14,898 

Wood's 10,552 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Alkali 4,600 

Emmergrants 8,708 

Grass 8,564 

Harden 7,575 

Kennedy. 7,520 

Little  Klamath.  .. .  4,175 

Mono 6,730 

Tahoe 6,225 

Warm  Springs 7,385 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Conejas 13,183 

Crested  Butte 12,172 

Crestone 14,233 

Culebra 14,069 

Cunningham  Pass. .  12.090 

Dallas  Divide 8,974 

Daly 13,193 

Del  Norte 13,084 

Dunn 13,502 

Elbert 14,421 

Engineer 13,190 

Evans 14.330 

Iremont  Pass 11,313 

French  Pass 12,044 

Frustum 13,893 

Galena 13.290 

Garfield...... 12.136 

Gibson 13,729 

Gilpin 13,682 

Glacier 14,243 

Glacier  Peak 12,664 

Grand  Mesa 10,000 

Gray's 14,341 


116 


Altitudes  in   the    United  States — Continued. 


COLORADO — Continued. 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Grizzly 13,956 

Gunnison 12,688 

Guyot 13,565 

Hague 13,832 

Hamilton  Pass 12,370 

Hancock  Pass 12,263 

Handles 14.008 

Harvard 14,375 

Hesperus 13,135 

Holy  Cross. 14,006 

Homestake  Pass.  .  .13,227 

Hoosier  Pass 11,627 

Horseshoe. . . : 13,912 

Hunchback 13,755 

Hunt .  .14.055 

Hurricane /. . . .  13,565 

Jacque 13,215 

James 13,283 

Jones 13,851 

Kendall 13,480 

Kit  Carson 14,100 

Laplata 14,342 

EiUie 14,433 

Lincoln .  .14,297 

Long's  Canyon.  .  .  .   8,402 

Long's 14,271 

Lookout 13.674 


Places.  Feet. 

Abington 509 

Andover 340 

Avon 199 

Beacon  Falls 136 

Berlin: 65 

Boardman  Bridge. . .  226 

BranchvlUe 442 

Bristol 335 

Brookfleld 285 

Burnside 68 

Chapinvllle 741 

Colebrook 1,000 

Colchester 370 

Coilinsvilie 317 

Cornwall  Bridge ....  437 

Danbury 371 

Danlelsonvllle 326 


Places.  Feet. 

Carrcroft 221 

Center 263 

Cheswold 42 

Clayton 45 

Concord 154 


Places.  Feet. 

Fort  Mason 66 

Fort  Meade 130 

Fort  Ogden 37 

Fort  White 63 


Places.  Feet. 

Athens 705 

Atlanta 1,033 

Augusta 143 

Brunswick 14 

Columbus 260 

Decatur 1,019 

GainesvUIe 1,227 

Macon 334 

Marietta 1,138 

Rome 611 


Mountains.  Feet. 

McClelland 13,423 

Macomb 13,154 

Manltou 8,464 

Maroon 14,003 

Marshall  Pass 10,841 

Massive 14.424 

Meig's 13;394 

Mesqulte  Pass 13,308 

Mineral  Point 12.541 

Mosquito  Pass 13,188 

Mosquito 13,974 

North  Italian 13,225 

Oso 13,640 

Ouray 13,956 

Owen 13.102 

Park  View .12,433 

Parry 13.133 

Pearl 13,484 

Pi'dgeon 13,928 

Pike's  Peak 14,108 

Pilot  Knob .  .13,750 

Pintado ; 13,176 

Pole  Creek 13,400 

Potosl 13,763 

Powell 13,398 

Princeton 14. 196 

Ptarmigan 13,746 


Mountains.  Feet. 

P.vramld 13,885 

Quandary 14.266 

Raton  Pass 7,893 

Red  Cloud 14,092 

Rio  Grande  Pyr'd. .  13,773 

Rolling 13,694 

Rosalie 14,340 

Rowter 13,750 

San  Francisco  Pass .    8,560 

San  Luis 14,100 

Shavano 14,239 

Sherman 14.048 

Silesta  Butte 13,699 

Silverheels 13,855 

Simpson 14,055 

Sneels 14,158 

South  Park 10.000 

Spanish 13,620 

Star 13,562 

Stewart 14,032 

Summit 13,323 

Taylor 13,419 

Teocalll 13,220 

Tetons 14,198 

Thunder  Butte.  ..  .   9,779 

Tilton 12,633 

Torrey 14,336 


CONNECTICUT. 


Places.  Feet. 

Farmlngton 238 

Georgetown 310 

Hartford 38 

Kent 395 

Lebanon 270 

Litchfield 509 

Mansfield 323 

Middletown 37 

]^Jaugatuck 192 

New  Canaan 338 

New  Haven  (E.  Rock)  350 

Norfolk 1,240 

Pomfret 380 

Putnam 288 

Redding 410 

Roxbury 316 

Storr's 640 


Places.  P'eet. 

Terry  ville 577 

Torrington 593 

Washington 478 

Waterbury 300 

Wethersfield 38 

Winsted 724 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Above  AU 1,456 

Bald  Hill 1,300 

BaU 1.760 

Bear 2,355 

Bradford 1,927 

Bromica 1,380 

Canaan 1,680 

Cream 1,503 

Dutton 1.620 

Ellsworth 1,580 


DELAWARE. 


Places.  Feet. 

Delmar 54 

Dover 40 

Dupont 282 

Felton 63 

Georgetown 54 


Places.  Feet. 

Harrington 61 

Harvey 191 

Middletown 65 

Milford 16 

Newark 112 


FLORIDA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Gainesville 185 

Jasper 155 

Key  West 22 

Klssimmee 63 


Places.  Feet. 

Lake  City  Junction.. . .   51 

Lakeland 206 

Ocala 98 

Paradise 192 


GEORGIA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Savannah 32 

Thomas  vllle 250 

Valdosta 220 

Waco 1,325 

Waycross 138 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Adam  Knob 3,588 

Bear  Den 4,072 

Bell  Knob 3,457 

Big  Bald 4,018 


Mountains.  Feet: 

Blood 4,466 

Burnt 3.251 

Cowpen 4,165 

Dome 4,042 

Enota 4,798 

Fodder  Bald 4,82 1 

Frozen  Knob 3,489 

Grassy 3,615 

Licklog 3,432 

Little  Bald 4,055 


IDAHO. 


Places.  Feet. 

Boise 2,880 

Fort  Sherman 2,106 

Galena 7,294 

Mormon  Salt  Works  6,589 

Paris 6,018 

Pleasant  Valley 6,499 

Pocatello 4,471 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Black  Pine 9,386 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Bloomington 9,354 

Cache 10,451 

Caribou 9,854 

Castle  Rock 9,610 

East  Malade 9,332 

Garfield 9,704 

Hyndman 12,078 

Lone  Cone 9,246 

Meade 10,541 


Mountains.  Feet. 

North  Soda 9,413 

Oxford 9,386 

Paris  9  522 

Pisgaii'  (or  Caribou)  9!695 

Preuss 9,979 

Sawtelle 10,013 

Sedgwick 9,207 

Sherman 9,572 

Snow 9.269 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Trinchera 13,546 

Uncompahgre 14,289 

Velie 13,456 

Vermillion 13,870 

Wasatch 13,551 

West  Spanish 13,623 

Wetterhorn 14,069 

Whale 13,104 

White  Rock 13,532 

Wilson 14,280 

Wood 13,640 

Yale 14,187 

Yellow  Jacket  Pass .  7,493 
YeUow 13,618 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet, 

Brennan 10,325 

Chicago 11,500 

Farnham 11,248 

Hot 9,009 

Moraine 10,268 

Mayo 10,174 

San  Cristobal 9,000 

San  Miguel 9,720 

Trout 9,700 

Twin 9,013 

Twin  Sisters 13,438 

Wilder 10,195 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Gridley 2,200 

Ivy 1,640 

Lion's  Head 1,760 

Mohawk 1,570 

Pisgah 1,460 

Pine 1,560 

Pond 1,425 

Riga 2,000 

Titus 1,500 

Tom 1,325 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Bail  Pond 778 

Bantam 896 

Long  Meadow 895 

Nichols 757 

Spectacle 1,125 

Twin 734 

Places.  Feet. 

Odessa 52 

Porter 83 

Smyrna 40 

Wilmington 132 

Wyoming 41 

Places.  Feet. 

Pensacola 30 

Suwanee 152 

Tallahassee 183 


Mountains.  Feet. 

'Mona 5,039 

Potato  Patch 3,600 

Rock 3,505 

Sitting  Bull 5,046 

Tallulah 3,172 

Tray 4,389 

Yonah 3,025 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Dry 1,032 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Soda 9,683 

Sohon  Pass '  5,100 

West  Malade 9,220 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Coeur  d'Alene 2,150 

Haley  Hot  Springs. .   5,419 

Henry 6,443 

Punch  Bowl 6,011 

Upper  Hot  Springs .  6,286 


Altitudes  in   the    United   States — Continued. 


117 


ILLINOIS. 


Places.  Feet. 

Alton 436 

Batavia 719 

Belleville 527 

Bloomington . .  855 

Blue  Island 603 

Cairo-. 379 

Champaign 740 

Cliicago 631 

Chillicothe 515 

Clifton 668 

Danville 605 


Places.  Feet 

Angola 1,060 

Ashland 1,090 

Crete.: 1,181 

Decatur 803 

Elkhart 757 

Evansville 400 

Fort  Wayne 788 

Goshen...: 796 

GreencSstle 827 


Places.  Feet.] 

Burlington 542 

Calumet 1,430 

Council  Bluffs 1,033 

Davenport 590 

Des  Moines 799 

Dubuque 619 

Fort  Atkinson 1,022 


Placts.  Feet. 

Abilene 1,154 

Astor 3,753 

Burlingame 1,049 

Chanute -940 

Concordia 1,361 

Crosby 4,440 

Emporia 1,134 

Enterprise 1,144 

Eureka 1,093 

Fort  Riley 1,064 

Fort  Scott 803 


Places.  Feet 

Bowling  Green 468 

Danville 955 

Fort  Jefferson 322 

Frankfort 560 

Gethsemane.  .T 458 


Places.  Feet. 

Alexandria 77 

Baton  Rouge 35 

Bee  Bayou 88 

Choctaw  Bayou 23 


Places.  Feet. 

Auburn 183 

Augusta 47 

Bangor 28 

Blddeford 72 

Brewer 41 

Brunswick 63 

Bueksport '.  12 

Buxton 275 

Cornish 296 

Farmington 367 

Gardiner 22 

Houlton 450 


Places.  Feet. 

Decatur 678 

DeKalb ■ 886 

Delavan 602 

East  St.  Louis 418 

Elgin 716 

Elkhart 595 

Evanston 603 

Fort  Sheridan 693 

Galena 606 

Galesburg 756 

Joliet 640 


Places.  Feet. 

Kankakee 638 

Mattoon 726 

M  ollne 674 

Mound  City S23 

North  Chicago 690 

North  Evanston ....  608 

Oak  P.ark 630 

Pekin 480 

Peoria 459 

Peru 462 

Quincy 491 


INDIANA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Greensburg 941 

Hammond 591 

Indianapolis 739 

Jeffersonville 454 

Kokomo 821 

Lafayette 583 

Laporte 810 

Logansport 724 

Marion 812 


Places.  Feet. 

Muncle 950 

New  Castle 997 

Peru 649 

Richmond 971 

Shelby  ville 768 

Terre  Haute 485 

Tipton 872 

Valparaiso 814 

Vincennes 431 


IOWA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Fort  Dodge 1,032 

Fort  Madison 536 

Iowa  City 671 

Keokuk 605 

Mason  City 1.132 

Muscatine .  '. 544 

Nebraska  City 1,020 


Places.  Feet. 

Oscaloosa 833 

Sioux  City 1.103 

Waneta 1,562 

Waterloo 841 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Sargents  Bluff 1,091 

Tara 1,126 


KANSAS. 


Places.  ,      Feel. 

Galena 870 

Hutchinson 1,533 

lola 971 

Kansas  City 760 

Lawrence 828 

Lawreneeburg 1,325 

Leavenworth 786 

Newton 1,456 

Osage.  . 1,084 

Osawatomie 853 

Ottawa 891 


Places.  Feet. 

Parsons 898 

Salina 1,224 

Scott 2,971 

Wichita 1,302 

Wlnfleld 1,123 

Winona 3,322 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Blue  Hill.  Ellis  Co. .  .2,120 

Cedar  Bluffs 2,546 

Hog  Back 2,060 

Round  Mound 2,340 


Places.  Feet. 

Rockford 724 

Rock  l.sland 670 

Shelby  ville 601 

Springfield 592 

Streator 625 

Urbana 72.5 

Wadham 1,023 

Warren 1,010 

Waukegan 596 

hakes,  Etc.  FeU. 

River  Falls 885 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Collett  Hill 1,032 

Jackson  Hill 1,069 

Snow  Hill 1,174 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Sparta 894 

Sulphur  Springs 1,053 

Turkey 860 

Twin 807 


Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Cedar  Fails 854 

Cedar  Rapids 733 

Clear 1,241 

East  Okovoji 1,397 

Rock  Rapids 1,349 

iSpirlts 1,414 

Staub 1,440 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Conway 1,358 

Cottonwood  Falls. ..  1,191 

Diamond 1.341 

Eureka 1,023 

Gueda 1,146 

Kansas  Falls 1,090 

Lost 1.476 

Neosho  Rapids 1,092 

Sharon 3,440 

Solomon  Rapids.  .  .  .1,393 


KENTUCKY. 


Places.  Feet 

Lexington 948 

Louisville 484 

Newport 515 

Owensboro 444 

Paducah 341 


Places.  Feet. 

Paris 826 

Richmond 926 

Summit 1,263 

Versailles 910 

Waynesburg 1.215 


LOUISIANA. 

Places.  Feet.\     Places. 

Crowley 29iLee  Bayou.. 

Donaldsonville 33. Monroe.  .  .  . 

Lafayette 48  Mount  Airy. 

Lake  Charles.  .^^ 22'New  Iberia. 

MAI 

Places.  Feet. 

Lewiston 199 

Mechanic  Falls 295 

Oldtown 95 

Oxford 323 

Poland  Springs 324 

Rumford  Falls 678 

Saco 36 

Sanford 626 

Vanceboro 401 

WaterviUe 112 

Westbrook  Junction .  99 

Yarmouth 93 


NE. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Abraham 3,388 

Bigelow 3,600 

East  Royce 3.125 

Katahdin 5,200 

Pleasant 2,021 

Webb  Rowe 1,372 

Wlggin 1,275 

York 1,190 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

AUeguash 950 

Atteau , 1,094 

Chamberlain. -920 


Lakes;  Etc.  Feet. 

Cumberland  Falls. . .  1,256 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Brushy 1,535 

Frazier  Knob 1,540 

Suttou  Knob 1,515 

Feet.      Places.  Feet. 

. .  47  New  Orleans 15 

. .    82  Opelousas 59 

. .    19  Plaquemlne 31 

. .   22  Shreveport 180 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

ChurohiJl. 914 

Cobbosseecontee. . .  .     930 

Long 1,112 

Moosehead 1,023 

Mooselookmeguntic.  1,486 

Pomgoowaham 914 

Rangeley 1,511 

Richardsan 1,456 

Rippogonus 878 

Umbagog 1,256 

Wood 1,094 


MARYLAND. 


Places.  Feet. 

Altamont 2,620 

Antletam  Creek 460 

CarroUton 550 

Clarysville 1,637 

Cockeysvllle 778 

Cumberland 856 

Deer  Park 2,441 

Edgemont 910 

Emory  Grove 652 

Fairvlew 2,680 

Frederick 336 


Places.  Feet 

Frostburg 1,920 

Gaithersburg 516 

Hagerstown 567 

Hampstead 880 

Lonaconing 1,560 

LuthervlUe 326 

Mechanicstown 520 

Mount  Hone 440 

Mt.  St.  Mary's  Col.  .     72) 

Newmarket . ". 550 

New  Windsor 440 


Places.  Feel. 

Oakland 380 

Patapsco 360 

Pen  Mar 1,200 

Rockville 429 

vSabillasville 1,120 

Sharpsburg 442 

Smithsburg 750 

Sunnyside 2,440 

Swanton 2,282 

Sykesville 410 

Taneytown 493 


Places.  Feet. 

Western  Port 1,000 

Westmin.ster 700 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Cranberry  Summit.  .2,452 

Dan's  Peak 2,882 

Federal  Hill 2,106 

Little  Allegheny.  .  .  .2,262 

Plney 2,410 

St.  John  Rock 2,930 

Sampson  Rock 2,942 

Wolf  Rock 2,790 


118 


Altitudes  in  the    United  States — Continued. 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


Places. 

Adams 

Amherst 

Andover 

Athol 

Attleboro 

Ayer 

Boston 

Brookfleld 

Bunker    HiU    Monu- 
ment (ground) .  .  . . 

Concord 

Dorchester 

Fall  River 

Fitchburg 

Framlngham 

Gardner 

Holyoke 


Feet. 
798 
258 
85 
550 
129 
237 
13 
606 

83 
139 

73 

200 

433 

185 

1,034 

79 


Places.  Feet. 

Lawrence 65 

Lowell 85 

Natick 170 

New  Bedford 88 

Newbury  port 44 

Newton  Centre 165 

North  Adams 704 

Northampton" 145 

Pepperell 205 

Plttsfleld 1,013 

Roxbury 20 

Somerville 26 

Springfield 204 

Stockbridge  Bowl .  . .  900 

Swampscott 42 

Taunton 40 

Turner's  Falls 180 


Places.  Feet. 

VVellesley 140 

Westneld.  .  .■ 147 

Wilcox 2,155 

VVlnchendon 933 

WilUamstown 602 

Worcester 477 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Adams 2,140 

Ashley 2,400 

Bald .■ 2,624 

Becket 2,200 

Bryant 2,145 

Darby 2,020 

East 2,660 

Everett 2,624 

French 2,239 

Frisson 2,420 


MICHIGAN. 


Places.  Feet. 

Adrian 810 

Ann  Arbor 878 

Battle  Creek 827 

Bay  City 592 

Bessemer 1,486 

Cadillac 1.293 

Cheboygan 598 

Detroit 602 

Dowagiac 758 

Fort  Gratiot 590 

Grand  Haven 692 


Places.  Feet. 

Albert  Lea 1,230 

Avoca 1,956 

Clearwater 960 

Coteau  des  Prairies.  .1.960 

Faribault 1,003 

Fond  du  Lac 607 

Fort  Ridgley 782 

Fort  Ripley 1,169 

Fort  Snelllng 722 

La  Prairie 1,281 

Mendota 722 

Minneapolis 828 

New  Ulm 837 

Nicolette 980 

Redwing 685 


Places.  Feet. 

Brookhaven 486 

Columbus 191 

Coflnth 4.50 

De  Soto 210 


Places.  Feet. 

Carthage 1,007 

ChllUcothe 773 

Columbia 783 

Exeter 1,560 

Fayette 650 

Hannibal 473 


Places.  Feet. 

Asslniboine 2,595 

Benton 2,869 

Billings 3,117 

Boulder 4,919 

Butte 5,484 

Suster 2.727 

Fort  Assiniboine .  .  .  2,650 

Fort  Custer 2.899 

Fort  Harrison 4,004 

ffelena 4,157 

Holland 10.400 

Maginnis  Fort 4,310 


Places.  Feet. 

Cody 3,095 

Fort  Kearney 2,119 

Fort  Robinson 3,758 

Fort  Sidney 5,086 

Harrison 4,849 

Kearney 2,146 

Lincoln 1,154 


Places.  Feet. 

Grand  Island 990 

Grand  Rapids 642 

Houghton 606 

Ishpeming 1,402 

Jackson 939 

Kalamazoo 769 

Lansing 847 

Marquette 628 

Menominee 598 

Mount  Clemens 603 

Nlles 709 


Places.  Feet. 

Pontiac 935 

Port  Huron 596 

Saginaw 589 

Sault  Ste.  Marie.  . . .    617 

Summit 1,750 

Tecumseh 809 

Wolverine 773 

Ypsilanti 713 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Balsam 1,503 

Haughton 1,511 


MINNESOTA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Rochester 991 

St.  Cloud 1,027 

St.  Paul 911 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Brule 2,044 

Giants  Range 2,200 

Mesabi  Range 2,400 

Misquah  Hills 2,400 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Abita 1,933 

Benton 1,754 

Burntwood 1,782 

Camp 1,758 

Caribou 1.821 

Clearwater 1,661 


Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Clubfoot 1,756 

Cross 1,810 

Dead 3,050 

Iron 1,796 

Itaska 1,462 

Little  Lake 1,824 

Little  Pine 1,737 

Little  Trout 1.855 

Mayhew 1,796 

Mesabi 1,681 

Minn.  Falls 1,041 

Mlnnewashta 945 

Meranda 1,733 

MlsfiuaU 1,855 

Mount 1,652 


MISSISSIPPI. 


Places.  Feet. 

Enterprise 248 

Fayette 292 

Greenwood 143 

Hattlesburg ^  146 

MISSOURI. 


Places.  Feet. 

Holly  Springs 592 

Jackson 291 

Laurel 241 

Meridian 345 


Places.  Feet. 

Independence 951 

Jefferson  City 555 

Joplin 979 

Kansas  City 782 

Liberty SbZ 

Marshall 804 


Places.  Feel. 

Missouri  City 716 

Ozark 1,113 

Republic 1,316 

St.  Joseph 874 

St.  Louis 455 

Sedalla 892 


MONTANA. 


Places.         ~  Feet. 

Missoula 3,197 

Needles 10,933 

Pyramid 10,720 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Blackmore .  .  .• 10-196 

Boulder  Pass 5,662 

Conical 10,737 

Cowon 11,190 

Crazy 11,178 

Delano 10,200 

Douglas 11,300 

Electric 11,155 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Emigrant 10.969 

Gallatin 10,697 

Gordon  Pass 7,400 

Haskell  Pass 4,149 

Haystack 10,990 

Lewis  &  Clark  Pass .   6,323 

Lone 11,194 

Madison  Pass 6,911 

Sphinx 10,844 

Twin  Peaks 10,246 

Ward 10,267 

Wedee 10,508 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Greylock 3,535 

Hazen 2,272 

Perry 2,089 

Potter 2,400 

Race 2,395 

Remington .2.146 

South 2.200 

Spruce  Hill 2,588 

Tower 2.186 

Undine 2,195 

AVachusett 2,108 

Wilcox 2,159 

Williams 3.040 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Onota 1,100 

Otis  Reiservoir 1,422 

Signal 1,680 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Hurou , 1,532 

Ive's  Hill.  .  .  : 1,632 

McKay '...1,627 

Parapine 2.023 

Lakes,  Etcf  Feet. 

Beaver 1,250 

Crystal  Falls 1,344 

Gozebic 1,327 

Little 1,331 

Otsego 1.280 

Three 1,004 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Owl 1,731 

Poplar 1,804 

Portage 1,817 

Rat 1,802 

Rice 1,737 

Round.... 1,791 

Rove 1,649 

Sioux  Falls 1,637 

Smoke 1,754 

Spotted  Rock 1,853 

Square 1,787 

Sunrise 1,742 

Tamarack 1,715 

Temperance  River.  .  1,760 
Wing 1,818 

Places.  Feet. 

Scooba 193 

Tupelo.  .  .T 270 

Vicksburg 192 

West  Point 241 

Places.  Feet. 

Springfield.  .  ... 1,350 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feel. 

Dean 859 

Lone 896 

Mineral  Springs 1,475 

Willow  Springs 1,254 


Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Columbia  Falls.  . . .  3.101 

Como 4,167 

Great  Falls 3.331 

Holland 3,950 

Kootenai  Falls 1,987 

Moss  Agiite 5,106 

Rainy 4,000 

Tahwah 6,700 

Thermal 4,027 

Waterton 4,245 

Wilder 5,741 

Wildhorse 2,850 


NEBRASKA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Marsland 4,156 

Venango 3,588 

Weir 3,459 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Bald 4,420 

Bighorn 4,718 

Dome  Rock 4,560 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Funnel  Rook 4,502 

Gape  Rock 5.006 

Hogback 5,084 

Niobrara  Summit.  .  .5,323 

Round  Top 4,419 

Scotfs  Bluff. 4,662 

Sheep 4,507 


^fountains.  Feet. 

Signal  Butte 4,-583 

White  River  Summlt.4.848 
Wildcat 5,038 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Bruce 1.200 

Hay 3.824 

Wood 2,687 


Altitudes  in   th§    United   States — Continued. 


119 


Places.  Feet. 

Birchin 10,345 

Chalk  Well 7,604 

Fort  ChurchiU 4,310 

Golconda 4,380 

Humboldt. 4,241 

Paradise  Valley 4,500 

Reno 4,499 

San  Juan 10,982 

Silver  City 4,940 

Truckee 5,100 

Mountains.  Feet 

Big  Creek  Pass.  . . .   8,922 

Bonneville 11,200 

Bonpland 11,321 

Bunker  Hill 11,405 

Callahan 10,208 

Charleston 10,874 

Curtis 9,000 

Dalton 9,232 


NEV 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Davies 11,756 

Desatoya 9,921 

Desert  Creek 9»020 

Diamond 10,634 

Egan  Pass, 7,546 

Emigrant  Pass 7,876 

French 10,779 

Geneva  Pass 11,077 

Genoa 9,173 

Gibson  Crest 11,000 

Globe 11,237 

Gosinte 10,491 

Grafton 10,964 

Grant 11,247 

Hahn 11,298 

Hot  Springs 7,692 

Indian  Pass 9,057 

Inyo 11,337 

Ives  Pass 6,672 


ADA. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

McKinney  Pass. . . .   5,592 

Mickey  Pass 5,806 

Mineral  Pass 6,969 

Monument 10,085 

Oreana 9,380 

Pilot  Knob 10,758 

Pinon  Pass 6,533 

Poston 11,977 

Roberts 10,132 

Rose 10,800 

Shell  Creek  Range . .  1 1 ,200 

Shoshone 9,760 

Sillimau 11,623 

Slide 9,720 

Snow  Valley 9,274 

Spruce 11,041 

Telescope 10,938 

Toyahe  Dome n,779 

Wheeler 13,058 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 


Places.  Feet. 

Bethlehem 1,187 

Cheshire 1,140 

Colebrook 1,016 

Crawford 1,892 

Fabyans 1,573 

Franconia 990 

Halfway  House 3,840 

Hanover 603 

Keene 470 

Lebanon 510 

Littleton 817 

North  Conway 521 

Peterboro 724 

Plymouth •  473 

Sandwich  Notch, 

Campton 1,754 

Shelburne 701 

Sunapee 956 

Swanzey 212 

White  River  Junction    369 

Woodstock .' 749 

.Zealand  Notch, 

*     Bethlehem 3,385 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Adams 5,805 

•■     J.  Q 5,384 

Anderson 3,725 

Bald  Face,  N 3,608 

••     Mountain 3,572 

Bemls 3,709 

Places.  Feet 

Afton 130 

Allamuchy 637 

Allen 897 

Allendale 272 

Andover 640 

Areola 50 

Arlington 62 

Asbury 436 

Baptistown 614 

Basking  Ridge 375 

Beacon  Hill 373 

Bedminster 177 

Belvldere 264 

Belle  Mead 100 

Beemervllle 755 

Blah-stown 348 

Boonton 413 

Brick  Church 184 

Caldwell 411 

Calif  on 484 

Camden 21 

Camp  Gaw 381 

Cedar  Grove 270 

Chapel  Hill ,.  .  68 

Charlotteburg 719 

Chatham 234 

Chester 845 

Clayton 123 

Clifton 124 

Clinton 347 

Deckertown 441 

Delaware 288 

DenvlUe 523 

Dlngman 356 

Dover 670 

Egg  Harbor. .  ^ St.  60 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Black 3,587 

"     Sand'hDorde.. 4,071 

Boott  Sput 5.520 

Cannon 4,107 

Carter  Dome 4,860 

Cherry 3,600 

Clay 5,554 

Clinton 4,275 


Dartmouth 3,76S!Mitten 3,080 


Deception 3,700 

Eagle  Head 4,216 

Eastman 3,559 

Field 4,355 

Flume 4,340 

Frankhn 5,028 

Garfield 4,519 

Green 3,547 

Guyot 4,509 

Hale 4,102 

Hancock 4,430 

Hight 4,710 

Huntington 3.730 

Imp 3,735 

Ingalls 3,.570 

Isolation 3,970 

Jackson 4,012 

Jefferson 5,725 

Kancauragu^ 3,700 

Kearsarge 3,260 

Kinsman 4.200 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Lafayette 5,269 

Liberty 4,472 

Lincoln 5,098 

Little  Monroe 5,204 

Madison '.5,380 

Mad  River 4,397 

Middle  Carter 4,775 

MiJdli  Moriah 3,775 


Monadnock 3,186 

Monroe 5,390 

Moosllanlie 4,810 

Moriaii 4,065 

Nancy 3,810 

Nelson  Crag 5,000 

Newell  Pk 5,313 

North  Bald  Face 3,605 

"     Carter 4,565 

"     Twin.. 4,783 

Osceola 4,352 

Passaconaway 4,116 

Pemigewasset 4,420 

Pleasant  Dome 4,775 

PUnv .3,625 

Profile 4,114 

Round 3,890 

Sable 3,540| 

Sam  Adams 5,585 

Sandwich  Dome.  .  .  .3,969 
Scar  Ridge 3,816! 


NEW    JERSEY. 


Places.  Feet 

East  Orange 173 

Essex 129 

Flemlngton 195 

Ford 1,146 

Fort  Lee 314 

Franklin  Furnace .  .  .  635 

Frenchtown 132 

Freehold 164 

German  Valley 545 

Glen  Gardner 413 

Hackettstown 566 

Hibernia 551 

Highlands,  Naveslnk  200 

Hohokus 192 

Hopatcong 912 

Lakewood 55 

Little  Falls 190 

Madison 248 

Manunka  Chunk. . .  .  334 

Mlddletown 535 

Milburn 162 

Montclair 241 

Morristown 69 

Mount  Hope 829 

Navesink,  Highlands  200 

Newfoundland 772 

Newton 600 

Orange 187 

Park  Ridge 150 

Parsippany 331 

Paterson 193 

Peapack 242 

Pennington 210 

Phllllpsburg 221 

Pitman  Grove 135 

Plalnfleld 103 


Places.  Feet. 

Pompton 214 

Port  Jervls 44 1 

Princeton 209 

Ramsey 347 

RIdgefield 140 

Ringoes 252 

Ringwood 339 

Rockaway 557 

Saddle  River 269 

Scotch  Plains 154 

Snake  Hill 203 

Somerville 67 

Sparta 633 

Stanhope 873 

Stockholm 966 

Succasunna 707 

Summit 1,015 

Trenton 56 

Two  Bridges 956 

Uniontown 376 

Upper  Macopln 1,067 

"     Montclair 342 

Verona 356 

Washington 606 

Westfleld 128 

Whippany 206 

Whitehouse 176 

Wortendyke 268 

Wyckoff 343 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Allamuchy 1,229 

Bald  Pate 1,192 

Blue 1.527 

Catswamp 1,061 

Cobb 1,169 

Coperas 1,243. 


Mountains.  Feet. 

White  Pine 11,277 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Antelope 7,201 

Carson  Hot  Springs.  4,592 

Cold 6.137 

Crystal 5,7^2 

Custer 5,843 

Hot 4,075 

Keyser 5,400 

Miller 6,220 

Mud  Springs 4,900 

Pinto 5,683 

Spring  Valley 7,768 

Summit 6,327 

Tahoe 6,223 

Twin  Lakes 7,843 

Washoe 5,046 

Winnemucca 3,875 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Shelburne  Moriah . . .  3,750 

South  Bald  Face 3,585 

"     Carter 4,645 

"     Twin 4,922 

Star  King 3,915 

Tecumseh. .' 4,008 

Terrace 3,670 

Tom 4,040 

Tri  Pyramid -4,189 

Vose  Spur 4,235 

Washiiigton 6,293 

■'     Lion's  Head. .  .5,016 
"     Nelson's  Crag. 5, 615 

Waumbek 4,020 

Webster 3,876 

White  Face 4,057 

Wild  Cat 4,415 

V/i)!cy 4,260 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Chesham 1,149 

Echo 1,926 

Mountain 1,605 

Pierce's  Mill  Pond...  1,218 

Profile 1,747 

Ronnsevel 1,430 

Sawyer.  .^ 1,790 

Silver 1,321 

Starr 4,890 

Stone T-rT 1,295 

Zealand 2,460 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Culver  Gap 1,319 

Delaware  Wat.  Gap.  .1,456 

Fern 1,003 

Green  Pond 1,300 

Hamburg 1,469 

High  Knob 1,799 

High  (Passaic  Co.) . .    879 

Hook 456 

Jenny  Jump 1,130 

Mohepinoke 1,140 

Olive 1,150 

Pimple 1,088 

Pochuok 1,176 

Schooley 1,208 

WlDbeam 1,023 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Budd 993 

Cedar 1,113 

Decker 806 

Dixonis 560 

Drake 681 

Dunker 1,010 

Green 1,045 

Greenwood 618 

Hanks 1,030 

High  Knob 1,674 

Hopatcong 976 

Hopewell 1,160 

Marcia 1,570 

Land 1,600 

Mashipacong 1,124 

Mud 1,244 

Round 1,369 

Sand 1,244 

■VVawayanda 1,150 


120 


Altitudes  in   the    United  States — Continued. 


NEW    MEXICO. 


Places.  Feet. 

Alameda 4,996 

Albuquerque. 4,950 

Canon  City 5.321 

Cerro  Bianco 14,269 

Cimarron 6,385 

Conrad  (Fort) 4,576 

Continental  Divide.  7,243 

Cunimlng.s  (Fort) .  .  4,778 

Defiance  (Fort) 7,042 

Deming 4,331 

Fort  Bayard 6,040 

Fort  Craig 4,448 

Fort  Union 6.750 

Fort  Win?ate 6,649 

Marcy  (Fort) 6.846 

Mescalero  Ageacy. .  6.475 


Places.  Feet. 

Asheville 1,986 

BUtmore 1,996 

Charlotte 747 

Durham 406 

Elizabeth  City 8 

Fayetteville 101 

Goldsboro Ill 

Greensboro 837 

Henderson 605 

Raleigh 363 

Salem 878 

Salisbury 765 

Skyuka 3,200 


PlCLces.  Feet. 

Beach 2,756 

Belfleld 2,579 

Bismarck 1,672 

Fargo 903 

Grand  Forks 836 


Movntains.  Feet. 

Ablquin 11,240 

Agua  Fria 10,965 

Baldy 12,623 

Capitan  Pass 7,398 

Capltan  Peak 10,023 

Cone 12,690 

Costilla  Pass 10,188 

Costilla 12,634 

Elizabeth 12,491 

Lake 12,380 

Las  Truncas 13,150 

Magdalena 10,798 

Manzano 10,086 

Miembres 10,03 

Nacimiento 10,045' 

New  York 10,594 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Osha 10,223 

Pelado 11,260 

Ponil  Pass 9,848 

San  Antonio. '. 10,833 

Sandia 10,609 

Santa  Clara 11.507 

Santa  Fe  Baldy 12,661 

Taos  Pass 9,282 

Taos 13,145 

Taylor 11,389 

Thomas 11,275 

Thompson 10,546 

Thunder 9,122 

iJTruchas 13,276 

'^United  States 10,734 

Ute 10,151 


NORTH       CAROLINA. 


Places. 

Weldon ; . 

Wilmington 

Mountains. 

Alexander 

Amos  Plott's  Balsam 

Balsam  Cone 

Big  Craggy 

Black  Brother 

Bowlcn  Pyramid . . . . 

Brother  Plott 

Buckley •.'... 

Cattail  Peak 

Chimney  Peak 


Feet.      Mountains.  Feet. 

105  Cold  Spring 5,916 

29  Craggy  Pinnacle 5,945 

Feel.  Deer 6,233 

6.447  Gibbs 6,591 

6,27^  Grandfather 5,964 

6.671  Grassy  Ridge  Bald.  .6,226 

6.068  Hairy  Bear 6,681 

6,619  Hallback 6,403 

6,348  Hardy.: 6,102 

6,246  Jones  Knob 6,2(;9 

6,599  Junaleska i .  .6,223 

6,611  Lickstone 5,707 

6,234  Lone  BaUam 5.898 


NORTH 

Places.  Feet. 

Mlnot 1.557 

Sentinel  Butte 2,709 

Wahpeton 965 

Williston 1,854 


DAKOTA. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Antelope 2,411 

Bear  Butte 2,200 

Butte  St.  Paul 2.300 

Fryburg 2.768 

Sentinel  Butte 2,709 


OHIO. 


Places.  Feet. 

Akron 1,004 

Alliance 1,081 

Ashland 1,076 

Ashtabuia 703 

Athens 656 

BangorvlUe 1,380 

Bellairo 701 

Belief  ontaine 1,216 

Bucyrus. 1,006 

Canal  Dover 880 

Canton 1,031 

Chlllicothe 638 

Cincinnati 722 

Circle  vllle 707 

Cleveland 686 

Columbus 759 

Conneaut 650 


Places.  Feet. 

Alston 1,857 

Hamlin 488 

Chickaska 1.091 

Clairmo.-e 611 

Duncan 1,126 

Earlboro 1,025 

Elreno 1,357 


Places.  Feet. 

Baker 3,441 

Drew  Valley./ 4,951 

Fort  Klamath 4,200 

Fort  Lane 1,207 

Lake  View 5,060 

Medford 1,397 

Pleasant  Valley 3,751 

Roseburg 482 

Siskiyou- 4,135 

UmatUla 247 

Warner  Camp 5,730 

Watchman 8.125 


Places.  Feet. 

Dayton 745 

Defiance 695 

Delawa.e 927 

Elyria 755 

Findlay 786 

Fostorla 779 

Fremont 630 

Gallipolis 561 

Hamilton 600 

Hiram 1,260 

Lancaster 841 

Lima 879 

Lorain 609 

Mansfield 1,158 

Marietta 628 

Marion 979 

Massillon 952 


Places.  Feet. 

Mentor 652 

Mount  Vernon 991 

Newark 872 

Niles 912 

Palestine 880 

Portsmouth 525 

Ravenna 1,138 

Sandusky 632 

Scioto 981 

Springfield 988 

Tiffin 756 

Toledo 590 

Urbana 1.031 

Van  Wert 782 

Wapakoneta 870 

Warren 904 

Warrensville 1,214 


OKLAHOMA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Enid 1,269 

Fort  Gibson 536 

Gage 2,165 

Goodwin 2,528 

Guthrie 939 

Hardom 2,124 

Hartshorne 704 


Places.  Feet. 

Mario 1,288 

Minco 1,294 

Ninnekah 1,077 

Oklahoma  City 1.197 

Purcell 1,092 

Shattuck..: 2,231 

Shawnee 1,041 


OREGON. 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Cathedral  Rock 8,175 

Cedarville 8,301 

Crater 7,425 

Diamond 8,807 

Dutton  Cliff 8.223 

Glacier 8,227 

Granite 8,990 

Hood 11,225 

Llao  Rock 8,148 

Lalochewis 7,957 

Pauline 7.387 

Pitt 9,760 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Red  Cone 7,577 

Scott 7,123 

Scott  Peak 9,122 

Siskiyou 7,662 

Sterling 7,377 

Sugarloaf 8,415 

Timber  Crater 7,642 

Timber 7,519 

Union 7.881 

Vldal  Cliff 8.228 

Yaraax  Butte. 7,277 

Yamsay 8,248 


LaJces,  Etc.  Feet. 

Bacon 7,189 

Beranda 7.494 

Coyote.  .  ..-. 7,202 

Elk 7,415 

Galinls 7,673 

Gallo 7,587 

Hedionda 7.149 

Hot  Springs 5,065 

Kiowa 7,226 

Las  Vegas  Hot  S. . .  6,726 

Luera 7,585 

Monica 7,602 

Oak 7,204 

Sliver  Springs 7,638 

Thompson 7.607 

Winter 7,182 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Mitchell •.  ..6,711 

Pickens  Nose 4,822 

Pisgah 5,713 

Potato  Top 6,393 

Richland  Balsam 6,370 

Rich  Bald 5.368 

Roan  High  Bluff 6,287 

Rockstand  Knob 6,002 

Rocky  Face 6,031 

Rocky  Trail  Peak. .  .6,488 
Spruce  Ridge  Top. .  .6,076 
Water  Rock  Knob..  .6.399 
Yeates  Knob 5,975 


Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Beaver  Lake 1,970 

Cold  Spring.^ 1.984 

Crystal f 1.792 

Pleasant 1,603 

Sully 2.575 


Places.  Feet. 

Washington 670 

Welkton 731 

Wellsville 687 

Wilmington 1,033 

Wooster 901 

Xenia 925 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Church 1,016 

Clarldon 1,366 

Little .1,248 

Long's 1,103 

Monroe 1,045 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Brush 1.129 

Geauga 1,039 

Monroe  Falls 1,024 

Yellow  Springs 1,017 


Places.  Feet. 

Wayne 1,100 

Whitehead 2,095 

Woodward 1,888 

Yukon 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Rush 1,288 

Willow 1.109 


Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Albert 4,209 

Big..... 4,553 

Corral 4,569 

Cottage 5.718 

Crater 6,229 

Curry 4,273 

Harney 4,150 

Mule 4,729 

Multnomah  Falls.  .        44 

North  Twin... 5,117 

Silver 4,300 

Stampede 4.196 


Altitudes  in   the    United  States — Continued. 


121 


PENNSYLVANIA. 


Places.  — ■'    Feet. 

Alleghany  Tunnel. .  .2,126 

Allegrippus 1,936 

Allentown 259 

Altoona 1,192 

Bedford 1,060 

Berlin ...2,176 

Berwick 505 

Bethlehem 228 

Braddocli '; 828 

Bradford 1,429 

Bryn  Mawr ,. .    413 

Butler 1,012 

Carbondale 1,080 

Carlisle 473 

Chambersburg 620 

Chestnut  Hill 416 

Clearfield 1,107 

Coatesville 379 

Columbia 257 

Corry ..1,434 

Crawford 2,097 

Cresco .Ii202 

Cresson 2,022 

Devon 466 

Doylestown 338 

Easton 364 

Erie 703 

Franklin 988 

Gallitzin 2,165 

Glen  Onolco 593 

Greencastle 685 

Places.  Feet. 

Coventry 305 

Cranston 78 

Greene 427 

Kingston .25o 

Nipmuc 275 

Olneysville 45 

Pascoag 392 

Pawtucket 79 

Places.  Feet. 

Aiken 527 

Anderson 764 

Columbia 190 


Places.  Feet. 

Aberdeen 1,300 

Blackhawk 3,494 

Chamberlain 1,363 

Custer 5,303 

Deadwood 4,545 

Dumont 6,195 

Lead  City 5.089 


Places.  Feet. 

Athens 976 

Bristol 1,678 

Charlotte 650 

Chattanooga 690 

Chickamauga 691 

Clarhsville 394 

Fairmount 1,950 

Henderson 429 

Hillsboro 1,055 

Jackson 425 

Jonesboro 1,734 

KnoxviUe 933 

Mountain  City 2,481 


Places. 

Greensburg 

Harrisburg 

Haverford 

Hazelton 

Hollidaysburg 

Honesdale 

Howard  Hill 

Huntington 

Johnstown 

Kennett  Square 

Lackawanna 

Lackawaxen 

Lafayette 

Lancaster 

Lansdale 

Lehigh 

Lewisburg 

Little  Conemaugh . . 

Lockport 

McKeesport 

Manunka  Chunk... 

Mauch  ChunlJ 

Meadville 

Media 

Mifflinburg 

Milford 

Montrose 

Mount  Pocono 

Nanticoke 

Nay  Aug 

Newcastle 


Feet. 
.1,091 
,  318 
,  389 
.  837 
.  953 
.  986 
.2,336 
.  650 
.1,170 
.  260 
.  635 
,  649 
,2,075 
,  371 
,  359 
,1,883 
.  466 
.1,563 

1,055 
.  753 
.  345 
.  646 
.1,078 
.  210 
.  565 
.1,933 
.  1,658 
.1,656 
.  540 
.1,183 
.     814 


Places.  Feet. 

Oil  City 1,006 

Paoli '. . . .    541 

Penn  Yan 713 

Phillipsburg 854 

Phoenix ville7 . .  -. 131 

Pittsburgh 759 

Pittston 768 

Pocono  Summit 1,859 

Pond  Eddy 571 

Port  Carbon 636 

Pottstown 147 

Pottsvllle 611 

Reading 265 

Renova 668 

Sandpatch  Tunnel.  .2,284 

Sayre 776 

Schuylkill  Haven .  .  .    526 

Scranton.' 744 

Sewickley 880 

Sharon 855 

Shenandoah 1,268 

Shenango 987 

Shickshinny 519 

Shippensburg 654 

Shonola 649 

Shoo  Fly  Tunnel. . .'.  1,622 

Somerset..: 2,129 

Starrucca 1 ,47 1 

Susquehanna 531 

Tamaqua 787 

Tioga 1,055 


Places.  Feet. 

Titusvllle 1,184 

Towanda 754 

Tunkhannock 613 

Tyrone .-. ..    911 

Uniontown 990 

Villa  Nova 430 

Washington 485 

Water  Gap 296 

Waynesburg 728 

West  Chester 420 

Wheatland 834 

Wlilte  Haven 1,145 

Wilkes-Barre 545 

Williamsport 531 

Wyoming 557 

York 381 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Ararat 2,024 

Bad 2,226 

Big  Shiney 2,320 

Boar's  Head 2,100 

Clarion  Summit 2,020 

East 2,300 

Miller 2,227 

Moosic 2,12» 

North  Knob 2.684 

Pocahontas 2,660 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Harney 1,226 

Sandy 1,158 

Sulphur  Springs 1,184 


RHODE       ISLAND. 


Places.  Feet. 

Quidnick 214 

Slocumville 136 

Smithfleld 263 

Stillwater 186 

Woonsocket 187 

Hills.  Feet 

Absalina 635 

Bald  (W.  Greenwich) . .  630 


Hills.  Fc?t. 

Bennett 662 

Biscuit 608 

Bovven 610 

Buck 728 

Chopmist 730 

Durfee 805 

Howard 687 

Hygeia > 700 


SOUTH      CAROLINA. 


Places.  Feet. 

Florence 135 

Fiirman  University. .  1,074 
Greenville 966 


Places.  Feet. 

Newberry 502 

Orangeburg 264 

Pickens 1,162 


Places. 

Mitchell 1,312 

Perry 5,400 

Pierre 1,441 

Portland 6,430 

Silver  City 4,592 

Vermillion 1,150 

Watertown 1,735 


SOUTH     DAKOTA. 

Feet 


Places.  Feet. 

Nashville 435 

Sewanee 1,864 

Tennessee  City 822 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Big  Stone 5,614 

Chimzy  Knob 5,588 

Clingman  Dome.  . .  .6,619 

Collins 6,188 

Cross  Knob 6,931 

Curtiss 6,568 

Forney  Ridge  Park. .  5,087 

Great  Bald 4,922 

Guyot 6,636 


■  Mountains.  Feet. 

CrownhiU 6,153 

Custer 6,812 

Elk 6,423 

Harney , 7,216 

InyanKara  Black 

Hills 6,870 

Richmond  Hill 6,060 

TENNESSEE. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Hangover 5,600 

Henry 6,373 

Hump 5,622 

Laurel 5,922 

Leconte 6,612 

Love 6,443 

Luftee  Knob 6,232 

Master  Knob 6,013 

Mingus 5,694 

Oconee 6,135 

Peck  Peak 6,232 

Raven  Knob 6,230 

Roan 6,313 


Places.  Feet. 

Abilene 1,718 

Amarillo 3,615 

Austin 510 

Blodgett 5,805 

Cameron 402 

CarroUton 486 

Corsicana 427 

Dallas 422 

Denison 736 

El  Paso 503 

Fort  Worth 710 

Guadalupe 7,844 


Places.  Feet. 

Marathon 4,040 

Marion 652 

Painted  Cave 4,003 

Pecos  City 2,581 

Proctor 1,209 

Rio  Grande 3,461 

Ryan 4,743 

San  Angelo 1,847 

Talpa 1,948 

Texarkana 295 

Texline .'...4,694 

Wendell 4.221 


TEXAS. 

Places.  Feet. 

West  Point 305 

Wichita  Falls 943 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Aguza 5,981 

Baldy 8,382 

Black 7,550 


Blue 7,330 

Capote 6,185 

Ca-sket 6,180 

Cathedral 6,860 

Chinati 7,730 

Chispa 5,215 


Hills.  Feet. 

Jerimoth 799 

Pine  (Glocester) 760 

Pray  (Glocester) 693 

Raccoon  (W.Gr'nwich)601 

Rounds  (Foster) 625 

Tourtellotte 684 

Weaver 601 

Weeks 600 


Places.  Feet. 

Port  Royal 3,436 

Spartanburg 693 

Sumter 169 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Terry 6,165 

Warren 6,900 

Lakes,  Elc.  Feet. 

Hot 3,462 

Lone  Tree 1,882 

Sioux  Falls 1,400 

Wbitewood 1,694 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Saftard 6,535 

Silver  Bald 5,594 

Snaky 5,795 

Thermometer 6,157 

Three  Brothers 5.907 

Thunder  Knob 5,682 

Thunder  Head 5,520 

Tricorner  Knob 6,188 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Beersheba 1,838 

Blue 904 

Estell 937 

Sulphur 913 


-  Mountains..  Feet. 

Cienga 5,227 

Eagle 7,516 

Ma,ior 5,822 

North  Franklin 7,140 

Quitman 5,902 

Sawtooth 7,748 

Timber 6,442 

VlJga 6,467 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Arthur 3,371 

McMillan's 3,309 

South 3,574 


122 


Altitudes  in   the    United  States — Continued. 


UTAH. 


Places.  Feet 

Alta 9,265 

Aspen 8,927 

Bowl  Valley 7.600 

Cameron  Fort 6,058 

Cisco 4,385 

Cove  Creek  Fort. . .   6.000 

Croyden 5,245 

Deseret 4,541 

Echo  Park 5,080 

Emma  Park 7,570 

Escalante  Desert. ..   5,000 

Fort  Duchesne 4,941 

Frisco 7,318 

Gooseberry  Valley. .   8,600 

Grass  Valley 7.500 

Hell's  Kitchen 7,641 

Logan 4,507 

Moraine  Valley.  .  .  .  10.000 

Ogden 4,310 

Panguitch 7,000 

Hayflelds 7,500 

Pine  Valley 6,000 

Pleasant  Valley 8,200 

Potato  Valley 7,000 

Provo 4,532 

Rabbit  Valley 7,500 

Round  Lake  Valley.   6.000 
Salt  Lake  Desert. . .   5.000 

San  Pete  Valley 6,200 

San  Rafael 4,200 

Schofleld 7,635 

Sevier  Desert 5,400 

Skull  Valley 4,356 

Skumpah 6,142 

South  Tent 11.240 

Spanish  Valley 5,300 

Strawberry  Valley..  8,000 


Places.  Feet. 

Bellows  Falls 305 

Bennington 682 

Brattleboro 228 

Burlington 109 

Colchester 326 

Enosburg  Falls 436 

Guilford 410 

Halifax 1,600 

Ludlow 1,0.30 

Montpelier 488 

Northfleld 739 

Norwich 400 

Poultney 430 

Pownal 550 

Purchase-Tlamouth..2,544 


Places.  Feet. 

Apple  Orchard 4,246 

Bethel 548 

Bristol 1,676 

Charlottesville '485 

Clifton  Forge 1,052 

Culpeper 512 

Danville 413 

Fairfax 382 

Front  Royal 546 

Gordonsville 499 

Harrlsonbui'g 1,338 

Hawksbill 4,066 

Hot  Springs 2,195 

Leesburg 321 

Lexington 946 

Places.  Feet. 

Cascade  Tunnel. . . .  3.350 

Chelan  City 1,238 

Chealum 1,916 

Davenport 2,420 

East  Spokane 2,030 

Ellensburg 1,513 

Ephrata 1,268 

Fort  Spokane 1,400 

Pomeroy 1,897 

Snoqualmle 6,386 

Spokane 1,910 

Waitsburg 1,270 

Winona 1,489 

Yakima 1,069 


Places.  Feel. 

Summit  Valley ...  .    7.200 

Three  Lakes 5,380 

Tlmpanogas 11,957 

Tit  Mesa 7,650 

Utah  Valley 5,200 

Wasatch 5,815 

Waterpocket  Fold. .   7,500 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Abajo 11,445 

Adams  Head ......  10,360 

Anderson 10,710 

Aquarius  Plateau. . .  10,500 

Baldy 11,730 

Wasatch  Plateau.  .  .  10,250 

Bartels 10,050 

Bear  Valley 10,500 

Beaver » ..12,085 

Belknap 12,200 

Blue 11,071 

Brleras  Head 11,260 

Bruins  Point 10,150 

Burro 12,834 

Clayton 11,889 

Dalton 10,480 

Delano 12,240 

Deseret 11,047 

Desert 8,175 

Dutton 10,800 

Ellen 11,485 

Emmons 13,624 

Fish  Lake 11,578 

Flaming  Gorge 5,820 

Frances 10,430 

Gilbert 13,687 

Gunnison  Butte 5,250 

Hansel  Pass 5,138 

Harry 11 ,300 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Hilgard.. ..11,460 

Hlllers 10,650 

Hodges 13,500 

Horn  Head 10,920 

Ibepah 12,101 

Johnson  Pass 6,237 

Lamotte 12,892 

Lewlston 10,623 

Leidy 12,250 

Little  Creek 10,010 

Logan 10,004 

Lone 11,295 

Marsh : 12,410 

Maroine 11.600 

iMarysville 10,359 

Midget  Crest 11,414 

Monroe 11,240 

Muslnla 19,940 

Navajo 10,416 

Nebo 11,887 

North  Logan 10.004 

Observatory 9,589 

Ogden 9,592 

Peale 13,089 

Pennell 11,320 

Pilot 10,720 

Pine  Valley 10,250 

Point  Carbon 11,443 

Provo 11,000 

Sevier  Pass 4,768 

Spanish.  Fort 9,970 

Stevenson 10,840 

Table  Cliff 10,070 

Tantalus  Point.  .  .  .  10,670 

Terrell  Ridge 11,380 

Terrell 11,600 

Thousand  Lake 11,240 


VERMONT. 


Places.  Feet. 

Randolph 698 

Roxbury 1,016 

Rutland 562 

St.  Albans 390 

St.  Johnsbury 572 

Vergennes •  176 

Westminster 264 

Windsor 331 

Woodstock 680 

Mountains.  Fed. 

Ascutney 3,320 

Bald 3,124 

Bear 3,320 

Blue  Ridge 3,293 

Bromley 3.260 

VIRG 

Places.  Feet. 

Luray 819 

Lynchburg 796 

Martinsville 963 

Paddy 4,477 

Powhatan 320 

Radford    1,773 

Rappahannock 275 

Redrook 4,456 

Roanoke 907 

Salem 1,006 

Sharon  Springs 2,760 

Shenandoah 937 

Staunton 1,387 

Tazewell 2,513 

Weyer's  Cave 1,152 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Camel's  Hump 4,08S 

Eolus 3,148 

Equinox 3,816 

GlastO'ibury 3,764 

Green 3,436 

Hogsback 3,648 

Haystock 3,462 

Jay 4,018 

Killlngton 4,241 

Lincoln 4,078 

Little  Killlngton 3,951 

Little  Pico 3,134 

Ludlow 3,372 

Mansfield 4,364 

Mendon 3,837 

INIA. 

Places.  Feet. 

Winchester 717 

Woodstock 820 

Mountains.     -  Feet. 

Bald  Knob 4,245 

Buck 4,630 

Butt 4,135 

Clinch 4.223 

Corner  Rock 4,113 

Elliott  Knob 4,473 

Flat  Top 4,001 

High  Knob 4,188 

Hutchin's  Rock 4,724 

Morris  Knob 4,510 

Peak 4,230 

Peaks  of  Otter 4,001 


V/ASHINGTON. 


Mountains.  Feel. 

Adams 12,470 

Aiks 7,623 

Angeles 6,000 

Baker 10,827 

Bonaparte 6,000 

Brothers 6,920 

Cadet 6,859 

Cady  Pass 6,147 

Calispell 6.905 

Carlton 6,080 

Cascade  Pass 5,423 

Cascade  Summit. . .   4,030 

Chewelah 5,748 

Clspus  Pass 3,960 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Constance 7,777 

EUlnor 6,500 

Fltz  Henry 8,088 

Green  River  Pass.  .  4,894 

Meadow  Pass 3,248 

Miller 6,460 

Olympus 8,150 

Rainier.    14,526 

Saint  Helen's 10,000 

Skalahum 7.400 

Skomegan 8,400 

Stampede  Pass.  . . .  3,980 

Stinger 6,299 

Stuart 9,470 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Tingley: 10,260 

Tockewanna 13,458 

Tomasakl 12,271 

Tooele 10.396 

Tokuhnlkivatz 12,004 

Tushar 12.146 

Twin 11,563 

Waas 12,'319 

Wasatch 11,147 

Wasatch  Plateau ...  1 1 .000 
Wilson 13,300 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Antelope 5,390 

Bean 9,230 

Bear 5.9U 

Buckhorn 5.770 

Cedar.  .....' 5,100 

Desert  Springs 5,610 

Ellen 5,940 

Fish  Lake 8,790 

Fish  Spring 6.269 

Great  Salt  Lake 4,218 

Hague 5,450 

Hot  Springs 4,238- 

Indlan 5,284 

Iron 5,420 

Johnson 5,470 

Kanab 5,310 

Mountain 5,741 

Odoriferous 6,610 

Panguytch 8,130 

Salt  Lake 4,345 

San  Francisco 6,527 

Three  Lakes 5,380 

Utah  Lake 4,505 

White 7,950 

White  Rock 6,542 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Pico 3,967 

Potato  Hill 3,986 

Saltash.  .' 3,278 

Shrewsbury 3,737 

Smith's 3,226 

Spruce 3,060 

Sterling 3,700 

Stratton 3.859 

Styles 3,404 

Tabor 3,584 

Woodlawn 3.072 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Grout 2,225 

Little  WInhall 2,390 

Wallingford 2,167 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Pleasant 4,098 

Point  Lookout 4,523 

Priest 4,080 

Rocky  Knob 4,010 

Roger's 5,719 

Stony  Mass 4,031 

The  Priest 4,080 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Barren  Springs 1,908 

Big  Springs 1,250 

Eggleston  Springs. . .  1,644 

Foster  Falls 1,960 

Glade  Springs 2,074 

Hot  Springs 2,195 

Sharon 2,760 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Table 6,243 

Tacoraa  Pass 3,430 

Tchopalik 7,200 

Yakima  Pa,ss 3,625 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feel. 

Calsisbell 2,110 

Goat  Lake 3,154 

Kachess 2,230 

Kitchelas 2,458 

Loon 2,440 

Medical 2,435 

Ratcheen 2,214 

Sister 2,449 

Walts 1,816 


South  American  Peaks. 


123 


WEST     VIRGINIA. 


""Places.  Feet. 

Bluefleld 2,557 

Blue  Sulphur  Springs    598 

Charleston 603 

Clarksburg 1,034 

Fairmont 888 

GraJton 997 

Greenbrier 1,530 

Harper's  Ferry 277 

Huntington 667 

Kanawha  Falls 669 


^Places.  Feet. 

Appleton 709 

Ashland 674 

Baraboo 861 

Bessemer 1,492 

Cable 1,428 

Casnovia 1,520 

Chelsea 1,528 

Chippewa  Falls 925 

Commonwealth 1,315 

Curtis 1,375 

Deer  Brook 1,536 

Dodgeville 1,249 

Dorchester 1,424 

Drummond 1,305 

Eau  Claire 840 

Elcho 1,639 


Places.  Feet. 

Cheyenne 6,054 

Cody 5,018 

Encamp'nt Mead's.   8,171 

Fort  Bridger 6,753 

Fort  Laramie 4,263 

Fort  Russell 6,165 

Fort  Sanders 7,175 

Fort  Steele 6,510 

Geyser  Basin 7,400 

Hooker 12,900 

Laramie 7,152 

Medicine  Bow 6,566 

Needles 9,700 

Piedmont 7,077 

Plney  Fort 7,680 

Sheridan 3,738 

Shoshone    Geyser 

Basin 7,837 

Sidney  Fort 4,106 

Tie  Siding 7,894 

Mountains.  Feet 

Abiathar 10,700 

Atkins 10,700 

Atlantic 12,794 

Bald 10,760 

Bannock 10,300 

Baronette 10,459 

Black  Butte 8,170 

Cathedral 10,600 


Places. 
Martinsburg. 
Morgan  town. 
Moundsville. 
Parkersburg. . 
Piedmont. . . . 
Princeton.  . . . 
Roanoke. . . . , 
Wheeling.  .  .  , 

Mountains. 
Bald  Knob. . , 


Feet.      Mountains.  ,  Feet. 

459  Bayard 4,150 

963  Bear  Wallow 4,030 

640  Beech  Wallow 4,161 

616  Bickle  Wallow 4,020 

928  Big  Spruce 4,652 

2,469  Buck  Knob 4,356 

1,053  Cold  Knob 4,318 

, . . .    645  Cunningham  Knob.  .4,481 

Feet.  Gibson  Knob 4,360 

4,242  Grassy  Knob 4.391 

WISCONSIN. 


Places.  Feet. 

Fond  du  Lac 780 

Gagen 1,645 

Green  Bay 691 

Hixoa 1,630 

Hurley 1,502 

Irma 1,509 

Janesville 802 

Kenosha 611 

La  Crosse 674 

Madison —867 

Manitowoc 692 

Marinette 611 

Menominee 807 

Milwaukee 742 

Osceola 810 


Places.  Feet. 

Park  Falls 1,497 

Plum  Lake 1,678 

Portage 813 

Prairie  du  Chien 659 

Racine 627 

Ripon 942 

St.  Croix  Falls 921 

Sheboygan 589 

Spooner 1,093 

Star  Lake 1,683 

Summit  Lake 1,729 

Superior 641 

Taylor's  Falls 890 

Waukesha 825 

Wausau ..1,219 

Worcester 1,608 


Oshkosh : 765 

WYOMING. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Joseph 10,300 

Langford 10,779 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Cedar 10,026 

Chauvenet 13,000 

Cheyenne  Pass.  .  .  .   8,791 
Chimney  Rock.  .  .  .11,853 

Chittenden 10,190 

Coffin 11,376 

Coulter 10,500 

Dead  Indian 12,253 

Delham 11,524 

Doane 10,713 

Elk 11,511 

Evans  Pass; 8,424 

Fawn  Pass 9,000 

Fremont 13,790 

Front 12,259 

Genie 12,546 

Grand  Encamp'nt. .  11,003 

Grand  Teton 13,671 

Gray 10,200 

Gros  ventre 11,570 

Hancock 10,235 

Hoback 10,818 

Holmes 10,528 

Humphreys 11,000 

Index 11,740 

Indian 10,929 

Ishawooa  Cone.  . . .  11,840 

Ishawooa  Pass 9,870 

Jones  Pass 9,400 


Leidy 11,177 

McDougall  Pass.  .  .   9,300 

Medicine  Butte 8,769 

Medicine 12,231 

Mill 10,506 

Moran 12,800 

Needle 12,130 

Norris 10,019 

Pollux ,...11,081 

Quadrant 10,127 

Saddle 10,678 

Sailor 10,046 

Schurtz 10,900 

Sheridan 10,385 

Silver  Tip 10,400 

Smoothface 10,500 

South  Pass 7,397 

Stevenson 10,420 

Sunlight 11,977 

Table 10,800 

Taghu  Pass 7,063 

Temple 13,249 

Teton  Pass 8,464 

Thompson  Pass 8,686 

Thorofare  Buttes..  .11,417 

Thunderer 10,300 

Turret ;.  .11,142 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Goodwin 11,600 

Victoria 11,500 

Greenland's  only  high 


Mountains. 

Feet.\ 

Citlaltepetl  (Peak  of 
Orizaba,  or  "Star 

Mountain") 

.18,250 

Popocatepetl 

("Smoky  Mt."). 

.  17,540 

Mountains. 

Feel. 

Aconcagua 

.23.290 

Tupungato 

.23,000 

Seehama 

,  22,340 

Cerro  del  Merced'io.22,000 

Llullayaco 

.21,500 

Chlmborazo 

.21,424 

Incancuassi 

.21,400 

Nevado  de  Sorata . 

.21,286 

Huascan 

.21,2.50 

CANADIAN 
IN   THE   ROCKY   AND 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Lefroy 11,400 

Balfour 10,875 

Peak  is  Peterman,  9,000 

MEXICAN 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Ixtaccihuatl 

(•White  Woman")  16,960 
Nevado  de  Toluca. .  14,950 
Malinche 13,460 


PEAKS. 

SELKIRK    RANGES. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Dawson 10,800 

Sir  Donald 10,645 

feet. 

PEAKS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Nauhcam  patepetl 

(Cofre  de  Perote).13,400 
N^evado  de  Colima..  14,100 
Volcan  de  Colima.  .  12,750 


Mountains.  Feet- 

Gregg  Knob 4,310 

Haines'  Knob 4,130 

High  Knob 4,710 

Hutton  Knob 4,260 

Job  Knob 4,359 

Little  Spruce 4,360 

Mike  Knob 4,276 

Sharp  Knob 4,545 

Spruce  Knob 4,860 

Yocum  Knob 4,330 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Blue  Mounds I,39i3- 

Garland  Spur 1,438, 

Gibraltar  Rock 1,240 

Little  Black 1,411 

Mount  Horeb 1,226 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Nebagen 1,137 

Paik  Falls 1,497 

Pelican 1,612 

Plum 1,678 

Rice 1,144 

Shell 1,240 

Solon  Springs 1,236 

Star • 1,683 

Three 1,664 

Turtle 1,255 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Union 11,593 

Virginia 10,444 

Volcanic  Cone 10,583 

Washakie  Needle..  .12,000 

Washburne 10,346 

West  Atlantic 12,634 

Whiskey 9,273 

Wind  River 13,499 

Windy 10,275 

Wyoming 11,490 

Yount 11,700 

Lakes,  Etc.  Feet. 

Beaver 7,415 

Beaulah 7,530 

Dome 8,822 

Gibbon 7,838 

Heart 7,475 

Herlng 7,530 

Lewis 7.720 

Madison 8,300 

Mammoth  Hot  S. . .   6,387 

Mary 8,336 

Mud  Geyser 7,725 

Riddle 8,000 

Rock  Springs 6,265 

Shoshone 7,740 

Sulphur  Springs 7,008 

Walbach  Springs...  6,927 
Yellow  Stone 7,741 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Bonney 10,625 

Stephen 10,425 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Tancitaro 12.650 

GUATEMALA. 

Tajamulco 13.800 

Tacana 13.300 


SOUTH     AMERICAN     PEAKS. 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Illlmani 21,181 

Veladeres 21,000 

Chuquibamba 21.000 

Parinacota 20,950 

Antofalla 20,900 

Nevado  de 

Famantina 20,700 

Juncal 20,500 

Azupede  Copiapo.  .19,700 


Mountains.  Feet. 

Cayambe 19,534 

Licancaur 19,521 

Cotopaxi 19,500 

Chlmborazo 20,498 

Chlplcanl ....18,898 

Arequipa 18,373 

Herveo 18,350 

Toilraa 18,320 

El  Potra 18,045 


Mountains.  Feet. 

HuUa 18,000 

Aconquija 17,740 

Maipo 17,421 

Ruiz 17,400 

Sangay 17,124 

Santa  Isabel 16,760 

Concha 15,400 

Coluna 15,400 


124  

EUROPEAN 

MARITIME  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Aiguille  de  Chambeyron 11,155 

Grand  Rioburent 11,142 

Rocca  deir  Argentera 10,617 

Polnte  Haute  de  Mary 10,537 

Cimi  del  Gelas 10,433 

The  lowest  carriage-road  pass  is 
Irom  Albenga  to  Garessio  (Col  dl 
San  Bernardo),  at  an  altitude  of 
3,301  feet.  The  bighest  pass  is  from 
Val  Tinea  to  Valdieri  (Col  dl 
Fremo  Morta),  a  bridle  path. 
COTTIAN  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Monte  Viso 12,605 

Monte  Cliardonnet 12,373 

Olamarella 12,081 

Mont  Albaroa 12,014 

Roche  Melon 11,621 

Mont  Tabor 10,436 

The  lowest  pass,  a  footpath.  Is 
from  Bardonneche  to  Briancon,  at 
an  altitude  of  5,873  feet.  Tlie 
highest  pass  thjit  is  a  footpath  is 
from  Crissola  to  Abrles,  9,827  feet 
high.  The-Mont  Canis  Pass,  where 
there  is  a  railroad  and  also  a  car- 
riage road.  Is  from  Susa  to  Lansle- 
bourg,  6,772  feet  up. 

DAUPHINE  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Pic  dea  Ecrins 13,462 

La  Melje 13,081 

Pic  d'  Allefrode 13,000 

Mont  Pelvoux 12,973 

Pied'  Olan 11,739 

The  highest'  footpath  across, 
9,154  feet  up,  is  by  the  Col  de 
Galiber,  from  Briancon  to  St. 
Michel.  The  only  carriage  road 
6,791  feet  high,  is  from  Monestier 
to  Bourg  d'  Oisans,  by  the  Col  de 
Lautaret. 

GRAIAN  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Grand  Parodls 13,300 

La  Grlvola -. . . . .  13,028 

Grand  Casse 12,780 

Mont  Pourrl ....'. 12,491 

Dent  Parassee 12,137 

There  is  ^  carriage  road  (7,192 
feet  jip),  through  the  Pass  of 
Little  St.  Bernard,  from  Bourg  St. 
Maurice  to  Aosta.  The  highest 
bridle-path  pass  (9,500  feet  up)  is 
through  the  Col  de  Lauzon,  from 
Cogne  to  Val  Savaranche. 
PENNINE  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Mont  Blanc  (Calotte) 15.781 

Mte.  Rosa 15,217 

Mlschabelhorner  (Dom.) ....  14,935 

Lys  Kamm 14,889 

Welsshorn 14,804 

Matterhorn 14,780 

Dent  Blanche.  .  .-. 14,318 

Grand  Combln 14,164 

Rothhorn  (Morning) 13,855 

Grandes  Jorasses 13,799 

Strahlhorn 13,750 

Dent  d'  Kerens 13.714 

Brelthorn 13,685 

Aiguille  Verte 13,527 

Gobelhorn 13,363 

AgulUe  de  Bionnaasay 13,324 

Welssmles . . . ; 13,225 

Fletschhorn 13,176 

Grand  Cornier 13,022 

There  Is  a  bridle  path  through 
Great  St.  Bernard  Pass  (8,120  feet 
up),  from  Orsleres  to  Aosta;  also 
one   through   the   Augstbord   Pass 


Altitudes  in  Africa. 


MOUNTAIN     PEAKS     AND     PASSES. 


Mountains  and  Cowury.  Feet. 

Ruwenzori 20,150 

Kilimanjaro  (2  pealts) :  1 —  1 

Kibo;  2 — Mawenzi,  Ger.  )  19,710 
E.  Africa J  17,570 


(9,515  feet  up),  from  Gruben  to  St 
Niklaus.  There  Is  a  carriage  road 
as  well  as  a  railroad  through  the 
Slmplon  Pass  (6,595  feet  up),  from 
Brieg  to  Dome  d'  Oasola.  In  this, 
as  in  other  ranges  of  the  Alps,  most 
of  the  high  passes  are  glaciers. 
BERNESE  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Finsteraarhorn 14,026 

Alestschhorn 13,803 

Jungfrau 13,671 

Monch 13,438 

Bletschhorn 12,969 

Wetterhorn  (Mlttelhorn) 12,166 

Balmhorn 12.100 

Blumlisalp 12.041 

Doldenhorn 11,965 

Galenstoclc 11.956 

Sustenhorn 11,519 

There   is   a   bridle-path   through 
the  Surenen  Pass   (7,562  feet  up) 
from  Engelberg  to  Altdorf,  and  one 
through  the  Susten  Pass  (7,440  feet 
up),  from  Meyringen  to  Wasen. 
NORTH  SWISS  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Todi 11.887 

Bifertenstoclt 11,237 

Scheerhorn 11,142 

Oberalpstock 10,925 

Segneshorn 10,870 

Clarldenstock 10,709 

Piz  Tumbif 10,663 

Haussstock 10,355 

There  is  a  carriage  road  througli 
the  Oberalp  Pass  (6,732  feet  up) 
from  Dlssentis  to  Andermatt,  and 
a  bridle  path  through  the  Panixer 
Pass  (7,907  feet  up),  from  Ilanz 
to  Elm. 

LEPONTINE  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Monte  Leone 11,696 

Plz  Valrhein 11,148 

Bllnnenhorn 10,932 

Monte  Basodine 10,748 

Tambohom 10,748 

Ofenhorn 10,728 

Wasenborn 10,628 

The  highest  footpath  (8,165  feet 
up),  is  through  the  Lochllberg  Pass, 
from  Relchenau  to  Splugen.  There 
is  a  carriage  road  through  the 
Furka  Pass  (7,992  feet  up),  fr5m 
Obergestelen  to  Hospenthal.  There 
is  a  carriage  road  and  a  railroad 
through  the  St.  Gothard  Pass 
(6,936  feet  up),  from  Hospenthal 
to  Airoio. 

RHAETIAN   ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Piz  Bernina 13,294 

Piz  Roseg 12,936 

Orteler  Spitze 12,814 

Konigs  Spitze 12,646 

Monte  Cevalde 12,505 

Monte  della  Disgrazia 12,074 

Pallon  della  Mare 12,038 

The  highest  bridle-path  is 
through  the  Sentimer  Pass  (7,582 
feet  up),  from  Casaccla  to  Molins. 
The  highest  footpath  is  through  the 
Sertlg  Pass  (9,062  feet  up),  from 
Scants  to  Bergun.  The  highest  car- 
riage road  is  through  the  Bernina 
Pass  (7,658  feet  up),  from  Pontre- 
slna  to  Poschlabo. 

LOMBARD  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Monte  Adamello 11,832 

Presanella  (Clma  di  Nardls). .  11,688 
Care  Alto 11,352 

ALTITUDES    IN    AFRICA. 

Ras  Dashan,  Abyssinia 15,150 

Ala  Goz,  Abyssinia 14,277 

Jabel  Ayashi,  Morocco 14,000 

Pico     de     Teide,     Tenerlffe 

(Canary  Islands) 12,200 


Crozzon  di  Laris 10,889 

There  is  a  carriage  road  through 
the  Tonale  Pass  (6,483  feet  up), 
from  Edolo  to  Val  di  Sole.  There 
is  a  footpath  (7,500  feet  up),  from 
Sondrio  to  Val  Serjana,  through 
the  Paso  del  Sal  to. 

VINDELICIAN  ALPS. 

Mountains.  ^  Feet. 

Zugspitz , 9,710 

Lavatscherspitz : 9,081 

There  is  a  carriage  road  through 
the  Arlberg  Pass  (5,902  feet  up), 
from  Bludenz  to  Landeok. 

NORTHERN  NORIC  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Dachsteln 9,845 

Thorstein 9,677 

Uebergossenealp 9,643 

Watzmann 8,988 

A  carriage  road  runs  through  the 
Thurn  Pass  (4,371  feet  up),  from 
Kitzbuhel  to  Mlttersill. 

CENTRAL  TYROL  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feel. 

Gross  Glockner 12,405 

Wild  Spitz 12,390 

Welskugel 12,277 

Gross  Venedlger 12,053 

There  is  a  carriage  road  through 
the  Reschen  Scheldeck  Pass  (4,596 
feet  up),  from  Landeo^t  to  Meran. 
STYRIAN  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Hafnereck 10.044 

Hoch  Goling 9,383 

Markkahrspitz 9,245 

Faschauner  Nock 9,130 

There  is  a  carriage  road  through 
the  Turrach  Pass  (5,825  feet  up), 
from  Feldklrchen  to  Tansweg. 
S.  TYROL  &  VENETIAN  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Marmolata 11,045 

Cimon  della  Pala 11,000 

Sorapis 10  798 

Monte  Tofana 10.724 

There  Is  a  carriage  road  tii  rough 
the   Passo  dl   Tresassi    (7,073  feet 
up),  from  Andraz  to  Cortina. 
SOUTHEASTERN  ALPS. 

Mountains.  Feet. 

Kellerwand 9,500 

Terglou 9,371 

Monte  Paralba 9,097 

Job  dl  Montasio 9,000 

There  is  a  carriage  road  through 
the    Cartischer    Joch    Pass    (5,363 
feet  up),  from  Sillian  to  Tilliach. 
THE  PYRENEES. 

Mountains.  Feet 

Maladetta 11,165 

Pic  des  Possets 11,045 

Mont  Perdu 10,994 

Pic  de  Vignemale 10,792 

Pic  Long 10,478 

Pic  d'  Estats 10,305 

Pic  d'  Oo 10,220 

Pic  de  Maupas 10,200 

Pic  de  Montcalm 10,103 

THE  CAUCASUS  RANGE 
(EUROPE — ASIA). 

Mountains.  Feet. 

El  Bruz 18,470 

Koshtan-tau 17,096 

Dykh-tau 17,052 

Shkara 17,038 

Yanga 16,880 

Kasbek 16,546 

Mizhlrgi-tau 15,932 

Tetnuld 15,918 

Ushba 15,409 

Adaikholih 15,274 

Alagoz 13,500 

AUSTRALASIA. 
Mountain  and  Country.  Feet. 

Charles  Louis.  Nevn  Guinea.  .18,000 
Cook,  New  Zealand 12,350 


Beclatation  of  JJntr^pentrrtuc.  125, 

(UNANIMOUSLY  ADOPTED  IN  CONGRESS,  JULY  4,  1776,  AT  PHILADELPHIA.) 

When,  in' the  Course  of  human  events,  it  becomes  necessary  for  one  people  to  dissolve  the  political' 
bands  which  have  connected  them  with  another,  and  to  assume  among  the  powers  of  the  earth,  the  separate 
and  equal  station  to  which  the  Laws  of  Nature  and  of  Nature's  God  «itit)es  them,  a  decent  respect  to  the 
opinions  of  mankind  requires  that  they  should  declare  the  causes  which  impel  them  to  the  separation. 

We  hold  these  truths  to  be  self-evident,  that  all  men  are  created  equal,  that  they  are  endowed  by  their, 
Creator  with  certain  unalienable  Rights,  that  among  these  are  Life,  Liberty  and  the  pursuit  of  Happiness./ 
That  to  secure  tnese  rights.  Governments  are  instituted  among  Men,  deriving  their  just  powers  from  the 
consent  of  the  governed,  Tliat  whenever  any  Form  of  Government  becomes  destructive  of  these  ends,  it 
Is  the  Right  of  the  People  to  alter  or  to  aljolish  it,  and  to  institute  new  Government,  laying  it."=  foundation  i 
on  such  principles  and  organizing  its  powers  in  such  form,  as  to  them  shall  seem  most  Ukely  to  effect  thelrl 
Safety  and  Happiness.  Prudence,  indeed,  will  dictaie  that  Governments  long  established  should  hot  be( 
changed  for  light  and  transient  causes;  and  accordingly  all  experience  hath  shewn,  that  manltind  are  more, 
disposed  to  suffer,  while  evils  are  sufferable,  than  to  right  themselves  by  abolishing  the  forms  to  whitV  tliey, 
are  accustomed.  But  when  a  long  train  of  abuses  and  u-surpations;  pursuing  invariably  the  same  e^jeXj 
evinces  a  design  to  reduce  them  under  absolute  Despotism,  Jt  is  their  right,  it  is  their  duty,  to  throw  off 
such  Government,  and  to  provide  new  Guards  for  their  future  security.  Such  has  been  the  patient  sufferance 
of  these  Colonies;  and  such  is  now  the  necessity  which  constrains  them  to  alter  their  former  Systems  of 
Government.  The  liistory  of  the  present  King  of  Great  Britain  is  a  history  of  repeated  injuries  and  usurpa- 
tions, all  having  in  direct  object  the  establishment  of  an  absolute  Tyranny  over  these  States.  To  prove 
this,  let  Facts  be  submitted  to  a  candid  world. 

He  has  refused  his  Assent  to  Laws,  the  most  wholesome  and  necessary  for  the  public  good. 

He  has  forbidden  his  Governors  to  pass  Laws  of  immediate  and  pressing  importance,  unless  suspended 
in  their  operation  till  his  Assent  should  be  obtained;  and  when  so  suspended,  he  has  utterly  neglected  to 
attend  to  them. 

He  has  refused  to  pass  other  Laws  for  the  accommodation  of  large  districts  of  people,  unless  those 
people  would  relinquish  t^.e  right  of  Representation  in  the  Legislature,  a  right  Inestimable  to  them  and 
formidable  to  tyrants  only. 

He  has  called  together  legislative  bodies  at  places  unusual,  uncomfortable,  and  distant  from  the  deposi- 
tory of  their  public  Records,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  fatiRuing  them  into  compliance  with  his  measures. 

He  has  dissolved  Representative  Houses  repeatedly,  for  opposing  with  manly  firmness  his  invasions 
on  the  rights  of  the  people. 

He  has  refused  for  a  long  time,  after  such  dissolutions,  to  cause  others  to  be  elected;  whereby  the 
Legislative  powers,  incapable  of  Annihilation,  .lave  returned  to  the  People  at  large  for  their  exercise;  the 
State  remaining  in  the  meantime  exposed  to  all  the  dangers  of  invasion  from  without,  and  convulsions  withJn. 

He  has  endeavored  to  prevent  the  population  of  these  States;  for  that  purpose  obstructing  the  Laws 
for  Naturalization  of  Foreigners;  refusing  to  pass  others  to  encourage  their  migrations  hither,  and  raising 
the  conditions  of  new  Appropriations  of  Lands. 

He  has  obstructed  the  Administration  of  Justice,  by  refusing  his  Assent  to  Laws  for  establishing 
Judiciary  Powers. 

He  has  made  Judges  dependent  on  his  Will  alone,  for  the  tenure  of  their  offices,  and  the  amount  and 
paymeni  gf  their  salaries. 

He  has  erected  a  multitude  of  New  Offices,  and  sent  hither  swarms  of  Officers  to  harass  our  people, 

fijid  6!Silj  out  ttlGlr  SUbSti3iIlC6  * 

He  has  Itept  among  us,  in  times  of  peace.  Standing  Armies  without  the  Consent  of  our  Legislature. 

He  has  affected  to  render  the  Military  independent  of  and  superior  to  the  Civil  power. 

He  has  combined  with  others  to  subject  us  to  a  jurisdiction  foreign  to  our  constitution,  and  unacknowl- 
edged by  our  laws;  giving  his  Assent  to  their  Acts  of  pretended  Legislation: 

For  quartering  large  bodies  of  armed  troops  among  us: 

For  protecting  them,  by  a  mock  Trial,  from  punishment  for  any  Murders  which  they  should  commit 
on  the  Inhabitants  of  these  States: 

For  cutting  off  our  Trade  with  all  parts  of  the  "world: 

For  imposing  Taxes  on  us  without  our  Consent:' 

For  depriving  us  in  many  cases,  of  the  benefits  of  Trial  by  jury: 

For  transporting  us  beyond  Seas  to  be  tried  for  pretended  offences: 

For  abolishing  the  free  System  of  English  Laws  in  a  neighboring  Province,  establishing  therem  an 
Arbitrary  government,  and  enlarging  its  Boundaries  so  as  to  render  it  at  once  an  example  and  fit  instrument 
for  introducing  the  same  absolute  rule  into  these  Colonies: 

For  taking  away  our  Charters,  abolishing  our  most  valuable  Laws,  and  altering  fundamentally  the 
Forms  of  our  Governments:  .  ,     ,  ,        .. 

For  suspending  our  own  Legislatures,  and  declaring  themselves  invested  with  power  to  legislate  for 
us  in  all  cases  whatsoever.  .  ,  .       „,  ,     ^ 

He  has  abdicajfced  Government  here,  by  declaring  us  out  of  his  Protection  and  waging  War  against  us. 

He  has  plundered  our  seas,  ravaged  our  Coasts,  burnt  our  towns,  and  destroyed  the  lives  of  our  people. 

He  is  at  this  time  transporting  large  Armies  of  foreign  Mercenaries  to  aomplete  the  works  of  death, 
desolation  and  tyranny,  already  begun  with  circumstances  of  Cruelty  &  perfidy  scarcely  paralleled  In  the 
most  barbarous  ages,  and  totally  unworthy  the  Head  of  a  civilized  nation.  . 

He  has  constrained  our  fellow-Citizens  taken  captive  on  the  high  Seas  to  bear  Arms  against  their 
Country,  to  become  the  executioners  of  their  friends  and  Brethren,  or  to  fall  themsfelves  by  their  Hands. 

He  has  .excited  domestic  insurrections  amongst  us,  and  has  endeavored  to  bring  on  the  inhabitants 
of  our  frontiers,  the  merciless  Indian  Savages,  whose  known  rule  of  warfare,  is  an  undistinguished  destruction 
of  all  ages,  sexes  and  conditions.  _    ,         .      ,  ^       ,_,    .  /^ 

In  every  stage  of  these  Oppressions  We  have  Petitioned  for  Redress  in  the  most  humble  terms:  Our 
repeated  Petitions  hav^Tjeen  answered  only  by  repeated  injury.  A  Prince,  whose  character  is  thus  marked 
by  every  act  which  may  define  a  Tyrant,  is  unfit  to  be  the  ruler  of  a  free  people.  ^    ^        ,         », 

Nor  have  we  been  wanting  in  attentions  to  our  British  brethren.  We  have  warned  them  from  time 
to  time  of  attempts  by  their  legislature  to  extend  an  unwarrantable  jurisdiction  over  us.  We  have  reminded 
them  of  the  circumstances  of  our  emigration  and  settlement  here.  We  have  appealed  to  their  native  justice 
and  magnanimity,  and  we  have  conjured  them  by  the  ties  of  our  common  kindred  to  disavow  these  usurpa- 
tions which  would  inevitably  interrupt  our  connections  and  correspondence.  They  too  have  been  deaf 
to  the  voice  of  Justice  and  of  consanguinity.  We  must,  therefore,  acquiesce  in  the  necessity,  which  denounces 
our  Set^aration,  and  hold  them,  as  we  hold  the  rest  of  mankind.  Enemies  in  War,  in  Peace  Friends. 

WE  THEREFORE,  the  Representatives  of  ttie  United  States  of  America,  in  General  Congress, 
Assembled,  appealing  to  the  Supreme  Judge  of  the  World  for  the  rectitude  of  our  intentions,  do,  in  the  Name, 
and  by  authority  of  the  good  People  of  thase  Colonies,  solemnly  publish  and  declare.  That  these  United 
Colonies  are,  and  of  Right  ought  to  be  free  and  independent  States;  that  they  are  Absolved  from  all 
Allegiance  to  the  British  Crown,  and  that  all  political  connection  between  them  and  the  State  of  Great 
Britain  is  and  ought  to  be  totally  dissolved;  and  that  as  free  and  independent  States,  they  have  lull 
Power  to  levy  War  conclude  Peace,  contract  Alliances,  establish  Commerce,  and  to  do  all  other  Acts  ana 
Things  which  independent  States  may  of  right  do.  And  for  the  support-  of  this  Declaration,  wltn  a 
firm  reliance  on  the  protection  of  Divine  Providence,  we  mutually  pledge  to  each  other  our  Lives,  our 
Fortunes,  and  our  sacred  Honor. 


126 


Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 


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EXTRACTS  FROM  HIS  ADDRESS  COUNSELLING  THE  MAINTENANCE  OF  THE  UNION  — 
CONFINEMENT  OF  THE  GENERAL  GOVERNMENT  TO  ITS  CONSTITUTIONAL  LIMITA- 
TIONS,  AND    AVOIDANCE   OF  RELATIONS   V^JITH   FOREIGN   POLITICAL   AFFAIRS, 

(To  the  People  of  the  United  States  on  His  Approaching  Retirement  from  the  Presidency.) 

Interwoven  as  Is  the  love  of  liberty  with  every  ligament  of  your  hearts,  no  recommendation  of  mine 
is  necessary  to  fortify  or  conflrm  the  attachment. 

The  unity  of  government  which  constitutes  you  one  people,  Is  also  now  dear  to  you.  It  ia  justly  so: 
for  it  is  a  main  pillar  in  the  edifice  of  your  real  independence— the  support  of  your  tranquillity  at  home, 
your  peace  abroad,  of  your  safety,  of  your  prosperity,  of  that  very  liberty  which  you  so  highly  prize.  But 
as  it  is  easy  to  foresee  that,  from  different  dauses  and  from  different  quarters,  much  pains  will  be  taken, 
many  artifices  employed,  to  weaken  in  your  minds  the  conviction  of  this  truth;  as  this  is  the  point  In  your 
political  fortress  against  which  the  batteries  of  internal  and  external  enemies  will  be  most  constantly  and 
actively  (though  often  covertly  and  in.sldlously)  directed — it  is  of  infinite  moment  that  you  should  properly 
estimate  the  immense  value  of  your  national  union  to  your  collective  and  individual  happiness;  that  you 
should  cherish  a  cordial,  habitual  and  immovable  attachment  to  it;. accustoming  yourselves  to  think  and 
speak  of  it  as  of  the  palladium  of  your  political  safety  and  prosperity;  watching  for  its  preservation  with 
jealous  anxiety;  discountenancing  whatever  may  suggest  even  a  suspicion  that  it  can  in  any  event  be 
a{}andoned;  and  indignantly  frowning  upon  the  first  dawning  of  every  attempt  to  alienate  any  portion  ol 
our  country  froni  the  rest,  or  to  enfeeble  the  sacred  ties  which  now  link  together  the  various  parts. 

For  this  you  nave  every  inducement  of  sympathy  and  interest.  Citizens  by  birth  or  choice  of  a  com- 
mon country,  that  country  has  a  right  to  concentrate  your  affections.  The  name  of  American,  which  belongs 
to  you,  in  your  national  capacity,  must  always  exalt  the  just  pride  of  patriotism,  more  than  any  appellation 
derived  from  local  discriminations.  With  slight  shades  of  difference,  you  have  the  same  religion,  manners, 
habits,  and  political  principles.  You  have,  in  a  common  cause,  fought  and  triumphed  together;  the  inde- 
pendence and  liberty  you  possess  are  the  work  of  joint  counsels  and  joint  efforts — of  common  dangers, 
sufferings,  and  successes. 

It  is  Important,  likewise,  that  the  habits  of  thinking  in  a  free  country  should  Inspire  caution  in  those 
intrusted  with  its  administration  to  confine  themselves  within  their  respective  constitutional  spheres, 
avoidins!,  in  the  exercise  of  the  powers  of  one  department,  to  encroach  upon  another.  The  spirit  of  encroach- 
ment tends  to  consolidate  the  powers  of  all  the  departments  in  one,  and  thus  to  create,  whatever  the  form 
of  government,  a  real  despotism.  A  just  estimate  of  that  love  of  power,  and  proneness  to  abuse  it  which 
predominates  in  the  human  heart,  is  sufficient  to  satisfy  us  of  the  truth  of  this  Doslllon.  The  necessity  of 
reciprocal  checks  in  the  exercise  of  political  power,  by  dividing  and  distributing  It' into  different  depositories, 
and  constituting  each  the  guardian  of  the  public  weal,  against  invasions  by  the  others,  has  been  evinced 
by  experiments,  ancient  and  modern;  some  of  them  in  our  country  and  under  our  own  eyes.  To  preserve 
them  must  be  as  necessary  as  to  institute  them.  If,  in  the  opinion  of  the  people,  the  distribution  or  modifi- 
cation of  the  coastitutional  powers  be,  in  any  particular,  wrong,  let  it  be  coiTected  by  an  amendment  In 
the  way  which  the  Constitution  designates.  But  let  there  be  no  change  by  usurpation;  for  though  this, 
in  one  instance,  may  be  the  instrument  of  good.  It  is  the  customary  weapon  by  which  free  governments 
are  destroyed.  The  precedent  must  always  greatly  overbalance,  in  permanent  evil,  any  partial  or  transient 
benefit  which  the  use  can,  at  any  time,  yield. 

Observe  good  faith  and  justice  towards  all  nations;  cultivate  peace  and  harmony  with  all.  Religion  and 
moraUty  enjoin  this  conduct;  and  can  it  be  that  good  policy  does  not  equally  enjoin  it?  It  will  be  worthy 
of  a  free,  enlightened,  and,  at  no  distant  period,  a  great  nation,  to  give  to  mankind  the  magnanimous  and 
too  novel  example  of  a  people  always  guided  by  an  exalted  justice  and  benevolence.  Who  can  doubt  that, 
in  the  course  of  time  and  things,  the  fruits  of  such  a  plan  would  richly  repay  any  temporarv  advantages 
which  might  be  lost  by  a  steady  adherence  to  it?  Can  it  be  that  Providence  has  not  connected  the  per- 
manent felicity  of  a  nation  with  its  virtue?  The  experiment,  at  least,  is  recommended  by  every  sentiment 
which  ennobles  human  nature.     Alasl  is  It  rendered  Impossible  by  its  vices? 

ENTANGLEMENTS    WITH    FOREIGN    POWERS. 

Against  the  insidious  wiles  of  foreign  influence,  I  conjure  you  to  believe  me,  feUo',? -citizens,  the  jealousy 
of  a  free  people  ought  to  constantly  awake;  since  history  and  experience  prove  tliitl  foreign  influence  is 
one  of  the  most  baneful  foes  of  republican  government.  But  that  jealousy  to  be  lisetul,  must  be  impartial; 
else  :t  becomes  the  instrument  of  the  very  influence  to  be  avoided,  instead  of  a  defence  against  it.  Excessive 
partiality  for  one  foreign  nation,  and  excessive  dislike  of  another,  cause  those  whom  they  actuate  to  see 
danger  only  on  one  side,  and  serve  to  veil,  and  even  second,  the  arts  of  influence  on  the  other.  Real  patriots, 
who  may  resist  the  intrigues  of  the  favorite,  are  liable  to  become  suspected  and  odious,  while  its  tools  and 
dupes  usurp  the  applause  and  confidence  of  the  people,  to  surrender  their  interests. 

The  great  rule  of  conduct  for  us,  in  regard  to  foreign  nations,  is,  in  extending  our  commercial  relations, 
to  have  with  them  as  little  political  connection  as  possible.  So  far  as  we  have  already  formed  engagements, 
let  them  be  fulfilled  witfi  perfect  good  faith.     Here  let  us  stop. 

Europe  has  a  set  of  primary  interests,  which  to  us  have  none,  or  a  very  remote  relation.  Hence  she  must 
be  engaged  in  frequent  controversies,  the  causes  of  which  are  essentially  foreign  to  our  concerns.  Hence, 
therefore,  it  must  be  unwise  in  us  to  implicate  ourselves,  by  artificial  ties,  in  the  ordinary  vicissitudes  of  her 
politics,  or  the  ordinary  combinations  and  collisions  of  her  friendships  or  enmities. 

Our  detached  and  distant  situation  invites  and  enables  us  to  pursue  a  different  course.  If  we  remain 
one  people  under  an  eflficient  government,  the  period  is  not  far  off  when  we  may  defy  material  injury  from 
external  annoyance;  when  we  may  take  such  an  attitude  as  will  cause  the  neutrality  we  may  at  any  time 
resolve  upon,  to  be  scrupulously  respected;  when  belligerent  nations^  under  the  impossibility  of  making 
acquisitions  upon  us,  will  not  lightly  hazard  the  giving  us  provocation;  when  we  may  choose  peace  or  war, 
as  our  interest,  guided  by  justice,  shall  counsel. 

Wljy  forego  the  advantages  of  so  peculiar  a  situation?  Why  quit  our  own  to  .stand  upon  foreign  ground? 
Why,  by  interweaving  our  destiny  with  that  of  any  part  of  Europe,  entangle  our  peace  and  prosperity  in 
the  toi's  of  European  ambition,  rivalship,  interest,  humor,  or  caprice? 

'lis  our  true  policy  to  steer  clear  of  permanent  alliances  with  any  portion  of  the  foreign  world;  so  far, 
I  mean,  as  we  are  now  at  liberty  to  do  it;  for  let  me  not  be  understood  as  capable  of  patronizing  infidelity 
to  existing  engagements.  I  hold  the  maxim  no  less  applicable  to  public  than  to  private  affairs,  that  honesty 
is  always  the  best  policy.  I  repeat  it.  therefore,  let  those  engagements  be  observed  in  their  genuine  sense. 
But,  in  my  opinion,  it  is  unnecessary  and  would  be  unwise  to  extend  them. 

Taking  care  always  to  keep  ourselves,  by  suitable  establishments,  on  a  respectably  defensive  posture, 
we  may  safely  trust  to  temporary  alliances  for  extraordinary  emergencies. 

In  offering  to  you,  my  countrymen,  these  counsels  of  an  old  and  affectionate  friend,  I  dare  not  hope  that 
they  will  make  the  strong  and  lasting  impression  I  could  wish;  that  they  will  control  the  usual  current  of  the 
passions,  or  prevent  our  nation  from  running  the  course  which  hitherto  has  marked  the  destiny  of  nations; 
but  If  I  may  even  flatter  myself  that  they  may  be  productive  of  some  partial  benefit,  some  occasional  good; 
that  they  may  now  and  then  recur  to  moderate  the  fury  of  party  spirit,  to  warn  against  the  mischiefs  of 
foreign  intrigues,  to  guard  against  the  impostures  of  pretended  patriotism,  this  hope  will  be  full  recompense 
for  the  solicitude  for  your  welfare  by  which  they  have  been  dictated. 

United  States,  September  17.  1796.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON. 


128 


Famous  Waterfalls  of  the  World. 


THE    CAPITOL.  AT    WASHINGTON. 

THE  Capitol  is  situated  In  latitude  38°  53'  20" A  north  and  longitude  77°  00'  35".7  west  from  Greenwich. 
It  fronts  east,  and  stands  on  a  plateau  eighty-eight  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Potomac.  The  entire  length 
of  the  building  from  north  to  south  is  seven  hundred  and  fifty-one  feet  four  inches,  and  its  greatest  dimension 
from  east  to  west  three  hundred  and  fifty  feet.  The  area  covered  by  the  building  is  153,112  square  feet. 
The  dome  of  the  original  central  building  was  constructed  of  wood,  covered  with  copper.  This  was  replaced 
In  1856  by  the  present  structure  of  cast  iron.  It  was  completed  In  1865.  The  entire  weight  of  iron  used 
is  8,909,200  pounds.  The  dome  is  crowned  by  a  bronze  statue  of  Freedom,  which  is  nineteen  feet  six 
Inches  high  and  weighs  14,985  pounds.  It  was  modelled  by  Crawford.  The  height  of  the  dome  above 
the  base  line  of  the  east  front  is  two  hundred  and  eighty-seven  feet  five  Inches.  The  height  from  the  top 
of  the  balustrade  of  the  building  Is  two  hundred  and  seventeen  feet  eleven  inches.  The  greatest  diameter 
at  the  base  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  feet  five  inches. 

The  rotunda  is  ninety-seven  feet  six  inches  in  diameter,  and  its  height  from  the  floor  to  the  top  of  the 
canopy  Is  one  hundred  and  eighty  feet  three  inches.  The  Senate  Chamber  is  one  hundred  and  thirteen 
teet  three  inches  In  length,  by  eighty  feet  three  Inches  in  width,  and  thirty-six  feet  in  height.  The  galleries 
will  accommodate  one  thousand  persons.  The  Representatives'  Hall  is  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  feet 
In  length,  by  ninety-three  feet  in  width,  and  thirty-six  feet  in  height.  The  southeast  cornerstone  of  the 
original  building  was  laid  September  18,  1793,  by  President  Washington  with  Masonic  ceremonies.  The 
corner-stone  of  the  extensions  was  laid  July  4,  1851,  by  President  Fillmore.  The  room  now  occupied  by 
the  Supreme  Court  was,  until  1859,  occupied  as  the  Senate  Chamber.  Previous  to  that  time  the  court 
occupied  the  room  immediately  beneath,  now  used  as  a  law  library. 


LINCOLN'S    GETTYSBURG    SPEECH. 

(Address  at  the  Dedication  of  the  National  Cemetery,  November  19,  1863.) 

FotmscoRE  and  seven  years  ago  our  fathers  brought  forth  on  this  continent,  a  new  nation,  conceived 
In  liberty,  and  dedicated  to  the  proposition  that  all  men  ^re  created  equal. 

Now  we  are  engaged  in  a  great  civil  war,  testing  whether  that  nation,  or  any  nation  so  conceived  and 
30  dedicated,  can  long  endure.  We  are  met  on  a  great  battlefield  of  that  war.  We  have, come  to  dedicate 
a  portion  of  that  field,  as  a  final  resting-place  of  those  who  here  gave  their  lives  that  that  nation  might 
live.     It  Is  altogether  fitting  and  proper  that  we  should  do  this. 

But,  In  a  larger  sense,  we  cannot  dedicate — we  cannot  co.nsecrate — we  cannot  hallow — this  ground. 
The  brave  men,  living  and  dead,  who  struggled  here,  have  consecrated  it,  far  above  our  poor  power  to  add 
or  detract.  The  world  will  little  note,  nor  long  remember  what  we  say  here,  but  it  can  never  forget  what 
they  did  here.  It  is  for  us  the  living,  rather,  to  be  dedicated  here  to  the  unfinished  worlj  which  they  who 
fought  here  have  thus  far  so  nobly  advanced.  It  Is  rather  for  xis  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great  task 
remaining  before  us — that  from  these  honored  dead  we  take  Increased  devotion  to  that  cause  for  which 
they  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion — that  we  here  highly  resolve  that  these  dead  shall  not  have 
dIedSn  vain — that  this  nation,  under  God.  shall  have  a  new  birth  of  freedom — and  that  government  of 
the  people,  by  the  people,  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth.  [An  accurate  version  of  the 
Gettysburg  Address  as  revised  by  Mr.  Lincoln  and  printed  In  "Autographs  of  Our  Country's  Authors," 
Baltimore.  1864.) 


STATE    FLOWERS. 

Name 

OP 

State. 

Name  ol  Flower. 

By 
Whom 
Chosen. 

Name 

OF 

State. 

Name  of  Flower. 

By 
Whom 
Chosen. 

Name 

OF 

State. 

Name  of  Flower. 

By 
Whom 
Chosen. 

Ala 

Ariz.... 

Ark 

Cal 

Golden  Rod 

Sahuaro  or  G.  C. 
Apple  Blossom .  . 
Golden  Poppy. . . 

Columbine 

Mountain  Laurel 
Peach  Blossom . . 
No  choice 

Schools. 

Legisl. 

Legisl. 

I>egisl. 

Schools. 

Legisl. 

Legisl. 

Me 

Md  .  .  .  . 
Mass.  .  , 
Mich.  .  . 
Minn.  .  . 
Miss.   .  . 
Mo.  .   .  . 
Mont.  . . 
Neb..  .. 
Nev. .  . . 
N.  H.  .. 
N.  .f..  .  . 
N.  Mex. 
N.  Y.  .  . 
N.  C.  . 
N.  Dak. 

Pine  Cone  &T'sl. 
Blackeyed  Susan 
May  Flower.  .  .  . 
Apple  Blossom.  . 
Moccasin  Flower 

Magnolia 

No  choice 

Schools. 

Legisl. 

Legisl. 

Legisl. 

I^eglsl. 

Schools. 

Ohio.  .  . 
Okia .  .  . 

Ore 

Penn. . . 
R.  1.... 
S.  C... 
S.  Dak.. 
Tenn. . . 
Texas .  . 
Utah . .  . 

Vt 

Va 

Wash... 
W.  Va. . 

Wis 

Wym. .  . 

Scarlet  Carnafn 

Mistletoe 

Oregon  Grape.. . 
No  choice 

Legisl. 
Legisl. 
Legisl. 

Col.  ■  . 

Violet 

Schools. 

Ct   ... 

No  choice 

Del.  .  . 

Pasque  Flower.  . 
No  choice 

Legisl. 

D.  of  C 

Bitter  Root 

Goldenrod 

Sagebrush 

Legisl. 
Legisl. 
People. 

Fla 

Ga 

Orange  Blossom. 
Cherokee  Rose. . 

Syringa 

Violet 

Legisl. 
Legisl. 
People. 
Legisl. 
Legisl. 
People. 
Legisl. 
People. 
Legisl. 

Bluebonnet 

Sego  Lily 

Red  Clover 

Dogwood 

Rhododendron.  . 
Rhododendron. . 

Violet 

Indian  PaintB'sh 

Legisl. 
Legisl. 
Legisl. 

Ill 

Legisl. 

Ind. . .. 

Carnation 

Wild  Rose 

Sunflower 

Trumpet  Vine. . . 
Magnolia 

Schools. 
Schools. 
People. 
Legisl. 

People. 
Legisl. 

la 

Kan  . . . 

Daisy 

Schools. 

Ky 

La 

WUd  Prairie  Rose 

Legisl. 

FAMOUS    WATERFALLS    OF    THE    WORLD. 


Name  and  Location. 


Heigiit 
in  feet. 


Name  and  Location. 


Height 
In  feet 


Name  and  Location. 


Height 
in  feet. 


Gavamie,  France 1,385 

Grantf ,  Labrador 2,000 

Minnehaha,  Minnesota 50 

Missouri,  Montana 90 

MontmorencI,  Quebec 265 

Multnomah,  Oregon 850 

Murchlson,  Africa 120 

Niagara,  New  York-Ontario. .     164 

Rlukan,  Norway 780 

Schaflhausen,  Switzerland. ...     100 


Seven  Falls,  Colorado 266 

Skjaeggedalslos,  Norway 530 

Shoshone,  Idaho 210 

Snoqualmle,  Washington 268 

Staubbach,  Switzerland 1,000 

Stirling,  New  Zealand 500 

Sutherland,  New  Zealand ....  1 ,904 
Takkakaw.  Brlfh  Columbia...  1,200 
Twin,  Idaho 180 


Vettis,  Norway 950 

Victoria,  Africa 400 

Voringfos,  Norway 600 

Yellowstone  (upper)  Montana.  110 

Yellowstone  (lower)  Montana.  310 

Ygnas-gu,  Brazil 210 

Yosemite  (upper)  California..  .1,436 

Yo.semite  (middle) ,  California .  626 

Yosemite  (lower) ,  California .  .  400 


HEIGHT    OF    YOSEMITE    WATERFALLS    ABOVE    SEA    LEVEL. 
The  height  In  feet  above  sea  level  of  the  waterfalls  in  Yosemite  Valley  is  as  follows — Upper  Yosemite, 
6,525;  Lower  Yosemite,  4,420;  Nevada,  5,907;  Vernal,  5,044;  IlUlouette,  5,816;  Bridalvell,  4,787;  Ribbon, 
7,008;  Widows  Tears,  6,466. 


Constitution  of  the  United  States.  129 

(S^onntitution  of  tlje  sauitetr  .States, 

THE  Constitution  originally  consisted  of  a  Preamble  and  seven  Articles,  and  in  that  form  was  "'Done 
in  Con^'ention  by  the  Unanimous  Consent  of  the  States  present  the  Seventeenth  Day  of  September  in  the 
Year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  seven  hundred  and  Eighty  seven  and  of  the  Independence  of  the  United 
States  of  America  the  Twelfth."  The  Constitution  was  declared  in  effect  on  the  first  Wednesday  in  March, 
1789.    The  signers  of  the  original  Constitution,  by  virtue  of  their  membership  in  Congress,  were: 

Go.  WASHINGTON.  PreHdt.  and  deputy  .now  Virginia.  New  Hampshire — John  Langdon,  Nicholas 
Gllman.  Massachusetts — Nathaniel  Gorhara,  Rufus  ■  King.  Connecticut — Wm.  Saml.  Johnson, 
Roger  Sherman.  New  York — Alexander  Hamilton.  New  Jersey — Wil.  Livingston,  David  Brearley.  Wm. 
Patterson,  Jona.  Dayton.  Pennsylvania — B.  Franhiln,  Robt.  Morris,  Thos.  Fitzsimons,  James  Wilson, 
Thomas  Mifflin,  Geo.  Clymer,  Jared  Ingersoll,  Gouv.  Morris.  Delaware — Geo.  Read,  John  Dickinson, 
Jaco.  Broom,  Gunning  Bedford  jun,  Richard  Bassett.  Maryland — James  McHenry.  Danl.  Carroll,  Dan. 
of  St.  Thos.  Jenifer.  Virginia — John  Blair,  James  Madison,  Jr.  North  Carolina — Wm.  Blount,  Hii. 
Williamson,  RIchd.  Dobbs  Spaight.  South  Carolina — J.  Rutledge,  Charles  Pinckney,  Charles  Cotesworth 
Pinckney,  Pierce  Butler.     Georgia — William  Few,  Abr.  Baldwin.    Attest:   Willia.m  Jackson,  Secrrlarv. 

The  Constitution  was  ratified  by  the  thirteen  original  States  in  the  following  order: 

South  Carolina,  May  23,  1788,  vote  149  to  73. 
New  Hampshire,  June  21,  1788,  vote  57  to  46. 
Virginia,  June  25,  1788,  vote  89  to  79. 
New  York,  July  26,  1788,  vote  30  to  28. 


Delaware,  December  7,  1787,  unanimously. 
Pennsylvania,  December  12.  1787,  vote  46  to  23. 
New  Jersey,  December  18,  1787,  unanimously. 
Georgia,  January  2,  1788,  unanimously. 
Connecticut,  January  9,  1788.  vote  128  to  40. 
Massachusetts,  February  6,  1788.  vet"  187  to  168. 
Maryland,  April  28,  1788,  vote  63  to  12. 


North  Carolina,  November  21,  1789,  vote  193  to  75. 
Rhode  Island,  May  29,  1790,  vote  34  to  32. 


THE    CONSTITUTION, 

PREAMBLE. 

We,  the  people  of  the  United  States,  in  order  to  form  a  more  perfect  Union,  establish  justice,  insure 
domestic  tranquillity,  provide  for  the  common  defence,  promote  the  general  welfare,  and  secure  the  blessings 
of  liberty  to  ourselves  and  our  posterity,  do  ordain  and  establish  this  Constitution  for  the  United  States 
of  America. 

ARTICLE     I. 
Section'l — (Legislative  powers:  in  whom  vested.) 
All  legislative  powers  herein  gi'anted  shall  be  vested  in  a  Congress  of  the  United  States,  which  shall 
consist  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives. 

Section  2 — (House  of  Representatives,  how  and  by  whom  chosen.    Qualifl 
cations  of  a  Representative.   Representatives  and  direct  taxes,  how  apportioned. 
Enumeration.     Vacancies  to  be  filled.     Power  of  choosing  officers,  and  of  im- 
peachment.) 
■    1.  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  be  composed  of  members  chosen  every  second  year   by   the 
people  of  the  several  States,  and  the  electors  in  each  State  shall  have  the  qualifications  requisite  for  electors 
of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  I.,egislature. 

2.  No  person  shall  be  a  Representative  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  twenty-five  years. 
and  been  seven  years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of 
that  State  in  which  he  shall  be  chosen. 

3.  Representatives  and  direct  taxes  shall  be  anportioned  among  the  several  States  which  may  be 
Included  within  this  Union  according  to  their  respective  numbers,  which  shall  be  determined  by  adding 
to  the  whole  number  of  free  persons,  including  those  bound  to  service  for  a  term  of  years,  and  excluding 
Indians  not  taxed,  three-fifths  of  all  other  persons.  The  actual  enumeration  shall  be  made  within  three 
years  after  the  first  meeting  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  and  within  every  subsequent  term  of 
ten  years,  in  such  manner  as  they  shall  by  law  direct.  The  number  of  Representatives  shall  not  exceed 
one  for  every  thirty  thousand,  but  each  State  shall  have  at  least  one  Representative;  and  until  such  enumera- 
tion shall  be  made,  the  State  of  New  Hampshire  shall  be  entitled  to  choose  3;  Massachusetts,  8;  Rhode 
Island  and  Providence  Plantations,  1;  Connecticut,  5;  New  York,  6;  New  Jersey,  4;  Pennsylvania,  S; 
Delaware,  1;  Maryland,  6;  Virginia,  10;  North  Carolina,  5;  South  Carolina,  5,  and  Georgia,  3.* 

4.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  from  any  State,  the  Executive  Authority  thereof 
shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  fill  such  vacancies. 

5..  The  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  their  Speaker  and  other  officers,  and  shall  have  the  sole 
power  of  impeachment. 

Section  3 — (Senators,  how  and  by  whom  chosen.  How  classified.  State 
Executive,  when  to  make  temporary  appointments,  in  case,  etc.  Qualifications 
of  a  Senator.  President  of  the  Senate,  his  right  to  vote.  President  pro  tem., 
and  other  officers  of  the  Senate,  how  chosen.  Power  to  try  impeachments. 
When  President  is  tried.  Chief  Justice  to  preside.    Sentence.) 

1.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators  from  each  State,  chosen  by  the 
Legislature  thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote.  ^    ...  j 

2.  Immediately  after  they  shall  be  assembled  in  consequence  of  the  first  election,  they  shall  bo  divided 
as  equally  as  may  be  into  three  classes.  The  seats  of  the  Senators  of  the  first  class  shall  be  vacated  at 
the  expiration  of  the  second  year,  of  the  second  class  at  the  expiration  of  the  fourth  year,  and  of  the  thud 
class  at  the  expiration  of  the  sixth  year,  so  that  one-third  may  be  chosen  every  second  year;  and  if  vacancies 
happen  by  resignation,  or  otherwise,  during  the  recess  of  the  Legislature  of  any  State,  the  Executive  thereof 
may  make  temporary,  appointment  until  the  next  meeting  of  the.  Legislature,  which  shall  then  fill  such 
vacancies. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty  years,  and  been  nine 
years  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  who  shall  not,  when  elected,  be  an  inhabitant  of  that  State  for 
which  he  shall  be  chosen.  ,         ,    ,.  . 

4.  The  Vice-President  of  the  United  States  shall  be  President  of  the  Senate,  but  shall  have  no  vote 
unless  they  be  equally  divided.  .     ,  „     .^  ,     ^i.      i,  , 

5.  The  Senate  shall  choose  their  other  officers,  and  also  a  President  pro  tempore,  in  the  absence  of 
the  Vice-President,  or  when  he  shall  exercise  the  office  of  President  of  the  United  States. 

6.  The  Senate  shall  have  the  sole  power  to  try  all  impeachments.     When  sitting  for  that  purpose, 

*Bee  Article  XIV.,  Amendments. 


130  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

they  shall  be  on  oath  or  aOlrmation.  When  the  Prealdent  of  the  United  States  is  tried,  the  Chief  Justice 
shall  preside;  and  no  person  shall  be  convicted  without  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 
7.  Judgment  of  cases  of  impeachment  shall  not  extend  further  than  to  removal  from  oflBce,  and  dis- 
qualification to  hold  and  enjoy  any  office  of  honor,  trust,  or  profit  under  the  United  States;  but  the  party 
convicted  shall  nevertheless  be  liable  and  subject  to  indictment,  trial,  judgment,  and  punishment,  according 
to  law. 

Section  4 — (Times,  etc.,  of  holding  elections,  how  prescribed.  One  Session 
In  eacli  year.) 

1.  The  times,  places,  and  manner  of  holding  elections  for  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  be  pre- 
scribed In  each  State  by  the  Legislature  thereof;  but  the  Congress  may  at  any  time  by  law  make  or  alter 
such  regulations,  except  as  to  places  of  choosing  Senator,'?.  '' 

2.  The  Cougre.ss  shall  assemble  at  least  once  in  every  year,  and  such  meeting  shall  be  on  the  first 
Monday  iu  December,  unless  thev  shall  by  law  appoint  a  diiterent  day. 

Sectiou  5 — (Membership.  Quorum.  Adjournments.  Rules.  Power  to 
punish  or  expel.    Journal.    Time  of  adjournments,  how  limited,  etc.) 

1.  Each  House  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  elections,  returns,  and  qualiflcations  of  its  own  members,  and 
a  majority  of  each  shall  constitute  a  quorum  to  do  business;  but  a  smuUsr  number  may  adjourn  from  day 
to  day,  and  may  be  authorized  to  compel  the  attendance  of  absent  members  in  such  manner  and  under 
such  penalties  as  each  House  may  provide. 

2.  Each  House  may  determine  the  rules  of  its  proceedings,  punish  its  members  tor  disorderly  behavior, 
and  with  the  concurrence  of  two-thirds  expel  a  member. 

3.  Each  House  shall  keep  a  journal  of  its  proceedings,  and  from  time  to  time  publish  the  same,  excepting 
such  parts  as  may  In  their  judgment  require  secrecy;  and  the  yeas  and  nays  of  the  members  of  either  House 
on  any  question  shall,  at  the  desire  of  one-fifth  of  those  present,  be  entered  on  the  journal. 

4.  Neither  House,  during  tlie  session  of  Congress,  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  other,  adjourn  for 
more  than  three  days,  nor  to  any  other  place  than  that  in  which  the  two  Houses  shall  be  sitting. 

Section  6 — (Compensation.    Privileges.    Disqualification  in  certain  cases.) 

1.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  shall  receive  a  compensation  for  theiv  services,  to  be  ascertained 
by  law,  and  paid  out  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States.  They  shall  in  all  cases,  except  treason,  felony, 
and  breach  of  the  peace,  be  privileged  from  arrest  during  their  attendance  at  the  session  of  their  respective 
Houses,  and  In  going  to  and  returning  from  the  same;  and  for  any  gpeecli  or  debate  in  either  House  they 
shall  not  be  questioned  in  any  other  place. 

2.  No  Senator  or  Representative  shall,  during  the  time  for  which  he  was  elected,  be  appointed  to  any 
civil  office  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States  which  shall  have  been  created,  or  the  emoluments 
whereof  shall  have  been  increased  during  such  time;  and  no  person  holding  any  oftice  under  the  United 
States  shall  be  a  member  of  either  House  during  his  continuance  iu  oIBce. 

Section  7 — (House  to  originate  all  revenue  bills.  Veto.  Bill  may  be 
passed  by  two-thirds  of  each  house,  notwithstanding,  etc.  BIH,  not  returned 
in  ten  days,  to  become  a  law.   Provisions  as  to  orders,  concurrent  resolutions,  etc.) 

1.  All  bills  for  raising  revenue  shall  originate  in  the  House  of  Representatives,  but  the  Senate  may 
propose  or  conciu-  with  amendments,  as  on  other  bills. 

2.  Every  bill  which  shall  have  passed  the  House  of  Representatives  and  the  Senate  shall,  before  it 
becomes  a  law,  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States;  if  he  approve,  he  shall  sign  it,  but  if 
not.  he  shall  return  it,  with  his  objections,  to  that  House  in  which  it  shall  have  originated,  who  shall  enter 
the  objections  at  large  on  their  journal,  and  proceed  to  reconsider  it.  If  after  such  reconsifleration  two- 
thirds  of  that  House  shall  agree  to  pass  the  bill,  it  shall  be  sent,  together  with  the  ob'ections,  to  thy  other 
House,  by  which  it  shall  likewise  be  reconsidered;  and  if  approved  by  two-thirds  of  that  House  it  shall 
become  a  lav.'.  But  in  all  such  cases  the  votes  of  both  Houses  shall  be  determined  by  yeas  and  nays,  and 
the  names  of  the  persons  voting  for  and  against  the  bill  shall  be  entered  on  the  journal  of  eacli  House 
respectively.  If  any  bill  shall  not  be  returned  by  the  President  within  ten  days  (Sundays  excepted)  after 
it  shall  have  been  presented  to  him,  the  same  shall  be  a  law  in  like  maimer  as  if  he  had  signed  it,  unless 
the  Congress  by  their  adjournment  prevent  its  return;  in  which  case  it  shall  not  be  a  law. 

3.  Every  order,  resolution,  or  \'ote  to  which  the  concurrence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives 
may  be  necessary  (except  on  a  question  of  adjournment)  sliall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United 
States;  and  before  the  same  shall  take  effect  shall  be  approved  by  him,  or  being  disapproved  by  him.  shall 
be  repassed  by  two-thirds  of  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives,  according  to  the  rules  and  limi- 
tations prescribed  in  the  case  of  a  bill. 

Section  8 — (Powers  of  Congress.) 

1.  The  Congress  shall  have  power: 

To  lay  and  collect  taxes,  duties,  imposts,  and  excises,  to  pay  the  debts  and  provide  for  the  common 
defence  and  general  welfare  of  the  United  States;  but  all  duties,  imposts,  and  excises  shall  be  uniform 
throughout  the  United  States. 

2.  To  borrow  money  on  the  credit  of  the  United  States. 

3.  To  regulate  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  and  among  the  several  States,  and  with  the  Indian  tribes. 

4.  To  establish  an  uniform  rule  of  naturalization  and  uniform  laws  on  the  subject  of  bankruptcies 
throughout  the  United  States. 

5.  To  coin  money,  regulate  the  value  thereof,  and  of  foreign  coin,  and  fix  the  standard  of  weights  and 
measures. 

6.  To  provide  for  the  punishment  of  counterfeiting  the  securities  and  current  coin  of  the  United  States. 

7.  To  establish  post-offlces  and  post-roads. 

8.  To  promote  the  progress  of  science  and  useful  arts  by  securing  for  limited  times  to  authors  and 
inventors  the  exclusive  r^hts  to  their  respective  writings  and  discoveries. 

9.  To  constitute  tribunals  interior  to  the  Supreme  Coui-t. 

10.  To  define  and  punish  piracies  and  felonies  committed  on  the  high  seas,  and  offences  against  the 
law  of  nations. 

11.  To  declare  war,  grant  letters  of  manrae  and  reprisal,  and  make  rules  concerning  captures  on  land 
and  water. 

12.  To  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appropriation  Of  money  to  that  use  shall  be  for  a  longer  term 
than  two  years. 

13.  To  provide  and  maintain  a  navy. 

14.  To  make  rules  for  the  government  and  regulation  of  the  land  and  naval  forces. 

15.  To  provide  for  calling  forth  the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Union,  suppress  insurrections, 
and  repel  Invasions. 

16.  To  provide  for  organizing,  arming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  governing  such  part  of  them 
as  may  be  employed  in  the  service  of  the  United  States,  reserving  to  the  States  respectively  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  offlcera,  and  the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress. 

17.  To  exercise  exclusive  legislation  in  all  cases  whatsoever  over  such  district  (not  exceeding  ten  miles 


Constitution  of  the  United  States.  131 

square)  as  may,  by  cession  of  particular  States  and  the  acceptance  of  Congress,  become  the  seat  of  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States,  and  to  exercise  like  authority  over  all  places  purchased  by  the  consent  of  the 
Legislature  of  the  State  in  which  the  same  shall  be,  for  the  erection  of  forts,  magazines,  arsenals,  dry-docks, 
and  other  needful  buildings. 

18.  To  make  all  laws  which  shall  be  necessary  and  proper  for  carrying  into  execution  the  foregoing 
powerrf  and  all  other  powers  vested  by  this  Constitution  in  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  la 
any  department  or  officer  thereof. 

Section  9 — (Provision  as  to  migration  or  importation  of  certain  persons. 
Habeas  Corpus.  Bills  of  attainder,  etc.  Taxes,  how  apportioned.  No  export 
duty.  No  commercial  preference.  Money,  how  drawn  from  treasury,  etc. 
No  titular  nobility.     Officers  not  to  receive  presents,  etc.) 

1.  The  migration  or  importation  of  such  persons  as  any  of  the  States  now  existing  shall  think  proper 
to  admit  shall  not  be  prohibited  by  the  Congress  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  eight, 
but  a  tax  or  duty  may  be  Imposed  on  such  importation,  not  exceeding  ten  dollars  for  each  person. 

2.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless  when  In  cases  of  rebellion 
or  invasion  the  public  safety  may  require  it. 

3.  No  bill  of  attainder  or  ex  post  facto  law  shall  be  passed. 

4.  No  capitation  or  other  direct  tax  shall  be  laid,  unless  in  proportion  to  the  census  or  enumeration 
hereinbefore  directed  to  be  taken. 

5.  No  tax  or  duty  shall  be  laid  on  articles  exported  from  any  State. 

6.  No  preference  shall  be  given  by  any  regulation  of  commerce  or  revenue  to  the  ports  of  one  State 
over  those  of  another,  nor  shall  vessels  bound  to  or  from  one  State  be  obliged  to  enter,  clear,  or  pay  duties 
in  another. 

7.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from  the  Treasury  but  in  consequence  of  appropriations  made  by  law: 
and  a  regular  statement  and  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  all  public  money  shall  be  published 
from  time  to  time. 

8.  No  title  of  nobility  shall  be  granted  by  the  United  States.  And  no  person  holding  any  office  of 
profit  or  trust  under  them  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  accept  of  any  present,  emolument, 
office,  or  title  of  any  kind  whatever  from  any  king,  prince,  or  foreign  state. 

Section  10 — (States  prohibited  from  the  exercise  of  certain  powers.) 

1.  No  State  shall  enter  Into  any  treaty,  alliance,  or  confederation,  grant  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal, 
coin  money,  emit  blllfl  of  credit,  make  anything  but  gold  and  silver  coin  a  tender  in  payment  of  debts,  pass 
any  bill  of  attainder,  ex  post  facto  law,  or  law  impairing  the  obligation  of  contracts,  or  grant  any  title  ol 
nobility. 

2.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  the  Congress,  lay  any  impost  or  duties  on  imports  or  exports, 
except  what  may  be  absolutely  necessary  for  executing  its  Inspection  laws,  and  the  net  produce  of  all  duties 
and  imposts,  laid  by  any  State  on  imports  or  exports,  shall  be  for  the  use  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United 
States;  and  all  such  laws  shall  be  subject  to  the  revision  and  control  of  the  Congress. 

3.  No  State  shall,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  lay  any  duty  of  tonnage,  keep  troops  or  ships  ol 
war  in  time  of  peace,  enter  into  any  agreement  or  compact  with  another  State,  or  with  a  foreign  power,  oi 
engage  in  war,  unless  actually  invaded,  or  in  such  imminent  danger  as  will  not  admit  of  delay. 

ARTICLE     II. 

Section  1 — (President;  his  term  of  office.  Electors  of  President;  number 
and  how  appointed.  Electors  to  vote  on  same  day.  Qualification  of  President. 
On  whom  his  duties  devolve  in  case  of  his  removal,  death,  etc.  President's 
compensation.     His  oath  of  office.) 

1.  The  Executive  power  shall  be  vested  in  a  President  of  the  United  States  of  America.  He  shall  hold 
his  office  during  the  term  of  four  years,  and,  together  with  the  Vice-President,  chosen  for  the  same  term, 
be  elected  as  follows:  ,.  ^       .   , 

2.  Each  State  shall  appoint,  in  such  manner  as  the  Legislature  thereof  may  direct,  a  nimiber  of  electors, 
equal  to  the  whole  number  of  Senators  and  Representatives  to  which  the  State  may  be  entitled  in  the 
Congress:  but  no  Senator  or  Representative  or  person  holding  an  office  of  trust  or  profit  under  the  United 
States  .shall  be  appointed  an  elector. 

3.  ,  The  electors  shall  meet  In  their  respective  States  and  vote  by  ballot  for  two  persons,  of  whom  one 
at  least  shall  not  be  an  inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves.  And  they  shall  make  a  list  of  all 
the  persons  voted  for,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify  and  transmit, 
sealed,  to  the  seat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate.  The 
President  of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the 
certificates,  and  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  shall 
be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed,  and  If  there  be 
more  than  one  who  have  such  majority,  and  have  an  equal  number  of  votes,  then  the  House  ol  Representa- 
tives shall  immediately  choose  by  ballot  one  of  them  for  President:  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then 
from  the  five  highest  on  the  list  the  said  House  shall  in  like  manner  choose  the  President.  But  in  choosing 
the  President,  the  vote  shall  be  taken  by  States,  the  representation  from  each  State  having  one  vote.  A 
quorum,  for  this  purpose,  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two-thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority 
of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  In  every  case,  after  the  choice  of  the  President,  the  person 
having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  of  the  electors  shall  be  the  Vice-President.  But  if  there  should  remain 
two  or  more  who  have  equal  votes,  the  Senate  shall  choose  from  them  by  ballot  the  Vice-President.* 

4.  The  Congress  may  determine  the  time  of  choosing  the  electors  and  the  day  on  which  they  shall 
give  their  votes,  which  day  shall  be  the  same  throughout  the  United  States. 

5  No  person  except  a  natural  born  citizen,  or  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  at  the  time  of  the  adoption 
of  this  Constitution,  shall  be  eligible  to  the  office  of  President:  neither  shall  any  person  be  eligible  to  that 
office  who  shall  not  have  attained  to  the  age  of  thirty-five  years  and  been  fourteen  years  a  resident  within 
the  United  States.  .      ,         .        ,  ,     ,.,„x    *    j- 

6  In  case  of  the  removal  of  the  President  from  office,  or  of  his  death,  resignation,  or  Inability  to  dis- 
charge the  powers  and  duties  of  the  said  office,  the  same  shall  devolve  on  the  Vice-President,  and  the  Congress 
may  by  law  provide  lor  the  case  of  removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the  President  and  Vice- 
President,  declaring  what  officer  shall  then  act  as  President,  and  such  officer  shall  act  accordingly  until 
the  disability  be  removed  or  a  President  shall  be  elected.  _  ..  ^.  v.    t.  n !*.,„ 

7.  The  President  shall,  at  stated  times,  receive  for  his  services  a  compensation  which  shall  neither 
be  Increased  nor  diminished  during  the  period  tor  which  he  shall  have  been  elected,  and  he  shall  not  receive 
within  that  period  any  other  emolument  from  the  United  States,  or  any  of  them. 

8.  Before  he  enter  on  the  execution  of  his  office  he  shall  take  the  following  oath  or  affirmation: 

"I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  faithfully  execute  the  office  of  President  of  the  Un  ted 
States,  and  will,  to  the  best  of  my  ability,  preserve,  protect,  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States." 


•  This  clause  is  superseded  by  Article  XII.,  Amendments. 


132  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 

Section  2 — (President  to  be  Commander-in-Chief.  He  may  require 
opinions  of  Cabinet  OflBcers,  etc.,  may  pardon.  Treaty-malting  power.  Nominac 
tion  of  certain  officers.    When  President  may  All  vacancies.) 

1.  The  President  shall  be  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  State.s,  and  ot 
the  militia  of  the  several  States  when  called  into  the  actual  service  of  the  United  States;  he  may  require 
the  opinion,  in  writing,  of  the  principal  officer  in  each  of  the  executive  departments  upon  any  subject  relating 
to  the  duties  of  their  respective  offices,  and  he  shall  have  power  to  grant  reprieves  and  pardons  for  offences 
against  the  United  States  except  in  cases  of  impeachment.  .^ 

2.  He  shall  have  power,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  to  make  treaties,  provided 
two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concur;  and  he  shall  nominate  and  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent 
of  the  Senate  shall  appoint  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers  and  consuls.  Judges  of  the  Supremo  Court, 
and  all  other  officers  of  the  United  States  whose  appointments  are  not  herein  otherwise  provided  for,  and 
which  shall  be  established  by  law;  but  the  Congress  may  by  law  vest  the  appointment  of  such  inferior 
officers  as  they  think  proper  in  the  President  alone,  in  the  courts  of  law,  or  In  the  heads  of  departments. 

3.  The  President  shall  have  power  to  fill  up  ail  vacancies  that  may  happen  during  the  rece.'jj  of  the 
Senate  by  granting  commissions,  which  shall  expire  at  the  end  of  their  next  session. 

Section  3 — (President  shall  communicate  to  Congress.     He  may  convene 
y     and  adjourn  Congress,  in  case  of  disagreement,  etc.   Shall  receive  ambassadors, 
execute  laws,  and  commission  officers.) 

He  shall  from  time  to  time  give  to  the  Congress  information  of  the  state  of  the  Union,  and  recommend 
to  their  consideration  such  measures  as  he  shall  Judge  necessary  and  expedient;  he  may,  on  extraordinary 
occasions,  convene  both  Houses,  or  either  of  them,  and  in  case  of  disagreement  between  them  with  respect 
to  the  time  of  adjournment,  he  may  adjourn  them  to  such  time  as  he  shall  think  proper;  he  shall  receive 
ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers;  he  shall  take  care  that  the  laws  be  faithfully  executed,  and  shall 
commission  all  the  officers  of  the  United  States. 

Section  4 — (All  civil  offices  forfeited  for  certain  crimes.) 

The  President,  Vice-President,  and  all  civil  officers  of  the  United  States  shall  be  removed  from  office 
on  impeachment  for  and  conviction  of  treason,  bribery,  or  other  high  crimes  and  misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE     III. 

Section  1 — (Judicial  powers.    Tenure.    Compensation.) 

The  Judicial  power  of  the  United  States  shall  be  vested  in  one  Supreme  Court,  and  in  such  Inferior 
courts  as  the  Congress  may  from  time  to  time  ordain  and  establish.  The  Judges,  both  of  the  Supreme 
and  inferior  courts,  shall  hold  their  offices  during  good  behavior,  and  shall  at  stated  times  receive  for  their 
services  a  compensation  which  shall  not  be  diminished  during  their  continuance  in  office. 

Section  2 — (Judicial  power:  to  what  cases  it  extends.  Original  jurisdiction 
of  Supreme  Court.    Appellate.    Trial  by  Jury,  etc.    Trial,  where.) 

1.  The  Judicial  power  shall  extend  to  all  cases  in  law  and  equity  arising  under  this  Constitution,  the 
laws  of  the  United  States,  and  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  their  authority;  to  all  cases 
affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls;  to  all  cases  of  admiralty  and  maritime  Juris- 
diction; to  controversies  to  which  the  United  States  shall  be  a  party;  to  controversies  between  two  or  more 
States,  between  a  State  and  citizens  of  another. State,  between  citizens  of  different  States,  between  nitizens 
of  the  same  State  claiming  lands  under  grants  of  different  States,  and  t)etween  a  State,  or  the  citizens  thereof, 
and  foreign  states,  citizens,  or  subjects. 

2.  In  all  cases  affecting  ambassadors,  other  public  ministers,  and  consuls,  and  those  in  which  a  State 
shall  be  party,  the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  original  Jurisdiction.  In  all  the  other  oases  before  mentioned 
the  Supreme  Court  shall  have  appellate  Jurisdiction  both  as  to  law  and  fact,  with  such  exceptions  and 
under  such  regulations  as  the  Congress  shall  make. 

3.  The  trial  of  all  crimes,  except  In  cases  of  Impeachment,  shall  be  by  Jury,  and  such  trial  shall  be 
held  In  the  State  where  the  said  crimes  shall  have  been  committed;  but  when  not  committed  witiiin  any 
State  the  trial  shall  be  at  such  place  or  places  as  the  Congress  may  by  law  have  directed. 

Section  3 — (Treason  defined.    Proof  of.    Punishment  of.) 

1.  Treason  against  the  United  States  shall  consist  only  in  levying  war  against  them,  or  in  adhering 
to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort.  No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the 
testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or  on  confession  in  open  court. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  declare  the  punishment  ot  treason,  but  no  attainder  of  treason 
shall  work  corruption  of  blood  or  forfeiture  except  during  the  life  of  the  person  attained. 

ARTICLE     IV. 

Section  1 — (Each  State  to  give  credit  to  the  public  acts,  etc.,  of  every 
other  State.) 

Full  faith  and  credit  shall  be  given  in  each  State  to  the  public  acts,  records,  and  Judicial  proceedings 
of  every  other-State.  And  the  Congress  may  by  general  laws  prescribe  the  manner  in  which  such  acts, 
records,  and  proceedings  shall  be  proved,  and  the  effect  thereof. 

Section  2 — (Privileges  of  citizens  of  each  State.  Fugitive?  from  justice  to 
be  delivered  up.    Persons  held  to  service  having  escaped,  to  be  delivered  up.) 

1.  The  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled  to  all  privileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the  several 
States. 

2.  A  person  charged  In  any  State  with  treason,  felonv,  or  other  crime,  who  shall  flee  from  Justice,  and 
be  found  in  another  State,  shall,  on  demand  of  the  Executive  authoiity  of  the  State  frqm  which  he  fled, 
be  delivered  up,  to  be  removed  to  the  State  having  Jurisdiction  of  the  crime. 

3.  No  person  held  to  service  or  labor  In  one  State,  under  the  laws  thereof,  escaping  Into  another  shall. 
In  consequence  of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged  from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be 
delivered  up  on  claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be  due. 

Section  3 — (Admission  of  new  States.  Power  of  Congress  over  territory 
and  other  property.) 

1.  New  States  may  be  admitted  by  the  Congress  into  this  Union,  but  no  new  State  shall  be  formed 
)r  erected  within  the  Jurisdiction  of  any  other  State,  nor  any  State  be  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  or 
nore  States,  or  parts  of  States,  without  the  consent  of  the  Legislatures  of  the  States  concerned,  as  well 
18  of  the  Congress. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  dispose  of  and  make  all  needful  rules  and  regulations  respecting 
the  territory  or  other  property  belonging  to  the  United  States;  and  nothing  In  this  Constitution  shall  be 
30  construed  as  to  prejudice  any  claims  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  particular  State. 

Section  4 — (Republican  form  of  government  guaranteed.  Each  State  to  be 
protected.)  ~ 


Constitution  of  the  United  States:  133 


The  United  States  shall  guarantee  to  every  State  in  this  Union  a  republican  form  of  government,  and 
shall  protect  each  of  them  against  invasion,  and,  on  application  of  the  Legislature,  or  of  the  Executive 
(when  the  Legislature  cannot  be  convened),  against  domestic  violence. 

ARTICLE     V. 

(Constitution;  how  amended.  Proviso.) 
The  Congress,  whenever  two-third3  of  both  Houses  shall  deem  It  necessary,  shall  propose  amendments 
to  this  Constitution,  or,  on  the  application  of  the  Legislatures  of  two-thirds  of  the  severalStates,  shall  call 
a  convention  for  proposing  amendments,  which,  in  either  case,  shall  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes, 
as  part  ot  this  Constitution,  when  ratified  by  the  Legislatures  of  three-fourths  of  the  several  States  or  by 
conventions  In  three-fourths  thereof,  as  the  one  or  the  other  mode  of  ratification  may  be  proposed  by  the 
Congress;  provided  that  no  amendment  which  may  be  made  prior  to  the  year  one  thousand  eight  hundred 
and  eight  shall  in  any  manner  affect  the  first  and  fourth  clauses  in  the  Ninth  Section  of  the  First  Article- 
and  that  uo  State,  without  its  consent,  shall  be  deprived  of  its  equal  suffrage  in  the  Senate. 

ARTICLE     VI. 
(Certain  debts,  etc.,  declared  valid.    Supremacy  of  Constitution,  treaties, 
and  laws  of  the  United  States.    Oath  to  support  Constitution,  by  whom  taken. 
No  religious  test.) 

1.  All  debts  contracted  and  engagements  entered  into  before  the  adoption  of  this  Constitution  shall 
be  as  valid  against  the  United  States  under  this  Constitution  as  under  the  Confederation. 

2.  Tills  Constitution  and  the  laws  of  the  United  States  which  shall  be  made  In  pursuance  thereof  and 
all  treaties  made,  or  which  shall  be  made,  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States,  shall  be  the  supreme 
law  of  the  land,  and  the  judges  in  every  State  shall  be  bound  thereby,  anything  In  the  Constitution  or  laws 
of  any  Slate  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

3.  The  Senators  and  Representatives  before  mentioned,  and  the  members  of  the  several  State  Legis- 
latures, and  all  executive  and  judicial  officers,  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  several  States,  shall 
be  bound  by  oath  or  affirmation  to  support  this  Constitution;  but  no  religious  test  shall  ever  be  required 
as  a  qualification  to  any  office  or  public  trust  under  the  United  States. 

ARTICLE     VII. 

(What  ratification  shall  establish  Constitution.) 

The  ratification  of  the  Conventions  of  nine  States  shall  be  sufficient  for  the  establishment  of  this 
Constitution  between  the  States  so  ratifying  the  same. 

AMENDMENTS    TO    THE    CONSTITUTION    OF     THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  following  amendments  to  the  Constitution,  Articles  I.  to  X.  Inclusive,  were  proposed  at  the  First 
Session  of  the  First  Congress,  begun  and  held  at  the  City  of  New  York,  on  Wednesday,  March  4,  1789, 
and  were  adopted  by  the  necessary  number  of  States.  The  original  proposal  of  the  ten  amendments  was 
preceded  by  this  preamble  and  resolution: 

"The  conventions  of  a  number  of  the  States  having,  at  the  time  of  their  adopting  the  Constitution, 
expressed  a  desire,  in  order  to  prevent  misconstruction  or  abuse  of  its  powers,  tbft  further  declaratory  and 
restrictive  clauses  should  be  added,  and  as  extending  the  ground  of  public  confidence  in  the  Government 
will  best  insure  the  beneficent  ends  of  its  institution: 

"Resolved,  By  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America,  In  congress 
assembled,  two-thirds  of  both  Houses  concurring,  that  the  following  articles  be  proposed  to  the  Legislatures 
of  the  several  States,  as  amendments  to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States;  all  or  any  ot  which  articles, 
when  ratified  by  three-fourths  of  the  said  Legislatures,  to  be  valid  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  as  part  of 
the  said  Constitution,  namely:" 

THE    TEN    ORIGINAL   AMENDMENTS. 

(They  were  declared  in  force  December  15,  1791.) 

ARTICLE     I. 

Relliious  Establishment  Prohibited.     Freedom  of  Speech,  of  the  Press, 
and  Right  to  Petition. 

Congress  shall  make  no  law  respecting  an  establishment  of  religion,  or  prohibiting  the  free  exercise 
thereof;  or  abridging  the  freedom  of  speech  or  of  the  press;  or  the  right  of  the  people  peaceably  to  assemble, 
and  to  petition  the  Government  for  a  redress  of  grievances. 

ARTICLE     II. 

Right  to  Keep  and  Bear^Arms. 

A  well-regulated  militia  being  necessary  to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the  people  to  keep 
and  bear  arms  shall  not  be  Infringed. 

ARTICLE      III. 

No  Soldier  to  Be  Quartered  In  Any  House,  Unless,  Etc. 

No  soldier  shall,  in  time  of  peace,  be  quartered  in  any  house  without  the  consent  of  the  owner,  nor 
in  time  of  war  but  in  a  manner  to  be  prescribed  by  law. 

ARTICLE     IV. 

Right  of  Search  and  Seizure  Regulated. 

The  right  of  the  people  to  be  secure  in  their  persons,  houses,  papers,  and  effects,  against  unreasonable 
searches  and  seizures,  shall  not  be  violated,  and  no  warrants  shall  issue  but  upon  probable  cause,  supported 
by  oath  or  affirmation,  and  particularly  describing  the  place  to  be  searched,  and  the  persons  or  things  to 
be  seized. 

ARTICLE     V. 

PrOTislons    Concerning   Prosecution,    Trial    and     Punishment. — Private 
Property  Not  to  Be  Taken  for  Public  Use,  Without  Compensation. 

No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  other  infamous  crime  imless  on  a  presentment  ot 
indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  except  in  cases  arising  In  the  land  or  naval  forces,  or  in  the  miUtla,  when  in 
actual  service,  in  time  of  war  or  public  danger;  nor  shall  any  person  be  subject  for  the  same  offence  to  be 
twice  put  in  jeopardy  of  life  or  limb;  nor  shall  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against 
himself,  nor  be  deprived  of  life,  liberty,  or  property,  without  due  process  of  law;  nor  shall  private  property 
be  taken  for  public  use  without  just  compensation. 

ARTICLE     VI. 
Right  to  Speedy  Trial,  Witnesses.   Stc. 
In  all  criminal  prosecutions,  the  accused  shall  enjoy  the  right  to  a  speedy  and  public  trial,  by  an  Impartia/ 


134  Constitution  of  the  United  States. 


Jury  oT  the  State  and  district  wherein  the  crime  shall  have  been  committed,  which  districts  shall  have  been 
previously  ascertain^  by  law,  and  to  be  Informed  of  the  nature  and  cause  of  the  accusation;  to  be  confronted 
with  the  witnesses  against  him;  to  have  compulsory  process  for  obtaining  witnesses  In  bis  favor,  and  to 
have  the  assistance  of  counsel  for  his  defence. 

ARTICLE    VII. 
Right  of  Trial  By  Jury. 

In  suits  at  conunon  law,  where  the  value  in  controversy  shall  exceed  twenty  dollars,  the  right  of  trial 
by  Jury  shall  be  preserved,  and  no  fact  tried  by  a  Jury  shall  be  otherwise  re-examined  In  any  court  of  the 
T7nited  States  than  according  to  the  rules  of  the  common  law. 

ARTICLE    VIII. 
Excessive  Ball  or  Fines  and  Cruel  Punishments  Prohibited. 
Excessive  ball  shall  not  be  required,  nor  excessive  fines  imposed,  nor  cruel  and  unusual  punishments 
inflicted. 

ARTICLE     IX. 
Rule  of  Construction  of  Constitution. 
The  enumeration  in  the  Constitution  of  certain  rights  shall  not  be  construed  to  deny  or  disparage 
others  reulned  by  the  people. 

ARTICLE     X. 
Rights  of  States  Under  Constitution. 
The  powers  not  delegated  to  the  United  States  by  the  Constitution,  nor  prohibited  by  it  to  the  States, 
are  reserved  to  the  States  respectively,  or  to  the  people. 

T)te  following  amendment  was  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  by  the  Third  Congress  on 
the  5th  of  March,  1794,  and  was  declared  to  have  been  ratified  In  a  message  from  the  President  to  Congress, 
dated  Jan.  8,  1798. 

ARTICLE     XI. 
Judicial  Powers  Construed. 
The  Judicial  power  ot  the  United  States  shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  suit  in  law  or  equity, 
commenced  or  prosecuted  against  one  of  the  United  States,  by  citizens  of  another  State,  or  by  citizens  ot 
subjects  of  any  foreign  state. 

Ttie  foUoiaing  amendment  was  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  by  the  Eighth  Congress  on 
the  \2th  of  December,  1803,  and  was  declared  to  have  been  ratified  in  a  proclamation  by  the  Secretary  of  State, 
dated  September  25,  1804.  It  was  ratified  by  aU  the  States  except  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Massachusetts,  ana 
Ncto   Hampshire. 

ARTICLE     XII.    , 
Manner  of  Choosing  President  and  Vice-President. 

The  electors  shall  meet  in  their  respective  States,  and  vote  by  ballot  for  President  and  Vice-President, 
one  of  whom  at  least  shall  not  be  an  Inhabitant  of  the  same  State  with  themselves;  they  shall  name  In  their 
ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  President,  and  in  distinct  ballots  the  person  voted  for  as  Vice-President; 
and  they  shall  make  distinct  lists  of  all  persons  voted  for  as  President,  and  of  ail  persons  voted  for  aa  Vice- 
President,  and  of  the  number  of  votes  for  each,  which  list  they  shall  sign  and  certify,  and  transmit,  sealed, 
to  the  Beat  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  directed  to  the  President  of  the  Senate;  the  President 
of  the  Senate  shall,  in  the  presence  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  open  all  the  certificates, 
»jid  the  votes  shall  then  be  counted;  the  person  having  the  greatest  number  of  votes  for  President  shall 
be  the  President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  electors  appointed;  and  If  no  person 
have  such  majority,  then  from  the  persons  having  the  highest  numbers,  not  exceeding  three,  on  the  list 
of  those  voted  for  as  President,  the  House  of  Representatives  shall  choose  Immediately,  by  ballot,  the 
President.  But  in  choosing  the  President,  the  votes  shall  be  talcen  by  States,  the  representation  from 
each  State  having  one  vote;  a  quorum  for  this  purpose  shall  consist  of  a  member  or  members  from  two- 
thirds  of  the  States,  and  a  majority  of  all  the  States  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  And  if  the  House  of 
Representatives  shall  not  choose  a  President,  whenever  the  right  of  choice  shall  devolve  upon  them,  before 
the  fourth  day  of  March  next  following,  then  the  Vice-President  shall  act  as  President,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  death  or  other  constitutional  disability  of  the  President.  The  person  having  the  greatest  number  of 
votes  as  Vice-President  shall  be  the  Vice-President,  if  such  number  be  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of 
electors  appointed,  and  if  no  person  have  a  majority,  then  from  the  two  highest  numbers  on  the  list  the 
Senate  shall  choose  the  Vice-President;  a  quorum  for  the  purpose  shall  consist  of  t\7o-thirds  of  the  whole 
number  of  Senators,  and  a  majority  of  the  whole  number  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice.  But  no  person 
eonstitutlonaily  ineligible  to  the  office  of  President  shall  be  eligible  to  that  of  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States. 


The  following  amendment  was  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  by  the  Thirty-eighth  Congress 
on  the  1st  of  February,  1865,  and  was  declared  to  have  been  ratified  in  a  proclamation  by  the  Secretary  of  State, 
dated  December  18,  1865.  It  was  rejected  by  Delaware  and  Kentucky;  was  conditionally  ratified  by  Alabama 
and  Mississippi;  and  Texas  took  no  action. 

ARTICLE     XIII. 
Slavery  Abolished. 

1.  Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  a  punishment  for  crime  whereof  the  party 
shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall  exist  within  the  United  States,  or  any  place  subject  to  their  jurisdiction. 

2.  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 


The  following,  popularly  known  as  the  Reconstruction  Amendment,  was  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the 
several  States  by  the  Thirty-ninth  Congress  on  the  l&th  of  June,  1866,  and  was  declared  to  have  been  ratified  in 
a  proclamation  by  the  Secretary  of  State,  dated  July  28,  1868.  The  amendment  got  the  support  of  23  Northern 
States;  it  was  rejected  by  Delaware,  Kentucky,  Maryland,  and  10  Southern  States.  California  took  no  action. 
Subsequently  it  was  ratified  by  the  10  Southern  Slates. 

ARTICLE     XIV. 
Citizenship  Rights  Not  to  Be  Abridged. 

1.  AU  persons  born  or  naturalized  in  the  United  States,  and  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  thereof,  are 
citizens  ol  the  United  States  and  of  the  State  wherein  they  reside.     No  State  shall  make  or  eui'orce  any 


Salary  of  the  President.  135 

law  whICT  shall  abridge  the  privileges  or  immunities  ol  citizens  or  the  United  States;  nor  snail  any  State 
deprive  aay  person  of  life,  liberty,  or  property  without  due  process  of  law,  nor  deny  to  any  person  within 
Its  jurisdiction  the  equal  protection  of  the  laws. 

Apportionment  of  Representatives  in  Congress. 

2.  Representatives  sliall  be  apportioned  among  the  several  States  according  to  their  respective  numbers, 
counting  the  whole  number  of  persons  in  each  State,  excluding  Indians  not  taxed.  But  when  the  right 
to  vote  at  any  election  for  the  choice  of  electors  for  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United  States, 
Representatives  in  Congress,  the  executive  and  Judicial  officers  of  a  State,  or  the  members  of  the  Legislature 
thereof,  is  denied  to  any  of  the  male  members  of  such  State,  being  of  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  or  in  any  way  abridged,  except  for  participation  in  rebellion  or  other  crime,  the  basis 
of  representation  therein  shall  be  reduced  in  the  proportion  which  the  number  of  such  male  citizens  shall 
bear  to  llie  whole  number  of  male  citizens  twenty-one  years  of  age  in  such  State. 

Power  of  Congress  to  Remove  Disabilities  of  United  States  Officials  for  Rebellion. 

3.  No  person  shall  be  a  Senator  or  Representative  in  Congress,  or  elector  of  President  and  Vice-President, 
or  holding  any  ofiflce,  civil  or  military,  under  the  United  States,  or  under  any  State,  who,  having  previously 
taken  an  oath,  as  a  member  of  Congress,  or  as  an  ofllcer  of  the  United  States,  or  as  a  member  of  any  State 
Legislature,  or  as  an  executive  or  judicial  ofHcer  of  any  State,  to  support  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  shall  have  engaged  in  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  same,  or  given  aid  and  comfort  to  the 
enemies  thereof.     But  Congress  may,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  each  House,  remove  such  disability. 

What  Public  Debts  Are  Valid. 

4.  The  validity  of  the  public  debt  of  the  United  States,  authorized  by  law.  Including  debts  incurred 
lor  payment  of  pensions  and  bounties  for  services  in  suppressing  insurrection  and  rebellion,  shall  not  be 
questioned.  But  neither  the  United  States  nor  any  State  shall  assume  or  pay  any  debt  or  obligation  incurred 
in  aid  of  insurrection  or  rebellion  against  the  United  States,  or  any  claim  for  the  loss  or  emancipation  of 
any  slave;  but  all  such  debts,  obligations,  and  claims  shall  be  held  illegal  and  void. 

5.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  by  appropriate  legislation  the  provisions  of  this  article. 


The  following  amendment  was  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  States  by  the  Fortieth  Congress  on 
the  21th  of  February,  1869,  and  was  declared  to  have  been  ratified  in  a  proclamation  by  the  Secretary  of  State, 
dated  March  30,  1870.  It  was  not  acted  on  by  Tennessee;  it  was  rejected  by  California,  Delaware,  Kentucky, 
Maryland,. New  Jersey,  and  Oregon;  ratified  by  the  remaining  30  States.  New  York  rescinded  its  ratification 
Jantiary  5,  1870. 

ARTICLE     XV. 

Equal  Rights  for  White  and  Colored  Citizens. 

1.  The  right  ol  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  to  vote  shall  not  be  denied  or  abridged  by  the  CTnited 
States  or  by  any  State  on  account  of  race,  color,  or  previous  condition  of  servitude. 

2.  The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  this  article  by  appropriate  legislation. 


The  following  amendment  was  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  Slates  by  the  Sixty-first  Congress 
on  the  12th  day  of  July.  1909,  and  was  declared  to  have  been  ratified  in  a  proclamation  by  the  Secretary  of  State, 
dated  February  25,  1913.  The  income  tax  amendment  was  ratified  by  all  the  States  except  Connecticut,  Florida, 
Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,    Utah,  and  Virginia. 

ARTICLE     XVI. 

Income  Taxes  Authorized. 

The  Congress  shall  have  power  to  lay  and  collect  taxes  on  incomes,  from  whatever  sources  derived, 
without  apportionment  among  the  several  States,  and  without  regard  to  any  census  or  enumeration. 


The  following  amendment  was  proposed  to  the  Legislatures  of  the  several  Stales  by  the  Sixty-second  Congress 
on  the  IGWi  day  of  May,  1912,  and  was  declared  to  have  been  ratified  in  a  proclamation  by  the  Secretary  of  State, 
dated  May  31,  1913.  It  got  the  vote  of  all  the  Slates  except  Alabama,  Delaware.  Florida,  Georgia,  Kentucky, 
Louisiana,  Maryland,  Mississippi,  Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,    Utah,  and  Virginia. 

ARTICLE     XVII. 

United  States  Senators  to  Be  Elected  By  Direct  Popular  Vote. 

1.  The  Senate  of  the  United  States  shall  be  composed  of  two  Senators  from  each  State,  elected  by 
the  people  thereof,  for  six  years;  and  each  Senator  shall  have  one  vote.  The  electors  in  each  State  shall 
have  tlie  qualifications  requisite  for  electors  of  the  most  numerous  branch  of  the  State  Legislatures. 

Vacancies  in  Senators  hips.  When  Governor  May  Fill  by  Appointment. 

2.  When  vacancies  happen  in  the  representation  of  any  State  in  the  Senate,  the  executive  authority 
of  such  State  shall  issue  writs  of  election  to  All  such  vacancies:  Provided,  That  the  Legislature  of  any 
State  may  empower  the  Executive  thereof  to  make  temporary  appointment  until  the  people  fill  the  vacancies 
by  election  as  the  Legislature  may  direct. 

3.  This  amendment  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  affect  the  election  or  term  of  any  Senator  chosen 
before  it  becomes  valid  as  part  of  the  Constitution. 


PRESIDENTIAL  ELECTIONS. 

TKEaii  is,  properly  speaking,  no  popular,  vote  for  President  and  Vice-President:  the  people  vote 
for  electors,  and  those  chosen  in  each  State  meet  therein  and  vote  for  the  candidates  for  President  and  Vlce- 
Picsideut.  The  record  of  any  popular  vote  for  electors  prior  to  1828  is  so  meagre  and  imperfect  that  a 
compilation  would  be  useless.  In  most  of  the  States,  for  more  than  a  quarter  century  following  the  estab- 
lishment of  the  Government,  the  State  Legislatures  "appointed"  the  Presidential  electors,  and  the  people 
therefoi-e  voted  *nly  indirectly  for  them,  their  choice  being  expressed  by  tlicir  votes  for  members  of  the 
Legislature. 

SALARY    OF    THE    PRESIDENT. 

The  .salary  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  was  the  cause  of  discussion  in  the  First  Congress,  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  the  Constitution  declared  that  the  President  should  receive  compensation  for  his 
services.  Washington  bad  notified  his  fellow  citizens  that  he  desired  no  salary.  The  limits  suggested  in 
Congress  ranged  from  .?15,000  to  $70,000.  The  salary  was  finally  placed  at  $25,000,  and  this  remained 
the  compensation  until  President  Grant's  second  term  (March  3,  1873),  when  it  was  increased  to  $50,000. 
Chapter  2918  of  the  Laws  of  the  Second  Session  of  the  Fifty-ninth  Congress,  approved  March  4,  1907. 
appropriated  "for  travelling  expenses  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  to  be  expended  at  his  dlscretloa 
and  accounted  for  by  his  certificate  solely,  825,000."  In  the  Second  Session  of  the  Sixtieth  Congress  the 
President's  salary  was  fixed  at  $75,000  a  year. 


136 


The  Monroe  Doctrine. 


THE    MONROE    DOCTRINE. 


The  Monroe  Doctrine  ■  dates  from  a  declaration 
of  December-  2,  1823,  by  James  Monroe,  President 
of  the  United  States,  in  his  seventh  annual  message 
to  Congress.  Brazil  had  declared  its  independence 
of  Portugal  the  year  before.  Troubles  in  the  latter 
country  had  caused  a  modification  of  the  Constitu- 
tion. In  Spain  a  revolution  had  occurred,  and  the 
dominion  of  Peru  was  lost.  The  Holy  Alliance, 
formed  in  1815  by  Russia,  Austria  and  Prussia, 
was  threatening,  so  it  was  alleged,  to  help  Spain 
recover  its  control  in  South  America.  Russia  and 
the  United  States  were  in  controversy  over  their 
Pacific  Coast  boundaries.  Mr.  Monroe  In  his  mes- 
sage took  up  the  Russian  matter  first,  saying: 

"In  the  discussions  to  which  this  interest  has 
given  rise,  and  in  the  arrangements  by  which  they 
may  terminate,  the  occasion  has  been  judged  proper 
for  asserting,  as  a  principle  in  which  the  rights  and 
Interests  of  the  United  States  are  involved,  that  the 
American  continents,  by  the  free  and  Independent 
condition  which  they  have  assumed  and  maintain, 
are  henceforth  not  to  t)e  considered  as  subjects  for 
future  colonization  by  any  European  powera." 

The  President  then  spoke  of  Spain  and  Portugal 
in  this  wise: 

"Of  events  In  that  quarter  of  the  globe  with  which 
we  have  so  much  intercourse  and  from  which  we 
derive  our  origin  we  have  always  been  anxious  and 
interested  spectators.  The  citizens  of  the  United 
States  cherish  sentiments  the  most  friendly  in  favor 
of  the  liberty  and  happiness  of  their  fellowmen  on 
that  side  of  the  Atlantic.  In  the  wars  of  the  European 
powers.  In  matters  relating  to  themselves,  we  have 
never  taken  any  part,  nor  does  it  comport  with  our 
policy  so  to  do.  It  Is  only  when  our  rights  are  invaded 
or  seriously  menaced  that  we  resent  Injuries  or 
make  preparation  for  our  defence.  With  the  move- 
ments in  this  hemisphere  we  are  of  necessity  more 
immediately  connected,  and  by  causes  which  must 
be  obvious  to  all  enlightened  and  impartial  observers. 
The  political  system  of  the  allied  powers  is  essentially 
different  in  this  respect  from  that  of  America. 
This  difference  proceeds  from  that  which  exists  in 
their  respective  Governments.  And  to  the  defence 
of  our  own,  which  has  been  achieved  by  the  loss  of 
so  much  blood  and  treasure,  and  matured  by  the 
wisdom  of  their  most  enlightened  citizens,  and 
under  which  we  have  enjoyed  unexampled  felicity, 
this  whole  nation  is  devoted.  We  owe  it,  therefore, 
to  candor  and  to  the  amicable  relations  existing 
between  the  United  States  and  those  powers  to 
declare  that  we  should  consider  any  attempt  on 
their  part  to  extend  their  system  to  any  portion  of 
this  hemisphere  ar  dangerous  to  our  peace  and  safety. 

"With  the  existing  colonies  or  dependencies  of 
any  European  power  we  have  not  interfered  and 
shall  not  Interfere.  But  with  the  Governments  who 
have  declared  their  Independence  and  maintained  It, 
and  whose  independence  we  have,  on  great  consid- 
eration and  on  Just  principles,  acknowledged,  we 
could  not  view  any  interposition  for  the  purpose  of 
oppressing  them,  or  controIUng,  in  any  other  manner, 
their  destiny,  by  any  European  power,  in  any  other 
light  than  as  the  manifestation  of  an  unfriendly 
disposition  towards  the  United  States.  In  the  war 
between  these  new  Governments  and  .Spain  we 
declared  our  neutrality  at  the  time  of  their  recog- 
nition, and  to.  this  we  have  adhered,  and  shall 
continue  to  adhere,  provided  no  change  shall  occur, 
which.  In  the  Judgment  of  the  competent  authorities 
of  this  Govemm^t,  shall  make  a  corresponding 
change  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  indis- 
pensable to  their  security." 

CLEVELAND'S  DECLARATION   IN   1895. 

When  President  Grover  Cleveland,  in  1895,  urged 
Great  Britain  to  arbitrate  her  dispute  over  the 
boundary  between  Venezuela  and  British  Guiana, 
he    said   (December  17)  in  a  message  to  Congress: 

"The  doctrine  "(Monroe)  "upon  which  we  stand 
is  Btit)ng  and  sovmd  because  its  enforcement  Is 
Important  to  our  peace  and  safety  as  a  nation,  and 
is  essential  to  the  integrity  of  our  free  institutions 
and  the  tranquil  maintenance  of  our  distinctive  form 
of  government.  It  was  intended  to  apply  to  every 
Btaae  of  our  national  life,  and  cannot  become  obsolete 
while  our  Republic  endures.    If  the  balance  of  power 


is  justly  a  cause  for  jealous  anxiety  among  the 
Governments  of  the  Old  World  and  a  subject  for  our 
absolute  non-interference,  none  the  less  is  an 
observance  of  the  Monroe  Docwlne  of  vital  concern 
to  our  people  and  their  Government.  *  *  *  II  a 
European  power,  by  an  extension  of  Its  boundaries, 
takes  possession  of  the  territory  of  one  of  our 
neighboring  republics  against  its  will  and  in  deroga- 
tion of  its  rights,  it  is  difficult  to  see  why  to  that 
extent  such  European  powei  does  not  thereby 
attempt  to  extend  its  system  of  government  to  that 
portion  of  tills  continent  which  is  thus  taken.  This 
is  the  precise  action  which  President  Monroe  declared 
to  be  'dangerous  to  our  peace  alnd  safety,'  and  It 
can  make  no  dltlerence  whetfier  the  European 
system  is  extended  by  an  advance  of  frontier  or 
otherwise.  *  *  *  The  Monroe  Doctrine  finds  its 
recognition  In  those  principles  of  International  law 
which  are  based  upon  the  theory  that  every  nation 
shall  have  its  rights  protected  and  Its  just  claims 
enforced." 

OLNEY  TO  GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Mr.  Cleveland's  Secretary  of  State,  Richard 
Olney,  had  said  (July  20,  1896)  In  a  despatch  to 
the  American  Ambassador  at  London,  Thomas  F. 
Bayard,  regarding  the  Monroe  Doctrine:  "That 
America  Is  in  no  part  open  to  colonization,  though 
the  proposition  was  not  universally  admitted  at  the 
time  of  its  first  enunciation,  has  long  been  universally 
conceded.  We  are  now  concerned,  therefore,  only 
with  that  other  practical  application  of  the  Monroe 
Doctrine  the  disregard  of  which  by  an  European 
power  is  to  be  deemed  an  act  of  unfriendliness 
towards  the  United  States.  The  precise  scope  and 
limitations  of  this  rule  cannot  be  too  clearly  appre- 
hended. It  does  not  establish  any  general  protec- 
torate by  the  United  States  over  other  American 
states.  It  docs  not  relieve  any  American  state  from 
its  obligations  as  fixed  by  International  law  nor 
prevent  any  European  power  directly  Interested 
from  enforcing  such  obligations  or  from'  inflicting 
merited  punishment  for  the  breach  of  them." 

PRESIDENT  WILSON'S  WORDS  IN   1915. 

President  Wilson  said  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine 
(December  7,  1915)  In  an  address  to  a  joint  session 
of  Congress:  "There  was  a  time  In  the  early  days 
of  pur  own  gre.at  nation  and  of  the  republics  fighting 
their  way  tT  independence  in  Central  and  South 
America  whc;  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
looked  upon  itself  as  in  some  sort  the  guardian  of 
the  republics  to  the  south  of  her  as  against  any 
encroachments  or  efforts  at  political  control  from 
the  other  side  of  the  water;  felt  it  Its  dutj'  to  play 
the  part  even  without  invitation  from  them;  and  I 
think  that  we  can  claim  that  the  task  was  undertaken 
vcith  a  true  and  disinterested  enthusiasm  lor  the 
freedom  of  the  Americas  and  the  unmolested  self- 
government  of  her  independent  peoples.  But  it 
was  always  difficult  to  maJntalu  such  a  role  without 
offence  to  the  pride  of  the  peoples  whose  freedom  of 
action  we  sought  to  protect  and  without  provoking 
serious  misconceptions  of  cur  motives,  and  every 
thoughtful  man  of  affairs  must  welcome  the  altered 
circumstances  of  the  new  day  in  whose  light  we  now 
stand,  when  there  is  no  claim  of  guardianship  or 
thought  of  wards  but.  Instead,  a  full  and  honorable 
association  as  of  partnere  between  ourselves  and  our 
neighbors.  In  the  interest  of  all  America,  north  and 
south. 

"Our  concern  for  the  independence  and  prosperity 
of  the  states  of  Central  and  South  America  is  not 
altered.  We  retain  imabated  the  spirit  that  has 
inspired  us  throughout  the  whole  life  of  our  Govern- 
ment and  which  was  so  fraiikly  put  into  words  by 
President  Monroe.  We  still  mean  always  to  make  a 
common  cause  of  national  independence  and  of 
political  liberty  in  America.  But  that  purpose  is 
now  better  understood  so  far  as  it  concerns  ourselves. 
It  is  known  not  to  be  a  selfish  purpose.  It  is  known 
to  have  in  it  no  thought  of  taking  advantage  of  any 
Government  in  this  hemisphere  or  playing  its  political 
fortunes  for  our  own  benefit.  AH  the  Governments 
of  America  stand,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  upon 
a  footing  of  genuine  equality  and  unque.stloned 
independence." 


The  Presidents  of  the  United  States. 


137 


THE  PRESIDENTS  OF  THE    UNITED    STATES-THEIR  BIOGRAPHIES  IN   BRIEF. 

(Compiled  Jor  The  Would  Aimanac  from  published  memoirs,  newspaper   recoi'ds,  and    personal    corre- 
spondence with  the  families  of  the  ex-Presidents.     The  references 
will  be  found  on  second  following  page.) 


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MN«•<!)lu5®^•ooo>0'-'^^to•*'Ot^'^*ooo>o-;J[^M"^«^-oo 


138 

The  Presidents  of  the  United  States 

• 

No. 

PRESIDENT. 

Mar- 
ried. 

Wife's  Name. 

Wife 
Born. 

Wife 
Died. 

Sons. 

Dau. 

Home  When 
Elected. 

1.. 

Washington. 
J.  Adams. . . 
Jefterson .  .  . 
Madison.. . . 
Monroe .... 
J.  Q.  Adams 

Jackson 

Van  Bureu. . 
Harrison .  .  . 
Tyler 

Polk 

Taylor 

Fillmore. . .  . 

Pierce 

Buchanan .  . 

1759.. 
1764.. 
1772.. 
1794.. 
1786. . 
1797.. 
1791.. 
1807.. 
1795.. 
1813.. 
1844.. 
1824.. 
1810.. 
1826. , 
1858.. 
1834.. 

Martha  (Dandridge)  CustisI 

Abigail  Smith 

1732. 

1744. 

1748. 

1772. 

1768 

1775. 

1767. 

1783. 

1775. 

1790. 

1820. 

1803. 

1788. 

1798. 

1813. 

1806. 

1802. 
1818. 
1782 . 
1849. 
1830. 
1852. 
1828. 
1819. 
1864. 
1842. 
1889. 
1891. 
1852. 
1853. 
1881. 
1863. 

Mount  Vernon,  Va. 

2  . 

3 

1 

2 
5 

Quincy,  Mass. 

3.. 

4.. 

Martha  (Wayles)  Skelton§ 

Dolly  (Payne)  Todd§ 

Monticello,  Va. 
Montpelier,  Va. 

6.. 

Eliza  Kortwright 

"3" 

6 
3 
6 

2 
1 

4 
2 

Oak  Hill,  "'^a. 

6.. 

7.. 
8.. 

Louisa  Catherine  Johnson 

Rachel  (Donelson)  Robardsl! .  .  . 
Hannah  Hoes 

Quincy,  Mass. 
Hermitage,  Tenn. 
Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 

9.. 

Anna  Symmes 

North  Bend,  O. 

10. 

Letitia  Christian 

Williamsburg,  Va. 

Julia  Gardiner 

11.. 

Sarah  Childress 

Nashville,  Tenn. 

12.. 

Margaret  Smith 

1 
J, 

5 
1 

Baton  Rouge,  La. 
BuCtalo,  N.  Y. 

13.. 

Abigail  Powers 

Caroline  (Carmichael)  McIutosh§ 
Jane  Means  Appleton 

14.. 

3 

Concord,  N.  H. 

15.. 

Wheatland,  Pa. 

16.. 

Lincoln.  .  .  . 

Johnson 

Grant 

Hayes 

Garfield 

Arthur 

Cleveland... 
B.Harrison. 

McKinley.  . 
Roosevelt. . . 

Taf  t 

Wilson 

1842.. 
1827.. 
1848 . . 

1852 .  . 
1858.. 
1859. . 
1886. . 

1853.  . 
1896.. 
1871.. 
1883.. 
1886.. 
1886.. 
1885.. 
1915. . 

Mary  Todd 

1818. 
1810. 
1826. 
1831. 
1833. 
1837. 
1864. 
1832. 
18.58 . 
1844. 

1882. 
1876. 
1902. 
1889. 
1918. 
1880. 

1892; 

i967". 
1884. 

19 14'. 

4 
3 
3 
7 
4 
1 
1 
1 

2 

"2" 
3 

Springfield,  111. 

17.. 

Eliza  McCardle 

Greenville,  Tenn. 

18.. 

Julia  Dent 

Washington,  D.  C. 

19.. 

Lucy  Ware  Webb 

Fremont,  O. 

20.. 

Lucretia  Rudolpli 

Mentor,  O. 

21.. 
22,24.. 

Ellen  Lewis  Herndon 

Frances  Folsom 

New  York  City. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

23.. 

Caroline  Lavinla  Scott 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 

25.. 

Mary  Scott  (Lord)  Dlmmick§ . . . 
Ida  Saxton ■ 

Canton,  O. 

26.. 

Alice  Lee 

Oyster  Bay,  N.  Y. 

Edith  Kermit  Carow 

1861. 
1861. 
1860. 
1872. 

27.. 

Helen  Herron 

Cinelnnati,  O. 

28.. 

Ellen  Louise  Axson 

Princeton,  N.  J. 

Edith  (Boiling)  Galt5 

Washington,  D.  C. 

1                          1        Religious 

No. 

PRESIDENr. 

Politics. 

Inaug. 

Age. 

Years  Served . 

CouuBCtioa. 

Time  of  Death. 

Age. 

1.. 

Washington. 

Federalist.  .  . . 

1789 

57 

7y.  10  mo.  4  d. 

Episcopalian. . .  . 

December  14,  1799. 

67 

2.. 

J.  Adams. . . 

Federalist .... 

1797 

61 

4 

Unitarian 

July  4,  1826 

90 

3.. 

Jefferson .  .  . 

Republican  (a) 

1801 

57 

8 

Liberal  (c) 

July  4,  1826 

83 

4.. 

Madison. . .  . 

Republican .  .  .• 

1809 

57 

8 

Episcopalian. . . . 

June  28,  1836 

85 

5.. 

Monroe.  .  .  . 

Republican.  .  . 

1817 

58 

3 

Episcopalian. . . . 

July  4,  1831 

73 

6.. 

J.  Q.  Adams 

Republican  (b) 

1825 

57 

4 

Unitarian 

February  23,  1843.. 

«() 

7.. 

Jackson .... 

Democrat .... 

1829 

61 

8 

Presbyterian. . .  . 

June  8.  1845 

7H 

8.. 

Van  Buren. . 

Democrat .... 

1837 

54 

4 

Reformed  Dutch 

July  24,  1882 

79 

9.. 

Harrison.  .  . 

VVhis 

1841 

68 

1  mo. 

Episcopalian. . .  . 

April  4,  1841 

68 

10.. 

Tyler 

Democrat.  .  .  . 

1841 

61 

3  y.  11  mo. 

Episcopalian. . . . 

January  17,  1862.  . 

71 

11.. 

Polk 

De.aocrat .... 

1845 

49 

4 

Presbyterian,  , . . 

June  15,  1849 

5:1 

12.. 

Taylor 

Whig 

1849 

64 

1  y.  4  mo.  5  d. 

Episcopalian 

July  9,  1850 

65 

13.. 

Fillmore 

Whig 

1850 

50 

2  y .  7  mo.  26  d. 

Unitarian 

March  8.  1874 

74 

14.. 

Pierce 

Democrat .... 

1853 

48 

4 

Eoiscopalian. .    . 

Octobers,  1869. .  . 

64 

15.. 

Buchanan    . 

Democrat .... 

1857 

65 

4 

Presbyterian. . .  . 

June  1,  1868 

77 

16.. 

Lincoln .... 

Republican . . . 

1861 

52 

4y.  1  mo.  11  d. 

Presbyterian.  . . . 

April  15,  1865 

56 

17.. 

Johnson 

Republican .  . . 

1865 

56 

3y.  lOmo.  19d. 

Methodist  (d) . . . 

July  31,  1875.  .  .    . 

66 

18.. 

Grant 

Republican .  . . 

1869 

46 

8 

Methodist 

July  23,  1885 

63 

19.. 

Hayes 

Republican.  .  . 

1877 

54 

4 

Methodist 

January  17.  1893.  . 

70 

20.. 

Garfield 

Republican .    . 

1881 

49 

6H  mo. 

Disciples 

September  19,  1881 

49 

21.. 

Artiiur 

Republican. . . 

1881 

60 

3  y.  5 '.2  mo. 

Episcopalian. . . . 

November  18,  1SS6 

56 

32.. 

Cleveland.. . 

Democrat .... 

1885 

47 

4 

Presbyterian. . . . 

Juno  24,  1908 

71 

23.. 

B.  Harrison. 

Republican .  .  . 

1889 

55 

4 

Presbyterian. . . . 

March  13,  1901.  .  . 

67 

24.. 

Cleveland. . . 

Democrat .... 

1893 

55 

4 

Presbyterian. . . . 

June  24,  1908 

71 

25.. 

McKinley .  . 

Republican .  . . 

1897 

54 

4y.  6mo.  10  d. 

Methodist 

September  14,  1901 

58 

26.. 

Roosevelt. . . 

Taft 

Wilson 

Republican .  . . 
Republican .  .  . 
Democrat .... 

1901 
1909 
1913 

42 
51 
56 

7  y.  5  mo.  18  d. 

4 

Reformed  Dutch 
Unitarian ....... 

27.. 

28.. 

Presbyterian. . .  . 

.... 

No, 

President. 

Cause  of  Death. 

Place  of  Death. 

Place  of  Burial. 

1.. 

Washington. 
J.  Adams. . . 
Jefferson .  .  . 
Madison. . . . 
Monroe .... 
J.  Q.  Adams 
Jackson .... 
Van  Buren.. 
Harrison . .  . 

Tyler 

Polk 

Taylor 

Fillmore 

Pierce 

Buchanan.  . 

Lincoln 

Johnson. . . . 

Grant 

Hayes 

Garfield 

Pneumonia 

Mount  Vernon,  Va. . . 

2.. 

Debility 

Quincjy,  Mass 

Monticello,  Va 

Montpelier,  Va 

New  Yorlj  City 

Washington,  D.  C.  .  . 
Hermitage,  Tenn. , . . 
Lindenwold.  N.  Y.  .  . 
Washington,  D.  C.  .  . 

Richmond,  Va 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Washington,  D.  C.  .  . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Concord,  N.  H 

Wheatland,  Pa 

Washington,  D.  C .  . . 
Carter's  Depot,  Tenn. 
Mt.  McGregor,  N.  Y . 

Fremont,  O 

Long  Branch.  N.  J.. . 

First  Cong.  Churchy,  Quincy,  Mass. 
Monticello,  Albemarle  Co.,  Va. 
Montpelier,  Orange  Co.,  Va. 

3.. 

■    4 

Chronic  Diarrhoea 

Debility 

5.. 

Debility 

Hollywood  Cemetery,  Richmond,  Va. 

6.. 

Paralysis 

First  Cong.  Church,  Quincy,  Mass. 

7. 

Consumption 

Hermitage,  near  Nashville,  Tenn. 

8.. 

9.. 

10.. 

Asthmatic  Catarrh 

Bilious  Pleurisy 

Bilious  Attack 

Cemetery,  Kinderhook,  N.  Y. 
North  Bend,  Hamilton  Co.,  O. 
Hollywood,  Cemetery,  Richmond,  Va. 

11.. 
12.. 

Chronic  Diarrhoea 

Bilious  Fever /. . 

Polk  Place,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

13.. 

Debility '.  . 

14.. 
15.. 
16.. 

Inflammation  of  Stomach 

Rheumatic  Gout 

Assassination 

Minot  Lot.  Old  Gem.,  Concord,  N.  H. 
Woodward  Hill-  Cem.,  Lancaster,  Pa, 
Oak  Ridge  Cemetery,  Springfield,  111. 
Greenvitlft   Greene  Go     Tenn 

17.. 

Paralysis 

18.. 

Cancer. 

Riverside  Park   New  York  Citv. 

19.. 
20.. 

Paralysis  of  the  Heart. . . 
Assassination 

Private  ground,  Fremont,  O. 
Lake  View  Cemetery,  Cleveland,  O. 

The  Centre  of  Population. 


139 


THE   PRESIDENTS   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES— Con««aed. 


No. 

PRESIDENT. 

Cause  ot  Death. 

Place  of  Death. 

Place  of  Burial. 

21.. 
22.24.. 
23 

Arthur 

Cleveland. . . 
B.  Harrison. 
McKinley .  . 

Bright's  Disease 

Debility 

New  York  City 

Princeton,  N.  J 

Indianapolis,  Ind. . .  . 
Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Rural  Cemetery,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Cemetery,  Princeton,  N.  J. 

Crown  Hill  Cem.,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Cemetery,  Canton,  O. 

25.'. 

Assassination 

NOTES  TO  THE  TABLES  OF  THE  PRESIDENTS, 

*  Monroe  abandoned  the  profession  of  law  when  a  young  man,  and  was  afterward,  and  until  his  elec- 
tion, always  holding  public  office,  t  JackSon  called  himself  a  South  Carolinian,  and  his  biographer,  Kendall, 
recorded  his  birthplace  in  Lancaster  Co..  S.  C;  but  Parton  has  published  documentary  evidence  to  show 
that  Jackson  was  born  in  Union  Co.,  N.  C,  less  than  a  quarter  mile  from  the  South  Carolina  line,  t  Or 
of  departure  from  college. 

§  Widows.  Their  maiden  names  are  in  parentheses.  1  She  was  the  divorced  wife  of  Captain  Robards. 
(a)  The  Democratic  party  of  to-day  claims  lineal  descent  from  the  first  Republican  party,  and  President 
Jefferson  as  its  founder.  (6)  Political  parties  were  disorganized  at  the  time  of  the  election  of  John  Quincy 
Adams.  He  claimed  to  be  a  Republican,  but  his  doctrines  were  decidedly  Federalistic.  The  opposition 
to  his  administration  took  the  name  of  Democrats,  and  elected  Jackson  President. 

(c)  Randall,  the  biographer  of  Jefferson,  declares  that  he  was  a  believer  in  Christianity,  although  not 
a  sectarian,  (d)  While  President  Johnson  was  not  a  church-member,  he  was  a  Christian  believer.  His 
wife  v/as  a  Methodist. 

Washington's  first  inauguration  was  in  New  York,  and  his  second  in  Philadelphia.  Adams  was  in- 
augurated In  Philadelphia,  and  Jefferson  and  the  Presidents  following  elected  by  the  people,  in  the  city  of 
Washington.  Arthur  took  the  Presidential  oath  of  office  first  in  New  York  City.  John  Adams  and  Jefferson 
died  on  the  same  day,  the  Fourth  of  July,  1826,  and  Monroe  died  on  the  Fourth  of  July  Ave  years  later. 
John  Quincy  Adams  was  a  Representative  and  Andrew  Johnson  a  Senator  in  Congress  after  the  expiration 
of  their  Presidential  terms,  and  both  died  while  holding  those  ofiices.  Tyler  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Confederate  Congress  from  Virginia,  and  died  in  olflce. 

Lincoln,  Garfield  and  McKinley  were  assa.ssinated  while  in  office.  Lincoln  at  Ford's  Theatre,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  April  14,  1865,  from  a  pistol  shot  fired  by  John  Wilkes  Booth,  who  was  killed  near  Fredericksburg, 
Va.,  April  26,  1865,  by  Sergeant  Boston  Corbett.  Garfield  was  shot  in  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Depot, 
Washington,  D.  C,  July  2,  1881,  and  died  at  Elberon,  Loug  Branch,  N.  J.,  September  19,  1881.  The  assassin 
was  Charles  Jules  Guiteau,  who  was  hanged  at  Washington,  D.  C,  June  30,  1882.  McKinley  was  shot 
twice  September  6,  1901,  while  in  the  Temple  of  Music  of  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
and  died  from  his  wounds  at  the  home  of  John  G.  Milbarn,  Buffalo,  September  14,  1901.  The  assassin  was 
Louis  Czolgosz,  who  was  electrocuted  at  Auburn  State  Prison,  New  York,  October  29,  1901. 

Jackson  was  shot  at  in  the  Capitol  at  Washington,  D.  C,  January  29,  1835,  by  a  house  painter  named 
Richard  Lawrence,  escaping  because  the  pistol  of  the  assassin  "missed  lire.  Ex-President  Roosevelt  was  shot 
and  wounded  by  John  Schrank,  an  insane  man,  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  October  14,  1912. 

Cleveland  after  taking  the  oath  as  President,  kissed  the  open  Bible,  his  lips  touching  Psalm  cxn., 
verses  5-10,  Inclusive.     Garfield's  first  act  after^taking  the  oath  was  to  kiss  his  mother. 

The  sixth  President  was  the  son  of  the  second  President,  and  the  twenty-third  President  was  the  grand- 
son of  the  ninth  President.  William  Henry  Harrison  was  the  eighth  and  Benjamin  Harrison  the  tenth  in 
descent  from  Pocahontas  and  John  Rolfe.  Lincoln  was  the  first  President  wearing  a  full  beard.  Grant 
the  first  wearing  a  mustache.  Buchanan  and  Cleveland  were  bachelors  when  they  entered  the  White  House 
as  Presidents,  but  Cleveland  surrendered  during  his  first  term.  Washington,  Monroe,  Pierce  and  Hayes 
were  born  on  Friday.  J.  Q.  Adams,  Pierce  and  Garfield  were  inaugurated- on  Friday.  Tyler,  Polk  and  Pierce 
died  on  Friday.     Lincoln  was  assassinated  on  Friday. 

There  were  remarkable  coincidences  in  the  lives  of  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Jefferson  Davis.  Both  were 
born  in  Kentucky;  Lincoln  In  1809,  Davis  in  1808.  Both  removed  from  their  native  state  in  childhood, 
Lincoln  to  the  Northwest,  Davis  to  the  Southwest.  Lincoln  was  a  Captain  of  Volunteers  and  Davis  a  Second 
Lieutenant  of  Regulars  In  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  1832.  They  began  their  political  careers  the  same  year, 
1844,  Lincoln  being  a  Presidential  Elector  for  Clay,  and  Davis  for  Polk.  They  were  elected  to  Congress 
about  the  same  time,  1845  and  1846.  They  were  called  to  preside  over  their  respective  governments  the 
same  j'ear  and  within  a  few  days;  Davis,  February  8,  1861-  Lincoln,  March  4,  1861. 

Washington,  Monroe,  and  Jackson  were  soldiers  in  the  Revolutionary  war;  Jackson,  W.  H.  Harrison, 
Tyler,  Taylor,  and  Buchanan  in  the  war  of  1812-1.0;  Lincoln  in  the  Black  Hawk  war;  Taylor,  Pierce,  and 
Grant  in  the  Mexican  war;  Grant,  Hayes,  Garfield.  Arthur,  B.  Harrison,  and  McKinley  in  the  Civil  War, 
and  Roosevelt  was  in  the  war  with  Spain.  Adams  and  Jefferson  were  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  Washington  and  Madison  of  the  Constitution. 

Grant  was  christened  Hiram  Ulysses  and  Cleveland,  Stephen  Grover.  W.  H.  Harrison  was  the  oldest 
man  elected  to  the  Presidency,  and  Roosevelt  the  youngest,  Grant  being  the  next  youngest  by  six  months. 
Cleveland  was  the  only  President  married  in  the  White  House,  and  his  second  daughter  the  only  President's 
child  born  therein.  Monroe's  daughter  (Mrs.  Gouverneur) ,  Tyler's  daughter  (Mrs.  Waller) ,  Grant's  daughter 
(Mrs.  Sartoris),  Roosevelt's  daughter  (Mrs.  Longworth)  and  Wilson's  daughters,  Jessie  (Mrs.  Sayre)  and 
Eleanor  (Mrs.  JMcAdoo)  were  the  only  children  of  Presidents  married  therein.  Wives  of  Tyler,  Benjamin 
Harrison,  and  Wilson  died  In  the  White  House.  W.  H.  Harrison  was  father  of  the  largest  family,  six  sons 
and  four  daughters.  Eight  Presidents:  Washington,  Jefferson,  Madison,  Monroe,  W.  H.  Harrison,  Tylur, 
Taylor,  and  Wilson  were  Virginians  by  birth.  Six  Presidents:  Grant,  Hayes,  Garfield,  B.  Harrison,  Mc- 
Kinley, and  Taft,  were  Ohioans  by  birth. 


THE    CENTRE    OF    POPULATION. 


Census  Year. 


1790. 
1800. 
1810. 
1820. 
1830. 
1840. 
1850. 
1860. 
1870. 
1880. 
1890. 
1900. 
1910. 


Approximate  Location  by  Important  Towns. 


23  miles  East  of  Baltimore,  Md 

18  miles  West  of  Baltimore.  Md 

40  miles  Northwest  by  West  of  Washington,  D.  ( 
16  miles  North  of  Woodstock,  Va.  .-» 

19  miles  West-Southwest  of  Moorefield,  W.  Va.*. 

16  miles  South  of  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.* 

23  miles  Southeast  of  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.* 

20  miles  South  of  Chllllcothe,  Ohio 

48  miles  East  by  North  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

3  miles  West  by  South  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio 

20  miles  East  of  Columbus,  Ind 

6  miles  Southeast  of  Columbus,  Ind 

In  the  City  of  Bloomlngton,  Ind.  .  . 


From  Point 

to  Point  In 

Direct  Line.t 


40.6 
36.9 
50.5 
40.4 
55.0 
54.8 
80.6 
44.1 
68.1 
48.6 
14.6 
39.0 


♦West  Virginia  formed  part  of  Virginia  until  1860. 
decade 


t  Movement  In  miles  during  preceding 


140 


Presidential  Elections— Continued. 


SUMMARY    OF    ELECTORAL    VOTE,  1856-1 916. 

1789.  Previous  to  1804,  each  elector  voted  for  two  candidates  lor  President.  The  one  who  received 
the  largest  number  of  votes  was  declared  President,  and  the  one  who  received  the  next  largest  number  of 
votes  was  declared  Vice-President.  The  electoral  votes  lor  the  first  President  of  the  United  States  were: 
George  Washington,  &9:  John  Adams,  of  Massachusetts,  34;  John  Jay,  of  New  York,  9;  R.  H.  Harrison, 
of  Maryland,  6;  John  Rutledge,  of  South  Carolina.  6;  John  Hancoclc,  of  Massachusetts,  4;  George  Clinton, 
of  New  York,  3;  Samuel  Huntingdon,  of  Connecticut,  2;  John  Milton,  of  Georgia,  2;  James  Armstrong,  of 
Georgia;  Benjamin  Lincoln,  of  Massachusetts,  and  Edward  Telfair,  of  Georgia,  1  vote  each  Vacancies 
(votes  not  cast),  4.     George  Washington  was  chosen  President  and  John  Adams  Vice-President. 

1792.  George  Washington,  Federalist,  received  132  votes;  John  Adams,  Federalist,  77;  George  Clinton, 
of  New  York,  Republican  50'  Thomas  Jefferson,  of  Virginia,  Republican,  4;  Aaron  BuiT,  of  New  Yorlt, 
Republican,  1  vote.   Vacancies,  3.   George  Washington  was  chosen  President  and  John  Adams  Vice-President. 

1796.  John  Adams.  Federalist,  71;  Thomas  Jefferson,  Republican,  68;  Thomas  Pinckney,  of  South 
Carolina,  Federalist.  69;  Aaron  Burr,  of  New  York,  Republican,  30;  Samuel  Adams,  of  Massachusetts, 
Republican,  15;  Oliver  Ellsworth,  of  Connecticut,  Independent.  II;  George  Clinton,  of  New  York.  Repub- 
lican, 7;  John  Jay,  of  New  York,  Federalist,  5;  James  Iredell,  of  North  Carolina,  Federalist,  3:  George 
Washington,  of  Virginia;  John  Henry,  of  Maryland,  and  S.  Johnson,  of  North  Carolina,  all  Federalists,  2 
votes  each;  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney,  of  South  Carolina,  Federalist,  l.vote.  John  Adams  was  chosen 
President  and  Thomas  Jefferson  Vice-President. 

1800.  Thomas  Jefferson,  Republican,  73;  Aaron  Burr,  Republican,  73;  John  Adams,  Federalist,  65: 
Charles  C.  Pinckney,  Federalist,  64;  John  Jay,  Federalist,  1  vote.  There  being  a  tie  vote  for  Jefferson  and 
Burr,  the  choice  devolved  upon  the  House  of  Representatives.  Jefferson  received  the  votes  of  ten  .States, 
which,  being  the  largest  vote  cast  for  a  candidate,  elected  him  President.  Burr  received  the  votes  of  four 
States,  which,  being  the  next  largest  vote,  elected  him  Vice-President.     There  were  2  blank  votes. 

1804.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  having  been  amended,  the  electors  at  this  election  voted 
fo.  a  P  esldent  and  a  Vice-President,  instead  of  for  two  candidates  for  President.  The  result  was  as  follows: 
For  President,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Republican,  162;  Charles  C.  Pinckney,  Federalist,  14.  For  Vice-Presi- 
dent, George  Clinton,  Republican,  162;  Rufus  King,  of  New  York,  Federalist,  14.  Jefferson  was  chosen 
President  anfl  Clinton  Vice-President. 

1808.  For  President,  James  Madison,  of  Virginia,  Republican,  122:  Charles  C.  Pinckney,  of  South 
Carolina,  Federalist,  47;  George  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Republican,  6.  For  Vice-President.  George  Clinton, 
Republican,  113;  Rufus  King,  of  New  York,  Federalist,  47;  John  Langdon,  of  New  Hampshire,  9;  James 
Madison,  3;  James  Monroe,  3.     Vacancy,  1.     Madison  was  chosen  President  and  Clinton  Vice-President. 

1812.  For  President,  James  Madison,  Republican,  128;  De  Witt  Clinton,  of  New  York,  Federalist, 
89.  For  Vice-President,  Elbridge  Gerry,  of  Massachusetts,  131 ;  Jared  Ingersoll,  of  Pennsylvania,  Federalist, 
86.     Vacancy,  1.     Madison  was  chosen  President  and  Gerry  Vice-President. 

1816.  For  President,  James  Monroe,  of  Virginia,  Republican,  183;  Rufus  King,  of  New  York,  Fed- 
eralist, 34.  For  Vice-President.  Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  of  New  York,  Republican,  183;  John  Eager  Howard, 
of  Maryland,  Federalist,  22;  James  Ross,  of  Pennsylvania,  5;  John  Marshall,  of  Virginia,  4;  Robert  G. 
Harper,  of  Maryland,  3.     Vacancies,  4.     Monroe  was  chosen  President  and  Tompkins  Vice-President. 

1820.  For  President,  James  Monroe,  of  Virginia,  Republican  231;  John  Q.  Adams,  of  Massachusetts, 
Republican,  1.  For  Vice-President,  Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  Republican,  218;  Richard  Stockton,  of  New  Jersey, 
8;  Daniel  Rodney,  of  Delaware,  4;  Robert  G.  Harper,  of  Maryland,  and  Richard  Rush,  ot  Pennsylvania,  1 
vote  each.     Vacancies,  3.     James  Monroe  was  chosen  President  and  Daniel  D.  Tompkins  Vice-President. 

1824.  For  President,  Andrew  Jackson,  of  Tennessee,  Republican,  99;  John  Quincy  Adams,  of  Massa- 
chusetts, Republican  84;  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky.  Republican,  37:  William  H.  Crawford,  of  Georgia. 
Republican,  41.  For  Vice-President,  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  Republican,  182;  Nathan  Sanford, 
of  New  York,  Republican,  30:  Nathaniel  Macon,  of  North  Carolina  Republican,  24;  Andrew  Jackson,  of 
Tennessee,  Republican,  13:  Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York,  Republican,  9;  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky, 
Republican,  2;  Calhoun  was  chosen  Vice-President. 

1828.  For  President,  Andrew  Jackson,  of  Tennessee,  Democrat,  178;  John  Quincy  Adams  of  Massa- 
chusetts, National  Republican,  83.  For  Vice-President,  John  C.  Calhoun,  of  South  Carolina,  Democrat  171: 
Richard  Rush,  of  Pennsylvania,  National  Republican,  83:  William  Smith,  of  South  Carolina.  Democrat,  7. 

1832.  For  President,  Andrew  Jackson,  of  Tennessee,  Democrat.  219;  Henry  Clay,  of  Kentucky, 
National  Republican,  49;  John  Floyd,  of  Georgia,  Independent,  11:  William  Wirt,  of  Maryland.  Anti- 
Mason,  7.  For  Vice-President,  Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York,  Democrat,  189 ;  John  Sergeant,  of  Penn- 
sylvania. National  Republican,  49;  Henry  Lee,  ot  Massachusetts,  Independent,  H;  Amos  F.llmaker,  of 
Pennsylvania,  Anti-Mason,  7;  William  Wilklns,  of  Pennsylvania    Democrat,  30. 

1836.  For  President,  Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York,  Democrat,  170;  Wm.  Henry  Harrison,  of  Ohio, 
Whig,  73;  Hugh  L.  White,  of  Tennessee,  Whig,  26;  Daniel  Webster,  of  Massachusetts,  Whig,  14:  Wm  P.  Man- 
giun,  of  North  Carolina.  Whig,  11.  For  Vice-President.  Richard  M.Johnson,  of  Kentucky.  Democrat,  147; 
F.Granger.olNew  York,  Whig, 77:  John  Tyler, of  Virginia,  Whig, 47;  Wm.  Smith,  of  Alabama,  Democrat,  23. 

1840.  For  President,  William  Henry  Harrison,  of  Ohio,  Whig,  234:  Martin  Van  Buren,  of  New  York, 
Democrat,  60.  For  Vice-President,  John  Tyler,  of  Virginia,  Whig,  234:  Richard  M.  Johnson,  of  Kentucky 
Democrat,  48;  Littleton  W.  Tazewell,  of  Virginia,  Democrat,  11 :  James  K.  Polk,  of  Tennessee,  Democrat,  1. 

1844.  For  President,  J.  K.  Polk,  of  Tennessee,  Democrat.  170;  H.  Clay,  of  Kentucky,  Whig.  105.  For 
Vice-President,  G.  M.  Dallas,  of  Pennsylvania,  Democrat,  170:  T.  Frelinghuysen,  of  New  Jersey,  Wuig.  105. 

1848.  For  President,  Zach.  Taylor,  of  Louisiana,  Whig,  163;  Lewis  Cass  of  Michigan,  Democrat  127. 
For  Vice-President.  Millard  Fillmore,  of  New  York,  Whig.  163;  Wm.  O  Butler,  of  Kentucky,  Democrat  127, 

1852.  For  President,  Franklin  Pierce,  of  New  Hampshire,  Democrat,  254;  Winfleld  Scott,  of  New 
Jersey,  Whig.  42.  For  Vice-President,  William  R.  King  of  Alabama,  Democrat,  254;  William  A.  Graham, 
ot  North  Carolina,  Whig,  42. 

ELECTORAL  AND  POPULAR  VOTES. 


Presidential  Elections — Continued. 


141 


Year 

Elec- 
tion. 

Candidates 

for 
President. 

States. 

Polit- 
ical 
Party. 

Popular 
Vote. 

Plu- 
rality. 

Elec 
toral 
Vote 

Candidates 

for 

Vice-President. 

States. 

Polit- 
ical 
Party. 

Elec 
toral 
Vote 

1872. . 

Ulysses  S.  Grant* . . 
Horace  Greeley .... 
Charles  O'Conor... 

Jamea  Black 

Thos.  A.  Hendricks 
B.  Gratz  Brown.  .  . 
C^harles  J.  Jenkins. . 
David  Davis 

ni.... 

N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
Pa.... 
Ind... 
Mo... 
Ga.... 

ni.... 

Rep 

D.&L. 
Dem . . . 
Temp . . 
Dem . . . 

3,597,070 

2,834,079 

29,403 

5.603 

762,991 

236 

Henry  Wilson* 

B.  Gratz  Brown... 
John  Q.  Adams  — 

John  Russell 

George  W.  Julian . . 

A.  H.  Colquitt 

John  M.  Palmer.. . 
T.  E.  Bramlette . . . 
W.  S.  Groesbeck  .. 
Willis  B.  Machen .  . 
N.  P.  Banks 

Mass. . 
Mo... 
Mass. . 
Mich.. 
Ind... 
Ga.... 
Ill 

Ky.  .. 
Mass. . 

Rep 

D.&L. 
Dem... 
Temp . . 
Lib.... 
Dem... 
Dem . . . 
Dem . . . 
Dem . . . 
Dem... 
Lib.... 

286 
47 

" 

42 

18 
2 

1 

5 

Dem . . . 

s 

Dem . . . 

3 

Ind .... 

3 

1 
1 
1 

1876.. 

Samuel  J.  TUden. . . 
Ruth'f 'd  B.  Hayes* 

Peter  Cooper 

Green  Clay  Smith. . 
James  B.Walker. . 

N.  Y.. 

O 

N.  Y.. 

Dem . . . 

Rep 

Gre'nb . 
Proh . . . 
Amer .  . 

4,284,885 

4,033,950 

81,740 

9,522 

2,636 

250,935 

184 
185 

T.  A.  Hendricks. . . 
Wm.  A.  Wheeler* . . 

Samuel  F.  Cary 

Gideon  T.  Stewart . 
D.  Kirkpatrick .... 

Ind . . . 
N.  Y.. 
O..... 
O 

N.  Y.. 

Dem... 

Rep 

Gre'nb. 
Proh . . . 
Amer .  . 

184 
185 

1880. . 

James  A.  Garfield*. 

W.  S.  Hancock 

James  B.  Weaver .  . 

Neal  Dow 

John  W.  Phelps.  .  . 

o 

Pa ... . 
Iowa. . 
Me. .. 
Vt . . . . 

Rep. . . . 
Dem . . . 
Gre'nb . 
Proh . . . 
Amer.  . 

4,449,053 

4,442,035 

307,306 

10,305 

707 

7,018 

214 

-  155 

Chester  A.  Arthur* 
William  H.  English 

B.  J.  Chambers 

H.  A.  Thompson... 
S.  C.  Pomeroy 

N.  Y.. 
Ind . . . 
Tex... 

O 

Kan.. 

Rep 

Dem . . . 
Gre'nb. 
Proh . . . 
Amer.  . 

214 
■    155 

1884. . 

Grover  Cleveland*. 
James  G.  Blaine . .  . 
John  P.  St.  John. .  . 
Benjamin  F.  Butler 
P.  D.  Wlgginton . .  . 

N.  Y.. 

Me.  .. 
Kan.. 
Mass.. 
Cal... 

Dem . . . 

Rep 

Proh . . . 
Gre'nb . 
Amer . . 

4,911,017 

4,848,334 

151,809 

133.825 

62,683 

219 
182 

T.  A.  Hendricks* .  . 
John  A.  Logan .... 
William  Daniel .... 
A.  M.  West 

Ind . . . 
HI ... . 
Md... 

Miss . . 

Dem . . . 

Rep 

Proh . . . 
Gre'nb. 

219 
182 

1888. . 

Grover  Cleveland . . 
Ben].  Harrison* .  .  . 
Clinton  B.  Flsk .... 
Alson  J.  Streeter..  . 

R.  H.  Covjdry 

James  L.  Curtis .  .  . 

N.  Y.. 
Ind . . . 
N.  J.. 

lU 

lU.... 
N.  Y. 

Dem... 

Rep 

Proh . . . 
U.  L... 
U'dL.. 
Amer . . 

5,538,2.33 

5,440,216 

249,907 

148,105 

2,808 

1,591 

98,017 

168 
233 

Allen  G.  Thurman . 
Levi  P.  Morton*. .  . 

John  A.  Brooks 

C.  E.  Cunningham . 
W..H.  T.  Wakefield 
.Tames  B.  Greer . . . 

O 

N.  Y.. 
Mo... 
Ark . . . 
Kan .  . 
Tenn. . 

Dem . . . 
Rep.... 
Proh . . . 
U.  L... 
U'dL.. 
Amer.  . 

168 
233 

.... 

•   •  •  • 

1892.. 

Grover  Cleveland*. 
Benjamin  Harrison 
James  B.  Weaver . . 

John  Bidwell 

Simon  Wing 

NY.. 
Ind... 
Iowa. . 
Cal... 
Mass.. 

Dem . . . 
Rep. . . . 
Peop... 
Proh . . . 
Soc.  L. . 

5,556,918 

5,176,108 

1,041,028 

264,133 

21,161 

380,810 



277 
145 
22 

Adlai  E.Stevenson* 

Whitelaw  Reld 

James  G.  Field 

James  B.  CranflU.  . 
Chas.  H.  Matchett. 

III.... 
N.  Y.. 
Va . . . . 
Tex . . . 

N.  Y.. 

Dem . . . 

Rep 

Peop. . . 
Proh... 
Soc.  L.. 

277 

145 

22 

1896.. 

Wm.  McKlnley*... 
William  J.  Bryan. . 
William  J.  Bryan.  . 
Joshua  Levering . . . 
John  M.  Palmer . .  . 
Chas.  H.  Matchett. 
Charles  E.  Bentley. 

O 

Neb. . . 
Neb. . . 
Md... 

Ill 

N.Y.. 
Neb. . . 

Rep 

Dem.l 
Peop. J 
Proh . . . 

N.Dem. 
Soc.  L. . 

Nat.... 

7,104,779 

6,502,925 

132,007 

133,148 

36,274 

13,969 

601,854 

271 
176 

Garret  A.  Hobart*. 

Arthur  Sewall 

Thomas  E.  Watson 

Hale  Johnson 

Simon  B.  Buckner . 
Matthew  Maguire. 
James  H.  Southgate 

N.  J.  . 
Me... 
Ga. . . . 
111.... 
Ky... 
N.  J.  . 
N.  C. 

Rep 

Dem . . . 
Peop . . . 
Proh . . . 
N.Dem. 
Soc.  L. . 
Nat 

271 
149 

27 

1900.. 

Wm.  McKinley*... 
William  J.  Bryan.  . 
John  G.  Woolley. . . 
Wharton  Barker . . . 
Eui?eneV.  Debs... 
Jos.  F.  Malloney . . . 
J.  F.  R.  Leonard . .  . 
Seth  H.Ellis 

O 

Neb. . . 

Ill 

Pa ... . 
Ind . . . 
Mass. . 
Iowa. . 
O 

Rep — 
Dem.  P. 
Proh . . 
MP  .  .. 
Soc.  D. 
Soc.  L. . 
UC... 
U  R.... 

7,207,923 

6,358,133 

208,914 

50,373 

87,814 

39;739 

1,059 

5,698 

849,790 

292 
155 

Theo.  Roosevelt* . . 
Adlai  E.  Stevenson. 
Henry  B.  Metcalf.. 
Ignatius  Donnelly.. 

Job  Harriraan 

Valentine  Remmel . 
,Tohn  G.  Woolley. . . 

N.  Y.. 

Ill 

O 

Minn.. 
Cal . . . 
Pa.... 
Ill ... . 
Pa ... . 

Rep 

Dem. P. 
Proh . . . 
MP.... 
Soc.  D . 
Soc.  L. . 
U  C 

292 
155 

.... 

Sam.  T.  Nicholson . 

UR.... 

1904.. 

Theo.  Roosevelt* . . 
Alton  B.  Parker. .  . 
Eugene  V.  Debs.  .  . 
Silas  C.  Swallow . . . 
Tiiomas  E.  Watson 
Chas.  H.  Corrigan . 

N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
Ind . . . 
Pa ... . 
Ga. . . . 
N.  Y.. 

Rep 

Dem . . . 
Soc... 
Proh . . . 
Peop . . . 
Soc.  L. . 

7,623,486 

5,077,911 

402,283 

258,536 

117,183 

31,219 

2,545,515 

336 
14Q 

Chas.W.Falrbanks* 
Henry  G.  Davis .  . . 
Benjamin  Hanford. 
George  W.  Carroll . 
Thomas  H.  Tibbies 
William  W.  Cox... 

Ind . . . 
W.Va. 
N.  Y.. 
Tex . . . 
Neb... 
111.... 

Rep 

Dem . . . 

Soc 

Proh... 
Peop . . . 
Soc.  L. . 

336 
140 

.  .  .*. 

—^ 

1908.. 

William  H.  Taft* :  . 
AVilliam  J.  Bryan.  . 
Eugene  V.  Debs .  .  . 
Eugene  W.  Chafln . 
Thos.  E.  Watson. . 
Au(;ust  GUlhaus. . . 
Thos  L.  Hisgen  — 

O 

Neb. . . 
Ind . . . 
Ariz... 
Ga. . . . 
N.  Y.. 
Mass. 

Rep 

Dem . . . 

Soc 

Proh... 
Peop. . . 
Soc.  L. . 
Ind ... . 

7,678,908 

6,409,104 

420,793 

253,840 

29,100 

13,825 

82,872 

1,269,804 

321 

162 

James  S.  Sbermau* 

John  W.  Kern 

Benjamin  Hanford. 
Aaron  S.  Watkins . . 
Samuel  Williams .  . 
Donald  L.  Munro. . 
Jno.  Temple  Graves 

N.  Y.. 
Ind... 
N.  Y.. 
O...   . 
Ind . . . 
Va.... 
Ga. . . . 

Rep. . . . 
Dem . . . 
Soc .... 

321 
162 

Proh . . . 
Peop. . . 
Soc.  L. . 
Ind.... 

.... 

.... 

1912.. 

Woodrow  Wilson* . 
William  H.  Taft . . 
Theo.  Roosevelt. . . 
Eugene  V.  Debs. . . 
Eugene  W.  Chafia. 
Arthur  E.Relmer. 

N.J.. 
o....< 

N.  Y.. 
Ind... 
Ariz.. 
Mass. 

Dem . . . 

Rep 

Prog . . . 

Soc 

Proh . . . 
Soc.  L. . 

6,293,019 

3,484,956 

4,119,507 

901,873 

207,928 

29,259 

2,173,512 

435 

8 

88 

Thos.  R.  Marshall* 
Nicholas  M.  Butler 
Hiram  W.  Johnson. 

Emll  Seidel 

Aaron  S.  Watklna . . 
August  GUlhaus .  . . 

Ind . . . 

N.  Y.. 
Cal... 
Wis... 
O 

N.Y.. 

Dem . . . 
Rep. . . . 
Prog . . . 

Soc 

Proh . . . 
.Soc.  L. . 

435 

3 

88 

•    •    •    • 

19t6. 

Woodrow  Wilson* . 
Charles  E.Hughes. 
AHati  .T   BetiHon 

N.J.. 

N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
Ind . . . 
Mass. 

Dem . . . 

Rep 

Soc... 
Proh... 
Soc.  L. . 

9,129,269 

8,547,328 

590,579 

221,329 

14.180 

581,941 

277 
254 

Thos.  R.'Marshall* 
Chas.  W.  Fairbanks 
Geo.  R.  Kirkpatrick 

Ira  Landrith 

Caleb  Harrison 

Ind... 
Ind . . . 
N.  J.  . 
Mass. . 
111.... 

Dem . . . 

Rep 

Soc 

Proh . . . 
Soc.  L. . 

277 
254 

J.  Frank  Hanly 

Arthur  E.  Reimer. 

I 

.... 

♦  The  candidates  starred  were  elected. 


142 


Federal  and  Constitutional  Amendments. 


OHIO    VOTE    ON    PROHIBITION   AND    SUFFRAGE     1917. 


Counties. 


Adams.  . 
Allen.... 
Ashland . 
Ashtabula.. 
Athens. . . . 
Auglaize . . . 
Belmont . . . 

Brown 

Butler 

Carroll 

Champaign 
Clark .... 
Clermont. 
Clinton . . . 
Col'mbiana 
Coshocton . 
Crawford . . 
Cuyahoga. . 

Darke 

Defiance... 
Delaware. . 

Erie 

Fairfield.. , 
Fayette. . . . 
Franklin . . . 

Fulton 

Gallia 

Geauga .... 
Greene .... 
Guernsey . . 


PEOHIBI- 
TION. 


Yes.  No. 


2,872 
6,982 
3,742 
7,211 
5,696 
2,830 
8,556 
2,767 
6,871 
2,422 
3,677 
8,390 
3,412 
3,378 
9,454 
3,984 
4,476 

49,585 
6,497 
3,040 
3.1 
3,196 
5,061 
2,593 

25,506 
2,822 
2,764 
1,580 
3,813 
5,375 


1,659 

6,311 

2,222 

3,r"" 

3,( 

3,477 

6,813 

2,473 

10,692 
1,069 
2,449 
7,794 
3,096 
2,072 
6,979 
2.839 
4.096 

77,555 
4,388 
2,726 
2,082 
5,376 
3,578 
1,769 

23,317 
1,788 
1,420 
796 
2,692 
2,840 


Woman 

Suffrage 


Yes. I  No. 


1,830 

6.289 

2.845 

6.311 

4.334 

2.080 

6,798 

1,'898 

5.737 

1.824 

2.561 

6.667 

2,252 

2,357 

7.! 

3.( 

3,648 

52.613 
3,659 
2.473 
2.961 
2.957 
3.767 
1.819 

23,374 
2,237 
1,825 
1.320 
2,879 
4.018 


2,447 
6.518 
2.899 
3,991 
4,116 
3,847 
7.703 
3,054 

10,854 
1,496 
3,C8o 
8,706 
3,761 
2.860 
6,699 
3,316 
4,598 

68,390 
5,697 
3,016 
2,692 
6,203 
4,382 
2,275 

25,035 
2,063 
2,016 
919 
3,330 
3,769 


Prohibi- 

f  Woman 

tion. 

Suffrage  . 

Counties. 

Yes. 

No. 

Yes 

No. 

Hamilton . . 

26,307 

83,288 

20.892 

82,399 

Hancock. . . 

6,371 

3,466 

4.198 

4,278 

Haidln 

4,149 

3.046 

3.021 

3,925 

Harrison. . . 

3.000 

820 

1.932 

1.449 

Henry 

2,741 

2.710 

2,oia 

3,201 

Highland .  . 

4,047 

2,343 

2,620 

3,2.53 

Hocking . .  . 

2,728 

1.861 

1.945 

2,359 

Holmes .... 

1.785 

1,229 

1.171 

1,693 

Huron 

4.140 

3,598 

3,416 

3,967 

Jackson . .  . 

3,063 

2,134 

2.253 

2.501 

JeCferaon. . . 

7,132 

4,668 

5,424 

5,677 

Knox 

4,289 

2,816 

3.197 

3,631 

Lake 

3,068 

1,700 

2,649 

1,826 

Lawrence . . 

3,972 

2,484 

.2.388 

3,217 

Licking.... 

6,684 

5,758 

6,447 

6.626 

Logan 

4.651 

2,206 

3,069 

3.362 

Lorain 

7,813 

6,068 

6.529 

6,740 

Lucas. 

21,088 

27,843 

21,308 

24.953 

Madison.. . 

2,773 

1.915 

2,137 

2,247 

Mahoning.. 

13,716 

10,806 

11,760 

11,336 

Marton .... 

4.767 

3,375 

3,598 

4.293 

Madina. .. . 

3.112 

2,041 

2.311 

2,473 

Meigs 

3.369 

2,136 

2,445 

2,499 

Mercer. . . . 

2,766 

3,058 

2.119 

3,444 

Miami .... 

6,336 

4,605 

4.647 

5,647 

Monroe. . . . 

2,193 

2,006 

1,386 

2,416 

Montgom'y 

19,130 

22.662 

14,426 

24,727 

Morgan. . . : 

2.256 

1,039 

1,670 

1,430 

Morrow .  .  . 

2.691 

1.245 

1.955 

1,723 

COtTNTIES. 


Musking'm 

Noble 

Ottawa . . . 
Paulding. . 
Perry .... 
Pickaway . 

Pike 

Portage. . . 

Preble 

Putnam.  . 
Richland. . 

Ross 

Sandusky . 
Scioto .... 
Seneca. . . 
Shelby . . . 
Stark..... 
Summit .  . 
Trumbull. 
Tuscarawas 

Union 

Van  Wert . . 

Vinton 

Warren 

Wash'gton . 
Wayne .... 
Williams..  . 

Wood 

Wyandot. . 


Prohibi- 
tion. 


Ye3.^  No 


6,649 
2,289 
2,279 
2.414 
4,250 
3.254 
1,296 
3,948 
3,049 
3.048 
6.434 
3.813 
4.036 
4.939 
5.241 
2.835 
16.084 
17.324 
7,895 
7.642 
3,414 
3,806 
1.444 
3.214 
4.868 
5.232 
3,457 
5.404 
2.606 


6.859 
1,397 
2.3a5 
1,791 
2.940 
2,235, 
1,234 
2,948 
2.377 
3.046, 
4.964 
3.495 
4,379. 
4,999 
5.090 
2.960 
12,680 
13,106 
4.454 
5,224 
1.820 
2,759 
727 
2,612 
3,546 
3,312 
2,367 
4,058 
2,372 


Woman 

■Suffrage. 


Yes.   No 


4,972 
1.624 
1.557 
1.69S 
■3,388 
2,341 
838 
3,186 
2,068 
2,255 
4,082 
2,733 
3.360 
3,248 
4,290 
2,116 
12,438 
14,052 
6,659 
5,713 
2,605 
2,497 
933 
2,061 
3,130 
3,609 
2,639 
4.328 
2,038 


6,884 
1,861 
2,765 
2,387 
3,416 
2,785 
1,474 
3.357 
3,027 
3,682 
6,227 
3,888 
4,658 
5.637 
5.619 
3,255 
15,221 
14,772 
5,040 
6,503 
2,430 
3,752 
1,021 
3,399 
4,448 
4.528 
2,938 
4.753 
2,716 


The  total  vote  on  Prohibition,  1914 — Yes,  504,177;  No,  588.329.  1915 — Yes,  484,969;  No. 540,377, 
1917— Yes,  522,590;  No,  523,727.  The  total  Woman  Suffrage  vote  in  1914  was— Yes,  335,390;  No,  518,295. 
1917— Yes,  422,262;  No,  568.382. 

FEDERAL    CONSTITUTIONAL    AMENDMENTS   IN    CONGRESS    AND    IM 

NEW    YORK    STATE. 

(Compiled  by  James  Hodgson.  Sub-Librarian  Legislative  Reference  Section.  N.  Y.  State  Library.) 


No, 


1-10 


11 
12 


13 
14 

15 
16 
17 


Short  Title. 


BiU  of  rights. 


N.  of  Reps,  in  Congress 

Compensation  of  Con- 
gressmen   

Restraining  Federal  ju- 
dicial power 

Reform  in  taking  elec- 
toral votes 

Forbidding  taking  titles 
of  nobility 

Restricting  power  of 
Congress  to  Interfere 
In  local  Institutions 
such  as  slavery. 

Slavery  prohibited... 


Making  negroes  citizens 
and  taking  action 
against  insurrection 

Prohibiting  color  re- 
strictlons  for  voting. 

Income  tax 


Popular      election      of 

Senators. 
Prohibition 


Date 
Passed 

^   ^^ 
Congress 


25  Sept., 
1789 


Adopted 


12  Mar. 

1794 
12    Dec, 

1803 

1  May 
1810 

2  Mar. 
1861 


1    Feb., 

1865 

16   June, 

1866 

27    Feb., 

1869 
31    July 

1909 
15   May 

1912 
18    Dec, 

1917 


Vote 
In  U.  S. 
House. 


Passed 


by  Newi 


81  to    9 

83  to  42 

83  to  3 

133  to  65 

112  to  57 
120  to  32 

145  to  44 
318  to  14 
238  to  39 
282tOl28 


Vote 
In  U.  S. 
Senate. 


Passed 


York  wit 


23  to  2 
22  to  10 
-19  to  5 
24  to  12 

38  to  6 
33  toll 

39  to  13 
77  too 
64  to  24 
47  to  8 


Date 
received 
inN.  Y. 


12    Jan.. 
1790 


h  other  t 


27  Mar. 

1794 
31    Jan. 

1804 
4  Mar. 

1811 
21  Mar. 

1861 


1    Feb. 

1865 
1    Jau. 

1867 

10  Mar. 

1869 
5    Jan. 

1910 

1    Jan. 

1913 


Date 
approv'd 
In  N.  Y, 


27    Feb., 
1790 


en  amen 


27  Mar. 
1794 

11  Feb. 
1804 

12  Mar. 
1812 

Did  not  c 


28  AprU, 

1865 
10    Jan., 

1867 

14  AprU. 
1869 

12    July, 
1911 

15  Jan.. 
1913 


Vote 
In.  N.  Y. 
As'mbly. 


Passed 

dments. 

Failed 
49  to  2 

79  to  14 

No  vote 

ome  up' . 


90  to  22 

See  notes 

71  to  36 


72  to  47 

See  notes 

81  to  42 

128  to- 4 


Vote 
InN.  Y 

Senate. 


Passed 


Failed 

Passed 

24  to  4 
Rejected 


18  to  3 

See  notes 

23  too 


17  to  15 

See  notes 

35  to  16 

43  to  4 


Date 
nromul. 
by  Sec. 
of    State 
ol  U.  S. 


30  Dec, 

1791  and 

18    Jan., 

1792 


8    Jan., 

1798 

25  Sept., 

1804 


IS    Dec., 

1865 

28    July, 

1868 

30  Mar. 
1870 

5    Feb., 
1913 

31  May, 
1913 


NOTES — Twelve  amendments  were  proposed  in  1789,  of  which  New  York  ratified  11,  but  only  10  were 
adopted  by  three-fourths  of  the  States.  An  attempt  was  made  to  have  the  amendments  ratified  by  reso- 
lution, but  the  motion  failed,  49  to  2. 

on  February  4,  1818,  the  President  reported  to  Congress  that  12  States  had  ratified  the  amendment; 
forbidding  titles,  while  3  had  rejected  it  and  2  were  uiidecided. 

A  resolution  to  ratify  the  amendment  ol  1865  passed  the  Senate  on  February  2,  and  the  Assembly  on 
February  3,  1865,  in  the  Senate,  18  to  8,  and  In  the  Assembly,  72  to  40. 

The  fourteenth  amendment  was  the  first  ratified  In  New  YorJi  by  resolution.  Others  were  ratified  by 
Btatute. 


American  Geographical  Society. 


143 


ELECTORAL 


VOTE    FOR    Pt?ESIDENT,    BY    PARTIES    AND 

(Source:  Journal  ol  the  United  States  Senate.) 


STATES. 


Statk. 

18S8. 

1892. 

.1896. 

1900. 

1904. 

1908. 

1912. 

1916. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

P. 

R. 

D.P 

R. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

R. 

D. 

P. 

T'l. 

R. 

D. 

Alabama 

10 

11 

.... 

11 

11 

11 

11 

12 

3 

9 

2 

6 

7 

3 

6 

14 

4 

29 

15 

13 

10 

13 

10 

6 

.  8 

18 

"i5 

12 

"38 
"'5 

"■7 
88 

12 

3 

9 

13 

6 

7 

3 

6 

14 

4 

29 

15 

13 

10 

13 

10 

6 

8 

18 

15 

12 

10 

18 

4 

8 

3 

4 

45 
12 

6 

24 

10 

5 

38 

5 

9 

5 

12 

20 

4 

4 

12 

7 

8 

13 

3 

531 

'"7 
3 

"29 
15 
13 

"'6 

"is 

15 
12 

"i4 
"45 

"5 

38 

5 

■■■5 

"4 

'"7 
13 

254 

^9, 

A  rizonfi 

R 

Arkansas 

Calitornia 

CJftlrtrado 

■■'8 
3 

7 

8 
8 

■•■4 

"io 

■"8 

■"6 
3 

"24 
15 
13 

'i2 

8 
15 
14 

9 

8 

1 
4 

"4 

13 

3 

"io 

1 

8 

"9 

17 

3 

8 

3 

"9 

"'6 
8 

"24 
15 
13 
10 

"'6 

8 

15 

14 

9 

"8 

"4 
10 

8 
•••4 

"4 

13 

3 

"is 

8 

"■9 

17 

3 

"3 

"io 
5 
7 
3 

"3 

27 
15 
13 
10 

"6 

1 

16 

14 

11 

"is 

3 
8 
3 
4 
12 

9 

"'5 
13 

13 
9 

"'7 

"io 

"io 

"■7 

3 

"■3 
27 
15 
13 
10 

"'6 

2 

16 

14 

11 

"is 

3 

"■4 
12 

9 
"■5 

5 
13 

"i3 
9 

"'6 

9 
13 

s 

Connecticut  . 
Delaware .... 
Florida   

6 
3 

4 
12 

6 

3 

4 

13 

"(i 

Georeia 

14 

Idaho   

4 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

22 

15 

13 

9 

"6 

"ii 

13 

7 

"is 

24 
15 

io 

Kentuclij' .... 
Louisiana.  . .  . 

Maine 

Mars'land .... 
Massachua'ts. 
Michigan .... 
Minnesota 

13 

8 

■"s 

"f) 
16 

"e 

"is 
9 
9 

■3 

8 

13 

8 

'"5 

"9 
17 

13 
10 

"'8 

Missis.-jippJ. . . 

10 

"'8 

3 

.... 

10 

18 

4 

8 

3 

4 

14 

3 

45 

12 

5 

24 

10 

5 

10 

Montana .  . . 

4 

Nebrasl^a   . . 

5 
3 
4 

8 

"4 
10 

8 

N.  Hampshire 
New  Jersey .  . 
New  Mexico 

'"'J 

4 

"16 

4 
3 

New  York  .  .  . 
No.  Carolina. 
No.  Dakota. . 

36 

"ii 

.... 
22 

36 

11 

1 

1 

"i 

36 

■■3 
23 

"ii 

36 

"3 
23 

"ii 

39 

"4 
23 

"12 

39 

"4 
23 

"12 

"'7 

"i2 

5 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

23 

24 
10 

Oregon.  .  .  .  .  . 

3 
30 

4 

"9 
■■i2 

13 

3 
32 

4 

'"4 

'■■9 

4 
32 

4 

"9 

4 

12 

IS 

.  .3 

4 

32 

4 

"4 

"3 

4 

"4 
6 

12 
3 

"'9 
"i2 

15 

"i2 

4 

34 

4 

•••4 

"3 

4 

"5 

7 

13 

3 

"9 
"i2 

18 

"i2 

4 

^1 
4 

■■•4 

.... 

"3 
4 

"'5 

7 

13 

3 

321 

Rhode  Island. 
So.  Carolina. . 

■y 

5 
9 

"9 

Tennessee. . . . 
Texas 

12 
15 

:::: 

12 

18 

"i2 

•••4 

4 

12 
20 

"i2 

12 
20 

Utah     

4 

Vermont 

Virginia 

/ 

"i2 

4 
■•■4 

■■3 

■■i2 

4 

"i2 
4 

"3 

"i?. 

Washington 

—  7 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming  . 

"ii 

6 

6 
12 

6 
12 

162 

8 

8 

13 

3 

435 

1 
"3 

Total 

233 

168 

145 

277 

22 

271 

176 

292 

155 

336 

140 

277 

Plurality..  . 

65 

132 

95 

137 

196 

159 

347 

23 

Arizona  became  a  State  February  14,  1912.      New  Mexico  was  admitted  January  6,  1912. 
The  electoral  vote  for  Vice  President  in  1896  was:  Republican,  271  ;■  Democratic,  149;  Populist, 


27. 


APPORTIONMENT    OF    CONGRESSIONAL    REPRESENTATION, 

The  ratio  under  the  Constitution  was  one  Representative  in  Congress  for  each  30,000  of  population' 
Thereafter,  the  ratios,  as  determined  by  the  decennial  censuses,  were  as  follows:  1790  and  1800,  one  to 
each  33,000;  1810,  one  in  each  35,000;  1820,  one  in  each  40,000;  1830,  one  in  each  47,700;  1840,  one  in  each 
70,680;  1850,  one  in  each  93,423;  1860,  one  in  each  127,381;  1870,  one  in  each  131,425;  1880,  one  In  each 
151,911;  1890,  one  in  each  173,901;  1900,  one  in  each  194,182;  1910,  one  in  each  211,877. 

In  1910,  and  lasting  until  the  new  apportionment  under  the  1920  Census,  each  State's  quota  of  Repre- 
sentatives was  and  Is  as  follows:  Alabama,  10;  Arizona,  1;  Arkansas.  7;  California,  11;  Colorado,  4;  Con- 
necticut, 5;  Delaware,  1;  Florida,  4;  Georgia,  12;  Idaho,  2;  Illinois,  27;  Indiana,  13;  Iowa,  11;  Kansas,  8; 
Kentucky,  11;  Louisiana,  8;  Maine,  4;  Maryland,  6;  Massachusetts,  16;  Michigan,  13;  Minnesota,  10; 
Mississippi,  8;  Missouri,  16;  Montana,  2;  Nebraska,  6;  Nevada,  1;  New  Hampshire,  2;  New  Jersey,  12; 
New  Mexico,  1;  New  York,  43;  North  Carolina,  10;  North  Dakota,  3;  Ohio,  22;  Oklahoma,  8;  Oregon,  3: 
Pennsylvania,  36;  Rhode  Island,  3;  South  Carolina,  7;  South  Dakota,  3;  Tennessee,  10;  Texas,  18;  Utah,  2; 
Vermont,  2;  Virginia,  10;  Washington,  5;  West  Virginia,  6;  Wisconsin,  11;  Wyoming,  1;  total,  435. 

Of  the  thirteen  Original  States  the  present  quotas  are  the  same  as  under  the  Constitution  in  Connecticut, 
Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia.  The  original  quotas  in  the  other  Original  States  were  as  follows: 
Georgia,  3;  Massachusetts,  8;  New  Hampshire,  3:  New  Jersey,  4;  New  York,  6;  North  Carolina,  5;  Penn- 
sylvania, 8;  Rhofle  Island,  1;  and  South  Carolina,  5. 

AMERICAN    GEOGRAPHICAL   SOCIETY. 

Offices  of  the  society,  Broadway  and  156th  Street,  New  York  City.  The  objects  of  the  society  are  to 
Investigate  and  disseminate  new  geographical  information;  to  establish  in  the  chief  city  of  the  United  States, 
for  the  benefit  of  commerce  iind  navigation,  *  *  *  a  place  where  the  means  shall  be  afforded  of  ob- 
taining accurate  information  for  public  use  of  every  part  of  the  globe.  Organized  in  1852.  Membershio 
3,800.     President — John  Greenough.     Director — Isaiah  Bowman. 


144    Indiana  Supreme  Courtis  Decision  Against  Woman  Suffrage. 


TOTAL    VOTE    FOR    PR^SIDENTiAL    ELECTORS, 

(Ftom  reports  of  State  officials  on  file  In  the  Department  of  State.  Washington,  D.  C.) 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Ai'kansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware- 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  HampshU'e. . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . . 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina .  . . 
South  Dakota. .. . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia .... 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total 

Plurality; 
Republican. 
Democratic . 


1888. 


174,100 


158,248 

248,306 
91,799 

153,984 
29,787 
66,728 

142,869 


747,683 
536,949 
404,130 
330,216 
344,159 
115,899 
128.133 
210.921 
344,498 
475,356 
263,285 
116,845 
521,353 


202,622 
12,278 
90,819 

303,801 


1,317,160 
285,956 


840,361 


61,853 

998,115 

40,750 

79,566 


303,744 
357,371 


63,440 
304,110 


159,441 
354,774 


11,381,408 


1892. 


232,757 


146,769 
269,543 

93,891 
164,262 

37,222 

35,556 
221,616 

19,609 
873,646 
553,613 
443.159 
•324,905 
340,844 
115,565 
116,009 
213,275 
390,672 
465,792 
267,238 

52,727 
540,660 

44,316 
200,206 

10,878 

89,329 
336,269 


1,318,988 

281,025 

36,105 

850,168 


78,491 

1,002,112 

53,193 

70,492 

70,513 

264,974 

422,175 


55,785 
292,306 

87,962 
171,071 
371,222 

16,706 


12,043,603 


363.612 


1896. 


194,574 


148,508 
297,496 
189,819 
174,402 

31,538 

46,456 
163,262 

29,621 
1,089,008 
637,124 
521,617 
335,787 
445,956 
101,046 
118,504 
250,877 
417,367 
544,958 
338,540 

70,472" 
558,329 

53,217 
224,174 

10,314 

83,567 
371,047 


1,424,140 

330,990 

47,379 

1,014,295 


97,414 

,194,358 

54,781 

68,938 

82,950 

323,796 

526,693 

78,119 

63,831 

294,959 

93,583 

201,768 

447,063 

20,606 


13,813,243 


567,692 


1900. 


158,942 


127,444 
302,399 
220,665 
180,140 

42,001 

39,226 
122,736 

57,701 
1,130.873 
663,840 
530.189 
353,766 
467,600 

67,904 
105.721 
264,288 
414,697 
544,375 
316,311 

59.103 
683,656 

63,693 
241,430 

10,196 

92,348 
401,206 


1,548,006 

292,672 

57,795 

1,035,789 


84,216 

1,173,214 

56,548 

50,862 

96,124 

274,153 

423,706 

93.130 

55,785 

264,470 

107,524 

220,815 

442,613 

24,646 


13,964,518 


861,459 


1904. 


108,845 


116,421 

331,545 

243,687 

191,117 

43,875 

39,307 

130,992 

72,578 

1,075,669 

681,934 

485,902 

328,557 

435,765 

53,908 

96,037 

224,224 

445,146 

525,099 

292,959 

58,377 

643,861 

64,444 

225,732 

12,115 

90,097 

432,548 


1,617,770 

208,110 

70,290 

1.004,668 


90,154 
,236,738 

68,656 

55,140 
101,395 
242,788 
234.008 
101.626 

51,887 
130,544 
145,251 
240,026 
443,014 

30,713 


13.623,519 


2.544,343 


1908. 


103.809 


152,126 
386,597 
263.877 
189,999 

48,024 

49.360 
132.794 

97.288 
1,154,751 
721.126 
494.770 
375.946 
490,687 

75,146 
106.336 
238.531 
456.926 
541.749 
331,304 

66,904 
715.874 

68.822 
266.799 

24.526 

89.592 
467.198 


1,638.350 

"^  252,310 

94.582 

1,121.588 

255.228 

110.889 

1,267,443 

72,317 

66,398 

114.775 

257.515 

292.472 

108.611 

52.654 

137.066 

183.879 

258,151 

454.435 

37.609 


14.887.133 


1.269.900 


1912. 


1916. 


117,879 

23,722 
124.029 
673.527 
266.880 
190,398 

48,693 

61.891 
121.420 
105.755 
1,146.173 
654,474 
492.356 
365,497 
453.698 

79.377 
129.640 
231.981 
488,056 
550,976 
334,219 

64,528 
698,562 

79,826 
249,208 

20,116 

87,960 
424.622 

51.245 

1,587.983 

244,455 

86,580 

1,037.094 

253,801 

137.040 

1,217.502 

77,894 

50.350 
116.325 
247.821 
301,788 
112,386 

62,841 
136,976 
322.799 
268.560 
399,972 

42.296 


15.031.169 


2.160.^94 


131.177 

58,021 
168,310 
999,551 
293,966 
213,874 

51,810 

80.803 
158.690 
134,615 
2.192,7fl7 
718,848 
516,495 
629.813 
519.947 

92.982 
136,407 
262,039 
531.817 
648.507 
387.364 

86.159 
786.762 
177.675 
286.177 

33.316 

89.123 
495.536 

66.967 

1,706.354 

289,912 

108.677 

1.165.086 

292.416 

261.340 

1.297.097 

87.816 

63.531 
128.942 
272.194 
372.461 
142.915 

64.465 
153,990 
381,030 
289.842 
449.377 

51.840 


18.628,743  • 


591,385 


Figures  do  not  Include  blank  or  void  ballots  or  votes  cast  for  names  not  appearing  on  any   of'  the 
electoral  tickets  speclfted  in  the  preceding  table. 


INDIANA    SUPREME    COURT'S    DECISION    AGAINST   WOMAN      SUFFRAGE. 

Article  2  of  Section  2  of  the  Constitution  of  Indiana  provides  as  follows:  "In  all  elections,  not  other- 
wise provided  for  by  this  Constitution,  every  male  citizen  of  the  United  States,  of  the  age  of  twenty-one 
years  and  upward,  who  shall  have  resided  in  the  State  during  the  six  months,  and  in  the  township  sixty  days, 
and  in  the  ward  or  precinct  thirty  days,  immediately  preceding  such  election,  and  every  male  of  foreign 
birth,  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years  and  upwards,  who  shall  have  resided  in  the  United  States  one  year,  and 
shall  have  resided  In  the  State  during  the  six  months  and  in  the  township  sixty  days,  and  In  the  ward  or  pre- 
cinct tliirty  days,  immediately  preceding  such  election  and  shall  have  declared  his  intention  to  become  a 
citizen  of  the  United  States,  conformably  to  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  on  the  subject  of  naturaliza- 
tion, shall  be  entitled  to  vote  in  the  township  or  precinct  where  he  maj'  reside,  if  he  shall  have  been  duly 
registered  according  to  law." 

The  Legislature  had  passed  in  1917  an  act  granting  partial  suffrage  to  women,  including  the  right  to  vote 
at  municipal  elections,  but  not  speciflcally  including  elections  for  national  officials,  such  as  presidential  elec- 
tors, and  members  of  Congress.  The  constitutionality  of  the  law  was  attacked  in  Marlon  County,  where  the 
Superior  Court  held  that  the  "male  citizen  provision  of  the  Indiana  Constitution  permitted  only  male  in- 
habitants to  vote  and  therefore  this  statutory  enactment  of  the  Legislature  providing  for  partial  suffrage 
was  unconstitutional.  From  this  decision  an  appeal  was  taken  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  Indiana 
and  the  decision  of  the  Superior  Court  of  Marlon  County  was  affirmed. 

The  Indiana  Supreme  Court  In  its  opinion  said:  "The  question  is  primarily  one  for  the  consideration  of. 
the  people  In  the  capacity  as  creators  of  the  Constitution  and  Is  never  one  for  the  consideration  of  the  Legis- 
lature, except  in  so  far  as  that  instrument  clearly  sanctions  an  extension  of  the  elective  franchise  or  permits 
a  regulation  of  its  mode  of  exercise."     Thte  was  rendered  in  1917. 

The  conclusion  of  the  Court  was:  (1)  "That  Article  2  of  Section  2  of  the  Constitution,  in  itself,  defines 
the  electorate  which  shall  participate  in  every  State,  County,  Township  and  local  election  of  political  officers. ' 
and  <2)  "Tha*  the  General  Assembly  has  no  authority  to  extend  the  right  of  franchise  to  persona  not  included 
within  that  definition."  The  decision  was  rendered  by  Chief  Justice  John  W.  Spencer  and  concurred  in  by 
Justices  B.  Lairy  and  David  A.  Myers.    Justice  Lawson  M.  Harvey  dissented. 


Political  National  Conventions. 


145 


POLITICAL    NATIONAL    CONVENTIONS. 

(For  Presidential  Conventions  prior  to  1908..  see  1912  Almanac.) 

1908. 
DEMOCRATIC   NATIONAL   CONVENTION 
The  Democratic  National  Convention  was  held  at  Denver,  Col.,  July  7-10.    Nominations  were  made 
July  10.    William  J.  Bryan,  of  Nebraska,  was  nominated  on  tUe  first  ballot  the  vote  being:   Bryau.  892}i; 
John  A.  Jolinson,  of  Minnesota,  46. 

REPUBLICAN    NATIONAL  CONVENTION. 
The  Republican  National  Convention  met  at  Cbicaso,  111.,  June  16.    One  ballot  was  cast,  July  19, 
as  follows: 


Candid.^tes. 

First 
Ballot. 

Candidates. 

First 
Ballot. 

Total  vote '. 

979 
490 

-702 
68 
67 

Joseph  G.  Cannon,  111 

58 

Charles  W.  Fairbanks,  Ind 

40 

Robert  M.  LaFollette,  Wis 

25 

William  H.  Taft,  Ohio 

Joseph  B.  Foraher,  Ohio 

16 

Philander  C.  Knox,  Pa 

Theodore  Roosevelt,  N.  Y 

3 

Charles  E.  Hughes,  N.  Y 

1912. 
DEMOCRATIC   NATIONAL   CONVENTION. 
The  Democratic  National  Convention  was  held  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  June  25-July  2.     Balloting  for 
a  candidate  for  President  began  June  2S  and  a  nomination  was  reached  July  2.     There  were  forty-six  ballots 
taken.    The  first,  tenth,  twenty-fifth,  forty-second  ana  final  ballots  were  as  follows: 


Candidates. 

1st 
Ballot. 

10th 
Ballot. 

25th 
Ballot. 

.42d 
Ballot. 

46th 
Ballot. 

Total  vote   

1,086. 
724 

'440\i 

324 

148 

22 

'i 

2 

1,088 
725H 

556 
350  H 
31 

1,088 
725J4 

469 
405 

29 
108 

30 

43 

1 

1,087  M 
725 

430 

494 

27 

,       104 

28 
'A 

'i 

I 
1 
1 

1,086 

NecBssarv  to  a  choice 

724 

ChaHfp  Clark.  Missouri 

84 

Woodrow  Wilson,  New  Jersey 

990 

Judson  Harmon,  Ohio 

12 

Oscar  W.  Underwood,  Alabama 

Thomas  R.  M arshall,  Indiana 

Simeon  E.  Baldwin,  Connecticut 

Eugene  N.  Foss,  Massachusetts 

William  J.  Bryan,  Nebraska 

William  Sulzer,  New  York 

John  W.  Kern,  Indiana -. 

William  J.  Gaynor,  New  York 

J.  Hamilton  Lewis,  Illinois 

Ollle  M.  James,  Kentucky 

REPUBLICAN     NATIONAL     CONVENTION. 
The  Republican  National  Convention  was  held  at  Chicago,  111.,  June  18-22. 
the  candidate  for  President  was  cast  June  22,  as  followsj 


One  ballot  for 


Candidates. 


Total  vote 

Necessary  to  a  choice. 
Actual  vote 


William  H.  Taft,  Ohio . 


First 
Ballot. 


1,078 
540 
728* 

561 


Candidates. 


Theodore  Roosevelt,  New  York. 
Robert  M.  La  Follette,  Wis.  .  .  . 

Albert  B.  Cummins,  Iowa 

Charles  E.  Hughes,  New  York. . 


First 
Ballot. 


107 

41 

17 

2 


'  •  344  delegates  withheld  theli-  votes  and  6  delegates  were  absent. 

PROGRESSIVE     NATIONAL     CONVENTION. 
The  National  Convention  of  the  Progressive  party  met  at  Chicago  August  6  and  on   August 
7  unanimously  nominated  Theodore  Roosevelt  for  President  on  the  first  ballot. 


1913. 

DEMOCRATIC   NATIONAL   CONVENTION. 
The  Democratic  National  Convention  was  held  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  June  14-15. 
Vice-President  Marshall  were  renominated  by  acclamation,  June  15. 


President  Wilson  and 


REPUBLICAN   NATIONAL   CONVENTION.  _ 

The  RepubUcan  National  Gouvention  met  at  Chicago,  June  9.  Charles  E.  Hughes  and  Charles  W. 
Fairbanks  were  nominated,  respectively,  for  President  and  Vice-President.  The  third  and  final  ballot  for 
the  Presidential  nomination  was  taken  June  10. 


Candidates 


Hughes 

Weeks 

Root 

CummlDB.  . . 

Burton 

Fairbanks.. . 
Sherman . . . . 
Roosevelt . . . 

Knox 

Ford 

Brumbaugh . 


First        Second       Third 
Ballot.      Ballot.      Ballot. 


253  H 

105 

103 

85 

77  M 

74  M 

66 

65 

36 

32 

29 


79 
98  J^ 
85 
76  H 
88  H 
65 
81 
36 


949  H 
3 


18  Vi 


Candidates. 


LaFollette.. 

Taft 

Du  Pont . . . . 

WUlis 

Borah 

McCall 

Wanamaker . 

Wood. 

Harding 

Lodge 

Not  voting. . 


First 
Ballot. 


25 

14 

12 

4 

2 

1 


Second 
Ballot. 


25 


13 
1 


Third 
Ballot. 


146 


Vote  for  President,  by  States— 1856-1908. 


VOTE    FOR    PRESIDENT,    BY    STATES-1 856-1 908. 

1856. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arkansas 

California 

Connecticut. . . 

Delaware. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. 

Michigan 

Mi.S8issiiipi. .  .  ■ 


Bu- 
chanan, 
Dem. 


46, 

21, 

53, 

34, 

8, 

6, 

56, 

105, 

118, 

36, 

74, 

22, 

67 

39, 

39, 

52, 

35, 


739 
,910 
365 
495 
.004 
358 
,578 
528 
670 
,568 
642 
,164 
,379 
115 
240 
,139 
440 


fYemont, 
Rep. 


20,691 

42,715 

310 


96,278 

94,375 

45,073 

314 

■  39,680 

■      281 

108,190 

71,762 


Fillmore, 
Amer. 


28,552 

10,787 

36,165 

2,615 

6,275 

4,833 

42,228 

37,551 

22,386 

9,669 

67,416 

20,709 

3,325 

47,460 

19,726 

1,660 

24,195 


State. 


Missouri 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island. ... 
South  Carolina . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Wisconsin 


Total 1,927,995  1,391,555 


Bu- 
chanan, 
Dem. 


58,164 

31,891 

46,943 

195,878 

48,246 

170,874 

230.686 

6,680 


73,638 
31,169 
10,569 
89,826 
52,843 


Fremont, 
Rep. 


37,473 

28,338 

276,007 


187,497 

147,286 

11,467 


291 

291 

66,090 


Fillmore, 
Amer. 


48,524 

410 

24.115 

124,604 

36,886 

28,126 

82.189 

1,675 


66,178 
15,639 
60,310 
60,278 
579 


934,816 


1860. 


State. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Breck- 

enridge, 

Dem. 

BeU, 
Union. 

State. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Douglas, 
Dem. 

Breck- 

enridge, 

Dem. 

Bell, 
Union. 

Ala 

13,651 

5,228 
38,516 
15,522 

1,066 

367 

11,590 

160,205 

115,509 

55,639 

25,651 

7,62.'i 
26,693 

5,966 
34,372 
65.057 
11,920 

3,283 

48,831 
28,732 
34,334 
14,641 

7,339 

8,543 
51,889 

2,332 
12,295 

1,034 
53,143 
22,681 

6,368 
42,482 

5,939 

805 

748 

40,797 

27,825 

20.094 

6,817 

3,291 

3,822 

5,437 

42,886 

4,913 

5,306 

1.763 

00,058 

20,204 

2,046 

41,760 

22,331 

405 

62 

25,040 

Mo 

17,028 

37,519 

58,234 

362,646 

58,801 

25,883 

62,801 

312,510 

2,701 

187,232 

4,131 

16.765 

7.707 

31,317 
2,125 

58,372 
441 

Ark 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Cal 

39,173 
43,692 

3,888 

Conn 

Del 

48,339 

11,303 

5,075 

178.871 

44,990- 
12,193 

Fla 

Ohio 

Ore 

221,610 

5,345 

268,030 

12,244 

Ga 

213 

111... 

172,171 

139,033 

70,118 

1,364 

Pa 

12,776 

Ind. 

R.I 

S.  C 

Ky 

Term 

11,350 

64,709 

47,548 

218 

74,323 

888 

69.274 

La .  : 

Tex 

15,438 

Me 

62,811 

2,294 

106,533 

88,480 
22,069 

Vt    

33,808 

1.929 

86,110 

6,849 
16,290 
65.021 

1,969 
74,681 

Md 

Va 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn 

Miss 

Wis 

Total 

161 

1,866,352 

1,375,157 

845,763 

589,581 

1864. 

State. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Mc- 

Clellan, 

Dem. 

State. 

Lincoln, 
Rep. 

Mc-      1 
Clellan, 
Dem. 

State. 

Lincoln. 
Rep. 

Mc- 

Clellan, 

Deip. 

Maine 

Maryland 

M  assachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota. . . . 
Mississippi. . . . 

61.503 
40.153 
126,742 
85,352 
25,060 

44,211 
32,737 
48i745 
67,370 
17,376 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.. 
Rhode  Island.. 
S.  Carolina. . .  . 

9,888 

296,391 

13,692 

*-  8,457 

276.316 

8,470 

California 

Connecticut,. . 

62.134 

44,691 

8,155 

43  841 

42,285 

8,767 

Delaware 

Tennessee.  .  . . 

Florida 

Texas 

Georefia 

Missouri 

Nevada 

N.Hampshire. 
New  Jersey. .  . 
New  York .... 
N.  Carolina. . . 

72.750 

9,826 

36,596 

60,723 

368,735 

31,678 

6.594 

33,034 

68,024 

361,986 

Vermont 

Virginia 

42,419 

13,321 

Illinois 

189,519 

150,422 

88,500 

16.814 

27.786 

158,724 
130,233 

49,525 
3,691 

64,301 

Indiana 

Iowa 

West  Virginia. 
Wisconsin .... 

Total 

23,152 
83,458 

10,438 
65.884 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

2,216,067 

1,808,725 

Louisiana 

Ohio 

265,654 

205,599 

In  South  Carolina  in  1848,  1852,  1856,  and  1860  the  Presidential  Electors  were  chosen  by  tlie  Legislature; 

In  1864  the  States  of  Tennessee  and  Louisiana  also  held  elections  and  were  carried  lor  Lincoln;  "but,"' 
says  A.  K.  McClure.  in  his  book. "  Our  Presidents,"  "their  votes  were  not  necessary  to  the  election  ol  the 
Republican  ticket,  and  although  Lincoln  earnestly  desired  that  these  States  should  be  recognized  and  the 
votes  counted,  Congress,  by  joint  resolution,  that  Lincoln  signed  with  great  reluctance,  declared  that  they 
should  not  be  recognized,  and  they  were  omitted."  Nor  was  there  any  count  In  Florida,  Georgia,  South 
Carolina,  or  Texas. 


RELIGIOUS     EDUCATION     ASSOCIATION. 

President — Rev.  Samuel  A.  Eliot,  LL.  D.  ,  Boston.  First  Vice-President— Ijemxiel  H.  '^Murlln, 
till.  'D.,  President  Boston  University.  Treasurer — David  R.  Forgan,  President  the  National  City 
Bank,  Chicago.  General  Secretary — Hem-y  Frederick  Cope,  D.  D.,  headquarters,  the  McCormick  Build- 
ing, 332  South  Michigan  Avenue,  Chicago.  Vice-Presidents — President  C.  A.  Barbour,  D.  D.,  Rochester; 
Prof.  William  Adams  Brown,  Ph.  D.,  New  York;  Hon.  P,  P.  Clayton,  Ph.  D.,  Washington;  President  W.  H. 
P.  Faunce,  LL.  D.,  Providence:  President  Edgar  O.  Lovett.  Ph.  D.,  Houston;  President  Robert  A.  Fal- 
coner, Litt.  D.,  Toronto;  Chancellor  J.  H.  Kirkland.  Nashville;  Rt.  Rev.  William  Lawrence,  LL.  D.,  Boston; 
Bishop  W.  F.  McDowell,  S.  T.  D.,  Washington;  Mrs.  Ella  Lyman  Cabot,  Boston;  President  E.  P.  Robert- 
son, University  North  Dakota;  President  W.  L.  Potest,  Wake  Forest,  N.  C;  Dean  George  Hodges,  LL.  D., 
Cambridge:  Rt.  Rev.  Walter  T.  Sumner,  Portland,  Ore.;  President  Mary  E.  WooUey,  LL.  D.,  Mount 
Holyoke;  President  Charles  W.  Dabney,  LL.  D.,  Cincinnati.  ■ 


Votes  for  President  by  States,  1856-1908 — Continued.  147 

1868. 


STATE. 


Alabama . . . 
Arkansas . . . 
CalUornia... 
Connecticut. 
Delaware. . . 

Florida 

Georgia. . ... 

Illinois , 

Indiana. . . .. 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky... 
Louisiana 


Grant, 
Rep. 


76.366 
22,112 
54.583 
60,995 
7,614 


57.134 

250,293 

176,548 

120,399 

30,028 

39.566 

33,263J 


Seymour, 
Dem, 


72,088 
19.078 
54,077 
47.952 
10.957 


102,722 

199,143 

166,980 

74,040 

13,620 

115,890 

88.225 


State. 


Maine 

Maryland..-. 
Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota... . 
Mississippi.... 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

N.IIampshlre. 
New  Jersey . . . 
New  York. . . . 
N.  Carolinai . . 


Grant, 
Rep. 


70.493 

30.438 

136,477 

113,229 

43.545 


86,860 
9.729 
6.480 

37.718 

80.131 
419.883 

96,769. 


Seymour 
Dem. 


42,460 
62,537 
59,408 
82.364 
2S.075 


65,628 
6.439 
5.218 

30.575 

83,001 
429,883 

84,601 


State. 


Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 
Rhode  Island., 
S.  Carolina..., 
Tennessee . . . . 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia . 
Wisconsin . . . . 


Total . 


Grant, 
Rep. 


280,167 
10,961 

342,280 
12,993 
62,301 
56,628 


44,167 


28,638 
108,857 


3.015,071 


Seymour, 
Dem. 


238,621 
11.125 

313,-382 

6,548 

45,237 

26.129 


12.045 


108.857 
84.710 


2,709.615 


1872. 


Grant, 

Greeley, 

State. 

Rep. 

Dem.&L. 

Alabama 

90,272 

79,444 

Arkansas 

41,373 

37,927 

California 

54,020 

40,718 

Connecticut. . . 

50,638 

45,880 

Delaware 

11,115 

10,208 

Florida 

17,763 

15,427 

Georgia 

62,550 

76,356 

lUlnois 

241.237 

184,772 

Indiana 

186,147 

163.632 

Iowa 

131,566 

71,179 

Kansas 

67,048 

32,970 

Kentucky 

88,766 

99,995 

Louisiana 

71,663 

57,029 

Grant, 

Greeley, 

State. 

Rep. 

Dem.&L. 

Maine 

61,422 

29,087 

Maryland 

66,760 

67,687 

Massachusetts 

133,472 

59,260 

Michigan 

136.199 

77,020 

Minnesota. . . . 

55.117 

34,423 

Mississippi 

82,176 

47,288 

Missouri 

119.116 

151,434 

Nebraska 

18.329 

7.812 

Mevada 

8.413 

6,236 

N.Hampshli-e. 

37.168 

31,425 

New  Jersey . . . 

91.656 

76,456 

New  York .... 

440,736 

387,281 

N.  Carolina. . . 

94,769 

70,094 

State. 


Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 
Rhode  Island. 
S.  Carolina.. . 
Tennessee.  .  . 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia 
Wisconsin.  .  . 

Total 


Grant, 
Rep. 


281,852 
11,818 

349,589 
13,665 
72,290 
84.930 
47,406 
41,481 
93,468 
32,323 

104,992 


3.597,070 


Greeley, 
Dem.&L. 


244,321 
7.742 

212,041 
5,329 
22,703 
94,218 
66,500 
10.927 
91,654 
29,633 
86.477 


2,834,079 


1876. 


State. 

Hayes, 
Rep. 

Tilden. 
Dem. 

State. 

Hayes, 
Ilep. 

Tilden. 
Dem. 

State. 

Hayes, 
Rep. 

Tilden, 
Dem. 

Alahamft 

68,230 
38.669 
78,614 

102.002 
58,071 
75.846 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota. . . . 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

N.  Hampshire. 
New  Jersey . . . 
New  York .... 
N.  Carolina.. . 

66,300 

71,981 

150,063 

166,534 

72.962 

52.605 

145,029 

31.916 

10,383 

41,540 

103,517 

489,207 

108,417 

49.823 

91.780 
108.777 
141.095 

48,799 
112,173 
203.077 

17,554 
9,308 
~  38,510 
115,962 
521,949 
125,427 

Ohio 

330,698 
15,214 

384,142 
15,787 
91,870 
89,596 
44.800 
44.092 
95,558 
41.392 

130,068 

323  182 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . 
Rhode  Island.. 

S.  Carolina 

Tennessee.  . . . 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia. 
Wisconsin .... 

Total 

14,157 

366,158 

10,712 

Connecticut. . . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

lUinois 

Indiana 

59,034 

10,752 

23,849 

50,446 

278,232 

208,011 

171,326 

78,354 

97,156 

75,135 

61,934 

13,381 

22.923 

130,088 

258,601 

213,526 

112,121 

37,902 

159,690 

70,636 

90.906 
133,166 
104,755 

20.254 
139.670 

55,584 
123,927 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

4,033.950 

4,284,885 

1880. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arkansas ...... 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut.. . 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. 

Michigan 

Minnesota. . . . 
Mississippi 


Garfield, 

Hancock, 

Weaver, 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Greenbk 

66,221 

91,185 

4,642 

42,436 

60,775 

4,079 

80,348 

80,426 

3,392 

27,450 

24,647 

1,435 

67,071 

64,415 

868 

14,138 

15,181 

121 

23.654 

27,964 

54,086 

102,470 

969 

318,037 

277,321 

26,358 

232,164 

225,522 

12,986 

183,904 

105,845 

32,327 

121,549 

59,801 

19,851 

106,306 

149,068 

11,499 

38,637 

65,067 

439 

74,039 

65,171 

4,408 

78,515 

93,706 

818 

165,205 

111,960 

4.548 

185,190 

131,301 

34,895 

93,903 

53,315 

3.267 

34,854 

75,750 

5,797 

State. 


Missouri 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . . 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West  Virginia.  . . 
Wisconsin 


Garfield, 
Rep. 


153,567 

54,979 

7,878 

44,856 

120,.5S5 

555,544 

115,874 

375,048 

20,619 

444,713 

18,195 

58,071 

98,760 

57,893 

45,567 

84,020 

46,243 

144,897 


Total 4,449,053  4,442,030     ^07.306 


Hancock, 
Dem. 


208,609 

28,523 
8,619 

40,797 
122,665 
634,511 
124,208 
340,821 

19,955 
407,502 

10,779 
112,312 
130,381 
156,428 

18.316 
128,586 

57.391 
114.634 


Weaver, 
Greenb'k 


35.135 
3,950 


528 

2.617 

12,373 

1,126 

6,456 

245 

20,648 

236 

666 

5,465 

27,405 

1,215 


9,079 
7,980 


In  1868  the  Florida  electors  were  chosen  l)y  the  Legislature.  Under  a  joint  resolution  of  Co.^sress, 
Mississippi,  Texas,  and  Virginia  were  excluded  from  voting  because  they  had  no  representation  in  Congress 
under  the  Reconstruction  laws.  The  other  Southern  States  had  representation  in  Congress,  except  Cforgla. 
There  was  a  dispute  in  both  Senate  and  House  over  Georgia,  but  Mr.  Wade,  President  of  the  Senate,  de- 
cided that  Georgia's  vote  be  counted. 

In  1876  the  Colorado  electors  were  chosen  by  the  Legislature. 


148 


Votes  for  President  hy  States,  1856-1908 — Continued. 


1884. 


State. 

Clevel'd. 
Dem. 

Blaine, 
Rep. 

St.  John, 
Proh. 

Butler, 
G'nback. 

State. 

Clevel'd. 
Dem. 

Blaine, 
Rep. 

St.  John, 
Proh. 

Butler, 
G'nback, 

Ala 

93.951 

72.927 

89.288 

27.723 

67.199 

16.976 

31.766 

94.667 

312.351 

244.990 

177,316 

90.132 

152.961 

62.540 

52.140 

96.932 

122.481 

149.835 

70.144 

76.510 

59.591 

60.895 

102.416 

36.290 

65.923 

13,053 

28,031 

48,603 

337,469 

238,463 

197,088 

154,406 

118,122 

46,347 

72,209 

.  85,699 

146,724 

192,669 

111,923 

43,509 

612 

2,926 

761 

2,305 

64 

72 

195 

12.074 

3.028 

1.472 

4,495 

3,139 

873 
1,847 
2,017 
1,958 
1,688 
10 

i45 

10,776 

8,293 

'l'6,34i 
1,691 

Mo 

235,988 

54,391 
5,578 

39,198 
127.778 
563.154 
142,592 
368.280 

24,604 
392,785 

12,391 

69,890 
133,324 
225,309 

17,331 
145,497 

67,331 
146,453 

202,929 

76,912 

7,193 

43,254 

123,366 

562.005 

125.068 

400.082 

26.860 

473.804 

19.030 

21.733 

124.093 

93.141 

39.514 

139.356 

63.913 

161,135 

2,153 
2,899 

uhii 

6.153 
25,006 

454 
11,069 

492 
15,283 

928 

Ark 

Cal 

Neb 

Nev.; 

N.H 

N.  J 

N.  Y. 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ore 

26 

Col 

552 

Conn 

Del 

3,456 
17.004 

Fla 

Ga 

6,179 

Ill        . .   ■. 

726 

Ind 

Peun 

R.  1 

S.  C 

Tenn 

Te.v 

16,992 

Iowa 

Kan 

432 

Ky 

1,176 
3,534 
1,752 
138 
939 
7,649 

956 

La 

3,321 

Me 

2,160 

2,794 

10,026 

18,403 

4,684 

3,953 

531 

24,433 

42,243 

3,583 

Vt 

785 

Md 

Va 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn 

Miss 

w.  va 

Wis 

Total 

810 

4,598 

4.911,017 

4,848,334 

151,809 

133,825 

"1888. 


State. 

Harrison. 
Rep. 

Clevel'd, 
Dem. 

Fish, 
Proh. 

Streeter, 
U.  Lab. 

State. 

Harrison. 
Rep. 

Clevel'd, 
Dem. 

Fish, 
Proh. 

4,640 

9,429 
41 

1,566 

7,904 
30,231 

2,789 
24,356 

1,677 
20,947 

1.251 

Streeter, 
U.  Lab. 

Ala  . 

57.597 

58.752 

124.816 

50.774 

74.584 

12,973 

26,059 

40,446 

370,475 

263,381 

211,603 

182,904 

155,134 

30,701 

73,734 

99,986 

183,892 

236,387 

142,492 

30,096 

117,320 

85,962 

117,729 

37,567 

74,920 

16,414 

39,561 

100,449 

348,371 

261,013 

179,877 

102,745 

183,800 

85,026 

50,482 

106,168 

151,855 

213,469 

104,385 

85,471 

593 

614 

5.761 

2.191 

4,234 

400 

403 

1,808 

21,703 

9,881 

3,550 

6,779 

5.225 

127 

2,690 

4,767 

8.701 

20.495 

15.311 

218 

lo.eis 

■l',266 
240 

7,534 

2,694 

9,105 

37,788 

39 

1,345 

4,555 

1.097 

222 

Mo 

236,253 

108,425 

7,038 

45,724 
144,344 
650,338 
134,784 
416,054 

33,291 
526,091 

21,969 

13,740 
138,988 

88,280 

45,192 
150,438 

78,171 
176,553 

261.954 

80.552 
5.149 

43,382 
151,493 
635,965 
147,902 
396,455 

26,522 
446,633 

17,530 

65,825 
158,779 
234,883 

16,788 
151,977 

78,677 
155,232 

18,589 

Ark 

Cal 

Neb 

Nev 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.C 

Ohio .... 

Ore 

4,226 

Col      

42 

Conn 

Del 

626 

Fla 

47 

Ga 

3,496 

lU        

363 

Ind 

Pena 

R.  I 

S.  C 

Tenn 

Tex 

3,873 

Iowa 

Kan 

Ky..".!!!'. . 

5.969 
4,749 
1,459 
1,678 
1,085 
14,277 

48 

La   . . 

29,459 

Me 

Vt 

Md        .    . . 

Va 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn 

Miss 

W.  Va 

Wis 

Total 

1 ,508 
8,552 

5,440,216 

5.538.233 

249,907 

148,105 

1893. 


State. 

Clevel'd. 
Dem. 

138.138 

87,752 

118,151 

Harrison, 
Rep. 

Weaver, 
Peop. 

Bidwell, 
Proh. 

State. 

Clevel'd, 
Dem. 

Harrison, 
Rep. 

Weaver, 
Peop. 

Bidwell, 
Proh. 

Ala       .... 

9,197 
46,974 
118,027 
38.620 
77,032 
18,077 

48,365 

8,599 

399,288 

255,615 

219,795 

157,241 

135,441 

13.331 

62.878 

92.736 

202.814 

222.708 

122.736 

1.406 

226.762 

18.838 

85,181 
11,831 
25,311 
53,684 
809 

4,843 
42,939 
10,520 
22,207 
22,198 
20,595 
163,111 
23,500 
13,332 

2,045 
796 

3,210 
19,931 
30,398 
10,259 
41,183 

7,259 

239 

113 

8,096 

1,687 

4,026 

564 

570 

988 

288 

25.871 

13.044 

6,402 

4,553 

6,442 

3,062 

5.877 

7.539 

20,857 

14,182 

610 

4,298 

517 

Neb 

Nev 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  Dak 

'24,983 
714 
42,081 
171,042 
654,868 
132,591 

87,227 

2,811 

45,658 

156,068 

609,350 

100,346 
17,159 

405,187 
35,002 

516,011 
26,975 
13,384 
34,880 
99.849 
81,444 
37.992 

113.526 
36.470 
80.293 

171.101 
7,722 

83,134 

7,264 

293 

969 

16,429 

44,732 

17,650 

14,850 

28,875 

8,714 

228 

,     2,410 

26,512 

23,730 

99,638 

43 

12.274 

19.105 

4.166 

10.019 

630 

4,902 

Ark 

Cal 

89 
1,297 

Col 

8,131 

Conn 

Del 

82,395 

18,581 

30,143 

129,386 

2 

426,281 

262,740 

196,366 

38,190 
2,636 

Fla 

899 

Ga 

Ohio 

Ore     

404,115 
14,243 

452,264 

24,336 

54,698 

9,081 

136,490 

239,148 
16,325 

163,977 
29,844 
84,467 

177,325 
8,454 

26,012 

Idaho 

2,281 

in 

Penn 

R.  I 

S.  C 

S.  Dak 

Tenn 

Tex 

Vt 

25,123 

Ind 

1,654 

Iowa 

Kan 

Ky 

175,461 

87,922 

48,024 

113,866 

176,813 

202,296 

100,579 

40,237 

268,628 

17,534 

4,799 

La 

2,165 

Me 

1,415 

Md 

Va 

2.681 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn 

Miss 

Wash ". 

W.  Va 

Wis 

Wyo 

Total 

2,653 

2,145 

13,136 

Mont 

5,556,918 

5,176.108 

1.041.028 

264,133 

It  was  In  the  Presidential  campaign  of  1884  that  the  Rev.  Dr.  Burchard,  heading  a  delegation  of  ministers 
who  called  on  Mr.  Blaine,  at  New  York  City,  to  congratulate  him,  made  the  much-lamented  reference  to 
"rum,  Romanism,  and  rebellion."  which  was  held  largely  responsible  for  Blaine's  defeat.  The  defeat  of 
Cleveland  In  1888  was  attributed  by  Democratic  politicians  to  his  message  to  Congress,  delivered  a  year 
before,  making  the  tariff  and  revenue  question  the  sole  issue  before  the  country.  In  1892  Simon  Wing, 
the  Socialiat-Labor  candidate,  polled  21,164  votes,  which  is  included  in  the  total.  Both  Republicans  and 
Democrats  fused  with  the  Weaver,  or  People's  Party.  In  different  States.  This  Is  why  no  votes  were  cast 
tor  Cleveland  In  Colorado.  Kansas.  North  Dakota,  and  Wyoming;  none  for  Harrison  in  Florida,  and  only 
a  nominal  vote  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi. 


Votes  for  President  by  States,  1856-1908— Continued. 


149 


1896. 


State. 

McKin'y 
Rep. 

Bryan, 
D..  Peon. 

i^lverfng, 
Proh. 

Palmer, 
Nat.-D. 

State. 

McKin'y 
Rep. 

Bryan, 
D.,  Peop. 

Livering, 
Proh. 

Palmer, 
Nat.-D. 

Ala 

54,737 

37,512 

146,588 

26,279 

110,285 

20,452 

11,257 

60,091 

6,314 

607,130 

323,748 

289,293 

■    159,345 

218,171 

22.037 

80.465 

136,978 

278,976 

293,072 

193,503 

5,123 

304,940 

10,494 

102,564 

131,226 

110,103 

166,496 

161,269 

66,740 

16,615 

31,958 

94,632 

23,135 

464,523 

306,206 

223,741 

171,695 

217,890 

77,175 

34,588 

104,746 

105,711 

236,994 

139,735 

53.800 

363,667 

42,537 

115.624 

2,147 

839 

2,573 

1,724 

1,806 

602 

644 

5,710 

172 

9,796 

2,973 

3,192 

1.698 

1,570 
5,922 
2,998 
4,938 
4,338 

390 
2,169 

186 
1,196 

6,462 

■-■2,666 

1 

4,336 

966 

1,772 

2,708 

6,367 
2,146 
4,516 
1,209 
4,781 
1,834 
1,870 
2,507 

11,749 
6,905 

32,316 
1,017 
2,355 

2,797 

Nev 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  Dak 

Ohio 

Ore 

1,939 

57,444 
221,367 
819,838 
155,222 

26,355 
525,991 

48,779 
728,300 

37,437 
9,313 

41,042 
149,403 
162,506 

13,461 

50,991 
135,388 

39,153 
105,379 
268,135 

10,072 

7  104,779 

7,802 

21,271 

133,675 

551,369 

174,488 

20,686 

474,882 

46,739 

433,228 

14,459 

58,801 

41,225 

168,878 

368,289 

67.053 

10,607 

154,985 

51.646 

94,488 

165,523 

10,861 

Ark 

Cal 

776 

5,614 

16,052 

635 

358 

5,068 

919 

19,274 

1,160 

604 

3,140 
5,030 

3,520 
6,373 

Col 

18,950 

Conn 

Del... 

678 

Fla 

1,858 

Ga.. 

977 

Idaho 

Ill 

Penn 

R.  I 

S.  C 

S.  Dak 

Tenn 

Texas 

Utah 

Vt 

Va 

11,000 
1,166 

Ind 

824 

Iowa 

Kan 

Ky 

2,i66 
4,853 

li      :: 

Me 

728 
2,344 

968 
1,223 
7,507 

159 

1,329 

Md 

2,127 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn ... 

Miss 

Wash 

W.  Va 

Wis 

Wyo 

Total 

1,668 

678 

4,684 

Mont 

Neb 

6,502,925 

132,007 

133,148 

1900. 


Me- 

Wool- 

Baker, 

Debs, 

Mc- 

Wool- 

Baker, 

Debs, 

State. 

Kinley. 

Bryan. 

ley, 

A.  F. 

Soc. 

.  State. 

I\inley, 

Bryan. 

ley, 

A.  F. 

.Soc. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Proh. 

Peop. 

Dem. 

Hep. 

Dem. 

Proh. 

Peop. 

Dem. 

Ala 

Ark 

53,669 
44,800 

96,368 
81,142 

1,407 
584 

3,796 
972 

928 

Nev ... 

3,849 

6,317 

27 

N.  H 

54,799 

35,489 

1,270 

790 

Cal 

164.755 

124,985 

5,024 

387 

7,572 

N.  J 

219,391 

165,908 

7,)44 

669 

4,221 

Col 

93,067 

122,733 

3,790 

389 

684 

N,  Y. 

822,013 

678,462 

22,077 

....'.. 

12,869 

Conn 

102,572 

74,014 

1,617 

1,029 

N.  C 

132,997 

157,733 

990 

■     737 

Del 

22,535 

18,863 

546 

57 

N.  Dak 

35,898 

20,531 

731 

110 

518 

Fla 

7,604 

28,261 

2,234 

1,070 

C03 

Ohio 

,543,918 

474,882 

10.203 

251 

4,847 

Ga 

34,028 
27,198 

77,353 
29,64f 

1,396 
857 

4,548 
213 

Ore 

Penn 

46,526 
712,665 

33,385 
424,232 

2,536 
27,908 

275 
638 

1,494 

Idaho 

4,831 

Ill 

597,985 
336,063 
307,808 

503,061 
309,581 
209,265 
162,601 

17,626 

13,717 

■    9,502 

3,605 

1,141 

1,438 

613 

9,687 
2,374 
2,742 
1,605 

R.  I 

s.  C 

33,784 
33,580 

19,812 
47,236 

1,529 

Ind 

" 

S.  Dak 

Tenn 

54,530 
123,180 

39,544 
145,356 

1,542 
3,882 

339 

1.322 

169 

Kan 

185,955 

413 

Ky 

226,205 
13,928 
65,475 

234,879 
53,671 
36,822 

2,262 

1.662 

770 

Tex 

Utah 

Vt 

120,483 
47,089 
51,127 

267,543 
44,949 
10,179 

2,644 
205 
368 

20,961 

1,846 

La       .... 

717 

Me 

2,585 

878 

371 

Md 

136,212 

122,271 

4,502 

90S 

Va 

115,687 

146,079 

2,153 

145 

Mass 

238.866 

156.977 

6,202 

9,716 

Wash 

57,456 

44,833 

2,363 

2,006 

Mich 

316,269 

211,685 

11,8.59 

837 

2,826 

W.  Va 

119,829 

98,807 

1,692 

219 

268 

Minn 

190,461 

112,90! 

8,555 

3,065 

Wis 

265,760 

159,163 

10,027 

7;048 

Mias 

5,753 

51,706 

1,642 

Wyo 

14,482 

10,164 

Mo 

Mont 

314,092 
25,373 

351,922 
37,146 

5,965 
298 

4,244 

6,128 
708 

Total 

7,207,923 

6,358,133 

208,914 

50,373 

90,116 

Neb 

121.835 

113.163 

3,68.5 

1,103 

823 

1904. 


State. 


Ala.  .  . 
Ark... 
Cal .  .  . 
Col.  .  . 
Conn . 
Del . . . 
Fla.  .  . 
Ga.... 
Idaho . 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. . 
Kan.. 
Ky... 

La 

Me.  .  . 
Md.  .. 
Mass. 
Mich. 
Minn. 
Miss.  . 
Mo.  .  . 
Mont. 
Neb.. 


Rods  3- 
velt. 
Rep. 


22,472 

46,860 
205,226 
134,687 
111,089 

23,712 
8,314 

24,003 

47,783 
632,645 
368,289 
307,907 
212.955 
205,277 
5,205 

64,438 
109,497 
257,822 
364,957 
216,651 
3,189 
321,449 

34,932 
138,558 


Parker, 
Dem. 


79,857 

64,434 

89,294 

100  105 

72,909 

19,347 

27,046 

83,472 

18,480 

327.606 

274,345 

149,141 

86,174 

217,170 

47,708 

27,648 

109,446 

165,746 

135,392 

55,187 

53,376 

296,312 

21,773 

51,876 


Debs, 
Soc. 


853 

1,816 

29, .533 

4,304 

4,543 

146 

2,337 

197 

4,954 

69,225 

12,013 

14,847 

15,849 

3,602 

995 

2,106 

2,247 

13,604 

9,042 

11,692 

393 

13,009 

5,676 

7.412 


Swal- 
low, 
Proh. 


612 

993 

7,380 

3,438 

1,506 

607 

5 

684 

1,013 

34,770 

23,496 

11,601 

7,306 

6,609 


1,510 
3,034 
4,279 
13,441 
6,253 


7,191 

335 

6,323 


Wat- 
son, 
Peop. 


5,051 
2,318 


824 

495 

51 

1,605 

21,611 

353 

6,725 

2,444 

2,207 

6,253 

2,511 


State . 


338 


1,291 
1,159 
2,103 
1,425 
4,226 
1,520 
20,518 


Nev.... 
N.  H... 
N. J.  .  . 
N.  Y... 
N  C.  . 
N .  Dak . 
Ohio .  .  . 
Ore .... 
Penn . . . 
R.  I.... 
S.  C.... 
S.  Dak. 
Tenn . . . 
Tex .... 
Utah . . . 

Vt 

Va 

Wash .  . 
W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Wyo .  .  . 


Total 7,623,486 


Rooss- 
velt. 
Rep. 


6,864 

51,163 

245,151 

8.59,533 

82,442 

52,595 

609,095 

60,455 

840,949 

41,605 

2,254 

72,083 

105,369 

51,242 

62,446 

40,456 

46,450 

101,540 

1.32,628 

280,164 

20,489 


Parker, 
Dem. 


3,982 

34,074 

161.562 

683,981 

124,121 

14,273 

344,674 

17,521 

335,430 

24,839 

54,635 

21,969 

131,282 

167,200 

33,413 

9,777 

80,«38 

28,098 

100,881 

}24,107 

8,930 


5,077,971 


Debs, 
Soc. 


925 

1,090 

9,588 

36,883 

124 

2,017 

38,260 

7,619 

21,863 

956 

22 

3,138 

1,354 

2,791 

5,767 

844 

218 

10,023 

1,574 

28,220 

1,077 


402,321 


Swal- 
low, 
Proh. 


750 

6,839 

20,787 

361 

1,140 

19,339 

3,806 

33,717 

768 


2,965 
1,906 
3,905 


792 
1,382 
3,229 
4,604 
9,770 

207 


258,536 


Wat- 
son, 
Peop. 


344 

82 

3,800 

7,459 

819 

165 
1,392 

746 


1 

1,240 
2,506 
8,062 


359 
669 
339 
530 


117,183 


Bryan  got  the  nomination  in  1896  by  his  "crown  of  thorns"  -speech  at  the  convention.  Democrats 
and  Silver  Republicans  fused  in  many  States  at  the  election;  Democrats  and  Populists  also  fused.  In 
1904,  in  Illinois,  the  Continental  Party  cast  830  votes. 


150  Votes  for  President  hy  States,  1856-1908— Coniinmd. 

1908. 


Chaf- 

His- 

State. 

Tan. 

Bryan. 

Debs, 

in, 

gen. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Soc. 

Proh. 

Ind 

Ala 

26,283 

74,374 

1.399 

665 

495 

Ark 

56.679 

87,015 

5.842 

1,194 

289 

Cal 

214.398 

127,492 

28,659 

11,770 

4,278 

Col 

123.700 

126,644 

7,974 

5,559 

Conn 

112.815 

68,255 

5,113 

2.380 

728 

Del 

25,014 

22,071 

239 

670 

30 

Fla 

10,654 

31,104 

3,747 

1,336 

553 

Ga 

41,692 

72,350 

584 

1,059 

77 

Idaho 

52,621 

36,162 

6,400 

1,968 

119 

Ill 

629,932 

450.810 

34  711 

29  364 

7,724 
514 

lud 

348,993 

338,262 

13,476 

18,045 

Iowa 

275.209 

200,771 

8.287 

9,837 

404 

Kan 

■  197.216 

161,209 

12,420 

5,033 

68 

Ky 

235.711 

244,092 

4,185 
2,538 

5,887 

200 

La 

8,958 

63,568 

79 

Me 

66,987 

35,403 

1,758 

1.487 

700 

Md 

116,513 

115,908 

2,323 

3,302 

485 

Mass 

265,966 

155.543 

10,781 

4.781 

19,239 

Mich 

335,580 

175,771 

11,586 

16.974 

760 

Minn 

195,843 

109,401 

14,527 

11,107 

426 

Miss.  .. 

4,363 

58,286 

978 

Mo 

347,203 

346,574 

15,431 

4,284 

402 

Mont 

32,333 

29,326 

5,855 

827 

443 

Neb 

126,997 

131,099 

3,.524 

5,179 

ST.\TB . 


Nev 

N.  H... 
N.  J. . . 
N.  Y..  . 
N.  C. .  . 
N.  Dak. 
Ohio.  .  . 
Okla.  .  . 
Ore .... 
Penn . . . 
R.  I.... 
S.  (^... 
S.  Dak . 
Tenn . . . 
Te.\ .... 
Utah . .  . 

Vt 

Va 

Wash .  . 
W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Wyo .  .  . 


Total . 


Taft, 
Rep. 


10,775 

53,149 

265,298 

870,070 

114,887 

57,680 

572,312 

110,558 

62,530 

745,779 

43,942 

3,963 

67,466 

118,324 

65,666 

61,165 

39,553 

5'!,573 

106,062 

1.37.869 

247,747 

20,846 

7,578,908 


Bryan, 
Dem. 


11.212 

33.655 

182.522 

667.468 

136,928 

32,885 

502,721 

122,406 

38,049 

448,778 

24,706 

62,288 

40,266 

135,638 

217,302 

42,601 

11,500 

82,946 

58,691 

111,418 

166,632 

14,918 


Debs, 
Soc. 


2.103 

1,299 

10,249 

38,451 

345 

2,421 

33,795 

21,779 

7,339 

33,913 

1,365 

101 

2,846 

1,870 

7,870 

4,890 


255 
14.1V7 

3,679 
28,164 

1,715 


6,409,104    420,973    253.840 


Chaf- 

in, 
Proh. 


905 

4.930 

22.667 


1,496 
11,402 


2,682 

36,694 

1,016 


4,039 

300 

1.634 


802 
1.111 

4,700 
5,139 
11.564 


Hia- 
geu. 
Ind. 


436 

584 

2,916 

35,817 


43 

439 

244 

289 

1,057 

1,105 

42 

88 
332 
115 

92 
804 

51 
249 

46 

'"64 


82.872 


1912. 


Statf,. 

Taft, 
Rep. 

Wilson. 
Dem. 

Roose- 
velt, 
Prog. 

Chal- 

in, 
Proh. 

Debs, 
Soc. 

State. 

Taft, 
Rep. 

Wilson, 
Dem. 

Roose- 
velt, 
Prog. 

Chaf- 

In. 
Proh. 

Debs, 

Soc. 

Ala 

Ariz 

Ark 

Cal 

Col 

Conn 

Del 

Fla 

Ga 

Idaho 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa 

9,732 

3,021 

24,467 

3,914 

■     58,386 

68.324 

15.997 

4,279 

5,191 

32,810 

253,593 

151,267 

119,805 

74,845 

115,512 

3,834 

26,545 

54.956 

155,948 

152,244 

64,334 

1,595 

207,821 

18,512 

54,020 

3,196 

82.438 

10,324 

68.838 

283,436 

114,232 

74,661 

22,631 

36,417 

93,076 

33,921 

405,048 

281,890 

185,325 

143,663 

219,684 

60.971 

51.113 

112,674 

173,408 

150,751 

106.426 

57,227 

330,746 

27,941 

109,008 

7,986 

22,680 

6,949 

21,673 

283,610 

72,306 

34,129 

8,886 

4,535 

21,980 

25,527 

386,478 

162,007 

161,819 

120,210 

102,766 

9.323 

48,495 

57,789 

142,228 

214,584 

125,856 

3,645 

124,371 

22,456 

72,614 

5,620 

265 

898 

23,366 

5,063 

2,068 

623 

1,854 

147 

1,537 

15,710 

19,249 

8,440 

3,'233 

946 
2,244 
2,754 
8.934 
7,886 

5;380 

32 

3,383 

3.029 

3.163 

8,153 

79.201 

16,418 

10,056 

556 

4,806 

1,026 

11,960 

81,278 

36,931 

16,967 

26.779 

11,647 

5,249 

2,541 

3,996 

12,616 

23,211 

27,505 

2,061 

28,466 

10,88r> 

10,174 

3.313 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  M 

N.  y 

N.  C 

N.  D 

Ohio 

Okla 

Ore 

Penn 

R.  I 

S.  C 

S    D       .... 

32,927 
88,834 
17,900 

455,428 
29,139 
23,090 

278,168 
90,786 
34,673 

273,305 

27,703 

536 

34,724 

170,282 

22,139 

655,475 

144,507 

29,555 

424,834 

119,156 

47,064 

395,619 

30,412 

48,357 

48,942 

130,335 

219,489 

36,579 

15,354 

90,332 

86,840 

113,046 

164,228 

15,310 

17,794 

145,409 

8,347 

390,021 

69,667 

25,726 

229,807 

V7,'6b6 

447.426 

16.878 

1,293 

58,811 

53,725 

28,530 

24,174 

22,132 

21,777 

113,698 

78,977 

62,460 

9,232 

535 
2.875 

'  V9.'4'27 

"  1,025 

1.243 

11,511 

2.185 

4,360 

19,533 

616 

3,'9'l6 

825 
1,698 

i;095 
709 
9,810 
4,534 
8,586 
434 

1,980 
15,900 

2,859 

63,381 

117 

6,966 
90,144 
41,674 
13,343 
80,915 

2,049 
164 

4.662 

3,492 
24,896 

9,023 

928 

820 

40,134 

15,336 

33,481 

2,760 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Md 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn 

Miss 

Mo 

Tenn 

Tex 

Utah 

Vt 

Va..- 

Wash 

W.  Va 

Wis 

Wyo 

Total . . . 

Plurality... 

59,444 

26,745 
42,100 
23,332 
23,288 
70,445 
56,667 
130,695 
14,560 

Mont 

Neb   . 

3,483,922 

6,286,214 

4,126,020 

208,923 

897,011 

Nev 

2,160,194 

1916. 


State. 


Ala.  . 
Ariz . . 
Ark.  . 
Cal.  . 
Col.  . 
Conn. 
Del.  . 
Fla.  . 
Ga... 
Idaho 
111 . .  . 
Ind.  . 
Iowa. 
Kan. . 
Ky... 
La. . . 
Me.  . 
Md.  . 
Mass. 
Mich. 
Minn, 
Miss. 
Mo.  . 
Mont 
Neb., 
Nev.. 


Hu 
ghes. 
Rep. 


22,809 

20,524 

47,148 

462,394 

102,308 

106,514 

■26,011 

14,611 

11,225 

55,368 

1,152,549 

341,005 

280,449 

277,658 

241,854 

6,466 

69,506 

117,347 

268,784 

239,097 

179,544 

4,253 

369,330 

66,750 

117,257 

12,127 


Wilson, 
Dem. 


99,409 

33,170 

112,148 

466,200 

178,816 

99,786 

24,753 

55,984 

125,845 

70,054 

950,229 

334,063 

221,699 

314,588 

269,990 

79,875 

64,127 

138,359 

247,885 

285,151 

179,152 

80,422 

398,025 

101,063 

158.827 

17,776 


Prog. 


20,65; 


3,898 


6,319 


290 


298 


Hanly. 
Proh. 


1,034 
1,153 
2,015 
27,698 
2,793 
1,789 
566 
4,855 


1,127 
26,047 
16,368 

3,371 
12,882 

3,036 

■  '  '597 
2,903 
2,993 
8,139 
7,793 


3,884 


2,952 
348 


Hen- 

san, 
Soc. 


1,925 

3,174 

6,999 

43,259 

10,049 

.5,179 

480 

5,353 

967 

8,066 

61,394 

21,855 

10,976 

24,685 

4,734 

292 

2,177 

2,674 

11,058 

16,120 

20,117 

1,484 

14,612 

9,564 

7,141 

3,065 


State . 


N.  H.. 
N.  J.. 
N.  M. 
N.  Y.  . 
N.  C .  . 
N.  D.. 
Ohio .  . 
Okla .  . 
Ore .  .  . 
Penn . . 
R.  I . . . 
S.  C. 
S.  D.  . 
Tenn. 
Tex .  . . 
Utah . . 

Vt 

Va . . . , 
Wash. 
W.Va. 
Wis. . . 
Wyo.  . 


Total . . 
Plurality. 


Hu 
ghes, 
Rep. 


43,723 
269,352 

31,163 
869,115 
120,988 

53,471 
514,753 

97,233 
126,813 
703,734 

44,858 
1,550 

64,217 
116,223 

64,999 

54,137 

40,250 

49,356 
167,244 
143,124 
^1,323 

21,698 


8,538,221 


Wilson 
Dem. 


43,779 
211,645 

33,693 
759,426 
168,383 

55,206 
604,161 
148,113 
120,087 
521,784 

40,394 
.    61,846 

59,191 
153,282 
286,514 

84,025 

22,708 
102,824 
183,388 
140,403 
193,042 

28,316 


9,129,606 


591,385, 


Prog. 


10,172 


234 


41,894 


Hanly 
Proh. 


303 

3,187 

112 

19,03) 

5i 


8,080 

1,646 

4,729 

28,525 

47U 


1.774 
147 

1,985 
149 
709 
783 

6,868 
175 

7,166 
373 


220,506 


Ben- 
son. 
Soc. 


1.318 
10,462 

1,999 

45,944 

490 


38,092 
45,190 

9,711 
42,637 

1,914 
1,35 

3,760 

2,542 
18.963 

4,460 
798 

1,060 
22,800 

6,140 
27,846 

1.453 


585.113 


Chief  Political  Assassinations  Since  1865. 


151 


WHITE    HOUSE    RULES. 

The  following  rules  have  been  arranged  for  the  conduct  of  business  at  the  Executlve^OflBces  during 
the  Winter  of  1918-19:  The  Cabinet  will  meet  on  Tuesdays  at  2.30  p.  m.  During:  the  continuance  of  the 
war  the  White  House  and  grounds  will  be  closed  to  visitors. — Joseph  p.  Tumulty,  SecTClary-to  the  President. 


FOREIGN    DIPLOMATS    DISMISSED    FROM    UNITED    STATES. 

The  recall  of  the  French  Minister,  Marquis  de  Moustier,  ^ent  here  by  Louis  XVI.,  was  requested  on 
November  25,  1788,  because  his  conduct  was  considered  objectionable  by  our  Government.  In  1789 
President  John  Adams  revoked  all  exequaturs  of  French  Consuls  in  the  United  States. 

Citizen  Genet,  sent  here  in  1793,  after  the  execution  of  Louis  XVI.  by  the  French  Committee  of 
Safety,  tried  to  -commission  privateers  here  to  prey  on  British  commerce,  besides  making  inflammatory 
speeches.    Thomas  Jefferson  asked  for  his  recall. 

The  Marquis  of  Casa  Yrujo,  Spanish  Minister  in  1805,  attempted  to  bribe  a  Philadelphia  editor  to 
favor  Spain  in  a  controversy  with  the  United  States.     He  was  handed  his  passports. 

F.  J.  Jackson,  British  Minister,  was  recalled  because  he  tried  to  arouse  feeling  against  the  United  States 
by  circularizing  British  Coniuls,  in  which  he  accused  the  American  Government  of  bad  faith  in  1S09. 

In  18i9  M.  Poussin,  French  Minister,  because  of  insolence  to  the  American  Secretary  of  State,  was 

Joj^  de  Marcoleta,  Minister  from  Nicaragua,  was  dismissed  December  30,  1852,  for  meddling  in  the 
Interoceaiiic  Isthmian  canal  controversy. 

For  enlisting  soldiers  for  the  Crimean  War  in  1855  British  Minister  Crampton  was  recalled  and  the 
exequaturs  of  three  British  Consuls  were  cancelled. 

For  refusing  to  appear  as  a  witness  in  a  trial  in  the  United  States  for  homicide  the  Dutch  Minister, 
H.  C.  Du  Bois.  was  recalled  at  Washington's  request  on  November  18,  1856.  In  the  same  year  the  British 
Consul,  Anthony  Barclay,  at  New  York,  was  sent  home,  as  were  the  British  Consuls  at  Philadelphia  and 
Cincinnati. 

Henry  Segur.  Minister  from  Salvador,  was  recalled  on  September  26,  1863,  for  having  attempted  to 
violate  the  neutrality  laws  of  the  United  States. 

In  186G  Esteban  Rogers,  Chilean  Consul  at  New  York,  was  seut  home.  '"■■ 

Constantine  Catacazy,  Russian  Minister,  interfered  in  the  negotiations  for  the  settlement  of  the  Alabama 
Claims,  and  his  recall  was  demanded,  June  16,  1871,  when  he  became  abusive  of  tiie  Pre.sident  and  Cabinet. 

In  1888  passports  were  handed  Lord  Sackville-West,  who,  in  resoouse  to  a  decoy  letter,  advised 
.Americans  of  British  birth  to  vote  for  Grover  Cleveland  lor  President. 

On  February  21,  1895,  the  United  States  Government  requested  the  recall  of  Lorin  A.  Thurston, 
Hawaiian  Minister,  for  publishing  an  article  reflecting  upon  the  administration  of  President  Cleveland. 

The  Spanish  Minister,  Dupuy  de  Lome,  wrote  disrespectfully  of  President  McKinley  to  a  friend  in 
Cuba,  for  which  he  was  dismissed  in  1898. 

During  President  Taf t's  term  passports  were  handed  to  the  Nicaraguan  Charge  d'Affaires,  Mr.  Rodvigues, 
to  protest  against  the  judicial  murder  in  Nicaragua  of  two  Americans. 

The  Turkish  Ambassador,  Rustem  Bey,  whose  criticisms  of  the  United  States  aroused  so  much  dis- 
cussion in  1914,  left  this  country  in  October  of  that  year  "on  leave  of  absence." 

Recall  of  Dr.  Constantin  Theodor  Dumba,  Austrian  Ambassador,  was  requested  by  United  States 
In  September,  1915,  as  a  result  of  his  attempts  to  cripple  American  industries. 

Formal  announcement  was  made  by  Secretary  of  State  Lansing  on  December  3,  1915,  that  Germany 
had  been  requested  to  immediately  recall  Cantain  Boy-Ed  and  Captain  von  Papeii.  the  Naval  and  Military 
Attaches  respectively,  on  account  of  what  the  United  States  Government  considered  improper  activities 
in  military  and  naval  matters. 


CHIEF    POLITICAL    ASSASSINATIONS    SmCE    1865. 


Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States, 

April  14,  1865;  died  April  15,  1865. 
Michael,  Prince  of  Serbia,  June  10,  1868. 
Prim,  Marshal  of  Spain,  December  28,  1870. 
Blchard,    Earl    of    Mayo,    Governor-General    of 

India,  February  8,  1872. 
Abdul  Aziz,  Sultan  of  Turkey,  June  4,  1876. 
Alexander  II.  of  Russia,  March  13,  1881. 
James  A.  Garfield,  President  of  the  United  States, 

July '2.  1881;  died  September  19,  1881;  Gulteai 

hanged,  June  30,  1882. 
Cai-ter  H.  Harrison,  Sr.,  Mayor  of  Chicago,  Octobe: 

28    1893. 
Marie  Francois  Sadl-Carnot,  President  of  Ifrance, 

June  24,  1894. 
Stanislaus  Stambouloft,  Premier  of  Bulgaria,  July 

25,  1895. 
Nasr-ed-Dln.  Shah  of  Persia,  May  1,  1896. 
Canovas  Del  Castillo,  Prime  Minister  of  Spain, 

August  8,  1897. 
Juan    Idlarte    Borda,    President    of    Uruguay, 

August  25,  1897. 
Jose  Maria  Reyna  Barrios,  President  of  Guate- 
mala, February  18,  1898. 
Empress  Elizabeth  of  Austria,  September  10,  189S. 
General  UUsses  Heureuax,  President  of  the  Domini- 
can Republic,  July  26.  1899. 
William  Goebel,  Governor  of  Kentucky,  January  30, 

1900. 
Humbert,  King  of  Italy.  July  29,  1900. 
William    McKinley,    President    of    the    United 

States,  September  6,   1901;  died  September   14, 

1901;  Leon  Czolgosz  executed,  October  29,  1901. 

Alexander,  King  of  Serbia,  and  his  wife.  Queen 

:  Draga,  June  11.  1903. 

Bobrlkoff,  Gov.-General  of  Finland,  June  16, 1904. 

Von   Plehve,    Russian    Minister  of  the  Interior, 

July  28,  1904. 
Soisalon   Soininen,   Procurator-General  of  Finland, 

February  6,  1905. 


Delyannls,  Greci.in  Premier.  June  13.  1905. 

Major-Gen.  Count  Sliuvalotf,  Russia,  July  11,  1905. 

Ex-Governor  Frank  Sleunenberg,  Idaho,  December 
30,  1905. 

Serglus,  Grand  Duke  of  Russia,  February  17, 1905. 

Gen.  Count  Alexis  Ignatieff,  Russia,  August  26,  1906. 

Gen.  Pavlov,  St.  Petersburg,  January  9,  1907. 

Premier  Mirza  Ali  Hzara,  Persia,  August  31,  1907. 

Carlos,  Klug  of  Portugal,  February  1,  190S. 

Louis  Philippe,  Crown  Prince  of  Portugal.  Febru- 
ary 1,  1908. 

Prince  Ito  of  Japan,  October  2fi,  1909. 

Premier  Pasha  Ghali,  Egypt,  February  21,  1910. 

Peter  Arcadowitcli  Stolypln,  Premier  of  Russia, 
September  14,  1911. 

Ramon  Caceres.  President  of  the  Dominican  Re- 
public, November  19,  1911. 

Jose  Canalejas,  Prime  Minister  of  Spain,  Novem- 
ber 12,  1912. 

Nazim  Pasha,  Turkish  Minister  of  War,  January 
23,  1913. 

Manuel  E.  Araujo,  Premier  of  Salvador,  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1913. 

Francisco  I.  Madero,  President -of  Mexico,  Feb- 
ruary 23,  1913. 

Jose  Pino  Suarez,  Vice-President  of  Mexico,  Feb- 
ruary 23,  1913. 

George,  King  of  Greece,  March  18,  1913. 

Archduke  Francis  Ferdinand  of  Austria-Hungary 
and  his  wife.  Countess  Sophie  Chotek,  Duchess 
of  Hohenberg,  June  23,  1914. 

JeanL.  Jaures,  French  Soclallstleader, July  31.1914. 

Gulllaume  Sam,  Pre=ildent  of  Hayti,  July  28,  1915. 

General  Chen  Chi-Nel,  of  Chinese  revolutionary 
party.  May  19,  1916. 

General  Count  von  Mirbacli,  German  Ambassador 
to  Russia,  at  Moscow,  July  5,  1918. 

German  Field  Marshal  von  Eichhorn,  In  the  Ukraine, 
July  31,  1918. 


152 


Statistics  of  the  States  of  the  Union. 


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Naturalization  Laws.  153 


NATURALISATION    LAWS. 

(Revised  by   the  Commissioner  of  Natiiralization,   Department  of  Labor.) 

The  foUowing  courts  alone  have  the  power  to  naturalize  aliens:  United  Statea  District  Courts  in  the 
States  and  Territories;  also  all  courts  of  record  in  any  State  or  Territory  having  a  seal,  a  clerk,  and  juris- 
diction in  actions  at  law  or  equity,  or  law  and  equity,  in  which  the  amount  in  controversy  is  unlimited. 

The  power  to  naturalize  is  limited  to  persons  residing  within  tlie  geographical  limits  of  the  respective 
courts. 

Any  alien,  white,  or  of  African  nativity  or  descent,  is  required,  if  he  desires  to  become  c.ituralized, 
to  file  a  declaration  of  intention  in  the  clerk's  office  of  a  court  having  jurisdiction,  and  such  declaration 
may  not  be  filed  until  the  alien  has  reached  the  age  of  eighteen.  Tills  declaration  must  contain  information 
as  to  the  name,  age,  occupation,  time  and  place  of  arrival  in  the  United  States,  and  must  further  show  that 
it  is  the  declarant's  bona  fide  intention  to  become  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  and  to  renounce  forever 
all  allegiance  and  fidelity"  to  any  foreign  prince,  potentate,  state  or  sovereignty,  and  particularly  to  the  one 
of  which  he  may  be  at  the  time  a  citizen  or  subject. 

The  widow,  and  children  who  are  under  age  at  the  time  that  an  alien  who  has  made  his  declaration 
of  intention  has  died,  without  having  secured  a  certificate  of  naturalization,  are  exempted  from  the  uecesslty 
of  filing  a  declaration  of  intention. 

PETITIONS  FOK   NATURALIZATION. 

Not  less  than  two  years  after  an  alien  has  filed  his  declaration  of  intention,  and  after  not  less  than 
five  years'  continuous  residence  in  the  United  States,  he  may  file  a  petition  for  citizenship  in  any  one 
of  the  courts  which  has  jurisdiction  over  the  place  in  which  he  resides,  provided  he  lias  lived 
at  least  one  year  continuously,  immediately  prior  to  the  filing  of  such  petition,  in  the  State  or 
Territory  in  which  such  place  Is  located.  This  petition  must  be  signed  by  the  petitioner  in  his  own 
handwriting  and  shall  give  his  full  name,  place  of  residence,  occupation,  place  of  birth  and  the  date 
thereof,  the  place  from  which  he  emigrated,  and  the  date  and  place  of  his  arrival  In  the  United  States. 
If  such  arrival  occurred  subsequent  to  the  passage  of  the  act  of  June  29,  1906,  he  must  secure  a  cer- 
tificate from  the  Department  of  Labor  showing  the  fact  of  such  arrival  and  the  date  and  place  there- 
of, for  filing  with  the  clerk  of  the  court  to  be  attached  to  his  petition.  If  he  Is  married  he  must  state 
the  name  of  his  wife  and.  If  possible,  the  country  of  her  nativity  and  her  place  of  residence  at  the 
time  of  the  filing  of  his  petition,  and.  If  he  has  children,  the  name,  date  and  place  of  birth  and  present 
place  o(  residence  of  each  living  child.  The  petition  must  set  forth  that  he  Is  not  a  disbeliever  In  or 
opposed  to  organized  government,  or  a  member  of  or  afflUated  with  any  organization  or  body  of  per- 
Bons  teaching  disbelief  In  or  opposition  to  organized  government;  that  he  Is  not  a  polygamlst  or  a  be- 
liever In  the  practice  of  polygamy,  and  that  he  absolutely  and  forever  renounces  all  allegiance  and 
fidelity  to  any  foreign  country  of  which  he  may,  at  the  time  of  filing  such  petition,  be  a  citizen  or 
BUbject.  This  petition  must  be  verified  at  the  time  it  is  filed  by  the  affidavit  of  two  credible  wit- 
nesses, who  are  citizens  ot  the  United  States  and  who  shall  state  that  they  have  known  the  petitioner 
during  his  entire  residence  (not  exceeding  five  years)  In  the  State  In  which  the  petition  Is  filed,  which 
must  be  not  less  than  one  year,  and  that  they  have  known  him  to  be  a  resident  of  the  United  States 
continuously  during  the  five  years  Immediately  preceding  the  filing  of  the  petition;  that  during  such 
time  he  acted  as  a  man  of  good  moral  character,  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  and  well  disposed  to  the  good  order  and  happiness  of  the  same.  If  a  portion  of  the  five 
years  has  been  passed  by  the  petitioner  In  some  other  State  than  that  In  which  he  resides  at  the  time 
of  filing  his  petition  the  affidavit  of  the  witnesses  may  verify  so  much  of  the  petitioner's  residence  as 
has  been  passed  In  the  State  (not  less  than  one  year),  and  the  portion  of  said  five  years'  residence  out 
ot  the  State  may  be  shown  by  depositions  at  the  time  of  hearing  on  the  petition. 

No  petition  may  be  heard  until  the  expiration  of  at  least  ninety  days  after  It  Is  filed  nor  within 
thirty  days  preceding  a  general  election.  At  the  hearing  upon  a  petition,  which  shall  be  at  a  date 
fixed  by  order  of  the  court,  the  witnesses  are  required  to  again  attend  and  testify  In  open  coirt  so 
that  the  Judge  or  Judges  thereof  may  be  satisfied  that  the  petitioner  is  qualified  and  that  he  has  com- 
piled with  all  the  requirements  of  the  law.i^  / 

MILITARY   SERVICE   A    SHORT-CUT   TO   UNITED    STATES   NATURALIZATION. 
(Amendment  to  Naturalization  Laws,  passed  by  Congress  and  approved  by  the  President,  May  9,  1918.) 

Any  native  Filipino  who  has  declared  his  intention  to  be  a  citizen  may  become  one  after  thi-ee  years' 
service  in  the  United  States  Navy,  Marine  Corps,  or  Naval  Auxiliary  Seri'ice.  Any  alien  or  Porto  Rican 
not  a  United  States  citizen,  desiring  to  be  a  citizen,  may  have  three  years'  service  with  the  United  States 
military  or  naval  forces  taken  as  a  substitute  for  five  years  of  continuous  residence  and  m<iy  become  a 
eitizen  upon  presentation  of  the  required  declaration  of  intention.  The  PWlippine  Islands,  Panama  Canal 
Zone,  and  places  of  United  States  military  or  naval  service  are,  for  purpose  of  naturalization,  accepted  as 
places  of  United  States  residence.  Any  alien  serving  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States 
during  the  oreaent  war  may  file  a  petition  for  natiu'allzation  without  preliminary  declaration  and  without 
proof  of  five  years'  residence.  Any  alien,  if  applying  while  still  in  the  service,  or  within  six  months  after 
honorable  discharge  or  separation  therefrom,  may  become  a  citizen  after  three  years  of  service  with  United 
States  military  or  naval  forces,  or  the  National  Guard  or  Naval  Militia  of  jany  State  without  filing  pre- 
liminary declaration  or  proving  five  years'  residence. 

In  cases  of  applicants  In  military  or  naval  service  petitions  may  be  filed  In  the  most  convenient  court 
without  proof  of  residence  within  its  jurisdiction.  Honorable  discharges  or  certificates  of  service  are 
deemed  prima  fade  proof  as  to  residence  and  character,  and  the  petition  of  a  person  In  actual  service  may 
be  heard  immediately  even  though  within  thirty  days  of  an  election.  Aliens  in-the  military  or  naval  service 
of  the  United  States  abroad  (i.  e.,  "not  within  the  juri.sdiction  of  any  court  authorized  to  naturalisie  aliens 
— wording  of  statute) ,  may  file  petitions  without  appearing  in  person,  and  may  take  the  oath  of  allegiance 
by  written  verification.  Service  by  aliens  on  vessels  of  other  than  American  registry  is  not  accepted  as 
residence  within  the  United  States.  .  ,  .    »  j 

AUen  seamen  who  have  sailed  three  years  on  United  States  merchant  or  fishing  vessels  are  protected 
as  American  citizens  after  declaring  intention  of  becoming  such.  (This  means  that  aliens  who  have  sailed 
three  years  or  more  on  American  vessels  may  claim  protection  as  American  citizens  by  simply  asking  for 
it  and,  at  the  same  time,  declaring  their  intention  of  becoming  citizens.)  Aliens  honorably  discharged  on 
account  of  disability  in  performance  of  duty  while  In  mlUUry  or  naval  service  during  the  war  or  at  Its 
termination,  may  be  relieved  of  the  necessity  of  proving  ccotinuotis  five  years'  residence.  Citizens  having 
lost  citizenship  by  entering  the  service  of  the  Allies  may  resume  citizenship  by  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance 

An  alien  who  is  a  native,  citizen,  subject,  or  denizen  of  any  country  with  which  the  United  States  is 
at  war,  shall  not  be  admitted  to  citizenship  unless  he  had  made  his  declaration  of  intention  not  less  than 
two  nor  more  than  seven  years  prior  to  the  entrance  of  the  United  States  into  the  war — with  certain  excep- 
tions. The  wording  of  the  statute  as  to  these  exceptions  is  elaborate  and  confusing,  but  the  substance  is 
to  permit  of  applications  for  citizenship  by  those  ser/ing  the  United  States  in  a  military  or  naval  capacity 
who  might  otherwise  be  excluded,  certain  safeguards  being  provided  of  notice  to  the  Government  Bureau 
of  Naturalization,  and  giving  the  Government  autliority  to  hold  up  the  granting  of  naturalization  inaen- 
nitely,  and  further  giving  the  President  discretion,  upon  investigation  and  report  by  the  Department  oi 
Justice  establishing  loyalty,  to  grant  the  privilege  of  applying  for  naturalization.  The  law  prohibits  any 
alien  from  making  a  declaration  of  intention  within  thirty  days  of  any  election. 


154 


United  States  Alien  Immigration  Statistics. 


UNITED    STATES    ALIEN    IMMIGRATION    STATISTICS. 

(By  Anthony  Caminettl,  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Immigration.    Figures  denoting  Immigration  for  the  years 
1832,  1843,  1850.  and  1857  represent  respectively  15  month,  9  month,  15  month,  and  6  month  periods.) 


TOTAL,  FROM  ALL  COUNTRIES.  BY  FISCAL  YEARS. 

Yea.i. 

Numt)er. 

Yf.ar. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

1820 

8,385 

9,127 

6,911 

6,354 

7,912 

10,199 

10,837 

18,875 

27,382 

22,520 

23.322 

22,633 

60,482 

58,040 

65,365 

45.374 

76.242 

79,340 

38,914 

68,069 

84,066 

80,289 

104,565 

52,496 

78,615 

114,371 

1846 

154,416 
234,968 
226,527 
297.024 
369.980 
379.466 
371.603 
368.645 
427.833 
200.877 
195.867 
112.123 
191.942 
129.571 
133.143 
142.877 
72.183 
132,925 
191,114 
180,339 
332,577 
303,104 
282,189 
352,768 
387,203 
321.350 

1872 

404.806 
459,803 
313,339 
227.498 
169,986 
141,857 
138,469 
177,826 
457,257 
669,431 
788,992 
603,322 
518,592 
395,346 
334,203 
490,109 
546,889 
444,427 
455,302 
560,319 
579,663 
439,730 
285,631 
258,536 
343.267 

1897 

230.832 

1821 

1847 

1873 

1898 

229.299 

1822 

1848 

1874 

1899 

311,715 

1823      .  . 

1849  

1875 

1900 

448,672 

1824 

1850 

1876 

1901 

487,918 

1825      .  . 

1851 

1877 

1902 

648,7^3 

1826 

1852 

1878 

1903 

857,045 

1827  .  .    . . . 

1853 

1879 

1904 

812,870 

1828 

1854 

1880 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1.026.499 

1829 

1855 

1881 

1.100,735 

1830      .  . 

1856 

1882 

1,285,349 

1831 

1857 

1883 

1908 

782,870 

1832   

1858 

1884 

1909 

751,786 

1833 

1859 

1885 

1910 

1,041,570 

1834 

I860 

1886 

1911 

878,587 

1835    .  ... 

1861 

1887 

1912 

838,172 

1836 

1862.. 

1888 

1913 

1,197,892 

1837 

1863 

1889 

1914 

1,218,480 

1838 

1864 

1890 

1915 

326,700 

1839 

1865 

1891 

1916 

298,826 

1840 

1866  

1892 

1917 

295,403 

1841 

1867 

1893.. 

1918 

..  110,613 

1842 

1868  

1894 

Total 

1843   

1869 

1895 

33,058,971 

1844 

1870 

1896 

1845 

1871 

FROM    AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 


1861 

13 

78 

93 

136 

518 

87 

392 

563 

1,499 

4,425 

4,887 

4,410 

7.112 

8,850 

7,658 

1876  

6,276 
-5,396 
5,150 
5,963 
17,267 
27,935 
29,150 
27.625 
36.571 
27.309 
28.680 
40,265 
45.814 
34.174 
56.199 

1891 

71.042 

76.937 

57.420 

38,638 

33,401 

65,103 

33,031 

39,797 

62,491 

114,847 

113,390 

171.989 

206.011 

177,156 

275,693 

1906 

265,138 

1862 

1877 

1892 

1907 

338,452 

1863 

1878 

1893 

1908 

168,509 

1864 

1879 

1894 

1909 

170,191 

1865 

1880 

1895 

1896 

1910 

258,737 

l866 

1881 

1911 

159,057 

J  867 

1882 

1897 

1912 

178,882 

1863 

1883 

1898 

1913 

254,825 

l869 

1884 

1899 

1914 

278,152 

l870 

1885 

1900 

1915 

18,511 

l871 

1886 

1901 

1902 

1916 

5.191 

)872 

1887 

1917 

1.263 

|873   

1888 

1889 

1903 

1904 

1918 

61 

;874 

Total 

}875: ::::::.: 

1890 

1905 ] 

4.068,395 

FROM  BELGIUM. 

1894 

1,709 
1,058 
1,261 
760 
695 
1,101 
1,196 

1901  

1,679 
2,577 
3,460 
3,976 
5,302 
5,099 
6,396 

1908   

4,162 
3,692 
5,402 
5,711 
4,169 
7,405 
5,763 

1915 

2,399 

1895 

1902  

1909  

1916 

986 

1896 

1903 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1917 

393 

1897 

1904 

1918 

73 

1898 

1899 

1905 

Total 

1906 

1913 

76,319 

1900 

1907 

1914 

FROM    BRITISH    NORTH    AMERICA    (CANADA.) 

The  figures  1865-1885  represent  what  the  United  States  Immigration  authorities  call 
and  foitli  over  the  border." 


'passing  baclt 


1865 

8,432 
50,782 
23,025 

8.548 
27,483 
45,199 
51,289 
47,567 
44,986 
39,823 
31,482 
28,692 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

28,689 

30,164 

36,571 

105,669 

132,652 

104,774 

76,271 

69,466 

50.531 

194 

239 

273 

1897 

290 

350 

1,322 

396 

540 

636 

1,058 

2,837 

2.168 

5.063 

19.918 

38.510 

1909 

51.941 

1866 

1898 

1910 

1911 

1912 

56.655 

1867 

1899 

56.830 

1868 

1900 

55.990 

1869 

1881 

1882 

1901   

1913 

73.802 

1870 

1902 

1914 

86,139 

^871 

1883 

1903 

1904 

1915 

82.215 

1872 

1884 

1916 

101,551 

l873 

1886 

1905 

1917 

105.399 

1874 

1894 

1908 

1907 

1918 

32.452 

1875 

1895 

Total 

1876; :;::;:;; 

1896!!!!!!!!! 

1908!!!!!.!!! 

776,663 

FROM    CHINA. 
(The  Exclusion  Act  operated  after  1883.) 


1853 

42 
13,100 
3,526 
4,733 
2.580 
7.183 
3.215 
6.117 
6.094 

1862 

4.174 
5,280 
6,240 
3,702 
1,872 
3,519 
6,707 
12,874 

fl870   

15.740 
7,136 
7,788 
20,291 
13,776 
16,437 
22.781 
10,594 

1878 

8.992 

1854 

1863 

1871 

1879 . 

9,604 

1865 

1864 

1872 

1880 

5.802 

1856 

1865 

1873 

1881 

11.890 

1857 

1866 

1874 

1882 

39,579 

1858 

1867 

1875 

1883 

8,031 

1869 

1868 

1876 

Total 

1860 

1869 

1877 

288.393 

1861 

United  States  Alien  Immigration  Statistics. 


155 


UNITED  STATES  ALIEN  IMMIGRATION  STATISTICS— Continued. 
FROM    DENMARK,    NORWAY,    AND    SWEDEN    (SCANDINAVIA.) 


Yeab. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

ZvT  umber. 

1820 

23 

24 

28 

7 

20 

18 

26 

28 

60 

30 

.19 

36 

334 

189 

66 

68 

473 

399 

112 

380 

207 

226 

588 

1.777 

1,336 

982 

1846...  7'. 

2.030 

1,320 

1,113 

3,481 

1,589 

2,438 

4.106 

3,396 

4,222 

1,349 

1,330 

930 

3,135 

2,320 

1,156 

441 

2,586 

2,672 

2.195 

3,356 

13,152 

10.460 

17.145 

43,941 

30,742 

1871 

1872 

22;i32 

28.575 
35.481 
19.178 
14,322 
12.323 
11.274 
12,254 
21,820 
65.657 
81.582 
105.326 
71.994 
52.728 
40.704 
46.735 
67.629 
81.924 
57.504 
50,368 
60.107 
66.295 
68,945 
32.400 
26,851 

1896 

33,199 

1821 , . 

1847 

1897 

21,089 

1822 

1848 

1873 

1893 

19,282 

1823 

1849 

1874 

1899 

22,192 

1824 

1850 

1875 

1900 

31,151 

1825 

1851 

1852 

1876 

1901 

39,234 

1826       

1877 

1902 

54,038 

1827 

1853 

1878 

1903 

77,647 

1828 

1854.: 

1855 

1879 

1904 

60.096 

1829       

1880 

1905 

60,625 

1830 

1856 

1881   

1906 

52,781 

1831       

1857 

1858           .... 

1882 

1907 

49,965 

1832 

1883      

1908 

30,175 

1833 

1859 

1884   

1909 

32,496 

1834 

1860 

1861 

1885     

1910 

48,496 

1835 

1836 

1911 

42,285 

1836 

1862 

1887 

1912 

27,554 

1837 

1838       

1863 

18G4 

1888 

1913 

32^267 
29391 

1889 

1914 

1839 

1865          

1890 

1915 

17,883 

1840 

1866 

1891 

1916 

14,761 

1841 

1867 

1892 

1917 

13,771 

1842 

1868 

1893 

1918 

6,506 

1843 

1869 

1894        

Total 

1844 

1870 

1895 

2.128,824 

1845 

FROM  FRANCE. 


?820. 
}821. 
1822. 
1823. 
1824. 
1825. 
1826. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829. 
1830. 
1831. 
1832. 
1833. 
1834. 
1835. 
1836. 
1837. 
1838. 
1839. 
1840. 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 
1845. 


371 

370 

351 

460 

377 

615 

645 

1.280 

2,843 

582 

1.174 

2.038 

5.361 

4.682 

2,989 

2,696 

4,443 

5,074 

3,675 

7,198 

7,419 

5,006 

4,504 

3,346 

3,155 

7,663 


1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1862. 
1853. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 


10,583 
20,040 
7.743 
5.841 
9.381 
20.126 
6,763 
10.770 
13.317 
6,044 
7,246 
1,187 
2,747 
2,772 
3,080 
3,389 
2,898 
2.314 
2.128 
2.949 
5.724 
5,886 
5,119 
3,879 
4,007 


1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 

1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1S82 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 


3,137 
9,317 
14,789 
9.643 
8.321 
8.002 
5,866 
4,159 
4.655 
4,313 
5,227 
6.003 
4,821 
3.608 
3,495 
3,318 
5,034 
6,454 
5,918 
6,585 
6,770 
4,678 
3.621 
3.080 
2:628 


1896 

2,463 

1897 

2,107 

1898 

1,990 

1899 

1,694 

1900 

1,739 

1901 

3,150 

1902 

3,117 

1903 

5,578 

1904 

9,406 

1905 

1906 

10,168 
9,380 

1907 

1908 

1909 

9,731 

8,788 
6,672 

1910 

7,383 

1911 

8,022 

1912 

8,628 

1913 

9,675 

1914 

9,296 

1915 

4,811 

1916 

4,156 

1917 

3,187 

1918 

1,798 

Total 

520.427 

FROM  GERMANY. 


1820.. 

1821.. 

1822. , 

1823.. 

1824., 

1825. , 

1826.. 

1827. 

1828. 

1829. 

1830. 

1831. 

1832. 

1833. 

1834. 

1835. 

1836. 

1837. 

1838. 

1839. 

1840. 

1841. 

1842. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845. 


968 

383 

148 

183 

230 

450 

511 

432 

1.851 

597 

1,976 

2.413 

10.194 

6,988 

17,686 

8,311 

20.707 

23,740 

11,683 

21.028 

29,704 

15.291 

20.370 

14.441 

20.731 

34.355 


1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1865. 
1856 
1857 
1858. 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1882 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 


57,561 

74.281 

58.465 

60.235 

78.896 

72.482 

145,918 

141,946 

215,009 

71,918 

71,028 

39,302 

69.586 

46,635 

43,946 

52,116 

23,811 

29,741 

41,155 

58,153 

120,218 

124,070 

122,977 

131.042 

118.L'25 


1871. 
1872. 
1873, 
1874, 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880, 
1881, 
1882, 
1883, 
1884 
1885, 
1S86 
1887, 
1888 
1889 
1.890 
1891 
1592 
1893 
1894 
1895 


82.554 

141.109 

149.671 

87.291 

47.769 

31.937 

29.298 

29,313 

34,602 

84,638 

210.485 

250.630 

194.786 

179.676 

124.443 

84.403 

106.865 

109,717 

99.538 

92,427 

113.554 

119,168 

78,756 

53.989 

32,173 


1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

Total . 


31,885 
22,533 
17,111 
17.476 
18,507 
21,651 
28,304 
40,086 
46,380 
40,574 
37,564 
37,807 
32,309 
25,540 
31,283 
32,061 
27,788 
34,329 
35,734 
7,799 
2,877 
1,857 
447 


5,494,487 


156 


United  States  Alien  Immigration  Statistics. 


UNITED  STATES  ALIEN  IMMIGRATION  STATISTICS — Continued. 


FROM    GREECE. 


Yk.u:. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

1894 

1.356 
697 
2.175 
571 
2.339 
2.333 
3,771 

1901 

5,910 
8,104 
14,090 
11,345 
10.515 
19,489 
36,580 

1908 

21,489 
14,111 
25,888 
26,226 
21,449 
22,817 
35.832 

1915 

12,592 

1895 

1902 

1909 

1916 

27,034 

1896 

1903 

1910 

1917 .• 

23.974 

1897 

1904 

1911 

1918 

1,910 

1898 

1905 

1912 

Total .  . 

1899 

1906 

1913 

352,497 

1900 

1907 

1914 

^FROM  HOLLAND 

(NETHERLANDS.) 

1820 

49 

56 

51 

19 

40 

37 

176 

245 

263 

169 

22 

175 

205 

39 

87 

124 

301 

312 

27 

85 

57 

214 

330 

330 

184 

791 

1846 

979 

2,631 

918 

1,190 

684 

352 

1,719 

600 

1,534 

2,588 

1,396 

700 

1,201 

168 

342 

369 

339 

349 

520 

572 

1,613 

2,698 

718 

1,134 

1,066 

1871 

993 
1,909 
3,811 
2,444 
1,237 
855 
591 
608 
753 
3,340 
8,597 
9,517 
5,249 
4,198 
2.689 
2.314 
4.506 
5.845 
6^,460 
4.326 
5.206 
6.141 
6.199 
1.820 
1,388 

1896 

1.683 

1821 

1847 

1872 

1897 

890 

1822 

1848.; 

1873 

1898 

767 

1823  . 

1849 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1899 

1,029 

1824 

1850 

1900 

1,735 

1825 

1851 

1901 

2.349 

1826  . 

1852 

1877  

1902 

2,284 

1827 

1853 

1878 

1879 

1903 

3,998 

1828 

1854 

1904 

4,916 

1829 

1855 

1880 

1905 

4,954 

1830  . 

1856 

1881 

1906 

4,946 

1831 

1857 

1882  

1907 

6,637 

1832 

1858 

1883  

1908 

5,946 

1833 

1859 

1884  

1909 

4,693 

1834 

1860 

1885 

1910 

7,534 

1835 

1861 

1886 

1911 

8,358 

1836 

1862 

1887 

1912 

6.667 

1837 

1863 

1888 

1913 

6,902 

1838 

1864 

1889 

1914 

6,321 

1839 

1865 

1890  

1915 

3,144 

1840! 

1866 

1891 

1916 

2,910 

1841 

1867 

1892 

1917 . 

2,235 

1842. 

1868 

1893 

1918 

944 

1843 

1869 

1894 

Total ,  . 

1844 

1870 

1895 

213,410 

1845 

FROM    ITALY. 


1820 

30 

62 

35 

33 

45 

75 

57 

35 

34 

23 

9 

28 

3 

1.699 

104 

61 

115 

36 

86 

84 

37 

179 

100 

117 

141 

137 

1846 

161 

164 

241 

209 

431 

447 

351 

556 

1,263 

1,052 

1.365 

329 

1,414 

1,051 

920 

964 

621 

514 

694 

594 

1,318 

1,585 

1,649 

1,489 

2,893 

1871 

1872 

1873  

2,8161 

4,190 

8,757 

7,667 

3,631 

3,017 

3,195 

4,344 

5,791 

12,354 

15.401 

32,160 

31,792 

16,610 

13,642 

21,315 

47,622 

51,558 

25,307 

52,003 

76,055 

61,631 

72,145 

42,977 

35,427 

1896 

68,060' 

1821 

1847 

1897 

59.431 

1822 

1848 

1898 

58,613 

1823 

1849 

1874  

1899 

77,419 

1824 

1860 

1875 

1900 

100,135 

1826 

1851 

1876 

1901 

135,996 

1826 

1852 

1877 

1902 

178,375 

1827 

1853 

1878 

1903 

230,622 

1828 

1854 

1879 

1904 

193,296 

1829 

1855 

1880 

1905 

221,479 

1830 

1856 

1881   

190G 

273,120 

1831 

1857 

1882 

1907 

285,731 

1832 

1868 

1883 

1908 

128,503 

1833..  ........ 

1869 

1884 

1909 

183,218 

1834 

1860 

1885  

1910 

1911 

215,537 

1835 .: . 

1961 

1886  .  .' 

182,883 

1836 

1862 

1887 

1912 

157,134 

1837 

1863 

1888  

1913 

265,542 

1838 

1864 

1889 

1914 

283,738 

1839 

1865 

1890 

1915 

1916 

49,688 

1840.. 

1866 

1891 

33,665 

1841 

1867 

1892 

1917 

34,596 

1842 

1868 

1893 

1918 

Total 

5,260 

1843..   .   . 

1869     .... 

1894 

1844 

1870 

1895 

4.098,855 

1845 

FROM 

JAPAN. 

1893 

1,380 
1,931 
1,150 
1.110 
1.526 
2,230 
2.844 

1900 

1901  

12.635 
5.269 
14.270 
19,968 
14,264 
10,331 
13.835 

1907   . .  . 

30.226 
15.803 
3.111 
2.720 
4.520 
6.136 
8.281 

1914 

8,929 

1894 

1908 

1909 

1915 

8,613 

1895... 

1902 

1916 

1917 

8,680 

1896 

1903 

1910  .  . 

8,991 

1897 

1904 

1911 

1913 

10,213 

1898 

1906 

1912 

Total 

1899 

1906 

1913 

214.966 

FROM    MEXICO. 


1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1000. 


109 
116 
150 
91 
107 
161 
237 


1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
19017. 


347 
709 
628 
1.009 
2.637 
1,997 
1.406 


1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
19U. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 


6.067 
16.251 
18.691 
19.889 
23.238 
11,926 
14.614 


1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

Total. 


12.340 
18.425 
17.867 
18,524 


187.436 


United  States  Alien  Immigration  Statistics.  157 

UNITED  STATES  ALIEN  IMMIGRATION  STATISTICS.— Continued. 

FROM    POLAND. 
Tabulated  separately  from  "countries  not  specified"  only  In  these  years. 


Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

1886 

12,294 
20,464 
22,155 
21,003 

1890 

28,068 
61,061 
62,818 

1894 

4,875 
2,142 
2,751 
8,333 

1898 

7,731 

1887 

1891 

1895 

Total 

1888 

1892 

1896 

279,138 

1889 

1893 

35,443 

1897 

FROM   PORTUGAL. 


1894 

2.196 
1,452 
2,766 
1,874 
1.717 
2.054 
4,234 

1901 

4,165 
5,307 
9,317 
6,715 
5,028 
8,517 
9,608 

1908 

7,307 

4,956 

8,229 

8,374 

10,230 

14,171 

10,898 

1915 

4,907 

1895 

1902 

1909 

1916 

12,259 

1896 

1903 

1910 

1917 

9,975 

1897 

1904 

1911 

1918 

2,224 

1898 

1899.    • 

1905 

1912 

Total 

1906 

1913 

158,480 

1900 

1907 

1914 

FROM    ROUMANIA. 


1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 


729 
523 
785 
791 
900 
1,606 
6.459 


1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 


7,155 
7,196 
9,310 
7,087 
4,437 
4,476 
4,384 


1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 


5,228 
1,590 
2,145 
2,522 
1,997 
2,155 
4,032 


1915... 
1916.. . 
1917.. . 
1918... 

Total 


481 
90 
66 
59 

"76,203 


FROM  RUSSIA. 


1820. . 

1821.. 

1822.. 

1823.. 

1824.. 

1825. . 

1826. . 

1827. . 

1828. . 

1829.. 

1830.. 

1831.. 

1832. 

1833. . 

1834.. 

1835. . 

1836.. 

1837. . 

1838.. 

1839. . 

1840.. 

1841.. 

1842.. 

1843.. 

1844.. 

1845.. 


14 
7 

10 
7 
7 

10 
4 

19 
7 
1 
3 
1 

62 
159 

15 
9 
2 

19 

13 

7 

0 

174 

28 
6 

13 
1 


1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856. 
1857. 
1858. 
1859. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 


248 

5 

1 

44 

31 

1 

2 

3 

2 

13 

9 

59 

108 

314 

156 

129 

134 

135 

385 

217 

999 

618 

376 

527 

1.130 


1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 


1,208 

2,665 

4,972 

5,868 

8,981 

5,700 

7.132 

3.595 

4,942 

7,191 

10,655 

21,590 

11,920 

17,226 

17,158 

17,800 

30,766 

33.487 

33,916 

35,598 

47,426 

81,511 

42,31.0 

39,278 

35,907 


1896... 
1897..  . 
1898.. . 
1899..  . 
1900..  . 
1901... 
1902.. . 
1903..  . 
1904... 
1905.. . 
1906..  . 
1907.. . 
1908..  . 
1909.. . 
1910.. . 
1911.. . 
1912.. . 
1913.  . 
1914.. . 
1915.. . 
1916.. . 
1917... 
1918.. . 

Total 


51,445 

25,816 

29,828 

60,982 

90,787 

85,257 

107,347 

136,093 

145,141 

184,897 

215,665 

258,943 

156,711 

120,460 

186,792 

158.721 

162,395 

291, 04« 

255,660 

26,187 

7.842 

12,716 

4,242 


3,310,003 


FROM    SWITZERLAND. 


1820. . 

1821., 

1822. 

1823. 

1824. 

1825. 

1826. 

1827. 

1828. 

1829. 

1830. 

1831. 

1832. 

1833. 

1834. 

1835. 

1836. 

1837. 

1838. 

1839. 

1840. 

1841. 

1842. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845. 


31 

93 
110 

47 
253 
166 
245 
297 
1,592 
314 
109 

63 
129 
634 
1,389 
548 
445 
383 
123 
607 
500 
751 
483 
553 
839 
471 


1846. 
1847. 
1848, 
1849, 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
18.i6 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1809 
1870 


698 

192 

319 

13 

325 

427 

2,788 

2,748 

7,953 

4,433 

1,780 

1,132 

1,671 

866 

676 

1,243 

587 

696 

1,022 

1,738 

3,751 

4,656 

3,405 

3,650 

3.075 


1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1391 
1895 


2.269 
3,650 
3,107 
3,093 
1.814 
1.549 
1,686 
1,808 
3,161 
6,156 
11,293 
10,844 
12.751 
9,386 
5,895 
4,805 
5,214 
7,737 
7,070 
6,993 
6,811 
6,886 
4,744 
2,905 
2,239 


1896.. . 
1897.. . 
1898... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901... 
1902... 
1903... 
1904... 
1905.. . 
1906.. . 
1907.. . 
1908... 
1909... 
1910... 
1911... 
1912... 
1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918... 

Total 


2,304 
1,566 
1,246 
1,326 
1,152 
2,201 
2,344 
3,983 
5,023 
4,269 
3,846 
3,748 
3,281 
2,694 
3,533 
3,468 
3,505 
4.104 
4.211 
1.742 
663 
911 
331 


256,326 


158 


United  States  Immigration  Statistics, 


UNITED  STATES  ALIEN  IMMIGRATION  STATISTICS— Continved. 


FROM    TURKEY. 


Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

Year. 

Number. 

1894 

1,517 
3,012 
4,308 
4,884 
4,451 
4,516 
4,247 

1901 

.  6,169 

6.410 

8,647 

9.679 

10.699 

15.864 

28,820 

1908 

21.043 
16,521 
33,617 
24,667 
27,269 
38.083 
29.915 

1915 

4.551 

1895 

1902  

1909 

1916 

1.983 

1896 

1903 

1910 

1917 

545 

1897 

1904 

1911 

1918 

58 

1898 

1905 

1912 

Total 

1899 

1906 

1913   . .  . . 

311  375 

1900 

1907 

1914 

F 

ROM  THE 

UNITED  KINGDOM  (GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND). 

1820 

6,0*24 

4,728 

3,488 

3,008 

3,609 

6,983 

7,727 

13,952 

17,840 

10,594 

3,874 

8,247 

17,767 

13,564 

34,964 

29,897 

43,684 

40,726 

18,065 

34,234 

42,043 

53,960 

73,347 

28,100 

47,843 

64,031 

1846 

73,932 

128,838 

148,093 

214,530 

215,089 

272,740 

200,247 

200,225 

160,253 

97,199 

99,007 

53,508 

83,030 

63,783 

68,560 

72.127 

32.610 

85.178 

131.724 

100.108 

133,061 

126,289 

115  392 

125,250 

160,701 

1871 

142,930 

153,626 

166,826 

115,706 

85,846 

48,854 

38,146 

38,082 

49,964 

144,870 

153,714 

179,419 

158,082 

129,223 

109,480 

112,539 

161,744 

182,198 

153,537 

122,735 

122,287 

93,598 

78,767 

52.751 

75,137 

1896 

64.818 

1821 

1847 

1872 

1897..   .   . 

41.148 

lS22 

1848 

1873 

1898.. 

38.021 

1823 

1849 

1874 

1899.. 

45,123 

1824 

1850 

1851 

1875 

1900 

48,237 

1825 

1S76 

1901 

45,546 

1826 

1852 

1877 

1902 

46,036 

1827 

1853 

1878 

1903 

68,947 

1828 

1854 

1879 

1904 

87,590 

1829 

1855 

1880 

1905 

137,134 

1830 

1856 

1881 

1906 

102,193 

1831 

1857 

1882    .... 

1907 

113,567 

1832. 

1858 

1883 

1908 

93,380 

1833 

1859 

1860 

1884 

1885   

1909  . 

71,826 

1834 

1910  . 

98,796 

1835 

1861 

1880    

1911  . 

102,496 

1836 

1862 

1887   

1912 

82,979 

1837 

1863 

1888 

1913  .  . 

88,204 

1838 

1864 

1889 

1914  . 

73,417 

1839 

1865 

1890 

1915.. 

41,422 

1840 

1866 

1891 

1916.. 

24,702 

1841 

1867 

1892  

1917 

16,141 

1842 

1868 

1893 

1918  . 

2,847 

1843 

1869 

1894 

Total 

1844 

1870 

1895   

8,198,404 

1845 

FROM    THE   WEST    INDIES. 


1894 

3.177 
3.096 
6.828 
4.101 
2.124 
2.585 
4.656 

1901 

3.176 
4.711 
8,170 
10,193 
16,641 
13,666 
16,689 

1908.    .  . 

11.888 
11.180 
11.244 
13.403 
12.467 
12.458 
14.451 

1915  . 

11.598 

1895 

1902 

1909 

1916 

12.027 

1896 

1903 

1910 

1917 

16.607 

1897 

1904 

1911.    .  .  . 

1918  . 

8,879 

1898 

1905 

1912   ' 

Total 

1899 

1906 

1913 

234,905 

'900 

1907 

1914 

FROM    COUNTRIES    NOT   SPECIFIED. 


1820 

875 

3.404 

2,690 

2,590 

3,331 

1,945 

1,546 

2.587 

2,892 

10,210 

16,136 

9,632 

26,437 

30,686 

8,065 

3,660 

6,072 

1837 

8.651 
5.130 
4,446 
4,099 
4,488 
4,815 
3,826 
4.373 
6,940 
8,234 
7,497 
9.634 
11,481 
63.554 
10,453 
9,709 
8,360 

1854 

11,180 

12,755 

7,964 

12,396 

21,867 

8,447 

8,190 

6,002 

4.345 

6,953 

6.915 

3,461 
2.451 
4,834 
4,989 
9,543 

1904. . 

16,861 

1821 

1838 

1855 

1905 

18,948 

1822 

1839 

1856 

1906 

48,100 

1823 

1840 

1857 

1907 

26.741 

1824 

1841 

1858 

1908 

23,771 

1825 

1842 

1859 

1909  . 

10.638 

1826 

1843 

I860..  .. 

1910  . 

19,217 

1827 

1844 

1861 

1911. . 

19,105 

1828 

1845 

1862 

1912. . 

19,695 

1829 

1848 

1863 

1913. . 

19.906 

1830 

1847 

1864 

1914 

31.987 

1831 

1848 

1899 

1915 

15,817 

1832 

1849 

1916  . 

19,024 

1833 

1850 

1900 

1917.. 

26,009 

1834 

1851 

1901 

1918.. 

13,700 

1835 

1852    .  . 

1902 

Total 

1836 

1853 

1903'. .'.  ■.".■.'.'. 

2,088,492 

"Countries  not  specified'  includes  Poland,  1886-1898.  Immigration  In  the  year  ended  June  30,  1918, 
Included:  From  China,  1,795;  India,  130;  Australasia,  925;  Central  America,  2,220;  South  America, 
3,343;  Spain.  4,295. 


LEAGUE    FOR    NATIONAL    UNITY. 

Organized  in  Wastdngton,  D.  C,  October  8,  1917.  Purpose:  "To  create  a  medium  through  which  the 
loyal  Americans  of  all  classes,  sections,  creeds,  and  parties  can  give  expression  to  the  fundamental  purpose 
of  the  United  States  to  carry  on  to  a  successful  conclusion  this  new  war  for  the  Independence  of  America 
and  the  preservation  of  democratic  institutions  and  the  vindication  of  the  basic  principles  of  humanity  " 

The  officers:  Honorary  Chairmen — His  Eminence  James  Cardinal  Gibbons,  Frank  Mason  North. 
Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  of  America.  Chairman — Theodore  N.  Vail,  President  American 
Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company.  Vice-chairmen — Samuel  Gompers,  President  American  Federation 
of  Labor;  Charles  S.  Barrett,  President  Farmers'  Educational  and  Co-operative  Union  of  America.  Chair- 
man Literary  Bureau—TaicoU  Williams,  Director  School  of  Journalism,  Columbia  University.  New  York. 
Chairman  Next  o/  Kin  Division— Wheeler  P.  Bloodgood.  Member  Exe'outive  Council.  Wisconsin  Loyalty 
Legion,  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin.  Director — Ralph  M.  Easley,  Chairman  National  CivJc  Federation.  \  Sec- 
retary— D.  L.  Cease,  editor  "The  Ralh-oad  Trainman."     Tre^urer — Otto  H.  Kahn,  Kuhn,  Loeb  &  Co. 


United  States  Immigration  Statistics. 


159 


TOTAL  IMMIGRATION,   BY   SEX   AND   AGE. 


Year 
(Fiscal). 


1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1001, 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
191S. 


Total 
Immi- 
grants. 


623,084 
502,917 
314,467 
279,948 
343,267 
230,832 
229.299 
311,715 
448,572 
487,918 
648,743 
857,046 
812,870 
,026,499 
,100,735 
,285,349 
782,870 
751,786 
,041,570 
878.587 
838,172 
,197,892 
.218,480 
326,700 
298,826 
295,403 
110,618 


Male. 


385,781 
315,845 
186,247 
159,924 
212,466 
135,107 
135,775 
195,277 
304,148 
331,055 
466.369 
613,146 
549,100 
724,914 
764,403 
929,976 
506,912 
519,909 
736,038 
570,0.37 
529,931 
808,144 
798,747 
187,021 
182,229 
174,479 
61,880 


Fe- 
male. 


237,303 
187,072 
128,220 
120,024 
130,801 
95,725 
93,524 
116,438 
144,424 
156,863 
182,374 
243.900 
263,770 
301,585 
336,272 
355,373 
275,958 
231,817 
305,532 
308,530 
308,241 
389,748 
419,733 
139,679 
116,597 
120.924 
"48,738 


Under 

14  Yrs, 


89,167 

57,392 

41,755 

33,289 

52,741 

38,627 

38,26 

43,983 

54,624 

02,502 

74,063 

102,431 

109,150 

114,668 

136,273 

138,344 

112,148 

88,393 

120,509 

117,837 

113.700 

147,158 

158,621 

52,982 

47,070 

47,467 


14  to  45 
Years. 


491,839 
419,701 
258,162 
233.543 
254,519 
165,181 
164,905 
248,187 
370,382 
396,516 
539,254 
714,053 
657,155 
855,419 
913,955 
1,100,771 
630,671 
624,876 
868,310 
714,709 
678,480 
986,355 
981,692 
244,472 
220,821 
214,616 


45  Yrs 

and 

Over. 


42,078 
25,824 
14,550 
13,116 
36,007 
27,024 
26,127 
19,545 
23.566 
28,840 
35,426 
40,562 
46,565 
56,412 
50,507 
46,234 
40,051 
38,517 
52,751 
46,041 
45,992 
64,379 
78,167 
29,246 
30,935 
33,320 


De- 
barred . 


2,164 

1,053 

2,389 

2,394 

2,799 

1,617 

3,030 

3,798 

4,246 

3,516 

4,974 

8,769 

7,994 

11,879 

12.432 

13.064 

10,902 

10,411 

24,270 

22,349 

16.057 

19.938 

33,041 

24,111 

18.867 

16,028 

7,297 


De- 
ported 
Within 
1  Year. 


63 

577 

417 

189 

238 

263 

199 

263 

356 

363 

46 

547 

300 

98 

61 

70 

114 

58 

23 

9 

16 

8 

30 

25 

7 

1 


De- 
ported 
Within 
3  Yrs 


479 

747 

615 

925 

1,955 

2,006 

2,672 

2,779 

2,440 

3,453 

4,580 

2,539 

2,776 

1,852 


Read, 
But 
Not 

Write. 


59,582 
16.784 
2,612 
5,066 
1,572 
1,416 
1,022 
2,097 
3,058 
2,917 
3,341 
3,953 
8,209 
4,755 
5,829 
2,310 
2,431 
4,571 
2,930 
3,024 
5,326 
3,074 
392 
307 
295 


Can't 
Read 

or 
Write. 


61,038 

41,614 

42,302 

78,130 

43,008 

43,057 

60,446 

93.576 

117,587 

162,188 

185,667 

168,903 

230,882 

265,068 

337,573 

172,293 

191,049 

253,569 

182,273 

177,284 

269,988 

260,152 

35,057 

40,138 

35,215 


The  second  deported  ooliimn,  after  1910,  iuclude.s  persons  deported  without  time  limit;  1911,  71; 
1912,  54;  1913,  79;  1914,  215;  1915,  196;  1916,  249.  For  the  years  prior  to  1895  the  figiu-es  in  the  last  two 
columns  are  for  persons  over  16  years;  for  1895  to  date  for  persons  14  years  of  age  and  over.  "Under  14 
years"  includes  those  under  15  until  1899;  "14  to  45"  means  15  to  50  until  1899;  "45  and  over"  meana  40 
and  over  until  1899. 

IMMIGRANT  ALIENS  ADMITTED  INTO  THE  UNITED  STATES,  BY  MONTHS,  1913  TO  1917. 


MONTH. 


January ,  . 
February . 
March ... 
April .... 

May 

June 


1913. 


46,441 

59,156 

96,958 

1.36,371 

137,262 

176.261 


1914. 


44,703 
46,873 
92,621 
119.885 
107,796 
71,728 


1915, 


15,481 
13,873 
19,263 
24,532 
26,069 
22,598 


1910, 


17,293 
24,740 
27,586 
30,560 
31,021 
30,764 


1917 


24,745 
19,238 
15,512 
20,523 
10,487 
11,095 


MOiNTH. 


July 

.August.  .  .  . 
September. 
October. .. . 
November. 
December. . 


1913. 


138,244 
126,180 
136,247 
134,440 
104,671 
95,387 


1914. 


60.377 
37,706 
29,143 
30.416 
26.298 
28,944 


1915.  1916 


21.604 
21,949 
24,513 
25,450 
24,545 
18,901 


25,035 
29,975 
36,398 
37,056 
34,437 
30,902 


1917. 


9,367 
10,047 
9,228 
9,285 
6,446 
6,987 


IMMIGRATION,    BY    CHIEF    PORTS,    SINCE    1905, 


Year 
(Fiscal)  . 


1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 

1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


New  York,. 


U.  S. 

Citizens 

Returning 


123,618 

135,959 

146,747 

158,619 

169,820 

170,210 

182.724 

179,358 

160,686 

168,912 

132,983 

49,733 

39,958 

21,739 


Non- 

Immi?r'nt 

Aliens 


27,687 

44,975 

111,539 

99,008 

144,140 

109,921 

100,059 

112,268 

139,937 

114,521 

02,738 

32,721 

29,100 

26,387 

Baltlmore. 


Immi- 
grants. 


Philadelphia. 


788,219 
880,036 
1,004,7.50 
585,970 
580,017 
786,094 
637,003 
605,151 
892,653 
878,052 
178,416 
141,390 
129,446 
28.867 


1,536 

230 

62,314 

1,367 

290 

54,064 

1,514 

1,074 

66,910 

1,484 

653 

31,489 

1,121 

1,546 

18,966 

1,030 

682 

30,563 

1,290 

593 

22.866 

1,136 

814 

21,667 

1,104 

763 

32,833 

1.071 

956 

39,048 

204 

166 

3,017 

52 

"*  52 

124 

47 

S:25 

231 

49 

"22 

268 

U.  S. 
Citizens 
Return'g 


3,779 
3,924 
3,258 
3,158 
3,252 
2,905 
3,527 
3,983 
3,999 
3,114 
1,868 

93 
125 

30 

San 


Non- 
Immlg. 

Aliens. 


326 

577 

1,008 

433 

789 

2,030 

1,271 

3,606 

4,271 

2,672 

1,108 

34 

42 

26 


Immi- 
grants. 


BOSTON. 


23,824 

23.186 

30,501 

16.4.58 

14,294 

37,611 

45,023 

43,749 

59,406 

56,857 

7,114 

229 

274 

380 


Francisco. 


2.473 

1,108 

4.641 

1,767 

4,567 

2,283 

5,303 

2,976 

6,351 

4,273 

5.818 

4,387 

4,249 

4,417 

5,567 

4,168 

5,909 

3,381 

5,404 

3,084 

6,168 

4,013 

6,254 

3,674 

5,032 

3,245 

4,547 

8,116 

6,377 
4,138 
3,539 
3,008 
3.103 
4,233 
3,419 
3,958 
5,554 
6,716 
8,055 
.-7,955 
7,269 
9,812 


U.  S. 

Citizens 

UeturniUE 


17,243 
12,285 
12,420 
11,745 
11.284 

9,244 
11,019 
10,517 
11,804 
14,816 
10,634 

1,243 
790 
419 


Non- 

Immigr'nt 

Aliens 


715 

5,103 

12,558 

11,002 

11,577 

8,458 

8,423 

10,008 

11.649 

11,085 

5,385 

1,129 

628 

215 


Immi- 
grants. 


65,107 
62,229 
70,164 
41,363 
36,318 
53,617 
45,865 
38,782 
64.740 
69,365 
15,983 
12,428 
11.828 
3,392 


Total  United  States. 


167,227 
177,488 
191,797 
200,447 
217,173 
243,191 
269,128 
280,801 
286,604 
286,586 
239,579 
121,930 
127,420 
72,867 


40,889 

65,618 

153,120 

141,825 

192,449 

166,467 

151,713 

178,983 

229,335 

184,601 

107.544 

67,922 

67,474 

101,235 


1,026,499 

1,100,735 

1,285,349 

782.870 

751.786 

1,041,570 

878,587 

838.172 

1.197,892 

1,218,480 

326,700 

298,826 

295,403 

110,618 


160 


United  States  Immigration  Statistics. 


UNITED  STATES  IMMIGRATION  STATISTICS— Continued. 


INWARD    PASSENGER    MOVEMENT. 
(Includes  both  permanent  and  temporary.) 


Sex. 


Male . . . . 
Female.  . 

Total . . 


Year  Ended  June  30.  1918. 


Immi- 
grant 
Aliens 
Adm'ed. 


61,880 
48,738 


110,618 


Non- 
Immi- 
grant 
Aliens 
Adm'ed, 


81,231 
20,004 


101,235 


United 
States 
Citizens 
AiT'ed. 


52,175 
20,692 


72,867 


Aliens 
De- 
barred. 


4,683 
2,614 


7,297 


Grand 
Total. 


199,969 
92,048 


292.017 


OUTWARD  PASSENGER  MOVEMENT. 
(Includes  both  permanent  and  temporary.) 
Year  Ended  June  30,  1918. 


Sex. 


Male .  . . . 
Female . . 

Total . . 


Emi- 
grant 
Aliens 
Dep't'd. 


71,352 
23,233 


94.585 


Non- 
Emi- 
grant 
Aliens 
Dep't'd. 


81,500 
17,183 


98.683 


United 

States 

Citizens 

Dep't'd. 


244,877 
30,960 


275,837 


Grand 
Total. 


397,729 
71,376 


469.105 


Note — Arriving  aliens  whose  permanent  residence  has  been  outside  the  United  States,  who  Intend 
to  reside  permanently  in  the  United  States,  are  classed  as  immigrant  aliens.  Departing  aliens  whose  perma- 
nent residence  has  been  in  the  United  States,  who  intend  to  reside  permanently  outside,  are  classed  as  emi- 
grant aliens.  All  alien  residents  of  the  United  States  making  a  temporary  trip  abroad  and  all  aliens  residing 
abroad  malting  a  temporary  trip  to  the  United  States  are  classed  as  non-immigrant  aliens  on  the  inward 
journey  and  non-emigrant  on  the  outward. 

(Year  Ended  June  30,  1918.) 
•  Immigrants,  by  Chief  Occupations,  were:  Actors,  214;  clergy,  404;  electricians,  222;  professional 
engineers,  520;  musicians,  190;  Government  officials,  874;  physicians,  182;  teacher.s,  849;  bakers,  260; 
barbers,  221;  blacksmiths,  288;  carpenters,  1,670;  clerks,  3,908;  dressmakers,  774;  engineers,  527;  iron  and 
Steel  workers,  194;  machinists,  815;  mariners,  4,632;  masons,  287;  mechanics,  561;  miners,  649;  painters, 
246;  seamstresses,  1,268;  shoemakers,  332;  stokers,  744;  tailors,  584;  weavers,  212;  farm  laborers.  4.538; 
farmers,  2,583;  fishermen,  378;  laborers,  14,659;  merchants,  2,659. 

Admissions,  Immigrant  Aliens,  by  Months:  (1917) — July,  9,367;  August,  10,047;  September,  9,228; 
October,  9,284;  November,  0,446;  December,  6,987.  (1918) — January.  6,356;  February,  7,388;  March. 
6,510;  April.  9,541;  May,  15,217;  June,  14,247. 

Departures,  Emigrant  aliens,  by  Months:  (1917) — July,  8,594;  August,  7,659;  September,  7,227; 
October,  4,861;  November,  8,136;  December,  5,602.  (1918) — January,  6,661;  February,  14,935;  March, 
4,082;  April,  9,437;  May.  12,517;  June,  4,964. 

Destination,  by  States,  of  Im.mi6Rant  Aliens — Ala.,  182;  Alaska,  151;  Ariz.,  2,430;  Ark.,  74;  Cal., 
12,098;  Col.,  573;  Conn.,  1,795;  Del.,  64;  Dist.  of  Col.,  858;  Fla.,  1,459;  Ga.,  146;  Hawaii,  3,100;  Idaho, 
425;  111.,  2,748;  Ind.,  433;  Iowa,  530;  Kan.,  249;  Ky.,  65;  La.,  1,742;  Maine,  1,733;  Md.,  588;  Mass.,  9,638; 
Mich.,  5,895;  Minn.,  1,627;  Miss.,  74;  Mo.,  489;  Mont.,  725;  Neb.,  304;  Nev.,  160;  N.  H.,  1,008;  N.  J., 
2,637;  N.  M.,  644;  N.  Y.,  27,384;  N.  C  69;  N.  D..  510;  Ohio.  1.755;  Okla.,  Ill;  Ore.,  902;  Pa.,  3,514; 
Philippine  Isls.,  27;  Porto  Rico.  327;  R.  I.,  1,027;  S.  C,  50;  S.  D.,  143;  Tenn.,  93;  Tex.,  12,288;  Utah,  513; 
Vt.,  1,001;  Va.,  1,554;  Virgin  Lsls.,  7;  Wash.,  3,652;  W.  Va.,  292;  Wis.,  571;  Wyo.,  124;  total,  110,618. 

Im.migrant  Aliens,  by  Chief  Races — African  (black),  5,706;  Armenian,  221;  Bohemian  and  Moravian, 
74;  Bulgarian,  Serbian,  Montenegrin,  150;  Chinese,  1,576;  Croatian  and  Slovenian,  33;  Cuban,  1,179; 
Dalmatian,  Bosnian,  Herzegovinian,  15;  Dutch  and  Flemish,  2,200;  East  Indian,  61;  English,  12,980; 
Finnish,  1,867;  French,  6,840;  German,  1,992;  Greek,  2,602;  Hebrew,  3,672;  Irish,  4,657;  Italian  (noitli), 
1,074;  Italian  (south),  5,234;  Japanese,  10,168;  Korean,  149;  Lithuanian,  135;  Magyar,  32;  Mexican. 
17,602;  Pacific  Islander,  17;  Polish,  668;  Portuguese,  2,319;  Roumanian,  155;  Russian,  1,513;  Ruthenian 
(Russuiak),  49;  Scandinavian,  8,741;  Scotch,  5,204:  Slovak,  35;  Spanish,  7,909;  Spanish-American,  2,231; 
Syrian,  210;  Turkish,  24;  Welsh,  278;  West  Indian  (except  Cuban),  732;  other  peoples,  314;  total,  110,618. 

Debarred,  by  Chief  Causes — Pauper,  2,810;  unable  to  "read  (over  sixteen  years),  1,598;  loatlisome 
OT  dangerous  contagious  diseases,  469;  contract  laborers,  474;  chronic  alcoholism,  305;  under  sixteen  years, 
unaccompanied,  205;  Chinese,  261;  stowaways,  161;  criminals,  160:  disorderly  women,  161. 

Debarred,  by  Chief  Races — African,  476;  Chinese,  308;  English,  859;  French,  750;  German,  257; 
Hebrew,  222;  Irish,  390:  Italian,  316;  Japanese,  201;  Mexican,  1,687;  Polish,  183;  Russian,  170;  Scandi- 
navian, 139;  Scotch,  309;  Spanish,  315. 

ADMISSIONS,    BY   PORTS. 
(Year  ended  June  30,  1918.) 


PORTS. 


Admitted 

Immigrant 

Aliens. 

Admitted 
Non-Immi- 
grant Aliens. 

United 

States 

Citizens. 

Departed 

Emigrant 

Aliens. 

Departed 

Non-Emi- 

gr'nt  Aliens 

Departed 

U.  S. 
Citizens. 

28,867 

3,392 

386 

26,387 
215 
26 
22 
144 
30 
23 
35 
90 
17 

21,739 

419 

30 

49 

88 

30,536 
2 

32,018 
4 

208,421 
34 

268 

129 
22 

722 

2 

148 

41 

18 

8 

427 

10 

82 

86 

8 

177 

117 

6,135 

190 

649 

3 

1,351 

687 

5 

260 

701 

94 

558 
921 
187 

988 

5,374 

101 

893 

3 

34 

2.305 

15 

2 

8,116 

475 
1,136 

542 

7,226 

25,300 

2,309 

99 

6,197 

2 

2,466 
14 

3 

5 

35 

2,296 

78 

35 

67 

4.429 

181 

4 

4,547 

2 

792 

14 

1 

2,676 

5 

6 

3,650 

135 

9,812 

31 

4,236 

425 

259 

32,176 

17,238 

3,162 

365 

3,710 

8,711 

4,282 

2,520 

774 

78 

34,692 

14,899 

1,655 

1,797 

489 
1,275 

518 
27,733 

377 

676 
2,792 

2,160 
1,646 

2,055 
1.591 

788 
1,781 

27,016 

24,931 

675 

615 

7,462 
3,310 
3,780 
1,629 

34,873 
8,816 
2,398 
4,079 

Atlantic  ports:  New  York,  N.  Y. . 

Boston,  Mass 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Baltimore,  Md 

Canadian  Atlantic  ports 

Portland,  Me 

New  Bedford,  Mass 

Providence,  R.  I 

Newport  News,  Va 

-  Norfolk,  Va 

Savannah,  Ga 

Miami,  Fla 

Key  West,  Fla 

Other  Atlantic 

Ports,  Gulf  of  Mex.:  Tampa,  Fla. . 

Pensacola,  Fla 

Mobile,  Ala 

New  Orleans,  La 

Galveston,  Tex 

Other  Gulf 

Pacific  ports:  San  J'ranclsco,  Cal 

Portland,  Ore 

Seattle.  Wash 

Canadian  Pacific  ports 

Alaska 

Border  stations:  Canadian  border 

Mexican  border 

Ins'r  posgess's:  Honolulu,  Hawaii 

Porto  Rico 


Total. 


110.618 


101.235 


72.867 


94.585 


98.683 


276.837 


The  iSingle  Tax. 


161 


IMMIGRATION   1820-60  BY   COUNTRIES. 

The  United  States  Census  Bureau  estimated  iU  1860  that  3,250,000  natives  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  had  settled  in  the  United  Stales  since  1814,  of  whom  55,000  came  between  1815  and  1819.  Prom 
1776  to  1820  the  total  Immigration  is  now  estimated  at  250,000.  Thousands,  In  f()rraer  days,  entered  the 
United  Stales  by  way  of  Canada,  and  .so  were  not  included  in  the  custom-house  returns.  The  oflSclal 
returns  in  1860  were  as  follows: 


BiKTH  Place  op 

IMMIGRANT. 

1820  to 
1830. 

1831   to 
1840. 

1841  to 

1850. 

1851  to 

1860. 

Birth  Place  of 
immigrant. 

1820  to 
1830. 

1831   to 
1840. 

1841  to 
1850, 

1851  to 
1860. 

Kngland .  • , 

15,837 

27,106 

3.180 

170 

35,534 

7,611 

29,188 

2,667 

185 

243,540 

32,092 

162,332 

3,712 

1,261 

848,366 

247,125 

748.740 

38,331 

6,319 

297,578 

Mexico 

4,818 
3,998 

0 

9 

6,599 

12,301 

8 

39 

3,271 

13,528 

35 

36 

7 

4 

5 

3,078 

Ireland 

West  Indies 

10.660 

Scotland 

41,397 
43 

Wales 

Great  Brit..  Ireland . . 

Persia 

15 

AniQ 

3 

1 

1 

8 

4 
4 

19 
5 

Tot.  Unit.  Kingdom 

81,827 

8,868 

2,616 

180 

28 

146 

7,583 

1.127 

189 

94 

21 

89 

21 

3,257 

389 

20 

17 

32 

2 

1 

283,191 

45,575 

2.125 

829 

22 

4,250 

148,204 

1,412 

1,063 

1,201 

369 

277 

7 

4,821 

2,211 

49 

35 

7 

5 

35 

1,047.763 

77,262 

2,209 

550 

6,074 

12,149 

422,477 

8,251 

539 

13,903 

105 

S51 

59 

4,644 

1,590 

16 

79 

201 

2 

78 

1,338.093 

76,358 

9,208 

1,055 

4,738 

43,887 

907,780 

10,789 

3.749 

20,931 

1,164 

457. 

83 

25,011 

7,012 

31 

429 

1.790 

5 

10 

473 

59,309 

1,224 

449 

Liberia 

EevDt . 

France 

Morocco 

1 
2 

Spain 

Algiers 

Portugal 

Barbary  States 

Cape  of  Good'Hope . . 
Africa 

4 

2 

10 

13 

271 
70 
4 

1 

Prussia 

36 
29 

6 
52 
15 

6 

47 

327 

1 

3 

3 

28 
1 

3 

1 

186 

Germany 

Azores 

2.873 

Holland 

Canary  Islands 

Madeira  Islands 

Cape  Verde  Islands.. 
Sandwich  Islands.... 
Society  Islands. >.. . . 

S 

Denmark 

189 

Norway  and  Sweden . 
Poland 

7 
44 

Russia 

6 

Turltey 

2 

3 
1 

2 

104 

Switzerland 

13 

Italy 

Isle  of  France 

Greece 

South  Sea  Islands.  . . 
New  Zealand 

79 

Sicily 

4 

Sardinia  

Not  stated 

32,892 

09,799 

52,725 

25.438 

Total  Aliens 

United  States 

Total 

Malta 

151,824 
24,649 

599,125 
40.961 

1.713.251 
54,924 

2,598,214 

Icel.and 

Europe 

2 

2,486 

542 

107 

■  ■l3;624 

856 
44 

51 

41,723 

3,579 

368 

276.473 

British  America 

South  America 

176,473 

640,086 

1,768,175 

2,874,087 

Central  America 

THE    SINGLE    TAX. 

The  /oUowlng  is  from  a  statement  of  the  single  tax  principle,  by  Henry  George. 

We  assert  as  our  fundamental  principle  the  self-evident  truth  enunciated  In  the  Declaration  of 
American  Independence,  that  all  men  are  created  equal  and  are  endowed  by  their  Creator  with  certain 
Inalienable  rights.  We  hold  that  all  men  are  equally  entitled  to  the  use  and  enjoyment  of  what  God 
has  created  and  of  what  is  gained  by  the  general  growth  and  improvement  of  the  community  of  which 
they  are  a  part.  Therefore,  no  one  should  be  permitted  to  hold  natural  opportunities  without  a  fair 
return  to  all  for  any  special  privilege  thus  accorded  to  him,  and  that  value  which  the  growth  and 
improvement  of  the  community  attaches  to  land  should  be  taken  for  the  use  of  the  community;  that 
each  is  entitled  to  all  that  his  labor  produces;  therefore,  no  tax  should  be  levied  on  the  products  of  labor. 

To  carry  out  these  principles,  we  are  in  favor  of  raising  all  public  revenues  for  national.  State. 
county,  and  municipal  purposes  by  a  single  tax  upon  land  values.  Irrespective  of  Improvements. 

In  assessments  under  the  single  tax  all  values  created  by  Individual  use  or  Improvement  would 
be  excluded,  and  the  only  value  taken  Into  consideration  would  be  the  value  attaching  to  the  bare 
land  by  reason  of  neighborhood,  etc.,  to  be  determined  by  Impartial  periodical  assessments.  Thus 
the  farmer  would  have  no  more  taxes  to  pay  than  the  speculator  who  held  a  similar  piece  of  land  Idle, 
and  the  man  who  on  a  city  lot  erected  a  valuable  building  would  be  taxed  no  more  than  the  man 
who  held  a  similar  lot  vacant.  The  single  tax  In  short  would  call  upon  men  to  contribute  to  the 
public  I'evenues  not  In  proportion  to  what  they  produce  or  accumulate,  but  In  proportion  to  the 
value  of  the  natural  oppertunltles  they  hold.  It  would  compel  them  to  pay  just  as  much  for  holding 
land  Idle  as  for  putting  It  to  Its  fullest  use.    The  single  tax,  therefore,  would — 

1st.  Take  the  weight  of  taxation  oft  the  agricultural  districts,  where  land  has  little  or  no  value. 
Irrespective  of  Improvements,  and  put  It  on  towns  and  cities,  where  bare  land  rises  to  a  value  of 
millions  of  dollars  per  acre. 

2d.  Dispense  with  a  multiplicity  of  taxes  and  a  horde  of  tax-gatherers,  simplify  government, 
and  greatly  reduce  lt«  cost. 

3d.  Do  away  with  the  fraud,  corruption,  and  gross  Inequality  Inseparable  from  our  present 
methods  of  taxation,  which  allow  the  rich  to  escape  while  they  grind  the  poor.  Land  cannot  be  hid 
or  carried  off,  and  its  value  can  be  ascertained  with  greater  ease  and  certainty  than  any  other. 

4th.  Give  us  with  all  the  world  as  perfect  freedom  of  trade  as  now  exists  between  the  States  of 
the  Union,  thus  enabling  our  people  to  share  through  free  exchanges  In  all  the  advantages  which 
nature  has  given  to  other  countries,  or  which  the  peculiar  skill  of  other  peoples  has  enabled  them  to 
attain.  It  would  destroy  the  trusts,  monopolies,  and  corruptions  which  are  the  outgrowths  of  the 
tariff.  It  would  do  away  with  the  fines  and  penalties  now  levied  on  any  one  who  Improves  a  farm, 
erects  a  house,  builds  a  machine,  or  In  any  way  adds  to  the  general  stock  of  wealth.  It  would  leave 
every  one  free  to  apply  labor  or  expend  capital  In  production  or  exchange  without  fine  or  restriction. 

5tb.  It  would,  on  the  other  hand,  by  taking  for  public  use  that  value  which  attaches  to  land  by 
reason  of  the  growth  and  Improvement  of  the  community,  make  the  holding  of  land  unprofitable  to 
the  mere  owner  and  profitable  only  to  the  user.  It  would  thus  make  It  Impossible  for  speculators  and 
monopolists  to  hold  natural  opportunities  unused  or  only  \xa.\t  used,  and  would  throw  open  to  labor 
the  Illimitable  field  of  employment  which  the  earth  oners  to  man.  It  would  thus  solve  the  labor 
problem,  do  away  with  Involuntary  poverty,  raise  wages  In  all  occupations  to  the  full  earnings  of 
labor,  make  overproduction  Impossible  until  all  human  wants  are  satisfied,  render  labor-saving  In- 
ventions a  blessing  to  all.  and  cause  such  an  enormous  production  and  such  an  equitable  distribution 
of  wealth  as  would  give  to  all  comfort,  leisure,  and  participation  In  the  advantages  of  an  advancing 
civilization.  In  securing  to  each  Individual  equal  right  to  the  use  of  the  earth.  It  Is  also  a  proper 
function  of  society  to  maintain  and  control  all  public  ways  for  the  transportation  of  persons  and 
property,  and  the  transmission  of  Intelligence;  and  also  to  maintain  and  control  all  public  ways  In 
cities  for  furnishing  water,  gas,  a,nd  all  other  things  that  necessarily  require  use  ol   common  ways. 


102 


Election  Keturns  by  States. 


ALABAMA. 


PRESIDENT, 

U.  S 

Sen- 

1916. 

ATOR,  1914. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Ben- 

Han- 

Under 

(67.) 

son, 

ghes. 

son. 

ly. 

wood. 

Birch, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Proh. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Autauga. . . . 

773 

99 

11 

5 

525 

15 

Baldwin 

767 

216 

148 

10 

m 

27 

Barbour .  . . . 

1,235 

45 

13 

12 

707 

10 

Bibb 

1,247 

217 

106 

17 

742 

IS 

Blount 

1,488 

1,229 

26 

6 

1.159 

1.062 

Bullock 

743 

4 

2 

472 

Butler 

1,162 

78 

6 

3 

694 

9 

Calhoun 

2,232 

442 

29 

25 

1,000 

35 

Chambers. . . 

1,683 

168 

7 

14 

1.679 

10 

Cherokee.  .  . 

1,136 

508 

27 

0 

«03 

361 

Chilton 

884 

1,363 

40 

14 

823 

108 

Choctaw. .  .  . 

765 

21 

12 

2 

473 

Clarke 

1,397 

25 

12 

763 

5 

Clay 

1,198 

677 

1 

O 

1,100 

135 

Cleburne — 

762 

576 

5 

9 

626 

341 

Coffee 

2,029 

426 

17 

4 

821 

56 

Colbert 

1,132 

352 

44 

1 

687 

87 

Conecuh 

1,032 

42 

17 

2 

503 

8 

Coosa 

872 

485 

34 

3 

800 

139 

Covington... 

U747 

305 

107 

24 

1,041 

40 

Crenshaw.  . . 

1,429 

139 

5 

7 

797 

9 

Cullman 

1,396 

1,351 

9 

7 

1,373 

961 

Dale 

1,260 

597 

4 

9 

1,535 

283 

Dallas 

1,575 

23 

7 

4 

860 

•} 

De  Kalb. . . . 

1,787 

1,190 

33 

14 

1,352 

966 

1,631 
985 

1  053 

26 

Escambia.  .  . 

108 

3 

581 

14 

Etowah 

1,887 

862 

73 

7 

1,755 

655 

Fayette 

1,031 

697 

18 

15 

852 

497 

Franklin.  . . . 

1,044 

984 

39 

7 

831 

846 

Geneva 

1,265 

713 

23 

12 

696 

116 

383 
795 

9 
15 

296 
505 

1 

Hale 

1 

2 

Henry 

865 

143 

27 

5 

506 

15 

Houston .... 

1,678 

466 

46 

14 

1,736 

47 

Jackson 

1,909 

567 

32 

16 

925 

JeHerson. . . . 

10,679 

2,052 

296 

95 

4,873 

255 

Lamar 

1,299 

303 

i 

29 

741 

120 

Lauderdale. . 

1,678 

369 

4i 

13 

862 

130 

Lawrence. . . 

995 

43 

4 

416 

520 

138 

Lee 

1,369 

42 

30 

5 

657 

5 

Limestone..  . 

1,45(1 

92 

19 

13 

513 

7 

Lowndes. . .  . 

540 

.  9 

1 

1 

421 

1 

Macon 

575 

>3 

2 

1 

697 

2 

Madison. . . . 

2,206 

215 

45 

8 

1.234 

28 

Marengo. . .  . 

1,191 

19 

1 

1 

901 

Marion 

1,328 

807 

1 

8 

857 

456 

Marshall 

1,944 

1,183 

33 

10 

1,340 

1,066 

Mobile 

3,026 

832 

75 

21 

1,608 

9 

Monroe 

1,029 

17 

2 

1 

628 

2 

Montgomery 

3,316 

106 

19 

11 

1,576 

6 

Morgan 

2,120 

364 

44 

38 

1,225 

117 

Perry 

897 

20 

12 

1 

508 

Pickeus 

1.179 

218 

18 

4 

639 

8 

Pike 

1,791 

50 

11 

6 

1,088 

8 

Randolph.  .  . 

1,328 

652 

4 

5 

697 

220 

Ras-iell 

.752 

3 

4 

553 

1 

Shelby 

1.311 

1.428 

8 

9 

1,202 

222 

St.  Clair 

990 

851 

53 

8 

784 

389 

Sumter 

770 

i 

6 



440 

1 

Talladega.  .  . 

1,541 

447 

4 

6 

925 

71 

Tallapoosa .  . 

1,892 

129 

33 

3 

1,142 

22 

Tuscaloosa.  . 

2,437 

218 

41 

12 

1,075 

41 

Walker 

2,314 

1,860 

107 

20 

2,721 

1,150 

Washington . 

500 

32 

2 

4 

316 

2 

Wilcox 

866 
726 

99,546 

1 
1.107 

603 
530 

■  ■  '909 

Winston .... 

6 
,   1,916 

7 
1,034 

Total 

28.662 

63,389 

12,320 

ARIZONA. 


ALASKA. 

Governor.  Thomas  Rlggs.Jr-iSecretary  of  Territory. 
Charles  E;  Davidson;  Treasurer.  Walstein  G.  Smith. 

Legislature  consists  of  24  members — 8  in  Senate  and 
16  in  the  House.  . 

Alaatea  Is  divided,  into  foUr  judicial  divisions,  with 
a  District  Judge  for  each,  to  wit:  First  Division. 
Juneau.  Robert  W,  Jennings;  Second  Division. 
Nome,  William  A.  HtoJzheimer;.  Third  Division, 
Valdea,  Frederick  M.  Brown;  Fourth  Division. 
FairbaokB.  Charles  E.  Bunnell.  The  term  of  each 
Judge  is  lour  years 


President, 
1916. 

U.  S.  Sena- 
tor, 1916. 

GOVERNOB. 

1918. 

Counties. 

_   (14.) 

Wil- 
son. 
Dem. 

ghes, 
R«p. 

311 

3,203 
802 

1.495 
497 
672 

5.747 
643 
574 

2.616 
855 
666 

1,716 
727 

Ash- 
hurst, 
Dem. 

Klb- 
bey. 
Rep. 

Colt- 
er, 
Dem. 

Camp 
bell. 
Rep. 

Apache 

Cochise 

Coconino.  .  . 

Gila 

Graham .... 
Greenlee.  .  .  . 
Maricopa .  .  . 
Mohave .... 

Navajo 

Pima 

Pinal 

Santa  Cruz. . 
Yavapai .... 
Yuma 

648 
6,115 
1,171 
3,686 
1,.597 
1,492 
7,634 
1,335 
1,240 
2.079 
1,232 

726 
2.893 
1,322 

477 
5.542 

962 
3,187 
1,478 
1,408 
6,293 
1,360 
1,059 
2,10S 
1,189 

738 
2,699 
1,313 

234 

3.472 
662 

1,533 
609 
601 

7,113 
540 
645 

2,099 
851 
575 

1,689 
638 

528 
4,898 

867 
2,876 
1,252 
1,159 
4,977 

899 

812 
1,843 
1,079 

683 
2,590 
1,126 

409 
4,110 

935 
2.117 

822 
786 

7,779 
527 
780 

2,465 

1.169 
609 

2.615 
804 

Total 

33,170 

20,524 

29,873 

21,26lj 

25.588 

25,927 

ARKANSAS. 


Counties. 
(75.) 


Arkansas.. . . 

Ashley 

Baxter 

Benton 

Boone 

Bradley 

Calhoun  .  . .  . 

Carroll 

Chicot 

Clark 

Clay 

Cleburne — 
Cleveland. .  . 
Columbia . .  . 
Conway .  .  .  . 
Craighead..  . 
Crawford  .  .  . 
Crittenden.  . 

Cross 

Dallas 

Desha 

Drew 

Faulkner. . .  . 
Franklin.  . .  . 

Fulton 

Garland  .... 

Grant 

Greene 

Hempstead. . 
Hot  Spring  . 

Howard 

Independ'ce. 

Izard 

Jackson 

Jefferson. .  .  . 
Johnson .... 
Lafayette . .  . 
Lawrence .  .  . 

Lee 

Lincoln 

Little  River. 

Logan 

Lonoke 

Madison.  . . . 

Marion 

Miller 

Mississippi.  . 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Nevada 

Newton 

Ouachita. . . . 

Perry 

Phillips 

Pike 

Poinsett .  .  . . 

Polk 

Pope 

Prairie 

Pulaski 


Pres 

,    1916. 

U.S.Sen.1916 

Gov. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Kir- 

Rera- 

son, 

ghes. 

by. 

mel. 

Br'gh 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

1,119 

613 

1.101 

665 

1,313 

1,519 

463 

1,.594 

542 

1,548 

914 

318 

844 

310 

929 

3,105 

1,293 

3,093 

1,453 

3,524 

1,413 

598 

1,431 

611 

1,595 

1,159 

314 

1,182 

322 

1,291 

933 

275 

975 

270 

963 

1,512 

1,034 

1,429 

1,021 

1,585 

570 

474 

524 

394 

594 

1.975 

678 

1,956 

752 

2,102 

1.950 

973 

1,993 

981 

2,192 

865 

271 

991 

332 

973 

1,128 

230 

1,144 

358 

1,146 

2  074 

721 

1,998 

696 

2,160 

1,401 

1,032 

1,380 

1,053 

1,511 

1.957 

543 

2,047 

590 

2,354 

1,622 

1,195 

1,649 

1,339 

1.7.58 

563 

,    91 

528 

93 

570 

927 

252 

832 

307 

980 

1,150 

527 

1,162 

544 

1,259 

960 

369 

1,061 

314 

1.137 

1,627 

838 

1,615 

822 

1.731 

3,031 

817 

2,116 

922 

2,030 

1,679 

582 

1,781 

701 

1.747 

1,096 

392 

1,064 

412 

1.054 

1,678 

1,057 

1,952 

982 

2.226 

957 

190 

994 

198 

1,078 

2,292 

533 

2,216 

608 

2,396 

2,103 

1,238 

1,95S 

1,320 

2,163 

1,429 

645 

1,651 

718 

1,674 

1,317 

545 

1,451 

528 

1,470 

1,987 

762 

1,909 

861 

2,080 

1,267 

285 

1,033 

309 

1,2,50 

1,351 

476 

1,303 

546 

1.3,55 

2,173 

923 

2,161 

969 

■  2,448 

1,479 

571 

1,560 

694 

1,699 

891 

365 

.     844 

403 

1,002 

1,706 

298 

1,678 

336 

1,751 

848 

353 

806 

335 

886 

889 

477 

856 

407 

1,013 

842 

364 

796 

332 

911 

2,018 

1,183 

2,344 

1,389 

2,402 

2,180 

515 

2,060 

561 

2,995 

1.456 

1,332 

1.484 

1,426 

1,475 

781 

274 

874 

304 

874 

1,418 

402 

1,309 

367 

1,460 

1,249 

417 

1.130 

349 

1.372 

741 

508 

641 

485 

812 

939 

432 

913 

458 

933 

1,376 

657 

1,248 

641 

1.417 

559 

675 

597 

843 

556 

1,405 

970 

1,320 

1,080 

1,473 

975 

439 

849 

388 

1,072 

1,466 

552 

1,375 

423 

1.546 

1,178 

605 

1,219 

633 

1,204 

1,174 

511 

1,033 

425 

1,276 

1.242 

448 

1,074 

457 

1,217 

2.148 

783 

2,067 

821 

2,320 

1.061 

655 

1,091 

671 

1,128 

6,008 

2,593 

5,687 

2,381 

6.853 

Town 
send. 
Rep. 

618 
436 
335 

1,374 
677 
315 
273 

1.0G2 
341 
693 
949 
303 
285 
688 
944 
490 

1,240 

r  75 
225 
451 
219 
739 


613 
369 
744 

,  164 
535 

1.287 

•577 
452 
717 
349 
441 
811 
602 
355 
276 
339 
331 
370 

1,181 
464 

1.396 
277 
367 
316 
325 
40^ 
621 
67if 
994 
390 
37C 
597 
337 
434 
864 
476 

1.605 


Election  Keturns  by  States. 


163 


ARKANSAS— CofJiinuetf. 


Counties. 


Randolph. , 

Saline 

Scott 

Searcy 

Sebastian . . 

Sevier 

Sharp 

St.  Francis. 

Stone 

Union 

Van  Buren. 
Wasliington 

White 

Woodruff .  . 
Yell 


Pres.,    1916. 


Wll- 


Hu 


son. 

Bhes, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

1,553 

458 

1,567 

231 

1,369 

514 

629 

919 

3,719 

1,366 

1,265 

244 

972 

251 

960 

395 

682 

298 

1,691 

273 

1,272 

743 

2,922 

1,625 

2,823 

673 

935 

438 

2,099 

781 

U.S.SBN.1916 


Klr- 

by. 

Dem. 


1,473 
1,376 
1.290 

622 
2,971 
1,213 
1,078 
1.012 

553 
1,927 
1.228 
2,858 
2,591 

946 
2,179 


Rem- 
mel, 
Rep. 


446 
226 
519 
947 

1.195 
263 
293 
391 
281 
301 
802 

1,628 
745 
504 
927 


Gov.,  1916 . 


Br'gh 
Dem. 


1,742 

1.745 
1.422 

693 
3,898 
1,291 
1,047 
1.023 

680 
1,978 
1,263 
3,254 
2,876 
1,015 
2,281 


Town 
send, 
Rep. 


416 

200 

483 

1.038 

1,328 

207 

252 

336 

319 

245 

750 

1,508 

677 

421 

811 


TnMil 112.282    47,135  110,293    48,922  122,041    43,963 

CALIFORNIA. 


COU-NTIES. 
(58.) 


Alameda. . 
Alpine. .  . . 
Amador.  . 
Butte.  .  .  . 
Calaveras. 

Colusa 

Contra  Costa 
Del  Norte. 
El  Dorado 
F'resno. . . . 
Glenn .... 
Huniboldt. 
Imperial. . 

Inyo 

Kern 

Kin&s .... 
Lake ..... 

Lassen 

Los  Angeles 
Madera. . . 
Marin. . . . 
Mariposa. 
Mendocino 
Merced. . . 

Modoc 

Mono,  .  .  . 
Monterey. 

Napa 

Nevada. . . 
Orange.  , . 
Placer. . . . 
Plumas. . . 
Riverside . 
Sacramento 
San  Benito. 
S.Bernardino 
San  Diego.. 
S.  Francisco 
San  Joaquin 
S.  LuisOb'po 
San  Mateo 
S'ta  Barbara 
Santa  Clara 
Santa  Cruz. 
Sliasta. . . . 
Sierra .... 
Sisltiyou. . 
Solano. . , . 
Sonoma. . . 
Stanislaus. 

Sutter 

Tehama . . 
Trinity . . . 

Tulare 

Tuolumne. 
Ventura.  . 

Yolo 

Yuba 


President.  1916. 


Wil- 
son. 
Dem. 


4'J.748 
23 
1.766 
4,888 
1.524 
1.998 
6.092 
471 
1.755 

14,241 
1,797 
4.103 
3.273 
966 
9.566 
2.905 
1,164 
1.323 
114.070 
1.880 
3 

802 
3,371 
2,637 

'  1,222 
158 
3,878 
3,088 
2,548 
6,474 
3,375 
1,0?5 
4,561 

14,538 
1,688 
9,398 

16.815 

78.225 

11.454 
3,539 
4,485 
5,198 

14,185 
4,.511 
2,828 
594 
3,447 
5,678 
8,377 
5,490 
1.643 
2,534 
€61 
7,299 
1,584 
2,835 
2,922 
1,980 


Hu- 

Bhes, 
Rep. 


51.417 

60 

1,209 

3,956 

1,175 

1,011 

5,731 

499 

1,068 

11,707 

1.342 

5,786 

2,694 

846 

5,611 

2.221 

791 

877 

135.554 

1.323 

4.328 

451 

3.494 

?,132 

768 

137 

3,599 

3,914 

1,586 

10,609 

1.954 

663 

7,152 

10,696 

1,440 

11,9.32 

16,978 

63,093 

7,861 

2,854 

5,207 

4,453 

16.592 

4.228 

2,008 

360 

2,059 

3,536 

9,733 

4,401 

1,211 

1.739 

124 

6.845 

1,057 

3,980 

2,334 

1,530 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 


5  139 


136 
445 
136 
129 
912 
141 
186 

1,675 
109 

1,070 
368 
153 
567 
259 
182 
146 

8,097 

187 

425 

93 

456 

293 

84 

27 

371 

308 

286 

618 

32: 

106 

785 

853 

94 

809 

1,627 

6,358 
801 
565 
554 
479 

1,023 
386 
452 
56 
432 
330 
937 
743 
81 
345 
104 
913 
242 
266 
170 
102 


Han- 
ly. 

Proh. 


1.544 


38 
3S9 

38 

45 
302 

25 

33 
912 

9 

361 
3''9 

52 
251 
220 

96 

30 
10.061 

89 
106 

29 
150 
182 

2!) 

5 

191 

135 

90 

1.020 

1(8 

21 
836 
646 

40 

1,410 

1,132 

1,404 

5.57 

159 

179 

347 

887 

324 

113 

9 

109 

192 

293 

1,067 

49 
181 

17 
533 

44 
138 

78 

31 


U.S.Sen.1916 


Pat- 
ton, 
Dem 


22.207 
15 
1.129 
3.029 
1.008 
1.523 
3.863 

301 
1.303 
8.119 
1,138 
2,426 
2.045 

521 
6.915 
2,048 

613 

759 

81,149 

1,111 

1,757 

.501 
2,254 
1,195 

828 
87 
2,448 
2,104 
1,320 
4,898 
1,875 

561 
3.218 
8.177 
1.197 
6  213 
8,813 
31,986 
7.082 
2.045 
1.721 
.3,182 
7,828 
2,763 
1,813 

351 
2,076 
2,328 
5,131 
2,863 
1,185 
1,6.58 

411 
4,934 

969 
!',623 
2,383 
1,157 


John- 
son, 
Rep.* 


65,963 
56 
1,536 
4,872 
1,506 
1.238 
8,464 
542 
1,316 

15,441 
1,657 
7,068 
3,162 
922 
7.149 
2,279 
1,049 
1,109 

142,280 

1,757 

6,963 

591 

3,995 

2,635 

745 

147 

4,237 

4,051 

2,589 

9,676 

3,148 

924 

7,593 

16,368 
1,417 

12,103 

20,767 
101,574 

10,437 
3,659 
7,666 
4,796 

20,802 
4.827 
2.491 
482 
2.806 
6.807 

11.193 
6.293 
1.276 
2,152 
537 
7.754 
1,359 
3,360 
2,534 
2,188 


Total .466.289  462,516    43,263    27.713  277.852  574.667 

•  And  Progressive. 


COLORADO. 


Counties. 
(63.) 


Adams 

Alamosa. . .  . 
Arapahoe .  . . 
Archuleta. . . 

Baca 

Bent 

Boulder 

Chaffee 

Cheyenne.  .  . 
Clear  Creeli 

Conejos 

Costilla 

Crowley ... 

Custer 

Delta 

Denver. ... 
Dolores. ... 
Douglas.  .  . 

Eagle 

Elbert 

El  Paso 

Fremont.  . . 

Garfield 

Gilpin 

Grand 

Gunnison . . 
Hinsdale. . . 
Huerfano.  . 

Jackson 

Jefferson..  . 

Kiowa 

Kit  Carson. 

Lake 

La  Plata. .  . . 
Larimer.  .  . 
Las  Animas . 

Lincoln 

Logan 

Mesa 

Mineral. ... 
Moffat .... 
Montezuma 
Montrose . .  . 

Morgan 

Otero 

Ouray 

Park 

Phillips 

Pitkin 

Prowers.  .  .  . 

Pueblo 

Rio  Blanco.. 
Rio  Grande. 

Routt 

Saguache. . . 
San  Juan .  .  . 
San  Miguel.. 
Sedgwick .  .  . 

Summit 

Teller 

Washington . 

Weld 

Yuma 


Pkbsidbnt, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


Total. 


2,120 

1,308 

2,652 

830 

1.294 

1.473 

7.419 

2.546 

802 

1.289 

1.721 

1,028 

1,160 

539 

2,817 

43,029 

251 

820 

1.136 

1.230 

8.381 

3.395 

2.479 

763 

624 

1,618 

178 

2.C32 

331 

3.368 

936 

1.571 

2,672 

2,.5«0 

4.86S 

5,300 

1,702 

2,679 

4,394 

278 

740 

1.458 

2.571 

2.371 

3.963 

961 

674 

795 

915 

2,168 

10,710 

702 

1.756 

1.972 

1.354 

692 

1,325 

519 

717 

3,515 

1,748 

8.600 

2,466 


.  178,816  102,308 


Hu, 
ghfes, 
Re|). 

1.165 

488 

1.444 

473 

826 

833 

3.936 

861 

658 

474 

928 

579 

847 

403 

1.612 

23.185 

46 

612 

397 

951 

7.159 

2,257 

1,139 

407 

378 

736 

94 

2,027 

15' 

2,040 

723 

1,030 

993 

1,029 

2.797 

3,511 

1.129 

1.422 

2,223 

135 

512 

425 

1,315 

1,.541 

2,678 

399 

372 

532 

263 

l.t 

6.545 

468 

886 

849 

681 

214 

578 

529 

268 

1.693 

989 

3,395 

1,436 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 


125 

64 

129 

11 

208 

65 

482 

78 

82 

32 

6 

25 

61 

35 

282 

1,826 

30 

13 

36 

90 

552 

24: 

161 

15 

•     11 

115 

29 

25 

S 

139 

141 

147 

38 

158 

417 

152 

119 

111 

544 

.8 

31 

76 

252 

111 

167 

56 

28 

56 

100 

244 

731 

12 

47 

111 

'    46 

74 

71 

67 

28 

231 

129 

324 

221 


Governor. 
1916. 


Ciun- 

ter. 

Dem. 


1.861 

1.076 

2.396 

589 

934 

1.219 

6.356 

2,027 

633 

1.124 

913 

908 

1.002 

482 

2.( 

40.739 

195 

689 

936 

1.120 

7.126 

2.656 

1.983 

542 

625 

1,364 

161 

2,344 

297 

2,942 

719 

1,071 

2,374 

2,249 

4,002 

4,564 

1,420 

2,116 

3,314 

270 

617 

1,164 

1,932 

1,839 

3.240 

781 

602 

496 

733 

1.644 

8,987 

585 

1,388 

1,613 

970 

647 

1.116 

382 

641 

2.996 

1.142 

7.168 

1,732 


10.019  151,962  117,723 


Carl- 
son, 
Rep, 


1.203 

626 

1.659 

472 

953 

1.020 

4.902 

1,163 

628 

565 

1.098 

588 

1,001 

377 

2,H3 

24,427 

69 

616 

503 

1,008 

7,884 

2,661 

1,451 

149 

374 

842 

101 

2,196 

185 

2.254 

858 

1.320 

1.207 

1,2)2 

3,353 

3,232 

1.365 

1.860 

3,106 

146 

601 

593 

1.903 

1.836 

3.130 

519 

377 

770 

371 

2.135 

7,097 

511 

1.072 

1,027 

826 

291 

724 

600 

270 

2,139 

1,206 

6,740 

1,902 


God- 
dard. 
Soc. 


139 

77 
183 

33 
251 

49 
61S 
100 

97 

11 
31 
63 
41 

335 

3.379 

37 

2S 

59 

106 

724 

277 

201 

29 

25 

145 

43 

33 

8 

1173 

125 

173 

201 

189 

193 

175 

122 

181 

fi59 

43 

35 

90 

287 

161 

163 

78 

40 

91 

110 

235 

910 

16 

49 

134 

65 

84 

70 

79 

47 

285 

140 

385 

249 

12.495 


CONNECTICUT. 


President, 

U.  S.  Sena- 

GOVERNOR, 

1916. 

tor,  1916. 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wil-   Hu 

Cum- 

Mc 

Spel- 

Hol- 

(8.) 

son. 

ghes. 

mmgs 

Lean, 

lacy. 

comb. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

23.265 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Hartford 

24.398 

23,672 

23.807 

19,183 

18.910 

New  Haven . 

30.416 

30,175 

30,074 

30,306 

24,250 

24,209 

New  London 

8,322 

8,283 

8,090 

8,446 

6,416 

6,642 

Fairfield 

20,873 

25,962 

21,481 

25,257 

15,484 

18,996 

Windham. . . 

3,797 

4,259 

3,690 

46,21 

2,883 

3,692 

Litchfield .  .  . 

6,183 

7,288 

6.005 

7,451 

4,305 

6.356 

Middlesex..  . 

3,765 

4,624 

3,663 

4,308 

2,629 

¥,^ 

Tolland 

2,032 

2,758 

1,974 

2,824 

1.623 

2.251 

Total 

99,786 

106,514 

98,649 

107.020 

76,773 

64.891 

lb'4 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


DELAWARE. 


President, 
1916. 

.U.  S.  Sena- 
tor, 1918. 

JGOVEHNOR, 
1916. 

Counties. 
(3.) 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 

ghes. 
Rep, 

Sauls- 
bury, 
Dem 

Heis'r 
Ball, 
Rep 

Hu 
ghes, 
Dem 

Town 
send. 
Rep. 

Kent 

New  Castle 
Sussex 

U.694 
4,210 
5,M9 

16,166 
3,813 
6,032 

3,754 

12,058 

4,301 

3,500 

11,449 

5,570 

14,496 
4,170 
5,387 

16,547 
3,839 
6.262 

Total 

24,753 

26,011 

20,113 

21,519 

24,053 

26,648 

DiSTRICT    OF    COLUMBIA. 

The  Government  of  the  District  of  Columbia 
is  a  ninnicipalit.v  whose  principal  a<lmiuistrative 
acency  13  a  boartl  of  three  Comniissioneis.  two  6f 
•  whom  i>.ie  appointed  from  civil  lif«  by  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  and  must  be  citizens 
of  the  District  of  Columbia  and  have  resided 
there  for  three  years  immediately  precedinc  their 
SDPointment  ,n.s  such,  and  during  that  period  have 
claimed  residence  nowheie  else.  Their  aoixiint- 
m-fnts  must  be  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  The 
■fttlier  Commissioner  is  an  officer  of  the  Corps  of 
Kueineers  of  th*  United  State.s  Anav  whose 
lineal  rank  is  senior  to  that  of  Captain,  or  who 
is  a,  Captain  who  has  served  at  least  fifteen 
vears  in  the  Corixs  of  (Engineera  of  the  anny.  He 
is  detailed  for  duty  as  such. 


FLORIDA 

^ 

Pres 

1916. 

U.S. Sen. 1916 

Gov. 1916. 

Counties. 
.  (52.) 

Wil- 
son, 

Hu 

ghes. 

Tram 
men. 

O'N'l, 

Catts, 

Knott 

Dem 

Rep. 
^440 

Dem 

Rep 

Proh 

1,067 

Dem 

Alachua. .  . . 

2,030 

1,883 

2.59 

1,128 

Baker 

439 

52 

373 

39 

439 

92 

Bay 

725 

279 

719 

174 

506 

399 

Bradford 

1,302 

153 

1.368 

93 

1,007 

515 

Brevard .... 

599 

174 

639 

123 

234 

467 

Broward. . . 

382 

158 

427 

127 

444 

153 

Calhoun . . . 

539 

209 

675 

58 

680 

227 

Citrus 

601 

46 

576 

28 

433 

224 

Clay 

380 

79 

426 

41 

329 

158 

Columbia. . . 

861 

226 

789 

147 

.596 

314 

Dade 

1,654 

629 

1,902 

474 

1,418 

854 

De  Soto . .    . 

1,755 

385 

1,860 

218 

1,644 

598 

Duval.  . . . 

5,456 

1,339 

5,530 

526 

2,896 

3.834 

Escambia. 

2,183 

416 

2,239 

255 

1,251 

1,359 

Franklin 

312 

81 

330 

59 

233 

180 

Gadsden.  .  . . 

875 

57 

932 

24 

482 

530 

Hamilton. 

675 

113 

610 

60 

509 

274 

Hernando..  . 

446 

38 

429 

38 

i>jO 

182 

Hillsborough 

4,627 

691 

4,916 

463 

3,633 

3.079 

Holmes. . .    . 

763 

427 

1.009 

167 

1,099 

323 

Jackson 

1,975 

410 

2.125 

158 

1,307 

1.068 

Jefterson. .    . 

646 

104 

622 

60 

3.57 

314 

La  Fayette. . 

849 

45 

772 

14 

619 

290 

Lake 

886 

330 

963 

204 

612 

494 

Lee 

751 

1C7 

78? 

101 

694 

261 

Leon 

875 

191 

935 

130 

386 

629 

I.«vy 

712 

216 

723 

103 

608 

240 

Liberty 

280 

57 

294 

19 

228 

131 

Madison 

721 

22 

614 

15 

434 

350 

Manatee. . . 

1,033 

289 

l.IOO 

189 

789 

428 

Marion 

1,567 

462 

1.635 

368 

808 

975 

Monroe 

730 

345 

753 

233 

440 

169 

Nassau ...    . 

420 

94 

444 

29 

228 

'  372 

Okaloosa  . . 

603 

303 

7.34 

131 

482 

338 

Orange . . . 

1,261 

415 

1.229 

432 

663 

897 

Osceola. . . . 

5U 

453 

512 

265 

563 

159 

Palm  Beach 

725 

312 

855 

235 

453 

535 

Pasco 

779 

223 

819 

164 

693 

328 

Pinella,s 

1,503 

555 

1,708 

301 

1,009 

728 

Polk 

2,574 

575 

2,670 

315 

1,875 

1.070 

Putnam 

879 

416 

1.028 

294 

575 

590 

St.  John's. .  . 

1,133 

326 

1,083 

306 

658 

800 

St.  Lucie 

703 

134 

703 

66 

307 

416 

Siinta  Rosa.. 

896 

111 

966 

41 

335 

712 

Seminole. . . 

706 

155 

706 

146 

436 

364 

Sumter ..... 

599 

70 

.  ,568 

70 

337 

359 

Suwanee. . . . 

1,209 

56 

1,129 

48 

773 

554 

Taylor 

547 

51 

553 

30 

358 

255 

Volusia 

1,541 

886 

1,799 

355 

1,245 

1.037 

"Wakulla. . ,  . 

387 

121 

364 

105 

331 

94 

Walton 

753 

549 

887 

331 

852 

263 

Washington 

626 

159 

641 

123 

661 

234 

Total 

53,948 

14.594 

58.391 

8,774 

39,546 

39.343 

CEORCIA. 


President. 

GOVEnNOH. 

Counties. 

1916. 

Dem.  Primary.  1916. 

Wil- 

Hu 

(152) 

son, 

plies. 

Prot; 

Dor- 

Hard- 

Har- 

Dem 

Rep 

44 

117 

sey. 

man  . 

ris. 

Appling 

413 

600 

192 

5.53 

Bacon 

287 

46 

515 

23 

202 

BaUcr 

435 

•    • 

94 

228 

57 

235 

Baldwin .  . 

579 

65 

42 

282 

11 

80 

Buiilcs.    .. 

989 

126 

118 

89 

116 

43 

B.Tirow.    . . 

712 

148 

103 

1.226 

530 

162 

Bartow .... 

1,325 

92 

326 

1.411 

317 

912 

Ben  Hin.  .  . 

627 

8 

131 

511 

54 

in 

Berrien 

2.102 

32 

49 

426 

324 

1,779 

Bibb 

2.0.8 

201 

58 

619 

99 

1,893 

Bleckley. . . . 

302 

6 

14 

435 

56 

362 

Broolts.  .  . 

969 

103 

23 

410 

336 

596 

Bryan 

295 

17 

9 

238 

39 

252 

Bulloch 

1,410 

29 

87 

1.169 

298 

992 

Burke 

673 

19 

14 

311 

57 

556 

Biitts 

595 

52 

27 

747 

88 

448 

Calhoun 

265 

9 

2 

174 

44 

417 

Camden .  .    . 

251 

4 

' 

14S 

r; 

288 

Campbell.    . 

508 

77 

66 

78!1 

168 

138 

Candler 

442 

28 

244 

141 

276 

Carroll .  .  . 

LC21 

118 

413 

2,112 

804 

432 

Catoosa . 

62) 

32 

210 

253 

131 

235 

Cliarlton  . . 

169 

11 

116 

143 

52 

Chatham 

3.797 

30S 

616 

1.794 

S3 

2,036 

Chattah'ch'e 

156 

1 

91 

54 

IK 

Chattooga.. . 

1,006 

20 

240 

593 

75 

849 

Cherokee.  .  . 

855 

292 

461 

2.113 

13C 

562 

Clarke 

1.036 

113 

31 

638 

449 

358 

Clay 

225 

9 

10 

274 

13 

189 

Clayton 

517 

75 

764 

71 

161 

Clinch 

371 

8 

8-1 

138 

633 

Cobb 

1,750 

137 

434 

2.630 

286 

683 

Coffee 

2.091 

120 

29 

642 

128 

714 

Colquitt. . . . 

1.305 

53 

171 

927 

160 

833 

Columbia. . . 

.521 

6 

IS 

173 

19 

253 

Coweta 

1,179 

85 

20 

1.359 

199 

274 

Crawford .  . . 

111 

2 

4 

113 

13 

214 

Crisp     .    .    . 

577 

4 

100 

3.33 

105 

347 

Dade 

616 

25 

52 

36 

69 

339 

Dawson .  .  . 

410 

273 

29 

284 

138 

69 

Decatur .... 

1.147 

35 

116 

947 

61 

591 

De  Kalb 

1.690 

12 

197 

1.712 

318 

980 

Dodge. .    . 

788 

64 

35 

681 

65 

831 

Dooly 

737 

31 

449 

123 

585 

Dougherty 

836 

37 

17 

2''2 

21 

3a 

Douglas   .  . 

416 

61 

78 

1.017 

59 

142 

E.irly 

412 

4 

9 

620 

183 

SIS 

Echols 

173 

.... 

156 

9n 

155 

Efnngham..  . 

4,50 

8 

64 

365 

89 

384 

Elbert 

1.756 

183 

1.135 

305 

554 

Emanuel. . .  . 

1..500 

23 

266 

1,128 

88 

823 

Evans 

334 

34 

58 

367 

141 

179 

Fannin 

720 

166 

933 

387 

142 

91 

Fayette 

494 

23 

70 

1.2S5 

155 

81 

Floyd 

2.137 

50 

386 

1.892 

330 

984 

Forsyth 

1.116 

166 

236 

J. 157 

416 

360 

Franklin.  .    . 

1.540 

44 

206 

1.332 

712 

228 

Fulton     .... 

8,915 

1.311 

1,040 

6,7,31 

623 

4.499 

Gilmer.  .  .  . 

742 

258 

560 

614 

397 

10 

Glascock  .  . . 

126 

8 

156 

441 

30 

60 

Glynn. . 

477 

45 

36 

173 

146 

326 

Gordon     . 

1.010 

190 

242 

1,410 

335 

476 

Grady 

673 

39 

84 

900 

288 

602 

Greene.  . 

676 

u3 

lo3 

713 

94 

175 

Gwinnett.    . 

1..528 

222 

270 

2,583 

881 

237 

Habersham 

1,032 

18 

406 

564 

199 

91 

Hall 

1,662 

141 

367 

1.513 

440 

907 

Hancock. .    . 

662 

30 

.      22 

476 

74 

183 

Haralson 

837 

137 

779 

939 

151 

150 

Harris; 

550 

23 

31 

534 

89 

333 

Hart 

760 

22 

237 

1.034 

385 

523 

Heard 

439 

11 

62 

801 

90 

63 

Henry 

868 

78 

89 

1.001 

345 

291 

Houston 

805 

52 

12 

337 

31 

777 

Irwin 

503 

31 

24 

510 

200 

126 

Jackson 

1.185 

71 

102 

1.294 

1.455 

158 

Jasper 

537 

14 

6 

348 

60 

220 

Jeff  Davis. . . 

299 

14 

56 

433 

14 

409 

Jefferson. .    . 

588 

63 

145 

5;i9 

59 

387 

Jenkins.    .    . 

402 

7 

20 

259 

36 

321 

Johuson.  .  .  . 

715 

20 

159 

716 

23 

552 

Jones. . .    . 

398 

27 

6 

143 

63 

222 

Laurens .  .  . 

1.269 

-    64 

143 

973 

70 

1,249 

Miection  Returns  by  States. 


165 


OBORGl\— Continued. 


Counties. 


J^ee 

Liberty 

I  jIlCOlQ 

Jjowiides. . . . 
I.uinpkiu..  .  . 

Macon 

Madisou.  .  .  . 

Marion 

Mo  name.  . . 
Mclntosli.  .  . 
Mcriwetlier. 

Miller 

Milf.on 

MilcUeU 

Monroe 

Mourgomery 

Morgan 

Murray 

Muscogee. . . 

Newton 

Oconee 

Oglethorpe.  . 
Paulding. . . . 

Pickens 

Pierce 

Pike 

Polk 

Pulaski 

Putnam. . .  . 
Quitman. . . . 

Ual)un 

Randolph. . . 
Richmond.. . 
Ro(!kdale . . . 

Schley 

Screven 

Spalding.  . . . 
Stephens...  . 

Stewart 

Sumter 

Talbot 

Taliaferro. . . 
Tattnall .... 

Taylor 

Telfair 

Tem;!! 

Thomas .... 

Tift 

Toombs.  .  .  . 

Towns 

Troup 

Tm'iier 

Twiggs 

Union 

Upson 

Walker 

Walton 

Ware 

Warren 

Washington . 

Wayne 

Web.ster .... 
Wheeler .... 

White 

Whitfield . . . 

Wilcox 

Wilkes 

Wilkinson. . . 
Worth 


PRESIDENT, 
1916. 


Wil- 

Bon, 

Uera 


316 
215 

■m 

1,870 
455 
440 

1,241 
330 
466 
III 

1,118 
464 
462 
921 
721 

1.002 
613 

1,162 

1,833 
913 
497 
657 

eio 

497 
489 
766 
1,172 
383 
462 

r^5 

633 

645 

2,708 

190 

222 

625 

8.35 

600 

471 

1,005 

511 

255 

574 

405 

77-3 

677 

1.298 

1,03« 

425 

358 

1.227 

400 

36,5 

532 

734 

1,883 

1,305 

1,066 

292 

954 

160 

249 

373 

639 

1,093 

590 

785 

371 

690 


Total 127,763 


Hu 
ghes. 
Rep. 


26 

6 

60 

55 

21 

19 

42 

70 

20 

3C 

15 

11 

11 

52 

21 

59 

301 

110 

102 


18 
10 
120 
85 
65 


13 

8 

2 

87 

13 

238 
73 
2 
36 
(1 
15 
23 
38 
17 
7 

49 
57 
25 
10 
1 
42 
33 

481 
28 

145 
20 

523 
IS 

439 
83 

133 
47 
18 
29 
20 
31 
6 
16 
12 
17 
28 
31 


11,294 


Prog 


4 

J03 

56 

88 

171 

97 

181 

96 

65 

4 

96 

7 

92 

96 

65 

66 

■  58 

136 

11 

39 

166 

42 

783 

341 

25 

106 

7l:i 

23 


Governor, 
Dem.  Primary,  1916. 


15 

181 

23 

524 

56 

35 

98 

152 

60 

14 

40 

14 

U 

200 

113 

29 

13 

173 

173 

86 

6 

240 

172 

15 


259 

300 

91 

59 

89 

156 

25 

15 

40 

200 

707 

58 

52 

20 


Dor- 

Hard- 

sey. 

man. 

159 

54 

401 

32 

.•)I8 

65 

,581 

460 

333 

77 

426 

31 

1,187 

705 

366 

60 

340 

4 

31 

17 

1,292 

468 

288 

136 

815 

•    244 

■•iOO 

563 

326 

743 

30 

553 

161 

,589 

■    288 

934 

256 

412 

18 

681 

119 

710 

438 

1,410 

in 

755 

103 

444 

61 

731 

263 

1,320 

201 

2,59 

16 

224 

38 

1,55 

12 

3,50 

271 

449 

111 

922 

4f7 

801 

87 

274 

6 

602 

441 

924 

320 

565 

266 

300 

118 

550 

)92 

302 

65 

334 

37 

1,043 

139 

308 

39 

657 

105 

673 

32 

798 

122 

524 

48 

247 

59 

163 

166 

1,379 

144 

606 

102 

264 

13 

174 

55 

.537 

32 

764 

164 

1,774 

139 

499 

65 

532 

35 

862 

9 

281 

201 

211 

55 

509 

39 

,587 

274 

954 

718 

688 

408 

627 

93 

107 

181 

829 

136 

06,680 

26,693 

Har- 
ris. 

m 

2* 
186 
D93 
270 
343 
196 
.'195 
370 
110 
166 
237 
113 


379 
6«0 
231 
398 

1,310 
386 
173 
217 
140 
101 
691 
402 
410 
366 
200 
20 
89 
386 

1,998 
157 
127 
416 
376 
193 
245 
770 
378 
186 
462 
173 
709 
519 
937 
863 
196 
68 
579 
384 
361 
171 
486 

1,058 
461 
826 
147 

1,183 
541 
145 
249 
409 
366 
173 
529 
308 
712 


70,998 


HAWAII. 


Governor,  Luciua  E.  Pinkham;  Secretary  of  the 
Territory,  C.  P.  laukea:  Attorney-General,  I.  M. 
Stainback:  Auditor,  M.  G.  K.  Hopkins;  Treasurer, 
C.  J.  McCarthy;  Superintendent  of  Public  Works, 
C.  R.  Forbes;  Commissioner  of  Public  Lands,  B.  G. 
Rlvenburgh;  President  of  the  Board  of  Health, 
J.  S.  B.  Pratt;  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction. 
H.  w.  Kinney. 


IDAHO. 


President. 

Governor, 

1916. 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Ben- 

Sam- 

(37.) 

son, 

ghes. 

son. 

uels, 

Davis 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Ada 

5,207 
645 

5,299 
667 

359 
129 

3.143 

379 

6,937 

Adams 

515 

Bannock 

4,084 
1,566 

2,950 
1,229 

303 
31 

1,385 
640 

2,718 

Bear  Lake 

1,394 

Benewah 

1,374 
2,306 

935 
1,885 

337 
145 

•    641 
1,163 

1,078 

Bingham 

1,534 

Blaine 

1,830 

1,239 

173 

694 

708 

Boise 

1,048 

1,231 

113 

242 

418 

Bonner 

2.003 
2,341 

679 
1,745 

409 
86 

1,411 

864 

1,663 

Bonneville 

1.496 

Boundary 

653 

601 

100 

316 

639 

Canyon 

4,478 

3,570 

645 

3,025 

2.860 

Cassia 

1,629 

1,331 

291 

1,378 

1,935 

Clearwater 

678 

839 

242 

533 

693 

Cuater 

879 

154 

64 

308 

631 

Elmore 

1,099 

692 

83 

548 

714 

Franklin 

1,432 

1,089 

30 

344 

1.170 

Fremont 

2,695 
990 

1,654 
750 

194 
146 

950 
750 

1,469 

Gem 

631 

Gooding 

1,089 

1,093 

100 

916 

1.178 

2,265 
1,606 

1,892 
1,002 

370 
115 

1.029 

547 

1,579 

Jefferson 

974 

Kootenai 

2,855 

2,741 

715 

1.660 

2,610 

Latah 

2,811 

2,777 

440 

1,219 

2,844 

1,080 
1,255 
1,084 
1,371 

723 

901 

1,139 

1,132 

80 
118 
96 
21 

684 
559 
871 
560 

604 

718 

1.077 

Madison 

694 

Minidoka 

1,135 

965 

540 

1,325 

1,120 

Nez  Perce 

2,675 

1,753 

249 

1,062 

2,227 

Oneida 

1,326 

1,014 

29 

536 

1.037 

Owyhee 

775 

602 

84 

627 

716 

1,079 
4,239 

1,024 
2,431 

50 
485 

583 
1,380 

723 

Shoshone 

2,918 

Teton 

726 
3,974 

650 
3,083 

27 
593 

255 
3,106 

435 

Twin  Falls 

3.503 

Washington 

1,802 

1,547 

,  109 

1,070 

1.452 

Total 

70,054    55,368 

8,066 

38,499 

57,626 

ILL.rJOIS. 


President. 

Governor, 

1916. 

1916. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Ben- 

Dun 

Low- 

Sted- 

■    (103.) 

son, 

ghes. 

son, 

ne. 

den, 

mann. 

Dem. 

14,268 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Dem. 

7,780 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Adams 

11,858 

389 

7,379 

287 

Alexander. . . 

3,940 

5.395 

116 

2.243 

3.138 

84 

Bond 

2.652 

3,626 

38 

1.342 

2,265 

30 

Boone 

1,211 

5,181 

190 

637 

2,921 

141 

Brown 

2,856 

1,579 

17 

1,625 

1,020 

IS 

Bureau 

5,793 

8,213 

249 

3,481 

5,420 

202 

Calhoun .... 

1,181 

1,168 

29 

920 

905 

18 

Carroll 

1,980 

4,496 

94 

1,104 

3,169 

70 

Cass 

4,485 

3,193 

152 

2,335 

2,188 

105 

Champaign.. 

9,601 

14,633 

254 

6,272 

8,581 

201 

Christian . .  . 

7,982 

6,923 

421 

4,1« 

4,247 

293 

Clark 

6,311 

4,936 

51 

2,826 

2,922 

34 

Clay 

3,574 

3,879 

145 

1,972 

2.283 

112 

Clinton 

4,201 

3,423 

303 

2.879 

2.064 

228 

Coles 

7.772 

8,314 

88 

4,147 

4.814 

75 

Cook 

379,438 

435,695 

32,471 

241,249 

253,051 

30,530 

Crawford .  .  . 

5,570 

5,084 

142 

2,903 

3.017 

71 

Cumberland. 

2,960 

2,879 

41 

1,675 

1.709 

27 

De  Kalb 

3,386 

9,764 

316 

1.868 

5.749 

232 

De  Witt .... 

1,460 

4.380 

99 

2,275 

2,573 

79 

Douglas .... 

3,768 

4,564 

150 

1,974 

2,632 

123 

Du  Page 

4,816 

9,610 

378 

2,740 

5,828 

236 

Edgar 

6,710 

6,099 

136 

3,536 

3.463 

89 

Edwards. .  . . 

1,389 

2,885 

5 

708 

1.739 

9 

EfBngham..  . 

4,529 

3,207 

72 

2,523 

1.955 

47 

Fayette 

5,669 

5,316 

221 

3,038 

3,177 

159 

Ford 

2,054 

4,670 

125 

1,104 

2.719 

75 

Franklin.  . .  . 

6,419 

6,371 

.  704 

3,697 

3,809 

559 

Fulton 

8,686 

9,735 

1.175 

4,845 

5,740 

876 

Gallatin .... 

2,920 

1,985 

85 

1,717 

1.279 

67 

Greene 

6,150 

3,400 

3,174 

2.217 

Grundy 

2,241 

4,811 

101 

1,346 

3,094 

89 

Hamilton .  .  . 

3,644 

3,239 

75 

2.044 

2,023 

46 

Hancock. .  . . 

7,711 

6,472 

166 

3,622 

3,648 

131 

Hardin 

1,264 

1.119 

34 

785 

914 

22 

166 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


ILLINOIS — CoHUnued. 


COUNTIEa. 


Henderson . . 

Henry 

Iroquois .... 

Jackson 

Jaaper 

Jefferson 

Jersey 

Jo  Daviess . . 
Johnson .... 

Kane. . . 

Kankakee. . . 

Kendall 

Knox 

Lake 

La  Salle .... 
Lawrence . . . 

Livingston .  . 

Logan 

Macon 

Macoupin. . . 

Madison 

Marlon 

Marshall. . . . 

Mason 

Massac 

McDonough. 
McHenry . . . 
McLean .... 

Menard 

fiercer 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Moultrie. . . . 

Ogle 

Peoria 

Perry 

Piatt 

Pike 

Pope 

Pulaski 

Putnam .... 
Randolph.  .  . 
Richland. . . . 
Rock  Island. 

Saline 

Sangamon.. . 

Schuyler 

Scott 

Shelby 

Stark 

St.  Clair 

Stephenson. . 
Tazewell. . . . 

Union 

Vermilion. . . 
Wabash .... 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

White 

Whiteside. . 

Will 

Williamson. 
Winnebago. 
Woodford. . 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem .' 

1,611 

5,220 
4,977 
6,780 
3,881 
6,685 
3,052 
3,505 
1,822 
9.875 
6,096 
1,008 
6,785 
5,447 

14,625 
5,052 
4,087 
6,462 
5,726 

11,181 

10,012 

16,302 
7,892 
2.593 
3,886 
1,236 
5,740 
3,278 

11,699 
2,689 
3,430 
2,104 
7,903 
7,104 
3,370 
3,297 

18,719 
4,445 
3.028 
7,005 
1,158 
2,159 
785 
5,403 
3,431 

10.914 
5,930 

17,958 
3,392 
2,457 
7,515 
1.390 

22,622 
5,463 
6,743 
5,171 
13;884 
3,264 
4,498 
2,794 
4,934 
5,066 
3,839 
11,378 
8,172 
6,198 
3.619 


Total. 


Hu 
ghes, 
Rep. 

2,528 

11,406 

8,503 

8,356 

3,110 

6.028 

2,644 

5,775 

3,273 

23,868 

10,594 

3,316 

10,918 

12,905 

20,662 

4,481 

7,985 

9,801 

5,933 

13,997 

8,875 

17,594 

6,438 

3,579 

3,029 

3,926 

7,192 

9,024 

14,988 

2,693 

5,308 

2,825 

7,065 

7,536 

2,933 

8,639 

18,615 

4,796 

4,oir 

5,293 
2,924 
3,863 
1,444 
5,517 
2,992 
16.169 
7,061 
20,900 
2,595 
2,426 
5,911 
2.887 
22,134 
8,620 
6,672 
3,135 
16.330 
2,600 
6,291 
4,fi57 
5,383 
4,137 
10,045 
19,881 
10,262 
14,893 
4,273 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 


60 

520 

87 

185 

57 

101 

20 

143 

69 

906 

92 

19 

435 

715 

851 

190 

144 

97 

310 

632 

1,089 

1,091 

425 

110 

53 

38 

250 

58 

450 

60 

69 

27 

607 

157 

55 

69 

718 

170 

88 

239 

57 

87 

42 

132 

79 

2,855 

787 

1,001 

36 

21 

83 

31 

1,152 

433 

341 

60 

605 

86 

154 

105 

59 

151 

127 

317 

580 

1,439 

87 


GOVERNOn, 

1916. 


Dun 

ne, 
Dem. 


845 
2,807 
2,868 
3,664 
2,118 
3,565 
1,727 
2,076 
1,062 
5,257 
3,592 
529 
3,712 
3,106 
8,814 
2,772 
2,226 
3,599 
3,055 
5,259 
5,374 
9,752 
4,203 
1,627 
2,182 
731 
2,825 
1,967 
6,190 
1,379 
1,855 
1,401 
4,169 
3,447 
1,803 
1,517 
10,822 
2,470 
1,571 
3,721 
701 
1,260 
523 
3,155 
1,750 
6,517 
3,308 
9,373 
1,819 
1,267 
3,823 
782 
14,573 
2,813 
3,778 
2,724 
8,257 
1,754 
2,236 
1,664 
2,588 
2,687 
2,061 
6,504 
4,601 
3,039 
1,968 


Low-  Sted- 
den,  mann. 
Rep .     Soc. 


1,630 

6,810 

5,264 

4,882 

1,841 

3,318 

1,799 

3,637 

1,991 

14,373 

6,199 

2,095 

6,766 

7,813 

11,927 

2,706 

4.731 

6,000 

3,723 

8,262 

5.443 

11,038 

3,666 

2.163 

2,095 

2,401 

4,236 

5,931 

9,136 

1,769 

3,180 

1,944 

4,409 

4,543 

1,756 

5,577 

12,550 

2,873 

2,415 

3,273 

1,754 

2,180 

1,006 

3,311 

1, 

9,644 

3,937 

12,629 

1,620 

l,35r 

3,473 

1.713 

14,406 

5,798 

4,550 

1.814 

10,500 

1,608 

3,508 

2,642 

3,110 

2,434 

6,216 

11,713 

5,939 

10,411 

2,642 


95 

15 

342 

551 

598 

134 

118 

70 

226 

509 

836 

808 

338 

74 

42 

33 

190 

38 

333 

35 

60 

18 

465 

129 

39 

57 

598 

124 

62 

175 

44 

33 

37 

115 

53 

1,980 

559 

739 

29 

15 

78 

19 

955 

305 

277 

40 

484 

67 

112 

85 

40 

104 

105 

241 

459 

1,179 

67 


IMOIANA; 


Counties. 
(92.) 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem 


950.229' 1152549  61,394  556,654  696,535    52,316 


TODICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chlet  Justice,  Charles  C.  Craig; 
Associate  Justices.  James  H.  .Cartwright,  William 
M.  Farmer,  Orrin  N.  Carter,  Ftanlt  H.  Dunn.  George 
A.  Cooke,  Warren  W.  Duncan;  Clerk,  Chas.  W.  Vail. 

.:.VoTB  oe  THE  state  since  1904. 

Dem.    Rep.  Prog.     Soc.  Proh.    Plu. 

1904.  Pres. 327,606  632.645  ..^..   fl!),225  34.770  305,039  R 

1908.  Gov. 526.912  550,076  .....   31,293  33,922     23,164  R 

J910.  Treas376.046  436,484  ......   49,«87  20,113    60,438  R 

1913.  Gov. 443,120  318,469  303,401  78.679  15,231  124,651  D 


Adams 

Alien 

Bartholom'w 

Benton 

Blackford. . . 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

tCrawford .  . . 

JDaviess 

JDearborn . , . 
jDecatur .... 
^De  Kalb 

Delaware.  .  . 

]Duboi3 

^Elkhart, .... 

Tayette 

>Floyd 

^Fountain..  . . 
j Franklin. . . . 

Fulton 

jGibson 

jGrant 

Greene 

JHamilton .  .  , 
(Hancock. . 

Harrison. .  . 
'Hendricks. . 

Henry 

Howard 

Huntington.. 

Jackson. . .     . 

Jasper 

Jay 

Jefferson. .   .  . 

Jennings.  .  .  . 

.lohnson .  .  . . 

Knox 

Kosciusko.  . . 

La  Grange  .  . 

Lalte 

Laporte 

Lawrence .  . . 

Madison.  .  .  . 

Marion 

Marshall. .  .  . 

Martin 

Miami 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Newton 

Noble 

Ohio 

Orange 

Owen 

Parke 

Perry 

Pike 

Porter 

Posey 

Pulaski 

Putnam .  .  .  . 

Randoloh.  . . 

Ripley 

Rush 

Scott 

Shelby 

Spencer 

Starke 

Steuben .  .  .  . 
St.  Joseph..  , 
Sullivan ... 
Switzerland. 
Tippecanoe.. 

Tipton 

Union 

Vanderburg . 
Vermilion  .. . 


Hu 

ghes. 

Rep. 


GOVERNOU, 

1916. 


2,875 
9,470 
3,441 
1,502 
1,867 
2,513 
1.016 
2,401 
5,140 
3,572 
3,435 
3,662 
1,508 
3,143 
3,010 
2,374 
3,373 
5,946 
3,072 
5,723 
2,074 
3,850 
2,437 
2,426 
2,231 
3,765 
5,827 
3.990 
2,799 
2,779 
2,373 
2,453 
3,560 
3,934 
3,833 
3,312 
1,488 
3,070 
2,518 
1,686 
3,108 
5,380 
3,447 
1,512 
9,946 
5,276 
3,108 
8,106 
'(5,013 
3,221 
1,549 
3,854 
2,796 
4,10V 
2,616 
1,278 
3,069 
632 
2,091 
1,812 
2,329 
2,080 
2,212 
1,871 
2,722 
1,387 
2,965 
2,682 
2,519 
2,569 
1,068 
3,900 
2,335 
1,334 
1.427 
9,709 
3.880 
1,446 
4,918 
2.337 
826 
10,028 
2,343 


Adair. 
Dem 


1,796 
10,169 
3,287 
1,872 
1,595 
3,333 
506 
2,46S 
4,879 
3,173 
3,102 
3,638 
1,201 
3,191 
2,318 
2,717 
2,898 
6,919 
1,492 
5,850 
2,360 
3,200 
2,634 
1,495 
2.325 
3,576 
6,059 
3,878 
3,951 
2,138 
2,086 
3,046 
4,386 
4.777 
3,761 
2,422 
1,995 
3,075 
2.675 
1,791 
2,428 
4,805 
4,025 
1,958 
13,263 
5.726 
3.813 
7,449 
40,699 
2,855 
1,634 
3,390 
3,033 
4,300 
2,360 
1,377 
3.417 
597 
2,481 
1,585 
2.598 
1,762 
2,172 
2,913 
2,291 
1,474 
2,453 
4,045 
2,686 
2,950 
802 
3,201 
2,560 
1,.550 
2,'118 
7.961 
2.630 
1,214 
6,386 
2,166 
997 
9,966 
2,616 


Good 
rich. 
Rep. 


2,807 
9,478 
3,383 
-1,455 
1,833 
3,465 
1,147 
2,350' 
5,078' 
3,484 
3,254 
3,588 
1,446 
3,056 
2,934 
2,355 
3,232 
5,835 
3,028 
5,572 
2.009 
3,711 
2,405 
2,360 
2,208 
3,637 
5,026 
3,843 
2,732 
2,684 
2,270 
2,367 
3,496 
3,818 
3,728 
3,164 
1,433 
3,049 
2,447 
1,607 
3,060 
5,272 
3,277 
1.459 
9,139 
5,175 
3,004 
7,719' 
.13,918 
3. 114 
1,50.': 
3,709 
2,671 
4,022 
2,562 
1,259 
2.990 
614 
2,043' 
1,756 
2,148 
1.996 
2,148 
1,776 
2,626 
1,361 
2,870 
2,756 
2,526 
2,520 
1.037 
3,839 
2,334 
1,301 
1,364 
9.W.'. 
3,668 
1,410 
4,884 
2,311 
802 
10.122 
2,223 


Sec'y  of 
State,  1918. 


Con- 

ter, 

Dem. 


1,776 
10,001 
3,304 
1.833 
1,578 
3,360 

67; 
2,480 
4,847 
3,163 
3,084 
3,601 
1,194 
3,189 
2,299 
2.658 
2,857 
6,967 
t,433 
6,814 
2,336 
3,144 
2.6(i3 
1,455 
3,321 
3,490 
6.049 
3,887 
3,859 
2,880 
2,0221 
3.014 
4,304! 
4,657 
3,742 
2,389 
t.925 
3,056 
2,643 
1,759 
2,439 
4,73? 
S.S.'iS 
1,937 
12,656 
5,584 
3,694 
7.463 
M.677 
2,814 
1.496 
6.401 
3.005 
4,346 
2,840 
1,387 
3,346 
585 
2,442 
1,655 
2,135 
1.721 
2,135 
2,784 
2,240 

2,448 
3,906 
2,648 
2,920 

781 
3,150 
2,495 
1.495 
2.403 
7.943 
2,568 
1,202 
6,283 
2,148 

998 
9.921 
2.519 


Ro 

ach. 
Rep. 


2,119 
8,560 
2,791 
1,029 
1.450 
3,028 
721 
1,788 
4,091 
3,240 
3,178 
3,170 
1,213 
2,582 
2,304 
1,922 
2,741 
4,553 
2,312 
4,207 
1,604 
3,262 
2,037 
1,895 
1,855 
3,100 
4,401 
3,530 
1.929 
2,394 
1,959 
1,979 
2,416 
2,249 
2,92'' 
2,492 
1,072 
2,669 
1,948 
1.353 
2,549 
4,260 
2,592 
1,027 
6,169 
3,758 
2,035 
5,912 
20,126 
2,"' 
1,276 
3,121 
2,197 
3,287 
2,272 
933 
2,430 
625 
1,617 
1,504 
1,820 
1,714 
1,771 
1.184 
2,287 
1,130 
2,783 
1,875 
2,064 
2,118 
912 
3,222 
1,832 
1,010 
1,032 
6.559 
3,186 
1,324 
3.212 
1,958 
716 
7,413 
1.884 


1,623 
9,148 
2,976 
1,693 
1,439 
3,071 
381 
2,427 
4,382 
2,680 
2,932 
3,461 
1,066 
3,218 
1,961 
2,511 
2,917 
6,277 
1,426 
5,515 
2,275 
3,027 
2,478 
1,301 
2.135 
3,393 
6,180 
3,937 
3,593 
2,088 
2,164 
2,927 
3,827 
3,937 
3,793 
2,428 
1,863 
2,894 
2,704 
1,701 
2,123 
4,-524 
3,919 
1,954 
9,642 
4,737 
3,080 
6,575 
29.806 
2,793 
1,357 
3,090 
2,590 
3,831 
2,668 
1,314 
3,101 
564 
2,145 
1,467 
2,478 
1,761 
1,970 
2,673 
2,103 
1,411 
2,378 
3,992 
2,452 
2.884 
786 
2,765 
2:241 
1,415 
2.320 
6,460 
2,318 
1,130 
5,178 
3,086 
935 
8,528 
1.947 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


167 


INDIANA— ConMnt/eo. 


Counties. 


Vigo — 
Wabash 
Warren. 
Warrick 
Washington 
Wayne. . 
Wells. . . , 
While . . . 
Whitley . 

Total. . . 


Pkbsidbnt, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

11.165 
3,168 
1,011 

2,244 
2,414 
5,007 
2,928 
2,202 
2,510 


Hu 

ghes. 
Rep. 


.  8,934 
3,849 
1,823 
2,396 
1,871 
6,112 
1,947 
2,412 
2,191 


GovEHNon. 
1918. 


Adair. 
Dem. 

10,421 

3,08S 
931 
2,22« 
2,318 
4,959 
2.827 
2,206 
2,454 


Gooc; 

I'lCll, 

Rep 


.  334,003'341,0O5  325.060  337,831  251,694  301,207 


SEC'Y  OF 

State,  1918. 


Con- 

ter, 

Dem. 


7,581 
2,282 
698 
2,028 
2,174 
3,346 
2.431 
1,778 
2,030 


Ro 

ach. 
Rep. 


7,187 
3,555 
1,606 
2,303 
1,695 
5,081 
1,960 
2,407 
2,173 


Proh. — J.  N.  GrJsso,  8,409. 
Soc— J.  W.  Kelley,  11,297. 

IOWA. 


I  President, 
I        1916. 


Counties. 
(99.) 


Adair 

Adams 

Allamakee.. . 
Appanoose. . 
Audubon.. . . 

Benton 

Blackhawk. . 

Boone 

Bremer 

Buchanan. . . 
Buena  Vista. 

Butler 

Calhoun .... 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cedar 

Cerro  Gordo. 
Cherokee.  .  . 
Chickasaw . . 

Clarke 

Clay 

Clayton .... 

Clinton 

Crawford . . . 

Dallas 

Davis 

Decatur .... 
Delaware.  . . 
Des  Moines . 
Dickinson. . . 
Dubuque. . . 

Emmet 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Franklin.  . . . 
Fremont. ... 

Greene 

Grundy 

Guthrie 

Hamilton . . . 
Hancock. . . . 

Hardin 

Harrison. .  .  . 

Henry 

Howard .... 
Humboldt.. . 

Ida 

Iowa 

Jackson 

.Jasper 

■TeHerson. . . . 
Johnson .... 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Kossuth .... 

Lee 

Iilnn ....;.. 

Louisa 

Lucas ...... 

Lyon 

Madison.'. . . 
Mahaska.  • . . 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

1,619 
1,365 
1,714 
2^510 
1,247 
2,556 
4,270 
2,338 
1,132 
1,808 
1,454 

977 
1,515 
2,085 
1,801 
1,595 
2,289 
1,646 
1,697 
1,175 
1,234 
2,379 
3,903 
1,919 
2.495 
1,811 
2.111 
1,332 
3.827 

893 
6,063 

809' 
2,311 
1,250 

691 
2,085 
1,455 
1,015 
1,805 
1,123 

913 
1.481 
2,932 
1,728 
1,560 

809 
1,244 
1,763 
2.186 
3,282 
1,734 
3,650 
1,966 
2,486 
1,748 
3,993 
6,131 
1,081 
1,536 
1,137 
1,711 
3.151 


Hu 
shea, 
Rep. 

1,922 
1,401 
2,411 
3,327 
1,581 
3,189 
6,742 
2,955 
2,684 
3,000 
2,045 
2,722 
2,276 
2,408 
2,763 
2,862 
3,556 
1,578 
1,999 
1,507 
1,649 
3,347 
5,576 
2,756 
2,900 
1,476 
1,962 
2,837 
4,132 
1,249 
5,772 
1.409 
3,872 
2,691 
2,464 
1.732 
2,345 
2,127 

2,3  re 

3,037 

1.726 

3,33' 

2,610 

2,470 

1,562 

1,676 

1,412 

2,484 

2,533 

3,092 

2,167 

2,704 

2.848 

2,822 

2,647 

4,395 

8,213 

1.876 

1,672 

1,760 

1,871 

3,143 


U.  S.  Sena 
TOR,  1914. 


Con- 
nolly, 
Dem 


1,251 

1,269 

1.510 

1,909 

946 

2,011 

2,929 

1,173 

1.327 

7,.524 

731 

731 

1,075 

2,402 

1,.34I 

1,626 

978 

916 

1,623 

973 

626 

2,162 

3,938 

2,249 

1,499 

1,666 

1,794 

1,343 

2,653 

535 

7.536 

432 

1,574 

652 

453 

1,570 

1,004 

826 

1,255 

755 

608 

913 

2,072 

1,618 

1,245 

675 

1,119 

1,568 

2,002 

2,567 

1,547 

2,814 

1,942 

1,676 

1,613 

3,575 

4,289 

960 

1.148 

■870 

1,349 

1,822 


Cum- 
mins, 
Rep. 


1,739 
1,125 
1,518 
2,300 
1,216 
2,312 
3,969 
2,273 
1,694 
2,479 
1,610 
2,037 
2,050 
1,416 
2,333 
1,971 
2,161 
1,512 
1,220 
1,133 
1,392 
2,388 
3,917 
1.590 
2,141 
1.198 
1.683 
1.735 
2,210 
878 
2,591 
1,196 
2,529 
1,716 
1,463 
1,616 
1,773 
1.790 
1,828 
2,362 
1,457 
2,246 
2,261 
1,614 
1,322 
1,254 
1,226 
1,378 
1,697 
2,277 
1,194 
2,265 
2,029 
1,758 
2,239 
2,976 
5,782 
1.451 
1.344 
1,1.55 
1,390 
2,533 


GOVEBNOR, 
1918. 


Hard- 
ing, 
Dem 


1,484 

989 
1,624 
2,651 

789 
1,907 
4,443 
1,703 
1,247 
1,886 
1,280 
1,610 
1,363 
1,185 
2,124 
1,678 
2,017 
1,218 
1,412 

989 
1,149 
1,922 
3,785 
1,345 
2,336 
1,345 
1,704 

700 
2,305 
1,041 
3,340 

171 
2,362 
1,761 
1,484 
1,265 
1.349 
1,229 
1,852 
1,624 
1,113 
1,915 
2,324 

539 
1,056 

896 

907 
1,254 
1,923 
2,578 
1,547 
1,376 

200 
2,300 
1,628 
3,211 
5,863 
1,243 
1,302 

841 
1,563 
2.351 


Por- 
ter, 
Rep. 


1,253 
1,169 
1,865 
1,877 
1,401 
1,869 
2.711 
1,573 
1,997 
1,170 
1,407 
1,170 
1,135 
2,419 
1,357 
1,642 
1,849 
1,153 
1,851 
1,170 
796 
2,461 
3,392 
2,482 
1,509 
1,530 
1,613 


3,077 

622 

4,585 


2,082 
1,086 
1,047 
1,181 
927 
1,497 
1,320 
1,154 
1,270 
1,389 
1,975 


1,265 
971 
1,193 
1,533 
1,718 
2,240 
1,139 
2,249 

2;086 
2,093 
3,869 
3,840 
692 
1,108 
1,231 
1,223 
1.882 


IOWA— Continued. 


Counties. 


Marshall. . .  . 

Mills 

Mitchell 

Monona.  .  .  . 

Monroe 

Montgomerj 
Muscatine.. . 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Page 

Palo  Alto .  .  . 
Plymouth. .  . 
Pocahontas. . 

Polk 

Pottawat'le.. 
Poweshiek.. . 

Ringgold 

Sac 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Van  Buren.  . 
Wapello .  . .  . 

Warren 

Washington . 

Wayne 

Webster .  . . . 
Winnebago. . 
Winneshiek.. 
Woodbury.  . 

Worth 

Wright 

Total  .  . 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem 


2,414 
1,600 
1,033 
1,910 
2,095 
1,431 
2,694 
1,787 

874 
1,747 
1,630 
2,2-58 
1,658 
12,327 
6,263 
1,880 
1,351 
1,629 
5,212 
2,060 
2,049 
1,772 
2,572 
1.775 
1,985 
1,735 
3,994 
1,910 
2,139 
1,935 
3,190 

.584 
1,956 
8,819 

566 
1,135 


Hu 
ghes, 
Rep. 

4,172 
1,707 
1,963 
1,777 
2,144 
2,333 
3,929 
2,021 
1,2S8 
2,993 
1.594 
2,666 
1,808 
11.295 
5,992 
2,748 
1,733 
2,057 
8,329 
1,898 
2,261 
3,722 
3,061 
2,219 
2,050 
1,994 
4,398 
2,182 
2,745 
1,936 
3,917 
1,713 
2,876 
6,735 
1,463 
2,599 


U.  S.  Sena- 
tor, 1914. 


Con- 
nolly, 
Dem 

1,629 
1.075 

850 
1.335 
1,657 
1,079 
2,U2 
1,413 

819 
1,176 
1,202 
2,368 
1,294 
5,173 
4.275 
1,188 

899 

929 
5,273 
1,548 
1,419 

780 
2,156 
1,299 
1,587 
1,483 
2,961 
1,494 
1.12C 
1,561 
2.207 

813 
1.819 
5.150 

231 

606 


Cum- 
mins, 
Rep. 


3.C58 
1.441 
1,441 

1,582 
1,970 
1.437 
3,141 
1,517 
999 
2,233 
1,478 
2,298 
1,706 
8,056 
4,692 
1,946 
1,583 
1.564 
5,743 
1,431 
2,218 
2,363 
2,712 
1,621 
1,716 
1,344 
3,522 
1,718 
1,790 
1,827 
2,987 
1,218 
2.471 
4,393 
1,178 
2,074 


220.-597  279,341  167,251  203,832  175,568  161,451 


Governor, 

1918. 


Hard- 
ing. 
Dem. 


3,068 

700 

1,351 

1,628 

2.036 

1.215 

2,926 

1,394 

626 

2,033 

947 

1,681 

1,217 

6.178 

2;099 
1,'" 

1,283 
5,033 
1,044 
1,075 
1,924 
1,912 
1,685 
1.634 
1.768 
3,428 
1,737 
2,087 
1.747 
2.329 

740 
1,427 
5.178 

876 
1,693 


Por- 
ter. 
Rep. 


1.707 


1,027 
1,325 
1,982 
1.693 
1.927 
1.583 
1,023 
1,540, 
1,030 
2,051 
1,395 
6.447 
174 
1.447 
1.003 
1.145 
4.030 
2.166 
2,352 
1.616 
2,470 
1,090 
1,592 
1.260 
2,442 
1.297 
1.728 
1,978 
2,082 
1.115 
2,359 
3,763 
850 
997 


KANSAS. 


Counties. 
(103.) 


Allen 

Anderson .  .  - 
Atchison. . .  . 

Barber 

Barton 

Bourbon.  . . . 

Brown 

Butler 

Chase 

Chautauqua 
Cherokee .  .  . 
Cheyenne. . . 

Clark 

Clay 

Cloud 

Coffey 

Comanche..  . 

Cowley 

Crawford .  .  . 
Decatur ... 
Dickinson.  . . 
Doniphan. .  . 
Douglas.  .  .  . 
Edwards. .  .  . 

Elk 

Ellis 

Ellsworth . .  . 

Finney 

Ford ....... 

Franklin.  . .  . 

Geary ....;. 

Gove 

Graham'.  .  .  . 
Grant ...... 

Gray 

Greeley 


President, 

1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


4,04 
2,739 
4,634 
2,061 
3,281 
5,209 
3.503 
4.248 
1.583 
1,737 
6,188 
787 
1,102 
2,631 
3,837 
3.121 
963 
5,943 
8,064 
2,431 
4,971 
1,916 
3,831 
1,131 
2,051 
2,335 
1,936 
1,370 
3,043 
4,128 
1,740 
861 
1,801 
208 
8S9 
163 


Hu 
ghes 
Rep. 


4,120 
2,385 
4,624 
1.632 
2.883 
3,370 
4,282 
3,614 
1,356 
2.081 
4,350 
498 
653 
2,691 
2,870 
2,799 
730 
5,282 
7.067 
1,007 
4,322 
2,826 
4,968 
1,157 
1,769 
1,186 
1,944 
1,234 
2,336 
3,883 
1,730 
642 
1,150 
200 
660 
210 


Ben 
son. 
Soc. 


354 

22: 

101 

172 

211 

302 

190 

296 

80 

345 

931 

177 

59 

227 

189 

161 

111 

612 

3.279 

146 

180 

91 

171 

90 

163 

55 

74 

185 

.   185 

304 

97 

55 

241 

.32 

90 

69 


Han- 

ly. 

Proh . 


105 

77 

153 

118 

106 

86 

125 

215 

51 

29 

116 

105 

85 

93 

294 

61 

93 

204 

129 

47 

116 

35 

255 

159 

41 

32 

69 

103 

235 

'284 

23 

43 

36 

9 

68 

35 


GOVERNOR, 
1918. 


Lans- 
don, 
Dem. 


1,363 

1.425 

1.783 

910 

1.289 

2.315 

1.315 

2.091 

708 

606 

2.719 

346 

323 

1,103 

1.372 

1.418 

439 

2.528 

3,125 

1,168 

1,683 

733 

1,179 

494 

843 

1,258 

990 

443 

1.185 

1.668 

790 
109 

301 

51 1 


Allen, 
Rep. 


3.816 
2,671 
4,320 
1,973 
2.709 
3,627 
4,032 
4,346 
1,775 
1,765 
3.703 
780 
758 
2,63« 
3,399 
2,959 
969 
6,661 
6,419 
1,198 
4,609 
2,762 
4,592 
1,549 
1.730 
1,326 
1.813 
1.310 
2.584 
4.205 
1.403 
902 
1.352 
282 
762 
283 


168 


Election  Returns  hy  States. 


KANSAS— Continued. 


Counties. 


President, 
1916. 


wn- 

soa, 
Dem. 


Green-wood. . 
Hamilton. . . 

Harper 

Harvey 

Haskell 

Hodgeman.  . 

Jackson 

Jefferson. .  . 

Jewell 

Johnson .... 

Kearny 

Kingman.  . . 

Kiowa 

Labette 

Lane 

Leavenworth 
Lincoln. ... 

Linn 

Logan 

Lyon 

Marlon 

Marshall. . .  . 
McPherson. . 

Meade 

Miami 

Mitchell ... 
Montgomery 

Morris 

Morton 

Nemaha .... 

Neoaho 

Ness 

Norton 

Osage 

Osborne .... 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Pottawat'le.. 

Pratt 

Rawlins 

Reno 

Republic. . . . 

Rice 

Riley 

Rooks 

Rush 

Russell 

Saline 

Scott 

Sedgwick.  .  . 

Seward 

Shawnee.  . . . 
Sheridan. . . . 

Shernmn 

Smith 

Stafford .... 

Stanton 

Stevens 

Sumner 

Thomaa 

Trego 

Wabaunsee. . 

Wallace 

Washington . 

Wichita 

Wilson 

Woodson.. . 
Wyandotte. 
Soldier  vote 


Hu 

ghes, 
Rep. 


2,948 

B22 
2,648 
3,129 

349 

761 
2,896 
2.904 
4,180 
3,928 

4S8 
2,626 

9J6 
6,42) 

659 
6,002 
2,106 
2,930 

709 
5,531 
2,789 
4,275 
3,730 

977 
4,047 
3,197 
8,053 
2.577 

457 
3  579 
4,890 
1,213 
2,876 
4,276 
2.621 
2,691 
2,124 
2312 
2,834 
2.607 
1,271 
6,649 
3,805 
2,800 
2,637 
2.394 
1,478 
1,934 
4,846 

684 
13,368 
1,103 
9,452 
1,189 
1.196 
3,431 
2,148 

170 

646 
5,518 
1,299 
1,094 
1,706 

497 

3,316 

333 

3,493 

1,794 

17,850 

235 


Total 314,588  277,6581  24,685 


2,957 

511 
1,797 
3.468 

248 

564 
3,439 
3,162 
3,021 
3,767 

538 
1,801 

901 
5,327 

363 
5,534 
1,716 
2,699 

590 
4,210 
3.453 
1,581 
3,791 

972 
3,086 
2,413 
6,359 
2,288 

405 
3,591 
4,052 

927 
!,616 
3,770 
2,149 
2,003 
1,484 
2,271 
3,688 
1,820 

803 
6,832 
2,f 
2,493 
3,320 
1.621 
1,223 
2,011 
3,976 

415 
10,871 

■678 
12,597 

760 

582 
2,605 
1,811 

180 

391 
4,078 

641 

867 
2,640 

381 
3,765 

318 

2,970 

1,861 

13,863 

2861 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 

174 

101 

195 

332 

57 

45 

31 

116 

135 

137 

109 

167 

40 

656 

81 

536 

54 

256 

70 

356 

274 

185 

238 

71 

199 

137 

764 

87 

51 

61 

238 

177 

173 

287 

82 

117 

120 

149 

Gl 

130 

165 

941 

147 

188 

299 

111 

173 

79 

225 

110 

868 

97 

510 

55 

87 

175 

174 

22 

45 

458 

101 

68 

89 

79 

127 

43 

553 

161 

1,028 

2 


Han- 

ly, 

Proh 


53 

26 

244 

161 

31 

136 

60 

77 

218 

6S 

51 

259 

302 

99 

29 

104 

64 

51 

37 

SOS 

105 

106 

213 

143 

61 

78 

175 

53 

42 

69 

57 

147 

49 

103 

229 

123 

121 

96 

43 

241 

52 

425 

8r 

369 
8' 

108 
62 
90 

143 
45 

924 
84 

102 
23 
23 

131 

194 
32 
85 

305 
19 
32 
43 
8 
73 
28 
87 
44 

380 


Governor, 
1918. 


Lana- 
don, 
Dem. 


1,310 

258 
1,076 
1.613 

139 

341 
1,321 
1.383 
1,966 
1,692 

232 
1,327 

426 
2,630 

282 
2,675 

977 
1,189 

278 
1,988 
1,146 
1,988 
1,645 

36! 
1,881 
1,329 
2,747 
1,167 

208 
1,967 
2,549 

499 
1,099 
2,067 
1,006 
1,260 

950 
1,265 
1,457 

966 

614 
2,738 
1,764 
1.159 
1,270 

995 

819 

696 
2,144 

356 
6,835 

511 
3,253 

655 

597 
1,437 

895 
89 

280 
2,463 

752 

439 

810 

196 
1,643 

125 
1,283 

844 
5,223 


Allen, 
Rep. 


12,882  132,444  286.424 


3,185 

595 
2,256 
3.660 

356 

786 
3.439 
3.094 
3.552 
3,962 

617 
2,174 
1,424 
5,490 

527 
4.6C6 
2.009 
2.501 

705 
4.632 
3.236 
4.474 
4.052 
1.064 
2.954 
2,395 
6,823 
2,673 

562 
3,521 
4,304 
1,310 
1,896 
4,198 
2,556 
2,313 
1,644 
2.293 
3.687 
2.276 
1.026 
6.808 
3.157 
2.880 
3,742 
1,853 
1,209 
1,725 
3,574 

600 

10,709 

1,022 

11,449 

880 

850 
2,847 
2,246 

241 

673 
4.639 

882 

869 
2.626 

553 
3.756 

372 
3.125 
2^157 
11,214 


KENTUCKY. 


VOTE    FOR   UNITED    STATES   SENATOR,    1914. 

Geo.  A.  Neeley,  Dem.,  received  176,929  votes, 
Chas.  Curtis,  Rep.,  180,823:  Victor  Murdock,  Prog., 
116.755;  C.  B.  Hoflman,  Soc.  24,502;  Earle  Delay, 
Proh.,  9,885. 

JUDICIARY. 

Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  Wm.  A.  Johnston; 
Associate  Justices,  Roudseau  A.  Burch,  Henry  F. 
Mason,  Silas  Porter,  Judson  S.  West.  John  Marshall 
and  John  8.  Dawson;  Clerk,  D.  A.  Valentine. 


PRESIDENT, 

U.  S.  Sena- 

1916. 

tor,  1918. 

COUNTIES. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Han- 

Ben- 

Stan- 

Bru- 

(120.) 

son, 

ghes. 

ly, 

eon, 

ley. 

ner. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Proh. 

Soc. 

Dem. 
1,122 

Rep. 

Adair 

1,675 

1.863 

14 

1 

1,629 

Allen 

1,647 

2.147 

34 

4 

1.208 

1.773 

Anderson .  .  . 

1,521 

1.065 

26 

1 

985 

763 

Ballard 

2.222 

692 

13 

75 

1.650 

408 

Barren 

3,370 

2.462 

33 

23 

2.589 

1.862 

Bath 

1,796 

1,360 

16 

8 

1.077 

1,097 

Bell 

1,373 

3.321 

19 

54 

773 

2,079 

Boone 

2,008 

631 

9 

1,466 

403 

Bourbon.  . .  . 

2,715 

2.167 

31 

7 

1.870 

1,576 

Boyd 

2,738 

2.8S3 

60 

62 

1.690 

2,140 

Boyle 

2,052 

1.494 

23 

3 

1.548 

1,123 

Bracken .... 

1,676 

1.082 

18 

47 

1,045 

741 

Breathitt.  .  . 

2,067 

1.584 

22 

3 

992 

548 

Breckinridge 

2.172 

2.549 

55 

13 

1,711 

2.138 

Bullitt 

1.508 

826 

7 

1 

1,060 

562 

Butler 

1.158 

2,456 

23 

10 

849 

1.835 

Caldwell.  . .  . 

1,605 

1,672 

17 

49 

1.167 

1,277 

Calloway .  .  . 

3,334 

1,026 

18 

135 

2.022 

624 

Campbell . . . 

7,290 

5,696 

96 

513 

4,173 

3,921 

Carlisle 

1,646 

494 

12 

33 

1,100 

278 

Carroll 

1.7,57 

535 

18 

1 

1,451 

439 

Carter 

1,954 

2.818 

28 

19 

1,183 

1,860 

Casey 

1,352 

1,949 

30 

8 

876 

1,551 

Christian .  .  . 

3.644 

4,594 

44 

54 

2,984 

3,522 

Clark 

2.620 

1,731 

31 

6 

1,516 

1,295 

Clay 

820 

2,271 

6 

.    5 

437 

1.688 

Clinton 

379 

1,260 

14 

291 

1.114 

Crittenden.  . 

1,455 

1,794 

24 

19 

922 

1.320 

Cumberland. 

653 

1,394 

15 

389 

1,217 

Daviess 

5,396 

4.078 

70 

29 

3.648 

2,646 

Edmon.son .  . 

935 

1.339 

14 

7 

697 

1.175 

Elliott 

1,151 

525 

10 

I 

710 

295 

EstUl 

1,180 

1.524 

21 

t    ■    ■ 

614 

932 

Fayette 

6.348 

5,472 

70 

19 

3.384 

3,478 

Fleming .... 

2,240 

1,836 

40 

1 

1.697 

1,466 

Floyd 

2,217 

1,823 

10 

16 

1,022 

1,038 

Franklin.  . .  . 

3.345 

1.426 

18 

12 

2.690 

891 

Fulton 

2.200 

747 

28 

17 

1,503 

389 

Gallatin .... 

1,060 

283 

4 

•     .    • 

783 

224 

Garrard .... 

1,375 

1.628 

20 

4 

1,114 

1,338 

Grant 

1,841 

1,078 

36 

3 

1,330 

882 

Graves 

5,197 

1,930 

17 

131 

3,521 

•1.289 

Grayson .... 

1,953 

2.368 

28 

13 

1.427 

1.998 

Green 

1,239 

1.412 

19 

, 

884 

1,178 

Greenup .... 

1,820 

1,821 

■33 

92 

1.026 

1,160 

Hancock. .  .  . 

833 

918 

12 

32 

657 

731 

Hardin 

3,272 

1,887 

12 

16 

2,295 

1,455 

Harlan 

690 

2,670 

22 

53 

405 

1,977 

Harrison. .  .  . 

2,778 

1,409 

52 

7 

2.134 

1.068 

Hart 

2,048 

2.031 

20 

36 

1.471 

1.719 

Henderson .  . 

3,699 

2.218 

49 

125 

2.808 

1.214 

Henry 

2,595 

1.302 

23 

5 

2.117 

1,087 

Hickman..  .  . 

1,982 

539 

15 

24 

1.297 

279 

Hopkins .... 

3,757 

3.615 

31 

102 

3,129 

3.017 

Jackson 

252 

1.968 

16 

3 

102 

1.275 

Jeffei-.son. .  .  . 

28,840 

28.386 

205 

883 

19,835 

23,021 

Jessamine. .  . 

1,727 

1.326 

65 

1,240 

1,120 

Johnson .... 

1,253 

2.500 

22 

41 

690 

2,022 

Kenton 

10,402 

5.267 

103 

411 

6,452 

3,371 

Knott 

1,454 

571 

4 

800 

318 

Knox 

1,126 

3,192 

20 

24 

597 

2,088 

Larue 

1,350 

936 

12 

1 

982 

819 

Laurel 

1,171 

2,38a 

18 

78 

604 

1,932 

Lawrence . . . 

1,91C 

1,928 

26 

18 

1,206 

1,341 

Lee 

793 

1,135 

12 

1 

434 

729 

Leslie 

133 

1,516 

4 

2 

57 

781 

Letcher 

1,121 

2,220 

11 

12 

521 

1,427 

Lewis 

1,276 

2,324 

40 

69 

747 

1,818 

Lincoln 

2,212 

1,868 

35 

41 

1,605 

1,491 

Livingston  .  . 

1,287 

923 

12 

-83 

940 

779 

Logan 

3,373 

2,501 

43 

31 

3,084 

1,858 

Lyon 

1,191 

748 

12 

9 

833 

593 

Madison.  .  .  . 

3,295 

3,017 

22 

10 

2,227 

2.322 

Magoffin. . .  . 

1,433 

1,535 

23 

5 

769 

1,019 

Marion. .  .  .  . 

2,063 

1,396 

15 

3 

1,542 

960 

Marshall. . .  . 

2,263 

1,201 

30 

46 

1,496 

873 

Martin 

280 

1,10C 

6 

15 

133 

753 

Mason 

2,82C 

2,127 

46 

7 

2,011 

1,580 

Mccracken.. 

4,356 

3,05S 

28 

211 

2,384 

1,535 

McCreary. .  . 

324 

1,63C 

6 

22 

200 

1,051 

McLean .... 

1,589 

1,439 

21 

41 

1,253 

1,126 

Meade. ..... 

1,317 

803 

8 

36 

1,034 

648 

Menifee 

730 

369 

1 

510 

233 

Election  Returns  by  States. 


169 


KENTUCKY— ConHnued. 


Counties. 


Mercer .... 
Metcalfe. . . 
Monroe. . . . 
Montgomery 

Morgan 

Muhlenberg. 

Nelson 

Nicholas. . . . 

Ohio 

Oldham 

Owen 

Owsley 

Pendleton. . . 

Perry 

Pike 

Powell 

Pulaski. . .  /. 
Robertson..  . 
Rockcastle . . 

Rowan 

Russell 

Scott 

Shelby 

Simpson .... 

Spenoer 

Taylor 

Todd 

Trigg 

Trimble 

Union 

Warren 

Washington . 

Wayne 

Webster .... 
Whitley .... 

Wolfe 

Woodford. . . 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son. 
Dem. 

2,09.1 

1,040 

SS2 

l,70n 

2,.319 

2,900 

2,639 

1,829 

2,723 

1,455 

2,911 

197 

1,728 

904 

3,414 

75" 

2,531 

663 

968 

8S1 

859 

2.611 

2,919 

1,887 

1,271 

1.360 

2,051 

1,722 

1,319 

2,754 

4,228 

1,634 

1,373 

2,673 

J, 171 

1,108 

1,786 


Tot.ll 269,990  241,854 


Hu 

ighes, 
Rep. 


1.531 
1.107 

2.008 
1.195 
1.123 
3.53: 
1.546 

964 
3,286 

642 

663 
4,173 
1.286 
2,217 
4,212 

587 
4,136 

415 
1,932 

941 
1,298 
1,4«6 
1,863 

955 

691 
1,332 
1,671 
1,533 

259 
1,184 
3,002 
1,654 
1,638 
2,082 
3,919 

645 
1,300 


Han- 

ly, 

Proh 


31 
15 

7 

11 

14 

22 
31 
29 
48 
14 
23 
9 
26 
26 
42 

59 
5 
7 

12 
24 
21 
17 
11 
6 
19 
31 
14 
21 
5 

54 
12 
22 
28 
15 
6 
11 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 


146 

4 

C 
156 

5 
10 

3 
13 
53 
31 

'lO 


U.  S.  Sena- 
tor, 1918. 


Stan- 
ley. 
Dem. 


1,607 

840 

637 

1,091 

1,254 

2,457 

1,994 

1,345 

2,00G 

1,110 

2,256 

122 

1,072 

543 

2,312 

360 

1,360 

451 

C27 

497 

517 

l,i 

2,011 

1,541 

921 

1,016 

1,535 

1,281 

1,030 

2,096 

3,334 

1,209 

770 

1,971 

606 

684 

1,238 


Bru- 
ner. 
Rep. 


036     4,734  184,385  178,797 


1,208 

1,011 

1,669 

900 

642 

2,952 

1,036 

845 

2,744 

475 

575 

849 

1,065 

1,251 

3,420 

343 

2,952 

34,5 

1,539 

575 

1,078 

1,100 

1,333 

799 

454 

1,149 

1,294 

1,209 

205 

699 

2,301 

1,429 

1,286 

1,473 

2.665 

389 

946 


LOUISIANA. 


President, 

Governor, 

1916. 

1916. 

Pahishes. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Ben- 

PJeas- 

Par- 

(61.) 

son, 

ghes. 

son, 

ant, 

ker, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Prog. 

Soc. 
1 

Dem. 

Prog. 

1,686 

Acadia 

1,165 

202 

22 

1,129 

Allen 

708 

81 

2 

761) 

280 

Ascension. . . 

531 

106 

61 

686 

627 

Assumption. 

489 

221 

373 

772 

1.140 

Avoyelles . . . 

1,253 

44 

12 

1,705 

1,098 

Beain'egard. . 

968 

59 

2 

848 

378 

Bienville. . . . 

1,229 

20 

5 

a 

1,357 

97 

Bossier.  .... 

675 
3.109 

9 
151 

6eo 

2,877 

13 
413 

Caddo 

4 

1 

Calcasieu . . . 

1,798 

165 

10 

1 

1,537 

1,000 

Caldwell 

554 

20 

3 

9 

648 

222 

Cameron. , , . 

163 

459 

10 
20 

182 
459 

126 

101 

Catahoula... 

i 

Claiborne . . . 

1,276 

15 

1 

1 

1,307 

41 

Concordia. . . 

264 

10 

3 

231 

75 

DeSoto.  . .. 

1,104 

17 

15 

1,049 

179 

E.BatonR'ge 

1,482 

130 

35 

1,562 

1,113 

E.  Carroll.  . 

219 
489 

3 
21 

200 
517 

43 
149 

E. Feliciana.. 

i 

Evangeline.. 

808 

26 

37 

28 

823 

1,069 

Franklin. . . . 

684 
640 

10 
31 

825 
783 

162 
189 

Grant 

4 

30 

Iberia 

802 

134 

830 

938 

1,636 

Iberville 

471 

160 

23 

532 

550 

Jackson 

980 

27 

2 

919 

115 

Jefferson 

1,041 

56 

8 

1,409 

330 

Jeff 's'n  Davis 

656 

200 

17 

15 

892 

964 

Lafayette. . . 

1,066 

73 

476 

1,100 

1,494 

Lafourche... 

629 

157 

1,149 

722 

1,776 

La  Salle. ... 

610 

20 

8 

573 

176 

Lincoln 

932 

42 

4 

2 

1,098 

175 

Livingston. . 

503 

35 

18 

654 

492 

Madison. . . . 

187 
564 

3 

212 
545 

19 
84 

Morehouse.. 

1 

3 

Natchitoches 

1,181 

45 

7 

25 

1,356 

482 

LOUISIANA 

— Continued. 

_.,_.-^ 

>s 

President. 

Governor, 

1916. 

1916. 

Parishes. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Ben- 

Pleas-i Par- 

son. 

ghes. 

Prog. 

son, 

ant, 

ker, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

See. 

Dem. 

25,827 

Prog. 

Orleans 

30.936 

2,5;;i 

516 

14.340 

Ouachita 

1,215 

35 

3 

2 

1,253 

339 

Plaquemines 

461 

43 

7 

562 

222 

Pte.  Coupee 

301 

37 

15 

385 

684 

Rapides 

2,184 

134 

24 

2,224 

890 

Red  River. . . 

567 

050 

1,147 

4 

7 
30 

676 
706 
981 

16S 

Richland 

46 

Sabine 

5 

244 

St.  Bernards. 

363 

23 

5 

446 

138 

St.  Charles.. 

297 

30 

3 

283 

340 

St.  Helena.  . 

319 

9 

6 

332 

13t 

St.  James. . . 

520 

185 

22 

651 

860 

St.  John  Bap 

289 

115 

8 

343 

606 

St.  Landry. . 

139 

117 

121 

1,168 

1.809 

St.  Martin.. 

971 

36 

392 

877 

858 

St.  Mary.... 

652 

162 

605 

671 

1,475 

St  Tamm'y. 

782 

95 

15 

1,037 

654 

Tangipahoa . 

1,326 

159 

12 

1,537 

763 

Tensas 

204 

5 

2 

216 

13 

Terrebonne. . 

606 

113 

588 

670 

1.168 

Union 

1,106 

22 

I 

9 

1,276 

5 

Vermilion... 

1,310 

78 

832 

10 

1.355 

1,851 

Vernon. . . 

1,391 

1.079 

393 

Washington. 

1,094 

66 

14 

501 

Webster .... 

1,040 

6 

2 

15 

U030 

43 

WBat'nR'ge 

237 

28 

5 

242 

29S 

W.  Carroll.. 

311 

14 

2 

14 

354 

202 

W.  Feliciana 

261 

8 

5 

232 

179 

Winn 

868 

50 

100 

1.108 
80,807 

349 

Total 

79,875 

6,466 

6,349 

292 

48.068 

MAINE. 


PRESIDENT, 

1916. 

U.  S.   SeNA- 
TOR,  1916. 

Governor. 
1918. 

Counties. 
(16.) 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 
ghes. 
Rep. 

John- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hale. 
Rep. 

5.257 
6,950 
12,414 
2,392 
4,089 
7,517 
2,693 
2,159 
4.599 
8,275 
2,329 
2,100 
4,352 
2,887 
4,332 
7,407 

M'ln- 

tire, 

Dem. 

MUli- 

ken. 

Rep. 

Androscog'n. 
Aroostook. .  . 
Cumberland. 
Franklin. . . . 
Hancock. . . . 
Kennebec. . . 

Knox 

Lincoln 

Oxford 

Penobscot. . . 
Piscataquis. . 
Sagadahoc .  . 

Somerset 

Waldo 

Washington. 

York 

Soldier  vote. 

5.464 
2.420 
9.795 
1,908 
3,303 
5,527 
3.434 
1,718 
3,615 
7,395 
1,763 
1,791 
3,134 
2,539 
3,459 
6,853 

4.496 
5,775 
11,768 
1,988 
3,191 
6,731 
2,211 
1,781 
4,026 
7,322 
2,141 
1,828 
3,567 
2,418 
3,890 
6,373 

5,885 
3,170 
10,897 
1,893 
3,479 
6,475 
3.515 
2,059 
3.559 
7.946 
1,931 
1,913 
3,495 
2,680 
4,306 
6,275 

5.114 
3.254 
8.879 
1.471 
2.621 
4,885 
2.809 
1.729 
3,058 
7,021 
1,601 
1,699 
3,073 
1,966 
3,561 
5,209 
968 

4,886 
4.831 
8,912 
2,324 
3,035 
5.929 
2.069 
2.020 
3.882 
5,896 
2,011 
1,928 
3.919 
2.65? 
3,747 
5,660 
462 

Total 

64.118 

69,500 

69.478 

79.752 

58,918 

64.069 

Maine — U.  S.  Senator,  1918:  Bert  M.  Fernald, 
R.„  67,431;  Elmer  E.  Newbert,  54,289. 

STATE  GOVERNMENT. 

Governor,  Carl  E.  MUiiken;  Secretary  of  State, 
Frank  W.  Ball;  Treasurer.  Joseph  W.  Simpson;  Ad- 
jutant-General. George  McL.  Presson;  Auditor,  Rov 
L.  Ward  well;  Attorney-General,  Guy  H.  Sturgls; 
Superintendent  of  Public  Schools.  Dr.  A.  O.  Thomas, 
Insurance  Commissioner,  Erastus  J.  Carter;  Com- 
missioner ol  Agriculture,  John  A.  Roberts. 

VOTE  OF  THE  STATE  SINCE  1904. 


1904.  President 

1906.  Governor .... 

1908.  President 

1908.  Governor .... 

1910.  Governor 

1912.  Governor .... 
1912.  President .... 
1914.  Governor. .  . . 
Prohibition  vote 
1.510;  1908,  1.487:  1912, 


Dem.  Rep.  Prog. 

27.630  64.437 

61.477  69.315   

35,403  66,987    

66.075  73.728   .... 

73.425  64.672    .... 

67.748  71.043    

51.113  26.545  48,493 

62.039  58.862  18,225 


for  President- 
945. 


Soc.    Pitt. 
2,103  36.807  R 
1,553    7.838  R 
1,758  31,584  R 
1,430    7,653  R 

8,7S3  D 

3,295  R 
2.620  D 
3.177  D 


1,582 
2.110 
2.541 

1,872 


-1900.   2,585;    1904. 


170 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


MARYLAND. 


Counties. 
(24.) 


Allegany. . . . 
AnneArund'l 
Baltimore . . . 
Baltimore*  .. 

Calvert 

Carolino .... 

Carroll 

Cecil. ...... 

Charles 

Dorchester . . 
Frederick .  .  . 

Garrett 

Harford.  .  .  . 

Howard 

Kent 

Montgomery 
Pr'e  George's 
Queeu  Anne's 
St.  Mary's .  . 

Somerset 

Talbot 

Washington . 
Wicomico. .  . 
Worcester . . . 


Phesident, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


4,859 
4,111 

15,226 
60,226 
910 
1,965 
4,016 
2,587 
1,363 
2,750 
6,094 
1,031 
3,345 
1.913 
1,886 
3,803 
3,493 
2,206 
1,443 
1,885 
2,180 
5,642 
3,285 
2,138 


Total 133,359  117,347 


Hu 
Rhes, 
Rep 


5,760 
2,70r> 
12,633 
49,805 
975 
1,666 
3,60." 
1,959 
1,374 
2,468 
5,725 
l,i 
2,302 
1,346 
1,673 
2,913 
3,058 
1,242 
1,064 
2,364 
1.753 
5,093 
2,539 
1,520 


Han- 
Proh. 


147 
134 

336 

836 
37 
55 

108 
42 
80 
76 

119 
35 
60 
35 
20 
85 
70 
43 
57 

105 

131 
91 
88 

107 


2,903 


State    Comp- 
troller, 1917. 


Mc 

Mul- 

len.D, 


3,854 

2,460 

10.634 

30,171 

672 
1,.' 
2,500 
2,019 

985 
2,128 
3,952 

614 
2,620 
1,617 
1,473 
2,828 
1,782 
1,832 

958 
1,244 
1,836 
3,221 
2.368 
2,012 


85,368 


At- 

tvood, 

Rep. 


3,467 
1,948 
6,181 
33,110 
1,100 
1,625 
3,266 
1,628 
1,266 
2,427 
4,950 
1,260 
2,040 
1,025 
1,541 
2,318 
1,727 
1,255 
1,135 
2,086 
1,752 
3,869 
2,142 
1,381 


84,449 


Ma- 
„  see, 
Proh. 


167 

73 

211 

434 

13 

75 

91 

89 

70 

65 

160 

62 

94 

63 

34 

118 

130 

70 

37 

120 

120 

82 

115 

128 


2,621 


*  City  of  Baltimore. 

MASSACHUSETTS.. 


Counties., 

(14.) 


Barnstable . . 
Berkshire .  .  . 

Bristol 

Dukes 

Essex 

Franklin. . .  . 
Hampden. . . 
Hampshire. . 
Middlesex. .  . 
Nantucket . . 

Norfolk 

Plymouth. . . 

Suffolk 

Worcester. . . 

Total 

.'Soldier  vote 
Grand  total 


President, 
1916. 


.  Wil- 
son, 
Deni . 


1.892 

8,357 

18,065 

309 

32.489 

3,0.54 
17,028 

4,202 
49,844 
307 
12,702 
11,009 
61,047 
27,540 


247,845 
40 
247,885 


Hu 
fc'hes, 
Rep. 

2,836 

*9,787 

22.578 

464 

35,909 

4,333 
18,207 

5,748 
60,802 
249 
19,284 
13,515 
42,492 
32,541 

268,705 
19 
268,784 


U.  .S.  Sena- 
tor, 1916. 


Fltz- 
g'ald, 
Dem. 


1,440 

7.732 

16,651 

204 

29.443 

2.440 
15,391 

■^  727 
46;965 
227 
12,020 
10,153 
61,688 
26,118 


234,199 
39 
234,238 


Lodge 
Rep 


3,029 

9,503 

22,095 

495 

36,447 

4,376 
18,087 

5,610 
61,596 
300 
19,314 
13,347 
40,911 
32,047 


267,157 
20 
267,177. 


Governor, 

1918. 


Long, 
Dem. 


1,121 

6,360 

13,668 

145 

26,032 

2,010 
12.687 

2,480 

39,885 

180 

10,880 

8,204 
50,417 
23,337 


214,179 

422 
197,828 


Cool- 
idge, 
Rep. 


2,750 

8,235 

18,553 

403 

28,637 

3,869 
15,040 

5,587 
47,824 
210 
15,396 
10,519 
30,436 
26,720 


197,406 

684 

214,863 


MICHIGAN. 


COUNTIES. 
(83.) 


Alcona. .  . . 

Alger 

Allegan. J  . . 
Alpena. . . . 
Antrim . . . . 
Arenac. . . . 
Baraga .  . . . 

Bfrry 

Bay . .. 

Benzie 

Berrien, . . . 
Branch . . . . 
Calhoun . . . 

Cass 

Charlevoix . 
Cheboygan. 
Chippewa. . 
I'lare. . . . . . 

Clinton. . . . 

Crawford  -  . 
Delta 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dera. 


453 

650 

3,591 

1,392 

932 

938 

462 

2,491 

5,996 

770 

6,054 

3.062 

8,037 

2,666 

1,152 

1,389 

1,768 

769 

2,094 

450 

1,781 


Hu 
ghea, 
Rep. 


573 

687 

4,803 

2,020 

1.336 

911 

748 

3,157 

6,708 

900 

7,511 

3,100 

6,484 

2,518 

1,877 

1,576 

2,365 

1,049 

3,381 

409 

3,088 


U.  S.   Sen.\- 
TOR,  1916. 


Town 


Price, 

SHDd, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

1^ 

661 
781 

3,229 

5.089 

1,325 

2,102 

822 

1,442 

838 

1,019 

387 

821 

2,382 

3,263 

5..573 

7,114 

674 

985 

5,840 

7,737 

2,908 

3,264 

7,219 

7,269 

2,593 

2,597 

1,051 

1,998 

1.323 

1,641 

1,607 

2.565 

712 

1,120 

1,965 

3,532 

492 

.     457 

1,614 

3,273 

Governor, 
1918. 


Bail- 
ey, 
Dem. 


215 

277 

1,515 

631 

405 

452 

214 

1,461 

3,058 

335 

3,169 

1,695 

3,981 

1,614 

476 

741 

711 

444 

1,067 

237 

1,019 


Sleep- 
er. 
Rep. 


434 

571 
3,687 
1,213 
1,024 

707 

756 
2,798 
4,901 

657 
6,059 
2,777 
5,697 
2,241 
1,213 
1,201 
1,608 

980 
2,443 

332 
2,083 


MICHIGAN— Conamieii. 


PRESIDENT, 

U.  S. 

Sena- 

Governor, 

1916. 

TOR,  19i6. 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Town 

Bail- 

Sleep- 

son, 

ghea, 

Price, 

send. 

ey, 

er, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dickinson.. . 

1.291 

2,393 

1,191 

2,492 

859 

1,973 

Eaton 

3,461 

3.802 

3.163 

4,105 

2,042 

3,483 

Emmet 

1,363 

1.724 

1,267 

1,835 

680 

1,299 

Genesee.  .  .  . 

9,311 

9,3.53 

8,6V.9 

10,010 

3,366 

6,185 

Gladwin.  .  .  . 

729 

935 

636 

1,051 

286 

913 

Gogebic .... 

1,510 

2,204 

1,410 

2,342 

784 

1,808 

G'd  Traverse 

1,848 

1,917 

1,683 

2,082 

786 

1.607 

Gratiot 

2,960 

3,4.34 

2,791 

3,581 

1,.354 

2,941 

Hillsdale... . 

3,124 

3,463 

3,164 

3,713 

1,836 

3,156 

Houghton... 

4,615 

8,013 

l,2a3 

8,291 

2,422 

5,780 

Huron 

1,816 

4,743 

1,610 

4,981 

926 

2,750 

Ingham 

7,664 

7,846 

7,164 

8.396 

5,162 

7,891 

Ionia 

3,911 

3,950 

3,724 

1,160 

2,325 

3,572 

Iosco 

729 

■984 

634 

1,092 

309 

939 

Iron 

877 

2,130 

781 

2,236 

518 

1,277 

Isabella 

2,143 

2,700 

1,980 

2,893 

1.245 

2,518 

.Tackson 

8,058 

6,938 

6,976 

8,132 

4,036 

4,602 

Kalamazoo. . 

7,164 

5,931 

6.646 

6,504 

3,360 

4,707 

Kalkaska .  . . 

430 

724 

379 

787 

161 

481 

Kent 

20,364 

16.095 

18,106 

18,022 

10,530 

16,919 

Kaweenaw .  . 

194 

860 

176 

875 

83 

823 

Lake. ...... 

347 

588 

320 

617 

131 

503 

Lapeer 

1,937 

■  3,315 

1,781 

3,513 

934 

2,845 

Leelanau 

763 

984 

723 

1.026 

217 

734 

Lenawee. . . . 

5,519 

6,247 

5,286 

6,191 

3,448 

5,046 

Livingston . . 

2,297 

2,460 

■  2,228 

2,549 

1,674 

2,244 

Luce 

257 

■527 

225 

563 

95 

459 

Mackinac. . . 

908 

1,082 

880 

•  1,122 

669 

758 

Macomb. . . . 

3,108 

•  4,552 

3,003 

4,670 

1,775 

3,495 

Manistee.. .  . 

2,177 

2,360 

2,016 

2,459 

1,303 

1,832 

Marquette .  . 

2,625 

5,263 

2,282 

5,577 

1,618 

3,997 

Mason 

1,689 

2,198 

1,534 

2,418 

792 

1,685 

Mecosta .... 

1,178 

2,455 

1,334 

2.728 

591 

1,729 

Menominee.. 

1,854 

2,671 

1,713 

2,8,37 

1,443 

2,145 

Midland 

1,454 

2,104 

1,286 

2,382 

239 

1,850 

Missaukee. . . 

917 

1,160 

786 

1.295 

247 

790 

Monroe. .... 

4,202 

3.787 

3,988 

4,033 

3,061 

3,282 

Montcalm. . . 

2;801 

3,894 

2,628 

1,095 

1,310 

3,235 

M'ntm'r'ncy 

272 

396 

239 

441 

152 

355 

Muskegon.. . 

4,465 

5,692 

3.988 

6,183 

3,229 

4,494 

Newaygo.  .  . 

1,625 

2,117 

1.471 

2.578 

613 

1,988 

Oakland.  .  .  . 

6,659 

7,730 

6.141 

8,276 

3,965 

6,079 

Oceana 

1,387 

1,9.57 

1,242 

2,093 

560 

1,685 

Ogemaw .... 

743 

878 

653 

•     975 

334 

829 

Ontonagon. . 

888 

1,235 

807 

1,312 

337 

811 

Osceola 

1,285 

2,193 

1,116 

2,383 

475 

1,763 

Oscoda 

175 

245 

140 

288 

72 

209 

Otsego 

519 

531 

413 

638 

145 

445 

Ottawa 

3,9  •! 

5,484 

3,593 

5,978 

1,649 

4,538 

PresQue  Isle. 

806 

1,407 

676 

1,536 

348 

1,050 

Roscommon. 

239 

311 

207 

355 

144 

299 

Saginaw .... 

8,434 

9,544 

8.064 

9.975 

4,999 

7,523 

Sanilac 

1,867 

■,639 

1,548 

4,974 

824 

3,235 

Schoolcraft. . 

623 

994 

537 

1,081 

321 

808 

Shiawassee. . 

3,308 

3,926 

3,107 

4,132 

1,716 

3,547 

St.  Clair 

4,617 

6,538 

4,204 

6,990 

2,151 

4,996 

St.  Joseph. . . 

3,.567 

3,132 

3,454 

3,241 

1,888 

2,521 

Tuscola 

2,329 

4,461 

2,113 

4,682 

915 

3,220 

Van  Buren. . 

3,225 

4,303 

3,023 

4,527 

1,346 

3,624 

Washtenaw.. 

5,279 

6,505 

1.902 

c,816 

3,099 

5,344 

Wayne 

60,935 

70,056 

52,979 

78.081 

41,424 

50,171 

Wexford 

1.683 

2,333 

1,534 

2,434 

695 

1,571 

Total 

283,993 

337,952 

257,954 

364,657 

158,142 

266,738 

MNNESOTA. 


Counties. 
(86.) 


Aitkin 

Anoka 

Becker 

Beltrami. . . 
Benton .... 
Big  Stone. . 
Blue  Earth. . 

Brown 

Carlton.. . . 
Carver , 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem 


877 
1,171 
1,453 
1,912 

945 

869 
2,211 
1,101 
1,115 

960 


Hu 

ghes. 
Rep. 


1,122 
1,262 
1,761 
1.331 
1,020 
810 
2,864 
2,078 
1,096 
1,050 


U.  S.  Sena- 

TOR,  1918. 

cider 

wood 

Nafl 


Nel- 
son, 
Rep. 


1,127 
1,668 
1,663 
1,824 
1,232 
1,189 
3,163 
1,541 
i:077 
1,596 


633 

621 

1,378 

1,177 

772 

489 

1,775 

2,085 

709 

1,455 


943 

1,490 

1,446 

1,427 

1,012 

973 

2,618 

960 

925 

984 


546 
309 

1,346 
989 
747 
384 

1,524 

2,296 
506 

1,521 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


171 


Mn<!NESOT  A— Continued. 


President, 

U.  S. 

Sena-i 

Governor. 

1916. 

TOR,  1918. 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wll-    Hu 

Nel-   Cider 

Burn- 

Kv- 

son. 

gbes. 

son. 

wood. 

quiat. 

ans. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Nafl 

Rep. 

F.-L. 

Cass 

1.260 

982 

1,382 

622 

1,136 

396 

CMppewa... 

1,134 

1.311 

1.300 

1,285 

1,055 

1,296 

Chisago 

944 

1,749 

1.546 

1,142 

1,350 

1,078 

Clay 

1,-71& 

1,549 

1,906 

1.206 

1,346 

f,400  ■ 

Clearwater. . 

544 

493 

561 

557 

468 

554 

Cook 

162 

125 

276 

78 

231 

57 

Cottonwood . 

762 

1,425 

1.470 

717 

1,272 

733 

Crow  Wing.. 

1.568 

1,715 

1,853 

1,240 

1,443 

1,016 

Dakota 

2,373 

1,881 

2.631 

1,895 

1,728 

1,509 

Dodge 

895 

1.260 

1,432 

544 

1,235 

340 

D0Ugl."»3 .... 

1,398 

1,709 

1,285 

2,141 

1.133 

2,071 

Faribavilt.  .. 

1,123 

2,184 

2,546 

1,101 

2,425 

698 

Flllmoie 

1,313 

2,945 

3,589 

1,049 

3,197 

770 

Freeborn — 

1,347 

2,418 

2,925 

1,009 

2,447 

698 

Goodhue  — 

1,87.-) 

3,471 

3,765 

1,692 

3,124 

1,562 

Grant 

778 

878 

990 

763 

890 

695 

Hennepin. . . 

36,395 

27,957 

37,504 

21,752 

30.919 

13.638 

Houston 

744 

1,783 

1,796 

712 

1,663 

434 

Hubbard 

799 

685 

862 

340 

702 

278 

Isanti 

933 

1,'123 

900 

1,518 

710 

1,643 

Itasca  

1,504 

1,163 

1,874 

950 

1,627 

436 

Jackson 

1,272 

1,503 

1.777 

934 

1,396 

859 

Kanabec 

608 

776 

851 

748 

780 

731 

Kandiyohi .  . 

1,968 

l,ei2 

1,622 

2,221 

1,435 

2,069 

Kittson 

749 

709 

753 

807 

624 

777 

Koochiching. 

1,0S9 

474 

1,064 

616 

781 

584 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

1,047 

1,614 

1,756 

1,062 

1,481 

958 

Lake 

506 

401 

611 

587 

466 

248 

Le  Sueur 

1,723 

1,430 

2,110 

1,508 

1,486 

976 

Lincoln 

1,174 

777 

1,085 

806 

929 

731 

Lyon 

1,893 

1,389 

1,954 

1,083 

1,788 

1,032 

McLeod .... 

1,305 

1.772 

1.916 

1,518 

1,675 

1,535 

Mahnomen. . 

411 

262 

450 

408 

367 

364 

Marshall .... 

1,513 

1,461 

1.512 

1.560 

1,181 

1,566 

Martin 

1.756 

1,741 

2,537 

941 

2,193 

492 

Meeker 

1,475 

1,780 

1,841 

1.469 

1,547 

1,449 

Mille  Lacs. . 

1,113 

1,127 

1,203 

1.045 

1,095 

918 

Morrison.., . 

1,650J 

1,887 

1,916 

1,518 

1,509 

1,308 

Mower 

1,572 

2,520 

2,769 

1,109 

2,247 

896 

Murray 

1,193 

1,137 

1.455 

704 

1,250 

684 

Nicollet 

814 

1,288 

1,338 

1,063 

1,038 

1,107 

Nobles 

1,280 

1,413 

1.742 

882 

1,497 

791 

Norman. . . . 

1,076 

1,046 

1.220 

1,150 

1,087 

1,123 

Olmsted.  . . . 

1,926 

2.101 

2,692 

1.513 

2,376 

1,288 

Otter  Tall. . . 

2,858 

4,328 

3,996 

3.012 

3,298 

3,096 

Pennington. . 

1,00* 

868 

884 

1.163 

565 

1,138 

Pine 

1,507 

1,531 

1,622 

1,311 

1,398 

1,008 

Pipestone. . . 

732 

1,010 

1,150 

708 

1,103 

659 

Polk 

3,498 

2,471 

2,961 

2,363 

2,350 

2,106 

Pope 

1,121 

1,321 

1,498 

916 

1,312 

856 

Ramsey 

22,291 

13,317 

15,125 

13,632 

10,067 

9,963 

Red  Lake. . . 

694 

463 

475 

568 

292 

546 

Redwood . .  . 

1,361 

2,029 

2,051 

1,290 

1,845 

1,266 

Ren\'ille .... 

1,660 

2,432 

2,254 

2,143 

2,002 

2,145 

Rice 

2,083 

2,408 

2,938 

995 

2,460 

615 

Rock 

705 

1,196 

1,333 

443 

1,229 

387 

Roseau 

834 

821 

634 

1,110 

499 

1,040 

St.  Louis 

12,056 

10,834 

13,131 

7,532 

10,661 

3,571 

Scott 

1,361 

972 

1,357 

1,131 

807 

970 

Sherburne. . . 

731 

965 

1,146 

483 

1,025 

383 

Sibley 

973 

1,737 

1,424 

1,536 

1,001 

1,598 

Stearns 

3,350 

4,312 

3,951 

2,962 

2,647 

3,454 

Steele 

1,497 

1,734 

2,041 

936 

1,615 

517 

Stevens 

787 

943 

1,056 

606 

751 

499 

Swift 

1,181 

1,335 

1,272 

1,216 

1,011 

1,228 

Todd 

1,922 

1,919 

2,107 

1,820 

1.652 

1,871 

Traverse 

779 

774 

794 

592 

•     619 

493 

Wabasha 

1,449 

1,787 

1,951 

1,263 

1,525 

1,003 

Wadena .... 

651 

938 

941 

631 

764 

690 

Waseca 

1,178 

1,522 

1,656 

872 

1,297 

721 

Washington . 

1,610 

2,167 

2,168 

1,349 

i.6oa 

924 

Watonwan. . 

-      801 

i.SOi 

1,408 

691 

1,164 

676 

WUkin 

m 

m 

90S 

470 

669 

375 

Winona 

2.907 

2,916 

3.466 

1,818 

2,631 

1,377 

Wright 

2,262 

2,68; 

2.736 

1,69£ 

2,377 

1,312 

Yellow  Med. 

1,238     1,501 

1.489 

1,354 

1,159 

1,505 

Total . . . . . 

179,152  179,544 

206.555'l37,274 

166,515 

111.948 

MISSISSIPPI. 


Counties. 
(81.) 


?f  JUDICIARY. 

"  Supreme  "Court:  Chief  Justice.  Calvin  L.  Brown; 
Associate  Justices,  O.  L.  Bunn,  Oscar  Hallam, 
Andrew  Holt,  James  H.  Quinn;  Clerk,  I.  A.  Caswell. 


Adams 

Alcorn 

Amite. 

Attala. ..... 

Benton 

Bolivar 

Calhoun. . . . 

Carroll 

Chickasaw. . 
Choctaw.. . . 
Claiborne. . . 

Clarke 

Clay 

Coahoma. . . 

Copiah 

Covington.. . 
De  Soto .... 

Forrest 

Franklin 

George 

Greene 

Grenada. . . . 

Hancock 

Harrison .... 

Hinds 

Holmes 

Issaquena.. . 
Itawamba. . . 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jeflerson. . . . 
Jeff.  Davis. . 

Jones 

Kemper .... 
Lafayette.  . . 

Lamar 

Lauderdale. . 
Lawrence .  . . 

Leake 

Lee 

Leflore 

Lincoln 

Lowndes. . . . 
Madison. . . . 

Marion 

Marshall.. . . 

Monroe 

Montgomery 
Neshoba. . , 
Newton. .. . 
Noxubee. . . 
Oktibbeha. 
Panola.  .  .  . 
Pearl  River 

Perry 

Pike 

Pontotoc. 
Prentiss.-. . 
Quitman. . . 
Rankin. . . 

Scott , 

Sharkey .... 
Simpson .... 

Smith 

Stone 

Sunflower. . . 
Tallahatcliie. 

Tate 

Tippah 

Tishomingo. . 

Tunica 

Union 

Walthall 

Warren 

Wafhlngton. 

Wayne 

Webster .  .  . . 
Wilkinson  . . 
Winston .  .  . . 
Yalobusha. . 
Yazoo 


Pkesident, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


Total 


67! 
1,452 
1,024 
1,267 

718 


1,225 

943 

1.215 

87; 

435 

1,092 

832 

697 

1,486 

836 

861 

1,146 

769 

341 

399 

649 

612 

1,395 

2,220 

1,070 

94 

1,407 

743 

1,010 

456 

634 

1,664 

939 

1.370 

744 

3.058 

725 

1,434 

1,683 

853 

1,28: 

1,028 

782 

792 

1,017 

1,684 

997 

1,459 

1,311 

630 

911 

1,262 

521 

395 

1,451 

1,314 

1,342 

272 

1,104 

1,106 

216 

966 

1,271 

451 

879 

1061 

1,074 

1,547 

1,031 

173 

1,666 

665 

1,204 

836 

787 

944 

4G0 

1,152 

1,175 

1,146 


80,422 


Hu 

ghes, 
Rep. 


42 
12i 

16 
110 

38 


45 
34 
47 
53 
5 

49 
27 
21 
20 
63 
12 
54 
22 
32 
32 
28 
68 

197 

97 

21 

8 

184 
87 
S8 
3 
45 

196 
71 
47 
89 

157 
18 
31 
91 
28 

105 
2\l 
36 
51 
8 

82 
35 
69 
19 
10 
48 
29 
35 
32 
53 

110 

164 

12 

8 

25 

6 

34 

30 

31 

20 

6 

18 

82 

175 

89 
12 

73 
47 
47 

n;; 

8 
47 
49 
25 


Ben- 
son, 
,Soc. 

1 

12 

6 

27 


4,253 


34 

16 

40 

28 

1 

29 

1 

3 

7 

71 

1 

62 
6 

29 

4 

7 

2 

55 

20 

14 

3 

1 

22 

37 

1 

4 

220 

18 

1 

49 

85 

3 

28 


20 

8 

22 

5 

1 

15 
24 
4c 
56 
3 
1 

■  i 

23 
12 

•J 

32 
1 

12 

18 
2 
6 

16 
5 
2 


U.S. 

Sen. 


Will- 
iams, 
Dem. 


568 
1,290 

927 
1,286 

677 


1,013 

849 

1,143 

732 
384 
943 
820 
631 

1,341 
809 
831 

1,105 
626 
331 
341 
628 
473 

1,254 

2.279 

1,017 
83 

1,343 
637 
998 
420 
558 

1,562 
85r 

1,245 
718 

2,748 
606 

1,366 

1,636 
840 

1,158 
928 
746 
688 
956 

1,613 
840 

1,397 

1,251 
642 
869 

1,196 

46; 

354 

1,342 

1,230 

1,308 

238 

904 

1,012 

232 

872 

1,124 

388 

822 

1,010 

954 

1,465 

986 

168 

1.618 

690 

1.087 

784 

805 

765 

417 

1,055 

1.032 

1.070 


1,484    74,290    50,541 


Governor, 

1915. 


Bilbo. 
Dem. 

200 

929 

618 

1.231 

783 

349 

1,279 

533 

614 

845 

182 

900 

378 

253 

846 

1,015 

451 

•  598 

496 

292 

242 

185 

187 

461 

910 

474 

106 

777 

279 

677 

223 

461 

1,519 

1,099 

659 

580 

1,250 

464 

1,302 

1,350 

154 

743 

459 

26S 

630 

560 

845 

451 

1,391 

1,106 

279 

628 

575 

489 

210 

405 

1,020 

1,024 

100 

625 

746 

290 

1,060 

1,230 


300 
539 
417 
1.238 
482 
113 
956 
468 
321 
241 
688 
848 
411 
905 
549 
715 


Les- 
ter,- 

Soc. 


21 
71 
21 

107 
45 
14 
83 
70 
41 
35 
7 
74 
30 
21 
41 

147 
34 

143 
48 
29 
IS 
17 
22 
57 
56 
IS 
8 
48 
30 
33 
4 
26 

323 
59 
37 
41 

155 
26 
52 
75 
26 

114 
19 
43 
41 
51 
54 
41 

147 
59 
34 
56 
IS 
22 
12 
34 
34 

131 
9 
31 
13 
23 
99 

137 


26 
39 
34 
54 
42 
9 
54 
14 
27 
35 
36 
96 
31 
78 
37 
27 


4.064 


172 


Election   tieturns   by   States. 


MiSSOURI. 


COUNTIES. 
(115.) 


Adair 

Andrew. . . .  . 
Atchison. . .  . 
Audrain.  .  .  . 

Barry 

Barton 

Bates. ...... 

Benton 

Bollinger 

Boone 

Buchanan. . . 

Butler 

Caldwell. .  . . 
Callaway . .  . 
Camden .... 
CapeGir'rd'u 
Carroll .  . ,  .  . 

Carter 

Cas3 ....... 

Cedar 

Charlton 

Christian.  .  . 

Clark 

Clay 

Clinton 

Cole 

Coopor 

Crawford . . . 

Dade 

Dallas 

Daviess 

De  Kalb. . . . 

Dent 

Douglas .... 
Dunklin.  .  .  . 
Franklin.  .  .  . 
Gasconade . . 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Harrison. . .  . 

Henry 

Hickory .... 

Holt.  .- 

Howard.  .  .  . 

Howell 

Iron 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jefferson. . . . 

Johnson .... 

Knox. ...... 

Laclede.. . . . 

Lafayette. . . 
Lawrence.  . . 

Lewis 

IJncoln 

Linn 

Livingston.  . 
McDonald .  . 

Macon 

Madison. .  . . 

Maries 

Marion 

Mercer 

Miller 

Mississippi. . 
Moniteau. .  . 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

New  Madrid 
Newton . , , 
Nodaway . 
Oregon .  . . 
Osage .... 
Ozark .... 
Pemiscot, , 
Perry..... 

Pettis 

Phelps.... 

Pike 

Platte 


President, 
1916. 


WJl-,Hu 
eon,     ghes 
Dem .  I  Rep. 


2,275, 
1,853' 
1,697 
3,572 
2,753 
2,217 
3,255 
1,285 
1,.538 
5,601 
10,97; 
2,135 
1,68; 
3,882 

930 
2,993 
2,822 

586 
3,33 
1,410 
3,135 

938 
1,692 
3,902 
2,1.53 
2,915 
2,537 
1,312 
1.618 
1,022 
2,375 
1,647 
1,457 

737 
3,723 
2,168 

510 
2,<04 
7,191 
1,789 
2,205 
3,653 

552 
1,615 
2,866 
1,861 
1,027 
44,556 
10,513 
3,021 
3.701 
1,657 
1,755 
4,073 
2,809 
2,357 
2,463 
3,441 
2,609 
1,631 
3,805 
1,310 
1,319 
4,534 
1,042 
1,395 
1,874 
1,675 
3,738 
1,988 
1,368 
2,715 
3,158 
3,874 
1,799 
1,383 

651 
2,447 
1,396 
4,665 
1,887 
3,344 
2,974 


2,681 
2,087 
1,626 
1,741 
2,683 
1,597 
2,597 
1,842 
1,624 
2,180 
7,761 
2,717 
2,069 
2,009 
1,201 
3,753 
2,978 
469 
2,104 
1,874 
2,183 
1,978 
1,782 
1,30; 
1,551 
2,746 
2,830 
1,642 
1,911 
1,428 
2,342 
1,640 
1,252 
1,730 
1,924 
4,325 
2,513 
1,823 
7,543 
2,481 
2,741 
2,727 
1,144 
2,030 
1,121 
2,132 
874 
32,943 
9,358 
3,310 
.2,966 
1,460 
1,877 
4,019 
3.228 
1,429 
1,612 
2,801 
2,424 
1,414 
3,034 
1,230 
725 
2,759 
1,733 
1,862 
1,330 
1,748 
742 
2.079 
1,578 
2,039 
2,929 
3,540 
660 
1.769 
1,331 
2.076 
1,988 
4,319 
1,487 
2,322 
921 


U.  S.  Sena- 
Ton,  1916. 


Reed, 
Dem. 


2,267 
1,822 
1,680 
3.5: 
2,752 
2.196 
3,230 
1,277 
1,530 
5,570 
10,745 
2,139 
1.647 
?,870 
914 
3,020 
2,789 
584 
3,2R9 
1,482 
3,151 
916 
1.671 
3,830 
2,133 
2,94' 
2,539 
1,296 
1,588 
1,003 
2,?51 
1,618 
1,452 
742 
?,683 
2,488 
509 
2,384 
7,074 
1,750 
2,182 
3,591 
536 
1,582, 
2,; 
1.857 
1,031 
43,668 
10.385 
3,033 
3,665 
1,662 
1,742 
4,032 
2,805 
2,357 
2,610 
3,408 
2,571 
1,622 
3,741 
1,325 
1,321 
4.542 
1.031 
1.387 
1,864 
1,653 
3,7-43 
2,001 
1,357 
2,713 
3,136 
3,876 
1,789 
,  1,457 
629 
2.418 
1.401 
4,627 
r,873 
■  3,355 
' 2,954 


Dick- 
ey- 
Rep. 


2,703 

2,120 

1,658 

1,732 

2,694 

1,628 

2,642 

1,858 

1,631 

2,295 

8,036 

2,693 

2,095 

2,017 

1,274 

3,733 

3,012 

471 

2,143 

1,900 

2,169 

2,005 

1,805 

1,365 

1.590 

2.728 

2.821 

1,651 

1,959 

1,442 

2,367 

1,661 

1,255 

1,759 

1,934 

4,309 

2,521 

1,845 

7,587 

2,505 

2,794 

2,790 

1,164 

2,066 

1,141 

2.145 

871 

33,774 

9,498 

3,299 

2,990 

1,456 

1,890 

4,086 

3,259 

1.437 

1,672 

2,834 

2,463 

1.426 

3,083 

1,258 

728 

2,772 

1,747 

1,878 

1,326 

1,772 

738 

2,080 

1.682 

.  2,042 

2,941 

3.556 

663 

1,755 

J,354 

2.053 

1,988 

4.380 

1,500 

2,308 

;    936 


Governor, 
1916. 


Card' 

ner, 

Dem. 


2,178 
1,654 
1,504 
3,525 
2,672 
2,123 
3,127 
1,229 
1,511 
5.433 
7,979 
2,134 
1.53;! 
3,803 

924 
2,952 
2,709 

588 
3,215 
1,461 
3,0.j2 

892 
1,610 
3,749 
2,040 
2.821 
2,496 
1,313 
1„553 
1,020 
2,287 
1,497 
1,432 

749 
3,679 
2,469 

500 
2,241 
6.687 
1,565 
2,054 
3,556 

502 
1412 
2,822 
1,821 
1,020 
40,934 
10,119 
3.023 
3,590 
1,623 
1,718 
3,918 
2.751 
2,295 
2,563 
3,09! 
2,488 
•  1,609 
3,685 
1,305 
1,272 
4,405 

965 
1,337 
1,857 
1,625 
3,703 
1,967 
1,325 
2.706 
3.103 
3.683 
1.780 
1,444 

615 
2.404 
1,407 
4.129 
1,874 
3.308 
2.911 


La'ra. 
Rep. 

2,719 

2,237 

1,775 

1,774 

2.716 

1,625 

2,651 

1,891 

1,628 

2,302 

10,715 

2,690 

2,065 

2,054 

1,257 

3,796 

3,035 

465 

2,147 

1,901 

2,195 

2,005 

1,826 

1,362 

1,594 

2,818 

2,823 

1.631 

1,946 

1,420 

2.353 

1,723 

1,263 

1,755 

1,939 

4,303 

2.519 

1,899 

7,697 

2,498 

2.759 

2.789 

1.170 

2,211 

1.138 

2,163 

878 

36,072 

9,535 

3,303 

3,020 

1,474 

1.882 

4,075 

3,225 

1,442 

1,692 

2,999 

2,474 

1,424 

3,084 

1,251 

751 

2.869 

1,782 

1,904 

1.339 

1.781 

745 

2.077 

1,706 

2.033 

2.941 

3.654 

665 

1,749 

1,343 

2,081 

1,982 

4,857 

1,499 

2,338 

966 


MTS,SOURI — Continued. 


COUNTIES. 


Polk 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Rails 

Randolph . .  . 

Ray 

Reynolds . .  . 
Ripley ...... 

St.  Charles. . 
St.  Clair.  .  .  . 

St.  Francois. 
Ste.Geuev've 
St.  Louis. . 
St.  Louis  City 

Saline 

Schuyler. . . 
Scotland. . . 

Scott 

Shannon. .  . 

Shelby 

Stoddard. . . 

Stone 

Sullivan .  .  . 

Taney 

Texas 

Vernon.  .  .  . 
Warren. .  .  . 
Washington 
Wayne.  .  . . 
Webster .  . . 

Worth 

Wright.  .  . . 

Total 


PRE3.,.1916. 


Wil-  |Hu 
son,      ghes, 
Dem .    Rep. 


2,149 
1,339 
1,035 
1,994 
5.081 
3,.T 
1,209 
1,325 
1,914 
1,881 
3,675 
1,218 
7,587 
74,0.59 
4.503 
1.341 
1.592 
2,816 
1,213 
2,519 
3,274 

621 
2,446 

679 
2,291 
3,776 

187 
1,394 
1,594 
1.903 
1.079 
l.,593 


2.613 
1,003 
2.106 

826 
2,111 
1,718 

592 
1,053 
3,518 
1.718 
3.015 
1,137 
13,435 
83.798 
2,966 

995 
1,243 
2,285 

788 
1,195 
2,183 
1,525 
2,430 
1,123 
1,809 
2,211 
1,752 
1,657 
1,.528 
2,114 

892 
2.170 


UiS.SEN.1916    Gov..  1916, 


Reed, 
Dem. 


.Dick- 
ey. 
Rep 


2,126 
1,340 
1,031 
1,998 
5,058 
3,364 
1.210 
1,317 
1,978 
1,846 
3,663 
1.224 
7.446 
74,723 
4,475 
1.335 
1.578 
^,818 
1,210 
2,527 
3,271 

611 
2.434 

662 
2,286 
3,755 

509 
1,373 
1,.588 
1383 
1,075 
1,573 


398,032  369.339  396.166  371,710  382,355  380.092 


La'm, 
Rep. 

2,624 
1.008 
3.106 
823 
2,229 
1,787 
691 
1,051 
3,512 
1,766 
3,044 
1,1.33 
12,808 
83,939 
3.050 
1.011 
1.269 
2.298 
806 
1.226 
2.476 
1.536 
2.432 
1,142 
1.830 
2,277 
1.743 
1,672 
1,538 
2,120 
921 
2.191 


MONTANA. 


Counties. 
(41) 


Beaverhead  . 
Big  Horn  .  .  . 

Blaine 

Broadwater  . 

Carbon 

Cascade .  .  .  . 
Chouteau.  . . 

Custer 

Dawson . . . . 
Deer  Lodge. . 

Fallon 

Ferg\i8 

Flathead 

Gallatin .  .  .  . 

Granite 

Hill 

Jefferson . . .  . 
Lewis&Cl'ke 

Lincoln 

Madison . . .  . 

Meaf?her 

Mineral 

Missoula 

Musselshell. . 

Park 

Phillips 

Powell 

Prairie ...... 

Ravalli 

Richland 

Rosebud . . .  . 

Sanders 

Sheridan . . . , 
Silver  Bow.. 
Stillwater.  ,  . 
Sweet  Grass . 

Teton 

Toole 

Valley 

Wibau.x 

Yellowstone 


PRES.,  1916. 


Wil-  iHu 
son,     ghes, 
Dem.    Rep. 


1,463 

740 
1,201 
1,100 
1,926 
6,612 
2,738 
2,602 
2,815 
4,171 
1,845 
5.749 
2,978 
3,661 

812 
3.241 
1.124 
1,337 
1,186 
1.672 
■  1.482 

781 
4.060 
2,036 
2,050 
1,252 
1,310 

622 
1.967 
1.947 
1.608 
1,178 
3.264 
13.084 
1,197 

839 
2,273 
1.075 
2,102 

585 
4,259 


1,455 

497 

857 

584 

1,708 

3,25. 

1,486 

1,615 

2,105 

1.860 

1,169 

3,290 

2,913 

2,527 

574 

1,709 

:j2 

3,423 

807 

1.279 

1,158 

251 

2,926 

1,738 

1.957 

999 

939 

535 

1,623 

1.223 

1,337 

793 

1,724 

6,757 

918 

890 

1,603 

698 

1,111 

466 

3,281 


U.S.SeN.1916 


My- 
ers. 
Dem. 


1,3.55 

727 

997 

915 
1,618 
5,303 
2,125 
1,819 
2.264 
3,790 
1,402 
4,794 
2,987 
3,174 

715 
2,163 

982 
3,589 
1.064 
1,510 
1.273 

693 
3,984 
1,539 
1,691 

930 
1,116 

439 
2,172 
1,614 
1,308 
1,338 
2.543 
10.556 
1,121 

890 
1.803 

8.0 
1,864 

392 
3,827 


Pray 
Rep. 


TotaU....  101.063    66.750    So.SSO    72,753   85.683    76,547 


1,466 

470 
1,041 

642 
1,869 
3,874 
1.899 
1,939 
2.166 
2,019 
1,316 
3.740 
2,850 
2,710 

656 
2,342 

789 
3,882 

773 
1,386 
1,248 

261 
2.80O 
1.872 
2.206 
1,141 
1,069 

604 
1,499 
1,256 
1,466 

592 
1,988 
7,594 
1.013 

781 
1,883 

805 
1.084 

513 
3.210 


Gov.,  1916. 


Stew- 
art, 
Dem. 


1,498 

689 
l.OCO 

976 
1,813 
5,971 
2,289 
2,109 
2,748 
3,367 
1,690 
4.910 
2.644 
3,966 

642 
2,416 
1,007 
4,142 
1,016 
1,577 
1,258 

696 
2,604 
1,720 
1.870 
1,030 
1.233 

627 
1.377 
1,643 
1.573 
1.013 
2.756 
8,742 
1,148 

821 
1.910 

888 
1.612 

523 
4.159 


Ed- 
wards 
Rep. 

1,343 

546 
1,061 

686 
1,730 
3,235 
1.732 
1,884 
1.852 
2.634 
1.223 
3,875 
3.211 
2.110 

711 
2,371 

806 
3,654 

874 
1.359 
1.340 

3.30 
4.132 
1,827 
2.091 
1,114 
1.059 

489 
2.205 
1.407 
1,260 

861 

1.933 

10.021 

1,087 

865 
1.871 

767 
1.427 

475 
3,081 


Election  Uetwrns  by  States. 


173 


NEBRASKA. 


COUNTIBS. 
.      (93.) 

Adams 

Antelope. . . . 

Arthur 

Hanner 

ijlaine 

Boone 

Box  Butte. . . 

Boyd 

Brown 

Buffalo 

Burt 

Butler 

Cass ....... 

Cedar 

Chase 

Cherry 

Cheyenne. . . 

Clay 

Colfax 

Cuming....". 

Custer 

Dakota 

Dawes 

Dawson 

Deuel.  ...".. 

Dtxon 

Dodge 

Douglas . .  . . 

Dundy 

Fillmore . . . . 
Franklin . . . . 
Frontier . .  . . 

Furnas 

Gage 

Garden 

Garfield 

Gosper 

Grant 

Greeley 

Hall 

Hamilton . . . 

Harlan 

Hayes 

Hitchcock..  • 

Holt 

Hooker 

Howivrd 

Jetler.son . . . . 
Johnson. . . . 
Kearney.  . . . 

Keith 

Keya  Paha. , 
Kimball.  .  .  . 

Knox 

Lancaster. . . 

Lincoln 

Logan 

Loup 

McPherson. . 
Madison. . . . 
Merrick. . .  . 

Morrill 

Nance 

Nemaha 

Nuckolls 

Otoe 

Pawnee 

Perkins 

Phelps 

Pierce 

Platte 

Polk 

Red  Willow. 
Richardson. . 

Rock 

Saline 

Sarpy 

Saunders. . . . 
Scott's  BluH. 

Seward 

Sheridan... . 
Sherman. . . . 
Sioux 


President, 
1916. 

U.  8. 
TOR, 

Skna- 
1916. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Hitch 

Ken- 

son, 

ghes. 

cock. 

nedy, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

2,451 

Rep. 

2,274 

2,657 

2,041 

1,881 

1,495 

1,519 

1.866 

286 

143 

242 

145 

166 

142 

109 

172 

246 

184 

213 

205 

2,005 

1,225 

1,569 

1,644 

914 

591 

791 

636 

85? 

809 

830 

841 

901 

628 

730 

,  651 

2,877 

2,216 

2,555 

2,450 

1,425 

1,508 

1,298 

1,650 

2,332 

1,120 

2,136 

1,345 

2,595 

1.927 

2,337 

»,283 

1,715 

1,727 

1,957 

1,518 

551 

369 

427 

462 

1,734 

1.091 

1,521 

1,247 

834 

563 

841 

544 

1,975 

1,737 

1,772 

1,930 

1,628 

897 

1,570 

66G 

1,424 

1,551 

1,814 

1,149 

3,609 

2,047 

2,829 

2,812 

1,032 

612 

1,001 

628 

1,038 

751 

895 

919 

1,989 

1,444 

1.652 

1.710 

340 

181 

282 

229 

1,550 

1,208 

1.277 

1,250 

2,644 

2,446 

2,598 

2,358 

24,796 

14  557 

21 ,878 

17,56a 

370 

347 

425 

"    482 

1,911 

1,561 

1,778 

1,637 

1,345 

1,081 

1,355 

1,066 

1,138 

736 

917 

919 

1,607 

1,163 

1,29;' 

1.414 

3,385 

3,383 

3.483 

3,259 

598 

306 

5O0 

378 

426 

302 

336 

346 

617 

434 

598 

436 

241 

157 

215 

166 

1,289 

627 

1,070 

685 

2,483 

2,555 

2,441 

2,400 

1,816 

1,444 

1,577 

1.671 

1,267 

834 

1,054 

1,036 

282 

219 

302 

294 

733 

435 

605 

541 

2,213 

1,568 

2,078 

1,685 

218 

109 

184 

141 

1,695 

698 

1,507 

890 

1,841 

1,813 

1,683 

1,924 

1.117 

1,373 

1,880 

1,287 

1,396 

760 

1,101 

1,031 

544 

389 

497 

413 

401 

316 

334 

361 

?88 

223 

270 

327 

2,329 

1.910 

2,248 

1,978 

9.093 

7,042 

6,799 

9,043 

2,192 

1,309 

1,748 

1,749 

283 

172 

232 

207 

219 

164 

169 

193 

184 

106 

139 

139 

2.358 

2,428 

2,369 

2.327 

1,349 

1,178 

1,202 

1,319 

888 

470 

749 

597 

1,165 

930 

894 

1,188 

1,658 

1,438 

1,596 

1,498 

1.732 

1,411 

1,543 

1,590 

2,344 

2,121 

2,539 

1,885 

1,171 

1,228 

1,079 

1,363 

397 

210 

314 

280 

1,425 

971 

971 

1,403 

1,030 

1.228 

1,179 

1,0.30 

2,412 

1.918 

1,286 

1.551 

1,600 

1,060 

1,294 

1,284 

1,418 

977 

1,199 

1.123 

2,650 

2,039 

2,505 

2,228 

449 

375 

352 

456 

2,646 

1,469 

2,551 

.    1,629 

1,320 

885 

1,326 

932 

2.671 

1,957 

2,302 

2,329 

1,587 

1,144 

1,240 

1,413 

1.797 

J,855 

1,936 

1,685 

1,158 

604 

975 

718 

1,208 

706 

1,065 

836 

737 

344 

630 

421 

191G. 


Ne- 
ville, 
Dem. 

2,544 
1,38: 

285 

125 

209 

1,566 

777 

802 

695 

2..508 

1,165 

2,20: 

2,322 

1,819 

424 

1,507 

812 

1,725 

1,524 

1,774 

2,817 

972 

824 

1.763 

290 

1.158 

2,641 

22,124 

412 

1,789 

1,300 

902 

1,234 

3,396 

536 

335 

5i:i 
i;i;i 

1,204 

2,617 

1,547 

1,043 

326 

596 

1,993 

197 

1,577 

1,736 

1,223 

1,148 

567 

311 

297 

2,246 

7,076 

2,170 

260 

177 

144 

2,355 

1,214 

698 

890 

1.599 

1.538 

2.430 

1,103 

321 

943 

1.158 

2,738 

1,275 

1,179 

2,449 

314 

2,560 

1,321 

2,444 

1,193 

1,973 

956 

1,085 

585 


Sut- 
ton. 
Rep. 

2.304 

2,454 

145 

175 

233 

1,737 

732 

862 

731 

2,555 

1,838 

1,322 

2,390 

1,594 

515 

1,351 

603 

2,052 

908 

1,229 

3,177 

670 

1,002 

1,790 

241 

1,390 

2,445 

17,784 

519 

1,734 

1,143 

996 

1,393 

3,441 

365 

402 

543 

165 

717 

2,480 

1.765 

1,092 

285 

558 

1,846 

141 

854 

1,889 

1,302 

1,042 

402 

403 

321 

1.981 

9.257 

1,484 

209 

222 

160 

2.439 

1.380 

677 

1,237 

1.449 

1.636 

2,137 

1,373 

290 

1,475 

1.116 

1,616 

1,402 

1,164 

2,358 

524 

1,626 

988 

2,299 

1,498 

1,741 

817 

810 

487 


NEBRASKA 

— Continued. 

President, 

U.  8.  Sena- 

Governor, 

1916. 

tor,  1916. 

1916. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Hitch 

Ken- 

Ne- 

Sut- 

son, 

ghes. 

cock. 

nedy, 

ville. 

ton, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Stanton 

899 

736 

985 

642 

997 

C63 

Thayer 

1,581 

1.772 

1,704 

1,605 

1.771 

1,598 

Thomas .... 

261 

^244 

204 

185 

207 

204 

Thurston.  .  . 

1,2,55 

•717 

1,217 

862 

1.161 

919 

Valley 

1,388 

840 

1,088 

1,132 

1,109 

1,151 

Washington. 

1,55.-) 

1,297 

1,617 

1,266 

1,557 

1,373 

Wayne 

1,006 

1,208 

1,109 

1,137 

1,063 

1,193 

Webster .... 

1,469 

1,191 

1,244 

1,366 

1,233 

1,439 

Wheeler 

270 

163 

228 

221 

223 

233 

York... 

2.206 

2,011 

1,378 

2,220 

1,909 

2.849 

Total 

158,8J7 

117,771 

142,232 

131,059 

143,361 

137,701 

NEVADA. 


President, 

U.  S. 

Sen.^- 

GOVERNOR. 

1916.  • 

TOR, 

1918. 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Hnd- 

Rob- 

Boy 

Odd 

(16.) 

son, 

ches. 

erson. 

erts, 

le. 

le. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Churchill .  .  . 

831 

531 

501 

429 

581 

777 

Clark 

1,115 

529 

784 

■    280 

884 

492 

Douglas .... 

301 

a37 

307 

288 

254 

324 

Elko 

2.020 

1.072 

1,668 

431 

1.226 

1,056 

Esmeralda.  . 

1.135 

711 

468 

371 

515 

567 

Eureka 

263 

■239 

202 

134 

174 

215 

Humboldt.. . 

1,681 

1,004 

885 

627 

1,190 

812 

L.ander 

473 

322 

353 

223 

413 

328 

Lincoln 

634 

202 

354 

Ul 

432 

170 

Lyon 

769 

669 

575 

484 

643 

736 

Mineral 

617 

3S6 

270 

20! 

319 

312 

Nye 

1,601 

1,019 

1,123 

550 

1,120 

1.058 

Ormsby 

610 

534 

403 

498 

507 

460 

Storey 

465 

403 

326 

271 

398 

262 

Washoe 

3.341 

3,225 

2,463 

2,647 

2,615 

3.334 

White  Pine. . 

1,922 

948 

1,615 
13,197 

475 

1,604 

94J 

Total 

17,778 

12.131 

8,053 

12,875 

11,845 

NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 


President. 
1916. 

Governor, 
1916. 

COUNTIES. 
(10.) 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 
ghes, 
Rep. 

2,579 
2,259 
3,337 
2,762 
4,795 
9,927 
5,970 
5,866 
4,037 
2,193 

Ben- 
son, 
Soc, 

Hut- 
chins, 
Dem. 

Key 

63, 

Rep. 

Wil- 

klDS. 

Soc. 

Belknap .... 

Carroll 

Cheshire 

Cooa 

Grafton 

Hillsborough 
Merrimack , . 
Rockingham 

StraHord 

Sullivan .... 

2,310 
2,003 
2,779 
3,247 
4,644 
10,939 
5,967 
5.637 
4,040 
2.215 

62 

•     22 

121 

210 

49 
502 
160 
114 

49 

29 

2,112 

1,838 
2,274 
3,149 
4,003 
9,754 
6,443 
4,829 
3,011 
1,840 

2,697 
2,312 
3,459 
2,712 
5,230 
10,546 
6,170 
6,151 
4,234 
2.340 

60 

22 

114 

178 

47 

445 

152 

106 

49 

29 

Total 

43,781 

43.725 

1,318 

38.353 

45,851 

1,190 

NEW    JERSEY. 


Counties. 
(21.) 


Atlantic .  . . . 

Bergen 

Burlington . . 
Camden . . . . 
Cape  May .  . 
Cumberland, 

Essex 

Gloucester . . 

Hudson 

Hunterdon. . 

Mercer 

Middlesex... 
Monmouth. . 

Morris 

Ocean 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son. 
Dem, 


5,467 
11,530 

6,535 
14,010 

2,097 

4,573 
34,596 

3,745 
44,663 

4,462 
10,621 

9.975 
10.729 

6,798 

2,07C 


Hu 
ghes. 
Rep. 


9,713 
18,494 

8,803 
18,318 

2,904 

5,692 
54,167 
,  5,352 
42,518 

3,408 
14,213 
11,851 
11,624 

8,530 

3,386 


U.  S.  Sena- 
tor. 1918. 


La 

M'te, 
Dem. 


1,970 
8,496 
3,602 
6,162 
929 
1,945 

29,141 
2,226 

'38,774 
3,340 
7,886 
7,470 
7,474 
4,133 
991 


Edge, 
Rep. 


6,738 

13,076 
7.378 

16,438 
2,112 
4,592 

26,906 
4,715 

17,235 
2,890 

11,260 
7,961 
8.684 
6,651 
2,503 


Governor, 
1916. 


Witt- 
penn, 
Dem. 


4,387 
9.791 
5,651 

11,303 
1,553 
3,320 

26,067 
3,045 

42.412 
3,807 
9,409 
8.995 
9,376 
5,223 
1,376 


Edge, 
Rep. 

9,952 
14.693 

8,127 
17.632 

2,605 

5,109 
53,201 

4,828 
34,982 

3,176 
12,771 
10,816 
10,191 

8,361 

2,418 


174 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


NEW   JERSEY — Continued. 


Counties. 


Passaic.  . . 
Salem .... 
Somerset. . 
Sussex .... 
Union.  . . . 
Warren . . . 


Total. 


PUE.SIDENT 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


13,340 
3,353 
3,653 
3,093 

10,328 
5,074 


mi 

gties, 
Rep. 


18,754 
4,080 
4,707 
2,401 

16,705 
3,302 


U.    S.   SEN.i- 
TOU,  1918: 


La 
M'te, 
Dem. 


8,444 
1,821 
2,836 
2,1)^ 
8,507 
3,281 


Edge, 
Rep. 


13.280 
3,079 
3,495 
2,125 

11,465 
2,626 


211,018  268,982  151.454  175.209  177,696  247,343 


Governor, 
1916. 


Witt- 
pen  n, 
Dem. 


10,662 
2,565 
3,044 
2,415 
9,056 
4,239 


Edge, 
Rep. 


18,642 
3,471 
4.509 
2,470 

16,313 
3,076 


For  President,  1916,  Benson,  Soc,  received  10.405 
votes;  Hanly,  Proh.,  3,182;  Reimer,  Soc.  Lab.,  8.55. 

For  United  States  Senator.  1916,  Douglity,  Soc, 
received  13,358  votes;  Barbour,  Proh.,  7,178r  Katz, 
Soc.  Lab.,   1,826. 

NEW    MEXICO. 


President, 
1916. 

U.  S. 

TOR, 

Sbna- 
1916. 

Governor, 
1916. 

COU.NTIES. 
(26.) 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 

Bhes, 
Rep. 

Jones, 
Dem. 

Hub- 
bell, 
Rep. 

De 
Baca, 
Dem. 

2,353 

2,122 

1,981 

1,01! 

1,146 

1,383 

1,978 

1,205 

716 

756 

549 

l.OIO 

765 

1,411 

1.522 

1,081 

754 

566 

2,521 

1,492 

427 

1,310 

1,107 

665 

1,896 

405 

Bur' 

cum 

Rep 

Bernalillo. . . 

Chaves 

CoMax 

Curry 

Dofia  Ana... 

Eddy 

Grant 

Guadalupe . . 

Lincoln 

Luna 

McKinley. . . 

Mora 

Otero 

Quay 

Rio  Arriba .  . 
Roosevelt. .  . 
Sandoval. . . . 
San  Juan.  .  . 
Sau  r.liguel.. 

Santa  Fe 

.Slerrii 

Socor.o 

Taos 

ronance — 

\Jmcn 

Valencia 

2,394 

2,275 

2,006 

1,175 

1,078 

1,402 

2,305 

1,172 

863 

796 

550 

1,505 

824 

1,539 

1,528 

1,088 

734 

637 

2,231 

1,406 

493 

1,558 

910 

679 

1,996 

383 

2,71) 

862 

1,835 

355 

1,606 

425 

1,869 

1,067 

889 

418 

669 

1,590 

561 

598 

1,992 

230 

611 

385 

2,932 

1,830 

460 

1,954 

1,320 

9!8 

1,495 

1,540 

2,419 

2,327 

1984 

1,184 

1,128 

1,457 

2,451 

1,170 

853 

857 

585 

1,485 

821 

1,584 

1,434 

1,093 

735 

659 

2,228 

1,525 

498 

1605 

881 

698 

1,924 

397 

2,682 
836 

1,837 
330 

1,553 
396 

1,718 

1,070 
900 
367 
633 

1,595 
576 
599 

2,146 
228 
607 
359 

2,908 

1,709 
446 

1,883 

1,334 
920 

1,501 

1,526 

2,735 

952 

1,815 

493 

1,533 

435 

2,163 

1,023 

1,019 

459 

670 

1,463 

618 

727 

1,962 

232 

590 

439 

2,606 

1,745 

515 

2,199 

1,116 

937 

1,553 

1,525 

Total 

Jiallr'd  vote . 

33,.527 
166 

31,152 
11 

33,982 
161 

30,609 
13 

32,732 
143 

31,524 

28 

iU.   Y. 


STATE 
END 


AND    CITY    ELECTIONS   ARE   AT 
OF     THESE     TABLES.) 


NORTH    CAROLINA. 


PRESIDENT, 

u.  s. 

Sena- 

GOVEnNOR, 

19  ;6. 

TOR.  1914. 

1916. 

COUNTIES. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Over- 

Whi 

Bicif- 

Lln- 

(100.) 

son, 

ghea. 

man, 

tener. 

ett. 

ney. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Alamance. . . 

2,476 

2,278 

1,942 

1,528 

2  483 

2,292 

.\Iexander . . . 

954 

1,187 

.930 

1,139 

922 

1,208 

Alleghany... 

796 

641 

715 

503 

784 

616 

Alison 

2,046 

301 

865 

94 

2,047 

274 

Ashe 

1,898 

1,939 

1.817 

1,753 

1,889 

1,950 

Avery . . 

360 

1,1.58 

247 

919 

324 

1,283 

Beaufort 

1,957 

1,274 

1,149 

534 

1,949 

1,256 

Bertie . . 

1,461 

116 

w 

34 

1,475 

60 

Bladen 

1,261 

651 

957 

614 

1,269 

598 

Brunswick . . 

810 

989 

757 

826 

825 

981 

Buncombe. . 

4,229 

3,830 

3,751 

2,620 

4,487 

3,835 

Burke. ..... 

1,621 

1,474 

1,395 

1,247 

1,585 

1,484 

Cabarrus. . . . 

2,080 

2,314 

1,896 

2,039 

2,091 

2,308 

Caldwell. . . 

1,72.5 

1,659 

1,612 

1,461 

1,724 

1,707 

Camden. . . . 

368 

86 

140 

11 

374 

64 

Carteret.. . . 

1,165 

L246 

1,113 

582 

1,142 

1,263 

Caswell 

849 

338 

635 

115 

838 

342 

Catawba — 

2,569 

2,624 

2,186 

■2,380 

2,547 

2.685 

Chatham. . . 

1.839 

1,501 

1.589 

1,172 

1.813 

1,511 

NORTH   CAROLINA— CoTKuiMed. 


Counties. 


Clierokee.  .  . 
Chowan .... 

Clay 

Clevelimd . . . 
Columbus. . . 

Craven 

Cumberland 
Currituck.  .  . 

Dare 

Davidson .  .  . 

Davie 

Duplin 

Durham .... 
Edgecombe. . 

For.syth 

Franklin. .  .  . 

Gaston 

Gates 

Graham .... 
Granville. .  . 

Greene 

Guilford .... 

Halifax 

Harnett 

Haywood.  .  . 
Henderson . . 
Hertford .... 

Holje 

Hyde 

Iredell 

Jackson 

Johnston. . . . 

Jones 

Lee 

Lenoir 

Lincoln 

Macon 

Madison. . . . 

Martin 

McDowell.. . 
Mecklenburg 

Mitchell 

Montgomery 

Moore 

Nash 

N'wHanover 
Northam'ton 

Onslow 

Orange 

Pamlico.  .  .  . 
Pasquotank . 

Pender 

Perquimans . 

Person 

Pitt 

Polk 

Randolph . .  . 
Richmond.. . 
Robeson.  .  .  . 
Rockingham 

Rowan 

Suthertord.  . 
Sampson. . . . 
Scotland. . .  . 

Stanly 

Stokes 

Surry 

Swain 

Transylvania 
Tyrrell .... 

Union 

Vance 

Wake 

Warren. .  .  . 
Washington 
Watauga. . 
Wayne.  .  .  . 

Wilkes 

Wilson 

Yadkin 

Yancey .... 


PRESIDENT 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


Hu 

ghea 
Rep. 


1,362 

1,363 

610 

91 

400 

45; 

2,764 

1,497 

2,14:) 

1,337 

1,780 

542 

1.971 

1,217 

945 

87 

47(! 

363 

2,675 

2,80] 

910 

1,245 

1,824 

1,527 

2,463 

1,837 

2,028 

135 

4,115 

3,585 

2,057 

396 

3,019 

2,542 

826 

SOS 

476 

460 

1.713 

648 

l.OBB 

294 

4.616 

3.67C 

2,312 

299 

1,992 

1,603 

Z,403 

1,523 

1,166 

1,795 

977 

209 

78(1 

110 

840 

277 

3,335 

2,07! 

1.306 

1,288 

3,468 

2,857 

712 

233 

1,054 

573 

1,666 

667 

l.i)21 

1.369 

1,146 

1,069 

972 

1,965 

1,472 

281 

1,274 

1,218 

4,508 

1,257 

462 

1,298 

1  222 

1,196 

1,337 

1  047 

2,1H» 

826 

2,:j35 

492 

1,518 

45 

1,197 

785 

1,230 

1,158 

710 

527 

1,177 

270 

970 

400 

645 

288 

953 

917 

2,B39 

719 

679 

750 

2,747 

3,031 

1.553 

650 

2,894 

1453 

2.316 

1,957 

3,053 

2,320 

2,445 

1,871 

1.369 

2.727 

938 

137 

2.110 

1,941 

1.569 

l,a52 

2,029 

2,977 

829 

1,128 

821 

841 

416 

392 

2,662 

702 

1,451 

558 

4,627 

2,461 

1,217 

227 

651 

486 

1,141 

1,352 

2.62n 

1,446 

1.632 

3,470 

2,U52 

730 

879 

1,721 

1,273 

1,082 

U.  3.  Sena- 
tor, 1914. 


Over- 
man, 
Dem. 


329 

357 

1,960 

1,592 

839 

1,298 

687 

314 

2,271 

770 

1,403 

1,455 

892 

3,327 

953 

2,070 

598 

440 

1,137 

622 

2,555 

1,058 

1,391 

1.958 

1,002 

418 

444 

233 

2,814 

1,159 

3,504 

333 

850 

919 

1,213 

944 

822 

779 

1,124 

3.322 

419 

1,149 

1,209 

1,010 

808 

873 

719 

963 

414 

450 

782 

586 

871 

1.B80 

648 

2,332 

1,202 

1.823 

1,748 

2,265 

1,928 

1,020 

394 

1,691 

1,307 

1,906 

701 

693 

356 

992 

1,048 

3,553 

1,161 

602 

1,083 

1,876 

1,634 

827 

699 

1,196 


Total 168,383  120,890  121,342    87,101  167.761  120.157 


Whi 

tener 

Rep. 


Governor, 
1916. 


1.129 

2 

406 

1,064 
579 
129 
891 
18 
288 

2,349 

1.1 

1.122 
571 
53 

2.977 
128 

1,605 
156 
397 
183 
160 

1,461 
•  26 

1,576 

1,174 

1,523 
39 
34 
31 

1,6)3 

1,054 

2.212 

79 

560 

320 

1,134 
930 

1,441 
125 

1.003 

l.O'M 
930 

1,027 

854 

208 

50 

15 

390 

e.'>o 

146 

100 

232 

308 

653 

242 

664 

2,183 

132 

527 

1,30J6 

1,689 

1,724 

2,638 

32 

1.640 

1.613 

2,768 

1,011 

697 

372 

322 

214 

980 

B8 

451 

1,150 

1,226 

2,811 

276 

1,31(1 

1,006 


Bick- 
ett, 
Dem 


1,003 

604 

398 

2,705 

2,192 

1,787 

1,996 

921 

458 

2,617 

901 

1,836 

2„505 

2,018 

4,108 

2,092 

3,019 

800 

175 

1,702 

1,062 

4,588 

2.337 

1,979 

2;376 

1.154 

967 

792 

794 

3.290 

1.302 

3,227 

705 

1,049 

1,696 

1,502 

1,126 

941 

1,460 

1.268 

4,403 

462 

1.225 

1,361 

2,174 

2,499 

1,462 

1,144 

1,213 

700 

1,168 

973 

631 

937 

2,762 

683 

2.761 

1,606 

3,068 

2,288 

3,001 

2,432 

1,326 

9,4 

2,105 

1,543 

2,022 

794 

821 

410 

2,758 

1,459 

4,719 

1,279 

651 

1.134 

2,627 

1,595 

2,050 

858 

1,263 


Lin- 
ney. 
Rep. 

1,361 

80 

461 

1,469 

1,245 

507 

1,173 

72 

375 

2,814 

1,259 

1,516 

1,786 

117 

3,629 

381 

2,531 

287 

460 

642 

286 

3,643 

246 

1,624 

1,526 

1,794 

178 

284 

85 

2,076 

1,293 

2,916 

231 

.581 

653 

I, .386 

1,053 

1,991 

270 

1,234 

1,163 

1,297 

1.188 

1,029 

826 

251 

30 

804 

1,159 

530 

229 

353 

286 

929 

740 

743 

3,037 

593 

1,435 

1,978 

2,451 

1,871 

2,7.58 

161 

1,945 

1,871 

2,982 

1,142 

836 

38S 

635 

537 

2,298 

133 

486 

1,38J 

1,425 

3,471 

676 

1,738 

1,101 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


175 


NORTH 

DAKOTA. 

1 

PREaiDBNy, 

U.   S.   SENA- 

Governor, 

1916. 

TOR,  1916. 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

M'Cum 

Fra- 

(52), 

son, 

ghes, 

Biuke 

her. 

zler, 

Doyle 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem 

Rep. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Adama 

532 

469 

285 

585 

569 

322 

Barnes 

1,678 

1,467 

1,220 

1,576 

1,715 

1,114 

Benson 

922 

I.ZIQ 

636 

l,29f 

1,089 

702 

BWiugs 

276 

306 

157 

353 

265 

118 

Bottineau. . . 

1,171 

1,294 

1.023 

1,366 

1,676 

788 

Bowman .... 

685 

374 

481 

182 

650 

373 

Burke 

922 

518 

504 

669 

865 

424 

Burleigh.  .  .  . 

1,267 

1.182 

862 

1,415 

1,431 

1.096 

Cass 

3,303 

3,093 

2.860 

3,109 

2,150 

2,882 

Cavalier .... 

1,149 

1,502 

964 

1,461 

1,009 

1.056 

Dickey 

920 

,  1,037 

776 

1,080 

989 

766 

Divide 

950 

707 

585 

813 

820 

369 

Dunn 

1,028 

566 

604 

779 

822 

418 

Eddy 

650 

605 

191 

545 

644 

302 

Emmons. . . . 

609 

1,090 

595 

988 

719 

352 

Foster 

662 

549 

522 

597 

680 

491 

Golden  Val'y 

697 

499 

450 

592 

414 

574 

Grand  Forks 

2,814 

2,159 

2,155 

2,397 

1,814 

2.259 

'Griggs 

668 

521 

451 

583 

777 

360 

Hettinger. . . 

661 

856 

409 

919 

652 

402 

Kidder 

650 

601 

346 

709 

904 

314 

La  Moure.. . 

990 

1.015 

863 

953 

1,387 

562 

Logan 

260 

,      567 

158 

648 

411 

88 

McHenry. . . 

1,456 

1,394 

1,045 

1,178 

1,740 

728 

Mcintosh. . . 

270 

950 

215 

975 

650 

161 

McKenzle. . . 

1,316 

692 

767 

904 

1,184 

465 

McLean .... 

1,210 

1,054 

790 

1,24S 

1,458 

936 

Mercer 

353 

730 

249 

824 

690 

236 

Morton 

1,835 

2,785 

1,421 

2,889 

1,488 

846 

Mountrail. . . 

1,262 

740 

807 

917 

1,341 

480 

Nelson 

861 

1,013 

586 

1,154 

929 

633 

Oliver 

327 

346 

167 

344 

457 

121 

Pembina 

1,400 

1,469 

974 

1,601 

1,022 

1,242 

Pierce 

789 

703 

712 

703 

829 

477 

Ramsey .... 

1,331 

1,160 

1,144 

1,193 

978 

980 

Ransom 

1,121 

1,093 

774 

1,195 

1,128 

528 

Renville.  .  . . 

1,012 

532 

759 

636 

959 

277 

Richland 

1,772 

2,097 

1,571 

2,198 

1,581 

1,440 

Rolette 

762 

600 

670 

585 

831 

437 

Sargent 

868 

1,050 

661 

1,126 

873 

808 

Sheridan 

310 

807 

201 

852 

674 

171 

Sfoux 

200 

232 

105 

294 

262 

284 

Slope 

867 

516 

480 

660 

525 

305 

Stark 

953 

1,409 

809 

1,377 

822 

831 

Steele 

515 

676 

385 

664 

870 

422 

Stutsman .  . . 

1,866 

1,614 

1,482 

1.772 

1,672 

1,242 

Townor 

769 

665 

608 

718 

753 

422 

Traill 

664 

1,423 

443 

1,477 

1.104 

900 

Walsh 

2,003 

1,670 

1,556 

1.836 

1,514 

1,641 

Ward 

2,791 

1,743 

2,248 

1,924 

2,049 

1,697 

Wells 

810 

1,226 

623 

1,265 

1,134 

638 

Williams 

1,769 

903 

1.339 

988 

1,580 

861 

•    Total 

55,206 

53,471 

40,988 

67,714 

54,517 

36,733 

omo— Continued. 


Counties. 


OHIO. 

President, 

U.  S. 

Sbna- 

Governor, 

1916. 

tor. 

1916. 

1918. 

Counties. 

wu- 

Hu 

Pom- 

Her- 

Wii: 

(88.) 

Bon, 

ghea. 

erene. 

rick. 

Cox. 

lis. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Adams 

2,887 

2,819 

2,783 

2,893 

2.309 

2,760 

Allen 

7.905 

5,713 

7,403 

5,961 

5,613 

5,058 

Ashland .... 

4.000 

2,534 

3,908 

2,581 

3.150 

2,557 

Ashtabula. . . 

5,306 

6.608 

5.022 

6,859 

3.765 

6,611 

Athens 

4,101 

6,554 

3,773 

5,556 

3,525 

4,896 

Auglaize. .  . . 

4.124 

2,763 

4,084 

2,783 

2,902 

2.734 

Belmont 

7,911 

7,526 

7,465 

7,462 

7.134 

6.980 

Brown 

3,959 

2,227 

3,743 

2,291 

3.067 

1,868 

Butler 

10,806 

5,850 

10,438 

6,048 

9,045 

5,606 

Carroll 

1,672 

2,086 

1,567 

2,157 

1.153 

2,150 

Chanipaigu.. 

3,338 

3,695 

3,233 

3,752 

2.513 

3,309 

Clark 

8,848 

8,715 

8,418 

8,840 

6,707 

7.813 

Clermont .  . . 

4.247 

3,549 

4,127 

3,637 

3,522 

3,082 

Clinton..  .    . 

2,602 

3.620 

2,475 

3,611 

2.053 

3,074 

Columbiana. 

7,788 

8.118 

7,333 

8.231 

6,146 

7,393 

Coshocton. . . 

4,269 

2,831 

4.198 

2,988 

3,273 

3,118 

Crawford .  . . 

6,014 

2,673 

5.784 

2,835 

4.289 

3,552 

Cuyahoga. .. 

71,533 

51,287 

63.676 

55.519 

62.036 

45,705 

Darke 

6,I8« 

4,322 

5.887 

4,547 

4.414 

4,812 

Defiance 

3,359 

2,565 

3.277 

2,699 

2,601 

2.779 

Delaware . . . 

■3.734 

3.461 

3;5U 

3.672 

2.611 

3.666 

Erie 

Fairfield 

Fayette 

Franklin. , . . 

Fulton 

Gallia 

Geauga 

Greene 

Guernsey.  . , 
Hamilton. . . 
Hancock.. , . 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Highland .  . . 
Hocking .... 

Holmes 

Huron 

Jackson 

Jefferson. . . . 

Knox 

Lake 

Lawrence .  . . 

Licking 

Logan 

Lorain 

Lucas 

Madison. . 
Mahoning. 
Marlon . . . 
Medina. . . 
Meigs .... 
Mercer .  . . 

Miami 

Monroe. .. 
Montgomery 

Morgan 

Morrow .... 
Muskingum. 

Noble 

Ottawa 

Paulding 

Perry 

Pickaway . . . 

Pike 

Portage 

Preble 

Putnam .... 

Richland 

Ross 

Sandusky. . . 

Scioto 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Stark 

Summit 

Trumbull .  . 
Tuscarawas.. 

Union 

Van  Wert. . . 
Vinton .  .    . . 

Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Williams .... 

Wood 

Wyandot . .  . 

Total 


President, 

1916. 


WU- 

BOn. 

Dem. 


5,152 
6,172 
2.616 

34.103 
2.507 
2.577 
1.215 
2,913 
4.312 

51.990 
5,416 
4.304 
1,911 
3,252 
3,964 
2,907 
2.846 
4.136 
2,922 
5,250 
4,578 
2,596 
2,821 
8,183 
3,483 
7.658 

30,779 
2,667 

13,013 
5,273 
2 ' — 
2;628 
3,803 
5,582 

3,; 

24,339 
1,833 
2,345 
6,328 
2,175 
3,347 
2,313 
3,860 
3,820 
2,091 
4,269 
3,387 
4,294 
6,985 
5,154 
5,264 
4,808 
6,451 
3,801 
15,316 
19,343 
6,091 
7,608 
2,747 
3,753 
1,433 
2,937 
5,267 
5,930 
3,552 
5,796 
3,250 


Hu- 
ghes, 
Rep. 

4,170 
3.380 
2.772 
24.107 
2.933 
2,860 
1,B06 
4,458 
4.228 
64,030 
4.268 
4.119 
2,517 
2.482 
3,72: 
2,357 
955 
4,048 
3,116 
6,638 
3,646 
2,887 
4.363 
5,935 
4,345 
6,868 
16,711 
2,809 
11,256 
4,261 
2,754 
3,184 
2,065 
5,772 
1,504 
19,683 
2,136 
2,062 
7.597 
2,290 
1,793 
2,647 
3,953 
2,629 
1,616 
3,142 
2,881 
2,243 
4.886 
4,857 
3,557 
6,356 
4.301 
2,352 
14.159 
11,593 
6.167 
5,401 
3,187 
3,802 
1,420 
3,610 
4,745 
3,676 
3,132 
5,034 
2.078 


U.  S.  Sena- 
toiu  1916. 


Pom- 
erene, 
Dem 

5.022 
6, 
2,511 
31,776 
2,311 
2,143 
1,232 
2,734 
4,031 
51,428 
5,209 
4,218 
1,825 
3,038 
3,863 
2,676 
2.823 
3.844 
2.696 
4,291 
4.274 
2,276 
2,763 
7.788 
3.289 
6,966 
27.960 
2.576 
11.722 
6,119 
2,779 
2,480 
3,735 
5,351 
3,229 
23.243 
1.759 
2.187 
6.099 
2.105 
3.250 
2.260 
3.668 
3,684 
2,025 
4,055 
3.280 
4.271 
6.667 
5.024 
4.960 
4,694 
6,210 
3,729 
15,352 
18,141 
5,693 
7,280 
2,582 
3,688 
1.378 
2,786 
5,119 
5,705 
3,388 
5.386 
3,190 


Her- 
rick, 
Rep. 


4.341 
3.591 
2.835 
25,907 
3,139 
2,962 
1,929 
4,560 
4,455 
64.249 
4.461 
4.231 
2,546 
2,625 
3,814 
2,573 
990 
4.296 
3,220 
6,681 
3,818 
3,063 
4.348 
6.194 
4,487 
7.353 
18.729 
2.885 
12.215 
4.405 
2.983 
3.372 
2.072 
5.935 
■  1.512 
19.648 
2.188 
2.216 
7,729 
2,350 
1,826 
2,682 
4,129 
2,698 
.  1.644 
3.311 
3.019 
2.295 
6,175 
4.932 
3.824 
6.440 
4.518 
2.389 
14.039 
12.481 
6.581 
5.590 
3.349 
3.843 
1.463 
3.704 
4.830 
3,885 
3.266 
5.473 
2.139 


Governor, 

1918. 


Cox, 
Dem. 


604,361  514.958  570.868  535.346  486,403  474,459 


4,253 
4,420 
1,949 
25,664 
1,562 
1,514 
939 
.2,133 
3,761 
56,618 
3.826 
3,165 
1.18' 
2,356 
3,044 
2.403 
2,015 
2.871 
2.344 
4.647 
3,458 
1,722 
1,903 
6.236 
2.560 
5.806 

24.360 
2.091 
9.621 
3.596 
2,149 
2.073 
2,813 
4,120 
2,247 

20,782 
1,432 
1,674 
5,641 
1,614 
2,231 
1.712 
3,416 
2.861 
1.659 
3.369 
2.523 
2,932 
5,154 
3.820 
3,733 
4,850 
4,807 
3,129 

11,519 

15.195 
4.473 
5,736 
1,962 
2,856 
1.143 
2.425 
3,573 
4.174 
2.531 
3.699 
2,624 


wa- 
lls. 

Rep. 


3.839 

3.715 

2.666 

21.361 

2.993 

2.587 

1.584 

3,988 

3.970 

40.048 

4.604 

4,084 

2,624 

2,712 

3,480 

2.140 

1.149 

4,389 

2.687 

5.679 

3.657 

2.761 

3.247 

5.312 

4,128 

6,882 

16,638 

2,635 

10,754 

4.264 

3.212 

2.883 

2.377 

5.846 

1.417 

18.261 

2,078 

2.347 

6.276 

2.160 

1.900 

2.498 

3.879 

2.644 

1.360 

3,442 

3,14! 

2.613 

5.444 

4.432 

4.039 

5.166 

4,297 

2,705 

13,383 

12,604 

6.463 

5.737 

3.118 

3,640 

1,291 

3,084 

4,949 

4,331 

3,440 

5,385 

2.132 


OKLAHOMA. 


President. 

Governor. 

1916. 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Ben- 

Han- 

Rob- 

Mc- 

(77.) 

son, 

ghes. 

son, 

ly. 

erts' n 

K'ver 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Proh. 

Dem. 

Rep, 

Adair 

1.190 

1.010 

212 

-7 

1.019 

923 

AUalta 

1.390 

1.378 

471 

69 

892 

,  ,393 
,037 

Atoka 

nil 

925 

524 

10 

1,346 

Baever 

917 

433 

43 

878 

978 

Beekhara .  . . 

1,850 

527 

889 

8 

1,253 

600 

Blaine 

I    1.214 

1,339 

678 

37 

831 

1.242 

176 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


OKLAHOMA — CaiUinued. 


PIVESIDENT, 

Governor. 

1916. 

1918. 

COUNTIES. 

WU- 

Bu 

Ben- 

Han- 

Rob- 

Mc- 

son. 

ghes. 

son, 

ly 

erts' n 

K'ver 

Dem. 

Hep. 

Soc. 

Proh. 

Dem. 

2,234 

Rep. 

Bryan 

2.974 

1,267 

757 

8 

609 

Caddo 

3V735 

2.272 

1,112 

58 

1,949 

2,309 

Canadian . . . 

2,200 

1,590 

422 

43 

* 

* 

Carter 

2.949 

1,013 

935 

6 

2,083 

639 

Cherokee.  . . 

1.594 

1.379 

273 

8 

1,256 

1,246 

Choctaw. . . . 

1.945 

957 

614 

11 

1,097 

356 

Cimarron .  . . 

387 

238 

138 

8 

373 

289 

Cleveland. . . 

1,753 

885 

579 

18 

1,323 

625 

Coal 

M18 

824 

566 

18 

1,033 

454 

Comanche. . . 

2,130 

1,221 

790 

2U 

1,374 

968 

1,500 

685 

366 

6 

Craig 

Creek 

1.901 

1,647 

189 

6 

1,459 

1,276 

3.496 

2,820 

1,281 

32 

2,776 

2,422 

Custer 

1,771 

1,507 

595 

41 

1,031 

1,181 

Delaware. . . 

1,223 

837 

221 

7 

1,021 

817 

Dewey 

992 

796 

891 

27 

643 

794 

Ellis 

960 

983 

590 

28 

494 

835 

Garfield.. . . 

2,347 

2,854 

632 

67 

1,998 

651 

Garvin 

2,697 

804 

1,001 

19 

1,798 

.651 

Grady 

3.243 

1,272 

819 

18 

2,231 

810 

Grant 

1.699 

1,513 

294 

73 

1,091 

1,449 

Greer 

1,675 

365 

480 

4 

* 

* 

Harmon .... 

1,091 

147 

255 

2 

766 

140 

Harper 

798 

662 

408 

15 

482 

647 

Haskell 

1,486 

976 

477 

5 

1,108 

774 

Hughes 

2,187 

1;219 

791 

2 

1,591 

902 

Jacltson 

2,096 

409 

684 

13 

1,392 

364 

JeRersoD.. . . 

1,739 

493 

621 

8 

1,079 

389 

Johnston. .  . 

1.724 

756 

67! 

5 

1,044 

630 

Kay 

2,340 

2,482 

373 

115 

1,682 

2,274 

Kingfisher. . . 

1,364 

1,728 

417 

25 

791 

1,527 

Kiowa 

2,279 

1,017 

1.101 

25 

1,216 

1,121 

I.atimer .... 

950 

663 

330 

10 

746 

539 

Le  Flore. . . . 

2,576 

1.940 

641 

10 

2,101 

1,630 

Lincoln 

2.258 

3,387 

1.097 

31 

1,555 

2,461 

Logan 

1.701 

2,270 

552 

63 

1,275 

1,933 

Love 

1,125 

266 

364 

2 

856 

159 

McClain 

1,541 

680 

492 

2 

994 

469 

McCurtaln.. 

1.763 

795 

643 

9 

955 

305 

Mcintosh.. . 

1,743 

896 

552 

8 

1,185 

725 

Major 

762 

946 

636 

33 

474 

863 

Marshall — 

1,3.52 

449 

e:3 

5 

841 

365 

Mayes 

1.574 

1,229 

226 

1,127 

955 

Murray 

1,305 

458 

350 

6 

903 

336 

Muskogee. . . 

4,004 

2,532 

324 

14 

2,692 

1,473 

Noble 

1,346 

1.243 

214 

20 

916 

1,239 

Nowata 

1,355 

1,822 

178 

7 

933 

1,180 

Okfuskee — 

1.337 

660 

573 

8 

887 

557 

Oklahoma. . . 

7,971 

5,291 

1.215 

77 

5,461 

4,332 

Okmulgee. . . 

2,406 

1.860 

754 

15 

1,809 

1,550 

Osage 

2,052 

1.527 

420 

8 

1,443 

1,184 

Ottawa 

1,875 

1,642 

215 

13 

2,222 

1,808 

Pawnee 

1,491 

1,396 

528 

33 

1,123 

1,205 

Payne 

2,140 

1,767 

833 

60 

1,484 

1,808 

Pittsburg . . . 

3,441 

1,914 

886 

22 

2,602 

1,222 

Pontotoc 

2,418 

911 

936 

16 

1,785 

567 

Potta'atomle 

3.276 

2»042 

1,119 

29 

* 

* 

Pushmataha. 

1.059 

645 

449 

4 

793 

534 

Roger  Mills. 

1,148 

538 

565 

7 

696 

516 

Rogers 

1,900 

1.435 

531 

16 

1,425 

1,190 

Seminole 

1,444 

872 

921 

11 

1,151 

987 

Sequoyah . . . 

1,632 

1,179 

515 

8 

1,395 

1,082 

Stephens 

2,343 

607 

1,077 

17 

1,337 

461 

Texas 

1,349 

807 

295 

17 

947 

743 

Tillman 

2,250 

625 

367 

14 

1,203 

360 

Tulsa 

4,497 

3,857 

849 

31 

* 

* 

Wagoner 

1,040 

799 

299 

3 

820 

595 

Waslilngton. 

1,839 

1,727 

317 

41 

1,130 

1,227 

Wasliita 

2,107 

958 

703 

15 

1,304 

580 

Woods 

1,417 

1,358 

473 

51 

936 

1,365 

Woodward . . 

1,130 

1,092 

605 

36 

842      1,076 

Total 

148,115 

98,299 

45,212 

1,675 

94,994    72,903 

OREGON. 


*  Have  not  received  official  returns. 
For  Governor,  1918 — Patrick  S.  Nagle,  Soc.,  6,888. 

VOTE    OP   THE   STATE   SINCE    1907. 

Dem.     Rep.'    Prog.    Soc.    Plu. 
137,641   110,296    .....     9,303  27,345  D 

122,363  110,474 21.73*  11,889  D 

120,218    99,527    20,691  D 

119,156  *90,786   42,262  28,370  D 

Prohibition  vote  for  President — 1912.  2,185. 

•  Roosevelt  vote  Included   in   Taft's;   Roosevelt 
electors  not  on  ballot. 


1907.  Governor. . 

1908.  President.. 
1910.  Governor.. 
1512.  President. 


President, 

Governor, 

1916. 

1918. 

COUNTIES, 

Wil- 

iHu 

Ben- 

Han- 

Wit'y 

(35.) 

son, 

ghes. 

son, 

ly. 

Pierce 

com'e 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Proh. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Baker 

3,897 

2,541 

324 

69 

1,694 

2,147 

Benton 

2,488 

2,902 

120 

207 

1,135 

1,917 

Clakamas. . . 

5,334 

6,349 

556 

222 

3,312 

3,674 

Clatsop 

2,239 

2,568 

320 

65 

993 

2,125 

Columbia. . . 

1,451 

2,023 

182 

92 

933 

1,201 

Coos 

3,352 

3,209 

708 

74 

1,604 

2,293 

Crook 

2,699 

1,675 

209 

38 

617 

548 

Curry 

512 

541 

118 

8 

224 

461 

Douglas .... 

3,679 

3,923 

420 

117 

1,732 

2,414 

Gilliam 

870 

557 

25 

17 

323 

563 

Grant 

1,210 

941 

145 

17 

445 

765 

Harney 

Hood  River . 

1,239 

872 

189 

22 

487 

342 

1,188 

1,314 

158 

58 

624 

870 

Jackson 

4,874 

3,538 

321 

230 

2,416 

2,554 

Jefferson  . .  . 

904 

581 

62 

60 

380 

419 

Josephine. . . 

1,656 

1,660 

230 

42 

680 

1,133 

Klamath 

1,853 

1,631 

170 

18 

649 

1,165 

Lake 

971 

793 

98 

27 

361 

499 

Lane 

5,880 

7,253 

607 

261 

2,673 

4,666 

Lincoln 

915 

1,167 

190 

17 

588 

757 

Linn 

4,675 

4.524 

318 

253 

3,179 

3,120 

Malheur 

1,937 

1,682 

293 

54 

710 

1,202 

Marion 

5,699 

8,316 

473 

475 

4,376 

4,347 

Morrow .... 

830 

748 

92 

26 

341 

734 

Multnomah . 

35,755 

41,458 

1,852 

1.083 

22,431 

24,350 

Polk 

2,844 

2,899 

187 

120 

1,767 

1,990 

Sherman .... 

747 

717 

18 

48 

354 

743 

Tillamook.. . 

1,175 

1,547 

95 

53 

698 

1,090 

Umatilla 

4,606 

3,664 

256 

122 

2,128 

2,868 

Union 

3,036 

2,253 

259 

63 

1,621 

1,482 

Wallowa. .  .  . 

1,960 

1,198 

165 

20 

697 

777 

Wasco 

2,287 

2,243 

103 

80 

801 

1,330 

Washington. 

3,363 

4,888 

219 

222 

1,796 

2,831 

Wheelor .... 

570 

629 

10 

6 

177 

395 

YamhUl 

3.342 

4,010 

219 

443 

1,966 

2,586 

Total 

120,087' 126.813 

9,711 

4.729 

65,440 

81,067 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


COUNTIES. 
(67.) 


Adams 

Allegheny . 
Armstrong 
Beaver. .  . 
Bedford.  . 
Berks.  .  .  . 

Blair 

Bradford . . 
Bucks .... 

Butler 

Cambria . . 
Cameron . . 
Carbon. .  . 

Centre 

Chester . . . 
Clarion . . . 
Clearfield . 
Clinton. . . 
Columbia. 
Crawford . 
Cumberland 
Dauphin. . 
Delaware . 

Elk 

Erie 

Fayette.  ^. 

Forest 

Franklin.. 

Fulton 

Greene.  .  . 
Huntingdon 
Indiana. . . 
Jefferson. . 
Juniata. , . 
Lackawanna 
Lancaster 
Lawrence 
Lebanon. 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


3.963 
62,833 
3,590 
5,805 
3,263 
19,267 
7,002 
3,655 
7,494 
4,544 
9,416 

452 
4,099 
4,120 
8,514 
3,269 
6,180 
2,967 
5,785 
5,814 
6,132 
11,483 
7,742 
2,186 
9,641 
10,416 

463 
6,336 
1,199 
3,930 
2,181 
2,398 
3,253 
1,497 
15.727 
10,016 
3,966 
3,821 


Hu 
ghes, 
Rep. 


3,290 

77,183 

6,024 

6,864 

3,729 

11,937 

9,893 

6,178 

9,280 

5,458 

10,688 

713 

4,275 

4,392 

11,845 

2,595 

5,676 

2,794 

3,013 

5,487 

5,296 

13,954 

16,315 

2,829 

8,833 

9,838 

617 

5,674 

802 

2,096 

3,806 

4,887 

4,332 

1,254 

17,658 

20,292 

5,134 

5,876 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 


7,815 
316 
901 
238 
3,146 
491 
200 
233 
211 
725 

15 
179 
122 
204 
175 
816 
344 
116 
526 
167 
841 
212 
225 
1,000 
849 
110 
325 

11 

67 
169 
381 
445 

32 
598 
651 
602 
211 


U.  S.  Senator, 
1916. 


Orvis. 
Dem. 


3,538 
40,093 
3,0.52 
4,391 
2,893 
16,770 
5,999 
2,980 
6,973 
4,018 
6,287 
334 
3,539 
3,984 
7,301 
3,011 
5,243 
2,728 
5,237 
6,831 
6,729 
9,745 
6,909 
2,028 
7,543 
9,933 
339 
4,858 
1,105 
3,344 
1,890 
1,975 
2,716 
1,317 
13,582 
9,505 
2,829 
3,411 


HI 

Er- 

Knox, 

vln. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

3,025 

87 

74,678 

8,598 

5.376 

322 

6,366 

917 

3.574 

221 

10,765 

3,778 

9,165 

631 

5,449 

186 

8,854 

218 

4,977 

230 

9,685 

804 

612 

11 

3,936 

189 

4,027 

126 

10,779 

204 

2,243 

177 

1,927 

883 

2,559 

352 

2,662 

116 

5,002 

556 

5,132 

177 

13,485 

1,009 

16,066 

239 

2,629 

228 

7,621 

1,129 

9,668 

891 

623 

108 

5.385 

305 

626 

11 

1,786 

65 

3,464 

182 

4,552 

383 

3,983 

493 

1,145 

29 

16,458 

642 

19,886 

526 

4,629 

701 

5,430 

216 

Election  Returns  hy  States. 


Ill 


PENNSYLVANIA— Cwj«nwerf. 


Counties. 


Lehigh 

Luzerne 

Lycoming . . . 
McKean. .  .  . 

Mercer 

Mifflin.....  . 

Monroe 

Montgomery 
Montour. . . . 
Northam'ton 
N'humberl'd 

Perry 

Philadelphia. 

Pike 

Potter 

Schuylkill... 

Snyder 

Somerset. . . . 
Sullivan .... 
Susquehanna 

Tioga 

Union 

Venango. . . . 

Warren 

Wnshtngton. 

Wayne 

Weatmorel'd 
Wyoming .  . . 
York 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem 


11,920 
19,999 
6,640 
3,161 
6,390 
1,965 
3,348 
13,658 
1,530 

n.oco 

9.333 
2,31S 

90,800 

971 

1,733 

13.396 
1,249 
2,957 
1,037 
3.145 
2,294 
1,272 
3.938 
2,628 
7.717 
2,019 

13,829 
1,441 

16,314 


HU 

gbes, 
Rep. 


10,588 

25,313 
6,010 
4,300 
5,866 
2,105 
1.456 

20,431 
1,068 
9,610 
8,722 
2,575 
194,163 
598 
2,386 

17.806 
1.797 
6,008 
888 
3,891 
5,347 
1,902 
3,856 
3,413 

10.367 
2.869 

15,283 
1,698 

12,276 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 


U.  S.  Senator, 
1916. 


Orvls, 
Dem. 


890 

1.249 

1,087 

87 

425 

777 

217 

721 

16 

457 

1,012 

30 

4,716 

14 

243 

909 

48 

527 

21 

28 

91 

4-J 

553 

346 

1,056 

52 

2,'i9l 

41 

730 


Total 521,784  703,734    42,637  450.106  662,218    45,385 


1,185 

17,530 
5,415 
2.396 
5.548 
1.595 
2,807 

12,920 
1,137 

10,209 
7,305 
2,125 

80.594 

829 

1.255 

11,082 
1,038 
2,427 
891 
2,669 
1,508 
1,055 
2,797 
2,121 
6,974 
1,713 

11,575 
1,297 

15.083 


Knox, 
Rep. 


10,112 

22.830 
?.947 
3.705 
5.363 
J,961 
1,133 

19,796 

804 

8,829 

7.002 

2.399 

190,586 

144 

1,972 

16,282 
1,510 
5.255 
734 
3.568 
4.008 
1,573 
3,459 
2,975 

10,079 
2,519 

14,229 
1,542 

11,58-1 


Er- 
vln, 
Soc. 

982 

1,343 

1,036 

493 

770 

275 

28 

733 

20 

182 

1,074 

30 

4.771 

8 

238 

950 

52 

483 

19 

33 

106 

44 

608 

349 

1,085 

52 

2,706 

33 

704 


For  President.  1916.  Hanly,  Proh.,  28.525:  Relmer, 
Industrialist  (Soc.  Lab.).  417. 

*  For  t'nlted  States  Senator,  1916,  Knox,  on 
Roosevelt  Prog,    ticket,    received    13.363    votes, 

VOTE    FOR   GOVERNOR,    1914. 

Brumbaugh,  Rep.,  534.898,  on  Keystone  ticket, 
37,847,  on  Personal  Liberty  ticket,  17,956;  McCormick, 
Dem.,  312,.')53,  on  Wash,  ticket.  140,329;  Brumm,  Bull 
Moose,  4.031;  Lewis,  Roosevelt  Prog.,  6,473;  Allen, 
Soc,  40,115:  Stevenson,  Proh.,  17,467;  Harrison, 
Industrialist,  533. 

PHILIPPINES. 

Governor-General  Francis  Burton  Harrison, 
$18,000;  Vice-Governor.  Charles  E.  Yeater,  $10,000; 
Secretary  of  Justice,  Victorino  Mapa,  $6,000;  Secretary 
of  Finance,  Alberto  Barretto,  $6,000;  Secretary  of 
Commerce.  Dionisio  Jakosalem,  $6,000;  .Secretary  of 
Interior,  Rafael  Palma,  $6,000;  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture and  Natural  Resources,  Gallcano  Apaclble, 
$6,000. 

Judiciary — Chief  Justice,  Cayetano  Arrelano, 
$8,000;  Associates:  Florentino  Torres.  E.  Finley 
Johnson,  Adam  C.  Carson,  Manuel  Araullo,  Geo.  A. 
Malcolm,  Thomas  A.  Street,  Frederick  E.  Fisher, 
Ramon  Avancena.  $7,500  each. 

PORTO   RICO. - 

Governor,  Arl;hur  Yager;  Secretary,  Ramon 
Pacheco;  Treasurer,  Jose  E.  Benedicto;  Auditor, 
J.  W.  Bonner;  Attorney-General,  Howard  L.  Kern; 
Commissioner  of  Education,  Paul  G.  Miller;  Com- 
missioner of  Interior,  Gillermo  Esteves;  Commis- 
sioner of  Agriculture  and  Labor,  Manuel  Camunas; 
Commissioner  of  Health,  A.  R.  Soler. 

Judiciary — Chief  Justice,  Jose  C.  Hernandez; 
Justices,  Emilio  del  Toro,  Adolph  G.  ^Volf,  Pedro  de 
Aldrey,  and  Harvey  M.  Hutchison;  Secretary-Re- 
porter, Joaquin  L.  Cruz:  U.  S.  District  Judge,  Peter 
J.  Hamilton;  U.S.  District-Attorney,  Miles  M.Martin. 

Under  the  new  Organic  Act  of  March  2,  1917, 
the  legislative  power  in  Porto  Rico  is  vested  in  a 
Legislature  consisting  of  two  houses.  The  Senate 
consists  of  19  members  elected  for  four  years.  The 
House  of  Representatives  consists  of  39  members 
elected  for  a  term  of  four  years.  The  members  of  the 
Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  receive  S7.00 
per  day  for  ninety  days  of  each  session.  Sessions 
are  held  biennially.  The  next  session  will  be  held 
the  second  Monday  in  February,  1919. 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


Counties. 
(5.) 


Bristol 

Kent 

Newport. . . , 
Providence. 
Washington . 


Total. 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


1,292 

2,632 

2.932 

31,314 

2,224 


40,391 


Hu 

gbes, 
Rep. 


1,574 

4.038 

4.003 

32.406 

2.837 

44.858 


U.   S.  SENA- 
TOR. 1916. 


Ger- 
Dem. 


1.377 
3.125 
3.346 
36.833 
2,362 


47,048 


Lip- 
pltt. 
Rep 

1,483 
3,5S1 
3,481 
27.927 
2.731 


39.211 


Governor. 
1916. 


Mun- 

roe, 

Dem. 


1,154 

2,477 

2,169 

28,404 

1,954 


36,158 


Beeck 
man. 
Rep. 


1,701 
4,185 
4,709 
35,871 
3,058 


49,524 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


President, 
1916. 

Governor, 
1918. 

COUNTIES. 
(45.) 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 

ghes. 
Rep. 

Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 

Prog. 

Coop- 
er, 
Dem. 

Abbeville .  . . 

Aiken 

Anderson.  .  . 

Bamberg 

Barnwell 

Beaufort 

Berkeley .... 
Calhoun 

900 
1,750 
2,609 

820 
1.454 

m 

457 

665 

1,929 

1.271 

1.182 

1,833 

894 

974 

1,462 

972 

716 

959 

726 

1,912 

470 

3,384 

1,636 

852 

1,638 

■243 

989 

1,426 

1,895 

779 

2,060 

1,010 

1,071 

637 

1,719 

885 

2,641 

1,139 

2,283 

1,227 

4,503 

1,357 

1.476 

1,213 

1,393 

8 

26 

6 

3. 
11 

7 

362 
718 
711 
503 
360 
191 
237 
377 
908 
597 
457 
741 
320 
519 
446 
227 
339 
517 
361 

1,046 
209 
667 
739 
429 
392 
95 
461 
719 
989 
317 
980 
326 
246 
?62 
822 
610 

1,001 
282 

1,398 
608 

1,738 
330 
626 
465 
519 

21 
105 

6 

41 

129 

13 

17 

3 
18 
31 

5 

1 

4 

Cha:-;eston .  . 
Cherokee.  .  . 

Chester 

Chesterfield . 

35 

2 

12 
2 
4 

Colleton .  . 

Darlington.. 
Dillon 

3 

....  4 

Oorrhp^fcsr 

44 
5 

Edgefield .  .  . 
Fflirflpld 

12 

26 
2 

81 
13 

Georgetown , 
Greenville. . . 
Greenwood. . 
Hampton.  . . 

Horry 

Jasper 

Kershaw .... 
Lancasteiv. . 
Laurens.  .  .  . 

LexinVtbn . '. '. 

4 

8 
3 

■  ■  ■  13 
2 

7 

6 
1 

2 
6 

■  ■  ■  14 
1 

14 
14 

31 

3 

2 

2 

19 

59 

159 

7 

292 

1 

112 

142 

6 

57 

23 

■  ■  ■  46 

Marlborough 
McCormick . 
Newberry . . . 

Oconee 

Orangeburg. . 
Pickens 

■  ■  ■  20 

15 
2 

10 
5 

Richland 

8a!uda 

Spartanburg. 

Sumter 

Union 

Williamsbu'g 
York 

12 
5 
. 

9 

6 
4 
13 

I 

■  Total 

61,837 

1,.553 

135 

104 

25,267 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 


Counties. 
(63.) 


Aurora 

Beadle 

Bennett .... 
Bon  Homme 
Brookings. . . 

Brown 

Brule 

Buffalo 

Butte 

Campbell .  . . 
Charles  Mix. 


President, 
1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


793 

1,828 

222 

1,278 

1,385 

2.676 

975 

182 

930 

163 

2,011 


Hu        Ben- 


phea, 
Rep. 


735 
1,662 
67 
1,231 
1,638 
2,659 

729 
80 

537 

644 
1,450 


son, 
Soc. 


23 

121 

4 

40 

46 

472 

40 

1 

135 

14 

41 


Han- 
ly. 
Proh. 


Governor, 
1918. 


Nor- 
beck. 
Rep. 


620 

1,303 

68 

896 

1,499 

2,122 

718 

169 

710 

196 

1,039 


Bates 
N.  P. 

830 

633 

4 

641 

377 

1,361 

152 

25 

383 

350 

652 


178 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


SOUTH  DAKOTA— Continued 


Counties 


Clark 

Clay 

Coddington 
Corson.  .  .  . 

Custer 

Davison.  .  . 

Day 

Deuel 

Dewey . .  .  . 
Douglas.  .  . 
Edmunds.  . 
Fall  River. . 

Faulk 

Grant 

Gregory.  .  . 

Haakon 

Hamlin 

Hand . . 

Hanson 

Harding .  . 

Hughes 

Hutchinson 

Hyde 

Jackson 

Jerauld 

Jones 

Kingsbury. 

Lake 

Lawrence.  . 

Lincoln 

Lyman 

iVlarshall. . 

McCook .  , 

McPliersoii 

Meade 

Mellette 

Miner 

Minnehaha 

Moody 

Pennington 

Perkins 

Potter 

Roberts 

Sanborn . 

Spink 

Stanley 

■"   'ly.. 

PP 

ner. 

on 

Iwortli . 

ikton . . 

bacli 


TENNESSEE— Conrtnwed. 


Otal 59.191    64.217      5.760      1.774    48,983    25,269 


^ird,  Dem.,   17.398;     O.  S.  Anderson,  See.,    714: 
Knute  Lewis,  Ind..  1,351. 

The  Legislature  Is  in  tHe  Senate  42  Republicans,  2 
Democrats  and  I  Non-Partisan. 

House  85  RepublicanB,  11  Democrats,  7  Non-Par- 
tisans. 

TENNESSEE. 


President, 

1916. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

(96.) 

son, 

ghes. 

Dem. 

537 

Rep. 

AndersoB.  . . 

1.730 

Bedford.  .  . . 

.  2,378 

1.324 

Benton 

1,313 

805 

Bledsoe 

424 

681 

Blount 

1,015 

2,462 

Bradley 

784 

1,482 

Campbell.  . . 

485 

1,670 

Cannon 

936 

456 

CarroVV 

2,001 

2,217 

Carter... .  , . 

198 

2,96! 

Cheathum. . . 

1,117 

439 

Chester...  . . 

862 

615 

Claiborne. . . 

1.053 

1.398 

Clay 

689 

578 

U.  S.  Sena- 
tor. 1918. 


Sble 

Ids, 
Dem. 


301 

1,603 

1,038 

243 

534 

387 

303 

640 

1,305 

186 

777 

542 

501 

428 


Ev- 
ans, 
Rep. 


1,186 
600 
540 
321 

1,762 
663 
763 
207 

1,776 

1,280 

90 

341 

610 

277 


Governor. 

1918. 


Rob- 
erts, 
Dem. 


293 

1,609 

1,048 

242 

529 

389 

304 

643 

1,316 

190 

779 

542 

500 

438 


Counties. 


President, 
1916. 


Total. 


Cocke 

595 

Coffee 

1,837 

Crockett 

1,608 

Cumberland. 

428 

Davidson. . . 

8,958 

Decatur. .  . . 

887 

De  Kalb 

1,407 

Dickson .... 

2,in."i 

Dyer 

1,997 

Fayette 

1.812 

Fentress .... 

348 

Franklin..  . . 

2,469 

Gibson 

3,609 

Giles 

3.207 

Grainger 

813 

Greene 

2.254 

Grundy 

730 

Hamblen. . .  . 

741 

Hamilton .  . . 

5,828 

Hancock. .  .  . 

38(i 

Hardeman.  . 

1,724 

Hardin 

979 

Hav/kins .... 

1,142 

Haywood .  .  . 

1,677 

Henderson .  . 

980 

Henry 

2,988 

Hickman. . . . 

1,479 

Houston. .  .  . 

627 

Humphreys, 

1,148 

Jackson 

l.SOli 

James 

230 

Jefferson .... 

620 

Johason .... 

263 

Knox 

4.288 

Lake 

727 

Lauderdale. . 

1,572 

Lawrence .  .  . 

1,787 

Lewis 

387 

Lincoln 

2,791 

Loudon 

423 

Macon 

980 

McMinn. .  .  . 

1,088 

McNalry.. ,  . 

1,461 

Madison .... 

2,659 

Marion 

1,155 

Marshall 

1,652 

Maury 

2,169 

Meigs 

541 

Monroe 

1.263 

Montgomery 

1,976 

Moore 

722 

Morgan 

563 

Obion 

3.170 

Cvorton.  .  .  . 

1.512 

T^erry 

663 

Pickett 

418 

Polk 

7C7 

Putnam .... 

2.100 

Rhea 

661 

Roane 

667 

Robertson.. . 

2.106 

Rutherford. . 

2,941 

Scott 

206 

Sequatchie . . 

335 

Sevier 

301 

Shelby 

10,967 

Smith 

2,196 

Stewart 

1,711 

Sullivan.  .  .  . 

2,601 

Sumner 

2,487 

Tipton 

2,035 

Trousdale. . . 

688 

Unicoi 

226 

Union 

389 

Van  Buren. . 

105 

Warren 

1.855 

Wa.shington . 

1,831 

Wayne ..... 

517 

Weakley 

3,609 

White 

1,407 

Williamson. . 

2,036 

Wilson 

2,535 

Hu 

Khes, 
Rep. 


1,478 
489 
1,114 
924 
3,168 
893 
1,343 
1,008 
459 
116 
925 
711 
1,443 
1,488 
1,529 
3,055 
31!) 
79. 
4,697 
1,229 
485 
1,811 
1,739 
61 
1,317 
1,393 
1,026 
207 
452 
740 
606 
1,648 
1,812 
5,895 
130 
532 
1,837 
4H 
552 
698 
1,600 
1,726 
1,616 
1,194 
1,432 
461 
720 
608 
1,459 
991 
71 
1,265 
591 
1.0.30 
483 
501 
887 
1,383 
768 
1,341 
733 
1,116 
1,486 
238 
2.837 
4,515 
911 
.591 
1,776 
612 
281 
217 
961 
1,490 
151 
624 
2.723 
1,626 
1.768 
587 
600 
841 


U.  S.  Sena- 
tor, 1918. 


Shie 

Ida, 
Dem. 


355 

1,233 

1,022 

141 

5,197 

445 

1,326 

1,200 

1,187 

1,270 

221 

2,006 

2.381 

2,314 

518 

1,460 

469 

517 

2,906 

138 

1,171 

536 

664 

1,215 

512 

1,773 

980 

518 

974 

819 

146 

435 

181 

2,881 

414 

1,154 

1,072 

230 

2,114 

241 

476 

693 

825 

1,538 

579 

1.349 

1,812 

380 

76o 

1,482 

432 

252 

1,740 

1,090 

254 

274 

319 

1,536 

504 

382 

1,851 

2,255 

93 

219 

208 

7,914 

1,546 

1,106 

1,258 

1,856 

1,771 

622 

87 

197 

230 

1,124 

854 

252 

1,939 

1,134 

1,665 

1,770 


Ev- 
ans, 
Rep. 


781 
199 
649 
340 
403 
545 
1,196 
229 
268 
58 
526 
303 
662 
630 
1,100 
2,349 
182 
574 
2,062 
334 
229 
1,074 
1.002 
16 
949 
638 
341 
38 
148 
386 
411 
1,445 
801 
4,128 
13 
175 
1,104 
117 
212 
553 
1,157 
1.224 
1.175 
501 
914 
172 
242 
338 
887 
406 
5 
580 
205 
682 
194 
352 
372 
867 
603 
702 
184 
348 
620 
171 
1.607 
743 
766 
131 
672 
241 
322 
107 
453 
1.131 
79 
353 
1,395 
1.040 
819 
203 
155 
■   399 


Governor. 

1918. 


Rob- 
erts, 
Dem 


36 

756 

1.24C 

187 

1.0331       644 

16: 

'      329 

5,25 

372 

441 

546 

1,36: 

1,175 

1,207 

226 

1,23 

226 

1,27: 

6» 

2.5( 

305 

2,02) 

293 

2,395 

747 

2,314 

626 

481 

1.144 

1,606 

2,338 

419 

224 

467 

573 

2,915 

1,851 

134 

339 

1,173 

229 

628 

1,071 

«W 

994 

1,215 

16 

513 

931 

1,813 

631 

983 

341 

517 

39 

976 

149 

H26 

361 

147 

411 

414 

1,443 

128 

860 

2,600 

4,416 

414 

13 

1,152 

174 

1,072 

1,104 

230 

117 

2,126 

199 

232 

522 

477 

1,157 

679 

1,183 

826 

1,224 

1,560 

493 

632 

949 

1,385 

157 

1,8,52 

215 

:!79 

405 

770 

876 

1.478 

389 

434 

5 

265 

570 

1,757 

199 

1,141 

642 

25() 

194 

26H 

343 

318 

353 

1,589 

840 

604 

538 

415 

644 

1,873 

181 

2,267 

342 

93 

614 

217 

171 

187 

1,629 

7,894 

779 

1,567 

758 

1,108 

130 

1,254 

673 

1,861 

242 

1,691 

324 

521 

108 

86 

453 

202 

,1,132 

231 

-     79 

1,126 

343 

878 

1,381 

257 

1,038 

1,9,50 

■   818 

1,136 

198 

1,686 

1,55 

1,770 

400 

152,935lll6,257l  99,5671  61,098   99,7061  60,623 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


179 


TEXAS. 


Counties. 
(^■18.) 


Anderson.  . 
Andrews. .  . 
Angelina. . . 
Aransas. . . . 

Archer 

Armstrong . 
Atascosa. . . 

Austin 

Bandera.  .  . 
Bastrop. . . . 

Baylor 

Bee 

Bell 

Bexai' 

Blanco. .  .  . 
Borden .  .  .  . 
Basque .  .  .  . 

Bowie 

Brazoria.  .  . 

Brazos 

Brewster . . . 
Briscoe .  .  .  . 
Broolts.  .  .  . 

Brown 

Burleson. . . 
Biirnet.  .  .  . 
Caldwell..  . 
Calhoun . .  . 
Callahan . . . 
Cameron. . . 

Camp 

Cai'son .  .  .  . 


President,    1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


Castro 

Chambers . . 
Cherokee . .  . 
Childress. . .  . 

Clay 

Colve 

Coleman. . .  , 

Collin 

Colllngsw'th 
Coiorjido . . . , 

Comal 

Comanche. . . 

Concho 

Cooke. 

Coryell 

Cottle 

Crane 

Crockett..  .  . 

Crosby 

Culberson. . . 

Dallam 

Dallas 

Dawson .  .  .  . 
Deaf  Smith.. 

Delta 

Denton 

De  Witt..  .  . 
Dickens.  .  .  . 

Dimmit 

Donley 

Duval 

Ka,stland. . . . 

Kctor 

KU wards. .. . 

Kills 

ly  Paso 

l*atl) ...... 

rails.  ...... 

rannin.:. . . . 

Fayette i... . 

Kisher ...;.. 
I'loyd.  .,,... 
I'^oard .,..., 
Fort  Bend. . . 
I'^anklin., . . 
Freestone. . 

Frio. ..." 

Gaines,  j ... 
Galveston..; 
Garza.  .  . .,  . 
Gillespie. . .  . 
Glasscock . . . 


1,984 

71 

1,344 

179 

527 

3.-): 

635 

960 

53' 

1,335 

711 

584 

3,61.") 

7,008 

62S 

81 

1,561 

1,841 

1,033 

1,037 

207 

260 

101 

1,986 

1,?08 

913 

1,216 

33S 

959 

1,260 

721 

326 

1,505 

176 

239 

2,002 

948 

1,324 

484 

1,700 

4,141 

589 

1,041 

4-32 

1,494 

'418 

2,273 

1 ,802 

455 


Hu 

Khes, 
Rep. 


501 


65 

456 

124 

363 

13,410 

288 

356 

1,254 

2,841 

1,058 

389 

193 

036 

,597 

1.086 

120 

299 

4,718 

3,603 

2,024 

2,037 

3,493 

1,902 

950 

600 

475 

788 

684 

1,575 

410 

80 

3,543 

330 

405 

96 


7 

21 
104 

43 
119 
673 
168 
550 

17 

152 

356 

5,483 

23; 

17(1 
Hi 
581 
273 

43 
4 

63 

181 

2 

1!5 

.?25 

84 

74 
420 
200 

78 
707 

69 

ini 

241 

31 

177 

29 

96 

594 

31 

358 

742 

148 

36 

353 

188 

12 


16 

31 

2 

81 

2,554 

14 

77 

72 

451 

1,068 
15 
71 
42 
37 
116 

73 

324 

1,770 

184 

729 

471 

1,212 

46 

48 

41 

329 

62 

637 

55 


1,263 
14 

1,463 
8 


Ben- 
Bon, 
Soc. 


187 

O 

335 
6 
31 
6 
44 
10 
44 
21 
74 
29 

162 

187 

19 

3 

73 

273 


7 
22 

1 
104 
262 

2; 

15 
64 

83 

25 

35 

7 

124 
5 
43 

245 
77 
54 
)2 

11^2 

190 
54 
76 
38 

301 
53 

106 

7i 

1 


Governor,  1918. 


Hob- 
by, 
Dem 


0 

46 

1 

39 

18! 

M 

lu 

115 

157 

21 

39 


51 
291 


71 

HI 

287 

232 

236 

10 

229 

78 

88 

16 

43 

98 

4 

4 

73 
14 
12 
4 


1,907 
64 

1,079 
165 
375 
182 
456 

1,200 

425 

.924 

340 

348 

1,968 

5,375 
676 
83 
982 
972 
723 
564 
179 
120 
95 

9o: 

707 
468 
867 
299 
535 

1,917 
661 
101 

1,194 
106 
310 

1,495 
301 
613 
303 
896 

4,087 
398 
696 
652 

1,102 
295 

1,170 
984 
357 


Boyn- 
ton. 
Rep. 


Simp- 
son, 
Soc. 


Counties. 


250 
10 
20 
8 
12 
4 
10 
94 

117 

93 

7 

13 

36 

162 

63 

1 

27 

62 

150 

34 

18 

4 

4 

36 
91 
34 
24 
8 
22 
63 

209 
10 

140 
12 
50 
71 
15 
13 
11 
28 

132 
15 
41 
18 
49 
2 
C9 
24 
4 


17 

2 

310 

t 

53 

19 

1 

185 

12 

23 

4,007 

443 

17 

88 

4 

3 

128 

8 

1 

1,010 

28 

230 

1,343 

103 

183 

977 

38 

19 

125 

4 

80 

186 

29 

2 

343 

6 

63 

703 

6 

1,052 

56 

263 

98 

118 

40 

4 

2,887 

55 

122 

1,668 

16 

18 

1,232 

44 

330 

1,328 

135 

312 

1,892 

110 

239 

1,704 

182 

42 

388 

6 

175 

288 

11 

62 

252 

23 

70 

569 

52 

25 

375 

25 

54 

1.123 

411 

206 

275 

1 

20 

1 

i 

1,330 

67 

43 

77 

1 

1,156 

313 

i 

43 

1 

1 

298 

1 
507 

3 
30 

1 
50 

5 
40 
55 
60 
35 
10 
69 
10 

1 

129 

352 

53 

3 

5 
13 

"114 
20 
18 
19 
46 
56 
36 
29 
1 

214 
2 
36 

399 
39 
57 
33 

191 

254 

75 

47 

3 

409 
79 
83 
78 

110 


TEXAS — Coniihue'd. 


Goliad 

Gonzales. . . 

Gray 

Grayson . .  .  . 

Gregg 

Grimes 

Guadalupe.  . 

Hale 

Hall 

Hamilton .  .  . 
Hansford.  .  . 
Hardeman. 
Hardin .... 

Harris 

Harrison .... 

Hartley 

Haskell 

Hays 

Hemphill .  .  . 
Henderson . 
Hidalgo. . .  . 

Hill 

Hood 

Hopkin-s.  .  .  . 
Houslon.  .  . 
Howard. .    . 

Hunt 

Hutchinson 

Irion 

Jack 

Jackson 

Jasper. .-.  .  •. 
Jeff  Davis. .  . 
Jefferson. . .  . 
Jim  Hof?g.  .  . 
Jim  Wells.. 
Johnson ... 

Jones 

Karnes 

Kaufman.  .  . 

Kendall 

Kent 

Kerr 

Kimble 

King 

Kinney 

Kleberg 

Knox 

Lamar 

Lamb 

Lampasas. . . 
La  Salle .... 

Lavaca 

Lee 

Leon 

Liberty 

Limestone. . . 
Lipscomb .  .  . 
Live  Oak . .  . 
Llano  ....... 

Lubbock .... 

Lynn 

Madison. .  .  . 

Marion 

Martin 

Mason 

Matagorda. . 
Maverick.  . . 
McCuIloch. . 
Mcl^ennan. . 
McMullen... 

Medina 

Menard 

Midland 

Milam 

Mills 

Mitchell .... 
Montague. . . 
Montgomery 

Moore 

Morris 

Motley 

Nacogdoches 
Navarro.  .  .  . 
Newton 


President,  1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem 


60.j 

1,675 
482 

5,092 
820 

1,108 
830 
90S 
925 

1,231 
166 
932 

1,279 
10,131 

1,371 
161 

1,200 
995 
496 

1,790 

I,3'34 

3,931 
693 

2,568 

1,730 
74 

4,242 
114 
150 
86i 
403 
906 
234 

3,082 
187 
335 

3,040 

1,798 
889 

2,780 
232 
212 
621 
223 
47 
233 
427 
884 

3,412 
150 
818 
340 

1,784 
571 
979 
701 
2.188 
3;50 
397 
716 
633 
331 
730 
445 
125 
386 
748 
192 
817 

4,979 
llo 
7,58 

■  267 

339 

2,198 

640 

803 

1,803 
880 
103 
689 
393 
'1,766 
3,527 
493 


Hu 
ghes 
Rep. 


548 
649 

09 

1,024 

159 

108 

1,812 

80 

49 
201 

47 

94 

158 

3,009 

172 

30 

95 
123 
141 
208 
260 
382 

64 
218 
373 

30 
124 

28 

5 

121 

123 

75 

74 
48 

1 
100 
275 
114 
238 
427 
590 
2 
272 

13 

3 

201 

106 

64 
309 

14 
113 

40 
936 
836 
335 
224 
225 
116 
119 

72 

34 

15 
120 
166 

14 
157 
252 
246 

61 
940 

29 
650 

44 

24 
576 
129 

31 
245 
179 

6 
163 

9 

92 
291 

34 


Ben- 
son, 
Soc. 


59 
51 
35 

285 
25 
25 
7 
43 
83 
28 
14 

123 
90 

133 

60 

1 

369 
10 
23 

354 
27 
86 
84 

231 

162 
99 

155 
6 
11 

115 

65 

41 

1 

155 


GOVERNOR,  1918. 


Hob- 
by. 
Dem 


33 

170 

214 

5 


7 

44 

105 

96 

4 

31 

3 

241 

82 

162 

82 

107 

47 

51 

23 

27 

8 

41 

1 

22 

32 

79 

2 

117 

12: 


26 

S2 

7 

230 

106 

80 

242 

141 


52 
'28 
141 

loq 
•  2? 


eso 

982 
272 

2,6*6 
410 

1,115 

1,89 
300- 
379 
600 
151 
440 
789 

3,836 
670 
66 
772 
535 
357 

1,490 

1,231 

1,559 
679 

1,663 

1,249 
358 

2.61 
1C8 
108 
638 
264 
72f 
13i 
772 
244 
337 

1,33' 
674 
826 

1,58; 
465 
131 
734 
124 
43 
IM 
463 
366 

1.485 

54 

442 

25; 

1.510 
621 
866 
548 

1.675 
234 
435 
323 
228 
67' 
531 
199 
66 
186 
534, 
194 
656 

1.659 
119 

1,165 

93 

235 

1.624 
457 
248 

1.043 

747 

16 

437' 

90 

1,502 

1,800 
300 


Boyn- 
ton, 
Rep. 


378 
86 

8 

231 

25 

13 

740 

4 

8 
13 
20 
15 
18 
256 
10 

1 
22 
11 
58 

'^l 
71 
31 

236 

122 
10 

124 

11 

1 

59 

20 

25 

20 

24 

1 

4 

48 

16 

6 

95 

60 

1 

86 

1 

4 

155 
18 
18 
40 
10 
60 
10 
59 
75 
80 

160 
61 
68 
10 
10 
10 
2 

45 
13 
2 
11 
78 
58 
12 
47 
6 

184 

6 

6 

30 

25 

10 

GO 

96 

I 

17 

4 

27 

73 

11 


Simp- 
son, 
Soc. 


58 
90 
41 

378 
30 
65 
1 
32 
86 
33 
10 

115 
97 

281 

42 

1 

328 

4 

23 

585 
30 

m 

84 

292 

234 

90 

272 

3 

9 

148 

105 

125 

1 

113 

"29 
209 
162 
1 
213 
1 

13 
13 


1 

70 
95 
111 

■33 
1 

429 

97 

327 

108 

220 

37 

27 

16 

10 

"83 

1 

5 

18 

105 

1 

28 

92 

"17 

28 

■389 
124 
61 
259 
160 

"29 
10 

244 
216 

25 


180 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


. 

TEXAS— 

CoiUlnited. 

-  • 

PRBeiDENX 

1916. 

Go  VI 
Hob- 

EBNOB, 

Boyn- 

1918. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

Ben- 

Simp- 

son, 

ghes. 

son, 

by, 

ton. 

son, 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Soc. 

Nolan ....".. 

1.048 

91 

79 

495 

24 

59 

Nueces 

1,830 

404 

142 

1,875 

59 

170 

Ochiltree 

238 

41 

8 

95 

6 

Oldham..... 

138 

42 

113 

23 

Orange 

loS 

92 

415 

14 

38 

Palo  Pinto . . 

1,431 

124 

282 

1,003 

32 

334 

Panola; . . . . 

1.228 

125 

71 

870 

90 

i;« 

Parker 

1,797 

173 

240 

1,208 

81 

358 

Parmer, .... 

194 

64 

10 

93 

13 

1 

Pecos 

384 

96 

2 

369 

46 

1 

Polk 

918 

107 

113 

455 

6 

45 

Potter 

1,26S 

166 

99 

340 

19 

24 

Presidio 

245 

27 

289 

6 

Rains. .  .  .  .  . 

609 

71 

289 

538 

39 

295 

Randall 

341 

63 

6 

116 

4 

Real 

212 

14 

25 

185 

24 

15 

Reagan 

59 

2 

53 

1 

Red  River. . . 

2,021 

356 

141 

1,445 

100 

144 

Reeves 

346 

43 

5 

168 

6 

Refugio 

108 

232 

17 

384 

165 

57 

Roberts 

220 

27 

3 

59 

1 

Robertson. . . 

1,313 

21S 

44 

875 

.  !■» 

103 

Rockwall.  .  . 

828 

27 

492 

■'  14 

18 

Runnels. .  . . 

1,187 

195 

133 

633 

18 

122 

Rusk 

1,849 

621 

196 

1,334 

180 

257 

Sabine 

681 

22 

54 

444 

2 

50 

San  Aug'tlue 

682 

18 

61 

534 

13 

65 

San  Jacinto. 

142 

255 

1 

410 

95 

11 

San  Patricio. 

594 

130 

65 

380 

27 

50 

San  Saba. . . 

955 

66 

90 

533 

30 

124 

Schleicher . . . 

163 

10 

1 

73 

,      6 

Scurry 

994 

40 

78 

440 

•    18 

75 

Shakelford. . 

378 

51 

36 

209 

12 

47 

Shelby 

1,767 

131 

175 

1,416 

24 

297 

Sherman.. . . 

152 

39 

9 

72 

6 

Smith 

2,422 

773 

270 

2,366 

452 

744 

Somervell . . . 

278 

20 

84 

248 

6 

105 

Starr . . . 

516 

115 

665 

2 

Stephens — 

572 

12 

103 

261 

6 

81 

Sterling. 

205 

6 

176 

2 

Stonewall. . . 

502 

21 

119 

253 

6 

90 

Sutton 

130 

13 

99 

4 

Swisher 

381 

62 

10 

140 

4 

Tarrant 

10,269 

1,551 

329 

5,981 

144 

356 

Taylor 

2,134 

120 

118 

828 

12 

85 

Terrell 

181 

59 

2 

163 

17 

Terry 

146 

1 

1 

59 

1 

Thi-oeUm'ton 

S30 

10 

76 

305 

12 

95 

Titus 

1,161 

189 

95 

1,101 

68 

143 

Tom  Green. . 

1,243 

92 

63 

449 

6 

43 

Travis 

3,682 

690 

71 

1,945 

148 

65 

Trinity 

805 

156 

91 

580 

70 

115 

Tyler 

635 

24 

31 

491 

10 

45 

Upshur 

1,346 

198 

121 

771 

49 

135 

Upton 

42 

6 

■      79 

1 

Uvalde 

728 

92 

13 

334 

13 

34 

Val  Verde. . . 

446 

135 

5 

574 

47 

15 

Van  Zandt . . 

2,010 

232 

648 

1,768 

132 

918 

Victoria 

897 

476 

35 

925 

44 

48 

Walker 

763 

315 

24 

029 

210 

53 

Waller...... 

035 

182 

6 

434 

59 

1 

Ward 

178 

23 

8 

95 

8 

1 

Washington. 

1,119 

1.306 

3 

992 

200 

Webb . .  . . . . 

676 

472 

752 

16 

Wharton... . 

918 

351 

85 

526 

65 

159 

Wheeler. . .. 

551 

56 

83 

256 

14 

49 

Wichita 

2,108 

347 

94 

598 

27 

Wilbarger... 

1,212 

99 

116 

547 

12 

123 

Willacy 

110 

10 

110 

1 

.... 

Williamson. . 

2,701 

656 

80 

1,523 

29 

82 

Wilson 

869 

345 

30 

582 

17 

23 

W^lnkler 

21 

2,023 

15 
1,311 

1 
51 

Wise 

263 

9 

161 

Wood 

1,719 

248 

416 

1,465 

95 

472 

Yoakum 

.      85 

1 

1 

64 

1 

.... 

Young 

1,175 

71 

71 

705 

12 

153 

Zapata 

26 

214 

286 

1 

.... 

Zavala 

229 

43 

17 

300 

30 

30 

Total 

285,980 

64,673 

19,011 

The  Tote  in  Texas.  1918.  for  Uinited  States  Sen- 
ator Tvaa  as  follows:  OuUbereon.  Dem.;  301.T57; 
Atohesoo.  Rep..  48.717:  Hi<Aey,  Soc..  1S.951. 


UTAH. 


President, 

U.  S. 

Sena- 

Governor. 

1916. 

TOR, 

1916. 

1910. 

C0UKTIE3. 

Wil- 

Hu 

S'fr 

Bam- 

Mor- 

(28.) 

son, 

ghes. 

King, 

land, 

b'rg'r. 

ris, 

De5n. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Beaver 

1,291 

8-12 

1,263 

867 

1.188 

963 

Box  Elder. .  . 

2,957 

2,416 

2,793 

2,572 

2,612 

2,759 

Cache ...... 

5,305 

3,756 

5.116 

3,897 

4,866 

4,198 

Carbon.  . .  .  . 

1,478 

1,301 

1,461 

1,285 

1,412 

1,339 

Davis 

2,131 

1,641 

2,053 

1,710 

1,922 

1,836 

Duchesne. . . 

1.443 

687 

1.378 

754 

1,305 

843 

Emery. 

1,406 

896 

1,371 

907 

1,244 

1,049 

Garfield.  ... 

843 

516 

809 

648 

704 

653 

Grand 

308 

213 

283 

233 

291 

233 

Iron .  . 

1,1!56 

825 

1,112 

856 

1,031 

960 

,Tuab.  ...... 

2,221 

1,248 

2,205 

1,281 

2,105 

1,391 

Kane . 

329 

304 

301 

329 

278 

356 

Millard 

1,804 

1,293 

1,748 

1,344 

1,574 

1,538 

Morgan 

-181 

464 

484 

463 

461 

482 

Piute 

417 

269 

408 

272 

396 

287 

Rich 

454 

325 

455 

324 

429 

.350 

Salt  Lake.  . . 

30,707 

17,593 

29,250 

18,830 

29,200 

18,758 

San  Juan.  .  . 

448 

213 

409 

244 

336 

320 

San  Pete 

3,382 

2,918 

3,308 

2,989 

3,069 

3,222 

Sevier 

2,052 

1,720 

1,989 

1.770 

1,851 

1,904 

Summit 

1.495 

1,195 

1,450 

1,212 

1,425 

1,256 

Tooele 

1,528 

1,124 

1,449 

1,185 

1,401 

1,254 

Uintah 

1.459 

712 

1,408 

763 

1.336 

827 

Utah 

8,23.5 

5,201 

7,946 

5,440 

7,893 

6,545 

Wasatch .... 

885 

817 

885 

811 

853 

845 

Washington. 

1,397 

703 

1,345 

746 

1,185 

908 

Wayne 

393 

225 

388 

229 

363 

255 

Weber 

8.139 

4.720 

7.828 

5,000 

7,578 

6,191 

Total 

84,145 

51.137 

80,895 

56,862 

78,298    59.522 

VERMONT 

• 

PRESIDENT, 
1916. 

U.  S.   SENA- 
TOR, 1916. 

GOVERNOR. 
1918. 

COUNTIEa    • 
(14.) 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 

ghes. 

Rep. 

Mil- 
ler. 
Dem. 

Page, 
Rep. 

Mayo 
Dem. 

Clem- 
ent. 
Rep. 

Addison .... 
Bennington.. 
Caledonia. . . 
Chittenden. . 

E,s3ex 

Franklin. .  . . 
Grand  Isle.-. 
Lamoille. . . . 

Orange 

Orleans 

Rutland .... 
Washington. 
Windham. .  . 
Windsor .... 

874 
1,590 
1,887 
2,772 

544 
2,107 

434 

643 
1,379 
1,047 
2,785 
2,732 
1,698 
2,216 

2,765 
2,602 
3,024 
3,786 

734 
2,796 

407 
1,474 
2,151 
2,758 
5,926 
4.216 
3.375 
4,236 

476 

1.184 

1.207 

2,005 

379 

1,369 

239 

305 

804 

724 

2,151 

1,664 

1,197 

1,252 

3.164 
2,875 
3,662 
4,621 

669 
3,621 

601 
1,800 
2,735 
2,963 
6.607 
6,196 
3,686 
5,062 

493 

984 
1.272 
1,560 

334 
1,320 

247 

381 
1.051 

653 
1,652 
2,106 

706 
1,100 

2,037 

2,174 

2.177 

2,830 

896 

2,014 

354 

913 

1,525 

1,744 

4,206 

2,425 

2,158 

3,205 

Total 

22,708 

40,250 

14,956 

47,362 

13,859 

28,358 

VIRGINIA. 


"  Counties 

nOO)     AND 

President, 
1916. 

U.  S.  Sena- 
tor, 1916. 

Governor, 
1913. 

Cities    (20). 
Cities     Indi- 
cated by  •. 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 

ghes. 
Rep. 

Swan-- 
son, 
Dem. 

No 
oppo- 
sition 

Stu'rt 
Dem. 

Camp 
bell. 
Soc. 

Accomac. .. . 
Albemarle.. . 
Alexandria* . 
Alexandria . . 
Alleghany . . . 

Amelia 

Amherst.  .  .  . 
Appomattox. 
Augusta .... 

Bath 

Bedford 

Bland 

Botetourt . . . 

Bristol* 

Brunswick.  . 
Buchanan. . . 
Buckingham 
Buena  Viata* 
Campbell . . . 

1,745 

1,376 

1,038 
515 
544 
403 

1,142 
700 

1,751 
387 

1,628 
356 
900 
489 
772 
720 
025 
158 

1,007 

299 
223 
364 
412 
432 

80 

93 
133 
845 
219 
298 
420 
775 
184 

82 
627 
181 

92 
185 

1,996 

1,406 

1,373 

1,030 
763 
459 

1,234 
787 

2,342 
529 

1,933 
545 

1,184 
629 
852 

1,262 
782 
214 

1,231 



615 
629 
643 

-  125 
175 
129 
355 
359 

1.242 
154 
778 
362 
761 
522 
342 

•  575 
282 
197 
739 

26 
12 
15 
12 
13 
3 
10 

:  3 

,   146 

23 

.     64 

.41 

■  ::  52 

27 

MS 

21 

8 

10 

123 

Election  Returns  by  States . 


181 


VIRGINIA- 

—Continued. 

PRESIDENT, 

V.  S.  Sena- 

Governor, 

1916. 

tor,   1916. 

1913. 

Counties 

Wil- 

Hu 

Swan-    No 
son,    oppo- 

Camp 

AND  Cities. 

son, 

ghes. 

Stu'rt 

bell. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

sitlon. 

Dem. 

Soc. 

Caroline .... 

637 

198 

833 

335 

21 

Can-oH. .  .  ... 

858 

1,424 

1,094 

725 

72 

Cliarles  City 

139 

57 

216 

49 

5 

Charlotte.  .  . 

856 

227 

1,025 

434 

2 

Chflrl'csv'le  * 

618 

117 

727 

336 

12 

Ciiesterfleld . 

699 

HI 

829 

315 

13 

Clarke 

590 

49 

628 

219 

8 

Clilton  F'ge* 

455 

104 

571 

424 

48 

Craig 

369 

200 

492 

245 

29 

Cul paper. . . . 

849 

184 

1,0.33 

362 

2 

Cumberland 

446 

73 

512 

136 

Donville* . .  . 

1,131 

229 

1,342 

423 

35 

Dickenson    . 

6,50 

753 

1,000 

534 

26 

Dinwiddle.. . 

592 

85 

673 

365 

17 

KllzabethC'y 

411 

132 

560 

172 

12 

Kssex 

302 

77 

371 

196 

3 

Fiiirfax 

1,179 

472 

1,634 

601 

21 

Fauquier. . . . 

1,204 

367 

1,473 

421 

3 

Floyd 

472 

893 

781 

412 

26 

Fluvanna.  . . 

513 

81 

602 

357 

10 

Franklin .... 

1,481 

1,094 

1,809 

1.178 

21 

Frederick .  .  . 

1,194 

366 

1,490 

337 

4 

F'dericks'g* . 

380 

173 

517 

451 

10 

'Jiles 

839 

59B 

1,169 

740 

40 

Gloucester.  . 

582 

142 

715 

297 

17 

Goophland .  . 

413 

193 

620 

213 

31 

Grayson .... 

967 

1,244 

1,209 

826 

106 

Greene 

221 

239 

385 

123 

1 

Greenes  ville. 

392 

■     76 

445 

130 

12 

Halifax 

1,781 

493 

2,177 

605 

16 

Hampton*.  . 

350 

56 

467 

177 

16 

Hanover. .  .  . 

760 

102 

945 

260 

10 

Henrico 

690 

140 

854 

433 

19 

Henry 

851 

567 

1,070 

749 

28 

Highland .  .  . 

370 

310 

561 

141 

14 

Isle  of  Wight 

679 

140 

768 

284 

8 

James  City. . 

127 

34 

160 

67 

6 

King  George 

223 

217 

420 

263 

9 

King  and  Q'n 

271 

127 

466 

202 

1 

King  William 

342 

119 

426 

166 

6 

lAucaster . . . 

461 

58 

549 

457 

4 

I^ee 

1,287 

1,569 

2,047 

1.139 

122 

Loudoun 

1,490 

404 

1,763 

586 

24 

lx)ulsa 

710 

263 

831 

466 

18 

Lunenburg. . 
Lynchburg* . 

814 
1,465 

110 
353 

933 

1,988 

235 
663 

6 

45 

Madison. .  .  . 

572 

348 

915 

217 

5 

Mathews. . .  . 

549 

90 

625 

363 

14 

Mecklenburg 

1,317 

222 

1,500 

479 

14 

Middlesex. .  . 

373 

155 

567 

274 

12 

Montgomery 

765 

891 

1,2.36 

756 

27 

Nansemond . 

663 

70 

738 

229 

Nelson 

1,063 

249 

1,338 

380 

30 

New  Kent. . . 

192 

69 

232 

100 

2 

Newp.N'ws* 

939 

465 

1,543 

903 

327 

Norfolk* .... 

3,234 

963 

4,736 

5,765 

231 

Norfolk 

1,612 

684 

2,262 

1.582 

36 

Northam'ton 

802 

109 

875 

316 

9 

Northumb'd. 

503 

in 

615 

220 

9 

Nottoway . . . 

608 

91 

674 

338 

5 

Orange ..... 

608 

153 

822 

308 

8 

Page 

842 

613 

1,103 

457 

22 

Patrick ..... 

872 

815 

949 

694 

44 

Petersburg* , 

1,155 

161 

1,280 

479 

8 

Pittsylvania. 

2,012 

801 

2,602 

881 

■     39 

Portamouth* 

1,368 

376 

1,626 

1,053 

26 

Powhatan. .. 

233 

112 

366 

123 

12 

Prince  Edw'd 

668 

108 

782 

383 

5 

PriflceGeo'ge 

282 

75 

360 

779 

1 

Prlnc'ssAnne 

515 

67 

650 

175 

2 

PririceWill'm 

754 

192 

903 

272 

19 

Pulaski 

1,057 

721 

1,232 

631 

17 

Radford* . .  . 

206 

115 

301 

280 

11 

Rappahan'k . 

401 

84 

486 

199 

5 

Richmom  *, . 

6,987 

1.210 

9,043 

3,045 

56 

Rlcljmonc . .,. 
Roinoke* . , . 

329 

180 

460 

232 

8 

2,246 

610 

2,962 

1,533 

63 

Roanokev... 
Rockbridge,. 

850 

460 

1,130 

379 

8 

1.049 

601 

1,380 

541 

32 

Rockingham 

1,996 

1,641 

2,854 

1.759 

239 

Riisi9ell.  .  .■.,. 

1,57C 

1.410 

2,221 

1.419 

67 

Scott.  ...... 

1,31S 

1.743 

1,716 

1,332 

61 

Shenandoah. 

1,440 

1,425 

2,080 

874 

116 

VIRGINIA— Conttnued. 


President. 

V.  S.  Sena- 

Governor, 

1916.      - 

tor,  1916. 

1913. 

Codntjes 

Wil- 

Hu 

Swan- 

No 

Camp 

AND  Cities. 

son. 

ghes. 

son, 

oppo- 

Stu'rt 

bell. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

.sition. 

Dem. 

Soc. 

Smyth 

1,134 

1,321 

30 

1,174 

no 

Southani'ton 

1,045 

128 

1,106 

762 

16 

Spotsylvania 

398 

249 

670 

525 

25 

Stafford .... 

444 

422 

618 

327 

II 

Staunton*. . . 

511 

311 

771 

707 

97 

Suffolk*.  .  .  . 

437 

158 

543 

200 

Surry 

429 

90 

509 

179 

12 

Sussex 

486 

96 

560 

231 

3 

Tazewell. . . . 

1,108 

1,591 

1,937 

955 

58 

Warren 

583 

214 

768 

396 

17 

Warwick 

97 

53 

147 

65 

12 

Washington. 

1,863 

1,717 

2,490 

1,878 

99 

Westraorel'd 

338 

126 

477 

197 

3 

Williamsb'g* 

97 

21 

102 

93 

7 

Winchester* 

468 

196 

668 

468 

57 

Wise 

1,468 

1,862 

2,481 

1,276 

85 

Wythe 

1,334 

1,370 

1,893 

673 

9 

York 

247 

51 

303 

89 

3 

Total 

102,824^ 

'49,358 

133,056 

66.518 

3,789 

WASHINGTON. 


Counties. 
(39.) 


Adams 

Asotin.. . . 
Benton . . . 
Chelan . .  . 
Clallam... 

Clarke 

Columbia. 
Cowlitz. . . 
Douglas . . 

Ferry 

Franklin. . 
Garfield... 
Grant .... 
Grays  Harb'r 

Island 

Jefferson .... 

King 

Kitsap 

Kittitas 

Klickitat. . . . 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Mason 

Okanogan . . . 

Pacific 

Pend  d'Or'le. 

Pierce 

San  Juan . .  . 

Skagit 

Skamania . .  . 
Snohomish . . 
Spokane .... 

Stevens 

Thurston .  . . 
Wahkiakum . 
Walla  Walla. 
Whatcom. . . 
Whitman .  .  . 
Yakima 


Prb.sident,    U.  S.  Sen.v 

1916.       TOR,  191R. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


1,287 
1,125 
1,298 
2,757 
1,328 
3,720 
1,156 
1,280 
1,914 

908 
1,105 

722 
1,555 
4,978 

854 

864 
52,246 
3,496 
2,595 
1.470 
4,321 
2,816 

780 

2,882 

1,539 

1.081 

18,942 

665 
4,927 

453 

8,398 

21.305 

3.181 

2.666 

340 
4,421 
5,636 
5,866 
6,116 


Hu  Tur- 
ghes,  ner. 
Rep.  Dem. 


1,235 
•  992 
1,411 
3,004 
1,455 
4.413 
1,144 
2,107 
1,124 

580 

671 

843 
1,207 
4,987 

802 
1,090 
38,679 
2,630 
2,286 
1,652 
5,161 
2,354 

759 
1.881 
2,662 

915 
16,737 

586 
4.120 

484 
8,598 
19,475 
2.677 
3,209 

489 
4.403 
7,597 
4.927 
7,lo3 


1.142 

926 

982 

1,819 

807 

2,617 

944 

989 

1,600 

739 

844 

669 

1,160 

4,106 

599 

544 

35,480 

1,521 

1,932 

1,002 

3,707 

2,314 

580 

2.065 

1,177 

888 

15.435 

456 

3.264 

300 

6,016 

17,346 

2,532 

2,027 

2$9 

3,328 

3,785 

4,973 

4,485 


Total 182,993  166,^99  135,339  202,287  181.642  167.802 


Poin- 
d'x'r 
Rep. 


1..331 
1,054 
1,802 
3,774 
1,903 
4.979 
1,270 
2.281 
1,391 

697 

853 

827 
1,529 
5,613 

967 
1.287 
49,849 
4,476 
2,891 
1.822 
5,488 
2,732 

887 

2,642 

2,783 

1,088 

19,840 

755 
5,445 

515 

10.251 

23,521 

3,192 

3,416 

521 
5,454 
9,011 
6,584 
8.560 


Governor, 
1916. 


Lis- 
ter, 
Dem. 


Mo- 

Brida 

Rep. 


1.581 
1.185 
1.561 
3,246 
1.390 
2,904 
1,241 
1,391 
2,014 

909 
1,181 

775 
1,405 
5,004 
1,016 

769 
15,438 
2,909 
2,557 
1,554 
4,838 
3,050 

795 

3,075 

1,610 

1,066 

19,590 

494 
5,192 

389 

9,040 

21.23« 

3,490 

2,493 

382 
4,991 
6,158 
6.098 
7.625 


970 

927 
1.332 
2,626 
1,483 
5,093 
1,081 
2,035 
1,038 

578 

586 

768 
1,338 
4.957 

643 
1,160 
43,350 
3,138 
2,409 
1,399 
4,752 
2,143 

758 

1,817 

.,2,516 

952 

16,517 

.775 

4,007 

503 

8,080 

19,937 

2,404 

3,248 

430 
4,040 
7,202 
4,749 
6,061 


Supreme  Court:  Chief  Justice,  O.  G.  Ellis;  As- 
sociate Justices,  Marls  A.  FuUerton,  J.  Stanley 
Webster,  S.  J.  Chadwiek,  E.  N.  Parker.  George  E. 
Morris.  John  F.  Main.  O.  R.  Holcomb.  Wallace 
Mount.  Clerk,  C.  S.  Reinhart. 

statb  legislature. 

Senate.  House.  Joint  Ballot. 

Republicans 37  83  120 

Democrats "5  14   .  19 


Republican  majority. .     32 


101 


182 


Election  Returns  by  States. 


WEST    VIRGINIA. 


Counties. 
(55.) 


Barbour.  . . 
Berkeley . . . 

Boone 

Braxton .  .  . 
Brooke .... 

Cabell 

Caliioun . . . 

Clay 

Doddridge . 
Fayette .... 

Gilmer 

Grant 

Greenbrier . 
Hampshire. 
Hancock . . . 

Hardy 

Harrison . . . 
Jackson . . . . 
Jefferson . . . 
Kanawha . . 

Lewis 

Lincoln .... 

Logan 

Marlon. . . . 
Marshall , . . 

Mason 

Mercer .... 
Minera! . . . . 

Mingo 

Monongalia 
Monroe.... 
Morgan . . . . 
McDowell. . 
Nicholas.. . 

Ohio 

Pendleton. . 
Pleasants.  . 
Pocahontaa. 
Preston... . 
Putnam. . . 
Raleigh .... 
Randolph . . 

Ritchie 

Roane 

Summers. . . 

Taylor 

Tucker. . ... 

Tyler 

Upshur . . , . , 
Wayne .  . . . , 
Webster ... 
Wetzel .... 

Wirt 

Wood 

Wyoming . . 

Total.... 


PRES.,  1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


1,848 
2,938 
1,397 
2,957 
1.261 
6,446 
1.317 
1,047 
1,061 
5,377 
1,695 

391 
3,170 
2,181 

891 
1,425 
5,970 
2,032 
2,544 
10,276 
2,248 
2,113 
3,270 
6.493 
2,997 
2,336 
4,836 
1,747 
2,472 
2,227 
1,609 

666 
3,692 
2,467 
6,074 
1,276 

899 
1,849 
1,694 
1,837 
3,319 
3,024 
1.657 
2,186 
2,389 
1,672 
1.388 
1,336 
1,019 
2,989 
1,513 
2,797 
1,072 
4,817 
1,199 


Hu 

ghes 
Rep. 


2,083 
2,802 
1,504 
2,332 
1,422 
5,728 

936 
1,021 
1,803 
5,511 

943 
1,438 
2,601 

745 
1,434 

701 
6,262 
2,474 
1,181 
10,096 
2,263 
2,104 
2,107 
4,443 
3,699 
2,454 
4,788 
1,965 
2,223 
3,412 
1.584 

1,: 

7,086 
2,056 
7,349 

838 

876 
1,550 
3,838 
1,925 
3,791 
2,162 
2,225 
2,406 
1,781 
2,002 
1,531 
1,900 
2,553 
2,215 

854 
1.910 

951 
4,521 
1,484 


U.S.SEN.1916    Gov.,  1916. 


Chil- 
ton, 
Dem. 


1,798 
2,918 
1,394 
2,928 
1,192 
6,439 
1,299 
1,046 
1.042 
5,420 
1,679 

384 
3,154 
2,071 

884 
1,420 
5,813 
2,013 
2,548 
10,436 
2,192 
2,093 
3,223 
5,449 
2,973 
2,317 
4,751 
1,684 
2,449 
2,196 
1,608 

650 
3,629 
2,467 
5,919 
1,259 

895 
1,767 
li642 
1,836 
3,254 
3,826 
1,608 
2,181 
2,357 
1,592 
1,395 
1,296 

995 
2,939 
1,509 
2,771 
1,080 
4,767 
1,138 


S'th' 
land, 
Rep 


2,140 
2,810 
1,500 
2,354 
1,473 
5.670 

950 
1,014 
1,815 
5,432 

915 
1,452 
2,60r 

748 
1,457 

702 
6,381 
2,479 
1,185 
»  9,965 
2,324 
2,119 
2,092 
4,488 
3,703 
2,451 
4 

2,020 
2,238 
3,443 
1,585 
1,223 
7,057 
2,073 
7,464 

908 

880 
1,609 
3,867 
1,941 
3,834 
2,377 
2,265 
2,412 
1,799 
2,075 
1,561 
1,925 
2,584 
2,250 

857 
1.918 

938 
4,540 
1,481 


140,403  143.124  138,585  144,243  143,324  140,569 


Corn- 
well, 
Dem. 


Rob- 
inson 
Rep. 


1,926 

2,009 

3,024 

2,726 

1,399 

1,511 

2,962 

2,314 

1,203 

1,497 

6.,599 

5,590 

1,324 

929 

1,077 

987 

1,096 

1,755 

5,576 

5,372 

1,697 

935 

449 

1,384 

3,234 

2,517 

2,193 

631 

883 

1,477 

1,459 

657 

6,049 

6,230 

2,099 

2,384 

2,565 

1,167 

10,395 

10,072 

2,303 

2,204 

2,114 

2,102 

3,211 

2,161 

5,560 

4,456 

3,167 

3,540 

2,375 

2,423 

4,912 

4,729 

1,792 

1,936 

2,535 

2,159 

2,405 

3,291 

1,636 

1,550 

711 

1,171 

3,888 

6,834 

2.472 

2,078 

6,328 

7,172 

1,283 

882 

898 

876 

1.839 

1,554 

1,785 

3,727 

1,907 

1,866 

3,411 

3,704 

3,133 

2.077 

1,741 

2,135 

2,226 

2,328 

2,429 

1,733 

1,627 

2,070 

1,529 

1,488 

1,388 

1.844 

1,037 

2,535 

2,989 

2,210 

1,505 

859 

2,855 

1,864 

1,084 

942 

4,819 

4,481 

1,221 

1,464 

WISCONSIN. 

PrE8.,  1916. 

U  S.SBN.1916 

Gov.,  1916. 

.Counties. 
^■.  (71.) 

WU- 

son, 

Dem. 

Hu 
ghes. 
Rep. 

Wolfe 
Dem. 

LaFo 
lette. 
Rep. 

Wlll-I 
iams, 
Dem. 

Phil- 

iPD. 

Rep. 

Adams 

Ashland .... 

Barron 

Bayfield... . 

Brown 

Buffalo 

Bm-nett 

Galumet. . . . 
Chippewa. . . 

Clark 

Columbia. . . 
Crawford . . . 

Dane 

Dodge 

Door 

Douglas. . . . 

Duun 

Eau  Claire. . 
Florence. . . . 

824 
1,582 
1,863 

996 
5,771 
1,043 

638 
1,382 
2,233 
1,614 
2.299 
1.764 
9.859 
4,519 
1,204 
2,940 
1,447 
2,29« 

162 

957 
1,998 
2,746 
1,320 
4,132 
1,492 
1,007 
1,979 
3,324 
3,371 
3,395 
1,883 
6,931 
4,887 
1,656 
3,007 
2,556 
2,922 

112 

439 
1,105 
1,037 

483 
4,073 

621 
.272 
1,312 
1,687 
1,124 
1,527 
1,449 
5,133 
4.300 

553 
1,580 

683 
1,214 

89 

1,178 
2,187 
3,147 
1,679 
4,902 
1,709 
1,343 
1,949 
3,527 
3,587 
3,813 
2,057 
11,110 
4,522 
1,936 
3,957 
3,048 
3,557 
436 

650 
1,719 
1,726 

942 
4,351 

811 

571 
1,352 
2,074 
1.375 
2,023 
1.756 
10,335 
4,442 

638 
2,808 
1,082 
2,083 

111 

989 
1,768 
2,512 
1,286 
4,734 
1,582 
1.034 
1,975 
3,261 
3.378 
3,425 
1,817 
6,168 
4,636 
1,973 
2,914 
2,698 
2,810 

447 

WISCONSIN— (7o«<naerf. 

Pres 

.  1916. 

U.S.SBN.1946 

Gov.,  1916. 

Counties. 

Wil- 

Hu 

LaFo 

Wlll- 

Phll- 

son, 

ghes. 

Wolfe 

lette. 

TfiUlS, 

ipp. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Dem. 

Rep. 

Fond  du  Lac 

5,021 

5,781 

3,995 

5,919 

4,507 

5,745 

Forest 

637 

738 

402 

831 

518 

744 

Grant 

3,459 

4,718 

2,693 

5,007 

3,078 

4,776 

Green 

1,687 

2,422 

1.307 

2,519 

1,857 

2,103 

Green  Lake.. 

1,352 

1,647 

1,087 

1,680 

1,185 

1,646 

Iowa 

2,230 

2,271 

1,684 

2,604 

2,252 

2,122 

Iron 

475 

672 

254 

825 

379 

770 

Jackson 

963 

1,866 

505 

2,155 

694 

1,978 

Jefferson 

3,645 

3,785 

3,379 

3,608 

3,404 

3,845 

Juneau 

1,442 

2,292 

931 

2,519 

1,182 

2,377 

Kenosha 

2,816 

3,537 

2,323 

3,496 

2,255 

3,721 

Kewanee 

2,011 

1,104 

1,542 

1,345 

1,591 

1,365 

La  Crosse... 

4,123 

3,597 

3,701 

3,815 

3,871 

3,552 

La  Fayette. . 

2,059 

2,544 

1,773 

2,608 

1.983 

2,422 

Langlade 

1,755 

1,538 

1,348 

1,767 

1,537 

1,617 

Lincoln 

1,282 

2,189 

1,184 

2,171 

1,330 

2,035 

Manitowoc. . 

4,338 

4,224 

3,484 

4,761 

3,921 

4,421 

Marathon... 

3,677 

5,838 

3,584 

5,743 

3.645 

5,782 

Marinette... 

2,205 

2,767 

1,404 

3,226 

1,597 

3,124 

Marquette.  . 

923 

1,377 

635 

1,450 

856 

1,226 

Milwaukee. . 

34,812 

27,831 

20,150 

36,016 

23,109 

34.968 

Monroe 

1,991 

3,013 

1,540 

3,142 

2,055 

2,732 

Oconto 

1,892 

2,570 

1,330 

2,932 

1,493 

2.775 

Oneida 

1.054 

1.089 

624 

1,327 

813 

1,165 

Outagamie. . 

4,442 

5,302 

4,170 

5,211 

4,136 

5,318 

Ozaukee.  . . . 

1,577 

1,610 

1,507 

1,489 

1,537 

1,529 

Pepin 

622 

766 

459 

787 

590 

'     704 

Pierce 

1,650 

1,945 

719 

2,546 

1.167 

2,133 

Polk 

1,713 

2,080 

776 

2,827 

1,455 

2,159 

Portage 

3,ono 

2,530 

2,562 

2,739 

2,857 

2,528 

Price 

1,049 

1,620 

579 

1,869 

850 

1,659 

Racine 

5,081 

4.495 

3,355 

5,644 

4,066 

4,971 

Richland.... 

1,845 

2,051 

1,319 

2,293 

1,733 

1.939 

Rock 

4,015 

7,011 

2,976 

6,962 

3,230 

7,161 

Rusk 

926 

989 

486 

1,245 

775 

999 

St.  Croix.... 

2,352 

2.731 

1,546 

3,217 

2,027 

2,766 

Sauk 

2,257 

3,779 

1,719 

3,827 

2,079 

3,68S 

Sawyer 

562 

550 

344 

673 

526 

529 

Shawano .... 

1,367 

3,415 

1,013 

3,566 

1,176 

3,425 

Sheboygan. . 

3,885 

5,562 

3,310 

5,723 

3,715 

6,394 

Taylor 

845 

1,544 

617 

1,681 

721 

1,544 

Trempealeau 

1,578 

2,138 

1,089 

2,449 

1,372 

2,177 

Vernon 

1,830 

2,912 

1,108 

3,404 

1,765 

2,740 

Vilas 

467 

531 

331 

585 

368 

66S 

Walworth... 

2,440 

3,988 

1,814 

4,136 

1,955 

4,129 

Washburn.. . 

644 

938 

361 

1,115 

413 

1,997 

Washington. 

2,732 

2,892 

2.399 

2,931 

2,401 

3.087 

Waukesha.. . 

4,192 

3,768 

3,047 

4,420 

3,365 

4,164 

Waupaca .  .  . 

1,720 

4,492 

1,026 

4,850 

1,554 

4.404 

Waushara. . . 

•1,015 

2,345 

387 

2,698 

707 

2.425 

Winnebago. . 

5.242 

5,923 

3.973 

6,734 

5,010 

5.815 

Wood 

2,625 

2,954 

2,069 

3,275 

2,416 

3,000 

Soldier  vote 

1.090 

.  1,087 

533 

1,397 

618 

1,423 

Total 

193.042 

221,323 

135,144 

251.303 

164,555 

229.889 

WYOMING 

• 

Pres.  ,  1916. 

U.S.Sen.1918 

GOV.  1918. 

Counties. 
(21.) 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 

Hu 
ghes, 
Rep. 

Os- 
borne 
Dem. 

War- 
ren, 
Rep. 

Ho 
ux, 

Dem. 

Car 
Rep. 

Albany 

Big  Horn.  . . 
Campbell . . . 

Carbon 

Converse. . . . 

Crook 

Fremont.. . . 

Goshen 

Hot  Springs. 
Johnson .... 
Laramie .... 

Lincoln 

Natrona .... 

Niobrara 

Park 

Platte 

Sheridan .... 
Sweetwater. . 

Uinta 

Washakie. . . 
Weston 

1,571 
1,493 

690 
1,661 

879 
1,181 
1,752 
1,096 

760 

812 
2,759 
2,378 
1,377 

599 
1,146 
1,276 
2,906 
1,496 
1,295 

455 

731 

1,313 

1,239 

448 

1,217 

766 

846 

1,407 

770 

523 

814 

2,423 

1,126 

912 

533 

1,092 

806 

1,914 

1,287 

622 

344 

791 

827 
903 
427 
1,012 
708 
-,  561 

msi 

587 

483 

503 

1,688 

1,300 

867 

277 

699 

853 

1,678 

1,185 

1,014 

366 

458 

1,557 

1,226 

530 

1,262 

1,099 

659 

1,497 

906 

674 

827 

3,025 

1,276 

1,702 

623 

1,060 

1,198 

1,691 

1,100 

882 

468 

713 

978 

941 

421 

1,020 

824 

559 

1,158 

693 

550 

-526 

1,916 

1,410 

936 

342 

.   765 

778 

1,698 

1,224 

1,022 

365 

514 

1,442 

1,295 

530 

1,249 

1,067 

648 

1,557 

888 

692 

789 

2,886 

1.2.'')5 

1,682 

584 

1,062 

1,329 

1,694 

1,092 

830 

467 

687 

Total 

23,316 

21,698 

17.538 

23.975 

18.640 

23,725 

Election  Returns. 


183 


INEW    YORK. 

(Soldier  vote  not  Included). 


Counties. 
(62.) 


Albany 

Allegany 

Bronx 

Broome. . .. . . 

Cattaraugus. . 

Cayuga 

(Chautauqua. . 
Chemung. . . . 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Columbia. . . . 

Cortland 

Delaware .... 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton. , 

Genesee 

(5reene 

Hamilton . 

Herkimer .... 

Jeftereon 

Kings 

Lewis • 

Livingston.  . . 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 

Nassau.' 

New  York.. . . 
Niagara.. . . . . 

Oneid.T. 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

rutnam 

Queens 

Rensselaer. . . 
Richmond.. . . 
Rockland .... 
St.  Lawrence . 

Sai-atoga 

Schenectady.. 
Schoharie. . . . 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins.... 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington. . 

Wayne 

Westchester. . 
Wyoming. . . . 
Yates. . ; 


Total 

Plur.ility 

Per  cent ...... 

Whole  vote. 


Popula- 
tion by 
1915 

State 
Census. 


183,330 
40.216 

61.5,C00 

,    90,041 

72,756 

65,751 

116,818 
59,017 
36,648 
47,561 
44,111 
30,074 
45,995 
91,044 

571,897 
32,461 
46,181 
45.625 
40,707 
30,091 
4,491 
64,109 
81,009 
1.798,513 
25,947 
38,427 
41,742 

319,310 
61,030 

116,825 
2,137,747 

108.550 

167,331 

213,992 
54,628 

118,118 
33,919 
75,929 
48,534 
12,767 

396.727 

121.330 
98,634 
46,903 
90,291 
62,982 
98,625 
23,005 
13,954 
25,249 
83,630 

104,342 
38,189 
25,549 
36,535 
85,367 
32,977 
46,955 
53,476 

321,713 
33,028 
18,841 


9.687.744 


President, 
1916. 


Wilson, 
Dcm. 


18,799 
3,191 

47,870 
8,906 
6,565 
6,391 
7,153 
7,461 
3,887 
4,130 
4,938 
2,693 
4,986 
8.906 

45,622 
2,373 
3,593 
4.085 

.  2,802 
3,622 
623 
6,271 
7.089 
125,625 
2,675 
3,608 
3,937 

21,782 

5,347 

8,430 

139,547 

8,367 

16,070 

19,892 
5,286 

10,198 
2,529 
6,210 
5,975 
1,290 

31,350 

13.822 
8,843 
4,469 
6,056 
6,711 
S,962 
3,457 
1,629 
2,845 
8,032 
8,422 
3,659 
2,748 
3,456 
7,807 
2;825 
3,907 
4,797 

22,457 
2,783 
1,666 


759,426 


Hughes, 
Rep. 


26,519 
6,209 

40,338 

11,366 
8,685 
7,831 

14,346 
6,351 
6,148 
4,958 
5,229 
4.468 
6.205 

10.886 

53.191 
4,609 
5,086 
6,687 
5,537 
3,617 
612 
7,647 

11,110 

119,675 

3,393 

5,133 

5,816 

39,142 
6,044 

13,776 
111,926 

11,976 

18,661 

27,603 
7,491 

13,131 
4,863 
9,854 
6,855 
1,708 

34,670 

14,640 
7,204 
4,988 

13,029 
8,021 
9,378 
2,826 
1,947 
3,278 

10,076 

12,669 
4,315 
3,335 
4,658 

10,680 
4,832 
7,281 
7,341 

33,807 
4,892 
2,918 


869.066 

119,812 

51 

1.706.305 


Ben- 
son. 
Soc. 


U.  S.  SENATOa, 
1916. 


Governor.  1918.' 
(Civilian  Vote) . 


285 

94 

6.995 

209 

377 

117 

924 

220 

54 

21 

24 

105 

153 

133 

2.305 

21 

17 

425 

19 

59 

3 

188 

324 

10.220 

12 

18 

126 

1,444 

112 

127 

12,013 

317 

367 

1,113 

53 

238 

19 

46 

74 

5 

2,356 

213 

204 

85 

67 

154 

1,446 

11 

13 

25 

196 

168 

110 

94 

121 

71 

126 

108 

22 

932 

22 

24 


45,944 
'st'2" 


Mc- 

Combs, 

Dem. 


15.343 
2.286 

40.044 
5.595 
4,954 
4,888 
5,082 
6,997 
2,723 
2,904 
3,923 
'1,828 
3,464 
7,543 

39,830 
1,526 
2.526 
3,133 
2,292 
2,868 
464 
5,119 
5,401 

87,183 
2,033 
2,803 
2,835 

19,625 

4,478 

6,860 

119,100 

6,707 

12,792 

15,249 
3,976 
8,400 
1,858 
4,675 
4,539 
968 

27,894 

12,920 
7,471 
3,494 
4,342 
4,906 
7.419 
2,646 
1,122 
2,257 
6,339 
6,457 
2,931 
1,890 
2,75i 
6,978 
2,157 
2,838 
3,618 

19,542 
1,922 
1,219 


Cal- 
der, 
Rep. 


605,933 


39 


25,922 
5,769 

35,192 

10,923 
8,116 
7,789 

13,275 
6,613 
4,961 
4,466 
4,898 
4,083 
5,619 

10,616 

52,430 
3,920 
4,716 
6,760 
6,290 
3,469 
535 
7,431 

10.502 

135.193 

3,063 

4,853 

5,492 

38,587 
6,460 

13,059 
100,594 

11,387 

18,097 

26.868 
6,993 

12,761 
4,469 
9,054 
5.694 
1,562 

31,556 

14,628 
6.523 
4,742 

11.003 
7.609 
9,237 
2,546 
1,862 
3,234 
9,414 

11,811 
3,785 
3.185 
4,399 
9.783 
4,233 
6,574 
6,891 

32,782 
4,381 
2,755 


Can- 
non, 
Soc. 


839,314 
233,.381 

54 
1,545,141 


381 

93 

9,900 

252 

413 

157 

980 

222 

57 

29 

26 

117 

149 

157 

2,389 

23 

20 

503 

23 

04 

1 

204 

361 

14,282 

9 

24 

127 

1,734 

147 

143 

17.645 

358 

414 

1,300 

62 

269 

23 

55 

100 

9 

2,874 

245 

226 

101 

66 

180 

1,895 

12 

13 

26 

219 

193 

133 

83 

128 

96 

137 

136 

32 

1.110 

27 

24 


61,167 


Smith, 
Dem. 


25,647 

2,784 

76,343 

10,011 

5,119 

6,251 

5,839 

6,357 

3,507 

2,774 

6,183 

2,586 

5,566 

10,109 

47,245 

2,063 

2,711 

3.416 

2,660 

3,888 

561 

6.161 

7,186 

198,248 

2,454 

2,975 

4,149 

27,902 

6,224 

10,214 

231,463 

8,629 

18,773 

26,389 

5,120 

10,828 

2,418 

7,186 

5,348 

1,789 

68,556 

19,777 

12,666 

6,645 

5,679 

9,577 

8,437 

3,411 

1,386 

2,978 

7,660 

11,305 

4,485 

2,511 

3,062 

8,168 

3*240 

3,977 

3,312 

30,149 

2,310 

1.336 


Whit- 
man, 
Rep. 


1026362 


36,374 

7.486 

30,650 

tl8,346 

9,934 

11,088 

16,584 

11,111 

7,218 

4,818 

6,991 

6,328 

8,043 

12.618 

51,259 

4,6C9 

5,268 

6,680 

6,153 

4,703 

491 

8,395 

14.204 

119,247 

1,789 

5,903 

6,982 

42,368 

7,947 

14,204 

99,398 

12,261 

21,050 

33,273 

10,637 

14,727 

4,447 

11,724 

8,727 

2,222 

29,350 

19,403 

6,428 

6,913 

16,609 

11,857 

12,158 

4,046 

3,089 

4,909 

13,779 

15,843 

4,338 

5,078 

6,046 

11,670 

6,078 

9,021 

8,603 

37,424. 

5,935 

4,434 


948,217 


Ervin, 
Soc. 


720 

154 

20,022 

259 

278 

192 

877 

206 

63 

13 

93 

108 

155 

404 

11,336 

23 

32 

344 

104 

73 

2 

299 

216 

29,220 

24 

141 

121 

4.883 

202 

366 

28,629 

708 

1,080 

2,868 

122 

492 

2,174 

118 

66 

26 

7,106 

1,128 

614 

288 

60 

136 

2,191 

41 

11 

37 

294 

404 

314 

51 

103 

187 

84 

59 

6S 

2.543 

120 

29 


123,071' 


*  President  1916,  Hughes,  Rep.,  on  Amer.  ticket,  10,172;  Hanly,  Proh.,  19,031;  Relmer  Soc.  Lab.,  2,666. 

U,  S.  Senator,  1916,  Colvln.  Proh.,  19,302;  Colby,  Ind.  L.  and  Prog.,  15,339;  GillhaTjs,  Soc.  Lab.,  4,086. 

Governor.  1916,  Seabury,  Dem.,  686,862;  Whitman,  Rep.,  835,820;  Lee,  Soc,  52,560;  Welch,  3Proh.. 
21,773;  Crowley,  Soc.  Lab.,  3,847,  ^V^litlnan  also  got,  on  Progressive  ticket,  6,669;  Ind.  L.,  5,266;  Ameri- 
can, 2,265. 

Governor,  1918  (other  votes  not  in  above  table),  Wliitman,  Proh.,  37,327;  Wliitman,  scattering,  250; 
Johnson,;  Soc.  Lab.,  4,751;  blank,  40,281;  void,  16,104;  scattering,  503. 

The  feoldier  and  sailor  vote  was  17,080  In  the  whole  State,  and  6,983  in  New  York  City. 

Civiliari  vote  for  Secretary  of  State,  New  York  City,  1918,  Bard,  Dem.  (Manhattan),  184,058;  (Bronx) 
70,062;  ;  (Brooklyn)  154,891;  (Queens)  53,416;  (Richmond)  12,140.  Hugo,  Rep^  (ManhattaB)  102,087; 
(Bronx);  31,503;   (Brooklyn)   128,890;   (Queens)  30,869;  (Richmond)  6,259.     '   ' 

Hugham,  Soc.  (Manhattan)  33,278;  (Bronx)  22,583;  (Brooklyn)  33,156;  (Queenay  7^942 i  (Richmond)  666. 


184 


improved  Order  of  Red  Men. 


NEW  YORK   STATE 

1917  VOTE 

COUNTIES. 

ArrnRNEY-GENER 

Kh. 

Suffrage 
amendment  1. 

D'TL'T,  CiTI'S 
AMENDMENT  2. 

Hod- 
son, 
Dem. 

Lewis, 
Rep. 

Block, 
Soc. 

Burr, 
Proh. 

Yea. 

No. 

Yes. 

No. 

Alhnnv 

11,207 

27,569 

1,230 

271 

15,026 

21,375 

16,276 

13.179 

No     contest     for     Associate 

Allegany .... 

1,517 

5,150 

213 

465 

4,172 

3,248 

2,481 

3,184 

Judges,  Court  of  Appeals  by  Re- 

Bronx  

41,260 

25,242 

24,750 

325 

52,660 

36,346 

47,847 

22,338 

publican  and  Democratic  parties. 

Broome 

4,695 

10,543 

387 

823 

9,449 

•    6,861 

8,276 

4,807 

Cattaraugus. 

3,204 

7,075 

682 

441 

6,744 

4,943 

4,394 

4,284 

VOTE  ON  SUPREME  COURT 

Cayuga 

3,484 

7,397 

188 

241 

5,587 

5,160 

3,631 

4,415 

JUDGES. 

Cbautauqua. 

2,723 

10,913 

1,511 

819 

9,448 

5,784 

5,223 

4,635 

Chemung .... 

4,749 

6,605 

407 

729 

5,684 

6,517 

5,605 

4,638 

FiHST  Judicial  District. 

Chenango. . . 

1,664 

4,145 

109 

344 

3,473 

2,682 

2,465 

2,286 

Clinton 

2,401 

4,409 

40 

176 

2,985 

3,657 

2,040 

2,922 

John  V.  McAvoy,  Dem . , .  149,663 

/  Columbia .... 

3,353 

5,147 

120 

116 

3,099 

4,658 

2,624 

3,826 

Samuel  H.  Ordway,  Rep . .  104,044 

/  Cortland .... 

1,472 

4,128 

175 

399 

3,644 

2,564 

2,891 

2,015 

Nicholas  Aleinlkoff.  Soc. . .  60,685 

/    Delaware .... 

2,935 

5,970 

238 

332 

5,224 

4,492 

3,137 

4,222 

Daniel  Danehy,  Proh 803 

/  '  Dutchess .... 

6,508 

9,717 

539 

282 

0,207 

6,817 

5,024 

4,984 

/      Erie 

26,804 

40,465 

13,256 

1,917 

31,9,52 

27,617 

21,108 

21,949 

/       Essex 

1,079 

3,691 

69 

107 

2,891 

2,869 

2,623 

2,319 

Second  Judicial  District. 

/        Franklin 

1,326 

3.129 

43 

152 

2,125 

2,265 

1,467 

1,949 

//        Fulton 

2,068 

6,239 

821 

407 

3,785 

3,654 

2,293 

2,691 

Edward  Lazansky,  Dem . .  137,70* 

il         Genesee 

1,545 

4,869 

137 

183 

3,076 

3.065 

2,289 

2,675 

R.  3.  Newcombe,  Dem. .  .131,087 

/          Greene 

2,572 

3,641 

143 

127 

2,834 

3,305 

2,319 

2,827 

William  J.  Kelly.  Dem. .  .160,518 

/          Hamilton .... 

363 

463 

8 

18 

453 

541 

353 

409 

Leander  B.  Faber.  Rep . .  .122,946 

/           Herkimer .... 

3,598 

7,345 

331 

272 

4,835 

5,348 

3,919 

4,107 

Selah  B.  Strong.  Rep ....  97,096 

i            Jefferson .... 

4,237 

9,487 

450 

585 

6.442 

8,822 

6,050 

6,587 

Lewis  L.  Fawcett,  Rep . . .  142,3U 

Kings 

101,933 

88,339 

40,948 

1,152 

129,601 

92,315 

117.264 

57,230 

Harry  W.  Laidler,  Soc .  .  .  48,367 

I^ewis 

2,052 

3,207 

45 

115 

2,120 

3,235 

1.599 

2,684 

Harry  Waton,  Soc 45,675 

Livingston . . . 

1,243 

3,286 

103 

130 

1,655 

2,967 

1,297 

2,339 

Morris  Wolfman,  Soc.  .  .  .  43,777 

Madison. . . . 

2,351 

5,556 

214 

350 

4,171 

3,988 

2,626 

3,538 

Harold  D.  Watson. Proh..     1,868 

Monroe 

11,289 

35,273 

8,351 

1,812 

18,362 

22,428 

16,486 

15,885 

John  C.  Judge,  Ind 3,882 

Montgomery 

3,862 

6,153 

464 

146 

4,208 

4,520 

3,359 

3,618 

■>»^     Nassau 

J^**»Nf!w  York... 

4,395 
111,054 

9,287 
74,913 

786 
41,537 

163 
715 

8,008 
129,412 

5,848 
89,124 

6,891 
118,998 

3,993 
53,307 

FOURTH  Judicial  District. 

.-%        Niagara 

5,222 

10,055 

1,391 

367 

7,460 

7,699 

5,996 

5,371 

Oneida 

11,407 

16,583 

1,119 

663 

9,487 

12,279 

7,240 

,  8,994 

George  C.  Stewart,  Dem . .  25,050 

/       ]"        Onondaga . . . 

12,127 

24,969 

4,128 

3,044 

17,877 

16,276 

13,840 

11,433 

William  L.  Allen,  Dem . . .  22,879 

/        Jfr         Ontario 

1        V-         Orange 

3,123 

6,727 

120 

242 

4,118 

5,731 

3,448 

4,121 

Nathaniels.  Spalding,  D.  21,812 

6,046 

12,074 

732 

427 

9,064 

8,536 

6,460 

6,144 

Henry  T.  Kellogg,  Rep . . .  60,865 

/          1           Orleans 

1,126 

3,758 

112 

136 

2,295 

2,804 

1,596 

2,187 

John  M.  Kellogg,  Rep 54,696 

/      '>v         Oswego 

3,432 

8,372 

169 

1,117 

6,497 

5,189 

4,113 

4,410 

George  R.  Salisbury,  Rep.  64,030 

f             ^        Otsego 

3,808 

6,046 

124 

385 

5,268 

5,243 

4,084 

4,463 

Eugene  Patnode,  Soc ....    5,858 

V_,'         Putnam 

S         Queens.. 

V-'         Rensselaer . . . 

901 

1,640 

27 

30 

1,373 

1.119 

1,120 

944 

James  Folan,  Soc 5,686 

■  35,304 

18,728 

11,170 

309 

34,125 

26,794 

31,719 

16,737 

Charles  McNally,Soc....    5,567 

10,927 

14,199 

630 

247 

7,156 

9,406 

5,066 

6,235 

Richmond . .  . 

8,751 

4,559 

1,054 

222 

7,868 

5,224 

6,681 

3,176 

Rockland 

3,042 

4,458 

466 

147 

4,238 

3,735 

3,843 

2,653 

Sixth  Judicial  District. 

St.  Lawrence. 

2,945 

9,760 

166 

425 

6,395 

8,142 

5,506 

6,531 

Saratoga.  .  .  . 

3,841 

8,142 

240 

335 

6,855 

5,862 

5,594 

4,771 

Monroe  M.  Sweetland,  D.  26,481 

Schenectady . 

4,152 

8,439 

3,551 

486 

6,955 

5,628 

4,154 

3,488 

Abraham  L.  Kellogg,  Rep.  53,927 

\                     Schoharie 

2,746 

2,704 

60 

303 

2,501 

3,067 

1,786 

2,952 

Wm.  C.  Thompson,  Soo. .    2,148 

\                   Schuyler 

980 

1,987 

28 

141 

1,576 

1.725 

1,137 

1.613 

\                     Seneca 

1,929 

3,257 

47 

311 

2,376 

3,016 

2,132 

2,487 

\                  Steuben 

4,529 

9,686 

326 

712 

6,760 

6,866 

4,606 

5.984 

Eighth  Judicial  District. 

\                  Suffolk 

4,046 

8,105 

910 

278 

7,188 

5,746 

5,224 

4,154 

\                 Sullivan 

2,661 

3,822 

524 

137 

3,351 

3,775 

2,592 

3,426 

J.  S.  Lambert,  Rep.-Dem .  119,847 

\                 Tioga 

1,011 

2,375 

92 

212 

1,909 

1,795 

1,370 

1,585 

C.  B.  Sears,  Rep.-Dem . .  .111,254 

\                 Tompkins.  .  . 

2,211 

3,990 

150 

344 

3,739 

2,410 

2,242 

1,957 

Chas.  Bauman,  Soc 18.196 

\               Ulster .-. . 

5,293 

9,548 

370 

524 

5,769 

9,447 

5,777 

6,882 

Rudolph  J.  Rexin.  Soc. . .  16,610 

\             Warren 

1,674 

3,940 

195 

120 

3,147 

3,156 

2,316 

2,530 

\            Washington. . 

2,154 

6,325 

178 

226 

4,821 

4,573 

3,797 

3,771 

Ninth  Judicial  District. 

\           Wayne 

2,456 

6,969 

126 

344 

4,086 

5,827 

3,157 

4.952 

\         Westchester. . 

18,159 

31,084 

2,669 

379 

25,340 

17,284 

19,078 

11,737 

JohnC.  R.Taylor,  Dem..  19.471 

\        Wyoming , . . . 

1,525 

3,786 

153 

184 

2,759 

3,160 

1,960 

2,641 

Albert  H.  F.  Seeger,  Rep. .  28,154 

\^     Yatea..y,... 

864 

2,529 

42 

116 

1,444 

2,247 

1,239 

1,932 

Irvin  E.  Klein.  Soc 1,476 

\^   Tottfl 

541,335 

696,969 

169,364 

26.066 

703  129 

600,776 

591,728 

420,303 

Soldier  vote  Included. 


ASSOCIATION   OF  GOVERNMENT   SURGEONS,   UNITED   STATES. 

President — Benjamin  Hobson  Frayser,  Government  Hospital,  Dulce,  N.  M.  Vice-President — A.  M. 
Wlgglesworth,  Washington.  D.  C.  Secorid  Vice-President — Capt.  O.  S.  Phillips,  M.  R.  C,  U.  S.  Army. 
Secretary-General — J.  W.  Levy,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Board  of  Regents — Major  F.  W.  Shaw,  Ferdinand  Shoe- 
maker, C.  A.  Anderson.    Assistant  Surgeon — F.  McDaniel,  U.  S.  N.  R.;  Capt.  J.  G.  Janney. 


IMPROVED    ORDER    OF    RED    MEN. 


Headquarters,  Great  Council  of  the  United  States,  Chicago.  Great  IncoUonee — Hon.  James  T,  Rogers, 
Binghamton,  N.  Y.  Senior  Sagamore — Judge  A.  G.  Rutherford,  Nashville,  Tenn.  Junior  Sagamore— ioiiOL 
E.  Sedwlck,  Martinsville,  Ind.  Prophet — Judge  Thomas  H.  Jeffries,  Atlanta.  Ga.  Chief  of  Records — Wilson 
Brooks,  230  South  La  Salle  Street,  Chicago.  Keeper  of  Wampum — D.  K.  Reed,  Clarksburg,  W.  Va.  Number 
of  Great  Councils,  64;  subordinate  branches  and  councils  4,580;  number  of  members  Jan.  1,  1918,  455,244; 
benefits  disbursed  In  1917,  51,623,660.60;  benefits  disbursed  since  organization,  $39,620,482. 


Vote  of  City  of  New  York 


185 


MANHATTAN. 


VOTE    FOR-COVCHNOR-^NEW    YORK    CITY-1918. 


Ass. 

Smith 

Whit. 

DIST. 

Dem. 

Kep. 

1 

11,213 

1.825 

2 

6,110 

1,704 

3 

13,775 

3,289 

4 

4,613 

1,043 

0 

13,951 

3,127 

6 

4,144 

2,400 

7 

8,678 

7,006 

8 

4,610 

1,787 

9 

9,108 

7,348 

10 

7,949 

7,109 

11 

9,444 

6.553 

12 

14,249 

3,101 

13 

8,784 

5,716 

1-1 

11,155 

2,773 

15 

8,569 

7,155 

16 

12,738 

2,851 

17 

5,277 

3,001 

18 

7,405 

2,426 

19 

7,104 

6,489 

Ervin 
Soc. 


1,201 

1,388 

405 

2,351 

382 

2,898 

355 

2,924 

449 

529 

612 

966 

538 

1,665 

1,047 

2,570 

3,172 

2,110 

831 


MANHATTAN — Cont. 


Ass. 
DiST 


20 
21 
22 
23 

Total 


Smith 
Dem 


6,030 
5,789 
9,983 
10,785 


201,363 


Whit. 
Rep. 


2,101 
6,580 
5,705 
8,309 


Ervin 
Soc. 


717 
383 
492 
744 


99,398 


28,629 


BRONX. 


I  Total 


11,759 
13,699 
6,809 
6,525 
7,506 
8,633 
8,969 
12,739 


76,639 


3,057 
5,058 
2,649 
2,609 
3,458 
3,798 
3,216 
6,989 


30,834 


2,013 
2,003 
3,189 
3,879 
3,725 

822 
2,622 

730 


19.983 


BROOKLYN. 


Ass 
DI8T. 


] 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 


Smith 
Dem. 


7,834 

6,892 

6,865 

9,003 

10,205 

6.934 

8,887 

8,573 

9.492 

10.089 

11,257 

11,780 

5,727 

4,743 

9,095 

8,686 

8,276 

9,208 

5,214 

14,357 


Whit 
Rep. 


4,222 
5,019 
1.518 
3,812 
8,258 
4,311 
3,073 
5,059 
5,767 
7,120 
9,259 
7.345 
1,932 
1,373 
2,867 
4,688 
8,556 
7,098 
2,150 
8,287 


Ervin 
Soc. 


244 

2,575 

249 

1,116 

659 

2,801 

391 

195 

743 

325 

337 

624 

1,363 

2,124 

513 

946 

669 

2,140 

1,957 

2,006 


BROOKLYN— Cont:' 


Ass. 
DiST. 


21 

22 
23 


Smith 
Dem. 


9.901 

10,677 

4,653 


Total  198,248  123,245 


Whit.  Ervin 
Rep.     Soc. 


767 
3,090 
3,386 


11,325 
7,789 
2,417 


29,220 


QUEENS. 


10,764 
9,595 
9,653 
7,937 
9,647 

10,960 


Total     68,556    29,350 


3,005 
3,100 
4,133 
7,202 
6.490 
6,420 


1,033 

1,772 

917 

597 

605 

2,182 


RICHMOND. 


7.106 


1 

2 

Total 
G.To. 


7,532 
6,134 


12,666 

547,472 


3,376 
3,209 


6,585 
289,412 


NEW    YORK    CITY    MAYORALTY    VOTE. 

MANHATTAN. 


Assembly 
Districts. 


1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
13. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 


Total 107,634 


Mayor,  1917. 


Hylan,  Dem. 


Civil'n  Soldier 


6,i 

4,118 

8,699 

2,661 

8,536 

2,187 

3,848 

2,715 

3.863 

4,024 

4,228 

8,650 

4,141 

6,261 

3.581 

7,019 

2,622 

4,197 

3,534 

3,824 

3.003 

4,401 

4.654 


325 
201 
492 
97 
492 
100 
312 
103 
260 
257 
225 
442 
243 
375 
251 
382 
112 
267 
204 
195 
206 
262 
291 


6.094 


Bennett,  Rep. 


Civil'n  Soldier 


483 
312 
653 
86 
938 
381 
645 
292 
618 
562 
503 
576 
558 
696 
412 
478 
290 
312 
1,074 
402 
802 
499 


12,152 


23 

28 

52 

4 

63 
15 
64 
19 
75 
70 
56 
43 
71 
40 
48 
52 
12 
21 
100 
26 
86 
52 
55 


1,078, 


Mitchel,  Fus. 


Civil'n  Soldier 


1,261 
1,305 
2,471 

328 
1,650 

831 
4,9 

994 
5,570 
5.322 
4.913 
1.882 
3,444 
1,683 
4,95 
1,389 
1,773 
1,399 
2,976 
1,257 
3,323 
4,057 
5,853 


63,56: 


40 

31 

105 

11 

95 

8 

320 

23 

302 

430 

253 

81 

205 

70 

430 

46 

41 

47 

112 

32 

142 

152 

210 


Hillquit,  Soc. 


Civil'n  Soldier 


2,148 
2,948 
1,033 
3,878 
1,140 
3,827 
708 
4,347 
977 
852 
1,281 
1,821 
1,221 
2,833 
1,673 
4,064 
4,780 
2,647 
1,867 
1,342 
1,267 
1,391 
1,713 


3,1861     49,758 


74 
60 
45 

128 
23 
92 
30 

127 
33 
19 
41 
37 
43 
63 
57 
91 

141 
68 
81 
33 
40 
46 
46 


1,418 


In  Manhattan,  for  Mayor,  1917,  Colvin,  Proh..  177;  Seidel,  Soc. 
263;  Wallace,  Single  Taxer,  99. 


Lab.,  I 


Pres.,  1916. 


Wil- 
son, 
Dem. 


2,903 
4,314 
4,002 
3,541 
4,738 
2,486 
4,296 
3,678 
3,324 
■  2,871 
4,865 
3,721 
3,823 
4,330 
5,349 
4,221 
5,404 
4.063 
7.965 
3,844 
5,767 
3,888 
15,316 
2,889 
3,815 
4,081 
3,021 
2,677 
4,060 
4,237 
6.114 


Hu 

ghes. 
Rep. 


2,057 
1,423 
2,045 
1.465 
1,1"' 
3.003 
2.081 
1.636 
1.967 
2,641 
2,388 
1,758 
2,172 
2,226 
6,821 
2,319 
5,676 
2,996 
7,364 
2.872 
6,680 
3,604 
15,041 
1,914 
3,889 
2,816 
4,353 
2,216 
5,111 
4.186 
5.571 


CiOV.,   1916. 


Sea- 
bury. 
Dem. 


Whit- 
man, 
Rep. 


2.737 
4,140 
3,906 
3,339 
4,466 
2,526 
3,960 
3.392 
3,055 
2,858 
4,566 
3,691 
3,582 
4,094 
5,169 
4,076 
5,146 
3,974 
7,573 
3,781 
6,418 
4.212 
14.527 
2,806 
3,586 
3,567 
2,838 
2,634 
4,073 
3,972 
6.617' 


1,805 
1,262 
1,716 
1,279 
1,66S 
2,687 
2,094 
1,488 
1,927 
2.219 
2.295 
1.513 
2,088 
2,091 
6,643 
2,167 
5,196 
2,720 
7.097 
2,568 
6,553 
3,015 
14,812 
1,620 
3,806 
2,800 
4,308 
1,982 
4,766 
3,945 
5,534 


139.547    111,926"   133,1781  105.963 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 


Total . . 


4,953 
3.412 
4,709 
5,130 
5,433 
3,265 
5,445 
5,444 
4,912 
4,940 
5,614 
5,797 
3,524 
3,098 
5,679 
4,430 
3,993 
4,130 
3,240 
8,921 
4,567 
6.004 
2,107 


BROOKLYN. 


. I  108,546 


285 
193 
211 
257 
330 
166 
293 
312 
331 
337 
383 
343 
173 
147 
275 
216 
287 
186 
148 
383 
286 
276 
123 

5.941 


I.IOU 

1.134 

785 

1.354 

1.738 

1,019 

1,129 

1,065 

1,417 

1,343 

1,485 

1,681 

784 

512 

967 

1,085 

1,350 

976 

879 

2,293 

1,340 

2,325 

631 

28.301 


56 
46 
38 
51 

100 
61 
65 
43 
83 

116 
88 
84 
26 
17 
35 
63 
95 
63 
26 
77 
87 
88 
39 

1,447 


2,407 
2,296 

747 
1,416 
2,883 
1,334 
1,559 

889 
2,899 
3,242 
4,446 
3,399 

625 
.  523 

984 
2,609 
3,535 
3,372 

545 
2,172 
6,003 
2,229 

856 

50,970 


149 

87 

28 

51 

108 

42 

'45 

24 

HI 

162 

231 

108 

11 

8 

28 

96 

150 

103 

17 

78 

237 

58 

21 

1,951 


615 

3,247 

572 

2,137 

1,272 

4,130 

952 

540 

1,600 

790 

837 

1.278 

2,207 

3,142 

1,066 

2,005 

1,166 

3,182 

2,993 

3.555 

1,438 

4.775 

4.193 

47,682 


18 
76 
19 
55 
39 
92 
16 
20 
38 
29 
24 
28 
55 
91 
35 
46 
41 
65 
71 
79 
37 
118 
106 

1,198 


3,968 
3,948 
3,989 
4,570 
4,923 
3,915 
4,715 
4,392 
9,706 
5,055 
5.113 
6,433 
3,390 
3,660 
4,588 

11,796 
4,104 
9,980 
2.781 

■  3.665 
2.549 
9.568 
8,927 

125,625 


3,741 
1,450 
1,513 
3,824 
.  6,3,55 
3,940 
2,673 
2,205 
8,298 
4,930 
4,918 
6,120 
3,086 
2,043 
2,950 

10,636 
5,675 

13,498 
4.144 
5.822 
2.017 

12,955 
6.B32 

119.675 


3,460 
3,353 
3,547 
3.934 
4.372 
3,253 
3,924 
3,872 
8,265 
4,486 
■  4,561 
6,697 
2,928 
3,187 
4,036 
10.165 
3.771 
9.120 
2.736 
3,443 
2,129 
8,416 
7,101 

109.656 


3,861 
1.567 
1,625 
3,925 
6,533 
4,055 
2,881 
2,321 
8,901 
.  5,105 
5,040 
6,498 
2,936 
2,031 
2,936 

11,301 
5,575 

13,651 
3,823 
5,628 

■2,017 

12,947 
7,299 

122,456 


186 


United  States  Senutors  Elected,  1918. 


VOTE  OF  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK— CotUinued. 


RICHMOND. 


Mayoe,  1917.                                      j 

PRE8..   1916.    1 

Gov.,   1916. 

Assembly 
Districts. 

Hylan,  Dem. 

Bennett,  Rep. 

Mitchel,  Fus.' 

Hillquit,  Soc. 

Wil- 
son, 
Dem, 

Hu 

glies, 
Rep. 

Sea- 
bury, 
Dem. 

Whit- 
man. 
Rep. 

Civil'n 

Soldier 

Civil'n 

Soldier 

Civil'n 

Soldier 

Civil'n 

Soldier 

1 

4,648 
3,859 

208 
135 

772 
1,114 

33 
49 

1,633 
1,191 

79 
37 

711 

685 

7 
22 

8,843 

7.204 

7,574 

7,402 

9 

353,203 
39,762 

313,441 

326,199 
20,922 

305.277 

• 

Total 

8,507 

343 

1,886 

82 

2,824 

116 

1,390 

29 

Gr'd  City  total 

298,149 

15,807 

53,163 

3,275 

149.260 

6,230 

141,739       3,589l 

704,356         1 

674,241 

BRONX. 


1 

6,819 
7,103 
3,301 
3,016 
3,313 
5.213 
4.361 
6.291 

308 
421 
170 
160 
151 
243 
229 
393 

844 

908 
407 
383 
402 
860 
523 
885 

56 
64 
26 
33 
42 
46 
34 
63 

1,978 
3,223 
1,588 
1,517 
2,121 
1,967 
2,046 
4,273 

33 
112 
41 
54 
47 
59 
64 
136 

3,874 
3,567 
4.865 
4,967 
5,684 
1,701 
3,594 
1,506 

76 
91 

107 
91 

118 
39 
66 
28 

1,795 
14,069 

5,807 
14,023 
12,176 

1,057 
U.514 

5,810 
11,583 
10,400 

40,364 

1,639 
13.152 

5.712 
12.952 
11.751 

968 

2 

10,778 

3 

5,013 

4 

10,936 

5 

9,651 

c 

7 

47,870 

45.196 

37.346 

8 

Ttie  Bronx  gains  3  Assembly- 
men in  the  reapportionment. 

Total 

39,417 

2,075 

5,212 

364 

18,711 

536 

29,758 

616 

QUEENS. 

1 

6,366 
6.036 
5.778 
4.503 
5.403 
5.959 

259 
187 
234 
209 
273 
192 

604 
930 
707 
921 
1,167 
1,283 

39 f      1.804 

47 
32 
72 
152 
87 
58 

2,024 
3,033 
2,001 
1,160 
1.389 
3.538 

64 
70 
44 
44 
44 
66 

6,639 
6,637 
9,608 
8,434 

4,961 

5,490 

12,569 

11,252 

6,421 
6.5U 
9.443 
8.220 

4,616 

2 

31 
45 
69 
62 
58 

830 
2,133 
3,720 
2,896 
1,760 

5,012 

3 

11,691 

4 

10,791 

c 

6..; ;. 

31,318 

34,272 

30,595 

32,110 

Total 

34.045 

1,354 

5,612 

304      13,193 

448 

13.145 

332 

Queens  gains  2  Assemblymen. 

Richmond  gains  one  Assemblyman  under  the  re-dlstrlctlng.    Hylan's  plurality.  158,466.  - 

The  total  civilian  and  soldier  vote  for  City  Comptroller  was— Craig,  Dem.,  318,576;  Prendergast.  Rep. 
and  FuB.,  202,934:  Bleverman.  Soc,  123.821.  For  President  Board  of  Aldermen— Smith,  Dem.,  309,676;  Adamson, 
Rep.  and  Fus.,  211,590;  Cassldy,  Soc,  122.092.  _  „,    ^       „   ^       „„  „  _ 

For  Mayor,  1913,  the  total  vote  was— McCall,  Dem.,  233,919;  Mitchel.  Fus.,  358,181;  Russell.  Soc.  32,057. 

For  President,  191'6,  Benson,  Soc,  31,788;  Hanly,  Prob.,  1,028;  Relmer,  Soc.  Lab.,  1,333. 

For  United  Stat«9  Senator,  1916.  McCombs,  Dem.,  received  119.106  in  Manhattan,  40,044  in  the 
Bronx;  87,183  in  Brooklyn.  27,894  in  Queens,  and  7,471  in  Richmond— total,  281,698;  Calder,  Rep.,  got 
100,594  in  Manhattan,  35.192  in  the  Bronx,  135,193  in  Brooltlyn,  31.556  in  Queens,  and  6,523  in  Richmond 
—total,  309.058.  giving  Calder  a  plurality  ot  27,360  over  McCombs;  Cannon,  Soc,  received. 44,927  votes; 
Colvln,  Proh.,  1,428:  Colby,  Ind.  L.-Prog..  6.684;  Gllhaus.  Soc.  Lab.,  2,455.  ,         „  , 

For  Governor.  1916,  Lee,  Soc,  received  38,518  votes:  Welch,  Proh.,  2.128;  Crowley,  Soc.  Lab.,  2,191. 

For  Mayor.  1917,  Seldel,  Soc.  Labor,  829;  Colvin,  Prohlb.,  731;  Wallace.  Single  Tax,  260. 


NEW   YORK    CITY    VOTE    ON    WOMAN    SUFFRAGE,    1915. 


Yes. 

No. 

Majority 
Against. 

Brookl'n 
Queens. . 

Yes. 

No. 

Majority 
Against. 

Yes. 

No. 

Majority 
Against. 

87,762 
34,394 

118,318 
41,007 

30,556 
6.613 

84,546 
21,173 

123,230 
33,213 

38,684 
12.040 

Richm'd 
Totals. 

5,958 

7.447 
323.215 

1,479 

Manh'p. 
Bronx..  . 

233.843 

89.372 

UNITED    STATES    SENATORS    ELECTED,    1918. 

(In  the  second  column  are  the  names  of  the  unsuccessful  opponents.) 


State. 


Ala 

Ark 

Col.  .  .. 

Del 

Ga 

Idaho. . 

Ill 

Iowa . . . 

Kan 

Ky..... 
La .... . 

Me 

Mass . . . 
Mich. . . 
Minn... 
Miss .  . . 
Mon.  .  . 


Senator. 


John  H.  Bankhead.  D 
Joe  T.  Robinson,  V. . 

L.  C.  Phlpps,  R 

L.  H.  Ball,  R .  .  r,  . . . 

Wm.  J.  Harris.  D 

W.  E.  Borah.  R 

Medlll  McCormick  R 
Wm.  3.  Kenyon.  R . . 
Arthtir  Capper,  R . .  . 

LUg.  O.  Stanley.  D .  . 

OS.  E.  Ransdell.  D.. 
Bert  M.  Fernald,  R, . 
David  I.  Walsh,  D. . . 
T.  H.  Newberry.  R. . 
Knute  Nelson.  R . . .  . 
Byron  P.  Harrison,  D, 
Thos.  J.  Walsh,  D..  . 


Opponent. 


Unopposed. 

Unopposed. 

John  F.  Shafroth,  D, 

Willard  Saulsbury,  D, 

G.  H.  Williams,  R. 

Frank  L.  Moore,  D, 

J.  Hamilton  Lewis,  D. 

Charles  R.  Keyes,  D. 

W.  H.  Thompson,  D. 

Ben.  L.  Bruner,  R. 

Unopposed. 

Elmer  E.  Newbert,  D, 

John  W.  Weeks,  R. 

Henry  Ford,  D. 

W.  G.  Calderwood,  D. 

Unopposed. 

O.  M.  Lanstrum,  R. 


State. 


Neb.. 
N.  H. 
N.  J.. 
N.  Mex. 
N.  Car.. 
Okla... 
Ore. ... 
R.  I.... 
S.  Car.. 
S.  Dak.. 
Tenn... 

Tex 

Va 

W.  Va. . 
*Wis... 
Wyo .  .  . 


Senator. 


Geo.  W.  Norris,  R.. . 
Hy  W.  Keyes.  R .  . . . 
Walter  E.  Edge.  R.. . 
Albert  B.  Fall,  R. . .  . 
F.  McL.  Simmons,  D , 
Robert  L.  Owen,  D. . 
Chas.  L.  McNary,  R 
LeBaron  B.  Colt,  R. . 

Nath.  B.  Dial,  D 

Thos.  Sterling,  R 

John  K.  Shields,  D .  . 
Morris  Sheppard,  D.. 
Thos.  S.  Martin,  D . . 

Davis  Elkins,  R ; 

J.  L.  Lenroot.  R 

F.  E.  Warren.  R 


Opponent. 


J.  H.  Moorehead.  D. 
Eugene  C.  Reed.  D. 
Geo.  M.  LaMonte,  D, 
W.  B.  Walton,  D. 
J.  M.  Morehead,  R. 
H.  G.  McKeever,  R. 
Oswald  West,  D, 
G.  F.  O'Shaugh'sy,  D, 
Unopposed. 
Orvllle  V.  Rinehart.D 
Henry  Clay  Evans,  R 
Webster  Flanagan,  R, 
Unopposed. 
C.  W.  Watson,  D. 
Jos.  E.  Davles,  D. 
John  E.  Osborne.  D. , 


*  Special  election  ield  April  2,  1918,  to  fill  vacancy  caused  by  death  of  Senator  PatU  O.  Husting. 


United  States  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis.  187 

UNITED    STATES    MILITARY    ACADEMY    AT    WEST    POINT.     ~ 

Each  Senator,  Congressional  district  and  Territory,  inchiding  Porto  Rico,  Alaslta  and  Hawaii,  ie 
entitled  to  have  two  cadets  at  tbe  academy;  the  District  of  Columbia,  tour  cadets.  There  are  also 
eighty-two  appointments  at  large,  two  of  whom  are  ajipointed  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Vice-Presi- 
dent, specially  conferred  by  the  President  of  the  United  States.  The  law  (act  of  May  4,  1916)  authorizes 
the  President  to  appoint  cadets  to  the  Unitod  States  Military  Academy  from  among  enlisted  men  in  the 
Regular  Army  and  National  Guard,  the  total  number  not  to  exceed  one  hundred  and  eighty  at  any  one  time. 

Appointments  are  usually  made  one  year  in  advance  of  date  of  admission,  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  upon 
the  nomination  of  the  Senator  or  Representative.  These  nominations  may  either  be  made  after  competitive 
examination  or  given  direct,  at  the  option  of  the  Representative.  The  Representative  may  nominate  two 
legally  qualified  second  candidates,  to  be  designated  tirst  and  second  alternates.  The  alternates  will  receive 
from  the  War  Department  a  letter  of  appointment,  and  will  be  examined  with  the  regular  appointee,  and 
the  better  qualified  will  be  admitted  to  the  academy  in  the  event  of  the  failure  of  the  principal  to  pass  the 
prescribed  preliminary  examinations.  Appointees  to  the  Military  Academy  must  be  between  seventeen 
and  twenty-two  years  of  age,  free  from  any  infirmity  which  may  render  them  unfit  for  military  service, 
and  able  to  pass,  unless  a  satisfactory  certificate  is  submitted,  a  careful  examination  in  EUi^Iish  grammar, 
English  composition,  English  llteratm-e,  algebra  through  quadratic  equations,  plane  geometry,  descriptive 
geograpny  and  the  elements  of  physical  geography,  especially  the  geography  of  tlie  United  States,  United 
States  history,  the  outlines  of  general  history.  The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  permit  not  exceeding 
foiu-  Filipinos  to  be  designated,  one  for  each  class,  by  the  Governor-General  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  to 
receive  instruction  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point;  Provided,  That  the  Filipinos 
undergoing  instruction  shall  receive  the  same  pay,  allowances  and  emoluments  as  are  authorized  by  law 
for  cadets  at  the  Military  Academy  appointed  from  the  United  States,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  same  appro- 
priations; And  prooided  further.  That  said  Filipinos  undergoing  instruction,  on  graduation  shall  be  eligible 
only  to  commissions  in  the  Philippine  Scouts;  serve  for  eight  years,  unless  sooner  discharged. 

The  course  of  instruction,  which  is  quite  thorough,  requires  four  years,  and  is  largely  mathematical 
and  professional.  The  principal  sub.lects  taught  are  mathematics,  English,  French,  drawing,  drill  regula- 
tions of  all  arms  of  the  service,  natural  and  experimental  philosophy,  chemistry,  chemical  physics,  mineralogy, 
geology,  electricity,  histo/y,  international,  constitutional  and  military  law,  Spanish,  civil  and-military 
engineering,  art  and  science  of  war,  and  ordnance  and  gunnery.  •  '^ 

From  about  the  middle  of  June  to  the  end  of  August  cadets  live  in  camp,  engaged  only  in  military 
duties  and  receiving  practical  military  instruction.  Cadets  are  allowed  but  one  leave  of  absence  during 
the  four  years'  course,  and  this  is  granted  at  the  expiration  of  the  first  two  years.  The  pay  of  a  cadet  is 
.5848.20  per  year  and   with  proper  economy   is  sufficient  for  his  support. 

la-  Upon  graduating,  cadets  are  commissioned  as  Second  Lieutenants  in  the  United  States  Army.  The 
whole  number  of  cadets  graduated  from  1802  to  1918,  inclusive,  has  been  6,028.  It  is  virtually  absolutely 
necessary  for  a  person  seeking  an  appointment  to  apply  to  his  Senator  or  Member  of  Congress.  The  Super- 
intendent is  Col.  Samuel  E.  Tillman,  U.  S.  A.,  and  the  military  and  academic  stafl  consists  of  126  persons. 
Number  of  cadets,  927.  

UNITED  STATES  NAVAL  ACADEMY  AT  ANNAPOLIS. 

The  students  of  the  Naval  Academy  are  styled  midshipmen.  Five  midshipmen  are  allowed  for  each 
Senator,  Representative  and  Delegate  in  Congress,  two  for  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  fifteen  appointed 
each  year  from  the  United  States  at  large.  The  appointments  from  the  District  of  Colimibia  and  fifteen 
each  year  at  large  are  made  by  the  President.  It  Is  the  custom  of  Presidents  to  give  the  appointments  of 
midshipmen  at  large  to  the  sons  of  officers  of  the  army  and  navy,  for  the  reason  that  officers,  owing  to 
the  nature  of  their  duties,  are  usually  not  in  a  position  to  establishUpermanent  residence. 

The  selection  of  candidates,  by  competitive  examination  or  otherwise,  for  nomination  for  vacancies 
in  the  quota  of  Senators,  Representatives  and  Delegates  in  Congress  is  entirely  in  the  hands  of  each  Sena- 
tor, Representative,  and  Delegate  in  Congress  having  a  vacancy;  and  all  applications  for  appointments 
or  inquiries  relative  to  competitive  examinations  should  be  addressed  accordingly. 

The  law  authorizes  the  appointment  of  one  hundred  enlisted  men  each  year  to  be  selected  as  a  re- 
sult of  a  competitive  examination  of  enlisted  men  of  the  regular  navy  and  Marine  Corps,  who  must  be  not 
more  than  twenty  years  of  age  on  April  1  of  the  year  they  enter,  and  who  will  have  been  in  the  service 
at  least  one  year  by  August  15  of  that  year.  The  mental  and  physical  requirements,  as  well  as  the  amount 
of  money  to  be  deposited  upon  admission  are  the  same  for  these  candidates  as  for  other  candidates  for 
midshipmen. 

The  competitive  examination  of  these  enlisted  men  is  held  on  the  third  Tuesday  in  April  of  each  year 
and  is  .the  regular  examination  given  to  candidates  nominated  for  vacancies  for  midshipmen. 

The  course  for  midshipmen  is  four  years.  Examinations  on  the  ground  covered  are  held  at  the  end 
of  each  academic  term.  During  the  summer,  midshipmen  of  the  first,  second  and  third  classes  go  to  sea 
for  about  three  months.  Midshipmen  after  graduation  a,re  commissioned  as  Ensigns  in  the  navy,  and 
occasionally  to  fill  vacancies  in  the  Marine  Corps  and  in  certain  of  the  staff  corps  of  the  navy.  The  act 
of  June  29,  1906,  prescribes  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  shall,  as  soon  as  possible  after  the  first  day  of 
June  of  each  year  preceding  the  graduation  of  midshipmen  in  the  succeeding  year,  notify  in  writing  each 
Senator,  Representative  and  Delegate  in  Congress  of  any  vacancy  that  will  exist  at  the  Naval  Academy 
because  of  such  graduation,  or  th.at  may  occur  for  other  reasons,  and  which  he  shall  be  entitled  to  fill  by 
nomination  of  a  candidate  and  one  or  more  alternates  therefor.  The  nomination  of  a  candidate  and  alter- 
nate or  alternates  to  fill  said  vacancy  shall  be  made  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Senator,  Represen- 
tative or  Delegate,  if  said  recommendation  is  made  by  the  fourth  day  of  March  of  the  year  following  that 
in  which  said  notice  in  writing  is  given,  but  if  it  is  not  made  by  that  time  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  shall 
fill  the  vacancy  by  appointment  of  an  actual  resident  of  the  State,  Congressional  district  or  Territory, 
as  the  case  may  be,  in  which  the  vacancy  will  exist,  who  shall  have  been  for  at  least  two  years  immediately 
preceding  the  dale  of  his  appointment  an  actual  and  bona  fide  resident  of  the  State,  Congressional  dis- 
trict or  Territory. 

The  height  of  candidates  for  admission  shall  not  be  less  than  five  feet  two  inches  between  the  ages  of 
sixteen  and  eighteen  years,  and  not  less  than  five  feet  four  inches  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  twenty 
years;  and  the  minimum  weight  at  sixteen  years  shall  be  one  hundred  and  eleven  pounds,  with  an  increase 
of  not  less  than  three  pounds  for  each  additional  year,  or  fraction  of  a  year  over  one^alf.  Any  marked 
deviation  In  the  height  and  weight  relative  to  the  age  of  a  candidate  will  add  materially  to  the  considera- 
tion for  rejeotion.  Candidates  must  be  unmarried,  and  any  midshipman  who  shall  marry,  or  who  shall 
be  found  to  be  married  before  his  final  graduation,  shall  be  dismissed  from  the  Service.  Each  candidate 
who  has  passed  the  required  examinations  must,  before  being  admitted  as  a  midshipman,  deposit  the  sum 
of  $350  to 'Cover  the  cost  of  his  initial  outfit — clothing,  uniforms,  text  books  and  equipment. 

Each  candidate  before  admission  will  be  required  to  sign  articles  by  which  he  binds  himself  to  serve 
in  the  Ujiited  States  Navy  during  the  pleasure  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  (including  his  time  of 
probation  at  the  Naval  Academy),  unless  sooner  discharged.  The  pay  of  a  midshipman  is  S600  a  year, 
commencing  at  the  date  of  his  admission,  and  is  sufficient  to  meet  all  his  expenses  while  at  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy. 


1^8 


United  Stiites  Coast  Guard. 


UNITED    STATES    MARINE    CORPS. 

(As  of  date  September  1,  1918,  prepared  by  the  Commandant.) 

George  Barnett,  Major  General  Commandant.  HeadQuarters,  1734  New  York  Avenue.  N.  W.,  Waeli- 
iugton,  D.  C.  The  authorized  strength  of  the  corps  Is  (September  1,  1918):  3,017  officers,  252  warrant 
officers,  72  paymaster  clerks,  and  75,500  enlisted  men.  as  follows:  1  major  general  commandant,  staff; 
1  major  general  (permanent),  1  major  general  (temporary),  line;  4  brigadier  generals,  stafl;  9  brigadier  gen- 
erals, line;  42  colonels,  50  lieutenant  colonels,  360  majors,  952  captains,  798  first  lieutenants,  799  second 
lieutenants,  126  marine  gunners,  126  quartern! aster  clerks,  72  pay  clerks,  202  sergeants  major,  1,016  quar- 
termaster sergeants,  6  drum  majors,  1,142  first  sergeants,  5,113  sergeants,  9,115  corporals,  880  drummcre, 
880  trumpeters,  13,995  first  class  privates,  41,984  privates,  1  leader  of  band,  1  second  leader,  10  principal 
musicians,  25  first  class  musicians,  20  second  class  musicians,  10  third  class  musicians.  In  addition  to  the 
above  the  Marine  Corps  Reserve,  which  is  not  limited  as  to  numbers,  consisted  on  September  1,  1918,  of 
316  officers  and  6,484  enlisted  men. 

GENERAL  OFFICERS  OF   THE   MARINE   CORPS,   IN   ADDITION   TO   THE   COMMANDANT. 

Brigadier  Generals,  Slatt — Charles  H.  Lauchheimer,  Adjutant  and  Inspector;  Charles  I..  McCawIey, 
Quartermaster;  Cyrus  S.  Radford,  Assistant  Quartermaster;  George  Richards,  Paymaster.  Major  Gen- 
erals, Line — John  A.  Lejeune,  Littleton  W.  T.  Waller.  Brigadier  Oeneral.t,  Line — Joseph  H.  Pendleton, 
Eli  K.,Cole,  Charles  A.  Doyen,  James  E.  M.ahoney,  Charles  G.  Long,  Ben  H.  Fuller,  Wendell  C.  Neville, 
John  T.  Myers,  Albertus  W.  Catlln. 

The  losses  to  September  1,  1918,  So  far  as  reported  to  that  date,  had  been:  Killed  in  action  626:  died 
of  wounds,  260;  died  of  disease,  22;  accidentally  killed,  3;  died  of  other  causes,  3;  total,  914.  Wounded 
.severely,  905;  wounded  slightly,  382;  wounded,  degree  undetermined,  670;  total,  1,957.  In  hands  of  the 
enemy,  10;  missing,  139.    Total  casualties,  3,020. 

CSmmissloned  officers  are  appointed  from  graduates  of  the  Naval  Academy  and  from  worthy  non- 
commissioned officers.  The  enlisted  personnel  of  the  Marine  Corps  la  obtained  (beginning  October  1,  1918) 
from  registrants  under  the  Selective  Service  Law.  Any  registrant  desiring  service  in  the  Marine  Corps 
should iftpply  at  a  Marine  Corps  mobilization  office,  where,  if  he  passes  the  required  examination,  he  will 
be  inducted  into  the  Marine  Corps.  All  recruits  arc  sent  to  the  recruit  depots  at  Paris  Island,  S.  C,  or  Mare 
Island,  Cal.,  for  instruction. 


MOBILIZATION  STATIONS. 

Permanent  Marine  Corps  mobilization  stations  are  located  as  follows: 


Eastern  Mobilization  Division — 

Headquarters,    130    South    15th 
St.,  Philadelphia. 

Boston  District — 22  Tremont  Row 
Boston. 

New  York  District— 24  East  23d 
St..  New  York 

Philadelphia  District — 1409  Arch 
St.,  Philadelphia. 

Baltimore  District — 113  East  Bal 
timore  St.,  Baltimore. 

Pittsburgh  District — Smithfleld  and 
Waters  Sts.,  Pittsburgh. 

Buffalo  District — Federal  Building, 
Buffalo. 

Cleveland  District — Federal  Build- 
ing, Cleveland. 

Virginia  District>— 624  East  Broad 
St.,  Richmond. 

Washington  District — Evening  Star 
Building,  Washington. 

Syracuse  District — 214  East  Fay- 
ette St.,  Syracuse. 

Central  Mobilization  Division— 
Headquarters,  537  South  Dear- 
born St.,  Chicago. 


Detroit  District — 22  Monroe  Ave 

Detroit. 
Cincinnati    District — 23    Pickering 

Building,  Cincinnati. 
Chicago  District— 628  South  State 

St.,  Chicago. 
Minnesota         Distinct — Baltimore 

Building,  St.  Paul. 
Missouri   District — 122   North  7th 

St.,  St.  Louis. 
Louisville  District — 157  North  II 

llnoia  St.,  Indianapolis. 
Kansas     Citv     District — 9tli    and 

Main  Sts.,  Kansas  City. 
Milwaukee  District — 202  Wells  St 

Milwaukee. 


Memphis  District— Odd  Fellows 
Building,  Memphis. 

.Vew  Orleans  District — 617  Com- 
mon St.,  New  Orleans. 

Western    Mobilization    Division 

— Headquarters,   1   Dnimm  St., 

San  Francisco. 
Mountain   District — 1605   Larimer 

St.,  Denver. 
Utah  District— 162  South  Main  St., 

Salt  Lake  City. 
Los  Angeles  District — 6th  and  Main 

Sts.,  Los  Angeles. 
San  Francisco  District — 371  Mar- 
ket St.,  San  Francisco. 
Portland    District — 3d   and   Alder 

Sts.,  Portland. 
Seattle  District — 101  Yesler  Way, 

Seattle. 
Montana    District — Higgins    Ave. 

and  Main  St.,  Missoula. 


Southern  Mobilization  Division 

— Headquarters,     617    Common 
St.,  New  Orleans. 

Southeastern   District; — 29H    Mar- 
ietta St.,  Atlanta.  _    __ 

Southwestern  District — 915  PrairiclArizona  District — 11 H  West  Wash- 
Ave.,  Houston.  I     ington  St.,  Phoenix. 

Information  regarding  pay,  allowances,  etc.,  may  be  obtained  by  addressing  the  officer  in  charge  of 
mobilization  at  any  of  the  above  addresses,  or  the  officer  in  charge  of  mobilization,  headquarters.  United 
States  Marine  Corps,  Washington,  D.  C.    Re-enlistments  are  also  made  at  all  navy  yards  and  naval  stations. 


UNITED    STATES    COAST    CUARD. 

HEADQUARTERS,    NAVY   DEPARTMENT,    WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 

THE  United  States  Coast  Guard,  at  the  present  time  a  part  ol  the  Navy,  was  created  by  an  act  of 
January  28,  1915.  and  succeeded  the  U.  S.  Revenue  Cutter  Service.  The  original  Revenue  CUitter 
Service  was  organized  by  act  of  Congress  approved  August  4.  1790.  The  LIfe-Saving  Service  was  originally 
operated  under  the  Revenue  Cutter  Service,  but  on  June  20,  1874,  Congress  created  it  a  separate  service 
to  operate  under  the  Treasury  Department.  The  officers  of  the  Coast  Guard  are  on  the  same  footing  In 
rank  and  pay  as  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy.  Appointments  to  cadetships  are  made  after  competitive 
examinations  conducted  by  boards  of  commissioned  officers  of  the  Coast  Guard.  The  cadets  are  educated 
at  the  Coast  Guard  Academy  at  New  London,  Ct.  The  course  covers  three  years  and  embraces  professional 
and  academic  subjects.  Candidates  for  cadetships  must  not  be  less  than  18  nor  more  than  24  years  old, 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  unmarried.  A  class  of  cadets  is  appointed  each  year.  Appointments  as 
Cadet  Engineers  are  made  after  competitive  examinations  conducted  by  boards  of  engineer  officers  of  the 
Coast  Guard.  Candidates  for  Cadet  Engineers  must  not  be  less  than  20,H  years  of  age  and  serve  a  proba- 
tionary term  of  not  less  than  one  year  before  being  commissioned  Third  Lieutenants  of  Engineers.  No 
person  can  be  commissioned  Third  Lieutenant  of  Engineers  who  is  less  than  21  or  more  than  26  years  of  age. 

Thifi  branch  of  the  Government  is  under  the  charge  of  Captain  Commandant  E.  P.  Bertholf:  Senior 
Captain  D.  P.  Foley  is  the  Chief  Inspector;  Senior  Captain  H.  M.  Broadbent  is  the  Superintendent  of  Con- 
str\iutIon  and  Repair;  Charles  A.  McAllister  is  Engineer-In-Chlef;  G.  H.  Slaybaugh,  Chief  of  Division  of 
Material,  and  O.  M.  Ma-xam,  Chief  of  Division  of  Operations. 

The  authorized  personnel  is  227  commissioned  officers  and  C,.'i44  warrant  officers,  petty  officer.?  and 
enlisted  men. 

The  Coast  Guard  stations  are  divided  Into  thirteen  disti-icts,  embracing  the  Atlantic,  Gulf,  Great  Lakeq, 
and  Pacific  Coasts,  including  Alaska.  There  are  270  C'oa.st  Citiard  stations  and  houses  of  refuge.  <:)ne 
station  is  at  tho  Falls  of  the  Ohio,  near  Louisville,  Ky. 


The  Sixty-sixth  Congress. 


189 


THE    SIXTY-SIXTH    CONGRESS. 

BEGINS   MARCH   4,    1919,    AND    ENDS   MARCH   4,    1921. 

SENATE. 

President Thomas  R.  Marshall, 

Terms  '  Terms 

Expire.  Senators.  P.  O.  Address     Expire. 

A1,AB.4.5IA. 

1921.  .Oscar  W.  Undeiwood,  D Birmingham.         1923. 

1925;  .John  H.  BanlOiead,  D Jasper.  1925. 

ARIZONA. 

1923 . .  Hcm-y  F.  Ashurst,  D Prescott.  1923 . 

1921.  .Marcus  A.  Smith,  D Tucson.  1921, 


D.,  of  Indiana. 


ARKANSAS. 

J 921.  .\Vini.T.m  F.  KirDy,  D Little  Rock. 

1926.  .Joe  T.  Robinson.  D Lonoke. 

CALIFORNIA. 

Johnson,  R San  Francisco. 

Phelan,  D San  Francisco. 


1923.. Hiram  W. 
1921.  .James  D. 


COLORADO. 

1921.  .Charles  S.  Thoraas,  D Denver. 

1925.  .L.  C.  Phipps,  R Denver. 

COXN,'!CTICUT. 

1923.  .George  P.  McLean.  R Slmsbury. 

1921.  .Frank  B.  Brandegee,  R New  London. 

DEL.^.WARE. 

1923.  .  Josiah  O.  Wolcott,  D Wilmington. 

1925.  .L.  H.  Ball,  R .Marshallton. 


FLORIDA. 

.Park  Trammell,  D Tallahassee. 

.Duncan  U.  Fletcher,  D Jacksonville. 

GEORGIA. 

.  Hoke  Smith,  D Atlanta. 

.W.  J.  Harris,  D Sandersville. 

IDAHO. 

.  John  F.  Nugent,  D Boise. 

.William  E.  Borah,  R Boise. 

ILLINOIS. 

.Lawrence  Y.  Sherman,  R Springfield. 

.  Medill  McCorraick,  R Chicago. 

INDIANA. 

1923.  .Han-y  S.  New,  R Indianapolis. 

1921.  .James  E.  Watson,  R Rushville. 


1923. 
1921. 

1921. 
1925. 

1921 
1925. 

1921. 
1925. 


1 921.. Albert  B 
1925. 


IOWA. 

Cummins,  R. 


,  .Des  Moines. 


.William  S.  Keuj'on,  R Fort  Dodge. 

KANSAS. 

1921 .  .Charles  Curtis,  R Topeka. 

1925.  .Arthur  Capper,  R Topeka. 

KENTUCKY. 

1921.  .J.  C.  W.  Beckham,  D Fr.ankfort. 

1925.  .A.  O.  Stanley,  D Henderson. 

LOUISIANA. 

1921.  .E.  J.  Gay,  D Plaquemine. 

1925.  .Joseph  E.  Ransdell,  D L.  Providence. 

.MAINE. 

1923.  .Frederick  Hale,  R Portland. 

1925.  .Bert  M.  Fernald,  R West  Poland. 

MARYLAND. 

1923.  .Joseph  I.  France,  R Port  Deposit. 

1921 .  .John  W.  Smith,  D Snow  Hill. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

1923.  .Henry  C.  Lodge,  R Nahant. 

1925.  .D.  I.  Walsh,  D Fitchburg. 

MICHIGAN. 

1923.  .Charles  E.  Townsend,  R Jackson. 

1925.  .T.  H.  Newberry,  R Grosse  Point. 

.MINNESOTA. 

1923.  .Frank  B.  Kellogg,  R St.  Paul. 

1925.  .Knute  Nelson,  R Ale.Nandria. 

JIISSISSIPPI. 

1923.  .John  S.  Williams,  D Benton. 

1925.  .B.  P.  Harrison,  D Gulf  port. 

MISSOURI. 

1923. .  James'A.  Reed,  D Kansas  City. 

1921.  .S.  P.  Spencer,  R St.  Louis. 

MONTANA. 

1923.  .Henry  L.  Myers,  D Hamilton. 

1925.  .Thomas  J.  Walsh,  D Helena. 


P.  O.  Address. 


4Senators. 

NEBRASKA. 

Hitchcock,  D Omaha. 

Norris,  R McCook 


.Gilbert  M. 
.George  W. 

NEVADA. 

.Key  Pittman,  D Tonopah. 

.Charles  B.  Henderson,  D Elko. 


NEW    HAMTSHIRE. 

.Henry  W.  Keyes,  R Haverhill. 

.George  H.  Moses,  R Concord. 

NEW    JERSEY. 

1923.  .Joseph  S.  Frelinghuyson,  R...  .Raritan. 
1925.  .Walter  E.  Edge,  R Atlantic    City. 

NEW    JIEXICO. 

.Andrieus  A.  Jones,  D E.  Las  Vegas. 

.Albert  B.  Fall,  R Three  Rivers. 


1925. 
1921. 


1923 
1925 

NEW   YORK. 

1923.  .Wm.  M.  Calder,  R Brooklyn. 

1921.  .  Jas.  W.  Wads  worth,  Jr.,  R Mt,  Morris. 

NORTH    CAROLINA. 

1921.  .Lee  S.  Overman,  D .Salisbury. 

1925.  .Furnifold  McL.  Simmons,  D..  .Newbern. 

NORTH    DAKOTA. 

1923.  .Porter  J.  McCumber,  R Wahpeton. 

1921 . .  Asle  J.  Gronna,  R Lakota. 

OHIO. 

1923 . .  Atlee  Pomerene,  D Canton. 

1921.  .Warren  G.  Harding,  R Marion. 

OKLAHOMA. 

1921 .  .  Thomas  P.  Gore,  D Lawton. 

1925.  .Robert  L.  Owen,  D Muskogee. 

OREGON. 

1921.  .George  E.  Chamberlain,  D. . .   Portland. 

1925.  .Charles  L.  McNary,  R Salem. 

pennsylva.nl*. 

1923.  .Philander  C.  Knox,  R Pittsburgli. 

1921.  .Boies  Penrose,  R Philadelphia. 

RHODE    ISLAND. 

1923.  .Peter  G.  Gerry,  D Warwick. 

1925.  .Le  Baron  B.  Colt,  R Bristol. 


SOUTH    CAROLINA. 

.Ellison  D.  Smith,  D Florence. 

.Nath.  B.  Dial,  D Laurens. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA. 

.Edwin  S.  Johnson,  D Yankton. 

.  Thomas  Sterling,  R Vermilion. 

TENNESSEE. 

.Kenneth  D.  McKellar,  D Memphis. 

.John  K.  Shields,  D Knoxville. 

TBXAS. 

,  Charles  A.  Culberson,  D Dallas. 

.Morris  Sheppard,  D Texarkana. 

UTAH. 

Wm.  H.  King,  D Salt  Lake  City 

.Reed  Smoot,  R Provo. 

VERMONT. 

Carroll  S.  Page,  R Hyde  Park. 

.William  P.  Dillingham,  R Montpelicr. 

VIRGINIA. 

Claude  A.  Swansou,  D Chatham. 

Thom.as  S.  Martin,  D Charlottesville 

WASHINGTON. 

Miles  Poindexter,  R Spokane. 

1921.  .Wesley  L.  Jones,  R.. , N.  Yakim.a. 

WEST  VIRGINIA. 

1923.  .Howard  Sutherland,  R. Elkins. 

1925.  .Davis  Elkius,  R Morgantown. 

WISCONSIN. 

.Robert  M.  La  FoUette,  R Madison. 

.Irvine  L.  Lenroot,  R.  . , .  .^. . .  .Superior. 

WYOMLSG. 

.John  B.  Kendrick,  D.- .Sheridan. 

. Francis  E.  AVarren,  B. , Cheyenne. 


1921. 
1925. 

1921. 
1925. 

1923. 
1925. 

1923. , 
1925.. 

1923.. 
1921. 

1923. 
1921. 

1923. 
1925. 

1923. 


1923. 
1921. 

1923. 
1925. 


The  whole  number  of  Senators  is  96.     Democrats,  47:  Republicans,  49.     The  salary  of  a  Senator  ia 
S7,500  per  annum  and  20  cents  per  mile  for  travelling  from  and  to  the  seat  of  Govcmment. 


190 


The  kii'xiy-si^cth  Congress — Continued. 


HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


P.  O.  Address. 
MonroeviUe. 
Montgomery. 
Ozark. 
Annlston. 
Lafayette. 
Tuscaloosa. 
Gad.sden. 
Tuscumbia. 
Birmineham. 
Ja.sper. 


.Toncs'ooio. 
Bate.svllle. 
Fayetteville. 
,  De  Queen. 
.  Dardauplle. 
,Plne  Bluff. 
.Warren. 


AliABAMA 

£)tst.    Represetitailves.  Politics. 

1  John  McDuJfle Dem. . 

2  S.  Hubert  Dent,  Jr.* Dem. . 

3  Henry  B.  SteagaU* Dem.  , 

4  Fred.  I..  Blackmon* Dem. . 

5  J.  Thomas  Heflin* Dem .  , 

f.  William  B.  Oliver* Dem. , 

7  John  L,  Burnett* Dem.  . 

8  Edward  B.  Almon* Dem.  . 

9  George  Hiiddleston* Dem . . 

10  W.  B.  Bankhead Dem. . 

ARIZONA. 

At  Larg  . 
C'ail  HayOeu* Dem . .  Phoeni.K. 

ARKANSAS. 

J   Thaddcus  H.  Caraway*..  .Dem. 

2  William  A.  Oldfield* Dem. 

S  .lohn  N.  Tillman* Dem. 

4  Otis  Wingo* Dem . 

5  Henderson  M.  Jacoway*.  .Dem. 

6  Sam.  M.  Taylor* Dem. 

7  William  S.  Goodwin* Dem. 

CALIFORNIA. 

1  Clarence  F.  Lea* Dem . 

2  John  E.  Raker* Dem. 

3  Charlea  F.  Curry* Rep. . 

4  Julius  Kahn* Rep. . 

5  John  I.  Nolan* Rep. . 

f>  John  A.  Elston* Rep. . 

7  H.  E.  Baibour Rep. . 

8  Hugh  S.  Hersman Dem. 

9  Charles  H.  Randall*  Proh. 

10  Henry  Z.  Osborne* Rep.. 

1 1  William  Kettner* Dem . 

COLORADO. 

1  William  N.  Valle Rep. . 

2  Charles  B.  Tlmberlake*. . .  Rep. . 

3  Guy  W.  Hardy Rep. . 

4  Edward  T.  Taylor* Dem . 

CONNECTICUT. 

1  Augustine  Louergant Dem . 

2  Richard  P.  Freeman* Rep. . 

3  John  Q.  Tilson* Rw-  • 

4  Schuyler  Merritt* Rep. . 

5  James  P.  Glynn* Rep. . 

DELAWARE. 

At  Large. 
Caleb  R.  Layton Rep. . 

FLORIDA. 

1  H.  J.  Drane* Dem. 

2  Frank  Clark* Dem. 

3  J.  H.  Smithwick Dem . 

4  William  J.  Sears* Dem . 

GEORGIA. 

1  J.  W.  Oversircett Dem . 

2  Frank  Park* Dem . 

3  Charles  R.  CrLsp* Dem . 

4  W.  C.  Wright Dem . 

5  Wm.  D.  Upshaw Dem . 

6  James  W.  Wise* Dem . 

7  Gordon  Lee* Dem . 

8  Charles  HiUyer  Brand*.  .  .Dem. 

9  Thomas  M.  Bell* Dem. 

10  Carl  Vinson* Dem. 

11  W.  C.  Lankford Dem. 

12  W.  W.  Larsen* Dem . 

IDAHO. 

At  Large. 

Addison  T.  Smith* Rep. . 

Burton  L.  French Rep. . 

ILLINOIS. 

1  Martin  B.  Madden* Rep. . 

2  James  R.  Mann* Rep. . 

3  William  W.  Wilson* Rep. . 

4  John  W.  Rainey* Dem. 

5  Adolph  J.  Sabath* Dem . 

f>  James  McAndrews* Dem . 

7  Niels  JiuU Rep. . 

8  Thomas  Gallagher* Dem. 

9  Fred.  A.  Britten* Rep. . 

10  C.  R.  Chindbloom Rep. . 

1 1  Ira  C.  Copley* Rep. . 


.Santa  Rosa. 
.  Alturas. 
.  Sacramento. 
.San  Francisco. 
.San  Franri.sco. 
.Berkeley. 
,  Fresno. 
.Gilroy. 
,Lo3  Anijeles. 
.Los  Augeles. 
.San  Diego. 


.  Denver. 
.Sterling. 
.Canyon  City. 
Glenwood  Sp'gs 


.Hartford. 
.New  London. 
.New  Haven. 
.Stamford. 
,  Wlnsted. 


Georgetown. 

.Lakeland. 
.Gainesville. 
.  Pen.sacolii. 
.  Kisslmmee. 


.  Sylvania. 
.Sylvester. 
.  Americas. 
.  Newman. 
.  Atlanta. 
.Fayetteviile. 
.Chickamauga. 
.  Athens. 
.Gainesville. 
.Milledgoville. 
.Valdof.la. 
.Dubllp 


.Twin  Falls. 
.  Moscow. 


.  Chicago. 
.  Chicago. 
.  Chicago. 
.  Chicago. 
.  Chicajro. 
.  Chicago. 
.Chicago. 
,  Chicago. 
,  Chicago. 
,  Ciilcngo. 
Aurora. 


ILLINOIS — Continued. 
Dlst.     Representatives.  Politics. 

12  Charles  E.  Fuller* Rep. . . 

1.1  John  C.  McKenzie* Rep. . . 

14  William  J.  Graham* Rep. . . 

15  Edward  J.  King* Rep..  . 

16  Clifford  Ireland* Rep. . . 

17  Frank  I..  Smith Rep. . . 

18  Joseph  G.  Cannon* Rep. .  . 

19  William  B.  McKlnley  *. .  .Rep.. , 

20  Henry  T.  Rainey* Dem. . 

21  Loren  E.  Wheeler* Rep. .  . 

22  William  A.  Rodenberg* . .  .  Rep. . . 

23  E.  B.  Brooks Rep. .  . 

24  Thomas  S.  Wllllam.s* Rep. .  . 

25  Edward  E.  Denison* Rep. .  . 

At  Large. 

Richard  Yates Rep. .  . 

William  E.  Masont Rep. . . 

INDIANA. 

1  O.  R.  Luhrlng Rep.. 

2  Oscar  E.  Bland Rep. . 

3  J.  W.  Dunbar Rep. . 

4  J.  S.  Benham Rep.. 

5  Everett  Sanders* Rep.. 

6  Richard  N.  Elliott* Rep. 

7  Merrill  Moores* Rep. 


_     _                                         , .  Rep. . 
9  Fred.  S.  Purnell* Rep. . 

10  William  R.  Wood* Rep. . 

1 1  Milton  Kraus Rep. . 

12  L.  W.  Fairfield Rep. . 

13  A.  J.  HIckey Rep  . 

IOWA. 

1  Charles  A.  Kennedy* Rep. . 

2  Hairy  E.  Hull* Rep. . 

3  Burton  E.  Sweet* Rep. . 

4  Gilbert  N.  Haugen* Rep. . 

5  James  W.  Good* Rep. . 

6  C.  William  Ramseyer* Rep. . 

7  Cassius  C.  Dowell* Rep. . 

8  Horace  M.  Towner* Rep. . 

9  William  R.  Green* Rep. . 

10  J.  L.  Dlcklason Rep.. 

1 1  W.  D.  Boles Rep. . 

KANSAS. 

1  Dan'l  R.  Anthony,  Jr.*.  .  .Rep.. 

2  E.  C.  Little* Rep. . 

3  Philip  P.  Campbell* Rep.. 

4  Homer  Hoch Rep. . 

5  J.  C.  Strong Rep.. 

6  Hayes  B.  Wliite Rep. . 

7  J.  N.  Tincher Rep.. 

8  William  A.  Ayres* Dem. 

KENTUCKY 

1  Alben  W.  Barkley* Dem . 

2  David  H.  Kincheloe* Dem . 

3  R.  Y.  Thomas,  Jr.* Dem . 

4  Ben  Johnson* Dem . 

5  Chas.  F.  Ogden Rep. . 

6  Arthur  B.  Rouse* Dem. 

7  James  C.  Cantrill*    Dem. 

8  Harvey  Helm* Dem. 

9  William  J.  Fields* Dem. 

10  John  W.  Langley* Rep.. 

11  J.  M.  Roblson Rep. . 

LOUISIANA. 

1  Albert  Estoplnal* Dem. 

2  H.  Garland  Dupre* Dem . 

3  Whitmell  P.  Martin* Prog. 

4  John  T.  Watkins* Dem. 

5  Riley  J.  Wilson* Dem. 

6  J.  Y.  Sanders Dem, 

7  Ladislas  Lazaro* Dem. 

8  James  B.  Aswell* Dem. 

MAINE. 

1  Louis  B.  Goodall* Rep. . 

2  Wallace  H.  White,  Jr.* . .  .  Rep. . 

3  John  A.  Peters* Rep. . 

4  Ira  G.  Jersey* Rep.. 

MARYLAND. 

1  Wm.  N.  Andrews Rep.. 

2  CarvUle  D.  Benson Dem . 

3  Charles  P.  Coady* Dem . 

4  J.  Charles  Linthlcum* Dem. 

5  Sydney  E.  Mudd* Rep. . 

6  Frederick  N.  Zlhlman* — Rep. . 


P.  O.  Address. 
.  Belvldere. 
.  Elizabeth. 
.  Aledo. 
.  Galesburg. 
.  Peoria. 
.Bloomlngton. 
.  Danville. 
.  Champaign. 
.  CarroUton. 
.  Springfield. 
.East  St.  Louis. 
.  Newton. 
.  Louisville. 
.Marlon. 

.  Clilcago. 

.  Chicago. 

.  Evansville. 
.  Linton. 
.  New  Albany. 
.  Benham. 
.Terre  Haute. 
.Connersville. 
.  Indianapolis. 
.Anderson. 
.Attica. 
.  Lafayette. 
.  Peru. 
.  Angola. 
.  Laporte. 

.  Montrose. 
.Williamsburg. 
.Waverly. 
.North  wood. 
.  Cedar  Rapids. 
.Bloomfield. 
.  Des  Moines. 
.Corning. 
.  Audubon. 
,  Algona. 
.Sioux  City. 

.  Leavenworth. 

•  Kansas  City. 
.  Pittsburg. 

.  Marion. 
,  Blue  Rapids. 
.  Mankato. 
Medicine  Lodge 
,  Wichita. 

.  Paducah. 
.  Madisonville. 
Central  City. 
,  Bardstown. 
,  Louisville. 

•  Biu'lington. 

.  Georgetown. 
.Stanford. 
.Olive  Hill. 
.  Plkeville. 
.BarbourviUe. 

.St.  Bernard. 

•  New  Orleans.  • 
.Thlbodaux. 
.Mlnden. 
.Harrisonb\irg. 

,  Bogalusa. 
.Washington. 
.  Natchitoches. 

.Sanford. 
,  Lewiston. 
.Ellsworth. 
.Houlton. 

,  Cambridge. 
Hlllthorpe. 
,  Baltimore. 
Baltimore. 
.  La  Plata 
.Cumberland. 


The  Sixty-sixth  Congress— Continued. 


131 


MAtSSALUDSETrS. 

Dist.     Representatives.  Politics. 

1  Allen  T.  Tl-eadway* .Rep..  . 

2  Frederick  H.  Gillett* Rep. .  . 

3  Calvin  D.  Paige* Rep.. 

4  Samuel  E.  Winslow* Rep. . 

5  John  Jacob  Rogers* Rep.. 

C  Wilfred  W.  I.ufkin* Rep. . 

7  Michael  F.  Plielan* Dem . 

8  Frederick  W.  Dallinger*.  .Rep.. 

9  A.  T.  Fuller* Ind.  . 

10  John  F.  Fitzgerald Dem . 

11  Geo.  Holden  Tinkham*. .  .Rep.. 

12  James  A.  Gallivan* Dem. 

IS  Robert  Luce Rep. . 

14  Richard  Olney  2d* Dem . 

15  William  S.  Greene* Rep.. 

IG  Joseph  Walsh* Rep. . 

MICHIGAN. 

1  Frank  E.  Doremus* Dem. 

2  Earl  C.  Michener Rep. . 

3  John  M.  C.  Smith* Rep. . 

4  Edward  L.  Hamilton*  .  . .  .Rep. . 

5  Carl  E.  Mapes* Rep. . 

6  Patrick  H.  Kelley Rep. . 

7  Louis  C.  Cramtou* Rep. . 

8  Joseph  W.  Fordney* Rep.. 

9  James  C.  McLaughlin*.  .  .Rep.. 

10  Gilbert  R.  Currie* Rep. . 

11  Frank  D.  Scott* Rep. . 

12  W.  Fi-ank  James* Rep. . 

13  Charles  A.  Nichols* Rep. . 

MINNESOTA. 

1  Sydney  Anderson* Rep. . 

2  Franklin  F.  Ellsworth* Rep.. 

3  Charles  R.  Davis Rep. . 

4  Carl  C.  Van  Dyke* Dem . 

5  W.  H.  Newton Rep. . 

6  Harold  Kmnson* Rep. . 

7  Andrew  J.  Volsteiid* Rep. . 

8  W.  L.  Carrs Ind.  . 

9  Halvor  Steenerson* Rep. . 

10  Thomas  D.  Schall* Prog . 

MISSISSIPPI. 

1  Ezekiel  S.  Candler* Dem . 

2  Hubert  D.  Stephens* Dem. 

3  Benj.  G.  Humphreys*  .  .  .  .Dem. 

4  Thomas  U.  Sisson* Dem . 

5  William  W.  Venable* Dem . 

6  P.  B.  Johnson Dem . 

7  Percy  E.  Quiii* Dem . 

8  James  W.  Collier* Dem. 

MISSOURI. 

1  iSiilton  A.  Romjue* Dem. 

2  William  W.  Rucker » Dem . 

3  Joshua  W.  Alexander*.  .  .  .Dem. 

4  Charles  F.  Booher* Dem . 

5  W.  T.  Bland Dem . 

6  Clement  C.  Dickinson*  .  .  .Dem. 

7  Samuel  C.  Major Dem . 

8  Wm.  L.  Nelson Dem . 

9  Champ  Clark* Dem . 

10  Cleveland  Newton Rep. . 

11  William  L.  Igoe* Dem. 

12  L.  C.  D5'er* Rep. . 

13  Marion  E.  Rhodes Rep. . 

14  Ed.  D.  Hays Rep. . 

1.5  J.  V.  McPherson Rep. . 

16  Thomas  L.  Rubey* Dem . 

MONTANA. 

At  Large. 

John  M.  Evans* Dem . 

Carl  W.  Riddick Rep. . 

NEBRASKA. 

1  Charles  F.  Reavis* Rep. . 

2  Albert  W.  Jefferies Rep. . 

3  Robert  E.  Evans Rep. . 

4  M.  O.  McLaughlin Rep. . 

.5  Wm.  E.  Andrew.st Rep. . 

0  Moses  P.  Kinkaid* Rep. . 

NEVADA. 

At  Large. 
Cbas..  H.  Evans Dem . 

''  NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 

1  ShenaanE.  Burroughs*..  .Rep. . 

2  Edward  H.  Wason* ......  Rep. . 


P.  O.  Address. 
.  Stockbridge. 
.Springfield. 
.  Southbridge. 
.  Worcester 
.Lowell. 
.  Esse.x. 
.  I,ynn. 
.  Cambridge. 
.Maiden. 
.Boston. 
.  Boston. 
.  Boston. 
.  Waltham. 
.  Dedham. 
.Fall  River. 
.New  Bedford. 


Detroit. 

Adrian. 

Charlotte. 

Niles. 

Grand  Rapids. 

Lansing. 

Lapeer. 

Saginaw. 

Muskegon. 

Midland. 

Alpena. 

Hancock. 

Detroit. 


Lanesboro. 
Mankato. 
St.  Peter. 
St.  Paul. 
Minneapolis. 
St.  Cloud. 
Granite  Falls. 
Proctor. 
Crookston. 
Excelsior. 


Corinth. 
New  Albany. 
Greenville. 
Winona. 
Meridian. 
Ilartiesburg. 
McComb   City, 
Vicksburg. 

Macon. 

Keytesville. 

Gallatin. 

Savannah. 

Kansas  City. 

Clinton. 

Fayette. 

Columbia. 

Bowling  Green. 

St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis. 

St.  Louis. 

Potosi. 

Cape  Girardeau 

Aurora. 

Lebanon. 


Missoula. 
Lewiston. 

Falls  City. 

Omaha. 

Dakota  City. 

York. 

Hastings. 

O'Neill. 


Goldfield. 

Manchester. 
Nashua. 


NEW    JERSEY. 

Disl      Representatives.  Politics. 

1  William  J.  Browning*  .  .  .  .Rep. . . 

2  Isaac  Bacharach* Rep. .  . 

3  Thomas  J.  Scully* Dem. . 

4  Elijah  C.  Hutchinson* ....  Rep. .  . 

5  Ernest  R.  Ackerman Rep. .  . 

6  John  R.  Ramsey* Rep.. . 

7  Amos  H.  Radcliffe Rep. . . 

8  Corn.  J.  McGlennon Dem.  . 

9  Daniel  F.  Minahan. .....  Dem.  . 

10  Frederick  R.  Lehlbach*. .  .  Rep. .  . 

1 1  John  J.  Eagan* Dem .  . 

12  James  A.  Hamill* Dem .  . 

NEW    MEXICO. 

At   Large. 
B.  C.  Hernandezt Rep. 

NEW     YORK. 

1  Frederick  C.  Hicks* Rep. , 

2  Chas.  Pope  Caldwell* Dem. 

3  Jolm  McCrate Rep. 

4  Tho.s.  H.  Cullen Dem. 

5  John  B.  Johnston Dem. 

6  Frederick  W.  Rowe* Rep.. 

7  J.  P.  Maher* Dem . 

8  William  E.  Clcary* Dem, 

9  D.  J.  O'Coimell Dem. 

10  Reuben  L.  Haskell* Rep.. 

1 1  Daniel  J.  Riordan* Dem . 

12  Hemy  M.  Goldfoglet   .  ,  .  .Dem. 

13  Chris.  D.  Sullivan* Dem , 

14  F.  H.  LaGuardia Rep. , 

15  Peter  J.  Dooling* Dem. 

16  Thos.  F.  Smith* Dem, 

17  Herbert  C.  Pell Dem. 

18  John  F.  Carew* Rep. . 

19  Joseph  Rowan Rep. , 

20  Isaac  Siegel Rep. . 

21  Jerome F.  Donovan Dem. 

:!2  Anthony  J.  Giiffin Dem. 

23  R.  F.  McKiniry Dem . 

24  J.  V.  Ganley Dem. 

25  James  W.  Husted* Rep. . 

26  Edmund  Piatt* Rep. . 

27  Charles  B.  Ward* Rep. . 

28  Rollin  B.  Sanford Rep. . 

29  James  S.  Parker* Rep. . 

30  Frank  Crowther Rep. . 

31  Bertrand  H.  Snell* Rep. . 

32  Luther  W.  Mott* Rep. . 

33  Homer  P.  Snyder* Rep. , 

34  Wm.  H.  Hill Rep. , 

35  Walter  W.  Magee* Rep. . 

36  Norman  J.  Gould* Rep. 

37  A   B.  Houghton Rep. . 

38  Thomas  B.  Dunn* Rep. . 

39  Archie  D.  Sanders Rep. . 

40  S.  Wallace  Dempsey* Rep.. 

41  Clarence  McGregor Rep.. 

42  Jiis.  M.  Mead Dem , 

43  Daniel  Reed Rep. . 

NORTH    CAROLINA. 

1  John  H.  Small* Dem . 

2  Claude  Kitchln* Dem , 

3  S.  M.  Brinson Dem . 

4  Edward  W.  Pou* Dem 

5  Charles  M.  Stedmau*.  .  .  .Dem 

6  Hannibal  L.  Godwin* Dem, 

7  L.  D.  Robinson* Dem 

8  Robert  L.  Doughton* Dem 

9  Edwin  Y.  Webb* Dem 

10  Zeb  Weaver* Dem 

NORTH  DAKOTA. 

1  John  M.  Baer* Ind . 

2  George  M.  Young* Rep. 

3  J .  H.  Sinclair Rep. 

OHIO. 

1  Nicholas  Longworth* .....  Rep. 

2  A.  E.  B.  Stephens , .  Rep. 

3  Warren  Gard* Dem 

4  Benjamin  F.  Welty* Dem 

5  C.  J.  Thompson. Rep. 

6  Charles  C.  Kearns*^ Rep. 

7  Simeon  D.  Fess* Rep. 

8  R.  C.  Cole Rep. 

9  Isaac  R.  Sherwood* Dem 

10  I.   M.  Foster .Rep. 

11  Edward  D.  Ricketts Rep! 

21  Clement  Brumbaugh*  ....  Dem 


P.  O.  Address^ 
Camden. 
Atlantic  City. 
South  Amboj. 
Trenton. 
Plainfjeld. 
Hackensack. 
Paterson. 
E.  Newark. 
Orange. 
Newark. 
Weehawl(oa 
Jersey  City. 


Tierra  Amarilla 

Port  Washing. 

Forest  Hills. 

Biooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

Brooklyn. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  Cit.T. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

Pelham. 

Peekskill. 

Poughkeepsia 

De  Bruce. 

Slingerlands. 

Salem. 

Schenectady. 

Potsdam. 

Oswego. 

Little  Falls. 

Johnson  City. 

SsTacuse. 

Seneca  Falls, 

Corning. 

Rochester. 

Stafford. 

Lockport. 

Buffalo. 

Buffalo. 

Dunkirk. 


Washington. 

Scotland  Neck. 

Goldsboro. 

Smithfield. 

(Greensboro. 

Dunn. 

Wadesboro. 

Laurel  Springs. 

Shelby. 

Hendersonviltei 


Fargo. 
Valley  City. 
Kenmare. 

Cincinnati. 
North  Bend. 
Hamilton. 
Lima 

Defiance.     . 
Batavia. 
Yellow  Spring*. 
Findlay. 
Toledo. 
,  Athens. 
Logan. 
Columbus. 


wz 


_  'I  'he  iSixty-sixthJJongress^Continued. 


OHIO— Conttnued . 
XAst.    RepTcscjitaHves.  PolMcs. 

13  J.  T.  Begg. Rep.. 

14  M.  L.  Davey. Dem . 

15  C.  E.  Moore Rep. . 

16  Roscoe  C.  McCuUocU* Rep.. 

17  William  A.  Ashbrook* Dem. 

18  B.  F.  Murphy. Rep.. 

19  John  G.  Cooprf* Rep. . 

20  C.  A.  Mooney Dem . 

21  John  J.  Babka. Dem. 

22  Henry  l.  Emerson* Rep. . 


OKLAHOMA. 

1  E.  B.  Howard Dem . 

2  William  W.  Hastings* Dem. 

3  Charles  D.  Carter* Dem . 

4  T.  D.  McKeown* Dem. 

5  .foseph  B.  Thompson*.  . .  .Dem. 
G  Scott  VerrlR* Dem. 

7  James  V.  McClintic* Dem . 

8  Dick  T.  Morgan* Rep. . 

OUECiON. 

1  Willis  C.  Hawtcv* Rep. . 

2  Nicholas  J.  Sinnotr* Rep. . 

3  C.  N,  McArthur* Rep. . 

penxsylvania. 

1  William  S.  Varr* Rei). . 

2  George .S.  Grah.'ira* Rep. . 

3  J.  Hampton  Moore* Rep. . 

4  George  W.  Edmonds*  ....  Rep. . 

5  Peter  E.  Costello* Rep. . 

6  George  P.  Daxrow* Rep. . 

7  Thomas  S.  Butler* Rep. . 

8  Harry  W.  Watson* Rep.. 

0  William  W.  Grie.st* Rep.. 

10  Patrick  McLane Dem. 

1 1  John  J.  Ca.seyt Dem . 

12  John  Reber Rep. . 

13  Arthur  G.  Dewalt* Dem . 

14  i.onis  T.  McFadden* Rep. . 

15  F.dgar  R.  Kie.ss* Rep. . 

16  John  V.  Lcsher* Dem . 

17  Benjamin  K.  Focht* Rep. . 

18  Aaron  S.  Kreider* Rep. . 

19  John  M.  Rose* Rep. . 

20  Edw.  S.  Brooks Rep. . 

21  Even  J.  Jones Rep. . 

22  Edwin  E.  Robbing* Rep. . 

23  S.  A.  Kendall Rep. . 

24  Henry  W.  Temple* Rep. . 

25  M.  M.  Shrevet Rep. . 

20  Henry  J.  Steele* Dem . 

27  Nathan  L.  Strong* Rep. . 

28  W.  J.  Hulinps.! Rep. . 

29  Stephen  G.  Porter* Rep. . 

30  M.  Clyde  Kellyt Ind . . 

31  John  M.  Morin* Rep. . 

32  Guy  E.  Campbell* Dem . 

At  iMfffe. 

Thomas  S.  Crago* Rep. . 

Mahlon  M .  Garland* Rep. . 

Wm.  J.  Burke Rep. . 

A.  H.  Walterst Rep. . 


P.O.  .'iddress' 

Sandusky. 

Kent. 

.  Cambridge. 

Canton. 

Johnstown. 

Steubenville. 

Youngstowu, 

Cleveland. 

Cleveland . 
.Cleveland. 

.Tulsa. 

.TahleQuah. 

.  Ardmore. 

.Ada. 

.  Pauls  Valley. 

.  Lawton. 

.  Snyder. 

.AVoodw.ard. 

..Salem. 
.The  D.i,lle8 
.Portland. 

.Philadelphia. 
.  Philadelphia. 
.Philadelphia. 
.Philadelphia. 
.Philadelphia. 
.Philadelphia. 
.West  Chester 
.  Langhome. 
.  Lancaster. 
.  Scranton. 
.  Wilkes-Barre. 
.Pottsville. 
.  AUentown. 
.  Canton. 
.  Willlamsport. 
.  Sunbury. 
.  I..ewisburg. 
.  Annville. 
.  Johnstown. 
.York. 
.  Bradford. 
.Greensburg. 
.  Meyer.sdalo. 
.  Washington. 
.Erie. 
.  Easton. 
.  Brookville. 
.Oil  City. 
.Pittsbui'gh. 
.Braddock. 
.Pittsburgh. 
.Craft  on. 

.  Waynesburg . 
.  Pittsburgh. 
.Pittsburgh. 
.Johnstown. 


RHODt".    ISLAND. 

1  Clark  Burdic k Rep. . 

2  Walter  R.  Stlness* Rep. . 

3  Ambrose  Kennedy* Rep. . 

.SOUTH   CAROLINA. 

1  Richard  B.  Wlialey* Dem . 

2  .lames  F.  Byi-nc.s* Dem. 

3  Fred.  H.  Dominick* Dem. 

4  Sam  J.  Nicholls* Dem . 

5  William  F.  Stevenson*. . . .  Dem . 

6  .)   Wlllard  Ragsdale* Dem. 

7  Asbury  F.  Le^er* Dem . 

SOUTH   DAKOTA. 

1  C.  Christopherson Rep. . 

2  Royal  C.  Johason* Rep. . 

3  Harry  L.  Gandy* Dem. 

TENNESSEE. 

1  Sam.  K.  Sells* Rep. . 

2  J.  W.  Taylor Rep. . 

3  John  A.  Moon* Dem . 

4  Cordell  Hull*. . . .' Dem. 


.  Newport. 
.  Cowesett. 
.  Woonsocket. 

Charleston. 
Aiken. 
Newberry. 
Spartanliurg 
Cheraw. 
.  Florence. 
Lexington. 

.  Sioux  Falls. 
.Aberdeen. 
.Rapid  CUy. 

,  Johnson  City. 
.  La  FoUett*. 
,  Chattanooga. 
.  Carthage. 


TENNESSEE — Continued. 
IHst.     Representatives.  Politics.    P.  O.  Address. 

5  E.  L.  Davis Dem.  .Tullahoma. 

6  Joseph  W.  Byins* Dem . . Nashville. 

7  Lemuel  P.  Padgett* Dem .  .  Columbia. 

8  Thetus  W.  Sims* Dem . .  Linden. 

9  Finis  J.  Garrett* Dem .  .  Dresden. 

10  Hubert  Fisher*- Dem.   Memphis. 


TEXAS. 

1  Eugene  Black* Dem. 

2  John  C  Box Dem. 

3  James  Young* Dem . 

4  Sam.  Rayburn* Dem . 

5  Hatton  W.  Sumuers* Dem . 

6  Rufus  Hardy* Dem. 

7  Clay  S.  Briggs Dem . 

8  Joe  H.  Eagle* Dem. 

9  J.  J.  Mansfield* Dem. 

10  James  P.  Buclianan* Dem. 

1 1  Tom  Connally* Dem . 

12  James  C.  Wilson* Dem. 

13  L.  W.  Parish Dem . 

14  Carlos  Bee Dem. 

15  John  N.  Garner* Dem. 

16  Claude  Hudspeth Dem. 

17  Thos.  L.  Blanton* Dem. 

18  Marvin  Jone.-i* Dem. 

UTAH. 

1  M.  H.  Welling* Dem. 

2  James  H.  May.s* Dem. 

VERMONT. 

1  Frank  L.  Greene* Rep. 

2  Porter  H.  Dale* Rep. 


VIRGINIA. 

1  Schuj'lcr  E.  Bland* Dem. 

2  Edward  E.  Holland* Dem. 

3  Andrew  J.  Montague*.  .  .  .Dem. 

4  Walter  A.  Watson* Dem . 

5  Edward  W.  Saunders* . .  .  .Dem. 

6  Carter  Glass* Dem. 

7  T.  W.  Harrison* Dem . 

8  Charles  C.  Carlin* Dem . 

9  C.  Bascom  Slemp* Rep. . 

10  Henry  D.  Flood* Dem . 

WA.SH1.VGTO.V. 

John  F.  Miller* Rep. . 

Lindley  H.  Hadley* Rep. . 

Albert  Johnson* Rep. . 

J.  W.  Summers Rep. . 

J.  S.  Webster Rep. . 


I 
2 
3 

4 
,5 

WEST    VinOINIA. 

1  M.  M.  Neely* Dem. 

2  George  M.  Bowers* Rep. . 

3  Stuart  F.  Reed* Rep. . 

4  Harry  C.  Woodyard* Rep. . 

5  W.  Goody  Kounu Rep.. 

6  L.  B.  Echols Rep. . 


.  Clarksville. 
.  Jacksonville. 
.  Kaufman. 
.  Bonham. 
.  Dallas. 
.  Corsicana. 
.Galveston. 
.Houston. 
.  Columbus. 
.  Breuham. 
.  Marlin. 
.Fort  Worth. 
.  Henrietta. 
.  San  Antonio. 
.  Uvalde. 
.  El  Paso. 
.  Abilene. 
.Amarllla. 

.Fielding. 
Salt  Lake  City 

.St.  Albans. 
.  Island  Pond. 

.  Newport  News. 
.Suffolk. 
.Richmond. 
.Jennings  Ord'y. 
.Rocky    Mount. 
.  Lynchburg. 
.  Winchester. 
.  Alexandria. 
.Big  Stone  c;ap. 
.Appomattox. 

.  Seattle. 
.  Bellingham. 
.  Hoquiam. 
.Walla  Walla. 
.  Spok.ine. 

.  Fairmont. 
.  Martinsburg. 
.Clarksburg. 
.  Spencer. 
.Williamson. 
.Charleston. 

.  Kenosha. 
.Sheboygan. 
.Darlington. 
.  Milwaukee. 
.Milwaukee. 
.  Oshkosh. 
.  La  Crosse. 
.  Waupaca. 
.  Oconto. 
.Hudson. 


WISCONSIN. 

1  C.  E.  Randall Rep. . 

2  Edward  Voight Rep. . 

3  J.  G.  Monahan Rep. . 

4  John  C.  Kloetskii Rep. . 

5  Victor  Berger Soc .  . 

6  Florin  Lampert Rep. . 

7  John  J.  Esch* Rep. . 

8  Edward  E.  Browne* Rep. . 

9  David  G.  Classen* Rep. . 

10  James  A.  Frear* Rep. . 

11  A.  P.  Nelson 

WYOMING. 

At  Large. 
Frank  W.  Mondell* Rep. . 

ALASKA . 

JDelegatc. 
Charles  A.  Sulzer Dem . 

HAWAII. 

Delegate. 
J.  Kuhlo  Kalanlanaole* . .  .Rep. . .  Waiklki. 

PHILIPPINES. 

Resident  Commissioners. 

Jaime  C.  De  Veyra* Nat. . .  Leyte,  P.  1. 

Tedoro  R.  "Yangko* Ind . . .  Zambales.  P.  I. 

PORTO   RICO. 

Resident  Commissioner. 
Felix  Cordova  Devila* Dem.  .San  Juan. 


.  Newcastle. 
.  Sulzer. 


democrats,  193;  Republicans,  238;  Independents,  2;  Prohibition,  1;  Socialist.  1.    *Served  In  Sixty-fifth 
Congress.     tServed   in   a   previous   Congress. 


The  Sicty-fiflh  Congress. 


19 


THE    SIXTY-FIFTH    CONGRESS. 

Isr.GAX   MARCH   4,    1017,   A.ND    KNDS  MARCa   4.    101.9. 

Tli'i  first  scsiioii  bc4:iiu  Ap-.il  2,  1917,  and  pnded  October  16,  1917.     The  second  session  l»?i,';i;i  De- >^a'.- 
Ijtf  3,  1917,  and  ended  NovcmDer  21,  1918.     Tbe  third  session  opened  Deceml.icr  2.  1918. 

SENATE  (SECOND  SESSION). 

PresideiU Tliomas  R.  Marshall,  D.,  of  Indiana. 

President  pro  tem niDard   Saulsbury,   D,,   of   Delaware. 

Secrcinry James  M.  Baker.  D,,  of  South  Carolina. 

Exn\rii.  Senators.      '  H.  O.  Aditres^i,     Expire.  Senator.'!.  P.  O.  .^Xirin. 


ALABAMA. 

1921 .  Oscar  W.  Underwood,  D 15inuiiis.;li:ini. 

1919.  .  .Toliu  H.  Bankliead,  D Jasper. 

AnieoNA. 

1923.  .Henry  F.  Ashui'st,  D Prcscotl;, 

1921,  .Marcus  A.  Smith,  D Tiicson. 

ARKANSA.S. 

1921 . .  William  F.  Kiiby,  D Little  Hock. 

1919.  ,Ioe  T.  Robinson,  Ji I.onoke. 

CALIFORNIA. 

1923,  .Uiraui  W.  Johnson,  K Sau  Friiucisco 

1921.    James  D.  Vlielan,  D San  Franci.sco. 

COLORADO. 

1921 .  .  Cliarlea  S.  Tliomas.  D Denver. 

1919.    John  F.  Shafroth,  D Donver. 

CONNKCTICUT. 

1923     George  P.  MoLean.  R. Simsbiiry. 

1921   .  Fraulc  Tt.  Brandegee,  R New  London. 

DBLAW.^BE. 

i9io   ..loMali  U.  VVoIcott,  D Wilmiut'ton. 

1919   .  Wiiiard  Siiulsbuvy,  D Wilminaton. 

FLORIDA. 

1023   . 1'ark  Trammell,  » Tallahassee. 

1921    .  Duncan  U.  Fletcher,  D Jacksoiville. 

(ilSOKGIA. 

1921 .  .  Hoko  Smith,  D Allauta. 

1919   .Thomas  W,  Hardwick.  D Sandersville. 

IDAHO. 

1921 .  ..lohn  l'\  Nugent.  D 

lOVi.   WiUii.m  E.  Borah,  R.  . . 

ILLINOIS. 

1921.  .  r„i\viTnce  V.  SUermaa,  U Hnriiii 

1919.  .  fanu'.s  ri.  Lewis,  D Ohioa: 

INDIANA. 

ll)2S, .  Uanv  ,S.  .\'ew,  R.  .  .  . [ndiaiinpolls. 

1921.  .  rn.iucs  10.  Watson,  H Rnsbvilio. 

WW'S. 

1021. .  .\lberr  n.  Cummins,  H Des  .Moines. 

1019. .  William  .i    K'.-nyon,  U Fort  Dodsjo. 

XANSAi?. 

19-.H    .  (.liurks  L^urti.s,  i{. Topeka. 

1919.  .  William  H.  Thompson,  D Garden  Oily. 

K'KATlrCl.  V. 

.1021  .  ..(.  V.  W.  I'.cckii.'ini,  D Fiankforl. 

1010    .  (ipor.r;!'  T3.  Martin       Oat'iettsbnrg. 

l;nOI>jl^^■A. 

1021 .  .  ^VaUcr  tiuion,  D Napoleanvillo 

1919.  .-U)¥\-'M  v..  Hansdel!.  D L.  Provirtenc";. 

maim:. 

192;J.  .  ra'dprieU  Hale.  R 

1919.  .liorl;  .M.  rcrnulrt,  H.    .    .  . 

MAliVI.A.Nl). 

1933   ..lOvsepU  r.  Krance,  H   .    .. 
1921  .  .John  W-  Snntli.  D.  .      .  . 

.MASfSAUHU.SUTl'.S 

1923.  .  Il.!in-.i'  C.  Lodj-'c.  R Naliant. 

1919.  .Joins  W   Weel».s,  R West   Mowton. 


. .  Boise. 
.  .noise. 


?(icld. 
io. 


.Portland. 
.  Wf^it  i'oianil. 

. J-'oii.  Deposit. 
.Snow  Hill. 


(olu!  \V   \Veel»s,  R 

MU.'UIGAN. 

1923.  .Charles  E.  Townsend,  U. 
1919,  .  Williom  A.  .Smith.  R. 

^^l^;NKSOTA. 
1923.  .Frank  B.  Kelloqt;,  R.  .  , 
1919.  .Knute  Nelson,  K 

AIISSiaslHPF. 

1923,  .John  S.  Williams.  U 

1919.  ..fames  K.  V':ir(laraan,  D    Jacksi>M. 

.MISSOUKl. 

1923.  .  James  A.  Reed.  D Kansas  City 

1921.  .Xeuopiion  P.  WilHey,  D St   Louis. 

MONl'ANA. 

1923.  .Heury  L.  Myers.  D Hamilton. 

1919.  .Thomas  .i.  Walsh,  D Helena. 


, .  Juck.son. 

,  .Orand  Itapids 

.St.  Pa.nl. 
, .  Alexandria, 

.Benton. 


Exnlrc. 

1923. 
1919. 

1923. 
1921. 

1921  . 
1910. 

1923. 
1019. 

1923. 
1919. 

1923. 
1921. 


Senatorn. 

NEIIRASKA. 

Ilitclicock,  1>. 
Norrls,  R .  .  . . 


.Gilbert  M 
.  George  \V 

NFA'AOA. 

,  ICey  Pittraan,  O , 

.  Charlfs  B.  Henderson,  D Elko. 


,  .Omaha. 
,  .McCool:. 

.Tonopati. 


Irving  W 


NEW  HAMPsniriE. 

Drew,  R Lancaster. 


Henry  F    Hollis,  D. 

NEW    .iERSEY. 

.  Josei>h  S.  l'relini»huv.sen,  11.  , 
.David  Baird,  R 

"JEW    MEXICO. 

.Andrieus  .V.  Jones,  D 

.Albert  B.  Fall,  R 

NEW    VORK. 

,  Wm.  M.  Calder,  R Brooklyn. 

.  Jas.  W.  Wadsworth,  Jr.,  R. .  .  .Mt,  Morris. 


.Concord, 

.  Raritau. 
.  Camden. 

.E.  Las  Vegas. 
.  Three  Rivers. 


1921 
1019 


NORTH    CAROLINA. 

.  Lee  S.  Overman,  D 

.Fnrnifold  McL.  Simmons,  D. 


. .  .  Pittsbuiffh. 
, .  .Philadelphia. 


Salisbury, 
Newbern. 

NORTH    DAKOrA. 

1923 .  .  Porter  .1.  MoCumber,  R WahpetOQ.' 

1921 . .  Asle  J.  Gi-onna,  R Lakota. 

OHIO. 

1923 .  . .A.tlee  i^oniojene.  D Canton.    ■ 

1921 ,  .Warren  O.  ILnrding,  R Marion. 

OKLAHO.MA. 

1021 .  .Tlioiuas  P.  Gore,  D Lawton. 

1010.  .Rol)ert  L.  Owen,  D ^tuskogee. 

OREGON. 

1921 .  .George  ic.  Cli.imberlain,  D. . .  .Portland. 
1010,  ,  Charles  L,  McNary,  R Salem.  Ore. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1923.  .  Philander  C.  Kuo.\,  R 

X92I .  .  Boies  P(M\rose,  R 

RHODE    TSLA\'D. 

1923. .  Pcicr  G.  (ierry,  D Warwick. 

1910.  .  r.p  Baron  B.  Colt,  R Bristol. 

.SOUTH    CAROLINA 

102 1    .  i:il;.iOii  D.  Smith.  D Floreuca. 

1019   .Christie  Benct,  D Trenton. 

.SOUTH    i>AkOTA. 

1921    .Ed>ytn  S.  Joiiusou,  D Vaukton. 

1010.  .Thomas  Sterling,  H Vermilion. 

TENNHSSEB. 

1923.  .  Keunoth  D.  MoKellar,  D Memphis. 

1919.  .John  K.  Shield.?,  D Knoxville. 

TEXA.S. 

1023   .Charles  .\.  Culberson,  J) Dallas. 

1910.  .Morris  Shcppard,  D Texarkaua. 

Ul'.VH. 

1923.  .  Wni.  H.  Kina,  D Salt  Lake  City 

1021 .  .  fjeed  .Smoot.  R Provo. 

VERMONT. 

1023.  .  Carroll  .s.  Page,  R Hyde  Park. 

1921   .  William  P.  Dillingham,  R Montpelier. 

VIRGINIA. 

1923.  .Claude  .\.  Swanson.  D Chatham, 

1019.  .Thomas  s.  Martin,  D Charlottesville. 

WASHINGTON. 

1923.  .  Miles  Poindexter,  R Spokane. 

1921 .  .  Wesley  L.  Jone.s,  R N.  Yakima. 

WEST   VIRGINIA. 

1923 .  .  Howard  Sutherland,  R Elkins. 

1919. .  Nathan  GoH,  R. . . . , Clartsbiirg. 

WISCONSIN. 

1923.  .  Robert  M.  La  Follette,  R MadUoa. 

1921 .  .  Irvine  L.  Lem'oot,  R Superior. 

WYOMING. 

1923.  .John  B.  Kendrick,  D Sheridan. 

1919.  .Francis  E.  Warren.  R C'hevi?nn'>.    _^ 


The  whole  nuniiicr  of  Scnaiors  is  06.    Democriits,  51:  Republicans,  45. 


194 


The  Sixty-fifth  Congress. 

HOUSE  OF  niOPRESENTATIVES   (SECOND  SESSION.) 


ALABAMA. 


DUt.    Representatives. 


1  Oscar  L.Gray* Dem 

2  S.  Hubert  Dent,  Jr.* Dem. 

3  Henry  B.  Steagali* Dem. 

■  4  Fred.  L.  Blaekmon*. .  .  .Dem. 

5  J.  Thomas  Hei'lin* Dem. 

6  William  B.  Oliver* Dem. 

7  John  L.  Burnett* Dem. 

8  Edward  B.  Almon* Dem. 

9  George  Huddjeston*. . .  .Dem. 
10  \V.  B.  Bankhead Dem. 


Politics.     P.  O.  Addreis. 


Butler. 

.Montgomery. 
.Ozark. 
.Anniston. 
.Lafayette. 
Tuscaloosa. 
.Gadsden.. 
.TuscunilM.o. 
.Birmingham. 
.Jasper. 


ARIZONA. 
At  Large. 
Carl  Hay  den* Dem.  .Phoenix. . 


AIIKANS.'.S. 

1  Thaddeus  H.  Caraway*  .  Dem . 

2  William  A.  Oldfield*..  .  .Dem. 

3  John  N.  Tillman* Dem. 

4  Otis  Wlngo* Dem , 

.5  Henderson  M.  Jacoway*Dem. 

6  Sam.  M.  T.aylor* Dcra. 

7  William  S.  Goodwin*. .  .Dem. 

CALIFORNIA. 

1  Clarence  F.  Lea Dem , 

2  .lohn  E.  Raker* Dem . 

3  Charles  F.  Curry* Rep. . 

4  Julius  Kahn* Rep.. 

5  John  I.  Nolan* Rep.. 

-6  John  A.  Elston* Rep.. 

7  Denver  S.  Church* Dem. 

8  Everis  A.  Hayes* Rep. . 

9  Charles  H.  Randall* Proh. 

10  Henry  Z.  Osborne Rep.. 

1 1  William  Kettner* Dom . 

COLORADO. 

1  Benjamin  C.  Hllliard*.  .Dem, 

2  Charles  B.  Tlmberlake*  Rep.. 

3  Edward  Keatin:;* Dem. 

4  Edward  T.  Taylor* Dem. 

CONNECTICUT. 

1  Augustine  Lonerganl  .  .  .Dem. 

2  Richard  P.  Freeman*. .  .  Rep. . 

3  John  Q.  Tllson* Rep.. 

4  Schuyler  Merritt Rep. . 

a  Jarae.s  P.  Glynn* Rep. . 

DELAWARE. 

At  Large. 
Albert  F.  Polk Dem. 

FLORIDA. 

1  H.  J.  Drane .Dem. , 

2  Frank  Clark* Dem. . 

3  Walter  Kehoe Dem. , 

4  Winiam  J.  Scans* Dem. 

GEORGIA. 

1  J.  W.  Overstreett Dem . 

2  Frank  Park* Dem. 

3  Charles  R.  Crisp* Dem . 

4  W.  C.  Wright Dem. 

5  William  S.  Howard* Dem. 

6  Jamea  W.  Wise* Dem. , 

7  Gordon  Lee* Dem. . 

8  Charles  Hlllyer  Brand.  .Dem. 

9  Thomas  M.  Bell* Dem. , 

10  Carl  Vinson* Dem. , 

11  J.  Randall  Walker* Dem. , 

12  W.  W.  LarscD Dem . 

IDAHO. 

At  Large. 

Addison  T.  Smith* Rep.. , 

Burton  L.  French Rep.. . 

ILLINOIS. 

1  Martin  B.  Madden*. . .  .Rep.. , 

2  James  R.  Mann* Rep.. . 

3  William  W.  Wilson Rep. . . 

4  John  W.  Ralney Dem. , 

5  Adolpb  J.  Sabath* Dem.. 

6  James  McAudrews* .  . .  .Dem. . 

7  Niels  Juul Rep. . . 

8  Thomas  Gallagher* Dem. 

9  Fred.  A  Britten* Rep.. 

10  George  E.  Foss* Rep. . 

11  Ira  C.  Copley* Rep.. 


.Jonesboro. 
.Bafcsville. 
.FayoUeville. 
.De  Queen 
.  Dardanelle. 
.Pine  Blulf. 
.Warren. 

.Santa  Rosa. 
.Alturr.s. 
.Sacramento. 
.San  Fianrisoo. 
.San  Francisco. 
.Berkeley. 
.Fresno. 
.San  Jose. 
.Los  Angeles. 
.Los  Angeles. 
.San  Diego 

.Denver. 
.  Sterling. 
.Pueblo. 
.Glenwood  Springs. 

.  Hartford. 
.New  London. 
.  New  Haven. 
,  Si  amford . 

.Wlusted. 


.Georgetowij. 

Lakeland. 
.Gainesville, 
Pensacola, 
,Kisslmmoe, 

.Sylvania. 

.Sylvester 

,Amerlcu.s. 

.Newnan. 

.Kirk  wood. 

,  Fayette  vilie. 

Chlckamauga. 

.  Athens. 

Gainesville. 

MllledgevUle 

Valdosta, 

DubUD. 


.Twin  Falls. 
.Moscow. 

.Chicago. 
,  Chicago. 
,  Chicago. 
.  Chicago. 
.Chicago. 
,  Chicago. 
Chicago. 
Chicago. 
Chicago. 
Chicago. 
Aurora. 


ILLINOIS — Continued. 
Dl^.     RejiresentaHves.  Politics.     P.  O.  Address 

12  Charles  E.  Fuller* Rep. . . Belvidere, 

13  John  C.  McKenzie*. . .  .Rep..  .Elizabeth. 

14  William  J.  Graham Rep...Aledo. 

15  Edward  J.  King* Kep..  .Galesbure 

16  Clifford  Ireland .  .Rep..  .Peoria. 

17  John  A.  Sterling* Rep..  .Bloomlngi'  m. 

18  Joseph  G.  Cannon* Rep..  .Danville. 

19  William  B.  McKinley*..Rcp..  .Champaign. 

20  Henry  T.  Hainoy* Dem.  .Carrollton. 

21  Lorcn  E.  Wheeler* Rep..  .Springfield. 

22  Williiim  A.  Rodenberg*  .Uep..  .East  St.  Lout?. 


23  Martin  D.  Foster* Dem 

24  Thomas  S.  Williams*.  .  .Rep 

25  Edw;>rd  E.  Denison*.  .  .Rep 

.At  Large. 

M(<UI1  MfCormick Rep..  .Chicago. 

William  E.  Masonr..  .  .  .Rep..  .Chicago. 

INDIANA. 

1  George  K.  Denton Dem 

2  Oscnr  E.  Bland Rep. 

3  William  E.  Cox* Dem 

4  Lincoln  Dixon* Dem 

5  Everett  Sanders Rep. 

G  Richard  N,  Elliott Rep.. . Connersvillo 

7  Menill  Moorea* Rep..  .Indianapoli' 

8  A.  H.  Vestal Rep. . .  Anderson. 

9  Fred  S.  Purnell Rep..  .Attica. 

10  William  R.  Wood* Rep. ..  Lafayette, 

11  Milton  Kraus Rep. 

12  )..  W.  Fairfield Rep. 


.Olney. 
. .  Louisville. 
.  .Marion. 


.Evansvillc. 
.  Linton. 
.Jasper. 
.North  Vernon. 
Terre  Haute. 


.Dem 


.  Peru. 

.Angola. 

.Rochester. 


13  Henry  A.  Barnhart* 

IOWA. 

1  Charles  A.  Kennedy*. .  .Rep.. 

2  Harry  E.  Hull* Rep. . 

3  Burton  E.  Sweet* Rep.. 

4  Gilbert  N.  Haugen*.  ,  .  .Rep.. 

5  Jamea  W.  Good* Rep.. 

6  C.  William  Ramseyer*.  .Rep..  .Bloomfield 

7  Ca.ssius  C.  Dowell* Rep..  .Des  Moines 

Hoiaoe  M.  Towner* ....  Rep. 

William  R.  Green* Rep. 

Frank  P.  Woods* Rep. 

George  C.  Scottt Rep. 

KANSAS. 

Dan'l  R.  Anthony,  Jr.*. Rep. 

K.  C.  Little Rep. 

Philip  P.  Campbell* Rep. . 


8 

9 

10 

11 

1 

2 


.Montrose. 
,  Willlajnsbait. 
.Waverly. 
.North  wood 
.Cedar  Rapids. 


,  .Corning. 
.  .Audubon. 
.  .Estherville, 
,  .Sioux  City. 

,  .I./€aven worth. 
.Kansas  City. 
Pittsburg. 


Dudley  Doolittle* Dem.  .Strong  City. 


Guy  T.  Helvering* Dem 

6  John  R.  Connelly*. Dem 

7  Jouett  Shouse* Dem 

8  William  A.  Ayres* Dem 

KENTUCKY. 

1  Alben  W.  Barkley* Dera 

2  David  H.  Klnchelce*. . .  Dem 

5  R.  Y.  Thom.is,  Jr.* Dem 

4  Ben  Johnson*.  .  .  ; . . . .  .Dem.  .Bardstown. 
.')  Swagar  Sherley* Dem . .  Louisville. 

6  Arthur  B.  Rouse* Dem.  .Burlington, 

7  James  C.  Cantrill* Dem.  .Georgetown. 

8  Harvey  Helm*..  . Dera.  .Stanford. 

9  William  J.  Fields*.' Dem.  .Olive  Hill. 

10  John  W.  Langley*'.  .  .  .  .Rep.. 
i  1  Caleb  Powers*. . .  .• Rep. . 

LOUISIANA. 

1  Albert  Estopinal*  .■ Dem.  .St.  Bernard. 

2  H.  Garland  Dupre*.  .  .  .Dem.  .New  Orleans 

3  Whitmell  P.  Martin Prog.  .Thibodaux. 

4  Joim  T.  Watkins* Dem.  .Minden. 

5  Riley  J.  Wilson* Dem.  .Harrisonburs. 

6  J.  Y.  Sanders Dem . .  Bogalusa. 

7  Ladislas  Lazaro* Dem.  .Washington. 

8  Jaincs  B.  Aswell* Dem . .  Natchitoclies. 


,  .Mary.svlUe. 
.Colby. 
.Kinsley. 
Wichita. 

P.aducah. 

.MadLsonvili!:,. 
.Central  City. 


.Plkevllle. 
.BarbourviUe, 


MAINE. 

1  Loula  B.  Goodall Rep. . 

2  AVallace  H.  White,  Jr. . .  Rep. . 

3  John  A.  Peters* Rep. . 

4  Ira  G.  Hersey Rep. . 

MARYLAND. 

1  JesseD.  Price* Dem . 

2  J.Fred  C.  Talbott* Dem. 

3  Charles  P.  Coady* Dem. 

4  J.  Charles  Llnthlcum*.  .Dem. 
Sydney  E.  Mudd* Rep. 


Sanford. 
Lewiston. 
Ellsworth. 
Houlton, 


.  Salisbury. 
.Lutherviile 
.  Baltimore. 
.Baltimore. 
,  La  Plata. 
6  Fi-ederlck  N.  Zlhlraan..  .Rep..  .Cumberland, 


Wright.  f?a.,  fiv<-cp.<'6pd  w.  C.  Adamijon,  resigned.    Eainey,  J.  W.,  111.,  succeeded  Martin,  dJefl. 


The  Sixty-fifth  Congress— Cdnilnued. 


195 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


fHH.  :.'e,presentaHvefi. 
I  Allen  r.  Treadwa.".- 
'i  f  rederick  H.  Gil!i;U*.  .  .Rep.. 

3  CatiUi  D.  Paige* Rep.. 

4  Samuel  E.  VVinslow*..  .    Rep.. 

5  John  Jacob  Rogers* . .  .   Rep. . 

6  VVilf!-ecl  W.  Lufkin Rep. 

7  Micl'ael  F  Phelaii* Deni. 

8  Frederick  W.  Dalliim'cr*  Rep.. 

9  A.  T.  Fuller Iiid... 

10  Peter  F.  Tague* IJem. 

1 1  Geo.  Holden  TinlUiain. .  Rep. . 

12  James  A.  Gallivan* Dein 

13  William  H.  Carter' Rep. 

U  Ricliard  Olney  2(1 ' Dem. 

IS  William  S.  Greene' Rep.. 

to  Joseph  WalsU* Hep.. 


Pontics.     P.O.  Aiiare'a. 
Rep. . .  Stookbrid?e. 

Springfield. 

Soutlibridg<'. 

Worcesfer. 

Lowell. 

Esse;;. . 

Lynn. 

Carabiiclgo. 

Maiden. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

Boston. 

N^odUaui  Heights 

Dedli.'iin. 

Fall  River. 

Vcw  Hod  lord. 


iMICHKIAN. 

1  Franl;  li.  Doremus-'..    .Dem. 

2  Samuel  W.  Beakps* ....  Dem. 

3  JoVin  M.  C.  Smith'* flep.. 

4  Edivnrd  L.  Hamilton*.    Rep.. 

5  Carl  E.  Ulape.s* Rep. . 

6  Patricl;  H.  Kelley' Rep. 

7  Louis  C.  Cramtoii ' Rep. . 

8  Joseph  W.  Forduey*..     Rep  . 

9  James  C.  McLaiiglilin»  .Rep.. 

10  Gilbert  R.  Currie Rep. . 

11  Frank  D.  Scott* Rep. . 

12  W.  Frank  James* Rep.. 

13  Cliariea  .\.  Nichols* ....  Rep. . 

MINNESOTA. 

1  Sydney  Anderson* Rep. . 

2  Franklin  F.  KUswnrlli*  .Rep.. 

3  Charles  R.  Davis" Rep. . 

4  Carl  C.  Van  Dyke* Dem . 

5  Ernest  Lundeen Rep. . 

6  Harold  Knutson Rep.. 

7  Andrew  J.  Volstead*. . . .  Rep. . 

8  Clarence  B.  Miller* ....  Rep. . 

'  9  Halvor  Steenersnii* Rep.. 

30  Thomas  D.  Scliall* Prog. 


EzeUieJ  S.  Candler*. . 
Hubert  D.  Stephcii-<;* 
Benj.  G.  Humphrey.s* . 
Thomas  U.  Sissoii^ . . .  , 
William  W.  Venable* . 
Byron  P.  Harrison* .  .  . 
Percy  E.  Quin* . 


MISSISSIPPI. 


8  James  W.  Collier ''. '. 


,  Dem. 
Dem. 
.  Dem 
.Dem. 
.Dem. 
.  Dem 
. ]>ein. 
.Dlmu 

.missoiri. 

1  Milton  A.  Romiue Dem . 

2  William  W.  Rucker* l>em. 

3  Joshua  W.  Ale-\an(ler*. .  Dera 

4  Charles  F.  Boolier* Dem. 

5  William  P.  Borland*.. . .  Dem , 

6  Clement  C.  Dickinson*.  Dem. 

7  Courtney  W.  Hamlin*.   Dem. 

8  D.  W.  Shackleford* .  .  .  .Dem. 

9  Champ  Clark* Dem . 

10  Frederick  Essen Rep.. 

11  AVilliam  Jj.  Igoc*...^  .  .  .  Dem 

12  L.  C.  Dyer* Rep.. 

13  Waller  I..  Heusley*  ....  Dem. 

14  Josepb  J.  Russell* Dem. 

15  Perl  D.  Decker* Dem. 

16  Tuoraas  1..  Rubey*..    .  .  Dem. 

MONTA.NA. 

Al  Jjirne. 

John  M.  Evans'' Dem. 

Miss  Jeannclte  Rnukin.Rcp.. 

NEBRASKA. 

1  Charles  F.  Rcavis* Rep. . 

2  Charles  O.  Lobeck*  ....  Dem . 

3  Dan.  V.  Stephens* Dem. 

4  Charles  H.  Sloan* Rep. . 

5  A.  C.  Shalleubercrer*  . .  .  Dem. 
(i  Moses  P.  Kinkaid Rep. . 


Oolroir. 
Aim  Arbor. 
Chariotle. 
Nilcs. 

Cirand  llaplds. 
Laui-lng. 
T,apefr. 
Saginaw. 
Mu.skegou. 
Midlaml. 
,  .Mpeua. 
Hancock. 
Detroit. 

.  l.anesbiiro. 
.  Mankato 
.St.  Peter. 
.St.  Paul. 
.  Minneapolis. 
.St.  Cloud. 
.Granite  Vails. 
Dulutli. 
.c:rooksU)'i. 
.  ICxcclsior. 

CorliUli. 
.Now  .Albany, 
.(■reenvillc. 
.  W'ino.ia. 

Meridian. 
.(iulf|)ort. 

.McComb  City. 
.  VicUsburg. 

.  Macon. 
.  Keytesvilli'. 

Gallatin. 
. Savannah . 
.Kansas  Ciiy. 
.Clinton. 
.Springfield. 
..lefferson  City 
.  Howling  (ireeu. 
..St.  Louis. 
.St.  Louis. 
.St.  Louis. 

Farmiugton. 
.Charleston. 
.Joplin. 
.Lebanon 


.Missoula. 
.Missoula. 

.Falls  City 
.Omaha 

Fremont. 

Genev.i. 
.  Alma. 
.O'Neill. 


NEVAPA. 
Al  Large. 
E.  12.  Roberts'* Rep. . .  Carson  City, 

NEW    HAMPSHIRE. 

1  Sherman  E.  Burroughs.. Rep. .  .Mnuchesto;- 
a  Edward  H.  Wason* Rep..  .Nashua. 


NEW  jer.se?. 
Dial.     Rspresentatlves.  Politics.      P.O   AMrzvi. 

1  William  J   Browning*.  ..Rep. ,  .Camden. 

2  Isaac  Bacharach* Rep. . .  Atlantic  City . 

3  Thomas  J.  Scully- Dem.  .South  Ambo:. . 

4  Elijah  C.  Hutchinson*.  .Rep..  .Trenton. 

5   

6  John  R.  Ramsey Rep..  .Hacken^acl;. 

7  Dow  H.  Drukker* Rep..  .Passaic. 

S  Edward  W.  Gray* Rep..  .Newark. 

9  Richard  W.  I'arker* ....  Rep. . .  Newark. 
,  10  Frederick  R.  Lehlbach*.Rep..  .Newark. 

1 1  Jolm  J.  Eagan* Dem.  .Weehawkeu. 

12  .fames  A.  Hamill* Dem.  .Jersey  City. 

t^eVf   MEXICO. 

At  Large. 
W.  B.  Walton Dem.  .Silver  City. 

NEW    YORK. 

1  Frederick  C.  Hicks'*. .  .    Rep..  .Port  WashingtOQ. 

2  Chas.  Pope  Caldwell*..  .Dem.. Forest  Hills. 

3  .Jo.5eph  V.  Flynn'* Dera.  .Brooklyn. 

4  Harry  H.  Dale* Dem.  .Brooklyn. 

5  James  P.  Maher* Dem.  .Brooklyn. 

(i  Frederick  W.  Rowe*..  .  .Rep..  .Brooklyn. 

7  John  J.  Deianey Dem.  .Brooklyn. 

S  William  E.  C'leary Dem.  .Brooklyn. 

9  Oscar  W.  Swift* Rep..   Brooklyn. 

10  Reuben  L.  Haskell*    . .  .Rep..  .Brooklyn. 

11  Daniel  J.  Riordan* Dem.  .New  York  City. 

12  Meyer  London* Soc.  .   New  A'ork  City 

13  Chris.  D.  Sullivan Dem 

14  F.  H.  La  Guardia Rep. 

1.5  Thomas  F.  Smith Dem 

16  Peter  J.  Dooling'" Dem 

17  John  F.  Carew* Dem 


18  George  B.  Francis. 
10  Walter  M.  Chandler '' 

20  Isaac  Siegel 

21  Jerome  F.  Donovan.  .  . 

22  .\nthony  J.  Griffin.  .  . 

2:{  Daniel  C   Oliver 

24  Benjamin  L.  Fairchild. 


New  York  City 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 

New  York  City. 
Rep.. .  New  York  City. 
Rep..  New  Y'ork  City. 
Rep..  New  York  City. 
Dem.. New  Y'ork  City. 
Dem.  .New  Y'ork  City. 
Dem.. New  Y'ork  City. 
Rep..  .Pelham. . 


2;i   laracs  W.  Htistcd* Rep..  .PeekskiU. 

20  Edmund  Piatt* Rep.. . Poughkeepsle. 

27  Cbarles    B.  Ward* Rop..  ..De  Bruce. 

2.S  RoUin  B.  Sanford Rep..  .Slingerlands. 

29  James  S.  Parker* Rep..  .Salem. 

30  George  R.  Ltmn Dem.  Schenectady. 

31  Bertrand  H.  Sncll". .       Rep..  .Potsdam. 

32  Luther  W.  Mott* Rep..   Oswego. 

33  Homer  P.  Snyder* .    ...  Rep. . .  Little  Falls. 

34  George  W.  Fairchild*..  .Rep..  Oneonta 
3.'>  Waltsr  W.  Magee*..      . Rep. .. Syracuse. 

3fi  Norman  J.  Gould* Rep... Seneca  Falls. 

37  Harry  H.  Pratt* Rep..  .Coming. 

38  Thomas  B.  Duini* Rep,.  .Rochester. 

39  .Vrchie  D.  Sanders Rep..  .Stafford. 

40  S.  Wallace  Dempsey*.    .Rep..  .Lockport. 

41  Charles  B.  Smith* Dem.  .Buffalo. 

42  William  1'.  Waldo Rep..  Buffalo. 

43  Charles  .M.  Hamilton*   .Rep..  .R!T)le^• . 

NORTH  CAROLINA. 

1   John  H.  Small* Dem.  .Washington 

1  Claude  Kiichitt* Dem 

3  George  E.  Hood* Dem 

4  Edward  W.  Pen* Dem 

r>  Charles  M.  Stedman*.    .Dem 
0  Hannibal  L.  Godwin*.     Dem 

7  L.  D.  Robinson Dem 

8  Robert  L.  Doughton- 

9  Edwin  Y.  Webb 


Scotland  Neck. 

Goldshoro. 

Sraithiield. 

Greensboro. 

Dunn. 

U'ade.sboro 
Dem . .  Laurel  Springs. 
Dem.  Shelby. 


10  Zeb  Weaver Dem. . Henderson ville. 

NDHrU    DAKOTA. 

1  "John  M.  Baer [nd..  .  Fargo 

2  George  M.  Young* Rep  .  .Valley  City. 

3  Patrick  D.  Norton'*.  .      Rop.     Hettinger. 

OHIO. 

1  Nicholas  l.ongworth*. .   Rep..   Cincinnali. 

2  Victor  Heintz Rep.   .Cincinnati. 

3  Warren  Gard* Dem    Hamilton. 

4  Benjamin  F.  Wolty Dem.   Lima. 

.5  John  S.  Snookt Dem . .  Paulding 

6  Charles  C.  Kearus* Rep..  .Batavia. 

7  Simeon  D.  Fcss'» .Rep..  .Yellow  Spriuga. 

8  John  A.  Key* Dem.  .Marion. 

9  Isaac  R.  Sherwood*. .  .  .Dem.  .Toledo. 

10  Robert  M.  Switzer*.  .  .  .Rep..  .Gallipoli3 

11  Horatio  C.  Claypoolt .  .Dem..Chillicothe. 

12  Clement  Brumbaugh*.    Dem.  .Columbus 


Deianey  and  Cleary,  Brooklyn,  sticceeded  J.  J.  Fitzgerald  and  D.  J.  Griffin,  resigned. 
QflSati.  N.  Y.  City,  .succeeded  Muvr.ay  Hulbort  and  Henry  Bruckner,  resigned. 


Donovocii  aaij 


.196 


The  Sixty -f if tfi  Congress — Continued. 


OHIO — Continued. 
Dist.     Representatives.  Politics.     P.  O.  Address. 

13  Arthur  W.  Overmyer*.  .Dem.  .Fremont. 

14  ^ 

15  George  Whi'tet.'.'. .'.  . .  .  .beih.  .Marietta. 

16  Roscoe  C.  McCuUocli*.. Rep... Canton. 

17  William  A.  Ashbrooli*.  .Dem.  .Jolinstown. 

18  D.  A.  HcUingsworth*. .  .Rep..  .Cadiz. 

19  John  G.  Ccoper* Rep;.  .YounKstown 

20  William  Gordon* Dom ..  Cleveland. 

21  Robert  Grosser* Dem.  .Cleveland. 

Henry  I.  Emerson* Rep..  .Cleveland. 

,  ,  OKL,\nOM.\. 

T.  A.  Chandler Rep..  .Vlnita. 

William  W.  Hastings*  .  .Dem.  .TaWequah. 

Charles  D.  Carter* Dem . .  Ardraore. 

T.  D.  McKeown Dem.  .Ada. 

Joseph  B.  Thompson*  .  .Dem.  .Pauls  Valley. 

Scott  Ferris* Dem .  .I^awton. 

James  V.  McClintlc*  .  .  .Dem.  .Snyder. 
Dick  T.  Morgan* Rep..  .Woodward. 

ORECON. 

1  Willis  C.  Hawley* Hep. . .  Salem. 

2  Nicholas  J.  Slnnott*..  .  .Rep..  .The  Dalles. 
:i  C.  N.  McArtiiur* Rep..  .Portland. 

PENN.SYI.VANIA. 

William  S.  Vare* Rep..  .Philadelphia. 

George  S.  Graham*.  .  .  .Rep..  .Philadelphia. 
J.  Hampton  Moore*..  .  .Rep..  .Philadelphia. 
George  W.  Edmond.s*..  .Rep.   .Philadelpliia. 

Peter  E.  Coatello* Rep..  .Philadelphia. 

George  P.  Darrow* Rep..  .Philadelphia. 

Thomas  S.  Butler* Rep..  .West  Chester. 

Harry  W.  Watson* Rep..  .Langhorne. 

William  W.  Griest*. . .    .  Rep. . . I^ancaster. 

10  John  R.  Farr* .  .Rep.   . Scrantou. 

11  D.  W.  Templeton Rep..  .Piymoutli. 

12  Robert  D.  Heaton* Rep..  .Ashland. 

13  Arthur  G.  Dewalt* Dem.  .AUentown. 

14  l,oula  T.  McFadden*.  .  .Rep..  .Canton. 

15  Edga,r  R.  Kiess* Rep..  .Williamsport 

16  John  V.  Lesher* Dem.  .Sunbury 

17  Benjamin  K.  Focht*.. .  .P..ep  . .  I.e\visl)iirg 

18  Aaron  S.  Kreider* Rep..  .Aniiville. 

19  John  M.  Rose Rep  . .  Johnsiown 

20  Andrew  W.  BrodbecUt.  .Dem.  .Harmver. 

21  Chas.  H.  Rowland*.  ..  .Rep..  .Phillpsburg. 

22  Edwin  E.  Robbing Rep.. . Grecnsburg. 

23  Bruce  F.  Sterling Dem . . Uniontown. 

24  Henry  W.  Temple* Rep..  .Wa.sUington. 

25  Henry  A.  Clark Rep. .  .  Erie. 

26  Henry  J.  Steele* Dem.  .Easton. 

27  Nathan  L.  Strong Rep..  .Brookville. 

28  E.  H.  Beshlln Dem. .  Warren. 

29  Stephen  G.  Porter* Rep. ..  Pittsburgh. 


22 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 


.10  M.  Clyde  KeUyt Dem. 


31 
32 


.Braddoek. 

.Pittsburgh. 

.Crafton. 


John  M.  Morin* .Rep. 

Guy  E.  Campbell Dem. . 

At  Large. 

Thomas  S.  Crago* Rep..  .Waynesburg. 

Mahlou  M.  Garland*..  .Itep..  .Pittsburgh. 
J<^ph  McLaughlin.  .  .  .Rep..  .Philadelphia. 
John  R.  K.  Scott* Rep..  .Philadelphia. 

RHODE  ISL\ND. 

Geo.  F.  O'Shaunessy*..  .Dem.  .Providence. 

Walter  R.  Stlnass* Rep.. . Cowesett. 

Ambrose  Kennedy* ....  Rep. . .  Woonsocket. 

SOUTH    CAROLINA. 

Richard  S.  Whalcy* Dem.  .Charleston. 

James  F.  Byrnes* Dem.  .Aiken. 

Fred,  H.  Domlnick Dem. .  Newberry. 

Sam:  J.  Nicholls* Dem.  .Spartanburg. 

William  F.  Stevenson. .  Dem . .  Cheraw. 
J.  Willard  Ragsdale*.  .  .Dem.  .Florence. 
Asbury  F.  Lever* Dem.  .Lexington. 

SOUTH     DAKOTA. 

Charles  H.  Dillon* Rep..  .Yankton. 

Royal  C.  Jolmson* Rep..  .Aberdeen. 

Harry  L.  Gandy* Dem.  .Rapid  City. 

TENNESSEE 

Sam.  R.  Sells* Rep. ..  Johnson  City. 

Richard  W.  Austin*. . .  .Rep..  .Knoxville. 

John  A.  Moon* Dem.  .Chattanooga. 

Cordell  Hull* Dem ..  Carthage. 

William  C.  Houston* .  .  .Dem.  .Woodbury, 

Joseph  W.  Byrns* Dem.  .Naahville. 

L-emuel  P.  Padgett* Dem.  .Columbia. 


TENNESSEE — Conttnucd. 
DIst.     Representatives.  Politics.      P.  O.  Addrest 

8  Thetus  W.  Sims* Dem.  .Linden. 

9  Finis  J.  Garrett* Dem . . Dresden. 

10  Hubert  Fisher .Dem.  .Memphis. 

TEXAS. 

1  Eugene  Black* Dem.  .Clarksville. 

2  Martin  Diea* .Dem. .Beaumont. 

3  James  Young* Dem.  .Kaufman. 

•1  Sam.  Rayburn* Dem . .  Bonham. 

.^  Hatton  W.  Sumuers*. .  .Dem.  .Dallas. 

6  Ruf us  Hardy* Dem . .  Corsicana. 

7  Alexander  W.  Gregg*. .  .Dbm.  .Palestine. 

8  Joe  H.  Eagle* .Dem.  .Houston. 

9  J.  J.  Mansfield Dem.  .Columbus. 

10  James  P.  Buchanan*.. .  .Dem.  .Brenhara. 
U  Tom  Connally ,  ,Dem.  .Marlin. 

12  James  C.  Wilson .Dem.  .Fort  Worili. 

13  Marvin  Jones Dem.  .Amarillo. 

14  James  L.  Slayden* .  .  .  .  .Dem.. San  Antonio. 

15  John  N.  Garner* Dem.  .Uvalde. 

16  Thomas  L.  Blanton  .  .  .  .Dem.  .Abilene. 

At  Large. 

Jeff.  McLemore* Dem.  .Houston. 

Daniel  E.  Garrettf Dem.  .Houston. 

UTAH. 

1  M.  H.  Welling Dem . .  Fielding. 

2  James  H,  Mays* Dem.  .Salt  Lake  (;ity. 

VERMONT. 

1  Frank  L.  Greene* Rep. . .  St.  Albans. 

2  Porter  H.  Dale* Rep.. . Island  Povii!. 


VIRGINIA. 

1  Schuyler  O.  Bland Dem. 

2  Edward  E.  Holland* Dem. 

3  Andrew  J   Montague* . .  Dem . 

4  Walter  A.  Watson* iD6m. 

5  Edward  W.  Saunders*. . .  Dem . 
G  Carter  Glass* '.Dem. 

7  T.  W.  Harrison Dem. 

8  Charles  C.  Carlln* Dem. 

9  C.  Bascom  Slemp* Rep.. 

10  Henry  D.  Flood* Dem. 

V/.VSHINGTON. 

Jolm  F.  Miller Rep.. 

Lindley  H.  Hadiej"* ....  Rep. . 

Albert  Johnson* Rep.. 

William  L.  La  Follette*  Rep.. 


.Newport  News. 

.Suffolk. 

.  Richmond 

.Jennings  Ordinary 

.Rocky  Mount. 

.Lynchburg, 

.Winchester. 

.  Alexandria. 

.Big  Stone  viap. 

.Appomattox. 

Seattle. 
Bellingharn. 
HoquiaOi. 
Pullman. 


1 
2 
3 
4 

5  C.  C.  Dill* Dem.  .Spokane. 

WEST    VIRGINIA. 

1  M.  M.  Neely* Dem,  .Fairmont 

2  George  M.  Bowers*.. ;.. Rep.,  .Martiusbuif 

3  Stuart  F.  Reed : .  .Rep..  . Clarksbur;,' 

4  Harry  C.  Woodyardt.  .'.Rep..  .Spencer. 

5  Edward  Cooper*,  .v. . .  .Rep..  .Brarawel! 

0  Adam  B.  Llttlepage*  ...  Dem.  .Charleston. 

WISCONSIN. 

Henry  A.  Cooper*;. . . .  .Rep..  .Racine. 

E ward  Voight Rep. . .  Sheboygan . 

John  M.  Nelson* Rep..  .MadJson. 

William  J.  Gary*.. ....  .Rep..  .MHwauker. 

William  H.  Stafford*. .  .Rep...Mllwaukft;-. 

J.  H.  Davidsont Rep..  .Oshkosh. 

John  J.  Esch* Rep. . .  La  Cross' . 

Edward  E.  Browne*. . .  .Rep..  .Waupaci. 

David  G.  Classon Rep..  .Oconto. 

James  A,  Frear* .' .... . .'.  .Rep. . . Hudson. 


WTOMING. 

Ai  Large. 
Fi'ank  W.  Moudell*. . .  .Rep..  .Newcastle. 

ALASKA. 

Delegate. 
Charles  A.  Sulzer Dem.  .Sulzcr. 

H.AWAIl. 

Delegate. 
3.  Kuhio  Kalauiana<3le*. . .  .Rep..  .Waiklkl. 

PHILIPPINES. 

Resident  Commissioners. 
Jaime  C.  De  Veyra. .  Nationalist .  Leyte,  P.  i. 
Tedoro  R.  Yangko. .  Ind Zambales.  P.I. 

PORTO    RICO. 

Resident  Commissioner. 
Felix  Cordova  Devlla Dem . .  San  Juan . 


Democrat:!,  214;  Republicans,  208;  Progressives,  2;  Independents,  2;  Prohibition,  1-,  Soclatot,  1, 
•Served  in  Sixty-fourth  Cong:i-ess.    fServed  Id  a  previous  Conga'es.s.    ^Representative  Ellsworth  R,  Ba.tltrlcSr! 
Democrat,  died  December  24    1917. 


The  Ciiy  AH  Museum  of  St.  Louis.. 


197 


DEMOCRATIC    NATIONAL    GOMMJTTEE, 


OmC;  -.'run. .  .'.Vance  C.  McCormlck.'.Peiiusylvania. 
Secretary 


Treasurer .  .  . 
Headquarters. 


V>~.  vr.  Miirsh. 
Washington. . . 


.  Iowa. 

.13.  C. 


Alabama ,  . . . . 

.Ed.  D.  Smith 

.  Birmingham. 

New  Jersey . . . 

.Rob't  S  Hudspeth.. 

.Jersey  City, 

Arizona 

.  Fred  T.  Colter 

.Wallace  Davis 

.  Colter. 

T.it.t.lp  Rnr-k 

New  Mexico.  . 

.A.  A.  Jones 

Arkansas 

.Norman  E.  Mack... 
i.A.  W.  McLean 

.Buffalo. 
.  Lumbertoii. 

California .  .  , . 

.  Isidore  B.  Dockweiler.Los  Angeles. 

North  Caroilu; 

Colorado 

.John  T.  Barnett. . .  . 

.  Denver. 

North  Dakota 

.H.  H.  Perry 

.Ellendale. 

Connecticut... 

.  Homer  S.  Cummings 

.  Stamford. 

Ohio 

.E.  H.  Moore 

.  Yoiiugstowa 

Delaware 

.WiUard  Saulsbury.  . 
,J.  T.  G.  Crawford.  . 

.Wilmington. 
.  Jacksonville. 

Oklahoma . . .  . 
Oregon 

.Thos.  Wade 

TVLirlnw 

Florida 

.H.  M.  Esterly 

.Portland. 

Georgia 

.  Clark  Howell. . . 

.Atlanta. 

Pennsylvania. . 

.A.  Mitchell  Palmer. 

.  Stroudsburg. 

Idaho? 

.R.  H.  Elder 

.  Coeur  (i'Alene. 

Rhode  Island . 

.Patrick  H.  Quiuu..  . 

.  Providence. 

Illinois 

.  Chaa.  Boeschenstein 

.E.  G.  Hoffman 

,W.  W.  Marsh 

.Samuel  B.  Amid  on.. 
.Wm.  B.  Haldeman.. 
.Robert  Ewlng . 

.Edwardsville. 
.  Fort  W.ayne. 
.Waterloo. 
.  Wichita. 
.  Loui.sville. 
.  New  Orleans. 

South  Carolina 
South  Dakota. 
Tennessee .... 
Texas 

Indiana 

.  James  Mee 

.Centerville. 

Iowa 

.CordellHuU 

.  Wm.  Poindexter. . . . 

.  Carthage. 
.  Cleburne, 

KansftH    

Keptucky . , . , 
Louisiana. . . . . 

Utah 

Vermont 

.  Jas.  E.  Kennedy. . . . 

.  Williston. 

Maine. . .    . . . . 

.D.  J.  McGiUlcuddy. 

.  Lewiston. 

Virginia 

.Carter  Glass 

.Lynchburg. 

Maryland . , . . 

.J.  Fred  C.  Talbott.. 

.  Liitlierville. 

Washington.. . 

Hugh  C.  Wallace..  . 

.Tacoma. 

Massachusetts 

.John  W.  Coughlin. . 

.  Fall  River. 

West  Virginia. 

.  Clarence  W.  WatsoB 

.  Fairmont. 

Michigan 

.W.  F.  Connolly. . .  . 

.  Detroit. 

Wisconsin. . . . 

.Jos.  Martin 

.Green  Bay. 

Blinnesota. .. . 

.Frederick  B.  Lynch. 

.St.  Paul. 

Wyoming 

.  John  E.  Osborne .  .  . 

.  Rawlins. 

Mlssissiiipi... , 

.  J.  M.  McBeath 

.Meridian. 

Alaska 

.T.  J.  Donohue 

.Valdez. 

Ml880Ul-i 

.E.  F.  Goltra 

.St.  Louis. 

Dist  Columbia 

.  John  F.  Costello 

.W.ish'ton,  D.C. 

Montana   . . . . 

.J.  Bruce  Kremer.  .  . 

.  Butte. 

Hawaii 

.John  H.  Wilsou 

.  Honolulu. 

Nebrasliii 

.A.  F.  Mullen 

.Omaha. 

Philippines 

.Robert  E.  Manly.. . 

.  N.tga,     Cama- 

Nevada    

.Jas.  L.  McCarthy.. . 

.Goldfield. 

rnies. 

N.  Hampsliire. 

.B.  C.  Murchie 

.Concord. 

Porto  Rico. . .  . 

.  Andres  B.  Crosas. . . 

.r-i:ui  Juan. 

DEMOCRATIC   STATE   CHAIRMEN. 


AlabamKi . . . 

.^.Bibb  Graves 

.Montgomery. 

Nebraska 

.  L.  r.  Langliorst .... 

.Elmwood. 

Arizona .... 

. . .  Geo.  J.  Stoneman. . . 

.  Phoenix. 

Nevada 

.S.  M.  Pickett 

.  Reno. 

Arkansas . . . 

...J.  W.  House,  Jr. .  .  . 

.Little  Rock. 

N.  Hampsliire. 

.Ceo.  E,  Farrand. .  .  . 

.  Penacook. 

Callloruia . . 

. .  .0.  K.  Gushing 

.San  Francisco. 

New  Jersey . . . 

.  Edw'd  D.  Grosscup. 

.Wenoaah. 

Colorado . . . 

, . ,  Raymond  MUler. . .  . 

.  Denver. 

New  Mexico. . 

.  Arthur  Sellgman. . .  . 
.Jos.  A.  Kellogg 

.Santa  Fe. 

Connecticut 

. . .  David  E.  Fitzgerald. 

.  New  Haven. 

New  York 

.  New  York. 

Delaware... 

. ,  .Harry  T.  Graham .  . 

.Wilmington. 

North  Carollna.Thomas  D.  Warren. 

.  Newbern. 

Florida 

. .  .George  P.  Raney,  Jr 

.  Tampa. 
.  Griffin. 

North  Dakota. 
Ohio 

.W.  E.  Byerly 

.W.  L.  Finley 

Velva 

Georgia. ... 

...Judge  J.  J.  Flynt.. . 

.  Columbus. 

Idaho 

...W.  R.  Hamilton..  .  . 

.  Welser. 

Oklahoma 

.Alger  Melton 

.  Chickasba. 

Illinois .    ... 

, . ,  A.  W.  Charles, .... 

.  Carmi. 

.  Indianapolis. 

Oregon 

Samupl  White 

Indiana   ... 

. .  ,Ghas.  A.  Greatliouse 

Pennsylvania.. 

.J.  F.  Guffy.  Act.  Cm 

.Pittsburgh. 

lowa<. 

. .  .Dr.  J.  W.  Reynolds. 

.  Cr^ton. 

Rhode  Island . 

.  Francis  E.  Sullivan . 

,  Providence. 

Kansas 

...Hubert  Lardner 

.  Fort  Scott. 

South  Carolina 

.  John  G.  Evans 

Spartanburg. 

Kentucky... 

. . .  Charles  A.  Hardin . . 

.  Harrodsburg. 

South  Dakota. 

.J.  Jurgenson 

,  Chamberlain. 

Louisiana. , . 

...L.  E.  Thomas 

. .  .Thomas  V.  Doherty 

.  Shreveport. 
.  Houlton. 

Tennessee.  . . . 
Texas 

.L   D   Hill 

Sparta 

Maine 

.J.  F.  Shurtluff 

.  Hillsboro. 

Maryland... 

...Dr.  J.  H.  Wade 

.  Boonsboro. 

Utah 

.Mathonihah  Thomas. Salt  Lake  City 

Massachusetts  .Michael  A.  O'Leary. 

Boston. 

Vermont 

.Park  H.  Pollard 

.Proctorsville, 

Michigan . . . 

, . .  A.  E.  Stevenson. . . . 

.Port  Huron. 

Virginia 

.Rover  A.  James.  .  .  . 

.Danville. 

Minnesota . . 

. .  .Fred.  E.  Wheaton . . 

.Minneapolis. 

Washington. .  . 

.John  B.  Fogarty.. .  . 

.Everett, 

Mlssi^ippi. . 

...S.  W.  MulUns 

.  Holly  Springs. 

AVest  Virginia. 

.C.  L.  Shaver 

.Fairmont.      ■• . 

Missoiu-i 

. .  i  Judge  Jas.  Cowgill. . 

.Kansas  City. 

Wisconsin .... 

.0.  A.  LaBudde 

.Elkhart  Lake.- 

Montana . . . 

.  ..H^igh  R.  Wells 

.Miles  C'itv. 

Wyoming 

S.  G.  Hopkins 

.  Cheyenne. 

PROHIBITION     NATIONAL 

Cli'iirman — V.  G,  Ilinshaw,  Chicago,  111. 


EXECUTIVE     COMMITTEE~1916-1920. 

Vice-chairmen — W.  G.  Caldcrwood,  Minneapolis,  Mlhhv, 


Mrs.  F.'iinces  E.  Beauchamp,  Lexington.  Ky.  Treasurer — H.  P.  Faris,  Clinton,  Mo.  Robert  H.  Pattoa; 
Springfioid.  111.;  F.  C.  Hendrickson,  Cumberland, 'Md.;  E.  L.  G.  Hohenthai,  S.  Manchester,  Conn,;  Daniej 
A.  Poli'!?,  Boston,  Mass.;  Francis  E.  Baldwin,  Elniira,  N.  Y. 


•    -■  SOCIALIST     LABOR     PARTY. 

National  Secretary — Arnold  Petersen,  45  Rose  Street,  New  York  City.  National  Execiili'e  Commiltee^^ 
Sidney  Armer,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  J.  P.  Johnson,  New  Haven,  Ct.;  John  M.  Francis,  Du  Quoin,  111.;  Ernest 
Viewegh.  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  John  Sweeny,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.;  Samuel  Johnson,  St.  Paul.  Minn.;  Karl 
Oberheu.  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  J.  C.  Butterworth,  Paterson,  N.  J.;  P.  E.  De  Lee,  Troy,  N.  Y.;  Max  Eisenberg. 
Cleveland,  Ohio;  G.  G,  Anton.  Sr.,  Philadelphia.  Pa.;  Donald  L.  Munro,  Portsmouth,  Va.;  John  C.  Schater, 
Seattle.  Wash.;  A.  Nasteff,  Baltimore,  JSId.;  John  Stukis,  New  York  City;  S.  Kontrln,  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
Ingvar,  Paulsen,  Dorchester,  Mass. 


THE    CITY    ART    MUSEUM    OF    ST.    LOUIS. 

The  City  Art  Museum  of  St.  Louis  was  established  in  1879,  and  became  a  municipal  institiuion  in  I'JOT. 
The  biiiidlng  is  In  Forest  Park,  160x350  feet.rsvlth  44  galleries  on  three  floors.  The  collections  include 
paintings,  prints,  sculpture,  textiles,  ceramics,  metal  work,  furniture  and  other  objects.  The  modern  paint- 
ings are  comprehensive,  by  artists  of  America,  France,  Holland,  Spain,  England,  Russia,  Sweden,  Belgiiuu 
and  oth<^r  coimtries.  There  is  a  small  group  of  Old  Masters.  In  the  print  department  are  etchings,  engrav- 
ings and  woodcuts  by  old  and  modern  masters.  The  sculptures  are  chiefly  examples  by  American  artists, 
supplemented  hy  collections  of  casts  from  tiie  antique  and  from  masterpieces  of  the  Renaissance.  Among 
the  Chluese  ceramics  are  specimens  from  the  Hnn  Dynasty  downward,  and  examples  of  the  Sung,  Ming, 
fthd  K'aug-Hsl  periods.  There  are  also  groups  of  Chinese  oronzes,  jades  and  other  carved  stones,  lacquer, 
ulase,  textiles,' &c.,  as  well  as  objects  illustrative  of  the  Jjcorutive  arts  of  ancient  Greece  .ind  Egypt,  and  of 
Japan,  Korea  and  Persia.  The  number  of  \  isltoi?  \a  a  y^'i?  .s  225.000  Tlve  museum  is  open  daily,  except 
Christa-.;',?  and  New  Year's  days,  10  A.  M.  to  J  P.  M.     .\'.lii\i?sio;i  free. 


198 


Socialist  Party  National  Executive  Committee^ 


REPUB&.IGANI 

liH';:::::g«.H;;;::S =-. 

AT  zona  . ....  -Allen  B.^^f ^ .  .  .      i  ^^^^ 

rlworofa  •  •  •  •w.^-H.^Cr^cker: .' :  .San  Francisco 

glS'^: . : :  :Hu.en  ^vo^. ...   -1-9^^0 

gX;ra?e"*::  .iotemlnWont.: !  i .  Wilnjington. 

TTinrida     George  W.  Bean Tampa. 

E'i*iiSf„- Henry  S.  Jackson. . .  .Atlanta. 

Georgia e^    jl^   „  ^     M  enan. 

I»; ^vm  H.Tliomp.son.  .Chicago 

Illinois ",',"«    ti„,„aT>i<Tav    .BoonvlUe. 


NATfiONAL    COMMSTTEE. 

•^Nevada. H.  G.  Hmnphroys 

N.  Hampshire.  .Fred  w 


'  E3tat)rook 


.Keno. 

.Nashua. 


Indiana. 

Iowa 

Kansas .... 
Kentucky . . 
Louisiana . . 

Maine 

Maryland 


H.  Thomp.son. 

ijas.  A.  Hemenway.. 
.  .John  T.  Adams 
.  .Fred  Stanley... 

.A.  T.  Hert 


.  .Dubuque. 
. .  Wichita. 
.  .Louisville. 


.Allied  J.  Sweet 

Wm.  P.  Jackson 

MMs''chusetts..W.  ^ju/"'y^^,t"ti 
Michisan  ....  Charles  B.  Wairen. 
^lSSa;:..FrankB   Kenogg.. 

Montana '^''^rtlow-^l 

]\>lHV<sha R-  B.  Howell 


.  Auburn. 
.S.iiisbury. 
.  Palton. 
Detroit. 
.St.  Paul. 
.Virl'.slnirg. 
.St.  Loui.s. 
.  Helena. 
.Oniahft. 


2-  ii  ,    iJ     ■     TC4iiia  n  nook  .  .Sioux  Falls. 

leSiSsel: : : :  :S'm:  u&on: :  -c^^^-^os^- 

nvy?r  H.  F.  MacGregor. . .  .Houston, 

Utah     ■  ■  ■ : :     Keed  Smoot Provo 

Vennont . . ....  Earlc  S.  Kinsley .....  Rutland . 

Wisconsin Alfred  TRogm., 

Wyoming Patrick  Sullivan 

Alaska 


Dlst.  of  Col. 

Hawaii 

Philippinea. . 
Porto  Hi  CO. . 

Headquarters 


Madison. 
.  Casper 
.Co'n;eiiu"sS.  Murane..Jun»iVi. 
Edward  F.  Colladay. .  Wash  I ^n.  »•  *-- 

R  W.  Breckens Honolulu. 

■  Henry  B.  McCoy ....  Mam  lit . 

.K.  H.  Toda .San  Juan. 

.New   York  and  Chicago. 


REPySf-ECAN    STATE    COMSfilTTEES. 


States. 


I 


Chairmen. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

IlliuQis 

Indiana -■ 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.  . 

Michi!?an 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missoiu'i 

Montana.  ...... 

Ncibr?.skii  .,....■ 

Nevi't^a.  .  .  ..... 

.M(>w  Hamp.-.)nve. 

Kev;  Jersey 

New.  Mexico .  .  . 

Kew  York 

Norlii  Carolina. 
North  Dakot;' .  ■ 

Ohio 

Oklaliom:i 

Oregon 

Penn-sylvama .  . 
Rhode  Island .  . 
South  t'aroiina. 
South  Dakota. . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia. 
Wisconsin 


Pope  M.  Long 

Albert  M.  Sames.  ..  .  .  . 

\.  C.  Kemniel.  ...... 

Raymond  Bi>ujauun.  . 

Rush  L.  Holland. 

J.  Henry  Roraback  .  .  . 
Daniel  J.  Layton,  Jr. . 

Daniel  T.  Gerow 

Roscoe  Pickett 

John  Thomas 

Frank  L.  Smith ....  •  • 
Edmund  M.  WasnnUli 

Chas.  A .  Rawson 

H.  H.  Motter 

E  T.  Franks 

Clarence  S.  Heberi .  . 

Frank  J.  Ham 

Galen  L.  Tail 

George  A.  Bacon 

.John  D.  Mangam.     . 
Gustav  Lindquist 


I      Post-OIfices. 

.  icordova 

Douulas 

Little  Rock 

San  Kranci'.ico. . . 
C^olorado  Springs 

Caiiiian 

Georgetown 

Jacksonville.  .  .  . 

Jasner 

Gooding 

Dwight 

Huntington 

Des  Moines 

MePlierson 

Owensboro 

New  Orleans. . .  . 

Augusta 

Baltimore 

Springfield 

?>Iarquctte 

■St.  Paul 


Secretaries. 


Chas.  B.  Kennamer. . 
George'L."  Mailory. . . 

.\ndrew  G."  isf ystrom . 
.i."c.' Styles '.'.*.*.'. 


Post-Oifices. 


W.  L.  Cole ■ 

O.  M.  Harvey 

E.  D.  Beach 

H.  J.  Humphrey 

Dwight  Hall . 

Newton  A.  Bugbee .  .  .  . 

George  R.  Craig 

George  A.  Glynn 

Frank  A.  Linney 

Wm.  Lemke 

N   H   Fairbanks 

Vernon  V.'hlting.  .^ 

Thomas  Tongue,  oX . . . 

William  E.  Crow 

Joseph  P.  Biirlmgame. 

Jos.  W.  Tolbert 

W.  H.  King 

H.  H.  Clements 

PhilE.  Baer.  . 

W   D.  Candland 

J.  Rolf  Searle.s 

C.  B.  Slemp 

S.  A.  Walker 

|W.  E.  Baker 

Geo  A.  West. 


Union 

Livingston 

Lincoiu 

Reno 

Dover 

Trenton 

Albuquerque  . 
New  York  City 

Boone 

Farp;o 

Springfield .... 
Fawhuska .... 
Hiilsboro 


L.  J.  Dickinson 

Alvi's"  S'.  Bennett 

A.  C.  Carpenter 

Frederick  R.  Dyer. . . . 
A.  W.  W.  'Woodcock. . 

Benjamin  F.  Felt 

D.  E.  Alward 


H.  C.  Beebe. 


joiiiil.  B.  KelUey 

Lafayette  B.Gieasou . 

Gilliam  Grissom 

Ray  McKais 


Minneapolis. 
Little  R<u;k.' ' 

HarVforii 

Dawson. 


Des  MoiniiS. 

Louisville. 
New  Orleans. 
Bucksfield.  , 
Salisbury. 
Boston. 
Claire. 


. .  Osceoia. 


PhUllpsh'..rg. 

New  Ybiri;  city. 
Greensboro . 
Fort  RiCv . 


Han-isburi;. 


Uni-ontox^^.  ..... I^Xni^'wrtght:  !  i :  '.IPi-o^rdeiV.e. 

Providence lS^\5*^A^w  ^      . . . .  .Columbia. 


^5^sSiiv,ii:;::iT;^^ 

SOCIALIST 


Greeuwootl . 

Mitchell 

KnoxviUe 

Paris 

Salt  Lake  City . 
St.  Johnsburg  . 
Big  Stone  Gap . 

Seattle 

Elkin.? 

Milwauiceo.  ... 
Cheji  i-nne 


H.  H.  Mobley. 


Geo.  M.  Pridgen. 


Geo.  L.  Hart. . . 


C.  W.  Fr.aser.. . 


Grapelan.i 


Roanoke 


Menomouee  J'alls . 


COMMITTEE. 


«,.,^.kjc4Ss^^^1^S^^^^^^^^''^ 


'secretary',  S&i  W.  Mr.di'ron  St.,  CiiicJit'o. 


Mottoes  of  the  States  of  the  Union. 


199 


THE    UNITED    STATES    CENSUS. 

THi,  Constitutiou  requires  a  census  of  the  United  States  decenniallj'.  The  first  was  iu  179t)  under 
the  aupervision  of  the  President;  subsequent  censuses,  to  and  including  that  of  1840,  were  under  the  Secretary 
iti  State.  In  1849  the  census  work  was  transferred  to  the  newly  organized  Department  of  the  Interior, 
where  it  remained  until  the  passage,  In  1903,  of  the  act  creating  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor, 
by  which  the  Census  Bureau  was  transferred  to  the  new  department.  Meanwhile  Congress,  March  C, 
1902,  had  made  the  Census  Office  a  permanent  bureau.  Since  IMarch  4,  1913,  when  the  Department  of 
Commerce  and  the  Department  of  Labor  were  separately  organized,  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  has  been 
attached  to  the  former.  The  work  is  divided  into  two  branches,  the  decennial  census  and  special  statistical 
inquiries,  the  latter  mostly  made  between  the  decennial  censuses.  The  thirteenth  decennial  census  was 
taken  as  of  date  April  is,  1910.  It  covered:  (1)  population,  (2)  agriculture,  (3)  manufactures,  and  (4) 
mines,  quarries,  and  oil  and  gas  wells.  The  cost  of  the  census  of  1910  was  about  814,290,000,  iu  addition 
to  which  81,675,000  was  spent  in  carrying  on  the  annual  investigations  of  the  permanent  bureau  during 
the  census  period.  Ot  this  amount  S7, 200,000  represents  the  cost  of  collecting  the  data  through  over 
70,000  paid  enumerators,  besides  supervisors,  clerks,  and  special  agents. 

The  permanent  work  of  the  bureau  is  provided  for  by  the  act  ot  Congress  approved  March  6,  1902, 
and  amendments,  and  includes  gathering  and  publishing  facts  about  the  defective  and  delinquent  classes, 
vital  statistics,  social  and  financial  activities  of  cities,  States,  and  religious  bodies;  imports  and  exports; 
figures  on  public  utilities,  crops;  and  a  census  on  manufactures  halfway  between  the  ten-year  censuses. 
The  Director  of  the  Census  is  appointed  by  the  President  and  receives  S6,000  per  annum.  The  director 
is  Samuel  L.  Rogers  of  North  Carolina.  The  permanent  office  organization  includes  a  chief  clerl;,  Thomas 
J.  Fitzgerald;  five  chief  istatisticians — for  Population,  William  C.  Hunt;  for  Manufactures,  Eugene  F. 
Hartley;  tor  Statistics  of  States  and  Cities,  Staike  M.  Grogan;  for  Agriculture,  Cotton  and  Tobacco,  William 
L.  Austin,  and  for  Vita)  Statistics.  William  K.  Davis;  a  geographer,  Charles  S.  Sloaue,  .ind  nine  chiefs  of 
division.  The  number  of  employes  in  the  bureau  at  Washington  is  050:  in  addition  there  are  7:)0  special 
iigents  employed  intermittently  in  the  South  for  cottor.  statistics. 


MOTTOES    OF    THE    STATES    OF    THE    UNION. 


^  i '.  rE. 

When  Adopted. 

Motto. 

LTnited  States. . . 

20 
29 

June, 
Dec. 

1782 
1868 

E  Pluribus  Unum   (Many  in  One.) 

Here  We  Rest.                                                                           •                    •  • 

^l&iSkH.    . 

None. 

3 

1863 
May, 

1864 

Ditat  Deus  (God  Enriches.) 

Arkansas 

Regnant  Populi  (The  People  Rule.) 
Eureka  (I  Have  Found  It.) 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

1861 

Oct., 

1842 

NU  Sine  Numlne  (Nothing  AVithoul  God.) 

Sustinet  qiU  Traustulit  (He  Wiio  Transi)lanted  Still  Sustain.^.) 

Liberty  and  Independence. 

O,  of  Columbia. . 

::     ::::;;:;; 

Justitia  Omnibus  (Justice  to  All.) 

5 

5 

26 

1846 
Dec, 
March, 
Aug., 

1799 
1866 
1818 

In  God  We  Trust. 

Wisdom,  Justice,  Moderation. 

Idalio 

Salve  (Welcome,  or  Hail.) 

State  Sovereignty — National  Union. 

None. 

25 
29 
20 

Feb., 
Jan., 
Dec, 

1847 
1861 
1792 

Our  Liberties  We  Prize,  and  Our  Rights  We  Maintain. 

Ad  Astra  per  Aspera  (To  the  Stars  Througli  Difficallies.) 

Kentucky 

United  We  Stand,  Divided  We  Fall. 
Union,  Justice,  and  Confidence. 

Maine 

Maryland 

?Unasachusetts... 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

AlississiDPi 

9 
12 

13 

Jan., 
Aug., 

Dec, 
1835 
1858 

1820 
1648 

1780 

'1822 

18C4 
1867 
1866 
1785 
1776 
1850 

Dirigo  (I  direct.) 

Fattl   Maschl   Parole   Femine    (Manly    Deeds   and    Womanly    Word.-':) 
Scuto  Bonae  Voluntatis  Tuae  Coronasti  nos  (With  the  Shield  of  Thy 
Good-Will  Thou  Hast  Covered  Us.) 

Ense  Petit  Placidam  sub  Libertate  Quietem  (With  the  Sword  She  .^eeki 
Quiet  Peace  Under  Liberty.) 

Si  Quaeris  Peninsulara  Amoenam  Circumspice  (If  Tlioii  Seekest  a  Beau- 
tiful Peninsula,   Beliold,   It  Here.)                                                         ; 

Etoile  du  Nord  (The  Star  ot  the  North.) 

None. 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada      

11 

24 

1 

24 

11 

3 

9 

Jan., 

May, 

March, 

Feb., 

Feb., 

Oct., 

Sept., 
1809 
1893 

Salus  Populi  Supreme  Lex  Esto  (The  Welfare  of  the  Pcoiile  is  the  SuiireitU' 
Law.)                                                                                                              ! 
Oro  y  Plata  (Gold  and  Silver.) 
Equality  Before  the  Law. 
All  for  Our  Country. 

New  Hampshire . 

New  Jersej- 

New  Mexico..  .. 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 
North  Dakota. . . 

None. 

Liberty  and  Prosperity. 

Crescit  Eundo  (It  Increases  by  Going.) 

Excelsior  (Higher,  Moi-e  Elevated.) 

Esse  Quam  Videri  (To  Be  Rather  Than  to  Seem.) 

Liberty  and  Union,  One  and  Inseparable  Now  and  Forp\er 

Ohio 

6 
2 

AprU, 
1857 

March, 
1864 

1866 
1809 

Imperium  in  Imperio  (A  Government  WitMn  a  Government  > 

Oregon 

The  Union. 

Pennsylvania... . 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina. . 

Virtue,  Liberty,  and  independence. 

Hope. 

Dum  Sph-o,  Spero  (While  I  Breathe  I  Hope.) 

South  Dakota . , . 

Under  God  the  People  Rule. 

Tennes.see 

Texas*           

1797 

Agriculture,  Commerce. 
None. 

Ctah 

Vermont 

Virginia      

Sept.',' 
Oct.,    . 
1853 
26  Sept., 

'isco 

1779 
1863 

None. 

Freedom  and  Unity. 

Sic  Semper  Tyrannis  (Thus  Always  to  Tyrants  ) 

Washington 

West  Virginia ,  .  . 
Wisconsin 

Al-ki  (By  and  By.)         

Montani  Semper  Lioeri  ^.Mountaineers  Always  i' reefxei.) 
Forward. 

WVOMiUS ....... 

1868 

Cedant  ArniA  Togne  (Let  Arms  Yield  to  the  Gowa-.J 

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United  States  Government. 


sanitetr  .States  (Bfoijcniiiunt. 

PRESIDENT... WOODROW  WILSON,  of  New  Jersey ,...; Salary,  575,0001 

VICE-PRESIDENT THOMAS  RILEY  MARSHALL,  of  Indiana. ...w,.,-. "  12,000 

Secretary  lo  the  President — ^Joseph  P.  Tumulty,  of  New  Jersey ..'..;  1^. ... .         "  7.500 

THE    CABINET. 
(Arranged  In  tlie  order  of  succession  lor  the  Presidency  declared  by  Acts  of  Congress.)  . 

Secretary  of  State — Robert  Lansing,  New  York, 
Sec.  of  Treasury — Carter  Glass,  Va.;  noin.  Dec.  5,1918. 
Secretary  of  War — Newton  Diehl  Baiter,  Ohio. 


Attorney-General — Thomas  Watt  Gregory,  Texas. 
Postmaster-General — Albert  Sidney  Burleson,  Texas. 


The  salaries  of  the  Cabinet  ofllcers  are  312,000  each. 


Sec.  of  the  Navy — Josephus. Daniels,  North  Carolina. 
Sec.  of  Interior — Franlilin  Knight  Lane,  California. 
Sec.  of  Agriculture — David  Franklin  Houston,  Mo. 
Sec.  of  Commerce — William  C.  Redfleld,  New  York. 
Sec.  of  Labor — WilUam  Bauchop  Wilson,  Penn;i. 


DEPARTMENT 

CoMwseHor— Frank  L.  Polk,  N.  Y S7,500 

Assistant  Secretary — William  Phillips,  Mass. .  .  5,000 
Second  Assistant  Secretary — A.  A.  Adee,  D.  C.  4,500 
Third  Ass't  .Secretary — Breckinridge  Long,  Mo.  4,-500 
Dir.  Consular  Service — Wilbur  J.  Carr,  N.  Y. .   4,500 

Chief  Clerk— Ben  G.  Davis,  Neb 3,000 

Solicitor— Lester  H.  Woolscy,  N.  Y 5,000 

cn.  Div.  Lat.-Amer.  Affairs— 3.  H.  Stabler,  Md.  4,500 
Ch.Div.  Mex.  Affairs — Leon  J.  Canova,  Fla.  .  4,500 
Cft.  Div.  Far  East.  Affairs — R.  S.  Miller,  N.  Y.  4,500 
Ch.  Div.  Near  East.  Aff.—A.  E.  Putney,  111.  .   3,000 


OF    STATE. 

Ch.  Diu.  of  Infonnatioii — John  H.  James,  OhioS3,000 
Ch.  Diplomatic  Bureau — S.  Y.  Smith,  D.  C.  .  .  2,250 
Ch.  Consular  Bureau — Herbert  C.  Hengstlor,  O.  2,350 
Ch.  Indexes  &  Archives — David  A.  Salmon,  Ct.  2,500 
Ch.  Bureau  Accounts — William  McNeir,  Mich.  2,300 
Ch.  Bureau  Rolli  &  Lib'y — John  A.  Tonner,  O.  2,100 
Ch.  Bureau  Appointments — M.  M.  Sliand,  N.J.  2,100 
Cvmmer.  Treaties  Adviser — ^W.  B.  Fleming,  Ky.  4,500 

Ch.  Foreign  Intel.  Div. — P.  T.  Patchiu.  la 0,000 

LaiB  Clerk,  Office  of—H.  L.  Bryan,  D.  C 2,50(} 

Ch.  West.  Europ.  .4ff.  Div. — J.  C.  Grew,  Mass.  3,000 
Foreign  Trade  Adviser — J.  G.  Lay,  D.  C 8,000 


TREASURY     D 

Assista7it  Secretary — R.  C.  Lefiingwell,  N.  Y.  .S5,00o 
Assistant  Secretary — Albert  Rathbuvn,  N.  J. .  .  5,000 
Assistant  Secretary — James  H.  Moyle,  Utah. . .   5,000 

Assistant  Secretary — Leo.  S.  Rowe,  Pa 5,000 

Chief  Clerk— F&ul  F.  Myers,  N.J 4,000 

Chief  Avpolntmenl  Div. — Jas.  E.  Harper,  S.  C.  3,000 

Ch.  Book.  Dio.—G.  H.  Miller.  Mass 4,000 

Ch.  Public  Moneys  Div. — H.  P.  Huddleson,  Ind.  3,000 

Chi^  Customs  Div. — F.  M .  Halstead,  Ore 4,500 

Ch.  Loans  &  Cur.  Div. — Wm.  S.  Broughtou,  111.  3,500 
Ch.  Stationery  &PrgDiv. — Fred  F.Weston,Ia.  2,500 

Supt.  Mails— S.  M .  Gaines,  Ky 2,500 

Capt.  Com.  Coast  Guard — E.  P.  Bertholf,  N.  J.  5,000 

Director  of  Mint — Rayihond  J.  Baker 5,000 

Surff.-Gen.  Health  Ser. — Rupert  Blue,  S.  C.  .  .  6,000 
Compt.  of  Treasury — Walter  W.  Warwick,  Ohio  6,000 
Auditor  for  Treasury— iin,jnuel  Patterson,  Neb.  4,000  . 


EPARTMENT. 

Auditor  for  War — Jas.  L.  Batty,  Mo 

Auditor  for  Int.  Div. — Da\id  C.  Reay,  W.  Va. 
Auditor  for  Navy  Dept. — E.  L.  Luckow,  Wis.. . 
Audirot  for  State,  rtc— Edw.  D.  Hearne,  Del.. 
Auditor  for  P.  O.  Dept. — Chas.  A.  Kram,  Pa.  , 

Treasurer  of  U.  S.- — John  Burke,  N.  Dalt 

Assistant  Treasurer — George  Fort,  Ga 

Register  Treasury — Houston  B.  Teehee,  Okla. . 
Ass't  Reg.  of  Treas. — J.  W.  McCarter,  S.  Dak. 
Compt.  of  Currency — John  S.  Williams,  Va. . .  . 
Commis.  Internal  Rev. — Daniel  C.  Roper,  S.  C 
Dcp.  Com.  Internal  Rev. — B.  C.  Keith,  S.  C. . . 
Dep.  Com.  Internal  Rev. — Luther  F.  Speer,  Pa 
Dep.  Com.  Internal  Rev. — Geo.  E.  Fletcher,  La 
Solicitor  Internal  Rev. — Ellis  C.  Johnson,  Wash 
Solic.  of  Treas. — Lawrence  W.  Becker,  Ind. . . . 
Chief  Secret  Service — W.  H.  Moran,  D.  C 


S4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
4,000 
5,000 
8,000 
3,600 
4,000 
2,500 
5,000 
0,500 
4,000 

.  4,000 
3,600 
5,000 
6,000 
4,000 


WAR 

Ass't  Secretary — Major  Benedict  Crowcll,  Ohio 

Sd  Ass't  Sec. — John  D.  Ryan,  Mont..^ 

od  Ass't  Sec. — Frederick  P.  Keppel,  N.  Y 

Ass't  and  Chief  Cleric — John  C.  Scofield,  Ga. . . 
Chief  of  Staff — Gen.  Peyton  C.  March,  Pa. . .  . 

Chief  Clerk — Mark  A.  Watson,  Cal 

Adjt.-Gen.. — Major  Gen.  Peter  C.  Harris,  Ga. . 

Chief. Clerk — Thomas  A.  O'Brien,  Me 

Insv.  Gen. — Maj.  Gen.  J.L.  Chamberlain,  N.Y 

Chief  Clerk — John  D.  Parker,  Va 

JwlQe^Adv.-Gen. — Major  Gen.  Enoch  H.  Crow- 

der,  Mo 

Chief  Clerk  and  Solicitor — (Vacancy). 
Ouar.-Gen. — Major  Gen.  H.  L.  Rogers,  Midi 

Chief  CiCT-fc— Feed  M.  Cunley,  N.  Y 

Surgeon-General — (Vacancy) . 

Chief  Clerk — John  J.  Pringle,  Neb 

Ch.  of  Bug. — Major  Gen.  Wm.  M.  Black.  N.  Y. 

Chief  Clerk — (Vacancy). 

Ch.  of  Ordn. — Major  Gen.  C.  C.  Williams,  Ga. 

Chief  Clerk — Nathan  Hazen,  Pa 

Ch.  Sig.  Off. — Major  Gen.  G.  O.  Squier,  Mich. 
Civilian  Assistant — Herbert  S.  Flynn,  D.  C. . . 

NAVY 

Ass't  Sec. — Franklin  Delano  Roosevelt 

Chief  Clerk — Frank  S.  Curtis 

Ch.  Naval  Opera. — Adm.  W.  S.  Benson,  S.  C.  . 
Chief  Bureau  Yards  and  Docks — Civ.  Eng.  C. 

W.  Parks  (Rear  Adm.),  Pa 

Ch.  Bu.  Nav. — L.  C.  Palmer  (Rear  Adm.),  Mo. 
Ch.  Bu.  Ordn. — R.  Earle  (Rear  Adm.),  Mass. . 
Ch.  Bu.   Constr.    &   Rep. — David  W.   Taylor 

Chief  Con.  (Rear  Adm.),  Va 

Ch.  Bu.  Steam  Engineering — Roljert  B.  Griffin 

(Rear  Adm.),  Eng.  iu  Chief,  Va 

Ch.  Bu.  Supplies  and  Accounts — Samuel  Mc- 

Gowan,   Paymaster-General    (Rear   Adm.), 

S  c 

■•  Bu. 'Med.  &  Sur'.—Wm.'C.  Braisted,'  s'lir'. 
■-D.  (Rear  Adm.),  S.  C 


DEPARTMENT. 


,000 
,500 
,500 
,000 
,000 
,500 
,000 
.500 
,000 
,000 


8,000 


.  8. 


,000 
400 

,800 
,00v^ 

,000 
,000 
,000 
,400 


Ch.  Bu.  In.  Aff.—Mai.  Gen.  F.  Mclntjrre,  A)a.$8,000 

Chief  Clerk — Louis  V.  Carmack,  Ky . 2,250 

Off.  Charge  Pub.  Bldgs.— Cor.  C.  S.  Ridley,  Ind.  5,000 

Chief  Clerk— S.  F.  Concklin,  N.Y 2,400 

Chief  Coast  Art. — Major  Gen.  F.  W.  Coo,  Kan.  8,000 

Chief  Clerk — Otto  M.  Abramsky,  Minn 2,000 

Chief  of  Militia  Bureau-rBrlg.  Gen.  John  W. 

He.avoy,  111.  (acting).  ■ 

Chief  CZfrfc— Walter  A,  Saunders,  D.  C 2,000 

Provost  Marshal  General — Major  Gen.  Enoch 

H.  Crowder,  Mo.  ....  ! 8,000 

Chief  Clerk— G.  Lyle  Hughes,  Md 2,250 

Ch.  Field  Ari.— Major  Gen.  W.  J.  Snow,  N.  J.  8,000 

Chief  Cleric— h.  Presler,  Ohio 1,600 

Dir.  Tank  Corps — Col.  I.  C.  Welborn,  Miss. . .  4,000 
Dir.  Mil.  Aero. — Major  Gen.  W.  L.  Kenly,  Md.  8,000 

Chief  Clerk'— J.  J.  Mullaiioy,  D.  C ^. .  .   2,250 

Director  Chemical  Warfare  Service — Major  Gen. 

William  L.  Sibert,.  Ala 8,000 

Chief  Clerk — Morrispn  W,  Perley,  D.  C 2.200 

Chief  Motor  Transport  Corps — Brig.  Gen.  C. 

B.  Drake,  Pa '.'.'; 6,000 

Chief  Cierfc— Willis  F.  Boe,  N.Y 2,400 


DEPARTMENT. 


S5,000 

3,000 

10,000 

8,000 
8,000 
8,000 


.  ...   8.000 


8,000 


8,000 
3.000 


Judge    Ado.    Gen. — George   R.    Clark    (Rear 

Adm.),  Washington,  D.  C SS.OOO 

Pres.  Nau.  Exam.  B'd — H.  M.  P.  Huse  (Rear 

Adm.),  N.  Y 8,000 

Pres.  Nav.  Retir.  B'd — H.  M.  P.  Huse,  (Rear 

Adm.),  N.  Y 

Ch.  Intel.  Off.—W.  W.  Kimball  (Rear  Adm.), 

Ret.,  Washington,  D.  C 8,000 

Supt.  Nav.  Obser. — T.  B.  Howard  (Rear  Adm.), 

Md 8,000 

Dir.  Nav.  Almanac — W.  S.  Eichelberger,  Prof. 

Math.,  Washington,  D.  C 8,000 

Hydrographer — Seaton  Schroeder  (Rear  Adm.), 

Ret.,  Washington,  D.  C 8,000 

Commandant,  Marine  Corps — George  Harnett, 

Major  Gen.  Commandant.  M.  C 8,000 


Umted  ^States  iiovernment — Voniimied. 


503 


POST-OFFICE     DEPARTMENT, 


ChW  Clerk — RilsUiu  McArdle,  Tex 84,000 

Ass't  Chief  Clerk — \^'illlam  W.  Smith,  Tenu 2,000 

First  Aas-t  P.  M.  G.— John  C.  Koons,  Md 5,000 

Second  Ass't  P.  M.  G. — Otto  Praeger,  Tex 5,000 

TMrd  Ass't  P.  M.  G. — Alex.  M.  Dockery,  Mo.  5,000 
Founn  Ass't  P.  M.  G. — James  I.  Blakslee,  Pa.  5,000 
Olr.  Postal  Savings  System — C.  B.  Keene,  Me.   4,800 

SoHcttor — William  H.  Lamar,  Md 5,000 

PuTClmsUia  Agent — James  A,.Eclgerton,  N.  J       4.000 


Appointment  Clerk — Robert  S.  Regar  Pa 32.000 

Supt.  Div.  Foreign  Mails — S.  M.  Weber,  Pa...  3.000 
.Supt.  Dill.  Money  Orders-^C.  E.  Matthews, 

Okla 2,7-50 

Supt.  Div.  Postmasters'  App. — C.  R.  Hodges 

Tex 3,000 

Gen.  Supt.  Ry.  M.  S. — W.  I.  Denuing,  Ga 4,000 

Supt.  Div.  Dead  Letters — M.  M.  McLean,  Tex.  2,500 
Chief  Inspector — Geo.  M.  Sutton,  Mo 4,000 


First  Ass't  Secretary — A.  T.  Vogelsang,  Cal.  .  .?95,000 
Assistant  Secretary — Seldeu  G.  Hopkins,  Wyo..  4,500 

Chief  Clerk— Ezekiel  J.  Ay  ens,  N.  J 4,000 

SoUcltor—Cixarles  D.  Mahaffie,  Ore 5,000 

Cominis.  Land  Office — Clay  Tallmau,  Nev.  .  .  .   5,000 

Ass't  CommU. — Charles  M.  Bruce,  Va 3,500 

Commis.  Pensions — G.  M.  Saltzgaber,  Ohio. .  .  5,000 
Deputy  Com.  of  Pensions — E.  C.  Tieman,  Mo.  :j,CO0 
Commis.  Education — Phil'der  P.  Claxtou,  Tenn.  5,000 

CMef  Clerk— Heavy  H.  Balsh,  Pa 2,000 

Com.  Ind.  Affairs— Ca.to  Sells,  Tex 5,001) 


INTERIOR     DEPARTMENT 

As.i't  Commis. — Edgar  B 


Meritt,  Ark. ....... 

Commis.  Patents — James  T.  Newton,  Ga 

First  A.is't  Commis. — Robert  F.  Whitehead,  Va, 

Ass't  Commis. — Francis  W.  H.  Clay,  Pa 

Chief  Clerk  Patents — M.  H.  CouLston,  III 

Direc.  Geol.  Surrey — George  Otis  Smith,  Me... 

Dlr.  Recla.  Service — A.  P.  Davis,  Kan 

Dir.  Bur.  of  Mines — Van  H.  Manning,  Miss... 

.4ss7  Dlr.  Mines  Bur. — H.  F.  Bain,  Cal 

Dlrec.  Nat'l  Park  Serolcc—S.  T.  Mather,  III. .  . 
Ass't  Dlr.  Nafl  Pk.  .S'cni.— H.  M.  Albright,  Cal. 


83,500 
5,000 
4,500 
3,500 
3,000 
6,000 
7,500 
6,000 
4,800 
4,500 
2,600 


DEPARTMENT     OF     JUSTICE. 


SolicUur-Gen. — Alex.  C.  King,  Ga sio.OOO 

Ass't  to  Atty.-Gen. — Geo.  Carroll  Todd,  Va . . .  .  0,000 
Ass't    .Attorneys-General — Hu.ston    Thomp.sou, 

Col.:  H.  LaRue  Brown,  Mass.;  Samuel  J. 

Graham,  Pa.;  Francis  J.  Kearful,  D.  C;  Win. 

C.  Fritts,  Ala.;  AVm.  L.  Frierson,  Tenn .  7,500 

SoHc.  for  P.  O.  Dept. — W.  H.  Lamar,  Md 5,000 

Solicitor  State  Dept. — Lester  H.  WooUey.  N.  Y .  5,000 

Solicitor  of  Int.  Rev. — A.  A.  Ballentine,  Mass.  5,000 

Solic.  Dept.  Commerce — A.  L.  Thurman,  Ohio .  5,000 

Sollc.  Dept.  Labor — J.  W.  Abercrombie,  Ala.  .  5,000 


Ind. 


Solicitor  of  Treasury — Lawrence  Becker, 

Chief  Clerk — Charles  E,  Stewart,  Ala. 

Appointment  Clerk — C.  B.  Sornborger,  Vt.  .  .  . 
.■\.tty.  for  Pardons — James  A.  Finch,  N.  Y. . . . 
Disbursing  Clerk — James  H.  Mackey,  Col.  .  .  . 
Supt.  of  Prisons — Francis  H.  Duehay,  D.  C 
Solicitor  Dept.  Labor — J.  B.  Densmore,  Mont. 
.'Solicitor  Inferior  Dept. — C.  D.  MahafBe,  Ore. 

Prtrate  Secretary — John  T.  Suter,  D.  C 

Chief  Die.  Imcstioatlons — A.  B.  Blelaski,  Md. 


.  $5,000 
.  3,500 
2,000 
3,000 
2,750 
4,000 
5.000 
5.000 
3,000 
3,500 


DEPARTMENT    OF    AGRICULTURE. 


Ass't  Sec'y — Carl  S.  Vroomau,  111 

Ass't  Sic'y — G.  I.  Christie,  Ind 

Ass't  Sfc'y — Clarence  Ousley,  Tex 

Ass't  to  the  Sec'y — Wm.  W.  Mein,  N.  Y. . 

Ass't  to  the  Sec'v — Floyd  R.  Harrison,  Va 

Ass't  to  the  Sec'v — Alonze  E.  Taylor,  Cal 

Solicitor— Vfmiam  M.  Williams,  Ala 

CMef  Clerk— Robert.  M.  Reese,  D.  G 

Chief  of  Weather  Bv, — Charles  F.  Marvin,  Ohio 
Ch.  Bur.  Aitimal  Indus. — J.  R.  Mohler,  Pa.  .  . 
Direc.  states  Relations  Service — A.  C.  True,  Ct. 
Appointment  Clerk — P.  L.  Gladmon,  D.  C .  .  . . 
CMef  Bu.  Plant  Industry — W.  A.  Taylor,  Midi 
*  Volunteer  workers  during  tlie  w;ir. 


.?5,000 
5,000 
5,000 
*1 
3,300 
2,7.50 
5,000 
3,500 
5,000 
5,000 
4,500 
2.000 
5,000 


Librarian — Clarlbel  R.  Barnett,  N.  Y 

Chief  Die.  of  Publications — E.  B.  Reid,  Mich.. 
CMef  Din.  of  Accounts — A.  Zappone,  D.  C.  . .  . 
Chief  Bureau  of  So«s— Milton  Whitney,  Md.  . 
Chief  Forest  Service — Henry  S.  Graves,  Ct.  .  .  . 
C)i.  Bu.  Crop  Estimates — L.  M.  Estabrook,  Tex. 
Ch.  Bu.  of  Plant  Industry — W.  A.  Taylor,  Mich. 

Entomologist — L.  O.  Howard,  N.  Y 

Chemist  ct  Chief  of  Bu. — C.  L.  Alsberg,  Mass  . 
Chief  Bu.  Biological  Svrvey — E.W.  Nelson,  Ariz. 
Director  Public  Roads — L.  W.  P.age,  Mass .  .  .  . 
Chief  Bu.  of  Markets — Charles  J.  Brand,  III. .  . 

Chief  Ilorti.  Board — -C.  L,  Marlatt,  Kan 

Ch.  Iwcclicide  Board — j.  K.  Haywood,  ^f.  Y.. 


52,000 
3.500 
4,000 
4,000 
5,000 
4,000 
5,000 
4.500 
5,000 
3.500 
4.500 
4,500 
3,800 
4,000 


DEPARTMENT     OF     COMMERCE. 


Ass't  Secretary — Edwin  F.  Sweet,  Mich -SS.OOO 

Chief  Clerk  and  Supt. — Edw.  W.  Libbey.  D.  C  3,000 
Disbursing  Clerk — Chas.  E.  Moisten.  Oliio. .  .  .    3,000 

Ch.  Die.  App. — Cliltord  Hastings,  Wash 2,500 

Ch.  Dii.  Publications— Thos.  F.  McKeon,  M.Y  2,500 

Ch.  Die.  Sitpplies — F.  M.  Shore,  Oliio 2,100 

Director  of  the  Census — Sam,  L.  Rogers,  N.  C.    G,000 


Ch.  Bu.  For.  &  Dom.  Com. — B.  S.  Cutler,  N.Y.  56,000 

Director  Standards — S.  W.  Stratton,  111 6,000 

Commissioner  Fisheries — H.  M.  Smith,  D.  C.  .   6,000 
Commissioner  Lighthouses — G.  R.  Putnam,  la. 
Supt.  Coast  and  Geod.  Survey — E.  L.  Jones,  Va. 
Comvhis.  of  Nav. — E.  T.  Chamberlain,  N.  Y.. 
Svperv.  Insp.-Genl's.  Ss.  Insp. — G.  Uhlev,  Pa. 


5,000 
6,000 
4,000 
4,000 


DEPARTMENT     OF     LABOR. 


Assistant  Secretary— ^Mxxis  F.  Post,  111 S5,000 

CMef  Clerk— Sa.m\.  J.  Gomper.s,  NY 3,000 

Disbursing  Clerk— B.  R.  Bra<Ui.ni,  .>f .  J 3,000 

Commis. -Gen.  Immigration — A.  Camlnette,  Cal.  5,000 

Commis.  Naturaliz. — R.  K.  Campbell,  Va 4,000 

Commis.  Labor  Statistics — Royal  Meeker,  N.  J.  5,000 
C/i.  Children's  Bureau— JnU&  C.  Lathrop,  111.  .   5,000 
Ch.  Dir.  Inform. — Roger  W.  B.ib'^ou.  Mass.  .  .   5,000 
mr.-Gen.  U.S.  Employ.  Serv. — J.  B.  Oensmoro, 
Mont 0.000 


Dir.  Labor  Adjust.  Serv. — Hugh  L.  Kerwan,  Pa.S5,000 
Dir     Training    &    Dllut.    Serv. — Charles    T. 

Clayton,  111 5,000 

Dir.  Investig.  &  Insp.  Serv. — Etlielbert  Stewart, 

III 5.000 

Dir.    Working   Cond.   Serv. — Grant   Hamilton, 

D.  C 5,000 

Dir.    iVoman    tn    Indust.    Serv. — Mary    Van 

Kleeck,  N.Y 5,000 

Dlr.  Indtist.  Housing  &  Transp. — Otto  M.  Eld- 

litz,  N.  Y »1 


GOVERNMENT 

PKblic  Printer — Cornelius  Ford.  N.  J S5,500 

Deputy— DanitA  V.  Chisholm.  S.  C 4..500 

CMef  Clerk — John  L.  Alversou.  Ky 2,750 

Priv.  Sec— Joseph  P.  O'Lone.  X.  .r 2,500 


PRINTING      OFFICE. 

Purchasing  Agent — Edward  S.  Moores,  Wis. .  .33,600 

Supt.  of  Work — T.  Frank  Morgan,  Va 3,600 

Foreman  of  Printing — Fletcher  Bowden,  Miss .  2,500 
Congressional  Record  Clk. — AVm  A.  Smith,  D.  C.  2,500 
Supt.  of  Docuvients — Josiahll.  ^riukor.  Miss..  3.500 


Chairman — George  Vaux 
Daniel  Smiley,  N.  Y. 
Merrill  E.  Gates,  D.  C. 
Wm.  II.  Ketcham,  D.  C. 


BOARD    OF     INDIAN     COMMISSIONERS. 

Ph.       hkiward  !•'..  Ayer,  111.  |  Frank  Kiiox,  K 


Warren  K.  Moorehead.  Mass. 
Samuel  .\.  Eliot,  Mass. 


H. 


Isidore  B.  Dockweller,  C«l. 
Malcolm  McDowell.  Wash.,  D.  C. 


!2()4 


Suprerne  Court  oj  ihe  United  States. 


SUPi%EME    COURT    OF    THE    UNiTiED    STATES. 

Vlilef  Justice  of  the  United  States — Edward  D.  White  ol  Louisiana,  born  1845,  appointed  1910. 


Born. 
.1843 
Oliver  W.  Holmes,  Mass. .  1841 


Assd.  Jmtice^-^Joseph  McKeiina,  Cal.  . . 


William  R.  Day,  Ohio. 


.1849 


W.  Van  Devanter,  Wyo. . .  1859 


App. 
1898 
1902 
1903 
1910 


Born.  App. 

Asso.  Justice — Mahlou  Pitney,  N:  J 1858  1912 

Jas.  C.  MoReyDOkls,  Tenn.1862  1914 

Louis  D.  Brandeis,  Mass..  185<i  1916 

John  H.  Clarke,  Oliio. ..  .18.57  1916 


Cleric— Jame^  D.  Matier  (.56,000).  Marshal— Frank  Key  Greeu  (.$4,500).  Reporter — Ernest  Knaebel  (.S4,500}. 
The  salary  of  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States  is  .515,000;  Associate  Justices,  814,500  eacl) 


CIECUIT   JUDGES    OF   THE    UNITED    STATUS. 


Cir.  Judges.  App. 

1.  Geo.  IL  Bingham,  N.H.  .  .1913 

Chas.  F.  Johnson,  Me 1917 

2   Henry  G.Ward,'N.Y'.'.; .'  !i967 

Henry  W.  Rogers,  Ct 1913 

Chas.  M.  Houch,  N.  Y...  .1916 
Martin  T.  Manton,  N.  Y...1918 

3.  Victor  B.  Woolley,  Del.  . .  .  1914 

Joseph  Buffington,  Pa 1906 

John  B.  McPherson,  Pa. .  .1912 

4.  Charles  A.  Woods.  S.  C .  .  .  1913 


Cir.  Judges.  App. 

4.  Jeter  C.  Pritchard,  N.  C.  .1904 
Martin  A.  Knapp,  D.  C. .  .  1910 

5.  Don  A.  Pardee,  Ga 1881 

Richard  W.  Walker,  Ala. . .  1914 
Robt.  Lynn  Halts,  Te.\as..l917 

6.  Artli'u-  C.  Dtniison,  Mich.  .1911 
John  W.  Warrington,  Ohio.  1909 
Loral  E.  Knappcn,  Mich. .  1910 

7.  Francis  E.  Baker,  Ind 1902 

Samuel  Alschuler,  111 1916 


Cir.  .Judges.  App. 

7.  Julian  W.  Mack,  111 191 J 

F,van  A.  Evans,  Wis 1916 

8.  Walter  H.  .Sanborn,  Minn..  1892 

WllUam  C.  Hoolt,  Kan 1903 

JohnEmmettCarland,D.<:'.1911 

Walter  I.  Smith,  Iowa 1911 

Kimbrough  Stone,  Mo.  .    .  1916 

9.  WUliam  B.  Gilbert.  Ore.     .  1892 

Erakine  M.  Ross,  Cal 1895 

WUliam  W.  Morrow,  Cal .  ,  1897 
Wm.  H.  Hunt,  D.  C 1911 


Salaries,  87,000  each.  The  Judges  of  each  circuit  and  the  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  for  the  circuit 
constitute  a  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals.  The  FmsT  Circuit  consists  of  Maine,  Massachusetts,  New  Hamp- 
shire, Rhode  Island,  Porto  Rico.  Second — Connecticut.  New  York,  Vermont.  Thiud — Delaware,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania.  Fourth — Maryland,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Virginia,  West  Virginia. 
I'^FTH — Alabama,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Tex.is,  Canal  Zone.  Sixth — Kentucky,  Michi- 
gan, Ohio,  Tennessee.  Seventh — Illinois,  Indiana,  Wisconsin.  Eighth — Arkansas,  Colorado,  Oklahoma, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  New  Mexico,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Utah.  Wyoming. 
Ninth — Alaska,  Arizona,  California,  Idaho,  Montana,  Nevadn.  Oregon,  Washington,  Hawaii. 

United  States  Court  of  Claims — Chief  Justice — Edward  K.  Campbell,  Ala.  Associate  J7:<;ges — 
Penton  W.  Booth,  111.;  Samuel  S.  Barney,  V»'^ls.;  George  10.  Downey,  Ind.;  James  Hay,  Va.  Salaries:  Chief 
.lusfice.  86,500;  Justices,  86,000. 

district  courts  op  the  un'ited  stath.s — (Judges,  36,000  each). 


Ariz. 
Ark.: 

Cat!: 


E.  D. . 
W.  D. 
N.  D. . 

s.'  b  ■ '. 


Districts.  Jud,:es.  Addresses.     App. 

Ala.:  N.  &  M.Henry  D.  Clayton  .Montgomery..  19 14 

"     N Wm.  I.  Grubb Birmingham..  1909 

•'     S.  D.  .  .  .Robert  T.  Ervin.  .Mobile 1917 

Alaska R.  W.  Jennings .  . .  Juneau 1913 

Wm.A.  HolzheimerNome 1917 

F.  M.  Brown Valdez 1917 

Chas.  E.  Bunnell. .  Fairbanks.  . .  .  1915 

...Wm.  H.  Sawtelle.  .Tucson 1913 

. .  Jacob  Trieber Little  Rock. . .  1900 

.  .F.  A.  Youmans.  .  .Fort  Smith.  .  .1911 
.  .M.  T.  Doollng. .  .  San  Fi-ancisco.l913 
. .  Wm.  C.  Van  Fleet. San  Francisco. 1907 
.  .Oscar  A.  Trippet.  .  Los  Angeles  .  .  1913 

Ben].  F.  Bledsoe.  .Los  Angeles.  .1914 

Canal  Zone.  .  .Wm.  H.  Jackson.  .Aucon 1914 

Colorado Robert  E.  Ijswis .  .  Denver 1906 

Connecticut..  .Edwin  S.  Thomas. Now  Haven.  .1913 

Delaware. Wilmington. . .  1897 

Fla.  :N.  D W.  B.  Sheppard. .  .  Pensaeola ....  1907 

"•    S.  D.  . .  .Rhydon  M.  Call.  .Jacksonville.  .1913 

Ga;:N.  D.  ..  .Wm.  T.  Newman.. Atlanta 1886 

•'    S.  D Emory  Spcer Macon 1885 

.  . Beverly  D.  Evans .  Savannah ....  1917 

.  .  H.  W.  Vaughan .    .  Honolulu 1916 

. .  Jos.  B.  Polndexter.  Honolulu 1917 

.  .  Frank  S.  Dietrich  .  Boise .  1907 

.  . Ken.  M.  Landis. . .  Chicago 1905 

,  .G.  A.  Carpenter..    Chicago 1910 

"    S.  D Louis  Fitz  Henry. .Peoria 1918 

••    e; Danville 

Indiana A.  B.  Anderson.  .  .Indianapolis.  .1902 

Iowa:  N.  D..  .Henry  T.  Reed.  .  .Cresco  (P.O.).  1904 

••      S.  D Martin  J.  Wade. .  .  Davenport .  .  .  1915 

Kansas John  C.  Pollock. . .  Kaasas  City. .  1903 

Ky.:  W.  D Walter  Evans Louisville .  ...  1 899 

•'     E.  D A.  M.  J.  Cochran .  Covington 1901 

La.:  E.  D Rufus  E.  Foster. .  . New  Orleans..  1909 

"     VV.  D George  W.  Jack. .  .Shreveport .  .  .  1917 

Maine Clarence  Hale ....  Portland 1902 

Maryland .  .  .   John  C.  Rose Baltimore.  . .  .  1910 

Mass Jas  M.Morton, Jr. Boston 1912 

Mich.:  E.  D...  Arthur  J.  Tuttle.  .Detroit 1912 

W.  D. .  C.  W.  Sessions Grand  Rapids.191 1 

Minne.sota.  . .  .Wilbur  F.  Booth.  .Minneapolis.  .1914 

...  .Page  Morris Duluth 1903 

Miss.:  N.  &  S ■?..  . 

MO. :  E.  D.  . . .  David  P.  Dyer St.  Louis 1907 

, .  A.  S.  Van  Valken- 

burgh Kansas  City.  .1910 

.  .  G.  M.  Bourquln..  .  Butte 1912 

. .  Jas.W.Woodrough.Omaha 1916 

.  .Thos.  C.  Munger.  .Lincoln 1907 

. .  E.  S.  Farrington .  .  Carson  Citv .  .  1907 
.  Edffar  Aldrich  ....  Littleton 1S9I 


Hawaii:. . . 

Ida&o . ; . . . 
III.:  n;  D.  . 


W.  D. 

Montana . . . 
Nebraska. .  . 

Nevada .  . . . 
N.  Hamp. .  . 


Districts. 
New  Jersey. 


New  Mexico . 

N.  Y.:  N.  D. 

W.  D. 

"       S.  D.. 

S.  D. . 

"       S.  D.. 

S.  D.. 

fO.  D. 


Judges.  Addresses,     .ipp- 

.John  Rellstab Trenton 1909 

.Thos.  G.  Haight .  .  Newark 1914 

•  J.  Warren  Davis..   Trenton 1916 

.CoUu  Neblett Santa  Fe 1917 

.George  W.  Ray.  .  .Binghamtoii.  .1902 

.John  R.  Hazel.  .  .  .Buffalo 1900 

.Julius  M.  Mayer.  .N.  Y.  City.  .1912 
.  Augustus N.  Hand.N.  Y.  City .  .  .  1914 
.John  C.  Knox.  .  .  .N.  Y.  City  .  .  .  1918 
.  Learned  Hand.  .  . .  N.  Y.  City  .  .  1909 
.T.  I.  Chatfield.  .  ..Brooklyn 1907 


E.  D... Edwin  L.  Garvin. .Brooklyn 1918 

N.  C:  E.  D...H.  G.  Conner Wilson 1909 

W.  D . .  James  E.  Boyd .  .  .  Greensboro. .  .  1900 
(Jhas.  F.  Amidon. .  Fargo 18911 


N.  Dakota 
Ohio:  N.  D . 

"      N.  D. 

"      S.  D.. 

"      S.  D.. 
Okla.:  E.  D. 

"       W.  D 
Oregon 


.  .lohn  M    KUlits  .  .  .Toledo 1910 

.D.  C.  WestenhaverCleveland.  .    .  1917 

.  H.  G.  Hollister Cincinnati 1910 

.  John  E.  Sater Columbus. .    .  1907 

.'  John  ii.'  Cotteral. .'  Guthrie.' '. .  .    .  1907 
.  C.  E.  Wolvertnu  .  .  Portland 1905 


Robert  S'.  Bean  .  . .  Portland ....  1909 

Pa.:  E.  D J.  W.  Th'6mp30u.  . PhUadelplii:!  .  1912 

"     E.  D O.  B.  Dickinson. .  .  Philadelphi;: . .  1914 

"     M.  D Chas.  B.  Witmer.    Sunbury  .  .  .    .1911 

"     W.  D.  .  .  .  W. H.S.Thompson. Pittsburgh  .     .  1914 

•'    W.  D Chas.  P;  Orr Pittsburgh  .  .  .  1909 

Porto  Rico P.  J.  Hamilton San  Juan.       .  1917 

Rhode  Island..  A.  L.  Brown Providenci- .    .  1896 

S.  Car.:  E.  D..H.  A.  M.  Smith. ..  Charlestor, .  .  .1911 
W.  D.  Jcseph  T.  Johnson. Greenville. .    .  1915 

So.  Dakota.  .  .Jas.  D.  Elliott Sioux  Falls.    .1911 

Tenn.:E.  &  M.Ed.  T.  Sanlord.. .  .Knoxville.    . .  1908 

W.  D. .  John  E.  McCall. . .  Memphis 1905 

Tex.:  E.  D Gordon  Russell.  .  .Sherman  .  .  .  .1910 

"     W.  D...DuVal  Smith San  Antoui-v.. 1916 

"      W.  D...W.  R.  Smith EI  Paso 1917 

"     N.  D.  ..Edw.  R.  Meek Dallas 1898 

"     S.  D Jos.  C.  Hutcheson. Houston 3918 

Utah Till.  D.  .rohnson.  . .  Ogden  City. .  .  1916 

Vermont Hariand  B.  Howe .  Windsor 1915 

Va.:  E.  D E.  Waddill,  Jr.  . .  .Richmond.. .  .1898 

"     W.  D,  .  .  .H.  C.  McDowell .  .  Lynchburc    .  .  1901 

Wash.:  W.  D..  Ed.  E.  Cushman.   Tacoma 1912 

W.  D..  J.  Neterer Seattle 1913 

E.  D..F.  H.  Rudkin Spokane 19H 

W.  Va.:  N.  D.A.  G.  Dayton Philippi 1905 

S.  D. .  B.  F.  Keller Charleston  .  .  .  1901 

Wis.:  E.  D F.  A.  Geiger Milwaukee .  .  .  1912 

••     W.  D. .  .A.  L.  Sanborn.  ..  .Madison. .  .    .1905 
^\'yomii!g John  A.  Riuer.  . . .  Cheyenne.      .  1890 


United  States  Disirict-Aitorneys  and  Marshals. 


J05 


UNITED    STATES    DISTRICT-ATTORNEYS    AND    MARSHALS. 


Districts. 


DlSTRICT-ATTOKNETS. 


Names  and  Official  Addresses 


Alabama.  X. 
M. 


Alaska.  1st  Div. 
2dDiv.. 
3d  Div.. 
4Tll  Div. 

Aiizouii 

Arkansas,  E. . . . 

W,... 

California,  N. . . 

S.... 

Canal  Zoiie 

Colorado 

Connecticut .... 

Delaware 

Dlst. of  Columbia 

riorida,  X 

S 

Georgia,  N 

s 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois,  X 

E 

S 

Indiana 

Iowa,  N 

"      s 

Kansas 

Kentucky,  E.... 

W... 

Louisiana,  E.. . . 

W. . . 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 

MicWgau,  E 

W.... 

Minnesota 

Mississippi,  N.  . 
S... 

Missouri,  E 

\y 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico.... 

New  Yori;,  N... 

S.... 

E... 

W... 

N.  Carolina,  E.. 

W. 

North  Dakota. . 

Ohio,  N 


OWahoma,  E. . . 
W... 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania,  E 
M. 
W. 

Porto  Rico 

Rhode  Island . . . 

S.  Carolina,  E... 

W.. 

Soutli  Dakota... 

Tennessee,  E.... 

M... 

W... 

Tevas,  X 

•• 'ev:::::: 

w 

Utah 

\'ennoiir 

\'irslni!i .  E 

\V 

Washiuiton,  E.. 

W. 

tt .  Virginia,  N.. 

S.. 

Wiscon-iii,  E 

W... 
VS  J'oju.ag 


Robert  N.  Bell,  Birmingham 
T.  D.  Bamlord,  Montgomery. 
Alexander  D.  Pitts,  Mobile .  . 
James  A.  Smlser,  Juneau .... 

G.  J.  Lomen,  Nome 

W.  A.  Munly,  Valdez 

Rinehart  F,  Roth,  Fairbanks. 
Thom.as  A.  Flynn,  Phoenix.  . 
Wm.  H.  Martin,  Little  Rock. 
Emon  O.  Mahony,  I^t.  Smith, 
Mrs.  A.  A.  Adams,  San  Fran. 
J.  R.  O'Connor,  Los  Angeles. 

— ,  Ancon 

Harrj'  B.  Tedrow,  Denver.  . . 
Thos.  J.  Spellacy,  Hartford .  , 
Chas.  F.  Curley,  Wilmington. 
Jolm  E.  Laskey,  Washington. 
Jolm  L.  Neelcy,  Pensacola. . . 

H.  S.- Phillips,  Tampa 

Hooper,  Alexander,  Atlanta . 
Earl  M.  Donalson,  Macon. . . 

S.  C.  Huber,  Honolulu 

James  L.  McClear,  Boise .... 

Chas.  F.  Clyne,  Chicago 

J.  G.  Burnside,  Danville 

Edw.  C.  Knotts,  Springfield.. 
L.  E.  Slack,  Indianapolis .... 
F.A.O'Gonuor.N.H'tonCP.O.) 

E.  G.  Mdou.CentrevilleCP.O.) 

F.  Robertson,  Kansas  City. . . 
Thos.  D.  Slattery,  Covington 
Perry  B.  Miller,  Louisville. . . 
J.  W.  Montgomery,  N.  Orleans 

Jos.  Moore,  Sbreveport 

Jolm  F.  A.  Merrill,  Portland. 
Samuel  K.  Dennis,  Baltimore 

T.  J.  Boynton,  Boston 

Jno.  E.  Kinnane,  Detroit.  .  .  . 
M.  H.  Walker,  Gr.ind  Rapids 

Alfred  Jaques,  St.  Paul 

Wilson  S.  Hill,  O.xford 

Joseph  W.  George,  Jackson. . 
Arthur  L.  Oliver,  St.  Louis. . . 
F.  M.  Wilson,  Kansas  City. . 
Burton  K.  WHieeler,  Butte. . . 

Tho.=.  S.  Allen.  Lincoln 

William  Woodburn,  Jr.,  Reno 
F.  H.  Brown,  Somers'rth  (P.O.) 

Chas.  F.  Lynch,  Newark 

S.  Burkhart,  Albuquerque. . . 

Dennis  B.  Lucey,  Utlca 

Francis  G.  Caffey,  N.  Y.  City 
Melville  J.  France,  Brooklyn. 

S.  T.  LocUwood,  Buffalo 

James  O.  Carr,  Wilmington.. 
Wm.  C.  Hammer,  Ashboro. . . 
Melvin  A.  Hlldreth,  Fargo. . . 
Edwin  8.  Wertz,  Cleveland . . 
Stuart  R.  Bolin,  Columbus. . . 
W.  C.  McGinnls,  Muskogee.. 
Jolm  A.  Fain,  Oklahoma  City 

B.  E.  Haney,  Portland 

Francis  F.  Kane,  Pliiladelphia 
Rogere  L.  Burnett,  Scranton. 
R.  I/.  Crawford,  Pittsburgh. . 
Miles  M.  Martin,  San  Juan. . 
Harvey  A.  Baker.  Providence 

F.  H.  Weston,  Charleston 

J.  W.  Thurmond,  Greenville. 
R.  P.  Stewart,  Deadwood.. . . 
W.  T.  Kennerly,  Ktioxvllle. . . 

Lee  Douglas,  Nashville 

William  D.  Ky.ser,  Memphis. 
Wilmot  M.  Odell,  Fort  Worth 
John  E.  Green,  Jr.,  Houston, 

Clarence  Merritt,  Paris 

J.  L.  Camp,  San  Antonio. . . . 
M^  W.  Ray,  Salt  Lake  City. . 

V.  A.  Bullard,  Burlington 

Richard  H.  Mann,  Richmond 
Richard  E.  Byrd,  Roanoke, , 
Francis  A.  Garrecht,  Spokane 
R.  C.  Saunders,  Seattle 

S.  W.  Walker,  M.irtinsburg 
L.  II.  Kelly,  Charlestown . . 
Pi.  A.  Sawyer,  Milwaukee.. 
Albert  C.  Wolfe,  (.a  Crosse 
Chas.  L.  Rigdon,  Cheyenne 


Appointed. 


Jan. 

Jan.  8 

Jan.  8, 

Jan.  30, 

July  27 

Oct.  5, 

Oct.  24, 

.Ian.  27 

July  30 

Sept.  29 

July  25 

Jan.  8 


J\ine  26 
June  30 
Mar.  11 
Oct.  22 
Jan.  10 
Oct.  5 
Jan.  8 
Aug.  24, 
Mar.  22 
Jan.  8 
Sept.  8, 
July  5, 
May  20 
Jan.  10, 
May  14, 
Mar.  21 
June  21 
May  22 
June  9 
Mar.  16 
April  16, 
Feb.  15 
Jan.  8 
Jan.  8 
Aug.  8, 
Aug.  29 
June  9 
Mar.  11 
July  8, 
Aug,  4 
Aug.  4, 
Oct.  30 
July  29, 
April  6, 
July  6, 
June  17 
Atig.  5 
Jan.  31 
May  24, 
Mar.  2 
Jan.  11 
Aug.  7, 
Mar.  4 
Oct.  9, 
Mar.  1 
.Tan.  11 
Mar.  15; 
Dec.  22 
Mar.  4: 
Jan.  8 
Jan.      8 


Jan.  11 
Sept.  15 
Mar.  4, 
Jan.  18 
Aug.  4, 
July  5, 
May  14, 
Mar.  12 
Mar.  15 
Mar.  8 
June  16 
April  24 
Mar.  10 
M.ar.  1 
April  24 
April  6 
Mar.  8 
May  7 
Jan.  8 
Jan.  8 
Jan.  18 
Jan,  29 
June     9, 


191S 
1918 
1918 
1915 
1918 
1917 
1914 
1918 
1913 
1917 
1918 
1918 


1914 
1915 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1917 
1918 
1914 
1916 
1918 
1914 
1918 
1914 
1916 
1918 
1918 
1917 
1918 
1914 
1917 
1917 
1915 
1915 
1918 
1916 
1914 
1914 
1918 
1915 
1914 
1917 
1913 
1916 
1918 
1918 
1916 
1913 
1916 
1917 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1918 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1914 
1918 
1918 
1918 


1916 
1914 
1918 
1916 
1917 
1917 
1914 
1917 
1917 
1918 
1914 
1917 
1918 
1915 
191S 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1916 
1917 
1914 


Marshals. 


Names  and  Official  Addresses. 


H.  A.  Skeggs,  Birmingham. 
McDuffle  Cain,  Montgomery. 

Chris.  C.  Gewin,  Mobile 

J.  M.  Tanner,  Juneau 

Emmot  R.  Jordan,  Nome. . . . 
F.  R.  Brenneman,  Valdez..  . . 
Lewis  T.  Erwln,  Fairbanks.. . 

Joseph  P.  Dillon,  Phoenix 

Andrew  J.  AValls,  Little  Rock 
John  H.  Parker,  Fort  Smith.. 
J.  B.  Holohan,  S.  Francisco. . 
C.  T.  Walton,  Los  Angeles.. . 
Miguel  A.  Otero,  Culebra.. . . 
Samuel  J.  Burris,  Denver. . . . 
C.  C.  Middlebrooks,  Hartford 
Martin  F.  Farry,  Wilmington 
Maurice  Splain,  Washington , 
Jas.  B.  Perkins,  Pensacola. . . 
N.  H.  Boswell,  Jacksonville, . 
Howard  Thompson,  Atlanta. . 

Joseph  S.  Davis,  Macon 

Jerome  J.  Smlddy,  Honolulu . 

L.  C.  Jones,  Boise 

John  J.  Bradley,  Chicago. . . . 

Cooper  Stout,  Danville 

V.  Y.  Dallman,  Springfield.. . 
Mark  Storen,  Indianapolis. . . 

E.  R.  Moore,  Dubuque 

Nicholas  F.  Reed,  Ottumwa.. 

Otho  T.  Wood,  Topeka 

H.  M.  Cox,  Covington 

Edgar  H.  James,  Louisville . . 

F.  M.  Miller,  New  Orleans. , . 
J.  H.  Kirkpatrlck,  Shrevepoit 
J.  S.  P.  H.  Wilson,  Portland . 
W.  W.  Stockham,  Baltimore. 

John  J.  Mitchell,  Boston 

Henry  Behrendt,  Detroit .... 
H.  O'Connor,  Grand  Hapids . 
James  A.  Wessel,  St.  Paul. . . 
W.  S.  Vardaman,  Oxford .... 
John  G.  Cashman,  Jackson .  . 
John  E.  Lynch,  St.  Louis, . .  . 
W.  A.  Shelton,  Kansas  City. 

Jos.  L.  Asbridge,  Helena 

Thos.  J.  Flynn,  Omaha 

Jos.  McEachin,  Carson  City . 

Chas.  J.  O'Neill,  Concord 

Albert  BoUschweller,  Trenton 

A.  H.  Hudspeth,  Santa  Fe. . . 
Clayton  L.  Wheeler,  Utlca. .  . 
T.  D.  McCarthy,  N.  Y.  City. 
Jas.  M.  Power,  Brooklyn. . . . 
John  D.  Lynn,  Rochester. . . . 

W.  T.  Dortch,  Raleigh 

Chas.  A.  Webb,  Asheville. . . . 

Stephen  J.  Doyle,  Fargo 

Chas.  W.  Lapp,  Cleveland. . . 
M.  Devanney,  Cincinnati. . . . 

B.  A.  Enloe,  Jr.,  Muskogee.  . 
J.  Q.  Newell,  Oklahoma  City, 

G.  F.  Alexander,  Portland .  ,  , 

F.  J.  Noonan,  Philadelphia. , , 
James  S.  Magee,  Scranton . .  . 
Joseph  Howley.  Pittsburgh., . 
Wm.  R.  Bennett,  San  Juan ,  . 
John  J.  Richards,  Providence, 
James  L.  Sims,  Charleston , . , 

C.  J.  Lyon,  Greenville 

Wm.  Hlckey,  Sioux  Falls,  ,  .  , 
John  R.  Thompson,  Knoxville 
Jonas  T.  Amis,  Nashville.  ,  .  , 
S.  H.  Trezevant,  Memphis. .  , 

G.  W.  Parker,  Dallas 

Jacob  A.  Herring,  Houston.. , 

B.  F.  Sherrell,  Texarkana.   .  . 

John  H.  Rogers,  Austin 

A.  Nebeker,  Salt  Lake  City. . 
A.  P.  Carpenter,  Rutland..  .  . 
John  G.  Saunders,  Richmond. 

T.  G.  Burch,  Martinsville 

J.  F.  McGovern,  SpoKnne. . . . 
John  M.  Boyle,  Tacoma 

C.  E.  Smith,  Parkersburg. .  .  . 
Wm.  Osborne.  Himtington.. . 
S,  W.  Randolph,  Milwaukee. 
Frank  P.  O'Connor,  Madison. 
Daniel  F.  Hudson.  Cheyenne. 


Appointed. 


May  18,  1918 
July  6,  1918 
May  9,  1918 
June  2,  1917 
June  16,  1913 
Jan.  7,  1918 
July  9,  1917 
Jan.  7,  19  IS 
June  22, 1914 
June  22,  1914 
July  6,  1918 
Mar.  14,  1918 
Mar.  15,  1917 
Mar.  2,  1915 
Feb.  20,  1915 
Jan.  4,  1915 
Mar.  6,  1918 
Oct.  5,  1917 
Mar.  3,  1916 
July  22,  1913 
July  22,  1913 
Sept.  11,  1914 
May  4,  1918 
April  28,  1918 
May  14,  1914 
July  6,  1918 
July  14.  1914 
July  6,  1918 
Mar.  21,  1918 
.Tuly  6,  1918 
Mar,  4,  1918 
Jan.  7,  1918 
April  24,  1914 
Dec.  18,  1914 
July  6,  1918 
Jan.  8,  1915 
Feb.  20,  1915 
May  22,  1918 
Mar.  1,  1915 
Mar.  20,  1916 
Feb.  24,  1914 
Feb.  24,  1914 
Aug.  4,  1914 
May  10,  1916 
Jan.  11,  1916 
Jan.  11,  1916 
Mar.  22,  1918 
July  6,  1918 
Dec.  11,  1913 
June  2,  1917 
Jan.  11,  1916 
Mar.  3,  1915 
Mar.  3,  1916 
Jan.  11,  1916 
Jan.  7,  1918 
Jan.  7,  1918 
May  17,  1918 
July  24,  1917 
Mar.  1,  1915 
Aug.  15,  1917' 
Mar.  14,  1918 
Sept.  14,  1917: 
Jan.  7,  1918 
Mar.  14,  1918 
April  2.8,  1914 
Mar.  2,1915 
Jan.  7, 1918 
Mar.  7,  1918 
Jan.  IS,  1916 
June  10,  191S 
April  29,  1914 
Jan.  20,  1915 
Feb.  13,  1915 
July  2,  1918 
Jan.  7,  1918 
May  7,  1917 
April  24,  1917 
Mar.  4,  1918 
May  22,  1918 
April  16,  1618 
April  6,  1918 
Mar.  8,  1918 
Mar.  9,  1918 
Mar.  14,  1918 
April  6,  1918 
Jan.  \S,  1916 
July  21,  1916 
May  14.  13.18 


N..  Northern;  S.,  Southern;  E.,  Eastern;  W.,  Western;  M.,  .vliddle. 


206 


Postmasters  of  Principal  Cities  of  the   United  States. 


UNITED    STATES    ASSISTANT    TREASURERS. 


Sub-Treasttrics.  Assistant  Treasurers. 

Baltimore Robert  G.  Hilton 

Boston Charles  B.  Strecker 

Chicago Robert  I.  Hunt 

Cincinnati . Arthur  Espy 

New  Orleans Wra.  H.  McCleudon 


Sub-Treasuries.  i  •       Assistant  l^reas.uTers. 

New  York Martin  Vogel 

Philadelphia ;  • .John  \i.  Evans 

St.  Louis •. , .  .W.  D.  V.andlver 

San  Frrtdci.sco .Wiilianj  .)   McGee 


SUPERINTENDENTS    OF    MINTS. 

Corson  City. .  (Equipped  as  A.saay  Office) ,  l  Philadelphia Adam  M.  Joyce 

Edward  Rj'an,  Assayer  in  charge     San  Iraiicl.sco Thaddeus  W.  H.  Shanaliaii 

New  Orlean.1 Leonard  Magrudcr  I  nen\'c.- Thom.^.•'  Anneax 

COLLECTORS    OF    CUSTOIVJS    AT    THS    PRINCIPAL    PORTS. 


Port. 

Name  ot  tlollccxoi-. 

Salary . 

85,000 
5,000 
8,000 
4,500 

Pout. 

Name  ot  Collector. 

Salary. 

Portland.  Me     .    ... 

Charles  M.  Sleeper .... 
Herbert  C.  Comings.  .  . 

Edmund  Biilinga 

F.  E.  Fltzslmmons 

San  Francisco,  Cal .  . 
Tampa,  Fla      

J.  O.  Davis   .        . . 

$7,000 
6,000 
4,500 

8t  Albans.  Vt   .    ... 

James  F.  C.  Griggs. .  .  . 
Will  Moore 

Boston,  Mass 

Portland,  Ore 

Seattle,  Wash 

Providence,  R.  I.  . .  . 

Roscoe  M.  Drumhellei 

6.000 

Bridgeport,  Ct 

James  L.  McGovern .  . . 
Henry  Holland 

5,000 
5,000 

Juneau,  Alaska 

Honolulu,  Hawaii .  ,  . 

John  F.  Pii!;li 

4,000 

Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. . . 

M.  A.  Franklin 

5,000 

Rochester,  N.  Y .  .  .  . 

Charles  F.  Rattlgan. . . 

4,500 

Great  Falls.  Mont. .  . 

A.  J.  Khm   

3,500 

Buffalo.  N.  Y 

Chas.  F.  Rattlgan 

6,000 

Pembina,  N.  Dak. 

Alex  Morrl-^ou 

3,500 

New  York,  N.  Y. . .  , 

Byron  R.  Newton 

12,000 

Duluth,  Minn 

Harris  B.mnett 

4,000 

Philadelphia.  Pa ... . 

Wm.  H.  Berry 

8,000 

Minneapolis  and  St. 

Pittsbiu-gh,  Pa 

Geo.  H.  Rowley 

4,500 

Paul,  Minn 

Harrj'  A.  Lund 

4,000 

Baltimore,  Md 

William  P.  Ryan 

7,000 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  .     , 

.\ugust  ]\  1 .  Gavin 

4.500 

Norfolk,  Va 

Norman  R.  Hamilton .  . 

•  5,000 

Detroit,  Mich 

Richard  1 .  y^awson 

6,000 

Wilmington,  N.  C. .. 

Walker  Taylor 

2,500 

Chicago,  ni 

Rivers  McNeili 

7,000 

Charleston   S   C   . 

F   C  Peters    -.  . 

2,500 
.3,000 

Indianapolis,  Ind..  . 
Cleveland,  Ohio ... 

J.as.  H.  Fry 

W.  Burr  Gongwer .... 

4,000 

Savannah,  Ga 

David  C.  BoiTow,  Jr. .  . 

6,000 

Mobile,  Ala 

Jo.s.  H.  Lyons 

3,.500 

Louisville,  Ky 

Presley  S.  Ray 

3,600 

New  Orleans,  La. .  . . 

Murphy  J.  Foster 

7,000 

Memphis,  Tcnn 

George  P.  Woollen  ... 

3,500 

Port  Arthur,  Te.x..  ;. 

Robert  E.  Latimer 

3,000 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Fountain  Uothwell .  . 

6,000 

Galveston,  Tex 

Fred  C.  Pabst 

5,000 

Des  Moines,  Iowa.  . 

Christian  A.  Nlemeyo' 

3,  )00 

El  Paso,  Tex 

Zach.  L.  Cobb 

4,500 

Omaha,  Neb 

Charles  W.  McCune. 

3. 500 

San  Antonio,  Tex... 

Thos.  A.  Colcniiiu 

5,000 

Denver,  Col 

George  E.  Hosmer 

3.500 

Nogalos,  Ariz 

Charles  E.  Hardy 

3.500 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 

Thomas  F.  Thomas. .    . 

2,500 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  .  .  . 

John  B.  lOlliott 

5,000 

San  Juan.  Porto  Rico 

Hayden  L.  Moore 

5,000 

SURVEYORS    OF    CUSTOMS 

Portland,  Me,,  TVm  M.  Ingraham,  S4.500. 
Boston,  Mass.,  J.  A.  Maynard,  85,000. 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  Thomas  E.  Rush,  .S8,000. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Chas.  R.  Kurtz,  S5,000. 


AT    THE    PRINCIPAL    PORTS. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  Guy  W.  Steele.  S4,S00. 
New  Orleans,  La...  John  Mark-i,  .S3, 500. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  John  S.  Irhy,  55,000. 


NAVAL 

Boston,  Mas:i.,  .lohn  B.  Nash,  85,000. 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  H.  Otto  Wittpenu,  SS,000. 
Chicago,  111.,  WillUam  Brown,  .55,000. 
New  Orleans,  Edwin  G.  Hunter.  So.OOO. 

POSTMASTERS    OF    PRINCIPAL 

New  Y"ork,  Thomas  G.  Patten,  1917. 
Chicago,  111..  WUliam  B.  CarlUe,  1917. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Walter  C.  Burton,  191G. 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Colin  M.  Soiph,  1913. 
Boston,  Mass.,  W.  E.  Hurley  (Acting). 
Baltimore,  Md.,  Sherlock  Swann,  1913. 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Charles  W.  Fay,  J  913. 
Clncihuati,  Ohio,  Joel  C.  Clore,  1916. 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  WilUam  J.  Murphy,  1914. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  George  J.  Meyer,  1916. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Alexander  S.  Gufiey,  1916. 
Washington,  D.  C,  Merrltt  O.  Chance,  1915. 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Wm.  J.  Nagel.  1913. 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Fxank  B.  Sciiutz,  1914. 
Newark,  N.  J..  John  F.  Slnnott,  1916. 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  Edward  A.  Purdy,  1914. 
Jersey  City,  N.  J..  Matt  Ely,  1915. 
Louisville.  Ky.,  E.  T.  Schmitt,  1913. 
Omaha,  Neb.,  Cliarles  E.  Fanning,  1916. 
Rochester,  N.  Y.,  George  C.  Staud,  1917.  . 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  Otto  N.  Ratlis,  1915. 
Providence,  R.  I.,  Edward  F.  Carroll,  1917. 
Denver,  Col.,  BenJ.  F.  Stapleton,  1915. 
Indianapolis,  Ind.,  R.  E.  Springsteen,  1913. 
Albany,  N.  Y.,  William  H.  Murray,  1914. 
Columbus,  Ohio,  Samuel  A.  Klnnear,  1914. 


OFFICERS    OF    CUSTOMS. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  W.  Mitchell  Digges,  S5,000 
S.an  Francisco,  Cal..  James  H.  Barry,  So.OOC 


Philadelphia.  Pa..  G.  A.  Reiff.  . 


■1.5,000. 


CITIES    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  John  J.  Kesel,  1913. 
Worcester,  Mass.,  James  F.  Healy,  1918. 
Toledo,  Oliio,  George  F.  Parrlsli,  1915. 
Richmond,  Va.,  Hay  T.  Thornton.  1914. 
New  Haven,  Ct..  Philip  Troup,  1914. 
Nashville.  Tenn.,  Eugene  S.  Shannon,  1914. 
Scrauton,  Pa.,  John  .1.  iDurkin,  1915. 
Fall  River.  Mass.,  James  H.  Hoar,  1916 
Memphis.  Teni\.,  C.  W.  MetcaK,  Jr.,  1914. 
Dayton,  Ohio,  Fonost  L.  May,  1913. 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  James  H;  Burns,  1914. 
Grand  Rapids,  .Mich.,  Charles  E.  Hogadoni-,  1914. 
Reading,  Pa.,  Charles  N-  Seitzinger,  1913. 
Camden,  N.  J.,  Har.-y  M.  Knight,  1913. 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  E.  F.  Hooper,  1914. 
Lynn,  Mass.,  Edmund  S.  Higgins,  1913. 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  Boiling  H.  Jones,  1913. 
Wilmington,  Del.,  James  J.  English.  1913. 
New  Orleans,  La.,  Ciiarles  Janvier,  1916. 
Kansas  Citv,  Mo.,  Baylis  Steele,  1916. 
Philadelohia,  Pa.,  John  A.  Thornton,  1913. 
Charleston,  S.  C.  Jos.  M.  Poulnot,  1913. 
Seattle,  Wash.,  Edgar  Battle.  1913. 
Portland,  Ore..  F.  S.  Meyers.  1913. 
Akron,  Ohio,  A.  Ross  Read,  1914. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Prestdent    ClHl    Service    Cmnmlsston — J.    A. 

Mcllhcnny,  La 34,500 

Civil  Serv,  Cammis.—Chas.  M.  Galloway,  S.  C.  4,000 

Civil  Serv.  Coinmis. — H.  W.  Craven,  Wash 4,000 

CMef  Examiner  Civ.  Ser. — George  R.  Wales,  Vt.  3,500 
Secretary  Civil  Service — John  T.  Doyle,  N.  Y. .  2,600 
TM'imt  of  Congret'S — Herbert  Putnam.  Mass.  .    0,500 


Ass't  Librarian — Appleton  P.  C.  Griffln,  Ma^s. $4,000 

Chief  Clerk — A   R.  Boya,  Pa 2,500 

Secretary — Jessica  L.  Farnum 1,800 

Director  General  Paii-American   Union — John 

Barrett,  111 7,500 

AsH't  Direaor — Francisco  J.  Yancs,  Venez 4,000 

Chirf  acrU — Franklin  Adams,  Cal -3.600 


United  Stales  Railroad  AdminisiroMon. 


W7 


UNITED    STATES    RAILROAD    ADMmiSTRATlON. 

EO.vos  under  Federal  control  August  1,  1918,  giving  name  and  address  oi  the  Regional  Director,  FederiU 
f.lajutger,  and  Corporate  Officer,  to  whom  all  communications  should  be  addressed. 

First  comes  the  name  ol  the  road;  then  the  Regional  Director;  next  the  Federal  Manager,  with  lila 
address;  last,  the  Corporate  Officer,  with  his  address. 


fVlabama    &    Vioksburg — B.    L.    Wiuchell;    E,    H. 

CoaiJmnn.  Washington,  D.  C;  L.  A.  Jones,  Pres., 

New  Orleans. 
Alabama  Great  Soutlieru — B.  L.  Winchell;  E.   H. 

Coapman,  Washiupton,  D.  C;  Fairlax  Harrison, 

Pres.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Ann  ArUor — A.  H.   Smith;   E.    F.   Blomeycr,   G<mi. 

Man.,  Toledo;  Newman  Erb,  Pres.,  New  Yorli. 
AilzoDii  Eastern — ^Hale  Holden;  C.  M.  Scott,  Gen. 

Man.,    Tucson,    Ariz.;    Epes    Randolph,    Pres., 

Tucson,  Ariz. 
AtchLsou,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe — Hale  Hokleii;  \V.  B. 

Storev,  Chicago;  E.  P.  Ripley,  Pres.,  Chicago. 
Atlanta  &  West  Poini — B.  L.  Winchell;  E.  T.  Lnmb, 

Atlanta:  M.  H.  Smith,  Pres.,  Loui,svillc. 
Atlant.i,  Birmingham  &  Atlantic — B.  L.  Winchell; 

E.  T.  Lamb,  Atlain;i;  Brooks  Morgan,  Vice-Pres., 

Atlanta. 
Atlantic    &    St.    Lawrence — A.    H.    Smith;    L.    G. 

Coleman,  Gen.  Man.,  Portland,  Me.;  Howard  G. 

Sellev,  Pres.,  Montreal,  Quebec. 
Atlantic  Citv — A.  H.  Smith;  C.  H.  Ewing,  Philadel- 
phia; A.  T.  Dice,  Pres.,  Philadelphia. 
Atlantic    Coast     Line — B.     L.     Winchell;     Lyman 

Delano,  Wilmington,  N.  C;  J.  R    Kenly,  Pres., 

Wilmington,  N.  C. 
Baltimore,  Chesapeake  &  Atlantic — C.  H.  Markham; 

Elisha   Lee,  Philadelphia;   W.   H.   Myers,  Pres., 

Philadelphia. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Eastern  Region — A.  H.  Smith;  C. 

W.  Galloway,  Cincinnati;  Daniel   Willard,  New 

York. 
Baltimore    &    Ohio      Allegheny     Region — C.     H. 

Markham;  A.  AV.  Thompson,  Baltimore;  Daniel 

WUlard.  New  York. 
Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Southern  Region — B.  L.  Wiiiclicll; 

E.  H     Coapman,    Washington,    D.    C:    Daniel 
Willard,  New  YorU. 

Bangor  &  Aroostook — A.  H.  Smith;  Percy  R.  Todd, 

Gen.  Man.,  Bangor,   Me.;  James  Brown,  Pres., 

New  York. 
Beamnont,  Sour  Lake  &  Western — B.  E.  Bush:  W. 

B.  Scott,  Houston;  l^auk  Andrews,  Pres.,  Houston. 
Bessemer  &   Lake   Erie — C.   H.   Markham;    E.   H. 

Utley,  Gen.  Man.,  Pittsburgh;  J.  H.  Reed,  Pres., 

Pittsburgh. 
Boston   &   Albany — A.   H.   Smith;   H.   M.    Biscoe, 

Boston;  W.  K.  Vauderbilt,  Jr.,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Boston    &    Maine — A.    H.    Smith:    B.    R.    Pollock, 

Boston;  Woodward  Hudson,  Pi-i-s.,  Boston. 
Buffalo  &  Susquehanna — C.  H.   Markham;  A.   M. 

Darlow,    Gen.    Man.,    Buffalo;    E.    R.    Darlow, 

Pres.,  Buffalo. 
Buffalo.  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh — .V.  H.  Smith;  T. 

F.  Brennan,    Gen.    Man.,   Rochester;    Win.   T. 
Noonan,  Pres.,  Rochester. 

Carolina,  Cllnchfield  &  Ohio — B.  L.  Winchell-  E,  H. 

Coapman,  Washington,  D.  C;  Mark  W.  Potter, 

Pres.,  New  York. 
Central  ol  Georgia — B.  L.  Winchell;  W.  A.  Winbm'n, 

Savannah;  A.  R.  Lawton,  Pres..  Savannah. 
Central  New  England — A.  H.  Smith;  E.  J.  Pearson, 

New  Haven;  E.  G.  Buckiand,  Pres.,  New  Haven. 
Central   of  New  Jer.sej' — C    H.   Markham;   C.    H. 

Ewing,   Philadelphia;   W.   G.   Bosler,   Pres.,   New 

York. 
Central  Vermont — A.  H.  Smith;  J.   W.   Wardlaw, 

Gen.  Man.,  St.  Albans,  Vt.;  E.  C.  Smith,  Pres., 

St.  -Albans,  Vt. 
Charleston  &  Western  Carolina— B.  L.  Winchell;  E. 

T.    Lamb,    Atlanta;    J.    R.    Kenly,    Vice-Pres., 

Wilmington,  N.  C. 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio — N.  D.  Malier:  Geo.  W.  Stevens, 

Richmond;  Fmnk  Trumbull,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Chicago    &    Alton— Hale    Holden;    W.    G.    Bierd, 

Chicago;  C.  B.  Seger,  Pres.  Ex.  Com,,  New  York. 
Chicago   &  Eastern   Illinois — Hale  Holden;   AV.    J. 

Jackson,  Chicago;  T.  D.  Heed,  Receiver,  Chicago. 
Chicago  &  Erie— A.   H.  Smith;  A.  J.  Stone,  New 

York:  F.  D.  Underwood,  Pres.,  New  York. 
CUicazo   &  Northwestern — R.   H.    Aishton;    S.    G. 

Strickland,  Chicago;  W.  H.  Finley,  Pres,,  Chicago. 
Ctiicago,  Biu-lington  &  Quincy — Hale  Holden;  C.  G. 

r,u!M!iam,  Chicago;  C.  E.  Perkins,  Pros.,  Chicago. 


Chicago,  Detroit  &  Canada  Grand  Trunk  Junction — 

A.  H.  Smith;  H.  E.  Whitteuberger,  Gen.  Man., 
Chicago;  Howard  G.  Keiley,  Preg.,  Montreal,  Que. 

Chicago  Great  AA'estern — R.  H.  Aishton;  W.  L.  Park, 

Gen.  Man.,  Chicago;  S.  M.  Felton,  Pres.,  Chicago. 
Chicago,  Indianapolis  &  Louisville — A.  H.  Smith;  H. 

C.  -May,  Gen.  Man.,  Chicago;  H.  R.  Kurrie,  Pres., 

Chicago. 
Chicago,  JNliiwaukee  &  St.  Paid — R.  H.  Aishton;  H. 

E.    Byram,    Chicago;    A.    J.    Earllng,    Ch.    Bd., 

Chicago. 
Chicago,  Peoria  &  St.  Louis — Hale  Holden;  W.  G. 

Biwd,  Chicago;  Buford  Wilson,  Pre.s.,  Springfleld, 

111. 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Gulf — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  E. 

Gorman,    Chicago;    A.    C.    Kidgway,    Vice-Pres., 

Chicago. 
Chicago,  Rock   Lsluiid  &  Pacilic,  Central  Western 

Region — Halo  Holden;  J.  E.  Gorman,  Chicago;  A. 

C.  Ridgway,  Vice-Pres.,  Chicago. 
Chicago,     Rock     Island    &    Pacific,     Southwestern 

Region — B.  F.  Bush;  T.  H.  Beacom,  Gen.  Man., 

Chicago:  A.  C.  Ridgway.  Vice-Pres.,  Chicago. 
Chicago,   St.  Paul,   Minneapolis  &  Omaha — R.   H. 

.\ishton;   A.   W.   Trenholm,   St.   Paul;   James  T. 

Clark;  Pres.,  St.  Paul. 
Chicago,  Terre  Haute  &  Southeastern — Hale  Holden; 

V,'.  J.  Jackson,  Chicago;  M.  J.  Carpenter,  Pres., 

Chicago, 
Cincinnati.  Indianapolis  &  Western — A.  H.  Smith; 

B.  A.    Worthlngtou,    Gen.    Man.,    Indianapoli.?; 
John  H.  Hammond,  Pres.,  New  York. 

Cincinnati,   New   Orleans   &   Texas   Pacific — B.   L. 

Winchell;  E.   H.   Coapman,   Washington,  D.   C; 

Fairfax  Harrison,  Pres.,  Riclimond,  Va. 
Cincinnati  Northern — A.  H.  Smith;  E.  M.  Costin, 

Cincinnati;    W.    K.    Vanderbilt,    Jr.,    Vice-Pres., 

New  York. 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Loui? — A.  H. 

Smith;  E.  M.  Costin,  Cincinnati;  W.  K.  Vander- 
bilt, Jr.,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Coal  &  Coke — C.  H.  Markham;  A.  W.  Thomp.son, 

Baltimore;  Chas.  D.  Norton,  Pi'es.,  New  York. 
Colorado  &  Southern — Hale  Holden;  Robert  Rice, 

Gen.  Man.,  Denver;  C.  E.  Perkins,  Pres.,  Chicago. 
Cumberland     Valley — C.     H.     Markham;     A,     W. 

Thompson,  Baltimore;  Thos.  B.  Kennedy,  Asst. 

to  Pres.,  Chamber.sburg,  Pa. 
Delaware  &  Hudson — A.  H.  Smith;  F,  P.  Gutelius, 

Gen.   Man.,  Albany,  N.   Y.;  L.  P.  Loree,  Pres., 

New  York. 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western — A.  H.  Smith;  E. 

M.  Rine,  Gen.  Man.,  New  York;  W.  H.  True,?dale, 

Pres.,  New  York.  < 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande — Hale  Holden:  E.  L.  Brosvn, 

Gen.   Man.,   Denver;   A.    R.    Baldwin,   Receiver, 

Denver. 
Detroit  &  MaclUnac — A.  H.  Smith;  J.  D.  Hawks, 

Gen,    Man.,    Detroit;    H.    K,     McHarg,    Pres., 

Stamford.  Ct. 
Detroit  &  Toledo  Shore  Lint — A.  H.  Smith;  J.  P. 

Main,   Gen.   Man.,   Detroit;   W.   L.   Ross,   Pres., 

Toledo. 
Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee — A.  H.  Smith; 

H.     E.    AVhittenberger,    Gen.    Man.,     Chicago; 

Howard  G.  Keiley,  Pres.,  Montreal,  Quebec. 
Detroit,   Toledo   &   Ironton — A.   H.    Smith;   J.    A. 

Gordon,  Gen.  Man.,  Detroit;   Wm.   C.  Osborn, 

Vice-Pres.,  New  York. 
Duluth  &  Iron  Range — R.  H.  Aisliton;  F.  E.  House, 

Gen.  Man.,  Duluth,  Minn.;  M.  Johnson,  Secretary, 

Duluth,  Minn. 
Duluth,  Missabe  &  Northern — R.  H.  Aishton;  F.  E. 

House,     Gen.     Man.,     Duluth,     Minn.;     W,   A. 

McConagle,  Pres.,  Duluth,  Minn. 
Duluth,  South  Shore  &  Atlantic— R.  H.  Aishton;  G. 

R.    Huntington,    MinneapoUs;    A.    B.    Eldredge, 

Pres.,  Marquette.  Mich, 
Elgin,    Joliet    &    Eastern — R.    H.    Aishton;    is.    M. 

Rogers,  Gen.  Man.,  Chicago;  A.  F.  Bank?,  Pres., 

Chicago.  ^ 

El    Paso    &    Southwestern — Hale    Holden:    G.    F. 

Hawks,    G^n.    Man.,    El    Paso,    Tex.:    T.    M. 

Schumacher,  Pres.,  New  York. 


208 


United  States  Railroad  Administration — Continued, 


Erie— A.  H.  Smith;  A.  J.  Stone,  New  York;  F.  D. 

Underwood,  Prea.,  New  York. 
Florida  East  Coast — B.  L.  Winchell;  J.  P.  Beckwith, 

Gen.  Man.,  St.  Augustine,  Fla.;  W.  H.  Beavdslcy, 

Prea.,  New  York. 
Fort   Worth   &   Denver   City — B.    F.   Bush;   J.    S. 

Pyeatt,  Dallas,  Tex.;  D.   B.   Keeler,  Viue-Prcs., 

Fort  Worth,  Tex. 
Fort  Worth  &  Rio  Grande — B.  F.  Bush:  J.  S.  Pyeatt, 

Dallas,  Tex.;  W.  B.  Biddlo,  Pres.,  St.  Louis. 
Galveston,  Haniaburg  &  San  .\ntonio — B.  F.  Bash; 

W.    B.    Scott,    Houston;    C.    K.    DuiUaii,    I'rcs., 

Houston. 
Georgia     Railroad     Lessee     Organization — H.      L. 

Winchell;  E.  T.  Lamb,  Atlanta;  Henry  ^V:^lter.^!, 

Pres.,  New  York. 
Geoi-gia  Southern  &  Florida— B.  L.  Winchell;  E.  H. 

Coapman,  Washington,  D.  C;  Fali'fax  Harrison, 

Pres.,  Richmond,  Va. 
Grand   Rapids   &   Indiana— .\.   H.   Smith;    W.   J?, 

Wood,  Gen.   Man.,   Grand   Rapids,  Mich.;   J.  J. 

Turner,  Pres.,  Phlladelpiiia. 
Grand  Trunk  Western — A.  il.  Sraitli;  H.  E.  AVhittcu- 

berger.  Gen.  Man.,  Chlc:igo;  Howard  G.  Keiley, 

Pi'ea.,  Montreal,  Que.  i 

Great  Northern — R.  H.  Alslitou;  W.  P.  Kenncy,  St. 

Paul;  R.  Budd,  Vlce-Prcs.,  St.  Paul. 
Gulf  (fe  Ship  Island — B.  L.  Winchell;  C,  M.  Kittle, 

Chicago;  Mrs.  M.  B.  Jones,  Pres.,  Buffalo. 
Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  Fe — B.  F.  Bush;- J.  S.  Pyef  tt, 

Dallas;  E.  P.  Rmley,  Pres.,  Chicago. 
Gull,  Mobile  &  Northern— B.  L.  AVlnchell;  K.  V. 

Taylor,   Mobile,   Ala.;   Jolvn  W.   Flatten,   Pros.,- 

New  York. 
Hocking  Valley — A.  H.  Smith;  M.  S.  Conuora,  Gen. 

Man.,    Columbus,    O.;    Frank    Trumbull,    Pres.; 

New  York.  I 

Houston  &  Texas  Central — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  S.  PyeatiJ 

Dallas;  C.  K.  Dunlap,  Pres.,  Houston. 
Houston,  East  &  West  Texas — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  A. 

Edsou,  Kansas  City;  C.  K.  Dunlap,  Pres.,  Houston. 
Hudson    &   Manhattan — C.    H.    Markham;    K.    B. 

Conger,    Gen.    Man.,    New    York;    W.    C.    Fisk, 

Pres.,  New  York. 
Illinois    Central,    Central    Westem    Region — Hale 

Holden — C.  M.  Kittle,  Chicago;  A.  S.  Baldwin, 

Vlce-Pres.,  Chicago. 
llUnois  Central,  Southern  Region — B.  L.  AVlnchell; 

C.  M.  Kittle,  Chicago;  A.  S.  Baldwin,  Vice-Pro.s., 

Chicago. 
International  &  Great  Norlhern — B.  F.  Bu.sh;  J.  S. 

Pyeatt  (Spring  to  Fort  AVorth  and  Madisonvillo 

Br.),  Dallas;  James  A.  Baker,  Receiver,  Houston.' 
International  &  Great  Northern — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  L. 

Lancaster  (Excl.  line  Spring  to  Fort  Wortli  and 

MadisonviUe    Br.),     Dallas;     James     A.     Baker, 

Receiver,  Houston. 
Kanawha  &  Micliigan — A.  U.  Smith;  F.  B.  Slu-ldon, 

Gen.  Man.,  CoUunbus,  O.;  A\'.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Jr., 

Pres.,  New  York. 
Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orient- — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  A. 

Edsou,    Kansas    City;    R.    J.    McCarty,    Pres., 

Kansas  City. 
Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orient  of  Texas — B.  !•'.  Bu,sh; 

A.   DeBernadi,   Gen.   Man.,  Kansas  City;   H.   .). 

McCarty,  Pres.,  Kansas  City. 
Kansas  City  Southern — B.  F.  Bu.sh;  J.  A.  Edsou, 

Kansas  City;  R.  J.  McCarty,  Vice-Prcs.,  Kansas 

City. 
LaJce  Erie  &  Western — A.  H.  Smith;  H.  A.  Boomer, 

Gen.  Man.,  Indianapolis;  W.  K.  VanderlMlt,  Jr., 

Vlce-Pres.,  New  Y'ork. 
Lehigh    &    Hudson    River — A.    H.    Smith;    Mon-is 

Rutherfm-d,  Gen.  Man.,  AVarwick,  N.  Y.;  Lewis  A . 

Riley,  Pres.,  Phlladelpiiia. 
Lehigh  &  New  England- A.  H.   Smith;   Rolliu  H. 

Wilbur,  Gen.  Man.,  Philadelphia;  S.  D.  Warriiier; 

Pres.,  Philadelphia. 
Lehigh  Valley — A.  H.  Smith;  F.  L.  Blendinger,  Gen, 

Man.,  New  York;  E.  E.  Loonris,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Long  Island — C.  H.  Markham;  Ralph  Peters,  New 

York;  Samuel  Rea,  Pres.,  Philadelphia. 
Los   Angeles    &    Salt    Lake — Hale    Holden;    E.    E. 

Calvin,  Omaha,  Neb.;  J.  Rosa  Clark,  Vice-Prcs.. 

Los  Angeles. 
Louisiana  &  Arkausa.s — B.  F.  Bush;  A.  Robertsoj;, 

St.  Louis;  Wni.  Buchanan,  Pres.,  Texarkana,  Tex. 
Louisiana    Railway    and    Navigation    Co.,    South- 
western Region —  B.   F.   Bush;  J.   L.  I.,ancaster. 
Dallas:  J.  .t.   Tippin,  Kocretary,  ,Shroveport,  I.a. 


Louisiana  Railway  and ,  Navigation  Co.,  Southern 

Region — B.  L.  AVlncheU;  C.  M.  Kittle,  Chicago; 

J.  J.  Tii)pln,  Secretary,  Shieveport,  La. 
Louisiana    Western — B.    1^.    Bush;    W.    )}.    ,Six)tt, 

Houston;  C.  K.  Dunlap,  Pres.,  Houston. 
LouisviUe    &    NasiiviUe — B.    L.    AVlnchell;    W.    L. 

Mapotlicr,    Louisville;    Milton    H.    Smith,    Pree., 

Loul.s\  illc. 
Louisville,  Hendersuii  &  St.  Louis — B.  L.  V/iuehell; 

W.   L.   Mapotlicr,   Trf>uLsville;  Milton  H.   .Smith, 

Pres.,  Louisville. 
Maine  Central — A.  H.  Smith;  D.  C.  Doupl:ii,s.  Geu, 

Man.,  Portland,   Me.;  Morrl.s  McDonald?,  Pres., 

Portland,  Me. 
Mai-ylaud,  Delaware  &  Vii'giniiV — C.  H.  ^iarkUam; 

ElLsha   Lee,    PhiU<lelohia;   AV.   H.    Myers:,    Pres., 

Philadelphia. 
Michigan   Centra! — .\.   H.   Smith;   E.    D.    brouuer, 

Detroit;  W.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Jr.,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Midland  Valley — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  A.  Edson,  Kansas 

City;  A.  AV.  Lcfeber,  Vice-Pres.,  Muskogee,  Okla. 
Mineral  Range — H.  H.  Aishton;  G.  R.  Huntington, 

Minneapohs;   A.   B.   EldiedKC,  Pres.,   Marquette, 

iMich. 
MinneapoU.s  &  Si.  Louis — R.  H.  Alshtorir  W.  H. 

Bremner,  Gen.  Man.,  Minneapolis;  Cbas.  Haydeu, 

Ch.  Bd.,  New  York. 
Minneapolis,  St.  P;iu.l  &  S.  S.  Marie — R.  H.  Aishtou; 

G.  R.  Huntington,  Minneapolis;  E.  Pennington, 

Pres.,  Minneapolis. 
Minnesota  &  International — R.  H.  Aishton;  W.  H. 

Gemraeil,  Gen.  Man.,  Braiuerd,  Minn. 
Jllssomi,  Kansas  &  Texas — B.  F.  Bush;  L.  Kramer, 

St.  Louis;  C.  E.  Scliaft,  Receiver,  St.  Louis. 
Missomi,   Kansas  &  Texas   Railway   Company   of 

Texas — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  L.  Lancaster  (Trinity  Br.), 

Dallas;  C.  E.  Sclrnfl,  Receiver,  St.  Louis. 
Missouri,   Kansas  &  Texas  Itailway   Company  of 

Texas— B.  F.  Bush;  J.  S.  Pyeatt  (Excl.  Trinity 

Br.),  Dallas;  C.  E.  Schaff,  Receiver,  St.  Louis. 
Missomi   Pactllc — B.    F.   Bash;   A.   Robertson,   St. 

Louis;  Harry  Bronner,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Mobile   &   Ohio— B.   L.    Winchell;   R.   V.    Taylor, 

Mobile;  Fairfax  Harrison,  Pres.,  Richmond. 
Monong;iliela — C.  n.  Markham;  J.  B.  Yolie,  Geu. 

iVlau.,  Pit.tsbui'gh;  Col.  J.  M.  Schoonmaker.  Pres., 

I'lttsbuigh. 
Morgan's  I,oulslana  &  Texas  R.  R.  &  S.  S.  Oo. — ^B. 

I''.  Bush;  AV.  B.  .Scott,  Houston;  C.  K.  Dunlap, 

Pre.>..  HoiLston. 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis — B.  L.  AA'incheU: 

AV.  L.  Mapother,  Louisville;  John  Howe  Payton, 

Pres.,  NavShviUe. 
New  Orleans  &  Northeastern — B.  I,.  Winchoil;  E.  H. 

Coapman,  Washington,  D.  C;  Fairfax  Harrison, 

Pres.,  Riclunoud. 
New  Orleans  Grea'.  Northern — B.  L.  Wiuchcll;  C. 

M.   Kittle,    Chicago;   W.   E.    Farris,    Vice-Pres., 

New  Orleans. 
New  Orleans,  Texas  &  Mexico — B.  F.  Bush;  AV.  B. 

Scott,  Houston;  Frank  Andrews,  Pres.,  Houston. 
New  York  Central — A.  H.  Smith;  P.  E.  O'rowley, 

New  York;  W.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Jr.,  Pres.,  New  York. 
New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis — A.  H.  Smith;  J.  J 

Bernet,     Gen.     Man.,     Cleveland;     O,     P.    Vai. 

Sweringen,  Pres.,  Cleveland. 
New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford — A.  H.  Smith; 

E.  J.  Pearson,  Now  Haven;  E.  G.  Bucklani,  Pres., 

New  Haven. 
New  York,  Ontario  &  Western— A.  H.  Smii!.;  J.  H. 

Nuelle,  Geu.  Man.,  Mlddletown,  N    Y.;  .lohii  B. 

Ken-,  Pres.,  Nexv  York. 
New  Yor'K,  Pliiladelpiiia  &  Norfolk — C.  H.  Markham ; 

Elislia   Lee,   Pliiladclphia;  AA'.  A.  Patton.    Pret., 

Phiisdelphia. 
New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western — A.  11.  Smith; 

A.  J.  Stone,  New  York;  F.  D.  Underwooti,  Pres., 

New  York. 
Norfolk  &  AVesteru — N.  D.  Maher;  A.  C.  Needles. 

Roanoke,  Va.;  L.  E.  .Johnson,  Pres.,  Philadelphia. 
Norfolk  <&  Southein— B.  L.  AVinchell;  J.  H.  Young, 

Norfolk,  Va.;  R.  H.  Swartout,  Pres.,  New  A'ork. 
N'orthern  Pacific — R.  H.  Aishton;  J.  M.  Haunaford, 

St.  Paul;  Howard  Elliott,  Ch.  Ex.  Com.,  Nev/  York, 
.^ortli western  Pacific — Hale  Holden;  W.  S.  J'almer, 

Gen.  Man.,  San  Francisco,  W.  S.  Palmer,  Pros., 

San  Fi'ancisco. 
Oregon   Short   Line — Hale  Hotden;    E.    E.    f'aivin, 

Om.'sjia;  ("!.  r>.  i<r";c-T.  !':vs.,  .\'i-\v  Yorl;. 


Auiomobile  Death  Rate  in  Big  Cities. 


W9 


UNITED   STATES  RAIJLROAD  ADMINISTRATION — Conti'mied. 


Oregoii-Washlngtoa    R.    R.    &    Nav.    Co. — R.    H. 
,    Alshton;  J.  P.  O'Brien,  Gen.  Man.,  Portliind,  Ore.; 

C.  B.  Seger.Prcs.,  New  Yoi-k. 
i'auhandle  &  Santa  Fe-^Hale  Hokleii;  W.  B.  Storey, 
'    Chicago;  E.  P.  RiiJley,  Pres.,  Cliicago. 
Pennsylvania  Co.,  West. — A.  H.  Smltli;  G.  L..  Peck, 

Pjttsbiu'gli;  Samuel  Ren,  Pres.,  Pliiiadelpliia. 
Pennsylvania — C.  H.  Markliam;  Eiishi!   Lee,  PhlUi- 

delpnla;  Samuel  Rea,  Pres.,  Pliiladelyliia. 
Pere  Marquette — A.  H.  Smith;  F.  H.  Alfred,  Detroit; 

E.  N.  Brown,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Philadelphia  &  Reading— 0.   H.   Markham;   C.   H. 

Ewing,   Philadelphia;   A.   T.   Dice,   Pres.,  Phila- 
delphia. 
Pittsburgh  &   Lake  Erie— C.   H.   Markliam;   J.   B. 

Yohe,  Gen.  Man.,  Pittsburgh;  W.  K.  Vandcrbilt, 

Jr.,  Vice-Pres.,  New  York. 
Pittsburgh  &  Shawmut — A.  H.  Smith;  Dwight  C. 

Morgan,  Gen.  Man.,  Kittauning,  Pa.;  Edwiu  E. 

Talt,  Pres.,  Pittsbiu-gli. 
Pittsbui-gh  &  Wejit  Vu-giuia- A.  II.  Smith;  H.  E. 

Farrell,  Pres.,  Pittsl)urgh. 
I'ittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  Cliicigo  &  St.  Lotiis — A.  H. 

Smith;    G.    L.    Peck,    l^ittsburgh;    Samuel    Ron, 

Pres.,  Philadelphia. 
Port  Reading — A.  H.  Smith;  C.  H.  Ewing.  Phila- 
delphia; A.  T.  Dice,  Free.,  Philadelphia. 
Kichmond,     Fredericksburs;     &    .Potomac — B.     L. 

Wlnchell;   \V.  D.  Duke,  Gen.   Man.,  Richmond; 

Wm.  H.  White,  Pre.s.,  Richmond. 
Rutland— A.  H.  Smith;  G.  T.  Jarvis,  Gen.  Man., 

Rutland,  Vt.;  Howard  Elliott,  Pre,'?.,  New  York. 
St.   Joseph  &  Grand   Island — Hale  Ilolden;   E.    E. 

Calvin,    Omaha;    C.    B.    Seger,    Ch.    Ex.    Com., 

New  York. 
St.  Louis,  Brownsville  &  Mexico — B.  F.  Bush;  W.  B. 

Scott,  Houston;  Frank  -Vudrews,  Preg^  Houston. 
St.  Louls-San  Francisco,  Sotithwcrtern   Region— -B. 

F.  Bush;  L.  Kramer,  St.  Louis;  Heury  Rhiilondcr, 
Pres.,  New  York. 

St.   Louis-San   Francisco.   Southern    Region — B.    L. 

Wlnchell;  E.  T.  Lamb,  Atlanta;,Hciiry  Rluilender, 

Pres.,  New  York. 
St.  Louis,  San  Francisco  &  Texas — B.  F.  Busli;  J.  s, 

Pyeatt,  Dallas;  W.  B.  Biddle,  Pres.,  St.  I>ouis. 
St.  Louis  Southwestern — B.  F.  Bush;  A.  Robertson, 

St.  Louis;  J.  M.  Herbert,  Pres.,  St.  Louis. 
St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway  Co.  ot  Texa^s — B.  F. 

Bush;  J.   L.   Lancaster,   Dallas;   J.   M.   Herbert, 

P»'es.,  St.  Louis. 
San  Antonio  &  Aransa.s  Pass — B.  F.  Btish;  W.  B. 

Scott,  Houston;  W.  H.  Mclntyre,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Seaboard  AU*  Line — B.  L.  Wlnchell;  W.  J.  Harahan, 

Norfolk,    Va.;    S.    D.    Warfleld,    Ch.    Bd.    Dh-., 

Baltimore. 
Soutlieru   Paclflc   Co.,    Centi'al   AVestern    Region — 

Hale  Holden;   W.   R.   Scott,   San   Francisco;   J. 

Kruttechnltt,  Pres.,  New  York. 
Southern  Paclllc  Co.,  Southwestern  Region — B.  F. 

Bush;    W.    B.    Scott,   Houston;   J.    Kruttschnltt, 

Pres.,  New  York. 
Southern  Pacific  Co.,  Northwestern  Region — R.  H. 

Aishtou;  J.  P.  O'Brien,  Portland,  Ore.;  J.  Krutt- 

sclmltt,'  Pres.,  Nev/  York. 


Southern — B.  L.  Wlnchell;  E.  H.  Coapmaii    Wash- 
ington, D.  C;  Fau-fax  Harrison,  Pres.,  Ric^imond. 
Southern,    In    Mississippi — B.    L.    Wlnchell;    R.    V. 

Taylor,  IMobile;  Fairfax  Harrison,  Pres.,  Richmond. 
Spokane     International — R.     H.     Aishtou;     E.   S. 

McPherson,  Vice-Pres.,  Spokane,  Wash. 
Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle — R.  H.  Aishtur;  A.  3. 

Davidson,    Gen.    Man.,    Portland,    Ore.;    W.    S. 

Turner,  Pres.,  Portland,  Ore. 
Stateu  Island  Rapid  Transit — C.  H.  Marjfiu-.ru:  A. 

W.  Thompson,  Baltimore;  Daniel  WiUarO.  .Pres., 

New  York. 
Tenne.ssee  Central — B.  L.  WincheH;  W.  L.  Mtipother, 

Louisville;  W.  IC.  McAUster,  Receiver,  Nashville. 
Texarkaua  &  Fort  Smith — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  A.  Edson, 

Kansas  City;  R.  J.  McCarty.  Pres.,  Kansas  City. 
Texas  &  New  Orleans — B.  F.  Bush;  W.  B.  Scott, 

Houston;  C.  K.  Dunlap,  Pres.,  Houstoi'. 
Texas  &  Pacific — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  L.  Lancasi,er.  Dallae, 

C.  L.  Wallace,  Pres.,  New  Orleans. 
Toledo  &  Ohio  Centra! — A.  H.  Smith:  F.  B.  Sheldon, 

Gen.  Man.,  Columbus,  O.;  W.  K.  Vanderbilt,  Jr., 

Vice-Pres.,  New  York. 
Toledo,   Peoria   &    Western — Hale   Holden;   C.   G. 

Buruham,  Clilcago;  E.  N.  Armstrong,  Receiver, 

Peoria,  111. 
Toledo,  St.  Louis  S-.  Western — A.  H.  Smith;  B.  C. 

Stevenson,    Gen.   Man.,   Toledo,   O.;   W^alter   L. 

Ross,  Pres.,  Toledo,  O. 
Ulster  &  Delaware — A.  H.  Smith;  Richard  O'SuUivan, 

Gen.  Man.,  Kingston,  N.  Y.;  Edward  Coykendall, 

Pres.,  Kingston,  N.  Y. 
Union  Pacific — Rale  Holden;  E.  E.  CalvlD;  Omaha; 

C.  B.  Seger.  Preti.,  New  York. 

Vicksburg.  Slueveport  &  Pacific — x5.  F.  Bush;  J.  A. 

ndiou,  Kansas  City;  Larz  A.  Jones,  Pres.,  New 

Orleans. 
Virginian — N.  D.  Maher;  J.  H.  Young,  Nortolk;  C- 

W.  Himtlugtou,  Pres.,  New  York. 
W^abash,    Eastern    Region — A.    H.    Smith;    .J.    E. 

Taussig,  Gen.  Man.,  St.  Louis;   W.  H.  Williams, 

Cli.  Bd.,  New  York. 
Wabash,  Central  Western  Region — Hale  Holden;  J. 

E.  Taussig,  Gen.  Man.,  St.  Louis;  W.  H.  Williams, 

Ch.  Bd.,  New  York. 
Washington-Southern — B.  L.  Winchell;  W.  D.  Duke, 

Gen.    Man.,    Richmond;   Wm.    H.    White,    Pres., 

Richmond. 
Western     Maryland-^— C.     H.     Markham;     A.     W. 

Thompson,    Baltimore;    Lawrence    Greer,    Pres., 

New  York. 
Western   Pacific — Hale  Holden;   W.   R.   Scott.  San 

Francisco;  C.  M.  T^evey,  Pres.,  San  Francisoo. 
Western  Railway  of  Alabama — B.  L.  Winchell;  E. 

T.  L.amb,  Atlanta;  M.  H.  Smith,  Prea.,  Louisville. 
West  .Tersey  &  Seashore — C.  H.  Markham;  Elisha 

Lee,  Philadelphia;  Samuel  Rea,  Pres.,  Phlla'iolphia. 
Wlieeling    &    Lake    Erie — A.    H.    Smith;    H.    W. 

McMaster,  Gen.  Man.,  Clcvelfind;  W,  M.  i)uncaD, 

Pres.,  Clevela.nd. 
Wichita  Falls  &  Northwestern — B.  F.  Bu.sli;  i.  8. 

Pye.itt,  Dallas;  C.  E.  Schaff,  Receiver,  St.  Louie. 
Wichita  Valley — B.  F.  Bush;  J.  S.  Pyeatt,  )>aHas; 

D.  B.  Keeler,  Vice-Pres.,  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 
Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Valley— B.  L.  Winohel);  C.  M. 

Kittle,  Cliicago;  A.  S.  Baldwin,  Vice-Pre«.,  Chicago. 


KORSE-POWER    ENERGY    OF    STALLING    WATER. 

Two  cubic  leet  ot  water,  whicli  weigh  125  pounds,  by  falling  6  feet  produce  1  horse-power  oS  energy. 
Falling  water  in  early  days  was  used  to  tui-ii  water-wheels  to  operate  chiefly  flour  mills.  Now  tlie  f.illing 
water  is  guided  by  concrete  penstocks  to  turbines,  which  whirl  electric  generators,  and  the  norsopower 
thus  developed  In  electric  cureent  is  transmitted  hundreds  of  miles  over  copper  wires  to  cities  and  tovjns 
to  operate  manufacturing  plants  and  street  railways,  and  furnish  Ught  and  heat.  They  axe  kr.own  as 
hydro-electric  plants.  It  was  the  introduction  of  the  turbine  water  wheel  In  about  1835  that  started  the 
utilization  of  the  flow  of  streams  for  mechanical  purjioses.  But  not  until  the  alternating  current  nystero 
for  the  transmission  of  electrical  energy  was  introduced  in  the  early  nineties,  and  the  discovery  of  electrical 
transmission  of  power  over  long  distances,  did  the  development  of  water  power  become  one  of  ttie  great 
factorn  in  Industrial  life.  There  is  estimated  to  be,  by  Government  and  other  atithoritlea,  30,000,000  to 
64,000,000  potential  horse-power  in  the  streams  on  the  United  States  public  domain.  Figures  taken  from 
the  Geological  Survey  show  that  77  per  cent,  of  the  total  potential  water  horse-power  of  the  United  States 
is  so  located  as  to  require  Federal  permits;  of  the  -16,913,200  water  horso-power  in  the  country  requiring 
Federal  permits,  3.9  Is  developed,  while  of  the  13,800,000  not  requiring  Federal  permits  25.2  per  cent.  Is 
developed. 

AUTOMOBILE    DEATH    RATE    IN    BIO    CITIES. 

Thk  following  figures,  compiled  from  the  Economic  World,  show  the  experience  of  leading  Insurance 
fjompanies  in  death  rate  per  100,000  population  due  to  automobile  accidents:  Los  Angeles,  17.0;  l^ietroit, 
13.9;  San  Francisco,  13.0;  Newark,  13.4,  Buffalo,  12.2;  Providence,  10.2;  Cliicago,  10.0;  Washington,  9.9; 
PJ'iladelpliia,  9.6;  Pittsburgh,  9.1;  St.  Louis,  9.1:  t*n  I.irppirT  cities  combined,  8.3;  New  York,  8.3:  i'ostOD, 
«■  ;:  Oevefnnrt,  0.0:  Baltimore.  5.1. 


210 


state  Railroad  and  Public  Service  Commissioners, 


STATE    RAILROAD    AND    PUBLIC    SERVICE    COMMISSIONERS. 

(As  of  date  of  September  13,  1918.) 
UNITED    STATES   INTERSTATE    COMMERCE   COMMISSION. 
(Expiration  of  term  follows  names.) 
VVintlirop  M.  Daniels,  Chainnan,  1923;  J.imes  S.  Harlan,  Commissioner,  1918;  Edgar  E.  Clark,  Com- 
missioner, 1919;  Robert  W.  Wooley,  Commisslonpr,  1920;  Henry  .C.  Hall,  Commissioner,  1921;  Charles  C. 
McChord,  Commissioner,  1922;  B.  H.  Meyer,   Commissioner,   1921;   Clyde  B.  Aitcheson,  Commissioner, 
1921;  George  W.  Anderson,  Commissioner,   1922;  George  JJ.  McGlnty,  Secretary. 


ALABAMA    Public   Service    Commission — Sam    P. 

Kennedy,  President;  B.  H.  Cooper,  S.  P.  Gaillard: 

Attieus  Mullin,  Secretary. 
ARIZONA  Corporation  Commission — F.  A.  Jone.s, 

Cliairman;  A.  A.  Belts,  A.  W.  Cole;  Margaret 

Aepli,  Acting  Secretary. 
ARKANSAS  Railroad  Commis.siou — T.  E.  Woods, 

Cliairman;  W.  G.  Brasher,  H.  K.  Wilson;  .7.  B. 

Dunlap,  Secretary. 
CiVLlFORNIA    Railroad    Commission — Edwin    o. 

Edgerton,    President;    H.     D.     Lovelaud,     Alex. 

Gordon,  Frank  R.  Devlin;  R.  A.  Pab.st,  A.sst.  Sec 
COLORADO  Public  Utilities  Commission — George 

T.  Bradley,  Chairman;  Leroy  J.  Williams,  A.  T. 

Anderson;  George  Flannlgan,  Secretary. 
CONNECTICUT    Public    Utilities    Commission — 

Richard  T.  Hlggins,  Chairman;  Cliarles  C.  Elwell, 

Joseph  W.  Alsop;  Henry  F.  Billings,  Secretary. 
FLORIDA  Railroad  Commission — R.  Hudson  Uuir, 

Chairman;  H.  N.  Blitch,  R.  C.  Dunn;  Lewis  G. 

Thompson,  Secretary. 
GEORGIA  Railroad  Commission — C.  M.   Candler. 

Chairman;  George  HUlyor,  Vice-Chairman;  Paul 

B.  Trammel,  James  A.  Perry,  John  T.  Boifeuillet: 
Albert  Collier,  Secretary. 

IDAHO  Public  Utilities  Commission — Jolm  AV. 
Graham,  President;  A.  L.  Freehater,  George  E. 
Erb;  E.  G.  Gallet,  Secretary. 

ILLINOIS  State  Public  Utilities  Commission- 
Thomas  E.  Dempcy,  Chairman;  Walter  A.  Shaw, 
Patrick  Lucey,  Frank  H.  Fimk,  Fred  E.  Sterling ; 
R.  Allan  Stephens,  Secretary. 

INDIANA  Public  Service  Commission — E.  I.  Lewis, 
Chairman;  Charles  A.  Edwards,  Edwin  Corr,  J. 
W.  McCardle,   Paul  P.  Hayues;   Carl  H.   Mot, 

IOWA  Board  of  RaUroad  Commissiouei-s — Dwight 

N.   Lewis,   Chainnan;   Jolin   A.   GuUier,    Charles 

Webster;  George  L.  McCatighan,  Secretarj-. 
KANSAS    Public    Utilities    Commission— John    M. 

IClnkel,    Chairman;    C.    K.    Foley,    Charles    H. 

Sessions;  Carl  W.  Moore,  Secretary. 
KENTUCKY   RaiU-oad   Commission — Laurence   B. 

Finn,    Chairman;    H.    Green    Garrett,    Sid    T. 

Douthitt;  Richard  Tobln,  Secretary. 
LOUISIANA  Raih-oad  Commission— Shelby  Ta.^lor, 

Chairman;  B.  A.  Bridges,  John  T.  Michel;  Henry 

Jastremski,  Secretary. 
MAINE  Public  Utilities  Commission — Benjamin  F. 

Cleaves,  Chairman;  William  B.  Skelton,  John  E. 

Bunker;  George  F.  Giddings,  C'lerk. 
MARYLAND   Public   Service   Commission — Albert 

G.  Towers,  Chairman;  John  M.  Reifsuider,  James 

C.  Legg;  B.  T.  Fendall,  Secretary. 
MASSACHUSETTS  PubUc  Service   Commission- 
Frederick    J.    MacLeod,    Cliah-mau;     Everett    E. 
Stone,  Joseph  B.  Eastman;  Andrew  A.  Highlands, 
Secretary;  Charles  E.  Mann,  Executive  Secretary. 

MICHIGAN  Railroad  Commission — C.  L.  Gln.sgow, 

Chairman;  C.  S.  Cunningham,  A.  A.  Keiser:   Will 

H.  Brunson,  Secretary. 
MINNESOTA  Raih'oad  and  Warehouse  Commission 

— Ira   B.   MUls,   Chairman;   O.   P.   B.   Jacobson, 

Fred  W.  Putnam;  A.  C.  Clausen,  Secretary. 
MISSISSIPPI      Railroad      Commission  —  F.      M. 

Sheppard,  President;  George  R.  Edwards,  W.  B. 

Wilson;  James  Galceran,  Secretary. 
MISSOURI  Public  Service  Commission— William  G. 

Busby,  Chairman;  Edwin  J.  Bean,  David  E.  Blair, 

Noah  Simpson,   lOdward  Flad;  T.  M.  Bradbury, 

Secretary. 
MONTANA  Railroad  and  Public  Service  Commission 

— Daniel   Boyle,    Chairman;    J.    H.    Hall,    J.    E. 

]McC;ormlck;  Charles  P.  Cotler,  Secretary, 
NEBR.^SKA  State  Railway  Commission — Thomas 

L.  Hall,  Chau-man;  H.  G.  Taylor,  V.  r;.  AVUsou; 

-T.  A.  Browne,  Secretary. 
NE\  ADA  Railroad  and  Public  Service  Commission 

— .1.    F.    Shauglmessy,    First    Associate;    W.    H. 

SiiiiiQons,     Second     Associate;     E.     H.     AValKci-, 

Societary  a.nd  Rate  Expert. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE  PubUc  Service  Commission- 
Edward  C.  Niles,  Chairman;  Thomas  W.  D. 
Vi'ortlien,  William  T.  Gunnison;  Walter  H.  Tlmm, 
Cleric. 

NEW  JERSEY  Board  of  Public  Utility  Commia- 
sioner.s — Jolin  AV.  Slocum,  President;  Alfred  S. 
March,  George  F.  Wright;  Alfred  N.  Barber,  Sec. 

NEW  MEXICO  State  Corporation  Commission — 
Matthew  S.  Groves,  Chairman;  Hugh  H.  Williams, 
Bonifacio  Montoya;  Edwin  F.  Coard,  Clerk. 

NEW  YORK  Public  Service  Commission,  First 
District — Charles  Bulkley  Hubbell,  Chau-man; 
Travis  H.  AA'hituey,  Charles  S.  Hervey,  F.  J.  H. 
Kracke,  Samuel  11.  Ordway;  James  B.  Walker, 
Secretary. 

NEW  YORK  Public  Service  (flommission,  Second 
District — Charles     B.     Hill,  '  Chairman:     Frank 

.  Irvine,  John  A.  Barhitc,  Thomas  F.  Feunell, 
./erome  L.  Cheney;  Ledyard  P.  Hale,  Counsel; 
Francis  X.  Disney,  .Secretary. 

NORTH  CAROLINA  Corporation  Commission— 
W.  T.  Lee,  Chairman;  George  P.  Pell,  A.  J. 
Maxwell;  J.  S.  Grimn,  Clerk. 

NORTH  DAKOTA  Board  of  Railroad  Commis- 
sioners— S.  J.  Aaudahl,  C'liiiirmau;  C.  liA'.  Bleick, 
M.  P.  Johnson;  J.  H.  Calderhead,  Secretary. 

OHIO  Public  Utilities  Commission — Charles  C. 
Marshall,  Chairman;  Beecher  W.  Waltermire, 
B.vron  M.  ClenDening;  H.  L.  Goodbread,  Sec. 

OKLAHOMA  Corporation  Commission — W.  D. 
Humphrey,  Chairman;  Campbell  Russell,  Art  L. 
Walker;  J.  H.  Hyde,  Secretary. 

OREGON  Public  Service  Commission — F.  J.  Miller, 
Chairman;  H.  H.  Corey,  F.  G.  Butchel;  Ed. 
A\'ight.  Secretary. 

PEN-''SYLVANIA  Public  Service  Commission — W. 

D.  J.  Ainey,  Chairman;  Michael  J.  Ryan,  Harold 
M.  McClure,  John  S.  Rilling,  William  A.  Magee, 
Milton  J.  Brecht,  James  Alcorn;  Archibald  B. 
Millar,  Secretary. 

RHODE  ISL.'VND  Public  Utilities  Commfesion — 
WilUam  C.  Bliss,  Chairman;  Samuel  E.  Hudson, 
Robert  F.  Rodman;  John  W.  Rowe,  Secretar\-. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA  Railroad  Commission— John 
G.  Richards,  Cliaii'man;  Frank  W.  Sheah-,  James 
Cansler;  J.  P.  Darby,  Secretary. 

SOUTH  DAKOTA  Board  of  Railroad  Commissioner, 
— P.  W.  Dougherty,  Chairman;  J.  j.  Murphva 
Vice-Chairman;  F.  E.  Wells;  H.  A.   Ustnid.  Se"c. 

TENNESSEE  RaiU-oad  Commission — B.  A.  Etiloe, 
Chairman:  Harvey  H.  Hannah,  George  W. 
Welclr,  Miss  Willie  Field.'!,  Secretary. 

TEXAS  Railroad  Commission — Allison  Mavfleld, 
Chairman;  Earle  B.  Mayfleld,  C.  H.  Hurdl'eston; 

E.  R.  McLean,  Secretary. 

VERMONT  Public  Service  Commission — Robert  C. 
Bacon,  Chairman;  William  R.  AVarner,  Walter  A. 
Dutton;  Neil  D.  Clawson,  Clerk. 

A'^IRGINIA  State  Coi-poration  Commission- 
Christopher  B.  Garnett,  Chairman:  William  F. 
Rhea,  Alexander  I'orward;  R.  T.  AVllson,  Clerk. 

AVASHINGTON  Public  Service  Commission- E.  F. 
Blaine,  Chairman;  Frank  R.  Spinning,  Arthur  A. 
Lewis;  J.  H.  Brown,  Secretary. 

WEST  VIRGINIA  Public  Service  Commission— E. 
G.  Rider,  Chainnan;  E.  F.  Morgan,  G.  R.  C. 
AViles;  R.  B.  Bernhelm,  Secretary. 

AVISCONSIN  Railroad  Commission— Carl  D. 
Jackson,  Chairman;  Henry  R.  Tnimbower,  John 
S.  Allen;  H.  L.  Geisse,  Secretary. 

WYOMING  Public  Service  Commission — Go\ernor. 
Chairman  ex  officio;  State  Auditor,  Vice-Chairman 
ex  officio;  State  Treasurer,  member  ex  officio;  H. 
A.  Floyd,  Secretary. 

UTAH  PubUc  Utilities  Commission — Judge  Joshua 
Greenwood,  President;  H.  H.  Blood,  Warren 
Stoutnour;  T.  E.  Banning,  Secretnr.v. 

DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA  Public  UtiUties  Com- 
mission— Louis  Brownlow,  W.  Gwynn  Gardiner; 
Brig.-Gen,  J.  G.  D.  Knight,  Engineer;  Walter  C. 
.Mien.  Secretary. 


The  Boy  Scoids  of  Atmrica. 


^}\ 


STATE  RAILROAD  AND  PUBLIC   SERVICE  COMMISSIONERS— C'on«7lMe(?. 


HAWAII  Public  I) tUities  Commlssiou— William  T. 
Garden,  Chairman;  Alex.  J.  GIgnoux,  William  P. 
Thomas;  H.  P.  O'SuUivan,  Secretarj-. 

PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS  PubUo  Utility  Commission 

— Mariano  Cui;  C.  C.  Mitchell,  Secretary. 
CANADA  Board  of  Public  Utility  Commis-siouers, 

<>ttawa — Sir  Henry  L.   Drayton,   Chief;   D'Arcy 

Scott,  Assistant  Chief;  Hon.  W.   Bruno  Nantel, 

Deputy  Chief;  S.  J.  McLean,  A.  C.  Boyce;  A.  D. 

Cartwriglit,  Secretary. 
BRITISH  COLUMBIA   Department  of  Railways, 

Victoria — Hon.    John    Oliver,    Minister;    A.     F. 

Proctor,     Chief     Engineer;     R.     W.     Maciutyre, 

Assistant  to  Chief. 
MANITOBA  Public  Utilities  Commission,  Winnipeg 

— P.  A.  Maedonald:  A.  W.  Smith,  Secretary. 
NEW  BRUNSWICK   Board   of   Commissioners   of 

Public  Utilities,  Fredcricton — George  O.  Dickson 


Otty,   Cha,irman;  A.  B.   Connell,  Felix  Mlchaud: 

Fred  P.  Robinson,  Clerk. 
NOVA  SCOTIA  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Public 

Utilities,     Halifax — John     U.     Ross,     Chairman; 

Robert    T.    Macllreltli,    Vice-Chalrman;   Parker 

Colpitt:  Laura  B.  Taylor,  Secretary. 
ONTARIO  Railway  and  Municipal  Board,  Toronto 

— D.    M.    Mclntyre,    K.    C,    Chairmau;    A.    B. 

Ingram,  Vice-Chairman;  H.  C.  Small,  Secretary. 
QUEBEC  PubUc  Utilities  Commission,  Quc't)ec — F, 

W.  Hlbbard,  K.  C,  President;  Sir  George  Gameau, 

F.  C.  Laberge;  M.  Joseph  Ahcrn,  Secretary. 
SASKATCHEWAN       Department     of     R;i,ilways, 

Regiua — Hon.  C.  A.  Dunning,  Minister;  Hon.  D. 

C.  McNab,  Deputy. 
TEMISKAMING  AND  NORTHERN  OMTARIO 

Railway  Commission,  Toronto — J.  L.  Engiehart, 

Cliairman;  George  W.  Lee,  Dr.  R.  F.  Prepton*  W. 

H.  Maund,  Secretary. 


UNITED     STATES     FOOD     ADMINISTRATION. 

(HeadQuancr.s,    Washington.) 

National  Food  Administralor — Hesbert  Hoover.    Secretary  to  the  Director — Lewis  Strauss. 

The  purchasing  of  wheat  is  done  through  the  U.  S.  Food  Administration  Grain  Corporation  in  New 
York,  of  which  Julius  H.  Barnes  is  president.  He  is  Clilef  of  the  Cereal  Division,  Mr.  Hoover  being  chairman 
of  the  board.  Vice-Pres. — Frank  G.  Crowell.  Treus. — Gates  W.  MoGarrah.  Sec. — W.  S.  Moore.  For 
purpases  of  administration  the  U.  S.  was  divided  into  fourtei-ii  zones  under  the  following  direction:  Juline 
H.  Barnes,  president,  New  York  City.  Second  Vice-Presidents — George  S.  Jackson,  Baltimore;  Charles 
Kennedy,  Buffalo;  Howard  B.  Jackson,  Chicago;  Percy  H.  Giuder,  Duluth;  Frank  I..  Carey,  Minneapolis: 
Charles  T.  Neal,  Omaha;  H.  D.  Ii-win,  Philadelphia;  Edward  M.  Flesh,  St.  Louis;  D.  F.  Piazzek,  Kansas 
City;  C.  B.  Fox,  New  Orleans;  E.  F.  Newing,  Galveston,  Tex.;  M.  H.  Houser,  Portland,  Ore.;  R.  A.  Lewin, 
San  Francisco.  Milling  Section — Fred  J.  Lingham,  chief.  Wash.,  D.  C.  Coarse  Grain  Section — J.  J.  Stream, 
diici,  Wasli.,  D.  C.     Enforcement  Division,  under  direction  of  R.  W.  Boyden,  Wash.,  D.  C. 


FoUowiuE 


FEDERAL   FOOD  ADMINISTRATORS. 

is  an  official  list  of  the  Federal  Food  Administrators  in  the  various  States. 


.State. 

Name. 

Address. 

St.\te. 

Name. 

Address. 

Alabama. . .  . 

Richard  M.  Hobbic... 

Montgomery 

Nebraska .  . . 

Gui-don  W.  Wattles, .  . 

Omaha 

Alaska 

Piiilip  R.  Bradley 

Juneau 

Nevada 

H.  A.  Lemmon 

Reno 

Arizona 

Timothy  A.  Riprdan. 
Hon.  Hamp.  WuUams. 

Flagstaff 

New  Hamp.. 

Huntley  N.  SpauMing. 

Concord 

Arkan-sas.  ... 

Little  Rock 

New  Jer.sey.. 

V.^m.  S.  Tyler 

Newark 

Ralph  P.  Merrltt 

TIios.  B.  Steams 

San  Francisco 

Ralph  C.  Ely 

Albuquerque 
N.  Y.  Citj> 

Colorado 

Denver 

N.  Y.  City.. 

*John  Mitchell,  chair.. 

Ooimecticut. 

Robert  Scoville 

Hartford 

N.  Y.  State.. 

C.  E.  Treman 

Ithaca 

Delaware .  .  . 

Edmund  Mitch  pi  i 

Wilmington 

No.  Carolina 

Henry  A.  Page 

Raleigii 

Dist.  Colum. 

Clarence  R.  Wilson.  .  . 

Wasliington 

No.  Dakota. 

Dr.  Edwin  F.  Ladd . .  . 

Fargo 

Florida 

Braxton  Beacham .... 

Orlando 

Ohio 

Fred  C.  Croxton 

Columi)us 

Georgia 

Dr.  Andrew  M.  Soulc. 

Atlieus 

Oklahoma. . . 

Charles  B.  Ames 

Oklahoma  C. 

Hawaii 

J   F   Cliild 

licnolulu 

Oregon 

W   B.  Ayer 

Portland 

IdaTio 

R.  F.  Bicknell 

Boise 

Pennayl. .... 

Howard  Heinz 

Phjladelphla 

Illinois 

HaiTy  A.  ^^^leeIer.  .  .  . 

Chicago 

Porto  Rico . . 

Albert  E.  Lee. .' 

Sari  Juixn 

Indiana 

Dr.  Harry  E.  Barnard. 

Indianapolis 

Rhode  Island 

Alfred  M.  Coats 

Providence 

J.  F.  Deems.  .  •. 

Burlington 

William  Elliott 

Kentucky.. . 

Fred.  M.  Saokett 

Louisville 

So.  Dakota.. 

Hon.  Chag.  N.  He leid 

Aberdeen. 

Kaasas 

Walter  P.  lunes 

Wichita 

Tennessee. . . 

Prof.  H.  A   Morgan. .  . 

Nashville-  ■,  • 

Louisiana.  .  . 

Jno.  M.  Parker 

New  Orleans 

Texas 

E.  A.  Peden 

Houston 

Maine 

Dr.  Leon  S.  Merrill.  .  . 

Orono 

Utah 

W.  W.  Armstrong .... 

Salt  Lake  City 

Maryland . . . 

Edwin  G.  Baetjer 

Baltimore 

Vermont .... 

Frank  H.  Brooks 

Montptiier    ; 

Massach'ts. . 

Henry  B.  Endtcott.. .  . 

Boston 

Virginia 

Huglk  B.  Sproul 

stauutoii  ■ ' 

Michigan .  .  . 

George  A.  Prescott.. . . 

Lansing 

Washington . 

Charles  Hebberil 

Spokane 

Minnesota .  . 

A.  D.  Wilson 

St.  Paul 

W.  Virginia.. 

Earl  W.  Oglebay 

Wheel  jJig 
Madi-son 

Mississippi. . 

P.  M.  Harding • 

Vicksburg 

Wisconsin . . . 

Magnus  Sweuso.T 

Missom-i. .  .  . 

Fred.  B.  Mumford 

Columbia 

Wyoming .  . . 

Theodore  C.  Die;  s. . .  . 

I5hcricl;!.n 

Montana. .  .  . 

Prof.  Albert  Atkinson . 

Boseman 

THE    BOY    SCOUTS    OF    AMSFSSCA. 

THE  Boy  Scouts  ol  America  form  part  of  the  woi-ld  brotherhood  of  scouts  several  million  strong.  On 
July  1,  1918.  there  were  348,874  scouts  properly  registered  in  15,701  troops,  witQ  89,221  men  councilmem- 
bers  and  troop  committeemen  and  scout  masters.  The  organization  is  growing  at  the  rate  of  1,200  regis- 
trations a  day.  The  ideals  of  tbe  movement  are  efiflcient  citizenship,  service  and  character  building.  "The 
Boy  Scouts  of  America,"  the  name  under  which  the  movement  in  the  United  States  was  incorporated  on 
February  8,  1910,  has  as  its  Honorary  President  Woodrow  Wilson  and  as  Honorary  Vice-Presidents  William 
H.  Taft  and  Theodore  Roosevelt.  The  Active  President  is  Colin  H.  Livlugstono;  the  National  Scout  Com- 
missioner, Daniel  C.  Beard;  the  Treasurer,  George  D.  Pratt;  the  Chief  Scout  Executive,  James  E.  West. 

The  scouts  are  organized  in  patrols  and  troopsj'-  Eight  boys  constitute  a  patrol,  one  being  chosen  as 
the  patrol  leader.  Tliree  or  four  patrols  make  up  a  troop.  The  scout  master  is  the  adult  leader  of  the  troop. 
Any  boy  of  any  class  or  creed,  over  12  years  of  age,  is  eligible  to  become  a  scout. 

In  the  United  States  the  scouts  have  assisted  in  Liberty  Loan  and  War  Savings  Stamp  sales.  In  garden- 
ing and  in  food  conservation,  as  despatch  bearers  for  the  Government  In  distributing  pamphlets  for  the  Com- 
mitteo  on  Public  Information,  have  successfully  conducted  a  country-wide  census  of  black  walnut  timber 
for  the  War  Department  to  make  gun  stocks  and  airplane  propellers,  and  have  aided  in  the  Red  Cross,  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  other  war  service  campaigns.  In  the  first  Liberty  loan  there  were  139,645  subscriptions, 
lor  823,238,250;  in  the  second,  533,820,  for  5102,084,100,  while  in  the  thinl,  with  the  l>oy8  limited  to  small 
amounts  in  the  last  week  of  the  campaign,  in  line  with  the  President'.s  request  that  they  act  a?  '•y leanerg 
after  "the  reapera,"  they  brought  in  SfiO,93i,80D  from  534,349  people. 


f^l?  The  United  States  Governvient  Printmg  Office, 

PAN-AMERICAN    UNION. 

The  Pan-Aniericau  Union  is  the  internationni  organization  and  office  maintained  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
hy  tie  twenty-one  American  republics,  as  follows:  Argentina,  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Chile,  Colombia.  Costa  Rica, 
Cuba,  Dominican  Republic,  Ecuador,  Guatemala,  Hayti,  Honduras,  Mexico,  Nicaragua,  Panama.  Paraguay. 
Peru,  Salvador,  United  States,  Uruguay,  and  Venezuela.  It  is  devoted  to  the  development  and  advancement 
of  commerce,  friendly  intercourse,  and  good  understanding  among  these  countries.  It  is  supported  by 
auotas  contributed  by  each  country,  based  upon  the  population.  Its  affairs  are  administered  by  a  Director- 
General  and  Assistant  Director,  elected  by  and  responsible  to  a  Governing  Board,  which  is  composed  of  the 
ijecreturj-  of  State  of  the  United  States  and  the  diplomatic  representatives  in  Washinpton  of  the  other  Ameri- 
can governments.  These  two  executive  officers  are  assisted  by  a  staff  of  experts,  statisticians,  commercial 
specialists,  editors,  translators,  compilers,  librarians,  clerks  and  stenographers.  The  Union  publishes  a 
monthly  bulletin  in  English,  Spanish,  Portuguese  and  French,  which  is  a  record  of  Pan-American  progress. 
It  also  publishes  numerous  .special  reports  and  pamphlets  ou  various  subjects  of  practical  information.  Its 
ilbrary,  the  Columbus  Memorial  Library,  contains  4,000  volumes,  20,000  photographs,  140,000  index  cards, 
find  a  large  collection  of  maps.  The  Union  is  housed  in  n  building  erected  through  the  gifts  of  Andrew 
Carnegie  and  the  contributions  of  the  American  republics. 

Director  General — John  Barrett;  Assistant  Director- — Francisco  J.  Yanes;  Cliicf  Clerk  and  Editor,  Frank- 
3iu  Adams;  Chief  Statlsdcan—W.  C.  Wells. 


REQUIREMENTS    FOR    MERCHANT    MARINE    SERVICE. 

Minimum  expciience  for  entering  .school  for  ua\lgating  officers — ocean  or  coastwise  service:  Two 
years  lu  deck  department  of  steam,  three  of  sailing  vessels,  including  those  engaged  in  fisheries.  Two  as  master 
or  chief  mate  of  sailing  vessels  of  200  gross  tons  or  over.  Experience  other  than  on  ocean — two  as  master 
or  pilot  of  lake,  ba.\-  or  sound  steam  vessel,  graduation  from  seamanship  class  of  nautical  school  ship.  For 
entering  engineering  schools:  Two  years  as  oiler  or  water  tender  ou  ocean  or  coastwise  steam  vessels,  grad- 
uation from  engineering  class  of  nautical  school  .ship;  graduation  in  mechanical  engineering  from  school  of 
technology,  with  three  months'  sea  experience,  stationary  engineer  of  1,000  horse-power  plant,  locomoti\e 
engineer  with  six  months'  nea.  experience,  journeyman  macliinlst  engaged  in  repairing  or  constructing  marine 
steam  engines,  machinists'  trade  apprentice,  6  months  on  steam  vessel;  engineers  of  lake,  bay,  sound  or  river 
steamers;  three  years  as  fireman  on  ocean  or  coastwise  .steam  vessel.  Only  Americuu  citizens  arc  admitted 
to  the  schools. 

EXAMINATIONS  FOl!   COXSUL-VR  SERVIC^E. 
(Rules  Adopted  by  the  Board  of  Examiners.) 

Oral,  to  detcr7i>ine  business  ability,  alertness,  general  contemporary  inforuuUiou  and  natural  fltaess 
for  .service.  Writtcu,  include  Frencli,  German  or  Spanish,  United  States  natural,  industrial  and  commer- 
cial ref^oiu'ces  (with  special  reference  to  increasing  foreign  trade),  political  economy,  international,  comnier- 
cia!  and  maritime  law,  American  history  and  institution.'.-,  political  and  commercial  geography,  arithmetic 
(statistics,  tariff,  exdiauge,  accounts,  etc.),  modem  hi.story  (since  hS.VJ)  of  Europe,  Latin  America  and 
Far  East.  Average  of  S0%  to  pass.  Oral  and  written  counting  efiuiiily.  N;inies  of  candidates  holding  sub- 
ordinate positions  in  consular  service  remain  on  eligible  list  while  in  service:  others  for  two  years.  Candi- 
dates for  positions  ns  student  interi)reters  must  be  unmarried  and  from  nineteen  to  twenty-six. 

KNOWLEDGE   OF    CONSULAR    LAW    NEEDr,D    IN    THA13K    WITH    FORJ^GX    C()I^\'l  H!  Kri. 
(A  summary  of  the  provi.5ions  of  the  Deiiartment  of  Commeroe.) 

An  understanding  of  United  States  customs  and  consular  regulations  aifecting  imports  and  exi)orts 
will  enable  American  exporter  to  regard  foreign  rules  from  a  foreign  viewpoint  and  avoid  the  tendency  to 
consider  foreign  consular  regulations  as  unnecessary  red  tape  and  Imposition.  More  details  are  frequently 
required  In  the  filling  out  of  American  consular  invoices  than  are  required  in  those  of  foreign  countries.  The 
bulk  of  the  regulations  are  made  and  enforced  to  carry  out  import  customs  requirements  of  countries  of  des- 
tioatiou.  Fees  for  consular  certification  are  for  upkeep  of  consulates  and  for  remuneration  of  consul.'ir  of- 
ficers. For  Imports  of  over  SlOO  consular  invoices  must  be  taken  out  usually  in  triplicate — one  retained 
by  consul  for  his  flies,  duplicate  g-ven  to  exporter,  triplicate  forwarded  by  consul  to  collector  of  customs  at 
port  Oi  consignment;  sometimes  n  quaclruplicate  is  given  to  shipper  as  extra  file  copy.  All  around  export 
man  should  know  legulatlons  In  republics  of  Centra!  and  South  Americsv.  lu  order  to  grasp  foreign  or 
domestic  rules  and  I'egulations  student  should  anab  ze  the  purpo.se  for  which  they  are  jiromulaated. 


UNITED    STATES    SECRET    SERVICE. 


The  Secret  Service  Division  of  the  Treasury  Department  Is  imder  the  direction  of  W.  H.  Moran. 
chief  of  the  division.  The  service  Is  principally  engaged  In  detecting  and  prosecuting  makers  and 
dealers  In  counterfeit  paper  money  and  coin,  investigating  frauds  arising  in  connection  with  the  Federal 
Farm  Loan  Act,  and  making  conlidential  iuvestigations  for  the  State  Department.  Details  are  also  fur- 
nished for  the  protection  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

Tlie  arrests  of  counterfeiters  number  about  400  annually;  other  ai'rests  are  for  bribery.  Im- 
personating United  States  Goi'ernment  offlcers.  perjury,  and  violating  sections  of  the  United  States 
Revised  Statutes  relating  to  foreign  and  domestic  obligations  and  coins. 


THE    UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 

In"  this  establishment  practically  all  the  printing  for  tlie  United  States  Government  Is  done 
except  the  maniifacture  of  paper  money  and  postage  stamps.  The  Public  Printer  Is  the  executive 
head  of  the  Government  Printing  Office.  Directly  or  through  his  principal  officers  he  purchases 
all  materials  and  machinery  subject  to  the  provlslonje  of  law,  disburses  all  money,  appoints  all  officers 
and  employes,  and  exercises  general  supervision  orer  the  affairs  of  the  office.  The  Superintendent 
of  Documents  has  general  supervision  over  the  distribution  of  all  public  documents;  excepting  those 
printed  for  the  use  of  the  two  Houses  of  Congress  and  tor  the  Executive  Departments.  He  Is  re- 
quired to  prepare  a  comprehensive  Index  of  public  documents  and  consolidated  Index  of  Congres- 
sional documents,  and  Is  authorized  to  sell  at  cost  any  public  document  in  his  charge,  the  distribution 
of  which  Is  not  speclOcally  directed. 

Tlie  present  Government  Printing  Office  was  purchased  by  the  Goveriimein  in  18G1  from  Joiui  Deirees, 
WLo  at  that  time  was  one  of  the  printers  for  Congress  and  doing  work  on  a  contract  basis.  In  the  same 
year  Mr.  Defrces  was  appointed  as  the  first  Public  Printer  by  President  Lincoln,  The  amount  of  matter 
turned  ant  by  this  office  in  one  year  averages  as  follows:  Printed  oages  of  bookwork.  2,490,000,000;  copies 
of  P!un, )!dets  and  boolcs,  1.50,000,000;  copfes  of  nirculnrs.  letter  hemls.  blanks,  etc..  L'.IOO.O'iO.OOO. 


List  of  United  Stages  Goverrtment  Purchasing  Agents..        213 


LIST    OF    UNITED   STATES    GOVERNMENT    PURCHASING    AGENTS. 


War  Department^Orduance  Department,  Pro- 
curement Divisioo,  Sixth,  and  B  Streets,  Washington: 
Cannon  and  artillery,  apparatus  and  machinery  for 
service  and  inanoeuvre  of  artiller>',  artillei-y  ammu- 
nition, small  arms.  Small  arms  ammunition  and  ao- 
coutrenients,  tools,  machinery  and  materials  for  ord- 
nance service,  tanks,  bombs  and  trench  warfare  ma- 
terials, testing  appllancrs,  instruments,  etc.,  optical 
justrupients,  sl«el  mill  products,  ofllce  supplies. 

Corfjs  of  Engineers,  General  Engineering  Depot, 
1438  U  Street:  Paints,  railv/ay  construction  mate> 
rials,  machinery  and  tools,  locomotives  and  rolling 
gtocli,  electrical  equii)ment  and  supplies  lor  overseas, 
s;iw  mill  and  woodworking  equipment,  demolition 
explosives,  mechanical  rubber  goods,  offlce  supplies, 
chain.  , , 

Quartermaster's  Corps,  Eighteenth  Street  and  VU"- 
ginla  Avenue:  Textiles,  yarns  and  threads,  cotton 
and  wool,  clothing  and  personal  equipment,  rubber 
iind  rubber  goods  (other  than  mechanical),  laundry 
equipment  and  supplies,  reclamation,  reduction  and 
repair  plants  and  equipment,  food,  forage,  horses  and 
mules,  liarness  and  norse  equipment,  vehicles,  motor 
vehicles,  hardware,  kitchen  equipment,  tobacco,  of- 
fice supplies. 

Surgeon  General's  offlce.  Medical  Department, 
General  Purchasing  Offlce,  Seventh  and  B  Streets: 
Medicines,  surgical  instruments,  surgical  dressjngs, 
dental  suppUes,  veterinary  supplies,  hospital  equip- 
ment, sanitary  appliances,  offlce  supplies. 

Construction  Division,  Procurement  Brancli, 
Seveiith  and  B  Streets:  All  materials  and  articles 
entering  into  construction  projects,  such  as  buildings, 
wharves,  roads,  sewers,  power  stations,  etc.,  in  the 
United  States,  including  lumber,  roofing,  hardware, 
heating,  plumbing,  refrigerating,  yentllating,  water 
supply,  sewage  disposal,  kitchen  equipment,  Are  &\t- 
pai-atus,  light  and  power,  offlce  supplies. 

Aircraft  Production,  Director  of  Purchases,  119  D 
Street,  NE.:  Airplanes  and  parts,  airplane  engines 
and  parts,  balloon  equipment,  special  aircraft  chemi- 
cals, paints,  and  varnishes,  aircraft  lumber,  veneers 
and  ply  wood,  airplane  fabrics,  aviation  clothing, 
castor  oil  and  castor  beans,  offlce  supplies. 

Signal  Corps,  lit)  J5  Street  NE.:  Batteries,  tech- 
nical instruments,  telephone  and  telegraph  line  m:t- 
terials,  telephone  and  telegraph  wire  and  cable,  field 
glasses,  radio  apparatus,  telegraph  apparatus,  tele- 
phone apparatus,  wood  distillates,  offlce  supplies. 

Edgewood  Arsenal,  Purchase  Section,  311  West 
Monument  Street,  Baltimore:    Acids  and  chemicals. 

Supply,  Division,  Mills  Building,  Washington:  Of- 
fice equipment  and  supplies. 

Ods  Defense,  Procurement  Department,  F.  Group, 
Seventh,  and  B  Streets:  Gas  masks,  special  gas  de-. 
fense  appliances. 

Department  of  State — All  supplies  for  the  State 
Department  proper  are  ordered  by  the  chief  clerk  of 
the  department,  supplies  for  the  Consular  Service  by 
the  chief  of  the  Consular  Bureau,  and  those  for  the 
Diplomatic  Service  by  the  chief  of  the  Diplomatic 
Bureau,  and  all  supplies  are  purchased,  as  far  as  pa^ 
Bible,  under  the  contracts  awarded  by  the  General 
Supply  Committee.  Where  it'  is  neeessai'j  to  pur- 
chase goods  not  on  tlie  general  supply  schedule, 
separate  contracts  are  called  lor  and  bids  sent  to  not 
less  than  three  biddere  in  this  city  if  possible,  and  if 
not,  wherever  they  may  be  found. 

War  Trade  Board — All  contracts  are  awarded 
through  the  purcliasiug  agent,  Mr.  A.  E.  KJiuger, 
whose  offlce  ia  In  the  building  at  Twentieth  and  C 
Streets  NW. 

Purchases  for  branch  offices  must  all  be  placed 
through  this  purchasing  agent  in  Waslilngton  when 
they  are  in  excess  of  S5. 

.  Interstate  Commerce  Commission — All  pur- 
chases for  the  Interatate  Commerce  Commission  and 
the  awarding  of  contracts  by  the  commission  are 
under  the  direction  of  Chief  Clerk  and  Purchasing 
Agent,  W.  M.  Lockwood,  whose  offlce  is  in  the  Inter- 
state Commerce  Commission  at  Eighteenth  Street 
and  Pennsylvania  Avenue  NW.,  Wasliington,  D.  C. 

United  States  Food  Administration — All  pur- 
chasing tor  the  Food  Administration  is  done  through 
open  competitive  bids  to  the  supply  division,  of  TOlilch 
B.  F.  Durr  is  chief. 

In  each  State  and  in  Porto  Rico,  Alaska  and  Hawaii 
there  are  Federal  food  administrators  who  are.au- 
thorize<i  to  iMu-chase  office  siipplii^s  withoiit  referenoe 


to  Washington.  All  the  vouchers,  however,  for  ex- 
penditures in  the  States  pass  through  the  Washiogton 
offlce  for  approval. 

Federal  Reserve  Board — All  purchafles  for  the 
Federal  Reserve  Board  are  made  through  the  office 
of  the  secretary  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board,  Treas- 
m-y  Building,  Washington,  D.  C.  , 

Department,  of  Commerce — Offlce  of  the  secre- 
tary (general  department  and  bureau  supplies),  E.  W. 
Libbey,  chief  clerk,  room  719,  Commerce  Building, 
Nineteenth  Street  and  Pennsylvania  Avenue  NW. 

Bureau  of  the  Census,  Thomas  J.  Fitzgerald,  <;hlet 
clerk,  room  518,  Commerce  Building. 

Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce, 
Nicholas  Eckhardt,  jr.,  chief  clerk,  room  1120,  Com- 
merce Building. 

Bureau  of  Standai-ds,  S.  W.  Caywood,  purchasing 
officer,  room  "SOO,  South  Building,  Connccticui 
Avenue  and  Pierce  Mill  Road. 

Bureau  of  Fisheries,  I.  H.  Dunlap,  assistant  In 
charge  of  office,  room  5,  Fisheries  Building,  Seventh 
and  B  Streets  SW. 

Bureau  of  Lighthouses,  district  lighthouse  in.spec- 
tors,  as  follows:  First,  Portland,  Me.,  Y.  M.  </.  A. 
Building;  Second',  Boston,  Custom  House;  1'hird, 
Tompklnsville,  N.  Y.;  Fourth,  Philadelphia,  Post- 
Offlce  Building;  Fifth,  Baltimore,  New  Court  House; 
Sixth,  Charleston,  S.  C,  old  Post^Offlce  Building; 
Seventh,  Key  West,  Fla.;  Eighth,  New  Orleans,  Cus- 
tom House;  Ninth,  San  Juan.  P.  R. ;  Tenth,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  Federal  Building;  Eleventh,  Detroit,  Post 
Offlce  Building;  Twelfth,  Milwaukee,  Federal  Build- 
ing; Thirteenth,  Rock  Island,  III.,  Federal  Building; 
Fourteentli,  Cincinnati,  Custom  House;  Fifteenth. 
St.  Louis,  Custom  House;  Sixteenth,  Ketchikan, 
Alaska;  Seventeenth,  Portland,  Ore.,  Custom  Hoxise: 
Eighteenth,  San  Francisco,  Court  House;  Nineteenth, 
Honolulu,  Hawaii,  McCandless  Building. 

Coast  and  Geodetic  Suirvey,  P.  A.  Welker,  hydro- 
graphic  and  geodetic  engineer,  in  charge  of  offlce, 
room  3,  205  New  Jersey  Avenue  SE. 

Bureau  of  Navigation,  Arthur  J.  Tyrer,  deputy 
con) niissi oner  of  navigation,  room  917,  Commerce 
Building. 

Steamboat  Inspection  Service,  Dlckerson  N. 
Hoover,  jr.,  chief  clerk,  room  1022,  Commerce  Build- 
ing. 

United  States  Fuel  Administration — M.  A. 
Downes  is  the  piu-chaslng  officer  for  the  Fuel  Admin- 
.istration,  and  all  bids  on  materi:ils  may  be  sent  to 
iUm.  : .,       ,■.,.-.' 

Department  of  Laborw-Th»i  chief.' cletk  of  tUe 
DeiJartment  of  Labor  is  its  purcliasing  agenti  the  dex 
tailed  work  connected  therewith  hieing  performed  by 
the  chief  of  the  Division- of  Publications  and  Sup- 
plies. I  .  ■  i  .. 

The  location  of  the  department  buildings  Is  1712r! 
1722  G  Street  NW. 

The  bureaus  are  aa  follows:  Bureau  of  Immigra- 
tion, Bm-eau  of  Labor  Statistics,  Children's  Bureau, 
Bui-eau  of  Naturalization,  Deifartment  Boilding, 
Bureau  of  Industrial  Housing  and  Transportation, 
613  G  Street  NW.;  United  States  Employment  Ser- 
vice, Gordon  Hotel,  916  Sixteenth  Street  NW.  All  OS 
the  bureaus  make  their  purchases  through  tlie  cen- 
tral purchasing  agency,  the  Division  of  PublicatioUfi 
and  Supplies. 

Government  Printing  Office — This  office  has 
only  one  purchasing  agent  or  bureau,  in  charge  ol 
Edwaixl  S.  Moores.  The  purchasing  offlce  is  located 
in  the  Government  Printing  Offlce  Building,  at  the 
comer  of  North  Capitol  and  G  Streets  NW. 

Post  Office  Department — ^The  Post  OlHce  De- 
partment has  but  one  purchasing  agent,  Mr.  J.  A. 
Edgerton,  whose  offices  are  located  in  the  Post  Offlce 
Department  Building,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Department  of  the  Interior — E.  J.  Ayers,  chief 
clerk,  Washington. 

General  Land  Offlce:  Frank  M.  Joluison,  super- 
visor of  surveys,  Denver;  John  D.  Yeiverton,  chief  of 
field  service,  Washington. 

Offlce  of  Indian  Affairs:  Frank  Sorenson,  superin- 
tendent. United  States  Indian  warehouse,  308  South 
Green  Street,  Chicago;  Burton  B.  Custer,  superin- 
tendent United  States  Indian  warehouse.  310  Elm 
Street,  St.  Louis;  Richard  C.  .Jordan,  superintendent 
United  States  Indian  warehouse,  608  Howard  .Street, 
San  Francisco. 

Recliimation  Service:    Emmett  Carr,  Washington; 


2!  4 


United  States  Board  of  Mp'Jin'io)>  and  Conciliation. 


LIST  OF  UNITED  STATES  GOVERNMENT  PURCHASING  AGENTS— C'(W«w«jea. 


A.  McU.  Brooks,  purchasing  agent,  Reclamation  Scr- 
»iee,  Denver. 

Bureau  of  Educntlnii:  Dr.  John  H.  Francis,  direc- 
tor of  School  and  Home  Gardeulng,  Washington; 
Harrr  C.  Sinclair,  supply  agent  for  Alaska  Division, 
li.-  C.  amith  Buildin?.  Seattle,  Wash. 

National  Park  Service:  Dr.  William  P.  Parks,  su- 
perintendent, Hot  Springs  Reservation,  Ark.;  Chester 
A.  Undsley,  acting  superintendent,  Yellowstone 
Park,  Wyo.;  Walter  Fry,  superintendent.  Sequoia 
and  Gen.  Grant  Parks,  Three  Rivers.  Cal.;  W.  B. 
Lewis,  superintendent,  Yosemlte  Park,  Yosemite, 
Ca!.;  D.  L.  Reaburn,  superintendent,  Mount.  Rainier 
Park,  Ashford,  Wash.;  Alex.  Sp.arrow,  superintendent. 
Crater  Lake  Park,  Ore.;  T.  W.  Brazell,  superintend- 
ent. Wind  Cave  Park,  Hot  Springs,  S.  Dak.;  R.  A. 
Sneed,  superintendent,  Piatt  Park,  Si^phur,  Okla.; 
Thomas  Rickner,  superintendent.  Mesa  Verde  Park, 
Mancos,  Colo.;  Walter  W.  Payne,  superintendent. 
Glacier  Park,  Belton,  Mont.;  L.  Clause  Way,  super- 
intendent. Rocky  l\Iouutain  Park.  Estes  Park,  Colo. 

St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital:  A.  E.  Offutt,  St.  Eliza- 
beth's Hospital,  Washington. 


Fro-»;linen's  Hospital:  Dr.  William  A.  Warfleld. 
I'>eertraen's  Hospital,  Washington. 

Howard  University:  George  W.  Cook,  Howan.J 
University,  Washington. 

Alaskan  Engineering  Commission:  C.  E.  Dole, 
general  purchasing  agent,  Alaskan  Engineering  Com- 
mission, 422  Bell  Street  Terminal,  Seattle,  Wash. 

United  States  Shipping  Board  and  Emergency 
Fleet  Corporation — F.  A.  Browne,  general  purchas- 
ing officer,  140  North  Broad  Street,  Philadelphia;  J. 
A.  Manion,  district  purchasing  officer.  Securities 
Biulding,  Seattle,  Wash.;  T.  G.  Plant,  district  pur- 
chasing ofBcer,  343  Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco: 
W.  J.  Ha.vnen,  district  purchasing  officer,  430  Audu- 
bon Building.  New  Orleans;  R.  E.  Helzer,  district 
purchasing  officer.  Heard  Building,  Jacksonville, 
Fla. ;  E.  L.  Marshall,  district  piu"chasing  officer.  Cus- 
tom House,  Boston;  F.  C.  Selby,  district  purchasing 
OfBcer,  615  Lexington  Building,  Baltimore;  S.  E. 
Lewis,  district  purchasing  officer,  Perry-Payne  Build- 
ing, Cleveland;  C.  P.  Morrell,  district  p\u'chastnc  of- 
flcer,  H.>  Broadway,  New  York  City. 


UNITED    STATES 

INTERNAL    REVENUE 

COLLECTORS. 

District. 

Collector. 

Address. 

DISTRKT. 

Collector. 

Address. 

Alabama 

John  I>.  McNecl 

Birmingham. 

1st  N.  Jersey. . 

Samuel  Iredell 

Camden. 

Jack  Walker 

Little  Rock. 
San  Francisco 

5th  N.  Jersey.. 
New  Mexico.. . 

Charles  V.  Duffy 

Lewis  T.  Carpenter. .  . 

Ist  Cal 

Justus  S.  Warden 

Phoenix. Ariz. 

6th  Cul 

John  P.  Carter 

Los  .\ugeles. 

1st  New  York . 

Bertram  Gardner 

Brookl.\-n. 

Colorado 

Mark  A.  Skinner 

Denver. 

2d  Now  York. . 

Wm.  H.  Edwards 

N.  Y.  City. 

Connecticut. . . 

Jas.  L.  McGovern .... 

Bridgeport. 

3d  New  York. . 

Mark  Eisner 

N.  Y.  City. 

Florida 

James  M.  Cathcart.  . . 

Jacksonville. 

14th  N.  York.. 

Roscoe  Irwin 

Albany. 

Georgia 

Aaron  O.  Blalock 

Atlanta. 

21st  N.  York.. 

Neal'Brew.ster 

Syracuse. 

Hawaii 

Howard  Hathaway .  . . 

Honolulu. 

28tli  X.  York.. 

Vincent  H.  Rlordan.. . 

Buffalo. 

1st  Illinois .... 

Julius  F.  Sm(etanka.  . . 

Chicago. 

N.  &  S.  Dak  .  . 

James  ColTey 

Aberd'n,  S.L>. 

.')th  Illinois.... 

Edward  D.  McCabe. .. 

Peoria. 

4th  N.  Car 

Josiah  W.  Bailey .... 

Raleigh. 

Sth  Illinois.... 

John  L.  Pickering .... 

Springfield. 

Mh  N.  Car.... 

.■Vlstou  D.  Watts 

Stateisvllle. 

13th  Illinois... 

John  M.  Rapp 

East  St.  Loui.s 

1st  Ohio 

Andrew  C.  GilUgan .  . . 

Cincinnati. 

6th  Indiana... 

Peter  J.  Kruyer 

Indianapolis. 

10th  Ohio 

Frank  B.  Niles 

Toledo. 

7th  Indiana... 

Isaac  R.  Strousc 

Terre  Haute. 

11th  Ohio 

Berlah  E.  Williamson . 

Columbus. 

3d  Iowa 

Louis  Murphy 

Dubuque. 

18th  Oliio 

Harry  H.  Wel.ss 

Cleveland. 

Kansas 

Wm.  H.  L.  Pepperel  1. . 

Wichita. 

Oklahoma 

Hubert  L.  Bolen 

Oklahoma . 

2d  Kentucky. . 

Josh  T.  Griffith .. 

Oweusboro. 

Oregon 

Milton  A.  Miller 

Portland. 

Sth  Kentucky. 

Thomas  S.  Mayes .... 

T,oulsville. 

1st  Penn 

Ephraim  Lederer 

Philadelphia 

Bth  Kentucky. 

Chariton  B.  Thomps  on 

Covington. 

9th  Penn 

Ben  amin  F.  Davis.  .  . 

Lancaster. 

7th  Kentucky. 

Elwood  Hamilton 

Lexingtou. 

12th  Penn 

23d  Penn 

Fre<   C.  Kirkendall — 

Scranton. 

Sth  Kentucky. 

John  W.  Hughes.  .  .'.. 

Danville. 

C.  Gregg  Lewellyn..  .  . 

Plttsbtirgh. 

Louisiana 

John  Y.  Fauntlevoy.'. . 

New  Orleans. 

S.  Carolin.'i. .  .  . 

Duncan  C.  Heyward.  . 

Columbia. 

Maryland 

Joshua  W.  Miles ..... 

Baltimore. 

Tennessee 

Edward  B.  Craig 

Nashville. 

3d  Ma<?s     .... 

John  F  Malley. .    . . ' . 

Boston. 

3d  Texas    . 

.\le\.  S  W.alker 

\ustin 

Ist  Michigan. . 

James  J.  Brady 

Detroit. 

2d  Virginia. .  .  . 

Richd .  C-  L.  Moucure . 

Richmond. 

4th  Michigan.. 

Emanuel  J.  Doyle.  .  . . 

Grand  Rapids 

flth  Vlrcjinia.  . 

Jas.  S.  Persinger 

David  J.  Williams 

Roanoke 

Minnesota .... 

Edw.ird  J.  Ljnieh 

St.  Paul. 

W.isliingtot).  .  . 

Tacoinp . 

1st  Missouri.. . 

George  H.  Moore 

St.  Louis. 

West  Virginia.. 

Samuel  A.  Hays 

Parkei"sijurg. 

Cth  Missouri. . 

Geo.  F.  Crutcldey .... 

Kansas  City. 

1st  Wisconsin. . 

Paul  A.  Hemmy 

Milwaukee. 

Montana 

William  C.  W^lilley.  .  . 

Helena. 

2d  Wisconsin.  . 

B\irt  Williams 

Madison. 

Nebraska 

Geo.  L.  Loomls 

Omaha. 

Philippine  I.  .  . 

W.Trinidad 

Manila. 

New  Hamp . . . 

Seth  W.  Jones 

Portsiiioiitli. 

UNITED    STATES    BOA^O    OF    MEDIATION    AND    CONCILIATION. 

(Created  by  act  of  Congress,  Approved  July  15,  10i;{.i 

Commissioner — William  L.  Chambers.  Assistant  Vommlssioner — G.  W.  W.  Hanger,  ifeirben  of  Ronru 
.—Chairman,  Martin  A.  Knapp,  William  L.  Chambers,  and  G.  W.  W.  Hanger,     fieciehinj — Wm.  U.  .Smith. 

The  purpose  for  whicn  the  board  was  establlslied  is  to  settle  by  mediation,  coriclUiitio:!  and 
arbitration  all  controversies  concerning  wages,  hours  of  labor,  or  conditions  of  euiploynurit  'hat 
may  arise  between  any  common  carrier  or  carriers  engaged  In  the  transportation  of  passengers  or 
property  wholly  by  railroad,  or  partly  l)y  r.nllroad  and  i)artly  by  water,  for  a  continuous  carriage 
or  shipment  from  one  State  or  Territory  of  the  United  States  or  the  District  of  Columbia  i.>  any 
other  State  or  Territory  of  the  United  States  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  from  any  pl.Tce  !n  the 
United  States  to  an  adjacent  foreign  country,  or  from  any  place  In  the  Ignited  States  through  a  foreign 
country  to  any  other  place  In  the  United  States,  and  their  employes,  which  Includes  all  persons 
actually  engaged  In  any  capacity  In  train  operation  or  train  service  of  an.v  description,  wliettier  the 
cars  upon  or  In  which  they  are  employed  are  owned  or  held  and  operated  by  the  carrier  tinder  lease 
or  other  contract. 

The  Commissioner  Is  appointed  by  the  President  for  a  term  of  seven  years,  salar>-  ^7.500, 
and  Is  the  executive  officer  of  the  board,  which  consists  of  the  Commissioner  and  not  more  than 
two  other  officials  of  the  Government,  who  are  deslgn.<( fed  by  the  President.  The  Assistant  Com- 
missioner is  appointed  by  the  President,  salary   S5,b00   per   annum. 

Since  the  organization  of  the  board  and  up  to  June  30,  1918,  00  controversies  between  raiiroad.s  and 
their  employes  engaged  In  train  operation  have  reached  the  stage  where  an  appeal  for  i!ie  .services  of  the 
Board  of  Mediation  and  Conciliation  was  m.ide  Of  t'lese  cases  an  ad.)ustnient  of  the  controversy  was 
soQwred  by  the  board  through  mediation  alone  in  (Ui  eases;  bv  meiliation  and  arbitration  in  12  cases;  by 
iWDitration  In  8  cases;  by  the  parties  after  mediation  iifd  bc^ri'm  in  -'  I'u^os.  I  i';>se  w.as  sottlod  by  I'o'ipr*! 
Ii^eislation  onfl  1  case  Is  pending. 


United  Spanish  War  Veterans. 


215 


FEDERAL  BOARD  FOR  VOCATFONAL  EDUCATION. 

David  F.  Houston,  Sec.  of  Agric,  chairman;  William  C.  Redfieid,  Sec.  ol  Commerce;  WilJIam  B.  Wilson, 
Sec.  of  Labor;  P.  P.  Claxtoti,  Commissioner  of  Education;  James  P.  Munroe,  manufacture  and  commerce, 
vice  chairman;  Charles  A.  Greathouse,  agriculture;  Arthur  E.  Holder,  labor. 

EXECUTIVE   OFFICERS   OF   STATE   BOARDS. 

Alabama — Spright    Dowell,   Montgomery. 
Arizona — C.  O.  Case,  Phoenix. 
Arkansas- — J.  L.  Bond,  Little  Rock. 
California — E.   R.   Snyder,   Sacramento. 
Colorado — A.  A.  Edwards,  Fort  Collins. 
Connecticut — Charles   D.   Hine,   Hartford. 
Delaware — -A.  R.  Spaid,  Dover. 
Ji'lorida— W.  N.  Sheats,  Tallahassee. 
Georgia^M.  L.  Brittain,  Atlanta. 
Idaho — E.  A.  Bryan,  Boise. 
Illinois — F.  G.  Blair,  Springfield. 
Indiana — Horace  EUis,  Indianapolis. 
Iowa — At  M.  Deyo,  Des  Moines. 
Kansas — W.  D.  Ross,  Topeka. 
Kentucky — V.   O.   Gilbert.   Frankfort.. 
Louisiana — T.  H.  Harris,  Baton  Rouge. 
Maine — A.  O.  Thomas,  Augusta. 
Maryland — M.  Bate.s  Stephen,  Baltimore. 
Massachusetts — Payson   Smith,   Boston. 
Michigan — F.  L.  Kesler,  Lansing. 
Minnesota — C.  J.  Scholz,  St.  Paul. 
Mississippi — W.  F.  Bond,  Jackson. 
Missouri — Uel  W.  I^amkin,  Jefferson  City. 
Montana — Miss  I^Iay  Trumper,  Helena. 


Nebraska — aV.  E.  Clemmons,  Lincoln. 
Nevada — J.  E    Bray,   Carson  City. 
New  Hampshire — E.  W.  Butterfield,  Concoid. 
New  Jersey — Calvin  N.  Kendall,  Trenton. 
New  Mexico — J.  H.  Wagner,  Santa  Fe. 
New  York — John  H.   Finley,  Albany".    ' 
North  Cai-olina — J.  Y.  Joyner,  Raleigh. 
North  Dakota — N.   C.   Macdonald,  Bismarck. 
Ohio — ^Alfred   Vivian,   Coliimbus. 
Oklahoma — S.   M.   Barrett,   Oklahoma   City. 
Oregon — J.  A.  Churchill,  Salem. 
Pennsylvania — Nathan  C    Schaeffer,  Harrlsbuig. 
Rhode  Island — AValter  E.  Ranger,  Providence. 
South  Carolina — J.  E.-  Swearlngen,  Columbia. 
South  Dakota — C.  H.  Lugg.  Pierre. 
Tennessee — P.   L.  Hamed,  Nashville. 
Texas — W.  P.  Doughty,  Austin. 
Utah — E.  G.  Gowans,  Salt  I^ake  City. 
Vermont — Milo  B.  Hillegas,  Montpelier. 
Virginia — Harris  Hart,  Richmond. 
Washington — Mrs.  J.  C.  Preston,  Olympla, 
West  Virginia — J.  F.  Marsh,  Charleston. 
Wisconsin — John   CallahaU:    Madison. 
Wyoming — J.   O.   Cre^iger,   Cheyenne. 


STATE  SUPERVISORS  OF  AqRICULTURAL  EDUCATION. 


Alabama — J.    B.    Hobdy,    Montgomery     (whites); 

J.  L.  Sibley,  Montgomery  (negroes). 
Arizona — I.   Colodny,   Phoenix. 
Arkansas — N.  M.  AVhaley,  Little  Rock. 
California — J.  B.  Lillard,  Sacramento. 
Colorado^C.  G.  Sargent,  TX.  Collins.  (State  director 

vocational  education). 
Connecticut — T.  H.   Eaton,   Storrs. 
Delaware — L.  C.  Armstrong,  Dover. 
Florida — Shelton  Phillips,  Williston;  R.  I...  Turner, 

Inverness. 
Georgia — R.  D.  Maltby,  Athens. 
Idaho — C.  B.  Wilson,  Moscow. 
Illinois— A-  W.  Nolan,  Urbana. 
Indiana — Z.  M.  Smith,  Indianapolis; 
Iowa — W.  H.  Bender,  Des  Moines. 
Kansa.s — H.  L.  Kent,  Topeka. 
Kentucky — McHenry  Rhoades,  Franfcfort. 
Louisiana — P.  L.  Guilbea\i,  Baton  Rouge. 
Maryland,  H.  F.  Cotterman,  State  College. 
Massachusetts — R.  W.  Stimson,  Boaton. 
Michigan — W^.  H.  French.  Lansing. 
Minnesota — B.  M.  Gile,  St.  Paul. 
Mrssisslppi — F.  J.  Hubbard  and  S.  J.  Greer,  Jackson. 
Missouri — ^J.  D.  EUiff.  Jefferson. 


Montana — M.  J.  Abbey,  Bozeman. 
Nebraska — C.  A.  Fulmer,  Lincoln. 
Nevada — Leslie   Brigham,   Carson    City. 
New    Hampshire — G.    H.    Whitcher,    Concord. 
New  Jersey — ^A.  K.  Getman,  New  Brunswick. 
New  Mexico — E.  D.  Smith,  Santa  Fe. 
New  York — C.  E.  Ladd,  Albany. 
North  Carolina — T.  E.  Browne,  West  Raleigh. 
Nortli   Dakota — N.   C.   Macdonald,   Bismaroh. 
Ohio — W.  F.  Stewart,  Columbus. 
Oklahoma — W.  R.  Curry,  Oklalioraa  City. 
Oregon — H.  P    Barrows,   Corvallis. 
Pennsylvania — L.   H.   Denni?,  Harrisburg. 
South   Carolina — Verd   Peterson,    Clemson   College- 
South  Dakota — E.  C.  Stivers,  Brookings. 
Texas — J.  D.  Blackwell  and  R.  G.  Bressler,  AuBlJn 
Tennessee — Albert  Williams,   Nashville. 
Utah— ^W.  F.  Kurkham,  Salt  Lake  City. 
Vermont — H.  H.  Gibson,  Montpelier. 
Virginia — T.  D.  Eason,  Richmond. 
Washington — H.  M.  Skidmore,  PuUmaxi. 
West  Virginia — C.  H.  Winkler,  Morgantown. 
Wisconsin — W.  S.  Welles,'  River  Falls; 
Wyoming — J.  R.  Coxen,  Liarainie.   ■ 


SPEAKERS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    HOUSE    OF    REPRESENT ATlVfiSv   t  > 

(FROM   1789  TO   191S.)  /  •■  ■  ■  ' ;  .\V,''.'-'"' ■r.;.''' 

State.!  Tlinei-5 


NAMJiS. 


F.  A.  Muhlenburg. 

J.  TrumboU • 

F.  A.  Muhlenburg. 
Jonathan  Dayton . 
Theo.  Sedgwick. .  . 
Nathaniel  Macon . 
Joseph  B.  Varnura 

Henry  Clay 

Langdon  Cheves . . 

Henry  Clay 

John  W.  Taylor. . . 
Philip  P.  Barbour 

Henry  Clay 

John  W.  Taylor. . . 


State. 


Pa  .. 
Ct... 
Pa  .  . 
N.  J. 
Mass. 
N.  C 
Mass. 
Ky.. 
S.  C. 
Ky.  . 
N.  Y. 
Va..  . 
Ky.. 
N.  Y. 


Time. 


1789-1791 
1791-1793 
1793-1795 
1795-1799 
1799-1801 
180I-I«07 
1807-1811 
1811-1814 
1814-1813 
1815-1820 
1820-1821 
1821-1823 
1823-1825 
1825-1827 


Names. 


And.  Stephenson. 

John  Bel] 

James  K.  Polk. .. 
R.  M.  T.  Hunter 

John  White 

John  W.  Jones. . . 
John  W.  Davis. . 
R.  C.  Winthrop. . 

Howell  Cobb 

Linn  Boyd 

N.  P.  Banks 

James  L.  Orr .... 
Wm.  Pennington. 


State. 


Va... 
Tenn. 
Tojiu. 
Va... 
Ky.  . 
v'a. .  . 
Ind .  . 
Mass. 
Ga... 
Ky.  . 
Mass. 
S.  C. 
N.  J. 


Time. 


1827-1834 
1834-1835 
1835-1839 
1839-18 U 
1841-1843 
1S43-1845 
1840-1847 
18i7-1849 
1849-1851 
1851-j8.i5 
1856-1857 
1857-1859 
1850-1861 


NASiES. 


Galusha  A.  Grow. 
Schuyler  Colfax. . . , 
Jaraea  G.  Blaine .  . 
Michael  C.  Kerr.. 
Samuel  ij.  Randall 
Joseph  W.  Keifer. 
John  G.  Carlisle .  . 
Thomas  B.  Reed.. 
Charles  F;  Crisp . . 
Thomas  B.  Reed. . 
D.  B.  Henderson. . 
Joseph  G.  Cannon 
Champ  Clark 


Pa... 
Ind.; 
Me . . 
Ind.. 
Pa  .. 
Ohio, 
Ky,  . 
Me... 
Ga... 
Me. . 
la... 
111... 
Mo.. 


1861-1863 
I863-18B9 
1869-1875 
1875-1876 
1876-188! 
■1881-1883 
1883-1889 
1889-189! 
1891-1896 
1895-1899 
1899-1903 
1903-1910 
1911-191? 


Dayton  of  New  Jersey  presided  over  the  4th  and  5th  Congreas,  Macon  of  North  Carolina,  the  7th,  8tb 
and  9th;  Vamum  of  Massachusetts,  10th  and  11th;  Henry  Clay  of  Kentucky,  12th,  13th,  14th,  15ti,  16tb 
and  18th;  Taylor  of  New  York,  16th  and  19th;  Stephenson  of  Virginia,  20th,  21st,  22d  and  23d;  Polk  oS 
Tennessee,  24th  and  25th;  Reed  of  Maine,  51st,  54th  and  55th;  Henderson  of  Iowa,  56th  and  57th;  Cannon 
oJ  niinois,  58th,  59th,  60th  and  61st  and  Champ  Clark,  Mo.,  62d,  63d,  64th  and  65th. 


UNITED     SPANISH      WAR     VETERANS. 

(Department  of  New  Vorh  Headquarters,  Room  7,  City  Hall,  New  York.) 
Commander,  Thomas  F.  Gannon;  Adjutant,  William  Jones;  Quartennaster^,  Jamea  i8.  Long;  Senior  Vir-t 
Conimander,  Charles  P.  Shinn,  Brooklyc:  Jnnlcr  Vice  Comviander,  William  Lsnnigan,  Troy^  ■.■ 


216 


Federal  Fuel  Admivistrators. 


AMERICAN    ACADEf^Y    OF    ARTS    AND    LETTERS. 

(Headauarters,  347  Madison  Avenue.,  N.  Y.) 
Pendent — William  Dean  Howells.     Chancellor — W.  M.  Sloane.     Secrelarv — Robert  C'ndervvoo'J  Jolin- 
son.     Treasurer. — Thomas  Hastings.     The  other  directors  are:  Edwin  H.  BlasMield,  Nicholas  M,  Butler, 
sad  Augustus  Thomas.     The  members  of  the  Academy  other  than  the  directors,  are: 


TTicoflore  Roosevelt 
John  riinger  Sargent 
Daniel  Chester  Frcncli 
JohTi  Burroughs 
James  lord  Rhodes 
Horatio  William  Parlcer 
George  Washington  Cable 
Henry  van  Dyke 
^Villiara  Crary  Brownell 
Basil  Liinneau  Gildensleeve 
Woodrow  Wilson 
Arthur  Twining  Hadley 
Henry  Cabot  LodgK 
Edwin  Howland  Blashfleld 
Brandor  Matthews 


Thomas  Nelson  Page 

Elihu  Vedder 

George  Edward  \Voo(n)L'rr.\' 

Kenyon  Cox 

George  Whitefield  Chadwick 

Abbott  Handerson  Thayer 

Hem-y  Mills  Alden 

George  De  Forest  Brush 

William  Rutherford  Meiid 

Bliss  Perry 

Abbott  Lawrence  Lowell 

Nicholas  Mm-ray  Butler 

Paul  Wayland  Bartlett 

Owen  Wister 

Herbert  Adams 


Augustus  Thom;iri 
Timothy  Cole 
Cass  Gilbert 
William  Roscoe  Tha>er 
Robert  Grant 
Frederick  MacMonnies 
Julian  Alden  Weir 
William  Gillette 
Paul  Elmer  More 
Barrett  Wendell 
Gari  Melchers 
Elihu  Root 
Brand  Whltlock 
Hamlin  Garland 


Tlic  first  seven  members  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  I^etters  were  selected  by  the  National 
Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters  from  its  own  body  in  1904  by  ballot.  The  seven  were  William  Dean  Howells, 
Augustus  Saint-Gaudens,  Edmund  Clarence  Stodman.  John  La  Farge,  Samuel  L.  Clemens,  John  Hay  and 
Edward  MacDowell.  lu  order  to  become  eligible  to  the  American  Academy  one  must  first  be  a  member 
of  the  National  Institute  of  Arts  and  Letters,  which  society  was  organized  at  a  meeting  of  the  American 
Soc  ial  Science  Association  in  1898.  The  Academy  received  a  national  charter  from  Congress  in  April,  1916. 
The  nualification  for  membership  is  stated  in  the  Constitution.  "It  shall  be  notable  achievement  in  art, 
music  or  literature."     The  number  in  the  institute  is  limited  to  250,  and  the  election  is  by  ballot. 

WAR    INDUSTRIES    BOARD. 

Cfiairman — B.  M.  Biiruch.  Vice  CItainnun — Alexander  I.egge.  Chair.  Price  Fixing  Com. — Robert  S. 
Brookings.  Navy — Rear  Admiral  F.  F.  Fletcher,  hahor — Hugh  Frayiie.  Army — Major  General  George 
W.  Goethals.  Priorities  Com. — Judge  Edwin  B.  Parker.  Cnvi.  of  Finished  Products — George  N.  Peek, 
Steel  Admr. — J.  I..  Replogle.  Technical  Adrtinr — L.  L.  Siinuiiers.  Secretary — H.  P.  Xngels.  Gen.  Covnael, 
— .'Albert  C.  Ritchie.    Asso.  Mem.  Board,  Asst.  to  the  Chairman — Herbert  Bayard  Swope. 

price  Fixiny  Committee — Robert  S.  Brookings,  chairman:  B.  M.  Baruch;  W.  B.  Colver,  chairman  Fed- 
eral Trade  Commi.ssion;  H.  A:  Garfield,  Fuel  Admini.strator;  Hugh  Frayue,  labor  rep..  War  Ind.  Board: 
Commander  John  M.  Hancock,  navy  representative;  Lieut.  Col.  Robert  H.  Montgomery,  .army  representa- 
tive: Henry  C.  Stuart;  Dr.  F.  W.  Taussig,  cliairman  Tariff  Commission.  W.  W.  Phelps,  .secretary. 

Labor  Diilsion — Hugh  Frayne.   chairman. 


Fuel  Administrutor- 


UNITED    STATES    FUEL    ADMINISTRATION. 

Exec.  Sec,  D.avid  Whitcomh.     .idnisers — (Geu.  Counsel)  B.  W, 


Warren,  (Labor)  J.  P.  Wliite,  (Bitumiuous)  Rembrandt  Peale,  (Technical)  S.  A.  Taylor,  (Anthracite)  J.  B. 
Neale,  (Transportation)  G.  N.  Snider.  Asst.  Administrator — Cyrus  Garnsey,  Jr.  Engineers — R.  V.  Norris 
and  J.  H.  Allport.  Dir.  of  Prod. — J.  B.  Neale.  Bvr.  of  Prices — Dir.,  E.  Q.  Trowbridge.  Bur,  of  State 
Organization — Dir.,  W.  E.  Hope;  Asst.,  J.  C.  Cotton.  .Manager,  Field  Reps. — N.  S.  Schroeder.  B2ir.  of 
Conserv. — Dir.,  J.  P.  Noyes.  Bnr.  Traffic  and  Tranap. — Mgr.  inland  traffic,  F.  M.  Whitaker.  Business 
Mgr. — R.  S.  Neely.  Bur.  of  Edne. — Dir.,  E.  R.  Sartwell.  Distribution  Dip. — Geu.  Dir.,  J.  D.  A.  Morrow; 
Asst.,  S.  L.  Yerkes.  Bur.  of  Bitum.  Coal — Dir.,  A.  W.  Calloway.  Bitr.  of  Anthracite — Dir.,  A.  S.  Learoyd; 
Asst.,  C.  W.  White.  Bur.  of  Coke — Dir..  W.  S.  Blauvelt.  Bur.  of  State  Distrib. — Dir.,  A.  M.  Ogle.  OH 
Div. — Gen.  Dir.,  M.  L.  Requa;  Counsel,  N.  B.  Beecher.  Nat.  Gas  Section — Chief,  T.  B.  Gregory,  Produc- 
tion Section — Chief,  T.  A.  O'Donnell.  Pipe  Line  Section — Chief,  S.  A.  Culberson,  Jr.  Bur.  of  Purchase 
and  LnbTicants — Dir.,  A.  E.  Woodman.     Oil  Concert. — Chief,  W.  C,  Robinson. 


FEDERAL     FUEL 

ADMINISTRATORS. 

State. 

Name. 

City. 

,     State. 

Mame. 

City. 

Alabama 

S.  P.  Kennedy 

Annistou. 

Nebraska 

John  L.  Kennedy . . . 

Omaha. 

Arizona 

Will.  L.  Clark 

Phoenix 

Nevada 

E.  H  Walker 

Carson  City. 

Arkansas 

H.  C.  Couch 

Little  Roik. 

New  Euglaml . 

James  J.  Storrow 

Boston. 

California.,.. 

A.  E.  Schwabaohcr.  . 

San  Francisco. 

N.Hampshire. 

Charles  M.  Floj'd... 

Manchester. 

Colorado 

William  J.  Galligan.. 

Denver. 

New  Jersey... 

R.  C.  Jenkinson 

Newark. 

Connecticut . . 

Thomas  W.  Rug.scll.. 

Hartford. 

New  Mexico. . 

Wm.  C.  McDonald.. 

Carrizozo. 

Delaware  J .. .. 

Chas.  H.  Ten  Wecges 

Wilmington. 

New  York .... 

Delos  W .  Cooke .... 

New  York. 

Diat.  of  Col... 

John  L.  Weaver 

Washington 

N.  Carolina., . 

A.  W.  McAlister .... 

Greensboro. 

Florida 

Arthur  T.  Williams. . 

Jacksonville. 

North  Dakota 

I.  P.  Baker 

Bismarck. 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Dr.  L.  G.  Hardman. . 
Frank  R.  Gooding . . 

Commerce. 
Gooding. 

Oliio 

Homer  H.  Joiinaon .  . 
P.  A.  Norris 

Columbus. 

Oklahoma... . 

Ada. 

Illinois 

John  E.  Williams...  . 

Chicago. 

Oregon 

Fred  J.  Holmes 

Portland. 

Indiana 

Evans  Woollen 

Indianapolis. 

Pennsylvania . 

William  Potter 

Philadelphia. 

Iowa 

Charles  Webster .... 
Emerson  Carey 

Des  MoiufS. 
Hutchinson. 

Rhode  Island . 
S.  Carolina.. . 

George  H.  Holmes... 
B.  B.  Gossett 

Providence.  • 

Kansas 

Anderson. 

Kentucky 

Wiley  B.  Bryan 

Louisville 

.South  Dakota. 

W.  G.  Bickelhaupt . . 

Aberdeen. 

Louisiana 

John  G.  O'Kelley .  .  . 

New  Orleii  ns 

Tennessee .... 

W.  E.  Myer 

Nashville. 

Maine         , 

.T   C  Hamlen 

Portland 

Texas . . , 

Wilev  Blair 

Dallas. 

Maryland .... 

Ferdinand  A.  Meyer . 

Baltimore. 

Utah 

W.  W.  Armstrong . . . 

Salt  Lake  City. 

Massachusetts 

James  J.  Storrow 

Boston. 

Vermont 

H.  J.  M.  Jones 

Montpelier. 

Michigan 

William  K.  PrudUeu . 

Lansing. 

Virginia 

Harry  F.  Byrd 

Richmond. 

Minnesota. . ,  . 

John  F.  McGee 

Minneapolis. 

Washington .  . 

David  Whltcomb.... 

Seattle. 

Miss'sslppl . . . 

C.  L.  Townes 

Minter  City. 

West  Virginia. 

J.  Walter  Barnes  — 

Fairmont. 

Missouri 

Wallace  Crossley . .. . 

Jefferson  Cit^'. 

Wisconsin .... 

W.  N.  Fitzgerald.... 

Milwaukee. 

Montana 

W.  J.  Swindleiuust . . 

Helena . 

W'  yoming .... 

Augustine  Kendall .. . 

Rock  Springs. 

NEW    YORK    FUEL    ADMINISTRATION. 
Delos  W.  Cooke,  New  York  State  Federal  Fuel  .Administrator,  headquarters,  151  Fifth  Ave.;  with  the 
ToHowing  deputies: 


iManhattan — Reeve  Schley,  65  Bi-oadway. 
Bronx — Cynis  C.  Miller,  Board  of  Trade  Bldg., 

i;<7th  Street  near  Third  A. venue. 
l^rooklyn — Fred  E.  (^.unnison,  44  (.',cm%  Street. 


I  Queens— Geo.  J.  Ryan,  Bridge  Plaza,  L.  I.  C. 

E.031  i  Richmond— Otis  Williams.  37  Wall  Street,  N.  Y':Citr. 

'  Vv'tr-itchester — Paul  K.  Randall.  Court  Hotise.  Wnlt® 

I  ri->ms,  N.  Y. 


Vacant  PiMic  Lands  in  the   United  States. 


217 


VACANT    PUBLIC    LANDS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  following  ligures,  revised  officially  to  July  1,  1918,  show  the  acres  of  surveyed  and  unsurveyci 
nubile  lauds  in  the  U.  S.,  the  figures  in  parenthesis  being  acreage  of  xmsurveyed  domain:  Alahama,  35,220; 
Arizona,  6,829,800  (14,426,210);  Arlcansas,  281.436  (7,040);  California,  15,900,150  (4,628,884);  Colorado, 
8,441,461  (1,830,494):  Florld<a,  114,726;  Idaho,  8,167,725  (5,154,991);  Kansas,  6,275:  Louisiana,  33,649 
(11,910);  Michigan,  72,829;  Minnesota,  469,973:  Mississippi,  42,064;  Missouri,  147;  Montana,  3,335,963 
(4,865,()56) ;  Nebraska,  105,909  (2,647):  Nevada,  31,848,173  (23,234,027):  New  Mexico,  13,692,216  (5,423,- 
338);  North  Dakota,  116,138;  Oklahoma,  31,715;  Oregon,  13.369,819  (955.772):  South  Dakota,  793,040 
(44,186);  Utah,  14,010,343  (17,465,576);  Washington,  931,872  (328,111);  Wisconsin,  6,146;  Wyoming, 
23,695,511  (1,838,683).     Grand  total,  142,231,300  (80,216,925). 

The  unappropriated  lands  in  Alaska  are  not  included  herein.  The  total  area  of  Alaska  Is  378,165,760 
acres,  of  which  about  23,884,000  acres  are  reserved.  Approximately  1,006,762  acres  have  been  surveyed 
under  the  rectangular  system. 

Cash  receipts  of  the  General  Land  Office  during  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1918:  From  disposal 
of  pubUc  lands,  53,421,026.81;  sales  of  Indian  lands,  81,935,773.73:  leases  of  power  permits,  etc.,  $13,670.I0j 
depredations  on  the  public  lauds,  322,643.40;  copies  of  records  and  plats,  631,110.36:  and  sales  of  Govern- 
ment property,  etc.,  S7,703.26;  total  receipts  for  the  year,  55,431.827.60. 

Area  of  public  and  Indian  lands  originally  entered  during  the  fiscal  year,  9,974,331.61  acres;  area  ol 
lauds  patented,  9,552,452.21. 

The  total  number  of  entries,  acres  sold  and  amount  received  therofor  under  the  Timber  and  Stoue  acta 
of  June  3,  1878,  and  August  4,  1892,  were:  From  June  3,  1878,  to  June  30,  1918,  entries,  103,422  acres» 
13,445,946.69;  amount,  334,101,638.40. 

UNITED  STATES  LAND  OFFICES  AND  OFFICER.^  A.S  OF  OCTOBER  18,  191S. 


ST.ME, 

Ala 

Alaska, 


Ariz. 
Arlt.. 


Oal... 


Col. . . 


Fla. . . 
Idaho. 


Kan. . 

Iji.  .. 
Mich. 
Minn. 


Miss.. 
Mo. . . 
Mont. 


Office. 


Register. 


Montg'ery. 
Fairbanks.. 
Juneau.. . . 

Nome 

Phoenix . . . 
Camden . . . 
Harrison.. . 
Little  Rock 
El  Centro.. 
Eureka.. . . 
Inde'd'nce. 
Lqs  Angeles 
Sac'mento . 
S.  Fran' CO. 
Susanville.. 

Visalia 

Del  Norte. 
Denver. . . . 
Durango. . . 
Glenw'd  S. 

Hugo 

Lamar 

Leadville. . 
Montrose. . 
Pueblo .... 
Sterling...  . 
Gainesville. 
Blackfoot. . 

Boise 

C.  d'Alene. 

Hailey 

Lewiston . . 
Dodge  City 
Topeka 
Bat.  Rouge 
Marquette 
Cass  Lake- 
Crookston 

Duluth 

Jackson. . 
Springfield. 
Billings.. 
Bozeman 
Glasgow. 
Great  Falls 
Havre. . . . 
Helena . . . 
Kallspell.. 
Lewiston . 


Cato  D.  Glover 

J.  E.  Clark 

C.  B.  Walker... 
Thos.  McGann. 
John  L.  Irvin .  .' 
R.  D.  Newton.. 
J.  L.  Clendenin. 
John  W.  Allen.. 
Vene  Bloomer. . 

F.  P.  Wheeler. . 
O.  C.  Harper. . . 

B.  T.  Groves.. . 
H.  P.  Andrews. 
J.  B.  Sanford... 
Jas.  A.  Nutting 

C.  A.  Ferguson 
H.  H.  Abbott.. 
Mrs.  M.  DargiD 
J.  T.  Joyce 

D.  C.  Weyand.. 
J.  R.  Beavers.  . 
A.  L.  Beavers. . 

E.  J.  Hoefuagels 
O.  C.  Skinner.. 

G.  M.  Dameron 
A.  F.  Browns... 
R.  W.  Davis. . . 
J.  T.  Can-uth .  . 

F.  S.  Heer 

Frank  Langley. 
Ben.  R.  Gray.  . 

H.  Heltfeld 

R.  R.  Wilson . . 

G.  S.  Allen 

E.  D.  Gianelloni 
J.  L.  Hefferman 
A.  G.  Swindleh't 
P.  M.  Rlngdal. 
J.  Winczewskl. 
W.  F.  Cummins 
C.  C.  Davidson 

F.  T.  Woods.  .  . 
F.  W.  Appleton 
T.  R.  Jones 
J.  A.  P.arker .  .  . 
M.W.H'chius'n 

Jos.  Oker 

F.  O.  Williams 
H.  J.  Kelly .  .  . 


Receiver. 


John  S.  Hunter 
Lewis  T.  Erwiu 

F.  A.  Boyle. 

E.  R.  Jordan. 
Scott  White. 
O.  B.  Gordon. 
W.  L.  Snapp. 

A.  M.  Ward. 

B.  H.  Lien. 

G.  D.  Little. 

A.  T.  Force. 
Alex.  Mitchell. 
Sam.  Butler. 
Mrs.G.BCatUdn 
J.  B.  Alvord. 
Joseph  Allen. 
Lee  A.  Ruark. 
W.  A.  Maxwell. 
George  Weaver. 

F.  H.  Selhorst. 
J.  J.  Missemer. 
R.  J.  McGrath. 
Mrs.  A.  Rogers. 
Geo.  W.  Bruce. 
J.  B.  Orman. 
Jolm  W.  Cloyd. 
P.  M.  Colson. 

C.  E.  Harris. 
F.  B.  Kinyon. 

.*  rthur  J.  Ewing 
Wm.  U.  Hews. 

B.  F.  Hoar. 
J.  V.  KiUiou. 
J.  E.  Ban-ett. 
W.  W.  Ventress 
P.  H.  Ross. 
Fred.  A.  King. 
J.  P.  O'Connell. 
J.  L.  Travers. 
H.  C.  Sh.arkey. 
(Abolished.) 

E.  J.  McLean. 
J.  P.  Bole. 
E.C.Hargadine 
Thos.  Corbally 
J.  A.  Mayer. 

F.  F.  Steele. 
O.  E.  Thomas. 
1a.  Hoaglaud. 


ST.^TEl 


omco. 


Mont. . 
Neb. . . 


Nev . . . 
N.Mex, 


N.Dak 


Okla. .  . 
Ore. .  .  . 


S.  Dak 


Utah. 
Wash. 


Wis.  . 
Wyo. . 


Miles  City. 
Missoula.  . 
Alliance.  ., 
Brok'nBow 
Lincoln. . .  . 
N.- Platte.. 

O'Nell 

Valentine. . 
CarsonCity 

Elko 

Clayton. . . 
Ft.  Stunner 
Las  Cnices 
Roswell.  .  . 
Sante  Fc. . 
rucumc4ul. 
Bismarck . . 
Dickinson.. 

Minot 

Williston .  . 
Guthrie.  .  . 

Burns 

La  Grande. 
Lakevlew. . 
Portland.. . 
Roseburg . . 
The  Dalles. 

Vale 

Belief' chc. . 
Gregory . .  . 
Lenimon. . . 

Pierre 

Rapid  City 
T'ber  Lake 
S.  L.  City. 
Vernal .... 
N.  Yakima 
Seattle.. 
Spokane. 
Vancouver. 
W.  Walla. 
Waterville. 
Wausau . . . 

Buffalo 

Cheyenne. . 
Douglas . . . 
Evanston. . 
Lauder. . .  . 
Sundance. . 


Register. 


G.  W.  Myers. . . 
F.M.MacHaffle 
r.  J.,0'Keete.  . 
M.  C.  War'gton 
H.  A.  Meier...  . 

E.  J.  Eames.  .  . 
J.  P.  Golden.  .. 
C.  A.  Rosseter.. 
S.  J.  Rogers..  .  . 
J.  E.  Robbins.  . 
Paz  Valverde.. . 
W.  R.  McGlll.. 
J.  L.  Burnside. . 
Emmett  Palton 

F.  Delgado .... 
R.  P.  Donolioo. 

P.  E.  Bryue 

W.  B.  Dickson. 
C.  R.  Bierly.  .  . 
W.  E.  Byerly.  . 
J.  Y.  Callahan. 
V.  G.  Cozad . .  . 
C.  S.  Dunn. . .  . 
J.  F.  Burgess. . . 
N.  Campbell. . . 
W.  H.  Cannon . 
H.  F.  Woodc'ck 

T.  Jones 

J.  A.  Ross 

E.  M.  Starcher. 
J.  C.  Stoner. . . . 
Jolm  Cogan. .  . . 

J.  W.  Mee 

W,  Healey 

G.  B.  Blakely.. 

P.  Hanson 

R.  Strobach.. . . 
G.A.C.Roch'ter 

J.  L.  Wiley 

Henry  A.  Porter 

F.  M,  Hedger. . 

B.  Spear.. ..... 

H.  Schmidt 

R.  R.  Read 

W.  Reid 

W.  H.  Fowler.. 

A.  Nisbet 

R.  Coimagham. 

C.  H.  Massie..,. 


Receiver. 


J.  T.  Hamilton. 
W.  E.  McMurry 
J.  C.  Morrow. 
J.  P.  Robertson, 
G.  G.  Beams. 
A.  F.  Beeier. 
F.  Campliell. 
F.  M.  Broome. 
A.  B.  Gray. 
A.  G.  Dawley. 
Thos.  E.  Owen» 
R.  Harrison. 
S.  P.  As'^arate. 
Wm.  G.  Cowan. 
Juan  N.  Vigil. 
F.  S.  y  Baca. 

F.  L.  Brant. 
E.  J.  Hughes. 
A.  J.  Schroer. 

C.  A.  Mansfield. 
A.  X.  Campbell. 
S.  Mothershead. 
N.  Skiff. 

A.  J.  Foster. 

G.  I.  Smith. 
R.  R.  Turner. 
L.  A.  Booth. 
M.  N.  Fegtly. 
K.  E.  Baxter. 

D.  F.  B'kholder 
J.  K.  Clark. 
LeR.E.C'm'ngfe 
W.H.Tompkins. 
W.  W.  Sparks; 
H.  C.  Jex. 

A.  F.  Young. 
C.  E.  Rusk. 
J.  W.  Oyea. 
W.  F.  Page. 
J.  J.  O'Keane. 
W.  A.  White. 
S.  S.  Beggs. 
K.  A.  Beyreis. 
G.  T.  Stahl. 
L.  Voorhees. 
Julia  M.  Cros^ 
J.  P.  Folger. 
W.  H.  Edley. 
C.  R\  Voeruan. 


V  S.  Surveyors  General — Alaska,  Juneau,  Cliarles  E.  Davidson;  Arizona,  Phoehix,  irank  P.  Trot i,;  Cali- 
fornia, San  Francisco,  Frank  H.  Gould:  Colorado,  Denver,  John  B.  McGauran;  Idaho,  Boise,  i!.dwar<J 
Hedden;  Montana,  Helena,  Henry  Gerharz;  Nevada,  Reno,  John  B.  O'SuUlvan;  New  Mexico,  SanM 
Fe,  Lucius  Dills:  Oregon,  Portland,  Edward  G.  Worth;  South  Dakota,  Huron,  William  A.  Lynch: 
Utah,  Salt  Lake  City,  Ingwald  C.  Thoresc-n;  Waslilngton,  Olympia,  Edward  A.  FitzHenry;  Wyoming, 
Cheyenne,  Charles  L.  Decker. 

Oiiefs  of  Field  Dtufsfons— Portland,  Ore.,  Harry  E.  Laughlin;  San  Francisco,  George  Hajmorth;  Juneau. 
Alaska,  C.  R.  Arundell;  Helena,  Ira  Laiitz;  Denver,  M.  D.  McEniry;  Cheyenne,  Adelbert  Baker, 
Southern,  Charles  W.  Atktason.  Jackson,  Mis.s.;  Salt  Lake  City,  Hf;  Stanley  Hinrichs;  Santa  Fe,  B.  H. 
,,01bb8,  Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex. 

Supervisors  of  Svrvcys — Frank  M.  .liOinsan,  ]>enver. 


218        Receipts  and  Dishursements  oj  the  U.  S.,  hy  Months. 

RECEIPTS    AND    DISBURSEMENTS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES,   BY     MOWTIHS. 

(Exchielve  of  postal  revenuea  and  disbursements  paid  from  postal  revenues.) 


Ordinary  Rbceipt.s. 

Ordinary  Disbttrsements, 

MO.STHS. 

Income 

Total 

Total 

Checks 

Int.  on 

Customs. 

and  Excess 

Internal 

Miscel- 

Ordinary 

and 

Public 

Total. 

Pi-ofitsJTax 

Revenue. 

laneous. 

Receipts. 

Warrants. 

Debt. 

1917 — June 

$18,717,886 

$195,555,194 

$252,082,100 

$18,633,205 

$289,433,192 

$133,833,598 

$470,441 

$134,304,040 

July 

15,805,129 

9,478.880 

60,374,840 

7,575,979 

83,755,949 

204,763,290 

3,535,740 

208,299,031 

Aug 

16,902,255 

4,243,091 

48,170,690 

9,839,107 

73,912,053 

275,527,376 

1,910,623 

277,438,000 

Sept 

15,201,388 

6,026,475 

47,291,868 

12,967,317 

75,460,574 

348,579,259 

434,046 

349,013,305 

Oct 

13,(i<17,946 

6,987,904 

.56.306,319 

20,226,366 

90,181,132 

458,575,257 

3,470,102 

462,045,359 

Nov 

11,935,389 

6,720,898 

88,257,600 

39,175,579 

139,368,569 

610,954,079 

1,997,955 

512,952,035 

Dec 

11,247.214 

13,725,534 

75,150,610 

18,034,677 

104,432,502 

594,718,375 

16,579,049 

611,297,425 

1918— Jan 

12,163,216 

10,702,143 

73,093,908 

17,796,189 

103,053,314 

701,615,470 

13,686,569 

715,302,039 

Feb 

12,019,441 

13,200,936 

72,316,414 

14,177,234 

98,513,090 

661,905,604 

3,495,086 

665,400,69^ 

March. . . 

18,106,373 

31,424,027 

121,059,264 

16,536,309 

155,701,947 

818,472,072 

1,654,109 

820,126,181 

April 

16,445.531 

83,012.299 

176,126,011 

16,111,894 

208,083,438 

903,894,642 

6,862,116 

910,756.753 

May 

19,925,706 

342,104,796 

477,186,725 

97,254,972 

594,367,405 

1,012,048,047 

56,1,54,979 

1,068,203,026 

June 

17,598.789 

1,786,647,885 

1,890,700,056 
TO,444.442 

22,817,686 

1,931,116,532 

1,193,081,328 

70,833,577 

1,263,914,905 

July 

15,837,889 

497,496,376 

21,974,SI0 

641,257,143 

1.221,040,639 

38,741,959 

1,259,782,599 

Aug 

14,175,802 

30.795,666 

114..=i31.789 

22.645,000 

151.352,.592 

1,526.931,177 

2,029,399 

1,524,901,777 

Public  Debt  receipts. 

PUBLIC  Debt  Disbursements. 

Months. 

Dep.  tor 

Retire 

Trcas  Notes. 

Sale  of 
Liberty 
Bonds. 

War  Savings 

and  Thrift 

Stamps. 

Rale  of 

C'enifi.  of 

Indebt. 

Bonds.Notes 

and    Certifi. 

Retired. 

Certifi.  of 

Indebt. 
Redeemed. 

Bank 

Notes 
Retired. 

1917— June.... 
Julv .  . . . 

$450,837 

5,853,640 

316,400 

412.197 

5,307,495 

349,000 

613,867 

10,295,440 

2,495,4,50 

466,090 

795,350 

1,294,342 

2.236,697 

538,840 

9,840.857 

$1,385,018,756 

$200,000,000 

$2,870 

260 

30 

1.720 

1,630 

6,960 

1,889 

103,623,176 

150,636,604 

40,479,251 

385,005,823 

1,398,137,989 

2,035,031,300 

1,475,077,303 

142,165,829 

$626,196,844 

46,782,110 

222,150,633 

13,981,356 

134,048,438 

1,218,290,632 

1.434,487,863 

$2,867,362 
7,466,790 

-Aug 

Sept .... 
Oct 

353,230,144 

146.459,249 

177,299,034 

2.528,784,351 

719.252,030 

■100,197,498 

9,513,421 

601,999 

105,125,622 

2,484,011,881 

Jfil8,S88,457 

.i:.l8.848,63I 

.1412.099,620 

5.50,000,000 

505,342,000 

1,370,947,000 

244,204,000 

691,622,000 

735,572,500 

1,184,834.000 

924,638,500 

1,1.50,805,500 

323,938.500 

1,008,828,000 

1,638,763,600 

J821,.508,900 

2.477.597 
2,310,382 

7,125,115 

1.846,247 

Dec 

1918 — .Tan..   .. 

$10,236,151 
24,.559,722 
41,148,2(4 
53,967.864 
60,972,984 
57,956.640 
.58,250,485 
211,417.942 
13.041.200 

1,439,725 
11,103,065 

Feb 

2,041,195 

1.379,295 

April 

May 

June     .  . 

9,341,132 

1,266,455 

1,190,225 

-  July 

Aug 

5,811,070 
1,743,332 

Purchase  of  Obligations  of  Foreign  Governments — 19i7:  June.  3277,500,000;  July,  Slo2„">00,U00;  August, 
S478,000,000;  September,  §390,000,000;  October,  84X0,700,000:  November,  3471,929,7.50:  J>ecpniber.  S492.- 
000.000.  1918:  January,  3370,200,000;  February.  ."iS^o.noo.OOO;  March,  8317.500,000;  April,  8:^87,500.000; 
-May,  $424,000,000;  June,  8242.700,000;  July,  3343,485,000;  August,  3279,250,000. 

••    The  ordinary  receipts  tn  the  year  ended  June  30.  1917.  were:  Customs,  3225,902,393;  internal  revenue. 

.8809,366,207;  misc..  $82,845,52.5;  total  ord.  rec,  31,1 18,174,120;  ordinary  dl.sbursementr,,  civil  and  misc.  Items. 

8234,649.248;  War  Dept.,  8440,270,880  (exclusive  of  Panama  Canal  expend.);  Navy  Dept.,  32.57,166,437; 

Indians,  330.598,093;  pensions,  .'5100,318,405:  int.  on  pub.  debt,  .S24,742.129;  total  ord.  disb.,  .S'  ' 

MONEY    IX    THE    UNITED    STATE.S    TREASURY— 1893-191S 


•SI, 147,898.991, 


July  1. 


1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


Gold  Coin 
and  Bullion. 


$90,519, 
04.970, 
108,236, 
102,494, 
141,363, 
107,752, 
251,104, 
222.844, 
247,811, 
253,801, 
254.102, 
210,183, 
221.381, 
200.489, 
304,019, 
221,912, 
227.098, 
242.411, 
233, .533, 
264.028, 
258,303, 
252,962, 
247,746, 
238,093, 
214,941, 
245,602, 


833 

622 

753 

781 

989 

728 

415 

953 

938 

291 

230 

723 

660 

841 

431 

063 

852 

286 

255 

,64(L 

327f 

971 

370 

644 

127 

753 


Silver 
Dollars. 


.«i7.357,028 
15,860,217 
30,079,665 
39,266,624 
31,933,311 
11,534,103 

0,560,759 
15,749,107 
23,835,062 
24,830,189 
27,275,973 
27,439,081 
30,306,821 
012,344,108 
10,340,313 
21,670,450 
14,356,495 
13,575,756 
39,043,622 
25,785,046 
24.357,478 
16,931,016 
19,400,104 

9,846,285 
17,289,218 
38,085,508 


Smaller 
Coin. 


,«S11,945,257 

17,738,968 

16,604,420 

15,767.056 

10,201,960 

12,070,690 

5,800,728 

0  702,754 

10,587,557 

11,462,534 

9,307,873 

11,533,678 

13,386,482 

6,595,416 

8,674,817 

23,177,618 

27,076,748 

19.575.017 

21,185,641 

25,554,007 

20,737,926 

22,040,989 

26,164,295 

17,440,437 

4.422,622 

14,940,804 


U.  -S. 
Notes. 


315,906,590 

21,156,414 

27,587,031 

90,541,148 

39,766,394 

36,546,994 

18,054,174 

29,004,471 

16,635,610 

12,389,294 

12,432,449 

12,921,.591 

14,260,319 

10,740,796 

4,410,961 

7,284,694 

6,562,749 

11,893,L46 

7,691,894 

8,983,695 

9,465,836 

8,835,369 

14,338,770 

4,961,469 

10,719,778 

6,744,783 


Nat.  Bk. 
Note.s. 


34,043,900 

6,635,044 

4,737,984 

10,832,425 

5,123,683 

4,909,189 

3,545,432 

9,525,332 

8,631,386 

11,195.575 

13,673,941 

16,207,259 

15,690,957 

13,111,122 

14,546,565 

06,685,237 

•24,381,268 

29,771,198 

40,493,225 

39,992,733 

43,403,670 

35,491,862 

33,880,546 

24,773,806 

17,971,4.59 

20,068,477' 


Treasury 
Notes. 


.SO, 334,613 

17,902.988 

30,145,231 

34,638,033 

31.397,763 

2,900,843 

956,516 

723,058 

258,402 

197.224 

166,3.52 

75,943 

140,982 

48,680 

12,465 

18,470 

11,585 

9,475 

8,744 

13,430 

3,330 

11,237 

9,313 


Total  in 
Treasun,'. 


3142,107.227 
144,270,253 
217,391,084 
203,540,067 
265.787,100 
235,714,547 
286,022,024 
284,549,675 
307,760,015 
313.876.107 
317,018,818 
284,361,276 
295,227,211 
333. .329,963 
342,604,552 
340,748,532 
300,087.697 
317,235,878 
341,956,381 
364,357,557 
356,331,567 
336.273,444 
420,236,612 
458,961,371 
644,414,394 
356,124,760 


CONFERENCE     COMMITTEE     ON      NATIONAL     PREPAREDNESS,     INC 


'  OsoANizED  Jane  3,  1915.  The  committee  i)ubli3hes  booMet.s  and  pamphlet.s.  and  gratuitously  .diri-' | 
tributes  books  on  national  defense.  The  offloers  are:  Chninium — Henry  A.  Wise  'iVood,  New  York,  i 
Treaswer — Alan  R.  Hawley.  New  York.     Secreiaii/ — James  E.  Clark.  1  Madison  Ave-iue.  New  Yor's  ' 


York.  I 
City.  ] 


N.  Y.  State  Worhnen^s  Compensation  Insurance  Fund.       21S 

iU.   S.   DEBT     INTEREST    AMD    COIN    IN    CIRCULATION      1800-1 9 18. 


(I'ISC.-iL.) 


1800... 
1810... 
1820... 
1830... 
1840.. . 
I860.. . 
1865. . . 
1860... 
1861.  .'. 
1862.. . 
1863. . . 
1864... 
1865. .. 
I860.. . 
1867. .. 
1868.. . 
1869.  .. 
1870. . . 
1871... 
1872... 
1873... 
1874..., 
1875..., 
187G. . . . 
1877... , 
1878... , 
1879... . 

1880 

1881..., 
1882.. 
1883.. . 
1884;:,  . 
188r...  . 
188G.,.  . 
1887 . . . 
1888. .. 
1880... 
1890.. . 
1891.. . 
1892.. . 
1893.. . 
1894.. . 
1895.. . 
1896... 

1897 

1898 

1899.,.. 
1900..i/. 
190t.',!. 
1902...  ;, 
1903 . . .  , 

1904 

1905.;.. 

190S,:.. 

1907.... 
1908 VOi. 
1909:..>.  . 
1910iv. . 
191 10.. . 
1912 .v.. 
1913:::. 
1914; . . . 
1915!.;:, 
1916'. . .  , 
1917. v.  , 
1918::.  . 


hesa 

Cash  in 

Treas. 


Dollars. 

82,976,294 

63.173,217 

9i;015,566 

48,565,406 

3,573,343 

63.452,773 

35,586,956 

59,964,402 

87,718,600 

505,312,752 

111,350.737 

;709,452,277 

,674,815.856 

635,036,103 

508,151,211 

480,853,413 

,432,771,873 

331,169,056 

246,994,068 

149,780,530 

105,462,000 

,104,149,153 

090,041,170 

0G0,925,3-;0 

019,275,431 

999,382,280 

,996,414,905 

919,326,747 

819,650,154 

675,023,474 

538,781,825 

43S,.542,995 

,375,352,443 

282,145,840 

175,168,675 

,063,004,894 

975,939,750 

890,784,370 

851,912,751 

841,526,403 

838,969,47.5 

899,313,380 

901,672,966 

955,297,253 

986,656,086 

,027,085,492 

,155,320,235 

,107,711,257 

,044,739,119 

969.457,241 

925,011.637 

967,231,773 

989,866,772 

964,435,686 

878,596,755 

938,132,409 

,023,861,530 

,046.449,185 

,015,784.33?. 

,027,574,697 

,028,564,055 

,027,257.009 

,090,14*,00r, 

,006,2Sr,.57j2 

,908,63.5,224 

760,290,132 


Debt 
Per 

Capita 


DoUs. 
15.63 
7.34 
9.4-t 
3.77 
.21 
2.74 
1.31 
1.91 
2.74 
15.45 
33.31 
50.21 
76.98 
74.32 
69.26 
67.10 
64.43 
60.46 
56.81 
52.90 
50 .  52 
49.17 
47 .  53 
45.00 
43 .  50 
42.01 
40.85 
38.27 
35.40 
31.91 
2S .  66 
26.20 
24 .  50 
22.34 
20 ,  03 
17.72 
15.92 
14.15 
13,34 
12.93 
12.64 
13.30 
13.08 
13 .  Oil 
13. 7S 
14.08 
15.55 
14.58 
13.46 
12.24 
11.44 
11.73 
11.77 
n.25 
10.00 
10.55 
11.31 
1 1 . 3.5 
10.83 
10.77 
10.60 
10.41 
111.87 
9 .  .SS 
18.44 
111.88 


Interest- 
Bearing  Debt 
July  1. 


Dollnr.i. 

82,076.201 

53,173,218 

91.015.566 

48,565.406 

3,.->73,344 

03,4.52.774 

36,586,957 

64,640,838 

90,380,874 

365,304,827 

707,531.634 

1.369,930.764 

2,221,311.918 

2.332,331,208 

2.248.067,388 

2.202,088.728 

2,162,060,522 

2,046,455,722 

)  ,934,696,7,50 

1,814,794,100 

1,710,483,950 

1,738,930,750 

1,722.676,300 

1,710,085,4.50 

1,711,888.500 

1,794,735,6.50 

1.797,043,700 

1,723,993,100 

1,639,567.750 

1 .463,810.400 

I,.33S,229,150 

1,226,563,850 

1,406,150,950 

1.140,074,100 

1.021,692,350 

050,.522,500 

829,853,990 

725,313,110 

610,529,120 

585,029,330 

,585,037.100 

635.041,890 

716,202,060 

847,363,890 

847,365,130 

847,367,470 

1,046,048,750 

1,023,478,860 

987,141,040 

931,070,340 

914,541,410 

895,157,440 

895,158,340 

•895,169.140 

894.834.280 

897,503,990 

913,317,490 

913.317.490 

91o.3.53,190 

963,776,770 

065.706.010 

907,9.53,310 

909,759,090 

971,552,,590 

2,712,.549,47fi 

12,-578,985,282 


Annual 
Interest 
Charge. 


Dollarg. 

3,402.601 

3,163,671 

5.151,004 

1,912,575 

174,598 

3,782,393 

.    2,314,465 

3,443,687 

5,092,630 

22.048.510 

41.854.148 

78.853,487 

137,742,617 

146,068,190 

138,892,451 

128,459„598 

125,523,098 

118,784,960 

111,949,331 

103,988,403 

98,049,804 

98,796,005 

96,855,691 

96,104,269 

93,160,644 

94,654,473 

83,773,779 

79,633,981 

75,018,696 

57,360,111 

51,4.36,710 

47,926,433 

47,014,133 

45,510,098 

41,7.80,530 

38,991,935 

33,752,355 

29,417,603 

23,615,736 

22,893,883 

22,894,194 

25,394,386 

29,140,792 

34,387,266 

34,387,315 

34,387,409 

40,847,873 

33,545,130 

29,789,153 

27,542,940 

25,541,573 

24,176,745 

24,176,781 

23,248,06? 

21,628,914 

21,101.197 

21,275,002 

21,275,602 

21,336,673 

22,787.084 

22,835,330 

22,891,49,8 

22,936,042 

23,084,636 

83,625,481 

83,265,481 


int. 

Per 

Capita. 


DoUs. 

0.64 

.44 

.53 

.15 

.01 

.16 

.08 

.11 

.16 

.67 

1.25 

2.32 

3.96 

4.12 

3.84 

3.48 

3.32 

3.08 

2.83 

2.66 

2.35 

2.31 

2.20 

2.11 

2.01 

1.99 

1.71 

1.59 

1.46 

1.09 

.96 

.87, 

.8* 

.79 

.71 

.65 

.63 

.47 

.37 

,35 

.35 

.38 

.42 

.49 

.43 

.47 

.54 

.44 

.38 

.35 

.32 

.29 

.29 

27 

:2.5: 

.24 

.23 

.23i 

,23 

.24 

.24i 

.231 

.  23: 

.23 

.82 

.82 


Gold  in 
Circulation. 


SiJvor  1b 
CircuiatiOD. 


2 

25 
25 
110 
225 
315 
358 
344 
340 
341 
358 
376 
391 
376 
374 
407 
408 
408 
495 
479 
454 
517 
657 
679 
610 
629 
632 
617 
645 
651 
668 
561 
613 
599 
590, 
589 
610 
608, 
611, 
.590 
637, 
690, 
1107 


Dollar  i. 
16,000,000 
27,000,000 
22,300,00(1 
20,344,295 
79.336,91C. 
147,395,456 
231,068,024 
228,304,775 
246,400,000 
25,000,000 
25,000.000 
26,000,000 
25,000,000 
25,000,000 
25,000,00(1 
25,000,000 
25,000,000 
26,000,000 
25,000,000 
26,000,000 
25,000,000 
25,000,000 
25,000,000 


,000,000 
000,000 
000,000 
505,362 
695,779 
;312.877 
,251.325 
053.495 
624.203 
668,411 
219,575 
,540,681 
114.033 
481,568 
258,923 
319,163 
568,824 
535,663 
976.730 
,637,961 
,905,064 
,589,688 
,950,463 
,738,050 
806,472 
790,765 
.394,289 
,260,739 
817,576 
063,589 
655,075 
697.371 
244,810 
337,698 
877,993 
295,538 
724,154 
400,799 
544,681 
133,619 
2.50,272 
574,527 
.531,243 


21,055,12S 

37,884,853 

55,127,673 

09,383,023 

68,622,346 

76,181,776 

78,783,769 

82,125,749 

86,351,008 

82,789.890 

98.842,613 

104,132,686 

105,!J89,710 

106,934,463 

110,311.336 

117,046,399 

120,111,166 

122,399,639 

112,075.619 

112,336.057 

112,321,365 

111„556,690 

122,539,886 

130,547,250 

142,0.50,334 

140.1.56,537 

154,408,677 

166,117,934 

160.'?42,169 

175,022,043 

188.630,872 

20:>,-i  87,845 

20(),506,822 

20^,.S  19,698 

208,016,245 

210,807.772 

215,373,772 

226,586,203 

230,266,183 

223,913.111 

237,864,783 

265,677,472 

294.548,105 


(lOM  aivA  sil-.c;-  cannot  be  stated  separately  prior  to  1876.  From  1862  to  187.5,  inclusive,  gold  and  .■'liver 
were.noi  in  circnUition  except  on  the  Piiciflc  Coast,  where  it  is  estimated  that  «iie  average  specie  circuUition 
was  iboilt  325,000,000,  and  this  estimate  is  conthiued  for  the  three  follovTing  years  under  the  head  of  g:old. 
After  that  period  gold  was  available  for  circulation.  As  the  result  of  Si)ocial  investigation  by  the  Director 
of  the  Mint  a  reduction  of  8135,000,000  was  in:i  U>  in  the  estimate  of  goli  coin  in  circtilatlon  on  July  I,  1907, 
ai^  compared  with  the  basis  of  previous  year,^-,  avid  on  Sept.  1,  1910,  a  rwhicMon  of  SO. 700,000  was  i-.-ado  in 
the  estimate  of  silver  coin. 

N.  Y.  STATE    WORKRSEN'S    COSs^PEWSATIOPi    tNSURANCE    FUKD. 

fFlnauciai  Statement,  Jime  30,  1918) 

Assets — Investments,  53,245,391;  cash  in  bani,  $327,850;  accrued  interest,  Si0,512;  policyt.olders' 
accounts,  $598,805.     Total,  34,212,560. 

Liabilities — Reserve  for  losses,  S3, 166,367;  reserve  for  defeiTed  claim  expense,  .5126,664;  reserve  for 
unearned  premiums,  8142,726;  rei;erve  for  expenses,  $313,392.  Total,  .'33,749,130.  Surplus.  .$463,430; 
grand  total,  84,212,560. 

The  total  yolurne  of  pi-emiuina  by  all  insurance  carriers,  ,<?tock,  mutual  and  State  Ftmd  for  the  year  191? 
was  $21,342,405,  divided  .'ts  lollowg;  stoclc  comoiuue?.  $36,818,146;  mutual  companies,  32,796,381;  State 
;'und,-,»2,727.S7S. 


:^gO  The  Brotherhood  of  Si.  Andrew. 


SYNOPSIS    OE^   TRUST    ACCOUNTS    OF    ALIEN    PROPERTY 

Following  Js  a'synopsis  of  tUe  trust  accounts  of  the  Alien  Property;  Custodian  s>s  of  September  30, 
1918 — Cash  deposite<l  wioi  Secretary  ol  Treasury,  §54,801,475;  cash  with  depositaries,  $7,469:  stocks, 
•1167,810,774;  bonds — other  than  investments  made  by  Secretary  of  Treasury — $58,281,334;  mortgages, 
^10,866,009;  notes  receivable,  S6, 130,682;  accounts  receivable,  S57»559,207;  real  estate,  $7,311,728;  general" 
businesses  and  estates  in  operation  or  liquidation,  merchandise,  miscellaneous  investments,  etc.,  $85,484,- 
979;  enemy  vessels,  S34,193,690;  total,  8482,447,349. 

Number  of  trusts  reported  to  Alien  Property  Custodian.  25,924;  number  of  trusts  opened,  17,753. 

The  Allen  Property  Custodian,  A.  Mitchell  Palmer,  announced  on  November  4,  1918,  that  he  was 
talking  over  the  property  and  trust  funds  in  this  country  owned  by  or  inherited  from  the  following  women 
ol  American  families  married  to  enemy  aliens: 

Baroness  August.i  Lulse  von  Alten,  Budapest,  Austria,  formerly  Augusta  L.  De  Haven,  and  Sarah 
E.  von  Camps,  Hano\er,  Welfel,  Germany,  formerly  Sarah  E.  De  Haven,  granddaughters  of  the  late  Louisa 
G,  Blgelow,  formerly  of  Chicago.     Estate  valued  at  about  SI  ,400,000.     Each  has  a  life  interest  in  one-third. 

Baroness  Lydia  G.  von  Hammersteln,  formerly  Lydla  Griswold  of  New  York.  Small  intere.st  In 
estate  of  George  Griswold  ol  New  Yorlc  and  $15,500  In  stocks. 

Baroness  Clara  Erhaii;  von  Truchsess,  DUsseldorf,  Germany,  lormerly  Clara  Erliart  of  New  York. 
Life  estate  in-trust  fund  of  $500,000;  stocks,  563,600:  bonds,  S426.800:  notes,  893,900:  cash,  817,429.22. 

BERWIND    ESTATE   AFFECTED. 

Geitrude,  Baroue.«s  von  Bocklin,  Rust  bei  Ringsheim,  Baden,  Germany,  formerly  Gertrude  Berwiud 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Under  the  will  of  Charles  F.  Berwiud,  her  father,  late  of  Philadelphia,  she  received 
laore  than  8300,000  in  property,  which  was  put  in  trust  with  the  property  received  by  the  other  heirs  iu 
this  estate. 

Baroness  Olivia  Louise  von  Rothkirch,  Schloss  Massee,  bel  Trebnltz,  Schlesien,  Germany,  formerly 
Olivia  Louise  Brown,  daughter  of  William  John  Brown  of  New  York,  N.  Y.  Life  interest  in  trust  approxi- 
mating 51,000,000. 

Baroness  Mathilda  L.  Bomemlsza,  Budapest,  Austria,  Baroness  Margaret  von  Wucherer,  Steiermai'k, 
Austria,  and  Anna  ^'on  Dory  Johahaza,  Steleimark,  Austria,  daughters  of  the  late  James  Price  of  Phila- 
delphia and  granddaugiiters  of  the  late  Samiiel  Harlan  of  Philadelphia,  and  Baroness  Manon  Dumreicher, 
Baron  Tibor  von  Berg,  Baron  Ta.ssilo  von  Berg,  and  Baron  Max  von  Berg,  children  of  the  deceased  daughter. 
Baroneps  Sallie  Mae  Berg.  The  above  enemies  share  in  the  income  of  a  trust  under  the  will  of  Sarah  Maria 
Price,  valued  at  $275,000,  and  also  iu  a  trust  created  under  the  will  of  Samuel  Harlan,  Jr.,  valued  at  S75,O00. 

Baroness  Cornelia  C.  Zedlitz,  Berlin,  Germany,  formerly  Cornelia  Carnochan  Roosevelt,  daughter 
of  the  late  Charles  Y.  Roosevdt  of  New  York.  Her  husband.  Baron  Clemens  Zedlitz,  died  in  1901.  Under 
a  trust  agreement  made  lA  1889  in  contemplation  of  marriage,  her  property,  valued  at  about  81,000,000. 
vtds  put  in  trust,  reserving  to  her  a  life  interest.     Personal  property  valued  at  $200,000  also  was  taken  over. 

Coiuitess  Marguerite  Isabelle  Eugenie  Victorine  de  Stuers  Obendorft,  wife  of  former  German  Am- 
bassador to  Austria,  and  daughter  of  Alphon.se  de  Stuers,  Minister  of  Holland  in  France.  She  Is  a  grand- 
niece  of  the  late  Henry  A.stor,  grandson  of  the  original  John  Jacob  Astor,  and  Inherits  a  share  in  his  estate. 
Her  mother  was  Countess  Margaret  Laura  Zborowskl,  daughter  of  Alida  Astor,  a  sister  of  Henry  Astor 
.■ind  daughter  of  William  Astor.  Trust  fund,  800,000,  create<l  by  deed  of  trust  by  her  father;  cash,  89,492.25 
and  8-15  interest  in  New  York  City  property. 

Countess  von  Francken  Sierstorpff,  Zyrowa  Leschnitz,  Prussia,  formerly  Mary  Knowlton,  daughter 
of  Edwin  F.  Knowlton  of  New  York.  Life  interest  trust  fund,  81,200,000,  left  under  the  will  of  her  father: 
bonds,  83(600;  notes,  821,467.55;  ins\n-ance  policy,  810,000:  bank  account,  8216.05.  Remainder  interests 
of  Count  Edwin  Victor  Guido  Fi'ledrich  Wllhelm  Helnrich  Casper  Johannes  Maria  Sierstorpff,  and  Count 
Hans  Clemens  Herman  Friedrich  Wilhelm  Helnrich  Casper  Alexander  Maria  Sierstorpff,  sons  of  the  above 
enemy,  also  taken  over. 

$4,000,000    SECURITIES   TAKEN   OVER. 

Countess  Gladvs  Vauderbilt  Szechenyi,  Budapest,  Hungary,  daughter  of  the  late  Cornelius  Vanderbllt 
and  AUce  G.  Vanderbllt,     Nearly  four  million  dollars  in  securities  taken  over;  also  Income  from  85,000,000  ■ 
trust  fund  created  under  the  will  of  her  father. 

Coimtess  Harriot  SIgray,  Ivaucz  Nagycsakny,  Hungary,  daugliter  of  the  late  Marcus  Daly  of  Montana. 
Securities  taken  over,  Sl.OOO.OOO;  cash,  813,069.81. 

Coimtess  Glady.s  McMillan  Cornet,  Brussels,  Belgium,  formerly  Gladys  McMillan,  daughter  of  the 
late  James  H.  McMillan  of  Detroit.  Life  interest  in  one-tenth  of  trust  of  84,500,000,  created  under  the 
will  of  James  McMillan,  her  grandfather.  Life  interest  in  two-thirds  of  trust  of  8450,000,  created  under 
the  will  of  James  H.  McMiUan,  her  fathfer.  Life  estate  one-tenth  trust  of  8600,000,  created  under  the  will 
ol  Marv  L.  McMillan,  her  grandmother.     Securities  also  taken  over,  8149,725. 

Jayta  Humphreys  von  Wolf,  Munich,  Germany,  daughter  of  the  late  Frederic  Humphreys  of  New 
York,'  the  founder  of  tho  Humphreys  Homeopathic  Medicine  Company.  Life  interest  In  a  trust  ^•aluecl 
.iboUt  850,000,  consisting  largely  of  stock  of  the  above  company  and  bank  balance,  83,036.91. 

Clara  von  Gontard,  Berlin,  Germany,  daughter  of  the  late  Adolphus  Busch  and  Lilly  Busch  of  St. 
Louis.  Lite  interest  in  trust  fund  created  under  the  will  of  Adolphus  Busch,  securities  valued  at  8900,000, 
including  stock  holdings  In  Aulituser-Btisch  Brewing  Company,  St.  Louis. 

•  Marv  Trowbridge  von  Zepplin,  Germany,  formerly  Mary  Wilkens,  Detroit,  Mich.,  wife  of  Congrad 
vou  Zepplin  and  daughter  of  the  late  Lizzie  C.  Wilkens  of  Detroit.     Life  estate  trust  fimd,  840,000. 

Children  of  Sophie  von  Bohlen  und  Halbach,  Baden,  Germany,  formerly  Sophie  Bohlen,  daughter  of 
Gen.  William  Henry  Charles  Bohlen  of  Pennsylvania.  She  died  in  1915,  and  her  children,  all  residiag  in 
Germany,  became  beneficiaries  of  her  estate,  including  trust  fimds  totalling  81,500,000,  aud  boads,  84,000. 

Helen  H.  von  Stralenheim,  Dresden,  Germany:  Louise  von  Trutzschler  zum  Falkenstein.  \'ogtland. 
Germany,  aud  Josepliine  von  Arnim,  Dresden,  Germany,  daughters  of  David  Leavitt,  deceased,  late  of 
New  York.     Each  has  Ufa  ©state,  one-fifth  of  8225,000  trust,  created  under  the»will  of  their  father. 

Katie  von  Kracker,  Mecklenburg,  Germany,  formerly  Katie  Elias,  daughter  of  the  late  Henr.\-  Ellas, 
brewer  of  New  York.  Life  interest  in  one-liulf  of  a  trust  created  under  the  will  of  her  father,  wiUieil  :it 
§300,000. 


THE    BROTHERHOOD   OF   ST.    ANDREW. 

"An  organization  for  the  spread  of  Christ's  Kingdom  among  young  men."  The  work  is  done  tluoug'i 
parochial  chapters.  There  are  1,143  senior  and  junior  chapters,  with  about  12,000  members.  The  offltiial 
organ,  .>'.  Andrew's  Cross,  Is  pubUshed  at  the  national  office.  "The  Brotherhood  will  receive  the  names  and 
addresst-s  of  men  in  any  part  of  the  country  who  might  be  held  or  won  for  God  and  the  Church  by  the 
friendsliip  and  sympathy  of  a  Brotherhood  man."  President — Edward  H.  Bonsall.  First  Vice'-Preslden/. 
— Coiirienay  Barber.  Second  Vice-President — Walter  Kidde.  General  Secretary — G.  Frank  Shelby.  As- 
sociate Ucncral  Sccrdary  and  Editor  St.  Ajulreic's  Cross — George  H.  Randall.  Execvtive  Secretary — Franklin 
H.  Spei:eer.  Army  and  Navy  Deiiartwcm — Cluiirman,  Walter  Kidde:  Chief  Secretary,  B,  F,  Fimi.ey;  Exeoa- 
tive  Secretary,  F  .S.  Titswortb:  Treasurer,  G.  W.  Pepper.  National  rieailciaarteri,  j^e  C^.v.'-■o■.•.  HO'i*^ 
Twelfth  .ind  Walnut  Streets,  Piiiladelphia. 


Fisheries  of  the  United  States. 


a 


21 


UNITED  STATES  COAST  AND  GEODETIC  SURVEY. 

The  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  of  the  Departmeat  ol  Commerce  is  charged  with  the  survey  oi  the 
coasts  of  the  United  States  and  coasts  under  the  Jurisdiction  thereof,  and  the  publication  of  charts  covering 
said  coasts.  •  This  Includes  base  measure,  triangulatlon,  topography  and  hydrography  alon^  said  coasts; 
the  survey  of  rivers  to  the  head  of  tide  v/ater  or  sliip  navigation,  deep  sea  souudlngs,  temperature  and  current 
observations  along  said  coasts  and  throughout  tlie  Gull  and  Japan  Streams,  magnetic  observations  and  re- 
searches and  the  publication  of  maps  sliowlng  the  variations  o'  terrestrial  magnetism;  gravity  researoft* 
determination  of  heights  by  precise  leveling,  the  determination  of  geographic  positions  by  astronoir.io  ob- 
servations for  latitude,  longitude  and  azimuth,  and  by  triangulatlon  to  furnish  reference  points  for  Stato 
surveys  and  to  co-ordinate  governmental  surveys,  the  determination  of  the  shape  and  size  ol  the  eartii  and 
researches  In  isostasy,  whereby  taformation  is  obtained  regarding  vailatlona  from  normal  densities  ia  the 
outer  portions  of  the  earth. 

The  r&sults  obtained  are  published- in  annual  reports  and  in  special  publications^' charts  upon  various 
scales,  including  sailing  charts,  general  chart.'?  of  the  coast  and  harbor  charts;  tide  tables  issued  annually  in 
advance:  coast  pilots  with  sailing  directions  covering  the  navigable  waters;  notice  to  mariners  issued  weekly 
as  a  joint  publication  of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Sui-vey  and  the  Bureau  of  Lighthouses,  and  containina  cur- 
rent taformation  necessary  for  safe  navigation;  catalogues  of  charts  and  publications,  and  such  other  DutK 
Ucatious  as  may  be  "eauired  to  carrv  out  the  organic  law  governing  the  survey. 

The  Act  of  Congress,  approved  May  22,  1917,  provides  for  commissions  for  the  normal  field  force  of 
the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  and  the  President  is  authorized  to  transfer  to  the  service  and  jurisdictioD 
of  the  War  Department  or  Navy  Department  in  time  of  national  emergency  personnel,  vessels  and  eautp- 
ment  of  the  Coast  and  Geodetic  Sm'vey.  Under  this  authority  more  than  half  of  the  normal  field  force  of 
the  bureau  has  been  transferred  to  the  commissioned  personnel  in  the  army  or  navy.  Also  five  vessels  of 
tlie  bm-eau  with  their  crews  have  been  transferred  to  the  Navy  Department.  Besides  members  of  the  norma! 
fleld  force,  many  other  employees  of  the  bureau  have  gone  Into  the  army  or  navy  as  commissioned  officers 
or  privates.  The  demands  of  tlie  Navy  Department  and  other  branches  of  the  Government  service  for 
nautical  charts  published  by  the  bureau  have  been  far  above  the  normal,  and  the  Navy  Department  an<J 
War  Department  have  called  upon  the  biu-eau  for  prompt  hydrographic  and  geodetic  surveys  to  meet  r/jjlitary 
reflrulrements. 


FISHERIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

(Compiled  by  the  Bureau  ol  Fisheries,  Departmeno  of  Commerce.) 


Sections. 

Vessels   Employed. 

Persona 
Employed.  (1) 

Capital 
Invested.     (2) 

Value  of 

No. 

Tons. 

Products. 

South'iAtlantic  States  (1908)* 

Gulf  States  (1908)* 

634 

915 
3,165 
1,623 

319 

39 

1,038 

639 

5,029 
13,665 
45,208 
44,219 

4,499 

273 

24,683 

89.483 

17,961 
15,387 
64,163 
22,157 
8,533 
11,826 
28,936 
29.491 

$3,324,000 

3,901,000 

11,105,000 

11,970,000 

4,814,000 

1,440,000 

24,025,172 

54,937,549 

$4,034,000 

4,824,000 

16,302,000 

15,139,630 

3.767,000 

3,125,000 

9.300,672 

t31, 466.980 

Middle  Atlantic  States  (1908)* 

New  England  States  (1908)* 

Great  Lakes  (1908)* 

M  ississipplRi  ver  andTributaries(  1908)  * 
Pacific  Coast  States  (1915) 

Alaska  Territory  (1917) 

Total 

8,272 

227,059 

188,453 

114.51R.721 

107,959.282 

(1)  The  flgm-es  for  persons  employed  are  not  comparable  with  those  of  prior  reports  compiled  by  the 
Bureau  of  Fisheries,  as  the  figures  for  1908  do  not  Include  those  employed  in  packing  and  canning  establiBh- 
ments.  (2)  The  figures  for  amoimt  of  capital  invested  are  not  comparable  with  pfjor  reports,,  as  the  figures 
for  1908  do  not  Include  the  investment  in  pacldng  houses  and  canneries.  ;  ,  ■ 

The  Pacific  Fishermen's  (January,  1918,  issue)  estimate  of  Paclflc  Coast -.(Including  Alaska)  canned 
salmon  pack  in  1917:  Chinook  or  KJug,  597,704  cases;  sookeye  or  Alaska  redi' 2,908,995, cases;  colK>,nr 
Bllver-eides,  431,160  cases;  humpback,  3,432.573  cases;  chum,  1,173,040  cases;  steelhcad,  •  ^,937  caseti. 
Total,  8,567,409  ca.ses.     1  case=48  pounds.  (     >;  :  ,  -,  j 


VALUE  OF  THE  WORLD'S  FISHERY  PRODUCTS.!: 


(a)  United  States  (including  Alaska) 3107,959,282 

united  States  insular  possessions 15,800,000 

Canada  (1916-1917) ; 39,208,378 

Newfoundland  (1914) 7,971,355 

South  and  Central  America  and  West 

Indies 13,035,000 

England  and  Wales  (1916) 36,686.011 

Scotland  (1916) .• 15,583,235 

Ireland  (1915) 1,423,085 

France,  including  Algeria  (1913)  .'■ 33,034,497 

Russia  (1911) ,^. ; . 50,034,825 

Norway  (1913) ;..... 14,517,281 

Spain  (1914) ^ 13,895,172 

Portugal  (1915) : . • 9,307,071 

Holland  (1912) 7,183,410 


-^-^ 


-I  i-:i,7. 


10,764,605 

S3,848,^7 

4,66%l4!7 

2>078,5l36 

,1,114,375 


Germany  (1913) ,<  j  .ik. .  .■! 

Italy  (1913) ,:. v.; .'<:;..■.; 

Denmark  (1914) i ; .-.  *..•.■. 

Austria-Hungary  (1911-1912). ... . . 

Belgium  (1912) 

All  other  European  countries ,  -    4,8OO,O0fi 

Japan  (1911) ..■. . . . : 63,147,660 

India,  Ceylon,  Persia,  Asiatic  Turkey,,;  .  ,   ; 

Arabia,  Burma,  and  East  India j     20,000)060 

China,    Korea,    and    all    other    .\siatio 

eounti-les i  i  34,(i«jO,0O(J' 

Africa 5,000,000 

Australia,  New  Zealand  and  all  other      5,Wil,000 

Paeiflc  islands .■..,... ; ; — ~ 

Total -■.■ S520,6'22,041 


*  Bureau  of  Census  Report,  "Fisheries  of  United  States,  in  1908."  t  Does  not  Include  the  value  of 
aquatic  furs,    t  Estimated,     (a)  United  States  figures  for  1908  and  1915  as  designated;   Alaska  for  1817,  ; 

UNITED    STATES   BUREAU-  OF   FISHERIES— DEPARTMENT   OF   COMMERCE. 

The  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Fls^ieries  comprises  (1)  the  propagation  of  useful  food  fishes,  including 
lobsters,  oysters,  and  other  shellfish,  and  their  distribution  to  suitable  waters;  (2)  the  Inquiry  Into  the  causea 
of  decrease  of  food  fishes  in  the  lakes,  rivers  and  coast  waters  of  the  United  States,  the  study  of  the  waters 
of  the  coast  and  interior  in  the  interest  of  fish  culture,  and  the  Investigation  of  the  fishing  grounds  of  the 
Atlantic,  Gulf,  and  Pacific  Coasts,  with  the  view  of  determining  their  food  resources  and  the  development 
of  the  commercial  fisheries;  (3)  the  collection  and  compilation  of  the  statistics  of  the  fisheries  and  the  study 
Of^methods  of  capture;  apparatus  and  boats  employed,  of  the  methods  of  preservation  of  fishery  products 
and  the  development  of  uses  for  the  little  used  or  neglected  products.  The  bureau  also  has  Jurisdiction 
over  the  fur-seal  herds  and  the  salmon  fisheries  of  Alaska.  OtBce.  Sixth  and  B  Streets,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The  ofBcial  force  of  the  bureau  Is  as  follows;  Commissioner — Hngh  M.  Smith.  Deputy  Commissioner— 
Henry  F.  Moore.  Chief  Clerk — I.  H.  Dunlap.  Assistants  In  charce  of  division:  Inquiry  Respecting  Food 
Pishes — Robert  E.  Coker.  Fisli  CuUurc — Glen  C.  Leach.  Statistics  and  Methods — Lewis  RadcUffa 
AiCitUect  and  Engineer — Henry  von  Bayer. 


f!2i'  United  States  Government  Commission  of  Fine  Art.i 


lilVli.     EMPLOYEES     OF     UNITED     STATES     ENTITUEO     TO     COMPENSATION 

PAY    WHEN    INJURED. 

(Announced  In  April,  1918,  by  the  U.  S.  Employes'  Compensation  Commission.) 

'  An  act  passed  by  Congress  and  approved  September  7,  1916,  provides  for  tlie  compensation  of  civil 
employees  of  the  United  States  when  they  sustain  injuries  while  in  the  performance  of  duty.  If  the  injuries 
oped  medical  or  surgical  attention  the  employees  are  entitled  to  treatment  at  United  States  hospitals  and ' 
by  United  States  medical  officers;  or.  If  these  are  not  available,  treatment  may  be  obtained  of  physicians  or 
hospitals  designated  for  the  purpose.  If  more  than  three  days  are  lost  from  work  because  of  the  injury, 
the  employee  Is  entitled  to  compensation  for  the  time  lost  in  excess  of  three  days.  The  amount  of  the  com- 
pensation is  two-thirds  of  his  salary,  but  in  no  case  more  than  S66.67  a  month.  Special  provisions  are  made 
Jor  compensation  in  case  of  deatli. 

To  carry  out  the  provisions  of  the  act  a  commis,sion  was  provided  for  by  the  law  and  appointed  by  the 
President.  This  commission  is  known  as  the  United  States  Employees'  Compensation  Commission,  and  has 
offlces  in  the  Union  Trust  Building  in  Washington.  The  members  of  the  commission  are  Mrs.  Frances 
Q.  Axtell,  R.  M.  Little,  and  John  J.  Keegan.  The  secretary  of  the  commission  is  Arthur  H.  Delbert.  At 
arsenals  and  navy  yards  and  similar  establishments  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  where  large  numbers  of  civilians 
are  employed,  medical  officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  have  been  detailed  to  treat  injm-ies  of  the  employees. 
Throughout  the  country  treatment  may  be  obtained  from  the  medical  officers  and  hospitals  of  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service.  In  all  the  more  important  cities  where  there  are  no  hospitals  or  medical 
offlce.'s  of  the  Public  Health  Service  arrangements  have  been  made  with  local  hospitals  or  physicians  which 
ixave  been  designated  for  the  care  of  beneficiaries  of  the  compensation  act.  Arrangements  with  hospitals 
and  pUvsicians  will  be  made  in  all  localities  where  there  are  sufficient  numbers  of  Government  employees 
to  warrant  such  action.  When  an  employee  is  injured  and  desires  medical  or  surgical  advice  or  treatment 
tie  should  be  given  by  his  official  superior  a  letter  addressed  to  the  proper  hospital  or  medical  officer  requesting 
treatment  and  reciting  the  facts  that  the  bearer  (giving  the  name)  is  an  emi)loyee  of  the  United  States, 
employed  at  (giving  the  name  of  the  office  or  establishment),  that  he  was  injured  in  the  performance  of 
■fluty  on  (giving  the  date),  and  that  treatment  is  requested  for  the  results  of  said  injury  pursuant  to  the 
provisions  of  section  9  of  the  Federal  Compensation  Act. 


SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION. 

Ex-OffiHo  Presiding  Officer  of  the  InsUUition — Woodrow  Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States.' 
iC'hancellor  of  the  InstUntion — Edward  Douglass  White,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States.  Secretaru  of 
ihe  Institution — Charles  D.  Walcott.  Assistant  Secretary  in  Charge  of  United  States  National  Museum — 
Richard  Rathbun.  Board  oj  Regents — Edward  Douglass  White,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States, 
Chancellor;  Thomas  11.  Marshall,  Vice-President  of  tlie  United  States;  Henry  Cabot  Lodge,  Member  of  the 
Senate;  Henry  F.  Hollis,  Member  of  the  .Senate;  Charles  S.  Thomas,  Member  of  the  Senate;  Scott  Ferris, 
Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  Lemuel  P.  Padgett,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives; 
Frank  L.  Greene,  Member  of  the  House  of  Representatives;  Alexander  Graham  Bell,  citizen  of  Washington, 
D.  C;  Charles  F.  Choate,  Jr.,  citizen  of  Massachusetts;  George  Gray,  citizen  of  Delaware;  John  B.  Henderson, 
Jr.,  citizen  of  Washington,  D.  C;  Henry  White,  citizen  of  Maryland. 

The  Institution  at  Washington,  D.  C,  was  established  by  statute  In  1846,  under  the  terms  of  the  will 
of  James  Smithson.  who  bequeathed  his  fortune  in  1826  to  the  United  States  to  found  an  institution  for 
the  "increase  and  diffusion  of  knowledge  among  men."  From  the  income  of  the  fund  a  building,  known 
as  the  Smithsonian  Building,  was  erected  on  land  given  by  the  United  States.  The  Institution  Is  legally 
an  establishment  ha\ing  as  its  members  the  President  of  the  United  States,  the  Vice-President,  the  C'hief 
Justice,  and  the  President's  Cabinet.  It  is  governed  by  a  Board  of  Regents,  consisting  of  the  Vice-President, 
Jhe  Chief  Justice,  three  members  of  the  United  States  Senate,  three  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  six  citizens  of  the  United  States  appointed  by  joint  resolutipn  of  Congress.  It  is  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  who  is  the  executive  officer  of  the  board  and  the 
director  of  the  Institution's  activities.  The  Institution  maintains  a  library,  numbering  about  300,000 
lolumes,  which  is  deposited  in  the  Library  of  Congress  and  which  consists  mainly  of  the  transactions  of 
learned  societies,  and  scientific  periodicals.  While  the  body  of  the  library  is  deposited  in  the  Library  of 
Coiigress  and  accessible  to  all  its  readers,  a  working  library  is  maintained  at  the  Institution.  The  Regents 
are  empowered  to  accept  gifts  without  action  of  Congress,  in  furtherance  of  the  purposes  of  the  Institution, 
imd  to  administer  trusts  in  accord  therewith. 

The  Institution  has  charge  of  the  National  Museum,  the  National  Gallery  of  Art,  the  International 
Exchange  Service,  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology,  the  National  Zoological  Park,  the  Astrophvslcal 
Observatory,  and  tlie  United  States  Regional  Bureau  for  the  International  Catalogue  of  Scientific  Literature. 
The  UNtjED  States  National  Museum  is  the  depository  of  the  national  collections.  It  is  rich  in 
llie  natural  history,  geology,  paleontology,  archaeology  and  ethnology  of  America,  and  has  collections  of 
American  history,  as  well  as  many  series  relating  to  fine  arts  and  the  industrial  arts.  It  is  an  educational 
and  a  research  museum,  and  ir«ues  scientific  publications.  The  National  Gallery  of  Art  consists  of  the 
collections  of  etchings  and  engravings  of  George  P.  Marsh,  the  collections  of  Charles  L.  Freer,  containing 
paint!Ugg.fend  etchings  by  Whistler,  and  examples  of  Oriental  art;  the  Harriet  I.iane  Johnston  collection, 
including  works  of  a  number  of  the  greatest  Eugll.sh  portrait  painters,  and  the  collection  of  William  T. 
Evans,  of  one  hundred  and  firty-oue  paintings,  representing  one  hundred  and  six  American  artists.  The 
National  Museum  occupies  two  special  structures,  built  in  1881  and  1911,  containing  650.000  square  feet  of 
iioor  space.  There  are  0,274  articles  in  the  freer  collection.  The  amount  of  the  annual  appropriations 
made  by  Congress  for  the  support  of  the  museum  for  the  fiscal  year  1918  was  !?.SS3,500  for  tlie  pre.=ervation 
and  maintenance  of  the  collections,  the  necessary  exhibitions,  storage  and  office  furnUure,  heating 'and 
«ghtlug  the  building,  and  repairs  to  same.  In  addition  to  this  there  was  appropriated  lor  publications, 
■binding  of  books,  etc.,  $37,.500,  to  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Public  Printer.  The  buildings  are 
i>pencd  to  the  public  9  a.  m.  to  4.30  p.  m.  weekdaj's,  and  in  addition  the  new  biiildiug  at  the  foot  of  Tenth 
Street  Is  opened  Sundays,  1.30  p.  m.  to  4.30  p.  m. 

_  The  Bureau  oi.^  American  ETHNOLOoy,  for  the  study  of  the  American  Indian;  The  Astrophvsic.ai. 
Observatory,  for  the  investigation  of  solar  phenomena:  The  Nationai.  Zoological  Park  at  Washington, 
containing  about  1,400  animals;  and  the  Regional  Bureau  of  the  International  Catalogue  of  Scientific 
Uterature,  for  the  preparation  of  a  classified  index  to  the  current  scientific  literature  of  the  United  States, 
are  --ilso  branches  of  the  Institution. 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT    COMMISSION    OF    FINE    ARTS. 

Headquarters,  1729  New  York  Avenue  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Chairman — Charles    Moore,    Detroit,    Mich.      Vice-chairman — Frederick    Law    Olmsted,    Brookline. 

Mass,    Secretary  and  Executive  Officer — Colonel  C.  S.  Ridley,  United  States  Army.    Assistant  to  the  Secre' 

s   (fjry— Arno  B.  Cammerer.    Herbert  Adams,  New  York  City;  J.  Alden  Weir,  New  York  City;  wilUam 

Mitchell  Kendall,  New  York  City;  Charles  A.  Piatt,  New  Yort  City;  John  Russell  Pope.  New  Y07!j  CUiys 


National  Geographic  Society.  £23 


FEDERAL    TRADE    COMMISSION. 

(Headquarters,  Washington,  D.  C.) 

The  Federal  Trade  Commission  Is  appointed  by  the  President.  Not  more  than  three  ot  the  Commls- 
siouers  can  be  members  ol  the  same  political  party.  No  Commissioner  shall  engage  in  any  other  bu-slness, 
vocation,  or  employment.  A  vacancy  in  the  commis.sioa  does  not  impair  the  right  of  the  remaining  Com- 
missioners to  exercise  all  the  powers  of  the  commission.  The  Commlsslon6i^  receive  a  salary  'of  S10,000  a 
year  and  the  Secretary  S5,000.  The  principal  office  of  the  commission  is  in  WaMiington,  but  it  may  meet 
and  exercise  all  lt«  powers  at  any  other  place.  The  commission  may,  by  one  or  more  of  its  membefs  or  bs 
such  examiners  as  it  may  designate,  prosecute  any  Inquiry  necessai-y  to  its  dutifea  In  atiy  part  of  the  United 
States  under  a  clause  In  the  act  creating  that  body  which  provides  that  Unfair  methods  of  competition 
in  commerce  are  declared  unlawful.  The  commission  is  empowered  alid  directed  to  prevent  persons,  part- 
nerships, or  corporations,  except  banks,  and  common  carriers  subject  to  the  acta  to  regulate  commerce, 
from  using  imfair  methods  of  competition  in  commerce.  Whenever  the  copithiBslon  shall  have  reason  to 
believe  that  any  such  person,  partnership,  or  corporation  has  been  or  Is  using  any  unfair  method  of  compe- 
tition in  commerce,  and  If  it  shall  appear  to  the  commission  that  a  proceeding  by  it  in  respect  thereof  would 
be  to  the  interest  of  the  public,  it  has  the  duty  of  making  an  Inquiry,  taking  testimony,  etc.  The  defendant 
may  appeal  to  the  Federal  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  If  disposed  not  to  submit  to  investigation.  The  com- 
mission has  authority  to  compile  information  concerning,  and  to  Investigate  the  business  and  practices  of, 
corporations  engaged  In  interstate^-commerce,  and  to  require  by  its  order  sworn  reports  from  them  on  their 
own  business  and  their  relation  to  otjher  corporations;  to  classify  coi-porations;  to  Investigate  and  report 
on  violations  of  the  anti-trust  acts:  to  investigate  trade  conditions  in  and  with  foreign  countries  and  report 
to  Congress  thereon,  with  advisable  recommendations.  The  commission  proceeds  in  ordinary  anti-trust 
inquiries  under  the  Sherman  law  as  amended  by  the  Clayton  act.  The  four  amendments  of  the  Clayton 
act,  iipproved  respectively  May  15,  1916,  August  31,  1916,  March  4,  1917,  and  January  12,  1918,  simply 
extend  to  January  1,  1919,  the  operations  of  Section  10  (forbidding  any  common  carrier  from  buying  more 
than  550,000  In  supplies  in  a  year  from  any  concern  In  which  any  officer  or  purchasing  agent  of  the  common 
carrier  is  interested)  and  therefore  do  not  touch  upon  the  powers  or  duties  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commis- 
sion. By  executive  order  of  October  12,  1917,  the  President  vested  In  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  the 
power  and  authority  to  administer  Sections  17,  18,  19,  20  and  21  of  "An  Act  to  define,  regulate  and  punish 
trading  with  the  enemy."  approved  October  6,  1917.  The  commission  is  also  charged  with  enforcement  ot 
the  provisions  of  "An  Act  to  promote  export  trade  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  April  10,  1918,  and 
for  that  purpose  has  all  the  powers,  so  far  as  applicable,  given  in  Its  organic  act.  By  the  terms  of  "Au  Act 
to  provide  further  lor  the  national  security  and  defense  by  encouraging  the  production,  conserving  the  supply, 
and  controlling  the  distribution  of  food  products  and  fuel,"  the  President  is  authorized  to,  and  he  has  exer- 
cised through  the  agency  of  the  Federal  Tj-ade  Commission,  certain  functions  with  reference  to  the  deter- 
mination of  costs,  etc.,  In  the  coal  and  coal  industry.  .  ■ 

In  July,  1917,  President  Wilson  designated  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  as  the  omcial  cost  finding 
agency  for  the  Government,  and  since  this  designation  the  commission  has  been  particularly  engaged  dur- 
ing 1918;iD  ascertaining  the  cost  of  production  of  a  great' variety  of  materials  essential  to  the  conduct  of  the 
war.  The  commission  has  been  called  upon  by  the  President,  the  War  Industries  Board,  and  the  war-mak- 
ing agencies  to  determine  the  cost  both  of  raw  materials  and  finished  products  m  many  branches  of  In- 
dustry, Including  coal  and  coke,  steel,  copper,  oil,  lumber,  iron  ore,  food  products,  etc.  This  cost  worh  is 
the  principal  war  work  of  the  commission.  The  commission  has  also  continued  during  the  year  the  general 
food  Investigation  under  authority  of  the  President's  directions  "to  investigate  and  report  the  facts  relating 
to  the  production,  ownership,  manufacture,  storage  and  distribution  of  foodstuffs  and  the  products  or  by- 
products arising  from  or  In  connection  with  their  preparation  and  manufacture;  to  ascertain  the  facts  bear- 
ing on  alleged  violations  of  the  anti-trust  acts,  and  particularly  upon  the  question  whether  there  are  manip- 
ulations, controls,  trusts,  combinations,  conspiracies,  or  restraints  of  trade  out  of  harmony  with  the  law  or 
the  public  interest."  Reports  on  canned  foods,  flour  milling  and  jobbing  and  the  meat  packing  Industry 
ii&ve  been  submitted  to  the  President. 

A  recent  special  Investigation  is  that  undertaken  in  response  to  Senate  resolutions  of;  May  13,,  1918, 
directing  the  commission  "to  investigate  and  report  to  the  Senate  the  cause  or  causes  for  the  high  prices  ot 
the  articles  hereinafter  mentioned  required  to  be  bought  and  used  by  the  farmers  of  the  country  pn  the  farms, 
and  to  investigate  and  report  the  facts  relative  to  the  existence  of  any  unfair  methods  of  trade  or  competi- 
tion by  manufacturers  and  dealers  in  any  of  the  articles  hereinafter  mentioned  la  respect  to  any  act,  com- 
bination, agreement,  or  conspiracy  to  restrict,  depress,  or  control  the  prices,  production,  or  supply  o|  Any 
of  the  articles  enumerated  as  follows,  to  wit;    Agricultural  implements  and  maobinery  of  every ikind  ap.Kj 

flescription." ■■..iir.:w     .   .;.<  ^:!*!,  ■     ., 

NATIONAL  GEOCRAPHiC  SOCIETY;^' '■.■•-i-i:-  '  I  : '■■  /  ;  V''  .■••"j'irG 
Founded  in  1889,  "for  tlie  Increase  and  diffusion  of  geographic  knowledge,  "the  society  h^s  iow  more 
than  650  QOO  members.  In  the  promotion  of  its  purpose  to  Increase  geographic  knowledge,  Its  expedltloBs' 
jhave  unearthed  Machu  Picchu,  the  holy  city  of  the  Incas,  and  the  staircase  farms  Of  the  ancients  In  Amerieai; 
which  far  eclipse  the  hanging  gardens  of  Babylon;  have  studied  the  problems  of  vulqanlsm  and  eafthfjuakes 
In  the  West  Indies  Alaska,  and  the  Mediterranean;  have  made  the  most  exhaustive  study  of  gla^al  action 
ever  undertaken,  and  accomplished  other  important  investigations  and  discoveries.  In  the  work  of  diffusing 
geographic  knowledge.  It  publishes  a  magazine  which  reaches  more  than  650,000  hoiQes,  conducts  a  bureau 
ot  information  wliich  furnishes  daily  statements  without  charge  to  the  press  of  the  United  States  concerning 
places  and  matters  of  geographic  interest  in  the  public  eye,  publishes  books,  maps,  and  monographs,  and 
otherwise  cultivates  a  national  interest  in  the  broader  phases  of  non-technical  as  well  as  technical  geography. 
'The  society  last  year  contributed  out  of  its  reserve  funds  the  money  necessary  to  purchase--to  preserve 
from  destruction— the  privately-owned  big  trees  of  the  Sequoia.  National  Park  region  of  California,  and 
deeded  them  to  the  Federal  Government  to  be  held  in  perpetuity  for  the  benefit  of  posterity. 

In  1916  its  expedition  under  Prof.  Robert  F.  Griggs  climbed  Mount  Katmal,  in  whose  crater  Vesuvius 
could  be  buried,  and  discovered  the  "Valley  of  Ten  Thousand  Smokes,"  the  most  remarkable  volcanic 
region  in  the  world.  In  1917  a  second  expedition  to  this  valley  showed  its  area  and  the  character  of  the 
plbenomena  observed  to  surpass  anything  hinted  at  in  the  reports  of  the  previous  expedition.  Last  year 
the  society  sent  a  fourth  expedition  to  Alaska  to  prepare  bases  and  make  observations  in  preparation  lor 
a  large  expedition  to  be  despatched  this  year.  In  1917  and  1918  the  pnncipal  undertaking  ot  the  society 
has  been  that  of  co-operating  with  the  United  States  Government  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  Its  large 
mailing  organization  has  been  in  constant  use  by  the  War  and  Treasury  Departments  without  charge.  Itt 
map  department,  in  addition  to  issuing  maps  of  the  theati-es  of  war,  Prepares  the  maps  used  by  the  Red 
Cross  in  prison  camp  work  and  by  the  Committee  on  PubUc  Intormation  in  keeping  the  country  advised 
on  tTie  drift  of  the  battle  lines;  its  research  staff  has  been  co-pperatmg  with  the  War  ?a\dngs  and  Liberty 
Loan  Committees  in  the  preparation  of  data  for  the  school;  and  its  membership  at  large  is  supporting  severa,! 
vraFds  at  American  Hospital  No.  1.  at  NeuiUy,  a  suburb  of  P^s.  The  officers  are:  Pr«s«enr---0.  EL 
Tlttinaim,  Vice-President^Joim  E.  PlUsbury.  Secretarv—O.  P.  Austin  DirecMr  and  f^^^—^}^\^ 
H  GroMnon  Associated  Editor'— 3ohn  OWver  La  Gorce.  Assistant  Editors— ,Wm.  J,  Showalter  asO 
3aa!ph  AP  Gfaves.    Headquarters,  Washington,  D.  C.     ■■  ■  .  ■  :  ■"' 


2:^4  American  Jewish  Historical  Society. 

THE    SHERMAN    LAW. 

The  following  Is  the  text  concerning  Trusts: 

Be  It  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  In 
Congress  aasembled: 

Sec.  1.  Every  contract,  combination  In  the  form  of  trust  or  otherwise,  or  conspiracy,  In 
restraint  of  trade  or  commerce  among  the  several  States,  or  with  foreign  nations,  is  hereby  declared 
to  be  illegal.  Every  person  who  shall  make  any  sucli  contract.  Or  engage  in  any  such  combination 
or  conspiracy,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and,  on  conviction  thereof,  shall  be  punished 
by  a  fine  not  exceeding  S5,000,  or  by  Imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year,  or  by  both  said  punish- 
ments in  the  discretion  of  the  Court. 

Sec.  2.  Every  person  who  shall  monopolize,  or  attempt  to  monopolize,  or  combine  or  conspire 
with  any  other  person  or  persons  to  monopolize  any  part  of  the  trade  or  commerce  among  the  several 
States,  or  with  foreign  nations,  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof 
shall  be  punlsned  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  S5,000,  or  by  Imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year,  or  by 
both  said  punishments,  in  the  discretion  of  the  Court. 

Sec.  3.  Every  contract,  combination  in  form  or  trust  or  otherwise,  or  conspiracy.  In  restraint 
01  trade  or  commerce  in  any  Territory  of  the  United  States,  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  In  restraint 
of  trade  or  commerce  between  any  such  Territory  and  another,  or  between  any  such  Territory  or 
Territories  and  State  or  States  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  with  foreign  nations,  or  between  the 
District  of  Columbia  and  any  State  or  States  or  foreign  nations,  is  hereby  deqlared  illegal.  Every 
person  who  shall  make  any  such  contract,  or  engage  In  any  such  combination  or  conspiracy,  shall  be 
deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding 
85,000,  or  by  Imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year,  or  by  both  aald  punishments  in  the  discretion 
of  the  Court. 

Sec.  4.  The  several  Circuit  Courts  of  the  United  States  are  hereby  Invested  with  jurisdiction 
to  prevent  and  restrain  violations  of  this  act;  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  several  District- 
Attorneys  of  the  United  States,  In  their  respective  districts,  under  the  direction  of  the  Attorney- 
General,  to  Institute  proceedings  In  equity  to  prevent  and  restrain  such  violations.  Such  proceed- 
ings may  bo  by  w.ay  of  petition  setting  forth  the  case  and  praying  that  such  violation  shall  be 
enjoined  or  otherwise  prohibited.  When  the  parties  complained  of  shall  have  been  duly  notified  of 
such  petition  the  Court  shall  proceed,  as  soon  as  may  be,  to  the  hearing  and  determination  of  the 
case;  and  pending  such  petition  and  before  final  decree,  the  Court  may  at  any  time  mal^e  such  tem- 
porary restraining  order  or  prohibition  as  sliall  be  deemed  just  in  the  premises. 

Sec.  5.  Whenever  it  shall  appear  to  the  Court  before  which  any  proceeding  under  sec.  4  of 
this  act  may  be  pending  that  the  ends  of  justice  require  that  other  parties  should  be  brought  before 
the  Court,  the  Court  may  cause  them  to  be  summoned,  whether  they  reside  In  the  district  In  which 
the  Court  Is  held  or  not;  and  subpoenas  to  that  end  may  be  served  in  any  district  by  the  marshal 
thereof. 

.Sec.  6.  Any  property  owned  under  any  conti'act  or  by  anj-  combination,  or  pm'suaut  to  any  con- 
spiracy (and  being  the  subject  thereof)  mentioned  in  Section  1  of  this  act,  and  being  in  the  course  of 
transportation  from  one  State  to  anotlier,  or  to  a  foreign  country,  shall  be  forfeited  to  the  United  States, 
and  may  be  seized  and  condemned  by  like  proceedings  as  those  provided  by  law  for  the  forfeiture,  aeizwe 
and  condemnation  of  property  imported  into  the  United  States  contrary  to  law. 

Sec.  7.  Any  person  who  shall  be  injiu-ed  in  his  business  or  property  by  any  other  person  or  corpora- 
tion by  reason  of  anything  forbidden  or  declared  to  be  unlawful  by  this  act  may  sue  therefor  in  any  Circuit 
Court  of  the  United  .States  in  the  district  in  which  the  defendant  resides  or  is  found,  without  respect  to 
the  amount  In  controversy,  and  shall  recover  threefold  the  damages  by  him  sustained,  and  the  costs  of  suit, 
including  a  reasonable  attorney's  fee. 

.Sec.  8.  That  the  word  "person"  or  "persour-"  wherever  used  in  this  act  shall  be  deemed  to  include 
corporations  and  associations  existing  imder  or  autJiorized  by  the  laws  of  either  the  United  States,  the  laws 
of  any  of  the  Territories,  the  laws  of  any  State  or  the  laws  of  any  foreign  country. 

Approved  July  2,  1890. 

CLAYTON  ACT  AMENDMENT.S  TO  SHERMAN  LAW. 

Suits  and  proceedings  ag.".inst  a  corporation  may  be  brought  in  >any  district  wlierein  found  or  trans- 
acting business.  Subpoenaes  may  run  into  any  district,  except  that  in  civil  cases  permission  of  court  must 
be  had  to  bring  witness  more  than  100  miles.  Violations  by  corporations  deemed  also  that  of  individual 
directors,  officers  or  agents  authorizing,  or  doing  any  of  acts  constituting  violation  in  wliole  or  in  part.  In- 
junctive relief  against  threatened  lo.ss  provided  for,  and  temporary  Injunctions  without  notice  under 
stringent  safeguards  (giving  .security,  prompt  and  early  hearing,  etc.).  Special  provisions  enacted  to  cover 
disputes  between  employers  and  employees.  In  general  so-called  "strikes"  and  "striking"  by  labofing  men 
and  unions  where  peaceable  means  and  methods  alone  are  employed,  caimot  be  enjoined.  Persons  or  cor- 
porations wilfully  disobeying  orders,  decrees,  etc.,  Issued  tmder  the  Sherman  law  may,  in  certain  cases,  be 
proceeded  against  as  for  criminal  contempt.  In  such  cases  defendant  may  demand  jury  trial.  Punishment 
for  contempt  is  not  to  exceed  .i;  1,000  fine,  nor  six  months  imprisonment.  These  provisions  do  not  apply  to 
contempts  committed  in  presence  of  the  court,  or  so  near  thereto  as  to  obstruct  the  administration  of  justice. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has  held  that  violations  of  Federal  Anti-Trust  Act  could  not  be 
remedied  by  an  injunction  on  suit  of  private  person  in  proceeding  hvoiifiht  liy  certain  lumber  companies 
against  a  carpenters'  union  .and  other  labor  organizolions 


LICENSE    RULES    OF    THE    FEDERAL    TRADE    COMMISSION. 

Under  the  Trading  With  tlie  Enemy  Act  and  the  .executive  Order  of  October  12,  1917,  the  commis- 
sion was  authorized  to  handle  three  general  subjects:  (1)  Licensing  the  filing  and  prosecution  or  the  pay- 
ment of  taxes  witii  respect  to  patent,  trade-marlc,  etc.,  applications  in  enemy  countries.  (2)  Licensing 
citizens  and  corporations  organized  within  the  United  States  tmder  patents,  trade-marks,  etc.,  owned  or 
controlled  by  an  enemy  or  ally  of  enemy.  (3)  The  i.ssuance  of  orders  of  secrecy  regarding  inventions  the 
publication  of  which  by  the  granting  of  a  patent  may  be  detrimental  to  the  piil)lic  safety  or  defense,  etc. 
On  April  11,  1918,  the  Presiilent  issued  an  Executive  Order  revoking  the  authority  of  the  Trade  Commis- 
sion imder  Section  17  of  the  Executive  Order  of  October  12,  1917,  and  providing  that  no  such  licenses  should 
be  issued  until  further  ordei'.  No  license  to  file  and  prosecute  or  to  pay  fees  witli  respect  to  applications  in  i 
enemy  coimtries  were  thereafter  issued  b>-  any  Ijureau  ot  the  Governmenf. 


AMERICAN    JEWISH    HISTORICAL    SOCIETY. 

Foimded  1892.  Presldctil — Dr.  Cyrus  Adler,  Broad  and  York  Streets,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Vice-Prest- 
detils — Prof.  Richard  J.  H.  Gottheil,  New  York;  Hon  Simon  W.  Rosendale,  Albany,  N.  Y.;  Rev.  Dr.  David 
Philipson,  Cinchmati,  O.;  Hon.  Julian  W.  Mack,  Chicago,  111.  Corresvonding  Secretary — Albert  M.  Frleden* 
berg.  Recording  Secretary — Samuel  Oppenheim.  New  York.  Treasurer — Hon.  N.  Taylor  Phillipa,  114' 
West  74th  Street.  New  York.  Cinntor — Leon  Hiihiier,  531  West  12;Dd  Street,  Now  Yort.  Office  of  Corre8» 
spoiKling  Secretary,  38  Park  Row. 


United  States  Patent  Office  ProcedurS.' 


NOTED    INVENTIONS. 

AMERICAX. 


226 


(iWEiNTlON. 


Air  brake 

Celluloid .'  .  . 

Welt  machine 

Block  signals  for  rnilwaj's .  . 

Automatic  car-Boupler 

Water  gas 

Machine  tor  making  barbed 
wire 

Telephone 

Typewriter 

Talkluy  machine '. . . . 

Electric  lamp 

lucaiKlesceut  lamp 

Automatic  knot-tying  har- 
vester machine 

Buttonhole-sewiiiK  inacliiiKv 

Chain  -  stitch  slioc  -  sow  iiiir 
machine 

Chrome  tanning 

Trolley  car 


Type-bar  casting 

Cash  register 

Electric  furnace  rciliictioii. 


Inventor. 


Westinghouse . 

Hyatt 

Goodyear 

Robinson 

Janney 

Lowe 


Glidden . 

Bell 

Sholes... 
Edison.  . 
Brush . . . 
Edison .  . 


Appleby. 
ReeCR.  .  . 


French  <t  Myor.-: 

Sciiulz 

\an  Depoelc  & 

Spraguc 

Mcrsenlluilcr.  . 
Pattex.soii. .  .    . 
Cowle.s 


Date. 


1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1875 

187.") 
1876 
1S78 
1S78 
1870 
1880 

1880 
1881 

1S81 
1884 

1884-8: 
1885 
ISSo 
1SS5 


INVENTION. 


Split-phase  induction  motor 

Single-type  composing  ma- 
chine   

Rotaiy  converter 

Recording  adding  machine. . 

Transp'rent  photograph  film 

Calcium  carbide 

Continuous  -  process  match 
machine 

Electric  welding 

Electrolytic  alkali  prod'ctioi: 

Carborundum 

Harve.vized  armor  i)la(,o  .    . 

Motion-picturr-  miicliiiic.  . 

Dry-air  process,  I'or  blast  fur- 
nace   

Anlllclal  graiihite 

Disk  ploughs  (modern  type). 

High-speed  .steel 

Aeroplaue 


Hydro-aerophi  ne . 
Machine  gun 


Inventor. 


Tesla. 


Lanston. . . 
Bradley . . . 
Burroughs. 
Eiustman.. . 
Willson .  . . . 


Beecher. . 
Thomson . 
Castner.  . 
Achesou . . 
flarvey. . . 
Edison. . . 


Gayley 

.\cheson 

Hardy 

Taylor  &  White 
Orville  &  Wil- 
bur Wright.  . 
GleunH.Curtiss 
I.saac  N.  Lewis. 


Date. 


1887 

1887 
1887 
1888 
1888 
1888 

1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1893 

1894 
1896 
1896 
1901 

1903 
1911 
1912 


rOHETOX. 


J.\V1-;.\TI()N. 

Date. 

Inventor. 

Nationality. 

DynamUe 

l.'if>7 
1869 
1874 
1877 
1880 
1883 
1884 
1886 
1888 
1890 
1893 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1903 

Xobel 

Swedish. 

Artificial  alizareiie  vUvc) 

Graebe  &  Licberman 

German. 

Siphon  recorder               

Thompson 

English. 

Otto «. 

German. 

Centrifugal  creiuuor        

De  Laval 

Gaulard  &  Glbbs 

Swedish. 

Electric  transforiiior       

English. 

-Manganese  steel              

Hadfield 

English. 

Smokeless  oowder             .          

Vielle 

French. 

Cyanide  process  for  c\tracting  metal . . 

Arthur  &  De  Forrest 

English. 

Mantle  burner 

Welsbach 

Hoftmnu 

Austrian.* 

Austrian. 

Electric  steel .       ...      .        ... 

Heroult : 

French. 

Wireless  telegraphy.       

Marconi ' 

Italian, 

Diesel  oil  motor 

Diesel 

German, 

Depth  bomb 

W.  T.  Unge.. 

Swedish. 

UNITED    STATES     PATENT    OFFICE     PROCEDURE. 

(Uevi.sed  by  the  Patent  Office  at  Washington.) 

Patents  are  issued  in  the  name  of  the  United  States,  and  under  the  seal  ot  the  Patent  OlHce,  to  any  person 
who  has  invented  or  discovered  any  new  and  useful  art,  machine,  manufacture,  or  composition  of  matter  or 
any  new  and  useful  improvement  thereof,  or  any  new,  original  and  ornamental  design  for  an  article  of  manu- 
facture, not  known  or  used  by  others  in  tills  country  before  his  invention  or  discovery  thereof,  and  not  pat- 
ented or  described  iii  any  printed  publication  in  this  or  any  foreign  country,  before  his  Invention  or  discovery 
thereof  or  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his  application,  and  not  in  public  use  or  on  sale  in  the  United  States 
for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  bis  application,  unless  the  same  is  proved  to  have  been  abandoned;  upon 
payment  of  the  fees  required  by  law  and  other  due  proceedings  had. 

Every  patent  contains  a  grant  to  tlie  i)atentee,  his  heirs  or  assigns,  for  the  term  of  seventeen  years, 
e.xcept  in  the  case  of  design  patents,  of  the  o-ciiiusive  right  to  make,  use,  and  vend  the  invention  or  discovery 
throughout  the  United  States  and  the  Territories,  referring  to  the  specif!  csuions  for  the  particulars  thereof. 

If  it  appear  that  the  inventoi',  at  tlie  time  of  making  his  application,  believed  himself  to  be  the  first 
inventor  or  discoverer,  a  patent  will  not  be  refused  on  account  ot  the  invention  or  discovery,  or  any  part 
thereof,  having  been  known  or  used  in  any  foreign  country  before  his  invention  or  discovery  thereof,  if  it  had 
not  been  before  patented  or  described  in  any  printed  publication. 

Joint  Inventors  are  entitled  to  a  joint  patent;  neither  can  claim  one  seiiarately.  Independent  inventors 
Of  distinct  and  independent  improvements  in  the  same  machine  cannot  obtain  a  Joint  patent  for  their  separate 
Inventions;  nor  does  the  fact  that  one  furnishes  the  capital  and  another  makes  the  invention  entitle  them  to 
make  application  as  joint  inventors;  but  in  such  case  they  may  become  joint  patentees  by  means  of  a  deed  of 
assignment. 

No  person  otherwise  entitled  thereto  will  be  debarred  from  receiving  a  patent  for  lils  invention  or  dis- 
covery, by  reason  of  its  having  been  first  patented  or  caused  to  be  patented  by  the  Inventor  or  his  legal  repre- 
sentatives or  assigns  in  a  foreign  country,  unless  the  application  for  said  foreign  patent  was  filed  more  than 
twelve  months  prior  to  the  filing  of  the  application  in  this  country,  and  four  months  in  cases  of  designs,  in 
which  case  no  patent  shall  be  granted  In  this  country. 

If  an  inventor  wishes  to  file  an  application  for  patent,  a  copy  of  the  Rules  of  Practice,  containing  forms 
and  instructions,  will  be  sent  upon  request.  It  is  advisable,  however,  in  every  case,  that  the  services  ot  a 
competent  registered  patent  attorney  be  secured,  as  the  value  of  patents  depends  largely  upon  the  skilful 
preparation  of  the  specification  and  claims.  The  Patent  Office  cannot  recommend  any  particular  attorney  or 
firm,  but  ad\'ises  applicants  to  avoid  doing  business  with  those  who  advertise  the  possession  of  unusual  facilities 
for  obtaining  patents. 

Applications  for  patents  must  be  made  in  writing  to  the  Commissioner  of  Patents.  The  applicant  must 
file  in  the  Patent  Ofllce  a  written  description  of  the  invention  or  discovery,  and  of  the  manner  and  process 
of  making,  constructing,  compounding,  and  using  it,  in  such  full,  clear,  concise,  and  exact  terms  as  to  enable 
any  person  skilled  in  the  art  or  science  to  which  it  appertains,  or  with  wliicli  it  is  most  nearly  connected,  to 
make,  construct,  compound,  and  use  the  same;  and  in  case  of  a  macliine,  he  must  explain  the  principle  thereof, 
fl«d  tiie  best  mode  in  which  he  has  contemplated  .applving  tliat  principle,  so  as  to  distinguish  it  from  other 


226  Registration  of  Trade-Marks  in  the  United  States. 

PATENT  OFFICE  PROCEDXJRE— Coretfrawerf. 

inventions,  and  particularly  point  out  and  distinctly  claim  the  part,  improvement,  or  combination  wtilch  he 
claims  as  his  invention  or  discovery.     The  specification  and  claim  must  be  signed  by  the  inventor. 

When  the  nature  of  tlie  invention  admits  of  drawings,  the  applicant  must  furnish  a  drawing  of  the  re- 
quired size,  signed  by  the  inventor  or  his  attorney  in  fact.  The  applicant,  if  required  by  the  Patent  OfiBce, 
shall  furnish  a  model  of  convenient  size  to  exhibit  advantageously  the  several  parts  of  his  invention  or  dis- 
covery, but  a  model  should  not  be  sent  unless  first  called  for  by  the  Patent  Offlce. 

The  applicant  shall  make  oath  that  he  verily  believes  himself  to  be  the  original  and  first  inventor  or 
discoverer  of  the  art,  machine,  manufacture,  composition,  or  improvement  for  which  he  solicits  a  patent: 
that  he  does  not  know  and  does  not  believe  that  the  same  was  ever  before  known  or  used,  and  sliall  state  ol 
what  country  he  is  a  citizen  and  where  he  resides,  and  whether  he  Is  the  sole  or  joint  Inventor  of  the  invention 
claimed  in  his  application.  In  every  original  application  the  applicant  must  distinctly  state  under  oath  that 
the  Invention  has  not  been  patented  to  himself  or  to  others  with  iiis  knowledge  or  consent  in  this  or  any  foreign 
country  for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his  application,  or  on  an  application  for  a  patent  filed  in  any  foreign 
country  by  himself  or  his  legal  representatives  or  assigns  more  that  twelve  months  prior  to  his  application  in 
this  country,  or  four  months  in  cases  of  designs.  If  any  application  for  patent  has  been  filed  m  any  foreign 
country  by  the  applicant  in  this  country  or  by  his  legal  representatives  or  assigns,  prior  to  his  application  in 
this  country,  he  shall  state  the  country  or  countries  in  which  such  application  has  been  filed,  giving  the 
date  of  such  application,  and  shall  also  state  tliat  no  application  has  been  filed  in  any  other  country  or  coun- 
tries than  those  mentioned;  that  to  the  best  of  his  knowledge  and  belief  the  Invention  has  not  been  in  public 
use  or  on  sale  in  the  United  States  nor  described  in  any  printed  publication  or  patent  in  tliis  or  any  foreign 
country  for  more  than  two  years  prior  to  his  application  in  this  country.  Such  oath  may  be  made  before  any 
person  within  the  United  States  authorized  by  law  to  administer  oaths,  or,  when  the  applicant  resides  in  a 
foreign  country,  before  any  Minister,  Charge  d'Affaires,  Consul,  or  commercial  agent  holding  commission 
under  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  before  any  notary  public.  Judge  or  Magistrate  h.aving  an 
offlcial  seal  and  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in  that  country  whose  authority  shall  be  proved  by  a  certificate 
of  a  diplomatic  or  consular  ofHcer  of  the  United  States,  except  that  no  acknowledgment  may  be  taken  by  any 
attorney  appearing  in  the  case. 

On  the  filing  of  such  application  and  the  payment  of  the  fees  required  by  law,  if,  on  examination.  It 
appears  that  llie  applicant  is  justly  entitled  to  a  patent  under  tlie  law,  and  that  the  Invention  is  sufficiently 
useful. and  important,  the  Commissioner  will  issue  a  patent  therefor. 

Every  patent  or  any  interest  therein  shall  be  assignable  in  law  by  an  instrument  in  writing;  and  tho 
patentee  or  his  assigns  or  legal  representatives  may,  in  like  manner,  grant  and  convey  an  exclusive  right 
under  his  patent  to  the  whole  or  any  specified  part  of  the  United  States. 

A  reissue  is  granted  to  the  origin.al  patentee,  his  legal  reoresentatives,  or  the  assignees  of  tlio  entire 
interest  when,  by  reason  of  a  defective  or  insufficient  specification,  or  by  reason  of  the  patentee  <:laimlng 
as  his  invention  or  discovery  more  that  he  had  a  right  to  claim  as  new,  the  original  patent  is  inoperative  or 
invalid,  provided  the  error  has  arisen  from  inadvertence,  accident,  or  mistake,  and  without  any  fraudulent 
or  deceptive  intention.  Reissue  applications  must  be  made  and  the  specifications  sworn  to  by  the  inventors, 
If  they  be  living. 

Fees  must  be  paid  in  advance,  and  are  as  follows:  On  filing  each  original  application  for  a  pat(;ut,  S15. 
On  issuing  each  original  patent,  S20.  In  design  cases:  For  three  years  and  six  months,  SIO;  for  seven  years, 
S15;  for  fourteen  years,  S30.  On  every  application  for  the  reissue  of  a  patent,  S30.  On  filing  each  disclaimer, 
$10.  For  certified  copies  of  patents  and  other  papers  in  manuscript,  ten  cents  per  hundred  words  and  twenty- 
five  cents  for  tlie  certificate;  for  certified  copies  oi  printed  pacents,  eighty  cents.  For  uncertified  printed 
copies  of  specifications  and  drawings  of  patents,  five  cents  each.  For  recording  every  assignment,  agreement, 
power  of  attorney,  or  other  paper,  of  three  hundred  words  or  under,  SI ;  or  over  three  hundred  and  under  one 
thousand  words,  S2;  for  each  additional  thousand  words,  or  fraction  thereof,  SI.  For  copies  of  drawings, 
the  reasonable  cost  of  making  them.  The  Patent  Office  Is  oreoarea  to  furnish  positive  photograpliic  copies 
of  the  drawings  of  pending,  patented  or  abandoned  cases,  In  sizes  ana  at  rates  as  follows:  Large  size,  10x15 
Inches,  twenty-Qve  cents;  medium  size,  8x12  J^  inches,  fifteen  cents.  Negative  photographic  copies  ol 
specifications  and  drawings  of  foreign  patents,  or  of  any  page  or  part  of  page  of  any  printed  publication  in 
the  jjossession  of  the  office,  will  be  furnished  on  paper  7x11  Incnes  for  fifteen  cents  per  sheet.  Stamps  cannot 
be  accepted  by  the  Patent  Office  in  payment  of  fees.  Stamps  and  stamped  envelopes  should  not  be  sent  to 
the  office  for  replies  to  letters,  as  stamps  are  not  required  on  mail  matter  emanating  from  the  Pattnt  Office. 
The  most  important  changes  iu  Patent  Office  practice  put  in  effect  In  the  past  year  are  as-tollows: 
In  Rule  93.  "An  interference  is  a  proceeding  instituted  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the  question  Ol 
priority  of  invention  between  two  or  more  parties  claiming  substantially  the  same  patentable  Invention. 
In  order  to  ascertain  whether  any  question  of  priority  arises  the  Commissioner  may  call  upon  any  junior 
applicant  to  state  in  writing  the  date  when  he  conceived  the  invention  under  consideration.  All  state- 
ments filed  In  compliance  with  this  rule  will  be  returned  to  the  parties  filing  them.  In  case  the  applicant 
makes  no  reply  within  the  time  specified,  not  less  than  ten  days,  the  Commissioner  will  proceed  upon  the 
assumption  that  the  said  date  is  the  date  of  the  oatii  attached  to  the  application.  The  lact  that  one  of  the 
parties  has  already  obtained  a  patent  will  not  prevent  an  interference,  for,  although  the  Commissioner  has 
no  power  to  cancel  a  patent,  he  may  grant  another  patent  for  the  same  invention  to  a  person  who  proves 
to  be  the  prior  Inventor." 

In  Rule  77.  "If  an  applicant  neglect  to  prosecute  his  application  tor  one  year  after  the  date  when 
the  last-official  notice  of  any^ction  by  the  oliice  was  mailed  to  him,  the  application  will  be  held  to  be  aban- 
doned, as  set  forth  In  Rule  171.       

REGISTRATION    OF    TRADE°!V!ARKS    IS4    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  following  are  extracts  from  the  new  "Act  to  authorize  the  registration  of  trade-marks  used  6 
commerce  with  foreign  nations,  or  among  the  several  States  or  Indian  tribes,  and  to  protect  the  same," 
approved  February  20,  1905,  and  later  amendatory  acls. 

"The  owner  of  a  trade-mark  used  in  commerce  with  foreign  nations,  or  among  the  several  States,  or 
with  Indian  tribes,  provided  such  owner  shall  be  domiciled  within  the  territory  of  the  United  States,  or 
resides  in  or  is  located  in  any  foreign  country,  which,  by  treaty,  convention,  or  law,  affords  similar  privilegea 
to  the  citizens  of  the  United  States,  may  obtain  registration  for  such  trade-mark  by  complying  with  the 
following  requirements:  First,  by  filing  in  the  Patent  Office  an  application  therefor,  in  writing,  addressed 
to  the  Commissioner  of  Patents,  signed  by  the  applicant,  specifying  his  name,  domicile,  location,  and 
citizenship;  the  class  of  merchandise  and  the  particular  description  of  goods  comprised  In  such  class  to 
which  the  trade-mark  is  appropriated;  a  statement  of  the  mode  in  which  the  same  is  applied  and  affixed 
to  goods  and  the  length  of  time  during  which  the  trade-mark  has  been  used;  a  description  of  the  trade- 
mark Itself  shall  be  included,  if  desired  by  the  applicant  or  required  by  the  Commissioner,  provided  suclj 
description  is  of  a  character  to  meet  the  approval  of  the  Commissioner.  With  this  statement  shall  be  filed 
a  drawing  of  the  trade-mark,  signed  by  the  applicant,  or  his  attorney,  and  such  number  of  specimens  of 
tho  trade-mark,  as  actually  used,  as  may  be  required  by  the  Commissioner  of  Patents.  Second,  by  paying 
Into  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States  the  sum  of  ten  dollars,  and  otherwise  complying  with  the  require- 
ments of  this  act  and  duch  regulations  as  may  be  prescribed  by  the  COmmlasioner  of  Patents. 

"A  certificate  ol  registration  shall  remain  in.  force  for  twenty  yeara,  except  that  in  the  case  of  traoe" 


Vopyright  Lovj  of  the  United  States.  Q%7 


KEGISTRATION   OF   TRADE-MARKS— CuMrUued. 


marks  previously  registered  In  a  foreign  country  such  certificates  sliall  cease  to  be  in  force  on  the  dav  on 
whicli  t.'ie  trade-mailc  ceases  to  be  protected  in  such  foreign  countr.v,  and  shall  in  no  case  remain  in  force 
wore  thsn  twenty  >ear3,  unless  renewed,  t'crtiflcates  of  registration  may  be,  from  time  to  time,  renewed 
for  like  uerlods  on  payments  of  the  renewal  fees  required  by  this  act,  upon  request  bv  ttie  registrant,  his 
legal  representatives,  or  transferees  of  record  in  the  I'atont  Ofhce,  and  such  request  may  be  made  at  anv 
time  not  more  than  six  months  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  period  for  which  the  certificates  of  registration 
were  issued  or  renewed.  CertiQcates  of  registration  in  force  at  the  dale  at  which  tills  act  takes  effect  shall 
remain  in  force  for  Ihe  period  for  which  tiiey  were  issued,  but  shall  be  renewable  on  the  same  conditions 
and  for  the  same  periods  as  certificates  issued  imder  the  provisions  of  this  act,  and  when  so  renewed  shall 
have  lie  same  force  and  effect  as  certificates  issued  under  this  act. 

"Tiie  registration  of  a  trade-mark  under  the  provisions  of  tliis  act  shall  be  prima  facie  evidence  of 
ownership.  Any  person  who  shall,  without  the  consent  of  tlie  owner  thereof,  reproduce,  coimterfeit  copy, 
or  colorably  imitate  any  such  trade-mark  and  afflx  the  same  to  merctiandise  of  substantially  the  same 
descriptive  properties  as  those  set  forth  in  the  registration,  or  to  labels,  signs,  prints,  packages,  wrappers, 
or  receptacles  intended  to  be  used  upon  or  in  connection  witli  the  .sale  of  merchandise  of  substantially  the 
same  descriptive  properties  as  those  set  forih  in  such  registration,  and  shall  use,  or  shall  have  used,  such 
reproduction,  counterfeit,  copy,  or  colorable  imitation  in  commerce  among  the  several  States,  or  with  a 
foreign  nation,  or  with  the  Indian  tribes,  sliail  be  liable  to  an  action  for  damages  therefor  at  the  suit  of  (he 
owner  tltereof;  and  whenever  in  any  sucli  action  a  verdict  is  rendered  for  the  plaintiff,  the  court  may  enter 
judgmeat  therein  for  any  sum  above  the  jiniouut  found  by  the  serdict  as  ilie  actual  damages,  according 
to  the  circumstances  of  the  case,  not  exceeding  three  times  ttie  amount  of  such  verdict,  together  with  the 
costs." 

No  trade-mark  will  be  registered  which  ooiisi.ils  of  or  comprises  immoral  or  scandalous  matter,  or 
which  <'onsists  of  or  comprises  tlie  flag  or  coat  of  arras  or  otlier  insignia  of  the  United  States,  or  any  simula- 
tion thereof,  or  of  any  Stat«  or  municipality,  or  of  any  foreign  nation,  or  which  consists  of  or  comprises 
any  design  or  picture  that  iias  been  adopted  by  any  fraternal  society  as  its  emblem,  or  of  any  name,  dis- 
tinguishing mark,  character,  emblem,  colors,  (lag,  or  banner  adopted  by  any  institution,  organization, 
club,  or  society  which  was  incorporated  in  any  Ktate  in  the  United  States  prior  to  the  date  of  the  adoption 
and  use  by  the  a,pplicant;  Provided,  That  said  name,  distinguishing  uiivrit,  character;  emblem,  colors,  flag, 
or  banner  was  adopted  and  publicly  used  by  said  institution,  oigani/.oXion.  club,  or  society  prior  to  the 
date  of  adoption  and  use  by  the  applicant;  unless  it  shall  be  .shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Commissioner 
of  Patents  that  the  mark  was  adopted  and  used  as  a  trade-mark  bj'  the  applicant  or  applicant's  predecessors. 
from  whom  title  is  derived,  at  a  date  prior  to  the  date  of  its  adoption  by  such  fraternal  society  as  its  emblem, 
or  which  trade-mark  is  identical  with  a  registevcd  or  known  trade-mark  owned  and  in  use  by  another,  and 
appropriated  to  mercliandiee  of  the  same  descriptive  properties,  or  which  so  nearly  resembles  a  registered 
or  known  trade-mark  owned  and  in  use  by  another,  and  appropriated  to  merchandise  of  the  same  descriptive 
properties  as  to  be  likely  to  cause  confusion  or  mistake  in  tlie  minds  of  the  public,  or  to  deceive  purchasers- 
or  which  consists  merely  in  the  name  of  an  individual,  firm,  corporation,  or  association,  not  written,  printed, 
impressed,  or  woven  In  some  particular  or  distinctive  manner  or  in  association  with  a  portrait  of  the  indi- 
vidual, or  merely  in  words  or  devices  which  are  descriptive  of  the  goods  with  which  they  are  used,  or  of 
the  character  or  quality  of  such  goods,  or  merely  a  geographical  name  or  term;  no  portrait  of  a  living  indl- 
\i(iual  will  be  registered  as  a  trade-mark,  except  by  the  consent  of  such  Individual  evidenced, by  an  instru- 
ment in  writing;  and  no  trade-mark  will  be  registered  which  is  used  i:i  unlawful  business,  or  upon  any 
article  injurious  in  itself,  or  wliich  has  been  used  with  the  desian  of  deceiving  the  public  in  the  purchase 
of  merchandise,  or  which  has  been  abandoned. 

Any  mark,  used  in  commerce  with  foreign  nations  or  among  the  spveral  States  or  with  Indian  tribes, 
may  be  registered  if  it  has  been  in  actual  and  exclusive  use  as  a  trade-mark  of  the  applicant,  or  his  pred- 
ecessors from  whom  he  derived  title,  for  ten  years  next  preceding  the  passage  of  the  act  of  February  20,  1905. 

By  .■\ct  of  Congress  approved  February  18,  1909,  the  second  section  of  the  trades-mark  act  was  amended 
BO  as  to  read  as  follows: 

"The  application  prescribed  in  the  foregoing  section,  in  order  to  create  any  right  whatever  in  favor 
of  the  party  filing  it,  must  be  accompanied  by  a  written  declaration  verified  by  the  applicant,  or  by  a 
member  of  the  firm  or  an  officer  of  the  corporation  or  association  applying,  to  the  effect  that  the  applicant 
believes  himself  or  the  firm,  corporation,  or  association  in  whose  behalf  he  makes  the  application  to  be 
the  owner  of  the  trade-mark  sought  to  be  registered,  and  that  no  other  person,  firm,  corporation,  or  asso- 
ciation, 10  the  best  of  the  applicant's  knowledge  and  belief,  has  the  right  to  use  such  ti-ade-mark  in  the 
United  States,  either  In  the  identical  form  or  in  such  near  resemblance  thereto  as  might  be  calculated  to 
deceive:  that  such  trade-mark  is  used  in  commerce  among  tlie  several  States,  or  with  foreign  nations,  or 
with  Indian  tribes,  and  that  the  description  and  drawing  presented  truly  represent  the  tifade-mark  sought 
to  be  registered.  If  the  applicant  resides  or  is  located  in  a  foreign  country,  the  statement  required  shall, 
in  addition  to  the  foregoing,  set  forth  that  the  trade-mark  has  been  registered  by  the  applicant,  or  that 
an  application  for  tlip  registration  thereof  has  been  Died  by  him  in  the  foreign  country  in  which  he  reside? 
or  is  located,  and  shall  give  the  date  of  such  registration,  or  the  application  therefor,  as  the  case  may  be, 
BKcept  iliat  in  the  application  in  such  cases  it  shall  not  be  necessary  to  state  that  the  mark  has  been  used 
In  commerce  with  the  United  States  or  among  the  States  thereof.  The  verilicatiou  required  by  this  section 
may  be  made  before  any  person  within  the  United  States  autliorized  by  law,to  administer  oaths,  or,  when 
the  applicant  resides  In  a  foreign  country,  before  any  Minister,  Charge  d'Aftaires,  Consul,  or  commercial 
agent  holding  commission  under  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  before  any  notary  public.  Judge, 
or  Magistrate  having  an  official  seal  and  authorized  to  administer  oaths  in  the  foreign  country  in  which  the 
applicant  may  be  whose  authority  shall  be  proved  by  a  certificate  of  a  diplomatic  or  consular  officer  of 
the  United  States." 

A  fee  of  SIO.OO  is  required  by  law  to  be  paid  with  each  application  for  the  registration  of  a  trade-mark, 
and  this  fee  will  include  the  certificate  of  registration,  if  the  trade-mark  be  determined  to  be  registrable. 


COPYRIGHT    LAW    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(Revised  by  Thorvald  Solberg,  Register  of  C'opyrights.) 

Tia:  copyright  law  approved  IMarch  4,  1909,  which  took  effect  on  July  1,  1909,  provides  that  the  appli- 
cation for  reg'istration  of  any  work  "shall  specify  to  which  of  the  following  classes  the  work  in  which  copy- 
right is  claimed  belongs":  . 

(a)  Books,  including  composite  and  cyclopsedic  works,  directories,  gazetteers  and  other  compilations: 
(b)  periodicals,  including  newspapers;  (c)  lectures,  sermons,  addresses,  prepared  for  oral  delivery;  (d)  dra- 
matic or  dramatico-rausical  compositions;  (e)  musical  compositions;  (f)  maps;  (g)  works  of  art,  models  or 
designs  for  works  of  ait;  (h)  reproductions  of  a  work  of  art;  (1)  drawings  or  plastic  works  of  a  scientific  or 
technical  character;  (j)  photographs;  (k)  prints  and  pictoriAl  illustrations.  The  amendment  of  Augast  24, 
1912;  adds;    (1)  motion  picture  photo-plays;  (m)  motion  pictures  other  than  photo-plays. 

The  application  for  registration  of  any  atticle  shotild  distinctly  specify  to  which  one  of  these  clasaes  tlie 


S28  ,  United  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor. 


COPYRIGHT  LAV/  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES— C<?«fKW«i. 


work  belongs.  An  article  la  not  entitled  to  registration  luiless  it  is  reasonably  possible  to  class  it  under  one 
or  the  other  of  the  designations  named  in  the  statute. 

For  works  reproduced  in  copies  for  sale  or  public  distribution:     1.  Publish  the  work  with  the  ooi)yright 

notice.     The  notice  may  be  in  the  form  "Copyright.  19. . . .  (year  date  of  publication)  by (narac 

of  copyTig;ht  proprietor),  or  in  case  of  works  specified  above  (f)  to  (k).  the  notice  may  consist  of  tlio  letter  C 
enclosed  in  a  circle  (C)  accompanied  by  the  initials,  monogram,  mark  or  symbol  of  the  proprietor — i.i-ovlded 
that  his  name  shall  appear  on  some  accessible  part  of  the  Copies."  2.  Promptly  after  publication  send  to 
the  Copyright  Office,  Library  of  Congress,  Washington,  D.  C.,  two  copies  (or  If  the  work  is  by  a,  foreign 
citizen  and  is  first  published  in  a  foreign  country,  one  copy  only)  of  the  best  edition  of  the  work,  wit!;  an  ap- 
plication for  registration.  In  the  case  of  motion  picture  photo-plays  and  of  motion  pictures  other  than 
photo-plays  a  description  of  the  work  must  be  filed,  together  with  copies  of  the  reels,  and  a  moHty  order 
payable  to  the  Register  of  Copyriglits  for  the  statutory  registration  fee  of  SI.     — 

In  the  case  of  books  by  American  authora,  or  permanent  i-esidents  of  the  United  States,  tiic  copies 
deposited  must  be  accompanied  by  au  affidavit,  under  the  official  seal  of  an  officer  authorized  to  administer 
oaths,  stating  that  the  typesetting,  printing  and  binding  of  the  book  nave  been  performed  within  V-k'  l.Init-cd 
States.     Affidavit  and  application  forms  will  be  sup))lied  by  the  Copyright  Office  on  request. 

Books  of  foreign  origin  In  a  language  or  languages  other  than  English  are  not  required  to  be  inanu- 
iactured  in  the  United  States.  In  tho  case  of  a  book  in  the  English  language  published  abroad  before  publi- 
cation in  this  coimtry,  an  ad  interim  copyright  for  30  days  from  the  day  of  the  deposit  of  the  foreign  copy 
may  be  secured  by  depositing  in  the  Copyright  Office  one  complete  copy  of  the  foreign  edition  within  30 
days  after  its  publication  abroad.  If  two  copies  of  such  book  manufactured  In  thia  country  are  dc-posited 
with  application  for  registration  and  tee  (SI)  published  during  the  ad  interim  term,  the  copyi-igiit.  jhall  be 
extended  for  the  full  term  of  28  years. 

For  works  not  reproduced  In  copies  for  sale:  Copyright  may  also  be  had  of  certain  classes  ol  works 
(see  a,  bi  c,  below)  of  wliich  copies  are  not  reproduced  for  sale,  by  filing  !q  the  Copyright  Office  an  a.yplica- 
tion  for  registration,  with  the  statutory  foe  of  SI,  sending  therewith:  (a)  In  the  case  of  lectures  or  other  oral 
addresses  or  of  dramatic  or  musical  compositions,  one  complete  manuscript  or  typewritten  copy  of  tiic  work, 
Tliis  privilege  of  registration,  however,  does  not  exempt  the  copJ^^ght  proprietor  fronf  the  deposit  ol  printed 
copies  of  a  dramatic  or^musical  composition  or  lecture  where  the  work  Ls  later  reproduced  in  copies  for  eala 
A  new  application  must  be  made  iu  such  cases  and  another  fee  of  Si  paid,  (b)  In  the  case  of  photographs 
uot  Intended  lor  general  circulation,  one  pliotographic  print,  (c)  In  the  case  of  works  of  art  (paintings,  draw- 
ings, sculpture);  or  of  drawings  or  plastic  works  of  a  scleutlllc  or  technical  character,  one  photograph  or 
other  Identifying  production  of  the  work.  In  the  case  of  a  motion  pictui'e  photo-play  a  title  and  descrip- 
tion and  one  print  taken  from  each  scene  or  act.  In  case  of  a  motion  picture  other  than  a  photo-play,  a 
title  and  description  with  not  les.s  than  two  prints  to  be  taken  from  different  sections  of  a  complete  motion 
picture.     In  all  these  cases,  if  the  work  is  later  reproduced  in  copies  for  sale,  two  copies  must  then  de  deposited. 

For  regi.=tration  of  any  work  subject  to  copyright,  il,  which  sum  Is  to  Include  a  certificate  of  registra- 
tion under  seal.  But  only  one  registration  at  one  fee  is  requb'ed  In  the  case  of  several  volumes  of  the  same 
book  deposited  In  the  Copyright  Office  at  the  same  time.  For  every  additional  certificate  of  regisuatloD, 
or  copy  of  record  under  seal,  50  cents.  In  the  case  of  photographs  the  fee  shall  be  50  cents  where  a  certifi- 
cate Is  not  requested.  For  recording  and  certifying  an  assignment  of  copyright,  or  for  a  certified  copy  of  an 
assignment,  SI,  if  the  instniment  is  not  over  three  hundred  words  in  length;  if  more  than  three  hundred  and 
less  than  one  thousand  words  in  length,  S2;  if  more  than  one  tliousand  words  in  length,  SI  additional  for  each 
additional  one  thousand  words  or  fraction  thereof  over  three  hundred  words.  For  comparing  a  corrj  of  an 
assignment  with  the  record  of  such  document  in  the  Copyright  Office  and  certifying  the  same  under  seal, 
$1.  For  recordftig  the  transfer  of  the  propiietorshlp  of  copyviglit  articles,  10  cents  for  each  title  of  a  book 
or  other  article,  in  addition  to  the  fee  prescribed  for  recording  the  instrument  of  assignment.  For  recording 
an  extension  or  renewal  of  copyright,  SO  cents.  Remittances  should  be  made  by  money  order  payable  to  the 
Register  of  Copyrights.     Forma  for  application  for  copyright  registration  will  be  furnished  on  request. 

The  original  term  of  copyright  mas  for  twenty-eight  years.  Within  one  year  prior  to  the  exDiratlou 
of  the  original  term,  the  author,  if  living,  or  the  widow  or  widower  of  the  author,  or  the  children  of  the  author 
If  he  be  not  living;  or  if  none  of  these  be  living  then  the  author's  executors,  or  in  the  absence  of  a  will,  the 
author's  next  of  kin  may  secure  a  renewal  for  a  fiu^her  term  of  twenty-eight  years,  malting  fifty-six  years 
in  all.  In  case  of  composite  works,  if  the  proprietor  secured  the  original  copyrights,  he  may  also  secure 
the  renewal. 

Copyrights  are  assignable  by  any  Instruments  of  writing.  Every  assignment  of  copyright  must  be 
recorded  in  the  Copyright  Office  within  tlrree  calendar  months  after  its  execution  In  the  United  States  or 
within  six  calendar  months  after  its  execution  without  the  limits  of  the  United  States.  "In  default  of  which 
it  shall  be  void  as  against  any  subsequent  purchaser  or  mortgagee  for  a  valuable  consideration,  without 
notice,  whose  assignment  has  been  duly  recorded."  Every  assignment  of  copyright  executed  in  a  foreign 
covmtry  must  be  acknowledged  by  the  assignor  before  a  consular  officer  or  secretary  of  legation  of  the  United 
States  authorized  by  law  to  admtnLster  oaths  or  perform  notarial  acta.  The  certificate  of  such  acknowledg- 
ment under  the  hand  and  official  seal  of  such  Consular  Officer  or  Secretary  of  Legation  is  prima  fade  evidence 
of  the  execution  of  the  Instrument. 

INTERNATIONAL  COPYRIGHT  RELATIONS. 

Copyright  Is  not  sccwed  in  foreign  countries  by  action  in  the  Copyright  Office,  but  only  by  complying 
with  the  legislation  of  such  countries. 

Copyright  relations  have  been  established  with  the  following  foreign  countries  by  proclamation  of  the 
President:  Austria,  Belgium,  Chile,  Costa  Rica,  Cuba,  Denmark,  France,  Germany,  Great  Britain  and  the 
British  possessions,  Italy,  Luxembmg,  Mexico,  Netherlands  and  possessions,  Norway,  Portugal,  Spain, 
Sweden,  Switzerland,  Tunis. 

Copjrright  proclamations  have  been  Issued  under  See.  1  (e)  of  the  act  of  1909,  securing  copyrigbt  control 
of  mechanical  musical  reproduction  iu  the  U.  S.  to  citizens  or  subjects  of  Australia.  Belgium,  Cuba,  France, 
CJermany,  Great  Britain,  Italy,  Luxemburg.  New  Zealand  and  Norway.  The  convention  with  Bungary 
includes  such  protection. 

Copyright  treaties  have  also  been  entered  into  with  China,  Japan  and  Hungary  (ihe  latter  iu  effect  on 
October  10,  1912).  The  Copyright  Convention  of  Mexico  of  1902  has  been  ratified  by  the  United  States 
and  is  effective  from  July  1 ,  1908,  as  between  the  United  States  and  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Honduras, 
Nicaragua  and  Salvador.  The  Pan-American  Copyright  Convention  signed  at  Buenos  Ayres  In  1910  was 
proclaimed  July  13,  1914,  and  Is  effective  as  between  the  United  States  and  Bolivia,  Brazil,  Co.iia  Rica. 
Dominican  Republic,  Ecuador,  Guatemala   Honduras,  Nicaragua,  Panama  and  Salvador. 


UNITED   SOCIETY   OF   CHRISTIAN    ENDEAVOR. 

The  oflScers:  Presideiu — Rev.  Francis  E.  Clark,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.  General  Secretary — William  Shaw. 
IAj.  D.  BdUoriai  Secretary — Rev.  Robert  P.  Anderson.  7'reasurer  and  Publication  Manager — ^A.  J.  Shartle. 
Associate  President  and  CitizensMj?  Superintendent — Daniel  A.  Poling,  LL.  D.  Extension  Secreiary — Ira 
fjandrltb,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.  Southern  States  Secrer.ary — Karl  Lehmami.  General  ofBccs,  Mount  Venion  and 
Joy  Streets,  Boston. 


Uniled  States  Patent  Office  Statistics — 1837-1917. 


a  Oik 


<B.v 


UNITED    STATES 

the  Commissioner  of  Piitents. 


PATENT 


OFFICE    STATISTICS-1837-1917. 

The  Caveat  Law 


Applications  Include  patents,  designs,  and  reissues 
was  repealed  .June  25,  1910.) 


"Year. 


J837 . 
183S . , 
1839 . , 
1840.. 
1841.. 
1842.. 
1843.. 
1844.. 
1845 . . 
1846 . . 
1847 . . 
1848 . . 
1849  ■.. 
1850 . . 
1851 . . 
1852 . . 
1853 . . 
1854. 
1855 ; . 
1856. 
1857 . 
1858. 
1859 . 
1860. 
1861 . . 
1862 . . 
1863.. 
1864.. 
1865 . . 
1866 . . 
1867.. 
1868.. 
1869 . . 
1870. 
1871 . . 
1872. 
1873. 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876 . . 
1877.. 


Appli- 
cations 


-  765 

847 

761 

819 

1,045 

1,246 

1.272 

1.531 

1.628 

1.955 

2.193 

2,258 

2,639 

2.673 

3,324 

4,435 

4,960 

4.771 

5.364 

6,225 

7,653 

4,643 

5,038 

6.014 

6.972 

10,664 

15,269 

21.276 

20,445 

19.271 

19.171 

19.472 

18.246 

20.414 

21.602 

21.638 

21.426, 

20.308i 


C'v'fs 
Filed. 


Pat- 
ents. 


228 
312 
291 
315 

■.m 

453 

448 

533 

607 

595 

602 

760 

'J9C 

901 

868 

906 

1.024 

I.OIO 

943 

1,079 

1,034 

700 

824 

787 

1,063 

1.932 

2,723 

3,rm 

3,705 
3,624 
3,273 
3,366 
3,090 
3,218 
3,181 
3,094 
2,897 
2.809 


435 

520 

425 

473 

495 

517 

519 

497 

603 

638 

569 

653 

1.077 

993 

872 

1.019 

.  96! 

1,844 

2,013 

2,605 

2,896 

3.710 

4.538 

4,819 

3.340 

3.521 

4,170 

B.020 

6.616 

9,450 

13,015 

13.378 

13.986 

13.321 

13.033 

13,590 

12.864 

13.691 

14.837 

1.';.595 

14,187 


Cash 
Keceivcd 


29,289.08 

42,123.M 

38,019.97 

G8,056.5I 

40,413.01 

36,505.63 

33,315.81 

42,509.26 

51,076.14 

50,264.16 

63,111.19 

67,576.60 

80.752.78 

86,927.05 

95,738.61 

112,056.34 

121,527.45 

163,789.84 

216,439.35 

192,588.02 

196,132.01 

203,716.1') 

245,942.15 

256,352.59 

137,354.44 

215.754.99 

195,593.29 

240,919.98 

348,791.84 

495,665.38 

646,581.92 

681,565.86 

693,145.81 

669,456.76 

078,716.46 

699,726.39 

703,191.77 

738,278.17 

743.453.36 

7,'>7.987.65 

732.342.85 


Casli 
Expend. 


3;.!,. 506. 98 

:i7,:!38.92 

34,513.51 

39.020.67 

52,666.87 

31.241.43 

30,776.96 

36,344.53 

39,395.65 

46,1,58.71 

41,878.33 

58,905.81 

77,716.44 

80,100.95 

86,916.93 

95,916.91 

132,869.83 

167,146.32 

179.n.!0.:;3 

199,931.112 

211, .582. 09 

193,193.74 

210,278.41 

232,820.80 

221.491.91 

182,810.39 

189,414.14 

229,868.(10 

274,199.34 

361,724.28 

639,263.32 

628,679.77 

436.430.74 

557,147.19 

.562,091.64 

665,595.00 

691,178.98 

679,288.41 

721,657.71 

652,542.60 

613,1,52.62 


Ye.\R. 


I87:s . 
1879. 
1880. 
188 1. 
1882. 
1883 . 
188 1 . 
1883 . 
1886. 
1887. 
KSH. 
18S9  . 

1890  . 

1891  . 
1S9L' . 
ism;',  . 
iSHl. 
1893  , 
iS'lii . 
1897  . 
I89S  . 
IS1)9  . 
11)0.1 . 
1 911 1  . 
ims . 
1911:! . 
19111  . 
19113  . 
19(16  . 
I!llt7  . . 

1908  . 

1909  . 
191(1. 
1911  . 
19  r.'. 
1913. 
1914  . 
1913  . 

19)7. 


Appli- 
cations 


20,260 
20,059 
23,012 
26,059 
31,622 
34,576 
33,600 
35,717 
35,968 
33,613 
35,797 
10,375 
11,048 
10,3.52 
40,753 
38.473 
38, 139 
10,680 
13,982 
47,903 
33,842 
41,443 
11,980 
46,449 
19,641 
30,213 
52,143 
34,971 
56,482 
38,762 
61,475 
65,839 
64.629 
69,121 
70.976 
70,367 
70.404 
70,069 
71,033 
70,373 


C'v'ts 
Filed. 


2,755 
2,620 
2,490 
2,406 
2,553 
2,741 
2,582 
2.552 
2,513 
2,622 
2,251 
2,481 
2,311 
2,408 
2,290 
2,247 
2,286 
2,415 
2,271 
2,170 
1,6.59 
1,716 
1,731 
1,842 
1,851 
1,771 
1,808 
1,896 
1,885 
1,967 
2,110 
1,948 
970 


Pat- 
ents. 


13.444 
13,213 
13,947 
16,584 
19,267 
22,383 
20,413 
24,233 
22,508 
21,477 
20,506 
24,158 
26,292 
23,244 
23,559 
23,769 
20,867 
22,057 
23,373 
23,794 
22,267 
23,527 
26,499 
27,373 
27,886 
31,699 
30,934 
30,399 
31,963 
36,620 
33,682 
37,421 
35,930 
34,084 
37,731 
33,788 
41,850 
44,934 
45,927 
42,760, 


Cash 
Received 


Cash 
Expend. 


$725,375.55 
703,931.47 
749.685.32 
853.665.89 
1,009,219.45 
1,146,240.00 
1.075.798.80 
1.188,089.15 
1,154,551.40 
1,144,609.60 
1,118,516.10 
1,281,728.05 
1,340,372.66 
1,271,285.78 
1,286,331.88 
1,242,871.64 
1,187,439.58 
1,245,246.93 
1,324,039,83 
1,375,641.72 
1,137,734.48 
1.325,4.57.03 
1,350,828.53 
1,449,398.16 
1,552,859.08 
1,642.201.81 
1.657.326.53 
1.806.758.14 
1.790.921.38 
1,910,618.14 
1,896,847.67 
2,042,828.14 
2,025,536.69 
2,019,388.03 
2,118,158.30 
2,084,417.79 
2,251,892.82 
2,290.773.47 
2,345,540.94 
2,258,377.10 


?.593,082.89 

529,638.97 

'  638,865.17 

605,173.28 

683,867,67 

675,234.86 

970,679.76 

1,024,378.85 

992.503.45 

994.472.22 

973,103.78 

1.052.955.96 

1.0!>9.297.74 

1.139.713.33 

1.110.739.24 

1.141.038.45 

1.100.047.12 

1,106,389.49 

1,113,413.71 

1,122,843.13 

1,136.196.20 

1,211,783.73 

1,260.019.62 

1,297,385.64 

1,393,345.54 

1,448,645.81 

1,476,000.38 

1,479,633.22 

1,554,891.20 

1,631.458.36 

1,712.303.42 

1,955,151.14 

2,005,711.94 

1,953,689.91 

2,022,066.11 

1,947,383.28 

2,000,770.12 

2,033.442.15 

2,115.367.91 

2,043,173.10 


SERLVL  NUMBER  OF  FIRST  PATENT  AND  CERTIFICATE  ISSUED  IN  EACH  CALENDAR  YEAR. 


YE.\it. 


1896 
1897 
189S 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1995 
1906 


Patent. 


531,619 
552,502 
574,369 
596,467 
616,871 
640,167 
664,827 
690,385 
717,521 
748,567 
778,834 
808.618 


De- 
sign. 


23,922 
25.037 
26.482 
28,113 
29,916 
32,055 
33,813 
38,547 
36,187 
36,723 
37,280 
37,766 


Re- 
issue. 


11,461 
11,520 
11,581 
11,646 
11,706 
11,798 
11,879 
11,960 
12,070 
12,189 
12,299 
12,428 


Trade- 
mark. 


25,757 
27,586 
29,399 
31,070 
32.308 
33.957 
35,678 
37,606 
39,612 
41,798 
43,956 
48,446 


Label. 


,546 
,.547 
,561 
,761 
,272 
009 
887 
,634 
,644 
758 
588 


uE.\R. 


I9i)7  . 

1908 

1909  . 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917 . 

1918. 


Patent. 


839,799 

875,679 

908,436 

943,010 

980,178 

1,103,093 

1,049,326 

1,083,267 

1,123,212 

1,166,419 

1,210,389 

1,251,438 


Do- 

SlRU. 


.38,391 
38,980 
39,737 
40,424 
41,063 
42,073 
43,413 
-  45,098 
46,813 
48,338 
50,117 
51,629 


Re- 
issue. 


12,587 
12,738 
12,906 
13,066 
13,189 
13,346 
13,504 
13,668 
13,858 
14,040 
14,238 
14,417 


Trade- 
mark 


59,014 

66,892 

72,083 

76,267 

80,506 

84,711 

89,731 

94,796 

101,613 

■107,875 

114,666 

120,00? 


Label. 


13,297 
13,964 
14,582 
15,074 
15,444 
16,103 
16,736 
17,444 
18,163 
18,966 
19,830 
20,443 


TOTAL  NUMBER  OP  PATENTS,  DESIGN  PATENTS,  AND  REISSUED  PATENTS,  CALENDAR 

YEARS— 1904-1917, 


Number  of  Patents  and  Certificates  of  Registration  Issued  During  Each  Calendar  Year. 

CALEND.VR  YEA.E. 

Patenta. 

Designs. 

Reissues. 

Total 
Patents. 

Trade- 
marks. 

Labels. 

Prints. 

Total 
Certiflcts. 

1804 

30.267 
29.784 
31.181 
35,880 
32.767 
36,574 
35.168 
32,917 
36,231 
33,941 
39,945 
43.207 
43,970 
41,069 

.557 

486 

625 

589 

757 

687 

639 

1.010 

1.342 

1.683 

1.715 

1,545 

1,759 

1,512 

110 
129 
159 
151 
168 
160 
123 
157 
168 
164 
'    190 
183 
198 
179 

30,934 
30,399 
31,965 
36,620 
33,682 
37.421 
35.930 
34.084 
37.731 
35,788 
41,850 
44,934 
45.927 
42,7ri0 

2,158 
4,490 
10,568 
7.878 
5.191 
4.184 
4.239 
4,205 
5.020 
5.065 
6.817 
6,262 
P. 791 
o,3o9 

1,114 
830 
709 
667 
618 
492 
370 
659 
633 
708 
719 
803 
864 
013 

297 
359 
656 
315 
220 
148 
120 
248 
243 
290 
338 
371 
432 
245 

3,569 

1905 

5,679 

1908 

11,933 

1907 

8,860 

1908 ,  . 

6,029 

1909 

4,824 

1910 

4,729 

1911 

5,112 

1912 

5,890 

1913 ■ 

1914 

6,063 
7,874 

1915 

7,436 

1916 

8,087 

leiT 

5,197 

£30 


United  States  Postal  Statistics. 


UNITED    STATES    POSTAL    STATISTICS. 


Yeah. 
I  Fiscal.) 


18(M>. . 

1810... 

1820. . . 

1830. . . 

1840. . . 

lSr>0. . . 

1865. . . 

18f.-)... 

ISfli . . . 

1862... 

1863... 

1864. . . 

1863. . . 

1866. . . 

1867... 

1868. . . 

1809. . . 

1870. . . 

1871... 

1872. . . 

1873. . . 

1874... 

1875. . . 

1876. . . 

1877... 

1878... 

187a... 

18S0.>. 

1881... 

188L'... 

18S3... 

188 t... 

1885... 

ISStV.. 

1887... 

1888... 

1S89... 

1890... 

1891 . . . 

189J... 

1893... 

1894... 

1895... 

189G... 

1897..., 

189S.... 

1890. . 

1900..., 

1901.... 

1902. . . . 

1903... 

1904. . . 

1905. . . . 

1906. . . . 

1907. . . 

1908.... 

1909. . . 

1910. . . . 

1911.... 

1912.... 

1913.... 

1914. . . . 

1915.... 

1916.... 

1917... . 

191S.... 


Post 
Offices. 


Number. 
903 
2,300 
4.500 
8.450 
13.468 
18,417 
24,410 
28,498 
28.S8G 
28,875 
29.047 
28,878 
20,550 
23,828 
25.163 
20,481 
27,106 
28,492 
30,045 
31,803 
33,244 
34,294 
35,547 
36,383 
37,345 
38,253 
40,588 
42,989 
44,512 
46,231 
40,820 
48,434 
51,252 
53,614 
5.5,157 
57,370 
58,999 
02,401 
64,329 
67,119 
68,403 
69,805 
70.064 
70,360 
71,022 
73,570 
75,000 
76,688 
76.945 
75,924 
74,169 
71,131 
68,131 
05,600 
62,659 
01.158 
60,144 
59,580 
59,237 
58,729 
.58.020 
.56.810 
56,380 
55,934 
55,418 
.54,345 


Exteui 
of  Post 
Routes. 


Miles. 

20,817 

36,400 

72,492 

115,170, 

155,739 

178,672 

227,908 

240,59-! 

140,399 

134,013 

139,598 

139,172 

142,340 

180,921 

203,245 

216.928 

223,731 

231,232 

238,359 

251,398 

256,210 

260,097 

277,873 

281,798 

292,820 

301.960 

310,711 

343,888 

344,006 

343.618 

353.166 

359,530 

365,2 

368,660 

392,874 

403.970 

416,159 

427,990 

439.027 

447,591 

453,833 

4,54,746 

456,026 

463,313 

470,032 

480,461 

490,948 

500,989 

511,808 

607,540 

506,208 

490,818 

486,805 

478.711 

463,406 

450,738 

418,018 

447,998 

435,388 

436,469 

436,293 

435,597 

433,334 

444,279 

470,487 

4f.5,371 


Paid  OS  Ctoni- 
peiLSatlon  of 
Po.stmastcis. 


Dollars. 

69,242 

149,138 

352.295 

.595,234 

1.028,925 

1.549,.376 

2,135,335 

2.552.868 

2.514,157 

2.340.767 

2,876,983 

3,174,326 

3,383,382 

3,454,677 

4,033.72& 

4.255,311 

4.546,958 

4,673,466 

5,028,381 

5,121,665 

5,725,468 

.5,818,472 

7,049,936 

7,381,460 

7,284,283 

7,966,921 

7.182,239 

7,708,407 

8,298.743 

8,904.076 

10,315,394 

11.283,830 

n,243,848 

11.348.178 

11.929.481 

12.689.768 

13,168,991 

13.753,090 

14.527.000 

15.249.565 

15,863,622 

15,899,709 

1 6.079,508 

16.661,181 

16,908,384 

17,453,433 

18,223,600 

19,112,097 

19.949,515 

20,783,919 

21.631,724 

22,273,343 

22,743,342 

23,544,.585 

24,575,696 

25,599,307 

26,569,892 

27,521,040 

28,284,964 

28,647,726 

29,126,602 

29,954.209 

30,370,379 

31,086,525 

31,899,850 

31,394,556 


tiross 
Ileveuiie  rtf 
Department. 


Grow  !Cx- 
penditiiro  of 
Deparlnicut 


DoV^ais. 

280,806 

551,7" 

1,111,761 

1.919,314 

4,643.522 

f.,499.985 

6,642,136 

8,518,067 

8,349,290 

8.299,821 

11.163,790 

12.438,254 

14,550.159 

14,436,986 

15,297,027 

16.292,601 

18.344.511 

19,772,221 

20,037,045 

21,91.5,426 

22,996,742 

26.471,072 

26,791,360 

28,044,198 

27.531,. 58 

29.277,517 

.30,041,983 

33,315,479 

30,786,398 

41,876,410 

45.608,693 

43,325,959 

42,560,844 

43,948,423 

48,837,609 

62,695,176 

66,175,611 

60.882,098 

65,931,786 

70,930,475 

76,896,903 

75,080,479 

76,983,128 

82,499,208 

82.665,462 

89,012,618 

95,021,384 

102,354,579 

111,031.193 

121,848,047 

134,224,443 

143,582,624 

152,826,585 

167,932,782 

183,585,005 

191,478,063 

203.562,383 

224,128,658 

237.879,834 

240,744,016 

266.619,.525 

287,934,566 

287,248,105 

312,0.57,689 

329,726.118 

388,975,962 


Di'Vars. 

213,094 

•W.".,i)69 

1,100,926 

1,932,708 

4,718,236 

5,212,953 

9,908,342 

19,170.610 

13,606,759 

11.126,364 

11.814,207 

12,644,786 

13,684,728 

15,352,079 

19.235,483 

22,730,593 

23,698,131 

23,998,837 

24,390,104 

26,658,192 

29,084,946 

82,126.415 

'    83,611,309 

33,203,488 

33,480,322 

84,165,084 

33,449,899 

36,542,804 

39,502,566 

40,482.021 

43,282,944 

47,224,560 

60,046,23' 

61,004.744 

53,000,194 

66,408,315 

62,317.119 

66,250,548 

73,0.59.519 

76,980,846 

81,581,681 

84,994,112 

87,179,551 

90,932,669 

94,077,242 

98,033,523 

101,632,160 

107,740,267 

116.554,921 

124.785.697 

138,784.487 

152,362,116 

167,399,169 

178.449,778 

190,238,288 

208,351,886 

221,004,102 

229.977,224 

237,648,926 

248,525,450 

262.067,541 

283,543,769 

298,546,026 

306,204,033 

319,8.38,718 

324.833.728 


Ordinary   ~ 
Postage  .Stamrw 
lt;M:ed. 


Nvmbcr. 


1 ,540.5*6 

72,977,300 

216,370,660 

211,788.618 

251.307,10* 

338.340.38£ 

334,054.610 

387,419.46fi 

347,734,3M 

371,59e,60S 

383,470,500 

421,047.460 

.  468,118.446 

430,126,176 

641.446.070 

601,931,520 

632,733,420 

682,342.470 

698,799.090 

680,580,670 

742,461.940 

774.358,780 

875.681.970 

964,128.460 

1,114,560.330 

1,202,743.800 

1,450,768,460 

1,465,122.935 

1,620,784,100 

1,746,985,520 

1,867,173,140 

1,961,980,840 

2,219,737,060 

2,397,.503,340 

2,543,270,210 

2,750.293,095 

2,602,278.368 

2.795,424.807 

3.025,481,465 

3,003,633,880 

3,418,458,360 

3,092,775,816 

3,998,544,564 

4,239,273,696 

4,621,285,723 

5,270,549,115 

5,330,886,845 

5,751,017,915- 

6,284,450,496 

7,061,0.36,615 

7,651.400,406 

8,731,876.393 

9,007,164,886 

10,046,068,728 

9,928.263,748 

10,962,358,748 

11.112,254,281 

11,220,386,416 

11,671.842,200 

12,451  ,.'>22,177 

13,065,784,852 


Free  (city)  delivery  .ser\'iee  authorized  by  act  of  March  3,  1863.  Gstabllshed  .Tuly  1,  1863.  Tlie  ftrst 
experimental  nii-ul-delivery  service  wats  c.stablishcd  on  Octotior  1,  1896,  simultaneously  on  tin-ee  routes, 
from  Cbai-leston,  Uvilla,  .ind  Falltowr.,  W.  Va.  Special-delivery  service  autUoilseti  by  act  of  ]\);acU  3, 
1885.  Kstablislied  October  1,  1885.  Service  restricted  to  delivery  of  Is^tters  at  an.v  free-delivery  office 
or  in  any  town  of  4,000  or  more  inliabitiuits.  Mom  y-order  sjstem  went  into  operation  November  1,  1864, 
under  act  of  Congress  of  May  17,  1864.  Internatioii.il  money  orders  first  issued  under  convention  of  October 
2,  1867.     Postal  cards  Orst  Issued  May  1,  1873,  under  act  of  June  8,  1872. 

Postal  cards  issued— (1873)  31,094,000:  (1880)  272,u5O,.5O0;  (1890)  429,515,350;  (1900)  587,815,250: 
(1910)  726,441.000;  (1916)   1,047,894,000;  (1917)   1,112,337,760. 

Money  order  offices  in  operation — (1865)  419;  (1870)  1,694;  (1880)  4,829;  (1890)  9,382;  (1900)  29,649; 
(1910)   51,791;   (1916)   56.020;   (1917)   56,17(). 

Domestic  money  orders  Issued — (1865)  74,277;  (1870)  1,671.253:  (1880)  7,240,537;  (1890)  10,624,727; 
(1900)  32,060.983;  (1910)  76,918,036;  (1916)  121,636,818;  (1917)  133,291,973. 

Value  of  domestic  money  orders  Issued— (1865)  Sl,360,122;  (1870)  534,054,184;  (1880)  5100,352,818: 
(1890)  8114,362,7.57;  (1900)  .S2.38,92 1,009;  (1910)  $547,993,642;  (1916)  §719,364,950;  (1917)  S822.679,623. 

Value  of  International  money  orders  issued — (1S70)  S22,189;  (1880)  53,463,802;  (1890)  $13,230,135; 
(190O)  516,749,018;  (1910)  .$99,742,686;  (19!!)  S109,6n4,639;  (1916)  546,357,386;  (1917)  832,284,1.83. 


Fast  Atlantic  Ocean  Passages. 


231 


UNITED  STATES  POSTAL  STATISTICS— Co>»H?»Metf. 


-(1864)  66;  (1870)  51:  (1880)  104;  (1890)  454;  (1900)  796;  (1910)  1,492: 
(1870)  1,362;  (1880)  2.628;  (1890)  9.066;  (1900)  15,322: 


Number  of  city  tlclivery  offlces- 
(1916)   1.864;  (1917)   1.948. 

Number  of  city  delivery  carriers — (1864)  685; 
(1910)   28,715;   (1916)   34.114:   (1917)   34,592. 

Cost  of  city  deUvery  service— (1864)  $317,063;  (1870)  81,230,079;  (1880)  82,363,693;  (1890)  $7,976,202: 
(1900)  $14,512,190:  (1910)  $31,683,591;  (1916)  S43,136,818:  (1917)  $48,047,712. 

Matter  of  aU  kinds  mailed— (1886)  3,474,000,000;  (1890)  4,005.408.206;  (1900)  7,129.990,202;  (1910) 
14,850.102,559;    (1913)    18.567,445,160. 

Number  of  rural  delivery  carriers— (1897)  S3;  (1900)  1,276:  (1910)  40,977;  (1916)  42,766:  (1917) .43,338. 

Rural  delivery  service  mileage— (1897)   1.843;  (1900)  28,685;  (1910)  993,068  (1016)  1,083,070;  (1917) 
1,112,550. 

Annual  travel  of  rural  delivery  carriers,  in  miles— (1908)  287.104.177;  (1910)  303,006.851:  (1916)  326.- 
434.635;    (1917)    336.302.689. 

Annual  cost  of  rural  delivery  service— (1897)   S14,S40;   (1900)   $420,433;   (1910)   836,914,769;   (1916) 
$51,952,326;  (1917)  $52,420,000. 

Special  deUvery  service— pieces  delivered— (1887 — iirst  full  year)   1.024.567;  (1890)   1.613.567;  (1900) 
5,191,594;   (1910)    15,440.033;   (1916)   27,530,268;   (1917)   33,913,650. 

RAILWAY  MAIL  .SERVICE. 


Railroads 

Annual 

Railroads 

Annual 

Upon 

Tr.anspor- 

Annual 
Cost. 

Average 

Upon 

Transpor- 

Annual 
Cost. 

Average 

(FlSC.) 

Which 

tation  o{ 

An.  Cost 

(IHsc.) 

Which 

tation  of 

An.  Cost 

Mail  Was 

Mail    by 

Per  Mile. 

Mail  Was 

Mail   by 

Per  Mile. 

Carried. 

Railroads. 

Carried. 

Railroads., 

Miles. 

Miles. 

Dollars. 

Dnllais. 

Miles. 

Miles. 

Dollars 

Dollars. 

1879. . 

79.991 

93.092.992 

9,792,589 

0.105 

1899.. 

176.727 

287,591.269 

36,117.875 

.125 

1880. . 

85,320 

96,497.463 

10,648,986 

.110 

1900. . 

179,982 

297,256,303 

37,793,982 

.127 

1881.. 

91,569 

103.521.229 

11,963,117 

.115 

1901.. 

183,359 

302,613,325 

38.519,624 

.127 

1882. . 

100,563 

113.995.318 

13,127,715 

.115 

1902 . . 

187,130 

312,521,478 

39,953,608 

.127 

1883.. 

110,208 

129.198,641 

13,887.800 

.107 

1903.  , 

192,852 

3.33,491,684 

41,886,848 

.125 

1884. . 

117.160 

142,541.392 

15.012.603 

.105 

1904. . 

196,907 

353.038.397 

44,695,610, 

.126 

1885. 

121,032 

151.910345 

16.627.983 

.109 

1905. . 

200,965 

362.645.731 

45,576,515 

.125 

1886. 

123.933 

165.699.389 

17.336.512 

.104 

1906. . 

203,824 

371.661.071 

47.481.037 

.127 

1887. . 

130,949 

169.689.866 

18.056.272 

.106 

1907 . . 

207,237 

387.557.165 

51.008,111 

131 

1888. . 

143,713 

185.485,783 

19.524.959 

.  105 

1908 . . 

213,220 

407.799.039 

49,404.763 

.121 

1889.  . 

150,381 

204,192,489 

21,639.613 

.  105 

1909. . 

217,115 

413.546,194 

49.606.440 

.119 

1890. . 

154,779 

215,715,680 

23.395.232 

.108 

1910. . 

220,730 

426,923,109 

49,302.217 

.115 

1891.. 

1.59,518 

228,719,900 

25.183.714 

.110 

1911.  . 

223,900 

449.054.863 

50,910,261 

.113 

1892.. 

162,576 

239,731.609 

27.126,529 

.113 

1912.. 

226,071 

458.648.624 

50.703,323 

.110 

1893.. 

166,952 

252,750.574 

28,910.195 

.114 

1913. . 

228,618 

471.559.089 

51,466,030 

.109 

1894. . 

169.768 

264.717,595 

30.358.190 

.114 

1914. . 

231,398 

481.443.001 

55,480,560 

.115 

1895.. 

171,212 

267,117,737 

31.206,342 

.116 

1915.. 

233,618 

498.878.805 

58,133,311 

.116 

1896.. 

172,794 

268,806,324 

32.405.797 

.120 

1916. . 

234,175 

502,937,359 

61,244,668 

.129 

1897.. 

173,475 

273,190,.366 

33.870,521 

,124 

1917.  . 

261,500 

571,611,960 

58,866,198 

.102 

1898.. 

174,777 

281, .586,612 

34.703.847 

.123 

Number  of  railway  mail  service  employes — (1879)  2,609;  (1880)  2.946;  (1890)  5.836;  (1900)  8.695' 
(1910)  10,795;  (1915)  19,599;  (1916)  19,318;  (1917)  18,976.  The  cost  of  the  service,  aside  from  sums  paid 
railroads,  and  Including  salaries  of  mail  employes,  was  $28,804,947  in  1916,  and  $29,234,597  in  1917. 

Cost  of  transporting  domestic  mailB,  including  railway  and  rural  delivery  services — (1876)  $17,791,362. 
(1880)  $20,857,802;  (1890)  S34-,116.243;  (1900)  854.135.930:  (1910)  881.709.433;  (1917)  $111,522,255.  Cost 
of  transporting  foreign  mail,  including  railway  and  rural  delivery  service,  was  83.155,433  in  917. 


FAST  ATLANTIC  OCEAN  PASSAGES. 

New  Yort  Packet  Ships,  S8tf6:  Liverpool  to  New  Yorls — Yorkshire.  March  4  to  March  25,  21d.; 
Asliburtou,  Sept.  22  to  Oct.  16,  24d.:  Queen  of  the  West,  March  7  to  April  1,  25d,;  Oxford,  Aug.  2  to  Aug. 
29,  27d.;  Rochester,  Aug.  U  to  Sept.  7,  27d.;  Yorkshire,  Nov.  2  to  Dec.  1,  29d.;  Queen  of  the  West,  Nov. 
7  to  Dec.  5.  28d. 

Steamships:  New  York  to  Queenstown — Sept.  15-20.  1909.  Mauretania,  of  the  Cunard  Line,  4d., 
13h.,  41m.;  Queenstown  to  New  York,  Sept.  11-15,  1910,  Mauretania,  4d.,  lOh..  41m,;  New  York  to 
Southampton,  Nov.  23-29,  1897,  Kaiser  AVilhelm  der  Grosse,  North  German  Lloyd  Line,  5d.,  17h.,  8m.: 
New  York  to  Havre,  Aug.  22-28,  France,  of  the  Compaguie  Generale  de  Transatlautlque.  5d.,  17h.:  New 
York  to  Cherbourg,  Jan.  4-10,  1900,  Kaiser  Wilhelm  der  Grosse,  5d.,  16h.;  Cherbourg  to  New  York,  Aug. 
19-26,  1908,  Kronprinz  Cecaie,  North  German  Lloyd  Line,  5d.,  llh,,  9m.;  New  York  to  Plymouth,  Sept, 
14-20,  1909.  Kronprinz  Gecilie,  5d„  7h.,  25m.;  New  York  to  Naples,  Jan,  20-28,  1904,  Deutschland,  Hamburg- 
American  Line,  7d,,  16h,,  44m. 

Old  Ocean  Steamships:  Between  New  York  and  Queenstown,  east  or  west^ — 1856,  Persia,  9d.,  Ih., 
45m.:  1866,  Scotia,  8d.,  2h.,  48m.;  1869,  City  of  Bru,s.sels,  7d„  22h.,  3m,;  1873,  Baltic,  7d.,  20h„  9m.:  1876. 
City  of  Berlin,  7d.,  15h.,  48m.;  1876,  Germanic,  7d„  llh.,  37m,;  1877,  Britannic,  7d.,  lOh..  53m.:  1880, 
Arizona.  7d.,  7h.,  23m.;  1882,  Alaska,  6d.,  18h.,  37m.;  1884,  Oregon,  6d.,  llh.,  9m.:  1884.  America,  6d., 
lOh.;  1887,  Umbria,  Od.,  41i,,  42m.;  1888,  Etruria,  6d„  Ih.,  55m.;  1891,  Majestic,  5d,,  18h.,  8m.;  1891, 
Teutonic,  5d.,  16h.,  31m,;  1892,  City  of  Paris,  5d.,  14h.,  24m.;  1893,  Campania,  5d.,  12h.,  7m.;  1894,  Lucania, 
5d„  7h..  23m. 

T,he  fastest  day's  run  was  made  by  the  Mauretania  of  the  Cunard  Line.  January,  1911 — 676  knots, 
or  27.04  knots  per  hour. 

United  States  battleship  speed  record  made  by  the  Wyoming,  July  19,  1912.  On  the  twenty-first 
standardization  run  she  made  a  speed  of  22,045  knots.  Tiie  torpedo  boat  destroyer  McDougal  broke  all 
mile  speed  records  for  her  type  in  standardization  trials  oif  Rockland,  Me.,  in  May,  1914.  She  ploughed 
the  water  at  the  rate  of  32,07  knots  an  hour  on  her  fastest  mile.  The  average  of  her  five  full  speed  run? 
was  31,516  knots,  1905  record — Allan  Line's  turbine  Steamer  Virginian  passed  Cape  Race  June  13.  11 
A.  M.,  inward  bound,  having  left  MoviUe  on  the  afternoon  of  June  9,  thus  crossing  in  less  than  four  days 
On  March  19,  1914,  tlie  freighter  Santa  Cruz  (oil  burner)  steamed  into  San  Francisco  from  New  York  vU 
the  Straits  of  Magellan,     The  dlst.ance  Is  approximately  13,000  miles  and  the  time  consumed  was  47d,,  4h. 


Great  Eastern. 

Length 092  ft. 

Breadth 80  ft. 

Displacement 27.000  tons. 

PMldle.  Screw  and  Sail:    Speed 13  to  14  knots. 


Vaterland. 

Length 950  ft, 

Breadth 100  ff 

DisDlacement. ,     , ; 65.000  tons. 

Qu-icliiiple Screws  24  knots, 


233     Ancient  Arabic  Order  of  the  Nobles  of  the  Mystic  Shrine. 


UNITED    STATES    PENSION    STATISTICS      1874-1918. 


YlOAR 

(Fiscal) 


1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1870. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 

-  nriT 

1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1890. 


luA-alids 
on  Roll. 


121,628 
122,989 
124,239 
128,723 
131,649 
138,615 
145,410 
164,110 
182,633 
206,042 
225,470 
247,146 
270.346 
306,298 
343.701 
373.699 
415.654 
536.821 
703.242 
759.706 
754,382 
751,456 
748.514 


Wid.,otc. 
ou  Roll 


114,013 

111.8.32 

107.898 

103.381 

92,349 

104,140 

105.392 

104,720 

103.004 

97,016 

97.286 

97.979 

95.437 

99,709 

108.856 

116.026 

122,290 

139.339 

172,820 

206,306 

215,162 

219.068 

222.164 


Total  on 
Pen.  Roi 


236.241 
234,821 
232,137 
232,104 
223,998 
242,755 
250,802 
208,830 
285,697 
303.658 
322,750 
34.5,123 
365,783 
406,007 
452.557 
489,725 
637,944 
676,160 
876,068 
966.012 
969.544 
970.524 
970,678 


Total  J31sl>lirs..i  YtAR 

for  J'eiisioii.s.   (Fiscal) 


.•530,200, 
29,270, 
27,930, 
28.182, 
26.786,' 
33,064, 
.■16,689 

r,n,o83: 

54,31.1, 

00,427, 

.J7,912, 

65,171,' 

64,091 

73,7.52, 

78,950 

88,842, 

106,093 

117,312, 

139,394 

156,906, 

139,986, 

139,812 

138,220 


778.99 
404.70 
209..53 
821,72 
,009.44 
428.92 
9.08 
405. 35 
172.05 
573.81 
387.47 
937.12 
142.90 
997.08 
501.07 
720.58 
850.39 
690..50 
147.11 
037.94 
726.17 
294.30 
704.40 


1837. 
189S . 
1899. 
ISOf). 

190 ; . 

I'.'Oi 

1903. 

l'.K)+. 

I'.ior, . 

I'lOO. 
1 907 . 
19US. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1910. 
1917. 
19  IS. 


luvalid.s 
ou  Roll. 


747,492 
758,511 
754.104 
752,510 
748,649 
739.443 
729,356 
720,921 
717,761 
701,483 
679,937 
658,071 
632,657 
602,180 
570,050 
538.000 
503.633 
470,331 
437.448 
403,120 
369,936 
340.313 


Wid.,ctc 
oa  .Roll. 


Total  ou 
Pen.  Roll 


228,522 
J?35.203 
237.415 
241.019 
249,086 
260,003 
267,189 
273,841 
280.680 
284.488 
237,434 
293,616 
313.637 
318,903 
322,048 
322,294 
316,567 
314,908 
310,699 
306,452 
303.175 
306,582 


976,014 

993,714 

991,519 

993.529 

997,735 

999,446 

996,545 

994,762 

998,441 

985,971 

967,371 

951,087 

940,194 

921,083 

892,098 

860.294 

820.272 

78.5.239 

748,147 

709,572 

673,111 

646,895 


Total    DLsbur.s, 
for  I'cusioiis. 


'$1,3!). 9^9,717.35 
144,051,879.80 
138,355,052.9': 
138,402,130^5 
138,531,483.84 
137,504,207.99 
137.7,-,0,6S3.71 
141,0!):i,571.49 
141,142,801.33 
139,000,288.25 
138,1.55,412.40 
153,093,086.27 
161,973,703.77 
159,974,036.08 
157,325,100.35 
152,080,433.72 
174,171,000.80 
172,417,540.26 
165,518,260.14 
159,155,089.92 
160,895,053  94 
179.835.329.00 


In  the  column  "widows,  etc'  for  1918  are  inclndetl  4,S06  dependents,  2.5S6  minor.s.  932  lu'ljile.s.s  chil- 
dren and  163  nurses. 

OTHER  1918  PENSION  DATA. 
•    Paid  to  pensioners  in  foreign  countries:     (1917)  S929.708.  (1918)  $983,687;  Civil  War  soldiers  ou  tlic 
roll.  (1917)  329.226.  (1918)  298.808;  CiWl  War  widows  on  tHe  roU.  (1917)  284.216.  (1918)  288,815. 

Number  of  deaths:  CivU  War  soldiers,  (1917)  33,232,  (1918)  30,456;  widows,  minor  children  and  de- 
pendents, (1917)  20,130,  (1918)  18,412. 

The  largest  numbei-  of  Civil  War  soldiers  ou  the  roll  was  In  1898,  745,822;  the  largest  number  of 
Civil  War  widows  on  the  roll  was  in  1912,  304,373;  War  of  1812  widows  survivlii?  June  30,  1918,  99. 

War  with  Mexico,  Jiuie  30,  1918:    Survivors,  289;  widows.  3.064. 

War  with  Spain:  Tot«.l  number  of  orisiunl  cUiims  allowed  by  Pension  Bureati.  39.694;  number  on  rolls. 
.June  30.  1918.  27.513. 

Reimbursements:  Amount  allowed,  expensos  of  last  sickness  and  burial,  (1917)  §226,982.50,  (191S) 
S.237  113  35. 

Medal  of  Honor  Roll  (act  of  April  27,  1916):    Total  number  on  roll.  357. 

The  amounts  paid  for  pensions  to  soldiers,  sailors  and  marines,  their  wldov/s,  minor  children  and 
dependent  relatives  on  account  of  militAry  and  naval  service  in  the  several  wars  aiid  in  the  regular  service 
since  the  foundation  of  the  Government  to  .Tune  30,  1917,  are  as  follows: 

War  of  the  Revolution  (estimated),  870,000,000.00;  War  of  1812  (service  peojiou),  .540.010,445.70; 
Indian  w.ors  (service  pension),  $14,204,290.51;  War  with  Mexico  (service  pension),  .S5l, 264,284. 01;  Civil 
War,  $4,917,245,599.49;  War  with  Spain  and  Philippine  insurrection,  $57,628,347.49:  RL'sjular  est.abllshment, 
S42,764,359.73;  unclassifled,  Sn5..')08,447.41;  total,  §5,215,528,780.94. 

UNITED    STATES    RECLAiMATION    SERVICE. 

--  (By  the  Official  StaSi.) 

Arthui"  P.  Davis,  Director  and  Chief  Euglneer;  Will  R.  King,  Chief  Ct'unsel.  Main  office:  Eighth  ami 
E  Streets,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C.  Employes:  Washington  office,  100;  West,  G,.500  (varies).  Expendi- 
tures per  year  about  58,000,000. 

The  Reclamation  Service,  organized  in  .July,  1902,  under  the  Reclamation  Act  of  June  17.  1902,  is 
engaged  la  the  investigation,  coustructiou,  and  opcratiou  of  thirty  irrisation  projects  aggregating  3.000,000 
acres  located  in  the  seventeen  arid  and  semi-arid  States  of  the  Far  West,  iucluding  Ariz.,  Cal.,  Co!.,  Idaho. 
Kan.,  Mont.,  Neb.,  Nov.,  N.  M.,  N.  DaU.,  Okla..  Ore..  S.  Dak.,  Utah,  Wash.,  Wyo.,  .and  Tex.  ITie  funds 
for  this  work  come  largely  from  the  sale  of  pubUc  lauds;  and  the  money  <;xpended  is  retm'ned  to  the  fund 
by  easy  payments  of  settlers,  usually  in  twenty  annua!  in.stalmcnts  wituotit  interest  in  accordance  witU  the 
Reclamation  Extension  Act  of  August  13.  1914.  A  Western  executive  offic«  Is  maintained  at  Denver.  The 
Chief  Counsel  has  an  office  in  Washington  and  hold  offices  in  Denver  and  otiier  joints.  The  Supervisor  of 
Irrigation  has  his  office  at  Biiiings,  Mont.  The  Service  has  buiit  on  the  tlurty  projects  over  11,000  miles  of 
canals,  ditches  and  drains,  Including  80,000  canal  structures  and  involving  the  excavation  of  150,000,000  cubic 
yai'ds  of  materials.  In  connection  with  this  work  there  have  been  con.structed  100  storage  and  diversion 
dams,  Including  the  Arrowrock  Dam,  349  feet  high,  the  highest  in  the  world,  the  Elephant  Butte  T^am'  on 
the  Rio  Grande  forming  the  lai-gest  irrigation  reservoir  in  tlie  United  States,  of  2,600,000  acre-feet  capacity, 
and  the  longest  roller  crest  dam  in  the  world,  located  on  the  Grand  River  in  Colorado.  The  Service  has 
built  94  tunnels,  900  miles  of  road.  83  miles  of  ralh'oad,  2,800  miles  of  telephone  line,  a  dozen  power  plants 
and  450  miles  of  transmission  lines;  and  is  also  mining  coal  and  has  mamjfaotured  1,500,000  barrels  cf  cement 
and  sand-cement.    The  total  expenditm-es  to  date  are  about  §125,000,000. 

Over  100,000  persons  are  living  on  the  25,000  farms  irrigated  by  the  Sprvice,  and  the  value  o?  the  crops 
in  1917  on  the  1,100,000  acres  cropped  w.is  about  850,000,000.  About  3,000,0'.)0  acres  of  laud  (60,0iJ0  farms) 
will  be  irrigated  on  the  completion  of  these  projects  and  the  annual  v.alue  of  tiie  crops  will  be  approximately 
S100,000,000.  Information  in  regard  to  farms  open  to  settlement  may  be  obtained  by  addressing  Statistician, 
U.  S.  Reclamation  Service,  Washington,  D.  C  Tliere  are  many  farms  of  from  40  to  SO  acres  ou  tliese  public 
lands  open  to  settlement,  the  cost  of  which,  including  perpetual  water  right,  ranges  from  830  to  SOO  per  acre, 
and  a  farmer  has  twenty  years  to  make  the  payments  without  interest. 

The  largest  irrigbale  area  is  that  of  the  Boise  project,  in  Idaho.  277.3o()  .icrcs;  gross  cost  of  coiistruetioB, 
812,487,390.  The  next  is  the  North  Platte,  in  Nebraska-Wyoming,  229.S91  acres;  gross  cost,  .$.^,069,893. 
During  construction,  the  irrigative  projects  have  i)roduced  30,534,184,  rcdu^;ing  the  ixH  cost  of  construction 
to  $115,104,177.  

ANCIENT  ARABIC   ORDER  OF  THE   NOBLES  OF  THE   MYSTIC  SHRfNE. 

Imperial  Potentate — Elias  J.  Jacoby,  Indianapolis.  Deputy  PotetUate — W.  Freeland  KendricK,  Phito/- 
flelphia.  Chief  liabhan — Ellis  I^.  Garrotson,  Tacoina,  Wash.  Assi^toTU  Rabban — Ernest  A.  Cutts,  Savannalv. 
High  Priest  and  Piopkct — .ranic-s  S.  McCandiess,  Honolulu,  H.  X.     7'rcos?(r(.T— Wiilin in  S.  Brown,  Pirteburglt. 


Society  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  Confnieratf  Siw 


UNITED   STATES    STEAMBOAT    INSPECTION    SERVICE. 

(By  George  Uhler,  Supervising  Inspector  General  of  that  Bureau  of  Unitetl  States  Department  Commeire.) 
THE  Steamboat  InspecUon  Service  by  act  of  Congress  approved  February  H,  1903,  was  transJeiTed 
from  the  Treasury  Department  to  the  Department  of  Commerce.  The  transfer  went  into  effect  July  1,  1903. 
The  Supervising  Inspector  General  of  the  Steamboat  Inspection  Service,  George  Uhler,  reported  to  the 
Secretary  of  Commerce  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  J>ine  30,  1916:  Number  of  annual  certificates  of  inspection 
issued  to  domestic  steam,  motor  vessels  and  barges,  0,788;  number  of  certtflcates  issued  to  foreign  steamers, 
227;  total  number  of  annual  certificates  of  inspectiou  issued  to  domestic  and  foreign,  7,015.  Increase  in 
number  of  certificates  to  domestic  vessels  from  previous  year,  12;  increase  in  number  of  certificates  to  for- 
eign ^■essels  from  previous  year,  19;  increase  in  number  of  certificates  of  aU  kinds  of  vessels  from  previous 
year,  .'il.  Gross  tonnage  of  domestic  vessels,  all  kinds  inspected,  6,846,356;  increase  over  previous  rear, 
886,0-lf;.  Gross  tonnage  of  foreign  steamers  ititjpcrtod,  1,618,340;  increase  from  previous  year,  o29",061. 
Number  of  officers'  licen.ses  issued,  32,058.  Increase  in  number  of  officers'  licenses  issued  from  previous 
year,  5,494.  Numbci-  of  new  hfe  preservers  inspected,  319,259,  of  which  number  5,474  were  rejected.  In- 
crease in  number  of  new  life  preservers  inspected  over  previous  year,  116,676.  Incred.se  in  number  of  life 
preseI•^  ers  rejecte<I  over  previous  year.  4,115.  Number  of  marine  boiler  plates  inspected  at  the  mills  by 
assistoni  Inspectors,  0.005. 


C.^u.si^.s. 

Lives 
Lo.st. 

CM'iiilii. 

Lives 
Lost. 

Fire 

99 

55 

3 

37 

152 

.Accidental  drowiiii\g 

9'> 

Collisiou 

Suicides 

28 

Explosions  aud  esca)in  of  sieaui 

20 

WreclvS 

Tolal    .  .  .^                

Fouude:-ed  in  storm 

Sinkinu^ 

.500 

Number  of  accidents  rcsultiii::  in  loss  of  life,  217,  j  'lorroase  of  40  over  previous  year.  Decrease  in 
number  of  lives  lo.st  over  previous  year,  92.  Dvu'iug  iho  year  335,141,118  passejigers  were  carried  on  steam 
vessels  Miat  are  required  by  law  to  report,  the  number  of  passengers  carried.  Dividing  this  number  by  77, 
the  tot.il  number  of  passenge^'.s  lost  shows  that  4,352,46'^  passengers  were  carried  for  each  p.is.senger  lost. 
Number  of  lives  directly  .saved  by  moans  of  life-saving  appliances  roquired  by  law,  1,356. 


LIFEBOAT    REQUIREMENTS. 

{Hy  ihc  Steamlioa;.  Inspeciiou  Servii^e  of  the  Departuieut  of  Commerce.) 
E\ory  inspected  steam  vessel  and  motor  vessel  navigating  the  ocean.  Great  Lakes,  lakes,  bays,  or 
sound?,  except  feiTy-boats,  are  required  to  l)e  provided  v.ith  sufllcient  lifeboat  and  liferaft  capacity  to  carry 
every  person  on  board,  except  that  in  the  case  of  .sleainers  navigating  coastwise,  the  Great  Lakes,  lakes, 
bays  and  sounds  the  required  capacity  is  redticed  on  steamers  navigating  shallow  waters  near  land  and  in 
the  warm  season  of  the  year.  Ferry-boats,  barges,  and  steam  vessels  navigating  rivers  are  required  to  be 
provided  with  such  boats  and  rafts  as  in  the  judgment  of  tlie  inspectors  maj-  l)e  nccessarj',  a  minimum  life- 
boat capacity  being  required  for  these  classes  of  vessels. 

LIFE-PRKSF-RVER  REQUIREMENTS. 

Evoi-y  inspected  vessel,  except  ferry-boats  navigating  rivers,  is  requiretl  to  be  provided  with  a  life  pre- 
server (or  float  on  ri^'cr  steamers)  for  adults  for  every  pefsoii  carried,  and  on  every  vessel  navigating  the  ocean. 
Great  Lakes,  lakes  olher  thim  the  Great  Lakes,  bays,  or  sounds,  in  addition  thereto,  a  number  of  life  pre- 
servers .suitable  for  nliildren  equal  to  at  least  10  per  crnt.  of  the  total  number  of  per.sons  carried.  Ferry- 
boats navigating  rivers  only  are  required  to  he  pro^'ided  with  life  preservers  or  wooden  floats  according  to 
deck  measurement. 

NUMBER  OF  VE.SSELS  INSPECTED. 

During  the  year  ended  .June  30.  1917,  the  Steamboat  Inspection  Service  inspected  .5,630  domestic  steam 
vesiels,  065  motor  vessels  of  over  15  gross  tons,  21  passenger  barges,  and  500  sea-going  barges,  or  a  total  of 
6,770  flomestle  vessels  inspected:  .also  in.specteil  20S  foreign  passenger  steam  vessels. 


SOUTHERN    COMMERCIAL    CONGRESS. 

Ilonorary  President — Duncan  U.  Fletcliev,  Jacksonville,  Fia.  President— Kobt.  W.  Bingham.  Louisville, 
Ky.  First  Vice-Preaident — Thomas  S.  Southgate,  Norfolk,  Vii.  Second  Vice-President — Lelnnd  Hume, 
Nashville,  Tenn.  Managing  Director — Clarence  .1.  Oweas,  "Wasliiiigton,  D.  C.  Treasurer — William  H. 
Saundovs,  Washington,  D.  C.  Directors — Charles  H.  Hondei-sou,  Montgomery.  Ala.;  Albert  P.  Bush, 
Mobile,  Ala.;  Wm.  G.  Hutton,  Little  Rock,  ArU.;  C.  R.  Breckenridge,  Fort  Smith,  Ark.;  D.  U.  Fletcher, 
Jacksonville,  Fla.;  Pen'y  Wall,  Tampa,  Fla.;  Harvie  Jordan,  IMoutioello,  Ga.;  Bennett  H.  Young,  Louisville, 
Ky.;  Robert  W.  Bingham,  Louisville,  K.^'.;  John  M.  Parker,  New  Orleans,  La;  Oscar  Dowllng,  Shreveport, 
La.:  C.  J.  Owens,  Rlverdale,  Md.;  Walter  Clark-  Clarkdale,  Miss.;  Alex.  Y.  Scott,  Rosedale,  Miss;  .  John 
G.  Lon.sdale,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Ben  Altheimer,  .St.  Louis,  Mo.;  .\lbert  E.  Tate,  High  Point,  N.  C;  E.  L. 
Daughtrldge,  Rocky  Mount,  N.  C;  H.  .S.  Slielor,  Muskogee,  Okla.;  F.  W.  Wagner,  Charleston,  S.  C.; 
Leland  Hume,  Nashville,  Tenn.;  T.  R.  Preston,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.;  J.  S.  Williams,  Paris,  Tex.;  Geo.  W. 
LtttleHeld.  Austin,  Tex.;  Tlios.  S.  Southgate.  Norfolk,  Va.;  S.  T.  Morgan,  Richmond.  Va.;  G.  A.  Northcott, 
Huntington,  W.  Va.;  Louis  Benuet,  Weotou,  W.  Va.;  W.  H.  Saunders,  Washington,  D.  C.  Baitimore 
Commitiee — James  H,  Preston.  Honorary  Chairman:  .S.  Da\ies  VVarfleld,  General  Chairman;  Clarence  J. 
Owens.  General  Secretary.  National  Co-operating  ConimUlce — Oscar  S.  Straus,  General  Chairman.  The 
headquarters  of  the  Congress  is  at  the  Southern  Building,  Fifteenth  and  H  .Streets,  Wa.shington.  D.  C. 
Tlie  purpose  of  the  organization  is  to  promote  and  develop  the  interests  of  Alabama,  Arkansas,  Florida, 
Georgia,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  M;iryland,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  North  Carolina,  Oklalioma,  South  Carolina. 
Tennessee.  Texas,  Virginia,  and  West  Virginia. 


SOCIETY  OF  THE  ARMY  AND  NAVY  OK  THE  CONFEDERATE  STATES. 

Pm\dent — I^ieut.  McHenry  Howard.  Vice-President — Lieut.  Joseph  Packard.  Secretary — Capt. 
Williaiu  L.  Rltter,  Reisterstown,  Md.  Trea.mre.r — Capt.  F.  M.  Colston.  There  are  twelve  Vice-Presidents 
and  an  Llxecutive  Committee  of  seven  members.  The  Society  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  Confederate 
States  >a  the  State  of  Maryland  was  organized  in  1871  "to  collect  and  preserve  the  material  for  a  truthful 
Ul8tor.\  of  the  late  war  between  the  Confedeitite  States  and  the  United  States  of  America;  to  honor  the 
memocy  of  our  comrades  who  have  fallen;  to  cherish  the  ties  of  friendship  among  those  who  survive,  and 
to  fulfil  ttie clutios  of  sacrod  charity  toward  those  wlio  may  stand  in  need  of  them."     The  meinberr5liip  is  720. 


234       Internal  Revenue  Receipts,  Fiscal 


Year 


WJS,  by  States. 


INTERNAL    REVENUE    RECEIPTS,    FISCAL    YEAR    1918.    BY    STATES. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Alaska 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia : 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana.^ 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Philippine  Islands 


Income  and  excess 

profits  tax. 

1918. 


Total . . . 


S18: 

6 
5, 

76 

23 

62 

27 

8 

4! 

16 

8 

2 

275 

29 

14, 

25 

20 

21 

12 

40 

166 

71 

58 

4 

60 

3, 

11, 

6, 

71. 

1, 

689, 

20, 

1 

241 

18 

10 

495 

16 

7, 

2, 
14, 
30, 

2, 

3. 
21 
19 
45 
39, 

2, 


210,692.70 
241,300.29 
179,671.74 
731,398.42 
,641,553.03 
,190,502.59 
,190,711.73 
410,733.36 
822,573.23 
,63"  ,716.09 
230,449.09 
961,868.47 
067,089.07 
,579,056.40 
054,944.64 
,973,578.82 
,943,912.36 
,940,948.81 
,807,341.85 
,016,085.50 
,003,951.94 
598,752.86 
,061,308.12 
218,134.48 
,964,263.52 
,012,953.42 
325,820.00 
335,082.21 
609.229 .99 
,318,838.42 
,811,484.8« 
,802,649.79 
,265,600.01 
,251,704.10 
,828,857.21 
,037,457.59 
,261,448.25 
,070,079.40 
,889,801.05 
,385,548.57 
,884,094.31 
478,972.94 
173,009.88 
313,161.81 
504,650.26 
589,674.62 
,486,152.38 
334,083.84 
,548,830.46 
192,571.30 
085,289.67 


Miscellaneous 
taxes. 
1918. 


S92 1,025.63 

137,992.11 

545,685.44 

.581,212.60 

33,174,03.5.50 

1,814,162.83 

12,157,203.04 

.5,,532 ,649.91 

3,969,388.42 

3,227,822.72 

2.785,250.96 

724,972.47 

249,837.73 

86,875,01)1 .43 

28,525,431.49 

2,487,265  33 

3,267,864.15 

77,817,555.03 

13,359,076.04 

1,221,270.81 

21,403,314.77 

25,215,545.13 

32,617,451.07 

12,487,900.64 

373,071.16 

28,547,003.57 

3,665,488.12 

2,540.733.36 

283,444.40 

1,447,200.64 

31,465,400.33 

723,390.03 

150,112,467.29 

49,424,631.32 

250,075.10 

59,789,130.55 

1,271,673.39 

1,403,012.03 

93,174,767.25 

4,088,000.50 

567,690.74 

3.59,145.91 

3,825,720.62 

9,701,171.49 

1,067,568.12 

412,167.45 

14,517,056.88 

1,631,346.15 

2,463,534.73 

19,625,131.32 

1.005,167.90 

785,450.92 


Totol. 
1918. 


■■«;19,131.718.33 

379,292.40 

6,725,357.18 

8,312,611.02 

109,815,588.53 

25,004,605.42 

74,347,914.77 

32,943,383.27 

12,791,961.65 

7,867,538.81 

19,015,700.05 

9,686,849.94 

2.316.526.80 

302,454,117.83 

.')7,580,376.13 

17,460,844.15 

29,211,776.51 

98,764,503.84 

.'<5,166,417.89 

13,237,356.31 

61.407.266.71 

191.814.297.99 

103,678,759.19 

70,706,095.12 

5,337,334.68 

88,559.956.99 

6,991,308.12 

13,876.815.57 

892.674.39 

7,760,099.06 

103,276,891.21 

2,526,045.82 

839.378,067.30 

69,676,335.42 

2,078,932.31 

300,826,588.14 

19,533,121.64 

11,473.091.49 

589,064.568.30 

20.473,549.07 

S.451,785.05 

2,838.118.85 

17,998.730.50 

40,014,333.30 

3,572,218.38 

4.001,842.07 

36,003,209.26 

20,965,429.99 

48,012,365.19 

58,817,702.62 

3,690,457.57 

785,450.92 


Income  and  excess 

profits  tax. 

1917. 


82,839,083,585.53       .5855,619,748.52    83,694,703,334.05       8359,685.147.50 


$1,088,292.21 

36,647.54 

838,324.67 

485.724.31 

10,054,779.76 

2,849,673.85 

0,923,550.48 

6,457,419.64 

1,765,444.79 

633,534.96 

1,830,609.28 

1,273,099.28 

394,191.55 

26,099,489.67 

3,494,.S95.10 

1,807,544.54 

2,918,028.92 

1.645.757.18 

2.082,663.23 

1.193,125.25 

3.349,290.74 

20,280.504.13 

10,193,6.53.93 

6,432,896.09 

444.286.08 

7.112..586.89 

1,075,347.46 

1.148,320.91 

90,848.59 

520,.502.45 

10,872,-191.94 

382,895.01 

128,002.735.21 

1,793,798.04 

292,931.41 

20,939,491.90 

0,660,278.50 

820,015.94 

42,098  £07.54 

3,199,y07.17 

579,990.45 

231,412.48 

1,380,775.14 

5,392,933.02 

1,330,020.99 

554,426.40 

2.458.032.70 

2,042,989.56 

1,921.047.00 

3,896,349.75 

251,056.19 


.  RECEIPTS  BY  OBJECTS  OF  TAXATION.   1918. 

(The  1917  figures  are  in  parentheses.) 

Spirits.  8317,533,087  ($192,111,319);  fermented  liquors,  5126,285,857  (891,897,194)  tobacco,  $1.56,- 
188,660  (8102,570,998);  oleomargarine,  52,336,907  (Sl.995,720);  capital  stock  of  corpora, tions,  $24,996,204 
($10,471,689);  brokers,  8333,396  ($460,251);  amusement  places,  $865,360  (Sl,073i535);  bowling  alleys,  bil- 
liards. Sl,086,308  ($1,331,763);  adulterated  butter  and  mixed  flour.  $66,129  (S103.110);  Alaska  railroad  in- 
come tax.  $28,044  (532,257);  opium,  $185,359  ($277,165);  comoromises,  81,091,812  (512,815,080);  syrupa 
and  extracts,  §724,232;  unfermented  juices,  $412,094;  mineral  waters,  $85,377;  carbonic  acid  gas,  S993.478; 
Ux  on  freight,  $30,002,163;  tax  on  express.  $6,458,995;  tax  on  passengers,  524,306,350;  tax  on  seats,  berths 
and  state  rooms.  $2,236,700;  oil  by  pipe  lines,  $1,433,324;  telegraph  and  telephone  and  radio  messages, 
$6,299,017;  tax  on  insurance,  56,492,025,  tax  on  admissions  to  amusement  nlaces,  $20,357,360;  tax  on  club 
dues,  $2,259,056;  automobiles  and  motor  cycles,  523,981,268;  pianos,  jewelry,  films,  perfumes,  medicines, 
chewing  gum,  cameras,  yachts,  etc.,  $12,995,732;  tax  on  stock  speculations  In  futures,  .$2,355,925;  tax  on 
bonds  and  on  capital  stock  issues  and  sales,  512,921,485;  tax  on  ordinary  stock  sales  or  transfers,  52,261.088; 
playing  cards,  $1,276,544  (5820.897);  estates.  Inheritance  tax,  547,452,880  ($6,076,575):  munition  manufac- 
turers, $13,296,927  (527,663,940). 

'  The  miscellaneous  taxes  tor  1918  Include  certain  receipts  from  taxes  on  Philippine  and  Porto  Rico 
products  and  from  income  tax  assessed  on  railroads  in  Alaska,  which  are  required  to  be  paid  Into  the  treas- 
uries of  the  Philippine  Islands,  Porto  Rico,  and  tlie  Territory  of  Alaska,  respectively.  These  revenues  and 
the  laws  providing  for  their  collection  and  disposition  are  as  follows:  Philippine  Islands  (act  of  August  5, 
1909),  5803.899.88;  Porto  Rico  (act  of  March  2,  1917),  51,045,919.06;  Territory  of  Alaska  (act  of  July  18, 
1914),  $28,044.23-:  total,  51,877,863.23.  The  total  collection  from  excess  profits  tax  in  the  fiscal  year  1917 
amounted  to  $37,176.37,  which  was  on  account  of  advance  payments  of  the  tax  under  the  act  of  March  3, 
1917.  Miscellaneous  taxes  collected  in  Alaska  in  1918  Include  828,044  on  railroads:  in  New  York,  include 
$1,045,919  from  sale  ol  stamps  on  Porto  Rico  products.  The  Philippine  1918  total  does  not  include  $18,449 
reported  by  various  collectors  from  sale  of  stamps  on  Philippine  products. 

The  total  1918  internal  revenue  receipts  from  the  New  York  State  districts  were:  First  (Brooklyn), 
$63,026,908  (Including  $349,039  in  stamps  on  Porto  Kico  products);  Second  (Wall  Street  and  Lower  Man- 
hattan), $458,156,333  (including  5696,879  in  stamps  on  Porto  Rico  products);  Third  (Uptown  Manhattan), 
$170,002,874;  Fourteenth  fAlbany),  545,266,754;  Twenty-first  (Syrawise),  $31,911,085;  Twenty-cigbta 
(Buffalo),  $71,014,105. 


Internal  Revemie  Receipts,  Fiscal  Year  1918,  by  S''Me8 — 'CoiU. 


INTERNAL  REVENUE  RECEIPTS,   1908  TO  1918. 


Years 

Spirits.' 

Tobacco. 

F'meated 
Liquors. 

Income 
Tax. 

Fiscal 

Years. 

19U..  .  . 

1913 

1916...  . 
1917..  .  . 
1918..  .  . 

Spirits. 

Tobacco. 

Kmented 
Liquors. 

Income 
Tax. 

1908.. 
1909.... 
1910...  . 
1911 .... 
1912..  .  . 

$140,158,307 
134,868,031 
148,029,311 
155,279,858 
156,391,487 
163,879,34: 

?49,862,754 
51,887,178 
58,118,457 
67,005,950 
70,.590,l.51 
76,789,424 

$59,807,617 
37,456,411 

60,572.238 
B4,367,7?7 
G{.26S.77() 
GS,.'u6.9:Si» 

.1. 

$139,098,177 
144,619,699 
1.58,682,439 
103,111,319 
317,533,687 

$79,986,639 

79,957,373 

88,063,947 

102,576,998 

156,188,660 

$67,031,512 
79,328,946 
83,771,103 
91,897,194 

126,283,857 

$71,381,274 
80,190,694 

124,937,252 
.  339,68.5,147 
2,839,083,585 

1913...  . 

Tlie  internal  revenue  tax  on  Porto  Rico  products  wtis  Sl,045,919  in  1918,  as  against  8761,218  in  1917. 
auci  corcred  distilled  .spirits  (S350.O!l0),  cigars  nurt  cigarc>ttes.  Of  the  taxes  on  Philippine  products,  about 
.•5793,000  was  on  cigars. 

It  is  estimated  b.v  Internal  Revenue  Cominissiouer  Daniel  C.  Roper  that  of  the  collections  in  1918, 
■S383,099.024.04  were  from  taxes  uader  laws  enacted  prior  to  October  3,  1917,  and  §471,620,724.48  additional 
revenue  from  taxes  imposed  by  the  War  Itevcniie  .\Qt  of  October  3,  1917.  The  latter  revenue,  according  to 
classiflcations  enumerated  in  the  War  Revemie  Act,  are  distriljuted  as  follows  among  ordinary  objects  of 
taxation:  Distilled  spiiits  (inchuling  §113,727,536  floor  tax),  §198,240,730;  rectified  spirits,  83,912,381; 
fermented  liQUors,  830,450,688;  still  ^^'lnes,  $3,928,358;  grape  brandy,  §190,029;  unfermeuted  and  soft  drinks 
and  s.vrups,  §2,215,181;  total  beverages,  S258,837,366;  tobacco,  cigars,  etc.,  549,107,345. 

WITHDRAWALS  TAX   ON   LIQUORS  AND   TOBACCO   PRODUCTS   DURING   THE   LAST   SIX 

I'TSCAL  YEARS. 


I'l-'  vIj  Ye.^r. 

Distilled 
Spirits. 

Fermented 
Liquors. 

Cigars. 

Cigarettes. 

Tobacco, 

Chewing  and 

Smoliing. 

SuutT. 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

Taxable 
r;  alibis. 
143,220,056 
139,138,501 
124,155,178 
136,226,528 
104,665,246 
92,593,396 

Barrels. 

65,245,541 

66,105,445 

59,746,701 

58,564,508 

00,729.50!) 

50,184,594 

Number. 
8,732,815,703 
8,707,625,230 
8,030,385,603 
8,337,720,.5.30 
9.210,901,113 
8,731,919,141 

Number. 
11,294,895,471 
16,427,086,016 
16.756,179.973 
21,087,757,078 
30,529,193,538 
36,959,334,804 

Pounds. 

404,362,020 

412,505,213 

402,474,245 

417,235,928 

445,763,206 

417,647,509 

P/)V!IClj. 

33,209,48S 
32,766,741 
29,839,074 
33,170,680 
35,377,751 
35,036,581 

T.naU 

799,998,905 

360,576,301 

51,757,367.320 

136,054,446,880 

2,499,988,721 

199,400.275 

PRODUCTION  OF  DISTILLED  SPIRITS,  1917. 
(In  tax,  gallons,  1916  production  figures  in  parenthesis.) 

Otiiiornia  and  Nevada,  17,851,482  (11,845,251);  Connecticut,  132,054  (127,215);  Rliode  Island,  224 
(237);  Hawaii,  14,015  (13,672);  Illinois,  79,320,617  (66,808,865);  Indiana,  43,361,275  (51,108,395);  Kentucky, 
36,441777  (33,254,130);  Louisiana  and  Mississippi,  26,545,832  (23,291,661);  Maryland,  Pennsylvania, 
24,965,:i20  (3,327,842);  District  of  Columbia,  008,812  (1,664,389);  Massachusetts,  12,611,238  (11,609,189): 
Michigan,  819,907  (2, -575,375);  Missouri,  289,660  (194,172);  Montana,  Idaho  and  Utah,  244,772  (52,386): 
Nebra^ska,  2,938,594  (2,476,219);  New  Jersey,  54,493  (56,158);  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  314  (296);  New 
York,  13,856,053  (13,802,024);  Oliio,  10,114,572  (12,448,348);  Pennsylvania,  12,190,763  (14,408,130);  South 
Carolina,  1,159,308  (1,179,890);  Texas,  13,904;  Virginia,  122,957  (547,560);  Wisconsin,  2,527,244  (2,428,480). 
Total,  286,085,463  (253.283,273). 

Wyoming  produced  259  gallons  in  1917.  Tlie  total  for  United  States  includes  8, .521,097  gallons  of  fruit 
brandy. 

Note — Since  Se\)tember  10,  1917,  distillation  of  spirits  for  beverage  purposes  has  been  prohibited, 
ana  no  grain  has  been  lawfully  used  since  then  in  making  beverage  spirits. 

The  amount  of  wliiskey  held  in  bond  in  Government  warehouses  on  September  1,  1918,  was  between 
iOO.OOO.OOO  gallons  and  120,000,000  galloas.  There  was  also  estimated  to  be  in  the  hands  of  dealers,  tax 
paid,  approximately  30,000,000  gallons  at  that  time. 

Groin  used  In  making  distilled  spirits  In  United  States  in  1917:  Corn,  33,973,268  bushels:  rye,  2,375,439 
bushels:  malt,  4,239,677  bushels;  wheat,  2,533  bushels;  barley,  148  bushels:  oats,  6,730  bushels;  other  ma- 
terials, 72,172  bushels;  molasses,  112,497,633  gallons;  dilute  saccharine  liquid,  78,462,969  gallons. 

The  estimated  average  jield  per  bushel  of  grain  used  for  the  production  of  spirits,  was  4.62+  gallons 
of  spirits.  The  estimated  average  yield  per  gallon  of  commercial  molasses  used  for  the  production  of  spirits 
was  0.757+  of  a  gallon.  The  average  yield  per  gallon  of  commercial  molasses  used  for  the  production  of 
film  WAS  0.788+  of  a  gallon.  Tlie  average  yield  per  gallon  of  dilute  liquid  containing  small  quantities  of 
sacchaiiae  matter  used  for  the  production  of  spirits  was  0.39+  of  a  gallon. 

GALLONS  OF  SPIRITS  RECTIFIED,  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30.  1917. 
(The  figures  represent  g.allons.) 
California,  3  695,795.1;  Connecticut,  1,674,194.8;  Delaware,  814,939.7;  District  of  Columbia,  324,032.2; 
Florida,  1,234,790.8;  H,awaii,  52,875.3:  Illinois,  14,317,210;  Indiana,  1,565,614.7;  Iowa,  27,494.8;  Ken- 
tucky, 7,815.805.2;  Louisiana,  1,177,697.9;  Maryland,  4.328,479.7;  Massachusetts,  6,038,171.6;  Michigan, 
947,280.2:  Minnesota,  2,559,089.2;  Missouri,  4,074,795.2;  Montana,  36,270.4;  Nebraska,  365,111.5;  New 
Hampshire,  107,732.7;  New  Jersey,  3,209,265:  New  Mexico,  21,882.4;  New  York.  24,398,085.9:  Ohio,  14,- 
009,547.(>:  Pennsylvania,  16,357,.592.4;J  Rhode  Island,  451,163.6;  Tennessee,  1,356,014.9;  Texas,  451,218.6: 
Utah,  113,198.3;  Virginia,  482,349.5;  Wisconsin,  2,585,297.8;  Wyoming,  3,204.7;  total,  114,596,201.7. 

EXPORTS  OF  AMERICAN  LIQUORS,  1918. 

(1917  figures  in  parenthesis.) 

Alcohol  (wood),  2,538,001  gallons  (823,694);  grain  alcohol,  8,351,142  (51,941,634);  proof  gallons;  rum. 

461,571  (l,394,796j  proof  gallons;  whiskey  (Bourbon),  65,955  (59,611)  proof  gallons;  whiskey  (rye),  90,386 

(139,6ir.)  proof  gallons;  whiskey  (all  other  kinds),  110,646  (515,113)  proof  gallons;  wines,  2,765,395  (2,245,- 

013>  g;illons:  malt  liquors,  $1,731,159  ($1,442,025);  other  beverages,  .$508,112  ($386,894). 

IMPORTS  OF  FOREIGN  LIQUORS,  1918. 
(1917  figures  In  parenthesis.) 
■     Glu,  112,649  (263,520)  proof  gallons;  whiskey,  796,267   (1,676,151)  proof  gallons:  brandy,  234,912 
(420,507)  prdof  gallons;  cordials,  76,120  (357,211)  proof  gallons:  malt  liquors,  7,62,066  (2,240,177)  galloM; 
vfiw?  (champagnes),  124,230  (195,714)  dozen  quarts;  wines  (still),  S4.447,076  (»5,043,W0). 


236 


So}is  of   Tcmj)erance. 


IXTERNAL  KEVEXUE  KECEIPTS,  FISCAL.  YEAR  1918,  BY  STA1  iiii—Continuca. 


PRODUCTION  OF  BEER  IN  UNITED  STATICS. 
The  estimated  beer  production  iu  the  United  States  in  the  calendar  year  1918  was  50,184,594  barrels, 
as  against  60,817,379  barrels  in  1917,  and  58,633,624  In  1916.  The  brew,  in  barrels,  by  chief  States,  in  1917, 
wa.s  as  follows:  California.  1,542,876:  Illinois,  6,223  097;  Indl.ana,  1,548,615;  Kentucky.  673,272;  Louisiana 
and  Mississippi.  514,361;  IMaryla.Kl,  1,104,121;  Massachusetts,  2,518.887:  MIcWgan,  2,338, .521;  Minnesota, 
1,539,321;  Misssouri,  3.434,174;  MonCina.  319,313;  Nebraska,  302.354;  New  Hampshire,  268,564;  New 
Jersey,  3,402,420;  New  York,  13.198,400;  Ohio,  5,458,868;  J'eiiii-ylvaiiia.  3.17i.457;  Rhode  Island,  fiy,o.558: 
Texas.  755,582:  Wisconsin,  4.91'J,0l4. 

TOBACCO  STATISTICS,   YJ5AR  ENDED  JUNE  30,   1918. 

Production  in  United  States  (estimated  by  Govcnimcnt) :  1,228,081,000  -louQ'Js,  as  asiuinst  l,196.-i.M  ,000 
pounds  in  1917,  and  1,1.03,278,000  poaud'^  in  1916. 

Exports  of  domestic  tobacco:  288,781,511  pounds,  as  asainst  400,4;U,021  pouods  in  1917,  .an.-i  436,- 
468,512  pounds  iu  1916. 

Imports  of  raw  tobacco:  74,852,219  pounds,  as  against  42,194,411  pounds  in  1917,  and  42.9'i3,027 
pounds  in  1916.    Imports  do  not  include  4, 515. 344  pounds  of  wrappers  in  1918  and  3.941, !i;)G  pounds  i.^    1917 

Production,  1918,  by  States  (pouml.^):  Connecticut,  35,588,000;  [l!ino:.s,  591,000;  Indiana.  15,). -.2,000; 
Kentucky,  361,171,000;  Maryland,  21,622,000;  M.issachusett.s,  14,623.000;  Missouri,  2.768,000;  Nev.  Y'ork, 
3,775,000;  North  Carolina,  237,475,000;  Ohio,  110,352,000;  Pennsylvania,  65.604,000;  South  Carolina. 
00  411,000;  Tcmiessee,  56,911,000;  Virginia,  151,781,000;  West  Virginia,  11.560,900;  Wl.sconsln,  70.317.000; 
all  otlier  States,  8,290,000. 

The  1917  tobacco  crop  w.as  valued  at.  8297,442,000  at  the  plantalious. 

In  1918  over  40,000,000.009  cigarettes  were  made  in  the  United  States,  (a  1917  ti:o  number  was  34,- 
832,385,676,  in  which  year  also  9,050,960.224  cigars  and  34,873,626  potmds  of  anilS  were  ntade  In  the  ("iiited 
States. 


u. 

S.    CUSTOMS    REVENUES 

AMD    (PiTERNAIL 

HSVEWUE    RECEIPTS. 

YE.\R 

(Fiscal)  . 

Customs. 

Internal     I 
Revcnuf". 

(      i'KAit 

(FISCAL)  . 

C'nstouiri. 

liitpriial 
ili'vcnuc. 

(i'lHCAL). 

Cuijl;/tu3. 

Internal 
Revenue. 

JioUars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

DolUtrx. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

)S0O..., 

9,080,933 

809,397 

1875 

157,167,722 

110.007,404 

1807 

170,554,127 

146,688,574 

1810 

8,583,309 

7,431 

1870 

148.071,985 

116,700,732 

1898.... 

149.575.062 

170,900,641 

1820.... 

15,005,612 

106,261 

1877 

130,956,403 

118,030,408 

1890 

206,128,482 

273,437,162 

1830.... 

21,922,391 

12,161 

1S78 

130,170,680 

11 0,-581,625 

1900 

233,164,871 

295..'?27,927 

1840.... 

13.499,.502 

1.682 

1879 

137,250,048 

113, 5()), 611 

1901 

238,.585,456 

307,180,604 

1860... . 

39,668.686 

1880 

186.522,065 

124.009.374 

19U2 

254,444,708 

271.880,122 

1855. ... 

53,025,794 

1881 

198.159,676 

135,264,.386 

lOOo.... 

284.479,582 

230..'^!0,124 

1860 

53,187,512 

I,q82 

220,410,730 

146,497,595 

1904 

261,274,565 

232,904,119 

1861 

39.582,126 

1883 

214,706,497 

144,720.369 

1905.... 

261,798,857 

231 ,09.i,-741 

1862 

49,056,398 

1884 

195,067,490 

121,586,073 

1906 

390,251,878 

249.1:>0,213 

1863 

69,059,642 

37,640,788 

1SS5 

181,471,939 

112,498,726 

1907 

332,233,:i63 

269.ii(i6,773 

1864.... 

102,316,153 

109,741,134 

18S6 

192,905,023 

116,805,936 

190 -i 

280,113,130 

251.7)1,127 

1865 

84,928,261 

209,464,215 

1887 

217,286,893 

118,823,391 

l!'09 

.300,711,934 

246.;-' 12,644 

1860. . . . 

179,046,652 

.309,226,813 

1888 

219,091.174 

124,296,872 

1910 

333.683.445 

289.933.519 

1867.... 

176,417,811 

266,027,537 

1889 

223,832,742 

130.881,514 

1911 

314,497,071 

322,529,201 

J868... . 

164,464,600 

191,087,589 

1890 

229,66S„585 

142.606,706 

1912 

311,321,672 

321.612,200 

1869.... 

180,048,427 

158,356,401 

1891 

219,522,205 

145.686,249 

1913.... 

318,891,396 

344,.,'!  0,906 

1870.. .. 

194,538,374 

184,899,756 

1892 

177,4,=>2,964 

153,971,073 

1914 

292.320,015 

.380.041,007 

1871.... 

206,270,408 

143,098,154 

1893 

203,3,55,017 

161,027,624 

1915.... 

209,786,672 

415,669,646 

1872.... 

216.370,287 

130,042,178 

1894 

131,818.531 

147.111,233 

1916 

213,185,846 

512,702,029 

1873.... 

188,089,523 

113,729,314 

1895 

152,158.617 

143,421,672 

1917 

225,962,393 

809.306,208 

1874.... 

163,103,8.34 

102,409,785 

1896 

160.021,752  140,762.8651 

1918 

179,998,383 

3,694,703,334 

Somces  of  customs  revenue:  From  malt  litjuors  (1917)  5686,000;  (1918)  S0,000,000.  From  wine 
(1917)  .?4,758,000;  (1918)  .SO.OOO.OOO.  From  spirits  (1917)  .S7,9.16,O00;  (191«)  $00,000,000.  From  toljscco 
(1917)  $29,837,000;  (1918)  800,000,000. 


PRODUCTJON    OF    OENATURSD    ALCOHOL. 


Y'EAK 

Completely    Specially 

Year 

Completely 

Spoiiialiy 

Ybab 

Completely 

Sp((,laIIy 

(Flscal)  . 

Denatured. 

Denatured. 

(Fiscal)  . 

Denatiircd. 

DcQatm'cd. 

(F»:;al)  . 

Denatured. 

Denatured. 

Wine  Gals. 

Wine  Oals. 

Wine  Oals. 

Wtnc  Galis. 

Wine  Gals. 

Wine  Golf. . 

1907 

1,397,861 

382,415 

1911 

3,374,019 

3,507,109 

1915 

5.386,646 

8..VJ9,821 

1908 

1,812,122 

1.509,329 

1912 

4,161,208 

3,9.33,246 

1916 

7.871,952 

38,807,153 

1909 

2,370,839 

2,185,579 

1913 

5,223.240 

4,608,417 

1917 

10,.508,819 

4.5,170,678 

J910 

3,076,924 

3.002,102 

1914 

5,213,129 

5,191,846 

1918 



AMERICAN    PUBLIC    HEALTH    ASSCCIATSON. 

(Headquarters,  126  Massachnsetts  Avenue,  Boston.) 
President — Charles  J.  Hastings,  M.  D.,  Toronto,  Ont.     V ice-PresiderU — George  M.  Kober,   M.   D., 
Waslilngton,  D.  C.     Sci^iclary — A.  W.  Hcdrich.  126  Ivlassaebu.-ii'tts  Avenyc,  Hosfcou.     Treasurer — l.nc-  K. 
FranUel,  Ph.  D.,  New  Y'ork  City.  

fJATIONAL    SOCIETY    OF    CRAFTSMEN, 

Headauarters,  119  Ea.st  Nineteenth  Street,  New  Y'ork  City.  Founded,  1905.  Number  of  iiieiiiber!)^ 
300.  Pm-pose,  to  promote  the  creation  and  sale  of  nrodticts  of  the  arts  and  crafts.  President — Joiiu  11. 
Bacon.    Secretary — Robert  Dull:.    Annual  meeting,  last  week  in  April. 


SONS    OF    TEKIPERA^SCE. 

Headquarters.  Philadelphia.  Founded,  September  29,  1842.  in  New  Y'ork  City.  Membership,  17,000, 
In  the  United  States  and  C^anada.  Most  Worthy  Patriarch — Emll  L.  G.  Hobenthat,  South  Manchester, 
Conn.  Most  Worthy  Scribe — Ross  Slack,  4539  North  Twentletli  Street,  PluUvJeli-Sxia.  Next  .-umual  meetJng, 
.luce  18,  1919.  .It  PhlLadelphla. 


Production  of  Alcoholic  Beverages  in  the  U.  S.— 1896-1917.  237 

WHAT    AMERICANS    DRINK. 

I.SouRCE— The  production  oJ  domestic  wines  has  been  estimated  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
by  J.  W.  Schopp  of  Bonfortis  Wine  and  Spirit  Circular  (Inc.),  New  York,  and  others.  The  production 
of  domestic  spirituous  and  malt  liquors  has  been  derived  from  the  reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal 
Revenue.  The  table  does  not  include  for  any  year  withdrawals  of  distilled  spirits  for  scientific  purposes 
and  for  use  of  the  United  States,  or  since  1906  withdrawals  for  denaturation,  free  of  tax.  For  1916  these 
amounts  were  2,745,790  and  84,532,253  tax  gallons,  respectively;] 


Year  (Fiscal). 

Domestic 

Fruit 
Braudy. 

Domestic 

All  Native 

Liquors. 

Foreign 
Spirits. 

Domestic 
Wines. 

Foreign 
Wines. 

Domestic 
Beer,  Etc. 

Foreign 
Beer,  Etc. 

Proof  Gah. 

Proof  Gals. 

Proof  GaU. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

Gallons. 

1850 

46,768,083 
83,904,258 

5,065,390 
6,064,393 

221,249 
1,860,008 

6,095,122 
8,944,679 

36,361,708 
100,225,879 

201,301 

1860 

1,120,790 

1870 

1,223,830 

77,266,368 

1,405,510 

3,059,518 

9,165,549 

203,743,401 

1,012,755 

1871-80 

1,438.179 

58,950,489 

1,643,416 

13,781,774 

7,077,921 

308,197,473 

1,469,185 

1881-90 

1,323.579 

73,521,253 

1,. 530,376 

22,484,024 

5,034,849 

645,092,353 

2,088.012 

1891-95 

1,480,259 

88,960,330 

1,348,097 

21,558,200 

4,788,008 

1,014,933,842 

3,073,846 

1896 

1,440,810 

67,743,431 

1,541,504 

14,599,757 

4,101,648 

1.110,165.435 

3.300.531 

1897 

1.146,131 

69,653.106 

2,230,711 

33,940,319 

4,331,159 

1.066,637,660 

3,002.568 

1898 

1,411,448 

79.266,860 

915,985 

17,453,684 

3,114,339 

1.162  042,763 

2.457.348 

1899. 

1,306,218 

84,739,631 

1,387,693 

22,835.587 

3,524,912 

1,133,683,481 

2,797,427 

1900 

1,386.361 

94.265,035 

1,705,468 

26,242,492 

3,745,975 

1,219.070,196 

3,316,908 

1901 

1,509,271 

100,004,878 

1,941,189 

24,008,380 

4,388,140 

1,256,464,062 

3,596,382 

1902 , , 

1,403,204 

104,140,707 

2,182,230 

44,743,815 

5,020,105 

1,378,661.954 

3,707,222 

1903 

1,515.072 

113,715,776 

2,439,106 

32,634.293 

5.604,525 

1,446,103,812 

4,204,538 

1904 

1,637.331 

116,794,496 

2,655,560 

37,538,799 

5,772.418 

1.494,541,140 

4,837,075 

1905 

1,595,021 

116,544,802 

2,729,826 

29,369,408 

5,690,309 

1,533,326,442 

5,201.168 

1906 

1.781,643 

122,961,612 

3,108,328 

39,847,044 

6,638,179 

1,694,458,014 

5.963.20'' 

1907 

1,993,688 

134,308,093 

3,782,055 

60,079,283 

7,659,565 

1,815,141,683 

7,171.842 

1908 

1,670,031 

119,951,185 

3,768,098 

44,421,269 

7,700,377 

1,821,418,322 

7,314,126 

1909 

1,850,700 

114,913,702 

4,365,634 

63,609,995 

8,169,554 

1,745,623,769 

7,110,657 

1910 

2,204,184 

126.593,951 

4,340.649 

50,084,343 

9,863,735 

1,844,065,029 

7,301,629 

1911 

2.434,045 

132,315,123 

3,836,821 

56.655,006 

7,204,226 

1,959,671,290 

7,240,458 

1912 

2,449,331 

133,502,079 

3,544,921 

50.619,880 

5,804,831 

1,925,361,507 

7,169,677 

1913 

2,801,767 

140,521,880 

4,121.981 

48,683,849 

6,643,612 

2,022,678,149 

7,669,223 

1914 

2,704,752 

136,521,805 

4,220,670 

44,973,643 

7,444,787 

2,049,236,412 

7,170,696 

1915 

2.516.054 

121,690,596 

2,952,448 

27,255,690 

5,656,219 

1.852,136,960 

3,387,324 

1916 

2.984,743 

133,267,803 

3.721,138 

42,229,206 

5,357,939 

1,815,694,727 

2,580,315 

1917 

3.668,669 

161,012,068 

3,059,588 

37,640,495 

5,082,881 

1,881,964,835 

2,300,542 

Consumption  per  capita  in  gallons:  Distilled  .spirits  (1860)  2.24;  (1900)  1.28:  (1917)  1.60.  Wines, 
(1850)  0.27;  (1900)  0.39:  (1017)  0.41.  Malt  liquors  (1850)  1.58;  (1900)  16.09;  (1917)  17.94.  Total  for 
all  kinds  (1850)  4.08;  (1900)   17.76;   (1917)  19.95.  \ 

According  to  Section  3.249,  United  .States  Revised  Statutes,  "proof  spirits  shall  be  held  to  be  that 
alcoholic  liquor  whlcli  contains  one-half  its  volume  of  alcohol  of  a  specific  gravity  of  0.7939  at  60°  Fahren- 
heit." The  official  gallon  prescribed  is  one  containing  231  cubic  inches,  or  58.372.2  grains,  equal  to  8.3389 
pounds  of  distilled  water  at  its  maximum  density,  weighed  in  air  of  temperature  of  62°  Fahrenlielt  and 
barometric  pressure  of  30  inches.  Tlie  taxable  gallon  differs  from  tlie  proof  gallon  by  reason  of  the  fact 
that  In  computing  taxable  gallons  <inder  Section  3,251,  Rcvi-sed  Statutes,  all  fractional  parts  of  a  gallon 
less  thnu  one-tenth  arc  pxctudcd. 


PRODUCTIOW    OF    ALCOHOLIC    BEVERAGES    IN    THE    U.    S.-1 896-1 91 8. 


Year  (Fiscal)  . 


1396 .... 
1897 . . . . 
1898 .... 
1899 . . . . 
1900.... 
1901.... 
1902.... 
1903.... 
1904.... 
1905.... 
1906.... 
1907.... 
1908 .... 


1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 

1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


BoiU- 
boii 

Whis- 
key. 


Ta.x. 

Gallons 

16,935,862 

6,11J,72C 

13,43;i.'159 

I7,256,:;:!i 

19,411,629 
26,20n,804 
20,33(1,250 
26,068,.55.5 
20,247,089 
26,742,108 
24,968,<i43 
33,090,791 
14,120,484 


Rye 
Whis- 
key, 


Tax. 
Gallons . 
19,153,066 
4,269,220 
8,818,240 
10,792,565 
14,296,568 
18,263,709 
21,587,221 
22,407,053 
18,371,345 
20,410,422 
21,469,720 
23,550,196 
13.587,868 


.Alcohol. 


Tax. 
Gallons. 
9,960,301 
9,503,353 
11,672,795 
11,974,354 
10,735,771 
10,775,117 
11,483,305 
12,0.34,127 
11,486,082 
11,610,799 
11,173,614 
16,123,379 
16,849,154 


Rum. 


Tax. 
Gallons. 

1,490,228 
1,294,157 
1,340,517 
1,494,379 
1,614,514 
1,724,582 
2,202,047 
2,247,907 
1,801,179 
1,791,987 
1,730,102 
2,022,407 
1,895,922 


Gin. 


Tax. 
Gallons . 
1,098,376 
1,159,314 
1,267,579 
1,266,823 
1,597,081 
1,636,299 
1,752,281 
1,913,404 
2,110,216 
2,187,709 
2,323,289 
2,947,688 
2,756,753 


High 
Wines. 


Tax. 
Gallons. 
198,299 
206,739 
174,124 
420,833 
249,743 
454,627 
341,222 
286,433 
309,990 
192,067 
179,313 
124,935 
50,062 


Pure, 
Neutral, 

or 
Cologne 
Spirits. 


Tax. 
Gallons . 
25,564,738 
16,877.306 
20,613,205 
25,876,229 
24,173,671 
30,228,804 
37,429,734 
54,629,400 
57,997,506 
60,944,811 
59,626,733 
60,802,852 
50,935,821 


Miscel- 
laneous . 


Tax. 
Gallons. 
22,187,833 
23,041,833 
23,436,264 
27,983,051 
33,405,523 
33,227,657 
33,491,342 
22,198,323 
21,988,545 
23,930,831 
24,194,411 
29,911,665 
26,793,676 


^\Tiiskey. 


Tax.  Gals. 
70.152,175 
82,4o3,894 

100,647,155 
98,209,574 
99,615,828 
88,698,797 
44,552,490 
59,240,672 
57,651,834 


Rum. 


7'ax.  Gals. 
1,952,374 
2,253,950 
2,631,059 
2,832,616 
2,750,846 
3,026,085 
^844,313 
2,986,940 
2,842,922 


Gin. 


Tax.  Gals. 
2,483,743 
2,983.435 
3,34j.,S71 
3,577,862 
4,014,001 
4.012,542 
3,636,285 
4.U8.064 
5,75ij,6o7 


High 
Wines. 


Tax.  Gals. 

221,277 

206,534 

165,018 

131,002 

90,294 

26,484 

33.854 

59.246 

167, 2u7 


Alcohol. 


Tax.  Gals. 

42,563,103 
50,703,846 
24,408,462 
27,629,346 
30,320,894 
31,715,199 
38,325.049 
121.799.942 
145,535,791 


Commerc'l 
Alcohol. 


Tax.  Gals. 
16,078,083 
17.623,867 
44,205,330 
45,869,685 
48,660,920 
47,132,535 
42,742.101 
60,919.058 
65,379,'>jij 


Fruit 
Brandy 


Tax. 
Gallons 
3,403,852 
1,813,427 
2,906,198 
3,097,769 
3,760,48^ 
4,047,602 
4,220,400 
6,430,673 
5,193,262 
4,448,584 
4,444,072 
6,138,305 
6,899,823 


6,448,858 
7,656,434 
7,953,132 
9,321,82r 
8,252,875 
7,307,897 
8,521,951 
'4,159.3.51 
S, 231,09? 


Beer  & 
Other 
Fer- 
mented 
Liquors. 


Tihls.  of 
3i  Gals. 
34,462,822 

37',53'9,'3'39 
36,697,634 
39,471,593 
40,614,258 
44,550.127 
46,720.179 
48,265,168 
49,522,029 
54,724,553 
58,622,002 
58,814,033 


56,364,360 
59,544,775 
63,283,123 
62,176,694 
65,324,876 
66,189,»73 
59,808,210 
58,6.33,624 
60,317,o79 


238 


Garden  Planting  Map  for  Eastern  United  States. 


GARDEN      PLANTING      MAP      FOR      EASTERN      UNITED      STATES. 

(By  the  Uniicd  States  Department  of  Agriculture.) 


TJie  dates  given  for  planting  iu  the  sevcu  zouca  into  nhicU  tlic  e;i-'(Lru  part  of  tlie  UniieU  Statofi  has 
been  divided  are  considered  to  be  tlie  best  lor  planting.  Earlier  and  later  plautingH  often  ca,n  be  made, 
iiowcvcr,  with  fair  cliances  of  success. 

PI.ANTING  DATES  BY  VEGETABLE  GROUPS. 


ZONE. 

Group  1. 

Group  2. 

Group  3. 

Grouji  4. 

A 

Jan.  1  to  Feb.  1 
Feb.  1  to  Feb.  15 
Feb.  15  to  Mar.  1 
Mar.  1  to  Mar.  15 
Mar.  15  to  Apr.  15 

Feb.  1  to  P'eb.  15 
Feb.  15  to  Mar.  1 
Mar.  1  to  Mar.  15 
Mar.  15  to  Apr.  15 
Apr.  15  to  May  1 
May  1  to  M.ay  15 
May  15  to  June  1 

Feb.  15  to  Mar.  1 
Mar.  1  to  Mar.  15 
Mar.  15  to  Apr.  1 
Apr.  1  to  May  1 
May  1  to  May  1 5 
May  15  to  June  1 
May  15  to  June  15 

Mar.  1  to  V/ia.r.  15 

B 

Mar.  )5  to  Apr.  1 

C 

Apr   1  to  Apr.  16 

n 

May  1  to  May  16 

li    

May  15  to  June  1 

V* -. 

Apr.  15  to  May  1 
May  1  to  May  15 

May  15  to  June  16 

G* 

(t) 

*  For  tlie  crops  wrovrn.  t  Season  too  short  for  this  group.  Group  1  (may  be  planted  two  weckfi  before 
);ust  killing  frost). — Early  cabbage  plants  from  hot  bed  or  .seed  box,  radishes,  collards.  onion  sets,  early 
.smooth  peas,  kale,  early  potatoes,  turulps,  and  mu.stard.  Group  2  (may  be  planted  about  the  dat<5  of  the 
last  killing  frost) — Beets,  parsnips,  carrots,  lettuce,  salsify,  .spinach,  wrinkled  peas,  cauliflower  plants,  celery 
seed,  onion  seed,  parsley,  sweet  corn,  and  Chinese  cabbage.  Group  3  (should  be  planted  two  wecJ:G  after 
last  killing  frost — Snap  beans,  okra,  and  tomato  plants.  CJroup  4  (cannot  be  planted  until  ground  is  well 
warmed  up,  about  a  month  after  last  hard  frosts) — Lima  bciius,  pepper  plau'S,  eggplant,  cucumbers,  aielons, 
squash,  and  sweet  potatoes. 

Because  of  the  greatly  varying  altitude.'?  iu  the  Western  States  this  portion  of  the  country  (;ii,r;uot  bo 
divided  into  definite  zones.  The  best  planting  dates  can  be  indicated  only  bv  the  average  date  o!  ibe  last 
hilUng  frost  in  each  section,  as  is  done  on  the  accompanying  map.  Planting  of  the  vegetable  grocr  s  given 
below  should  be  governed  by  the  frost  dates  indicated.  Group  1  (may  be  nlautcd  two  weeks  before  iast  kill- 
ing frost) — Early  cabbage  plants  from  liot  bed  or  seed  box,  radishes,  collards,  onion  sets,  early  smooth  peas, 
kale,  early  potatoes,  turnips,  and  mustard.  Group  2  (may  be  planted  about  the  date  of  the  last  klUine 
frost) — Beets,  parsnips,  carrots,  lettuce,  salsify,  spinach,  Avrinkled  peas,  cauliflower  plants,  ccleiy  seed, 
onion  fieed,  parsley,  sweet  corn,  and  Chinese  cabbage.  Group  3  (should  bo  planted  two  weeks  after  last 
InUing  frost) — Snap  beans,  okra,  and  tomato  plants.  Group  4  (cannot  be  planted  until  f;round  is  weil  warmed 
up;  about  a  month  after  last  haj-d  fro.'^ts) — iAmz  be.'ins,  pepper  plants,  eggplant,  cucumbers,  meJom--;  fnuaah, 
.ind  sweet  potatoes. 


Baptist  Young  People*s  Union  of  America. 


239 


EARLIEST   SAFE   DATES  FOR   PLANTING   IN 

EASTERN   ZONES. 


THE      OPEN,      IN      THE 


( :jiOi*. 


Asparagus 

Beans.  Lima 

Beets 

Brussels  si)rout3. 

Cabbage 

Carrots 

Caiiliflower 

Celery 

Com,  sweet 

C'ucumberH 

Eggplant 

Garlic 

Lettuce  (head)... 

Melons 

Mustard 

Onion  sets 

Onion  seeds 

Parsley 

Parsnip 

Peas,  wrinkled.. . 

Peppers 

Potatoes,  Irish.. , 
Potatoes,  sweet.. 

Pumpkins 

Radlsli 

Rhubavl) 

Salsify 

Spinach 

Sauash 

Tomatoes 

Turnips 


Zone  A. 


Not  grown 
Mar.  1-15 
Feb.  1-15 
Feb.  1-15 
Jan.  1-Feb.  1 
Feb.  1-15 
Feb.  1-15 
Feb. 1-15 
Feb.  15-M:ir.  1 
Mar.  1-15 
Mar.  1-15 
J;m.  1-Feb.  1 
Feb.  1-15 
Mar.  1-15 
Feb. 1-15 
Jan.  1-Feb.  1 
Feb.  1-16 
Feb.  1-15 
Feb.  1-15 
Feb. 1-15 
Mar.  1-15 
Jan.  1-Feb.  1 
Mar.  1-15 
Mar.  1-15 
Jan.  1-Feb.  1 
Not  grown 
Feb.  1-15 
Feb.  1-15 
Mar.  1-15 
Mar.  1-15 
Jan.  1-Feb.  1 


Zone  B. 


Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Mar,  15-Apr.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Jan.  15-Feb.  15 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Mar.  1-15 
M.ir.  l.'j-Apr.  1 
Mar.  1.5-Apr.  1 
Feb.  1-15 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  1 
Feb.  J  5-Mar.  1 
Feb.  1-15  , 

Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Mar.  15-AH.  1 
Feb.  1-15 
Mar.  15-Apr.  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  1 
Feb.  1-15 
Not  grown 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Feb.  15-Mar.  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  1 
Feb.  1-15 


Zone  C. 


Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Feb. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Feb. 

Mar, 

Mar, 

Mar, 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Feb. 


1-15 
1-15 

1-15 

1-15 
lij-Mar.  1 

1-15 

1-15 

1-15 

15-Apr.  1 
1-15 
1-15 
15-M.ar.  1 

1-15 
1-15 

1-15 
15-Mar.  1 

1-16 

1-16 

1-15 

1-15 
1-15 

15-Mar.  1 
1-15 
1-15 
15-Mar.  1 

1-15 

1-15 

1-15 
1-15 
1-15 
15-Mar.  1 


Zone  D. 


Mar.  15-Apr.  15 
May  1-15 
Mar.  15-Apr.  15 
Mar.  15-Apr.  15 
Mar.  1-15 
Mar.  1,5-Apr.  15 
Mar,  15-Apr.  15 
Mar.  15-Apr.  15 
Apr.  1-May  1 
Apr.  15-May  15 
May  1-15 
Mar.  1-15 
Mar.  15-Apr,  15 
-Apr.  15-May  15 
Mar.  15-Apr.  1 
Mar.  1-16 
Mar.  16-Apr.  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  1 
Mar.  15-Apr,  1 
Mar,  15-Apr.  1 
Apr.  15-May  15 
Mar.  1-15 
Apr.  15-May  1 
Apr.  15-May  1 
Mar.  1-15 
Mar.  15-Apr.  16 
Mar.  15-Apr.  16 
Mar.  15-Apr.  16 
Apr.  16-May  15 
Apr.  15-May  1 
Mar.  1-15 


Zone  E. 


Apr.  15-May  1 
May  15-June  1 
Apr.  iS-May  1 
Apr.  15-May  1 
Mar,  15-Apr.  15 
Apr.  15-May  1 
Apr.  16-May  1 
Apr.  16-May  1 
May  1-16 
May  1-Jime  1 
May  15-June  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.' 15 
Apr.  1-May  1 
May  1-Jime  1 
Apr.  1-May  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  15 
Apr.  1-May  1 
Apr.  1-May  1 
Apr.  1-May  1 
Apr.  1-May  1 
May  1-June  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  15 
May  1-June  1 
May  1-June  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  15 
Apr.  15-May  1 
Apr.  15-May  1 
Apr.  15-May  1 
May  15-June  1 
May  1 — June  1 
Mar.  15-Apr.  15 


t'nai". 


Aspai'agus 

Beans,  Lima .... 

Beets 

Brussels  sprouts. 

Cabbage 

Carrots 

Cauliflower 

Celerj' 

Corn,  sweet 

Cucumbers 

Eggplant , 

Garlic , 

Lettuce  (head) . .  , 

Mel6ns , 

Mustard 

Onion  sets 


Zone  F. 


May 
May 
May 
May 
Apr. 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
Apr. 
May 
June 
May 
Apr. 


1-15 
15-Juue  15 
1-15 
1-15 

15-May  1 
1-15 
1-15 
1-15 
1-June  I 
15-June  15 
15-June  1 
15-May  1 
1-15 
1-15 
1-15 
15-May  1 


Zone  G. 


May  1-June  1 

May  liVJune  1 
May  15-June  1 
May  1-15 
May  1-June  1 
May  1-Juue  1 
May  1-June  1 
May  15-June  15 
June  1-15 

May  1-15 
May  15-June  1 

May  15-June  1 
May  1-15 


Crop. 


Onion  .seeds. . . . 

Parsley 

Parsnip 

Peas,  wriiikled. . 

Peppers 

Potatoes,  Irish.. 
Potatoe.s,  sweet. 

Pumpkins 

Radish 

Rhubarb 

Salsify 

Spinach 

Squash 

Tomatoes. 


May 
May 
May 
May 
June 
Apr. 
June 
June 
Apr. 
May 
May 
May 
June 
May 
Turnips Apr. 


Zone  F. 


1-15 

1-15 

1-15 

1-15 

1-16 

15-May  1 

1-15 

1-16 

15-May  1 

1-16 


1-15 
1-lS 


5 
1-15 
15-Jime  15 
15-May  1 


Zone  G. 


May  15-June  1 
May  16-June  1 
May  16-June  1 
May  15-Jime  1 

May  1-15 


May  1-15 
May  16-June  1 
May  15-June  1 
May  15-June  1 

June  1-15 
May  1-16 


The  dates  given  on  this  sheet  are  general  averages.  The  nearest  station  ol  the  United  States  Weather 
Bureau  \\\\\  be  glad  to  give  more  .specific  infonuiitlon  regarding  the  frost-free  date  in  any  particular  com- 
munity. 


WHEAT   HARVEST  SEASONS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

(Compiletl  .by  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade.) 


Januaj'.\' — Australia,  New  Zealand  and  Chili. 

February  and  March — -East  India,  Upper  Egypt. 

April — Lower  Egypt,  Syria,  Cyprus,  Persia,  Asia 
Minor,  India,  Mexico  and  Cuba. 

May — Algeria,  Central  Asia,  China,  Japan,  Morocco, 
Texas  and  Florida. 

Jime — Turkey,  Greece,  Italy,  Spain,  Portugal,  South 
of  France,  California,  Louisiana,  Mississippi, 
Alabama,  Georgia,  Carolinas,  Tennessee,  Virginia, 
Kentucky,  Kansas,  Arkansas,   Utah,  ISIlssouri. 

July — Roumania,  Bulgaria,  Austria-Hungary,  South 
of  Russia,  Germany,  Switzerland,  France,  South 
of  England,  Oregon,  Nebraska,  Minnesota,  Wis- 
consin, Colorado,  Washington,  Iowa,  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Michigan,  Ohio,  New  York,  New  England 
!u\d  X'pper  Canada. 


August — Belgium,  Holland,  Great  Britain,  Denmark, 
Poland,  Lower  Canada,  Columbia,  Manitoba, 
North  and  South  Dakota. 

September  and  October — Scotland,  Sweden,  Norway 
and  North  of  Russia. 

November — Peru,  South  Africa  and  Argentina. 

December — Biu-mah  and  Argentina. 

CORN  HARVEST  TIME. 
January — New  South  Wales. 
March  and  April — ^Argentina. 
September  and  October — All  European  countries. 
October — The  crop  of  the  United  States  is  harvested 
principally  in  this  month. 


BAPTIST  YOUNG  PEOPLE'S   UNION  OF  AMERICA. 

HEADguABTEKS,  125  North  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago.  President — Dr.  John  Wellington  Hoag,  Detroit. 
First  Vlce-Prestdent — W.  F.  Reynolds,  Brockville,  Ontario.  Second  Vice-President — M.  M.  McGorrlU, 
Portland.  Me.  Third-  Vtce-PresideiU — J.  S.  Newell.  St.  Louis.  Recording  Secretaru — J.  C.  Dance,  Fairmont, 
W,  Va.    OintTCd  SecreUiry — James  Asa  White.  Chicago.     Tred-iiirer — O.  O.  Montague,  f  hicago. 


240 


Garden  Planting  Map  for  Western  United  States. 


GARDEN      PLANTING      MAP      FOR      WESTERN      UNITED     STATES. 

(By  the  United  States  Dopartment  ot  Agriculture.    Bnscnl  on  iivcrage  dates  of  last  hilling  frost   In  sprtng.) 


TOBACCO  HINTS  BY  GOVERNMENT  EXPEIITS. 

With  respect  to  date  of  planting  tobacco  seed  beds,  April  1  is  about  right  for  New  Kuglauu,  wliilo  the 
normal  season  extends  through  March  and  April  in  the  Middle  States  and  in  the  Central  or  Wesf:m  States, 
while  in  the  Southern  States  seed  beds  are  planted  iu  Florida  in  January  and  early  February,  seldom  lat;er 
tlian  March  1  in  South  Carolina  and  continuing  on  through  March  in  North  Carolina.  As  regards  fertilizing 
tobacco  crops  in  New  England  as  much  as  20  tons  of  manure  per  acre  is  not  unusual,  but  commercial  fer- 
tilizers are  of  much  more  Importance  than  manure  in  this  section.  In  the  Middle  States  manure  is  frequently 
more  Important  than  commercial  fertilizer.  In  the  Southern  States  manure  is  seldom  used,  except  in  Flor- 
ida, whereas  commercial  fertilizers  are  very  important,  the  average  application  bcljig  about  800  pounds 
per  acre.  If  the  time  required  for  maturity  Is  reckoned  as  Ue^iiuiiiiig  at  the  time  of  sowing  the  seed  the  period 
for  New  England  Is  too  short,  the  actual  time  being  approximately  12  to  18  weeks.  In  the  Southern  States 
the  minimum  time  for  maturity  is  too  higli,  the  con'ect  minimum  being  approximately  12  weeks.  As  regards 
tobacco  varieties,  those  grown  in  New  England  arc  Broadleaf,  Connecticut  Havana  and  Cuban;  in  U<e  Mid- 
dle States  the  vai'L^ties  are  Seedleaf,  Mai-yland  and  Orouoco;  in  the  Sou'i'crn  ftatos.  Oronoeo  pm^'  *''vb;m. 
To  the  list  given  tor  the  Central  and  AVestern  f^f.les  should  be  added  Si'cdlor^f. 


Seed  Planting  in  the   United  States. 

SEED    PLANTING    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

{Compiled  from  reports  of  the  Department  of  Agrioulture.) 
NEW    ENGLAND. 


S41 


KIND    OP   O'lOP. 

Date  of  Plautini;. 

Best  Soil. 

Amount  of 
Manure 
per  Acre. 

Amount  oi 
Seed  pftv 
Acre  (I). 

Weeks 
to  Ma- 
turity. 

Com  

May  10  to  30 

FaUor  Spring 

Apr.  to  May 

Apr.  to  June  10 

Siiiidy  or  clay  loam . . 
Clav  loam  

8  to  12  tons  . 

8  to  12  qus 

2  b\ish 

2  to  3  bush  .... 
2  to  2>A  bush.  . 
.")  to  6  pecks.  .  . 
1  to  1  W  bush 

14-17 

Wheat 

0  to  8  tons.    . 

20 

Oats 

Strong  loam 

Strong  loam 

0  to  8  tons ,             ... 

11-15 

1.3   16 

Rye 

Apr.  to  May,  Sept. . . 

June  1  to  20 

May  to  June 

Apr.  I.*}  to  May  1.  .  .  . 

July  1  to  Aug.  3 

Apr.  15  to  May  .0 

Seed  bed  Apr 

Medium  loam 

Light  loam 

7  to  8  tons 

40 

Buckwheat 

0  to  4  tons 

10-15 

White  beans 

Potatoes 

Turnips 

Sandy  loam 

Rich  loam 

Sandy  loam 

7  to  8  tons 

15  to  20  tons 

10  Ions 

8  to  16  qts 

S  to  20  bush .  .  . 
1  lb 

8-14 

12-20 

10 

Mangels 

Strong  heavy  loam. . . 
Saufly  loam 

8  to  15  tons 

4  to  0  lbs 

17-22 

Tobacco 

8  to  12  tons 

9-12 

Hay 

MIDDLE    STATES. 

Corn 

Apr.  20  to  May  30. .  . 
Sept.  20  to  Oct.  20. . . 
Mar.  to  May 

Medium  loam 

Loam  or  clay  loam. .  . 
Moist  clav  louui  .  .  . 

8  to  12  tons  manure. 
8  tons;  300  lbs.  fer. . . 
8  tons;  300  lbs.  fer. .. 
8  tons;  300  lbs.  fer... 
S  tons;  300  lbs.  fer... 
0  to  4  tons 

e  to  8  qts 

2  bush 

2  to  2,4  bush.  . 

2  bush 

1!3  bush 

'A  to  I'A  busU. 

1  >,i  bush 

8  to  15  bush.  . . 
10  to  12  bush .  . 
4  to  8  oz 

2  to  5  lbs 

10  to  15  bush.. 
20  qts 

16-18 

Wheat 

41-43 

Oats 

13-lC 

Barley 

Mar.  to  May 

Sept.  1  to  Oct.  1 

June  to  July 

May  to  June 

Clay  loam  ; .      ... 

13-16 

Rye 

Sand  or  gravel  loam  . 
Loam 

40-43 

Buckwheat 

White  beans. . . . 

8-10 
13-14 

Mar.  to  May 

May  to  June 

Mar.  to  July 

July 

10  to  18  tons 

14-22 

Sweet  potatoes . 

Sandy  loam 

10-15 

Cabbage 

Clay  or  sandy  loam. . 



300  to  600  lbs.  fer... 

8-15 
10-12 

Mangels 

May 

Loam 

i()  toSO  tb'iis 

15-18 

Flax 

Mav 

Limestone  loa.m 

8-10 

Tobacco 

Seed  bed  M.ar 

Aug.  to  Oct 

Saudv  loam 

OomcQfircial  fer 

15-20 

Hay,  tlmothv. . . 

Clav  loam 

6  to  8  qta 

Hay,  clover ." .  .  . 

Feb.  to  Apr 

Clay  loam 

6  qts 

CENTRAL   AND    WESTERN    STATES. 


Com 

Wheat 

Oats 

Barley .. . 

Rye 

Buckwheat. . 
Wlute  beans-. 
Potatoes. . .  . 
Turnips.  .  .  . 
Mangels .... 

Flax 

Tobacco 

Hay 


Apr.  1  to  June  1. . . . 

Fall  or  Spring 

Apr.  1  to  May  1 

Fall  or  Spring  (1) . . . 

Sept.  1  to  30 

June 

May  10  to  June  10.. 
Mar.  15  to  June  1 .  . 
July  15  to  Aug.  30. . 
Apr.  1  to  May  15. .  . 
Mar.  15  to  May  15. 

Seed  bed,  Mai' 

Apr.  to  May 


Black  or  sandy  loam. 

Strong  loam 

Clay  loam 

Clay  loam 

Light  loam 

Clay  loam 

Clay  loam 

Sandy  loam 

Loam  or  muck 

Sandy  loam 

Loam 

SaTidy  loam 

Clay  luom 


;j  to  10  t<.>os. . 
0  to  8  tons.. . 
(»  to  8  tons.. . 
0  to  8  tons. . . 
0  to  8  tons.. . 
0  to  4  tons. .  . 

8  tons 

5  to  10  tons.. 
8  to  10  tons.. 
8  to  12  tons. . 
10  to  15  tons. 
S  to  10  tons.. 
10  tons 


6  (Its 

1  to  2  bush 

2  to  3  bush 

I  >2  to  2  bush .  , 
I  to  2  bush . . . . 
M  to  IH  bush. 
1 3  2  bush 

5  to  10  bush. . . 

1  to  6  lbs 

6  to  8  lbs 

2  to  3  pecks. . .  . 
Oz.  to  6  sq.  rd. . 
8  to  15  lbs 


16-20 
40-42 
12-15 
11-13 
35-40 
10-14 
12 
10-20 
10-16 
22-24 
15-20 
15-18 


- 

SOUTHERN    .STATES. 

Cotton . 

Feb.  to  May  15 

Feb.  to  June 

Sept.  to  Nov 

Feb.,  May,  Sept 

Apr.  to  May ; 

Sept.  to  Oct 

Mar.  to  May 

Oct.,  Mar.  to  May. . . 
Mar.  1  to  May  10 .  .  . 

Feb.  1  to  Apr.  10 

Jan.,  Feb.  to  Apr. . . . 

May  to  June 

Apr.  1  to  May  T 

Jan.  1  to  Feb.  10..  .  . 

Feb.,  Aug..  Apr 

Seed  bod.  Mar 

May  1  to  July  15 

Sandy  loam  (2) . 

1  to  3  bush 

8  qts 

20-30 

Corn, . 

Rich  loam 

10  bush.  cot.  seed. . . . 
8  tons 

18-20 

Wheat 

Clay  loam  (2) 

Clay  loam  (2) 

Clay  loam 

2  bush 

2yi  bush 

2H  bush 

1  'A  bush 

1  to  2  bush .... 
a  to  '4  lb,,,-. . 

43 

Oats 

8  to  10  tons 

14-17 

Barley 

8  tons 

17 

Rye.  .  ,  .V 

Clay  loam  (2) 

Light  loam 

10  tons 

43 

WTiite  beans. . . . 

8  tons 

7-8 

Light  loam 

6  to  10  tons 

"  14 

Watermelocs. . . 
Onions .... 

Rich,  liglit  loam 

Loam  or  muck .  .    . 

5  tons;  300  lbs.  fer. . . 

2  to  7  lbs 

16-20 
16-24 

Potatoes 

Light,  loose  loam. . . . 
Sandy  loam 

S  to  12  tons. 

8  to  10  bush .  .  . 
10  to  12  bush .  . 

4  to  7  lbs 

4  to  9  oz 

2  to  6  lbs 

oz.  to  6  eq.  rd. . 
2  to  5  pecks 

11-15 

Sweet  potatoes . 

12-15 

Pumpkins 

Tomatoes 

17-20 

Rich,  sandy  loam. . .  . 

14-20 

Turnips 

Ricli,  light  loam 

8-12 

Tobacco 

Sandy  loam 

8  to  15  tons 

18-20 

Cow  peas 

Sandy  loam 

200  to  300  lbs.  phos. . 

6-8 

(1)  The  standard  varietico  of  seed  planted  in  the  several  sections  of  the  United  States  are  as  follows: 
Coi'n — New  England,  learning,  san/ord,  flint;  Middle  States,  leamlug,  whlt«  dent,  yellow  dent;  Central 
and  Western  States,  leaming,  saniord,  flint,  wliite  dent;  Southern  States,  hickory  king,  gourd-seed,  Cos 
prolific.  Wheat — Middle  States,-  fultz:  Central  and  Wetsern  States,  fultz,  poole,  lite;  Southern  States, 
fulcaster.  Oats — New  England,  Clydesdale  and  Welcome;  Middle  States,  white,  black;  Central  and  West- 
ern States,  Sixty-day,  Swedish  Select  and  Silver  mine;  Southern  States,  Red  rustproof.  Barley — New  Eng- 
land and  Middle  States,  Manchuria  and  Oderbrucker;  Western  States,  coast;  Southern  States,  Tennessee 
Winter.  Rye — New  England,  white;  Middle  States,  white,  Winter;  Central  and  Western  States,  Winter; 
Southern  States,  excelsior  Winter.-  Buckwheat — Middle  States,  silver  hull;  Central  and  Western  States, 
silver  hull.  Potatoes — New  England,  green  mountain,  carmen  3,  rose;  Middle  States,  rose,  carmen  3,  rural  2: 
Central  and  Western  States,  hebron,  rural,  early  rose,  early  Ohio.  Tobacco — Central  and  Western  States, 
yellow  prior,  Spanish,  white  bm-ley.  Hay,  clover — Middle  States,  medium  red.  Sweet  Potatoes — Middle 
States,  yellow  Jersey;  Southern  States,  yellow  Jersey.  Cotton — Southern  States,  Texas  .stormproof.  Spring 
wheat  1b  to  some  extent  grown  In  Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois  and  many  other  .States..  It  matiu'es  in  eighteen  to 
twenty  week.s. 

(2)  In  Texas  the  black  loam  is  a  good  soil  for  cotton,  corn,  wheat  and  most  other  field  crops. 


2<l(*^       National  Association  of  Coiiimissioners  of  Agriculture. 


COLO     STORAGE     OF     EGGS     AND     BUTTER,    N.     Y.   AND    JERSEY    CITY. 

(By  Frank  G.  XJruer,  of  the  Urner-Barry  Co.,  New  York.) 
EGGS— CASES. 


FiBST  OF  Month. 

1916-17. 

1917-18. 

1918-19. 

FinsT  OF  Month. 

1916-17. 

1917-18. 

1918-19. 

March 

3,500 
7,700 
332,000 
781,000 
916,000 
950,000 

Noglig. 

7,000 

432.000 

885,.'500 

1 ,093.000 

1,100,000 

Neglig. 

47.586 
583,162 
870,798 
961,921 
980.924 

Seplombcr 

894,000 
752,000 
002,000 
396,000 
169,000 
30,000 

1,044,000 
9,72,000 
827,000 
580,500 
260,000 
29,000 

978,232 

Ai)ril        

October 

910,117 

May 

June     

Deei'))il)er 

JiiiA\i;ir\' 

Julv ; 

August 

]iVbni:iry 

TIME   NECESSARY   FOR   MATURITY   OF  VEGETABLES   IX   ANY   l.OCAEITY. 


Croi>. 

Maturity . 
Days. 

Crop. 

Matmity. 
Days. 

Croi'. 

Maturity. 
Days. 

Bean — Bush 

40  to    65 

60  to    80 

90  to  130 

100  to  130, 

120  to  150| 

Com,  sweet 

60  to  100 
60  to    80 
60  to    90 
40  to    =?0 
SO  to  140 

Potatoes — Sweet 

Radish 

S(|uasli — Bu.sh 

Tomato 

Tiirnip 

140  to  100 

Beet 

Cucutnt>cr 

20  to  140 

Cabhuge,  late 

Lettuce 

60  to    80 

Cauliflower 

Pea 

Potato— Irish 

80  to  125 

Celer.i- 

00  to    80 

NATIONAL    ASSOCIATION     OF    COMMISSIONERS    OF    AGRICULTURE. 


GeiienJ  Headquarters — No.  300  .Southern  BuildiU!?,  Washington,  D.  C. 
PnsUlent — Chas.  S.  Wilson,  Albany,  N.  Y.     Executive  .Sccretarii — C'larent-e  J.  Owens.  Vt  aslnnglou,  D. 

C. 

CITT   AND  St.\tk. 

Membens. 

Title. 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Tucson,  Ariz 

J.  A.  Wade 

Geo.  F.  Freeman 

J.  H.  Page 

Commi.ssioner  of  Agriculture. 

Director  University  of  .Arizona. 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 

State  Market  Director. 

Secretary  of  State. 

.Secretary  Stale  Board  of  Agriculture. 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 

Dean  Agricultural  Department,  University  of  Idaho 

Secretary  Slate  Board  of  Agriciillurc. 

President 

Secretary      "          "       "           " 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 

President  Maryland  Agricidtural  College. 
Secretary  State  Board  of  Agrlcultuip. 
President 

Dean  State  Agrictiltiiral  College. 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 
Secretary  Board  of  Agriculture. 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 
President  Universlt.v"  of  Nevada. 
Secretary  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

President  Agricultural  College,  New  Mexico. 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 

Secretary  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 
Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 
Pre.sideut  .State  Agricultural  College. 
Secretary  State  Board  of  AgricuUiiru 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 

Director  Experiment  Station. 
Commissioner  of  Agricultui'e. 

Acting      •' 

Commissioner  of  Agriculture. 

Acting  Director  IJxperimpnt  Station,  ■ 

Little  Rock,  Ark 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Denver.  Col 

Hartford.  C'onu 

Harris  Weinstock 

.Jas.  R.  Noland 

L.  H.  Hcalev 

Dover,  Del 

Wesley  Webb .... 

Tallahassee,  Fla 

W.  A.  McRae 

Atlanta,  Ga 

J.  J.  Brown 

Moscow,  Idaho 

H.  C.  Iddings 

Springfield,  111 

B.  M.  Davison 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Clem  Graves 

Des  Rloines,  Iowa 

A.  E.  Corey 

Topeka,  Kan 

Frankfort,  Ky 

J.  C.  Mohler 

Mat  S.  Cohen 

Baton  Rouse,  La 

Augusta,  Me 

College  Park,  Md 

Harry  D.  Wilson 

John  A.  Roberts 

A.  F.  Woods 

Boston,  Mass 

Wilfrid  Wheeler 

East  Lansing,  Midi 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

l-tank  M.  Kedzie 

E.  M.  Freeman .        .... 

Jackson,  Miss 

Columbia,  Mo 

P.  P.  G.arner 

Jewell  Mayes 

Helena,  Mont 

Seth  Maxwell 

Reno,  Nev 

Chas.  Norcross 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Concord,  N.  H 

W.  R.  Melloi 

A.  L.  Felker 

Trenton.  N.  J . . . .    . 

Alva  Agee 

State  College,  N.  M 

Albany.  N.  Y 

Fflbiiin  Garcia 

Chas.  S.  Wilson . . . 

Raleigh,  N   C: 

W.  A.  Graham 

J.  N.  Hagan 

N.  E.  Shaw 

Bismarck,  N.  I) 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Oklahoma  City,  Okla .... 
CorvalUs,  Ore 

F.  M.  Gault 

VV.  J.  Kerr 

Harrisburg,  Pa 

Chas.  E  Pattou 

Providence,  R.  I 

John  J.  Dunn 

Columbia,  S.  c 

Pierre,  S.  D 

Dr.  A.  C.  Summers 

Chaa.  McCalTree 

H.  K.  Bryson 

Nashville,  Teuu 

Austin,  Tex 

Fred  AV.  Davis 

Harden  Denniou 

V.  S.  Brlgham 

Logan,  Utah 

Montpelier,  \'t 

Richmond,  Va   

Geo.  W.  Koiner.    . . 

Olympia,  Wash 

E.  F.  Benson 

Charleston,  W.  Va 

J.  H.  Stewart 

Madison,  Wis 

LR«uiii'.\  AVyo 

C.  P.  Norgord 

C.  A.  Dimiway 

• 

Potato  States. 


m^ 


WINTER     WHEAT    STATES. 

(Production,  busJiels.) 


State. 

1918.- 

(.June 

forecast) 

1917. 

1916. 

STATB. 

1918. 

(June 

forecast) 

1917. 

1916. 

Kansas 

97.114,000 

35,816,000 

45,670,000 
41,140,000 

35,6.")0,non 
33,392,0"' 

97,.560,000 
20,2.50,000 
29, .585.000 
I9,!|i|.iii|il 

Illinois 

61,553,000 
49.999,000 
23,730.000 
43,049,000 

30,400,000 

27,540,000 

24,483,000 

7,164,000 

16,225,00i 
16,575,000 
26,125,000 
64,800,000 

Ohio 

Missouri 

Pennsylvania 

Xf  Itraslca 

Oklahoma. 

Iu(ilaua 

32,267,000 
50,809,000 

TOTAIj. 

Aeres. 

Bushels. 

IXlllittii. 

TOTAL. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

lTnite<l  States,  19IS 

36.393,000 
27.430,000 
".7.709,000 

555,725,000 
418,070,000 
480,5.5:1,000 

'  'Msjtri.'obi) 

781,906,000 

N.  y.  state,  1918.  . 

7,526,000 
8,385,000 
9,030,000 

Uniteii  States,  1917 
United  Ktatcs,  1916 

X.  Y  State,  1917.  . 
.V.  ^  .  Stule,  1916.  . 

43b,fl<)0 
430.000 

17,608.000 
i5,170,00(l 

rniied  States  I'.ilS  estimate  is  as  of  November  1. 


SPRING      WHEAT      STATES, 

(Prod iii't ion,  hii^aets,) 


h'l'ATE. 

1918. 

1917. 

1916. 

Statk . 

J91S. 

1917. 

1916. 

Minnesota 

North  Dakota 

South  Dakota.  ,  .  . 

84,798,000 
99,190,000 
80,617,000 

50,525,000 
56,000,000 
50,311,01)0 

26,645,000 
.39,325.000 
22,050,000 

\Vi:3liington 

Montana 

16.416.000 
17,250,000 

18,360,000 
10,098,000 

19,350.000 
16,830,000 

Total. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

TOTAL. 

Acres, 

Bushels.        DoUars, 

United  States.  1918 
United  .SI .lies.  1917 

22,489,000 
18,511.00-1 

363,195,000 
2.32,7.58,000 

'  '4'.59>'4ii,'oO0 

United  States.  1916 

17,607.000 

155,765,000      238,062,0«i 

RYE    STATES. 

(ProducUon,  busliels.) 


STATE.. 

1918. 

1917. 

1916. 

Sta™.             1      1918.      1         1917. 

1916. 

North  Dakota .... 

WlEiiOnsln 

Minnesota  . . 

27,024,000 
7,061,000 
7,765,000 

9,880,000 
7,585.000 
7. .585.001) 

4.6.55,000 
6.075,000 

5.0'5nftn 

South  Dakota .... 

Michigan 

Pennsylvania. . 

7.155.000 
4,967.000 
4  481,000 

5,600,000 
5,115,000 
i  im  (inn 

4,500,000 
4,648,000 
4,420,000 

TOTAL. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

total. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

United  States.  1918 

5,135.000 
4,102,000 
3,213,000 

70.687.000 
60,145.000 
48.862.000 

N.  Y.  State,  lOls . 

1,985,000 
2,665,000 
2,718,000 

United  States.  1917 
United  States.  1916 

lob,025,000 
59,676,000 

N.  Y.  State,  1917.. 
N.  Y.  State,  1916.  . 

135,000 
151,000 

4,720,00(1 
3,179,4)00 

The  rye  estimate  by  States,  1!)1S,  is  June  1;  U.  S.  totals  in  this  .i,nit  otbertabli-s  ai'e  of  Nov   1. 


OATS    STATES. 

(Production,  bu.shol.s.) 


Statk . 

1918, 

1917. 

1916. 

State, 

1918. 

1917. 

1916. 

Iowa 

204,631,000 
196,170,000 
129,393,000 
99,614,000 
56,763,000 
72,395,000 
66,331,000 
7.5.285,000 

246,750,000 
244,400,000 
120,250,000 
99,000,000 
115,444,000 
65,450.000 
38.625,000 
70.440.000 

186,850,000 
172,095,00u 
88,112,000 
81,409,000 
79,875,000 
56,425,000 
53,7.50.000 
62,500,000 

Oliio 

79.843,000 
50,873,000 
82,871,000 
43,083,000 
22,197,000 
53,426,000 
44,322,000 

78,100,000 
70,804,000 
56,575,000 
59,200,000 
37,050,000 
44,625,000 
41,125.000 

48,076,000 

Ullnois 

Kansas 

36,425,000 

Minnesota 

Wisconsin 

Nebraska 

Michifjan 

Ml.ssouri ,  .  . 

Texas 

42,690,00(5 
32,250,600 
42,760,00* 

South  Dakota .... 
North  Dakota.  ,  .  . 
Indiana 

New  York 

Pennsylvania 

31,356,000 
:'«,030,000 

Total. 

A'Tes. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

TOTAL. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

United  States,  1918 
United  States,  1917 
United  States,  1916 

44.475,000 
43,572,000 
41.527,000 

1,535,297,000 
1,587,286,000 
1,251,837,000 

V.()6i, '427^006 
655.928.000 

N.  Y.  State,  1918.. 
N.  Y.  State.  1917.,' 
N.  Y.  State,  1916.. 

■  '[.m.m 

1,206.000 

46.758.000 
44.625,000 
31,356,000 

■33;469,'(>6(i 
19,441,000 

New  York  Stat<!  estimate,  1918,  is  as  of  Jtme  1. 


POTATO    STATES. 

(Production,  bushels.) 


State. 

1918. 

1917. 

1916. 

STATE. 

1918. 

1917. 

1916. 

New  York 

32.646,000 
30,287,000 
31.379,000 
32,031,000 
23,034,000 
24,246,000 
15,654,000 

38,000,000 
35,910.000 
34.988,000 
33,600,000 
29,532,000 
20,250,000 
19,800,000 

22,400,000 
15,360,000 
13,630,000 
16,800,000 
19,040,000 
25,500,000 
16,250,000 

Oh'o 

11,284.000 
11,904.000 
11,574.000 
10,539,000 
8.061.000 
8.067,000 

16,000,000 
15,225,000 
13,500,000 
13,110,000 
13,495,000 
11,172.000 

6,300,006 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

California 

Illinois 

10,575,008 
7,250.001! 
4,830,0011 

Pennsylvania 

Maine 

Vh^lnia 

Nebraska 

New  Jersey 

7,665,000 
10,370,000 

total. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

Total. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

DollVB. 

United  States    ISIS 

■  '4'.39b,'oob 

3,565,000 

390.101,000 
442,636,000 
286,953.000 

■  'mfidh'.m 

419,.333.ono 

N.  Y.  State,  1918 , . 

32,646,000 
38,000,000 
22,400,000 

United  States.  1917 
United  .States.  I9I6 

N,  Y.  State,  1917.. 
N,  Y.  State,  1916 .  . 

400,000 
320.000 

4'9,400,0bj 
35,392,000 

Hons  of  the  American  Revolution — tJmpire  IState  iSociety. 


BARLEY   STATES. 

(Produotion,  bu.shels.) 


.   State.      . 

.    1918. 

1917. 

1916. 

Statu. 

1918. 

1917. 

191o.      " 

California ........ 

Minnesota 

South  Dakota .... 

33i791.00O 
43,358,000 
31.444,000 

39.150.000 
37,800,000 
26,520,000 

33,320,000 
26.125.000 
18.728.000 

North  Dakot;i. . .  . 
Wisooiisia 

37  ..538,000 
23,350,000  ' 

22,812,000 
19,200.000 

26,738.000 
19.300,000 

•  TOTAL. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

Total. 

Acres. 

BtiShelS. 

Dollars. 

United  States,  1918 

9.108,000 
F,S35,000 
7.757.000 

236,505.000 
208.975,000 
lS-.'.:i(in,000 

X.  Y.  State,  191S.  . 
N.  Y.  State,  1917.. 
X.  Y.  State.  1911).  . 

'iibiooo 

81.000 

3.fi9S.0n0 

mited  States,  1917 
United  States,  1916 

2.17,53!!. 000 
lt)l).i;id.!)l|(ll 

3,080.000 
1,887.000 

4.0O4.000 
1.906.000 

New  Y'ork  .State  191S  estimate  is  as  of  June  1. 


THE     CORN     STATES. 

(Production,  biisliels.) 


M'.KTE. 


Illinois 

rciwa. ,V, 

Missouri 

Nebraska .  . . . , 

Indiana 

OWo 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

South  Dakota . 

Minnesota 

Mississippi . . . . 


1918. 


349,448,000 
402.147,000 
I19.221.O0O 
147.470,000 
192.224.000 
135.423.000 
46.696.000 
96.C81.000 
82.758,000 
1 10.256.000 
104.206,000 
63,591.000 


1917 


418,000,000 
410,700,000 
252,000.000 
249.J80.000 
203.436.000 
150.100.000 
128.184.000 
122,850.000 
111.1.50.000 
97.1.50.000 
90.000.000 
H  (.0.50.000 


1916. 


306.800.000 
366.825.000 
132,112.000 
192.400.000 
174.658.000 
114.762.000 
69..500.O0O 
95,200,000 
81.500.000 
84.075,000 
81.420.000 
47.600.000 


Texas 

Alal):iiua 

Virginia 

Geori?ia 

Arkaiisis 

Penris.vlvania..  . 
Nortli  <  'arollna. 
Soutli  (  arolina. . 

Louisiana 

Wisconsin 

Micliiijau 

Oklahoma 


19(8. 


90.277,01)0 
70,996,000 
l)9,.5O9.(»0O 
69.080.1100 
,^5.887.000 
02.113.000 
60.630.000 
:!7.904.flflO 
35.728.000 
66.739.000 
51.150.000 
25..5.53.(IOfH 


1917 


77.825.000 
77.200.000 
72.275.000 
72,000.000 
67,200,000 
62.212,000 
60,000,000 
43,947,000 
42,246,000 
42,196,000 
37,625,000 
33,150,000 


1916. 


131.100,000 

46,688.000 
60.990.000 
62.000.000 
45.135.000 
56,650,000 
63,650.000 
32,008,000 
44,814.000 
60,840.000 
45,375.000 
53,225.000 


TOTAL. 

Acres. 

Bnshcls 

Dollars. 

Total. 

Acres. 

Bushels. 

Dollars. 

United  States.  1918 
United  States,  1917 
United  States,  1916 

113.835.000 
119.7,55.000 
(ii.i. 2*16.000 

2.749,  UlS.noO 
3.159.194,000 
2,.5f.6.927.000 

4',d5'3;672.i»'0l; 
2.280.IX)0,00[ 

X.  Y.  State.  1918.  . 
X.  Y.  Stafc.  1917. 
N.  Y.  State,  1916. 

'  '84i).'fl'no 

5(0.0(1(1 

28,778.000 
26.040,000 
16.200,001) 

5l'.559;00(» 
17.820,000 

COTTON     STATES. 

(Production.  SOO-pound  hales.) 


.  State. 

iiil8. 

1917.      . 

1916. 

State; 

luis. 

1917. 

1916.-- 

T6xas 

3.125.378 

,     1.883.911 

'     1.236.871 

973.7.52 

959.UBi 

905,554 

^         638,729 

617.989 

3.725.700 
i. 820.939 

931.8:10 
l.l:;4.(i:!3 

82:1, 52H 

t;11.79! 

1(3.182 

(i5t.i)():i 

Alabama 

Tennessee 

Missouri 

517.890 
240,525 
60.831 
57.826 
37,858 
21,737 
18,777 

633  402 

Georgia 

38''  422 

South  CarolUia. . . . 

62,699 
43,620 
41.449 

Arkansas 

( 'alifornia . 

Oklahoma 

Florida 

Arizona 

V'ir"iuia 



Mississippi 

Louisiana 

27.127 

North  Carolina . . . 

TOTAL. 

Acres. 

B;iles. 

DoliaiS. 

Total. 

Acres. 

Bales. 

Dollars. 

United  States,  1918 

37.073.000 
31.600.000 

11.818. ()00 
11.:!02.:'.75 

1 

trnited  States.  1916 

34 .985.000 

11.419,930 

9Q 1  060  000 

United  States.  1917 

i 

The  acreage  named  for  1018  was  acreage  plauted. 


TOBACCO  STATES. 

(Production,  pounds.) 


t'TATZ. 


Kentucky 

North  Carolina . . 

Virginia 

Ohio 

Tennessee 

Pennsyl\ania.. . . 
South  C  arolina. . 


1918. 


360.739.000 
240.444.000 
162.371.000 
112.363,000 
61,594.000 
66.284,000 
64.161,000 


1917 


426.600.000 
204.750.000 
129,500.000 
99.072.000 
81.810,000 
.58.100.000 
51.120.000 


1916. 


435.600.000 
176.000.00n 
129,200.000 
95.000,000 
81.760.000 
49.096.000 
20.280.000 


STATE. 


Wisconsin .... 
Connecticut .  . 
Maryland .... 
Massachusetts 

Indiana   

West  Virginia. 


1918. 


75.933.000 
39.826.000 
23,672.000 
16.499,000 
14.890.000 
11.213.000 


1917. 


45.885.000 
29.540.000 
22.594,000 
11,833,000 
U.060,000 
9.040.000 


1916. 


55,753.000 
.36.186.000 
19.635.000 
12.113.000 
13.764.000 
12.690.000 


TOTAL. 

Acres. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

TOTAL. 

Acres. 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

United  States,  1918 

'  'I'.m.m 

1.413,400 

1,266. (>86,000 
1.196.451.000 
1.1.53.278.000 

N.  Y.  State.  1918,  . 
X.  Y.  State.  1917.  . 
X.  Y.  State,  1916.  . 

2. '.500 
3.700 

3,567.000 
3.125,000 
1..551,000 

r 

United  States,  1917 
United  States,  1916 

29'7,442.no6 
169,672.000) 

las.ooo 

692.000 

SONS    OF    THE    AMERICAN     RE  VOLUTION— EMPI  RE    STATE    SOCIETY. 

Organized  February  11,  1890.  Headquarters.  220  Broadwav,  St.  Paul  Building,  New  York.  Officers: 
President— IjouIs  Annin  Ames,  99  Fulton  Street,  Xew  York  First  Vice-President — Martin  S.  Allen,  81 ' 
■North  Moore  Street,  New  York.  Second  Vice-PresMent — Walter  B.  Hopping,  165  Broadway,  New  York. 
TMrd  Vice-President — WUliam  H.  Kelly,  A.  M.,  Newburgh,  N.  Y.  Se^:relarv—Cs^pt.  Charles  A.  Du  Bois. ' 
220  Broadway,  New  York.  Treasurer — James  De  La  Monranve,  220  Broadwav,  New  York.  Registrar — 
Tunis  ji.  Huntting,  220  Broadway,  New  York.  Historian —iixmca  B.  Laux.  220  Broadway,  New  York. 
Chfl})^/i'.i— Rev.  Charles  L.  Goodell.  D.  D..  5.50  West  End  Avenue.  Xew  York.    There  are  l.,57:5  jnemhers. 


One  Week's  Food  Suppli/  for  a  Family  of  Five. 


U5 


UNITED    STATES    WHEAT,    CORN    AND    OATS    YIELD,    ETC.,    SINCE    iSH-B. 


"iK.<R. 


1840... 
185!>... 
18(;!). . . 
1870... 
1889... 
1899... 
1909... 
1913... 
1914... 
19J.5... 
lOKi... 
1917... 
1918... 


Wheat 
Production. 


Bushels. 
100,480,000 
173.105,000 
287,746,000 
459,483,000 
468,374,000 
f.5S.534,000 
083,379,000 
763,380,000 
891,017,000 
1,025,000,000 
036,318,000 
650,828,000 
918,920,000 


Wheat 
r..\!)ort-s. 


Bushels. 
7,.535,901 

17,213,133 

.53.900,780 
180,304,181 
109,430,467 
180,096,762 

87,364,318 
145,590,349 
332,464,975 
243,117,020 
203, .578,699 
149,831,427 

34,118,8.531 


Wheat 
Imports. 


Bushels. 


1,830.393 

2.074,321 

135.851 

1,875,174 

4.56,940 

1,282,039 

2,383,530 

715,369 

7,187,650 

24,924,985 

2S,17.',2S1, 


Corn 
Production. 


Bushels. 

592,071,000 

838,793,000 

700,945,000 

1,754,592,000 

2,122.328,000 

2,666,324,000 

2,552,190,000 

2,446,988,000 

2,672,804,000 

2.994,793,000 

2, .566.927,000 

3,159.494,000 

2.717,775,000 


Corn 
E.\i)orts. 


Bushels. 

7,632,860 

4,248,991 

2.140,487 

99,572,329 

103,418,709 

213,123,412 

38,128,498 

10,725,819 

.50,068,303 

39,896,928 

66.7.53,194 

04,720,842 

.10.997,827 


Oat 
Production. 


BiisJiels. 

140,584,000 
172,643,000 
282,107,000 
•107,859,000 
809,251,000 
943,389,000 
,007,143,000 
,121,768,000 
,141,060,000 
,.549,030,000 
,251,837,000 
,587,2,86,000 
,535,297.000 


OalsExpts 
(Including 
O.ntnieal.) 


Bushds. 


121,517 

706.306 

15,107.238 

45,048,857 

2.548,720 

3,845,850 

2.677,749 

98,960,481 

95,106,149 

88,944,401 

105881233 


OctS 
Jrniorts. 


Bushels. 


2,2l>6,785 

489.576 

J. '3, 332 

54,576 

i,o;-M,5ii 

107,318 
2,022,357 
065,314 
763,644 
761,644 
2,591,077 


Exports  of  wheat,  corn,  and  oats  in  1917  and  1918  do  irot  include  tiio  flours  of  those  grains.  Com 
meal  .and  flour  exports,  in  barrels:  (1917)  508,113:  (1918)  2,018,859.  Oatmeal  and  rolled  oats  exports, 
in  Ihs.;  (1917)  110,903,344;  (1918)  340,500,222.  Wlieat  fiour  exports,  in  barrels:  (1917)  11.942.778: 
U918)  21,880,151.     Figures  of  production  in  tables  are  tiie  October  estimates  of  the  SecreUiry  of  Agriculture. 

Production  Ls  for  calendar  yc.Tr.s.  Imports  and  export.s  are  for  Oscal  years.  Production  of  wheat 
prior  to  1889  averaged  11  to  14  bushel.?  to  the  acre;  (1909)  15,4  bu.;  (1013)  15.2  bu.;  (1914)  16.6  bu.:  USJS) 
J7.0  bu.;  (1916)  12.2  bu.:  (1917)  14.2  bu. 

Farm  value  of  wheat,  a  bu.<:-liel— (1914)  'S0.98;  (1915)  .S0.92:   (1910)  .81.60;   (1917)  .S2.01. 

F:vm  value  of  wheat,  total  United  States  crop — (1914)  8878,680,000;  (1915)  5942,303,000;  (J9HV) 
£1,019,968,000;  (1917)  31,307,418,000. 

Wheat  production,  earlier  years,  in  bu.shels— (1840)  84,823,272;  (1850)  100.485.943;  (1860)  173,i04,924. 

Wheat  exports  prior  to  1860.  valued  in  dollars — (1820)  516,603;  (1S30)  .546,170;  (184(3)  81,63.5.483; 
(1850)  8643,745;  (1855)  .81.329,246;  (1860)  -84,076,704;  (1861)  .538,313,024;  (1862)  .S42,573,295;  nS63) 
.S46,754,]95:  (1864)  831,432,1:33:  (1805)  .$19,398,028. 

Wheat  import  figures  before  1880  include  wheat  flour. 

Wheat  flour  exports  prior  to  1866,  vahied  in  dollars — (1810)  86,846,000;  (1820)  35,296,664;  (1830) 
.S6,086,953;  (1840)  SIO.143,015:  (1850)  87,098,570;  (1855)  .?10,896.908;  (1860)  515.448,607;  (1861)  $24,04.5.- 
849;  (1862)  S27,5:j4,677;  (1803)  828,366,069;  (1804)  $25,588,249;  (1865)  iS27,507,084. 

Corn  imports  In  1917  were  2,270,()79  bushels,  all  for  domescic  consumption. 

Corn  production,  in  bu.shels.  an  acr(^-(lSG9)  23.6;  (1879)  28.1;  (1889)  29.4;  (1899)  28.1;  (190S)  25.S; 
(1913)  23.1;  (1914)  25.8:  (1915)  28.2;  (1916)  24.4;  (1917)  26.4. 

Corn,  farm  value  a  bu,shcl— (1869)  80.60;  (1879)  .50.37;  (1889)  S0.2S;  (1809)  S0.30;  (1909)  S0.58;  (1913) 
$0.09;   (1914)  S0.64;   (1915)  S0.57;   (1910)  S0.89;   (1917)  -81.28. 

Corn,  total  value  United  States  crop— (1913)  SI, 692, 092 ,000;  (1914)  --;i.722,070.000;  (1915)  S!,722,- 
080,000;   (1916)  82,280.729,000:   (1917)  54,053,672,000. 

Oats  production,  in  bu.shels,  an  acre— (1869)  30.5:  (1879)  25.3;  (1889)  28.6:  (1899)  31.9;  (1909)  28.0; 
(1913)  29.2;  (1914)  29.7:  (1915)  37.8:  (1916)  30.1;  (1917)  30.4. 

Oats,  farm  value  a  bushel— (1869)  S0.3S;  (1879)  S0.33:  (1889)  80.23;  (1.S99)  S0.23;  (1909)  S0.47;  (1953) 
£0.39;  (1914)  .80.44;   (1915)  80.36:  (1910)  $0..52;   (1917)  .$0.67. 

Oats,  total  value  United  States  crop— (1913)  8439,590.000;  (1914)  §499.431,000;  (1915)  $569,50(i.00(»; 
(1910)  .'5655,928.000;  (1917)  Sl.061,427,000. 

JT!f>nUCTION  OF  BARLEY,  RYE,  POTATOES,  HAY,  RICE,  FLAXSKEO,    AND    BUCKWHEAT 

SINCE     1849. 


'r  K  \ !  t . 


1849 

18,50 

1869 

1879 

1889 

1899 

1909 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 


B.arley. 


Bushels. 

5,167,000 

15,826,000 

29,701,000 

43,997,000 

78.330,000 

119,635,000 

173,344.000 

178,189,000 

194,953,000 

228,851,000 

182,309,000 

208,975,000 

236,505,000 


Rye. 


Bushels. 
14.189,000 
21,101,000 
10,919,000 
19,832,000 
28,421.000 
25,.569,00a 
29,520,000 
41,381,000 
42.779,000 
54,050,000 
48,862,000 
60,145,000 
70,687,000 


White 
Potatoes. 


Bushels. 
65,798.000 
111,149.000 
143.337.000 
109,459,000 
217,540,000 
273,318,000 
389,195,000 
331,525,000 
409,921,000 
3,59,721,000 
285,437,000 
442,536,000 
391,279,000 


Hay. 


I'mt 
13,839 
19,084 
27,316 
35.151 
66.831 
53,828 
68,833 
64,116, 
70,171, 
86,920, 
89,991, 
79,528, 
86,25-t, 


,000 
,000 
000 
000 
,000 
,000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
000 
,000 


Sweet 
Potatoes. 


Bushels. 
38,268,000 
42.095.000 
21.710.000 
33.379.000 
43.950,000 
42.517,000 
.59,232,000 
59,057,000 
56,574,000 
75.639.000 
70.9.55,000 
87,141,000 
85,473.000 


Rice. 


Pounds. 

215.313.497 

187.167.032 

53.970,880 

85,596,000 

131,722,000 

219,278,000 

076,888,000 

715,111,111 

650,916,607 

804,083,333 

1,135.027,778 

1.007,722,222 

41,918,000  bu 


Flax- 
seed. 


Bushels. 
562,000 
.567,000 

1,730,000 

7,170,000 
10,250,000 
19,979,000 
19,513,000 
17,853,000 
13,749,000 
14,030,000 
14,296,000 

8,473,000 
15.006,000 


Buck- 
wheat. 


Bushels. 

8,957,000 
17,672,000 

9,822,000 
11,817,000 
12,110,009 
11.234.000 
14,849,000 
13,833,000 
16,881,000 
15,0.56,000 
11,840,000 
17,400,000 
19,473,000 


PHOutrcT. 


Barley . . 
Rye. . . . 
AVhitePotato 
Sweet  Potato 
race,  .r 


Average 

Year. 

Yield 

an  Acre. 

Bushels. 

1917 

23.7 

1917 

14.7 

1917 

100.8 

1916 

91.7 

1917 

37.6 

A  v.  Farm 
Value  a 
Bushel. 


Dollars. 
1.13 
1.60 
1.23 
0.85 
1.89 


Total  Farm 

Value  of 

Crop. 


Dollars. 

237,539,000 

100,025,000 

543,865,000 

60,141,000 

fi8.717.O0OJ 


Product. 


Flaxseed 

Buckwheat.. 


TIay. 


Average 

Year. 

Yield 

an  Acre. 

Bushels. 

1917 

4.7 

1917 

17.4 

Tons. 

1917 

1.49 

.\  v.  Farm 
Value  a 
BMshel. 


Dollars. 
2.97 
1.60 

17.09 


Total  Fara 

Value  of 

Crop. 


Dollars. 

25.148,000 

27,954,000 

1,359,491.00(1 


ONE    WEEK'S    FOOD    SUPPLY    FOR    A    FAMILY    OF    FIVE. 

(By  the  New  York  City  Department  of  Health.) 

THESE  articles  were  selected  becaitse  of  their  food  value.  It  Is  proved  tliat  there  is  ample  nouriauiuem 
In  them  for  two  adults  and  three  childi-en  for  one  week. 

1  lb.  Biitter,  1  bag  sugar  (3J-2  lbs.),  1  lb.  rice,  1  lb.  dried  peas,  1  lb.  beans,  1  lb.  farina,  1  lb.  oatmeal, 
1  box  cocoa  (M-lb.),  1  lb.  prunes,  1  lb.  onions,  6  lbs.  potatoes,  1  head  of  cabbage  (medium  size),  1  lb. 
cfteese,  2  doz.  eggs,  2  lbs.  of  meat  daily,  2  loave?  of  bread  d.aily,  2  qts.  cf  milk  daUy. 


24r) 


Stat--  AgricidturaJ  Expnimoit  Stations  in  the   U.  H. 


COTTON  PRODUCTION   CONSUMPTION,  EXPORTS,  IMPORTS  SINCE 

(In  500-pound  bale^  or  tlieir  equivalents.) 


'I  3153. 


Y-rl'.V. 

Produc- 

(Jon- 
sump- 

lix porta 
of  Do- 

Net 
Im- 

Exports. 

YB.\a 

Produc- 
tion. 

Con- 
sump- 

E.xportsj   Net 
of  Do-  1    im-     Fxports, 

tion. 

mestic. 

ports. 

tion. 

niestic. 

ports 

BcAts. 

Bales. 

BaUs. 

Bales. 

Dollars. 

Bales. 

Bales. 

Bales. 

Bales.   Dollars. 

June  :,0. 

1891 

8,562,089 

2,604.491 

5,830,219 

45,.580 

290,712,898 

186a 

1,596,653 

2S7,.397 

22,770 

67,095 

6,652,105 

1892 

8,940,867 

2,846,75:^ 

5,896,800 

64.394 

258.461,241 

1864  .... 

449,059 

119.540 

23,998 

52,405 

9.895.854 

1893 

6,658,313 

2,415,875 

4,485,251 

85,7:;a 

188,771,445 

136.5  .... 

299,372 

344, 278 

17,789 

68,798 

0,836,500 

1894..  .  . 

7,433,056 

2,300,276 

5,307,295 

59,405 

210,869,289 

1866 .... 

2,093,658 

614,540 

1,301,146 

10,322 

281,:»j,223 

1895  .... 

10,025,534 

2,983,665 

6,961,372 

99,399 

204,900,990 

Aug.  si. 

1896  .... 

7,146,772 

2,499,731 

4,761,503 

112,001 

190,056,460 

1867 .... 

1,948,077 

715,258 

1,401.697 

1,035 

201,470,423 

1897  .... 

8,515,640 

2,841,394 

6,124,026 

114,712 

230,890,971 

1868 .... 

2,345,610 

844,044 

1,502,756 

345 

152,820,733 

1898  .... 

10,985,040 

3,472,398 

7,811,031 

105,802 

230,442,215 

1869 .... 

2,198,141 

860,481 

1,300.449 

1,870 

162.033,0.52 

1399 

11,435,368 

3,672,097 

7,626,525 

103,223 

209,561,774 

1870 .... 

2,409,597 

796,616 

1,987,708 

3,026 

227,027,624 

190(1 .... 

9,:;i5,:!9I 

3,687,253 

6,167,623 

134,778 

241,832,737 

1871 .... 

4,024,627 

1,026.583 

2,922,757 

1,802 

218,327,109 

1901  .... 

10,123,027 

3,603,516 

6,806,572 

116,610 

313,673,443 

1872 .... 

2.756,564 

1,146,730 

1,824,937 

6,374 

180,684,595 

1902..     . 

9, .509.745 

4,080,287 

6,870,313 

190,080 

290,651,819 

1873 .... 

3,650,932 

1,115,691 

2,470,590 

10,016 

227,243,069 

190:; .... 

10.6:10,945 

4,187,076 

6,913,506 

149,113 

316,180,429 

1874 .... 

3,873,750 

1,213,052 

2,682,631 

3,541 

211,223,580 

1904  .... 

9.851,129 

3,980,567 

6,233,682 

100,298 

370,811,246 

1875 .... 

3,528,276 

1.098,163 

2,504,118 

3,784 

190,638,625 

1905  . . 

l:!.4:!8,012 

4,523,208 

9,057,:i97 

130,182 

379,965.014 

1876 

4,302,818 

l,2,'i5,712 

3,037.6.50 

4,498 

192,659,262 

19U6  . 

111,575,017 

4,877,465 

6,975,494 

133,464 

401,005.921 

1877.... 

4,118,390 

1.314,489 

2,8.39,418 

4,833 

171,118,508 

190/  .... 

1:;, 273,809 

4,974,199 

8,825,236 

202,733 

481.277,797 

1878 .... 

4,494,224 

1.458,667 

3.197,439 

5,046 

18O,0:;i,484 

190S  .    .  . 

11,107,179 

1,493,028 

7,779,1508 

140,869 

437,783,202 

1879 .... 

4,745,078 

1,457,266 

3,290,167 

5,049 

162,:W4,250 

1909  .... 

13,241,799 

5,198,963 

8,889,724 

165,451 

417,390,665 

1880 .... 

6,466,387 

1,500,688 

3,743,752 

7,.578 

211,535,905 

1910..  .  . 

10,004,949 

4,559,002 

6,491,843 

151,395 

450.447,243 

1881 

6,356,998 

i  .865,922 

4,453,495 

5,447 

247,095,746 

1911..  .  . 

11.608,616 

4,516,779 

8.025,991 

231,191 

585.318,869 

1882 .... 

5,136,447 

1,849,457 

3,376,.52l 

3,261 

189,812,644 

1912  . . 

15,692,701 

5.181,826 

11,081,332 

229,208 

505,849,271 

188:) .... 

6,833,44:; 

2,038,400 

4,591,331 

4,716 

247,328,721 

191:;..-. 

13,703,421 

5,630,835 

9,199,093 

225,460 

547,357,195 

1884    .  .  . 

5,521,963 

1,813,865 

3,733,36!) 

11,247 

197,015,204 

1914 

14.1.56,486 

5,703,639 

9,256,028 

265,646 

610,475,301 

1885 .... 

5.477,448 

1. 1)87,108 

3,730,170 

7,144 

201,962,458 

July  :;i. 

1886  .... 

6,369,341 

2.094.682 

4,200,617 

8,270 

205,085,642 

1915  ... 

16,134,930 

5,835,592 

8,931,253 

363,595 

376,217,972 

1887  .... 

6,314,561 

2,019.687 

4,:i01..-|42 

•     7,552 

206,222,057 

1916.    .  . 

11,191,820 

7,055,760 

6,405,993 

420,995 

374,186,247 

188S    ... 

6,884,667 

2,205,303 

4,519,254 

11.983 

223,016,760 

1917..     . 

11,449,930 

7,721,354 

5,963,682 

288,486 

543,074,690 

1889 .... 

6,923,775 

2,309,250 

4,730,192 

15,284 

237,775,270 

19iS  . . 

11,302,375 

4,528,844 

206,651 

665,024.655 

1390  .... 

7,472,511 

2..-il8,409^ 

4,928,921 

18,334 

2,50,968,792 

Liiiters  production,  not  included  in  above  table,  in  running  bales:     (1917)  1,300,163. 

T.'ie  estimate  for  the  1918  calendar  year  for  cotton  production  was  11,137,000  bales. 

Exports  and  imports  are  by  fiscal  years. 

Years  specified  represent  commercial  years  iu.stead  of  yoar.s  of  growth. 

Production  covers  nearly  as  possible  tlie  crop  grown  during  the  preceding  calendar  year  and  piclved 
mainly  during  the  cotton  year  .specified  in  the  stub, 

V.Mue  of  exports  of  domestic  cotton  goods— (1913)  .S.53. 743.077;  (1911)  S.5 1,407,233;  (1915)  871,973,- 
49T;  (191C)  8112,053,235:  (1917)  3136,299,842;  (1918)  S169,::9S.420. 

PRODUCTION    OF    COTTON    SEiiD    AND    PKODUCTS. 


Ye.\r. 


1899 . . 
1900. . 
1901.  . 
1902  . 
1903.. 

1904:.. 

1905. . 
1906. . 
1907. . 
1908.. 
1909. . 
1910.. 
1911.  . 
1912.. 
1913. . 
1914.  . 
1915. . 
1916 


Cotton  Seed 
Grown. 


;ort 
068 
S30 
(530 
092 
71V 
427 
060 
913 
952 
904 
462 

nr. 

997 

104 

30 

,186 

992 

,113 


toiu. 
.000 
000 
000 
000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
000 
,000 
000 
.000 
,000 
,000 
000 
,000 


Cotton  Seed 
Oil  Produced. 


Gallons. 
93,330,000 
96,610,000 
118,610,000 
122,910,000 
121,880,000 
133,820,000 
125,700,000 
153,760,000 
103,050,000 
146,790,000 
131,000,000 
167,970,000 
201,650,000 
185,750,000 
193,330,000 
229,260,0'J<) 
167,110,000 
187,688.000 


Value  of  Col  ton 
Seed  Oil. 


Dollars. 
21,390,000 
26,080,000 
33,210,000 
40,560,000 
39,000,000 
31,340,000 
26,400,000 
43,050,000 
33,390,000 
44,090,000 
55,230,000 
80,430,000 
66,580,000 
69,100,000 
81,020,000 
80,540,000 
87,940,000 
153,419,000 


CaUe  and 
Meal  Prod. 


tiliore  tons. 
884,000 
845,000 
1,125,000 
1,165,000 
1,150,000 
1,300,000 
1,272,000 
1,786  000 
1,043,000 
1,492,000 
1,326,000 
1,792,000 
2,151,000 
1,999,000 
2,220,000 
2,648,000 
1,923,000 
2,225,000 


Hulls, 


Short  tons. 
1,169,000 
1,139,000 
1,487,000 
1,541,000 
1,528,000 
1,213,000 
1,135,000 
1,593,000 

927,000 
1,330,000 
1,189,000 
1,375,000 
1,642,000 
1,. 540 ,000 
1,400,000 
1,677,000 
1,220,000 

969,000 


l.intei's. 


Bales. 
114,544 
n  1,096 
145,103 
150,366 
194,486 
235,586 
219,397 
307.518 
li56.487 
330.277 
296.640 
379.576 
533.098 
583,091 
660.087 
820.274 
889.577 

1.330.552 


STATE    Al:tRICULTURAL    EXPERIMENT    STATIONS    IN    THE    U.    S. 

-■VL.iBAMA,  Aubtirn.  Tuskegee  Institute;  Alaska,  Sitka  (Federal);  Arizona,  Tucson;  Arlvansas,  Fa.vette- 
ville;  California,  Berkeley;  Colorado,  Fort  Collins;  Connecticut,  New  Haven,  Storrs;  Delaware,  Newark; 
Ftorldn,  Gainesville;  Georgia,  Kxperiment;  Guam,  Guam,  Island  of  Guam  (Federal);  Hawaii,  Honolulu 
(Federal);  Idaho,  Moscow;  Illinois,  Urbana;  Indiana,  La  Fayette;  Iowa,  Ames;  Kansas,  Manhattan; 
Kentucky,  Lexington;  I,ouisiaiia,  University  Station,  Baton  Rouge;  Audubon  Park,  New  Orleans  (Sugar 
Station);  Calhoun,  Crowley  (Pvice  Station);  Maine,  Orono;  Maryland,  College  Park;  Massacluisetts. 
Amlierst;  Michigan,  East  Lansini;;  Minnesota,  University  Farm,  St.  Paul;  Mississippi,  Agricultural  College; 
Missouri,  Columbia;  Montana,  Bozeman;  Nebraska,  Lincoln;  Nevada,  Reno;  New  H.impshire,  Durham; 
New  .lersey,  New  Brunswick;  New  Mexico.  Slate  (JoUegc:  New  York.  Ithaca  (Cornell);  Geneva;  North 
Carolina,  Raleigh  and  West  Uak'igh;  North  Dakota,  Agiicultural  College;  Ohio,  Wooster;  Oklahoma; 
Stillwater;  Oregon,  Corvallis;  Pennsylvania,  State  College  (Institute  of  Animal  Nutrition);  Porto  Rico. 
Mayaguez  (Federal);  Rhode  Islaiid.  Kingston:  Sotith  Carolina.  Clemson  College;  Soutn  Dakota,  Brookings; 
Tennessee,  Knoxville;  Texas,  College  Station:  Utah,  l.o^an;  Vermont.  Burlington;  Virginia,  Blacli^burg, 
Norfolk  (Truck);  Washingron,  PuHmnn;  West  NirgiuUi.  Moraantown;  \yisconsia,  Madison;  Wyo-B.tus; 
i.niramie.  •       • 


American  Wool  Siaiisiias. 


247 


AMERICAN    WOOL    STATISTICS. 

(Sources:  Production.  1896-1913,  reports  of  the  National  Association  of  Wool  Manufacturers,  Boston: 
otlier  years,  reports  of  tlie  Department  of  Agriculture.) 


YEAR. 

(Fiecal.) 


1840. 

1850. 

1860. 

1861. 

1862. 

1863. 

1864. 

1865. 

1806. 

1867. 

1868. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

J8S4. 

1885. 

1880. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

1900., 

1901., 

1902., 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1909., 

1910.. 

1911.. 

1912., 

1913., 

1914., 

1915., 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 


Production. 


Pounds. 
3.5,802,114 
52,516,959 
60,264,913 
75,000,000 
90,000,000 
106,000,000 
123,000,000 
142,000,000 
155,000,000 
160,000,000 
168,000,000 
180,000,000 
162,000,000 
1 60,000,000 
1.50,000,000 
158,000,000 
170,000,000 
181.000,000 
192,000,000 
200,000,000 
208,250,000 
211,000,000 
232,500,000 
240,000,000 
272,000,000 
290,000,000 
300,000,000 
308,000,000 
302,000,000 
285,000,000 
269,000,000 
205.000,000 
276,000,000 
285,000,000 
294,000,000 
303,153,000 
298,057,384 
309,748,000 
272,474,708 
259,153,251 
266,720,684 
272,191,330 
288,636,621 
302,502,328 
316,.341,032 
287,450,000 
291,783,032 
295.488,438 
298.915,130 
298,294,750 
311.138,321 
328,110.749 
321,362,750 
318,547,900 
304,043,400 
296,175,300 
290,192,000 
285,726,000 
288,490,000 
285,573,000 
257,921,000 


E.xports 

of 
Dome.^tic. 


Founds. 


35,898 
1,055,928 


355,722 

155,482 

406,182 

973,075 

307,418 

658,43 

444,387 

1.52,89: 

25,195 
140,515 

75,129 
319,600 
178,034 
104,768 

79,599 
347,854 

60,784 
191,551 

71,455 
116,179 

64,474 

10,.393 

88,006 
146,423 
257,940 

22,164 
141,576 
231,042 
291,922 
202,450 

91,858 

520,247 

4,279,109 

6,945.981 

5,271,535 

121,139 

1,683,419 

2,200,309 

199,565 

123,278 

518,919 

319,750 

123,951 

192,481 

214,840 

182,458 

28,376 

47,520 


Domestic 
Retained  for 
Consumpt'u. 


Pounds. 
35,802,114 
52,481,061 
59,208,985 


770,471 

335,348 

8,158,300 

4,418,915 

2,148,350 

993,143 


105,644,278 
122,844,518 
141,533,818 
154,026,925 
159,692,582 
167,441,565 
179,555,613 
161,847.108 
159,974,805 
149,8.59,485 
157,924,871 
169,680,400 
180,821,966 
191,89.5,232 
199,920,401 
207,902,146 
210,939,216 
232,308,449 
239,928,545 
271,883,821 
289,935,526 
299,989,607 
307,911,994 
301,853,577 
284,742,060 
268,977,836 
264,858,424 
275,768,958 
284,708,078 
293,797,544 
303,061,142 
29/537,137 
305,468,891 
265,528,727 
253,881,716 
266,599,545 
270,507,911 
286,436,312 
302,302,763 
310,217,754 
286,931.081 
291,463,282 
295,364,487 
298,722,649 
298,079,910 
310,955,863 
328,082,373 
321,315,230 
318,547,900 
304,043,400 
295,404,829 
289,856,652 
277,567,700 
284,071,085 
283,424,650 
256,927,857 


Imports. 


Pounds. 

9,898,740 

18,095,294 

26,282,955 

32,057,457 

44,031,091 

75,121,728 

91,250,114 

44,420,375 

71,287,988 

38,158,382 

25,467,336 

39,275,926 

49,230,199 

68,058,028 

126,507,409 

85,496,049 

42,939,541 

54,901,760 

44,042,836 

42,171,192 

48,449,079 

39,005,155 

128,131,747 

55,964,230 

67,861,744 

70,575,478 

78,350,651 

70,596,170 

129,084,958 

114,038,030 

113,558,753 

126,487,729 

105,431,285 

129,303,648 

148,670,652 

172,433,838 

55,152,i585 

206,033,906 

230,911,473 

350,852,026 

132,795,202 

76,736,200 

155,928,455 

103,583,505 

166,576.966 

177,137,796 

173,742,834 

249,135,746 

201,688,668 

203,847,545 

125,980,524 

266,409,304 

263,928,232 

137,647,641 

193,400,713 

195,293.255 

247,648,809 

308,083,429 

534,828,022 

372.372,218 

379,129,934 


Exports 

of 
Foreign. 


Pounds. 
85,528 


157,064 


708,8.50 
223,475 
679,281 
852,045 
619,614 
2,801,852 
342,417 
1,710,053 
1. 305,311 
2,343,937 
7,040,386 
6,816,157 
3,567,627 
1,518,426 
3,088,957 
5,952,221 
4,104,616 
3,648,520 
5,507,534 
3,831,836 
4,010,043 
2,304,701 
3,115,389 
6,534,426 
6,728,292 
4,359,731 
3,263,094 
3,288,467 
2,638,123 
3,007,563 
4,218,637 
5,977,407 
2,343,081 
6,026,236 
3,427,834 
2,504,832 
12,412,916 
5,702,251 
3,590,502 
3,104,663 
2,992,995 
2,863,053 
2,437,697 
6,450.378 
3,231,908 
6,684,357 
3,495,599 
4,007,953 
8,205.699 
1,719,870 
4,432,404 
1,204,835 
7,259,934 
1,803,570 
1,830,374 
1,046.866 


Foreign 
Retained  for 
Consunipt'n. 


Pounds. 
9,813,212 
18,695,294 
20,125,891 


74,412,878 

91,026,639 

43,741,094 

70,435,943 

37,538,768 

22,065,484 

38,933,509 

47,520,146 

66,762,717 

124,163,472 

78,455,663 

36,123,384 

51.334,133 

43,124,410 

39,082,235 

42,490,858 

34,900,539 

124,483,227 

60,456,702 

64,029,908 

66,565,435 

76,045,950 

67,480,831 

122,5.50,632 

107,309,738 

109,199,022 

123,224,635 

102,142,818 

126,065,525 

145,663,089 

168,215,201 

49,175,178 

203,690,825 

224,885,237 

347,424,192 

130,290,370 

64,323,293 

150,226,204 

99,993,003 

163,472,303 

174,144,801 

170,879,781 

246,698,049 

196,238,290 

200,615,637 

120,296,167 

262,913,705 

259,920,279 

129.441,942 

191.680,843 

190,860,851 

246,444,034 

300,823,495 

533,024,462 

370,541,844 

371,083,068 


In  1330  the  raw  wool  imports  were  669,883  pounds.  „.„„..„„„     .,„.„.    „,„  „„r.  ..o,. 

Value  of  wool  manufactures  imported— (1820)  85,598,634;  (1830)  35,900,988;  (1840)  $10  808,485; 
(1850)  819.620,619;  (1860)  543,141,988  (1870)  834,490.668:  (1880)  533.911,093;  (1890)  856,582,432;  (1900) 
$16,164,446:  (1910)  823.532,175;  (1916)  815,657,537;  (1917)  318,802,463.  mo.an  .r  «,  <c  qoa. 

Total  consumption  in  tlie  United  States  of  domestic  and  foreign  wool,  in  pounds — (1340)  45,615,326, 
(1850)  71,176,355;  (1800)  85,334,876;  (1870)  209,367,254;  (1880)  356,791,676;  (1890)  377,911.776;  (1900) 
436,602,510;   (1910)   581,235,609;   il916)   817,096,537;   (1917)   653.900,494;   (1918)   628,010.925. 

"wool  Production  (in  Poinds)  1918,  by  States:^  Me.,  883,000,  NHamp..  192  OTO;Vt^,  663,000;  Mms.^ 
119,000;  R.  I.,  24,000;  Conn.,  76,000;  N.  Y.,  3,830,000;  N.  J.,  88,000;  Pa.,  4,774,000,  Del.,  31.000;  Md.. 
773.000;  .V4.,  1.918.000;  W.  Va..  2,830,000;  N.  C,  570,000;  S.  C.  103,000;  Ga..  478.000;  Fla.,  426,000; 
Ohio,  12,600,000;  ind..  4,766,o60;  111..  4,048,000;  Mich..  8,765,000;  Wis.  2,850.000;  Minn  3  112,000; 
Iowa  4  815  000-  Mo  5  532  000;  ^f.  D.,  1.860,000;  S.  D.,  4.747,000:  Neb..  1.696,000;  Kan..  1.624.000;  Ky., 
S'.odO;  tVun..  1?954,000  Ala  .  368,6od;  Miss..  619.0()0:'La.  594.000;  Tex.  11250,000;  Okla.  518,000; 
Ark  402  000-  Mont .  23  342,000  Wyo.,  34,026,000;  Col..  9.261.000;  N.  M..  17,132,000;  Ariz.,  5,656,000; 
UUH.  15TSOO,600;  Nev.,  lb,OT^^^^         Idaho.  19.500.000;  Wash.,  5,604.000;  Ore..  12.500.000;  Cal..  12.545,000. 

NATIONAL    COUNCIL    OF    THE    CONGREGATIONAL    CHURCHES    OF    THE 

UNITED   STATES. 
.  14  Beacon  Street,'  Boston,  Mass.    Moderator— ^av.  WilUam  Horace  Day.    First  Assistant  Modemtm— 
Rev,  WiUlam  E.  Barton.    Secmia  Assistant  Moderator—Rav.  Harold  M.  Klngsley.    Secretary — Rev.  Jutien 
C.  Herring.    Treasurer — Rev,  John  J.  Walker.    Next  meeting  October  22,  1919. 


248 


Sugar  Stali^tTcs. 


SUGAR    STATISTICS. 

(Data  by  WiUett  *  Gray  of  New  York;  A.  Boucliereau  of  New  Orleans;  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture,  and  British  Statistical  Abstract.) 


Year. 
(Fiscal.) 


1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870 . 
1871 . . 

1872 .  , 

1873 . 

1874 .  , 

1875 .  , 
1876. 

1877 .  . 

1878 .  . 

1879 .  . 

1880 .  . 

1881 .  . 

1882 .  . 

1883 .  . 

1884 .  . 

1885 .  . 
1880 .  . 

1887.  . 

1888 .  . 

1889 .  . 
1890. 
1891 .  . 
1892  .  . 

1893 .  . 

1894 .  . 
1895 .'. 
1S9G. . 
1897. . 
1898. . 
1899. . 

1900 .  . 

1901.  . 

1902 . 
1903 . . 

1904 .  . 

1905 .  . 
1906 . . 

1907 .  . 

1908 .  . 

1909 .  . 

1910.  . 
1911. 
1912  . 
1913. 
1914  . 
1915.  . 
1910  . 
1917  . 
1918. . 


U.  S. 

Cane  Sugar 

Prod. 


Pounds 
11,200,000 
20,680,000 
50,400,000 
51,520,000 
100,801,225 
87,043,000 
178,304,592 
156,352,125 
134,832,493 
108,640,119 
142,240,691 
172,480,070 
199,360,570 
159,041,941 
250,880,753 
178,872,000 
285,302,899 
171,074,950 
318,740,258 
302,944,230 
225,962,963 
302,764,486 
191,282,272 
375,904,197 
344,756,221 
301,284,395 
497,169,856 
370,579,307 
498,455,026 
010,825,018 
729,392,561 
543,633,726 
644,175,323 
708,251,878 
568,789,795 
322,549,011 
623,774,123 
728,650,448 
745.805,875 
525,952,000 
784,000,000 
766,080.000 
544,320.000 
788,480.000 
828,800,000 
750,400.000 
710,080,000 
721,748,160 
325,147  200 
601,074,880 
493,239,040 
277,240,320 
621,799,360 
491,677,760 


U.  .S. 
Beet  Sugar 
Production. 


U.  S. 

Total 

Production. 


Povnds. 

890,000 

890,000 

896,000 

896,000 

896,000 

896,000 

896,000 

896,000 

1,120,000 

■  1.568,000 

224,000 

224,000 

224,000 

224,000 

448,000 

2,GSS,000 

1,120,000 

1,120,000 

1,120,000 

1,198,400 

2,134,720 

1,344,000 

1,792,000 

571,200 

4,168,640 

4,934,720 

7,748,160 

11,997,440 

26,920, .320 

44,688,000 

45,006,080 

05,452,800 

84,080,640 

90,491,670 

72,735,040 

163,458,075 

172,104,160 

369,211,733 

430,811,085 

481,209,087 

484,226,430 

625,841,228 

967,224,000 

927  256,430 

851,768,000 

,024,938,000 

,020,344,000 

,199,000,000 

,385,112,000 

,406,802,000 

,444,108,000 

,748,440,000 

,641,314,000 

,529.622,080 


Pnunds. 

12,096,000 

21, .576,000 

51,296.000 

52,410,000 

101,697,225 

87,929,000 

179,200,592 

157,248,125 

135,952,493 

110,208,119 

142,464,691 

172,704,070 

199,584,570 

159,265,941 

251, .328.753 

181,560,000 

286,422,899 

172,194,950 

319,806,258 

304,142,630 

228,097,683 

304.098,486 

193,074,272 

376,475,397 

348,924,861 

306,219,115 

504,918,016 

382, .576,747 

.525,370,246 

655,513,618 

774,398,041 

609,086,520 

728,255,963 

798,743,.548 

641,524,835 

486,007,086 

795,938,283 

,097,862,181 

,182,617,.560 

,007,101,087 

,268,220,430 

,391,921,228 

,511, .544,000 

,715,736,430 

.680,568,000 

,775,338,000 

,730,424,000 

,920,748,160 

,710,259,200 

,067,876,880 

,937,347,040 

,025,680,320 

,263,113,360 

,020,897,840 


United  States 
Imports. 


Pound: 
651,930 
000,055 
849,054 
121,189 
,247,833 
,196,773 
,277  473 
.509,18: 
568,304 
,701,297 
,797,509, 
,493,977, 
654,556 
,537,451, 
,834,365 
,829.291 
946,745 
990,1.52 
137,667 
7.56,416, 
;717,884, 
,689,881, 
136,443, 
700,284, 
762,202, 
934,011, 
;483,477 
,550,509 
,766,445 
,34.5,193 
.574,510 
,800,338 
,918,905 
,689,920 
,980,250 
018,086 
,975,005 
,031,915 
216,108 
700,623, 
680,932, 
979,331, 
391,839, 
371,907, 
1.89,421,' 
094,545 
937.978 
104.1118 
740,041, 
060,821 
,420,981 
633,161 
332,745 
903,327 


49 
,024 
,006 
,415 
430 
569 
,653 
,074 
592 
,869 
,990 
472 
831 
034 
,836 
,684 
,205 
,374 
665 
896 
653 
765 
240 
282 
967 
560 
;222 
,165 
,347 
,881 
,454 
,557 
,733 
,851 
,569 
,530 
,840 
,875 
,106 
613 
.998 
430 
975 
112 
018 
930 
265 
W3 
188 
873 
,867 
749 
854 
249 


Dollars. 

27,325,897 

40,669,172 

35,941.253 

49,495,102 

60,407,20 

56,923,745 

64,021,239 

81,213,001 

82,716.9.53 

81,887,403 

73,330,556 

.58,120,583 

84,978,182 

73,090,9,58 

72,078,688 

80,087,720 

86,670,624 

90,439,675 

91,637,992 

98,264,607 

72,519,514 

80,773,744 

78,411.224 

74,245,200 

88,543,971 

96,094,532 

105,728,216 

104,408,813 

116,255,784 

126,871,889 

76,462,836 

89,219,773 

99,066,181 

60,472,749 

94,964,120 

100,250,974 

90,487,800 

.55,061,097 

72,088,973 

71,915,753 

97,645,449 

85,460,088 

92,806,2,53 

80,2.58,147 

96.554,998 

106,349,005 

96,691,096 

115.515,079 

103,639,823 

101,649,375 

173,992,003 

208,709,399 

230,945,694 

237,015,371 


li.xports 
From  U.  S. 


Pounds 

32,635,280 

13,027,910 

20,340,676 

18,329,940 

20,995,911 

22,700,904 

14,203,714 

16,.598,822 

,34,010,384 

29,442,7.50 

35,352,785 

67.730,198 

42,872,675 

.50,123,065 

82,741  ,,564 

40,640,206 

31,980,791 

19,443,075 

30,552,136 

85,532,916 

258,163,890 

175,836,220 

204,241,167 
60,399,490 
19,751, .597 
47,495,577 

113,051,117 
19,414,020 
29,232,282 
64,324,539 
27,234,732 
10,743.185 
48,770,668 
19,927,465 
16,964,213 
26,918,380 
14,015,102 
15,175,805 
19,-529,092 
41,607,988 
27,428,446 
37,105,110 
42,870,843 
43,686,270 
97,879,825 

189,304,9,52 
89,430,445 

102,915,741 
00,569,033 
96,862,402 

601,103,749 
,685,195,537 
,268,306,254 

587,-505,655 


World's 

Production 

of  Suaar. 


Po7inds. 

4,412,800,000 

4,578,560,000 

5,048,900,000 

4,719,680,000 

5,320.720,000 

5,411,840,000 

5,920,320.000 

5,886,560,000 

6,726,720,000 

7,006,720,000 

6,565,440.000 

6,569,920,000 

6,088,320,000 

7,266,560,000 

8,021,440.000 

7,288,960,000 

8,196,160,000 

8,606,080,000 

9,528,960,000 

10,492,100,000 

10.967,010,000 

10,218,880,000 

11,374.720,000 

11,011,840,000 

11,173,120,000 

12,772,480,000 

14,033,600,000 

14,230,720,000 

14,500,008,640 

16,532,250,560 

17,778,582,080 

16,215,805,760 

17,828,489.280 

17,,329,598,720 

17.942,422,400 

19,369,920,640 

21,767,115,520 

24,625,095,040 

22,222,280,640 

23,124,933,440 

21,309,706,880 

31,241,784,000 

32,419,822,400 

31, 181, 106  ,.880 

32,599,871,360 

33,415,267.200 

38,083.411,200 

35,585,303,040 

40,787,743,360 

41,972,098,500 

41,511,919,680 

37,094,744,960 

87.144,428,160 

16,676,878 


Tiie  American  production  is  of  the  season  preceding  the  flscal  year.  The  export  (igiu-es  relate  to  con- 
tinental United  St.ates  after  1900.  The  consumption  figures  are  mainly  in  terms  of  raw  sugar.  The  beet 
sugar  production  figures,  1865-1872  and  1875-1879,  are  averages. 

Production  of  simar  in  United  States  in  pounds,  prior  to  1865— (1840)  120,851,074;  (1850)  247,577,000: 
(1855)  414,725,000;  {i860)  230,982,000;  (1861)  274,724,000;  (1862)  5.39,830,500;  (1863)  103,040,000  (1864) 
85,060,000. 

1-ouisiana  cane  .sugar  production,  included  in  above  tal)le.  uverju'eil  a  vear,  in  pounds,  for  the  following 
period-:  (1852-1860)  313,341,526:  (1861-1870)  126,-548, 173;  (1871-1880)  159,125,435;  (1881-1890)  267,329.637; 
(1891-1895)  527,509, 1.°0;  (1896-1900)  .547,151.480:  (1901-190.5)061,464,036;  (1906-1910)  707,840,000:  (1911) 
685,440.000;  (1912)  705,747,840;  (1913)  307,146,5()0;  (1914)  585,.394,8S0;  (1915)  485,399,040;  (1916)  275.- 
000,320;  (1917)  607,799,360. 

Sugar  Imports,  in  pounds,  i>rior  to  1865— (1830)  86.490,113:  (1840)  120,940,747;  (1850)  218,430.704; 
(1855)  473,809,847;  (I860)  694,8:18,197:  (1861)  809,749,958:  (1862)  557,738,382;  (1863)  518,594,861;  (1864) 
632,230.247. 

.Average  cost,  per  pound,  in  foreign  countries,  in  cents — (1830)  5.35;  (1840)  4.61;  (1850)  3.46;  (18.55) 
3.09;  !1S60)  4.47;  (1870)  4.76;  (1880)  4.38;  (1890)  3.28;  (1900)  2.*9;  (1910)  2.60;  (1913)  2.19;  (1914)  2.01: 
tl9ir>>  3.21-.  (1916)   3.79. 

Wiiolesnle  price  of  graniUatcd  sugar  at  New  York,  a  pound,  in  cents — calendar  years — (1870)  13.51: 
(ISSO)  0.80;  (1890)  6.27:  (1900)  5.32;  (1910)  4.97:  (1913)  4.278;  (1914)  4.683:  (1915)  5.559;  (1916)  8.62: 
(1917'  7.662;  (1918)  from  January  1  to  September,  7.35:  ofter  September  the  United  States  Government 
tised  li'.e  wholesale  price  at  8.82.  On  March  I,  1918.  sugjir  sold  .at  19.70  a  pound  in  Italv,  at  13.30  in  Spain, 
;ini;t   i2.2S  in  Frauto.     In  .luly  the  price  in  France  adv.auced  14  per  coat.. 


Sugar  Statistics — Continued. 


U9 


V.    S.    BKET    SUGAll    ACREAGE    AND    PRODUCTION 


ITiiB. 

Bugav, 

A  rea. 

YE.^n. 

Sugar. 

Area. 

Year. 

Sugar. 

Area. 

Yk.\H. 

Sugar. 

Area. 

.•ilwrt  Ts. 

-lo-es. 

Short  Ts. 

Acres. 

Short  Ts. 

A  ens. 

Short  T.'!. 

Acres. 

1902.. 

218,406 

216,400 

1900. . 

483,612 

376,074 

1910.. 

510,172 

398,029 

1014. . 

722.054 

483.40(1 

1903.. 

240,004 

242,576 

1907.. 

403,628 

370,984 

1911.. 

599,500 

473,877 

1915.. 

874,001) 

*.;i  1,301 

1904. . 

242,113 

1!'7,784 

1908., 

425,884 

364,913 

1912.. 

692,656 

555,300 

1910.. 

820.657 

6ti.">,30-. 

1905. . 

312,92) 

:-ii)7,364 

1909. . 

512,469 

420.262 

Il913.  . 

723,40! 

580,0061 

V.  a.  : 

VIOLASSES 

PKOUUCTION 

Y'E.ui  Ended 
March— 

Lonisiauii . 

Other 

Boutheru 

States. 

Tors) 

TVlAUCH — 

Li>\usiajia. 

Other 

.southern 

States:. 

T'lWJ. 

1852-1800 

1861-1870 

Ooihms. 
20,032,717 

8,048,261 
11,096,7.38 
14,737.034 
21.277.179 
20,661,216 
26,953,377 

GuUons. 
1,065,213 
951,954 
1,213,302 
3,800,728 
6,124,752 
6,431.452 
7.718.527 

OnUon,l. 
21,097.930 

9,000,215 
12,310,040 
18,537,762 
27,401,932 
27,092,668 
34,671,905 

1910-11 

1911-12 

(rvllons. 
31,964.957 
34,213.839 
14,659.089 
25.822.845 
21,053.768 
13,563,180 
58,890.4'18 

Oallons. 
10,716,160 
8,000,000 
9,200,000 
12,107,000 
14.000,000 
13,716,000 

Oallons. 
42,671,117 
42,213.838 
23,869,088 
37,929,846 
36,053,768 
27,279,768 
79,464,448 

1871-1880 

1881-1890 

1891-1895 

1896-1900 

1901-1005 

1912-13 

1913-14 

1914-15 

1915-16 

1916-17 

1900-1910 

24,982,244, 

6,264.496 

31,246,740 

1917-18 

41,001,811 

62.001,811 

Production  for  the  hyphenated  periods  is  the  yearly  average.  'I'U'.'  figures  for  1910-11  and  succeeding 
years  are  for  the  sugar  year,  which  covers  parts  of  two  years,  figures  since  1915  are  subject  to  slight  re- 
vision.    E.xports  of  molasses  in  1916  were  85,716,673  gallons. 

United  States  consumption,  per  capita  poiuids  a  year — (1865)  18.17;  (1870)*2.73:  (1880)  39.46:  (1890) 
50.72;  (1900)  58.91;  (1910)  79.90;  (1913)  85.71;  (1914)  89.14;  (1917)  88.3. 

U.    S.    SUGAR    IMPORTS    FROJM    AMERICAN    COLONIES. 


Ykar. 
(Fiscal.) 


From 
Porto  Rico 


Pounds. 

1865 51,604,718 

1860 106,360,235 

1867 91,918,924 

1868 10.5,845,851 

1869 111,615,991 

1870 130,712,197 

1871 149,219,683 

1872 167,582,316 

1873 122.657,581 

1874 98,871,248 

1875 114,583,612 

1876 70,289,275 

1877 62,784,202 

1878 73,978,123 

1879 84,706,761 

1880 84,070,596 

1881 50,533,363 

1882 78,788,027 

1883 83,940,670 

1884 138,382,724 

1885 159,799.898 

1886 93,002,688 

1887 131,443,622 

1888 115,654,059 

1889 81,340,747 

1890 1  76.926,934 

1891.... t  80.013.652 


From 
Hawaii. 


Pounds. 

2.434,644 

16,062,039 

}  .'■>,207,914 

18,271,258 

16,315.491 

14,016,181 

15,018,469 

15,360,184 

15,805,370 

13,582,874 

17,909,360 

20,978,374 

32,785,463 

.30,434,916 

41,696,674 

61,556,708 

76,907,207 

106,181,858 

114,132,670 

125,158,797 

169,652,603 

191,623,175 

218,290,835 

228,540,513 

243,324,683 

224,457,011 

312,2.55,016 


From 

Plillippine 

Islands. 


Pounds. 

15,877,773 

29,208,963 

22,251,699 

22,719,444 

35,544,844 

60,367,828 

50,950,793 

87,339,414 

70,142,113 

77,271,492 

119,309,951 

110,455,708 

161,089,740 

140,044,046 

112,450,478 

132,859,'?C9 

190,494,795 

163,658,156 

188,589,026 

295,235,883 

179,503,732 

292,082,214 

240,168,994 

274,809,392 

186,151,600 

259,775,540 

92,610,118 


Ye.vk. 

(Fiscal.) 


1892 , 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

190G 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917.. 

1918 


From 
i'orto  Rloo, 


Pounds. 

80,474,547 

99,617.911 

7.5,546,030 

50,352,954 

81,582,810 

86,607,317 

98,452,420 

107,208,014 

72,568,181 

137,201.828 

183.817.049 

226,143,508 

2.59,231,607 

271,319,993 

410,544,618 

408,149,992 

469,205,082 

488,452,733 

509,039,881 

645,834,403 

734,289,872 

765,420,310 

541,252,527 

588,922,493 

8^19,763,491 

977,377,996 

672,937.334 


From 
Hawaii. 


Pounds. 

262.612.405 

289,553.629 

326,574,584 

274,385,228 

352.176,269 

431.217.116 

499.776.895 

462,423,600 

504,713,105 

690,877,934 

720,553,357 

774,825,420 

736,492,092 

832,721.387 

746,602,637 

821,014.811 

1.077,570,637 

1,022,863,928 

1,110,594,466 

1,011,215,858 

1,205,466,510 

1,085,362,344 

1,114,750,702 

1,280,863,812 

1,137,159,828 

1,102,605,056 

1,080,908,797 


From 

Philippine 

Islands. 


Pounds. 

97,285,662 

122,413,780 

124,052,343 

68,770,492 

145,076,344 

72,483,577 

29,489,600 

51,626,28(1 

49,490.642 

4,693,333 

11,424.000 

18,773,333 

61,570,614 

77,997,424 

69,373,602 

25,164,756 

38,408,000 

83,648,000 

175,869,739 

230,351,485 

435,570,122 

203,160,972 

116,749,211 

326,842,29*! 

217,190,825 

267,891,954 

173,600,941 


The  Imports  from  the  colonies  are  included  in  previous  table  of  "Supar  Statistics." 

Dutiable  sugar  U.  S.  imports  (included  In  imports  above),  in  pounds — (1895)   1,127,279,779;  (1900) 

3,513,373,425;    (1910)    3,918.676,197.     Duty   collected— (1895)    376,462,836:    (1900)    8100,250,974;    (1910? 

$106,349,005.    Figures  in  the  two  foregoing  paragi'aphs  do  not  include  sugar  or  molasses  shipped  to  the 

United  States  from  Hawaii  and  Porto  Rico  alter  June  14, 1900,  and  May  1 .  1900,  respectively,  but  do  include 

those  articles  imported  from  the  Philippine  Islands  in  each  year. 

Willett  &  Gray  of  New  Yorli  estimate  tiie  raw  sugar  crops  of  the  world,  in  recent  years,  as  follows.  In 

long  tons  of  2,240  pounds: — 


Yeahs. 


1918-19. 
1917-18. 
1916-17. 
1915-16. 
1914^15. 
1913-14. 


1  Cont'l 
F.  S. 


852,241 
750,000 
734,577 
779,766 
646,257 
655,298 


Cuban. 


3,600,000 
3,200,000 
3,023,720 
3,007,915 
2,592,667 
2,597,732 


Porto 
RIcau. 


410,000 
475,000 
448,567 
431,335 
308,178 
325,000 


I/l.siana 
Cane. 


244,135 
225,000 
271,339 
122,768 
216,696 
261,337 


Years. 


1912-13. 
1911-12. 
1910-11. 
1909-10. 
1908-09. 
1907-08. 


Confl. 
U.  s. 


624,064 
541,101 
455,220 
450,595 
384,010 
440,200 


Cuban. 


2,428,537 
1,895,984 
1,483.451 
1,804,349 
1,513,582 
961,958 


Porto 
Rlcan. 


350,323 
320,000 
295,000 
308,000 
245,000 
200,000 


L'isiana 
Cane. 


137,119 
316,06e 
306,000 
325,000 
355,000 
806,924 


All  of  the  Cuban  crop  except  100,000  tons  is  exported  yearly.  Porto  Rico  ,«xi)orts  all  but  15,000  to 
30,000  tons.     The  United  States  beet  and  Louisiana  cane  crops  .are  consumed  in  the  United  States. 

Other  1918-19  estimates  (tons),  by  W.  &  G.:  Porto  Rico,  410,000;  Hawaii,  560,000;  total  number  Ameri- 
can (Including  Mexico,  Central  America  and  We.st  Indies),  6,202,635;  Asia,  5,314,000;  Australia  and  Poly- 
nesia, 356,000;  Africa,  585,000;  Europe  fSpaln),  6,000;  total  cane,  12.463,635.  Europe  (beet  sugar),  3,704jp(W; 
United  States  (beet  sugar,  included  in  table  above  as  zo  Continental  United  States),  635,000;  Canada  (beet 
sugar),  17,000;  total  cane  and  beet  sug.ir,  1C,.S19,635,  a  3ecre,T.«e  of  294,751  tons  from  preAioue  year's  produc- 
tion. 


250 


Annual  Loss  io  Die  United  States  Caused  by  Insects. 


UNITED    STATES    COFFEE    IMPORTS    SINCE    1830. 


Year 

Imports, 

Imports, 

Ye.vr 

Imporlb, 

Imports, 

Year 

Imports, 

Imports, 

(FI9CA1.) 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

(Fiscal) 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

(FISCAL) 

Pounds. 

Dollars. 

1830. . . 

51,488,248 

4,227,021 

1877.... 

331,639,723 

53,634,991 

1898.... 

870,514.455 

65,067.631 

1S40.... 

94,990,095 

8,546,222 

1878..    - 

309,882,540 

51,914,605 

1899... 

831,827,063 

55,275,470 

3850.    .. 

145,272.687 

11,234,835 

1879.. .. 

377,848,473 

47,350,819 

1900... 

787,991,911 

52,407,943 

1855. . 

191,478,057 

16,940,400 

1880.. 

446,850,727 

60,360,709 

1901...  . 

857,018,121 

63,104,646 

1860     . 

202,144,733 

21,883,797 

J881 

455,189,534 

66,784,»91 

1902.. .. 

1,092,344,170 

71,125,449 

1861... 

184,499,655 

20,568,297 

1882... 

4.59,922,768 

46,041,609 

1903 

923,2,53,821 

60,146,754 

1862  ... 

122,799,311 

14,192,195 

188'3...  . 

515,878,515 

42,050,513 

1904   .  .  . 

998,077,479 

09,988,202 

1863... 

80,461,614 

10,395,800 

1884... . 

634,785,.542 

49,080,705 

1905. . 

1,046,028,441 

84,710„383 

1864... 

131,022,782 

16,221,580 

1885.. .. 

•572,599,552 

40,723,318 

1900... 

853,799,615 

73,514,444 

1865... 

106,403,062 

11,241,700 

1880.... 

504,707.533 

42,072,937 

1907    .    . 

986,595,923 

78,382,823 

1866.... 

181,413,192 

20,531,704 

1887.... 

526,109,170 

50,347,000 

1908.      . 

892,092,410 

67,863.830 

1867.... 

187,23fi,.580 

20,096,259 

1888.... 

423,045,794 

60,507,030 

1909... 

1,051,749,705 

79,341.076 

1868... 

248,983,900 

25,288,451 

1889.... 

.578,397,454 

74,724,882 

1910...  . 

873,983.689 

69, .504.647 

1869. . . . 

254,100,993 

24.531,743 

1890.... 

499,159,120 

78,267,432 

1911.. . 

878,322,468 

90,949,963 

1870.... 

235,256,574 

24,234,879 

1891.... 

519,-528,432 

90,123,777 

1912. .. 

887,747,747 

118,233.958 

1871... 

317,992,048 

30,992,809 

1892... 

040,210,788 

128,041,930 

1913... 

860,053,699 

119,449,045 

1872... 

298,805,940 

37,942,225 

1893.... 

503.469,008 

80,485,558 

1914.    .. 

1,006,302,294 

111,454,240 

1873... 

293,297,271 

44,109,071 

1894.... 

5.50,934,337 

90,314,670 

1915..    . 

1,126,041,091 

107,794.377 

1874... 

285,171,512 

55.048,907 

1895.... 

652,208,975 

96,130,717 

1910... 

1,203,840,591 

115,905.134 

1875.... 

317,970,065 

.50,591,488 

1896. . . . 

580,597,915 

84,793,124 

1917.    . 

1,322,0.58,526 

133,513,226 

1876. . . . 

339,789,240 

56,788,997 

1897.... 

737,045,070 

81.544,384 

1918... 

1,143,890,889  103,058,536 

C'ollee  consumption  per  capita  per  year  cxpres.sed  in  poundH — (1830)  2."J8;  (1840)  5.06;  (1860)  5.60; 
(1860)  5.79;  (1870)  6.00;  (1880)  8.78;  (1890)  7.83;  (1900)  9.81;  (1910)  9.33:  (1913)  S.S5;  (1914)  10.06;  (1915) 
10.52;  (1916)  10.97;  (1917)  12.22. 

Tlie  coffee  flgures  .after  1900  include  imports  into  continental  United  States  and  sliipments  thereto 
from  non-contiguous  customs  districts.  Coffee  consumption  per  cai)ita  is  based  on  net  coffee  coming  to 
and  remaining  in  continental  Unlte<l  States. 

Tlie  United  States  has  exported  Brazilian  and  otl\cr  foreign  coffees,  in  pounds,  as  follows — (1913). 
7,134,041;  (1914)  13,811,301;  (1915)  70,952,754;  (1916)  75,817,516;  (1917)  57,502.893;  (1918)  58,276,437. 
fhe  value  of  the  coffee  exported  in  1916  wiw  89,108,500;  (1917)  87.930,082;  (1918)  .'$0,798,007.    < 

United  States  Imports  of  coffee  in  the  year  ended  June  -30,  1918,  included  5,761,964  bags  (743,960,000 
pounds)  from  Brazil,  as  against  7,056,650  bags  (',t07,200,000  pounds)  in  the  year  previous,  and  included^ 
also    166,293,000  pounds  from  Central  America  and  30,241,000  pounds  from  the  West  Indies. 

The  world's  visible  supply  of  coffee,  September  1,  1918,  was  nearly  12,000,000  bags  of  132  pounds  each, 
as  .a?ainst  9,251,942  bass  on  September  1,  1917.    Of  this,  2,239,380  biigs  were  at  New  York  City. 


TEA    DRUNK    IN    THE 


Year 
(Fiscal), 


1830 . 
1840 . 
1850 .  . 
1855 . 

1860 .  . 

1861 . 
18'62 . 
1863 .  , 
1864. . 
1865. 
I860.. 
1867 . . 
1868. . 

1869 . 

1870.  , 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 


Pounds. 


8.609,415 
20.006,595 
29.872,654 
25,333,097 
31,696,057 
26.117,956 
24.808,421 
29.761,037 
37,229,176 
19,568,318 
42,992,738 
39,802,058 
37,843,612 
43.754,354 
47,408,481 
51,364,919 
63.811,003 
64,815,130 
55.811,605 
64,856,899 
62,887.153 


Collar,-?. 


2.425,018 

5,427,010 

4,719,232 

6,973,999 

8,915,327 

6,977,28:-! 

6,545,004 

8,013,772 

10,549,880 

4,956,730 

11,123,231 

12.415,037 

11,111,500 

13,087,750 

13,803,273 

17,254,017 

22,943,575 

24,460,170 

21,112,234 

22,073,703 

19,524,106 


YEAR 

(Fiscal)  . 


UNITED 

Pounds. 


STATES    SINCE    1830. 


1877. . 

1.S7S.  , 

1879 .  . 

1880.  . 
1881. 
1882. . 
1883. . 
1S84. 
1885. . 
1880.'. 
1887. . 
1888. . 

1889.  . 
1890. . 
1891. . 
1892. . 

1893 .  . 

1894.  . 

1895.  . 

1890.  . 
1897 .  . 


58.347 
05,366 
60,194 
72,102 
81.843 
78,709 
73.479 
07,055 
72,104 
81,887 
89,831 
84,027 
79,575 
83,880 
83,4,53 
90,079 
89,001 
93,518 
97,253. 
93,998 
13,347 


112 
,704 
073 
930 
,988 
060 
104 
,910 
,956 
,998 
,221 
,870 
,984 
,829 
339 
03il 
,287 
717 
,458 
372 
,175 


Dollars. 


16,181.467 
15.660,168 
14,577,618 
19,782,631 
21,004,813 
19,392,102 
17,302,849 
13,030,053 
14,047,583 
10,020,383 
10,771,802 
13,360,685 
12.654,040 
12,317,493 
13,828,993 
14,373,222 
13,857,482 
14,144,243 
13,171,379 
12,704,440 
14,835,802 


Yeau 
(FISCAL)  . 


1898. 
1899. , 
1900. 
1901. , 
1902. . 
1903.  . 
1904. . 
1905.  . 
1900. . 
1907. 
1908  . 
1!M)9. 
1!II0.  . 
19 il  .  . 
1912  . 
1913. . 
J914. . 
1915. . 
1916. . 
1917. . 
1918.  . 


Pounds. 


71,957 

74,089 

84.845 

89,806 

75,579 

108,574 

112,905 

102,706, 

93,021, 

80,368, 

94,149, 

114,916, 

85,626, 

102,653, 

101,406, 

94,812, 

91,130, 

96,987, 

109,865, 

103,364, 

151,314. 


,715 
,899 
,107 
,453 
,125 
,905 
,541 
,599 
750 
490 
504 
,520 
370 
942 
816 
800 
815 
942 
935 
410 
932 


Dollars. 


,054,283 
,675,081 
558,110 
,017,876 
390,128 
,059,229 
ii29,310 
230,858 
,580,878 
915,544 
309,870 
502,676 
671,946 
613,569 
207,141 
433,688 
735,302 
512,619 
599,857 
265,264 
889,030 


Tea  consumption  per  capita  per  year  cxnressed  in  pounds — (1830)  0.53;  (1840)  0.99;  (1850)  1.22; 
(1860)  0.S4;  (1870)  1.10;  (1880)  1.39;  (1890)  1.33;  (1900)  1.10;  (1910)  0.89;  (1913)  0.95;  (1914)  0.90;  (1915) 
0.91;  (1916)  1.07;  (1917)  0.98.     Tea  consumption  figures  are  based  on  net  imports. 

Of  the  tea  imports  in  1917  China  sent  19,810,428  pounds,  and  Japan  .sent  52,418,963  pounds.  Up  to 
1906  China  sent  moi-c  than  Japan.  The  China  tea  came  to  New  York  by  v.  ay  of  Europe.  The  tea  imported 
at  Neif"  York  in  1917  was  of  the  following  varieties,  the  figures  representing  poimds — Formosa,  3,420,493; 
Foochow,  1,092,252;  Congou.  4,080,599;  India,  7,318,069;  Ceylon.  8,306,084:  Ceylon  blend,  3,794.126; 
Ceylon  green,  34,761;  JavE,  553,531;  Ping  Suey,  1,483,447;  country  green,  170,337;  Japan,  1,036,258;  Japan 
dust,  32.920;  scented  Pekoe.  3,900;  scented  Canton, — ;  Canton,  256,962;  Capers.  2,000;  total,  31,585,729. 

Foreign  tea  exported  from  the  United  States  In  poimds— (1913)  901,745;  (1914)  983,222;  (1915)  4,813,- 
878;  (1916)  790,474;  (1917)  625,315;  (1918)  3,936.007.  These  exports  were  valued  at  .S157.736  in  1916. 
ab  S196,803  in  1917,  and  $1,419,571  in  1918. 

Of  the  tea  imports  in  1918  Japan  sent  52,996,471  pounds;  British  East  Indies,  44,540,467  pounds; 
im(L  China,  21,082,800  pounds. 

Cevlon  In  1916  exported  202,482,959  pounds  of  tea,  more  than  half  of  it  to  Britain;  Java,  in  1916, 
c-cpovted  71,322,504  pounds;  India,  in  1910,  exported  235,210,686  pounds. 

ANNUAL  LOSS  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES  CAUSED  BY  INSECTS. 

(By  L.  O.  Howard,  Chief,  Burc-iu  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agrlcidture.) 
Farm  crops— Cereals.  $430,204,600;  hay,  8110,230,500;   cotton,  8140,631,100;  tobacco,  316,900,800; 

vegetables,  8199,412,600;  sugar  crops,  $8,430,800;  fruits,  8141,264,300;  farm-forest  products,  822,138,900; 

other  crops,  829,649,700;  farm  crop  t«tal,  81,104.809,300. 

Forests  arid  forest  products,  8100,000,000;  products  in  storage,  8100,000,000;  Insect-borne  diseases  of 

maa,  S150,000,000;  damage  to  domestic  animals,  $100,000,000:  grand  total,  $1,554,869,300. 


DigcatibiUty  and  Energy  of  Foods. 


•^51 


PACIFIC    COD    FlSHERIES-1863-1917. 

(By  the  United  States  Bureau  ol  Fisheries.) 

Tijvj  {oUowing  table  gives  a  couiplete  summary  of  all  the  codfish  seniirod  in  the  ve.=sel  and  shore  fisheries 
trom  tlie  inception  of  the  indu^^ry  and  carried  to  the  home  ports  In  Wasliington  and  California.  No  effort 
has  been  made  to  Include  tJie  cod  consumed  locally  in  Alasfea,  which,  in  the  agsrcgate,  amount.'*  to  con- 
siderable, as  it  forms  the  principal  article  of  diet  along  a  considei'able  stretch  of  Alaska's  coast  h'ne. 

srMM.\nY    OF    COD    CATCH — 1863-1917. 


Ykar. 


1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1860. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 


Vessel 
Fishery. 


N  timber. 

7,100 

54,500 

225,000 

724,000 

943,400 

680,000 

1,032,000 

1,467,000 

926,000 

305,000 

.503,000 

369,000 

362,000 

814,000 

779,000 

902,000 

1,301,000 

1,002,000 

907,000 


diioi'c,  ami 
ToUI. 


Numhrr. 

7,100 

.'J4..")00 

225,000 

724.000 

943.400 

580.000 

1,032.000 

l,467,00l> 

926,001; 

305,00'! 

503,0011 

3fi9,00lJ 

302,000 

844,000 

880.000 

1,127,0011 

1,499,000 

1,203,000 

1,061,000 


Ykah. 


Vessel 
Fishery. 


I  ,e.,s2 

i8.S3 

i  f;,S4 , 

iSS5 

I.'^'SG.  .  .^.  . 

1,«S7 

I8KS 

:  ,s',>;o 


IX'.IO.  , 

isru., 

1S92. . 
1893. . 
1894.. 
1895. . 
IS90. . 
1,S97.. 
1S08. , 
1899. 
1900. 


Number. 
1 ,038,000 
1 ,485,000 
1 ,373,000 
988,000 
800,000 
827,000 
674,000 
327,000 
365,000 
583,000 
775,000 
666,000 
698.000 
765,000 
837,000 
850,000 
342,000 
783,000 
817.000 


Shore,  and 
Total. 


Number. 

1,241,000 

1,720.000 

1,622,000 

1,374.000 

1,183.000 

1.126,000 

1,046.000 

816,000 
1,138,000 
1,245,000 
1,475,000 
1.326,000 
1,003,000 
1,051,000 

837,000 
1,361.000 

792.000 
1,505.000 
1,726.000 


YVUR. 


1 001 

1002... 

1003 

1 904 

!  OOu 

1906 

i  007 

1 908 ... , 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1<)13.  ..  , 

1914 

1915.  .  .. 

!9!(j 

1917 

Total. 


Vessel 

Fishery. 


Number. 
787,000 
1,229,000 
1.463.800 
1.546,524 
2,332,133 
2,492,618 
1.490.230 
2,028,000 
1,748,166 
1,291,500 
1,542,000 
1,348,000 
1,481,260 
2.283,202 
2,733,571 
2,640,744 
2.555,841 


(Sliojo,  and 

Total. 

j'lvniber. 

x: -toa.ooo 

2  MS,800 
;  '-48,624 
:^  1,14,133 

.••;./i;3,250 

;\()09,181 
■■'•  174,403 
;:,i,58,5Id 
l.',J74,975 
2. ',34,000 
2,345,93* 
2,285,357 
3.868,802 
3,801,588 
3..';73,669 
3.373,12* 


-.9,249,578  80.368,25* 


KECOUl)    OF   WRECKS    OF    CODFISH    VESSELS— 1877-1917. 


Name. 


Bront«s 

Sarah 

Nagay 

Gen.  Miller . . 
H.  L.  Tiernan 
Wild  Gazelle. 

Isabel 

Dash'g  Wave 
J.  Hancock .  . 

Anna 

Mary  and  Ida 

Pearl 

NellieColmaii 
Pirate  


Home 
Port. 


S.Fi-anciS'-o 
S.Fraiicisco 
Alaska .... 
SFranciSfO 
S.Franeiaco 
S.FranciafO 
S.Francisco 
S.Franoisco 
S.Fraucisco 
S. Francisco 
S.Franeisco 
S.F^'ancisco 
Seattle .... 
Alaska 


W  l\i-re 
A\  neked. 


Pojiof  Island 


.^l.niniaglii  Isls 


F'lmd'datsea 
nering  Sea..  . 


Bering  Sea..  . 
Unga  Island. . 


At  sea . 
Alyska . 


Date. 


1877 

1879 
Sum'er.  18S0 

1882 

18B2     '. 
Aug.  19,  1883 

1888 
April  16,  1891 
Mar.    7,  1893 

1902 
Feb.  23,  1901 

1905 

1905 

lOO'i 


N.VME. 


Marion , . 

Glen 

.I.F.Miller.,. 

Stanley 

Czarina 

Joseph  Russ. . 

J.D.Spreckels 

W.H.Dimond 
Nonpareil .  .  . 
Higlil'd  Que'n 
H.  Blekum... 
Hunter 


Home 
Port. 


S.JYanclsco 
S.Francisco 
S.Franeisco 
S.KranclBco 
S.I'Yancisco 
Anacortea, 
Wash . . . 
S.Franeisco 

S.Franeisco 
S.Francisco 


Anacortes , 
Anacortes 


Where 
Wrecked. 


Sannak  Isl . . . 
Unlmak  Isl. . . 
Unimak  Isl. . . 
Sannak  Isl.. . 
Nagal  Island . 

Chlrii;of  Isl .  . 
Run  down  off 
Cal.  coast.. 
Bird  Island .  . 
Shumaginlsls 
Shumaginlsls 
TJgak  Bay . 
Sutwick  Isl. 


.1  iatc. 


April  l\,\m 
Sept.  30,  1907 
Jan.  8,  1908 
Mar.  28,  1910 
Feb.  IE),  1911 

April  21, 1912 

Mar.  29,  1913 
Feb.    3,  J9M 

1915 
Ab't  Apr.  SO 
Mar.  3,1917 
Aug,  30, 1917 


Lives  lost — I.s.abel,  14;  Pearl,  30;  Nellie  Colniau,  30;  Glen,  1;  John  F.  Miller,  10;  StanleFi  4:  .Tosepb 
Russ,  1;  John  D.  Spreckels,  2;  Harold  Blekum,  4. 

THE    CATCH    OF    COD    ON    THE    PACIFIC    COAST    IN    1916   AND    1917. 


Year. 

Vessel 
Fi.shery. 

.Shore 
Fisherj'. 

Total. 

Y^EAB. 

Vessel 
Fishery. 

Shore 
Fishery. 

Total. 

1916 

1917 

2,640,744 
2,555,841 

932,925 
817,283 

3,.573,6n9 
3,373,124 

Previous  tot*! 

1      Total 

54,052,993 

25.368,468 

79,421,4«1 

59,249,578 

27.118.676 

86.368,254 

RECORD    OF   WRlCCiCS    OF    CODFISH    VESSELS. 

The  Northern  Fisheries,  Inc..  lost,  in  1917,  the  schooner  Harold  Blekimi,  wrecked  at  Ugak  Bay,  Kodiak 
Island,  March  3;  and  the  auxiliary  schooner  Hunter  was  lost  off  Sutwick  Island,  August  30.  Three  fisher- 
men were  drowned  and  one  accidentally  killed  while  engaged  in  this  industry,  a  total  lo.ss  of  four  men. 
No  losses  of  vessels  and  men  in  the  vessel  fisheries  were  reported  for  1916. 

The  Pacific  Coast  salmon  pack  in  1917  was  9,847.435  cases,  of  which  5,240,427  cases  was  ol  pink, 
humpback,  and  chum,  and  732.750  cases  was  sockeye.  Of  the  total  pack.  5,705,000  cases  came  from 
Alaska.  1,557,435  from  British  Columbia,  1.860,000  from  Puget  Sound,  and  570.000  from  Columbia  River 


OiCESTEBILITY    AND 

ENERGY    OF 

FOODS. 

Kind  ov  Food. 

Protein. 

P.  C. 
97 
97 
97 

97 

85 

7« 

Fat. 

Car- 
bohy- 
drates. 

Availa- 
bility of 
Energy. 

Kind  of  Food. 

Protein. 

Fat. 

Car- 
bohy- 
drates. 

Availa- 
bility 01 
finergy. 

Meat  and  flsh .  . 
Eggs 

P.  C. 
95 
95 
95 

95 
90 
90 

P.  C. 

98 
98 

98 

98 
"7 

P.   C. 

87 
89 
93 

89 
91 

83 

Sugars     and 

starches 

Vegetables 

Fruits 

P.  C. 

83 

85 

84 
92 

P.  C. 

90 
90 

90 
95 

P.  C. 

98 
95 
90 

97 

97     i 

P.  C 
9S 

Dairy  products. 
Total,       animal 

91 

88 

foods  of  mixed 
diet. .- 

Total   vegetable 
foods  of  mixed 
diet 

Cereals 

92 

Legumeg,  dried. 

Tot.al  food 

91 

%52       Cost  of  Producing  a  Quart  of  Milk  in  New  Enyland. 


MEAT    PRODUCTION    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(From  ;l;)ta  Swift  &  Co.  fiuni..^lic(l  the  Federal  Trade  Commission,  with  additions  by  the  firm  to  cover  1917.) 


10' 1 
Cattle . 
Calve  - . 
Sheeii . 
Hogs.. 


•    i:i! 
Cattu 
Calves 
Sheep 
Hcgs. . 


irjii 
Cat  t  If.. 
Calves 
.^heei) .  . 
Ho«9. . . 


191: 
Cattle.. 
Calves , 
Sheep . . 
Hogs.. . 


_  1913. 
Cattle... 
Calves.   . 


Number 
of  Head. 


13,650,245 

6.524,780 

14.730,552 

53.287,705 


13,815.000 

6,675.000 

16,122.000 

44,158,000 


13,490,000 

6.511,000 

18.216,000 

57.005,000 


12.821,000 

6.790,000 

19.461,(100 

56.044,uiK) 


12.338,(100 
5.667, 'MIO 


Dres-Sfd   \\  kIiI 
Carcass  (f^bs.) 


7,412,083,035 
685.102,5.30 
604.198,632 

8.206,306,570 


16,907,690.767 

7,501,645,000 
700,875.000 
661.002.000 

6.800.332,000 


15,663.754,000 

7,328,328,000 
683,655,000 
746,856,000 

8.017,370,000 


17.676,209.000 

6,961,803,000 
712,9.50.000 
797,901.000 

8.630,776.000 


17,103.430,000 

6,699,534,000 
595,035,000 


Other  Food 
Parts  (libs.) 


1,337,724,010 
03,290,424 
29,473,104 

1.332,192,625 


2.762,080,163 

1,3,53,870,000 
04,747,500 
32,244,000 

1.103,950,000 


2,.554,8ll,500 

1.322,008,000 
03,150,700 
30,432,000 

1,447,62.5.000 


2,809.821.700 

1.256.458,000 
65,863,000 
38.922,000 

1,401,100,000 


2,762,343,000 

1,209,124,000 
54.969,900 


Sheep 18,715,000 

Hogs .>9,652,000 


Number 
of  Head. 


1914. 
Cattle..  . 
C^alves. .  . 
Sheep .  .  . 
Uog.s 


101.: 

Claltle.. 

CillV(!.S. 

Sheep. . 
Hogs... 


1910. 
C'aUlc... 
Calve.s. .  . 
.Sliec)) .  .  . 
Hog.s,.-.. 


1017. 
Callle.  .  . 
C:ilves. .  . 
Slieop .  .  . 
Hogs.  .  . 


11,944.000 

5,000,000 

18,486,000 

.55,298,000 


12.645,000 

5,424,000 

15,865,000 

05,071,000 


14,087,000 

7.058,000 

15.500,000 

75,070,000 


18,351,000 

8,8.59,000 

12,143,900 

57,010,800 


Dressed  Wght 
Carcass  (Lbs.) 


767,315,000 
9,186,408,000 


17,248,292,000 

0,485,592,000 
531,300,000 
757,926.000 

8,515,892,000 


16,290,710.000 

C.866.236,000 

569,520,000 

650.465,000 

J  0.020,934,000 


18,107.154,000 

7.975,041,000 

741,090,000 

635,500,000 

11,560,780,000 


20,912,411,000 

9,964,918,800 
930,195,000 
497,899,900 

8,872,063,200 


20,265,076.900 


Other  Food 
Parts  (libs.) ' 


37,430.000 
1,491.300,000 


2.792.823.900 

1.170.512.000 
49.082,000 
36,972,000 

1,382,450,000 

2.639,016.000 

1,239,210,000 
52,612,800 
31,7.'lO,OO0 

1,626,775,000 


2,950.327,800 

1 ,439,326,000 
68.462,600 
31.000.000 

1,876,750,000 


3,415.538,000 

1,798,456.800 
85,932.300 
24,287.800 

1,440,270,000 


3.348.946.900 


NOTf; — The  basis  of  this  tJiblc  is  the  number  of  head  slaui-tliii'icd  in  inspected  houses.  From  this  is 
estimated  the  total  number  slaughtered  by  applying  tlie  percentage  of  lotal  .slaughtei'ed  in  inspected  hou.ses 
in  1909,  a"?  shown  btlow.  The  number  Qf  pounds  is  found  by  multiplying  the  number  of  head  by  ai.-erage 
dressed  weights  of  carcasses,  also  shown  below.  "Other  edible  portions"  include  such  things  as  hearts, 
livers,  ixlible  fats.  etc..  the  number  of  pounds  of  whicli  per  head  is  shown  in  following  statement: 


Pet.  of  Total 

in  Inspected 

Houses. 

Average 
Weight 
Dressed. 

Oth.  Edible 

Port'ns  Per 

Animal. 

Pet.  of  Total 

in  Inspected 

Houses. 

Average 
Weight 
Dressed. 

Otli.Fdibio 

Port'ns  Per 

Animal. 

Cattle 

Calves 

SO .  39 
35 .  40 

Povmls. 
543 
105 

Pounils. 
98. 

fi   7 

SIjcc-i) 

Hogs    

70 .  95 
.58 .  80 

Pounds. 
41 
154 

Pounds. 
o 

25' 

Csing  the  figures  of  total  meat  production  In  tliis  table  and  the  cen.sus  figures  of  population,  the  per 
capita  production  of  meats  for  Ciuh  .scar  from  1909  to  1910  was  as  follows: 


YE\K. 

Poimds, 

Yl.AK. 

Pounds. 

Yi;.<ii. 

Pounds. 

Vi:.vit. 

Pounds. 

1909 

217.2 
197.7  . 

1911 

219.1 

208.2 

1913 

206.5 
191.9 

1915 

210.0 

1910 

1912 

1914 

1916 

238.7 

Til;-  prices  of  meat  animals — hogs,  cattle,  sheep,  and  chickens — to  producers  of  the  United  States 
iacreast'l  2  per  cent,  from  August  15,  1918,  to  September  15,  1918;  in  the  last  eight  years  prices  increased 
IQ  like»(ieriod  2.7  per  cent.  On  September  15,  1918,  the  index  tigure  of  prices  for  these  me.i.t  animals  was 
:il)out  i;j.3  per  cent,  higher  than  a  year  ago;  73  per  cent,  higlier  than  two  year.s  ago,  and  86.4  per  cent, 
lileher  than  the  average  of  the  last  eight  years  on  September  15,  1918. 


COST    OF    PRODUCING 

(Uoston  C;iiamber  of 


A    QUART    ^F    MILK    IN     N 

D(  Commerce  Surve.v,  December  15, 


EV/     ENGLAND. 

1917.) 


.-<T.\TE. 

1916  10 
May,  1917. 

Sei)tember. 
1917. 

U.  S.  Dept. 

Agrlcult'al 

Method, 

Sept.,  1917. 

December, 
1917. 

U.  S.  Dept. 

Agrlcult'al 

Method, 

Dec,  1917. 

Average 

Product'n 

Per  Cow, 

1917. 

Average 

Producta 

Per  Cow, 

1910. 

Maine ' 

N'ew  Ky  mpshlre 

v'ermo-'i* 

.0562 
.0403 
.  0490 
.0647 
.0553 
.0531 

.0630 
.0525 
.0562 
.0746 
.0671 
.0587 

.0096 
.0.595 
.0610 
.0812 
.0718 
.0344 

.0062 
.  0567 
,       .0.504 
.0709 
.0682 
.0819 

.0728, 

.0023 

.  0654 

.0846 

.0750 

.0682 

5749  lbs 
5944  '■ 
5337   " 
5005  •' 
6009   ■' 
5605   " 

3823  Iba 
3758  " 
3982  " 

MUiPsaihusetts 

4525  ■• 
4188  " 

Weighted  average.  .  . . 

4055  ■' 

Nuiuber  of  farms,  8,50;  number  of  cows,  15,000;  liumber  of  quarts  milk,  40,325,587.  The  above  figures 
;epreseat  costs  at  the  country  raih-oad  station.  1 — Based  on  grain  at  356  per  ton,  the  average  New  England 
;etafl  price  as  obtained  from  60  retail  dealers  in  New  England  for  kinds  of  feed  approximating  a  balanced 
.atlon.  Labor  charge  not  increased  above  tho.se  of  Summer,  1917.  2 — Grain  cost  based  on  price  for  feeds 
ipproxiiiiatlng  a  balanced  ration  as  shown  by  quotations  of  December  15.  Average  S60  per  ton.  The 
LOSt  of  labor  was  based  on  the  prevailing  wage,  as  sb.owu  by  telegrams  received  from  the  agricultural  coUegea 
■  if  each  State.  December  15.  The  above  costs  are  a'gured  on  the  basis  of  year-round  costs  which  included 
samme'r  pasture.  The  cost  of  producing  milk  from  cattle  is,  therefore,  increased  or  decreased  dependk-^j 
iva^t'i't"  or  not  pasturage  Is  available. 


Live  Stock  in  the  United  States — January  i,  1918. 


253 


LIVE    STOCK   IN    THE    UNITED   STATES-JANUARY   1,    1918. 

(.000  omitted  for  both  numbers  and  values.) 
Data  complied  by  the  Department  of  Agricultui'e  at  WasIJngton. 


State. 


Malcc 

iNew  HampEbire. . 

Vermont 

Massachusetts. . . . 

Rhode  LslanU 

Connecticut 

New  York 

New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Delaware 

Maryland 

Virginia 

West  Virginia .... 
North  Carolina. . . 
South  Carolina . . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

Oldo 

.Indiana 

lUlnols 

Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Missouri 

iNorth  Dakota 

South  Dakota. . . . 

Nebraska 

Kan.sae 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

Mississippi 

Louisiana .-. 

Texas 

Oklahoma 

Arkansas 

Montana 

Wyoming 

Colorado 

New  Mexico 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

Idaho 

Washington 

Oregon 

California 

United  States. 


Horses. 


No. 

J  09 

45 

89 

57 

8 

45 

597 

90 

590 

36 

171 

365 

196 

187 

85 

130 

62 

883 

837 

1,467 

680 

708 

944 

1,583 

1,040 

842 

811 

1,049 

1,142 

443 

350 

153 

253 

207 

1,212 

737 

275 

606 

209 

399 

272 

135 

145 

75 

258 

309 

309 

468 


Dollars. 

17,767 

6,795 

12,816 

9,291 

1,240 

7,245 

86,565 

13,770 

74,340 

3,132 

17,442 

37,960 

20,776 

26,180 

13,260 

18,850 

7,874 

98,896 

87,885 

151,101 

80,240 

82,836 

99,120 

164,632 

100,880 

85,884 

77,045 

105,949 

118,768 

44,743 

38.150 

17,748 

25,300 

19,251 

93,324 

69,278 

26,675 

49,588 

17,138 

38,703 

16,864 

9.585 

12,905 

5,775 

25,542 

33,372 

30,282 

45,864 


Milch  Cows. 


No. 
170 
102 
295 
154 
21 
116 

1.524 
152 
960 
43 
181 
377 
245 
309 
193 
435 
145 
940 
713 

1,057 
874 

1,785 

1,328 

1,405 
910 
434 
556 
703 
945 
435 
373 
433 
508 
324 

1,128 

662 

425 

179 

04 

254 

88 

87 

96 

28 

139 

266 

227 

697 


Dollars. 

12,750 

8,070 

22,420 

13,860 

1,890 

9,860 

129,540 

13,680 

72,000 

2,7.52 

12,680 

21,489 

15,068 

15,759 

11,098 

22,533 

7,685 

69,560 

49,910 

85,088 

64,676 

133,875 

92,960 

107,764 

63,427 

29,946 

41,626 

55,186 

71,253 

26,535 

20,616 

20,668 

24,130 

16,038 

64,860 

38,047 

23,800 

14,946 

5,632 

20,828 

6,336 

7,396 

7,056 

2,380 

10.147 

18,620 

13.620 

43,282 


Other  Cattle. 


21,563  2,248,626  23,284  1,643,639  43,546  1.780.062  48,900 


No. 

127 

71 

189 

97 

12 

78 

1,005 

74 

717 

23 

134 

510 

373 

375 

232 

755 

891 

954 

757 

1,314 

752 

1,394 

1,540 

2,919 

1,782 

650 

1.438 

2,803 

2,354 

581 

654 

668 

644 

578 

4,660 

1,404 

638 

980 

891 

1,272 

1,179 

1,037 

457 

617 

488 

294 

683 

1,701 


Dollars. 

4.771 

2,840 

6,313 

3,618 

476 

3,198 

38,492 

3,078 

26,386 

823 

5,213 

19,227 

16,710 

9,300 

5,939 

16,761 

19,780 

41,690 

34.065 

65.306 

26.997 

46,420 

48,356 

139,820 

84,823 

27,040 

71.612 

138.188 

116.062 

22,659 

16.675 

13,627 

14,104 

13,988 

160.304 

61,638 

15,886 

54,978 

52,658 

63,854 

49,400 

41,998 

20.062 

23.937 

21.814 

10,684 

26,978 

71,612 


Sheep. 


No. 

163 

37 

100 

28 

6 

20 

840 

26 

013 

10 

234 

686 

751 

137 

31 

I'M 

120 

3,091 

998 

988 

1,926 

651 

668 

1,224 

1,466 

252 

750 

408 

418 

1,270 

606 

131 

174 

209 

2,188 

208 

149 

3,045 

4.100 

2,086 

3,135 

1,550 

2,340 

1,630 

3,202 

661 

2,448 

2,776 


Dollars. 

1,532 

392 

1,230 

i;88 

.57 

22S 

1,1,088 

283 

10,082 

90 

2,293 

7,203 

8.411 

904 

143 

60. 

408 

35.8.')8 

12,774 

12,745 

24,268 

7,747 

6,702 

16,891 

18,911 

2,974 

8,700 

4,488 

5,016 

14,224 

5,212 

590 

783 

857 

16,410 

2,3-50 

1,058 

38,307 

55,760 

26,284 

31,350 

16,120 

31,824 

22,657 

42,587 

7,535 

29,621 

31.369 


Swine. 


No. 

100 

56 

120 

113 

16 

64 

S42 

174 

1,291 

64 

388 

1,105 

422 

1.464 

966 

2.766 

1.375 

3,774 

4,168 

5,111 

1  372 

2.019 

2,241 

10,307 

4,708 

607 

1,504 

4,200 

2,560 

1.716 

1.634 

2,128 

1,902 

1.568 

3,068 

1,219 

1,643 

215 

54 

356 

86 

64 

102 

37 

219 

283 

309 

974 


577,867  71,374  1,392,276 


Dollars, 
2,300 
1,400 
2,664 
2.599 
400 
1,604 
19,871 
4,669 
28,789 
1,088 
0,208 
15,360 
6,752 
26,034 
i  4,973 
40,107 
14,575 
■/  7,367  ■ 
64,194  • 
112,442 
27,166 
!. 5,024 
•52,064 
ii9,429 
87,098 
.10,646 
35,344 
102,480 
.■)3,760 
24,882 
.34,510 
30,858 
28,630 
21,325 
43,259 
20,723 
22,180 
4,408 
1,107 
7,120 
1,360 
1,152 
2,040 
703 
4,161 
5,660 
5,408 
17.045 


The  total  number  of  stock  hogs  In  the  United  States  ou  September  1, 1918,  was  estimated  at  65,006,000, 
as  against  60,218,000  on  September  1,  1917. 

-Hog  market  receipts  at  twelve  Important  interior  cities,  Including  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Denver,  Fort 
Worth,  Indianapolis,  Kansas  City,  Omaha,  Portland,  St.  Joseph,  St.  Louis,  St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City:  {191.3> 
23,666,000;  (1914)  22,301,000;  (1915)  25,767,000;  (1916)  30,939,000;  (1917)  26.171,000;  (1918)  January, 
2,968,000;  February,  3.134,000;  March.  3,183,000;  April,  2,674,000;  May,  2,360,000;  June,  2,108,000;  ,Iuly, 
2,270,000;  total  for  six  mouths  of  1918,  16,427,000,  as  against  15,040,000  in  the  first  six  months  of  1917 

MULES  ON   FARMS. 
(.000  omitted.) 


STAIT!. 

No. 

Value. 

State. 

No. 

Value. 

State. 

No. 

Value. 

State. 

No. 

Value. 

N.  Y. ... 

5 

S79o 

Ohio.  ... 

26 

S3,0f,8 

Kan 

280 

S33.040 

Col 

26 

-■«2,808 

N. J.... 

4 

696 

lud 

95 

11,305 

Ky 

224 

27,328 

N.  M.... 

19 

1.691 

Pa...... 

48 

6,624 

lU 

150 

18,000 

Tenu 

273 

35,763 

Ariz 

9 

972 

Del 

6 

690 

Mich.... 

4 

476 

Ala 

289 

40,749 

Utah 

2 

164 

Md 

25 

3,100 

Wis 

3 

351 

Miss 

307 

38,068 

Nev 

3 

240 

Va 

65 

8,320 

Minn.... 

6 

666 

La 

156 

21,060 

Idaho .  . . 

4 

420 

W.Va... 

12 

1,392 

Iowa. . . . 

69 

8,004 

Texas.  . . 

808 

86,456 

Wash. . . . 

19 

2,223 

N.  C... 

207 

34,669 

Mo 

367 

41.471 

Okla 

276 

31,464 

Ore 

10 

1.020 

8.C 

Ga 

Fla 

179 

334 

33 

34.368 

60,464 

6,676 

N.  D 

S.  D 

Neb 

9 
16 

118 

1,089 

1.74.1 

13,334 

Ark 

Mont..., 
Wyo .... 

263 
6 

4 

32,875 
525 
416 

Cal 

66 

7,590 

U.  S.  -  . 

4,824 

621,064 

The  number  not  on  farms,  i.  e.,  in  cities  and  villages,  is  not  estimated  yearly,  but  their  number  in 
1910  as  reported  by  the  Census  was:  Horses,  3,183,000;  mules,  270,000;  cattle,  1,879,000;  sheep.  3i>1.000; 
ewiue,  1,288,000.  The  Census  of  1910  also  reported  106,000  asses  and  burros  on  farms  and  17,000  not 
on  farms;  2,915,000  goats  on  fanns  and  115,000  not  on  farms. 

According  to  Kimball's  Dairy  Farmer,  a  cow  named  Lutsche  Vale  Cornucopia,  of  the  Holstein  breeflj 
has  produced  31,239  pounds  of  milk  in  a  year.  A  Jersey  cow,  Lass  66th.  produced  17.793  pounds  o?  mills 
in  a  year.  A  Guernsey  cow,  Murue  Cowan,  gave  24,008  pounds;  an  Ayrshire,  Garclaugh  May  Mischief, 
produced  25.328  pounds;  and  a  Brown  Swiss,  College  Eraxiira  2d,  produced  19,460  pounds  in  top  max} 
yearly  period. 


§5  4. 


German  Capital  in  Russia. 


LIVE    STOCK    ON    FARMS    IN    UNITED    STATES-1S@7<  191 3. 

(By  the  United  States  Department  of  ABricultiirc.) 


JA        ART    1. 


3S67-.  .  . 
j(&68..  , 
1869 . . . 
31870.., 
3871. . 
1872 . . , 
J1873 .  .  , 
J874.. 
S875.. 
J876.. . 
S877.  .. 
1878. . 
1379. . 
1880. . 
1881. . 
8882 . . 
J883 . . 
XS84 . . 
S885.. 
JiS86.  . 
S887 . . 
i888.. 
51889.  . 
S39Q. . 
3891 . . 
•4892 .  . 
J893 . . 
i894 .  . 
3896. . 
J -896  . 
J897.. 
SS98 . . 
8899. . 
1900.. 
1901 . . 
1902 . . 
1903.. 
1904 . . 
1905.. 
.1906 .  . 
.1907 .  . 
1908.. 

1909 .  . 

1910 .  . 
1911. 
1912 . . 
1913 . . 
1914 . . 
1916. . 
1916.. 
1917.. 
1918.. 


Total  Value. 


Dollars. 
997,454,000 
922,104,000 
1,137,510,000 
1,518,405,000 
1,643,494,000 
1,527,924,000 
1,511,885,000 
1,481.106,000 
1,458,337,000 
1,460,386,000 
1,468,668,000 
1. 534,297,000 
1.444,102.000 
i.570,917,.15fi 
1,721,795.2.52 
1,906,468.252 
2,338,2 1. '.768 
2,467,808,924 
2,456,428,383 
2,365.159,862 
2,40O..58G,!i3S 
2,409,013,418 
2,507,050,0,58 
2,418,766.028 
2,329,787,770 
2,461,7.55,698 
2,483.500,681 
2,170,816,7,54 
1,819.440,;;OD 
1,727,920,084 
1,055,414,612 
1 ,888,6,54,925 
1,997,010.407 
2,228,123,134 
:?, 01 1,254,076 
2,989,170,150 
.H,102,515,540 
2,998,247.479 
3,006,.58O,737 
3,675,380,442 
4.423,697,853 
4,331,230,000 
4.525,259,000 
5,138,480,000 
5,276,438,000 
5,008,327.000 
5.501,783,000 
5,891,229,000 
5,969,253,000 
6,020,670,000 
6,735,612,000 
8,263„524,000 


Cattle. 


Nvjnbcr. 

20,079.725 

20,634,0.52 

21,433,099 

25,484,100 

26,235,200 

26,693,300 

26,989,700 

26,923,400 

27,220,200 

27,870,700 

29,216,900 

30,523,400 

33,234,500 

33,258,000 

33,307,303 

35,891,870 

41,171,762 

42,547,307 

43,771,295 

45.510,630 

48,033,833 

49,234,777 

50,331.142 

.52,801, v)07 

.52,895.230 

.54 ,06  7, .596 

52,378,2,83 

53,095,.56S 

50,868,845 

48,222,995 

40,450,135 

45,105,083 

43,984,340 

43,902,414 

62,333,870 

01,424..599 

61,764,433 

61,049,315 

61,241,907 

66,861, .522 

72,533,996 

71.267,000 

71,099.000 

69,080,000 

60,502,000 

.57,969,000 

56,527,000 

,56,592,000 

58,329,000 

01,920,000 

64,583,000 

66,830,000 


Horses. 


NuMber. 
5.401,263 
5,756,940 
6,332,793 
8,249,000 
8,702,000 
8,990,900 
9,222,470 
9,333,800 
9,504,200 
9,735,300 
10,1,55,400 
10,329,700 
10,938,700 
11,202,000 
11,429.626 
10,52 -,-).54 
10,.S.38,i!0 
11,169,683 
11,564„572 
12.077,657 
12,496,744 
13,172,936 
13.603.294 
14.214,000 
14,0.56,7.50 
15,498,110 
1 6,200,802 
10,081,139 
15.893,318 
15,124,057 
14.364,667 
13,060,911 
13.665,307 
13,538.000 
16.744.723 
10, .531,224 
16,.557,373 
16,736,059 
17,057,702 
18,718,578 
19,746,583 
19,992.000 
20,640,000 
21,040,000 
20,277,000 
20,509,000 
20,507,000 
20,902,000 
21,195,000 
21,159,000 
21,210.000 
21,503,000 


Sheep. 


Number. 

39,385,386 

38,991,912 

37,724,279 

40,853,000 

31,851,000 

31,679,300 

33,002,400 

33.938,200 

33,783,600 

35,935,300 

35,804,200 

35,740,500 

38,123,800 

40,766,000 

43,569,869 

45,016,224 

49,237,291 

50,626,626 

50,360,243 

48,322,331 

44,759,314 

43,544,755 

42.599,079 

44,336,000 

43,431,136 

44,938,365 

47,273,553 

45,048,017 

42,294.064 

38,298.783 

36.818.643 

37,656,960 

39,114.453 

41,883,000 

59,756,718 

62,039,091 

,53,964,876 

51,630,144 

45,170,423 

50,631,619 

53,240,282 

54,631,000 

56,084,000 

57,216,000 

53,633,000 

52,362,000 

51,482,000 

49,719,000 

49,966,000 

48,625,000 

47,616,000 

48,900,000 


Mules. 


Number. 
822,386 
855.685 
921.662 
1,180,000 
1.242,300 
1,276,300 
1.310,000 
1,339,350 
1,393,750 
1,414,500 
1,443,500 
1,637,500 
1,713,100 
1,7.30,000 
1,720,731 
1,835,169 
1,871,079 
1,914,126 
1,972,569 
2,052,593 
2,117,141 
2,191,727 
2.257,574 
2,331,000 
2,296,532 
2,314,699 
2,331,128 
2.352,231 
2,3.33,108 
2,278,946 
2,215,654 
2,190,282 
2.134,213 
2,086,000 
2,864,458 
2,757,017 
2,728,088 
2,757,910 
2,888,710 
3,404,061 
3,816,692 
3,869,000 
4,053,000 
4,123,000 
4,323,000 
4,362,000 
4,386,000 
4.449,000 
4.479,000 
4,593,000 
4,723,000 
4,824,000 


bwlne,     >i 


Number. 

24,693,.534 

24,317,258 

23,316,476 

26.751.400 

2'>  457,500 

31,796.300 

32,632,050 

30,860,900 

28,062,200 

25,726,800 

28,077,100 

32,262.500 

34,766,100 

34,034,100 

36,247,683 

44.122,200 

43,270,086 

44,200,893 

45,142,657 

46,092,043 

44,012,836 

44,346,525 

50,301,592 

51,003,000 

60,625,106 

52.398,019 

40,094,807 

45,208,498 

44,165,710 

42,842.769 

40,600.276 

39.759,993 

38.651.631 

37,079,000 

86,982,142 

48,698,890 

46,922,624 

47,009.367 

47,320,511 

52,102,847 

54,794,439 

56,084,000 

54,147,000 

47.782,000 

65,620,000 

65,410.000 

61.178.000 

58.983.000 

64,618,000 

67.766,000 

67,503,000 

71,374,000 


^  (.'Mckens  on  tainus,  1910,  were  estim.ated  to  number  282,000,000;  other  fowls,  11,000,000:  eggs  laid  in 
1910,  1,591,311,371  (ionens;  of  the  hens,  22,700,000  were  clucking  in  Iowa.  20,600,000  in  Illinois,  20,000,000 
in  Missouri,  17,000,000  in  Ohio,  13,200,000  in  Indiana,  15,300,000  in  Kan.sas,  10,300.000  in  Minnesota, 
12,^''i  000  in  Pennsjlvania,  12,900,000  in  Texas  and  10,300,000  in  New  York.  There  were  more  than 
t'.OOO.iiOO  eacll  in  Michigan,  Ncliraslw  and  Wisconsin. 


LENGTH    OF    TIME    DIFFERENT    FOOQU    REMAIN    IN    THE    STOMACH. 


Apples,  sweet 

.  .Raw 

H. 

I 

1 

9 

M. 
30 
30 
30 
00 
45 
45 
30 
30 
30 
00 
30 
00 
00 
00 
30 
00 

Liver  (calves')  .  .  . 

Lanil) 

Milk 

Mutton 

Nuts 

. . .  .Fried  or  sauteed.  .  . . 

....Grilled 

Raw 

Boiled  and  broiled.  , 

H. 

..  2 
..   2 
..   3 
.  .   3 
5 

M. 
?0 

Asparugiis 

..Boiled..    . 

30 

Beans 

..Boiled..    . 

I*; 

Beef,  lean 

3 

00 

Beef,  fresh  salted.  . 

...Boiled 

Boiled. 

2 
3 

00 

Beets 

Oysters 

Onions 

Pork,  fat 

Pork,  salt 

Potatoes 

Raw 

Stewed 

Roasted 

Boiled..    . 

.  .   2 
..   3 
..   5 

55 

Bread,  fresh. 

. . . Baked 

3 

30 

Cabbage 

. . .  Pickled 

4 

1 

15 

Celery 

. . .  Boiled 

\^ 

Chicken 

...Boiled 

2 
3 

. . .  .Fried  or  baked 

2 
.    3 

Cheese,  old 

Rice 

Sausage 

Tripe 

Trout 

Turkey 

Veal 

Boiled 

....  Grilled 

00 

Duck 

. . .  Roasterl 

. . .  R  aw 

2 

;;;;;  2 
3 

^0 

Eggs,  f'resh 

Boiled. 

I 

00 

Eggs.  Liesh 

. .  .Soft  boiled 

....Boiled 

Roasted 

.  . .  .Roasted  or  grilled. .. 

..    I 
..    2 
..   5 

30 

Fish,  not  fat 

...Boiled 

; . . . .  1 

30 

Ffeh,  aotfat 

...Fried 

3 

00 

GERMAN    CAPITAL    IN    RUSSIA. 

(L'Economiste  Europeeu,  September  6,  1918.) 

ACCORDIK'O  to  an  authoritative  source.  German  capilal  interested  in  Russhfu  enterprises  anioii'it3  to 

814,000,000  riible*.  disnibuted  as  follows  .lutong  the  ^•ii^lous  industries:     Gas  and  electricity.  119,000,000 

riibltjs;  petroleum,  62,620,000  rubles;  metallurgical  works,  71.450,000  rubles:  machinery  works,  39,640,000 

rubles;  textile  Industry.  82,400,000  rubles:  coal  (nines,  31,5SO,noo  rubles;  chemical  indiistr}*.  16,500,000  rabies.  ■ 


Average  Prices  Received  by  Producers  of  the  United  States.       ^55 


FARM    WEALTH    OF   THE    UNITED   STATES-187S 

-1917. 

Calendar 

Year. 

Value  of 

Crops 
Produced. 

Value  of 

Live  Stock 

Products. 

Total  Gross 

Wealth 
Produced. 

Calendab 
Ye.\b. 

Value  oX 

Crops 
Produced. 

Value  ol 

Live  Stock 

Produets. 

Tov-iGroan 

Wealth 
Produced. 

1879 

1,000  DoU. 

1,000  Dols. 

1,000  Dols. 
2,212,54! 
2,460,107 
4,717,070 
5,009,.-i95 
5,302,120 
5,594,645 
5,887,170 
6,121,778 
6,273,997 
6,764,210 

•  7,487,989 

1908 

1S09 

1910 

1,000  Dols. 
5,098,293 
5,487,161 
5,486,374 
5,562,058 
5,842,220 
6,132,759 
6,111,684 
6,907,187 
9,054,469 
13,610.463 

1,000  Dols. 
2,792,333 
3,011,150 
3,551,017 
3,257,117 
3,.500,570 
3,716,754 
3,783,277 
3.868,304 
4.351,905 
5,833,386 

t.0(k,  DoU. 

7,*;90,626 

<S.4it8,31i 

f,!;37,391 

S..S19,176 

9,:h42,790 

9,H49,513 

9,.S94,961 

10,774,491 

13,406,364 

19,413,849 

1889 

1899 

2,998,704 
3,191,942 
3,385,179 
3,578,416 
3,771,654 
3,981,676 
4,012.653 
4,263: 134 
4,761,112 

i,718,3f>G 
1,817,653 
1,916,941 
2,016,229 
2,115,516 
2,140,102 
2,261,344 
2,501,076 
2,726,877 

1900 

ion 

1901 

1912 

1902., 

1913 

1903.. 

1914 

3904 

1015 

igO.'i 

1916 

1S0<5       

1917     . 

1907 

POTATO    CROPS    OF    THE    WORLD. 

(By  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture.) 

DunvN'G  the  five-year  pcsriod,  1909-1913,  the  world's  potato  crop  averaged  about  a,471,000,0(M)  liusheb- 
aiinually,  ranging  hetwecn  4,842,000,000  bu.shels  in  1911  and  5,873,000,000  bushels  in  1912.  Of  th(^  :iveragi- 
yearly  production  during  this  period,  a  total  of  2,692,000,000  bughels,  or  49%,  was  furnished  !i  ■  the  10 
countries  named  "oclovv.  In  1917,  these  10  countries  protluced  2,734,156,000  bushels  oi  potatow,  or  50% 
ol  the  average  ai)iiual  production  during  1909-1913. 


COUNTRY. 

1917. 

1916. 

1915. 

COnNTRT. 

1917. 

1916. 

!315. 

United  States . . . 

Bushels. 

442,536,000 

79,892,000 

321,165,000 

401,336,000 

55,115,000 

36,923,000 

89,8r.S.O0O 

Bushels. 

286,953,000 
63,297,000 
204,172,000 
335,507,000 
54,277,000 
39,006,000 
8S,4!!O.i1O0 

Bushfls. 

359,721,ai>J 
62,604.000 

281,502,CrK) 

332,788,000 
56,768,000 
35,103,000 

126,741.000 

Norway 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland .... 
Germany 

Total 

Bushels. 

27,733,000 

113,477,000 

64,558,000 

36,376,000 

1,580,000,000 

Bushels. 
29,189,000 

Jinshels. 
!'),957,000 

United  Kingdom 
France 

54,972,000 

18,000,000 

882,000,000 

78,806,000 
::'J, 672,000 

Xtaly    

1,984.140,000 

Netherlands 

2,734,156,000 

1,720,356,000 

3,044.014,000 

♦Figures  for  Germany  for  19IC  i.i.i'.  10;7  .are  unofficial. 

1918  United  States  Production,  J^siimated  by  Goveinraent — Wliite  potatoee,  384,529,000' l/ushels: 
Bveeet  potatoes,  81,016,000  bushels.  .    . 


AVERAGE  PRICES  RECEIVED  BY  PRODUCERS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CJ 

i 

c. 

xi 

fJm 

i 

i 

BO 

S  . 

A 

^  • 

g. 

o     _I 

JAN.    15. 

mo 

1-3 

J3 
CO 

o 
1 

So 

i 

1 

^■2 

Oi^ 

hSco 

3s 
5^ 

§1 

Om 

s 

Cott 
Seed 
Mea 

1910 

7.76 

4.71 

6.41 

5.63 

6.82 

24.5 

41  IS 

140 

0.94 

2.23 

8.26 

26.20 

32.33 

1911 

7.44 

4.. 58 

6.50 

4.47 

5.71 

17.3 

44.70 

143 

1.01 

2.20 

8.27 

4.12 

26.35 

24.92 

31.83 

1912 

5  74 

4.46 

6.06 

3.89 

5.22 

16.2 

42.89 

134 

1.17 

2.38 

10.89 

6.99 

16,57 

27.39 

30.42 

1913 

6  77 

5.40 

7.06 

4.35 

6.03 

18.6 

49.61 

140 

.82 

2.26 

9.41 

1.79 

7.66 

21.98 

25.24 

30.97 

1914 

7  45 

6.04 

7.89 

4.67 

6.16 

15.7 

,57.99 

137 

1.21 

2.17 

7.99 

2.07 

6.55 

22.70 

26.53 

32. 4» 

1915 

6.57 

5.99 

7.66 

4.95 

6.47 

18.6 

.58.47 

130 

.89 

2.63 

8.51 

2.63 

7.61 

19.14 

27.91 

29.. 5a 

1916 

6  32 

5.85 

7.67 

5.52 

7.29 

23.3 

.57.79 

128 

1.13 

3.47 

10.27 

3.06 

8.84 

36.85 

25.93 

37.03 

1917 

9.16 

6.86 

9.15 

7.33 

9.59 

31.8 

63.92 

129 

2.08 

6.71 

y.60 

2.44 

v.yv 

62.63 

32.76 

42.95 

1918 

1520 

S.33  11.16 

10.55 

13.83 

58.1  76.54 

130 

1.79 

7.00 

14.48 

3.57  10.14167.51 

41.32 

.55.93 

The  figures  represent  cents  per  pound,  or  dollars  per  100  pounds.  In  the  cases  of  hogs,  cattle,  calves, 
Bheep  and  lambs;  cents  per  pound  as  to  wool;  dollars  per  head  for  cows  and  horses;  dollars  per  bushel  ae 
to  onions,  beans  and  all  seeds  but  cotton;  dollars  per  ton  as  to  bran  and  cotton  seed  meal;  cotton  seed  prices 
are  dollars  per  ton. 

Average  prices  received  by  producers  August  15,  1918 — Hogs,  16.89;  beef  cattle,  9.71;  veal  calves. 
12  22;  pheep,  10.99;  lambs,  14.20;  wool,  57.4;  milch  cows,  84.06;  horses,  131.43;  onions,  1.65;  beans,  6.11; 
clover  seed,  15.20;  timothy  .seed,  3.87;  alfalfa  seed,  9.88;  cotton  seed,  61.34;  bran,  39.63;  cotton  seed  meal, 
65.60. 


,lAN.    1. 

O 

a 

O 

cn 

0 

U 

i 

1  *^ 

O  X 

^•0 

i 

< 

1 

1 

0 
0 

1 

EO 

It 

1910 

103.4 

88.6 

88.0 

75.2 

81.0 

107.8 

102^8 

150.3 

201.9 

62.3 
48.2 
62.2 
48.9 
69.6 
66.2 
62.1 
90.0 
134.8 

42.8 
33.2 
45.1 
32.2 
39.1 
45.0 
39.1 
51.4 
73.9 

57.6 
59.8 
86.4 
49.9 
52.2 
54.3 
54.9 
87.1 
126.5 

74.8 
73.3 
82.7 
63.8 
62.5 
90.2 
85.3 
118.5 
170.3 

70.0 
65.8 
73.7 
66.8 
76.6 
77.9 
81.5 
117.2 
162  7 

56.0 
54.1 
84.5 
50.6 
68.4 
49.7 
70.6 
147.3 
121.0 

■75.6 

83.0 
80.4 
79.2 
79.0 
64.9 
90.1 
117.2 

171.2 
221.1 
187.1 
106.2 
124.2 
134.8 
185.9 
260.7 
310.8 

ios.o 

89.4 

73.4 

107.1 

68.0 

79.7 

101.1 

128.8 

11.37 

12.24 
14.85 
11.86 
12.42 
11.29 
10.94 
10.86 
18.09 

14.6 
14.4 

8.4 
12.2 
11.7 

6.6 
11.4 
17.1 
28.9 

28.7 
27.8 
28.1 
28.4 
29.2 
28.7 
28.3 
34.0 
43.1 

30.5 
30.4 
29.5 
26.8 
30.7 
31.6 
30.0 
37.7 
46.3 

10.9 

1911 

10.5 

1912 

9. a 

1913         

10.7 

1914 

11.5 

1915 

11.2 

1916 

11.* 

1917 

1OT8 

13.9. 
17.9 

Maximum  market  prices — Hogs,  Connecticut,  $19.20;  beef  cattle,  Rhode  Island,  $11;  veal  calves, 
Maryland,  $15;  sheep,  Oregon,  S12;  lambs,  Colorado,  S15.80;  wool,  Ohio,  70  cents;  milch  cows,  Connecticut, 
$106;  horses,  Coimecticut  and  Maine,  $200;  apples,  Wyoming,  52.70;  cabbage.  North  Dakota,  South 
Dakota,  and  Oklahoma,  S4;  onions,  Wyoming,  $3;  beans,  llUnols,  $9.90;  corn,  Rhode  Island,  J2.60;  v/heat, 
Georgia,  $2.73;  oats,  Arizona,  31.28;  barley,  Rhode  Island,  $2;  rye,  Texas,  32.12;  potatoes,  South  Carolina, 
$2.14;  sweet  potatoes.  New  Mexico,  $2.30;  hay,  Arizona,  $26;  cotton,  Florida,  M  cents;  butter,  Rhode 
Island  and  New  Jersey,  62  cents;  eggs,  Mas.saehusetts,  66  cents. 


mi 


Value '  of  Plow  Lands  in  United  Siale,s. 


VALUE    OF    FARM    PROPERTY    IN    THE    U.    S.-1850-1910. 

(By  the  Census  Bureau ) 


'.  ENsus  Year 

All  Farm 
Property 

Land 

Buildings 

Implements  and 
Macblnery. 

Live  Stock. 

5850     

S3.967.343,580 
7,980,493,063 
8.944.857.749 
12,180,501,538 
16,082,267,689 
20,439,901,164 
40,991,449,090 

S3,271,.575,420 
0,645,045,007 
7  444,054,402 
10,197,096,770 
13,279,252,049 
13.058,007,995 
28,475,674,169 

S3,550,b39,496 
6,:!2.-..451..528 

S151.587.638 
246.118.141 
270,913.678 
406,520.055 
494,247,467 
749,775,970 

1,'265,1*9,783 

$544  180,516 

J860 .  . 

8870 

1,089-329,915 
1,229.889.609 

\ J880   

SS90   

S900 

1910 

1.576.884,707 
2.308,767,573 
3.075.477.703 
4.926.173,610 

Until  1900  land  and  buildings  were  not  sepaiatciy  stateu;  iiKlimlug  only  the  reported  value  ol  live 
stock  on  farms  until  1870;  including  estimated  value  of  live  .stock  cm  ruiiges;  explu.slve  ol  Alaska  and  Hawaii 
after  1890;  including  value  ol  live  stock  on  ranges  as  well  a.s  on  faims  until  1900;  exclusive  of  Porto  Kico 
■in  1910. 


Ci;N8us 
Year. 

No.  of 
Farms. 

Im- 
proved. 

Unim- 
proved. 

Total. 

Census 
Ye  m< 

No.  ol 
I'aims 

Im- 
proved 

Unim- 
pioved 

Total 

3850    

!860      

8870        

J880 

1.449.073 
2,044,077 
2,659,985 
4,008,907 

Acres. 
113,032,614 

163,110,720 
188,921,099 
284.771,042 

Acres. 
180,528,000 
244,101,818 
218,813,942 
251,310,793 

A  CI  es. 
293,560,614 
407,212,538 
407,735,041 
536,081,835 

1890 
1900 
1911)    . 

4,564,641 
5,737.372 
6.3tf!,W2 

Acres.       Acres. 
357  616.7.55  265,601,864 
411,498,487  424,093,287 
478,451,750,400  346,575 

Acres. 
623,218.61» 
838,591.774 
878,798.325 

Xot  including  forms  of  less  than  three  acres  which  reported  the  sale  of  less  than  S500  worth  ol  products 
lu  the  census  years  .since  1860;  exclusive  of  Alaska  and  Hawaii  since  1890;  exclusive  of  Porto  Rico  since  1910. 


FARM   ACREAGE   AND   V 

iil.UE,   BY    STATES,    1910 

States 

Ko.  ol 
Fnrm.s. 

Acreage 
ol  Farms. 

Total  ValiiL- 

States 

No.  of 
Farms 

Acreage 
of  Farms. 

Total  Value. 

\labama 

202,001 

20,732,000 

5370.138,000 

Nebraska 

129.678 

38,622,000 

52,079,818,000 

Arizona 

9.227 
214,078 

1.246.000 
17.416,000 

75,123,000 
400,089,000 

Nrvada 

New  Hamp.shire 

2,689 
27.053 

2,714.000 
3.249.000 

60,399,000 

.\rkansas 

103,704,000 

California 

88.197 

27,931,000 

1.614.094,000 

New  .Jersey . 

33,487 

2,573,000 

254.832,000 

Colorado 

46.170 

13,532.000 

491.471.000 

New  Mexico 

36.670 

11,270,000 

159.447,000 

IJonuectlcut 

26.815 

2,185,000 

159,399.000 

New  York ,    ... 

215,597 

22,030,000 

1,451.481.000 

Delaware 

10,836 

1,038,000 

63,179.000 

North  Carolina  . 

.253,725 

22,439,000 

537.716,000 

Diet,  of  Col 

217 

6,000 

8,476,000 

North  Dakota 

74,360 

28,426,000 

974,814.000 

florldn     

50.016 

5,253,000 

143,183,000 

Ohio.  .  . 

272,045 

24,105,000 

1,902,694.000 

291.027 
30.807 

26,9.53,000 
5,283,000 

.'■)80,546,000 
305,317,000 

Oklahoma 
Oregon .  .    . 

190,192 
45,502 

28,859,000 
11.685,000 

918,198,000 

Idaho 

528,243.000 

Illinois 

251.872 
215.485 
217,044 
177,841 

32,522,000 
21,299,000 
33,930,000 
43,384,000 

3,905,321,000 
1,809,135,000 
3,745,800,000 
2,0-39,389,000 

Penn.sylvauia     . 
Rhode  Isl.nnd  . 
South  Carolina 
Soirth  Dakota 

219,295 

5,292 

170.434 

77,644 

18,586,000 

443,000 

13,512,000 

26,010,000 

1,253.274.000 

Cbdiana 

32,990.000 

Iowa 

392.128.000 

Kansas 

1.166,097.000 

Kentucky 

2,59,185 

22,189,000 

773,797,000 

Tennessee 

246,012 

20,041,000 

612,520,000 

Louisiana 

120,546 

10.439,000 

301,220,000 

Texas 

417.770 

112,435,000 

2,218,645.000 

Maine 

00,016 
48.923 

6,296,000 
5.057,000 

199,271,000 
286,167,000 

Utah  . 
Vermont 

21,676 
32,709 

3,397,000 

4,Q63,000 

19.495,000 

160.795.000 

Maryland 

145,399,000 

Massachusetts  . . 

36.917 

2,875.000 

226,474,000 

Virginia 

184,018 

625,065,000 

Michigan 

206,960 

18.940.000 

1,088.858,000 

Washington. 

50,192 

11,712.000 

637,543.000 

Minnesota 

156.137 

27,675,000 

1.476,411,000 

West  Vligliiia 

90,685 

10.026,000 

314.738,000 

Mississippi 

Mlssouii 

274,382 

18,557,000 

426,314,000 

Wisconsin 

177,127 

21,060,000 

1,413,118,000 

277.244 

34,591.000 

2,0.52,917,000 

Wyonilni; 

10,987 

8,543,000 

167,189,000 

Montana 

26,214 

13,545,000 

347,828,000 

VALUE    OF 

PLOW    LANDS    IN    UNITED 

STATES 

■ 

>. 

Av. 

of  Poorl 

Av. 

olGood 

Av 

.  of  All    1 

Av 

of  Poor 

Av. 

Ol  Good 

Av 

.  of  All 

States  or 

Plow  Lands 

Plow  Lands 

Plow  Lands  1 

Statejs  or 

Plow  Lauds 

Plow  Lands 

Plow  Lauds 

TERKTT0RIE8. 

TEnniTORiKH . 

1918 

1917 

S22 

1916 
$21 

1918 

$48 

1917 

$47 

1916 

$45 

1918 

$35 

1917 
$34 

1916 

$32 

1918 

1917 

1916 

1918 

1917 

1916 
.$36 

1918 

S35 

1917 

$33 

1916 

Maine 

$24 

N.  Dakota 

$26 

$24 

S22 

$41 

$39 

$30 

N.  Hampshire 

21 

24 

24 

52 

.50 

50 

39 

37 

37 

S.  Dakota 

41 

41 

40 

63 

62 

61 

56 

54 

b3 

Vermont . .    .  . 

28 

28 

26 

64 

60 

57 

44 

42 

41 

Nebraska 

6U 

51 

49 

m) 

90 

8b 

80 

i4 

V2 

Massachusetts 

41 

;^« 

34 

92 

93 

91 

68 

64 

62 

Kansas. 

42 

■Al 

36 

74 

69 

62 

58 

53 

51 

Rhode  Island . 

4fi 

42 

41 

90 

85 

80 

70 

62 

60 

Kentucky 

31 

27 

22 

65 

56 

4j 

50 

41 

35 

Connecticut . . 

M 

36 

34 

75 

72 

70 

,52 

.53 

49 

Tenness'ji' 

30 

26 

22 

(17 

60 

53 

48 

41 

37 

New  Y'ork .... 

33 

34 

34 

75 

74 

68 

58 

.55 

53 

Alabama 

15 

13 

11 

30 

23 

21 

21 

17 

16 

New  Jersey.. . 

,58 

46 

43 

108 

92 

89 

78 

69 

65 

Mississippi 

15 

13 

12 

31 

28 

26 

23 

20 

18 

Pennsylvania . 

37 

36 

32 

79 

73 

66 

68 

57 

50 

Louisiana 

26 

17 

15 

45 

36 

31 

33 

25 

24 

Delaware .... 

;H5 

33 

n 

6K 

75 

68 

,59 

,55 

50 

Texas .... 

30 

24 

22 

57 

49 

4b 

4b 

38 

34 

Maryland 

33 

30 

28 

61 

62 

57 

47 

48 

46 

Oklahoma 

23 

19 

17 

48 

42 

36 

35 

30 

27 

Virginia 

29 

24 

22 

61 

50 

46 

43 

36 

34 

Arkansas 

20 

17 

14 

45 

39 

31 

31 

27 

22 

W.  Virginia... 

28 

23 

22 

64 

54 

49 

43 

;^8 

36 

Montana  . 

22 

19 

17 

45 

41 

40 

3b 

31 

29 

N.  Carolina. . . 

29 

24 

21 

,58 

49 

42 

42 

35 

31 

Wyoming 

25 

20 

18 

49 

41 

34 

41 

30 

27 

B.  C.irolina.. . 

23 

21 

2(1 

45 

43 

42 

36 

;t3 

31 

Colorado . . 

35 

32 

27 

74 

7b 

68 

5o 

bb 

m 

Georgia 

2(1 

18 

16 

40 

35 

32 

28 

27 

24 

New  Mexico 

25 

24 

20 

60 

48 

42 

42 

36 

.31 

Florida 

21 

20 

19 

42 

37 

35 

32 

27 

26 

.\rl2ona  . 

52 

55 

,50 

116 

108 

100 

98 

85 

80 

Ohio 

61 
67 

55 
60 

52 
57 

107 
120 

99 
110 

95 
106 

86 
96 

80 
87 

75 
84 

Utah .  . 
Nevada 

48 
42 

45 
,38 

38 
32 

113 
110 

90 
80 

SO 
80 

86 
80 

70 
60 

HI) 

Indiana 

fiO 

Illinois 

94 

85 

80 

160 

148 

139 

132 

120 

115 

Idaho .... 

43 

37 

34 

89 

77 

68 

70 

58 

.53 

Michigan.  .  .  . 

38 

:» 

32 

75 

72 

64 

60 

55 

51 

Washington 

56 

150 

45 

122 

110 

no 

94 

80 

75 

Wisconsin 

56 

1)3 

51 

100 

99 

92 

82 

80 

74 

Oregon .  . 

53 

44 

36 

111 

93 

80 

84 

VO 

60 

Mlnhesota 

.'■>4 

,50 

45 

85 

81 

73 

75 

68 

61 

Califoriiiti     . 

66 

55 

50 

168 

150 

135 

120 

no 

95 

Iowa   

119 

104 

101 

180 

163 

156 

1,54 

140 

■i;« 





M'.980Mri 

47 

42 

12 

83 

7« 

74 

66 

60 

59 

LTnii    i^sialPS 

$17 

$42 

$40 

$85 

$78 

$72 

$68 

%«'> 

$58 

Countries  of  the  World — Population  and  Area. 


257 


COUNTRIES    OF    THE    WORLD-POPULATION    AND    AREA. 


COUNTRIES. 


United  States  (Con 
tinental) 

Alasia 

Philippines 

Porto  Rico 

Hawaii 

Pan'maCanalZone 

Virgin  Islands . . . 

Tutuila,  Samoa.. 

Guam 

Abyssinia 

Afghanistan 

Albania 

Andorra 

Arabia 

Argentina 

Austria 

Belgium 

Belgian  Congo.  . 

Bhutan 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

British  Empire 

Bulgaria 

Chile 

China 

Colombia .' 

Costa  Rica 

Cuba 

Denmarli  (Continen 
tal) 

Iceland 

Greenland 

West  Indies 

Dominican  Republic 

Ecuador 

Egypt 

Soudan 

France  (Continental) 

Algeria 

Tunis 

Madagascar. . 

Other  Colonies  in 
Africa 

Colonies  in  Asia 

Colonies  in  Am'ca 

Colonies  In  Oc'nia 

German    Empire    in 

Europe 

Alsace-I/Orraine.. . 

Anhalt 

Baden. 

Bavaria 

Bremen 

Brunswick 

Hamburg 

Hesse 

Lippe 

Lubeck 

M  ecklenburg- 
Schwerin 

Mecklenburg- 
Strelitz 

Oldenburg 

Prussia 

Reuss    (younger 
line) 

Reuss  (elder  line) . 

Saxe-Altenburg. . . 

Saxe-Coburg- 
Gotha 

Saxe-Melningen . 

Saxe-Weimar 

Saxony 

Schau  m  b  urg 
Lippe 


103,500, 

64 

8,879, 

1,231 

219 

31 

26 

7 

13 

8,000 

6,000 

825 

6 

3,500, 

8,574 

29,193, 

7,571, 

15,000, 

250, 

2,520, 

24,618, 

437,947, 

5,517, 

5,000, 

20,620, 

5,472, 

427. 

2,406, 


Popu- 
lation. 


Sfniare 
Miles. 


473 
,906 
,999 
,880 
,580 
,048 
,051 
426 
866 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,000 
,293 
,387 
,000 
,000 
,538 
,429 
432 
,700 
000 
,000 
,004 
,604 
,117 


3,026 

590 

115 

3 


2,940.979 

85,118 

11,893 

32,786 

710,000 

1,500,000 

12,170,000 

3.000.000 

39,601,309 

5,600,000 

1,900,001', 

3,253,581 

19,995,000 

16.594,000 

400,000 

85,000 

67,812.000 

1,874,014 

331,128 

2,142,833 

6,887,291 

299,526 

494,339 

1,014.064 

1,282,051 

150,937 

116,599 

639,958 

106.442 

483,042 

40,165,219 

152,752 

72,769 

216,128 

2,57,177 

278,762 

417,149 

4,806.661 

46,652 


390 

2.50 

11, 

1,000, 

1,139, 

115, 

11. 

900, 

20, 

708, 

3,292, 

13,153, 

43, 

292 

4.861' 

435 

18 

44 


,789 
884 
026 
604 
.449 
436 
149 
55 
210 
,000 
,000 
,000 
175 
000 
196 
882 
373 
000 
OOC 
195 
000 
71 
000 
100 
,000 
,278 
,691 
,164 


Capitals. 


Washington 


Manila 
San  Juan 
Honolulu 


15,388 

39,800 

46,740 

138 

19,32.i 

116,000 

400,000 

984,520 

207,054 

194,950 

51,000 

227,000 

3,948,984 

310,176 

35,222 

8,700 

208,780 

5,604 

888 

5,823 

29,292 

99 

1,418 

160 

2,996 

469 

115 


Buenos  Ayres 

Vienna 

Brussels 

Boma 

Punakha 

La  Paz 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

London 

Sofia 

.Santiago 

Peking 

Bogota 

San  Jose 

Havana 

Copenhagen 
Reykjavik 


5,066 

1,131 

2,482 
134,616 

319 
122 
511 

764 

953 

1,397 

5,789 

131 


Agana 

Ad  is  Ababa 

Kabul 

Durazzo 

Andorra 


San   Domingo 

Quito 

Cairo 

Khartoum 

Paris 

Algiers 

Tunis 

Antananarivo 


Berlin 

Stra.«sburg 

Dessau 

Karlsruhe 

Munich 


Brunswick 


Darmstadt 
Detmold 


Schwerln 

Neu  Strelitz 

Oldenburg 

Berlin 

Gera 
Greiz 
Altenburg 

Gotha 
Meiningen 
Weimar 
Dresden 

Biickeburg 


Countries. 


German  Emp. — Con 

Sch  warzburg  -  Ru  - 
dolstadt 

Schwarzburg-Son- 
dershausen 

-Waldeck 

Wiirttemberg .  .  .  . 
CColonie'  in  Africa. 
s  Colonies  in  Asia.  .  . 
(,  Colonies  in  Pacific . 

Greece 

Guatemala 

Hayti 

iHonduras 

Hungary 

Italy  (Continental) 

Eritrea 

Somaliland 

Tripoli 

Japan 

Chosen  (Korea) . 

Other  Depend'cies 

Khiva 

Liberia 

I  Liechtenstein 

Luxemburg 

Mexico 

Monaco 

Mongolia 

Montenegro 

Morocco 

Nepal 

Netherlands   (Conti 
nental) 

Borneo 

Celebes 

Java  and  Madura 

Other  Dutch  East 
Indies 

Dutch  West  Indies 

Nicaragua 

Norway 

Oman 

Panama 

Paraguay 

Persia 

Peru 

Poland 

Portugal,    Azores 
Madeira  Island 

Colonies  in  Africa 

Colonies  in  Asia. . 

Roumania 

Russian  Empire .... 

jSalvador 

'San  Marino 

Serbia 

Siam 

Siberia 

Spain  (Continental). 

Balearic   and    Ca- 
nary Islands.  .  . 

Colonies  in  Africa 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Thibet 

Turkish  Empire .... 

European  Turkey. 

Asiatic  Turkey . . . 
United  Kingdom. . . . 
Union  of  S.  Africa.. 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 


Popu- 
lation. 


100,702 

89,917 

61,707 

2,437,574 

13,419,500 

§168,900 

357.800 

4,821,300 

"2,092,824 

2,030,000 

592,675 

20,886,487 

36,546,137 

450,000 

350,000 

1,000,000 

56,860,735 

16,500,000 

3,610,44. 

800,000 

2,060,000 

10,000 

268,000 

1.5,160,369 

20,000 

3,000,000 

520,000 

6,500,000 

4,000,000 

6,.583,227 

1,250,000 

851,000 

30,098,008 

4,528,411 
4.39,466 
689,891 

2,391.782 
750,000 
386,891 
800,000 

9,000,000 

4,500,000 
12,247,600 

5,957,985 

8,300,000 

950,000 

7,508,009 

182,182,600 

1,254,000 

10,655 

4,600,000 

6,000,000 

10,377,900 

20,747,893 

758,512 

235,844 

5,757,566 

3,880,.500 

3,000,000 

21,274,000 

1,892,000 

19,382,000 

33,711,000 

7,086,000 

1.225,914 

2,811.046 


Square 
Miles. 


363 

333 

433 

7,534 

931,460 

§200 

96,160 

46,522 


Capitals. 


R.Udolstadt 

Sond'shausen 
Arolsen 

Stuttgart 


Athens 


48,290.Guatemala 
10,200  P'rt-au-PrI  nee 

40,250  Tegucigalpa 
125,609 

110,623 

46,000 
140,000 
410,000 
147,655 

84,000 

26,611 

22,320  Khiva 

41,000  Monrovia 
60|Vaduz 
999  Luxemburg 
767 ,097|city  of  Mexico 


Rome 

Asmara 

Mogadisho 

Tripoli 

Tokio 

Seoul 


1,076,000 

5,650 

200,000 

51,000 

12,648 

284,000 

72,000 

50,400 

352,029 

288,016 

49,532 

124,129! 

82,000, 

49,532 

97,722l 

628,000, 

683,3211 

49,018 


Urga 
Cettlnje 
Fez 
Khatmandu 

Amsterdam 


Menado 
Batavla 


Managua 

Christianla 

Muscat 

Panama 

Asuncion 

Teheran 

iLima 

Warsaw 

Lisbon 


35.4901 

823.334  

8  933 

64!00fl,Bu'charest 
8,647.657|Petrograd 
7,255, San  Salvador 

38 

34,C00| 

220.000  Bangkok 
4,831,8821 
190,050  Madrid 


4,747  

85,814 

172,876  Stockholm 

15,976,Berne 
463,200Lhasa 
710,224  Const" ntin' pie 

11,000 
699,224 


473,100  Pretoria 
72,172|Montevideo 
393,976,Caraca3 


Note — The  Danish  Islands  In  1917  came  under  possession,  by  purchase  for  $25,000,000,  of  the  United 
States  and  have  been  renamed  the  Virgin  Islands.  The  population  of  Continental  United  States  does  not 
include  Alaska,  the  Canal  Zone,  or  any  oX  the  colonies,  nor  45,123  credited  by  the  Census  to  "naliltary  and 
naval"  forces  in  1910.  The  area  of  Continental  United  States,  as  given,  does  not  include  Alaska,  Hawaii, 
the  Canal  Zone,  or  any  of  the  colonies,  for  which  separate  totals  appear. 

The  so-called  independent  Russian  Governments  set  up  by  Germany  and  Austria-Hungary  as  buffer 
states  on  their  eastern  borders  are  not  separately  enumerated  in  the  above  table  because  of  their  indefinite 
boundaries,  and  the  vague  estimates  as  to  their  actual  area  and  population.  They  Include  Courland, 
Finland,  New  Poland,  Esthonia,  Livonia,  Ukrainla,  etc. 


258 


Principal  Ports,  of  the  World. 


PRINCIPAL    PORTS    OF    THE    WORLD. 

(Compiled  by  the  United  States  Department  ol  Commerce.     .000  omitted.) 


CO'UTNTRY   AND    PORT. 


EUROPE. 

Unit.  King'm:  London 

Liverpool 

Hull 

Manchester 

Glasgow 

Southampton 

Cardiff '. . . 

Belfast 

Germany:  Hamburg. 

Bremen 

Belgium:  Antwerp... 
France:  Marseilles . . . 

Havre 

Dunkirk 

Bordeaux 

Italy :  Genoa 

Naples 

Turkey:  Const'inople . 
Aust.-Hung.:  Trieste. 

Flume 

Russia :  Petrograd .  . . 

Riga 

Odessa 

Vlndau 

Libau 

Novorossisk 

Nlkolaiev 

Batum 

Vladivostok 

Spain:  Barcelona. . . . 

Valencia 

Bilbao 

OCEANIA. 

Ausfralia:  Sydney... 
Melboiirne 


Yr. 

Im- 
ports. 

Ex- 
ports. 

'I'oial 
Com- 
merce . 

Dollars 

Dollars 

Dollars 

19IG 

1,748,933 

917,060 

2,665,993 

19I(i 

1,362,735 

954,624 

2,317,359 

191G 

263,547 

158,702 

422,249 

191fi 

233,435 

107,950 

341,385 

1916 

164.508 

204,759 

369,267 

1916 

68,824 

23,102 

81,926 

1916 

43,991 

65,711 

109,702 

1916 

47,990 

1,996 

49,986 

1913 

1,084,325 

817,275 

1,901,600 

1913 

370,608 

211,421 

582.029 

1912 

633,164 

588,181 

1,211.345 

1913 

389,639 

365,733 

755,372 

1913 

357,924 

238,795 

616,719 

1913 

187,538 

36,201 

223,739 

1913 

89,163 

78,606 

167,769 

1915 

387,600 

120,934 

508.534 

191.5 

90,945 

31,768 

122,713 

1912 

74,360 

28,600 

102,960 

1913 

175,997 

161,430 

337,428 

1912 

43,833 

53,923 

97,756 

1915 

14,575 

16,841 

31,416 

1915 

463 

103 

566 

1915 

721 

51 

772 

1914 

4,061 

27,852 

31,913 

1914 

15,703 

10,590 

26,293 

1914 

9.573 

35,858 

45,431 

1914 

873 

18,442 

19,315 

1914 

4,469 

14,59; 

19,062 

1914 

26,481 

1,752 

28,233 

1913 

79,428 

29,839 

109,267 

1913 

14,342 

19,162 

33,504 

1913 

22,272 

9,929 

32,201 

1916 

157,0.50 

193,676 

350,720 

1916 

129,430 

67,034 

196,464 

COTJNTEY   AKD   PORT. 


AMERICA. 

Unit.  States:  New  York 

Galveston 

New  Orleans 

Massachusetts 

Philadelphia 

Maryland 

San  Francisco 

Washington 

Virginia 

Buffalo 

Michigan 

St.  Lawrence 

Canada:  Montreal .... 
Mexico:  Vera  Cruz.  .  . 

Tampico 

Cuba:  Havana 

Argentina:  Eu.  Aires  . 
Brazil:  Sanios 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Chile:  Valparaiso . .  .  r . 

Antofagasta 

Peru:  Callao! 

Uruguay:  Montevideo. 

ASIA. 

China:  Shanghai 

Canton 

Tientsin 

Janan:  Yokohama.  .  .  . 

Kobe 

Osaka 

Brit. Colon's:  Singapore 

Calcutta 

Bombay 

AFRICA. 

Egyiit:  Alexandria .... 


Yr. 


1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1913 
1913 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1915 
1916 
1911 

1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 

1916 


Im- 
ports. 


Dollars 


,338,199 

8,505 

104,517 

217,905 

i09,;86 

43,973 

144,027 

198,321 

19,330 

67,715 

41,749 

98,660 

222,119 

40,733 

22,825 

183,154 

176,982 

52,093 

86,597 

26,306 

8,539 

29.277 

42,627 

171,493 

21,487 

36,718 

104,554 

186,438 

40,867 

244,589 

167,667 

143,422 

106,109 


Ex- 
ports. 


Dollars 

3,053,120 

266,279 

303,610 

225,678 

464.471 

374,033 

142,890 

177,650 

137,012 

217.120 

290,376 

103,939 

384,314 

42,118 

40,379 

89,006 

263,186 

118,229 

47,604 

11,929 

22,057 

32,305 

32,167 

177,209 

45,620 

17,702 

248,080 

165,056 

70,690 

214,600 

285,859 

143,846 

178,086 


'I'otal 
Com- 
merce . 


Dollars 

4,391,319 

274,784 

408,027 

443,483 

573,957 

418,006 

286,917 

375,971 

156,342 

284,835 

332,125 

202,599 

606,432 

82,851 

63,204 

272,159 

440,168 

170,322 

134,201 

38,235 

30,596 

61,581 

74,794 

348,703 
67,106 
54,420 
352,634 
351,544 
111,557 
459,189 
453,525 
187,268 

284,195- 


VESSEL    TONNAGE,   PRINCIPAL    PORTS.       (.000  OMITTED.) 


Country  and  Port. 


EUROPE. 

United  Kingdom:   London... 

Liverpool 

Cardiff 

Tyne  ports 

Southampton 

Cork,  Including  Queenstown 

Glasgow 

Gibraltar 

Germany:  Hamburg 

Bremen 

Bremerhaven 

Denmark:  Copenhagen 

France:  Dunkirk 

Havre 

Bordeaux 

•  Marseilles 

Austria -Hungary:  Flume 

Trieste 

Belgium:  Antwerp 

Netherlands:  Rotterdam 

Italy:  Genoa 

Naples 

Greece:  Piraeus 

Portugal:  Lisbon 

Russia:  Cronstadt-Petrograd. . 

Archangel 

Spain:  Barcelona 

Bilbao  (Vizcaya) 

Valencia. /«■ 

Turkey:  Constantinople 

OCEANIA. 

.Australia:  Melbourne 

Sydney 

Frema.ntle 

Adelaide 


Yr.  Entered  Cleared 


1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1913 
1913 
1913 
1913 
1912 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1912 
1913 
1912 
1916 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1915 
1913 
1913 
1913 
1913 

1915 
1916 
1916 
1916 


13,006 

11,9,59 
7,285 
5,999 
4,652 
3,120 
3,012 
6,315 

12,997 
1,511 
2,038 
3,441 
1,201 
2,642 
2,824 
5,299 
2,125 
3,466 

13,757 
3,192 
5,336 
5,120 
4,067 
9,337 
1,171 
939 
2,641 
2,015 
1,705 
14, 

716 
1,079 
~-756 

423 


10,453 

10,813 
S,938 
7,242 
4,656 
2,954 
3,987 
6,161 

13,192 
l,50fi 
1,945 
3,484 
109 
1,112 
1,014 
3,402 
2,144 
3,460 

13,722 
5,331 
5,119 
5,033 
4,055 
9,206 
1,067 
861 
1,856 
1,940 
1,523 
319 

375 

1,102 

759 

156 


COUNTRY    AND    POKT, 


AMERICA. 

United  States:  New  York. . .  . 

Massachusetts 

Philadelphia 

Maryland 

Galveston 

New  Orleans 

Washington 

San  Francisco 

Canada:  Montreal 

Vancouver 

Victoria 

Mexico:  Tampico 

Vera  Cruz 

Argentina:  Buenos  Aires 

Brazil:  Rio  de  Janeiro 

Santos 

Uruguay:  Montevideo 

Cuba:  Havana 

ASIA. 

British  India:  Bombay 

Calcutta 

British  Colonies,  n.  e.  s.: 

Hongkong- Victoria 

Singapore 

Colombo 

Aden 

China:  Shanghai 

Japan:  Yokohama 

Nagasaki 

Kobe 

Mojl 

AFRICA. 

Egypt:  Alexandria 

Union  of  S.  Africa:  Cape  Town 
Port  Natal  (Durban) 


yr. 

Entered 

1917 

12,913 

1917 

2,012 

1917 

2,540 

1917 

2,665 

1917 

1,096 

1917 

2,833 

1917 

3,054 

1917 

1,287 

1916 

1,613 

1916 

1,889 

1916 

1,955 

1912 

1,521 

1912 

1,447 

1912 

7,962 

1916 

4,347 

1916 

2,650 

1917 

5,000 

1916 

3,914 

1910 

1,383 

1916 

1,441 

1917 

17,000 

1916 

6,602 

1915 

4,869 

1916 

2,077 

1916 

8,316 

1916 

3,187 

1916 

1,979 

1916 

6,709 

1916 

4,775 

1916 

967 

1916 

2,960 

1916 

2,825 

13,187 
1,448 
2,521 
2,407 
1,246 
3,019 
3,102 
1,508 
1,663 
1,693 
2,214 
1,516 
1,427 
6,285 
4,342 
2,662 
6,000 
3,460 

1,318 
1.734 

17,000 
6,612 
4,907 
2,080 
8,503 
3,113 
1,996 
5,722 
4,777 

1.344 
3.236 
2,418 


United  States  Ports  are  grouped  by  customs  districts. 


Total  Area  and  Cultivated  Land  in  the  World. 


259 


WORLD'S    DEVELOPMENT    OF    POPULATION,    PRODUCTION,    VESSEL 
TONNAGE,    AND    COMMERCE,    1800    TO    1916. 

(From  the  Statistical  Abstract  of  the  U.  S.) 


Year. 

Popu- 
lation. 

Total 
Com. 

Com. 
perCap. 

Ships, 
SaU. 

Ships, 
Steam. 

Rail- 
ways. 

Tele- 
graphs. 

Cables. 

Cotton 
Prod. 

Coal 
Prod. 

Pig  Iron 
Prod. 

1800 

Million. 

640 

780 

847 

950 

1,075 

1,205 

1,310 

1,439 

1,488 

1,543 

1,579 

1,616 

1,630 

1,643 

1,652 

1,661 

1,672 

1,692 

Million 

Dollars . 

1,479 

1,659 

1,981 

2,789 

4,049 

7,246 

10,663 

14,761 

17,519 

20,105 

27,418 

33,634 

35,909 

39,570 

40,420 

37,760 

31,302 

46,523 

Dollars 

2.31 

2.13 

2.34 

2.93 

3.76 

6.01 

8.14 

10.26 

11.80 

13,02 

17.36 

20.81 

21.71 

24.08 

24.47 

22.73 

18.72 

27.50 

1,000 

Tons. 

4,026 

5,814 

7,100 

9,012 

11,470 

14,890 

12,900 

14,400 

9,166 

6,674 

5,809 

4,624 

4,366 

4,083 

3,891 

3,686 

3,583 

3.435 

1,000 
Tons. 

1,000 
Miles. 

1,000 
Miles. 

1,000 
Miles. 

Million 

Pounds 

520 

630 

820 

1,310 

1,435 

2,551 

2,775 

3.601 

5,600 

6,247 

7,650 

9,013 

10,634 

10,488 

11,099 

12,418 

9,325 

9,182 

Million 

S.  Tons. 

11.6 

.    17.2 

,    25.1 

■    44.8 

81.4 

,     142.3 

213.4 

340.0 

446.0 

800.0 

885.0 

1,141.6 

1,309.6 

1.377.0 

1,478.0 

1,346.0 

Million 
Tons. 
0  8 

1820 

20 

HI 

368 

864 

1,710 

3,040 

5,880 

8,295 

13,857 

19,713 

22,046 

23,932 

24,978 

26,517 

27.988 

28,160 

27,858 

1  0 

1830 

0.2 
5.4 
24.0 
67.4 
139.9 
224.9 
390.0 
500.0 
564.0 
637.0 
666.0 
683.4 
690.2 
703.5 
717.5 
720.3 

1.8 

1840 

2.7 

1850 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

1906 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

5 

100 

281 

440 

768 

1,180 

1,200 

1,307 

1,356 

1,400 

1,462 

1.489 

1,526 

1.322 

1-40 
IH 
15 
49 
132 
200 
270 
291 
318 
320 
330 
335 
335 

4.7 
7.2 
11.9 
18.0 
27.2 
40.4 
58.7 
65.8 
62.4 
72.1 
74.0 
58.0 
61.6 

The  population  figures  do  not  include  unimportant  subdivisions  of  the  earth, 
with  1916  the  world's  gold  production  was  84,575,000,000. 


In  the  decade  ending 


NUMBER    OF    PERSONS    IN    AGRICULTURE    IN    THE    WORLD. 


COUNTRY. 

Ye?.r. 

United  States 

1910 

Algeria 

1881 

Argentina 

1895 

Australia 

1901 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

1900 
1900 

British  India 

1901 

BuIgari.T, 

1905 

Canada 

Ceylon 

1901 
1901 

Chile 

1907 

Cuba 

1907 

Cyprus 

1901 

Denmark 

1911 

Egypt 

1907 

Fed.  Malay  States 

Finland 

1901 
1900 

Formosa 

1905 

France 

1906 

Germany 

1907 

Greece 

1907 

Granada 

1901 

Males. 


.10, 


63 


582 
636, 
318, 

377, 
,185, 
633, 
020, 
895, 
707, 
745, 
448, 
364, 
33, 
386, 
268, 
115, 
321. 
763 
.452, 
,146 
321 
8 


,039 
078 
149 
626 
250 
665 
306 
206 
997 
074 
546 
821 
611 
016 
005 
027 
538 
,450 
,392 
,723 
,120 
,816 


Females. 


27 


,806,584 

91,602 

67,174 

39,029 

,936,805 

163,707 

,867,210 

837,406 

8,940 

318,551 

21,877 

3,110 

2,757 

110,169 

67,144 

62,324 

102,008 

263,604 

,324,661 

,586,749 

e,l'72 

7,722 


COUNTRY. 


Italy 

Malta  and  Gozo. . ; 

Mauritius 

Netherlands 

New  Zealand 

Philippine  Islands.. 

Porto  Rico 

Portugal 

Russia:  In  Europe. 
In  Asia 


Total. 


Serbia 

Sierra  Leone 

Spain 

Sweden 

.Switzerland 

Trinidad  and  Tobago. 
Union  of  South  Africa. 
United  Kingdom 


Year. 

1901 
1901 
1901 
1899 
1911 
1903 
1899 
1900 
1897 
1897 


1897 

1900 
1901 
1900 
1900 
1900 
1901 
1904 
1901 


Males. 


6,370,277 

10,235 

72,493 

490,694 

103,644 

1,163,777 

190,893 

1,127,268 

13,808,505 

2,092,965 


15,901,470 

311,700 

8,705 

3,741,730 

761,016 

392,971 

51,744 

863,223 

2,109,812 


Females. 


3,196,063 

3,613 

5,989 

79,584 

7,472 

90,286 

1,868 

380,293 

1,974,164 

105,137 


2,079,301 

13,524 

--     4,544 

775,270 

333,264 

80,326 

25,765 

847,057 

152,642 


TOTAL 


AREA 

(By 


AN 

the 


D    CULTIVATED    LAND    IN    THE    WORLD. 

International  Institute  of  Agriculture.) 
(000  omitted.) 


Country. 

Year. 

1  'tl  Area. 

Cul'vat'd 

Country. 

Year. 

T'll  Area. 

Cul'vat'd 

NORTH    AMERICA. 

United  States 

1910 

1901 

1909-10 

1899 

1909-10 

1910-11 

1908 

1911 
1910 
1895 
1910 
1907 
1901 
1910 
1900 
1911 
1911 
1911 
1907 
1912 
1905 

A  cres. 

1,903,269 

2,397,082 

13,343 

28,299 

720,576 

187,146 

46,189 

74,132 

80.272 

7,278 

23,807 

9,629 

82,113 

130,864 

133,594 

70,839 

639 

8,057 

79  810 

22,018 

32,167 

Acres. 

293,794 

19,880 

442 

778 

44,446 
2.557 
1,962 

26,272 

35,178 

3,582 

8,574 

6,376 

3,876 

59,124 

63,089 

33,815 

300 

2,210 

1,830 

5,777 

14,829 

EUROPE — Continved. 

Rufsia,  European 

Serbia 

1911 
1897 
1908-11 
1911 
1905 

1911 
1911 

1910-11 
1911 
1911 
1911 

1910 

1912 

1912 

1909-10 

1910-11 
1910 

Acres. 

1,278,203 

11,936 

124,666 

110,667 

10,211 

56,802 
20,350 

615,695 

8,858 

94,495 

4,028,001 

124,976 

222,390 

30,888 

302,827 

1,903,664 
66,469 

Acres. 
245,755 
2,634 
41  264 

Canada 

Costa  Rica 

Spain 

Sweden 

Cuba 

9,144 
605 

SOUTH   AMERICA. 

Switzerland 

Argentina 

Cliile 

United  Kingdom: 

Great  Britain 

Ireland 

14,587 

Uruguay 

3,275 

EUROPE. 

Aust.-Hungary:  Austria 
Hungary.      .    .    . 

ASIA. 

Brlti::.  India 

Fonno;a.  . 

264,858 

1,884 

17,639 

33,860 

Belgium 

Japan 

Bulgaria 

Russia,  A.«iatic. ....... 

AFRICA. 

Algeria 

Finland 

11,434 
6,457 
6,919 
3,385 

France  

Egypt 

Germany 

Tunis 

Italy 

Union  oT  South  Africa.  . 

OCEA>;iA. 

Australia 

Luxemburg 

Netherlands 

14  987 

Norway 

New  Zealand 

6  955 

Total,  36  countries.  . 

Roumania 

16,071,209 

1,313,832 

Total  area  includes,  besides  cultivated  land,  also  natvu-ai  meadows  and  pastures,  forests,  woodlots. 
and  land.s  devoted  to  cultivated  trees  and  shrubs.  Cultivated  land  includes  fallow  lands;  also  artlflcla) 
grasslands.    The  figure  for  "cultivated  land"'  in  Switzerland  excludes  artiflcial  meadows  and  pastures. 


260 


Territorial  Expansion  of  the  United  States. 


LIST    OF    COLONIES     ETC.     OF    GREAT    ERITAI!^,    FRANCE    AND    ITALY. 

The  following  is  an  official  list  of  colonies,  possessions,  and  protectorates  of  Great  Britain,  France, 
and  Italy  used  by  the  War  Trade  Board  and  its  branch  offices  in  considering  applications  and  the  issuance 
of  export  and  import  licenses. 

FRENCH    POSSESSIONS. 

In  Afrlca^AIgeria,  French  Congo,  ^'Iadagasca^  (including  the  Comoro  Islands),  Island  of  Reunion, 
Somali  Coast  Protectorate,  Soudan;  French  West  Africa,  comprising  the  colonies  of  Senegal,  French  Guinea, 
Ivory  Coast,  Dahomey,  Upper  Senegal,  Kiger  (French  Soudan),  and  the  Civilian  Territory  of  Mauritania; 
Tunis. 

In  America — Guadaloupe  and  dependencies,  consisting  of  the  smaller  islands,  Marie  Galantl,  Lcs 
Salntes,  Deserade,  St.  Barthelemy,  and  St.  Martin;  French  Guiana,  Martinique,  St.  Pierre,  and  Miquelon. 

In  Australasia  and  Oceania — Xcw  Caledonia  and  dependencies,  consisting  of  the  Islands  of  Fines, 
the  WalUs  Archipelago,  the  Loyalty  Islands,  the  Huon  Islands,  and  the  Islands  of  Futuna  and  Alafl;  Society 
Islands,  Marquezas  Islands,  the  Tuamotu  Group,  Leeward  Islands,  the  Gambler  Island,  Tubuai  Island, 
Rapa  Island. 

In  Asia — French  India,  consisting  of  the  five  colonics  of  Pondichcry,  Karikal,  Chandernagar,  Mahe, 
Yananon;  French  Indo-Chlna,  comprising  the  colony  of  Cochin-China,  the  protectorates  of  Annam,  Cam- 
bodia, Tonking  and  Laos,  and'  Kwang-Chau-Wan. 

ITALIAN    POSSESSIONS. 

In  Africa — Colony  of  Eritrea,  Italian  Somaliland,  Tripoli,  and  Cyronaica. 

BRITISH    POSSESSIONS,    DOMINIONS,    CROWN    COLONIES,    ETC. 

Europe — Gibraltar,  Malta,  Cyprus. 

Asia — Ceylon,  Hongkong.  Wtihaiwei,  Straits  Settlements,  Federated  Malay  States;  Malay  States 
not  included  in  the  Federation,  Johore.  Kedah,  Kclantan,  Perils,  Trengganu,  North  Bor;ieo,  Brunei,  Sarawak. 

Africa — Ascension,  Union  of  South  A.frica,  Basutoland,  Bechuaualand  Protectorate,  Swaziland, 
Mauritius,  etc.,  Seychelles,  St.  Helena,  Sierra  Leone  and  Protectorate,  Gambia.  Gold  Coast  Colony,  Nigeria, 
Nyassaland  Protectorate,  Northern  Rhodesia,  Southern  Rhodesia,  East  Africa  Protectorate,  Somaliland 
Protectorate,  Uganda  Protectorate,  Zanzibar  Protectorate. 

America — Bermuda,  Canada,  Newfoundland  and  Labrador,  British  Guiana,  British  Honduras,  Falk- 
land Islands. 

West  Indies — Bahamas,  Barbados.  Jamaica,  Turks  and  Caicos  Islands,  Trinidad  and  Tobago;  Wind- 
ward Isles,  Grenada,  St.  Lucia,  St.  Vincent,  Leeward  Islands,  Antigua,  Dominica,  Montserrat,  St.  Kitts 
and  Nevis. 

Australia — New  South  Wales.  Victoria,  Queensland,  Western  Australia,  South  Australia,  Northern 
Territory,  Tasmania,  New  Zealand,  Fiji,  Papua,  Solomon  Islands  Protectorate. 


VITAL    STATsSTlCS    OF    HOLLAE^D    DURIFJC    THE    WAR. 


Item. 


Births  per  1 ,000  Inhabitants .... 

Stillbirths  per  1,000  births 

Marriages  per  1,000  inhnbitants. 


I'Jio. 

1916. 

1917. 

28.18 

38 .  00 

6.fi7 

26.48 

38.44 

7.21 

26.0,5 

37.72 

7.41 

llE.Vi. 


Death.s  per  1 ,000  inhabitants .  .  .  . 

Deaths  under   1   year  per   1,OOC 

births 


1915.   191G.  1917 


12.45 
SO.  78 


12.89 
S4.53 


13.13 

87.06 


E^EWFO'JNDLAND    SEAL    FISHERY    EE^    1918. 

The  total  catch  of  seals  amounted  to  151,431,  weighing  3,867  Ions  10  hundred \7eight  net,  valued  at 
$863,552.  This  makes  a  decrease  of  44,797  in  number  over  that  of  1917,  but  an  increase  in  weight  of  608 
tons  15  hundredweight  and  an  Increase  in  value  of  §346,836.  Owinj,'  to  the  great  demand  for  all  kinds  of 
oils,  the  price  paid  for  .seals  has  been  the  highest  on  record — S12  per  hundredweight  for  young  seals,  S9.40 
lor  bedlamcrs,  and  S9  for  old  seals.  About  2,000  seals  v;ere  taken  by  landsmen  in  1018,  and  they  were 
found  between  Cape  Spear  and  Cape  Bonavista. 


TERRITORIAL    EXPANSION    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

The  area  of  the  original  thirteen  States  (years  1783-1817)  was  892.135  square  miles. 


Division. 


Louisiana  purchase . . 

Gained    through 

treaty  with  Spain . 

Florida 

Texas 

Oregon 

Mexican  cession .... 


Yr. 

Added. 
Square 
Miles. 

1803 

827,987 

1819 
1819 
1845 
ISJfl 
1818 

13,435 

53,666 

389.166 

286,5-11 

5;i9,189 

DIVI.SION. 


Gadsden  purchase . 

Alaska 

Hawaiian  Islands. 

Porto  Rico 

Guam 

Philippine  Islands. 
Samoa 


Added. 

Yr. 

Square 

Miles. 

1853 

29,670 

)8H7 

590,881 

18!tK 

6,-l49 

1898 

3,')35 

18!)S 

210 

im 

1H,95S 

1899 

77 

Division. 


Addifnal  Philippines 
Pana.ma  Caiiai  Zone 
Danish   West   Indies 
(r.oW/Virgin  Isl.). . 

Total  added  area. .     ..     2,851,313 
Total  United  States  In- 
cluding original  13  States,  3,743,448 


Yr. 


1901 
1904 

1917 


Added. 
Square 
Miles. 


68 
436 

142 


Payments  for  above  were  made  by  t'- ^  United  States  as  follows:  Loulsis,na  purchase.  515.440,000; 
Gadsden  purchase,  810,000,000;  Alaska,  t. .200,000:  Florida,  §6,000,000;  Hawaiian  Islands,  public  debt 
assumed  to  the  amount  of  54,000,000,  Mexican  cession,  88,250,000 

The  Treaty  of  Paris,  of  December  10,  1898  terminating  the  Spanlsh-Americaii'  War,  provided  tor  a 
money  payment  to  Spain  (tor  relinquishing  claim  lo  Porto  Rioo,  Guam,  and  Philippine  Islands)  of  820,000,- 
000,  and  a  subsequent  treaty  of  November  7.  1900,  provided  for  a  further  payment  ol  8100.000  for  other 
Philippine  Islands. 

By  the  first  treaty  the  Philippine  Islands  were  ceded  lo  the  United  States,  and  the  later  treaty  ol 
November  7.  1900,  ceded  certain  outlying  islands  of  the  Philippines  not  included  in  the  first  cession. 

The  United  States  did  not  acquire  by  the  Isthmian  Canal  Convention  ol  Nove.mber  18.  1903,  any 
title  to  territory  in  the  Republic  of  Panama,  but  merely  rt  perpetual  right  of  occupation,  use,  and  control 
of  and  over  a  zone  of  land  ten  miles  in  width  For  this  privilege  it  paid  to  the  Republic  of  Panama  the 
sum  of  810,000,000  and  undertook  to  pav  the  sum  of  S2S0  000  annually  so  long  as  such  occupancy  con- 
tinued   such  payments  beginning  on  February  26,  1913. 

For  the  Danish  West  Indies,  consisting  ol  the  islands  of  St  Crols,  St  Thomas  and  St  John,  the  United 
States  paid  825,000,000.  and  took  possession  on  March  31,  11117.     They  then  had  32  000  population 

No  money  payments  were  made  upon  the  acquisition  ol  me  older  Territories  mentioned  in  the  list. 


Progress  of  the  United  States. 


261 


PROGRESS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(Statement  prepared  by  the  Bureau  ol  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Department  of  Commerce.) 


Area square  miles 

Population no. 

Population  per  square  mile no. 

Wealth dols 

Public  debt,  less  cash  in  Treasury dols. 

Interest  bearing  debt dols. 

Annual  interest  chaige dols. 

Gold  coined dols. 

Silver  coined dols 

Gold  in  circulation dols. 

Silver  in  circulation dols. 

Gold  certificates  in  circulation dols. 

Silver  certificates  in  circulation dols 

U.  S.  notes  (Greenbacks)  in  circulation,  .dols. 

National  bank  notes  in  circulation dols. 

Federal  Reserve  notes dols. 

Total  circulation  of  money dols. 

National  banks no. 

Capital dols. 

Bank  clearings,  New  York dols 

Total  United  States dels 

Deposits  in  National  banks dols. 

Deposits  in  savings  banks dols. 

Depositors  in  savings  banks no. 

Farms  and  farm  property dols. 

Farm  products,  value dols. 

Manufacturing  establishments no. 

Value  of  products dols. 

U.  S.  Gov.  receipts — net  ordinary dols. 

Custo;ns dols. 

Internal  revenue dols 

U.  S.  Gov.,  disbursements,  net  ordinary  dols 

War dols. 

Navy dols 

Pensions dols 

Interest  on  public  debt dols 

Imports  of  merchandise dols. 

Exports  of  merchandise dols. 

Imports,  Rubber,  crude lbs. 

Domestic  expts.,  iron  and  steel  man'f't's.dols 

Domestic  exports,  all  manufactures.  .  .  .dols. 

Farm  animals,  value dols. 

Cattle no. 

Horses no. 

Sheep no. 

Mules no. 

Swine no. 

Production  of  gold dols. 

Silver,  commercial  value dols 

Coal long  tons 

Petroleum .' gals. 

Pig  iron : tons 

Steel tons 

Tin  plates lbs 

Copper long  tons 

Wool lbs 

Wheat bush 

Corn bush 

Cotton bales 

Cane  sugar lbs 

Sugar  consumed lbs 

Cotton  consumed 500-lb.  bales 

Domestic  cotton  exported lbs 

Railways  operated miles 

Passangers  carried no 

Pass3nger  cars ". no 

Other  cars no 

American  vessels  built tons 

Trading,  domestic,  etc tons 

Trading,  foreign tons 

V  On  Great  Lakes tons 

Ves.  pass,  through  Sault  Ste.  Marie  C'l .  .  tons 

Commercial  failures no. 

Amount  of  liabilities dols 

Post-offices no 

Receipts  of  Post-Office  Department ....  dols 

Public  schools,  salaries .'. . dols 

Patents  issued no 

Immigrants  arrived no 


18UU. 


832,135 

5,308,483 

6.47 


82,976,294 

82,976,294 

3,402,601 

317,760 

224,296 

16,000,000 


26,500,000 


10,848,749 

9,080,933 

809,397 

10,813,9:4 
2,560,879 
3,448.716 
64,131 
3.402,601 

91,252,768 

70,971,780 


52,144 


1.33,509 
■  'l8,'829 


106,261 
301,919 
669,921 


903 
280,804 


1850. 


2,997,119 

23,191,876 

7.. 

,135.780,000 

63,452,774 

63,452,774 

3,782,393 

31,981,739 

1,866,100 

147,395,456 


278,761,982 


43,431,130 

251.354 

3,967,343,580 


123,025 

1,019,106,616 

43,592,889 

39,668,686 


40,948,383 
9,687,025 
7,904,725 
1,866,886 
3,782,393 
173,509,526 
144,375,726 


1,953,702 

23,223,106 

544,180.516 

17,778,907 

4,336,719 

21,773,220 

559,331 

30,354,213 

60,000,000 

50,900 

6,266,233 


563,755 


650 

52,516,959 

100,485,944 

592,071,104 

2,454,442 

247,577,000 


422,626 

638,381,604 

9,021 


279,255 
1,949,743 
1,585,711 

198,266 


18,417 
5,499,985 


993 
369.980 


1880. 


3 

50 

42,642 

1,919 

1,723 

79 

62, 

27, 

/    225, 

I      68, 

7, 

5, 

327, 

337, 


026,789 
,155,783 
16.86 
000,000 
,326.748 
,993,100 
633,981 
308,279 
411,694 
695.779 
622,345 
963,900 
,789,569 
895,457 
,415,178 


973,382,228 

2,076 

455,909,565 

37,182,128,621 


833, 

819, 

2, 

12,180, 

2,212, 

5,369, 

333, 

186, 

124, 

264, 

38, 

13, 

56, 

95, 

667, 

835, 

16, 

14, 

121 

1,576, 

33, 

11 

40, 

1, 

34, 

36, 

34, 

63, 

1,104, 

3, 

1, 


701,034 
106,973 
335,582 
501,538 
450,927 
253,852 
579,191 
526,501 
522,065 
009,374 
847,637 
116,916 
536,985 
777,174 
757,575 
954,746 
638,658 
,826,099 
,716,524 
,818,298 
,917,556 
,258,000 
,201,800 
,765,900 
729,500 
034,100 
000,000 
717,000 
822,830 
017,166 
835,191 
,247,335 


27,000 

232,500,000 

498,549,868 

1,717,434,543 

6,605,750 

178,872,000 

1,979,221,478 

1,865,922 

1,822,061,114 

93  267 


157,409 

2,715,224 

1,352,810 

605,102 

1,734,890 

4,735 

65,752,000 

42,989 

33,315,479 

55,942,972 

13,947 

457,257 


1900. 


3,026,789 

75,994.575 

25.55 

88,517,306,775 

1,107,711,258 

1,023,478,860 

33,545,130 

99,272,943 

36,345,321 

610,806,4:72 

142,050,334 

200,733,019 

408,465,574 

313,971,545 

300,115,112 


2,055,150,998 

3,732 

621536,461 

51,964,588,564 

84,582,450,081 

2,458,092,758 

2,389,719,954 

6,107,083 

20,439,901,164 

4,417,069,973 

207,514 

11,406,926,701 

567,240,852 

233,164,871 

295,327,927 

487,713,792 

134.774,768 

55,953,078 

140,877,316 

40,160,333 

849,941,184 

1,394,483,082 

49,377,138 

121,913,548 

484,846,235 

2,228,123,134 

43,902,414 

13,537,524 

41.883,065 

2,086,027 

37,079,350 

79,171,000 

35,741,100 

240,789,310 

2,672.062,218 

13,789,242 

10,188,329 

849,004,022 

270,588 

288,636,621 

522,229,505 

2,105,102,516 

10,102,102 

322,549,011 

4.477,175,236 

3,687,263 

3,100,583,188 

194,262 

576,831,251 

34,713 

1,416,125 

393,790 

4,338,145 

826,694 

1,565,587 

22,315,834 

10,774 

138,495,673 

76,688 

102,354,579 

137,687,746 

26,499 

448.572 


1918. 


3,026,789 

•  105,118,467 

35.35 

187,739,071,090 

760,290,132 

12,578,te6,282 

83,625,481 

10,014,000 

29,412,300 

1,107,531,243 

294,548,105 

828,231,744 

381,806,776 

339.936,233 

704,137,008 

1,711.411,695 

5,384,797,909 

7,683 

1,096,932,000 

181,534,031,388 

303,997,997,000 

10,437,433,000 

5,418.022,275 

11.307,013 

40,991,449,090 

19,433,849,000 

275,791 

24,246,434,724 

3,658,546,510 

179,998,383 

3,186,034,312 

7,874,386,325 

440,276,880 

257,166,437 

160,318,406 

189,743,277 

2,946,059,403 

5,928,285,641 

389,599,015 

1,125,889,371 

3,395,053,422 

8,263,524,000 

66,830,000 

21,563,000 

48,900,000 

4,824,000 

71,374,000 

84,456,600 

61,139,606 

575,000,000 

1,435,560,000 

39,434,797 

42,773,680 

3,360,000,000 

860,647 

285,573,000 

650,828,000 

3,159,494.000 

11,231,203 

491,677,760 

8,679,230,680 

7,721,354 

2,320,511,665 

266,031 

1,005,683,174 

54,664 

2,423,495 

325,413 

6,277,934 

2,191.715 

2,760,815 

65,307,233 

5,889 

87,793,662 

64,345 

325,726,116 

364,789,263 

40,526 

110,618 


Per  capita  estimates  are  got  by  dividing  the  item  In  Que.stion  by  the  United  States  population.  All 
the  figures  in  1918  column  are  somewhat  preliminary.  Population  Is  continental.  Gold  and  silver  cannot 
be  stated  separately  prior  to  1876.  Net  ordinary  receipts  and  disbursements  do  not  include  loans.  Treasury 
notes,  or  Postal  expenses  or  revenues.  1918  commercial  failures  cover  first  six  months.  On  July  1,  1907. 
there  W8.s  an  arbitrary  reduction  of  5135,000,000  in  circulation  of  money.  Before  1900  the  value  01  farm 
buildings,  over  $6,000,000,  was  not  considered.    Metallic  production  1.3  1917. 


262 


Population  of  "the  United  States,  1790-1918. 


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China's  Foreign  Population. 


263 


LARGEST    CITIES    OF    THE    EARTH. 

(The  flgurea  In  parenthesis  Indicate  the  date  of  the  censua  or  ofBcial  estimate.) 


Cities. 


New  York  (1917) 

London 

Paris,  France  (1911) 

Toklo,  Japan  (1908).  . .  . 
Chicago,  U.  S.  A.  (1910) 
Berlin,  Prussia  (1910) . . . 
Vienna,  Austria  (1910). . 
Petrograd,  Russia  (1910) 
Philad'ia,  U.  S.  A.  (1910) 
Moscow,  Russia  (1909).. 

Canton,  China 

Osaka,  Japan  (1908) . . .  . 
Rio  De  Janeiro,  Brazil 

(1910) 

Buenos  Ayres  (1905)  . .  . 
Calcutta,  India  (1911).  . 

Peking,  China 

Bombay,  India  (1911).. . 
Hamburg.  Ger.  (1910)  .  . 


Pop'lat'n 


5.737,492 
4,522,964 
2,888,000 
2,186,000 
2,185,000 
2,071,000 
2,031,000 
1,908,000 
1,550,000 
1,481,000 
1,250,000 
1,227,000 

1,130,000 
1,026,000 
1,222,000 
1,000,000 
980,000 
931,000 


Cities. 


Hankow,  China 

Budapest,  Hung.  (1910) . 

Tientsin,  China 

Birmingham,  Eng.  (1911) 
Glasgow,  Scotland  (1911) 
Warsaw,  Poland  (1909).. 
Liverpool,  Eng.  (1911) 
Kaples,  Italy  (1911).  . .  . 
Manchester,  Eng.  (1911) 
St.  Loula,  U.  S.  A.  (1910) 
Boston,  U.  S.  A.  (1910).. 
Cairo.  Egypt  (1907)  .  .  .  . 

Montreal,  Canada 

Fuchow,  China 

Sydney. N.S.Wales(1911) 

Shanghai,  China 

Bangkok,  Slam  (1909)... 

Chungking,  China 

Milan,  Italy  (1911) 


Pop'lat'n 


900,000 
880,000 
850,000 
840,000 
785,000 
781,000 
748,000 
723,000 
716,000 
,  687,000 
671,000 
654,000 
650,000 
650,000 
6<11,000 
639,000 
630,000 
600,000 
599,000 


Cities. 


Madrid,  Spain  (1910) .  . 
Munich,  Bavaria  (1910) 
Melbourne,  VJo.  (1911). 
Leipzig,  Saxony  (1910) . 
Barcelona,  Spain  (1910). 
Amsterdam,  Neth.(1909) 
Cleveland,  U.  S.  A.  (1910^ 
Copenhagen.  Den.  (1911) 
Baltimore,  U.  S.  A.(1910) 
Marseilles,  France  (1911) 
Dresden,  Saxony  (1910). 

Rome,  Italy  (1911) 

Pittsburgh,  U.S.A. (1910) 
Lyons,  France  (1911) .  .  . 
Madras,  India  (1911) .  . . 
Cologne,  Prussia  (1910) . 
Breslau,  Prussia  (1910).. 
Hyderabad,  India  (1911) 
Suchow,  China 


Pop'lat'n 


598,000 
596,000 
594,000 
590,000 
587.000 
568.000 
561.000 
559.000 
558,000 
551,000 
548,000 
539,000 
534,000 
524,000 
520,000 
517,000 
512,000 
500,000 
500,000 


The  population  of  Berlin  on  September  1.  1916,  was  given  offlcially  as  1,779,107. 

SOUTH    AMERICA'S    DIFFERENT    RACES. 

Argentina:  Chiefly  Mestizos  (descendants  of  Spanish  native  intermixture);  foreigners,  about  1,750,000 
of  which  majority  are  Italians  and  Spanish.     There  are  some  Indians. 

Bolivia:  Mestizos.  550,000;  whites,  250,000;  Indians,  1,600,000;  Wild  Forest  Indians,  130,000;  bal- 
ance miscellaneous. 

Brazil:  Whites,  8,000.000;  mixed  (whites,  negroes,  etc.),  8,000,000;  negroes,  4,000,000;  Indians, 
2,500,01)0;  balance  miscellaneous. 

Chile:    Whites,  1,500,000;  Mestizos.  2.100.000;  Indians.  1.400,000. 

Colombia:  Whites.  700.000;  Mestizos,  2,300,000;  Indians,  800.000;  negroes,  1,600,000;  balance  mis- 
cellaneous. 

Costa  Rica:    Almost  all  whites;  some  Mestizos:  negroes  about  26,000,  Indians,  5,000. 

Cuba:    Whites  and  Mestizos,  1,700,000;  colored,  680,000. 

Ecuador:    Mestizos  and  whites.  700,000;  Indians,  700,000;  miscellaneous,  100,000. 

Guatemala:    Mestizos  and  whites,  700.000;  Indians,  1,300,000;  balance  miscellaneous. 

Ha>ti:    Almost  entirely  blacks;  a  small  percentage  of  whites. 

Honduras:    Mestizos  and  whites,  392,000;  Indians,  200,000. 

Mexico:     Whites,  3,000,000;  Mestizos,  7,000,000;  Indians,  5,000,000. 

Nicaragua:    Whites  and  Mestizos,  400,000;  Indians,  negroes,  etc.,  250,000. 

Panama:    Whites  and  Mestizos,  300,000;  uegroes,  30.000;  miscellaneous,  57,000. 

Paraguay:    Mestizos  and  whites,  600,000;  Indians,  200,000. 

Peru:    Whites,  900,000;  Mestizos,  1,200,000;  Indians,  3,000,000;  miscellaneous,  400,000. 

Salvador:     Mestizos,  550,000;  whites,  130,000;  Indians,  570,000. 

Santo  Domingo:     Chiefly  Mestizos.    Indian  and  negro  blood  largely  represented. 

Uruguay:    Chiefly  Mestizos  and  whites;  good  percentage  of  Europeans;  Indians,  100,000. 

Venezuela:     Mestizos  and  whites,  2,000,000;  Indians,  550,000;  negroes  (and  mixtures),  200,000. 

The  term  "Mestizos"  means  a  mixture  of  races.  Mestizos  have  resulted  from  the  intermarriage  of 
Spanish  or  Portuguese  settlers  with  the  natives.  There  are  many  degrees  of  purity.  The  complexion  of 
Mestizos  varies  greatly — some  being  very  swarthy  or  dark,  while  others  are  much  lighter. 

POPULATION    ENGAGED    IN    INDUSTRIAL    OCCUPATIONS. 

The  following  table  gives  the  percentages  of  total  occupied  population  for  the  principal 
groups  In  the  eight  leading  industrial  countries  prior  to  the  war: 


Occupation  Grottp. 

Great 
Britain. 

France. 

Ger- 
many. 

Aus- 
tria. 

Hun- 
gary. 

Italy. 

Bel- 
glum. 

United 

States. 

Agriculture 

■  12.66 
11.39 

8.20 
5.00 

7.89 

6.77 
6.93 
7.23 

41.42 
6.54 

2.89 
1.59 

4.35 

4.20 
4.55 
8.05 

35.11 
6.30 

V  2.89 
3.25 

6.99 

6.99 
3.75 
5.39 

60.80 
3.34 

1.70 
1.56 

2.78 

2.96 
3.26 
3.92 

70.15 
2.56 

1.55 

.78 

2.15 

1.48 
.37 

2.85 

59.06 
3.43 

3.12 
.89 

2.14 

5.02 
4.81 
6.64 

21.90 
11.79 

2.03 
6.46 

5,95 

7.28 
6.86 
7.86 

Commercial  occupations 

Conveyance    of    men.    goods 

-9 

Mines  and  quarries.  ........ 

Stl& 

Metals,  machines.  Implements 

Qo  O 

ga'3 

Building   and    works    of   con- 
struction   

Textile  fabrics 

COu 

Dress 

A  distinct  cl.assiflcation  adopted  by  United  States  Census  Bureau  based  on  1910  census  is  as  follows: 
All  oecupatlong.  38.167.333  (consisting  of  30,091,564  males  and  5,075,772  females)  with  per  cent,  in  paren- 
theses siiowing  distribution  of  total.  Agriculture,  forestry,  and  animal  husbandry,  12,659,203  (33.2), 
extraction  of  minerals,  984,824  (2.5);  manufacturinc;  and  mechanical  industries,  10,658,881  (27.9);  trans- 
portation, 2,637,671  (6.9);  trade.  3,614,670  (9.5);  public  service  (not  elsewhere  classified),  459,291  (1.2); 
professional  service,  1,663,569  (4.4);  domestic  and  personal  service,  3,772.174  (9.9);  clerical  occupations, 
1,737,053  (4.6). 

CHINA'S    FOREIGN    POPULATION. 


Nationality. 

Persons.      | 

Nationality. 

Persons.      i 

NATIONALITY. 

Persons. 

1916. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

American 

5,580 
296 
286 

9,099 
397 
277 

2,374 

5,618 
317 
324 

8,479 
450 
298 

2,262 

German 

3,792 

34 

400 

104,275 

329 

2,293 

2,899 

18 

416 

144,492 

277 

2, '297 

Russian 

55,235 
366 
423 
157 

185,613 

51.310 

Austrian     .    ,    , 

Hungarian 

Italian 

Spanish 

300 

Belgian 

513 

British 

Jo.pane.se. ..... .".  . 

Nontreaty  powers. 
Total 

215 

Norwegian. ...... 

Portuguese 

Dutch 

220.485 

French 

£64 


Population  of  Panama  Canal  Zone. 


INDUSTRIAL    POPULATION    IN    UNITED    STATES    IN    1917. 

(As  estimated  by  tlie  Government  in  connection  with  the  First  Selective  Service  Draft.     From  the 

Statistical  Abstract  of  the  United  States.) 


Industrial  Classes. 


Agriculture,  forestry,  and  animal  husbandry:    Agriculture  (farming 

trucli  gardening,  fruit  raising,  etc.) 

Forestry  (lumbering,  etc.) 

Animal  husbandry  (Ashing;  cattle  and  sheep  raising,  etc.) ........ 

Mines,  quarries,  and  wells;  Coal  mines 

Other  mines,  quarries,  salt  mines,  etc 

Oil  wells  and  gas  wells ? 

Manufacturing  industries:    Building — House  contractors,  carpenters, 

blaclcsmlths,,machin's,  electric's,  paint's,  plaster's,  plumb's,  etc 

Chemical  indUst's — Powder,  cartridge,  dynamite,  fuse,  and  flrew'ks 

Fertilizer,  paint,  and  soap  factories,  etc 

Clay,  glass,  and  stone  industries — Brick,  tile,  and  terra-cotta;  glass 

lime,  cement,  gypsum,  marble,  stone;  potteries 

Clothing  Indust's — Cloth'g,  glove,  hat,  shirt,  collar,  and  cuff  fact's 

Food  industries — Bakeries;  butter  and  cheese;  candy;  fish  curing; 

flour  and   grain;   fruit  and  vegetable  canning;  slaughter  and 

packing  houses;  sugar;  other  food  factories 

Iron  and  steel  indust's — Blast  furn.;  steel  mills;  Iron;  rttlllt'y  weap's 

Shipbuilding  and  boat  building 

Agric.  impl.  fact's;  automobile;  wagon  and  carriage;  car  and 

railroad  shops;  other  iron  and  steel  factories 

Leather  indust's-^Harness  and  saddle;  shoe;  tanneries;  trunk. . . . 
Liquor  and  beverage  Indust's — Breweries;  other  liq.  and  bev.  fact's 
Lumber  and  furniture  indust's— Box  fact's  (wood);  furn.  fact's 
,    piano  and  organ;  saw  and  planing;  other  woodworking  fact's. . 
Metal  indust's  (exc.  iron  and  steel) — Brass  mUls;  clock  and  watch 
copper;  gold  and  silver,  jewelry;  lead  and  zinc;  tin-plate;  tin- 
ware and  enamelware;  other  metal  factories 

Paper  and  printing — Blankbook,  envelope,  tag,  paper-box  fact's 

paper  and  pulp  mills;  printing  and  publishing  houses 

Textile — Carpet,  cotton,  hemp  and  jute,  knitting,  lace  and  em- 
broidery, linen  mills;  rope  and  cordage,  sail  and  tent  factories; 

silk,  woolen  and  worsted,  and  sundry  textile  mills 

Miscellaneous  indust's — Broom  and  brush,  button  fact's;  charcoal 
and  coke  works;  cigar  and  tobacco  fact's;  electric;  gas;  oil 
refineries;  rubber  fact's;  straw  fact's;  other  misc.  Industries.  . 

Transportation:  Steam  railroads 

Telegraph  and  telephone  companies 

Water   transportat'n;    construct'n   and   maint.   of  streets,   roads, 

sewers,  and  bridges;  elect,  and  street  railways;  Uvcry  stables; 

truck,  transfer,  cab,  and  hack  compan's;  express:  postal  service 

Trade  and  merchandise  in  gen.:  Bank'g  and  brokerage;  insurance; 

real    estate;    wholesale    and    retail    trades;    grain    elevators; 

stockyards;  warehouses  and  cold-storage  plants 

Public  service  (not  elsev/here  classified):  Public  admin  (U.  S.,  State, 
county,  city,  and  township  employees) ;  National  Defense 
(Army  and  Navy);  marshals,  sheriffs,  policemen,  watchmen. , 
Professional  service:  Actors,  showmen,  etc.;  artists,  sculpt's,  teach's; 
clergy;  officials  of  lodges,  relig.  and  char,  work's;  legal  profe.ss'n; 
literary  profes'ns  (Journal's,  etc.) ;  dentists,  physic's  and  surg'g; 

veterinary  surgeons:  musicians:  students 

Domestic  and  manual  service  in  gen.;  Barb's  and  ha-irdr's;  bartend's; 
cooks;  hotel  keep's  and  manag's;  janitors,  port's,  restaurant, 
cafe,  and  lunchr'm  keep's;  saloon  keepers;  servants;  waiters; 

clerks;  laundries;  other  occupations 

Laborers  (in  general) .j^. . .  . 


Industrial 
Popula- 
tion. 


18,843,518 
200,991 
227.325 
600»148 
275,561 
51,223 

2,878,792 
10,307 
80.331 

246,072 
754,062 


396,519 

373,701 

62,071 

822.540 

343,805 

89,190 

541,926 


268,537 
607,986 

919,800 


1,254,361 

1,236,867 

297,067 


1,297,132 

4,708,908 

629,315 

2,202,609 


4,208,862 
4,053,385 


Regis- 
tered. 


2,439,246 
78.241 
46,646 
225,109 
92,062 
33,040 

700,790 
25,999 
24,946 

74,580 
114,687 


160,709 

241.145 

35,949 

310,318 
81,575 
17,669 

145,379 


123,992 
101,750 

155,938 


275,679 

277,018 

66,119 


400,513 
364,151 
335,053 

383,140 


977,853 
1,277,213 


CaUed. 


782,503 
24,507 
15,642 
74,109 
35,553 
10,610 

231,835 
9,692 
7.9 

24,928 
44,952 


50,929 
92,434 
11,910 

102,860 

24,663 

5,752 

43,144 


46,480 
30,711 

62,462 


87,780 
85,063 
20,128 


128,262 
111,641 
106,008 

119,448 


297,348 
403,649 


Accept- 
ed for 
Service. 


205,731 

7,984 

4,570 

18.710 

10,377 

3,026 

57,970 
2,310 
1,926 

6,022; 
7,370 


11,687 

22,068 

2,628 

24,857 
5.063 
1,472 

11,458 


10,182 
6,745 

9,833 


22.089 

21,657 

4,955 


34,565 
24,892 
23.606 

30,082 


78,221 
114.955 


NOTE — The  following  adjustments  must  be  made  for  unavoidable  uncertainties:  The  census  figures 
of  1910  (Thirteenth  Census)  had  to  be  corrected  by  estimate  for  1917  (column  1);  and  this  estimate  can 
only  be  approximate,  owing  to  the  shifting  of  industrial  activities,  etc.  The  marked  instance  In  which 
the  census  projection  appears  as  too  low  is  tliat  of  the  group  "powder,  cartridges,  and  dynamite."  Obviously 
the  large  shift  to  this  industry  was  impossible  to  estimate  by  any  determinable  percentage.  The  figures 
in  column  2  are  subject  to  some  uncertainty. 


POPULATION    OF 

PRINCIPAL 

CUBAN    TOWNS    AND    CITIES. 

Cities. 

Popu- 
lation. 

Miles 

From 

Havana 

Cities. 

Popu- 
lation. 

Miles 

From 

Havana 

Cities. 

Popu- 
lation. 

Miles 

From 

Havana 

Antilla 

551 

'4,990 

4,102 

8,333 

29,616 

24,280 

4,242 

30,100 

516 
36 
454 
226 
336 
106 
272 
195 

Guanaba£oa 

Guanajay 

Guantana.mo.  .  . . 
Giiines 

14,368 
6,400 

14,559 

8.053 

353,509 

7,592 

2,175 

15,819 

4 

36 

672 

45 

■■465" 

50 

487 

Marianao 

Matanzas 

Plnar  del  Rio  . . . 
Sagua  la  Grande. 
San  Antonio .... 
Sancti  Spiritus.  . 

Santa  Clara 

Santiago  de  Cuba 

9,332 
36,009 
10,634 
12,393 

9,125 
17,440 
16,702 
45,470 

9 

Batabano 

Bayamo 

Calbarlen 

55 
111 

175 

Camagiiey 

Cardenas 

Clego  de  Avlla.  . 
Cienfuegos 

Havana 

Holguin 

Madruga 

Manzanillo 

22 
234 
176 
532 

POPULATION  OF  PANAMA  CANAL  ZONE. 

A  census  of  the  Canal  Zone  taken  by  the  police  and  fire  division  as  of  June  30,  1918,  shows  a  total 
civilian  population  of  21.707.  a  decrease  of  1,588  as  compared  with  a  year  before.  Of  the  total  population, 
2,827  American  men  and  7,074  men  of  other  nationalities  (chiefly  British  West  Indian  negroes)  were  em- 
ployed by  the  Panama  Canal  and  Railroad.  ITiere  were  in  the  Canal  Zone  1,776  American  women  and 
2,040  American  children  aad  3,073  women  and  4,102  children  of  other  nationalities. 


Incorporated  Places  of  5,000  or  More  Inhabitants. 


265 


INCORPORATED    PLACES    OF    5,000    OR    MORE    INHABITANTS. 

(.According  to  the  1910  Census  unless  otherwise  indicated.) 


ALABAMA.         | 

Annlston 12,791 

Bessemer ....  10,864 
Birmingham.    132,685 

Dotban 7,016 

Florence  ....       6,689 

Gadsden.  .  .  .  10,557 
Huntsville . . .       7,611 

Mobile 51,521 

Montgomery.  38,136 
New  Decatur      6.118 

Selma 13,649 

Talladega.  .  .       5,854 

Tuscaloosa. .  .       8,407 

ARIZONA. 

Bisbee 9,019 

Douglas 6,437 

Globe 7,083 

Pboeni.'c 11,134 

Prescott 5,092 

Tucson 13,193 

ARKANSAS. 

Argenta 11,138 

Fort  Smith....  23,975 

Helena 8,772 

Hot  Springs..  14,434 
Jonesboro.  .  .       7,123 

Utile  Rock..  45,941 
Paragould...       5,248 

Pine  Bluff...  15,102 
Texarkana. , .       5,655 
CALIFORNIA  (1917) 
Official  ■  State  Est. 

Alameda 30,000 

Alhambra . . .  10,050 
Anaheim.  .  . .       5,163 

Bakersfleld .  .  20,000 

Berkeley 67.500 

Chlco 56,000 

Colton 5,000 

Corona 5,000 

Daly  City . .  .  55.000 
El  Centre .  .  .       6,000 

Eureka 17,000 

Fresno 45,000 


CALIFORNIA-Con. 

Vallejo 16,000 

Venice 9,000 

Visalia 6,500 

Watsonville..  6,100 
Whittier ....  8,250 
Woodland . ... 5^0_00 

COLORADO. 

Boulder 9,539 

Canon  City..  5,162 

Col.  Springs. .  29,078 

Cripple  Creek  6,206 

Denver 213,381 

Fort  Collins. .  8,210 

Gd.  Junction.  7,754 

Greeley 8,179 

Le.adville 7,508 

Pueblo 44,395 

Trinidad 10,204 

CONNECTICUT. 


8,500 

5.000 

5,400 

35,000 

600,000 

5,000 

8,000 

5,000 

5,000 

6,500 

Oakland 196,000 


Glendale . 

Grass  Valley 

Hanford 

Long  Beach. 
Los  Angeles 
Marysville. . . 
Modesto .  .  . . 
Monrovia.  .  . 
Monterey .  .  . 
Napa. 


Ontario 

Orange 

Palo  Alto. . .  . 
Pasadena. . . . 
Peta  Luma . . 
Pittsburgh. . . 

Pomona 

PorterviUe. . . 
Red  BluH .  .  . 

Redlands 

Richmond . . . 

Riverside 

Sacramento. . 

Salinas 

S.  Bernardino 
San  Diego . . . 
S.  Francisco . 
San  Jose .... 
San  Leandro 
S.  L.  Obispo . 
San  Mateo .  . 
San  Raphael 
Santa  Ana. . . 
Santa  Barbara 
Santa  Clara 
Santa  Cruz . . 
Santa  Monica 
Santa  Rosa . . 
S.  Pasadena. 
Stockton. . . . 


75,000 

5,000 

6,000 

42,300 

75,000 

6,000 

14,500 

55,000 

5,072 

12,000 

19,500 

20,000 

65.000 

5,000 

18,000 

90,000 

550,000 

35,000 

5,500 

6,500 

6,000 

6,500 

6,000 

15,500 

6,000 

13,600 

15,000 

12,5U0 

8,250 

42,000 


Ansonia 

15,152 

Branford 

(town).  . . . 

6,047 

Bridgeport.. . 

102,054 

Bristol 

9,527 

Danbury .. .  . 

20,234 

Derby 

8,991 

E.  Hartford... 

8,138 

Enneld 

9,719 

Fairneld 

6,134 

Greenwich . . . 

16,463 

Groton 

6,495 

Hamden 

5,850 

Hartford.  . .. 

98,915 

Huntington... 

6,545 

Killlngly 

6,564 

Manchester... 

13,641 

Meriden 

27,265 

Middletown. 

11,851 

.Vaiigatuck .  . 

12.722 

Xew  Britain.. 

43,916 

New  Haven. . 

133,605 

New  London. 

19,659 

New  Milford. 

5,010 

Norwalk .... 

6,954 

Norwich .... 

20,367 

Plaintleld .... 

6,719 

Plymouth.  .  . 

5,021 

Putnam 

6,637 

Rockville. . .  . 

7,977 

Southington . 

6,516 

S.  Norwalk.. 

8,968 

Stafford 

5,233 

Stamford. . . . 

25,138 

Stonington. . . 

9,154 

Stratford,. . . 

5,712 

Torrington.  . 

15,483 

Wallingford. . 

8,690 

Waterbury .  . 

73,141 

West  Haven . 

8,543 

Willimantic... 

11,230 

Winsted 

7,754 

DELAWARE. 

Wilmington.. 

87,411 

DISTRICT 

OF 

COLUMBIA. 

Washington. . 

331,069 

FLORIDA    (1915) 

State  Census. 

Gainesville .  .        6,736 

Jacksonville .      66,850 

Key  West...      18,495 

Lakeland 7,287 

Miami _1d,592 

Ocala 5,370 

Orlando 6,438 

Pensacola .  .  .  23,319 
St.  Augustine  5,471 
St.  Petersburg  7,186 
Tallahassee..       5,193 

Tampa 48,160 

West  Tampa        7,837 


GEORGIA. 

Albany 8,190 

Amerlcus 8,063 

Athens 14,913 

Atlanta 154.839 

Augusta 41,040 

Brunswick . . .  10,182 

Columbus.  . .  20,554 

Cordele.  ....  5,883 

Dalton 5,324 

Dublin 5,795 

Elberton.  .  . .  6,483 

Fitzgerald .  . .  5,795 

Gainesville. . .  5,925 

Griffin 7,478 

La  Grange . . .  5,587 

Macon 40,665 

Marietta.  . .  .  5,949 

Newnan 5,548 

Rome 12,099 

Savannah.  .  .  65,064 

Thomasville..  6,727 

Valdosta.  .  ..  7,656 

Waycross....  14,485 

IDAHO. 

Boise 17,358 

Coeur  d'Alene  7,291 

Lewiston ....  6,043 

Pocatello 9,110 

Twin  Falls . . .  5,258 

ILLINOIS. 

Alton 17,528 

Aurora 29,807 

Beardstown. .  6,107 

Belleville 21,122 

Belvidere 7,253 

Berwyn 5,841 

Bloominston.  25,768 

Blue  Island .  .  8,043 

Cairo 14,548 

Canton 10,453 

Carbondale..  5,411 

Centralia 9,680 

Champaign..  12,421 

Charleston. . .  5,884 

Chicago 2,185,283 

Chicago  H'ts.  14,525 

Cicero 14,557 

Clinton 5,165 

CoUinsvllle.  .  7,478 

Danville.  .  .  .  27,871 

Decatur 31,140 

De  Kalb ....  8,102 

Dixon 7,216 

Duquoin.  .  . .  5,454 

E.St.  Louis..  58,547 

Edwardsville.  5,014 

Elgin 25,976 

Evanston 24,978 

Forest  Park. .  6,594 

Freeport.  .  .  .  17,567 

Galesburg.  ..  22,089 

Granite 9,903 

Harrlsbiu'g. . .  5,309 

Harvey 7,227 

Herrin 6,861 

Jaclisonvllle..  15,326 

Joliet 34,670 

Kankakee.  . .  13,986 

Kewanee ....  9,307 

La  Grange. .  .  5,282 

La  Salle 11,537 

Lincoln 10,892 

Litchfield ....  5,971 

Macomb.  .  . .  5,774 

MadLson.  .  .  .  5,046 

Marion 7,093 

Mattoon.  .  . .  11,456 

May  wood.  .  .  8,03: 

Moline 24,199 

Monmouth.  .  9,12 

Mt.  Carmel..  6,934 

Mt.  Vernon..  8,007 

Murphysboro  7,485 

Oak  Park '19.444 

Olney 5,011 


ILLINOIS— 

Cont'd. 

Ottawa 

9,535 

Pana 

-     6,055 

Paris 

7,664 

Pekin 

9,897 

Peoria 

66,950 

Peru 

7,984 

Pontiac 

6,090 

Quincy 

36,587 

Rocklord . . .  . 

45,401 

Rock  Island. . 

24,335 

Springfield..  . 

51,678 

Spring  Valley 

7,035 

Staunton.. . . 

5,0  IS 

Sterling 

■7.467 

Streator 

14,2.53 

Taylorville. . 

5,446 

Urbana 

8,245 

Waukegan . . . 

16,069 

INDIANA. 

Alexandria. . .  5,096 

Anderson ....  22,476 

Bedford 8,716 

Bloomington.  8,838 

Brazil 9.310 

Clinton 6,22i 

Columbus.  .  .  8,813 

Coniiersville..  7,738 

Crawfd,sville.  9,371 

East  Chicago  19,098 

Elkhart 19,282 

Elwood 11,028 

EvansviUe  . . .  69,647 

Fort  Wayne. .  63,933 

Frankfort...  8,634 

Gary 16,802 

Goshen 8,514 

Greensburg . .  5,420 

Hammond...  20,925 

Hartford.  ..  .  6,187 

Huntington...  10,272 

Indianapolis..  233. G50 

Jeffer.sonville.  10,412 

Kokomo.  .  .  .  17,010 

Lafayette 20,081 

Laporte 13,525 

Lebanon.  .  .  .  5,474 

Linton 5,906 

Logansport..  19,050 

MadLson.  .  .  .  6,934 

Marion 19, .359 

Michigan 

City 19,027 

Mishawaka..  11,886 

Mt.  Vernon..  5,563 

M  uncle 24,005 

New  Albany..  20,629 

Newcastle..  9,416 

Noblesville.  .  5,073 

Peru 10,910 

Portland....  5,130 

Princeton 6,448 

Richmond...  22,324 

Seymour.  .  . .  6,305 

Shelbyville. . .  9,500 

South  Bend  . .  53,684 

Terre  Haute..  58,157 

Valparaiso...  6,!'"" 

Vinoennes.  . .  14,895 

Wabash 8,687 

Washington. .  7,854 

Whiting 6,587 

IOWA    (1915) 

Albla 5,138 

Ames 5,091 

Atlantic 5,039 

Boone  (State 

Kansas)...  12,253 

Burlington. . .  24,261 

Cedar  Falls. .  6,284 

Cedar  Rapids  40,667 

Centervllle.  .  7,803 

Charlton 5,235 

Charles  City  6,374 

Clinton 26,091 

CouncllBluffS  31,354 


IOWA— CoWd, 

Creston 7,572 

Davenport    ."  48,483 

Des  Moines.,'  105,652 

Dubuque..  . .  41,795 

Fairfield '     6,11! 

Fort  Dodge.-.'  19,3'i2 

Ft.  Madison.  9,507 

Grlnnell '   5,001 

Iowa  City  . .  12,03 ! 

Keokuk 15,23 ) 

Le-  Mars ....  5,070 

Marsballt'wn  16,065 

Mason  City.  17,152 

Muscatine...  15,785 

Newton 5,165 

Oelwein 7,137 

Oskaloosa...  10,485 

Ottumwa 22,437 

Shenandoah .  5,837 

Sioux  City...  61,774 

Waterloo 33,097 

Webster  City 

(1917) 5,834 

KANSAS. 

(State  Assessors,  1917 

Census.) 

Arkans's  City  8,652 

Atchison....  15,241 

Chanute 10,185 

Cofleyville...  13,313 

Concordia . . .  5,085 

Dodge  City. ,  5,304 

Eldorado....  7,154 

Emporia....  10,645 

Fort  Scott. .  .  12,39.") 

Galena 6,382 

Groat  Bend..  5,039 

Hutchinson..  22,571 

Independence  10,941 

lola 9,32h 

Junction ....  5, 836 

Kansas  City .  95,223 

Lawrence. . . .  13,401 

Leavenworth  22,049 

Manhattan..  6,811 

Newton 7,720 

Ottawa 8,980 

Parsons 6,929 

Perry 5,45.5 

Pittsburg 19,169 

Red  Oak ....  5,601 

Rosedale 7,675 

Salina 12,578 

Topeka 44,325 

Wellington .  .  6,055 

Wichita 68,318 

Wlndfleld....  7,932 

KENTUCKY. 

Ashland 8,688 

Bellevue.  .  .  .  6,683 

Bowling  Gr'n  9,173 

Covington . . .  53,270 

Danville.  .  .  .  5,420 

Dayton 6,979 

Frankfort.  .  .  10,46.-i 

Henderson.. .  11,452 

HopkinsvlUe.  9,419 

Le-xington.  . .  35,099 

Louisville. . .  .  223,928 

Mayfleld....  5,916 

Maysville.  .  .  6,14! 

Middlesboro.  7,305 

Newport.  .  . .  30,309 

Owensboro. ..  16.011 

Paducah.  .  .  .  22,760 

Paris 5,859 

Richmond . .  .  5,340 

Winchester.  .  7,156 

LOUISIANA. 

Alexandria.   .  11,213 

Baton  Rouge.  14.897 

Crowley 5,099 

Houma 5,024 


WQ  Incorporated  Places  of  5,000  or  More  Inhahitants — Continued. 


LOUISIANA- 
LaJayette. . . . 
Lake  Charles. 

Monroe 

Morgan  City. 
New  Iberia.  . 
New  Orleaus . 
Stu'oveport. . . 
MAINE. 

Auburn 

Augusta 

Bangor 

Bath 

Blddetord.  .  . 

Brewer 

Brunswick. . . 

Calais 

Caribou 

Gardiner .... 

Houlton 

Lewiston .... 
Old  Town .  .  . 
Portland .... 
Presque  Isle. . 
Rockland .... 
Rumlord  Falls 

Saco 

Sanf  ord 

Skowhegan.  . 
S.  Portland .  . 
VVaterville . . . 
Westbrook... 


-Con. 

6,39:3 

11,4'19 

10,209 

5,477 

7,499 

339,075 

28,015 

15,004 

13,211 

24,80:j 
9,396 

17,079 
5,liC7 
5,341 
6,116 
5,377 
5,311 
5,845 

26,247 
6.317 

63,571 
5,179 
8,174 
5,427 
6,533 
9,049 
5,311 
7,471 

11,458 
8,281 


MARYLAND. 
Annapolis.  .  .       8,609 
Baltimore.  .  .    558,485 
Cambridge. . .      6,407 
Cumberland..     21,839 

Frederick 10,411 

Frostburg.  .  .       6,028 
Hagersiowa. .     16,507 

Salisbury 6,690 

MASSACHUSETTS 
(1915  State  Census.) 


Abington. 

Adams 

Amesbury . . 
Amherst .  .  . 
Andover ... 
Arlington. . . , 

Athol 

Attleboro. . . , 

Belmont 

Beverly 

Blackstone . . 


5,646 
13,218 

8,543 

5,558 

7,978 
14,889 

9,783 
18,480 

8,081 
22,959 

5,689 


Boston 745,439 

Brainti-ee 9,343 

Bridgewater .  9,381 

Brockton 62,288 

Brookllne. . . .  33,490 

Cambridge..  108,822 

Chelmstord . .  5,182 

Chelsea 42,426 

Chicopee 30,138 

Clinton 13,192 

Concord 6,681 

Danvers 11,177 

Dedham 11,043 

Easthampton  9,845 

Easton 5,054 

Everett 37,718 

Fairhaven . . .  6,277 

Fall  River...  124,791 

Fltchburg  .  .  .  39,656 

Framingham.  15,860 

PYanklin ....  6,440 

Gardner 16,376 


Gloucester. 

Gralton 

G't  Bar'gton 
Greenfield . . . 
Haverhill. 


24,478 

6,250 

6,627 

12,618 

49,450 


Holyoke 60,816 

Hudson 6,758 

Hyde  Park . .  15,507 

Ipswich 6,272 

Lawrence 90,259 

Leominster. .  17,646 

Lowell 107,978 

Lynn 95,803 

Maiden 48.907 


MASS'ETTS- 

Mansfield .  . . 

Marblehead 

Marlboro. . . . 

Maynard 

Medford .... 

Melrose 

Methuen .... 

Middleboro. . 

Milford 

Milton 

Montague.. . 

Natick 

Needham. ..  . 

New  Bedlord 

Newbury  port 

Newton  .... 

North  Adams 

North  A  u- 
dover 

North  Attle- 
boro   

Nortliampton 

Nortlibridge . 

Norwood .... 

Orange. ..... 

Palmer 

Peabody .... 

PittsflolQ 

Plymouth . .  . 

Quincy 

Reading 

Revere 

Rockland... . 

Salem 

Saugus 

Sonierville . . . 

Southbridge , 

Spencer 

Springfield. . . 

Stoughlon . .. 

Swam.pscott . 

Taunton .... 

Wakefield . .  . 

VValtham 

Ware 

\Vaterto\Fn. . 

Webster 

Wellesley. . .  . 

West  Spring- 
field   

Westboro. .. . 

Westfleld 

Weymouth .  . 

Whitman. .  .  . 

Wlnchendon . 

Winchester. . 

Winthrop .  .  . 

Woburn 

Worcester . .  . 


-Con. 

5,772 

7,606 
15,250 

6,770 
30,509 
16,880 
14,007 

8,631 
13,684 

8,600 

7,925 
11,119 

6,542 

109,508 

15,311 

43,113 

22,035 

5,930 

5,930 
21,654 

9,254 
10,977 

6,379 

9,468 
18,625 
39,007 
12,926 
40,674 

6.805 
25,178 

7,074 
37,200 
10,226 
86,854 
14,217 

5,994 
102,971 

7,489 

6,982 
36,161 
12,781 
30,154 

9,346 
16,515 
12,563 

6,439 

11,339 

5,925 

18,411 

13,969 

7,520 

5.908 

10,00.5 

12,758 

16,410 

162,697 


St.  Joseph. 
S  a  u  1 1     S  t  e 

Marie 

Tluee  Rivers. 

Tra\'erse  C'ity 

Vyandotte.  . 

Ypsilantl.. .  . 


MICHIGAN. 

Adrian 10,763 

Albion 5,833 

Alpena 12,706 

Ann  Arbor...  14.817 

Battle  Creek .  25,267 

Bay  City....  45,166 
Benton    Har 

bor 9,185 

BoyneCity..  5,218 

Cadillac 8,376 

Cheboygan.  .  6,859 

Coldwater . . .  5,945 

Detroit 465,766 


Dowagiac . 
Escanaba .... 

Flint 

Grand  Haven 
Grand  R'pids 
Hancock . 
Hillsdale. 


5,088 
13,194 
38,550 

5,856 
112,571 

8,981 

5,001 


Holland 10,490 

Houghton.  .  .  5,113 

Ionia 5,030 

IronMount'n  9,216 

Ironwood 12,821 

Ishpeming...  12,448 

Jackson 31,433 

Kalamazoo.  .  39,437 

Lansing 31,229 

Laurlum. . . .  8,537 


MICH. 
LucHngton . . . 
Manistee.. . . 
Marquette..  . 
Menominee . , 

.Monroe 

Mt.  Clemens 
Muskegon.. . 
Negaunee.  .  . 

Niles 

Owosso 

Pontiac 

Port  Huron 


Cont'd. 

9,132 

,  .      12,381 

.      11,603 

. .      10,507 

6,893 

7,707 

24,062 

8,460 

5.156 

9,639 

14,532 

18,803 


Saginaw 50.510 


1,936 

12.615 
5,072 

12.115 
8,287 
6,230 


MINNESOTA. 


Albert  Lea . . . 

Austin 

Bemidji 

Brainerd.  .  . . 

Chisholm 

Cloquet 

Crookston . .  . 

Duluth 

Eveleth 

Faribault 

Fergus  Falls.. 

Hibbing 

Little  Falls... 
Mankato .... 
Minneapolis.. 

New  Ulm 

Owatonna . .  . 
Red  Wing.  .  . 
Pi,och ester.  .  . 

St.  Cloud 

St.  Paul 

Stillwater — 

Virginia 

Winona 


6,192 

0,960 

5,099 

8,526 

7,684 

7,031 

7,559 

78,446 

7,026 

9,001 

6,887 

.8,832 

6,078 

10,365 

301,408 

5,648 

5,653 

9,048 

7,844 

10,600 

214,744 

10,198 

10,473 

13,583 


MISSISSIPPI. 


Biloxi 

Brookhaven.. 
Columbus.  .  . 

Corinth 

Greenville . . . 
Greenwood.  . 
Gulf  port.  .  .  . 
Hattiesburg. . 

Jackson 

Laurel 

McComb. ..  . 
Meridian.. . . 

Natchez 

Vicltsburg .  . . 
Yazoo 


8,049 

5,293 

8,988 

-5,020 

9,610 

5,836 

6,386 

11,733 

21,262 

8.465 

6,237 

23.285 

11,791 

20.814 

6,796 


MISSOURI, 


Brookfleld . .  . 
Cape   Girar- 
deau   

Carthage .... 
Chlllicothe... 
Columbia... . 
Flat  River... 

Fulton 

Hannibal .... 
Independence 
Jefferson  City 

Joplin 

Kansas  City.. 
KirksvlUe .  .  . 
Lexington.  . . 

Mexico 

Moberly.  .  .  . 

Nevada 

Poplar  Bluff.. 
St  Charles... 
St.  Joseph.  . . 
St.  Louis. .  . . 

Sedalia 

.Springfield. . . 

Trenton 

Webb  City. . . 


6^49 

8,475 
9,483 
6,265 
9.662 
5,112 
5,228 

13,341 
9,859 

11,850 

32,073 

2i8.381 

6,347 

5,242 

5,939 

10,923 
7.176 
6.916 
9,437 

77,403 
687.029 

17.822 

35,201 
5,656 

11,817 


MISSOURI — Con. 
Webster 

Groves 7.080 

Weilston 7.312 

MONTANA 

Anaconda.  .  .  10,134 

Billings 10,03! 

Bozeman....  5,107 

Butte 39,165 

Great  Falls..  13,948 

Helena 12,515 

Kalispell..  . .  5,549 

Livingston..  .  5,359 

Missoula.  .  .  .  12,869 

NEBRASKA. 

Beatrice 9,356 

Columbus...  5,014 

Fairbury.  .  .  .  5,294 

Fremont.  .  .  .  8,718 

Grand  Island  10,320 

Hastings.  .  .  .  9,338 

Kearney.  .  .  .  6,202 

Lincoln 43,973 

Nebraska 

City 5,488 

Norfolk 6,025 

Omaha 124,096 

South  Omaha  26,2.i9 

York 6,235 

NEVADA. 

Reno 10,867 

NEW  H'MPSHIRE 

Berlin 11,780 

Claremont . . .  7,529 

Concord 21,497 

Derry 5,123 

Dover 13,247 

Franklin.  .  .  .  6,132 

Keene 10,008 

Laconia 10,183 

Lebanon.  .  .  .  5,718 

Manchester...  70,063 

Nashua 26,005 

Portsmouth..  11,269 

Rochester.  .  .  8,868 

Somersworth.  6,704 

NEW  JERSEY 

(1915.) 

Asbury  Park 
Atlantic  City 
Bayonne .... 

Belleville 

Bloomfield... 
Boonton .... 
Boundbrook . 
Bridgeton .  . . 
Burlington. . . 
Camden  .... 
Collingswood 

Dover 

East  Orange . 
Elizabeth... . 
Englewood .  . 
Fort  Lee 


10,910 

51,667 

64,461 

11,990 

17,306 

5,207 

5,152 

13,011 

9,044 

102,215 

6,600 

8,971 

40,961 

82,036 

11,071 

5,288 

Garfield 15,455 

Gloucester..  .  10.554 
Guttenberg . .  6,322 
Hackecsack.  15,856 
Haddonfield .  5,077 
Hammontoa        5,896 

Harrison 14,520 

Hobol;en 67,611 

Irvlngton 20,342 

Jersey  City..  270,903 
Kearney....  22,150 
Long  Branch  14,565 
Madison....       5.628 

Millville 13,307 

Montclalr...  25,029 
Morristown..      13,006 

Newark 366,721 

New    Bruns- 
wick        30,019 

North  Plain- 
field  6,037 

Nutley 7,987 

Orange 29,805 

Passaic 61,225 


N.  IJERSEY- 
Paterson .... 
Perth  ,\mboy 
Phillipsburg . 

Plaiulield 

Princeton 

Rahway 

Red  Bank .  . . 
Ridgewood .  . 
Roosevelt .  .  . 
Rutherford .  . 

Salem 

Somerville . . . 
South  Amboy 
South  Orange 
South  River. 

Summit 

Trenton 

Union. 

Vineland. . . . 

Westfield 

W.  Hoboken . 
W.  New  York 
West  Orange 
Woodbury. . . 


-Con 

124,815 

39,719 

15,430 

24,516 

5,678 

9,586 

8,631 

8,049 

8,049 

8,347 

6,953 

6,038 

7,482 

5,866 

6,691 

9,136 

103,190 

21,739 

6,531 

8,147 

38,776 

22,943 

13,610 

5,288 


NEW   MEXICO. 
Albuquerque.     11,020 

Roswell 6,172 

Santa  Fe ....       5.072 


NEW  YORK 

Albany 

Albion 

Amsterdam . . 

Auburn 

Batavia 

Binghamton.. 

Buffalo 

Canandaigua. 

CatskiU 

Cohoes 

Corning 

Cortland.  . .  . 

Dunkirk.  .  .  . 

Elmira 

Fredonia.  . .  . 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glens  Falls. . . 

Gloversville. . 

Haverstraw... 

Herkimer 

Hoosick  Falls 

Hornell 

Hudson.  .... 

Hudson  Falls 

Ilion 

Ithaca 

.famestown.  . 

Johnstown.. . 

Kingston .... 

Lackawanna . 

Little  Falls. . . 

Lockport.. . . 

Malone 

Mamaroneck. 

Matteawan.. 

Mech'nicsv'le 

Medina 

Middietown.. 

Mt.  Vernon . . 

New  Rochelle 

New  York ...  4 

Newark 

Newburgh. .. 

Niagara  Falls 

North  Tarry- 
town  

North  Tona- 
wanda .... 

Norwich.  .  .  . 

Ogdensburg. . 

Olean 

Oneida 

Oneonta 

Ossining 

Oswego 

Peekskill.  . .. 

Plattsburg . . . 

Port   Chester 

Port  Jervis. . . 


(1915). 

100,253 

5,016 

31,267 

34,668 

11,613 

48,443 

423,715 

7,217 

5,296 

24,709 

13,730 

11,504 

17,221 

37,176 

5,285 

10,480 

12,446 

15,243 

20,642 

5.669 

7,520 

5,532 

13,617 

11,417 

5,189 

6,588 

14,802 

31,297 

10,447 

25,908 

14,549 

12,273 

17,970 

6,467 

5,699 

6,727 

6,634 

5,683 

15.313 

30.919 

28,867 

,766,883 

6,227 

27,805 

30,445 

5,421 

11,955 

7.422 

15.933 

14.743 

8.317 

9,491 

11.480 

23.368 

15.245 

11,138 

12.809 

9,564 


Incorporated  Places  of  5,000  or  More  Inhabitants — Continued.  267 


NEW  YORK- 

—Con. 

Poughlteepsle 

27,936 

Rensselaer . . . 

10,711 

Rochester.  ,  ■ 

218,U9 

Rome 

20,497 

Salimanca. . . 

5,792 

Saratoga 

Springs. . .  . 

12,693 

Schenectady. 

72,826 

Seneca  Falls.. 

6,588 

Solvay 

5,139 

Syracuse .... 

137,249 

Tarrytown. . , 

5,600 

Tonawanda... 

8,290 

Troy 

76,813 

Utlca 

74,419 

Watertown .  . 

26,730 

Watervliet. . . 

15,074 

White  Plains. 

15,949 

Yonkers 

79,803 

NO.    CAROLINA. 

Asheville. . . . 

18,762 

Charlotte.... 

34,014 

Concord 

8,715 

Durham ...   . 

18,241 

EUzaDetb 

City 

.8,412 

Fayetteville. . 

7,015 

Gastonia .... 

5,759 

Goldsboro . . . 

6,107 

Greensboro. . 

15,895 

High  Point;.. 

9,525 

Klnston 

6,995 

Newbern .... 

9,961 

Raleigh 

19,218 

Rocky  Mo'nt 

8,051 

Salem 

5,533 

Salisbury 

7,153 

Washington.. 

6.211 

Wilmington. . 

25,748 

Wilson 

6,717 

Winston 

17,167 

NO.    DAKOTA. 

Bismarck  ; . . . 

5,443 

Devils  Lake. . 

5,157 

Fargo 

14,331 

Grand  Forks . 

12,478 

Minot 

6,188 

OHIO. 

Akron 

69,067 

Alliance 

15.083 

Ashland 

6,795 

Ashtabula. . . 

18,266 

Athens 

5,463 

Barbertou . . . 

9,410 

Bellaire 

12,946 

Bellefontalue. 

8,238 

Bellevue.  .  .  . 

5,209 

Bowling  Gr'n 

5,222 

Bucyrus 

8,122 

Cambridge. . . 

11.327 

Canal  Dover . 

6,621 

Canton 

50,217 

ChlUicothe  .  . 

14,508 

Cincinnati . . . 

363,591 

Circleville.  .. 

6,744 

Cleveland.  .  . 

560,663 

Columbus.  . . 

181.511 

Conneaut. . . . 

8,319 

Coshocton . . . 

9,603 

Dayton 

116,577 

Defiance.  .  .  . 

7,327 

Delaware 

9,070 

Delphos 

5,038 

East  Cleve- 

land   

9,179 

East   Liver- 

pool  

20,387 

Elyria 

14,825 

Flndlay 

14,833 

Fostorla 

9.597 

Fremont .... 

9,939 

Gallon 

7,214 

Galllpolis.... 

5,560 

Greenville . . . 

6,237 

Hamilton 

35.279 

Ironton 

13.147 

Jackson 

5.468 

Kenton 

7,185 

Lakewood . . . 

15,181 

OHIO — Continued. 

Lancaster.  . .  13,093 

Lima 30,508 

Lorain 28.883 

Madisonville.  5,193 

Mansfield.  .  .  20,768 

Marietta.  .  .  .  12,923 

Marion 18,232 

Martins  F'rry  9,133 

Massilloa 13,879 

Middletown..  13,152 

Mt.  Vernon  . .  9,087 

Nelson ville.  .  6,082 

NevvPhila...  8,542 

Newark 25,404 

Newburg..  . .  5,813 

Niles 8,361 

Norwalk.  .  .  .  7,858 

Norwood 16,185 

Painesville. . .  5,501 

Plqua 13,388 

Portsmouth..  23,481 

Ravenna.  . . ,  5,310 

St.  Bernard . .  5,002 

St.  Marys...  5,732 

Salem 8,943 

Sandusky 19,989 

Sid.ney 6,007 

Springfield...  46,921 

Steabenville..  22,391 

Tiffin 11,894 

Toledo 168,497 

Troy 6,123 

Urbana 7,739 

VanWert. ...  7,157 

Wapakoneta .  5,349 

Warren 11,081 

Washington 

Court  House  7,277 

WelLston....  6,875 

Wcllsvllle 7,769 

Wooster 6.136 

Xenia 8,706 

Youngstown.  79.066 

Zanesvilie.  .  .  28,026 

OKLAHOMA. 

Ardmore.  .  .  .  8,618 

Bartlesville .  ,  6,181 

Chickasha...  10,320 

Durant 5,330 

El  Reno 7,872 

Enid 13,799 

Guthrie 11,654 

Lawton 7,788 

M(3Alester.. .  12,954 

Muskogee.  .  .  25,278 
Oklahoma 

City..^.  ..  64,205 

Sapulpa 8,283 

Shawnee.  .  .  .  12,474 

Tulsa 18,182 

OREGON. 

Ashland 5,020 

Astoria 9,599 

Baker  City. ..  6,742 

Eugene 9,009 

Medford.  .  .  .  8,840 

Portland.  .  ..  207,214 

Salem 14,094 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

AUentown...  51,913 

Altoona 52,127 

Ambridge.  .  .  5,205 

Archbald 7,191 

Ashland 6,853 

Ashley 5,601 

Bangor 5,309 

Beaver  Falls..  12,191 

Bellevue.  .  . .  6,323 

Berwick 5,357 

Bethlehem...  12,837 

Bla!;ely 5,315 

Bloorasburg. .  7,413 

Braddock. ...  19,357 

Bradford. .  . .  14,544 

Bristol 9.256 

Butler 20,728 

Carbondale..  17.040 

Carlisle 10.303 

Carnegie.  .  . .  10,009 


PENNA.— Con. 

Carrick.  ....  6,117 

Catasauqua. .  5,250 

Chambersb'g.  11,800 

Charleroi 9,615 

Chester 38,537 

Clearfield 6,851 

Coaldale.  .  .  .  5,154 

Coatesville. . .  11,084 

Columbia 11,4.54 

Connellsville.  12,845 

Conshoh'ck'n  7,480 

Coraopolls . . .  5,252 

Corry 5,991 

Danville.  .  .  .  7,517 

Darby 6,305 

Dickson  City  9,331 

Donora 8,174 

Dubois 12,623 

Dunmore....  17,615 

DuQuesne.  .  .  15,727 

Duryea 7,487 

E.  Couem'gh.  5,046 

E.  Pittsburgh  5,615 

Easton 23,523 

Edwardsville.  8,407 

Erie 66,525 

Etna 5,830 

Forest  City..  5,749 

Franklin ....  9,767 

Freeland.  .  .  .  6,197 

Gilberton 5,401 

Glassport 5,540 

Great' r  Punx- 

sutawney...  9,058 

Greensburg . .  13,012 

Greenville...  5,909 

Hanover.  .  .  .  7,057 

Harrisburg. . .  64,186 

Hazleton.  .  .  .  25,452 

Homestead.  .  18.713 

Huntingdon..  6,861 

Indiana 5,749 

Jeannette. . .  .  8,077 

Jersey  Shore..  5,381 

Johnstown. .  .  55,482 

Juniata 5,285 

K.ane 6,626 

Kingston 6,449 

Knoxville. ..  .  5,651 

Lancaster .  .  .  47,227 

Lansford.  ..  .  8,321 

Larksville.  .  .  9,288 

Latrobe 8,777 

Lebanon.  .  .  .  19,240 

Lehighton...  5,316 

Lewiston.  . .  .  8,166 

Lock  Haven..  7,772 

Luzerne 5,42G 

M  c  K  e  e  s 

Rocks 14,702 

McKeesport..  42,694 
M  a  h  a  n  o  y 

City 15,936 

Mead  ville.  .  .  12,780 

Middletown..  5,374 

Millvale 7.861 

Milton 7,480 

Mlnersville.  .  7,240 
Monessen.  .  .  11,775 
Monongahela  7,598 
Mt.  Carmel..  17,532 
Mt.  Pleasant.  5,812 
Munhail.  .  .  .  5,185 
Nanticoke . .  .  18.877 
New  Bright'n  8,329 
New  Castle .  .  36,280 
New  Kensing- 
ton   7,707 

Norrlstown.  .  27,875 

No.  Braddock  11,824 

Northampton  8,729 

Oil  City 15,657 

Old  Forge.  .  .  11,324 

Olyphant 8,505 

Philadelphia.  1,549,008 

Phoenixville. .  10.743 
Pittsburgh...    533,903 

Pittston   16,267 

Plymouth.  .  .  16,996 

Pottstown  . .  .  15,599 

PotlsviUe ....  20,236 


PENNA.— 

Con. 

Rankin 

6,042 

Reading 

96,071 

Ridgway.  . .. 

5,408 

Rochester.  .  . 

5,903 

St.  Clair 

12.095 

St.  Marys.  . . 

6,346 

SajTe 

6,426 

Soottdale... . 

5,456 

Soranton.  . . . 

129,867 

Shamokin.  .  . 

19,588 

Sharon 

15,270 

Sharpsburg.  . 

8,153 

.Shenandoah.. 

25,774 

So.  Bethleh'm 

19,973 

South  Sharon 

10,190 

Steelton 

14,246 

Sunbury. . . . 

13,770 

Swissvale .... 

7,381 

Swoyersville.. 

5,396 

Taraaqua..  .  . 

9,462 

Tarentum.  . . 

7,414 

Taylor 

9.060 

Throop 

5.133 

Titusvllle.... 

8,533 

Tyrone 

7,176 

Unioutown.  . 

13,.ili 

Warren 

11,080 

Washington. . 

18,778 

Waynesboro.. 

7.199 

West  Berwick 

5.512 

Westchester. 

11,767 

West  Pittston 

6,848 

Wilkes-Barre. 

67,105 

WllUinsburg.. 

18.924 

Williamsport. 

31,860 

SVilmerding... 

6,133 

Windber .... 

8,013 

Winton 

5,280 

York 

44,750 

RHODE  ISLAND. 

(1915.) 

Bristol 

10,302 

Burri  11  ville .  . 

8,086 

Central  Falls 

23,078 

Coventry. .  .  . 

5,669 

Cranston .... 

26,940 

Cumberland . 

9,299 

E.  Providence 

18,584 

.Johnston .... 

6,693 

Lincoln 

10,149 

Newaort .... 

30,472 

North  Provi- 

dence   

6,780 

Pawtucket. . . 

55,335 

Providence .  . 

247,660 

S.  Kingstown 

6,497 

Warren 

7,241 

Warwick.  .  .  . 

13,302 

W.Warwick. 

15,782 

Westerly .... 

10,175 

Woonsocket . 

40,075 

SO.  CAROLINA. 

Anderson....  9,654 

Charleston. . .  58,833 

Columbia 26,319 

Florence.  .  .  .  7,057 

Georgetown. .  5,530 

Greenville...  15,741 

Greenwood.  .  6,614 

Newberry .  .  .  5,028 

Orangeburg...  5,906 

Rock  Hill. ...  7,216 

Spartanburg.  17,517 

Sumter 8,109 

Union 5,623 

SOUTH    DAKOTA. 

Aberdeen...,  11,846 

Huron 6,112 

Lead 8,128 

Mitchell 7,785 

Sioux  Falls.  .  20,929 

Watertown.  .  8,313 

TENNESSEE. 

Bristol 7,148 

Chattanooga.  44,604 

Clarksville..  .  8,548 

Cleveland.  .  .  5,549 

Columbia 5,754 


TENNESSEE— Cora . 

Jackson 15,779 

Johnson  City  8,502 

Knoxville 36,346 

Memphis 131,105 

Nashville ....  110.364 

Park  City...  5,126 


TEXAS 

Abilene ..... 

9,204 

AmarlUo .  .  ." . 

9,957 

Austin.  . . .  i . 

29,860 

Beaumont.. . 

20,640 

Brownsville... 

10,517 

Brownwood. . 

6,967 

Cleburne. .  . . 

10,364 

Gorp'sChristl 

8,222 

Corslcana.  .  . 

9,749 

Dallas 

92,104 

Denison 

13,632 

El  Paso 

39,279 

Ennls 

5,669 

Fort  Worth . . 

73,312 

Gainesville... 

7,624 

Galveston.  . . 

36,981 

Greenville. . . 

8,850 

Hlllsboro 

6,115 

Houston 

78,800 

Houston 

Heights.  . . 

6,984 

Laredo 

14,855 

Longview. . . , 

5,155 

Marshall.  . . . 

11,452 

Orange 

5,527 

Palestine. . . . 

10,482 

Paris 

11,269 

Port  Arthur. . 

7,663 

San  Angelo.  . 

10,321 

San  Antonio.. 

96,611 

Sherman .... 

12,412 

Sulphur 

Springs. . . . 

5,1.51 

Taylor 

5,314 

Temple 

10,993 

Terrell 

7,059 

Texarkana. . . 

9,790 

Tyler 

10,400 

Waco 

26;425 

Waxahachle.. 

6,205 

Weatherford . 

S,074 

Wichita  Falls 

8.200 

UTAH. 

Logan 

7,522 

Ogden 

25,580 

Provo 

8,925 

Salt  Lake  City 

92,777 

VERMONT. 

Barre 

10,734 

Bennington 

(town) .... 

8,698 

Bennington 

(village) . 

6,211 

Brattleboro 

(town)  .... 

7,541 

Brattleboro 

(village) . 

6,517 

Burlington. . . 

20,463 

Colchester . . . 

6,450 

Montpelier.  . 

7,856 

Rockingham . 

6,207 

Rutland 

13,546 

St.  Albans... 

6,38! 

St.Johnsbury 

(town) .... 

8,098 

St.  Johns- 

bury 

(vlUage) 

6,693 

VIRGINLA. 

Alexandria. . . 

15,329 

Bristol 

6,247 

Charl  'tesvllle 

6,765 

Clifton  Forge 

5,7  4.S 

Danville 

19,020 

Fred'icksburg 

5,874 

Hampton 

5,50"i 

Lynchburg. . . 

29,494 

N'port  News. 

20,203 

Norfolk 

67.452 

Petersburg. . . 

24,127 

Portsmouth.. 

33,190 

268 


Enemy  Aliens  in  Iowa. 


INCORPORATED   PLACES   OF   5.000   OR 

MORE   INHABITANTS— 

OoTiiinved. 

VIRGINIA- 

—Con. 

W.VIRGINIA 

—Con. 

WISCONSIN 

—Con. 

WISCONSIN— Con. 

PORTO  RICO 

—Con. 

Rlchmond . .  . 

127,628 

Clarksburg.  . 

9,201 

Green  Bay. . . 

25,236 

Superior 40,384 

Guayama. . . . 

8,321 

Roanoke.  .  . . 

34,874 

Elkins 

5,260 

JanesviUe. .. . 

13.894 

Watertown.  .       8,829 

Humacao 

5,159 

Staunton .... 

10,601 

Fairmont 

9,711 

Kenosha.  .  .  . 

21,371 

Waukesha . .  .       8,740 

Mayaguez.   . 

16,563 

SalTclk 

7,008 

Grafton 

7,503 

La  Crosse.  .  . 

30,417 

Wausau •    16,560 

Ponce 

35,005 

Winchester.  . 

5,861 

Huntington... 

31,161 

Madison.  .  .  . 

25,531 

West  Allls .  .  .       6,045 

San  Juan.. . . 

48,716 

Maninsburg . 

10,698 

Manitowoc.  . 

13,027 

\auco 

6,589 

WASHINGTON. 

Morgantown. 

9,150 

Marinette.  .  . 

14,610 

WYOMING. 

Aberdeen 

13,600 

Mouiidsvllle.. 

8,918 

Marshiield.. . 

5.783 

Cheyenne   .  .       9,i(ii 

HAWAII     (1917.)   . 

Bellingiiain . . 

2-1,298 

Parkcrsnurg.. 

17,842 

Mcnasha.  .  . . 

6,081 

Rock  Springs      5,G99 

(Estimates  oi 

Tnrri. 

Centralia 

Everett 

7,3U 
2'1,8U 

Wheeling .... 
WI  SCONS 

41,641 

'N. 

Menomonie... 
Merrill 

5,036 
8,689 

Sheridan ....       8.906 
Laramie  with  8,237 

torial  Government.) 

Hoqul.".m .... 

8,171 

Antigo 

Milwaukee... 

373.857 

pop.    by    the    U.    S. 

Ewa 

14,627 

No.  YaUlma.. 

14,082 

7,!9G 

Neenah 

5,731 

Census    in    1910   had 

Hamakua .  .  . 

9,037 

Olympla 

6,!)!)e 

Appleton .... 

16,773 

Oconto 

5,629 

4,962    Inhabitants    in 

Honolulu. .  . . 

52.183 

Seattle 

237,194 

A.shland 

11,694 

Oslikosh 

33,062 

1915,  according  to  the 

Koloa 

5,769 

Spokane 

104,402 

Kara  boo 

6.324 

Portage 

5,440 

State  Census. 

Makawao .  .  . 

8,855 

Tanoina 

83,743 

Beavor  Dam . 

6,758 

Ranine 

38,002 

North  Hilo.  . 

12,941 

Vancouver..  . 

9,30C 

Bel'-)it 

15,125 

Rhinelander. 

5,637 

PORTO   RICO. 

North  Kohala 

5,398 

Walla  Walla.. 

19,364 

C  h  i  p  p  e  wa 

Sheboygan. . . 

26,398 

Aguadilla 6,135 

Puna, 

6,834 

F;.lls 

8,893 

So.  Milwau- 

Arecibo        9,612 

South  Hilo.  . 

9,604 

WEST    VIRGIN  l.'i. 

Eau  Clai."e. .  . 

18,310 

kee  

6,092 

Bayaroon 5,272 

Walalua 

6,770 

Blueaeld .... 

11,188 

Fond  du  Lac. 

18,797 

Stevens 

Caguas 10,o54 

Wailuku 

11,742 

Charleston. . . 

22,996 

Grand  Rapids 

6,521 

Point 

8,692 

Fajardo 6,086 

Waimea 

8,195 

ENEMY    ALIENS    IM    COWA. 

(State  Census  of  1915.) 


Counties. 

Austrian. 1 

Bolieni'n . 

German. 

Kngrn.| 

CflUNTIES. 

Aug 

.rian. 

Bohem'n  . 

German. 

Hngrn . 

M. 

F. 

M. 

F. 

Af. 

F. 

M. 

F. 

n. 

F. 

(Vf. 

F. 

M. 

F 

M 

F 

Adair 

11 

5 

6 
Sit 

5 
25 

218 
43 

185 
34 

Jefferson  .  .  . 
Johnson .... 

U 
86 

6 
78 

127 
305 

68 
249 

Adams 

487 

522 

2 

Allamakee .  . 

4 

5 

25 

32 

462 

394 

Jones 

55 

40 

105 

89 

580 

4.39 

I 

I 

Appanoose.. 

233 

131 

12 

9 

52 

29 

381 

227 

Keokuk 

5 

a 

I 

1 

209 

221 

?, 

Audubon 

11 

17 

•   365 

248 

Kossuth .... 

43 

31 

2 

3 

958 

J51 

20 

13 

Benton 

30 

29 

114 

103 

088 

.548 

Lee 

19 

14 

I 

2 

,595 

,57.1 

1 

Black  Hawk. 

121 

52 

8 

5 

990 

843 

5 

Linn 

2,30 

1.3? 

1,984 

1 ,863 

,507 

469 

2i 

4 

Boone 

29 

12 

9 

6 

357 

280 

1 

Louisa 

1 

3 

1 

1 

76 

53 

1 

3 

Bremer 

6 
10 

5 
3 

2 
21 

1 
16 

880 
328 

73.^ 
277 

2 

Lucas 

Lyon 

63 
3 

7 

46 
892 

27 
648 

1 

Buchanan..  . 

1 

Buena  Vista 

2 

4 

329 

2,5S 

2 

Madison .... 

3S 

6 

1 

3 

,57 

35 

Butler 

10 
12 

6 
--,37 

720 
439 

664 
3.56 

3 

3 

Mahaska.  .  . 
Marlon 

98 
9." 

76 
59 

3 

3 

2 

90 
53 

95 
34 

11 

8 

g 

Calhoun. . .  . 

3 

2 

2 

Carroll 

10 

3 

3 

1 

1.201 

931 

2 

1 

Marshall..  .  . 

,59 

35 

86 

89 

427 

3(17 

1 

Cass 

10 

1 

1 

437 

378 

1 

Mills 

1 

2 

2 

164 

128 

Cedar 

4 

2 

38 

27 

788 

654 

4 

2 

Milohell 

45 

22 

67 

66 

329 

224 

14 

14 

Cerro  Gordo 

147 

52 

85 

70 

548 

460 

27 

11 

Monona .... 

12 

8 

1 

241 

199 

I 

1 

Cherokee .  .  . 

11 

2 

5 

1 

339 

264 

Monroe 

350 

197 

.5 

3 

80 

51 

14 

10 

Chickasaw.  . 

11 

1 

13 
1 

28 
2 

33 
2 

546 
29 

416 
21 

" 

2 

Montgomery 
Muscatine.  . 

4 
40 

4 
15 

73 
1,001 

53 
857 

1 
2 

Clarke 

S 

5 

1. 

Clay 

7 

3 

5 

4 

.    439 

221 

2 

O'Brien 

11 

4 

3 

5 

787 

579 

I 

Clayton .... 

:« 

11 

35 

40 

850 

773 

1 

Osceola 

10 

13 

4 

5 

478 

.375 

I 

Clinton 

334 

87 

6 

4 

2,176 

1,90'J 

20 

4 

Page 

5 

4 

3 

1 

147 

no 

Crawford .  .  . 

18 

4 

21 

12 

1,333 

1,063 

Palo  Alto . .  . 

15 

14 

2 

252 

205 

21 

18 

Dallas 

263 

114 

13 

11 

162 

129 

1 

3 

Plymouth  . . . 

19 

'  11 

3 

3 

1,300 

941 

2 

1 

Davis 

1 

1 

56 
20 

40 
9 

Pocahontas 
Polk 

40 
.362 

31 
215 

40 
9 

44 
8 

423 
828 

301 
830 

1 

IS 

Decatur .... 

? 

1 

16 

Delaware . .  . 

31 

11 

15 

14 

402 

350 

Pot'wat'raie 

130 

59 

9 

8 

1,242 

1,070 

1 

Des  Moines . 

118 

72 

1 

1 

1,165 

994 

a 

2 

Poweshiek .  . 

24 

18 

27 

23 

200 

173 

2 

1 

Dickinson. . . 

8 

4 

0 

1 

226 

135 

3 

1 

Ringgold...  . 

! 

37 

32 

24 

17 

Dubuque . . . 

275 

155 

34 

19 

2,218 

1,850 

25 

11 

Sao 

7 

3 

1 

520 

370 

1 

Emmet 

4 

2 

1 

154 

130 

Scott 

308 

146 

54 

52 

3,730 

3,383 

37 

12 

Fayette 

47 

17 

11 

9 

658 

585 

10 

10 

Shelby 

14 

8 

1 

1 

533 

360 

Floyd 

21 

10 

14 

11 

66b 

570 

2 

2 

Sioux 

3 

n 

8 

1 

454 

343 

Franklin.... 

4 

6 

7 

m 

524 

Story 

4 

2 

5 

5 

90 

61 

3 

1 

Fremont . . 

3 

5 
5 

1 
2 

85 
124 
791 

74 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

36 
2 
1 

30 
3 
3 

576 

500 

672 
49 
139 

508 
38 
143 

11 

'  i 

5 

13 
22 

5 
14 

113 
686 

Grundy 

23 

26 

2 

Guthrie 

21 

16 

14 

14 

12:1 

89 

Van  Buren . . 

1 

12 

11 

4 

1 

Hamilton . . . 

1 

3 

4 

269 

222 

2 

Wapello .... 

49 

29 

1 

] 

186 

116 

1 

Hancock  .    . 

55 
8 

45 
4 

53 
3 

32 
4 

496 
842 

39! 
707 

'  '  .5 

"5 

Warren 

Washington  . 

1 

9 

1 
4 

78 
164 

82 
1.5S 

Hardin 

99 

84 

1 

Harrison 

4;* 

16 

9 

V 

32:- 

236 

<> 

1 

Wayne 

1 

40 

23 

Henry 

7 

7 

1 

151 

94 

Webster .... 

60 

68 

103 

78 

426 

366 

80 

42 

Howard .... 

36 

32 

176 

14c 

272 

230 

i 

i 

Winnebago. . 

8 

5 

2 

3 

225 

177 

2 

Humboldt.. . 

4 

5 

3 

c 

181 

129 

.V. 

Winnesheik. 

30 

52 

198 

174 

2.53 

1K5 

Ida 

5 

1 

1 

682 

479 

Woodbury .  . 

246 

203 

41 

34 

1,188 

9,55 

10 

14 

Iowa 

4;i 

29 

31 

12 

666 

469 

Worth 

5 

1 

51 

■    46 

157 

109 

Jackson 

2(1 

10 

15 

It 

773 

633 

1 

1 

Wright 

11 

4 

1 

1 

233 

278 

1 

1 

Jasoer 

70 

76 

19 

10 

218 

180 

14 

10 

Total  Joreign-born  in  Iowa — males,  151,548;  females,  112,621:  Austrians,  males,  4,850;  females,  2,805: 
Bohemians,  males,  4,976;  females,  4,524:  Germans,  males,  48,662;  females,  39,788:  Hungarians,  males,  815; 
lemales.  485.  Of  the  total  native  population  of  Iowa  {2,09.'5,897  in  1915)  1,061,040  were  males  and  1,032,457 
were  females.  About  1,552,000  were  born  in  Iowa  and  144,819  came  from  Illinois.  The  State's  total 
population  was   2,358,066,   of  whom    1,212,988   were  males. 

Mfllps  nf  militia  ace.  509.421;  females  of  voting  age.  663.247. 


Rank  of  the  States  in  Population,  1790-1910. 


269 


RANK 

OF 

THE 

STATES 

IN 

POPULATION, 

1790-1910. 

State. 

1790. 

1800. 

1810. 

1820. 

1830. 

1840. 

1850. 

1860. 

1870. 

1880. 

1890. 

1900. 

1910. 

Alabama    

19 

15 

12 

12 

13 

16 
46 
26 
24 
41 

25 
35 
34 
33 
12 

44 

4 

6 

11 

29 

8 
21 
23 
20 

7 

13 
28 
18 
5 
43 

36 
40 
31 
17 
37 

1 
14 
45 

3 

17 
44 
25 
24 
35 

28 
38 
36 
34 
13 

46 

4 

6- 
10 
20 

8 
22 
27 
23 

7 

9 
26 
18 

6 
45 

30 
43 
31 
19 
41 

1 
15 
40 

3 

17 
47 
24 
22 
31 

29 
43 
40 
32 
12 

'46 

3 

8 

10 

19 

11 

25 

30 

27 

6 

9 
20 
21 

5 
45 

26 
49 
33 
18 
44 

1 
16 
42 

4 
39 

38 
2 
36 
23 
35 

13 
7 
41 
37 
15 

34 

28 
14 

48 

7 
2 
1 
3 
4 
5 
6 

1 

18 
47 
25 
21 

321 

29 

45  : 

41 
33 
11 

46 

3 

8 

10 

22 

12 
23 
31 
26 
7 

9 
19 
20 

5 
43 

27 
49 
37 
16 

44 

1 
15 
40 

4 
30 

36 

2 

35 

24 
38 

14 

6 

42 

39 

,    17 

34 
28 
13 

48 

7 
2 
1 
4 
3 
5 
6 
9 
8 

18 
46 

Arizona 

26 

26 

28 

25 

26 
29 

25 
26 
38 

24 
32 
35 
31 
11 

25 
12 

California 

32 
31 

Connecticut 

8 
16 

8 
17 
19 

9 
19 
22 

14 
22 
25 

16 
24 
25 
26 
10 

20 
26 

28 

27 

9 

21 
30 
33 
31 
9 

Delaware       

47 

District  of  Columbia. . . 
Florida 

43 
33 

Georgia    

13 

12 

11 

11 

10 

Idaho  

45 

Illinois 

24 
21 

24 
18 

20 
13 

14 
10 
29 

11 

7 
27 

4 

6 

20 

33 

9 
17 
22 
19 

7 

16 

30 

14 

8 

3 

Indiana 

21 

9 

Iowa    

15 

Kansas 

22 

Kentuc]\y 

14 

9 

7 

18 

14 

8 

5 

25 

6 
17 
12 
10 

7 

27 

6 
19 
12 
11 

8 

27 

6 
19 
13 
15 

8 

23 

8 
18 
16 
17 

6 

20 
36 
15 
13 

14 

Louisiana 

24 

Maine 

Maryland      

11 

C 
4 

14 

7 
5 

34 

27 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

6 

8 

19 

Mississippi 

20 

20 
23 

21 
23 

22 
21 

17 
16 

21 

Missouri    

7 

Montana 

40 

Nebraska 

39 
41 
27 
21 
34 

1 
12 
42 

3 

29 

Nevada 

49 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jers8v 

10 
9 

11 
10 

16 
12 

15 
13 

18 
14 

22 
18 

22 
19 
32 

1 
10 

39 

11 

44 

New  York 

5 
3 

3 

4 

2 

4 

1 
4 

1 
5 

1 
7 

1 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

16 
37 

Ohio 

18 

13 

5 

4 

3 

3 

4 

Oklahoma 

23 

Oregon 

34 

2 

28 

14 

36 

2 

29 

18 

38 

2 

32 

22 

37 

2 

33 

21 

35 

Pennsylvania 

2 
15 

7 

2 

16 

6 

3 

17 

6 

3 

20 

8 

2 

23 

9 

2 
24 
11 

2 

Rhode  Island 

38 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

26 
36 

Tennessee 

17 

15 

10 

9 

7 

5 

5 
25 
35 
23 

10 
23 
37 
28 
5 

40 

9 
19 
39 
30 
10 

42 
27 
15 

47 

6 
2 
1 
5 
3 
4 
7 
9 
8 

12 
11 
39 
32 
14 

42 
29 
16 
47 

6 
2 
1 
4 
3 
5 
7 
9 
8 

17 

Texas 

5 

Utah 

41 

Vermont 

12 

1 

13 
1 

15 
1 

16 
2 

17 
3 

21 

4 

42 

Virginia 

20 

Washington 

30 

West  Virginia 

28 

Wisconsin 

30 

24 

15 

13 

Wyoming  

48 

GEOGRAPHIC     DIVISIONS. 

New  England 

2 
3 

3 
2 
5 

3 
2 
5 
7 
1 
4 
6 

3 

2 
5 
7 
1 
4 
6 

3 
2 
5 

7 
1 
4 
6 

5 
1 
3 
7 
2 
4 
6 

f 
3 

7 
2 
4 
6 
9 
8 

5 
1 

2 
6 
3 

4 
7 
9 
8 

7 

Middle  Atlantic 

East  North  Central 

West  North  Central.  .  . 

1 
2 
4 

South  Atlantic 

East  South  Central .... 
West  South  Central. . . . 

1 
4 

1 
4 

3 

6 
6 

Mountain 

9 

Pacific 

8 

For  1890  the  rank  of  Arizona  advances  from  48  to  47  and  that  of  Oklahoma  advances  from  46  to  39 
when  the  population  specially  enumerated  in  Indian  Territory  and  on  Indian  reservations  Is  included. 

North  Dakota  included  in  South  Dakota  in  1860,  1870,  and  1880. 

The  ranking  of  Oklahoma  in  1900  was  38  and  Indian  TeiTitory  39.  The  present  ranking  for  the  same 
census  is  based  on  the  combined  population  of  Oklahoma  and  Indian  Territory. 

For  1890  the  rank  of  South  Dakota  advances  from  37  to  35  when  the  population  specially  enumerated 
on  Indian  reservations  is  included. 

New  England  Division — Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecti- 
cut. Middle  Atlantic  Division — New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania.  East  North  Central  Division — 
Ohio,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wisconsin.  West  North  Central  Division — Minnesota,  Iowa,  Missouri, 
North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Nebraska,  Kansas.  South  Atlantic  Division — Delaware,  Maryland,  District 
of  Columbia,  Virginia.  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida.  East  South 
Central  Division — Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Alabama,  Mississippi.  West  South  Central  Division — Arkansas, 
Louisiana,  Oklahoma,  Texas.  Mountain  Division — -Montana,  Idaho,  Wyoming,  Colorado,  New  Mexico, 
Arizona,  Utah,  Nevada.     Pacific  Di->'i3ion — Washington,  Oregon,  California. 

The  population  in  1917,  according  to  United  States  Census  Bureau  estimates,  of  the  outlying  posses- 
sions was  as  follows:  Alaska,  64,906;  Hawaii,  219,260;  Porto  Rico,  1,230,564;  Philippines,  8,918,177; 
Virgin  Islands,  26,051.    Samoa  (1916)  7,426;  Guam  (1913)  12.866. 


270 


Population,  Native  and  Foreign,  1900-1910. 


POPULATION    OF    STATES,    1910,    SEX,    COLOR,    NATIVITY. 


State. 


Male. 


Alabama ~  .  . . . 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia . 

Florida 

Cleorgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraslca 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  Yorlc 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington , 

West  Virginia , 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Female . 


Native 
White  of 
Native 
Parent- 
age. 


Native  I 
White  of  " 
For'n  or 

Mixed 
Par 't  age 


Total . 


Foreign- 
born 
White. 


1,074,209  1,063,884  1,177,459  32,417  18,956  908,282  909  62  4 

118,574  85,780  82,468  42,176  46,824  2,009  29,201  1,305  371 

810,026  764,423  1,077,509  36,608  16,909  442,891  460  62 

1,322,978  1,0.54,571  1,106,533  635,889  517,250  21,645  16.37136,248  41,356 

430.697  368,327  475,136  181,428  126,851  11,453  1,482'  373  2,300 

563,642  551,114  395,649  374,489  328,759  15,174  152:  462  71 

103,435  98,887  127,809  25,873  17,420  31,181  5  30  4 

158,050  173.019  166,711  45.066  24,351  94,446  68  369  47 

394,166  358,453  373,967  35,825  33,842  308,669  74  191  50 

1,305,019  1,304,102  1,391,058  25,672  15,072  1,176.987  95  233  4 

185,546  140,048  203,599  75,195  40,427  651  3.488  859  1,363 

2,911,674  2,726,917  2,600,555  1,723.847  1,202.560  109,049  188  2,103  285 

1,383,295  1,317,-581  2,130,088  350,551  159.323  60,320  279;  276  38 

1,148,171  1,076,600  1,303,526  632,181  273,484  14,973  471  97  36 

885,912  805,037  1,207,057  292,105  135,190  54,030  2,444  16  107 

1,161,709  1,128,196  1,863.194  124,704  40,053  261,6.56  2341  52  12 

835,2751  821,113  776,587  112,717  51,782  713,874  780i  507  31 

377,052  365,319  494,907  134,9,55  110,133  1,363  892  108  13 

644,225  651,121  766,627  191,838  104.174  232.250  55  378  24 

1,655,248  1,711,168  1,103,429  1,170,447  1,051,050  38,055  688,  2,532  15! 

1.454,534  1.355.639  1.224,841  964,882  595,524  17,115  7,519  241  49 

1,108,511  967.197  575,081  941,136  543,010  7,084  9,053  275  67 

905,760  891,354  757.233  19,489  '  9,389  1,009,487  1,253  257  2 

1,6S7,813  1,605,522  2,387,835  518,201  228,896  157,452  313  535  99 

226,872  149,181  162.127  106.809  91,644  1,834  10,745  1.285  1.585 

627.782  564.432  642,075  362,353  175,865  7,689  3,502  112  590 

52,551  29,324  35,326  20,951  17,999  513  5,249  927  864 

216,2901  214,232  230,231  103,117  96,.558  564  34  67  1 

1,286,463!  1,250,704  1,009,909  777,797,  658,188  89,760  168  1,139  206 

175,245|  152,056  255,609  26,331^  22,65-1  1,628  20,573  248  258 

4,584,5971  4,529,017  3.230.325  3.007.248  2,729,272  134,191  6.046  5,266  1,24; 

1,098,476,  1,107,811  1,485,718  8,85li  5,942  697,843  7.851  80  2 

317,554'  259,502  162,461  251,236,  156,153  617  6.436  39  59 

2,434,758  2,332,363  ,3,033,259  1,024,393  597,215  111,452  127  569  76 

881,578  775,577  1,310,403  94,044  40,054  137,612  74,825  139  48 

384,265  288,500  416,851  135,238  103.001  1,492  5,090  7.363  3,418 

3.942.206  3.722.905  4,222,727  1,806.267  1,438.719  193,919  1,503  1,784  190 

,      270,314  272,296  159,821  194.646  178.025  9.529  284  272  33 

751,842  763.558  661,970  11.137  6.054  835,843  331  5 

'      317,112  266,776  245.652  217,491  100,628  817  19.137  121  42 

1,103,491  1081,298  1,654,606  38,367l  18,459  473,088  216  43  8 

2,017.626  1,878,916  2,602.950  361.914'  239,984  690,049  702  595  340 

196.863  176.48S  171.663  131.5271        63.393  1.144  3,123  371  2,110 

182,568  173.388  229.382  75,055  49,861  1,621  26  8  3 

1,035.348  1,026.264  1.325.238  37.943  26.628  671.096  5.39  154  14 

658,663  483.327  585,386  232,528  241,197  6.058  10,997  2.709  12,929 

644,044  577.075  1,042.107  57,638  57,072  64,173  ,         35  90  3 

1,208,578  1,125,282  763,225  1.044,761  512,569  2,900  10,142  226  34 

91,670  54,295  80,696  32,504  27,118  2,236  1,486  246  1,596 

47,332,277  44,639,980  49,488,575  18.897.837  13,345.545  9.827,763  265,683  71,531  72,157 


Negro. 


In- 
dian. 


Chi- 
nese 


Japa- 
nese 


All 

Other 


I 

2.257 
1 


11 
1 


12 
4 
2 
3 


110 


14 
2 
2 
4 

4 
24 
28 
55 


19 


312 
2 


2 

8 

20 


186 


3 

84 


3,175 


POPULATION,    NATIVE    AND    FOREIGN,    1900-1910. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut .  . . . 

Delaware 

Dlst.  of  Col .  .  .  . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas   

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.  . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska .  .  .    .  . 


Native. 


1900. 


1.814.105 

98.698 

1,297,275 

1,117,813 

448,545 

670,210 

170.925 

258,599 

504.710 

2,203,928 

137,168 

3,854,803 

2,374,341 

1,925,933 

1,343,810 

2,096,925 

1,328,722 

601,136 

1,094,110 

1,9,59,022 

1,879,329 

1,246,076 

1,543,289 

2,890,286 

176.262 

888,953 


1910. 


2,118,807 

155,589 

1,557,403 

1,791,117 

669,437 

785,182 

184,830 

306,167 

711,986 

2,593,644 

283,016 

4,433,277 

2,541,213 

1,951,006 

1,555,499 

2,249,743 

1,603,622 

631,809 

1,190,402 

2,307,171 

2,212,623 

1,532,113 

1,787,344 

3,063,5,56 

281,340 

1,015,552 


FOREIGN    BOHN. 


1900. 


14,592 

24,233 

14.289 

367.240 

91.155 

238.210 

13,810 

20.119 

23,832 

12,403 

24,604 

966,747 

142,121 

305,920 

126,685 

50,249 

52,903 

93,330 

93,934 

846,324 

541,653 

505,318 

7,981 

216,379 

67,067 

177,347 


1910. 


19,286 

48,765 

17,046 

586,432 

129,587 

329,574 

17.492 

24,902 

40,633 

15,477 

42,578 

1,205,314 
159,663 
273,765 
135,450 
40,162 
52,766 
110,562 
104,944 

1,059,245 
597,550 
543,595 
9,770 
229,779 
94,713 
176,662 


State. 


Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 
North  Dakota .  . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania. .  . 
Rhode  Island  . .  . 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota. . 

Tennessee 

Texas . . 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington ,  .  . . 
West  Virginia . . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total . 


Native. 


1900. 


32.242 
323,481 

1,451,785 
181,685 

5,368,469 

1,889,318 
206,055 

3,6'-.'?,81i 
769,853 
3r,788 

5,3! 5,855 
2'M,037 

1,334,783 
313,062 

2,002,870 

2,869,353 
222,972 
298,894 

1,831,723 
406,739 
936,349 

1,553,071 
75,116 


1910. 


62,134 

333,905 
1,876,379 

304,155 
6,355,603 
2,200,105 

420,402 
4,168,747 
1,616,713 

559,629 
6,222,737 

363,469 
1,509  221 

483,093 
2,166,182 
3,651,604 

307,529 

306.035 
2,034,555 

885,749 
1,163,901 
1,820,995 

116,945 


55,653,299  78,456,380 


Foreign  Born. 


1900. 


10,093 
88,107 

431,884 

13,625 

1,900,425 

4,492 

113,091 

458,734 
20,538 
65,748 

985,250 

134,519 

0,528 

88.508 

17,746 

179,357 
53,777 
44,747 
19,461 

111,364 
22,451 

515,971 
17,415 


1910. 


19,691 

96,667 
660,788 

23,146 
2,748,011 

6.092 
156,654 
598,374 

40,442 

113,136 

1,442,374 

179,141 

6,179 
100,790 

1S.607 
241,938 

65,822 

49,921 

27,057 
256,241 

57,218 
512,865 

29,020 


10,341,276  13,515,886 


In  1890  the  native  population  was  53.698,154:  the  forelen.  .9.249.56f). 


White  Population  of  Foreign  Stock,  1900-1910. 


271 


DENSITY    OF    POPULATION    PER    SQUARE    MILE. 

[NOTE — In  computing  density  of  population  for  the  United  States,  tlie  areas  and  population  of  Alaska, 
Hawaii,  and  Porto  Rico  in  1900  and  1910,  of  Alasica  and  Hawaii  in  1890,  and  of  Indian  Territory  In  1860, 
1870  and  1880,  are  not  considered.  The  area  of  Indian  reservations,  outside  of  Indian  Territory,  is  included 
in  tlie  area  of  the  States  and  Territories  in  which  they  are  severally  situated,  and  in  that  of  the  United 
States,  although  the  population  of  these  Indian  reservations  was  not  ascertained,  and  for  this  reason  can- 
not be  considered  in  figuring  density  of  population  at  the  censuses  prior  to  1890.1 


State, 

1790. 

1800. 

1810. 

1820. 

1830. 

18"40. 

1850. 

1860. 

1870. 

1880. 

1890. 

1900. 

1910. 

Alabama     

2.5 

6.0 

11.5 

15.0 

18.8 

19.4 

24.6 

29.5 

.1 

.8 

21.5 

7.8 

4.0 

154.8 

85.7 

3,972.3 

7.1 

31.3 

14.0 

1.1 

68.3 

61.1 

34.4 

17.5 

46.3 

24.6 

22.1 

104.9 

278.5 

36.4 

16.2 

27.8 

39.0 

1.0 

13.8 

.4 

41.7 

192.3 

1.3 

126.0 

33.2 

2.7 

90.1 

2.0 

3.3 

117.3 

36.7 

.1 

1.1 

25.0 

9.5 

5.2 

188.6 

94.0 

4,645.3 

9.6 

37.7 

23.9 

1.9 

86.1 

70.1 

40.2 

18.0 

53.4 

30.4 

23.2 

119.5 

349.0 

42.1 

21.7 

33.5 

45.2 

1.7 

13.9 

..4 

45. 6 

250.7 

1.6 

152.5 

38.9 

4.5 

102.1 

10.3 

4.3 

140.6 

277.5 

401.6 

44.0 

5.2 

48.5 

11.6 

3.4 

37.7 

46.1 

7.8 

39.9 

37.4 

.9 

41  7 

1 

Arizona       

.1 

9.2 

3.6 

.4 

111.5 

63.6 

2,270.7 

3.4 

20.2 

.4 

15.3 

5.5 

1.9 

129.2 

74.6 

3,062.5 

4.9 

,26.3 

1  8 

Arkansas 

.1 

.6 

1.9 

4.0 
.6 

8.3 

2.4 

.3 

■  95.5 

57.1 

1,294.5 

2.6 

18.0 

30  0 

California 

15  3 

Colorado  

7  7 

Connecticut. . .  . 

Delaware 

Dist.  Columbia . 
Florida 

49.4 
30.1 

52.  i 

32.7 

156.6 

54.3 

37.0 

266.9 

57.1 

37.0 

367.1 

61.8 
39.1 

442.6 

.6 

8.8 

64.3 

39.7 

485.7 

1.0 

11.8 

76.9 

46.6 

891.2 

1.6 

15.4 

231.3 

103.0 

5,517.8 

13  7 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

.6 

1.5 

4.3 

5.8 

44.4 
29  8 

Idaho    

.2 

45.4 

46.8 

21.6 

4.6 

32.9 

16.0 

21.0 

78.6 

181.3 

20.6 

5.4 

17.9 

26.0 

.1 

1.6 

.4 

35.2 

120.6 

.7 

92.0 

22.0 

.4 

55.0 

55.1 

29.2 

12.2 

41.0 

20.7 

21.7 

94.0 

221.8 

28.5 

9.7 

24.4 

31.6 

.3 

5.9 

.6 

38.4 

150.5 

1.0 

106.7 

28.7 

3  9 

Illinois 

.1 
.6 

1.0 
4.1 

2.8 
9.6 

8.5 

19.1 

.2 

15.2 

27.5 

3.5 

30.6 

37.6 

12.1 

1.3 

28.8 

15.6 

21.0 

69.1 

153.1 

13.0 

2.1 

17.1 

17.2 

100  6 

74  9 

40  0 

20  7 

Kentucky 

1.8 

5.5 

io.i 

2.2 

7.  7 

38.3 

58.7 

.1 

14.0 
3.4 
10.0 
41,0 
65.1 

17.1 
4.8 
13.4 
45.0 
75.9 
.2 

19.4 
7.8 
16.8 
47.3 
91.7 
3.7 

24.4 
11.4 
19.5 
58.6 
123.7 
6.9 

57.0 
36  6 

3.2 
32.0 
47.1 

5.1 
34.4 
52.6 

24  8 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . 
Michigan 

130.3 

418.8 

48  9 

Minnesota 

25  7 

Mississippi  .... 

.3 

.4 

1.6 

2.9 
2.1 

8.1 
5.6 

13.1 
9.9 

38  8 

Missouri     . .    . . 

47  9 

2  6 

.2 
.1 
36.1 
89.4 
.4 
81.4 
20.4 

15.6 

.7 

New  Hampshire 
New  Jersey .... 
New  Mexico .  .  . 

15.7 
24.5 

20.4 
28.1 

23.7 
32.7 

27.0 
36.9 

29.8 
42.7 

31.5 
49.7 

35.2 
65.2 
.3 
65.0 
17.8 

47.7 

337.7 

2.7 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota. . 

7.1 
8.1 

12.4 
9.8 

20.1 
11.4 

28.8 
13.1 

40.3 
15.1 

51.0 
15.5 

191.2 

45.3 

8.:J 

Ohio 

1.1 

5.7 

14.5 

23.3 

37.3 

48.6 

57.4 

65.4 

78.5 

117.0 

Oklahoma 

23 . '.) 

Oregon    

.5 
64.8 

1.0 
78.6 

1.8 
95.5 

7  0 

Pennsylvania. . . 
Porto  Rico 

9.7 

13.4 

18.1 

23.4 

30.1 

38.5 

51.6 

171.0 
325   .'■> 

Rhode  Island..  . 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota.  . 

64.5 
8.2 

64.8 
11.3 

72.  J 
13. G 

77.8 
16.5 

91.1 
19.1 

102.0 
19.5 

138.3 
21.9 

i63.7 
23.1 

203.7 
23.1 

259.2 
32.6 

323.8 
37.7 

4.6 
42.4 

8.5 

2.6 
36.4 
41.1 

5.3 

31.8 

30.6 

.6 

508 .  r-, 

49.7 

7.G 

Tennessee 

Texas 

.8 

2.5 

6.3 

10.1 

16.4 

19.9 

24.1 
.8 

26.6 
2.3 

.3 
34.5 
24.8 

.1 

30.2 

3.1 

1.1 

36.2 

30.4 

.4 

18.4 

19.1 

.1 

37.0 

6.1 

1.8 

36.4 

37.6 

1.1 

25.7 

23.8 

.2 

52.4 
14.  S 

Utah 

4.5 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washiuston .... 

9.4 
11.6 

16.9 
13.7 

23.9 
15.2 

25.9 
16.6 

30.8 
18.9 

32.0 
19.3 

34.4 
22.1 

39.0 
51.3 
17.1 

West  Virginia .  . 

50  S 

Wisconsin 

.4 

6.5 

14.-0 

42.2 

Wyoming 

1.5 

United  States. 

4.5 

6.1 

4.3 

5.5 

7.3 

9.7 

7.9 

10.6'      13.0 

16.9 

21.2 

25.6 

30.  <) 

WHITE    POPULATION    OF    FOREIGN    STOGtC,    1900    AND    1910. 


Country  of  Origin. 


Austria 

Canada  (French) 

Canada  (other) 

Denmark 

England 

France 

Germany 

Hungary 

Ireland 

.Italy 

Norway 

Russia 

Scotland 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Wales 

All  otha'r  countries 

Of  mixed  for'n  parentage 

Total 


Total. 


1900. 


895,500 
830,335 

1,637,603 
310,127 

2,173,741 
268,292 

8,111,453 
218,447 

4,826,904 
727,844 
788,758 
955,918 
594,297 

1,082,388 
257,426 
253,045 
871,604 

1,066,152 

25,859,834 


1910. 


2,001,559 

932,238 
1,822,377 

400,064 
2,322,442 

292,389 
8,282,618 

700,227 
4,504,360 
2,098,360 

979,099 
2,541,619 

659,663 
1,364,215 

301,660 

248,947 
1,614,433 
1,177,092 


32,243,382 


Per  Cent.  Tot'l 


1900.       1910 


3.5 
3.2 
6.3 
1.2 
8.4 
1.0 

31.4 
.8 

18.7 
2.S 
3.1 
3.7 
2.3 
4.2 
1.0 
1.0 
3.4 
4.1 


100.0 


6 
2 
5 
1 
7 

25 
2 

14 
6 
3 
7 
2 
4 


2 
9 
7 
2 
2 
9 
7 
2 
0 
5 
0 
9 
0 
2 

:i 

5.0 
3.7 


100.0 


Foreign- 
Born  White, 
1910. 


1,174.924 
385,083 
810,987 
181,621 
876,455 
117,236 

2,501,181 
496,600 

1,352,155 

1.343,070 
403,858 

1,602,752 
261,034 
665,183 
124,834 
82,479 
967,093 


13.345.545 


Native  White,  1910. 


Both  Par- 
ents Foreign 
Born. 


709,070 
330,976 
307,291 
147,648 
592,285 
78,937 

3,911,847 
191,059 

2,141,577 
696,187 
410,951 
873,055 
176,391 
546.788 
90,669 
84,934 
451,564 

1,177,092 


12.916,311  J  5,981.526 


One  Par- 
ent For- 
eign Born. 


117,565 
216,179 
704,099 

70,795 
853,702 

96,216 
1,869,590 

13,563 
1,010,628 

60,103 
164,29J 

65,842 
223,238 
152,24-! 

86,147 

81,531 
195,780 


272 


Foreign  Whites  in  American  Cities. 


1^ 


Q 

Z. 

6 
o 


111 


Z  "> 

<  $ 

O  d 

QJ  to 

<  c 

^  4) 
O 

z  => 

EC  r 


•<   . 
zo 

23 
go 

o 


2 
O 

uj 
cc 
o 


o 
o  . 

o 


JO  nSiaao  j: 

JO  ailtJM  9AnBN 


•jioois  aamAV 

njoa-nSjajoj 


to  •»»' m  t^  m oco  e^ i£3 -^      cmoo 
t^  iM  f^  t^  m  ^H  m -^  c-oa      «oc- 


cgOiOOoocoe^roin^coeoio 


o c»3 ^H  ir; «jD c<i to -v ir:n?a      «otn 


"aSB^uaj'Bd  paxTiM 

JO  nSjajoj 
JO  aiiHAi  aAU^N 


uaoa-nSj8joj[ 


Oil—  ■^— ^cvi— CTTC— <3>i^'— ic<(c*a       toioco^j-oooitO'Liicocoooca       lo 

ITiOd-^J-l—  els'— "CTiOO-^O'-'C^llC'  ■»-imi'*I«05Cv3CS<j2.-i'*3"^HCi4         »-i 


U.J    ''J"  I^J  fM    ^rfJ  ^-JJ  •■ 

^-  OO  ^-"  CO  C^l  ^^ 
tC  CO 


-t  t-  <0  CO  CM  CO  CO 
■^CON*roo       »-r       .-H 

»n  0>  t— ^O  to  C^  C— OO  to  C- lO  CO  fO         CO  CSO  ;«  t>- Cl  Oi  CO  i— eo  lO -h  c 


tDCVH-"— -^CCOOt- 

CCC?1  1-Hl— 


^-  to  CM  «0  -W-  "»j<  ^H 
r-  cc  CO  "^  *-«  t>-  OD 

irt  in  »-< 


JO  USl9J0J[ 

JO  aaiUAi  8An«N 


•51001S  9^mAi 

UJOa-USlDJOJt 


tO-^-^-CT>-fC*qOOOOOCJ 


.  CM  CT5 
COCO 


iC  »r:  Oi  o.  CO  ^o  CO  o  ^r  C-*  "■ 
T-<  t^  t-         t-C3lOOOCO 


-  IflCM-—  -^ooco    - 
•1  >-!  !-»<=■ 


Q. 

a 
o 

^' 

a 

a 


d 

3 
O 
o 

O 

"3 


evJOOt--coiOi--'-fC3:tC^i  -r^^ioeo 
t  -  lO  C—  C^l  CM  CO  •-'  I—  eg  CM  to  CT> 
CO -V  t-H  CM  •«*•  *-•  CO  CO  to 
T-T      «DCO 


CM-^Ol  —  CO-riOOCCOOO 


■  a3'G5a3J'B<j  p9xii/^ 

JO  aSpjo^ 
JO  QZm/A  ^AiiBN 


ujoa-uSpjoj; 


*ri  t—  OC  00  — "  Olio  CO  "^  to  -tf-  cc  OS 

tocototom-^ooocMtoCTiooj 

•—nCOC'OOlCOt— CMOCCM-W^^tO 

lOCM  CM  OOCtTcOCOOIO^        -^CO 
CO  «-l         C>3  ■—  CM  lA         i-l 


^OCO-W'-lCOOiCMCOOOOt— OO 

*-i  r- oi  CC  oo  c  oi      cc 


^t— O3"«^cotol-co 
■«cr  to  TT  ■<*•  t- 1—  c:  c^> 
CMCO       «-•  -"r  "" 


C3CO0OCO— •tOlCi-^CgirtCMOOi 

o>o^^tocooccooocoto«—coa> 

OCCOCOCsCM^-O-^tOtOtOO-W 


4OC0eO00Oimc^"'1*»-«tO^-<C0 


inCM 


CO  CO  CM  O  O)  oc  m 
CO  »-«  i-<  CO  t—  CT.  CM 
to  CO  — <  ^^  «-!  CM  OS 


o 
23 


JO  uSiajo^ 

JO  8^mM  qap^n: 


ujoa-nSpjo^ 


CM'Oiotr>ac'— oo^-t— CMCM-:t"co 

•>-H'rt<-rj-r-»oo;C'CO— '€>.       CMio 
I—  ^^co-^«»-«aif-«iO  osoj 


cMco"^co  —  o-o^cntomtcto 

■^CMC^at-^CM-^O-^^vi    CMi-<CM 
t—  O    to  lO 


to  ic  oo  cr-  ci  00  c*i  i^ 

to  Oi    CM      ^-  -* 
I-  CO  i-^  CO 


to  OO  !>•  CO  •— I  CO  ^H  O  ■f  C—  .C^Oi 

tot-i—CM-HioeMcs— "CO  coco 

CDOTCM  "W^OO^C^aO^CMCO  "tots 

t^f-T     oTco     i-T 


i-lCMCl'1'»OCO"^C=»-'CMa» 


to  CO  m  IC  O  OO  CM 
to  •-'CO  CO  CM  CO  to 


•-*<-'         OjCM 


•aSB^uaj-Bd:  paxiK 

JO  nSisjoj: 
JO  05TRAi"  aA|;BN 


•3{0O5S  ^^lU/VV 
UJoa-aS|9JO^ 


■s-mtoco'— '"^-a-tor-.  fo  .tc'-^ 
co-rcjoicocaco-voioi  tooi 
m^^coococO'— _iocot-*    'oocM 


CM  ^r  CO  r— en  Oi  ac  o  .  —  o -- 
Oi  o  c— -^ c/i  CM  o  CM  r— co^i 
^  ^  CO  CO  »-•  CO  CO  f-l      '.-Hi-f 


c^.  cr>  CO  — «  c-  t 

C^O  ^-  CO        ■■ 


»-«  oa  "o  ood  'sf  CM  —4  to  CM     .  CO  lo 

CDtO-— coo  —  CMCOQOOO         I—  — ' 

to  C3  CO  c;  t~  o  •-<  c;:>  Tj"  to     '  c3 -*f 


mooo-Hinco-oicotor-coto 

C^^tCJCOO>l.O  —  CMC-TOOiCM^^ 
CM  CM  cr;  QO -^  ^  "T- CO    -T  tO 


CO  t—  CO  m  CO  *0  CT> 
0>  05  to  to  CM  -T' t-H 


CO  m        to  CO  ^->  l—  •-« 
— <  to 


1-H  ,-(         —  «         CM 


O    . 


aS'Banaj'Gd:  paxipv 

JO  uspjoj: 
JO  a'nqM  QAn-BN 


ujoa-usiejoj: 


T— co-rcntococ^coco^ 
-s'OicoiO'-'t— «-tcgt— CM 
»— if\JCMtO»r;^-(CM»-<^H 


CM'rr-OOOtOCO'-'COi—OTJ'CM 
cotocooi        r-COO.        CM        O 

•W  CO  l-  ■«*•  F-(  »-( 


oooCT>to--ost— cMtooncMirsco 

Oi— 'OlCSCMOiCOeOtZJCM         >OCM 
to  iTi        00  C^ '-' CM '-' »^  COCM 


mc— coootocoootocot— -^to 
»-i"<r-*rcicocoir:»-'»-i-TCMto 

^t—         mCOCM         CO 


UOiCOOtOtO"^ 
^9*  CM  CM  O         ^s^—t 


JO  uaiaao^ 

JO  aimM  3AI1BN 


ooocM— •tocoto»-<m»— ^^co'<f 

0--<rO>l— CiC'-'-f'^CO*-!         o>o> 


^MCOCOf-H-rtO-f-O      .tOOO^H 

l-H  t-0O.-l  tOeOr-) 

Cito       eo 


r*  to  CM  CM  t— to 


o 


C3 


o 


•  o  •— 


^ 
s 


OS 


373 

<1^ 


■aa 

-  o 

ll 


a 


Foreign  Whites  in  American  Cities — Continued. 


273 


o 

o 

t«' 
PJ 

h 

P 
O 
U 

o 

H 
O 

M 

0 
P3 
O 
O 
O 
<! 
m 
H 
H 
■< 

as 

q| 
^1 

pi 

go 
to« 

fc2: 


JO  uSjajoj 

JO  Q'xmM.  9An^N 


njoa-u3iajoj[ 


"^  ^S  Cl  Ci  C- Ci  "*  CC  CM  CM         w  o> 


MOOOOOOiOO        CM 


ODOOCOOCCMCCO 
i-iiraCOCM         CM"^00 


"-"CM-U-mi-HlOO-.CNJ'^O  — 


CO^H        Csj  O  "V  iO  to  Ci  Oi  00  »-*  O -f* 


a-  t3  L-i  <-H  O  O  CM 
O  CO  C^^  OO  0> -w  CT> 


XtD 

OP 
tfO 

wO 


JO  nSiaJo^  "■ 
JO  ainiiVi  8ai^t?n: 


njog-uSpjo^ 


irt  t>.  CM  c^  m  to -w  ir;  en  ^*      ci  o 


«— ■'voaoiO'*''*i^-CMeototo 

CM  P^  r- QO  "^  C5  CM  O        C-CM»-1 

to  to  "<"  CM  40  ^H 


t-OOlt^tO^-OOt^ 
t-L^»Mt>-  M"  CO  CO 
TCO       »-•      .       ri«0 


cvir-—<a'-CMdt>.c^-^tcoooii£^ 
to  o  CI  tc  c^j  oi  C-- to  o;  t^       o:  m 

CO  "W  "^  CM  1:5  *-«  ^^  t- CO  t-H         C  fO 


tOC-O^-C-I^'iOl-^'VCf-^t-. 

i—OC-OjCOCMtCtO-'J-tOlft 

.-I  ^  r- 00  CO  CM'-'      Mw 


•^  to  Ca  C— Oi  *■  ^^ 

C)  CTl  CO  ^H  *—  CO  OS 
coo  00  T-H-l 


2 
go 


'  aSB^luaj^d:  PdxiH 

JO  nSiajoj 
JO  dimM.  ^Aii^jst 


•31001S  aimAi 

UJ0a-U2l9J0^ 


OCT>"-ooii:5"-<-*mm«(j«      cm— 1 

CM  tOCVlCOi  rOl'-  Ol-VCM        ^-  CO 

0000      oCcoi-I'Tr      i-T  to'c^i" 


CM"— •CCCMCMCTll'^'^fCair;'^ 
OCMrO— <<;0"VC^OCMt0lOC0 
t^  to  C^  rj- C- CO  CM  ^^         lOCM 


"  tOdtMT-iCMlfSCt^ 

r^oocMcoooocsa^ 
cocM»^CM'-'C«4ir;'^ 


■VtOOiO  05  C  C 


co-^rt— ^^^j-^^t—  c^icii—  oco 

ir:"<rmaiOoocMa3coo:ito 

»-  o  c^"-*  tO'«J'CTi-rrCOtOO— » 

eM*criocor-"co'fo      eo'ro 

000         CO  tn  CM 
*-ICM         i-H 


00  CM 

OCO 


CJi  « to  .— Oj  t^  CO 
O  CM  10  -^  r~  CO  to 
to -^Cg  CO  CM  CM  CM 
f-T^        CO         i-Tr-T 


Klz; 

so 
«>< 


•83'Banaj^cI  psxiiM 

JO  uSjajoj 
JO  9%mM.  aAp-BK 


UJ0a-USl3J0^ 


^-  —  ■wococ^ojm'«?'c*t* 

t^C^3^-li^OC^C^llOCO— NT- 
»— _CT  CM  (-■  IC  OC  CO  "TT -!»■  t- 

■^" '«■'"  cm' CO  to  O  o' -3^  CO 
COM       CM-«r»-«ca 


■  "»—      co»— -Trir>tr'CMC^»->Qoi>-toco 

I  —  "V         tOOJOOfOCOCDiOi-H-VOOC-iO 
CCCM         COOtOt^-Wt~0"V         OOCOi-H 

CM  to  i-<  COOJ  CM  OOlOCM 

1-1  O  ■*!«  OCO»-1 

MCI     1-1 


00  ao 

CO  CM 


•-*  coca 


M  t-'C 


irrinooevi-vootr;— 'cTi" 

CO  —  l>-tO»-'OOjCQCC:"tC 
i-«— tt^tO'-^C*10;CT>^-CM 


00  C0 11  CM  QO  CM     . 

t*«M         L'tr-CMCO 

CM  CM 


C^-^CM       OCO 


^^COtOOOOCOCMOOCOCOdCM 

-fs-  CO  t*  — -"o-^CM^to^tn  ift  o  to^cM 
coo'-v'^t>-"o"to*fo      ooco' 
iJ-OO       o>  t-co 
CO"**"         r-* 


M- CO  CD  C> -»•  to  00 
■«»■  CM  tfi  *  O  i— 00 
00  CM  00  OS  -V-"  CM 

cm"  CO     »o     CMca 


■< 

o 


sS'sausj'Bd  paxii^ 

JO  uSiajoj; 
JO  Q%iHM  QAp-BN 


ajoa-u3|3Joj: 


coiotot^-^tooococgoj 

">*>t-         O -^  i-(  CM  CM  1-1 


.CVJ-H 

to  -^ 

'COl« 


O^inrCMtZS  —  -H— 'i-<b-t>.tO 

»— liC  —  OOCOt~->— 'CM         OS         CO 
1—  CO  JO  00       to  i-"  i-t 


t-t^ocomoot-roi- 

eoincMCs— 'ccto  —  -^^c 

CO  CM         OS  — —iT-^'-l 
—  CMtO 


10  to 

to  CM 


coootO"*f""^mocomiritDto 

CO -a' to  m  CO  "W  OS  OS        t~ -^  ■^ 
"■J-OCM         to  »-« 


1--  -^  Olio  in  O  OS 

o  i>-      to  i>.  -^  o 

1-hCO        CMCMCM—" 


o 


w 


00 

o 
o 

CO 

O 

H 

<! 

O 
Ph 

h 
W 
& 

o 

H 
P3 
O 


a. 


•aS'Bjuaj'Gd  paxipv 

JO  uSiajo J 
JO  samAV  QAia^K 


•3[001S  8imA\ 

ujoa-u3i3Joj: 


1-H— .lOOtOfOCO  — OCC^— ■-T'tJ- 
■^r-t-CMOCO'— lOtOOCM'-'tO 
O'— IftOl  — t».O0C^COi-l         toc> 

tp"—'     oo'itTcm  i-*  i-T 


lOs-^oit— c—  o-ir;i-(CMtoiC 

— llO''J>"rf.OSOS»-H01'VCM 

•^r-.      moo 


tot^->-Htotc-»-t—  csi^toeo^-co 

oo-trcoto^-H-'T-oc^H-^oocoJCfo 

O  to  CM  CTS  00  —  l>.  tS>  to  CMOO 


-*— trCMCico.rtr^.Tr'-fC^iC 

CMt-t3s.-HLOt~-tOtOO"^— < 

CO  OS  ^H  tfl  m  CM         — i^H 

cot-T     —in  T-I 


CO  o  t—  CO  ^H  in  CM 

—  u^  "- CM  —  CM  01 
CMtO 


t/3 


•93'Bau8JBa  paxiK 

JO  uSjajoj; 
JO  Q^\^JA  aAH'EX 


•Jiaoig  aamAl 

UJ0a-Ugl9J0^ 


U^^H^Ht^OOOtO-W^^CMlrt-^CM 
■»*•  — '  "»f  CM  O -*  CO  "^  <^  CO        ^HtO 

rorotr^cTso^osL-^cji'^'-'      '-1 00 

OSM         0000        CM  CM 


lCiCClC?i-<t-t»t— i—OSOsOS 
Ol^lOCMC-CM'^CO^^OCM 
CMC»^tOt-         i-hCO^H 

CMCM         — 


^fO*  -W  t- -V  Ift  to  to  00  Oi 
r,CM  -^j--  OOOSCM^^ 
^H  t^OS  CO         CV        ■ 


mOsM-P-COCO-^ftOOOCOtO-WOO  0O-rj-c--10C  —  oosr-to  —  oto 

r-OO  —  P-CCO  —  OlO  —  -H*-«CM  CMOOOintC  —  —  OV  —  tOCMf* 

lOO'5'OOtOO'^O'VCSl         OSQO  ^hCOOOC— CMinoOCMt-iCOrl 

i>r— '     coos'-Hco^              i-T  co-^     cm' 


CM  C— 00  CO  ^- to  O      . 
OS  U3  •-<  C*  ^-  CO  CO 

mto  to*-*  -v 


a?. 


JO  uSi3aoj[ 
JO  SinM.  aAiiBM 


•5iooas  oumAv 

UJ0a-U3!8J0J 


O  CO  i^3  (i?  00  t^  O  CO  iM  *  C^  lO  CD  CJ  M  C^  «3  »-« 

t^cg         tD^        T-T  '  0000        CQ 


r  CO  CO      o>ff^       00  c>a  t 


c3 
D, 
V 

a 
o 


a 

c4 
0) 


a 

o 
u 

a 


QOCOr~f-«l^COw-CM 

c\j  ir:  CM  CO  »^  o  cc  ».~ 
CO  00  tm  i^  wH  u.  ca  lr^ 


eocct-QO»-<ir5*-<i.o 

L^  CO         CO  CM  CD  CD  O 
»— ift         IftCO        »-»CO 


a 


otcco'-'micop-'-" 

OsCOCMCM         ^H  OS  C 
iOCO  — 


I 


tf 


»< 

H 


(ot^os-**- ootocoro^^ioco 
cMtor-3CMrotocc-t<"W"t—  otin 
to'O— ^^^i-<cocMcocMt-i     icm 


mCMCDI^--<00-^tOl>-OiOOCO 

CMc^totoGCr^tjoos      e^co 

^tOtO(3>Oi-t         —I 


t-OO  — CM  — —  C?S 
OOiCMCS  — "^tO 
—  OS 


274 


Foreign  Whites  in  American  Cities— Continued.  - 


O 

M 

O 

o 

« 

iz; 
t> 
o 
o 

o 

H 
O 

Q 

o 
o 
o 

< 

CO 

w 

H 
«) 
H 

qI 

55 
^  I 

gs 

hi  -1 

H  -I 

fed. 
Oo 


i 


„  C5 

h  to 

^« 

ft5U 

oSO 

'^^ 
■-JQ 

|| 


•0 


o 

M 

I 


o 

So 


to 


23 
&   . 

00 

H 
■Ji 


ta 


ta  c 


So 


JO  uSjajoj; 
JO  aaHLAV  QAn^M 


njoa-tiSi3joj[ 


^H  CM  00  e^  OS  Oi  CO  Oi  CJJ  CO  .CC-Wi 

to-H"tj'tO^-<<:00-*OCO  IOCS] 

O  CO  C^  Oli-H  *-t  CO  ^-«  1-1  "1000 

iCth       coco 


■VlC«OC0010500'<f-»'i-ICMO— ' 
COOOD-rT'C'-'Tl'iOt— tO-^J«         •—iGO 

tot—      co^H^Hcoi-*  »ncM 


r-i-t  CO 


01  f  O  ■*  CO  t*  ■^ 

<=>  — '-t  00  CO  »£:>  c» 

T-l  o 


■93«3n9JTt<i  paxipM 

JO  uSiojoj; 
JO  a^iqAi'  ^ah-bm: 


uaoa-uSi9JO^ 


o«^looeoM*^oo>ocoe^J"^J•coo 
-<fiotoeoeD-<— coc)cooo  -hcj 
ec -3*  to  <o CQ  ■«»•  to  r- CO  ^H       ^^00 

oco      coira»-rcoi-r  -iTrt" 


■TT'Oe^Oift!X>-reOOC"V^-00 

cointOL—  ^oc^noeoco-*-^if^ 


dCOt^CM'WOOin.-H 

mai      i-hocoi-mo 
10  ^'      rt"t 


1— '^OOiCCO'lO'lO^O-V^H-tfCC 

oc  to -^  >-«•-"  t— cs -H  ira -^      CM  in 


m.-H<n_<ooqtDcvj  o^cM  -^ 
f-Tto'-^'.-r-^j-'.-r  cm" 


C5  10 
CM  » 
CO  1-1 


-tj-  t—  1-*  -^  CO  to  CO 

t^  00  in  o)  to  cKj  to 
■^  to       ^i  t-*  000 

in       *-r   cm" 


■  93'B:iUaJ'BcI  p9X|IA[ 

JO  uSiejo^ 
JO  aamM  aA^Ti^t 


cMc^to-^■CT!Oooctf:totOT-lr^lo 
»-«"n-eM'-icoir:c:t--H^-       oo-^ 

00  »0  m  CMCDCM  CO  m  t-co        lf?0 
ocm"      000       •-«  co-^ 


S^S-CJO-'r'rr-CO^COOOGC'— itO 
OTOOCMC-tOO         lO^HCT> 
■^O         O^CM 


njoa-u2i3JOj[ 


—  eOt-*OOlO"W01  —  CMCOtOOOCO 
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Population  of  the  City  of  Manila,  191J^. 


275 


POPULATIOM    OF    FOREICN    WHITE    STOCK,    1910. 


Country  of 

Origin  and 

Mother 

Tongue. 


I   Total   I 
Foreign-  Foreign 


England — 
Eagllsn,  Celtic. 
AU  other 


Scotland — 
Fjiglish,  CelUB. 
All  other 


Wales — 
English,  Celtic. 
All  other 


Ireland — 
English,  Celtic . 
All  other 


Germany — 
German ... 

Polish 

All  other . . 


Korway — 
Norwegian . 
AU  other . . . 


Sweden — 
Swedish . . 
All  other. 


Denmark — 
Danish .... 
AU  other . . , 


Ketherlands— 
Dutch,  Frisian. 
All  other 


Belgium — 

Flemish 

French  

Dutch,  Frisian, 

German 

AU  other 


Luxemburg — 

German 

French 

AU  other 


France — 
French . . . 
German . . 
AU  other. 


Switzerland — 

German 

French 

Italian 

All  other 


Portugal — 
Portuguese . 
All  other . . . 


Spain — 
Spanish . . 
AU  other . 


P-ussia — 
Yid'sh,  Hebrew 

Polish 

Lithu'n,  Let'lsh 

German 

Russian 

Finnish 

Ruthenian... 
All  other .... 


born 
White. 


855,471 
20,934 


260,043 
991 


82,393 
86 


1,351,479 
676 


2,260,256 
190,096 
50,829 


401,286 
2,572 


662,391 

2,792 


179.705 
1,916 


114,624 
5,429 


25,239 

16,238 

2,765 

1,436 

3,719 


2,831 
151 

86 


110,024 
4,047 
3,165 


103,652 

11,170 

7,835 

2,177 


B7,425 
198 


21,657 
320 


838,193 

418,370 

137,046 

121,638 

40,542 

5,865 

3,402 

37,r- 


White 
Stock. 


2,450,744 i 
26,081; 


744,226! 
1,399 


266,876 
186 


4,654,633 
1,352 


7,725,598 
513,446 
191,422 


1,007,170 
4,875 


1,409,228 
5,717 


431,540 
4,109 


291,768 
14,078 


43,588 

33,187 

5,952 

2,929 

7,977 


6,579 
261 
301 


320,040 
10,405 
4,221 


263,079 

25,803 

14,923 

7,920 


112,377 
500 


35,070 
611 


1,317,157 

655,733 

204,070 

245,155 

65,61" 

8,861 

4,798 

66,149 


country  of 

Origin  and 

Mother 

Tongue. 


Italy — 

Italian 

AU  other 

Finland — 

Finnish 

Swedish 

All  other 

Austria — 

Polish 

Bohemian    and 
Moravian. .  . 

German 

Yid'sh,  Hebrew 

Slovenian 

Croatian 

Slovak 

Ruthenian 

Russian 

Serbian 

Italian 

AU  other 

Hungary — 

Magyar 

Slovak 

German 

Yid'sh,  Hebrew 
Roumanian . . . . 

Croatian 

Slovenian 

Serbian 

AU  other 

Pvoumania — 
Yid'sh,  Hebrew 
Roumanian . . . . 
All  other 


Bulgaria — 
Bulgarian. 
All  other . . 

Serbia — 
Serbian . . . 
AU  other.. 


Montenegro — 
Montenegrin. . 

Serbian 

All  other 


Greece — 

Greek 

AU  other . 


Turkey     in 
Europe — Greek . 

Bulgarian 

Syrian,  Arabic. 

Turkish 

Albanian  

Serbian    

Yid'sh,  Hebrew 

Armenian 

All  other 

Not  specified — 

English,  Celtic . 

All  other 


Turkey  In  Asia — 
Syrian,  Arabic. 

Armenian 

Greek 

Turkish 

All  other 


I    Total 
Foreign-  Foreign- 


born 
White. 


White 
Stock. 


1,341,026    2,110,733 
1,444  2,228, 


111,985 

16,920 
764 


329,418 

219,214 

157,917 

124,588 

117,740 

64,295 

55,766 

17,169 

13,781 

11,618 

10,774 

52,644 


227,742 

107,954 

73,338 

19.896 

15,679 

9,034 

5,510 

6,018 

31,429 


41,342 

22,03, 

2,5i6 


10,909 
544 


4,321 
314 


3,724 

1,322 

317 


100,799 
465 


12,337 

5,807 

3,582 

2,247 

1,945 

808 

78; 

572 

4,141 


293 
2,560 

28,057 

21,893 

2,248 

2,193 

5,311 


185,532 

26,843 

1,337 


494,629 

515,183^ 

275,0021 

197,153; 

174,9431 

81,094i 

110,829! 

23,793 

23,622 i 

13,304 

17,182' 

95,126, 


318,596 

168.636; 

99,4121 

32,5391 

16,613l 

11,140! 

7,919 

5,613l 

46,686 


56,524 

29,307 

3.481 


11,235 
664 


5,122 
372 


3,795 

1.359 

329 


110,453 

708; 


12,714; 

5,852 

5,057 

2,497 

1,955 

856 

995 

738 

4,895 


666 
7.236 

39,809- 

27,382, 

2,459 i 

2.510 

6,997 


Country  of 

Origin  and 

Mother 

Tongue. 


China — 
English,  Celtic 
All  other 

Japan — 
English,  Celtic 
All  other 

India — 
E.jglish,  Celtic 
Ail  other . 

Not  specified — 
Syrian,  Arabic 
All  other 

Canada — 
English,  Celtic 

French  

All  other 

Newf'undland  — 
English,  Celtic 
Ail  other 

Cuba — 

Spanish 

All  other 

0th.  W.  Indies- 
English,  Celtic 
AU  other ..... 

Mexico — 

Spanish 

All  other 

C.  America — 

Spa.nish 

English,  Celtic 
All  other 

S.  America — 

Spanish 

Italian 

English,  Celtic 

German 

All  other 

Africa — 
English,  Celtic 

German 

Syrian,  Arabic 
All  other 

Australia — 
English,  Celtic 
All  Other 

Atlantic  Isl's — 
Portuguese.  . . 
All  other 

Faciflc  Islands — 
English.  Celtic, 
All  other , 

Country   not 
specified — 
English,  Celtic, 
All  other 


Born  at  sea — 
English,  Celtic, 
All  other 


Grand  total . 


I    Total 
Foreign-  Foreign 

born    I  White 
White.  I  Stock. 


231 
102 


116 

82 


1.768 
310 

513 
1,490 


781,133 

385,083 

29,854 


4.690 
386 


12,505 
364 


7,533 
2.767 


218,411 
1,391 


966 
173 
368 


2,443 

1,653 

847 

568 

2,051 


1,219 
277 
267 

1,755 


1,620 
318 


14,316 
'   1.479 


1.677 
667 

V 

374 
2.313 


1,927 
4,958 


13,345,545 


401 
162 


168 
104 


3,189 

759 

766 
2,095 


1,802,288 

952,456 

68,192 


1,306 
745 


22,663 
1,038 

13,656 
5,693 


380,434 
2,213 


1.215 
300 
513 


4,l'/8 
1.710 
1,740 
887 
3,475 


2,148 
428 
425 

2.490 


15,258 
730 


27,183 
3.042 


2,74i 
1,209 


706 
4,450 


4.098 
13,915 


32,243.383 

3 


POPULATION    OF    THE    CITY    OF    MANILA      1914. 


Nationality. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total. 

Nationality. 

Male. 

Female. 

Total.  ( 

Americans            ,        • 

3,584 

125,730 

2,414 

1,027 

1,890 

111,210 

1,992 

479 

5,474 

236,940 

4,406 

1.506 

Chinese 

15,235 
1,407 

i   1,422 
653 

16.657 

Filipinos 

AU  others 

1.960 

Spaniards 

Caher  Europeans 

Total.... 

149.397 

117.646 

266.943 

276      Population  10  Years^  and  Over,  in  Gainful  Occupations. 


POPULATION  10  YEARS  AND  OVER,  IN  GAINFUL  OCCUPATIONS. 


1900. 

1910. 

1900. 

1910. 

State, 

State. 

Male. 

Female . 

Male. 

Female . 

Male. 

Female 

Male. 

Female . 

Alabama..  ; .... 

563,179 

200,009 

083,194 

314,330 

Nevada 

17,809 

2,000 

40.535 

4,375 

Arizona 

46,584 

6,786 

77,236 

10,589 

New  Hampshire. 

136,961 

41,758 

143.363 

48.340 

Arkansas 

407,912 

77,853 

510,410 

161,993 

New  Jersey 

603,237 

154,522 

834,795 

239,565 

California 

556,315 

87,922 

932.752 

174.916 

New  Mexico .... 

59,710 

6,310 

106,418 

15,079 

Colorado 

190,297 

27.966 

283,083 

53,641 

New  York 

2,324,429 

872,045 

3,020,158 

983,688 

Connecticut .... 

296,971 

88,639 

370,481 

119.981 

N.  Carolina.  .  .  . 

556,531 

160,161 

674,849 

272,990 

Delaware 

60,024 

12,972 

63,317 

17,546 

North  Dakota . . 

103,548 

14,092 

188,372 

29,046 

Dist.  of  Col'bla. 

83,780 

41,161 

105.044 

52,921 

Ohio 

1,299.881 

246,071 

1,572,343 

346.712 

Florida 

163,989 

37,581 

243,926 

73,161 

Oklahoma 

243,932 

22.473 

520,376 

78.253 

Georgia 

643,932 

218,539 

807,185 

352,941 

Oregon 

151,200 

18.437 

264,691 

40,473 

Idaho 

53,167 

4,516 

118,050 

13,038 

Pennsylvania.  . . 

2,017,052 

431,537 

2,525,245 

605,436 

Illinois 

1,509,394 

294;646 

r,853,432 

431,356 

Rhode  Island . . . 

139,829 

52,094 

180,962 

70,939 

Indiana 

782.237 

116,716 

830,979 

153,731 

South  Carolina. . 

389,645 

181,350 

460,794 

267,833 

Iowa 

682,521 

106,883 

694,799 

131,514 

South  Dakota. . . 

121,512 

15,644 

190,363 

28,714 

Kansas 

452,169 

55,571 

540,639 

80.694 

Tennessee 

611,383 

116,204 

682,248 

173,298 

Kentucky 

646,909 

105,622 

719,369 

147,611 

Texas 

892.611 

140,392 

1,228,422 

328,444 

Louisiana 

405,182 

130,911 

,501,574 

177,609 

Utah 

73,810 

10,764 

113,113 

18,427 

Maine 

224,?47 
3.59,755 

51,930 
98,983 

242,175 
410,884 

63,282 
130,280 

Vermont 

Virginia 

112,181 
536,883 

22,752 
125,532 

115,781 
626,868 

28,308 

Maryland 

168.700 

MassaoliusettS.  . 

879,374 

329,033 

1,086.767 

444,301 

Washington.  . . . 

204,606 

20,781 

455,375 

66,126 

Michigan 

772,299 

133,691 

926,815 

186.183 

West  Virginia. . . 

294,502 

31.161 

394,390 

54,100 

Minnesota 

548,946 

96,928 

689,847 

145,603 

Wisoonsin 

616,391 

116,147 

729,804 

162,608 

Miss  sslppl 

Missouri 

Montana 

466,766 
965,866 
104,990 

178,357 

154,526 

9,809 

-  574,279 

l,076,7'i2 

159,896 

305,366 

211,561 

18,831 

Wyoming 

41.251 

3,004 

67,593 

6.013 

Totals 

23,753,836 

5.319,397130,091,564 

8,075.772 

Nebraska 

327,354 

46,616 

.377,811 

63,303 

POPULATION  10  YEARS  AND  OVER,   IN  GAINFUL  OCCUPATIONS— 1910.  - 
(By  Classes  of  Workers  Numbering  100,000  or  Over.) 


Occupation. 


AGRICULTURE. 

On  farms,  gardeners,  etc 

Lumbermen  and  rafts.nen 

Stockmen 

EXTRACTION    OF    MINERALS. 

Coal-mine  operatives 

Other  mine  operatives 

MANUFACTURING    AND    MECHANICAL 
INDUSTRIES. 

BlackSTiiths 

Brick  and  stone  masons 

Builders,  building  contractors 

Carpenters 

Compositors,  llnotyp's,  typesetters 
Electricians,  electrical  engineers. .. 

Engineers  (stationary) 

General  and  not  specifled  laborers . . 

Blast  furnaces,  rolling  mills 

Other  iron  and  steel  works 

Saw  and  planing  mills 

Machinists  and  millwrights 

Manufacturers ■ 

Iron  mcldcrs,  founders,  casters 

Painters,  glaziers,  and  varnlshers . . 
Plumbers,  gas,  and  steam  fitters . . . 

SE.MI-SKILLED    OPEKATIVES. 

Other  iron  and  steel  works 

Shoe  factories : 

Textile  workers 

Total  (not  otherwise  specified.) . . 

Tailors  and  taiIoress"S 


Male. 

Female. 

10,325,999 

1,789,338 

113,999 

37 

112,937 

2,359 

613,519 

405 

225,003 

141 

232,957 

31 

169,387 

15 

173,573 

849 

817,082 

38 

113,538 

14,051 

135,427 

92 

231,031 

10 

853.679 

15,799 

201.030 

1,362 

199,781 

4,252 

258,361 

1,781 

478,713 

73 

230,809 

4,298 

112,070 

52 

273,060 

381 

148,304 

188,662 

18,757 

121,744 

59,266 

288,221 

,354,039 

1,626,602 

814,933 

163,795 

40,813 

OCCUPATION. 


TRANSPORTATION. 

Draymen,  teamsters,  expressmen . . 

Laborers  (steam  railroad ) 

Laborers  (not  otherwise  specified) 

TRADE. 

Clerks  In  stores 

Commercial  travelers 

Real  estate  agents  and  officials 

Retail  dealers 

Salesmen,  saleswomen  (stores) 

PROFESSIONAL    SERVICE. 

Clergymen 

Lawyers,  judges,  and  justices 

Physicians  and  surgeons 

Teachers  (school) 

DOMESTIC   AND   PERSONAL   SERVICE. 

Barbers,  hairdressers,  manicurists. . 

Bartenders 

Boarding  and  lodging  houss  keepers 
Launderers   and   laundresses    (not 

In  laundry) 

Nurses  (not  trained) . 

Cooks 

Other  servants 

Walters 

CLERICAL   OCCUPATIONS. 

Bookkeepers,  cashiers,  accountants 
Other  clerks  (except  in  stores)  .... 
Stenographers  and  typewriters .... 

Grand  total  gainfully  occupied  . . 

Total   population  10  years  of  age 

and  over  (1910) 


Male.     Female . 


408,396 
539,920 
180,468 

275,589 
161,027 
122,935 
1,127,926 
626,751 

117,333 
114,146 
142,117 
118,442 

172,977 
100,984 
23,052 

13,693 

15,926 

117,004 

102,151 

102,495 

299,545 

519,641 

53,378 


30,091,564 
37,027,558 


73 
3.248 


111,594 

2,593 

2,927 

67,103 

250,487 

685 
,,  558 

476,864 

'  2?,i98 

;  250 

14^,400 

520,004 
110,912 
333,436 
935,849 
85,798 

187,15.5 
120,504 
263,315 


8,075,772 


31,552,712 


In  1914  when  a  special  United  States  Census  of  manufactures  was  taken  the  number  at  work  at  a 
given  time  in  the  chief  occupitions  was  as  follows: 


Agricultural  implements.  .  .   61, 

Auto  makers 151, 

Boots  and  shoes : .  . . .  223, 

©oxes 92, 

Bakers 126, 

Brick  and  tile 123, 

Canning 168, 

,Car  builders 347, 

iClothlng i 373, 

iCoal  mines 763, 

'Confectionery 62, 

cotton  textiles 389, 


900ITi;iectrical 128,768 

054  Flour 41,684 

5.'?3L\IachinIsts 384,214 


90, 

772 

877 

770 

031 

057 

185 

080 

980 


urniture 136,341 

aas  (artificial) 47,572 

jiass  works 86,461 

Sox  and  knit  goods 157,636 

Irou  and  steel 356,399 

Leather 58,743 

Liquors 78,177 

Lumber  and  timber 609,104 

Metal  mines 158,115 


Millinery 53,209 

Paper  and  pulp 89,916 

Printing  and  publishing 233,231 

Quarries 87,936 

Rubber  goods .58,246 

Shipbuilding 49,582 

Silk  goods 112,761 

Meat  packing 108,440 

Structural  iron 50,214 

Tobacco 184,399 

Wool  textUes 176,608 


Sources  and  Growth  of  United  States  Foreign  Population.      277 

FEMALES    21     YEARS    OT    AGE    APJD    OVER. 


!DI^^SION  and 
State. 


United  States. 

NEW  ENGLAND 

Maine 

N.  Hampshire 
Vermont . . . 
Mass'chuaetts 
Rhode  Island. 
Connecticut . . 

MID.  ATLANTIC 

New  York . 
New  Jersey. . . 
Pennsylvania 

E.  N.  CENTRAL 

Ohio 

Indiana 

Illinois.  .  .  . 
Michigan .  . 
Wisconsin . . 

W.  N.  CENTRAL 

Minnesota . . , 

Iowa 

Missouri 

N  PaUota . . 
S.  Dakota... 
Nebraska ... 
Kansas 

S.  ATLANTIC. 

Delaware .... 

Maryland 

Dist.  of  Col . 
Virginia .... 
West  Virginia 
N.  Carolina.  . 
S.  Carolina . . . 

Georgia 

Florida 

E.  S.  CENTRAL 

Kentucky .... 

Tennessee 

Alabama 

MlsslKOlppi . . . 

T,'.  S.  CENTRAL 

Arkansas.  .  .  . 
Louisiana .... 
Oklahoma. ..  . 
Texas 

MOUNTAIN. 

Montana .... 

Idaho.  .■ 

Wyoming .... 

Colorado 

New  Mexico. . 

Arizona 

Utah 

Nevada 

PACIFIC. 

Washington . . 

Oregon 

California 


Total. 


24,555,754 


225,736 
135,372 
)0r,,88;> 
1,074,485 
166,391 
335,131 

2,757,521 

736,659 

2,114,008 

1,398,341 
770,658 

1,567,491 
786,033 
611,157 

512,411 
603,614 
896,152 
122,406 
134,18" 
298,040 
'    438,934 

58,44, 
373,819 
116,148 
518,4 
284,909 
519,4" 
343,958 
613,149 
178,685 

579,756 
542,408 
501,959 
412,941 

351,994 
395,354 
3.56,194 
884,218 

81,741 
69,818 
28,840 
213,42, 
73,152 
43,891 
85,729 
18,140 

277,727 
168,323| 
671,3861 


WTilte, 
Num- 
ber. 


22,059,236 


225,107 
1.35,18" 
106,598 
1,061,602 
103,120 
329,926 

2,706,523 

706,72.S 

2,050,872 

1,364,611 
752.208 

1,533,014 
778,874 
607.917 

508,195 
599,442 
847,997 
120,780 
128,772 
294,849 
423,270 

59,160 
309.897 

81,662 
353,516 
270,298 
358,583 
162,625 
343,187 
105,062 

506,239 
419,640 
284,116 
180,787 

248,964 
222,473 
311,260 
722,063 

78,331 
68,513 
27,932 
209,195 
68,270 
36,885 
84,588 
16,366 

271,828 
166,191 
•654,303 


nof 
Tot- 
al. 


89.8 


99.7 
99. 9 
99.7 
98.8 
98.0 
98.4 


95.9 
97.0 

97.6 
97.6 
97.8 
99.1 
99.5 

99.2 
99.3 
94.6 
98.7 
93.0 
98.9 
96.4 

85.8 
82.9 
70.3 
68..? 
94.9 
G9.0 
47.3 
56.0 
59.1 

87.3 
77.4 
56.6 
43.3 

70.7 
.56.3 
87.4 
81.7 

95.8 
98.2 
96.9 
98.0 
93.3 
84.0 
98.7 
90.2 

97.9 
98.7 
97 


Native 
White. 
Native 
Paren- 
tage. 


12,484.48! 


156,663 
78,;a4 
67,945 

363,035 
49,955 

125,272 

927.995 

288,82! 

1,160,416 

830,354 
577,899 
647,697 
319,537 
140,549 

111,088 
315,389 
588,496 
29,600 
48,349 
140,645 
298,578 

37,070 
209.793 

55,194 
335,607 
241,703 
354,416 
156,965 
330,779 

87,708 

441.093 
400,700 
269,397 
171,849 

234,232 
166,066 
276,301 
658, .53.1 

34,086 
40,258 
15,648 
123,780 
56,719 
17,337 
26,S3S 
7,317 

141,260 
104,149 
208.000 


't,Of 

Tot- 
al 


50.1 


69.4 
57.9 
63.6 
33.8 
30.0 
37.4 

33.7 
39.2 
54.9 

59.4 
75.0 
41.3 
40.7 
23.0 

21.7 
52.2 
65.7 
24.2 
36.0 
49.2 
68.0 

63.4 
56.1 
47.5 
64.7 
84  .R 
68.2 
45.6 
53.9 
49.1 

76.1 
73.9 
53.7 
41.6 

66.5 
42.0 
77.6 
64.3 

41.7 
57.7 
54.3 
57.5 
77.5 
39.5 
31.3 
40.3 

50.9 
61.9 

45.9 


Native 
White, 

For.,  or 
Mixed 

Parent 


4,567,647 


2,-.,5S9 
19,004 
20,234 
246,539 
40,305 
77,002 

710.145 
166,074 
395,069 

314,929 
117.643 
421,178 
224,713 
262,260 

192,518 
175,207 
171,9.54 
37,9^7 
43,530 
79,5Sn 
75,572 

5o!s!0 
16,118 
9,533 
15,872 
2,316 
3,577 
7,579 
7,610 

47,716 
12,485 

S,60? 

6,073 

9,140 
37,276 
22,208 
73,423 

20.289 
17,043 

6,209 
43,695 

5,494 

7,475 
32,90! 

5,150 

59,732 

32,273 

174.435 


',  Of 
Tot- 
al 


18.6 


11.3 
14.0 
18.9 
22.9 
24.2 
23.0 

25.S 
22.5 
18.. 

22.5 
15.3 
26.9 
28.6 
42.9 

37.6 
29.0 
19.2 
31.0 
32.4 
26.7 
17.2 

II, 

15 

13.9 
1.8 
5.6 
0.4 
1.0 
1.2 
4.3 

8.2 
2.3 
1.7 
1.5 

2.6 
9.4 
6.2 
8.3 

24.8 
24.4 
21.5 
20.4 
7.5 
17.0 
38.4 
28.6 

21.5 
19  2 
26  io 


For- 

'", of 
Tot- 
al. 

eign 
Born 

White. 

^007,108 

20.4 

42,855 

19.0 

37,789 

27.9 

18,419 

17.2 

452,028 

42.1 

72,860 

13.8 

127,652 

38.1 

1,068,383 

38.7 

251,833 

■.'34.2 

492,387 

23.3 

219,328 

15.7 

56,666 

7.4 

464,139 

29.6 

234.624 

29.8 

205,108 

33.6 

204,589 

39.9 

108,786 

18.0 

87,54.' 

9.K 

53.193 

43.5 

36,893 

27.5 

68,035 

23.0 

49,120 

11.2 

6,.517 

11.2 

43,281 

11.6 

10,350 

8.9 

8,376 

1.6 

12,723 

4.5 

1,851 

0.4 

2,083 

0.6 

4,829 

0.8 

10,344 

5.8 

17,490 

3.0 

6,455 

1.2 

e.117 

1.2 

2,855 

0.7 

5,592 

1.6 

19,131 

4.8 

12,757 

3.(' 

80,107 

9.1 

23,956 

2^.3 

11,242 

16.1 

6,075 

21.1 

42,810 

20.1 

6,(163 

8.3 

12,073 

27.5 

24,849 

29.0 

3,860 

21.3 

70,836 

25.5 

29,769 

17.7 

171,870 

25.6 

Ne- 
groes. 


2,427,742 


401 

176 

277 

12,648 

3,178 

5,142 

49,300 
29,860 
62,949 

33,683 

18,386 

34,372 

5,318 

939 

2,061 

4,124 

48,037 

158 

220- 

2,303 

15,289 

8,"S1 

63,899 

34,449 

164,844 

14,667 

159,236 

181,264 

269,937 

72,998 

73,413 
122,707 
217,676 
231,90 

102,91' 

172,711 

30.208 

161,95? 

653 
187 
494 
3,861 
441 
635 
313 
202 

1,697 

443 

6,936 


'oOf 
Tot- 
al. 


9.9 


0.2 
0.1 
0.3 
1.2 
1.9 
1.5 

1.8 
4.1 
3.0 

2.4 

2.4 
2.2 
0.7 
0.2 

0.4 
0.7 
5.4 
0.1 
0.2 
0.8 
3.5 

14.2 
17.1 
29.7 
31.8 
5.1 
30.7 
52.7 
44.0 
40.9 

12 

22.6 
43.4 
56.2 

29.2 
43.7 
8.5 
18.3 

0.7 
0.3 
1.7 
1.8 
0.6 
1.4 
0.1 
1.1 

0.6 
0.3 
1.0 


In- 
dian. 


60,169 


22S 

9 

8 

192 

86 

50 

1,502 

26 

162 

33 

61 

56 

1,833 

2,295 

2,146 

73 

81 

1,468 

5,188 

805 

373 

I 

12 

22 

110 

3 

1,655 

65 

20 

16 

43 

54 

167 

244 

112 

149 

14,718 

•  153 

2,811 

1,031 

376 

284 

4,424 

6,329 

747 

1,511 

2,904 
1,323 
4,209 


All 
Other 


8,607 


43 

7 

.13 

196 
39 
25 

14 

3 

49 


9 

5 

17 

■7 
16 
2 


11 

IS 

3 

1 

1 

4 


I 

21 

2 

43 

46 
57 
38 
85 
11 
42 
81 
61 

1,298 

366 

5,936 


SOURCES    AND    GROWTH    OF    UWITEO    STATES    FOREIGN    POPULATION. 


Country  or  Birth. 


Austria 

Belgium 

Canada  (French)... 
Canada  (other) .... 

China 

Cuba     and     other 
West  Indies . . . 

Denmark 

England 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Hungary 

Ireland 

Italy 

.lapan 


FORBIGN-BORN  POPULATION  IN- 


1890. 

241,377 
22,639 
302,496 
678,442 
106.701 

23,256 

132,543 

909,092 

113,174 

2,784,894 

1,S87 

62,435 

1,871,509 

182,580 

2.292 


1900. 


491,295 

29,757 

395,126 

784,796 

81,534 

25,435 

153.690 

840,513 

104,197 

2,813,628 

8,515 

145.714 

1,615,459 

484.027 

24.788 


1910. 


1,174,973 

49,400 

385,083 

819,554 

56,756 

47,635 

181,649 

877,719; 

117,418 

2,501,333 

101,282 

495,609 

1,352,251 

1,343.125 

67.744 


COUNTRY  OF  Birth. 


Mexico 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Russia  and  Finland 

Scotland 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey  in  .Ks-Aa. .... 
Turkey  in  Furope . . 

Wales 

All  otlier  countries. . 

Total 


Foreign-Born  Population  in — 


1890. 


77,853 

81,828 

322,665 

15,996 

182,644 

242,231 

6,185 

478,041 

104,069 

1,839 

100,079 
200,813 


9,249,560 


1900. 


103,393 

94,931 

336,388 

30,608 

640,743 

233,524 

7,050 

582,014 

115,593 

9,910 

93,586 
95,06e 


10,341,276 


1910. 


221,915 

120,063 

4n.3f877 

,59,360 

1,732.462 

261.076 

22  108 

665,207 

124,848 

f     59,729 

1     32,230 

82,488 

158,992 


13,515,886 


and  Ru.ssia  do  not  include  thos« 
ior  to  1910. 


For  years  prior 
reported  as  born  in 


to  1900,  persons  reported  as  born  In  Ansfin,,  Germany, 
Poland.    Ftgures  for  Canada  include  Newfoundland  pi 


278 


Population— r Native  and  Foreign  Percentages. 


MALES    AND    FEMALES    OF    SCHOOL    AND    MILITARY    ACE     1910. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

ArkansiS.. .. . 
California .... 

Colorado 

Connecticut . . 

Delaware 

Dist.  Columbia.. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentuclcy,  . , .'. '. 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Mar.vland 

Massachusetts. . 

Micliigan 

MinnfSDta 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

NebrasKa 

N«vads 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico .... 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota .  . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.  .  . 
Khode  Island . . . 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota. . 

Tennessee 

Te.xas 

Utah 

Vei'mont 

Virginia 

Washington.  .  . . 
West  Virginia'. . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total. 


NATI^'E  White, 
6  TO  20  Years. 


Male.    Female 


212,383 

19,349 
196,973 
248,038 
100,874 
12,"),012 

23,376 

26.486 

69.022 
242,678 

47,593 
733,187 
377,836 
329,829 
247,.504 
338.642 
157,754 

89,405 
151,510 
358,029 
371,587 
305,281 
136.673 
466  983 

42.038 

181,456 

6.667 

43,276 
298,134 

47,637 

1,001,809 

261,319 

81,308 
613,035 
247,641 

83,571 
980,103 

60,005 
117,260 

86,799 
290. I6i 
540,805 

57,528 

44,488 
228,361 
136,139 
188,028 
348,315 

17,033 


.  11,393,940  11,284,885 


208,382 

18,530 
193,652 
245,279 

99,798 
125,450 

22,524 

27,061 

68,250 
242,061 

45,088 
736,140 
371,999 
325,245 
240,657 
333,033 
157,498 

88,410 
151,792 
370,466 
366.543 
301,962 
134,126 
467,113 

40,432 

177,961 

6,430 

47,94? 
299,534 

46,641 

1,015,318 

256,669 

78,366 
610,015 
237.974 

80,755 
979,737 

58.892 
114,887 

82,727 
283,096 
529,015 

56,907 

43,249 

223,649 

131,199 

.  181,695 

345,319 

15,412 


foreign-Born 

White,  6  to  20 

Years. 


Male.    Female 


1,180 

4,185 

808 

25,667 
6,828 

21,953 
1,054 
1,063 
2,881 
929 
2.058 

62,786 
7,553 
9,683 
6,132 
1,072 
2  890 
8,472 
5,822 

64,481 

28,228 

20,658 
671 
9,538 
4.761 
6,548 
1,005 
7,944 

42,902 

1,991 

195,225 

411 

11,896 

34,329 

1.902 

5,360 

102,138 

13,445 

338 

4,716 

962 

21,074 
2.979 
3,697 
1,69; 

12,163 
6,055 

19,367 
1,713 


801,208 


893 
3,473 

632 

17,738 

.5,242 

22,258 

895 

984 
2,437 

667 

940 

58,731 

4,774 

6,4.59 

4,189 

881 

2,759 

8,268 

6.085 

68,831 

21,077 

16,391 

516 
8  5)5 
2,621 
5,023 

275 

7,315 

45,967 

1,435 

212,565 

304 
9.298 
28.499 
1,466 
3,054 
85,076 
13.394 

217 
3.596 

778 
19.629 
2.300 
3.010 
1.318 
8.442 
2,532 
15,288 

768 


Negro, 
6  TO  20  Years. 


Male.     Female 


159.525 

193 

77,621 

2,271 

1,182 

1.704 

5,107 

10,678 

49,473 

213,507 

49 

12,105 

7,591 

1,904 

7,631 

40,544 

123,732 

163 

35,506 

4,190 

1,962 

576 

183,085 

20,255 

150 

736 

22 

64 

10.368 

170 

12,420 

129,377 

52 

13.426 

24,186 

96 

21.403 

1,06'^ 

161,928 

91 

80,822 

123,9/6 

90 

140 

119,254 

452 

9,695 

285 

156 


(40,835    1,670. 979    l.V5l,l78 


167,651 

223 

81,810 

2,461 

1,286 

2,017 

4,971 

12,915 

51,812 

225.978 

40 

12,720 

7,969 

1,962 

7,918 

41,432 

130,848 

192 

37,724 

4,607 

2,032 

613 

189,246 

21,427 

150 

776 

30 

74 

11,464 

193 

14,772 

134.648 

51 

14.404 

24,.532 

102 

24,767 

1.2a 

169,501 

93 

82,575 

128,892 

106 

111 

123,159 

454 

8,786 

343 

130 


Indian, 
Chinese 
Jap'nese 

and  All 
Others,6 
to  20  Yrs 


343 

10,944 

176 

14,100 

730 

60 

5 

62 

42 

45 

1,051 

245 

147 

140 

1,125 

105 

385 

287 

47 

420 

2.458 

3,291 

488 

137 

3,619 

1,368 

1,703 

156 

7,336 

2,319 

2,855 

2,365 

101 

28,622 

2.448 

1,079 

89 

129 

5,957 

84 

322 

1,106 

6 

213 

4,629 

27 

3,627 

564 


Native 
White, 
18  to  44 
Years. 


228,673 

31,788 

218,371 

420,982 

151,5/1 

140,134 

31,471 

48,691 

83,286 

273,559 

66,812 

894,868 

513.106 

402,381 

319,059 

390,822 

178,307 

117,376 

192,910 

416,445 

434,678 

314,770 

149,994 

615,679 

74,243 

214,283 

17.845 

58.878 

345.257 

59,478 

1,213,383 

273,145 

89,009 

844.646 

301,465 

141,300 

1,159,586 

06,897 

130,705 

105,509 

324,287 

698,205 

62,113 

57,314 

263,362 

222,555 

223,251 

361.240 

36,493 


Foreign- 
Bom 
White, 
18  to  44 
Years. 


107,5/4  13,880,182    4,471 


6,182 

20,679 

4,687 

189,864 

46,740 

113,937 

6,229 

6,927 

12,300 

5,432 

17,237 

402,334 

51,657 

69,160 

37,583 

8,284 

15,159 

33,338 

28,824 

331,809 

175,939 

171,816 

2,890 

63,626 

44,563 

49,349 

9,291 

31,291 

228,193 

9,109 

897,977 

2,106 

55,217 

202,580 

13,455 

42,372 

574,707 

55,743 

1,976 

31,326 

5,026 

68,308 

19,277 

15,467 

9,460 

102.786 

30,582 

133,926 

14,963 


Colored, 
and  All 
Others, 
18  to  44 
Years. 


166,290 

6,495 

88,734 

54,676 

5,671 

3,925 

6,934 

22,731 

76,102 

218,104 

2,335 

33,354 

15,794 

4,288 

13,585 

58,387 

144,877 

611 

49,639 

12,070 

6.112 

4,527 

192,851 

41,851 

4,421 

3,865 

2,247 

183 

24,063 

4,510 

■  45,001 

115,941 

1,402 

29,702 

43,013 

6,881 

54,326 

2,573 

144,107 

3,800 

93.775 

138,457 

3,059 

904 

125,906 

,15,531 

,   ,21,215 

1  ,   2,756 

3,198 


2,121,814 


POPULATION-NATIVE    AND    FOREIGN    PERCENTAGES. 


State. 


Alabama 

'Arizona 

'Arkansas 

California.  . . . 

Colorado 

Connecticut .  . 
Delaware.  .  .  . 
Dist  olCol... 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

.Illinois 

'Indiana 

Iowa.    

Kansas 

Kentucky.  . . . 
Louiiiana.  , . . 

Maine 

Maryland.  .  . . 
Massachusetts 
Michigan.  .  .  . 
Mmuesota. . .  . 
Mississippi.  . . 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska.  . . . 


Native 

1890. 

1900. 

1910. 

99.0 

99.2 

99.1 

78.7 

80.3 

76.1 

98.7 

98.9 

98.9 

69.8 

75.3 

75.3 

79.7 

83.1 

83.8 

75.4 

73,8 

70.4 

92.2 

92.5 

91.4 

91.9 

92.8 

92.6 

94.1 

95.5 

94.6 

99.3 

99.4 

99.4 

80.3 

84.8 

86.9 

78.0 

79.9 

78.6 

93.3 

94.4 

94_.l 

83.1 

86.3 

87.7 

89.6 

91.4 

92.0 

96.8 

97.7 

98.2 

95.6 

96  2 

96.8 

88.1 

86.6 

85.1 

91  0 

92   1 

91.9 

70.6 

69.8 

68.5 

74.0 

77.6 

78.7 

64,3 

71.1 

73.8 

99.4 

99.5 

99.5 

91.2 

93.0 

93.0 

69.8 

72.4 

74. S 

80.9 

83.4 

85  2 

Foreign-Born. 


1890.  1900    1910 


1.0 
21.3 

1.3 
30.2 
20.3 
24.6 

7.8 

8, 

5 


1 
9 
7 
7 
0 
7 
9 
4 
2 
4 
9 
0 
29.4, 
26.0 
36.7 
.6 
8.8 
30.2 
19. 1 


0.8 

19.7 

1.1 

24.7 

16.9 

26.2 

7.5 

7.2 

4.5 

6 

2 

1 

6 

7 

b 

3 

8 

4 


15 
20 

5 
13 

8 

2 

3 
13 

7.9 


30. 
22, 
28, 

7! 
27. 
1G.6 


9 
9 
1 
7 
2 
6 
6 
7.5 
5.4 
6 


13. 

21, 

5, 

12, 


1.8 

3.2 
14.9 

8.1 

31.5 

21.3 

26.2 

.6 

7.0 
25.2 
14.8 


State. 


Nevada 

N.  Hampshire 
New  Jersey,.  . 
New  Mexico. . 
New  York. . . . 
N.  Carolina..  . 
N.  Dakota.. .  , 

Ohio 

Oklahoma. . . . 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 
Rhode  Island . 
S.  Carolina. . . 
S.  Dakota. . .  . 
Tennessee. . . . 

Texas 

U  tah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Wastiington .  . 
West  Virginia. 
Wisconsin. . . . 
Wyoming.  . . . 

Total 


Native. 


1890.  1900.  1910 


68.9 
80.8 
77.2 
93.0 
73.8 
99.8 
57.3 
87.5 
98  9 
82.0 
83.9 
69.2 
99.5 
73.9 
98.9 
93.  :2 
74.8 
86.7 
98  9 
74.8 
97.5 
69.3 
76.2 


86.3 


76  .-2 
78.6 
77.1 
93.0 
73.9 
99.8 
64.6 
89.0 
97.4 
84.1 
84.4 
68.6 
99.6 
78.0 
99.1 
94.1 
80.6 
87.0 
99.0 
78.6 
97.7 
75.1 
81.2 

86.4 


75.9 

77.5 

74.0 

92.9 

69 

99 

72 

87 

97 

83 

81 

67.0 

99.6 

82.7 

S9.1 

93.8 

82.4 

80  0 

98.7 

77.6 

95  3 

78.0 

80.1 

85.3 


Foreign-Born. 


1890.; 1900.  1910 


31.1 
19.2 
22.8 

7.0 

26.2 

.2 

42.7 

12.5 

11 
18.0 
16.1 
30.8 
.5 
26.1 

1.  i 

6.8 
25.2 
13.3 

1.1 
25.2 

2.5 
30.7 
23.8 


14.7 


23.8 
21.4 
22.9 

7.0 

26.1 

.2 

35.4 

11.0 

2.6 
15.9 
15.6 
31.4 
.4 
22.0 
9 

5 
19 
13 

1 
21 

2 
24 


.9 
.4 
.0 
.0 
.5 
.3 
.9 
18  8 


13.6 


24.1 
22.5 
26,0 

7.1 

30.2 

3 

27.1 

12.6 

2.4 
16.8 
18.8 
33.0 
.4 
17. 3 
.9 

6.2 
17.6 
14.0 

1  3 
22.4 

4.7 
22.0 
19.9 


14.7 


Dwellings  and  Families,  1910. 


279 


FAMILIES    CLASSIFIED    BY    TENURE    OF    HOMES,    1910. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

Calirornia 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia , 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

WLsconsin 

Wyoming 


Total 


Families  Having  Homes. 


Owned. 


Free. 


114,719 

18,846 

116,947 

168,249 

68,528 

42,715 

10,501 

9,918 

58-517 

130,896 

33,577 

340,677 

230,099 

186,763 

148,141 

198,329 

85,230 

82,262 

77,814 

121.GS1 

241,966 

160,913 

88.895 

219,577 

38,680 

103,165 

10,529 

38,344 

82,790 

50,632 

327,186 

162,914 

51.364 

383.346 

99,390 

60,500 

415,644 

17,790 

70,912 

68,789 

172,779 

253.431 

37.732 

29,332 

171.476 

94.215 

100.076 

183.952 

13,556 


5,984.284 


Mortgaged 


36,125 

3,217 

30,085 

97,227 

25,653 

46,725 

6,646 

7,178 

10,595 

27,588 

12.155 

195,713 

116,515 

101,962 
76,726 
47,659 
17,322 
25,481 
37,202 

116,492 

152,441 
86,913 
35,048 

149,878 

8,118 

47,780 

947 

13,017 

104,965 
2,996 

287,294 
35,074 
34,437 

183,683 
49,764 
25,270 

235,436 
14,503 
19,419 
25,633 
35,238 
86,924 
9,639 
19.807 
35.636 
43.163 
17.784 

129.540 
3,081 


2,931.695 


Unknown 


167,732 


Total. 


3,872 

154,716 

649 

22,712 

3,970 

151,002 

4,903 

270,379 

2,547 

90,728 

1,017 

90,457 

647 

17,794 

279 

17,375 

2,915 

72,027 

6,632 

164,116 

1,313 

47,045 

9.609 

545,999 

6.681 

352,295 

4,220 

292,951 

3,037 

228,504 

5,071 

251,059 

4,401 

106,953 

1,555 

109,298 

2,281 

117.297 

2,272 

240,445 

4,209 

398,616 

3,266 

251,092 

3,214 

127,157 

5.008 

374,461 

1.959 

48,757 

2.210 

153,155 

449 

11,925 

691 

.52,052 

3.421 

191,177 

909 

54,537 

7.645 

622,125 

5.564 

203,5.52 

1.840 

87,641 

7.056 

574,085 

5,417 

154,571 

1.918 

87,688 

11.011 

062,091 

556 

32,849 

3.426 

93,757 

2.117 

86,539 

5.108 

213,125 

9,821 

350,176 

760 

48.131 

350 

49.489 

4.210 

211.322 

2.989 

140.367 

2.723 

120.583 

3.0S6 

316.578 

324 

16,961 

9,083,711 


Rented. 


285,722 

23,408 
173,251 
275,723 

90,929 
151,960 

25,951 

51.607 

90.805 
373,887 

22,035 
693,083 
290,727 
208,344 
157,817 
235,433 
225,433 

65,523 
149,201 
484,932 
247,152 
154,340 
247,106 
358,514 

32,511 
100,099 

10,^21 

49,549 
355,076 

22,704 

.,387,900 

227,239 

28,123 
545,519 
180.109 

58,279 
929,256 

83,13'i 
210.904 

40,302 
240,515 
425,770 

26,144 

35,112 
198,860 
104,471 
123,068 
173,787 

14,159 


OJ  Un- 
known 
Tenure. 


10,697,895 


14,329 

1,807 

9,115 

17,534 

6,810 

4,242 

1,206 

2,357 

8,589 

15.261 

4.589 

25,035 

11,869 

11,220 

9,450 

8,296 

11,758 

3,139 

8,326 

8,636 

11,650 

11,020 

10,461 

16,837 

6,334 

6,295 

1,331 

1,555 

11,949 

1,642 

36,820 

9,643 

6,146 

18,561 

10,487 

5,891 

39.281 

1,993 

10,543 

4,219 

8,913 

22,480 

3,064 

577 

9,270 

9,854 

4,829 

9,264 

972 


473,949 


Total 

Number  of 

Families. 


454,767 

47,927 

333,368 

:.■    563,636 

■    194,467 

246,659 

44,951 

71,339 
171,422 
553,264 

73,669 
1,264,717 
654,891 
612,516 
395,771 
494,788 
344,144 
177,960 
274,824 
734,013 
657,418 
416,452 
384,724 
749,812 

86,602 
265,549 

23,077 
103,156 
658,202 

78,883 

2,046,845 

440,334 

120,910 

1,138,165 

351,167 

151.858 

1.630,628 

117,976 

315,204 

131,060 

462,653 

798,426 

77,339 

85,178 
419,452 
254,692 
248,480 
499,629 

32,092 


20,255,555 


DWELLINGS    AND    FAMILIES,    1910. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California , 

Colorado , 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Florida , 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois , 

Indiana 

Iowa , 

Kansas , 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine , 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 


Total 
Populat'n. 


Total 
Dwellings. 


2,138.093 

204,364 

1,574,449 

2,377.549 

799.024 

1,114.756 

202,322 

331,069 

752,619 

2.609.121 

325,594 

5,638.591 

2.700.876 

2.224.771 

1,690.949 

2.289.906 

1,666.388 

742,371 

1,296,346 

3,366,416 

2,810.173 

2.075.708 

1.797.114 

3,293,335 

376,053 

1,192,214 


441,249 

45,386 

327,625 

613,481 

183,874 

181,911 

43,183 

58,513 

165,818 

530,631 

71,830 

1,006.848 

631.654 

498.943 

385,672 

469,669 

331.220 

159.437 

253.805 

611,926 

618,222 

380,809 

376,420 

677,196 

82,811 

258,967 


Total 
Families. 


454,767 

47,927 

333,368 

663,636 

194,467 

246,659 

44,951 

71,339 

171,422 

553,264 

73,669 

1,264,717 

654,891 

513,515 

395,771 

494,788 

344,144 

177,960 

274,824 

734,013 

657,418 

416,452 

384.724 

749,812 

86,602 

265,549 


State. 


Nevada 

New  Hampshire . . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . . 
North  Dakota. . . . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina . . . 
South  Dakota. ... 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia .... 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total. 


Total 
Populat'n. 


81,875 
430,572 
,637,167 
327,301 
,113,614 
206,287 
577,056 
,767,121 
.657.155 
672,765 
,665,111 
642,610 
515,400 
583.888 
184.789 
896.642 
373.351 
355.956 
.061,612 
,141,990 
,221,119 
,333,860 
145,965 


91,972.266 


Total 
Dwellings. 


23.044 

88,871 
407,295 

75.888 

1,178,686 

430,570 

118,757 

1,024,800 

342,488 

144,832 

1,507,483 

79,725 
302,842 
127,739 
444,814 
779,177 

72,649 

77,466 
400,445 
238,822 
239,128 
462,355 

30,969 


17.805,845 


Total 
Families. 


23,677 
103,156 
658,202 

78,883 

2,046,845 

440.334 

120,910 

1,138,165 

351,167 

151,858 

1,630,628 

117,976 

315,204 

131,060 

462,6-53 

798,426 

77,339 

86,178 
419,452 
254,692 
248,480 
499,629 

32,092 


20,255,655 


280 


Hawaii — 'Estimated  Population,  June  30,  1917. 


MALES 


21  YEARS  AND  OVER, 

(By  the  Federal  Census.) 


1910. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arlsansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut. ........ 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia. . 

Florida . ; 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana . 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

yiichigan 

Minnesota 

WIssi.sslppi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 


Native 
White. 


288,422 

39.415 

274,583 

548,842 

194.089 

189,224 

44,028 

64,027 

106,866 

345,056 

81,625 

1,096,518 

712,504 

511,034 

415,977 

507,221 

'213,482 

186,391 

255,588 

552,830 

560,045 

338,621 

187,506 

798,076 

89,420 

254,570 


Foreign- 

Uorn 

White, 


10,521 

25.682 

9,718 

297,365 
70,514 

153,168 

8,776 

11,738 

17,445 

8,513 

25,844 

604,524 
88,927 

146,880 
74,248 
20,440 
26,519 
48,464 
47,973 

453,601 

302.177 

298,282 
5,235 

121,404 
59,313 
94,345 


Colored 


214,168 

8,954 

111,523 

74,190 

7,045 

5,300 

9,083 

27,996 

89,884 

267,047 

3,394 

42,140 

21,003 

5,758 

18,304 

75,793 

174,918 

872 

64,347 

15,238 

8,654 

5,766 

234,212 

53,582 

6,284 

4,711 


STATE. 


Nevada 

New  Hampshire . 

New  Jersey 

New  Me.xico.  .  .  . 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . 
North  Dakota. . . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . . 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina.  . 
South  Dakota. .  . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Wa.shlngton 

West  Virginia.  .  . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total. 


Native 
White. 


23,865 

94,437 
435,195 

76,231 
562,358 
354,315 

92,220 
.135,999 
371,826 
181,434 
,500,987 

84,513 
162,414 
118,194 
423,319 
723,810 

67,784 

88,754 
348,777 
275,455 
280,811 
410,604 

41,435 


Foreign- 
Born 

White. 


12,767 
41,956 

309  648 

12,502 

1,221,013 

3,296 

79,721 

308,478 
23,551 
63,909 

741,610 

75,899 

3,355 

54,528 

10,112 

112,152 
32,652 
23,759 
14,882 

147,224 
34,687 

269,237 
18,263 


17,710,697  6,646,817 


Colored. 


3,394 

275 

29,859 

5,904 

53,402 

148,523 

1,949 

39,788 

51,889 

11,845 

66,429 

3.422 

169,277 

5,467 

119.237 

167,395 

3,679 

993 

159,873 

18,615 

22,851 

3,902 

3,503 


2,641.637 


In  1910  the  percentage  of  naturalized  individuals  among  the  foreign-born  white  males,  21  years  and 
over,  was:  New  York,  41.1;  New  Jersey,  41.5:  Massachusetts,  41.7;  Connecticut,  39.6;  Iowa,  61.7;  Maine, 
30.9.  These  figures  show  the  range.  Approximately  nine-tenths  (89.4  per  cent.)  ot  the  foreign-born  white 
males  of  voting  age  were  of  European  origin,  9.8%  were  natives  of  American  countries  other  than  the 
United  States,  and  0.8%  were  natives  of  other  countries.  Very  nearly  one-half  (3,310,930)  were  natlve.s 
of  northwest  Europe,  and  of  these  approximately  two-thirds  (2,151,421,  or  65%)  were  naturalized.  Of 
the  2,631,458  natives  of  the  countries  comprising  the  southern  and  eastern  divisions  ol  Euiope,  taken 
together,  681,306,  or  22.1%,  were  naturalized. 


NEGROES    IN    UNITED    STATES    IN    GAINFUL    OCCUPATIONS 

(From  the  Census.) 


1910. 


Group. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female,  i 

Group. 

Total. 

Male. 

Female. 

All  groups 

5,192,535 

933,538 

36,496 

112,708 

274.585 

3,178,554 

837,872 

30,386 

111,852 

172,965 

2,013,981 

95,666 

6,110 

856 

101.620 

Laborers 

2,732,161 

1,027,800 

923 

8,454 

65,870 

1,746,227 

233,181 

831 

8,435 

36,805 

985,934 

Servants 

794,619 

Prop's,  oftic's,  manag's 
Clerks,  kindred  work's 

Skilled  workers 

Semi-skilled  workers.. . 

Public  officials 

Seml-offlcial  pub.  emp's 
Professional  persons. . . 

92 

19 

29,065 

DEATH    RATE   IN    UNITED    STATES   REGISTRATION   AREA,    1900-1916. 
(By  the  United  States  Census  Bureau.) 


Year. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Deaths 

Per 
1.000 
Pop. 

Year  . 

Popula- 
tion. 

Deaths 

Per 
1,000 
Pop. 

Year. 

Popula- 
tion. 

Deaths 

Per 
1,000 
Pop. 

1900... 
1901... 
1902. .  . 
1903... 
1904... 
1905... 

30,765,618 
31,370,952 
32,029,815 
32,701,083 
33,345,163 
34.052,201 

539,939 
518,207 
508,640 
524,415 
551.354 
545,533 

17.6 
16.5 
15  9 
16.0 
16.5 
16.0 

1906... 
1907... 
1908... 
1909... 
1910..  . 
1911... 

41.983,419 
43,016,990 
46,789,913 
50,870,518 
53,843,896 
59,275,977 

658,105 
687,034 
691,574 
732,538 
805,412 
839,284 

15  7 
16.0 
14.8 
14.4 
15.0 
14.2 

1912... 
1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 

60,427,247 
63,298,718 
65,989,295 
67,336,992 
71,621,632 

838,251 
890.848 
898,059 
909,155 
1,001,921 

13.9 
14.1 
.13.6 
13.5 
14.0 

The  Registration  States  are:  California,  Colorado,  Connecticut,  District  of  ColumbiiEr  Indiana,  Kansas' 
Kentucky,  Maine,  Maryland.  Massachusetts.  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Montana,  New  Hampshire' 
New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota,  Utah,  Vermont,  Virginia,  Wash- 
ington, and  Wisconsin.  

HAWAII-ESTIMATED    POPULATION    JUNE    30     1917. 

(By   the  Territorial   Government.) 

The  estimated  population,  including  that  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  on  June  30,  1917,  was  250,627,  an 
increase  of  68,718  or  30.59  per  cent,  since  the  Census  of  1910.  The  estimated  population  of  Honolulu,  the 
capital  of  the  Territory,  Is  71,950. 


Races. 

Census 
1910. 

Estim'td 
1917. 

Races. 

Census 
1910. 

Estim'td 
1917. 

Races. 

Census 
1910. 

Estim'td 
1917. 

Hawaiian 

Part  Hawaiian. 
Portuguese. .  .  . 
Spanish 

26,041 

12,506 

22,303 

1,990 

23,450 
15,850 
23,990 
2,920  ■ 

Porto  Rica.n . . . 
Oth.  Caucasian 

Chinese 

Japanese 

4,890 
14,867 
2  J, 674 
79,674 

5,240 

30,118 

22,100 

102,479 

Filipinos 

All  others 

Total 

{     7,964 

19,100 
5,380 

191.909 

250,627 

as 


The  U.  S.  Census  Bureau  estimate  of  Hawaii  population  is  219,260,  exclusive  of  soldiers  and  sailors, 
ot  June  1,   1917. 


Population  White  and  Negro,  1900-1910. 


281 


POPULATION    WHITE    AND    NEGRO,    1900-1910. 


State  and  Race 

Ala.—Whjte .... 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Ariz. — White . . . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Ark. — White 

Negro 

All  other 

^Total 

Cal.— White.... 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Col.— Wliite 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Conn.— White . . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total .. 

Del. — White 

Negro 

All  other 

Total . , 

Dis.  C. — White. 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Florida — White. 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Ga.— W]»ite 

Negro?: 

All  other 

Total 

Idaho — White .  . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total.. 

lU.— Wliite 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

lud. — White.... 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Iowa — White . . . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Kansas — White . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Ky. — White 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

La. — White 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 


1900. 


1,001,152 

827,307 

238 


1,828,697 

92,903 

1,848 

28,180 


122,931 

944,580 

366,856 

128 


1,311,564 

1,402,727 
11,045 
71,281 


1,485,053 

529,046 
8,570 
2,084 


539,700 

892,424 

15,226 

770 


908,420 

153,977 

30,697 

61 


184,735 

191,532 

86,702 

484 


278,718 

297,333 

230,730 

479 


528,542 

1,181,294 

1,034,813 

224 


2,216,33 

154,495 

293 

6,984 


161,77; 

4,734,873 

85,078 

1,599 


4,821,550 

2,458,502 

57,505 

455 


2,516,462 

t 

2,218,667 

12,693 

'493 


2,231,853 

1,416,319 

52,003 

2,173 


1,470,495 

1,862,309 

284,706 

159 


2,147,174 

729,612 

650,804 

1,209 


1,381,625 


1910. 


1,228,832 

908,282 

979 


2,138,093 

171,468 

2,009 

30,877 


204,354 

1,131,026 

442,891 

532 


1,574,449 

2,259,672 
21,645 
96,232 


2,377,549 

783,415 

11,453 

4,156 


799,024 

1,098,897 

15,174 

685 


1,114,756 

171,102 

31,181 

39 

202,322 

236,128 

94,446 

495 


331,069 

443,634 

308,669 

316 


752,619 

1,431,802 

1,176,987 

332 


2,609,121 

319,221 

651 

5,722 


325.594 

5,526,962 

109,049 

2,580 


5,638,591 

2,639,961 

60,320 

595 


2,700,876 

2,209,191 

14,973 

607 


2,224,771 

1,634,352 

54,030 

2,567 


1,690,949 

2,027,951 

261,656 

298 


2,289,905 

941,086 

713,874 

1,428 


1,656,388 


State  and  Race 


Maine — White. 

Negro 

All  other .... 

Total 


Md.— White. 

Negro 

All  other . . 
Total... 


Mass. — White . 

Negro 

All  other .... 
Total 

Mich.— White. 

Negro 

All  other . .  . . 
Total 

Minn. — White. 

Negro 

All  other . . . . 
Total 

Misa. — White . . 

Negro 

All  other . . . . 
Total 

Mo. — White . . . 

Negro 

All  other . . . . 
Total 

Mon. — White . . 

Negro 

All  other .... 
Total 


Neb.— White . 

Negro 

All  other . . . 

Total 

Nev.— White. 

Negro 

All  other . . . 
Total 


N.  H.— White. 

Negro 

All  other . . .  . 


Total . 


N.  J.— White.. 

Negro 

All  other . .  .  . 

Total 

N.  M.— White. 

Negro 

All  other . . . . 

Total 


N.  Y.— White. . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

N.  C— White. . . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

N.  Dk.— White 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 

Ohio — White .  .  . 

Negro 

All  other..    .  . 

Total 


1900. 


692,226 

1,319 

921 


694,466 

952,424 

235,064 

556 


1,188,044 

2,769,764 

31,974 

3,608 


2,805,346 

2,398,563 

15,816 

6,603 


2,420,982 

1,737,036 
4,959 
9,399 


1,751,394 

641,200 

907,630 

2,440 


1,551,270 

2,944.843 

161,234 

588 


3,106,665 

226,283 

1,523 

15,523 


243,329 

1,056,526 
6,269 
3,505 


1,066,300 

35,405 

134 

6,796 


42,335 

410,791 
662 
13') 


411,588 

1,812,317 

69,844 

l.oOS 


1,883,669 

180,207 
1,610 
13,493 


195,310 

7,156,88! 
99.232 
12,781 


7,268,894 

1,263.603 

624,469 

5,738 


1,893.810 

311,712 

286 

.7,148 


319,146 

4,060.204 

96,901 

440 


4,157,545 


1910. 


739,995 
1,363 
1,013 


742,371 

1,062,639 

232,250 

457 


1,295,346' 

3,324,926 

38,055 

3,435 


3,366,416 

2,785,247 

17,115 

7,811 


2,810,173 

2,059,227 
7,084 
9,397 


2,075,708 

786,111 

1,009,487 

1,516 


1,797,114 

3,134,932 

157,452 

951 


3,293,335 

360,580 

1,834 

13,639 


376,053 

1,180,293 
7,689 
4,232 


1,192,214 

74,276 

513 

7,068 


81,875 

429,906 
564 
102 


430,572 

2,445,894 

89,760 

1.513 


2,537,167 

304,594 

1,628 

21,079 


327,301 

8,966,845 
134,191 

12,578 


9,113.614 

1,500,511 

697,843 

7,933 

2,206,287 

569,855 

617 

6.584 


577,056 

4,654.897 
111,452 

772 


4,767,121 


.State  and  Race 


Okla.— White. 

Negro 

All  other . . . 


Total . 


Ore.— White . 

Negro 

All  other . . 

Total . . . 


Penn. — White. 

Negro 

Ail  other.. . . 

Total 


R.  I.— White. 

Negro 

All  other . .  . 

Total 


S.  C— White.. . 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 


S.  Dak. — White, 

Negro 

All  other 

Total 


Tenn. — White. 

Negro 

All  other..  .  , 

Total 


Texas— White . 

Negro 

All  other.. . . 
Total 

Utah— White . . 

Negro 

All  other . .  . . 

Total 


Vt. — V/hite. 
Negro. . . . 
All  other. 

Total . . 


Va. — ■RTiite. 

Negro 

All  ether.. 

Total . . . 


Wash. — White . 

Negro 

All  other.. . . 


Total . 


VV.  Va.— White, 

Negro 

AH  other .... 


Total . 


Wis.- White. 

Negro 

All  other . . 

Total 


Wyo. — White . . . 

Negro 

Ail  other 

Total 


Total  United 
States: 

White 

Negro 

All  other . . 

Grand  Total ... 


1900. 


670,204 
55,684 
64,503 


790,391 

394,582 

1,105 

17,849 


413,536 

6,141,664 

156,845 

3.606 


6,302,115 

419,050 

9,092 

.    414 


428,556 

557,807 
782,321 


1,340,316 

380,714 

465 

20,391 


401,570 

1,540,186 

480.243 

187 


2,020,616 

2,426,669 

620,722 

1.319 


3,048,710 

272,465 

672 

3,612 


276,749 

342,771 

826 

44 


343,641 

1,192,855 

660,722 

607 


1,854,184 

496,304 
2.514 
19,285 


518,103 

915,233 
43,499 


958,800 

2,057,911 
2.542 
8,589 


2,069,042 

89,051 

940 

2.540 


92,531 


66,809,196 

8,833,994 

351,385 


75,994,575 


1910. 


1,444,531 

137.612 

75,012 

1,657,155 

655,090 

1,492 

16,183 


ti72,76S 

7,467,713 

193,919 

3,479 


7,665,111 

532,492 

9,529 

589 


542,610 

679,161 

835,843 

396 


1,516,400 

563,771 

817 

19,300 


583,888 

1,711,432 

473,088 

269 


2,184,789 

3,204,848 

690,049 

1,645 


3,896,542 

36C.583 
1,144 
5,624 

373,351 

354,298 

1,621 

37 


355,956 

1.389,809 

671,096 

707 


2,061,612 

1,109,111 

6,058 

26,821 


1,141,990 

1,156,817 

64,173 

129 


1,221,119 

2,320.555 
2,900 
10,405 


2,333,860 

140,313 
2,235 
3.412 


145,965 


81,731,957 

9,827,763 

412,546 

91,972.?fi« 


282- 


Population  of  Cities,  Negro  and  Foreign. 


POPULATION    OF    CITIES,    NEGRO    AND    FOREIGN. 


City. 


Albany,  N.  Y 

Atlanta,  Ga j . . . 

Baltimore,  Md 

Bcston,  Mass 

Bridgeport,  Ct 

Buflalo,  N.  Y.  .. 

Camden,  N.  J. .  .sU, .  . 
Cliarleston,  S.  C... . . 

Chicago,  Til •..-.. 

Cincinnati,  O 

Cleveland,  O 

Columbus,  O 

Denver,  Col . .  ^ 

Des  Moines,  la 

Detroit,  Mich 

East  St.  Louis.  Ill 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Fort  Worth,  Tex 

Hartford,  Ct 

Hobolien,  N.  J 

Houston,  Tex 

Indianapolis,  Ind .... 

Jacksonville,  Fla 

Jersey  City,  N.  J.  . . . 
Kansas  City,  Mo .... 

Lawrence,  Mass 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Lynn,  Mass 

Memphis.  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis.  Minn. . . 

Mobile,  Ala 

Nasliviile,  Tenn 

Newark.  N.  J 

New  Bedford,  Mass. . 

New  Haven,  Ct 

New  Orleans,  La.  .  .  . 
New  York,  N.  Y.  .  .  . 

Manhattan 

Bronx 

Brooklyn 

Queens 

Richmond 

Norfolk,  Va 

Omaha,  Neb 

Passaic,  N.  J 

Paterson,  N.  J 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh   Pa 

Portland,  Ore 

Providence,  R.  I 

Reading,  Pa 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul.  Minn 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
San  Antonio,  Tex. . .  . 
San  Francisco.  Cal . . . 

Savannah,  Ga 

Seattle,  Wash 

Spokane.  Wash 

Springfield.  Mass.  . .  . 

Syracuse.  N.  Y 

Tacoma.  Wash 

Toledo,  O 

Trenton.  N.  J 

rroy,  N.  Y 

tJtlca.  N  .  Y 

Washington,  D .  C .  .  . 
Wilkes-Barre.  Pa.  .  . . 

Wilmington.  Del 

Worcester,  Mass 

yonkers.  N.  Y 

ifoungstown.  O 


1900. 


1910. 


Native 

Native 

1  Native 

Native 

.| 

Whit«  of 

White  of 

Foreign- 

White  ol 

White  of 

Foreign- 

Native 

For'n  or 

born 

Col-       Native 

For'n  or 

born 

Col- 

Parent- 

Mixed 

White. 

ored. 

Parent- 

Mixed 

Wliite. 

ored. 

age. 

P'r'ntage 

age. 
44.473 

P'r'ntage 

38.431 

36,842 

17,689 

1,189 

36,-533 

•  18,165       1,082 

47,146 

4,486 

2.458 

35,782 

91,987 

6,464 

4,410     61,978 

236,053 

125.225 

67,940 

79,739 

261,474 

134,870 

77,043     85,098 

146,193 

206,937 

194,953 

12,809 

157,870 

257,104 

240,722'    14,889 

21,885 

25,693 

22,197 

1.221 

27,156 

37,314 

36,180,      1.404 

90,860 

155,716 

104,010 

1,801 

119,692 

183,673 

118,4141      1,906 

43.113 

17,175 

10.000 

5,647 

49,581 

23,128 

15,682 

6,147 

16,481 

5,233 

2,524 

31,569 

20,458 

■  4,902 

2,404 

31,069 

354,379 

727,341 

585,420 

31,435 

445,139 

912,701 

781,217 

46,226 

113,700 

139,817 

57,887 

14,498 

154,937 

132,190 

56,792 

19,672 

87,740 

163,570 

124,354 

6,104 

132,314 

223,908 

195.703 

8.738 

75,036 

30,007 

12,292 

8,225 

116,846 

35,578 

16,285 

12,802 

66,810 

37,837 

24,962 

4,250 

106,945 

61,185 

38.941 

6,310 

38,187 

14,337 

7,936 

1,679 

63,785 

19,234 

10.395 

2.954 

61,309 

124,215 

96,051 

4,129 

115,106 

188,255 

156,665 

5.840 

14,455 

9,484 

3,903 

1,813 

30,447 

12,799 

9,400 

5,901 

14,300 

40.197 

49,961 

405 

15,858 

52,125 

60,874 

438 

17,588 

3.063 

1,766 

.     4,271 

50,139 

5,612 

4,209 

13,352 

27,904 

26.316 

23,617 

2,013 

31,011 

34,824 

31,243 

1,837 

10,924 

26.966 

21,310 

164 

13,463 

29,030 

27,668 

163 

17,625 

8,030 

4.324 

14,654 

37,181 

11,3.33 

6,318 

23,968 

97.772 

38,359 

17,070 

15,963 

150,593 

41,420 

19,767 

21,870 

9,457 

1,672 

1,029 

16,271 

22,628 

3,213 

2,488 

29,370 

57,197 

87,152 

58,161 

3,923 

74,861 

109,101 

77,697 

6,120 

94,377 

33,426 

18,287 

17,662 

153,717 

45,633 

25,327 

23,704 

10,467 

23,428 

28,519 

145 

■     11,099 

32,553 

41,319 

321 

54,060 

26,105 

17,917 

4,397 

169,967 

74,756 

60,584 

13,891 

88,449 

55,744 

2-,397 

39,141 

113,643 

52,411 

17,436 

40,538 

30,452 

19.742 

17,470 

849 

33,180 

27,994 

27.344 

818 

36,556 

10,755 

5,069 

49,940 

59,985 

12.138 

8,467 

62,515 

48,598 

146,885 

88,948 

884 

78,823 

182,530 

111,456 

1,048 

61,269 

78,861 

60,983 

1,605 

96,186 

116,548 

85,938 

2,736 

13,562 

5,806 

2.034 

17,067 

20,944 

6,685 

2,208 

22,784 

40,620 

7,174 

3,002 

30,069 

63,687 

7,151 

2,993 

36,533 

71,552 

96.506 

71,050 

6,962 

94,737 

132,350 

110,655 

9,727 

16,522 

19,019 

25,092 

1,809 

18,738 

32,336 

42,625 

2,953 

36,385 

37,999 

30.654 

2,989 

37,728 

49,434 

42,784 

3,661 

103,186 

76,191 

29,569 

78,158 

147,473 

74,244 

27,686 

89.672 

737,477 

1.371, .503 

1,260,918 

67.304 

921,318 

1,820,141 

1,927,703 

97,721 

312,307 

713,947 

782,714; 

41.125 

344,351 

818,208 

1,104,019 

64,964 

50,233 

86,432 

61,258 

2,584 

92,589 

185,140 

148,935 

4,330 

310,501 

482,668 

353,750 

19.673 

375,548 

663,583 

671,356     23,864 

41.658 

63.962 

44,615 

2,764 

80,607 

120.969 

79,115 

3,350 

22,778 

24.504 

18,581 

1,158 

28,243 

32,235 

24,278 

1,213 

21,865 

2,846 

1,606 

20,307 

34,471 

4,318 

3,56^ 

25,099 

42,752 

32,828 

23,429 

3.546 

52,917 

39,595 

27,068 

4,516 

5,155 

9,279 

12,879 

464 

7,536 

18.209 

28,467 

661 

23,897 

41,296 

38,666 

1,312 

28,392 

60,179 

45,398 

'     1,831 

521,911 

414,093 

293,669 

64,024 

684,008 

496,785 

382,678 

85,637 

147,296 

1 68,832 

114,846 

20,539 

176,089 

191,483 

140,436 

25,897 

38,170 

24,710 

17,734 

9,812 

104,163 

51,009 

43,780 

8.262 

54,423 

60,775 

55,310 

5,089 

59,966 

82,364 

76:303 

5.703 

62,543 

9,949 

5.922 

547 

74,714 

11,750 

8.812 

795 

43,860 

6,104 

2.834 

32,252 

69,130 

7.684 

4.085 

46,749 

62,478 

68,798 

40.718 

614 

74,525 

83,687 

58,993 

944 

68,869 

19,428 

8.415 

6,267 

50,316 

14,699 

8,113 

4,275 

189,249 

239,170 

110.966 

35,863 

269,836 

246,946 

125.706 

44,641 

42,454 

71,562 

46,748 

2.301 

61,594 

93,398 

.56,524 

3,228 

18,119 

22,382 

12,516 

614 

38,152 

34,284 

19,036 

1  306 

21,094 

15,363 

9,265 

7,599 

44,629 

23,765 

17.407 

10,813 

83,558 

137,556 

104,264 

17.404 

115,359 

153.781 

130.874 

16,898 

16,750 

6,040 

3,319 

28,135 

22,634 

5,818 

3.332 

33,280 

38,810 

19,349 

18.656 

3,856 

105.784 

61,134 

60,835 

9,441 

18,756 

9  883 

7.482 

747 

64,574 

27,277 

21,220 

1,331 

27,386 

19,289 

14,311 

1,073 

35,732 

28,656 

22,999 

1,639 

43,817 

39,787 

23,705 

1.055 

58,408 

48,912 

30,781 

1,148 

15,116 

11,196 

10,158 

1,244 

36,481 

23,877 

21,463 

1,922 

62,222 

60  128 

27,729 

1,743 

75,147 

59,383 

32,037 

1,930 

32.109 

22,311 

16,729 

2,158 

38,679 

29,209 

26,31C 

2,617 

20,161 

25,714 

14,352 

•     424 

32,224 

28,491 

15,432 

666 

19,852 

22,816 

13,489 

248;      25,869 

26,882 

21,30S 

360 

134,073 

37,939 

19.620 

87,186 

166,711 

46,086 

24,351 

94,941 

18,140 

20,716 

12,180 

685 

24,423 

26,926 

16,078 

678 

39,712 

16.000 

10,426 

9,770 

44,937 

19,694 

13,678       9,102 

37,261 

42,417 

37,528 

1,215 

41,421 

64,751 

48.492       1,322 

13,847 

18,446 

14,583 

1.055 

2!,64C 

29,960 
26,654 

26,590       1,613 

13,353 

18.415 

12,192 

925 

25,595 

24,860 

1,957 

In  1850  there  were  3.200  slaves  in  the  United  States,  of  whom  1,467,  or  one  out  of  more  than  2,100, 
was  freed  by  the  owner  during  the  year.  In  1860  the  number  of  slaves  had  grown  to  3,953,696,  of  whom 
less  than  one  per  cent,  were  manumitted  in  that  year.  There  were,  in  1790,  over  59,000  free  colored  persons, 
and  697,897  slaves.     In  1850  the  freedmen  numbered  434.44a:  in  I860  they  were  482,122. 


Blind  Populdtion  in  the  United  States  in  1910. 


POPULATION  1910,  BY  MOTHER  TONGUE. 


^^ 


LiNGtnSTIC 

Group  and 
Mother 
Tongue. 


Engllsb.  Celtic*. 
Germanic: 

Gerni&.n 

Dutch,  Frisian . . 

Flemish 

Scandinavian: 

Swedisti 

Norwegian 

Danlati 

Latin  and  Greek : 

Italian 

French 

Spanlsii 

Portuguese 

Roumanian 

Slavic '&"Le'tti'c': 

Polish 

Bohem.,  Moravn 

Slovak 

Russian 

Ruthenian 

Slovenian 

Serbo-Croat'n — 

Croatian 

Dalmatian 


Foreign- 
Born 
White. 


3,363,792 

2,759,032 
126,045 
25,780 

683,218 
402,587 
186,345 

1,365,110 

528.842 

258,131 

72,649 

42,277 

118,379 

943,781 
228,738 
166,474 
57,926 
25,131 
123,631 

74,036 
4,344 


Both 
Parents 
Foreign 

Born. 


3,813,444 

4,147,771 

138,297 

14,443 

609,689 
443,391 
188,515 

723,739 

503,943 

124,057 

54,609 

8,263 

8,971 

690,067 
245,482 
113,486 

34,263 
9,990 

56,647 

18,333 
1,010 


One 
Parent 
Foreign, 

One 
Native. 


2.860,184 

1,910,468 

I  60,588 

4.583 

152,962 

163,876 

71,613 


667 
151 


Total 

Foreign 

White 

Stock. 

10,037,420 

8,817,271 

324,930 

44,806 

1.445.869 

1,009,854 

445,473 


62,573 

2,1-51,422 

324,384 

1,357,169 

66,010 

448,198 

14,010 

141,268 

584 

51,124 

3.029 

130,379 

73,792 

1,707,640 

65,172 

539,392 

4,484 

284,444 

2,948 

95,137 

238 

35,359 

3,153 

183,431 

93,036 
5,505 


linguistic 

Group  and 

Mother 

Tongue. 


Serbian 

Montenegrin. . 

Bulgarian 

Slav.,  not  spec'd 
Lithu'n.  Lettish . 

Unclassified: 
Yiddish.  Hebrew 

Mag.var 

Finnish 

Armenian 

Syrian.  Arabic.  . 

Turkish 

Albanian 

All  other 

Unknown 

All  moth.tong's 


English,  Celtic 
Germanic.  .  .  . 
Scandinavian . 
Latin,  Greek.. 
Slavic.  Lottie. 
Unclassified .  . 
Unimown .... 


One 

Foreign- 

Both 

Parent 

Born 

Parents 

Foreign, 

White. 

Foreign 

One 

Born. 

Native. 

23,403 

3,040 

309 

3,886 

70 

5 

18,341 

841 

198 

21,012 

13.513 

670 

140,963 

.      66,905 

3,367 

1,051.767 

596,921 

28,074 

229,094 

S5,2i0 

6,559 

120,086 

75,362 

6,240 

23,938 

5,643 

440 

32,868 

13,031 

828 

4,709 

608 

124 

2.312 

45 

9 

646 

103 

41 

116,272 

106,579 

90,193 

13,315,545 

12,916,311 

5,981,526 

3.3t3.792 

3,813,444 

2.860,184 

2,910,857 

4.300,511 

1,975,639 

1,272,150 

1,241, .595 

388,451 

2.385,388 

1,423,582 

470,590 

1,831,666 

1,253,647 

155,154 

1,405,420 

776,953 

41,315 

116,272 

106.579 

90,193 

Total 

Foreign 

White 

Stock. 

26,752 

3,961 

19,380 

35,195 

211,235 

1,676,762 

320,893 

200,688 

30,021 

46,727 

.        5,441 

2,366 

790 

313,044 

32,243.382 

10';C37"720 
9,187.007 
2,902,196 
4,279.560 
3,240,467 
2,283,688 
313,044 


*  Includes  persons  reporting  Irish,  Scotchj,  or  Welsh 


BLIND    POPULATION    IN 

THE    UNITED 

STATES    IN    1910. 

.STATE. 

Total 
Number 

No.  Per 

100,000 

General 

Pop'lat'n 

Male. 

Female. 

Native 
White. 

Foreign- 
Born 
White. 

Negro. 

All 

Other, 

Colored, 

Alabama 

1,572 

196 

1,201 

1,329 

378 

553 

131 

223 

402 

1,701 

158 

2,975 

2,121 

1,388 

1,069 

2,153 

1,107 

585 

802 

2,046 

1,574 

881 

1,338 

2,442 

168 

464 

97 

291 

1.127 

554 

4,692 

1,563 

167 

3,740 

874 

297 

4,182 

314 

1,011 

268 

1,956 

2,439 

188 

301 

1.6^9 

439 

797 

1,321 

48 

73.5 

95.9 

76.3 

55.9 

47.3 

49.6 

64.7 

67.4 

53.4- 

65.2 

48.5 

52.8 

78.5 

62.4 

63.2 

94.0 

66.8 

78.8 

61.9 

60.8 

56.0 

42.4 

74.5 

74.1 

44.7 

38.9 

118.5 
67.6 
44.4 

169.3 
51.5 
70.8 
28.9 
78.5 
52.7 
44.1 
54.6 
57.9 
66.7 
45.9 
89.5 
62.0 
50.4 
84.6 
80.0 
38.4 
65.3 
56.6 
32.9 

862 

131 

635 

908 

240 

311 

75 

120 

221 

948 

93 

1,695 

1,194 

804 

647 

1,206 

619 

357 

446 

.-    1,084 

892 

555 

727 

1,373 

118 

265 

54 

155 

611 

33i.i 

.2,58i. 

796 

85 

2,160 

500 

199 

2.479 

170 

553 

161 

1.035 

1.370 

.    103 

150 

896 

281 

456 

750 

31 

710 

65 

566 

421 

138 

242 

56 

103 

181 

753 

65 

1.280 
927 
584 
422 
947 
488 
228 
356 
962 
682 
326 
611 

1,069 
50 
199 
43 
136 
516 
218 

2,106 

767 

82 

1,580 

374 

98 

1,703 
144 
458 
107 
921 

1,069 
85 
151 
753 
158 
341 
571 
17 

777 

52 

829 

782 

289 

367 

84 

84 

17S 

797 

98 

2,079 

1,862 

1,048 

807 

1,708 

426 

487 

488 

1,311 

1,001 

415 

450 

1,905 

81 

332 

14 

233 

698 

451 

2,926 

929 

61 

2,945 

643 

222 

3,1U 

179 

380 

109 

1,402 

1,533 

102 

233 

950 

279 

727 

675 

24 

23 

42 

23 

416 

80 

168 

12 

30 

18 

9 

31 

779 

171 

319 

179 

85 

62 

95 

S2 

698 

635 

440 

12 

265 

35 

121 

C 

58 

329 

35 

1,G19 

2 

8S 

618 

28 

53 

887 

124 

6 

88 

24 

327 

79 

67 

21 

94 

26 

615 

15 

770 

3 

349 

29 

7 

17 

35 

108 

206 

895 

■■"iis' 

87 

21 

75 

360 

617 

■■'■232' 

37 

21 

8 

873 

212 

3 

8 

2 
99 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

102 
2 
1 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Florida 

1 

Georgia 

Idaho 

29 
2 
1 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa. .  , 

8 

"Kentucky 

I..ouisiana 

2 

3 

Maine 

Maryland , 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

17 

18 

3 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Mis.souri 

Montana 

49 

Nebraska 

3 

77 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

134 
623 

""Hi 

105 

1 

149 

11 

624 

■■■■536" 
578 

i' 

676 

3 

4A 

6 

3 

I 

New  Mexico 

67 

New  York 

13 

North  Carolina 

g 

North  Dakota 

28 

Ohio 

3 

Oklahoma 

98 

Oregon 

21 

Pennsylvania 

2 

■Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

1 

South  Dakota 

71 

Tennessee 

Texas 

1 

Utah 

3 

Vermont 

Virginia 

2 

Washington 

63 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

2fl 

Wyoming 

6 

Total 

57,272 

62.3 

32,443 

24,829 

37,646 

9,939 

8.849 

83S 

284 


Population,  Urban  and  Rural,  1900-1910. 


ILLITERATES,    10    YEARS    OLD    AND    OVER,    IN    1910. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucicy 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Mofltana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. . . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . . , 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina . . . . 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia.  .  . . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total . 


Male. 


173,720 

18,183 

71,243 

47,574 

12,680 

25,785 

7,022 

5,410 

39,482 

196,026 

3,831 

86,729 

35,956 

15,633 

16,122 

109,877 

171.423 

15,000 

36,556 

67,647 

41,617 

25,819 

145,702 

58,106 

9,895 

9,489 

2,829 

9,210 

57,047 

20,965 

187,107 

142,108 

6,645 

68,385 

35,876 

7,214 

198,334 

16,192 

133,126 

6,216 

112,986 

145,812 

3,990 

6,486 

121,329 

11,724 

42,511 

29,450 

2,869 


2,814,950 


Female. 


178,984 

14,770 

71,711 

27,328 

11,100 

27,880 

6,218 

8,402 

38,334 

193,749 

1,622 

81,565 

30,257 

14,256 

12,846 

98,207 

180,756 

9,548 

36,841 

73,894 

33,183 

23,517 

144,533 

53,010 

4,562 

8,520 

1,873 

7,176 

56.455 

27,732 

218,913 

149,389 

6,425 

56,389 

31,691 

3,290 

155,956 

17,662 

143,854 

6,534 

108,085 

137,092 

2,831 

4,320 

111,582 

6,692 

32,355 

28,319 

1,005 


Total. 


352,710 
32,953 

142,954 
74,902 
23,780 
53,665 
13,240 
13,812 
77,816 

389,775 
5,453 

168,294 
66,213 
29,889 
28.968 

208,084 

352,179 
24,554 
73,397 

141,541 
74,800 
49,336 

290,235 

111,116 

14,457 

18,009 

4,702 

16,386 

113,502 
48,697 

406,020 

291,497 
13,070 

124,774 
67,567 
10,504 

354,290 
33,854 

276,980 
12,750 

221,071 

282,904 

6,821 

10,806 

232,911 

18,416 

74,866 

57,769 

3,874 


Native  White. 


Native 
Parent- 
age. 


84,204 

1,414 

54,221 

4,323 

7,445 

1,707 

3,362 

797 

14,331 

79,875 

525 

32,836 

36,829 

8,391 

7,673 

145,156 

82,100 

5,776 

17,464 

3.428 

9.561 

1.536 

28,344 

60,070 

403 

2,787 

-103 

1,462 

8,562 

28,689 

21,292 

131,992 

349 

39,807 

32,605 

r,437 

46,054 

944 

50,112 

556 

120,384 

60,881 

465 

2,234 

81,105 

1,281 

50,580 

3,223 

209 


Foreign  or 
Mxd.  Par- 
entage 


2,701,2131   5,516,163     1,378,884 


564 

2,362 

804 

3,186 

688 

1,876 

163 

163 

540 

328 

182 

7,650 

4,126 

3,150 

1,799 

1,641 

3,259 

4,048 

.    1,488 

5,735 

8,285 

4,302 

3.55 

5,172 

,  333 

1,491 

84 

1,377 

3,691 

1,649 

15,026 

197 

1,064 

7,503 

964 

404 

13,626 

2,309 

133 

683 

582 

29,710 

367 

2,261 

352 

555 

827 

8,245 

89 


155,.388 


Foreign- 
Born 
White. 


2,063 
13,758 

1,466 
60,292 
13,897 
49,202 

3,359 

1,944 

3,390 
875 

2,742 

117,751 

18,200 

16,894 

13,787 

3,300 
12,085 
14,394 
12,047 
129,412 
54,113 
40,627 

1,364 
22,631 

8,445 
12,264 

1,344 
13,485 
93,551 

6,580 

362,025 

477 

9,474 
66,887 

3,828 

6,120 

279,668 

29,781 

399 

4,896 

l-,488 
67,295 

3,636 

6,239 

2,368 
11,233 
13,075 
43,662 

2,548 


Negro. 


1,6.50,361 


265,628 

122 

86,398 

1,329 

856 

792 

6,345 

10,814 

59,503 

308,639 

37 

9,713 

6,959 

1,272 

5,341 

57,900 

254,148 

93 

42,289 

2,584 

826 

215 

259,438 

23,062 

114 

482 

26 

51 

7,405 

191 

5,768 

156,303 

26 

10,460 

17,858 

46 

14,638 

752 

226,242 

38 

98,641 

124,618 

49 

69 

148,950 

239 

10,347 

118 

102 


lUitefate 

Males  of 

Voting 

Age. 


124,494 

14,463 

53,440 

42,787 

11,343 

23,562 

6,272 

5,082 

29,886 

141,541 

3,416 

79,433 

33,583 

14,204 

14,716 

87,516 

118,716 

13,070 

31,238 

61,909 

38,703 

23,603 

107,843 

51,284 

8,812 

8,545 

2,399 

8,413 

51,086 

16,634 

170,030 

107,563 

5,467 

62,998 

28,707 

6,460 

179,982 

14,456 

90,707 

5,550 

86,677 

109,328 

3,477 

6,039 

92,917 

10,580 

35,040 

27,038 

.    -2,594 


2,227,731    2,273.603 


POPULATION    URBAN    AND    RURAL, 

1900-1910. 

1900. 

1910. 

1900. 

1910. 

State. 

State. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Urban. 

Rural. 

Alabama 

216,714 

1,611,983 

370,431 

1,767,662 

Nevada 

7,195 

.35,140 

13,367 

68,508 

Arizona 

19,495 

103.436 

63,260 

141,094 

New  Hampshire. 

226,269 

185,319 

255,099 

175,473 

Arkansas 

111.733 

1,199,831 

202,681 

1,371,768 

New  Jersey 

1,329,162 

554,507 

1,907,210 

629,957 

California 

777,699 

707,354 

1,469,739 

907,810 

New  Mexico 

27,381 

167  929 

46„571 

280,730 

Colorado 

260,651 

279,049 

404,840 

394,134 

New  York 

5,298,111 

1,970,783 

7.185,494 

1,928,120 

Connecticut .... 

792,595 

115,825 

999,839 

114,917 

North  Carolina. . 

186,790 

1,707,020 

318,474 

1,887,813 

Delaware 

85,717 

99,018 

97-,085 

105,237 

North  Dakota.  . 

23,413 

295.733 

63,236 

513,820 

Dist.  of  Col .... 

273,718 

331,069 

Ohio 

1,998,382 

2.159.163 

2,665,143 

2.101.978 

Florida 

107,031 

421,511 

219,080 

533,539 

Oklahoma 

.58,417 

731.974 

320.155 

1,337,000 

Georgia 

346,382 

1,869,949 

■  538,650 

2,070,471 

Oregon   

1,13,130 

280..356 

307,060 

365,705 

Idaho 

10,003 

151,709 

69,898 

255  696 

Pennsylvania . .  . 
Rhode  Island .  .  . 

3,448.610 
407.647 

2,853  505 

4,630  669 

3,014,442 

flUnois 

2.616,388 

2,205,182 

3.476,929 

2.161,662 

20,909 

524.654 

17,956 

Indiana 

862,639 

1,653,773 

1,143,835 

1,557,041 

South  Carolina.. 

171.ii56 

1.169,06(1 

224,832 

1,290,568 

Iowa 

572.386 

1,659,467 

680,054 

1,544,717 

South  Dakota. 

40  936 

36(1,614 

76.673 

507,215 

Kansas 

330,903 

1,139,592 

493,790 

1,197,159 

Tennessee 

326.639 

1.691.977 

441  045 

1,743,744 

Kentucky 

467,668 

1,679,506 

555,442 

1,734,463 

Te.KBS 

520  (59 

2  527,951 

938.104 

2,958.438 

Louisiana 

366,288 

1,015,337 

496,516 

1,159,872 

Utah 

105.427 

171  322 

172,934 

200.417 

Maine 

337,390 

357,078 

381,443 

360,928 

Vermont 

139,180 

204  461 

168  943 

187  013 

Maryland 

591,206 

596,838 

658,192 

637.154 

Virginia      

■   340.067 

1514  117 

4/6  529 

1.585.083 

Massachusetts. . 

2,567,098 

238,248 

3,125,367 

241,049 

Washington .... 

211.4?7 

306,026 

605,530 

536.460 

Michigan 

952,323 

1,468,659 

1,327,044 

1,483,129 

West  Virginia 

125  465 

833  335 

228.242 

992,877 

Minnesota 

598,100 

1,153,294 

850,294 

1,225,414 

U'Liconsin 

790.213 

1.278.829 

1.004  320 

1.329,540 

Miss.sslppi 

Missouri 

Montana 

120,035 

1,128,104 

84,o54 

1,431,235 

1,978,561 

.'.^8,775 

ftr'.\3ii 

1,398,817 
133,420 

1,589,803 

1,894,518 

242,633 

Wyoming 

26.657 

65.874 

43.221 

102,744 

Total 

iO.797  185 

45.197.390 

43,623,383 

49,348,883 

Nebr."sca 

252.702 

813, .508 

310,8,52 

881.362 

Urban  population  comprises  incorporated  places  of  2,500  inhabitants  or  more. 


Pawpers  in  Almshouses^  1910. 


285 


PRISONERS    IN    PENAL    INSTITUTIONS    IN    1910. 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa , 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Loui.5iana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.  .  . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

MissiEsippi 

Mis.souri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. . . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York .  .  ; 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota .... 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina. . . . 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texa.s 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming, 

U.  S.  penitentiaries. 


Total . 


JUN-E  1,  1890. 


Enumerated  on  Jan.  1,  1910. 


Num- 
ber. 


2,518 

250 

1,473 

3,.398 

902 

1,023 

139 

496 

667 

2,938 

150 

3,936 

1,988 

1,016 

1,92S 

2,110 

1.608 

512 

1,502 

6,227 

2,155 

1,041 

1,177 

2,833 

432 

655 

152 

321 

455 

2,205 

11,408 

2,033 

97 

2,909 


Num 
ber  Per 
100.000 
Popu- 
lation. 


440 
6,489 

5S0 
1,184 

178 
2,451 
4,747 

269 

200 
2,000 

452 

450 

l,ilS 

74 


82,329 


166.4 
419.3 
130.6 
281.3 
218.8 
137.6 

82.6 
216.3 
170.4 
159.9 
177.8 
102.9 

90.7 

53.1 
135.1 
113.6 
143.8 

77.4 
144.1 
233.5 
102.9 

80.0 

91.3 

105.7 

,326.9 

61.9 
332.2 

85.3 
169.9 
133.5 
191.2 
125.7 

53.1 

79.2 


TOTAL. 


Num- 
ber. 


140.2 
123.4 
162.1 
102.9 

54.1 
138.7 
212. 3I 
129.4 

00.2 
120.8 
129.4 

59.0 

63.3 
121.9 


3,687 

645 

1,307 

4,155 

1,230 

1,619 

290 

787 

1,836 

4,994 

237 

5,111 

2,870 

1,3.54 

1,537 

2.729 

2,400 

730 

2,146 

6.707 

2.689 

1,613 

2,283 

3,523 

963 

650 

289 

503 

3,001 

408 

12.497 

1.420 

307 

4,005 

1,668 

623 

8,175 

729 

1,691 

279 

2,642 

4,227 

391 

395 

3.230 

1,652 

1,475 

1,675 

287 

1,904 


No.  Per 

100,000 

Pop. 


131.5   111,498 


172.4 

315.6 

83.0 

174.8 

153.9 

136.3 

143.3 

237.7 

243.9 

191.4 

88.1 

90.6 

106.3 

60.9 

90.9 

119.2 

144.9 

98.3 

165.7 

199.2 

92.1 

77.7 

127.0 

107.0 

256.1 

55.0 

353.0 

118.0 

118.3 

124.7 

137.1 

64.4 

63. G 

84.0 

100 

92.6 

106.7 

134.4 

111.6 

47.8 

120.9 

JOS. 6 

105.5 

111.0 


Native 
White. 


157 
144 
120.8 
71.8 
196.6 


121.2 


53.359 


For- 
eign- 
Bom 
WnJte. 


444 

24 

250 

311 

310 

6 

2.828 

■      924 

805 

269 

827 

663 

.    83 

20 

234 

30 

250 

64 

482 

/ 

216 

53 

3.000 

1,197 

2.058 

194 

1,057 

126 

1,062 

76 

1.158 

13 

378 

73 

611 

210 

637 

142 

3,928 

2,531 

1,746 

682 

976 

549 

225 

10 

2,017 

164 

653 

232 

472 

60 

176 

64 

32,T 

175 

1,637 

891 

314 

67 

6,921 

4,461 

389 

5 

256 

87 

2,502 

626 

908 

27 

481 

122 

4,584 

2.134 

409 

265 

225 

3 

200 

55 

747 

22 

1,330 

367 

298 

72 

314 

70 

62i* 

27 

1,106 

434 

823 

109 

1,03;) 

568 

210 

49 

975 

229 

19.438 


Negro. 


3,219 

30 

991 

218 

/'150 

124 

187 

523 

1,522 

4,505 

13 

911 

613 

169 

396 

1,558 

1,945 

5 

1,366 

240 

142 

74 

2,048 

1,315 

46 

114 

20 

8 

570 

26 

1.0S6 

1,020 

17 

815 

620 

8 

1,445 

45 

1.463 

10 

1,873 

2,526 

24 

11 

2,682 

63 

543 

54 

27 

596 


37,874 


Other 
Col- 
ored. 


48 


185 
6 
5 


4 
4 
2 
8 
19 
15 


27 
3 

10 
29 


3 

11 

29 

6 

7 

2 

113 

12 

12 

10 


14 


1 
49 


C'MIT'D  IN   1910. 


Num- 
ber. 


8,599 
6,933 
4,921 

16,414 
4,874 
8,412 
1,987 
5,647 
9,837 

12,362 
1,162 

27,942 

13,294 

13,022 
3,386 

13,920 
4,739 
6,252 
8,922 

31,353 

12,359 

10,356 
3,637 

15.868 

4.023 

5,766 

913 

1,601 

11,622 
1,872 

45,761 

2.709 

942 

18,870 
fi,095 
6,431 

53,582 
2,526 
5,489 
1,596 
9.922 

10,767 
1,790 
1,567 

12.430 

11.019 

6.028 

9,648 

743 

987 


33 

1 

104 


827  479.787 


Num- 
ber Per 
100.000 
Popu- 
lation. 


•402.2 
3.392.6 
312.6 
•690.4 
610.0 
754.6 
982.1 
1.705.7 
1.307.0 
473.8 
356.9 
495.5 
492.2 
585.3 
200.2 
607.9 
286.1 
707.5 
688.8 
931.3 
439.8 
498.9 
202.4 
481.8 
1,009.8 
482.8 
1,115.1 
.348.6 
458 . 1 
.572.0 
502.1 
122.8 
163.2 
395.8 
367.8 
965.9 
699.0 
465.5 
362.2 
273.3 
454.1 
276.3 
479.4 
440.2 
602.9 
964.9 
493.6 
413.4 
609.0 


521.7 


PAUPERS 

IN    ALMSHOUSES    1910. 

State. 

Total 
Num- 
ber. 

Per 

100,000 

Pop. 

Native 
White. 

Foreign 

liorn 

White. 

State. 

ToWl 
Num- 
ber. 

Per 

100,000 

Pop. 

Native 
White. 

FoieigD 

Bom 

White. 

Alabama 

Arizona 

.739 

271 

634 

4.646 

510 

2.244 

366 

270. 

207 

813 

97 

5,421 

3,114 

1,779 

735 

1,622 

187 

945 

1,681 

6.655 

2,970 

687 

43fi 

2,388 

415 

34.6 

132.0 

33.9 

195.4 

63.8 

201.3 

180.9 

83.4 

27.5 

31.2 

29.8 

96.1 

115.3 

SO.O 

43.5 

66.5 

11.3 

127.3 

129 . 8 

194.7 

105.7 

33.1 

24.3 

72. 5 

110.4 

350 

145 

369 

1,965 

257 

1,008 

216 

73 

94 

476 

66 

2,579 

2.406 

1.077 

464 

1.071 

100 

685 

888 

2,907 

1,614 

162 

182 

1,580 

1£7 

19 

115 

29 

2,538 

242 

1,194 

59 

31 

30 

11 

40 

2,099 

685 

C87 

196 

167 

63 

255 

392 

3.651 

1.305 

518 

3 

.574 

224 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

551 

159 

991 

2,135 

12,031 

1,389 

81 

8,078 

48 

352 

9,606 

768 

478 

145 

1,569 

861 

181 

383 

1,688 

564 

-80S 

1,775 

19 

46.2 

194.2 

230.2 

84.1 

132.0 

63.0 

14.0 

169.5 

2.9 

52.3 

126.3 

141.6 

31.6 

24.8 

71.8 

22.1 

48.5 

107.6 

81.9 

49,4 

66.2 

76.1 

13.0 

269 

87 

687 

898 

5,238 

871 

29 

5,042 

29 

199 

5,233 

422 

281 

57 

1,073 

48fj 

8.2 

2,90 

924 

635 

597 

15 

258 
69 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado ......... 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dist   oi  Columbia 

New  Hampshire. . 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina. .  . 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

301 

1,128 

6.601 

6 

51 

2,628 

Florida 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

12 

149 

Idaho 

Pennsylvania.  .  .  . 
Rhode  Island .... 
So\ith  Carolina. . . 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

3,983 

Illinois 

315. 

Indiana 

IS 

Iowa 

87 

Kansas 

44 

161 

97 

Maine 

Vermont 

Virginia 

90 

*•-» 

Massachusetts.  .  . 
Michigan 

Wasti;n;»ton 

West  Virginia. . . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 

306 
76 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

1,170 
4 

Missouri 

Montana 

84,198 

91.6 

44,609 

33,125 

286 


Number  of  Insane  in  United  States  in  1^17. 


INSANE 

IN    HOSPITALS    IN    UNITED    STATES, 

1910. 

State. 

Native 
White. 

Foreign 

Bom 

White. 

Negro. 

Other 
Col- 
ored. 

State. 

Native 
White. 

Foreign 

Born 

White. 

Negro. 

Other 
Col- 
ored. 

Alabama 

1,320 

165 

908 
3,387 

780 
2,307 

287 
1,567 

413 
2,122 

227 
8,369 
3,829 
3,984 
2,245 
2,817 
1,322 
1,127 
2,331 
0,917 
4,106 
1,987 
1,118 
4,796 

319 
1,236 

46 

162 

33 

2,897 

385 

1,209 

66 

668 

47 

31 

150 

4,103 

567 

1,320 

524 

151 

130 

126 

476 

4,461 

2,493 

2,725 

37 

1,060 

361 

732 

673 

2 

151 

71 

31 

61 

88 

648 

388 

979 

3 

361 

131 

73 

139 

570 

705 

3 

413 

207 

87 

29 

822 

311 

11 

21 

■■■■- 

"297' 
3 
2 

■  ■  ■  Y 

1 

0 



4 
.  . 

2 

"  ie' 

13 
3 

1 

1 

6 
1 

Nevada 

101 

666 

3,641 

179 

17,056 

1,819 

215 

8,331 

870 

922 

10,242 

781 

887 

436 

1,683 

2,996 

183 

806 

2,224 

1,041 

1,509 

3,461 

93 

Ill 

236 

2,165 

33 

13,481 

9 

407 

1,893 

78 

591 

4,226 

431 

5 

365 

48 

479 

155 

170 

70 

914 

103 

3,095 

65 

4 

6 

236 

3 

701 

694 

4 

369 

128 

10 

583 

30 

649 

2 

472 

647 

2 

7 

1,340 

13 

109 

22 

1 

14 

Arizona .  > 

Arkai)3as 

California 

ColorMo 

Coopecticut 

Delaware 

DlSt  of  Columbia 

New  Hampshire. . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . . 

North  Dakota 

Oliio 

1 

4- 
42 

2 

Florida 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

34 

Georgia <. . . 

Idaho       ........ 

42 

Pennsylvania.  .  .  . 
Rhode  Island  .... 
South  Carolina. . . 
South  Dakota. . .  . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Illinois : . . 

Indiana 

Iowa 

61 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

31 

Louisiana 

Utah 

Maine 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Maryland    .... 

Massachusetts.  .  . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mls3ls.sippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

W.ashington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 

19 
1 
9 
3 

120,128 

54,096 

12,910 

657 

Nebraska 

NUMBER    OF    INSANE    IN    UNITED    STATES    IN    1917. 

(From  a  census  taken  for  the  National  Committee  for  Mental  Hygiene  of  New  York  by  H.  M.  Pollock 

and  Kdlth  M.   Furbush.) 


State. 

Total 
Insane. 

Insane 
in  State 
Hos- 
pitals. 

Insane  in 
Private 
Hos- 
pitals. 

Total 
Feeble- 
minded . 

Feeble- 
minded 
in  State 
Ins'tu'ns 

Total 

Euilep- 

tics. 

Epilep- 
tics in 
State 
Ins'tu'ns 

Total 
Inebri- 
ates. 

Inebri- 
ates In 
State 
Ins'tu'ns 

United  States 

Alabama 

234,055 
2.341 

411 
1,628 
9.698 
1.613 
4,180 

484 
3,082 
1,482 
4,062 

540 
16,354 
5,769 
6,367 
3,157 
4,348 
2,552 
1,493 
4,035 
14,096 
.7.377 
5,857 
2,024 
7,512 
1,083 
2,485 

244 
1,098 
7,692 

302 

38,117 

3,446 

1,079 

12,307 

2,758 

2,309 

19,436 

1.565 

1,642 

1,0.09 

2,5  IS 

5,033 

471 

i.m 

4.o>J:s 
3,312 
2.127 
7,879 
220 

203,206 
2,341 

411 
1,628 
9,532 
1,493 
3,846 

484 
3,058 
1,482 
4,009 

540 
16,104 
5,496 
4,784 
3,108 
4,328 
2,326 
1,481 
2,992 
13,654 
0,493 
5,830 
2,024 
4,702 
1,083 
2,440 

244 
1.098 
4,326 

302 

36,761 

3,404 

1,079 

12,108 

•.;,740 

2,112 

9,522 

1,423 

1,642 

1 ,0.=iO 

2,216 

4,SS0 

■  474 

668 
4,398 
3,303 
2,127 
1,335 

220 

8,231 

37,220 

31,361 

10,801 

9,935 

4,891 

3,086 

■      140' 
98 
334 

50 

165 

1,294 

224 

438 

30 
143 

50 
165 
1,202 
208 
432 
30 
140 

16 
212 

15 

140 

105 

5 

15 

16 

212 

8 

133 

97 

5 

7 

5 
22 

362 
19 

157 

5 

22 

California 

Colorado 

322 

Connecticut 

111 

Dist.  of  Columbia. 
Florida 

40 

10 

Georgia 

53 

82' 

23 

683 
49 
20 

lo3 

12 

1 ,043 

346 
83 
27 

45i' 

4 

61 

2,305 

1,523 

1,772 

1,053 

504 

128 

376 

708 

3,213 

1,632 

1,372 

154 

633 

83 

551 

oi" 

2,224 

l'523 

1,499 

1,050 

421 

100 

376 

688 

3,129 

1,590 

1,336 

154 

444 

83 

538 

3 

40 
128 
416 

57 
622 
301 
125 

33 

33 

1,069 

3,58 

379 

76 
364 

40' 

117 
416 
1 
622 
300 
110 
33 

V,66'7 ' 

346 

379 

76 

265 

16 
2 

827.. 

46 

■^247 

■  32* 

54 

1    16 

1     61' 

33, 

344 

89 

147 

14 

63 

6 

28 

3 

Idaho 

2 

Illinois 

731 

Indiana 

29 

Iowa 

195 

Kansas    

320 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine ; .  . 

60 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. . .  . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

'■■■286' 

57 

141 

14 

10 

Montana 

6 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

5 

1 

24 

New  Hampshire.   . 

54' 

1,22.3 ' 

42 

■■■i'73' 

18 

197 

1,854 

142 

25 ' 

153 

■■■■442' 

9' 

263' 

374 

1,298 

5 

5,525 

206 

276 

2,199 

708 

372 

4,361 

244 

139 

317 

27 

77 

66 

09 

353 

550 

98 

1,477 

64 

374 

564 

5 

3,311 
201 
275 

2,184 
704 
335 

2,925 
241 
139 
317 

50' 

66 

59 

257 

5.50 

98 

1.138 

64 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

Nortli  Carolina .     . 

North  Dakota ... 

Ohio 

Oklalioma 

O.      on 

Pet.     lylvania 

r^hodu  Island 

696 

4 

1,575 

211 

7 

1,602 

143 

4 

645 

688 

4 

1,543 

210 

7 

1,602 

143 

1 

302 

366 

3 

357 

20 

4 

116 

289 

11 

429 

2 

13 

24 
3 
2 

1 
4 

82 

286 

3 

23 

South  Carolina 

Soil'  v  f^^akota    . 

188 
2 
2 

514 
12 

188 
2 

510 
12 

6 

''■iW^'"     • 

•  "Km, 

30 
23 

1 

81 

53 

3 

24 

152 

5 

70 

•.'i.giliia   -    ..... 
•  Washington 

314 

314 

53 

West  Virijinia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

204 

146 

16 

204 



15 

24 

120 

5 

Census  of  the  Insane  in  New  York  State-— July  1,  1917.      287 


NUMBER    OF 

INSANE 

IN    INSTITUTIONS,    WITH    RATES    PER    100,000    POP. 

State. 

Number, 
1890. 

Hat«3  Per 

100,000, 

1890. 

Number, 
1904. 

Rates  Per 

100,000, 

1904. 

Number, 
1910. 

Rates  Per 

100,000, 

1910. 

Number, 
1917. 

Rates  Per 

100,000, 

1917. 

United  States 

Alabama 

106,485 

1,409 

64 

790 

3,736 

326 

2,056 

197 

1,578 

351 

1,815 

83 

6,641 

3,291 

3,197 

1,794 

2,729 

910 

1,299 

1,646 

6,103 

3,725 

2,205 

1,104 

3,418 

192 

932 

183 

961 

3,163 

65 

17,846 

1,725 

221 

7,600 

7 

640 

8,482 

795 

912 

310 

1,845 

1,670 

166 

823 

2,407 

380 

1,079 

3,513 

40 

170.0 
97.1 

107.3 

70.0 

309.2 

79.1 
275.5 

116.9 
684.9 

89.7 

98.8 

98.4 
173.6 
150.1 
167.2 
125.7 
146.8 

81.4 
196.5 
157.9 
272.6 
177.9 
169.4 

85.6 
127.6 
145.3 

88.0 
399.9 
255.2 
218.9 

43.0 
297.5 
106.6 
121.0 
207.0 

11.3 
204.0 
161.3 
230.1 

79.2 

94.3 
104.4 

74.7 

79.8 
247.6 
145.4 
108.8 
141.5 
208.3 

65.9 

150,151 
1,603 

224 

667 
5.717 

754 
2,831 

353 
2.453 

713 
2,839 

255 
9,G07 
4,358 
4,385 
2.460 
3.058 
1,585 

885 
2,505 
8,679 
5,430 
4.070 
1.493 
5.103 

543 
1,536 

200 

496 
4,865 

113 

26,176 

1,883 

446 
8,621 

413 

1,285 

11,521 

1,077 

1,156 

595 
1,713 
3.345 

344 

887 
3,137 
1,178 
1,475 
5,023 
96 

183.6 

82.6 
146.9 

47.4 
316.0 
119.0 
287.9 
184.7 
823.9 
116.9 
120.4 
115.3 
187.7 
168.7 
196.7 
158.7 
139.1 
107.0 
124.3 
204.2 
288.4 
211.9 
217.8 

91.0 
160.8 
186.3 
138.1 
352.8 
118.5 
229.4 

46.5 
329.7 

93.8 
108.1 
196.9 

37.4 
253.2 
169.5 
229.2 

82.3 
127.2 

82.3 

99.7 
110.3 
254.8 
162.6 
158.2 
139.9 
232.0 

85.8 

187,791 
2,039 

337 
1,092 
6,652 
1,199 
3.579 

441 
2,890 

849 
3,132 

388 
12,839 
4,527 
5,377 
2,912 
3,538 
2,158 
1,258 
3,220 
11,601 
6,699 
4,744 
1.978 
6.168 

097 
1.990 

230 

909 
6,042 

219 

31,280 

2,522 

628 
10,594 
1,110 
1,685 
15.058 
1,243 
1,541 

864 
2.204 
4,053 

342 

990 
3,635 
1,987 
1,722 
6,587 

162 

204.2 

95.4 
1-64.9 

69.4 
279.8 
150.1 
321.1 
218. 0 
872. 9 
112.8 
120.0 
119.2 
227.7 
167.6 
241.7 
172.2 
154.5 
130.3 
169.5 
248.6 
344.6 
238 . 4 
228.5 
IJO.l 
187.3 
185,3 
166.9 
280.9 
211.1 
238,1 

66,9 
343,2 
114.3 
108.8 
222.2 

67.0 
232.6 
196.4 
229.1 
101.7 
148,0 
100.9 
104.0 

91.6 
278.1 
176.3 
174,0 
141,0 
282.2 
lU.O 

234,055 

2,341 

411 

1,628 

9,698 

1,613 

4,180 

484 

3,082 

1,482 

4,062 

540 

16,354 
5,769 
6,367 
3,157 
4,348 
2,552 
1,493 
4,035 

14,096 
7,377 
5,857 
2,024 
7,512 
1,083 
2,485 
.  244 
1,098 
7,592 
302 

38.117 
3,446 
1,079 

12,307 
2,758 
2,309 

19,436 
1,565 
1,642 
1.059 
2.518 
5,033 
474 
1.110 
4,398 
3.312 
2.127 
7.879 
220 

227.6 
99  7 

Arizona 

158:3 
;  ,92.9 
325  0 

Arkansas 

California 

165  4 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

333.1 
225  9 

Diet,  of  Columbia. . 
Florida 

840,6 
163  8 

141  2 

123  6 

Illinois 

264  0 

Indiana  

204  1 

Iowa 

286  2 

Kansas 

171  5 

Kentucky 

182  2 

Louisiana 

138  5 

Maine 

192  7 

Maryland 

294  9 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

376,1 
239  Q' 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

255.1 
103.0 
219.6 

Montana 

232.3 

Nebraska 

194.5 

Nevada 

224,4 

New  Hampshire .  .  . 

New  Jerssy 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. . .  . 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

247.6 
254.7 
72.4 
367,7 
142.5 
143.4 
237.5 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

122.8 
272.0 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina .... 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

226,2 
2.52.4 
100.5 
149,6 
109,7 

Texas 

112,5 

Utah 

108,0 

Vermont 

304.7 

Virginia 

199.7 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

211,5 
152,0 
313,4 

Wyoming , 

120,7 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  insane  in  institutions  between  1910  and  1917  was  148,47%  in  Oklahoma. 
74%  in  Florida  and  66%  in  Washington.  In  New  York  State  tlie  increase  was  21.86%;  in  New  Jersey, 
25.65%;  In  Connecticut,  16.79%;  in  Illinois,  27,38%;  In  Massachusetts,  21.51%;  in  California,  45.79%. 
The  rate  of  increase  for  the  United  States  was  24.64%. 

Average  number  of  insane  in  each  State  liospital  ranged  from~4,009  in  Georgia,  3,058  in  the  District 
of  Columbia,  2,451  in  New  York,  2,163  in  New  Jersey  and  2,013  In  Illinois,  down  to  244  in  Nevada  and 
220  in  Wyoming, 

Increase  in  number  of  feeble-minded  in  institutions,  1910-1917,  was  506,45%  in  Maine;  488,33%  In 
Virginia;  408,33%  in  Rhode  Island;  305.26%  in  Texas;  61.50%  in  New  York;  102,81%  in  New  Jersey; 
48,98%,  in  Connecticut;  119,47%  In  Massachusetts;  82,21%,  in  Illinois,  and  51.52%  la  California.  For 
Whole  United  States,  79,54%. 


CENSUS    OF    THE 

(By  Horatio  M, 


INSANE    IN    NEW    YORK    STATE-JULY    1,    1917. 

Pollock,  Ph  D,,  Statistician,  State  Hospital  Commission,) 


Disease. 


Traumatic 

Senile 

With  cerebral  arteriosclerosis, . 

Dementia  paralytica 

With  cerebral  syphilis 

With  Huntington's  chorea.  .  . . 

With  brain  tumor 

With  other  brain  or  nervous  diseases 

Alcoholic 

Drug  and  other  toxic 

Infective-exhaustive 

Allied  to  infective-exhaustive.. 

Autotoxic 

Manic-depressive 


Males. 

Females 

47 

4 

445 

902 

254 

197 

957 

368 

80 

39 

13 

16 

4 

10 

61 

62 

1.114 

535 

19 

24 

21 

40 

2 

23 

2 

11 

v'^      865 

1,543 

Disease. 


Allied  to  manic-depressive 

Involution  melancholia 

Symptomatic  depressions 

Dementia  praecox 

Allied  to  dementia  praecox 

Paranoic  conditions  and  paranoias. 

Epileptic 

Psychoneurosis 

Constitutional  inferiority 

Mental  deficiency 

Unclassified 

Not  insane 


Total , 


Females 


The  .average  age  of  the  Austrian, 
and  Irish.  In  1911  over  23%  of  the 
under  30  years. 


Italian,  and  Russian  patients  is  younger  than  that  of  the  Germans 
Russian-born  inmates  were  20-24  years  old,  and  nearly  53%  were 


288 


Yearly  Increase  of  Insane  in  N.  Y.  State,  with  Ratios. 


YEARLY 

INCREASE    OF    INSANE    IN 

N.    Y.    STATE, 

WITH 

RATIOS. 

October  1. 

TOTAL. 

State    Hospitals. 

PRIVATE 
INSTITUTIONS. 

CRIMINAL  Insane. 

Patients 
to  Each 
100,000 
of  Pop. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females . 

Males. 

Females . 

Males. 

Females . 

1889 

7.216 

7.509 

7,858 

8,246 

8,749 

9.172 

9.722 

10,020 

10,484- 

10.854 

11,109 

11,493 

11,804 

12,079 

12,542 

12,930 

13,175 

13,548 

13,927 

14,638 

15.107 

15.654 

16.010 

16,271 

16,716 

16.899 

17.382 

17,863 

18,422 

8,257 
8,497 
8,794 
9,155 
9,602 
9,916 
10,494 
10,849 
11,199 
11,532 
11,854 
12,285 
12,510 
12,911 
13,392 
13,931 
14.231 
14,754 
15.103 
15.819 
16.433 
17,004 
17,301 
17,702 
18,317 
18,825 
19.281 
19.718 
20.342 

6,687 

6,961 

7,287 

7,562 

7,984 

8,424 

8,894 

9,164 

9,571 

9,886 

10,121 

10,422 

10,755 

10,986 

11,445 

11,789 

11.994 

12.331 

12.080 

13,313 

13,734 

14,252 

14,569 

14,744 

15,089 

15,318 

15,796 

16.252 

16,801 

7,718 

7,991 

8,276 

8,009 

9,030 

9,392 

9,961 

10,314 

10,640 

10,959 

11,253 

11,660 

11,899 

12,283 

12.742 

13.230 

13,524 

14.026 

14.422 

15.035 

15.029 

10,193 

10,482 

16,880 

17,510 

18,039 

18,512 

18,961 

19,556 

326 
330 
349 
358 
384 
332 
351 
.335 
323 
330 
382 
373 
373 
373 
372 
380 
367 
363 
343 
373 
378 
380 
377 
398 
375 
365 
338 
345 
336 

523 

488 

50  r 

524 

542 

487 

496 

497 

514 

525 

548 

565 

554 

556 

575 

618 

618 

622 

634 

663 

672 

072 

084 

079 

056 

658 

636- 

621 

038 

203 

218 

222 

326 

381 

416 

477 

521 

587 

638 

666 

698 

676 

720 

725 

701 

814 

854 

904 

952 

995 

1,022 

1,064 

1,129 

1,252 

1,216 

1,218 

1,266 

1.285 

16 

18 

17 

22 

30 

37 

37 

38 

45 

48 

53 

54 

57 

72 

75 

83 

89 

106 

110 

121 

132 

139 

135 

143 

151 

128 

133 

136 

148 

255.2 

1890....^ 

1891...-, 

259.3 
265.1 

1892. ■.■. 

272.3 

1893 

282  3 

1894 

288  8 

1895 

300  8 

1896 

305  6- 

1897 

312  4 

1898 

317  6 

1899 . 

321  6 

1900 

327.1 

1901 

327.3 

1902 

329  3 

1903 

334.7 

1904     

339  7 

1905 

339.7 

1906 

341.9 

1907 

342.6 

1908 

349.6 

1909 

352.9 

1910 

358.3 

1911 

361.0 

1912 

363.6 

1913 

370.4 

1914  

373.2 

1915 

378.4 

1916 

383.4 

1917 

391.9 

State  hospital  column  is  inclusive  of  those  in  county  almshouses  prior  to  1894  and  in  county  asylums 
prior  to  1896. 

ADMISSIONS  TO   INSTITUTIONS  FOR   THE   INSANE   IN   NEW   YORK   STATE,   EXCLUSIVE 

OF    TRANSFERS. 


October  1. 

Total 
Number. 

TofI  Per 

1.000,000 

Pop. 

State 
Hos- 
pitals. 

Criminal 
Insane. 

OCTOBER    1. 

Total 
Number. 

Tot'l  Per 

1,000.000 

Pop. 

State 
Hcs- 
pitals. 

Criminal 
Insane. 

1897 

M. 
2.633 
2,593 
2,587 
'filli 

F. 
2.375 
2.467 
2.458 
2.575 
2.486 
2.535 
2.746 
3.064 
2.930 
3.099 
3.173 

M. 
763 
740 
727 
724 
711 
639 
763 
745 
756 
790 
842 

F. 
631 
696 
683 
705 
666 
665 
705 
771 
722 
746 
744 

M. 
2,273 
2,267 
2,326 
2,224 
2,308 
2,279 
2,609 
2.600 
2.690 
2,914 
3.203 

F. 

2,097 
2,206 
2,192 
2.281 
2.253 
2.287 
2.501 
2.772 

M. 
133 
119 
125 
152 

72 
107 

84 
III 

F. 

7 
10 

9 
16 

5 
11 

8 
16 
11 
25 
21  1 

1908 

M. 
3.819 
3.787 
4.024 
4,114 

F. 

3.538 
3.433 
3,618 
3.753 
3.818 
4.001 
4.091 
4.072 
3.215 
1.493 

M. 
880 
851 
878 
886 
891 
918 
937 
917 
703 
984 

F. 

809 
765 
799 
818 

851 
860 
846 
660 
913 

M. 
3,460 
3,455 
3.706 
3,771 
3.796 
3.954 
4.151 
4.115 
3.207 
4,563 

F. 
3.223 
3.170 
3.358 
3.489 
3.540 
3.710 
3.805 
3.819 
3.016 
4,242 

M. 
145 
136 
119 
155 
189 
247 
197 
189 
140 
175 

F. 
27 

1898 

1909 

27 

1899 

1910 

18 

1900. 

1911 

10 

1901 . 

2,628 
2.600 
2.93S 
3.9311 
3.034 
3,^i7 

1912 

4,187 
4,367 
4.512 
4.471 
3.469 
4.909 

21 

1902 

1913 

25 

1903. 

1914 

34 

1901 . 

1915 

33 

1905 

1906 

2.656    116 
2.847    115 

1916  (9  moa.)  . 
1917 

18 
29    ■ 

1907 

3.557 

2.902 

127 

The  figures  of  the  criminal  insane  for  1900  cover  Matteawan  only;  and  in  1908  these  figures  include 
transfers. 

la  1912,  vphen  the  State  Hospital  Commission  studied  the  problem  of  "Immigration  and  the  insane," 
It  vf'as  found  that  23.1%  of  the  foreign-born  patients  came  from  Italy;  20.3%  from  Ireland;  17%  from 
Germany.  The  percentages  from  other  countries  were:  Austria,  5.3;  Canada,  4;  England  and  Wales, 
5.5;  France,  0.2;  Hungary  and  Bohemia,  2.6;  Russia  and  Poland,  12.6;  Scandinavia,  1.8;  Scotland,  0.2; 
all  other  countries,  7.3.  Of  the  native-born  patients  in  1912  about  49%  were  males;  of  the  foreign-born 
43.3%  were  males.  In  1911,  of  the  first  admissions  from  New  York  City,  1,195  were  native-born,  and 
2,006  were  foreign-born.  Of  the  5,660  first  admissions  in  1911  3.518  had  a  common  school  education, 
1,427  being  foreign-born. 

RECOVERIES    AND    DEATHS,    NEW    YORK    STATE    HOSPITALS    FOR    THE    INSANE. 


October  1. 

Recoveries. 

Deaths.         1 

October  1. 

Recoveries. 

Deaths. 

1897 

Males. 
503 
499 
521 
522 
549 
510 
007 
570 
705 
765 
797 

Females 
448 
519 
488 
507 
660 
615 
656 
733 
737 
703 
760 

Males. 

797 

930 

973 

980 

1,010 

1.018 

994 

1,064 

1,055 

1,114 

1,209 

Females 
795 
827 
890 
841 
858 
790 
840 
923 
962 
957 
1,049 

1908 

Males. 
813 
788 
815 
837 
780 
795 
907 
731 
584 
835 

Females 
809 
734 
773 
861 
830 
802 
796 
846 
602 
871 

Males. 
1,189 
1,321 
1,367 
1,511 
1,485 
1,608 
1,586 
1,652 
1,368 
2,070 

Females 
1,144 

1898 

1909 

1,053 

1899 

1910 

1,169 

1900 

1911 

1,375 

1901 

1912 

1,205 

1902 

1913 

1,282 

1903 

1914 

1,422 

1904 

1915 

1916  (9  months) . . 
1917 

1,384 

1905 

1,154 

1905 

1,842 

1907 

Percentage  of  recoveries  per  100  admissions — (1916)  males,  18.2;  females,  20.0.  (1917)  males,  18.3: 
females,  20.5. 

Percentage  of  deaths  jper  1,000  under  treatment — (1916)  males,  71.9;  females,  53.5.  (1917)  males, 
99.3;  females.  79.4. 

The  percentages  are  exclusive  of  transfers. 

Intemperate  use  of  alcohol  was  noted  in  the  case  of  1,452  patients  in  these  Institutions  in  1917,  of 
whom  300  were  females. 


Aliens  in  N.  Y.  State  Hospitah  for  the  Insane,  1912-1917.      289 


ALIENS    IN    N.    Y.    STATE    HOSPITALS    FOR    INSANE,    1912-1917. 


YEAR. 

Number. 

Percent. 

Year.        |  Number. 

Percent. 

Year. 

Number. 

Percent. 

1912          

9.241 
9,029 

29  2 
27.7 

1914. . 

1915. 

8,976 
9,208 

26.9 
26.8 

1916. .  . 

9,492 
9,843 

27.0 

1913 

1917 

27.1 

AtlE.V    AND    NON-RESIDENT    INSANE    REMOVED    FROM    NEW    YORK    STATE,    1894-1917. 


Year. 

Aliens 

Non- 
Resl- 

dents. 

Y'BAR. 

Aliens 

103 
94 
147 
176 
299 
307 
352 

Non- 
Resi- 
dents. 

65 

32 
104 

86 
118 

98 
170 

Year. 

.4.1iens 

Non- 
Resl- 
dents. 

Year. 

Aliens 

Non- 
Resi- 
dents. 

1894 

1895 

1890 

189-7 

1898 

1899 

1900 

13 
16 
40 
38 
48 
92 
48 

7 
13 
58 
35 
76 
76 
55 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

424 
489 
613 
784 
1,171 
865 

174 
86 
251 
3,432 
582 
487 

1914 

1915 

1916  (6  mo.) 
1917 

Total.... 

825 

490 

208 

52 

399 
304 
284 
268 

7,694 

4,170 

EXPENDITURES   FOR    NEW    Y'ORK   STATE   HOSPITALS   FOR   THE   INSANE. 


Year. 

Maintenance. 

Additions   and 
Improvements 

Year. 

Maintenance. 

Additions  and 
Improvements 

1843 

$8,000 

8,373 

8,614 

85.156 

90,021 

528,100 

15,000 

10,000 

414,427 

771,358 

1900 

$3,993,198 
6,068,261 
7,508,910 

8662,948 

1853 

1910 

1,412,508 

1864 

1917 

711,362 

Totals  since  1837  .  . 

1890 : : 

$113,868,134 

833,022,091 

NEW  Y'ORK  STATE  CITIES'  FOREIGN  POPULATION, 

"■  (United  States  Census.) 


1910 


For  Albany,  Buffalo  and  New  York  City 
For  total  population  of  cities  in  table  below  see 

see  table  on  Foreign  Whites  in  Principal  American  Cities, 
separate  table. 

Subject, 

Amster- 
dam. 

Au- 
burn, 

Bing- 
hamt'n. 

Elmira. 

James- 
town. 

Kings- 
ton. 

Mount 
Vernon. 

New 
Roch'le. 

New- 
burgh. 

Foreign-Born  White:  Born  in 

2,554 
107 
172 

47 

793 

1 

14 

1,702 

10 

4 

41 

978 

1,750 

7 

5 

2,128 

134 

34 

74 

0 

6 

51 

1,480 

126 

395 

4 

1,053 

1 

18 

745 

22 

11 

74 

1,503 

1,595 

9 

1 

250 

202 

34 

21 

36 

2 

31 

425 
47 

207 

7 

18 

494 

e 

25 

681 

52 

11 

1,769 

1,831 

595 

19 

2 

859 

124 

65 

43 

23 

24 

62 

221 

21 

194 

3 

13 

383 

1 

19 

1,162 

17 

10 

42 

1,277 

919 

13 

12 

658 

94 

71 

29 

29 

9 

62 

35 
24 

281 
1 

274 

1,118 

18 

37 

256 
41 
10 
13 

244 

939 
42 
11 
48 
52 
6,929 
23 
2 

186 
28 

210 

34 

58 

4 

7 

190 

ii 

1,020 

12 

7 

86 

681 

380 

9 

2 

540 

45 

15 

16 

37 

7 

20 

215 

28 

233 

7 

59 

636 

81 

91 

1,647 

10 

9 

96 

1,048 

2,670 

38 

9 

575 

224 

208 

64 

7 

5 

69 

154 

28 

240 

15 

72 

573 

186 

96 

1,211 

29 

32 

76 

1,568 

2,884 

106 

10 

638 

293 

298 

66 

10 

2 

91 

126 

4 

141 

Cuba  and  other  W.  Ind . . . 
Denmark 

5 

29 

£!D£:land 

619 

Finland 

5 

France 

11 

Germany 

Greece 

512 
30 

Holland 

7 

Hunaarv. .  .        

139 

Ireland 

Italv  

1,55S 
675 

Norway 

23 

Roiimanla,                

10 

Russia 

519 

Scotland 

233 

Sweden 

69 

Switzerland 

15 

28 

Turkey  in  Europe 

Other  foreign  countries..  .  . 

4 
28 

Subject. 

Niagara 
Falls. 

Pough- 
keepsie. 

Roch- 
ester. 

Sche- 
nect'dy. 

Syra- 
cuse. 

Troy. 

Utica. 

Water- 
town. 

Y'onk- 
ers. 

Foreign-Born  \\  liite:  Born  in 
Austria .  .    ^  .        

860 

81 

4,119 

6 

11 

1,272 

2 

35 

832 

17 

22 

72 

839 

1,926 

9 

3 

1,395 

248 

82 

18 

142 

20 

53 

496 

30 

94 

5 

33 

331 

3 

21 

861 

21 

36 

223 

957 

737 

5 

7 

453 

108 

52 

24 

6 

9 

22 

1,088 

569 

9,112 

21 

135 

4,939 

39 

326 

14,624 

176 

1,220 

415 

5,230 

10,638 

88 

90 

7,148 

949 

384 

497 

118 

155 

431 

1,279 

444 

695 

13 

162 

1,346 

12 

59 

3,428 

102 

60 

856 

1,355 

3,660 

58 

22 

3,868 

593 

274 

139 

22 

7 

177 

1,265 

499 

2,717 

10 

52 

2,469 

18 

181 

6,903 

106 

30 

212 

4,877 

4,756 

22 

42 

5,260 

381 

126 

271 

154 

165 

265 

867 

613 

569 

10 

547 

1,478 

10 

65 

1,818 

61 

11 

62 

5,410 

1.462 

36 

13 

1,059 

418 

71 

87 

489 

108 

148 

2,050 

165 

844 

7 

64 

1,386 

2 

103 

3,073 

49 

24 

116 

2,021 

6,688 

10 

6 

2.586 

224 

27 

253 

347 

18 

1,245 

271 

269 

3,075 

3 

12 

748 

1 

77 

196 

19 

1 

104 

469 

602 

10 

3 

142 

107 

U 

26 

56 

9 

54 

3,927 

45 

Canada — Other 

490 

Cuba  and  other  W.  Ind . .  . 
Denmark 

21 

'  ..75 

England 

1.903 

Finland 

60 

161 

2,337 

Greece 

89 

Holland 

.  89 

Hungary 

2,664 

5,255 

Italj' 

^\\% 

.197 

Roumanla. 

Russia 

.  .  .20 
2,982 

Scotland 

.  1,251 
..373 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

■i'.lOO 
t..l04 

Tiirkev  in  Asia   

Turkey  in  Europe 

Other  foreign  countries — 

-1;  •  9 

290 


Marriages  and  Divorces  in  United  States. 


PERCENTAGE    OF    ILLITERACY    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES    IN    1S10. 

(Showing  the  proportion  ol  Illiterates  to  the  Whole  Number  of  the  Clasues  Named.) 


State. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dlst.  of  Colombia. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

llUnols 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. ., . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire.  . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina . . . , 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina . . .  . 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia  

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

AVyomIng 


ILLITEBATB    PERSONS    TEN    YEARS   OP   AGE   ANO    OVER. 


Male. 


Total. 


22.5 
19,.  2 

3.6 
5.7 
8.4 
4.1 

13.2 

20.9 
2.6 
3.7 
3.2 
1.7 
2.3 

12.6 

28.0 
4.9 
7.2 
5.0 
3.6 
2.9 

22.4 
4.4 
5.2 
1.9 
6.1 
5.2 
5.5 

16.9 
5.0 

18.2 
2.8 
3.5 
6.6 
2.2 
6.4 
7.4 

25.0 
2.5 

13.8 
9.8 
2.7 
4.4 

15.7 
2.1 
8.8 
3.1 
3.7 


Female. 


7.6 


23.-3 

23.5 

13.1 

3.1 

3.8 
6.3 
7.8 
5.7 
14.4 
20.6 
1.6 
3.8 
2.9 
1.7 
2.1 
11.6 
30.1 
3.2 
7.1 
5.3 
3.1 
3.1 
22.5 
4.2 
4.0 
2.0 
8.0 
4.1 
5.7 


Total. 


Native  White. 


25. 


18.7 
3.5 
3.0 
5.8 
1.4 
5.4 
8.0 

26.3 
3.3 

13.4 

10.1 
2.2 
3.1 

14.6 
1.8 
7.7 
3.2 
2.5 


7.8 


22.9 

20.9 

12.8 

3.7 

3.7 

6.0 

8.1 

4.9 

13.8 

20.7 

2.2 

3.7 

3.1 

1.7 

2.2 

12.1 

29.0 

4.1 

7.2 

5.2 

3.3 

3.0 

22.4 

4.3 

4.8 

1.9 


Native 
Parent- 
age. 


6. 

4.6 

5.6 

20.2 
5.6 

18.5 
3.1 
3.2 
5.6 
1.9 
5.9 
7.7 

26.7 
2.9 

13.6 
9.9 
2.5 
3.7 

16.2 
2.0 
8.3 
3.2 
3.3 


7.7 


10.1 
2.3 
7.1 

.5 
2.0 

.5 
3.3 

.6 
5.2 
8.0 

.4 
1.7 
2.2 

.9 

.8 

10.7 

15.0 

1.4 

3.0 

.4 
1.0 

.4 
5.3 
3.4 

.3 

.6 

.4 

.8 

l.I 

15.5 

.8 
12.3 

.3 
1.7 
3.5 

.4 
1.4 

.7 
10.5 

.3 
9.9 
3.3 

.4 
1.2 
8.2 

.3 
6.7 

,6 

.3 


Foreign  or 

Mxd.  Par 

entage. 


3.7 


2.3 

8.4 

2.8 

.6 

.5 

.8 

.9 

.4 

2.2 

1.6 

.3 

.6 

1.4 

.6 

.8 

1.5 

3.6 

4.5 

1.0 

.7 

1.2 

.6 

2.2 

1.2 

.4 

.5 

.5 

2.1 

.7 

8.9 

.7 

3.0 

.7 

.9 

1.3 

.4 

1.1 

1.8 

1.4 

.4 

1.8 

11.6 

.4 

4.0 

1.2 

.3 

2.0 

1.0 

.4 


Foreign- 
Born 

White. 


1.1 


11.3 
31.5 

8.9 
10.0 
11.3 
15.4 
19.8 

8.2 
10.5 

6.0 

6.9 
10.1 
11.7 

6.3 
10.5 

8.3 
24.0 
13.7 
11.9 
12.7 

9.3 


Negro. 


7. 

15.1 

10.1 

9.4 

7.1 

7.6 

14.5 

14.7 

31.0 

13.7 

8.3 

6.3 

11.5 

9.8 

6.1 

20.1 

17.3 

6.8 

6.0 

8.3 

30.0 

5.9 

13.1 

9.2 

4.8 

23.9 

8.7 

9.7 


12.7 


40.1 
7.2 

'It 

8.6 

6.3 

26.6 

13.5 

25.5 

36.5 

6.4 

10.5 

13.7 

10.3 

12.0 

27.6 

48.4 

8.0 

23.4 

8.1 

6.7 

3.4 

35.6 

17.4 

7.0 

7.2 

5.5 

10.6 

9.9 

14.2 

5.0 

31.9 

4.8 

11.1 

17.7 

3.4 

9.1 

9.5 

38.7 

5.5 

27.3 

24.6 

4.8 

4.8 

30.0 

4.3 

20.3 

4.6 

6.0 


30.4 


Illiterate 

Males  at 

Voting 

Ai;e. 


24.3 

19.6 

13.6 

4.6 

4.2 

6.8 

10.1 

4.9 

14.0 

22.8 

3.1 

4.6 

4.1 

2.1 

2.9 

14.5 

28.6 

5.6 

8.5 

0.1 

4.4 

3.7 

25.3 

5.3 

5.7 

2.4 

0.0 

e.2 

G.6 
17.6 

6.0 
21.3 

3.1 

4.2 


6. 

2. 

7. 

S. 
27. 

3. 
15. 
10.9 

3.3 

5.3 
17.7 

2.4 
10.4 

4.0 

4.1 


8.4 


MARRIAGES    AND    DIVORCES    IN    UNITED 

(Number  and  Increase,  1887-1900.) 

STATES. 

Marriages. 

Divorces. 

Calendar 

Number. 

1 

Increase 
Over  Pre- 
ceding Year 

Total 
Number. 

Increase 
Over  Pre- 
ceding Year 

Granted  to  Husb'd. 

Granted  to  Wife. 

Number. 

Percent. 

Number. 

Percent. 

1887 ........ 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895. 

1896: 

1897 

1898 

1899.. 

1900 

1901 

1902. 

1903 

1904 ;., 

1905,.  ,...■.; 

1906   ,....:.  . 

483,069 
504,530 
531,457 
542,537 
562,412 
677,870 
678,673 
566,161 
598,855 
613,873 
622,350 
625,656 
650,610 
685,284 
716,621 
746,733 
788,132 
,781,145 

.  'solys? 

■   '.853,290 

26,927 
11,080 
19,875 

.  15,458 
803 

;»12,512 

:  32,694 
15,018 
8,477 
3,305 
24,965 
34,674 
31.337 
30,112 
39,399 
*4,987 
23,(542 

■  48,503 

27,919 
28,669 
31,735 
33,461 
35,540 
36,679 
37,468 
37,568 
40,387 
42,937 
44,699 
47,849 
51,437 
55,751 
60,984 
61,480 
64,925 
66,199 
67,976 
72,062 

2,384 

750 

3,066 

1,726 

•       2.079 

1,039 

889 

100 

2.819 

2.550 

1.762 

3,150 

3,588 

4,314 

5,233 

496 

3,445 

1.274 

1.777 

4.086 

9,729 
10,022 
11,126 
11,625 
12,478 
12,577 
12,590 
12,551 
13,456 
14,448 
14,765 
15,988 
16,925 
18,620 
20,008 
20.056 
21,321 
22,189 
22,220 
23,455 

34.8 
35.0 
35.1 
34.7 
35.1 
34.4 
33.6 
33.4 
33.3 
33.6 
33.0 
33.4 
32.9 
33.4 
32.8 
.    32.6 
32.8 
33.5 
32.7 
32.6 

18,190 
18,647 
20,609 
21,836 
23,062 
24,002 
24,878 
25,017 
.    26,931 
28.489 
29.934 
31.861 
34.612 
37.131 
40.976 
41.424 
43.604 
4i.01O 
45,756 
48,007 

65.2 
65.0 
64.9 
65. 3 
64.9 
65.6 
66.4 
66.6 
66.7 
66.4 
67.0 
66.6 
67.1 
66.6 
67 .  -i 
■<>7A 
07.2 
60.5 
07.3 
67.5 

*Decrea^e.. 


Married,  Single,  Widowed  and  Divorced  Persons. 


291 


MARRIED,   SINGLE,    WIDOWED    AND    DIVORCED    PERSONS. 

(By  the  1910  Census.) 


State  and  Con- 
•juqal  condit'n 

Alabama:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Arizona:  Single. 

1  Married 

,  Widowed 

Divorced 

Arkansas:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

California:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Colorado:  Single 
Married ....... 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Conn.:  Single.  . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Delaware:  Single 

Married 

Widowed .... 
Divorced .... 

Dist.  Col.:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Florida:  Single.. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Georgia:  Single. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Idalio :  Single . . . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Illinois:  Single . . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Indiana:  Single. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Iowa:  .Single. ..  . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Kans:is:  Single. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 


White, 
Males. 


Colored, 

Males. 


Kentucky  :Single 

Married 

Widowed.... 
Divorced .... 


Louisiana:  Single 

Married 

Widowed .... 
Divorced 


133.426 

225,651 

14,353 

817 

35.548 

34,145 

3,050 

645 

125,037 

211,346 

18,230 

1,460 

434,949 

464,246 
44,295 
10,642 

126,096 

164,338 

13,079 

2,678 

168,084 

222,513 

19,305 

1,348 

23.484 

35,821 

2,961 

160 

35,608 

46,404 

4,363 

351 

65,696 

86,319 

6,761 


156,809 

264,281 

17,134 

928) 

67,850 

62,482 

4,283 


794,906 

1,119,615 

82,819 

10,36? 

323,806 

572,915 

47,620 

7,445 

306,084 

443.801 

35,101 

4,748 

221,472 

337,408 

26,960 

S-^IS 

230,563 

387,243 

31.184 

2,969 

118,150 

163,046 

12,784 

706 


88,699 

160,764 

17,110 

2,011 

3,558 

6,563 

673 

116 

45,672 

81,369 

10,862 

1,193 

45,343 

31,292 

2,128 

242 

3,732 
3,461 

378 
104 

2,190 

3,260 

428 

32 

4,543 

5,630 

791 

34 

12,356 

18,028 

1,890 

184 

33,400 

59,100 

6,559 

953 

109,596 

266,465 

20,030 

1,281 

1,901 

1,661 

124 

45 

18,864 

24,178 

3,258 

639 

9,303 

12,445 

1,984 

420 

2,589 

3,331 

473 

143 

8,332 

11,507 

1,625 

325 

35,301 

48,592 

7,023 

1,05) 

77,191 

125,751 

12,716 

971 


White, 
Females 


98,601 

225,688 

36,432 

1.290 

10,440 

29,598 

4,525 

323 

77,353 

210,593 

32,223 

1,608 

215,471 

446,164 

93,391 

10,339 

64,911 

157,693 

24,877 

2,930 

131,771 

214,211 

43,538 

1.556 

17,431 

35,335 

6,547 

170 

33,019 

46,597 

13,484 

565 

32,964 

84,780 

13,669 

722 

121.747 

265,315 

45,270 

1,524 

21,258 

57,907 

5,374 

539 

568,291 

1,090,870 

184,158 

12,481 

236,862 

564,274 

92,349 

7,990 

218,712 

439,522 

66,733 

5,156 

138,500 

332,347 

44,070 

3,573 

176,725 

387,489 

63,400 

4,179 

85,111 

162,421 

32,681 

920 


Colored, 
Females 


70,625 

162,503 

43,705 

4,223 

1,595 

6,003 

1,143 

210 

30,788 

82,007 

19,405 

1,896 

4,075 

13,003 

2,558 

260 

1,020 

2,853 

875 

113 

1,887 

3,091 

1,003 

63 

3,145 

5,580 

1,423 

35 

13,455 

19,091 

7,668 

284 

20,139 

59,327 

11,627 

1,192 

87,474 

210,626 

53,232 

2,726 

217 

997 

225 

28 

8,906 

23,122 

7,187 

691 

5,266 
12,250 
3,861 


1,133 

3,077 
690 
129 

4,852 

11,173 

2,951 

295 

24,864 

48,989 

15,248 

1,477 

57,708 

128,115 

34,120 

2,069 


State  and  Con- 
jugal Condit'n 


Maine:  Single.  . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Maryland:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Mass.:  Single. .. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Michigan:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Minn.:  Single... 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Miss  :  Single.  . . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Missouri:   Single 
Married . . . 
Widowed . , 
Divorced . . 

Montana:  Single 
Married . . , 
Widowed . 
Divorced . . 

Nebrasica:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Nevada:  Single 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

N.  H.:  Single.. 
Married ..'.... 

Widowed 

Divorced 

N.  J.:  Single.  . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

N.  M.:  Single.. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

N.  Y.:  Single.. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

N.  C:  Single.. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

N.  D. :  Single . . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Ohio:  Single... 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 


Wilte, 
Males. 

Colored, 
Males. 

White, 
Females 

94,824 

158,458 

17,451 

2,624 

437 

483 

80 

12 

72,277 

156.137 

32,333 

2,476 

140,684 

205.034 

17,007 

1,231 

30,341 

41,683 

5,093 

267 

125,349 

205,217 

40,737 

1,454 

471,678 

646.970 

56,003 

4,240 

7,370 

8,770 

797 

91 

460,187 

637,155 

141,025 

5,863 

359,243 

596,927 

46.669 

7,333 

3,836 

5,175 

740 

146 

253,999 

582,287 

91,136 

7,370 

359,255 

370,449 

28,988 

2,769 

2,864 

3,252 

367 

66 

222,900 

357,133 

50,462 

2,905 

89,197 

141,712 

9,489 

552 

95,879 

179,297 

18.490 

2,322 

64,646 

141,500 

23,295 

732 

410,835 

633,971 

51,687 

6,276 

24,384 

31,967 

4,831 

744 

293,905 

629,144 

107,898 

7,632 

88,745 

70,839 

5,125 

1,132 

3,015 

3,584 

213 

43 

25,250 

61,430 

6,845 

779 

173,594 

230,800 

16,039 

2,336 

2,481 

2,473 

314 

60 

108,395 

228,103 

28,436 

2,357 

20,979 

16,246 

1,823 

592 

1.529 

1,914 

200 

16 

4,079 

12,747 

1,789 

248 

56,949 

90,905 

9,800 

1,594 

124 

159 

20 

4 

46.820 

89,263 

19,810 

1,505 

333,516 

505,011 

38,022 

1,463 

13,028 

19,155 

1,790 

89 

269,095 

487,679 

89,174 

1,775 

41,227 

59,488 

5,451 

694 

2,457 

4,160 

527 

65 

20,331 

56,924 

7,967 

716 

1,301,476 

1,810,525 

143,038 

7,251 

25,861 

30,435 

2,806 

185 

1,090,868 

1,763,724 

363,725 

9,906 

164,683 

269,112 

16,953 

566 

70,271 

113,176 

9,590 

433 

140,114 

270,354 

42,344 

893 

97,749 

100,745 

5,985 

654 

910 

1,335 

106 

10 

46,353 

97.039 

7,926 

540 

615,996 

998,662 

80,562 

10,036 

18,141 

23,462 

3,176 

558 

471,167 

969,198 

172,655 

11,822 

Colored, 
Females 


266 

398 

111 

14 

24,493 

42,620 

11,106 

337 

4,853 

7,376 

2,494 

105 

2,063 

4,966 

1,288 

134 

1,176 

3,003 

713 

91 

72,076 

182,429 

43,366 

3,934 

14,279 

31,675 

10,574 

926 

711 

2,755 

535 

55 

883 

2,338 

544 

60 

332 
1,362 

335 
'  ,27 

83 

101 

26 

2 

10,337 

19,306 

6,115 

109 

1.130 

4,124 

878 

151 

18,803 

29,834 

9,465 

321 

67,563 

116,174 

25,958 

805 

473 

1,331 

207 

17 

10,617 

22,672 

6,143 

J      664 


2a2 


Aliens  in  Florida. 


MARRIED.  SINGLE,  WIDQAVED  AND  DIVORCED  PERSONii— Continued. 


State  and  Con 
jugai,  condit'n 


Ok!a.:  Single.  . 

Mariieil 

W  idowed 

Divorced 

Oregon:  Single. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Pa.:  Single 

AUinied 

AVidowed 

Divorced 

R.  I. :  Single . . . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

S.  C:  Single... 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

e.  D.:  .Single.  . 
Married ...... 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Tenn.:  Single.. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Texas:  Single. 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Utah:  Single.  . 
Married 


WTiite, 
Males. 


174,311 

284.941 
22,184 
2,889 

132,366 

134,091 

12,388 

3,357 

1,026.149 

1,520,318 

113,322 

6,885 

76,937 

103,627 

9,611 

1.064 

78,786 

121,618 

8,098 

130 

93,965 

101,266 

7.334 

1,122 

189.552 

324.412 

24,744 

1,792 

392,796 

596,630 

43,897 

3,794 

49,833 
66,967 


Colored 

Males. 


23.199 

36.909 

4,478 

562 

8.287 

3,893 

272 

55 

30,178 

40.079 

4,406 

253 

1.575 

2,044 

221 


75,626 

137,557 

10.888 

271 

'2.042 

4,102 

352 

67 

52,930 

85.066 

11.039 

1,282 

73,766 

120,397 

13.965 

2,484 

2.057 
1,641 


White 
Females 


87,186 

279,816 

28,920 

2.149 

54,731 

126,647 

17,110 

2,183 

777.776 

1.433.251 

248.860 

8,217 

69.582 

101.051 

20,826 

1,523 

62,609 

122,227 

21,006 

172 

47.941 

101.691 

10.342 

957 

146,301 

324.167 

53,681 

2.833 

243,419 

591  444 

86,083 

4,657 

29,907 
65,278 


Colored, 
Females 


13,079 

37,634 

7,208 

714 

511 

1,535 

430 

42 

22,616 

40,214 

10,781 

387 

1,148 

1,887 

695 

54 

68,199 

141.384 

33,708 

660 

1.333 

4.258 

795 

69 

40,472 

86,951 

26,251 

2,.344 

53.079 

122.125 

30.629 

4,626 

176 

977 


State  ant}  Con- 
jugal, CONDIT'N 


Widowed 

Divorced  — 

Vermont:  Single 

.Married 

Widov/ed 

Divorced 

Virginia:  Single, 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Wash.:  Single.. 

JIarried 

Widowed 

Divorced 

W.  Va.:  Single.. 

MaiTied 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Wis. :  Single .... 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

Wye:  Single. . . 

Married 

Widowed 

Divorced 

TOTAL  FOB  u.  s. 


Sljigle  — 
Married . . 
Widowed . 
Divorced . 
Unknown . 

Total 


White, 
Males. 


3.525 
706 

44,793 

77,415 

8,253 

1.126 

170.713 

254,887 

19,832 

1,077 

233,673 

224.023 

17.7.54 

4,508 

148,530 

223,526 

13,881 

1,248 

341.620 

442.336 

34.235 

3.802 

37.870 

27.425 

1.9,56 

479 


11,360.282 

16,253,940 

1,274.388 

135,203 

134,312 


Colored 
Males. 


161 
24 

774 

256 
28 
15 

79.505 

109,864 

11,796 

683 

11.961 
7,116 

453 
98 

13.216 

12,518 

1,330 

183 

1,820 

2,368 

335 

73 

2,513 

1.073 

86 

21 


1.189.847 

1.838,660 

197,002 

20,959 

21,212 


29,158,125 


3,267,680 


White, 
Females 


9,777 
895 

32,878 

75,476 

15,185 

982 

138,286 

254.055 

42.897 

1,494 

87.434 

210.145 

25.693 

3.811 

95,259 

214,385 

26,264 

1,6.59 

245.014 

432,985 

67,057 

4.217 

8.024 

23.565 

2.011 

314 


8.091,249 

15,852,011 

2,705,990 

160.801 

57.286 


Colored. 

Females 


?(),857.337 


172 
23 

85 

205 

30 

8 

66.946 

112,433 

30,223 

1,125 

1,235 

4,.508 

867 

82 

4,622 

11,306 

2,012 

204 

1,025 

:^351 

506 

72 

201 

634 

153 

2fi 


Bi  1.931 
I,8.!3,676 

470,238 
;i4,267 
10.886 


3,189,988 


ALIENS    IN    FLORIDA. 

(State  Ceu.3u3  of  1915.) 


Native     Foreign     Native     Kor'u 
White.      White.      Negro.    Negro. 


COUNTY,  j 


Al.ichua 

Bater 

Bay 

Bradford 

Brevard 

Broward .... 

Calhoun 

Citrus 

Clay 

Columbia 

Dade 

DeSoto 

Duval 

Escambia.. . . 
Franklin .... 
Gadsden.  . .  . 

Hamilton 

Hernando.  .  . 
Hillsborough. 
Holmes ..... 

Jackson 

Jefferson .... 

Lafayette 

Lake 

Lee 

Leon 

Levy , 


Native 
White 


15,729 

4,245 

9,140 

11,579 

4,766 

2,876 

5,126 

4,173 

7.612 

2,908 

14,183 

18,166 

44,244 

24.324 

2.652 

7.265 

6.850 

3.052 

SO.  194 

12.566 

18,485 

3.882 

6.430 

7,631 

6,901 

5.018 

6.165 


Foreign     Native     For'n 
White.      Negro.     Negro 


190 

18 

200 

86 

376 

234 

9 

132 

98 

51 

2.058 

657 

3,483 

1,559 

138 

58 

6 

142 

16.660 

U 

16 

28 

7 

302 

294 

75 

37 


19.405 
873 
4,170 
4,531 
2,060. 
1,162 
2,333 
2.950 
8,313 
2,275 
4,477 
3.283 

46.930 

15.172 
2.642 

15.665 
5,625 
3,096 

17,201 
1,518 

16,848 

12,287 
1,422 
4,487 
1,475 

15,035 
5,797 


8 


2 

6 

12 

490 


1 

3,743 

11 

137 

57 


1 
3 
1 

679 
2 


1 
1 
12 
3 
3 


County. 


Liberty 

Madison 

Manatee 

Marion.-;-. 

Mom-oe 

Nas.sau 

Orange 

Osceola 

Palm  Beach.. . . 

Pasco 

Pinellas 

Polk 

Putnam 

Santa  Rosa. . . . 

Seminole 

St.  Johns 

St.  Lucie 

Sumter 

Suwannee 

Taylor 

Volusia 

Wakulla 

Walton 

Wasiilngton 


Totals. 


2,582 

7,906 

10,784 

11,371 

11.399 

5.034 

9,442 

9.011 

6.788 

6.802 

13,137 

25,253 

7,623 

14,534 

4,697 

7,867 

5.861 

4,908 

11,750 

6,052 

12,258 

3,199 

11,714 

8,119 


523,242 


9 

8 

285 

494 

3.299 

242 

610 

294 

711 

385 

1,007 

699 

403 

100 

259 

282 

470 

26 

65 

45 

692 

9 

317 

9 


36,545 


2.327 
9,919 
4.590 

16.734 
3.039 
4,712 
5,324 
1.628 
2,447 
2,443 
4,600 

11.438 
7,835 
9.108 
4,484 
5,279 
1,837 
2.581 
8,470 
4,639 
8,810 
4.398 
4.442 
2.993 


20 

12 

1,870 

14 

21 

4 

615 

4 

44 

31 

1 

3 

6 

4 

■121 

2 

1 

4 

23 


362.115 


8,279 


Total  population  of  Florida,  1915 — 921.618:  white  females  of  voting  age,  139,244;  negro  females  ol 
voting  age.  88,365;  white  males  of  voting  age,  160,107:  negro  males  of  voting  age,  104,404.  Included  In 
the  total  of  population,  and  not  specially  enumerated  otherwise,  are:  Persons  of  other  races,  226;  Indians, 
129;  State  convicts,  1.082.  Other  facts  of  the  1915  Census  are:  Land  surface  in  square  miles,  64,861; 
the  largest  county  Is  Lee.  4,641  square  miles  of  land  surface'  population  per  square  mile  for  State,  16.7; 
population  outride  Incorporated  towns,  513,461;  rural  population  per  square  mile.  9.3;  population,  6  years 
and  under,  294  464,  of  which  89,856  *ere  whit«  males  and  66,815  were  negro  males:  deaf,  dumb  and  blind 
outside  of  institutions,  170,  of  whom  53  wort  negroes;  persons  100  years  and  over.  94,  Including  od«  CliJua- 
reap  jind  76  negroc,-?. 


Census  of  White  Population  of  South  Africa.  .293 

.ALtCNS    IN    KANSAS. 

. (State  Census  of  1915.) 


"COTJSTIBS.' 


&Uen 

Anderson . 
Atcbiaon . . 
Barber. .. 
Barton . . '. 
Bourbon . . 
Brown.. . . 
Butler..., 
Chnee. ... 
Chautauqua. 
Cherokee. . 
Cheyenne . . 

Clark 

Clay 

Clouci 

Co£fey ..... 
Comanche . 

Cowley 

Crawford . . 
Decatur . . . 
Dickinson. . 
Doniphan  . 
Douglas .  . . 
Edwards.... 

Elk 

Ellis 

Ellsworth . . 
Finney .... 

Ford 

Franklin . . . 

Geary 

Gove 

Graham . . . 
Grant ..... 

Gray 

Greeley 

Greenwood 
IHamilton . . 
Harper .... 
Harvey .... 

Haskell 

Hodgeman 

Jackson 

Jefferson .... 

Jewell 

Johnson .... 

IKearny 

Kingman . . . 

Kiowa 

Labette 

Lane 

Leave  nworth 
Lincoln 


Total 
Pop. 


Bern 

m 
<3er 


23,515 
13,264 
27,227 

9,203 
18,028 
25.032 
20,634 
20,788 
-  7,154 
11,236 
36,370 

4,114 

4,290 
14.902 
19,316 
14,986 

4,608 
29,979 
60,289 

7,592 
25,339 
14,544 
25,130 

6,734 
10,035 
13,197 
10,481 

6,016 
13,152 
22,103 

io,ora 

4,010 

7,466 
900 

3,674 

913 

14,600 

2,253 

13,316 

18,663 

995 

3,165 
15.668 
15,769 
17,165 
18,507 

2,316 
12.612 

6,464 
31,014 

2,120 
40,625 
10,433 


-NATIVE. 


Male.  Fern. 


SOS 
264 
689 
105 
661 
158 
373 
334 

84 

25 
278 
103 

26 
392 
200 
194 

39 
144 

Sf 

717 

339 

530 

166 

60 

152 

418 

59 

218 

160 

281 

40 

49 

14 

21 

6 

119 

14 

111 

788 

16 

79 

327 

172 

131 

304 

58 

271 

49 

225 

20 

1,704 

359 


11,330 
6,515 

12.903 
4.670 
7,203 

12,276 
9,986 

10,229 
3,519 
5,737 

16,743 
1,954 
2,214 
6,797 
8.995 
7,378 
2,341 

14,643 

25,659 
3,722 

11,963 
7,246 

11,759 
3,314 
5,098 
5,643 
4,592 
2,855 
6,473 

10,709 
4,401 
1,950 
3,705 
467 
1,888 
470 
7,190 
1,093 
6,681 
8.417 
534 
1,622 
7,585 
7,896 
8,527 
8,894 
1,131 
6,275 
3,246 

15,077 
1,106 

19,967 
4,892 


Male.  Fern. 


11,417 

6,266 

12,685 
4,265 
7,058 

12,182 
9,572 
9,734 
3,323 
5,379 

16,141 
1,721 
1,977 
6,652 
8,977 
7,087 
2,146 

14,628 

24.843 
3,359 

11,279 
6,581 

12,157 
3,066 
4,732 
5,454 
4,356 
2,702 
6,972 

10,742 

4,354 

1,702 

3.353 

413 

1,676 

398 

6,844 

1,007 

6,299 

8,424 

419 

1,348 

7.315 

7,422 

■  8,115 

8,622 

969 

5,852 

3,068 

15,171 
931 

17,115 
4,735 


Foreign. 


431 
262 
915 
166 

1,164 
315 

■    654 

496 

177 

75 

1,960 
251 
55 
819 
682 
281 
72 
410 

5,754 
235 

1,120 
387 
624 
214 
124 

1,135 

i  866 

'  287 

402 

379 

458 

206 

233 

11 

72 

26 

-  263 

125 

178 

980 

21 

110 

440 

262 

305 

568 

133 

282 

98 

425 

50 

2,094 
452 


337 
221 
724 
102 
967 
259 
472 
329 
135 

45 

1,626 

188 

44 
634 
662 
240 

49 
298 
4,033 
186 
977 
298 
590 
140 

81 
965 
667 
172 
305 
273 
396 
152 
175 
9 

38 

19 
203 

28 
158 
842 

21 

85 
328 
189 
218 
423 

83 
203 

52 
341 

33 

1,449 

354 


COTJNTIEa. 


Linn 

Logan 

Lyon ....... 

Marion ..... 

Marshall. .  . . 

McPhersoh. . 

Meade." 

Miami.. .... 

Mitchell 

Montgomery 

Morris 

Morton 

Memaha 

Neosho 

Ness 

Norton 

Osage 

Osborne .... 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Pottaw'mle 

Pratt 

Rawlins .... 

Reno 

Republic. .  .  . 

Rice 

Riley 

Rooks 

Rush 

Russell 

Saline 

Scott 

Sedgwick .  .  . 

Seward 

Shawnee .... 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Smith 

Stafford 

Stanton 

Stevens 

Sumner 

Thomas .... 

Trego 

Wabaunsee. . 

Wallace 

Washington . 

Wichita 

Wilson 

Woodson .  .  . 
Wyandotte. . 


Total 
Pop. 


15.013 

3,013 
26,468 
21,677 
21,757 
21,233 

5,276 
18,676 
13,731 
49,824 
11,810 

1,729 
18,309 
23,050 

5,547 
10,393 
20,072 
12,973 
11,605 

8,651 
13,220 
16,105 
11,642 

6J02 
40/448 
16,915 
14,437 
16,518 
10,596 

8,065 
11,047 
20.665 

2.288 
73,294 

4,498 
64,661 

4,873 

4,043 

15,308 

11,383 

824 

2,370 
28,027 

3,! 

4,623 
11,904 

2,090 
19,001 

1,519 
20,067 

9,331 
110,549 


Born 

in 
Ger. 


74 

27 

461 

590 
786 
254 

64 
286 
384 
404 
230 

11 
724 
174 

70 
102 
261 
248 
127 
132 
307 
449 
113 
155 
412 
146 
261 
445 

98 
111 
281 
268 

23 
1,301 

29 
600 

86 

60 

321 

225 

6 

12 
187 

89 

87 
655 

23 
876 

43 

120 

212 

2,032 


Native. 


Male.  Fem. 


7.691 
1,524 

12,074 
8,981 
9,937 
8,905 
2,656 
9,163 
6,653 

24,718 

6,645 

942 

8,568 

10,669 
2,667 
5.178 
9,324 
6,320 
5,617 
4,335 
6,365 
7,635 
6,903 
2,585 

19,013 
7,716 
6,981 
7,444 
5,180 
3,482 
4,844 
9,380 
1,125 

34,365 
2,267 

29,146 
2,450 
1,997 
7,560 
5,585 
460 
1,267 

14.003 
1.938 
2,112 
5,642 
1,066 
8,823 
693 
9,846 
4,518 

48,747 


Male.  Fem, 


7,179 
1.309 
12.714 
8,820 
9,813 
8.954 
2.414 
8,913 
6,377 
23,663 
5,433 

760 
8,411 
10,441 
2.459 
4,890 
8,774 
6,119 
5,318 
3,946 
6,064 
7,253 
5,450 
2,404 
18.567 
7,378 
6,860 
7,500 
5,016 
3,237 
4,655 
9,323 
1,081 
35,513 
2,124 
30,647 
2,228 
1,853 
7,116 
5,406 

348 
1,066 
13,290 
1,851 
1,829 
5.355 

878 
8,401 

681 

9,284 

4,433 

47,966 


FOREIQN. 


147 

■  99 

■  968 
2,095 
l.C 
1,795 

119 
351 


9S 

81 

712 

1,681 

919 

1,579 

.     87 

249 

313 


832 

611 

415 

317 

17 

10 

718 

612 

376 

327 

248 

173 

191 

134 

1124 

850 

310 

224 

379 

291 

206 

164 

422 
7.S9 

6% 

166 

124 

392 

321 

1,065 

797 

1,013 

808 

339 

257 

878 

698 

2,30 

170 

713 

633 

831 

717 

1,099 

863 

48 

34 

1,886 

1,530 

7« 

29 

2,715 

2,263 

119 

78 

113 

80 

361 

271 

222 

170 

9 

7 

28 

19 

418 

316 

132 

76 

379 

303 

514 

393 

94 

62 

983 

794 

88 

67 

422 

246 

211 

169 

8,618 

5,218 

Total  State  population,  1,672,545:  born  in  Germany,  28,807;  total  male  natives,  788,985;  total  female 
natives,  763,659;  total  foreign  males,  65,694;  total  foreign  females,  49,572.  Of  the  total  population  908,924 
were  born  in  Kansas,  100,735  in  Illinois,  135,830  in  Missouri,  69,140  in  Ohio,  31,978  in  Pennsylvania,  58,194 
m  Indiana,  55,768  in  Iowa,  and  23,957  in  Kentucky. 

Males  of  militia  age,  453,143. 

ALIENS  IN  CHIEF  KANSAS  CITIES,  1915. 


Name  of  City. 

Total 

No.  of  aU 

Races. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Born 

in 
G'm'y. 

N.^ME  OF  City. 

Total 

No.  of  all 

Races. 

Native. 

Foreign. 

Born 

in 
G'm'y. 

Kans.is  City. .. 

Wichita 

Topeka 

Leavenworth. . . 
Hutchinson.. . . 

Plttsbiug 

Atchi.^on 

91,658 
53,582 
46,147 
22,090 
19,200 
17,685 
15,263 

79,212 
51,202 
42,548 
20,012 
17,434 
16,588 
14.331 

12,446 
2,380 
4,199 
2,078 

760 
1,097 

932 

1,625 
708 
636 

1,012 
121 
194 
378 

Cofley  ville 

Lawrence 

Independence. . 

Parsons 

Fort  Scott 

Emporia 

Salina 

15,228 
12,884 
12,144 
12,118 
11,422 
10,664 
10,488 

14,884 
12,255 
11,832 
11,753 
11,118 
10,079 
9,787 

344 
629 
312 
365 
304 
585 
701 

iia 

211 
9! 
91 
75 

11 

124 

CENSUS    OF    WHITS    POPULATION    OF    SOUTH    AFRICA. 


PROVINCE. 

Total, 
1911. 

Total, 
1918. 

Male, 
1918. 

Female 
1918. 

PROVINCE. 

Total, 
1911. 

Total, 
1918. 

Male, 
1918. 

Female 
1918. 

Cape 

No. 
580,771 

97,846 
419,874 
174,832 

No. 
615,874 
120,465 
497,236 
181,292 

No. 
309,199 

61,959 
259,961 

93,798 

No. 
306,675 

58,506 
237,265 

87.496 

Travelers 

Total 

No. 
2,928 

No. 
3,203 

No. 
2,447 

No.    . 
756 

Natal 

Tranrf^aal 

Orange  Fr.  State 

1,276,242 

1,418,060 

727,362 

690,698 

Population  of  chief  towns,  1918— Cape  Town,  90,348;  Bloemfontein,  14,670;  Durban,  40,871:  East 
LamJoQ,  14J92;  Johannesburg,  135,639;  Kimberley,  11,957;  Pietermaritzburg,  18,527;  Pretoria,  34,085 


294 


Population  of  Boston,  by  Race  and  Sex. 


ALIENS    IN    MASSACHUSETTS. 

(State  Census  of  1915.) 
FOREIGN-BORN  MALES  21   YEARS  OR  OVER. 


Cou)K  OR  Race  and 
CounibV  of  Birth. 


Total. . 
White.. 
Colored 
All  other  (Chinese,  Jap- 
anese, Indian,  &c.)... 

Total  white 

A\isti'ia,  exc.  Aus.  Pol. . 
British  possessions 

Canada,  n.  o.  c 

New  Brunswick 

Newfoimdlaud 

Nova  Scotia 

Prince  Edward  Isl. . . 

All  other 

France 

Germany,  exc.  Ger.  Pol 
Gt.  Britain  and  Ireland 

England 

Ireland 

Scotland 

Wales 


Total. 


507.038 

499.834 

5,448 

1,756 

499,834 

5,656 

111,648 

59,271 

11,111 

5,235 

29,393 

6,015 

023 

2,689 

14,094 

141,050 

41,664 

85,247 

13,465 

674 


Legal 

Voters. 


196,134 

195,511 

023 


195,511 

1,927 

48,435 

23,623 

5,510 

2,368 

13,732 

2,904 

298 

1,058 

10,049 

89.000 

24,502 

56,872 

7,162 

464 


Aliens. 


299,372 

292,922 

4,711 

1,739 
292,922 

3,573 
60,649 
34,234 

5,296 

2,749 
15,102 

2.972 
296 

1.548 

3,618 
46,716 
15,915 
24,672 

5,944 
185 


COLOR  OR  Race  and 
Country  of  Birth. 


Greece 

Italy 

Norway., 

Poland 

Austrian 

Gt'iman 

Ru.^sian 

Poland,  n.  o.  0 

Portugal,  Inc.  Jsl.  pos.. 
Russia,  exc.  Eusa.  Pol. 

Finland 

Luthuauia 

RiLssia,  n.  o.  c 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turl;ey 

Armenia 

Syria 

Turliey,  n.  o.  c 

West  Indies 

All  other 


Total. 


11,077 

69,736 

2,704 

39,699 

14,291 

632 

23,901 

875 

19.582 

54,006 

6,266 

6,651 

41,089 

18,712 

644 

12,782 

3,861 

3,606 

6,416 

241 

5,614 


Legal 
Voters. 


620 

7,436 

1,369 

3,451 

934 

220 

2,207 

00 

2,144 

14,889 

1.Q55 

617 

13,317 

10,861 

353 

1,676 

498 

386 

693 

106 

2,238 


AlieDS. 


10,361 

51,6fl» 
1,249 

35,79g 

13,237 
300 

21,600 
761 

17,316 

38,32i 
.5,087 
6,122 

27,112 

7,436 

271 

11,082 
3,323 
3,0M 
4,666 
119 
3,20e 


N.  O.  C. — Not  otherwise  classified.     In  1915  the  total  population  of  Massachusetts  was  made  up  ol  31.2 
^    .-._.._, ^„  ,.___      There  had  been  little  change' since  1895.    —  


a\.  \j.  kj. — iNwi,  utiici  H  ii 
Der  cent,  of  toreign-born. 


, 

FOREIGN  BORN.   AI>L  AGI;S. 

PLACE  OV  JJIRTH. 

1905. 

1915. 

Plvck  Ot'  BiRTIi. 

1905. 

1"J15. 

911,179 

19,840 

8,624 

956 

10,260 

1.019 

284,430 

320 

168.225 

24,715 

10,583 

66,131 

13,648 

808 

1.718 

160 

2,927 

4,513 

346.46G 

83.893 

236.373 

24,663 

1,537 

30,358 

30,358 

1,152,045 

45,315 

7,686 

33.311 

1,069 

3,249 

2,584 

280,366 

380 

137,802 

.30.0  IC 

13,269 

79. 115 

16,859 

2,931 

1,804 

177 

3,402 

6,287 

339,704 

95,929 

210,166 

32,088 

1,521 

29,868 

28  695 

1,172 

Greece    ...                  

4,672 

•>0,658 

98 

1.289 

4,485 
21,490 
27,937 
444 
59,028 
49.304 

9,724 

18,163 

Italy 

122,129 

Austria,  n.  o.  c 

Austrian  Poland 

Bohemia 

Japan .        

16S 

2.062 

Norway 

r>;833 

M'tino'flrv                         -     . 

Poland 

Belgluin 

Portugal  (inc.  Isl.  posses-itons) . 
Roumania 

52,133 

91S 

Australia 

Russia 

170,446 

Canada,  u.  o.  c 

?Cew  Brunswiok    .  .  .. 

Rus-^la,  n.  0.  c 

Finland 

96,357 
14,342 

Lithuania 

12,761 

Russian  Poland 

46,995 

i-*rtur»A  Kdward  Tplinrt 

Serbia 

5 

385 

221 

37,617 

1.233 

8,263 

2,865 

3,381 

123 

AU  others 

So.  and  Cent.  Am.  and  Mox, .  . 
Spain 

860 

China.    .          . .              ... 

667 

Cuba 

Sweden -. ,  ,  . .  , 

41,136 

Switzerland 

1.371 

Turkey 

21,98S 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Armenia 

Syria 

0,374 
7,771 

Other  Asiatic  Tm-key 

3;431 

European  Turkey 

2,18i 

Wales 

Turkey,  n.  o.  c. 

West  Indies,  a.  o.  c 

All  others  , .            

2,027 

i.351 

772 

i!,22« 

Germany 

1,615 

Germany,  n.  o.  c 

German  Poland 

2.946 

POPULATION    OF    BOSTON    BY    t^ACS    AND    SEX. 

(From  the  1915  Massachusetts  State  Census.) 


Where  Born.      Males.  Females      Where  Born.      Male.?.  Females      Wn(-,;'!i  Bobn. 


rota!  population 
Native  born .... 
New  England . . . 

Connecticut .  . 

Maine 

Massachusetts 

N.  Harapsliire 

Rhode  Island . 

Vermont 

New  York 

All  bther  States . 
Ani.  cit.  bn.  abr^ 
AU  other,  n.  o.  C; 
Foreign  bom. . . . 
Austria 

Austria  Pol..  . 
'  Bohemia 

Hungary 

Austria,  n.o.c. 

BelgiUEO. 

British  Possess. 

Australia 


Males. 

Females 

369,434 

376,005 

235,186 

242,099 

214,886 

222,433 

2,110 

2,152 

8,720 

9,962 

195,909 

201,609 

3,916 

4,339 

2,165 

2,073 

2,066 

2,298 

7,008 

7,191 

12,385 

11,595 

566 

756 

341 

122 

134,248 

133,906 

2,268 

2,065 

630 

596 

73 

68 

411 

427 

1,154 

974 

421 

324 

20,474 

29, 12^ 

58 

52  1 

Canada,  n.o.c. 

N.  Brunswick. 

Newfoundland 

Nova  Scotia. . 

Pr.  Ed.  Isl.... 

All  other 

China 

Cuba 

Denmark 

France 

Germany '. 

German  Pol .  . 

Gor.,  n.  o.  c.  . 
Gt.  Brit,  and  Ir. 

England 

Ireland 

Scotland 

Wales 

Greece 

Italy 

Japan.. ; 

Netherlands.  .  .  . 


Male.?. 

Females 

4,216 

6,459 

3,009 

4,642 

2,075 

2,801 

8,440 

12,649 

1,975 

3,082 

702 

537 

737 

35 

42 

22 

606 

372 

507 

584 

4,475 

4,051 

64 

60 

4,411 

3,991 

37,907 

46,887 

7,161 

6,842 

27,635 

36,820 

3,052 

3,082 

149 

143 

2,397 

620 

25,606 

17,326 

63 

4 

390 

283 

Norwii.i' 

Portugal 

Roumania 

Russia 

Finlj.nd 

Lithuania. .  . . 

Ruwiian  Pol .  . 

Ru^jia,  n.  0.  c. 

Serbia 

-So.     .nnd     Cent. 

Am.  aud  Mex. 

Spain 

Sweileii 

Swltzci'land 

Turkey 

Armenia 

Em'op.  Tut.  . . 

Syria 

Oth.  Aaia.Tur. 

Tmkey,  n.o.c. 
W.Indies,  n.  o.  c. 
All  other 


Males.  F(  males 


1,155 

944 

232 

28,524 

•313 

1,567 

4,732 

21,912 

12 


l.w 

103 

166 

76 

3,569 

3,881 

188 

192 

2,655 

1,518 

574 

324 

235 

47 

1,099 

861 

3S3 

137 

364 

149 

429 

23a 

236 

17& 

,  Iif.  O,.  C.I — Means  not  otherwl.^c  dassiflod.     In  .addition  lo  Poles  named  above  there  were  178  n.  o.  c- 


Aliens  and  Males  of  Military  Age  in  Wyoming. 


295 


ALIENS    AND    PERSONS    OF    VOTING    ACE    IN    NEW    JERSEY. 

(State  Census  of  1915.       Total  foreign  born,  737,634.) 


Counties. 

Amer. 
Bom. 

Eng- 
lish. 

Irish. 

Ger- 
man. 

Ital- 
ian. 

Natur- 
alized. 

Males 
18  to  21 

Males 
21  to  45 

Males 
Ovr.  45 

Fern. 
18  to  21 

Fern. 

21  to  45 

Fern. 
Ovr.  46 

Atlantic 

Bergen 

68.599 

126,917 
64,993 

136,081 
21,260 
52,146 

408,550 
37,997 

392,088 
31,644 

105,789 
93,735 
91,272 
63,875 
20,576 

147,875 
27,636 
33.433 
22.249 

121.684 
38,279 

1,907 
3,964 

853 
3,563 

332 

719 
12,107 

660 
10.514 

276 
4.307 
1,375 
1,593 
1.965 

328 
6,111 

145 

810 

290 
3.205 

333 

1,335 

3,768 

1,240 

2.733 

231 

284 

•16.718 

604 

24,131 

311 

2,796 

2.528 

2,684 

3.032 

371 

5,635 

223 

933 

151 

5.413 

423 

2,054 
9,958 
1,146 
4,617 

272 

712 

25,542 

1,255 

37,635 

486 
4,319 
4,889 
1,897 
1,994 

447 
9.200 

261 
1,338 

256 
6,896 

536 

4.819 

12.136 

1,672 

5,114 

624 

2,771 

34,781 

1,648 

35,468 

667 

5,889 

3,784 

3,523 

3,998 

201 

15,690 

624 

3,124 

470 

6.468 

1,377 

3,585 
10,987 
6.112 
5,051 

675 

1,381 

32,286 

1.199 

44.925 

842 
6.749 
7.935 
3,495 
3,634 

639 
17,574 

529 
1,762 
1.247 
8.739 

864 

2,391 
4,608 
2,118 
4,564 
685 
1,748 

14,963 
1.321 

17.200 

931 

3.961 

4,643 

3,203 

2,600 

569 

6,882 

1,152 

1,336 

676 

4,339 

1.229 

17,043 
33.793 
14.320 
32.332 

4.639 

10.356 

114.772 

8.395 
119.786 

6.075 
29,961 
31,389 
20,533 
16,100 

6.696 
8.883 
6,602 
34.787 
8,637 

8.906 

17,080 

9,614 

16,719 

3.253 

7.490 

48,728 

5,463 

48,216 

5,048 

13,639 

11,798 

13,127 

9.577 

3,257 

19,163 

3.793 

4.936 

3.446 

14,605 

54,81 

2,726 
5.180 
2,150 
4,909 

618 

1.682 

18.692 

1.073 

18,707 

918 
4,252 
4.866 
3.020 
2.266 

613 
9.151 

779 
1,249 

680 
6,117 
1,256 

17.567 
35.162 
12,985 
31,496 

4,338 

10.230 

121,124 

7,261 
111.925 

5.788 
26.370 
25.011 
20,833 
15,760 

4.207 
47,848 

4.707 

8.070 

3,916 
34.115 

7.814 

8.932 
17,237 

Burlington 

Camden 

Cape  May 

Cumberland .... 
Essex , .  , . 

9,30S 

16,70< 

3.158 

7.604 

62,328 

Gloucester 

Hudson 

Himterdon 

Mercer 

5.368 
46,760 

4,912 
14,259 

Middlesex 

Monmoutli 

Morris 

Ocean 

10,367 
13,754 
9,787 
3,138 

Passaic 

18.964 

Salem 

3,545 

Somerset 

Sussex ........ 

5,103 
3.126 

Union 

R'arren 

16.201 
6.588 

Total 

2106.678 

55.357 

75,444 

115,711 

144,848 

160,210 

81.119 

576,714 

273,129 

89,903 

556,527 

275.119 

AUENS    AND    MALES    OF   VOTING   AND    MILITARY    AGE    IN    SOUTH    DAKOTA. 

(From  the  1915  State  Census.) 


County. 

Voters, 
Native. 

Voters. 
Foreign . 

Mil.  Age, 
18  to  45. 

COUNTT. 

Voters, 
Native. 

Voters. 
Foreign . 

Mil.  Age. 
18  to  45. 

Aurora 

1,280 
3,933 

133 
2,014 
3,206 
5.870 
1.504 

171 
1,392 

427 
2,892 
2,256 
2,069 
3.488 

819 

956 
3.504 
2,424 
1,586 

556 
1,070 

842 
1.797 
1.145 
1,920 
2.234 

839 
1.484 
1.684 
1.480 
1.091 
1.229 
1.965 

664 

956 

24 

1.151 

1.310 

2.213 

466 

48 

517 

691 

1,038 
833 
907 

1.085 
285 
169 
863 

1,545 
844 
136 
621 
808 
440 
378 

1,037 
889 
236 
785 
408 
373 
571 
235 

1,277 

1.491 
3,889 

115 
2,455 
3,375 
6.549 
1.475 

172 
1.413 

746 
2.840 
2,279 
2,332 
3,363 

931 

676 
3,288 
3,008 
1,890 

610 
1,314 

472 
1,797 
1,763 
2,272 
2,368 

808 
1,771 
1,663 
1.433 
1,323 

920 
2,581 

Hyde 

601 

475 
1,161 
2.534 
2.482 
3.704 
2.616 
1,607 
2,109 

734 
1,617 
2.333 

471 
1.709 
8.920 
2.012 
2.651 
1.902 

731 
2.484 
1,734 
3.647 

585 

481 
2.363 

117 
2.527 
2.369 

606 
3.008 

434 

186 
110 
339 

1,049 
784 

2.371 

1.573 
468 
769 
831 
801 
681 
160 
585 

3.528 
782 
621 
579 
275 

1,516 
445 
957 
125 
HO 
623 
31 

1,638 

1,054 
971 

1,654 
125 

583 

Beadle 

430 

Bennett 

Jerauld ••,.. 

1,189 

Bon  Homme 

Kincsburv 

2,733 

Brookings 

Luke ••••■•.. 

2,734 

Brown 

Lawrence • 

4.389 

Brule 

3,312 

Buffalo 

Lyman  .............. 

1,631 

Butte 

McCooft ..•.,. 

2,243 

Campbell 

McPherson,  ..••••••.. 

1,303 

Charles  Mix 

Marshall 

1,946 

Clark 

Meade     ..,,,. 

2.171 

Clay 

Mellette 

511 

Codington 

Miner 

1.703 

Corson 

Minnehoha 

9,612 

Custer 

2,164 

Davidson 

Pennington 

2,486 

Day 

Perkins 

1,932 

Deuel 

Potter 

676 

Dewey 

Roberts 

2,961 

Douglas 

Sanborn 

1,596 

Edmunds 

Spink 

3,784 

Fall  River 

Stanley ' 

495 

Faulk 

Sully 

445 

Grant 

Tripp 

2,294 

Gregory 

Todd 

121 

Haakon 

Turner 

3,325 

Hamlin 

Union 

2.518 

Hand 

Walworth 

1.285 

Hanson 

Yankton 

3,437 

Harding 

Ziebach 

433 

Totals 

Hutchinson 

119,975 

49,444 

129,724 

ALIENS    AND    MALES    OF    MILITARY    ACE    IN    WYOMING. 

(State  Census  of  1915.) 


Cot/NTV. 


Total 

Pop. 

Single 

Single 

For- 

COINVV. 

Popu- 

Bet. 20 

Males 

P'mal's 

eign 

lation. 

and  40. 

Over  21 

Over  21 

Born. 

Albany    ... 

8.194 

3.400 

1,506 

339 

1,717 

Big  Horn... 

6.815 

2.113 

465 

148 

427 

Campbell .  . 

2,316 

987 

440 

93 

171 

Carbon 

8,412 

3.643 

2.372 

371 

2,172 

Converse. . . 

3,626 

1,352 

637 

156 

327 

Crook 

6,117 

1.645 

530 

198 

402 

iFremont... 

9,633 

3,555 

1.921 

354 

1,096 

Goshen .  . . , 

5,035 

1,814 

493 

145 

413 

Hot  Springs 

3,191 

1,448 

756 

126 

571 

Johnson.. . . 

3,238 

1,258 

583 

148 

285 

Laramie . . . 

14,631 

4,979 

1.590 

842 

1,787 

Lincoln .... 

13,581 

4.777 

1.742 

332 

3.066 

Natrona.  . . 
Niobrara. . . 

Park 

Platte 

Sheridan. .  . 
Sweetwater. 

Uinta 

Washakie. . 
Weston .... 

Totals... 


Total 

Pop. 

Single 

Single 

Popu- 

Bet. 20 

Males 

F'mal's 

lation. 

and  40. 

Over  21 

Over  21 

5.398 

2,654 

1.232 

234 

3,488 

1,307 

445 

171 

5,473 

2,103 

892 

213 

5.277 

1.841 

496 

189 

16.429 

6.508 

1,850 

537 

10.642 

4.701 

1.987 

311 

6,051 

2,037 

559 

219 

1,744 

631 

269 

57 

4,414 

1,600 

586 

167 

141.705 

53,425 

21.351 

5.340 

For- 
eign 
Born. 

731 
25fl 
486 
531 
2,223 
4,931 
893 
144 
943 

23.576 


296        A^  Y.  State— Foreign  White  Stock,  by  Naiiohalitp,  1910. 

ALIENS    IN    NEW    YORK    CITIES. 

(State  Census  of  J  9)  5.) 


Year. 

OF 
INCOBP. 


1686.. 
18S5.. 
J.S-J8.. 
1014.. 
1013. . 
1867., 
1832.. 
1913.. 
1809.. 
1890. . 
1900.. 
1880. . 
1864.. 
1902. . 
1898.. 
1908.. 
1890.. 
1888.. 
1785.. 
1888.. 

issr... 

189.-... 
1872.. 
1909.. 
1895.. 
1865.. 
1915.. 
X8S8.. 
1872.. 
1865.. 
1899.. 
1653.. 


1892., 
1897.. 
1915.. 
1808.. 
1893.. 
1901 . . 
1!)0!>.. 

184;;.. 

1902.. 

1907.. 

18.54. . 

1897.. 

1834.. 

1870.. 

I  111 5.. 

1913.. 

17S8.. 

1847    . 

1903.. 

181G, 

1833.. 

1869.. 

1896.. 

1916.. 

1872.. 


City. 


Albany 

Amsterdam . . . 

Auburn 

Batavia 

Beacon 

Blnglumton .  . 

Bunalo 

Canandaigua. . 

Cohoes 

Coming 

Cortland 

Dunkirk , 

ElmU-a 

Fulton 

Geneva 

Glcus  FiiUs .  .  . . 
GloversvlUe. . . . 

Hornell 

Hndaon 

Ithaca 

Jamestown ... 

Johnstown 

KingBtou 

LacKawanna .  .  . 
Little  Falls.  .  .  . 

Lockport 

MechaiiicsvlIIe. 
Middletown. . . . 
Mount  Vernon. 

Newburgli 

New  ItocUelle.  . 
New  York 


Niagara  Falls 

Nortli  Tonawanda. 

Norwich 

Ofidensbui-g 

Olean 

Oneitia 

Oneonta 

Oswt^o 

Plaltsbiirg .  .^  .    .    . 

Pore.  Jei'via 

t'ouKrikoep.sle 

Renssel.ier 

Rochester 

Rome. .  .7 

Saratoga  Sprliipii .  . 

Salam.inca 

Schenectady 

Syracuse 

Tonawanda 

Troy 

Utlca 

Watertown 

Watervliet 

White  Plains 

Yonkers 


County. 


Albany 

Montgomery 

Cayuga 

Genesee 

Dutchess 

Bfoome 

Erie 

Ontario 

Albany 

Steuben 

Cortland 

Chautauqua 

Chemung 

Oswego 

Ontario 

Warren 

Fulton 

Steuben 

Columbia 

Tompkins 

Chautauqua 

Fulton 

Ulster 

Erie 

Herkimer 

Niagara 

.Saratoga 

Orange 

Westchester 

Orange 

Westchester 

Bronx,    New    Yori;, 
Queens,  Kicliiuonu. 

Niagara 

Niagara 

Chenango 

St.  Lawrence 

Cattaraugus 

Madison 

Otsego 

Oswego 

Clinton 

Orange 

Dutchess 

Rensselaer 

Mom'oe 

Oneida 

Saratoga 

Cattaraugus 

Schenectady 

Onondaga 

Erie 

Rensselaer 

Oneida 

Jefferson 

Albany 

Westchester 

Westchester 


Citizens 
1915. 


Kings, 


99,820 
26.872 
29,180 
11,759 

9,116 

48,428 

403.778 

7,142 
20,624 
12,699 
11,404 
15,704 
38,605 

9,759 
12.249 
15,487 
19,191 
13.882 
10,027 
15.755 
32,584 

9,680 
25,244 

9,962 

10,056 

:  17.477 

7,341 
15,8.52 
33,049 
25,970 
27,374 

3,842,519 
31,292 
11,111 

7,916 
13,308 
16,532 

8,907 

9,967 
22,909 

9,888 

8,829 
30,342 
10,855 
216,507 
18,551 
13,225 

7,808 

69,367 

131,219 

8,494 
71,730 
67,127 
24,031 
14,190 
16,588 
76,337 


Aliens 
1915. 


Total 
1915. 


8,169 

7.447 

3,288 

1,519 

1,049 

5.240 

50,852 

359 

2,80! 

760 

963 

2,166 

1.488 

1,379 

983 

836 

1,987 

470 

1,517 

995 

5,196 

1,007 

1,110 

5,775 

2.966 

1,216 

867 

529 

4,534 

1.900 

4,384 

1.204,702 

10,965 

2,387 

426 

1,030 

1,393 

554 

507 

2,517 

246 

684 

2,273 

355 

32,958 

3.375 

567 

562 

11,014 

14,074 

653 

3,758 

13,462 

2,864 

800 

2,699 

14,611 


Total 

1910  xr.s. 

Census.) 


107,979 

34,319 

32,468 

.  13,278 

10,165 

53,668 

454,630 

7,501 

23,433 

13,459 

12,367 

17,870 

40,093 

11.138 

13,232 

16,323 

21.178 

14,352 

11,544 

16.750 

37,780 

10,687 

26,354 

15,737 

13,022 

18  693 

8,208 

16,381 

37,583 

27,876 

31,7.58 

5,047,221 
42,2.57 
13,498 

8.342 
14,338 
17,925 

9,461 
10,474 
35,426 
10,134 

9,413 
.32,714 
11,210 
248,465 
21,926 
13,792 

8,370 

80.381 

145,293 

9,147 
75,488 
80,589 
26,895 
14,990 
19,287 
90,948 


100,253 
31.267 
34,668 
11,613 
11,040 
48,443 
423,716 

7,217 
24,709 
13,730 
11.504 
17.221 
37,176 
10,480 
12,446 
15,243 
20,642 
13,617 
11,417 
14,802 
31,297 
10,447 
25,908 
14,549 
12,273 
17,970 

6,634 
15,313 
30,919 
27,805 
28,867 

1,706,883 
30,445 
11,955 

7,422 
16,933 
14.743 

8,317 

9,491 
23,361 
11,138 

9.564 
27,936 
30,711 
218,149 
20,497 
12,693 

8,076 

72,826 

137,249 

8,290 
76,813 
74,419 
26.730 
15,674 
15,949 
79,803 


N.  Y.  STATE-FOREICM    WHITE    STOCK,  BY    NATIONALITY,  1910. 


Country  i?« 

Native. 1  Native 

Foreign 

COU-NTHY  IS 

Native. 

Native 

Foreign 

WHICH  Born 

Total. 

Foreign 

Parents 

Parent 

Born 

WhiciiBobn 

Total. 

Foreign 

Parents 

Parent 

Born 

-jR  Parents 

Born. 

Foreign 

For. 

White 

OK  Parents 

Born. 

ForeiRn 

For. 

White 

vVBHE  BORN. 

Born. 

Bom. 

1900. 

Were  BORN. 

Born. 

Born. 

1900. 

All  countries 

5,736,520 

2.729,272 

2,241,837 

763,411 

1,889,.523 

Hungary . .  . 

141,327 

9n,841 

40,765 

3,721 

37,168 

Austria 

382,158 

244,995 

125,246 

11,917 

104,532 

Ireland 

1,091,140 

367.877 

515,886 

207,377 

425,511 

Cahada-Fi* 

69,695 

24,563 

21,505 

23,62? 

27,150 

Italy 

739,059 

472.192 

251,311 

15,556 

182.243 

Canada-Oth 

198,806 

98,079 

25,735 

74,992 

89,618 

Norw.ay .... 

37,404 

25.012 

10,171 

2,221 

12,601 

Cuba,   other 

Routr.auia.  . 

47  103 

34.441 

12,159 

603 

10^549 

W.  Indies 

9,780 

6,.535 

1,133 

2,112 

4,087 

Russia 

848,324 

558.952 

274,193 

15,179 

202.953 

Denmark.. . 

20,709 

12,536 

5,006 

3,167 

8,728 

Scotland..  .  . 

90,678 

39.429 

23,702 

27,547 

33,85(1 

England 

311,429 

146,468 

79,671 

115,290 

135,530 

Sweden 

90,235 

53.703 

29.284 

7,248 

42,704 

Finland 

11,505 

8,759 

2,500 

246 

4.048 

Switzerland . 

29,553 

16,312 

6,766 

6,475 

13,676 

France 

45,945 

23,436 

11,272 

11,237 

19,987 

Turk.  Asia. . 

11,839 

9,478 

2,164 

197 

)    1.9M 

Germany. . . 

1,234,580 

436,874 

578,183 

219,523 

499,790 

Tm-.  In  Eur. 

6,554 

4,998 

478 

78 

iGreece 

11,277 

10,097 

843 

337 

1,573 

Wales 

19,726 

7.462 

6,296 

6,%8 

7."30« 

Holland 

27,901 

12,650 

9,880 

5,371 

.9,413 

All  other .  .  . 

230,793 

17,583 

207,688 

5,522 

14,694 

Except  Porto  Rico.     Includes  native  whites  whose  parents  were  bom  In  different  foreign  eoi.'.'^trJea; 
lor  example,  one  parent  in  Ireland  and  the  other  in  Scotland. 


Population  and  Area  of  New  York  State  Counties. 


297 


POPULATION 

AND    AREA    OF 

NEW    YORK    STATE    COUNTIES. 

.  . 

Wlien 

Area 

Citizens 

Aliens 

Total 

Total 

Sen. 

Con. 

Sup.C. 

^^&?' 

County. 

F'rm'd 

Sq.  M. 

1915. 

1915. 

1915. 

1910. 

Dist. 

Dist. 

Dist. 

Albany 

1683 

514 

169,090 

14,240 

183,330 

173.666 

30 

28 

3 

3 

AUegany .... 

1806 

1.033 

39,454 

762 

40,216 

41,412 

44 

43 

8 

4 

Bronx 

1914 

41 

493,134 

122,466 

615,600 

430,980 

21—23 

21—24 

1 

1 

Broome 

1806 

706 

83,216 

7,425 

90,641 

78,809 

40 

34 

6 

S 

Cattaraugus  . 

1808 

1,334 

67.337 

6,419 

72,756 

65,919 

51 

43 

8 

A 

CajTiga 

1799 

756 

61,686 

4,065 

65,751 

67.106 

42 

36 

7 

4 

Chautauqua  . 

1808 

1,099 

106,861 

9,957 

116,818 

105,126 

51 

.43 

8 

4 

Chemung 

1836 

406 

56,914 

2,103 

59,017 

54,662 

41 

37 

6 

3 

Chenango.  .. 

1798 

898 

35,733 

915 

36,648 

35,575 

40 

34 

6 

3 

Clinton 

1788 

1,092 

45.243 

2,318 

47,561 

48,230 

33 

31 

4 

3 

Columbia 

1786 

688 

40,693 

3,418 

44,111 

43.658 

28 

27 

3 

3 

Cortland .... 

1808 

485 

28.851 

1,223 

30,074 

29,249 

40 

35 

6 

3 

Delaware. . ; . 

1797 

1,580 

44,422 

1,573 

45.995 

45,575 

29 

34 

6 

3 

Dutchess. . . . 

1()83 

810 

84.022 

7,022 

91,044 

87,661 

29 

26 

9 

2 

Erie 

1821 

1,071 

506,983 

64,914 

571,897 

528,985 

48,  49,  50 

40,41,42 

8 

4 

Essex 

1799 

1,926 

30,917 

1,544 

32,461 

33,458 

33 

31 

4 

3 

Franklin 

1808 

1,718 

42,718 

3,463 

46,181 

45,717 

34 

31 

4 

3 

Fulton 

1838 

544 

42,166 

3,459 

45,625 

44,534 

35 

30 

4 

3 

Genesee 

1802 

507 

36,826 

3,881 

40,707 

37,615 

44 

39 

8 

4 

Greene 

J  800 

68G 

28,960 

1,131 

30,091 

30,214 

29 

27 

3 

3 

Hamilton.. . . 

1816 

1,745 

4,295 

196 

4,491 

4,373 

35 

30 

4 

3 

Herkimer 

1791 

1,745 

56,332 

7,777 

64,109 

56,356 

36 

33 

5 

4 

JcHerson.  . . . 

1805 

1,868 

74,813 

6,196 

81,009 

80,382 

37 

32 

5 

4 

Kings 

1683 

72 

1,441,221 

357,292 

1,798,513 

1,634,351 

4—11 

3—10 

2 

2 

Lewis 

1805 

1,288 

24,751 

1,196 

25,947 

24,849 

35 

32 

5 

4 

Livingston. , . 

1821 

655 

35,717 

2,710 

38,427 

38,037 

44 

39 

7 

4 

Madison. . . . 

1806 

670 

39,954 

1,788 

41,742 

39,289 

39 

32 

6 

3 

Monroe 

1821 

082 

280,875 

38,435 

319,310 

283,212 

^5;,n^^ 

38,   39 

7 

4 

Montgomery. 

1772 

351 

52,037 

8,993 

61,030 

57,567 

39 

30 

4 

3 

Nas-^au 

1899 

293 

99,520 

17,305 

116,825 

83,930 

1 

1 

2 

2 

New  Vork . . . 

1C83 

20 

1,472,284 

065,463 

2,137,747 

2,331,542 

12—20 

11—23 

1 

1 

Niagara 

1S08 

558 

91,783 

16,767 

108,550 

92,036 

47 

40 

» 

4 

Oneidu 

1798 

1,215 

144,776 

22,555 

167,331 

154,159 

36 

33 

5 

4 

Onondaga .  .  . 

1794 

812 

194,470 

19,522 

213,992 

200,298 

38 

35 

6 

4 

Ontario 

1789 

640 

51,870 

2,758 

54,628 

52,286 

43 

36 

7 

4 

Orange 

1683 

838 

108,226 

9,892 

118,118 

116,001 

27 

26 

9 

2 

Orleans 

1824 

405 

31,353 

2,566 

33,919 

32,000 

47 

39 

8 

4 

Oswego 

1816 

1,038 

71.195 

4,734 

75,929 

71,664 

37 

32 

5 

4 

Otsego 

1791 

1,038 

47,241 

1,293 

48,634 

47,216 

39 

34 

6 

3 

Putnam 

1812 

234 

11,739 

1,028 

12,767 

14,665 

28 

26 

9 

2 

Queens 

1683 

103 

351,093 

45.634 

396,727 

^284,041 

3 

1.2,9 

2 

2 

Rensselaer, . . 

1791 

690 

115,575 

5,765 

121,330 

122,276 

31 

28,    29 

3 

3 

Richmond .  . . 

1683 

59 

84,787 

13,847 

98,634 

85,969 

24 

11 

2 

2 

Rockland 

1798 

208 

42,360 

4,543 

46,903 

46,873 

24 

25 

9 

2 

St.  Lawrence. 

1802 

2,880 

83.153 

7.138 

90,291 

89,005 

34 

31 

4 

3 

Saratoga .... 

1791 

862 

58,770 

4,212 

62,982 

61,917 

32 

?S 

4 

3 

Schenectady . 

1809 

221 

86,315 

12,310 

98.626 

88,235 

32 

30 

4 

3 

Schoharie. .  .  . 

1795 

675 

22,440 

565 

23,005 

23,855 

39 

27 

3 

3 

Schuyler. .  . 

1859 

352 

13,533 

421 

13,954 

14,004 

41 

37 

6 

3 

Seneca 

1804 

420 

23,894 

1,355 

25,249 

26,972 

42 

36 

7 

4 

Steuben 

1796 

1,425 

81,326 

2,304 

83,630 

83,262 

43 

37 

7 

4 

Suffolk 

1683 

1,200 

92,208 

12,134 

104,342 

96,138 

1 

1 

2 

2 

Sullivan 

1809 

1.082 

35,055 

3,134 

38,189 

33,808 

27 

27 

3 

3 

Tioga 

1791 

542 

25,091 

458 

25,549 

25,624 

41 

37 

6 

3 

Tompkins . . . 

1817 

506 

34,884 

1,051 

36,635 

33,647 

41 

37 

6 

3 

Ulster 

1683 

1,204 

79,957 

5,410 

85,367 

91,769 

29 

E 

3 

3 

Warren 

1813 

968 

31,676 

1,301 

32,977 

32,223 

33 

29 

4 

3 

Washington. . 

1772 

850 

44,744 

2,211 

46.956 

47,778 

33 

29 

4 

3 

Wayne 

1823 

624 

50,105 

3,371 

53.476 

50,179 

42 

36 

7 

4 

Westchester. . 

1683 

484 

273,069 

48,644 

321,713 

283,055 

25,    26 

24,    25 

9 

2 

Wyoming 

1841 

590 

31,546 

1,482 

33,028 

31,880 

44 

39 

8 

4 

Yates 

1823 

320 

18,256 

585 

18,841 

18,642 

43 

36 

7 

4 

Total 

50,326 

8,059,515 

1,628,229 

9,087.744 

9,113,614 





Montgom 

ery'i!  ot 

iginal  n 

ame  was  T 

ryon  which 

was  forme 

(I  from  Alb 

any  Coun 

ty  in  1772 

.     Was 

hlngton 

was  originally  Charlotte,  formed  1772.  

NKW  YORK  STATE>— MALES  OF  VOTING  AND  MILITIA  AGE,  1900-1910. 


Cl.\S3  of 
POPDL.VTION. 


Total    

\\Tiite 

Negro 

Indian,  Chi.,  Jap. 
and  all  other . . 


21  AND  Over. 


1910. 


2,836,773 

2,783,371 

45,877 


1900. 


2,184,965 

2,145,057 

31,425 

8,483 


18  TO  44  Ybs. 


1910. 


2,156,361 

2,111,360 

39,488 

5,513 


1900. 


1,639,395 

1,605,624 

26,858 

6,913 


Class  of 
Population. 


Native  white 

Nat.  parentage. 

For.  or  mix.  par. 
For  .-born  white    . 


21  AND  Over. 


1910. 


1,582,358 
909,494 
652,864 

1,221,013 


1900. 


1,315,583 
782,487 
533,096 
829,474 


18  TO  44  YR3, 


1910. 


1,213,383 
654,731 
558,652 
897,977 


1900. 


1,051,690 
544,138 
507,552 
553,934 


ENUMERATION  OF  INDIANS 

ON  RESERVATIONS,  1915. 

INDUN  Reservation. 

County. 

Indians. 

INDIAN  Reservation. 

County. 

Indiana, 

Cattaraugus 

Catt.')raugus 

832 

1,313 

546 

143 

18 

1,036 

Tonawanda 

Genesee 

455 

Cattaraugus 

Erie 

Niagara 

58 

fihinnppftpk 

Suffolk 

Tuscarora 

Niagara ; 

394 

Suffolk 

Total...: 

St.  Regis 

Franklin 

4,845 

298 


Extracts  from  the  New  York  State  Constitution. 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MILITARY    CENSUS    RETURNS. 

(Summer  of  1917.    Includes  all  persons  between  16  and  SO  years.) 


Counties. 


Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus. 

Cayuga 

Chautauqua. 
Chemung. . . . 
Chenango .  . . 

Clinton 

Columbia  * .  . 
Cortland .  .  .  . 
Delaware. .  . . 
Dutchess . .  . . 

Erie  * 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene 

Hamilton . . . . 
Herkimer. . . . 
Jefferson  * . . . 

I^ewis 

Livingston . . . 
Madison 


Males, 


50,707 

9,288 

30,275 

20,066 

16,903 

29,362 

15,924 

8,658 

10,806 

11,540 

7,662 

11,144 

24,919 

180,351 

9,526 

11,229 

11,652 

9,716 

7,121 

1,537 

19,831 

22,100 

6,070 

9,112 

10,055 


Females . 


50,392 

9,288 

28,357 

16,740 

16,813 

29,623 

17,276 

8,627 

10,081 

10,322 

7.677 

10,729 

24,043 

170,342 

8,269 

10,725 

12,305 

9,052 

6,921 

1,008 

16,800 

18,062 

5,495 

8,492 

9,8.32 


Counties. 


Monroe 

Montgomery. 

Nassau 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga.  .  . 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam  * 

Rensselaer. . . 
Rockland .... 
St.  Lawrence. 

Saratoga 

Schenectady . 
Schoharie. . . . 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins.  .  . 


Males. 


97,406 

15,520 

34,827 

37,863 

45,743 

69,057 

14,357 

30,588 

7  797 

16,760 

12,161 

3,240 

29,182 

11,691 

24,144 

15,906 

32,569 

5,230 

3,315 

5,905 

21,095 

27,190 

9,773 

5,487 

9,282 


Females , 


94,890 

16,040 

36,377 

29,355 

48,766 

62,869 

13,591 

31,472 

6,816 

17,668 

11,781 

3,144 

.32,931 

11,874 

20,331 

16,041 

29,261 

4,958 

3,210 

5,620 

20,481 

29,195 

9,723 

5,737 

9,373 


Co  UNTIES. 


Ulster , 

Warren . .  , 

Washington. . 

Wayne , 

Westchester..  . 

Wyoming 

Yates 


stales. 


19,852 

8,851 

11,319 

12,784 

88,528 

7,696 

4,142 


Femaies. 


20,778 

8,233 

11,131 

12,430 

97,072 

7,718 

4,242 


Total 1,284,814  1,250,285 

GREATER  NEW  YORK. 


Manhattan . 

Bronx 

Kings 

Queens 

Richmond .  . 


692,311 
206,455 
576,012 
123,073 
32,244 


Total 1,630,095  1,650,776 


702,080 
214,162 
584,541 
121,789 
28,203 


TOTALS  FOR  STATE. 


Male 2,914,909 

Female. 2,901,000 

Grand  total ;  5,815,969 


♦  Estimated.     In  New  York  State,  in  1910,  there  were 
21  years.     In  New  York  City,  by  the  Military  Censas,  there 


2,836,773  males  and  2,755,823  females  over 
are  798,000  male  citizens  of  the  militar.T  .ape. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  CONSTITUTION. 

(Adopted  November  6,  1894,  as  amended,  and  in  force  January  1,  1918.) 

ARTICLE    I. 

Persons  Not  to  Be  Disfranchised — Section  1.  No  member  of  this  State  shall  be  disfranchised,  or 
aeorived  of  any  of  the  rights  or  privileges  secured  to  any  citizen  thereof,  unless  by  the  law  of  the  land, 
or  the  judgment  of  his  peers. 

Trial  by  Jury — Section  2.  The  trial  by  jury  in  all  cases  in  which  it  has  been  heretofore  used  shall 
remain  inviolate  forever;  but  a  jury  trial  may  be  waived  by  the  parties  in  all  civil  cases  in  the  manner  to 
be  prescribed  by  law. 

Freedom  of  Worship;  Religious  Liberty — Section  3.  The  free  exercise  and  enjoyment  of  religious 
profession  and  worship,  without  discrimination  or  preference,  shall  forever  be  allowed  in  this  State  to  all 
mankind;  and  no  person  shall  be  rendered  Incompetent  to  be  a  witness  on  account  of  his  opinions  on  matters 
of  religious  belief;  but  the  liberty  of  conscience  herel)y  secured  shall  not  be  so  construed  as  to  excuse  acts 
of  licentiousness,  or  justify  practices  inconsistent  witli  the  peace  or  safety  of  this  State. 

Habeas  Corpus — Section  4.  The  privilege  of  the  writ  of  habeas  corpus  shall  not  be  suspended,  unless 
when,  in  cases  of  rebellion  or  invasion,  the  public  safety  may  require  its  suspension. 

Grand  Jury;  Bill  of  Rights — Section  6.  No  person  shall  be  held  to  answer  for  a  capital  or  otherwise 
infamous  crime  (except  in  cases  of  Impeachment,  and  In  cases  ol  militia  when  in  actual  service,  and  the 
land  and  naval  forces  in  time  of  war,  or  which  this  State  may  keep  with  the  consent  of  Congress  in  time 
of  peace,  and  in  cases  of  petit  larceny,  under  the  regulation  of  the  Legislature),  unless  on  presentment  or 
Indictment  of  a  grand  jury,  and  in  any  trial  in  any  court  whatever  the  party  accused  shall  be  allowed  to 
appear  and  defend  in  person  and  with  counsel  as  in  civiractlons.  No  person  shall  be  subject  to  be  twice 
put  in  jeopardy  for  the  same  offense;  nor  shall  he  be  compelled  in  any  criminal  case  to  be  a  witness  against 
himself;  nor  be  deprived  of  lite,  liberty  or  property  without  due  process  of  law;  nor  shall  private  property 
be  taken  for  public  use  without  just  compensation. 

Freedom'  of  Speech  and  Press:  Criminal  Prosecutions  for  Libel — Section  8.  Every  citizen  may 
freely  speak,  write  and  publish  his  sentiments  on  all  subjects,  being  responsible  for  the  abuse  of  that  right: 
and  no  law  shall  be  passed  to  restrain  or  abridge  the  liberty  of  speech  or  of  the  press.  In  all  criminal 
prosecutions  or  indictments  for  libels,  the  truth  may  be  given  in  evidence  to  the  jury;  and  If  it  shall  appear 
to  the  jury  that  the  matter  charged  as  libelous  is  true,  and  was  published  with  good  motives  and  for  justifiable 
ends,  the  party  shall  be  acquitted;  and  the  jury  shall  have  the  right  to  determine  the  law  and  the  fact. 

ARTICLE    II. 

Qualification  of  Voters — Section  1.  Every  citizen  of  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  who  shall  have 
been  a  citizen  for  ninety  days,  and  an  Inhabitant  of  this  State  one  year  next  preceding  an  election,  and  for 
the  last  four  months  a  resident  of  the  county,  and  for  the  last  thirty  days  a  resident  of  the  election  district 
In  which  he  or  she  may  offer  his  or  her  vote,  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  at  such  election  in  the  election  district 
of  which  he  or  she  shall  at  the  time  be  a  resident,  and  not  elsewhere,  for  all  officers  that  now  are  or  here- 
after may  be  elective  by  the  people;  and  upon  all  questions  which  may  be  submitted  to  the  vote  of  the 
people,  provided,  however,  that  a  citizen,  by  marriage,  shall  have  been  an  inhabitant  of  the  United  States 
for  five  years;  and,  provided  that  in  time  of  war  no  elector  in  the  actual  military  service  of  the  State,  or 
of  the  United  States,  In  the  army  or  navy  thereof,  shall  be  deprived  of  his  or  her  vote  by  reason  of  his  or 
her  absence  from  such  election  district;  and  the  Legislature  shall  have  power  to  provide  the  manner  in 
which  and  the  time  and  place  at  which  such  absent  electors  may  vote,  and  for  the  return  and  canvass  of 
their  votes  in  the  election  districts  in  which  they  respectively  reside. 

Persons  Excluded  From  the  Right  of  Suffrage— Section  2.  No  person  who  shall  receive,  accept, 
or  offer  to  receive,  of  pay,  offer  or  promise  to  pay,  contribute,  offer  or  promise  to  contribute  to  another, 
to  be  paid  or  used,  any  money  or  other  valuable  thing  as  a  compensation  or  reward  for  the  giving  or  with- 
holding a  vote  at  an  election,  or  who  shall  make  any  promise  to  influence  the  giving  or  withholding  any 
such  vote,  or  who  shall  make  or  become  directly  or  indirectly  Interested  in' any  bet  or  wager  depending 
upon  the  result  of  any  election,  shall  vote  at  such  election;  and  upon  challenge  for  such  cause,  the  person 
so  Challenged,  before  the  officers  authorized  for  that  purpose  shall  receive  his  or  her  vote,  shall  swear  or 
affirm  before  such  officers  that  he  or  she  has  not  received  or  offered,  does  not  expect  to  receive,  has  not 
paid,  offered  or  promised  to  pay,  contributed,  offered  or  promised  to  contribute  to  another,  to  be  paid  or 
used  any  money  od  other  valuable  thing  as  a  compensation  or  reward  for  the  giving  or  withholding  a  vote 
at  such  election,  and  has  not  made  any  promise  to  influence  the  gi\^ng  or  withholding  of  any  such  vote, 
nor  made  or  become  directly  or  indirectly  interested  in  any  bet  or  wager  dependlag  upon  the  result  of  such 
election.:  :■        ; 


Aliens  in  New  Fork  Villages. 


299 


ALIENS    IN    NEW    YORK    VILLAGES. 

(State  Census  of  1915.) 


Village. 


Adam.- 

Addison 

Alton 

Akron 

Albion 

Alden 

Alexander .... 
AlexandriaBay 

Alfred 

Allegany 

Altamont 

Altmar 

Amityville. . . . 

Ande.s 

Andover 

Angelica 

Angola 

Antwerp. .... 

Arcade 

Ardsley 

Argyle 

Arkport 

Athens 

Attica 

Aurora 

Avoca 

Avon 

Babylon 

Baiubridge 

BaldniusvUle. 
Ballstou  Spa. . 

Baker 

BatU 

Belleville 

Bellport .• . 

Belmont 

Bemus  Point. . 

Bergen 

Black  River... 

Blasdell . . 

Bloom  ingdale. 

Bolivar 

Boonville 

Brewster 

BriarcUff 

Bridgewater... 
Brockport .... 

Broctou 

Bronx vUle.  . . 
Brookfleld .... 
Brown ville..  .  . 

Burdett 

Caledonia .... 
Cambridge. . . . 

Camden 

Camillus 

Canajoharie. . . 
Canaseraga. .  , 
Canastota. . . 

Candor 

Canisteo 

Canton 

Cape  Vincent . 

Carthage 

Castile 

Castleton 

Cato 

Catskill 

Cattaraugus . . 

Cayuga 

Cazenovia. . . . 

Sedarhurst .  . . 
eloron. ..... 

Centerv'leSta. 
Central  Square 
Cham  plain. . . . 

Charlotte 

Chateaugay. . . 

Chatham 

Chaiunont. . . . 
Cherry  Ci-eek.. 
Cherry  Valley. 
Chester. ..-.,. 
Chittenango.  . 
Churchville. . . 


County. 


Jefferaoa 

Steuben 

Chenango.  .  . 

Erie 

Orleans 

Erie 

Genesee 

Jefferson ... 
Allegany.  .  . 
Ca  ttaraugus . 

Albany 

Oswego 

Suffolk 

Delaware .... 
Allegany.  ,  .  . 
Allegany .... 

Erie. . 

Jefferson .... 
Wyoming .  .  . . 
Westchester. 
Wa.9hington.. 

Steuben 

Greene 

W^yomlng .... 

Cayuga 

Steuben 

Livingston . . . 

Suffolk 

Chenango.  .  . 
Onondaga .  . . 
Saratoga.  .  .  . 

Niagara 

Steuben 

Jefferson .... 

Suffolk 

Allegany .... 
Chautauqua . 

Genesee 

Jefferson .... 

Erie 

Essex 

Allegany .... 

Oneida 

Putnam 

Westchester.. 

Oneida 

Monroe 

Cliautauqua . 
Westchester. 
Madison.  .  .  . 
Jefferson.  .  .  . 
Schuyler.  .  .  . 
Livingston . . . 
Washington.. 

Oueida 

Onondaga .  . . 
Montgomery. 
Allegany.  .  .  . 
Madison.  .  .  . 

Tioga 

Steuben 

St.  Lawrence. 
Jefferson .... 
Jefferson.  .  .  . 
Wyoming..  .  . 
Rensselaer. .  . 

Cayuga 

Greene 

Cattaraugus . 
Cayuga. . . .  . 
Madison.  .  .  . 

Nassau 

Chautauqua . 

Sullivas 

Oswego 

Clinton 

Monroe 

Franklin.  .  .  . 
Columbia. . . . 
Jefferson .... 
Chautauqua . 

Otsego 

OraiKe 

Madison . .  .  . 
Monroe 


Citiz'n  Aliens,  f  Total. 


1,539 

1,747 

748 

1,769 

5,340 

754 

259 

1,871 

664 

1,264 

781 

380 

2,586 

401 

1.147 

1,077 

1,072 

979 

1,504 

399 

223 

534 

1,888 

1,976 

378 

1,049 

2,128 

2,846 

1,194 

3,175 

3,940 

482 

4,100 

279 

446 

1,013 

266 

622 

817 

883 

384 

1,208 

1,896 

1,289 

908 

258 

3,233 

1,196 

1,760 

400 

754 

358 

1,168 

1,699 

2,156 

680 

2,314 

658 

3,508 

733 

2,300 

2,551 

1,026 

3,574 

942 

1,436 

388 

5,066 

1,267 

364 

1,917 

2,251 

686 

682 

474 

1,199 

1,973 

1,154 

2.286 

635 

687 

752 

1,123 

1,037 

.■537 


32 

7 
6 

87 
648 

23 


191 
13 
63 
24 
10 

194 

4 

7 

61 

122 
78 
64 
43 


4 

37 

37 

18 

34 

302 

254 

7 

45 

404 

68 

73 

1 

53 

18 

4 

17 

40 

57 

10 

52 

13 

113 

313 


135 

96 

480 


131 

17 
73 
28 
25 

160 

160 
10 

341 
16 
14 
73 
76 

297 
20 

147 
2 

30, 
9 
9 
11 

406 
34 

218 

7 

80 

329 
42 

103 
47 
33 
10 

157 
37 
46 


1.571 

1,754 

754 

1,856 

5,988 

777 

259 

2,062 

677 

1,327 

805 

390 

2,780 

40 

1,154 

1,138 

1,194 

1,057 

1,568 

442 

223 

638 

1,925 

2,013 

396 

1,083 

2,430 

3,100 

1,201 

3,220 

4,344 

550 

4,173 

280 

499 

1,031 

270 

639 

857 

940 

394 

1,260 

1,909 

1,402 

1,221 

258 

3,368 

1,292 

2,240 

400 

885 

375 

1,241 

1,727 

2,181 

840 

2,474 

668 

3,849 

749 

2,314 

2,624 

1,102 

3,871 

962 

1,583 

390 

5,371 

1,276 

373 

1,928 

2,657 

720 

900 

481 

1,279 

2,302 

1,196 

2,389 

682 

720 

762 

1,280 

1,074 

583 


Village. 


Clayton 

ClayviUe 

Cleveland .... 
Clifton  Spring.' 

Clinton 

Clyde 

Cobleskill 

Cohocton  .... 
Cold  Brook . .  . 
Cold  .Spring. .  . 
Constablevlile 
Cooperstown. . 
Copenhagen.. . 

Corfu 

Corinth 

Cornwall-on- 

Hudson .... 
Coxsackie.  .  .  . 

Croghan 

Croton 

Cuba 

Dannemora . . . 

Dansville 

Delevan 

Delhi 

Depew 

Deposit 

De  Ruyter. .  .  , 

Dexter 

Dobbs  Ferry. 
Dolgeville .... 

Dresden 

Drydeu 

Dundee 

Earlville 

East  Aurora .  . 
East  Randolph 
East  Rochester 
East  Rockaw'y 
East  Syracuse . 

Eastwood 

Edwards 

Elba 

Elbridge 

Elizabetht'n.  . 

EllenvlUe 

EUicottville.. . 

Ellisburg 

Elmira  Heights 

Elmsford 

Endicott 

Esperance .... 

Fabius 

Fair    Haven . . 

Fairport 

Falconer 

Farmingdale.  . 

Farnham 

FayetteviUe. .  . 
Flelschmanns.. 

FlshklU 

Floral  Park..  . 

Fonda 

Forestport .... 
Forest ville. . .  . 

Fort  Ann 

Ft.  Covington. 
Fort  Edward. . 
Fort  Johnson. . 

Fort  Plain 

Frankfort 

Fi'anklin 

Franklin  ville. . 

Fredonia 

Freeport 

Freeville 

Friendship.  . . , 

Fultonville 

Gainesvine.. .  . 

Galway 

Genesee 

Gilbertsville. . . 
Glen  Park.  .  .  . 

Goshen 

Gouverneur. . . 


County. 


Jefferson .  , 
Oneida. . . 
Oswego. . . 
Ontario. .. 
Oneida. .  . 
Wayne ... 
Schoharie. 
Steuben.  . 
Herkimer. 
Putnam.  . 
Lewis.  ... 
Otsego . . . 
Lewis .... 
Genesee. . 
Saratoga . , 


Orange 

Greene 

Lewis 

Westchester. . 
Allegany .... 

Clinton 

Livingston . . . 
Cattaraugus . 
Delaware. . . . 

Erie 

Broome  &  Del. 

Madison 

Jefferson 

Westcliester. . . 
Herk.&  Fulton 

Yates 

Tompkins.  .  . . 

Yates 

Mad.  &  Che. . 

Erie 

Cattaraugus.  . 

Monroe 

Nassau 

Onondaga .... 
Onondaga .... 
St.  Lawrence.. 

Genesee 

Onondaga .... 

Essex 

Ulster 

Cattaraugus.  . 

Jefferson 

Chemupg 

Westchester. . . 

Broome 

Schoharie 

Onondaga.  . .  . 

Cayuga 

Monroe 

Chautauqua.  . 

Nassau 

Erie 

Onondaga.  .  . . 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Nassau 

Montgomery. . 

Oneida 

Chautauqua.  . 
Washington. .  . 

Franklin 

Washington. .  . 
Montgomery. . 
Montgomery. . 

Herkimer 

Delaware 

Cattaraugus.  . 
Chautauqua.  . 

Nassau 

Tompkins .... 

Allegany 

Montgomery. . 

Wyoming 

Saratoga 

Livingston. .. . 

Otsego 

Jefferson 

Orange 

St.  Lawrence.. 


Citiz'n 

Aliens. 

1,831 

48 

717 

255 

656 

4 

1,593 

71 

1,239 

25 

2,442 

257 

2,311 

51 

938 

20 

270 

4 

820 

115 

387 

4 

2,542 

92 

670 

25 

484 

31 

2,299 

116 

2.019 

221 

2,224 

85 

651 

8 

1,829 

414 

1,625 

20 

865 

4 

3,950 

68 

546 

11 

1,717 

26 

3,259 

1,673 

1,770 

9 

601 

3 

955 

190 

3,371 

659 

3,041 

285 

319 

7 

711 

11 

1,232 

4 

830 

15 

3,373 

72 

582 

2,858 

613 

1,532 

75 

3,543 

296 

764 

13 

487 

17 

420 

19 

473 

2 

509 

21 

2,987 

86 

862 

19 

316 

2,864 

290 

1,232 

148 

4,016 

1,565 

241 

340 

620 

4 

3,326 

230 

2,095 

247 

1,036 

220 

519 

117 

1,717 

62 

689 

78 

521 

10 

1,615 

156 

1,044 

76 

502 

3 

727 

13 

415 

21 

757 

71 

3,407 

255 

654 

•27 

2,658 

265 

3,437 

776 

438 

3 

2,020 

45 

4,964 

364 

7,154 

309 

332 

5 

1,178 

21 

934 

21 

327 

13 

104 

2,086 

167 

412 

39 

640 

110 

3,282 

229 

3,984 

180 

Total. 


1,879 

972 

660 

1,664 

1,264 

2,699 

2,362 

958 

274 

935 

391 

2,634 

695 

515 

2,415 

2,240 

2,309 

659 

2,243 

1,645 

869 

4,018 

557 

1,743 

4,932 

1,779 

604 

1,145 

4,030 

3,326 

326 

722 

1,236 

845 

3,445 

582 

3,471 

1,607 

3,839 

777 

504 

439 

475 

530 

3,073 

881 

316 

3,154 

1,380 

5,581 

241 

340 

624 

3,556 

2,342 

1,856 

636 

1,779 

767 

'    531 

1,771 

1,120 

505 

740 

436 

828 

3,662 

681 

2.923 

4,213 

441 

2,065 

6,328 

7,463 

337 

1,199 

955 

340 

104 

2,253 

451 

650 

3,511 

4,164 


300 

Aliens  in 

New 

York  Villagcs- 

-^Continued 

• 

Village. 

County. 

Oltlz'n 

Aliens 

Total. 

Village. 

COUQtJ-. 

Citi.Vi 

Aliens 

iOtA). 

Gowauda 

Cattaraugus 

Mexico 

Oswego 

1,449 

2b 

5,474 

and  Erie. . . . 

2,25S 

266 

2,524 

Middleburg... 

Schoharie 

1,056 

i 

3,059 

Grandview-on- 

Middleport . . . 

Niagara 

1,365 

58 

1,427 

Hudson .... 

Rockland 

305 

3C 

335 

MiddleviUe..  . 

Herkimer 

557 

15c 

710 

Granville 

Vt  ashlngton. . . 

3,229 

661 

3,890 

MiUord 

Otsego 

558 

2 

am 

Great  Nk.  Est. 

Nassau 

139 

36 

175 

MJllbroofc 

Dutchess 

1,088 

164 

1 ,2.52 

Greene 

Chenango .... 

1,255 

17 

1,272 

MlUerton 

Dutchess 

87^ 

16 

890 

Green  Island. . 

Albany 

4,306 

227 

4,533 

Mineola 

Nassau 

1,979 

33( 

2.318 

Greeuport .... 

Suffolk 

3,439 

296 

3,735 

Minoa 

Onondaga .  . 

592 

76 

068 

Grecuwicli. . . . 

W'aslilnijlon..  . 

2,208 

107 

2,315 

Mohawk 

Herkimer 

2,544 

3S 

2,577 

Grotcu 

Tompkins.  .  .  . 

1,393 

52 

1,445 

Mom-oe 

Orange.. 

l,4ia 

106 

J, 519 

Hagaman 

Montgomery. . 

794 

158 

952 

Montgomery. . 

Orange 

91S 

3i 

957 

Hamburg 

Erie 

2,705 

30 

2,744 

Monticello 

Sullivan 

2,050 

82 

2,132 

Hamilton 

Mauisou 

1,531 

55 

1,586 

Montour  Falls. 

Schuyler 

1,274 

7 

1.281 

Hammond .... 

St.  Lawrence.. 

370 

48 

418 

Mooers 

Clinton 

504 

IS 

522 

Ham'ndaport. . 

Steuben 

1,540 

20 

1,560 

Moravia 

Cajoiga 

1,378 

IS 

5,393 

nancock 

Delaware 

1,342 

14 

1,356 

Morris 

Otsego 

464 

2 

466 

Hannibal 

Oswego 

429 

3 

432 

MorrLstown.. . 

St.  Lawrence. . 

454 

25 

473 

Harrlman 

Orange 

718 

136 

854 

MorrisvlUe.... 

Madi.son 

578 

4 

582 

HarrisvUle 

Lewis 

901 

90 

991 

Moscow 

Mt.  Kisco 

Living.sto'i 

Westchester.. . 

294 
2,345 

11 

557 

305 

Hasting.'3-on- 

2,902 

Hudson .... 

Westchester . . . 

3,522 

1,939 

5,46) 

Mt.  MoiTis.  .  . 

Liviugslon.. .  . 

3,0.52 

832 

3,884 

Haverstraw . . . 

Rockland 

5,154 

204 

5,418 

Naples 

Ontario 

1,130 

8 

1,138 

Hempstead .  . . 

Xassr.u 

5,547 

526 

6,073 

Nassau 

Rensgelaej .... 

568 

29 

,597 

Henderson .... 

Jet'fei  son 

374 

6 

380 

Nelllstou 

Montgomery. . 

665 

51 

716 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

7,710 

1,867 

9,577 

Ncl.5onville .  .  . 

Putnam 

941 

38 

979 

Hermon 

St.  Lawrence. . 

598 

9 

607 

Xi'wark 

Wayne 

6,081 

387 

0,468 

Heuvclton 

St.  Lawrence. . 

549 

7 

556 

Xew.irk  Valley 

Tioga 

806 

2 

80S 

Highland  Falls 

Orange 

2,261 

2.57 

2,518 

New  Berlin.. . 

Chenango .... 

1.118 

13 

S.I31 

HUlbinn 

Rockland 

978 

39 

1,017 

Ncwiicld 

Tompkins .... 

339 
1,379 

2 

341 

Hilton 

Monroe 

775 

42 

817 

New  Hartford. 

Oneida 

80 

1,459 

Hoburt 

Delaware 

.579 

17 

596 

New  London. . 

Oneida 

195 

18 

213 

Holland  Pat'nt 

Oneida 

317 

22 

339 

Nev.-  Pnltz 

Ulster 

1.199 

62 

1,201 

HoUey 

Orleans 

1,653 

127 

1,780 

Newport 

Herkimer 

689 

8 

697 

Homer 

Cortland 

2,864 

7 

2,871 

NlclioLs 

Tioga 

562 

24 

586 

Honeoye  Falls. 

Monroe 

1,182 

76 

1,258 

North  Bangor 

Franklin 

384 

384 

Hooslok  Falls . 

Rens.soIaer. .  .  . 

4,961 

445 

5,406 

North  Collins. 

Erie. 

955 

113 

i,0G8 

Horseheads.  .  . 

Chemung 

1,900 

49 

1,949 

North  Pelhain . 

Westchester. . . 

1,620 

248 

!,874 

Hudson  Falls. . 

Washington. .  . 

5.452 

133 

5,585 

Northport.  .  .  . 

Suffolk 

2.401 

120 

■J,ri27 

Hunter 

Greene 

353 

52 

405 

N.  Tarrytown 

Westchester. . . 

4,135 

742 

4,877 

lUon 

Herkimer 

Seneca 

8,546 
662 

354 
1 

8,900 
663 

North  viUe 

Norwood 

Fulton 

St.  Lawrence.. 

1,624 

1,766 

11 
113 

1,035 

Interlaken .... 

1,879 

Irvlngton 

Westchester. . . 

1,872 

507 

2,379 

Nund.T, 

Livingston 

1,122 

18 

I.I40 

Jolnison  Clt3^. 

Nyack 

Rockland 

4,060 
994 

231 

4,291 

Jordan .....'.. 

Onondaga .... 

1,057 

6 

1.063 

Oakfleld 

Genesee ...... 

313 

1.307 

Keesville 

Clinton  &  Es'x 

1,774 

21 

1,795 

Odes."a 

Schuyler 

324 

11 

335 

Kenmore 

Erie 

1,610 

90 

1,700 

Old  Forge .... 

Herkimei'. . . ,  < 

499 

16 

515 

Klnderliook . . . 

Columbia 

820 

7 

827 

Oneida  Castle. 

Oneida 

399 

399 

juacona 

Oswego 

457 

19 

476 

Oramel 

Allegany 

126 

126 

lAke  George . . 

Warren 

746 

4 

750 

Oriskany  Falls 

Oneida 

913 

00 

973 

Lake  Placid. . . 

Essex 

1,937 

40 

1,977 

Osslning 

Westchester. . . 

9,138 

1,188 

10,326 

Lakewood .... 

Chautauqua.  . 

669 

33 

702 

Otego 

Ot^o 

567 

12 

573 

l^ancaster. .    . 

Erie 

4,515 
1.708 

579 
352 

5,094 
2,060 

Ovid 

Seneca 

Tioga 

589 

4,498 

2 
72 

591 

LarcUmont.  .  . 

Westchester. . . 

Owcgo 

4,570 

I.a8<i,lle 

Niagara 

2,114 

288 

2,402 

Oxford 

Chenango. . . . 

1,570 

18 

1.594 

Laurens 

Otsego 

364 

364 

Painted  Post. . 

Steuben 

1,304 

15 

1,319 

Lawrence 

Nassau 

1,285 

585 

1,870 

Palatine  Edge. 

Montgomery. . 

399 

9 

408 

Le  Roy 

Genesee 

3,710 

374 

4.084 

PataayTa 

Wajme 

2,401 

68 

2,469 

I*ster.shire. . . . 

Broome 

5,348 

52 

5,400 

Panama 

Chautauqua.  . 

352 

352 

Lewiston 

Niagara 

701 

40 

741 

Parish 

Oswego , 

610 

2 

521 

Liberty 

Sullivan 

2,286 

109 

2,395 

Patchogue. . .  . 

Suffolk 

4,150 

366 

4, .506 

IJma 

Livingston 

908 

14 

922 

Pawling 

Dutchess 

984 

66 

1,050 

Limestone. . . . 

Cattaraugus.  . 

442 

21 

463 

Peekskill 

Westchester. . . 

14,402 

1,100 

15,502 

Lisle 

Broome 

308 

39 

347 

Pelliam 

Westchester.. . 

637 

156 

793 

Little  VaUey.. 

Cattaraugus .  . 

1.305 

2 

1,307 

PeUiam  Manor 

Westchester. . . 

893 

222 

1,115 

Liverpool 

Onondaga .... 

1,569 

22 

1,591 

Penn  Yan .... 

Yates 

4,560 

165 

4,725 

Livonia 

Liviug.ston 

812 

45 

857 

Perry 

Wyoming 

4,354 

655 

5,009 

Long  Beacli. .  . 

Nassau 

484 

178 

662 

Phelps 

Ontario 

1,348 

27 

1,375 

Lowville 

Lewis 

3,185 

59 

3,244 

Philadelphia.  . 

Jefferson 

799 

48 

847 

Lynbrook. . .  . 

Na.ssau 

2,799 

256 

3,055 

Phllmont 

Columbia 

2,033 

27 

2,060 

LyndonviUe. .  . 

Orleans 

796 

36 

832 

Phoenix 

Osirego 

l,6a3 

52 

5,655 

Lyons 

Wayne. 

4,420 

322 

4,742 

Piermont 

Rockland 

1,196 

285 

1,481 

Lyons  Falls. . 

759 

877 

104 
10 

863 

S87 

Pike 

Wyoming 

Ulster 

343 

646 

I 

344 

McGrawville. . 

Cortland 

Pine  Hill 

646 

Macedon 

Wayne 

1,083 

64 

1,147 

Pittsf  ord 

Monroe. 

1,260 

110 

1,376 

Madison 

Madison 

313 

4 

31T 

Plandome.  .  .  . 

Nassau 

208 

47 

255 

Malone 

Franklin. 

7,121 

283 

7,404 

Plsa.sant  VaVy 

Dutchess ..... 

423 

C 

429 

Mamaronpck.. 

Westchester. . . 

6,094 

1,196 

7,290 

Pleasant ville. . 

Westchester. . . 

2,291 

173 

2,464 

Manchester. . . 

Ontario 

962 

153 

1,115 

Poland 

Herkimer 

314 

1 

315 

Manlius 

Onondaga.  .  .  . 

1.174 

130 

1,304 

Port  Byron . .  . 

Cayuga 

1.098 

17 

1,115 

Mannsvllle .  .  . 

Jefferson 

610 

7 

617 

Port  Che.ster. . 

Westchester. . . 

12.291 

2.838 

15,129 

Marathon 

Cortland 

979 

27 

1,006 

Port  Dickinson 

Broome 

582 

1 

583 

Marcellus . .  . 

Onondaga .... 

905 

86 

991 

Port  Henry. . . 

Essex ■. 

2.483 

101 

2,584 

Margaretville . 

Delaware 

618 

30 

648 

Port  I^yden .  . 

Lewis 

74<1 

13 

753 

Marlboro 

Ulster 

784 

11 

795 

Portville 

Cattai'augus .  . 

749 

10 

766 

Massena 

St.  Lawrence. . 

3,675 

939 

4,614 

Pot^lam 

St.  Lawrence.. 

4,021 

130 

■!,157 

Mayflield 

Fultoa. 

579 

16 

595 

Prattsburg 

Steuben 

687 

9 

096 

MayvlUe 

Chautauqua.  . 

1,173 

28 

1,201 

Prospect 

Oneida 

314 

25 

339 

Medina 

Orleans 

5,579 

500 

0,079 

Pulaski 

Oswego 

1,814 

46 

1,860 

Meridian 

CajTiga 

312 

1 

313 

Randolph 

Cattaraugw).  . 

.  1,327 

14 

1,341 

Foreign  and  Native  Population,  iV.  F.  State,  1910,  by  Age  Groups:  30] 


ALIENS  IN  NEW  YORK  Vlhl.AGES— Continued. 


VILLAGE. 


Kavena. . .... 

Red  Creek..,. 

Red  Hook 

Remsen 

Rensselaer  Fls. 
Khinebeck... . 

Richburg 

Richfield  Spr. . 
Richmond  ville. 

Ricliviile 

Rifioa 

Rock  ville  Ctr. 
Rosendale. . . . 
Rouses  Point.. 
RushvUle..... 

Rye. 

SackettsHbr.. 
Saddle  Rock . . 
Sag  Harbor.. . 
St.  JotinavUle.. 

Salem 

Sands  Point. . . 
Sandy  Creek.. 
Saranac  Lake . 
Saratoga  Spr. . 
Saugerties. . . . 

Savannah 

Savona. 

Scarsdale 

Schaghticoke. 
Schenevus. . . . 

Schoharie 

SchuylerviUe.. 

Scotia 

ScottsvlUe 

S«a  Cliff 

Seneca  Falls . . 
Sharon  Springs 
Sherburne .... 

Sherman 

Shoreliam .... 

Shorts  ville 

Sidney 

Silver  Creek .  . 
Sliver  Springs . 
Sinclair  ville,. . 
Skanea  teles. . . 

Sloan 

Smyrna 

Solvay 

Southampton.. 
So,  Glens  Falls 
South  Nyack. 

Spencer 

Spencerport.. 
Spring  Valley. 
Spring  ville. .. 
StamJord . , . . 
Stillwater. . . . 
Suff  ren 


County 


Alt-'xy 

Wayne. ;....; 
Dutobess. , . . 

Oneida, 

St.  Lawrence. . 

Dutchess 

Allegany 

Otsego 

Schoharie 

St.  Lawrence. . 

Ulster 

Nassau 

Ulster 

Clinton 

Ont.  &  Yates. 
Westchester. . . 
Jeflerson ..... 

Nassau 

Suffolk 

Montgomery. . 
Washington.. . 

Nassau 

Oswego 

Essex&F'klln. 

Saratoga 

Ulster 

Wayne , 

Steuben 

Westchester. . 

Rensselaer 

Otsego 

Schoharie 

Saratoga 

Schenectady . 

Monroe 

Nassau 

Seneca 

Schoharie 

Chenango .    . 
Chautauqua. 

Suffolk 

Ontario , 

Delaware. . . . 
Chautauqua. 

Wyoming 

Chautauqua.  . 
Onondaga ... 

Erie 

Chenango.  .  . 
Onondaga ... 

Suffolk 

Saratoga 

Rockland 

Tioga 

Monroe 

Rockland 

Erie 

Del.  &  Scho.  . 

Saratoga 

Rockland 


Citlz'n 

Aliens. 

Total. 

1.553 

147 

1,700 

518 

7 

525 

915 

8 

923 

407 

10 

417 

359 

15 

374 

1,554 

26 

1,580 

376 

4 

380 

1,569 

64 

1,623 

538 

29 

567 

313 

3 

316 

333 

13 

346 

4.949 

274 

6.223 

783 

21 

804 

1.640 

143 

1,783 

459 

459 

4,388 

951 

5,339 

790 

39 

829 

33 

38 

71 

2.949 

296 

3,245 

2,331 

374 

2,705 

1,058 

38 

l.OGG 

328 

207 

535 

657 

12 

669 

4,708 

210 

4.918 

12.320 

644 

12,864 

4,404 

86 

4,490 

517 

14 

531 

565 

6 

571 

2,127 

590 

2,717 

794 

794 

524 

13 

637 

1,073 

51 

1,124 

1.561 

150 
209 

1,711 

3,581 

3  790 

833 

67 

900 

1,900 

81 

1,981 

6,256 

762 

7,018 

502 

29 

631 

977 

39 

1,016 

945 

4 

949 

118 

33 

151 

1,208 

20 

1,228 

2,583 

68 

2,641 

2,897 

323 

3,220 

790 

103 

893 

574 

8 

582 

1,707 

61 

1,768 

2,000 

202 

2,202 

241 

6 

247 

4,454 

1,432 

5,886 

2,577 

515 

3,092 

2,086 

20 

2,106 

1,788 

162 

1,950 

653 

653 

828 

20 

848 

2,487 

317 

2,804 

2,658 

30 

2,088 

1,032 

28 

1,060 

1,025 

16 

1,041 

2,511 

270 

2,781 

Sylvan  Beach. 
Tannersville.  . 
Tarry  town.. .  . 

Theresa.  .  .  . .  . 

Tlconderoga.  . 

Tlvoli...  . 

Trenton 

Trumansburg. 

Tuckahoe 

TuUy 

Tupper  Lake.. 

Turin 

Unadilla. ..... 

Union ........ 

Union  Springs. 
Union  ville.  . . . 

Upper  Nyack . 

Valatie 

Valley  Falls.. . 
Van  Etten .... 

Vernon 

Victor 

Victory  Mills.. 
Voorheesville.. 
VVaddlngton.  . 
Walden ....;. 

Walton 

Wampsville. . . 
Wap'gers  Falls 

Warsaw 

Warwick 

Wash'touville . 
Waterf  ord .... 

Waterloo 

Waterville. . . . 

Walkins 

Waverly 

Wayland 

Webster 

Weedsport. . . . 
Wellsburg .... 

Welsville 

West  Carthage 

Westfield 

W.  Hav'straw. 

Westport 

West  Winfleld. 

Whitehall 

White  Plains. . 
Whitesboro.  .  . 
WTiitney's  Pt. . 
Williamsville. . 

Wilson 

Windsor 

Wolcott 

Woodhuli 

Woodsburgh .  . 
Wurtsboro. . . . 

YorkviUe 

Youngstown .  . 


County. 


Oneida 

Greene 

Westchester.. 
Jefferson .... 

Essex 

Dutchess. .  . . 

Oneida 

Tompkins.  . . 
Westchester. . 
Onondaga .  . . 

Franklin 

Lewis 

Otsego 

Broome 

Cayuga 

Orange 

Rockland.. . . 
Columbia.. . . 
Rensselaer. . , , 
Chemung.. . . 

Oneida 

Ontairo 

Saratoga .... 

Albany 

St.  Lawrence. 

Orange 

Delaware. . . . 

Madison 

Dutchess .... 
Wyoming.. . . 

Orange 

Orange 

Saratoga .... 

Seneca 

Oneida 

Schuyler 

Tioga 

Steuben 

Monroe 

Cayuga 

Chemung. . . . 
Allegany .... 

Jeflerson 

Chautauqua.  . 

Rockland 

Essex 

Herkimer. ... 
Washington.. 
Westchester.. 

Oneida 

Broome 

Erie 

Niagara 

Broome , 

Wayne 

Steuben 

Nassau 

Sullivan 

Oneida 

Niagara. .... 


Citlz'n  Aliens.  Total. 


191 

731 

6.170 

1.002 

2,655 

1,055 

316 

1,176 

2,121 

543 

3,257 

336 

1,111 

1,867 

740 

386 

571 

1,367 

713 

404 

513 

944 

588 

510 

687 

5,028 

J,535 

222 

3,289 

3,362 

2,386 

610 

2,774 

3,976 

1,535 

2,606 

5,000 

1,689 

1,272 

1,442 

470 

4,510 

1,518 

3,014 

2,167 

695 

778 

4,413 

16,256 

2,318 

756 

1,261 

729 

662 

1,333 

336 

101 

404 

933 

663 


27 
682 
51 
99 
26 


6 

632 
16 

663 

3 

14 

56 

22 

1 

71 

43 

82 

3 

19 

107 
69 
40 
39 

168 
71 


463 
62 

119 
26 

273 

367 
29 

154 

119 
10 

167 

6 

8 

85 

69 

305 

163 
21 
10 

253 
2,425 

175 

4 

11 

12 

S 

13 

16 

67 

5 

163 


196 

758 

5.752 

1,053 

2,754 

1,080 

316 

1,181 

2,753 

559 

3,910 

339 

1,125 

1,922 

762 

387 

642 

1,410 

795 

407 

632 

1,051 

657 

650 

726 

6,196 

3,606 

222 

3,742 

3,424 

2,505 

635 

3,047 

4,343 

1,564 

2,760 

6,11« 

1,699 

1,439 

1,448 

478 

4,595 

1,587 

3.319 

2,330 

710 

788 

4,668 

18,681 

2,493 

760 

1.272 

741 

665 

1,346 

352 

168 

409 

1,086 

571 


FOiRElGN  AND  NATIVE   POPULATION,  N.   Y.  STATE,  1910,   BY  ACE  CROUPS. 


AGE  GH0UP3. 


All  ages,  number 

Under  5  years 

Under  1  year .... 

6  to   9  jears 

10  to  U  yeara. . .  . 
15  to  la  years .... 

20  to  24  years 

25  to  29  years 

30  to  34  years. . .  . 
35  to  39  years. .. . 
40  to  44  years. . .  . 
45  to  49  years. . . . 
50  to  54  years.. .  . 
65  to  59  years. . .  . 

80  to  64  years 

85  to  74  years. . .  . 
75  to  84  yeai-s .... 
85  to  94  years. . . . 
95  years  and  over. 
Age  uuViuown. ., . 


Total 
Population. 


M. 
,584,697 
453,863 
97,345 
403,516 
393,939 
408,962 
460,053 
450.570 
397,058 
365,522 
310,660 
258,842 
214,734 
148,218 
115,216 
140,741 
47,610 

7,085 
261 

7,747 


Native  White, 
Native  Par. 


F. 
,529,017 
445,064 

94,308 
400,352 
391,887 
433,487 
478,888 
429,273 
371,246 
346,687 
289,306 
244,836 
203,579 
145,942 
122,673 
154,227 

58,031 

9,760 

440 

3,339 


M. 

,606,62411 

182,621 

37,670 

165,775 

161,347 

157,909 

150,203 

133,698 

115,242 

105,306 

87,843 

75,420 

70,202 

56,424 

46,871 

64,072 

24,134 

3,809 

100 

5,648 


Nat.  W'te,  For. 
or  Mixed  Par. 


F. 

,623,701  I 

178,776 

36,591 

163,257 

159,910 

161,281 

167,564 

137,810 

117,412 

104,368 

86,285 

75,412 

69,126 

55,775 

60,050 

69,944 

29,560 

5,338 

208 

1,622 


M. 

,472,280 

255,383 

57,629 

196,301 

180,182 

161,408 

126,305 

104,171 

96,192 

93,656 

77,475 

64,351 

53,009 

30,013 

15,700 

14,219 

2,907 

405 

16 

577 


F. 

,534,968 

250,369 

55,904 

195,556 

179,430 

168,657 

141,431 

113,252 

105,783 

101,987 

83,760 

68,940 

55,379 

31,348 

17,762 

16,474 

3,717 

575 

16 

5321 


Foreign-Born 
White. 


M. 

,432,423 

10,502 

609 

37,091 

48,337 

84,877 

176,030 

201,967 

176,383 

158,236 

139,447 

114.882 

88,621 

60,038 

51,408 

61,137 

20,220 

2,812 

136 

1,299 


F. 

,296,849 

10,343 

609 

36,758 

47.982 

97,752 

169,900 

166,903 

139,713 

133,284 

114,618 

96,834 

76,422 

67,197 

53,616 

66,393 

24,247 

3,722 

■    178 

9g7 


Negro. 


M. 
64,034 
4,920 
1,177 
3,944 
3,742 
4,363 
7,771 
9,666 
8,092 
7,133 
4,729 
3,197 
2,258 
1,434 
1,064 
1,173 

314 
49 
8 

177 


F. 

70,157 

5,141 

1,123 

4,343 

4,188 

5,455 

9,710 

11,007 

8,109 

6,855 

4,493 

3,476 

2,537 

1,537 

1,193 

1,321 

462 

113 

33 

184 


All  Other. 


M. 

9,236 

437 

100 

405 

331 

405 

744 

1,068 

1,149 

1,191 

1,166 

982 

644 

309 

173 

140 

35 

46 


F. 

3,342 
432 
81 
438 
377 
342 
283 
301 
229 
193 
150 

in 

115 
85 
52 
95 
;.  46 
12 
S 
14 


302 


Jews  in  the  World. 


JEWISH    STATISTICS. 

(Compiled  for  the  American  Jewish  Year  Book  by  Samson  D.  Oppenhelm,  J.  1).,  Director  of  the  Bureau 

of  Jewish  Statistics  and  Research,  New  York.) 

According  to  various  authorities  cited  by  Mr.  Oppenhelm,  the  Jewish  population  of  New  Yoris  City 
In  past  years  was  as  follows — (1790)  385;  (1812)  400:  (1824)  6,000;  (1840)  15,000;  (1880)  60,000;  (1892) 
250,000;  (1905)  672,000;  (1910,  V.  S.  Census),  801,980;  (1912,  New  York  KehiUah),  1,250,000;  (1918) 
1,6()0,000.  "New  York  City,"  adds  Mr  Oppenhelm,  "contains  the  largest  Jewish  community  that  hafl 
ever  existed  within  the  confines  of  a  single  municipality:  It  has  over  2,200  congregations  and  181  reliKlous 
schools  with  41,403  pupils,  exclusive  of  about  14,000,  who  attend  private  hedarim.  It  has  over  100  re- 
creational and  cultural  agencies,  more  than  1,000  mutual  aid  societies,  965  lodges,  193  economic  agencies, 
and  164  philanthropic  and  correctional  agencies.  Over  .'517,000,000  was  expended'  In  1917  by  all  these 
activities,  of  which  amount  the  two  great  philanthropic  federations,  that  of  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx, 
and  that  of  Brooklyn,  expended  during  the  year  .'S2,500,000.  In  these  figures  are  not  included  the  $6,000,0(Kt 
raised  in  the  year  1917-1918  for  Jewish  War  Relief  abroad.  Witliin  the  confines  of  the  metropolis  are 
printed  and  published  57  Jewish  journals — Five  dailies,  28  weeklies,  11  montlili.os,  1  bi-monthly.  1  quarterly, 
1  annual,  10  occasional  publications.  Of  these,  23  are  published  in  English,  3  In  Hebrew,  2  in  Judeo-Spanish, 
and  29  in  Yiddish.  The  great  majority  of  American  Jews  live  in  cities  or  towns,  there  being  only  about 
20,000  Jewish  farmers  and  other  agriculturists  la  the  United  States;  and  even  most  of  these  20,000  reside 
in  Utile  centers."     He  estimates  the  Jewish  population  of  the  large  cities  as  follows. 


Place. 

Popula'n 

Place. 

Popula'n 

Place. 

Popula'n 

PLACE. 

FojJUla'D 

New  York: 

Manlmttau. . 
•-  Bronx 

BrookljTi 

Queens 

Richmond . . . 

695,000 

210,000 

567,000 

23,000 

5,000 

Cleveland 

Boston 

Baltimore 

St.  Louis 

Pittsburgh 

Newark 

Detroit 

San  Francisco. . 

Cincinnati 

Buffalo 

100,000 
77,500 
60,000 
60,000 
60,000 
65,000 
50,000 
30,000 
25,000 
20,000 

Rochester 

Milwaukee.  .  .  . 

New  Haven 

Los  A  ngeles 

Hartford 

Minneapolis.  .  . 

Patcrsou 

Providence .... 
Jersey  City. . . . 
Bridgeport .... 

20,000 
20,000 
18,000 
18,000 
16,000 
16,000 
15,000 
15,000 
12,500 
12,000 

Kansas  City . . . 

Syracuse 

Denver 

Washington.. . . 

Atlanta 

Indianapolis.  .. 

Worcester 

St.  Paul 

Omaha 

12,000 
12,000 
11,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 

Total 

Chicago 

Philadelphia..  . 

1,500,000 
225,000 
200,000 

Chelsea,  Mass.,  has  a  general  population  of  46,000,  and  contains  13,000  Jews,  or  a  Jewish  population 
of  28  per  cent.     Uosenhayn,  N.  J.,  has  a  general  population  of  600,  and  contains  300  Jews,  or  a  Jewish 
population  of  50  pel'  cent.,  v/hlle  Carmel,  N.  J.,  has  a  general  {lopulatlon  of  750,  and  contains  450  Jews, 
Dr  a  Jewish  population  of  60  per  cent.     W^oodblne,  N.  J..  Is  practically  entirely  Jewish  in  population. 
JKWISH    POPULATION    OF   UNITED    STATES,    BY    STATES. 


State. 

Popula'n 

.STATE. 

Popula'n 

STATE. 

Popula'n 

STATE. 

Poiula'n 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

11,086 

1,013 

5,012 

63,652 

14,565 

66,862 

3,806 

10,000 

6,451 

22,310 

1,078 

246,637 

25,833 

15,555 

9,450 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts.. 

Michigan 

M  innesota 

Mississippi.  .  .  . 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

N.  Hampshire.. 
New  Jersey. . .  . 
Now  Mexico. .  . 

13,362 

12,723 

*.  7,387 

62,64:2 

189,671 

63,254 

31,462 

3,881 

80,807 

2,518 

13,547 

503 

3,257 

149,476 

858 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota. 
Ohio 

1,603,923 

4,916 

1,492 

166,361 

6,186 

9.767 

322,406 

20,502 

4,816 

1.262 

14,034 

30,839 

3,737 

2,221 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia. . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Porto  Rico .... 

Alaska 

Canal  Zone. . . . 
Philippine  Isls.. 
Virgin  Islands. . 

15,403 
0,117 
5.129 

28  583 

Colorado 

Connecticut . . . 

Delaware 

Dist.  of  Col.... 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.  . 
Rhode  Island .  . 
South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota. . 

Tennessee 

Te.'ias 

Utah 

Vermont 

498 
200 
600 
200 
500 
70 
X 

IlUnois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Hawaii 

ToUl 

160 

3,390,572 

JEWS    IN    THE    WO^LD. 

(Summai'lzed  from  the  latest  editions  of  the  English  and  American  Jewish  Year  Boolis.) 
Europe 10,891,917  Africa 359,722  Austraiasbi • 


A.sia . 


357,070  America 3,496,225      Grand  totaJ 15,U'4.349 


10,415 


NUMBER   OF   JEWS 

,   AND 

PER   CENT.    OF   TOTAL   POP.,   BY   CHIEF  COUNTRIE 

S. 

COUXTP.IES. 

Year. 

Jewish 
Popula- 
tion. 

«  of 
Total 
Pop. 

Countries. 

Year. 

Jewish 
Popula- 
tion. 

'A  oi 
Total 
Pop. 

EUllOl'E. 

Austria-Hungary 

1910 
1910 
1913 
1911 
1910 
1913 
1911 
1910 
1915 
1913 
1913 

2,258,262 

15,000 

67.650 

100,000 

615,021 

88,787 

1    34,324 

106,309 

239,967 

3,946,090 

45,000 

4,000 

19,023 

75,000 

263,648 

17,287 

:  110,000 
4,000 

4.42 
.2 

1.42 
.25 
.95 

1.88 
.99 

1.79 

3.19 

4.07 
.98 
.02 
.61 

4.0 
.56 

.30 

1.22 
.02 

JJOETH  a:<ierica. 
Canada 

1911 
1912 
1918 

1916 

1912 
1911 

75,681 

500 

3.300,000 

18,316 

10,842 
20,980 
85,000 
40,000 

177.600 

25.000 
70,271 
38,635 
103.712 
18.860 
64.664 
47,000 

1  0 

Belgium 

Mexico 

003 

Bulgaria 

United  St.at'^s 

3  2 

France 

A.SI.i. 

Afghanlst.aii  and  Tm-kesian. 
Dutch   East   Indies    (Java, 

Germany 

31 

.02 
006 

Greece  (including  Crete) . . . 
Italy . .' 

Netherlands 

India 

Rouniania 

Palestine  .         

12  00 

Russian  Empire. . . ; 

Persia 

1916 

4  02 

Serbia ". 

Turkey  in  Asia  (other  than 
Pale3t)ue> . 

Spain 

86 

Switzerland ■ 

1910 
1914 
1915 

1911 

1917 
1917 

AFRICA. 

Abysslula 

Turkey  (in  Europe) 

United  Kingdom 

Algeria 

1914 
1907 

igii' 

1914 
1911 

I  2 

AUSTRALASU, 

Egypt 

.34 

Australia 

Morocco 

Tripoli 

2  11 

SOUTH    AlIEEICA. 

3  6 

Argentine  Republic 

Tunis 

3  9 

Brazil., 

Union  of  South  Africa 

78 

Infant  Death  Rate  in  American  Cities  in  1917. 


SOS 


INFANT    DEATH    RATE 

IN    AMERICAN    CITIES    IN 

1917. 

(Compiled  by  the  New  York  Milk  Committee.     The  death  rate  named  is  per 

1,000  living  births.) 

Total 
D'ths, 
1917. 

Gen. 

Deaths 

[nft   Mor- 

Total 
D'ths, 
1917. 

Gen. 

Deaths 

Inf't  Mor- 

City. 

D'th 
Rate 
1917. 

Under  1  Yr. 

tality  Rate 

City. 

D'th 

Under  1  Yr. 

tality  Rat« 

1916. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

City  of  N.  Y. . 

r8,575 

13.7 

12818 

12568 

93.1 

88.8 

Bayonne 

925 

12.8 

231 

238 

94.1 

97.7 

Manhat'nBor. 

36,054 

13.4 

6235 

.5789 

i02.2 

94.0 

Passaic 

855 

11.4 

294 

283 

139.2 

118.1 

Chicago 

Brooklyn  Bor. . 

38,055 
26,933 

14  9 

6907 

6665 

til  9 

106.4 

Covington .... 

984 

118 

119.2 

13.6 

4272 

4286 

87.9 

84.9 

Wichita 

940 

78 

95 

65.4 

70.6 

PhUadelphia. .  . 

29,681 

17.1 

4155 

4617 

101.0 

110.0 

MobUe 

1.171 

19.8 

110 

142 

102.8 

112.7 

St.  Louis 

11,626 

14.17 

1272 

1168 

89.4 

79.7 

Canton.  O .  .  .  . 

1,002 

14.0 

174 

191 

109.1 

98.0 

Boston 

12,728 

16.4 

2055 

1965 

104.9 

98.9 

Bingham  ton. .. 

1.100 

19.7 

210 

173 

139.3 

107.6 

Cleveland 

10,848 

15.7 

2034 

2213 

107.0 

104.9 

Lancaster 

722 

120 

133 

97.5 

99.8 

Baltimore 

11,364 

19.11 

1783 

1783 

118.2 

119.3 

Springfleid.  O. . 

861 

16.4 

96 

111 

80.4 

82.6 

Pittsburgh .... 

10.657 

18.1 

1874 

1944 

113.H 

116.2 

Atlantic  City.. 

677 

11.4 

65 

90 

70.1 

92.2 

Detroit. ...... 

11,758 

14.2 

2732 

2722 

112.8 

103.6 

Rockford 

723 

13.1 

127 

129 

99.2 

loi.a 

Bronx  Bor .... 

8,238 

13.7 

1197 

1342 

74.1 

79.4 

Sacramento .  .  . 

1,220 

109 

89 

82.1 

64.0 

Buffalo 

7,559 

14.21 

1488 

1398 

113.9 

103.7 

Maiden 

581 

11.5 

67 

66 

66.8 

San  Francisco. . 

7,154 

14.3 

601 

588 

79.4 

73.6 

Haverhill 

749 

14.4 

107 

77 

89.2 

60.7 

Milwaukee. . . . 

5,453 

12.4 

1247 

1104 

113.2 

98.5 

Lincoln 

708 

11.8 

97 

93 

80.5 

79.6 

Cincinnati.  . . . 

6,833 

16.5 

732 

688 

97.6 

87.8 

Salem 

604 

112 

104 

99.5 

95.3 

Newark,  N.  J. . 

6,205 

15.3 

1026 

1038 

S9.6 

87.8 

Wheeling 

851 

19.61 

105 

136 

134.8 

143.1 

New  Orleans . . 

7,519 

19.5 

778 

875 

96.6 

113.5 

Berkeley.  Cal.. 

478 

7.3 

34 

33 

47.8 

43.4 

Wash'ton.D.C. 

6,687 

18.4 

766 

708 

105.5 

94.2 

Superior 

425 

9.0 

90 

97 

119.2 

121.9 

Los  Angeles. . . 

6,714 

12.2 

555 

691 

69.4 

82.6 

Newtown.Mass 

514 

11.53 

64 

82 

62.0 

98.4 

MiimeapoUs.. . 

4,412 

11.8 

724 

620 

H7.9 

72.1 

San  Diego 

1,068 

11.6 

77 

61 

69.7 

60.4 

Qvieens  Bo^-o. . . 

5,603 

14.7 

885 

920 

93.6 

91.2 

Kalamazoo 

877 

65 

88 

'/0.2 

85.4 

Jersey  City 

Seattle 

4,832 
2,533 

15.4 
6.9 

810 

797 

119  9 

113  3 

El  Paso 

2,459 

485 

540 

275 

296 

,57.7 

59.4 

Racine 

535 

10.7 

142 

151 

115.6 

129.6 

Indianapolis... 

4,598 

15.3 

487 

672 

86.9 

96.2 

Tampa 

708 

13.6 

136 

109 

107.3 

90.8 

Pro\idence. . . . 

4,008 

15.4 

657 

653 

109.6 

Elmira 

■,     744 

16.9 

92 

84 

93.2 

75.1 

Louisville 

3,904 

439 

408 

10S.4 

110.5 

Galveston 

684 

67 

76 

74.7 

96.8 

Rochester 

3,979 

15.30 

586 

584 

86.0 

84.0 

Quincy,  111 

689 

69 

69 

117.0 

120.4 

St.  Paul 

2,725 

356 

377 

67.8 

73.3 

Hamilton,  O... 

514 

12.43 

74 

99 

83.4 

103.a 

Denver 

3,236 

12.0 

298 

325 

84.3 

85.5 

Springfleld.Mo. 

593 

14.7 

108 

74 

133.0 

107.2 

Portland 

2,427 

221 

254 

.55.1 

62.8 

Lexington ..... 

724 

17.0 

56 

77 

78.4 

116.0 

Columbus 

3,386 

15.3 

390 

385 

89.0 

86.8 

Roanoke 

655 

14.4 

143 

137 

122.3 

111.7 

Toledo 

3,569 

17.66 

594 

540 

111.5 

95.6 

Auburn 

633 

16.4 

73 

69 

85.5 

83.0 

Oakland 

2,199 

10.6 

200 

249 

65.1 

70.9 

East  Orange... 

500 

11.5 

48 

61 

62.2 

75.« 
45.5 

Worcester 

2,790 

14.8 

512 

498 

Everett,  Mass. 

374 

10.6 

67 

60 

67.6 

Syracuse 

2,428 

16.4 

381 

428 

98.9 

101.9 

Oshlcosh 

435 

12.1 

37 

52.9 

New  Haven . . . 
Birmingham..  . 

2,600 
3,841 

16.25 
21.3 

446 

441 

89  4 

83  3 

Cedar  Rap.,  la. 
Chelsea 

473 

11  1 

39 

56 

368 

550 

110.8 

147.5 

432 

8.9 

111 

113 

69.5 

64.7 

Memphis .  .  .  . , 

2,958 

18.0 

268 

344 

116.8 

145.7 

Perth  Amboy.. 

565 

13.4 

186 

192 

118.1 

ia7.tf 

Seranton 

2,244 

328 

475 

85.9 

Jackson 

669 

93 

91 

93.0 

83.8 

Richmond 

2,936 

18.5 

533 

516 

136.3 

134.5 

Jamestown. . .  . 

524 

13.0 

84 

76 

101.6 

88.8 

Pateison 

1,898 

13.5 

310 

261 

107.5 

81.4 

Amsterdam. . . . 

485 

13.7 

107 

89 

106.6 

92.0 

Omjilia 

2,324 

230 

220 

61.8 

59.2 

Mt.  Vernon .  .  . 

418 

10.4 

78 

50 

87.6 

55.9 

Fall  River 

2,117 

16.04 

653 

606 

163.2 

153.8 

Lima.  0 

526 

10.8 

58 

76 

78.7 

85.7 

Dajion 

2,223 

14.7 

303 

306 

98.4 

93.8 

Niagara  Falls. . 

778 

15.56 

194 

203 

131.3 

121.3 

Grand  Rapids. 

1,897 

14.0 

354 

410 

115.4 

134.9 

La  Crosse,  Wis. 

337 

9.0 

35 

31 

49.7 

42.2 

Nashville 

1,977 

15.7 

359 

364 

174.1 

182.2 

Austin,  Tex .  .  . 

764 

78 

92 

182.4 

Lowell 

1,938 

17.95 

483 

459 

141.7 

Aurora,  lU .  .  . . 

552 

58 

87 

67.1 

ioi.i 

Spokane 

1,164 

112 

151 

,57.7 

72.3 

Orange.  N.  J... 

440 

13.0 

71 

66 

91.7 

80.b 

Bridgeport. . . . 

2,202 

12.8 

445 

454 

96.5 

88.3 

Lynchburg 

525 

15.7 

84 

83 

112.8 

Ul.tt 

Albany >. 

2,032 

18.3 

221 

233 

96.9 

103.2 

Colo.  Springs. . 

639 

14.9 

47 

31 

104.7 

61.0 

Hartford 

2,591 

18.53 

397 

441 

101.1 

104.0 

San  Jose 

468 

11.1 

67 

36 

94.9 

70.0 

Trenton 

2,388 

23.1 

464 

430 

124.8 

113.4 

Lorain.  O 

456 

12.0 

171 

115 

181.1 

100.4 

New  Bedford . . 

1,785 

16.1 

485 

495 

1.S2.8 

130.5 

New  Rochelle. . 

358 

10.9 

50 

66 

68.3 

93.2 

Reading 

1,732 

12.8 

446 

397 

174.S 

156.5 

Poughkeepsie. . 

542 

15.8 

88 

90 

116.2 

104.5 

Camden 

1,948 

18.0 

319 

381 

132.0 

136.4 

Norristown.Pa. 

495 

12.02 

79 

111 

120.0 

167.7 

Salt  Lake  City , 

1,390 

11.1 

235 

205 

80.7 

68.0 

Danville,  III. .  . 

512 

56 

53 

86.3 

83.7 

Livnn 

1,260 
1,865 

12.3 
15.93 

187 
311 

171 
325 

80.7 
92.6 

76.7 
93.2 

Waltham 

Newburgh .... 

395 
540 

i9.4' 

25 
64 

51 
55 

38.6 
117.7 

64.9 

Springfield 

95.5 

Wilmington .  . 

1,701 
1,747 
1,397 

312 
231 
359 

93  6 

105.5 
91.2 

Brookline 

Newport 

Watertown .... 

383 

481 

12.4 
13  02 

18 
45 

24 
47 

32.2 

41.2 

Richmond  Bor. 
Lawrence 

17.5 
13.9 

229 
324 

111.6 

557 

20.7 

87 

85 

127.2 

118.7 

Yonkers 

1,200 

12.6 

224 

210 

89.6 

87.9 

Columbia.  S.C. 

546 

13.6 

87 

89 

118.1 

1'23.0 

Yoimgstown. . . 

1.837 

15.3 

430 

497 

1,58.3 

145.9 

Nashua.  N.  H . 

499 

16.6 

106 

90 

117.8 

118.4 

,  Houston 

1,70C 

209 

185 

127.1 

92.1 

Elgin,  111 

322 

12.6 

28 

34 

86.1 

91.4 

Duluth 

1,246 
1,350 
1,067 

296 
135 
136 

130.S 

Kingston 

Ogden.  Utah .  . 
Madison.  Wis. . 

640 
385 
410 

16.7 
11.6 

46 
48 
35 

44 
65 
67 

100.6 
53.6 
45.3 

93.0 

St.  Joseph .... 
Somev\iUe.  . .  . 

11.2 
11.7 

"132 

61. H 

67.6 

59.5 

Troy 

1,653 
1,424 

20.66 
17.2 

127 
269 

201 

258 

94.5 
110.2 

141.3 
100.5 

Chicopee,  Mass 
Green  Baj'.  Wis. 

425 
546 

14.1 

154 
125 

141 
115 

113.0 
166.0 

98.1 

Utlca 

157.7 

Elizabeth 

1,222 

13.53 

226 

277 

94.1 

110.8 

Ft.  Smith,  Ark. 

479 

60 

86 

98.1 

132.8 

Schenectady. . . 

1,002 

12.0 

166 

230 

77.7 

95.7 

Alameda 

291 

10.3 

20 

17 

50.9 

40.7 

Hoboken 

1,014 

13.52 

133 

176 

77.1 

96.5 

Cumberland . . . 

314 

11.70 

80 

68 

113.8 

88.8 

Manchester. . . 

1,298 

334 

351 

1.55.2 

155.9 

Montclair 

296 

11.2 

32 

35 

60.9 

65.8 

Akron 

2,025 

13.5 

337 

397 

90.2 

84.0 

Concord,  N.  H. 

490 

14.4 

28 

38 

76.7 

97.9 

Peoria  

1,247 
1,300 

15.0 

138 
255 

139 
210 

173.8 
1 13.3 

157.2 
84.5 

Burlington .... 
Raleigh 

416 
576 

18.8 

80 
73 

61 
80 

125.6 
132.5 

100.3 

Erie,  Pa 

148.1 

Savannah 

1,468 

17.9 

223 

224 

125.6 

130.5 

Boise,  Idaho. . . 

19S 

7.6 

27 

29 

65.8 

98.0 

Harri-sburg. . . , 
Fort  Wayne. . . 

1.153 
987 

14.5 
12.5 

153 
108 

139 
123 

104.2 
62.2 

83.0 
73.8 

Fargo.  N.  D... 
Sioux  Falls 

216 
298 

37 

21 

'99.5 

94.6 

40 

54.8 

Portland,  Me. . 

145 
296 

"252 

101.9 
181. 6 

i37.6 

Rutland,  Vt. . . 
Reno,  Nev .... 

252 
239 

iilo' 

31 
15 

30 
21 

92.5 
67.2 

106.4 

Holyoke 

1,135 

17.8 

83.7 

Jacksonville. .  . 
Brockton.  .... 

1,545 
746 

19.5 
U.O 

129 
138 

186 
100 

85  7 

122  5 

Aberdeen.  S.D. 

230 

12 

18 

93:8 

63.'9 

S04 


Shipbuilding  Terms. 


SHIPBUILDINC    TERIWS. 

(From  a  Bulletin  ol  the  United  States  Emergency  Fleet  Corpoiution.) 


Aft — at.  near,  or  toward  the  stern. 

After   Perpendicular — a   vertical   straight   line  at 

the  alter  edge  ol  the  rudder  post. 
Anchor — a  heavy  steel  device  attached  to  the  end 

of  a  chain  or  hawser  for  holding  the  ship  in  posi- 
tion when  not  alongside  dock. 
Athwartships — across  the  ship,  at  right  angles  to 

the  keel. 
Ballast — any  weight  or  weights  (usually  sea  water) 

used  to  keep  the  ship  from  becoming  "top  heavy." 
Beam — an  athwartshlp  member  supporting  a  por- 
tion of  a  deck.    Also  the  width  of  the  ship. 
Below — below  a  deck  or  decks   (corresponding  to 

"down  stairs"). 
Berth — a  place  for  a  ship.  ■ 
Bilge — ^the  roimded  portion  of  the  hull  between  the 

side  and  bottom. 
Bilges — the  lowest  portion  of  the  ship  inside  of  t!ic 

hull. 
Bilge  Keel — a  fore  and  aft  member  fitted  to  the 

outside  of  the  shell  plating  running  along  the  bilge, 

used  to  prevent  excessive  rolling  of  the  ship. 
Bitts — heavy  steel  castings  fitted  to  the  weather 

deck  for  securing  mooring  lines  or  hawsers. 
Boom — a  long,  round,  heavy  spar,    pivoted  at  one 

end,  usually  used  for  hoisting  cargo,  &c. 
Boss — the  curved  swelling  portion  of  the  ship's  hull 

ai'ound  the  propeller  shaft. 
Bow — the  forward  end  of  a  ship. 
Bridge — the     athwartship     platforai      above     tlie 

weather  declc  from  wliich  the  gliip  is  navigated. 
Bulkhead — a    vertical    partition    extending    either 

athwartships  or  fore  and  aft. 
Bulwark — the  ship's  side  above  the  weather  deck. 
Bunker — a  compartment  used  for  the, stowage  of 

coal  or  other  fuel. 
Buoyancy — ability  to  float. 
Camber— the    athwartshlp    curvature    of   a   deck. 

Sometimes  called  round  up. 
Calk — to  make  a  Joint  water  tight. 
Capstan — a  revolving  device,  with  axis    vertical, 

used  for  heaving  in  lines. 
Centre  Line — the  middle  line  of  the  siilp,  from  stem 

to  stern. 
Chock — a   heavy   fitting   through    which    ropes   or 

hawsers  may  be  led. 
Cleat — a  fitting  attached  to  the  deck,  having  two 

fore  and  aft  arms  around  which  a  ropt;  may  be 

secured. 
Coaming — the  vertical   boundary   of   a   hatch   or 

skylight. 
Cofferdam — the    space     between     two     bulkheads 

located  very  close  together. 
Davit — heavy   vertical    pillar   of   which    the   upper 

end  is  bent  to  a  curve,  used  to  support  the  end  of 

a  boat  when  hoisting  or  lowering. 
Deadweight — the   total   weight   of   cargo,    &c. 
Deck — the  part  of  a  ship  that  corresponds  to  the 

floor  of  a  building. 
Displacement — the  total  weight  of  the  ship  when 

afloat,  Including  everytliing  on  board. 
Dog — a  small  bent  metal  fitting  used  to  close  doors. 

hatch   covers,   manhole   covers,   &c. 
Double  Bottom-Compartments  at  bottom  of  ship 

between  inner  and  outer  bottoms,  used  for  ballast 

tanks,  water,  fuel,  oil,  &c. 
Drag — the  amount  that  one  end  of  the  keel  is  below 

the  other  when  the  ship  is  afloat  but  not  on  an 

even  keel. 
Draft — the  vertical  distance  of  the  lowest  part  of 

the  ship  below  the  surface  of  the  water  afloat. 
Even  Keel — a  ship  is  said  to  be  on  even  keel  when 

the  keel  is  level,  or  parallel  to  the  water. 
Falrlead — a  small  fitting  through  which  a  rope  may 

be  led  so  as  to  change  its  direction  without  ex- 
cessive friction. 
Fender — a  device  to  prevent  damage  to   a  ship's 

hull  at  or  near  the  waterline  by  other  vessels,  &c. 
Fldley  Hatch-hatch  around  smokestack  and  uptake. 
Fore  and  Aft — in  line  with  the  length  of  the  ship, 

longitudinally. 
Forecastle — the  forward  upper  portion  of  the  hull, 

usually  the  crew's  quarters. 
Fore  Peak — a  largo  compartment  or  tank  Just  aft 

of  the  bow  in  the  lower  part  of  the  ship. 
Forward — near  or  toward  the  bow. 
Framing — the  support  and  stiffening  o{   tlis  sliell 

plating,  deck  plating,  &o. 


Freeboard — vertical  distance  from  the  upper  water- 
tight deck  or  top  of  bulwarks  to  waterliup.  v.rhPD 
ship  is  loaded. 

Galley — the  "kitchen"  of  a  ship. 

Gangway — a  passageway  or  other  means  of  board- 
ing a  ship. 

Garboard  Strake— the  strake  of  shell  plating  nest 
to  the  keel. 

Gross  Tonnage — a  figure  obtained  by  dividing  the 
total  volume  of  the  ship,  lu  cubic  feet,  by  100. 

Gudgeon — fitting  on  which  rudder  swings.  The 
gudgeons  fit  around  the  pintles,  and  form  .-i  part 
of  the  rudder  post. 

Gunwale — the  side  of  a  ahlp  at  the  edge  of  the 
weather  deck. 

Hatch — an  opening  in  a  deck. 

Hawse  Pipe — a  large  fitting  attached  to  lh(-  bow 
through  which  the  anchor  chain  passes. 

Hawser — a  large  rop<;. 

Helm — the  direction  to  which  the  tiller  Is  put,  or 
opposite  to  which  (he  rudder  is  put.  (Wbcu  the 
nidder  Is  to  port  the  ship  Is  said  to  carry  starboard 
helm.) 

Hogging — straining  of  the  ship  that  tends  to  make 
tne  bow  and  stern  lower  than  the  middle. 

Hold — a  large  compai'tment  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  ship  for  cargo. 

Hull — the  body  of  a  shin,  Including  shell  plating, 
framing,  decks,  buItheitJa,  &c. 

Inboard — Inside  the  ship,  toward  the  centre  line. 

Jackstaff — flag  pole  at  Dow  of  ehii). 

Keel — the  fore  and  aft  member,  usually  iu  the  form 
of  flat  plates  end  to  end,  extending  from  stem  to 
stern  along  the  bottom  of  a  ship  on  the  centre 
liue. 

Keelson — an  auxiliary  keel  or  stringer,  exieudlng 
along  and  over,  or  parallel  to  the  keel.  The 
centre  vertical  keel. 

Launching — the  operation  of  placing  the  hull  iu 
the  water  by  having  it  slide  down  the  launching 
ways.  DurUig  launching  the  weight  of  the  hull 
Is  borne  by  tbe  sUdiw)  mays  whlclji  are  attached 
to  the  hull  aud  slide  with  it  down  the  ground  tcaus. 

Length  Between  Perpendiculars — the  length  of  a 
ship  moasiu-ed  from  tl»e  stem  to  the  after  per- 
pendicular. 

Length  Over  All — the  length  of  a  ship  measured 
from  the  stem  to  the  aftermost  point  of  the  stern. 

Lines — the  plans  of  a  ship  that  show  Its  form.  From 
the  lines,  drawn  full  size  on  the  mould  loft  floor, 
are  made  templates  of  the  various  parts  of  the  hull. 

Longitudinal — a  fore  and  aft  vertical  member 
running  parallel,  or  nearly  parallel,  to  tbe  centre 
vertical  keel  through  the  double  bottom. 

Magazine — a  compartment  or  room  In  which  am- 
munition Is  stored. 

Main  Deck — tlie  principal  deck  of  the  maj»  hull, 
being  the  highest,  and  giving  strength  to  the 
main  bull. 

Mast — a  large  long  spar,  placed  nearly  vertical  on 
the  centre  line  ol  a  ship. 

Midship — at  the  middle  of  the  ship's  length. 

Mould — a  light  pattern  of  a  part  of  a  ship.  Usually 
made  of  thin  wood  or  paper.  Also  called  .1  itin- 
platc. 

Mooring — securing  a  ahlp' In  position  by  lines  bo 
she  cannot  move  or  swing. 

Net  Tonnage — a  figure  obtained  by  making  deduc- 
tion from  the  gross  tonnage  to  allow  for  space 
not  available  tor  carrying  cargo. 

On  Board — on  or  in  the  ship. 

On  Deck — on  the  upper  deck,  in  the  open  .".ir. 

Orlop  Deck — the  lowest  deck. 

Outboard — away  from  the  centre  Hue,  toward  tbe 
side  of  a  ship. 

Overhang — portion  ol  the  hull  over  and  unsup- 
ported by  the  water. 

Panting — in  and  out  movement  of  shell  plating. 

Pillar — vertical  member  or  column  giving  support 
to  a  deck.     Also  called  stanchion. 

Pintle — fitting  or  pin  on  the  rudder  which  turns  in 
a  gudgeon. 

Platform — a  partial  deck. 

Poop — the  after,  upper  portion  of  the  hull,  usually 
containing  tlie  steering  gear. 

Port — the  I«ft  hand  side  of  the  ship  when  looiiSng 
from  aft  forward.     Also  an  opening. 


Abbreviations  of  Titles  and  Degrees. 


305 


SHIPBUILDING  TERMS — ConlUmed. 


Porthole — a  circular  opening  in  the  ship's  side. 

Propeller — a  revolving  device  that  drives  the  ship 
through  the  water,  consisting  of  three  or  four 
blades,  resembling  in  shape  those  of  an  electric  fan. 

Quadrant — ^a  fitting  on  the  rudder  head  to  which 
the  steering  chains  are  attached. 

Quarter — a  side  of  the  stern. 

Quarter  Deck — that  portion  of  the  weather'  declc 
nearest  the  stern. 

Rail — the  upper  edge  of  the  bulwarks. 

Rigging — ropes,  wire  ropes,  lashings,  <fec.,  use<l  to 
support  masts,  spars,  booms,  &c. 

Rise  of  Bottom — the  amount  that  the  Hat  portion 
of  the  bottom  of  the  ship  rises  from  the  l^eel  to  tlie 
side  of  the  sliip. 

Roll — motion  of  the  ship  from  side  to  side, — alter- 
nately rising  and  lowering  each  side  of  the  deck. 

Rudder — a  large,  heavy  fitting  hinged  to  the  rudder 
post.    Used  for  steering  the  ship. 

Uiidder  Post — heavy  vertical  post  at  after  end  of 
stern  frame  under  water,  whicli  supports  rudder. 

Rudder  Stop — fitting  to  limit  the  swing  of  the 
rudder. 

Sagging — straiuing  of  tlie  ship  that  tends  to  malie 
the  middle  portion  lower  than  the  bow  and  stern. 

Samson  Post — a  heavy  vertical  post  that  supports 
cargo  booms. 

Scantlings — the  dimensions  of  various  parts  of  the 
ship. 

.Scupper — a  drain  from  tlie  edge  of  a  decl<  discharg- 
ing overboai-d. 

Seam — fore  and  aft  Joint  of  slieli  plating. 

Seam  Strap — butt  strop  of  a  scara. 

Shaft — long,  round,  heavy  forging  counecting  en- 
gine and  proi)eller. 

Shaft  Tunnel — inclosed  aliey-way  around  siiaft 
extending  from  engine  room  to  after  peak  tank. 

Sheer — fore  and  aft  curvature  of  a  deck. 

Sheer  Plan-r-eide  elevation  of  ship's  form. 

Sheer  Strake — the  upper  strake  of  the  main  sliell 
plating,  just  below  the  bulwarks. 


Shell  Plating — the  plates  forming  the  outer  skin 

of  the  hull. 
Shore — a  large  round  wooden  brace. 
Spar  Deck — upper  deck. 

Stability — tendency  of  a  ship  to  remain  upright. 
Stanchion — a  pillar  or  upright  post,  a  pillar. 
Starboard — the  right-hand  side  of  the  ship  when 

looking   from   aft  forward.     Opposite  to   port. 
Stealer — a   strake  of  shell   plating   that  does  not 

extend  completely  to  the  l>ow  or  stern. 
Stem — forging  or  casting  forming  extreme  bow  of 

ship,  extending  from  keel  to  forecastle  deck. 
Stern — after  end  of  ship. 
Stern  Frame — iarge  castiBg  attached  to  after  end 

of  keel   to   form  ship's  stem.     Includes  rudder 

post,  propeller  post,  and  aperture  for  propeller. 
Strake — a  fore  and  aft  course  or  row  of  shcl!  or 

other  plating. 
Stringer — a  fore  and  aft  continuous  member  used 

to  give  longitudinal  strength. 
Tank  Top — the  inner  bottom. 
Template — a  mould. 
Tie  Plate — a  single  fore  and  aft  course  of  plating 

attached  to  deck  beams  under  wood  deck  to  give 

extra  strength. 
Tiller — arm  attached  to  rudder  head  lor  operating 

rudder. 
Transom — the  aftermost  transverse  frame. 
Transverse— athwartships,   at  right  angles  to   tlie 

keel. 
Transverse    Frames — vertical    athwartehip    mem- 
bers forming  the  ship's  "ribs." 
Trim — amount  ship  is  oft  from  an  even  keel. 
Tumble  Home — an  intmard  sloping  of  the  ship's 

side  above  the  level  of  greatest  beam. 
Upper  Deck — the  highest  complete  deck. 
Vertical  Keel — row  of  plating  extending  vertically 

along  centre  of  flat  plate  keel.    Sometimes  called 

Water  Line — the  line  of  the  water's  edge  when  the 

sliip  is  afloat. 
Weather  Deck — a  deck  with  no  overhead  protection. 
Winch — a  small  hoisting  engine. 
Windlass — the  machine  used  to  hoist  the  anchors. 
Yard — a  horizontal,  thwartahlo,  spar  fitted  to  a  mast. 


RAILROAD 

TRAIN    SPEED 

. 

Time,  1 

MlIiE. 

Miles, 

Per 
Hour. 

Time,  1 
Mile. 

Miles, 

Per 
Hour. 

TIMK,    1 

Mile. 

Miles, 

Pfer 
Hour. 

Time,  1 

MUiE. 

Miles. 

Per 

Hour. 

TIME,    1 

Mile. 

^ii!es, 
Per 

Min. 

Sec. 

Mlu. 

Sec. 

Min. 

Sec. 

Min. 

Sec. 

Min. 

Sec. 

Hour. 

0 

36 

100.00 

0 

53 

67.92 

10 

61.43 

27 

41.38 

44 

34.61 

0 

37 

97.30 

0 

54 

66.66 

11 

50.70 

28 

40.91 

45 

34.29 

0 

38 

94.74 

0 

55 

65.45 

12 

50.00 

29 

40.45 

46 

33.96 

0 

39 

92.31 

f) 

56 

64.29 

13 

49.31 

30 

40.00 

47 

33.64 

0 

40 

90.00 

0 

57 

63.16 

,   1 

14 

48.66 

31 

39.56 

48 

33.33 

0 

41 

87.80 

0 

68 

62.07 

15 

48.00 

32 

39.13 

49 

33.03 

0 

42 

85.71 

0 

69 

61.02 

16 

47.37 

33 

38.71 

50 

32.73 

0 

43 

83.72 

00 

60.00 

17 

46.74 

34 

38.29 

51 

32.43 

0 

44 

81.82 

01 

69.02 

18 

46.16 

35 

37.89 

52 

32.14 

0 

46 

80.00 

02 

68.06 

19 

45.67 

36 

37.50 

63 

31.86 

0 

46 

78.26 

03 

57.14 

20 

45.00 

37 

37.11 

54 

31.68 

0 

47 

76.69 

04 

56.25 

21 

44.44 

38 

36.73 

65 

31.30 

H 

48 

75.00 

05 

65.38 

22 

43.90 

39 

.36.36 

66 

31.03 

49 

73.47 

06 

54.55 

23 

43.37 

40 

36.00 

57 

30.77 

0 

60 

72.00 

07 

53.73 

24 

42.86 

41 

35.64 

58 

30.51 

0 

51 

70.69 

08 

52.94 

25 

42.35 

X 

42 

35.29 

59 

30.25 

0 

52 

69.23 

09 

62.17 

26 

41.86 

43 

34.96 

2 

00 

30.00 

ABSREVIATIONS    OF    TITLES    AND 


A.  R.  A. — Associate  of  the  Royal 
Academy. 

B.  A. — Bachelor  of  Arts. 
Bart. — Baronet . 

B.  D. — Bachelor  of  Divinity. 

B.  So. — Bachelor  of  Science. 

C.  B. — Companion  of  the  Bath. 
C.  E. — Civil  Engineer 

C.  I.  E. — Companion  of  Order  of 

Indian  Empire. 
C.  J. — Chief  Justice. 
C.  M.  G. — Companion  of  Order  of 

St.  Michael  and  St.  George. 

C.  V.  O. — Companion  of  Victorian 
Order. 

D.  D. — Doctor  of  Divinity. 
n.  So. — Doctor  of  Science. 

D.    S.    O. — Dtstlnguishe<l    Service 
Order. 


F.  R.  G.  S.— Fellow  of  the  Royal 

Geographical  Society. 
F.    R.    S. — Fellow    of    the   Royal 

Society. 
J.  P. — Justice  iif  the  Peace. 
K.  C. — King's  Counsel. 
K.  C.  B. — Knight  Commander  of 

the  Bath. 
K.  C.  M.  G. — Knight  Commander 

of  Order  of  St.  Michael  and  St. 

George. 
K.  C.  V.  O. — Knight  Commander 

of  the  Victorian  Order. 
K.  G. — Knight  of  the  Garter. 
L.  H.  D. — Doctor  of  Humanities. 
LL.  B. — Bachelor  of  Laws. 
LL.  D. — Doctor  of  Laws. 
Litt.  D. — Doctor  of  Literature. 


DECREES. 

M.  A. — Master  of  Arts. 
M.  C. — Member  of  Congress. 
M.  D. — Doctor  of  Medicine. 
M.  P. — Member  of  Parliament. 
M.  V.  O. — Member  of  the  Victor- 

iau  Order. 
N.  A.— National  Academician. 
O.  M.— Order  of  Merit. 
P.  C. — Privy  Councilor. 
Ph.  D. — Doctor  of  Philosophy. 
R.  A. — Royal  Academician. 
S.  J. — Society  of  Jesus. 
S.     T.     D. — ^Doctor     oJ     Sacred 

Theology. 
U.  S.  A. — United  States  Army. 
U.  S.  N. — United  States  Navy. 
V.  C. — Victoria  Cross. 


306 


Lighthouses  on  the  American  Coast. 


LIGHTHOUSES    ON    THE    AMERICAN    COAST. 

(By  the  Lighthouse  Service,  Department  of  Commerce.) 
Illuminating  apparatus  consists  of  a  source  of  light  placed  In  an  optical  apparatus.  Usually,  tor 
the  purpose  of  concentrating  the  light  and  directing  It  toward  the  horizon  or  In  horizontal  beams  to  sweep 
the  horizon,  there  is  an  arrangement  of  lenses,  prisms,  and  reflectors  In  various  combinations.  The  lenses 
act  as  refractors  of  the  light,  and  the  prisms  may  act  as  refractors  or  reflectors,  or  both.  '  The  system  of 
reflectors  is  named  catoptric;  of  refractors,  dioptric;  and  the  combination  of  the  two,  catadioptric.  To 
vary  the  characteristics  of  lights,  there  are  flashing  and  occulting  mechanisms  by  which  lens  panels  or  screens 
are  revolved,  or  the  light  is  periodically  obscured  by  shutters,  or,  in  the  case  of  gas  or  electric  lights,  the 
sappij'  of  gas  or  current  is  cut  off.  Lights  are  also  distinguished  by  the  number  of  lights  or  by  showing 
either  a  fixed  color  over  a  definite  area  or  a  colored  flash,  this  being  effected  by  the  use  of  colored  glass. 
The  source  of  light  for  the  greater  number  of  lights  is  a  special  form  of  kerosene-oil  wick  lamp,  but  in  recent 
years  other  more  powerful  lamps  and  illuminants  have  been  introduced.  The  oil-vapor  lamp,  burning 
vaporized  kerosene  oil  lAder  an  Incandescent  mantle,  gives  a  much  more  powerful  light.  Oil  or  Plntsch 
gas  13  extensively  used,  particularly  for  lighted  buoys.  Acetylene  gas  is  used  for  lighted  buoys  and  unat- 
tended lighted  beacons.  Electric  arc  lights,  electric  Incandescent  lights,  and  coal-gas  lights  are  used  In 
special  Instances. 

Character  of  lights — In  order  to  avoid  the  likelihood  of  confusion  between  lights,  endeavor  is  made 
to  give  the  lights  distinct  characteristics.  As  much  of  the  coast  was  lighted  before  the  Introduction  of 
modern  lighthouse  apparatus,  the  lights  were  originally  mostly  fixed  lights;  the  more  important  of  these 
have  been  replaced  by  flashing  or  occulting  apparatus,  and  such  improvements  will  be  continued.  The 
char.ictsristics  of  the  lights  are  indicated  by  abbreviations,  as  follows: 


1.;g!(ts  Which  Do  Not 
Change  Color. 


F.  =  Fixed 

Fl.  =  Flashing. 


F.  Fl.  =  Fixed  and  flashing. . 
\ 

Gp.  Fl.  =  Group  flashing 

Occ.  =  Occulting 

Gi>.  Occ.  =  Group  occulting. 


Characteristic  Phases. 


A  continuous  steady  light 

(a)  Showing  a  single  flash  at  regular  intervals. 

(0)  A  steady  light  with  total-eclipses. 

A  fixed  light  varied  at  regular  intervals  by  one  or 
more  flashes,  usually  of  greater  brilliancy.  A 
flash  is  preceded  and  followed  by  a  diminution 
of  light  or  an  eclipse. 

Showing  at  regular  intervals  groups  of  flashes .... 

A  steady  light  suddenly  and  totally  eclipsed  at 

regular  Intervals. 
A  steady  light  suddenly  and  totally  eclipsed  by  a 

group  of  two  or  more  eclipses. 


Lights  Which  Do  Change 

Color  (Showing  Alternately 

White  and  Red  in  Various 

Combinations). 


Alt.  =  Alternating. 

Alt.  Fl.  =  Alternating 

flashing. 
Alt.    F.    Fl.  =  Alternating 

fixed  and  flashing. 


Alt.  Gp.  Fl.  =  Alternat- 
ing group  flashing. 

Alt.  Occ.  =  Alternating 
occulting. 


W  =  White;    R  =  Red;    G  =  Green. 

A  flash  Is  always  shorter  than  the  duration  of  an  eclipse.  An  oecultation  is  shorter  than,  or  equal  to, 
the  duration  of  light.  Lights  are  characterized  as  flashing  or  occulting  solely  according  to  the  relative 
durations  of  light  and  darkness,  and  without  reference  to  the  type  of  illuminating  apparatus  employed  or 
relative  brilliancy.  In  approaching  a  light  of  varying  intensity,  such  as  fixed  varied  by  flashes,  or  alter- 
nating white  and  red,  due  allowance  must  be  made  for  the  inferior  brightness  of  the  less  powerful  part  of 
the  light.  The  first-named  light  may,  on  accoimt  of  distance  or  haze,  show  flashes  only  and  the  true  char- 
acteristic will  not  be  observed  until  the  obser\ter  comes  within  the  range  of  the  fixed  light;  similarly  the 
second  named  may  show  as  occulting  white  until  the  observer  comes  within  the  range  of  the  red  light.  Also, 
where  there  are  two  fixed  lights,  one  white  and  one  red,  the  latter  may  be  obscured,  and  the  station  may 
appear  to  show  only  a  fixed  white  light.  At  short  distances  and  in  clear  weather  flashing  lights  may  show 
a  faint  continuous  light. 

Visibility  of  lights — The  distances  given  in  this  list  at  which  lights  of  sufficient  power  may  be  seen 
in  clear  weather  are  computed  In  statute  miles  for  a  height  of  the  observer's  eye  of  fifteen  feet  above  the 
water  level.  These  distances  may  at  times  be  increased  by  abnormal  atmospheric  refraction,  and  of  course 
may  be  greatly  lessened  by  imlavorable  weather  conditions,  due  to  fog,  rain,  haze,  or  smoke.  Weak  lights 
and  colored  lights  are  easily  obscured  by  such  conditions.  Under  certain  atmospheric  conditions,  especially 
with  the  more  powerful  lights,  the  glare  of  the  light  may  be  visible  beyond  the  computed  geographic  range 
of  the  light.  When  approaching  a  light  it  evidently  may  be  seen  earlier  from  aloft.  The  table  below  gives 
the  approximate  geographic  range  of  visibility  for  an  object  which  may  be  seen  by  an  observer  whose  eye 
is  at  lake  level;  In  practice,  therefore.  It  is  necessary  to  add  to  these  a  distance  of  visibility  corresponding  to 
the  height  of  the  observer's  eye  above  lake  level.  In  some  Instances  the  actual  or  luminous  range  given  In 
the  Light  List  may  be  less  than  the  geographic  range  because  the  light  is  not  of  sufflcient  power  to  be  seen 
10  the  limit  of  the  geographic  range. 

DISTANCES  OF  VISIBILITY  FOR  OBJECTS  OF  VARIOUS  ELEVATIONS  ABOVE  LAKE  LEVEL. 


Height, 
i.v  Feet. 

Distance, 

in  Statute 

Miles. 

Height, 
IN  Feet. 

Distance. 

in  Statute 

Miles. 

Height, 
IN  Feet. 

Distance, 

In  Statute 

Miles. 

Height, 

in  Feet 

Distance, 

in  Statute 

Miles. 

Height, 
IN  Feet. 

Distance, 

in  Statute 

Miles, 

5 

2.96 

45 

8.87 

85 

12.20 

150 

16.20 

550 

31.02 

10 

4.18 

50 

9.35 

90 

12.55 

200 

18.71    ' 

600 

32.40 

15 

5.12 

55 

9.81 

95 

12.89 

250 

20.92 

650 

33.73 

20 

5.92 

60 

10.25 

100 

13.23 

300 

22.91 

700 

35.00 

25 

6.61 

65 

10.67 

110 

13.87 

350 

24.75 

800 

37.42 

30 

7.25 

70 

11.07 

120 

14.49 

400 

26.46 

900 

39.69 

35 

7.83 

75 

11.46  ; 

130 

15.08 

450 

28.06 

1,000 

41.83 

40 

8.37 

80 

11.83 

140 

15.65 

500 

29.58 

Example. — Twin  River  Point  Light  seen  Just  at  the  horizon,  what,  under  ordinary  conditions  of  the 
atmosphere,  is  its  distance  from  the  observer? 

Height  (according  to  Light  List),  110  feet;  distance  visible  (according  to  table),  13.87  statute  miles; 
add  distance  corresponding  to  height  of  observer's  eye  above  lake  level,  15  feet  =  5.12  statute  miles;  distance 
of  light,  18.99  statute  miles. 

Distances  corresponding  to  heights  not  included  in  the  table  may  be  found  approximately  by  the  for- 
mula D=  M  sq.  rt,  of  seven  times  the  height,  in  feet,  of  the  object  above  lake  level,  and  D  =  the  correspond- 
ing distance  of  visibility,  in  statute  miles.  The  formula  is  based  on  the  mean  curvature  of  the  earth  and  Is 
corrected  tor  ordinary  atmospheric  refraction,  and  should  be  used  only  for  moderate  distances  and  eleva- 
iions. 


Passengers  Carried  By  Panama  R.  R.  Steamship  Liiie  in  1917.  307 

LIGHTHOUSES.  ON  THE  AMERICAN  COAST— Contimted, 

•  Caadlepowers  of  lights  are  stated  approximately  in  Euglisb  candles,  but  the  intensity  of  the  light  as 
seen  trom  a  vessel  may  be  greatly  lessened  or-the  light  may  be  made  invisible  by  unfavorable  conditions 
Sue  to  fog,  haze,  rain,  or  smoke.  When  the  power  of  a  light  varies,  as  in  the  case  of  a  white  light  with  a 
red  sector,  or  a  fixed  light  varied  by  flashes,  the  candlepower  of  both  whlt«  and  rod,  or  fixed  light  and  flash, 
l8  given.  The  candiepowers  now  given  In  the  list  are  in  general  estimated,  and  are  subject  to  future  revision. 
In  many  cases  the  candiepowers  now  stated  are  less  than  those  formerly  given,  due  to  ratings  based  on  actual 
measurements  aud  not  to  any  reduction  in  the  intensities  of  the  lights. 

Light  sectors — In  some  conditions  of  the  atmosphere  wlilte  lights  may  have  a  reddish  hue:  the  mariner, 
therefore,  should  not  trust  solely  to  color  where  there  are  sectors,  but  should  verify  the  position  by  taking 
a  bearing  of  the  light.  On  either  side  of  the  Hue  of  demarcation  between  white  and  red  there  is  always 
a  small  sector  of  uncertain  color;  in  flashing  lights  with  revolving  illuminating  apparatus  this  sector  increases 
with  the  width  of  the  fl.ash  panels  and  is  therefore  usually  greatest  In  the  case  of  the  more  brilliant  flashing 
lights.  It  should  also  be  remembered  that  the  edges  of  a  sector  of  visibility  cannot  be  cut  off  sharply,  and 
that  instead  of  suddenly  disappearing  the  light  lades  gradually  away  after  the  lin«  given  as  the  limit  of 
visibility  has  been  crossed,  and  that  the  fading  will  be  more  gradual  in  the  cases  of  flashing  lights,  as  stated 
above.  V/hen  a  light  is  cut  off  by  adjoining  land,  and  the  arc  of  visibility  is  given  in  the  Light  List  or  Chart, 
it  must  be  remembered  that  the  bearing  on  which  the  light  disappears  will,  in  many  cases,  vary  with  the 
distance  of  the  ship  observing  it.  When  the  light  Is  cut  off  by  a  sloping  point  of  land  or  hill  the  light  will 
be  seen  over  a  wider  arc  by  a  ship  far  off  than  by  one  close-to. 

Fog  signals — Mariners  are  cautioned  that,  while  every  endeavor  will  be  made  to  start  fog  signals 
as  soon  as  possible  after  signs  of  fog  have  been  observed,  they  should  not,  when  approaching  the  land  in  a 
fog,  rely  Implicitly  upon  these  fog  signals,  but  should  always  use  the  lead,  which  in  most  cases  will  give  suf- 
ficient waiiiing.  A  fog  often  creeps  imperceptibly  toward  the  land  and  a  vessel  may  have  been  in  It  some 
time  before  it  is  observed  at  a  lighthouse.  As  sound  is  conveyed  irregularly  through  the  atmosphere,  mar- 
iners are  strongly  cautioned  that  they  must  not  place  dependence  on  judging  their  distance  from  a  fog  signal 
by  the  power  of  the  sound.  Under  certain  conditions  of  the  atmosphere  the  sound  may  be  lost  a  short 
distance  from  the  station,  as  there  may  be  silent  areas  or  zones,  or  the  soimd  may  carry  much  farther  in 
one  direction  than  in  another,  and  these  conditions  may  vary  in  the  same  locality  within  short  Intervals 
of  time.  M.ariners  must  never  assume  that  the  fog  signal  is  not  In  operation  because  they  do  not  hear  It, 
even  when  in  close  proximity.  The  above  applies  particularly  to  fog  signals  sounded  In  air,  as  steam  or 
air  whistles,  sirens,  horns,  or  ordinary  bells.  Attention  should  be  given  to  observing  a  fog  signal  in  positions 
where  the  noises  of  the  ship  are  least  likely  to  interfere  with  the  hearing,  as  experience  shows  that  though 
such  a  signal  may  not  be  heard  from  the  deck  or  bridge  when  the  engines  are  running.  It  may  be  heard  when 
the  ship  is  stopped  or  from  a  quiet  position;  It  may  sometimes  be  heard  aloft  though  not  on  deck. 

Time  of  extinguishing  lights  In  the  winter  and  relighting  them  in  the  spring — All  lights  of  the 
United  States  on  the  northern  lakes  and  rivers  and  adjacent  navigable  waters  will  be  exhibited  from  sunset 
to  sunrise  at  all  seasons  when  vessels  can  enter  the  ports  or  are  navigating  in  their  vicinity.  The  dates  of 
discontinuing  and  relighting  lights  will  vary  with  the  seasons,  but  keepers  will  be  careful  to  exhibit  lights 
whenever  of  use  to  navigators.  Some  of  the  lights  are  maintained  throughout  the  year.  All  gas  buoys 
and  light  vessels  are  placed  on  their  stations  as  early  as  practicable  in  the  spring  and  are  replaced  by  un- 
lighted  buoys  In  the  fall  when  endangered  by  ice  conditions. 


LIGHT    SKiPS. 

THE  light  ships  mostly  mark  shoals,  and  have  small  candle  power  and  low  vtslbillty,  compared  with 
the  primary  coast  lights.  There  are  several  exceptions.  The  Ambrose  Channel  Ught  vessel,  in  13  fathoms, 
off  entrance  to  New  York  Bay,  h.os  60,000  candle  power;  but  usually  the  candle  power  ranges  300-400. 
Following  is  a  list  of  these  craft,  with  their  location,  kind  of  light  and  depth  of  water  In  fathoms  (Indicated 
by  final  figures). 


ATLANTIC  COAST. 

Maine — Portland,  occ.  w.,  2  sec,  f.  r.,  25. 

Massachusetts — Boston,  f.  w.,  18;  Pollock  Rip  Slue, 
f.  w.,  f.  r.,  7^1;  Pollock  Rip,  2  f.  r.,  5}i;  Stone 
House  Shoal,  f.  w.,  4}^;  Handkerchief,  fl.  w.,  3 
sec,  8H;  Great  Round  Shoal,  2  f.  w.,  12;  Nan- 
tucket Shoals,  occ.  w.,  15  sec,  30;  Cross  Rip, 
fl.  r.,  3  sec,  7;  Hedge  Fence,  2  f.  w.,  9;  Vineyard 
Souud  (Sow  and  Pigs),  2  f.  r.,  17;  Hen  and  Chick- 
ens, f.  w.,  10. 

Rhode  Island — Brentou  Reef,  2  f.  w.,  14. 

Connecticut — Ram  Island  Reef,  f.  w.,  10;  Bartlett 
Reef,  2  f.  w.,  11;  Cornfleld  Point,  occ.  w.,  2  sec,  27. 

New  York — Fire  Island,  occ  w.,  30  sec,   16; 

New  Jersey — Ambrose  Channel,  occ.  w.,  15  sec, 
13;  Scotland  Light,  gp.,  fl.  w.,  18  sec,  f.  r.  on  mast, 
10  ^^;  Northeast  End  5,  Fathom  Bank,  occ,  w., 
■  2  seq.,  14;  5-Fathom  Bank,  2  f.  w.,  15  H- 

Delaware — Overfalls,  entrance  Delaware  Bay,  2 
occ  w.,  15  sec,  11;  Fennick  Island  Shoal,  f.  w., 
f.  r.,  14. 

VlriJinla — Winter-quarter  Shoal,  gp.,  3.  w.,  20  eec, 
12;  Cape  Charles,  occ.  w.,  4  sec,  6^ :  Tail  of  Horse 
Shoe,  2  f.  w.,  6;  Bush  Bluff,  fl.  w.,  10  sec,  5; 
35-Fcot  Chaunelrf.  w.,  f.  r.,  6}4. 

North  Carolina — Diamond  Shoal,  2  occ.  w.,  30  sec, 
30:'  C'ape  Lookout  S.Hoals,  f.  w.,  f.  r.,  15;  l^^-ymg- 
Pllt!  Sboflis.   f.  w.,    10. 


South  Carolina — Charleston,  2  gp.;  fl.  w.,  6  Jsec, 
634;  Martin's  Industry,  f.  w.,  f.  r.,  8%. 

Georgia — Brunswick,  go.,  fl.  w.,  20  sec,  8M- 
GULF. 

Louisiana — Southwest  Pass,  Mississippi  River, 
gp.,  fl.  w.,  15  sec,  17. 

Texas — Heald  Bank,  2  f.  w.,  7. 
PACIFIC. 

Catifornla — San  Francisco,  fl.  w.,    15  sec,   18. 

Oregon — Columbia  River,  2  f.  w.,   35. 

Washington — Umatilla  Reef,  2  f.  w.,  25;  Swlftsure 
Bank  (Juan  de  Fuca  Strait),  f.  w.,  f.  r.,  26. 

British  Columbia — Sand  Heads,  entrance  Fraser 
River,  2  f.  w.,  16. 

GREAT  LAKES. 
(Depth  of  water  is  in  feet.) 

Lake  Erie — North  side-Southeaat  Shoal,  occ.  w., 
6  sec,  39. 

Detroit  River — Bar  Point  Shoal,  Mich.,  f.  w.,  23. 

Lake  St.  Clair — Lalce  St.  Clair,  f.  w.,  20. 

Lake  Huron-Lake  Huron  (south  end  Of  lake), 
f.  w.,  20;  Poe  Reef,  Mackinac  Straits,  gp.,  il  w., 
JO  sec,  30.  ^      . 

Lake  Michigan — Gray's  Reef,  Mackinac  Straits, 
f.  w.,  20;  North  Manitou  Shoal,  f.  w.,  21;  Mil- 
waukee, gp.,  occ  w.,  15  .sec,  50;  Lansing  Siioal, 
f.  r.,  33;  Eleven-Foot  Shoal,  north  end  Green 
JUy,  f.w.,  60;  Pishtlgo  Reef,  Green  Bay,  f.w.,  72. 


F'ASSEJ^CERS    CARRIED    BY    PANAKSA    R. 

R.    STEAMSHIP    L9NE    IN    1917. 

Month. 

N.  Y.  to 
Cristobal 

Cristobal 
to  N.  Y. 

Month. 

N.  Y.  to 
Cristobal 

Cristobal 
to  N.  Y. 

MONTH. 

N.  Y.  to 
Cristobal 

Cristobal 

to  N..Y. 

January 

February 

258 
-124 
209 
190 
.327 

159 
228 
267 
556 
.494 

June 

472 
387 
403 
487 

rn 

517 
670 
688 
724 
371 

November .... 
December 

Total...  .  .. . 

421 
341 

256 

July 

;      237 

March     

Aprl"! 

May 

August 

September .... 
October 

4,290 

;     5.167 

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Area  of  Islands. 


AREA  OF  THE  GREAT  LAKES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

(Revised  by  Gilbert  H.  Grosvenor,  Director  National  Geograpbic  Society,  Washington,  D.  C.) 


Superior. 

Michigan. 

Huron. 

Erie. 

Ontario. 

Greatest  length  in  miles 

360' 

160 

1,012 

32,060 

44,074 

602.3 

46°  30' 

49°  00' 

84°  30' 

92°  06' 

280 

735 

307 

118 

870 

22.336 

43,463 

581.2 

41°  37' 

46°  06' 

84°  45' 

88°  00" 

None 

1,200 

206 

101 

750 

22,978 

49,300 

581.2 

46°  00* 

43°  00* 

80°  00* 

84°  45' 

220 

470 

241 

67 

210 

9,968 

24,605 

572.5 

41°  23' 

42°  53' 

78°  50* 

83°  SC 

250 

350 

193 

Greatest  breadth  in  miles 

53 

Deepest  soundings  in  teet 

73S 

Area  in  square  miles 

7,243 

25,737 

246  2 

Drainage  in  SQuare  miles 

Height  above  sea  level  in  Jeet 

Latitude,  north. ^ 

Longitude,  west / 

43°  10' 
44°  W 
76°  W 

Boundary  line  in  miles 

79°  53' 
IRO 

United  States  shore  line  in  miles*  (approx.) .  . . 

230 

*  Sliore  line  .scaled  in  steps  oJ  5  miles  and  excludes  islands. 


LAKES    IN    NEW    YORK    STATE. 

Tlie- great  northern  lakes,  viz.:  Ontario,  Erie  and  Champlaiu,  are  partly  in  this  State,  Lake  George, 
south  of  Lake  Champlaiu,  commuulcsttes  with  it  by  a  short  outlet.  It  is  37  miles  long,  and  from  one  to  seven 
broad,  and  embosoms  more  than  200  islets.  Its  waters  are  so  clear  and  transparent  that  the  bottom  is  visible 
at  almost  any  depth;  and  on  each  side  it  is  skirted  with  mountains,  abounding  in  romantic  scenery.  There 
are  numerous  small  lakes  in  the  western  part  of  the  State  which  discharge  their  waters  into  Lake  Ontario, 
either  directly  or  indirectly  through  the  Seneca  and  Oswego  Rivers,  and  being  connected  by  canals  and  rail- 
roads, afford  facilities  to  transportation.    These,  with  their  extent,  &c.,  are  as  follows: 


Lake, 

Length 
Miles. 

Breadth 
MUes. 

Lake. 

Length 
Miles. 

Breadth 
Miles. 

LAKE. 

Length 
Miles. 

Breadth 
Miles. 

Oneida 

Cazeno\'la .... 
Otsego 

22 
4 
9 

5 
5 

4      t06 

1 

1      to2 

Skaneateles. . . 

Owasco 

Cross 

15 
12 
4 
40 
40 

M  tol 

'.'.'.'.'.'..Vi 
IM  to3H 
2      to  4 

Crooked 

Canandalgua. . 

Hemlock 

Conesus 

ChautauQua. . . 

22 

14 

6 

9 

13 

Bo 

1      to  1 >  i 
1 

Canaderaga. . . 
Otisco 

Cayuga 

Seneca 

1 

1      to  3 

HUDSON    RIVER    ICE    HARVEST,    1901 

(Compiled  by  the  Natural  Ice  Association  of  America 

-1917. 

New  York.) 

Veaus. 

Tons. 

Years. 

Tons 

Years. 

Tons. 

YEARS. 

Tons. 

Years. 

Tons. 

1917-18 
1916-17 
1915-16 
1914-16 

2.537.482 
2,001,150 
1,398,591 
1,938,149 

1913-14 
1912-13 
1911-12 
1910-11 

1,202,166 
2,853,120 
2.262.593 
2,206.984 

1909-10 

1908-9 

1907-8 

1 ,876,502 
2,539,941 
3,549,354 

1906-7 
1905-6 
1904-5 

1,672,188 
3.572,371 
3.661,800 

1903-4 
1902-3 
1901-2 

2.595,110 
3.934,100 
4,606.800 

The  figures  include  the  harvest  at  Rockland  Lake,  Dykeman's,  Lake  Mahopac,  and  New  Rochelie. 
The  lakes  and  ponds  average  100,000  tons  a  year,  and  the  c>it  of  ice  above  Albany  approximates  100,000 
tons  a  year.     Most  of  the  crop  Is  gathered  on  the  Hudson,  between  Rondout  and  Beaverwyck  Island. 

DAILY   CAPACITY   OF   ARTIFICIAL   ICE   PLANTS   IN   NEW   YORK    CITY. 

Manhattan,  4,510  tons;  Bronx,  1,950  tons;  Brooklvn,  4,960  ton.s;  Queens,  1,405  tons;  Richmond, 
276  tons;  total  for  City,  13,100  tons. 

According  to  H.  W.  Cole,  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  Natural  Ice  Association  of  America:  "No  ice 
has  l)een  harvested  on  the  rivers  of  Maine  for  other  than  local  use  during  the  past  ten  years.  The  cost 
of  transportation  from  Maine  to  New  York  and  Phlladplphia  forbids  the  use  of  the  Ice  In  tl\ose  places" 


AREA    OF    ISLANDS, 


Islands. 


Amboyna 

Australia 

Azores  a 

Baffin  Land. . . 
Baliamas  a. .  . 
Balearic  a .  .  . . 

Banks 

Bermudas  a . . 

Block 

Borneo 

Bornholm .... 

Canary  a 

Cape  Breton . . 
Cape  Cod .... 
Cape  Verde  a . 
Caroline  o . . . . 

Celebes 

Ceylon 

Corfu 

Corsica 

Crete 

Cuba 

Cyprus 

East  Indies  c. . 

EUesmere 

Falkland  a 


Square 
MUes. 


262 

1,946.651 

920 

236,000 

5.400 

1,935 

25,000 

20 

*8 

284,000 

210 

2,850 

3,120 

380 

1,480 

560 

72,000 

24,700 

300 

3,400 

2,900 

44,164 

3.600 

40,000 
5,500l 


Islands. 


Formosa 

Gotland 

Governor's. . . . 
Greenland .... 
Great  Britain . 

Guam 

Hawaiian  a. . . 

Hayti 

Hebrides  a .  . . . 
Helgoland  5  . . 

Hainan 

Hokkaido 

Hongkong. . . . 

Honshiu 

Iceland 

Ireland 

Jamaica 

Japan  a .,-,.. . 

Java 

Jersey 

Ladrones  rf . . . 
Leeward  o. .  . . 
Long  Is.,  N.  Y 

Luzon 

Madagascar 

Madeira 


SQuare 
Miles. 


14,000 
1,150 

827,300 

88,600 

210 

6,449 

28.800 

3.000 

13,000 

36,500 

30 

87,500 

39,800 

32,600 

4,200 

160,000 

48,400 

45 

701 

1,376 

41,000 

227,000 

510 


Islands. 

Square 
Miles. 

1SLA.SD3. 

SquarL- 
Mile.'i 

Madura 

2,000 

Reunion 

970 

Mala.\'  Archi.  h. 

Sakhalin 

29,100 

Malta 

100 
230 

Samoan  a 

Sardinia 

1  100 

Man 

9.306 

Manhattan   (N. 

Scilly  0 

t30 

Y.  City) 

22 

Shetland  a 

551 

Martha's   Vine- 
yard    

120 

Sicllv 

9,800 

Skye  ... 

535 

Mauritius 

710 

South  (N.  Z.) .  . 

58,525 

Melville  Liind.. 

20,000 

Soutliampton.. . 

17;800 

Mindanao 

30,290 

South  Georgia. . 

1.000 

Nantucket 

60 

Sumatra 

162,000 

Newfoundland.. 

42,000 

Tasmania 

26.200 

New  Guinea  .  .  . 

330,000 

Terra  del  Fuego 

18,500 

New  Hebrides. . 

a  5,100 

Teneriffe  .v 

900 

North  (N.  Z.).  . 

44,468 

Trinidad 

1,750 

North  Devon... 

24,000 

Tutuila 

55 

North  Somerset 

12,000 

Vancouver 

18,000 

Nova  Zembla .  . 

35,000 

West    Indies, 

Orkney  a 

375 

British  a. .  .  . 

13,750 

Pemba 

380 

W.  Spltzbergen. 

15,260 

Philippines  a.. . 

115,026 

Windward  a.  .  . 

519 

Pines 

614 

Zanzibar 

640 

Prince  Edward. 

2,134 

Prince  of  Wales 

15,000 

Porto  Rico ., 

3,604 1 

*  Miles  In  length,    t  In   circumference, 
risiag  about  175  feet  above  the  sea,  one  mile 
b  See  Philippines,  etc.    c  See  Borneo,  etc.    tJ 


t  In  diameter.     §  German  naval 
long  by  about  one-third  njlle  wide. 
See  Guam,  etc. 


base  consisting  of  a  rook 
a  Area  o*  entire  group. 


Principal  American  divers. 


SIS 


PRINCIPAL    AMERICAN    RIVERS. 


Names. 


Sources. 


_Z_ 


Mouths. 


hengxh 
Miles. 


Alabama 

AUegliauy 

Androscoggiu .  . 

Arkausas 

Big  Horn 

Brazos 

Canadian 

Chattalioocliee. 

Cheyenne 

Cimarron 

Colorado 

Colorado 

Columbia 

Connecticut.  .  . 
Cumberland.    . 

Delaware 

Des  Moines .  .  . 

Gila 

Great  Kanawha 
Green. .... .... 

Gunnison 

Hackensaek ... 
Housatonlc. , .  . 

Hud.sott 

Humboldt; .... 

Illinois. . .  J 

Jame.s 

Kanawha ...-.., 

Kansas 

Kaskaskia 

Kennebec 

Kentucky 

Merrlmac 

Minnesota 

Mlssourl-Mlss'pl 

Mobile 

Mohawk 

Mono^gahpla .,  .• 
Neosho  ..;..<. 
Keuse.  ....... 

Oomulgee-.  .... 

Ohio. . . .... . . . 

Osage 

Passaic 

Pearl 

Pecos 

Pedee  (Yaia'ltlii) 

Penobscot 

Platte 

Powder 

Potomac 

Red 

Red  (of  North) 

Rio  Grande 

Roanoke 

Sabine. 

Sacramento. . . . 

St.  Croix. 

8t.  Francis .... 

8t.  ijfohn'3 

San  J!oaquin . .  . 

Santee 

Savannah ..... 

Schuylkill 

Scioto 

She^ahdoah .  . . 

Snake, 

SuBquehanna . . 
Sulsquebaiina .  . 

Suwanee.  ^. . . . 
Tallahatchee. . . 
Tallapoosa .... 

Tennessee 

Tomblgbee .... 

Trinity 

Wabash. ...... 

Washita 

White 

Wlllamett* .... 

Wisconsin 

Yazoo 

Yellowstone .  . . 
Yulcon. . . 


.Tuuetlon  of  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa  Elvers^  .Slu.'. 

Near  Raymond,  Pa 

Umbagog  Lake,  Me 

Rocky  Mountains,  Col 

Rocky  Mountains,  Wyo 

In  the  Stalled  Plain,  Tex 

Norihea.steru  New  Mexico 

lu  Habersham  County,  Ga 

Eastern  Wyoming 

Raton  Mountains,  N.  Mex 

In  the  Staked  Plain.  Tox 

Junction  of  Green  and  Grand  Rivers,  t'tali 

Upper  Columbia  Lake,  B.  C 

Conned  lout  Lake,  N.  H 

Junction  of  ?oor  and  Stialght  Forka,  Ky 

Catsklll  Mountains,  N.  Y 

Lake  Shetek,  Mlun 

Tuscan  Mountains,  N.  Mex 

Blue  Ridge  Mountains,  N.  C 

Lincoln  County,  Ky , 

Saguache  Range,  Col 

Rockland  County,  N.  Y 

Taghanlc  Mountains,  Mass 

Lake  Saiiford,  Adirondack  MountMins.  X.  V 

Elko  County,  Nev 

Des  Plaines  River,  Wi.i 

Formed  by  Jackson's  and  rowp.isti!r(>  lUvers,  V.'i  

See  "Great  Kanawha." 

Junction  of  Smoky  HfU  Fork  and  .Solomon  I?ivei',  Kau. 

Champaign  County,  111 '. 

Moosehead  Lake,  Me 

Cumberland  MiountainH,  Ky 

Wliite  Mountains,  N.  K 

Big  Stone  Lake,  S.  Dak 

*Rocky  Mountains,  Mont.,  and  titasca  Lake,  Minii.^r-. , 
Junction  of  Tombigbeo  and  Alab.ama  Rivers,  Ala.  :'.    . .  . 

Lewis  County,  N.  Y 

Formed  by  West  Fork  nnd  Tygurf.s  Valley  Rivers.  W.  Va 

Morris  County,  Kan 

Person  County,  N.  C 

Northern  Georgia 

Junction  of  Alleghany  and  Monou.ijabelii  Rivers,  Pa.  . ,  . 

Lyon  County,  Kan 

Morris  County,  N.  J 

Winston  County,  Miss 

Rocky  Mountains,  N.  Mex 

Blue  Ridge  Mountains,  N.  C 

Somerset  County,  Me 

Sweetwater  River,  Wyo ' 

Big  Horn  Mountains,  Wyo 

AUe^hany  Mountains,  W.  Va 

In  the  Staked  Plain,  Tex 

Lake  Traverse,  Minn 

San  Juan  Mountains,  Col. 

Formed  by  Dan  and  SI  aunton  Rivers,  Va 

Northern  Texas 

Goose  Lake,  Cal 

Douglas  and  Bayfield  Counties,  Wi-s 

St.  Francois  County.  Mo 

Brevard  and  Osceola  Counties,  .Fla 

Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  Cal 

Junction  of  Wateree  and  Congaree  Rivers,  S.  C    

Formed  by  Tugaloo  and  Klowee  Rivers,  3.  C 

Near  Pottsvllle,  Pa , 

Auglaize  County,  Ohio 

Northern  Virginia ,.  .  .  : , ; 

veiJowstoue  National  Park,  Wyo . . . 

N;  or  E.  Branch,  Lake  Schuyler  and  Olse?o  Lak<',N.  Y. 
West  Branch,  near  Raymond,  Pa. :. 


Mobile  River 

Ohio  River 

Kennebec  River.  . . 
Mlssls,sippl  River. . 
Yellowstone  River 

Guif  of  Mexico 

Arkansas  River.  .  .  , 
Apalachlcola  River. 
Missouri  River.  . .  . , 
Arkansas  River .  .  .  . 
Matagorda  Bay. .  .  , 
Gulf  of  Callio'nia.  . 

Pacific  OceiiJi 

Long  Island  Koimd. 

Ohio  River 

Delaware  Bay 

Mississippi  River.  . . 

Colorado  River 

Ohio  River . 

Ohio  River 

Grand  River 

Newark  Bay 

Long  Island  S'.und. 

New  York  Ba.v 

Humboldt  Lake.  .  .  . 
Mississippi  River.  . . 
Che,sapeake  Bay 


Okeflnokee  Swamp,  Ga 

Northern  Mississippi 

Paulding  County,  Ga 

Formed  by  Clinch  and  Holston  Rivers,  Tenu 

Prentl.ss  County,  Miss 

Northern  Texas 

Mercer  County,  Ohio 

Western  Arkansas '. ; 

Northwestern  Arkansas 

Cascade  Range,  Ore .' . , 

Northern  Wisconsin 

Junction  of  Tallahatchee  and  Yalobusha  Rivers,  Miss. 

Rocky  Mountains,  Wyo. 

Lake  LIndeman,  Yukon  District,  Canada 


Missouri  River 

Mississippi  River 

Atlantic  Ocean 

Ohio  River 

Atlantic  Ocean 

Mississippi  River 

Gulf  of  Mexico 

Mobile  Bay 

Hudson  RlvSr 

Alleghany  River 

Arkansas  River 

Pamlico  Sound 

Altamaha  River 

Mississippi  River 

Missouri  River 

Newark  Bay 

Gulf  of  Mexico 

Rio  Grande  River.  .  . .  . . 

Wliiyaw  Bay,  -S.  C 

Penobscot  Bjiy 

Missouri  River .  .  , 

Yellowstone  filver 

Chesapeake  Cay 

Mississippi  River 

Lake  Wlnnlpes 

Gulf  of  Mexico 

Albemarle  Sound 

Gulf  of  Mexico 

Suisun  Bay 

Mississippi  River 

Mississippi  River 

-Atlantic  Ocean 

Sacramento  River 

Atlantic  Ocean 

Atlantic  Ocean 

Delaware  River 

Ohio  River 

Potomac  River 

Columbia  River 

fJheaapeate  Bay. ....  256 
Busquehanna  River . .  250 

Guif  of  Mexico. . . . '. 

Yazoo  River. .,....,... 

Coosa  River 

Ohio  River . -., 

Mobile  River. 

Galveston  Ray 

Ohio  River. 

Red  RJver. 

Mississippi  River; 

Columbia  River. 

Mi.ssisslppl  River 

Mississippi  RJver, 

Missouri  River. ., 

Bering  Sea ....,.,. 


3S(i 
350 
160 
2,000 
50(1 
850 
90(1 
500 
500 
65« 
650 
1,360 
1,40C 
410 
650 
375 
460 
550 
450 
360 
200 
60 
150 
350 
376 
436 
450 

(a)  300 
328 
J7i 
261 
16C 
47& 
J4.2O0 
5C 
160 
300 
400 
300 
28<0 
950 
'i6<i 
100 
350 
8(M) 
300 
350 

1,26<( 
400 
450 

1,200 
700 

1,80© 
24<i 
46C 
600 
200 
460 
400 
360 
150 
450' 
130 
22S 
200 
950 


606 
200 
240 

1,280. 


sot 

276 

4d0i 

300 

1,100 

2,20C 


•  Source  of  Missouri  River,  t  Source  of  MlsslsBippl  River,  t  Total  length  Ifom  soilrce'of  MlsS«Jtir4 
River  to  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  Missouri  River  connects  with  the  Mississippi  3  miles  belOw  Allon,  111 
(a)  Exclusive  of  affluents. 


314 


Wrecks  and  Casualties  to  American  Vessels. 


PRINCIPAL    FOREIGN    RIVERS. 


RIVER. 

Outflow. 

River. 

Outflow. 

3S 

River. 

Outflow. 

fl 

Amazon 

Atlantic  Oc .  . 

3,800 

La  Plata 

Atlantic  Oc.  . 

2.300 

Rhone 

Gulf  of  Lyons 

500 

Amu  Darya. . 

Aral  Sea 

1,500 

Lena 

Arctic  Ocean. 

2,800 

Rio  Negro.  .. 

Amazon  Riv. 

1.400 

Amur 

Gulf  Tartary. 

2.600 

Loire 

Bay  of  Biscay 

650 

Rlv.of  Doubt 

Riv.  Madeira. 

950 

Aesiniboine... 

RedRiv.of  N. 

600 

Mackenzie. . . 

Beaufort  Sea . 

2,300 

St.  John 

Bay  of  Fundy 

500 

Brahmaputra 

Bay  of  Bengal 

1,680 

Madeira 

Amazon  Riv. 

2,000 

St.  Lawrence. 

Gulf  St.  Law. 

2,150 

Bug 

Dnieper  Riv. . 
Atlantic  Oc .  . 

500 
3,000 

Magdalena. .  . 
Maros 

Caribbean  Sea 
Theiss  River . 

950 
500 

Salwln 

Gulf  of  Mar- 
taban 

Congo 

1,750 

Danube 

Black  Sea 

1,725 

Marne 

Seine  River .  . 

310 

San  Francisco 

Atlantic  Oc.  . 

1.200 

Darling 

Murray  Riv. . 

1.160 

Mekong 

China  Sea .  .  . 

2,500 

Saskatchewan 

Lk.  Winnipeg 

1,100 

Dnieper 

Blacli  Sea. . . . 

1.400 

Mouse  (Maas) 

North  Sea . . . 

575 

Seine 

English  Chan. 

476 

Dniester 

Black  Sea. . . . 

800 

Murray 

Indian  Ocean 

1,450 

Shannon 

Atlantic  Oc .  . 

250 

Drave 

Danube  Riv. . 

450 

Niger 

Gulf  of  Guinea 

2,900 

Tagus 

Atlantic  Oo .  . 

550 

Ebro 

Mediten-an'n. 

400 

Nile 

Mediterran'n. 

3,766 

Thames 

North  Sea .  .  . 

215 

Elbe 

North  Sea.  .  . 
Persian  Gulf. 

700 
1,700 

Ob 

Gulf  of  Ob . . . 
Baltic  Sea .  .  . 

2,300 
550 

Theiss 

Tigris 

Danube  Riv.. 
Euphrates .  .  . 

800 

Euphrates .  .  . 

Oder 

1,150 

Gambia 

Atlantic  Oc.  . 

500 

Orange 

Atlantic  Oc.  . 

1,100 

Ural 

Caspian  Sea. . 

1,400 

Ganges 

Bay  of  Bengal 

1,500 

Orinoco 

Atlantic  Oc .  . 

1,600 

Vistula 

Gulf  of  Danzig 

630 

Garonne. . . . . 

Bay  of  Biscay 

385 

Paraguay .... 

Parana  River 

1,500 

Volga 

Caspian  Sea. . 

2.300 

Hoangho .... 

Gulf  Peohiii. . 

2,600 

Parana 

Atlantic  Oc .  . 

2.450 

Weser.. 

North  Sea . .  . 

300 

Indus 

Arabian  Sea. . 

1,700 

Pilcomayo .  . . 

Paraguay  Riv 

1,000 

Yangtse 

Yellow  Sea. . . 

3,400 

irawadi 

Bay  of  Bengal 
Dead  Sea 

1,250 
200 

Po 

Adriatic  Sea. . 
North  Sea .  .  . 

420 
700 

Yenisei 

Zambezi 

Arctic  Ocean. 
Indian  Ocean 

3.300 

Jordan 

Rhine 

1,600 

WRECKS    AND    CASUALTIES    TO    AMERICAN    VESSELS    AT    SEA    AND    ON 
THE    COASTS    OF    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


YEAR 

(Fiscal). 


1898 

212 

1899 

220 

1900 

191 

1901 

202 

1902 

182 

1903 

154 

1904 

166 

1905-r'.  ..... 

161 

1906 

153 

1907 

222 

1908 

142 

1909 

177 

1910 

126 

1911 

151 

1912 

177 

1913 

134 

1914 

157 

1915 

161 

1916 

184 

Num- 
ber 
of 
Ves- 
sels. 


Wrecks 
Involv- 
ing 
Total 
Loss. 


96 
110 
68 
60 
75 
56 
60 
58 
48 
84 
48 
48 
47 
38 
52 
47 
56 
55 
63 


Cas'lties 
Involv'g 
Partial  & 
Unkno'n 
I3amage 


116 
110 
123 
142 
107 

98 
106 
103 
105 
138 

94 
129 

79 
113 
125 

87 
101 
106 
121 


Vessels 

Totally 

Lost. 


Tons. 
45.039 
59,074 
38,497 
24,866 
40,421 
29,119 
26,127 
23,840 
32,317 
71.344 
32.743 
23,966 
19,329 
24,273 
22,275 
27,184 
39,224 
73,549 
62,707 


Vessels 
Damaged 


Tons. 

113,338 

133,597 

117.546 

230,823 

117,955 

117,145 

203.135 

191,441 

185.014 

227.238 

215.555 

249,221 

158.471 

233,243 

213,235 

236.135 

210.097 

263.970 

279,608 


Losses  to 
Vessels. 


Dollars. 

6,932,325 

3,267,745 

1,889,280 

1.687.100 

1,926,710 

1,604,960 

1.411,230 

1.488.410 

1,598,440 

6,093,760 

1,851.980 

1,513.495 

1,322.980 

2,405,915 

1,274.855 

1.584.810 

2.014.350 

3,281,115 

4,902,335 


Losses  to 

Passen- 

Cargoes. 

gers. 

Dollars. 

No. 

No. 

858,830 

911 

3.515 

911,645 

1,642 

4.456 

552.890 

2,218 

3.125 

498,450 

2,867 

4.383 

752,650 

1,681 

2,743 

486,240 

772 

2,468 

357.170 

2,332 

3,128 

605.615 

2,045 

3,636 

648.185 

1,237 

3,537 

1.125.740 

1,738 

4.286 

467,380 

3,635 

4,119 

963,380 

1.787 

4.279 

406,746 

972 

2.617 

612,435 

2.635 

4,700 

381,420 

1,113 

3.566 

439,665 

4.839 

4,793 

406,305 

2,086 

4.559 

2.224,690 

1,879 

4,660 

1,858,065 

1,686 

4,894 

Lives 
Lost. 


629 

281 

125 

172 

191 

160 

178 

148 

259 

174 

136 

116 

124 

66 

75 

75 

87 

123 

273 


Exclusive  of  lives  lost  on  vessels  suffering  no  material  damage. 
RECAPITULATION.  COVERING  DISASTERS  ON  AND  NEAR  THE  UNITED  STATES  COASTS, 
AND  ON  THE  RIVERS  AND  LAKES.  AS  WELL  AS  AT  SEA  AND  ON  COASTS 
.    OF    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


YEAR 
(FISCAL) . 


1898.... 
1899.... 
1900... 
1901 . . . . 

1902 

1903 . . . . 
1904 . . . . 
1905.... 

1906 

1907.... 

1908 

1909.... 
1910.... 

1911 

1912.... 

1913 

1914. , . . 

1915. 

1916. 


Num- 

Wrecks 

Cas'lties 

ber 

Involv- 

Involv'g 

Vessels 

of 

ing 

Partial  & 

Totally 

Ves- 

Total 

Unkno'n 

Lost. 

sels. 

Loss. 

Damage. 

Tons. 

1,257 

406 

851 

130,087 

1,632 

559 

1.073 

186,823 

1,274 

360 

914 

112,781 

1,313 

371 

942 

104,570 

1,3.59 

405 

954 

144,118 

1,204 

332 

872 

110.311 

1,182 

357 

825 

126,132 

1,209 

323 

886 

118,936 

1,326 

350 

976 

153,080 

1,670 

447 

1.223 

185,642 

1,341 

344 

997 

127,684 

1,415 

282 

1,133 

122,150 

1,493 

365 

1,128 

135,305 

1,227 

294 

933 

101,365 

1,447 

328 

1,119 

113,920 

1.265 

274 

991 

91il88 

1.210 

293 

917 

173.069 

1,088 

289 

799 

151.968 

1,140 

317 

823 

135.233 

Vessels 
Damaged 


Tons 

646,978 

784,147 

818,693 

939,106 

877,687 

801.-390 

879.870 

1,028.740 

1.255.825 

1.786,933 

1,584.206 

1,699,940 

2.000.997 

1,475,688 

1,546,391 

1,663.623 

1,518.930 

1,276.125 

1.714.434 


Losses  to 
Vessels. 


Dollars. 

11,091,260 

9,830,070 

8.182.986 

7.094,346 

8.823,920 

7.011,775 

7,628,855 

8.187.500 

10.089.610 

13,709.915 

9,555,826 

9,491.635 

11.068,840 

9,565,995 

8,213,375 

8,338,935 

11,437,330 

10,199.660 

12,671.040 


Losses  to 
Cargoes. 


E;cclu3lve  of  lives  loBt  on  vessels  suffering  no  material  damage. 


Dollars. 

1.771,860 

2.782,635 

3,417.900 

2,147,675 

2,309,335 

1.722,210 

1,634,615 

2.263.795 

2.245,305 

3.062,110 

2.162,165 

3.330,825 

2,565,580 

1,694,630 

1,941,010 

1.549,286 

2,609,405 

4,013,083 

3.668,995 


Passen- 
gers. 


No. 

13.503 

13.183 

11.436 

15.710 

14.477 

13.216 

14.966 

14.513 

13.063 

16.027 

17.502 

23.143 

15.464 

22,484 

15.972 

21.101 

14.533 

12.867 

14.080 


Crews. 


No. 

15.754 

19.331 

16.638 

17.635 

16.463 

15.790 

15.607 

17,377 

19,097 

23.147 

21.289 

23.596 

22.640 

21.668 

24,310 

23,077 

22,199 

20,220 

20,653 


Llvea 
Lost. 


765 
755 
418 
452 
631 
376 

1.4S7 
267 
499 
624 
374 
403 
403 
262 
195 
283 
421 
277 

1,364 


Steamboat  Distances  on  the  Ohio  River. 


315 


STEAMBOAT    DISTANCES    ON    MeSSISSIPPJL   RIVER. 

BETWEKN    FORT    SNELLING    AND    BAI.IZE. 
WEST  BANK. 


FIACE. 


Louisiana: 

Fort  Jackson 

Donald  son  ville 

Plaquemlne 

Iberville  Bayou. . , . 

Point  Coupee 

Red  River,  (mouth) 

Vldalla 

Bt.  Joseph 

Carthage .  . , 

Mllllgan's  Bend 

Tompkins'  Bend . . . 

Providence 

I,ouifllanaLlne,33°N 


Miles 
From 
Mouth 

Miles 

From 

Fort 

Snell'g 

27 

2,151 

187 

1,991 

222 

1,956 

230 

1,948 

281 

1.897 

341 

1,837 

404 

1,774 

432 

1,746 

494 

1,684 

645 

1,633 

571 

1,607 

586 

1,592 

616 

1,562 

Pf  .\<'E. 


Arkansas: 
Grand  Lake  Lanu'F 
American  Beud ... 

Point  Cliicot 

Columbia. 

Napoleon 

Arkansas  River .... 

White  River 

Old  Town 

Helena 

Sterling 

St.  Francis  River. . . 

Greenock 

Osceola 


Miles 
From 
Mouth 


618 
635 
655 
060 
725 
725 
739 
791 
821 
831 
831 
937 
991 


Miles 

From 

Fort 

SKeU'g 


1,560 
1,543 
1,523 
1,518 
1.453 
1,453 
1,439 
1,387 
1,357 
1,347 
1,347 
1,341 
1,187 


PLACE. 


Miesoiu'i: 
Little  Prairie. ..  . 
Riddle's  Point..  . 
New  Madrid.  . . . 

Norfolk 

Cape  Girardeau. . 

Perry\'ille 

St.  Mary's 

St.  Genevieve.  .  . 
Herculaueum. .. . 

St.  Louis 

Mouth  of  Mo.  R. 

Clarkeev'ille 

Louisiana 

Palmyra 

La  Grange .  . . . .  . 


MUes 
From 
Mouth 


1,040 
1,068 
1.070 
1.140 
1.183 
1.249 
1,264 
1,278 
1,292 
1,316 
1,335 
1,378 
1,397 
1,444 
1,462 


Miles 

From 

Fort 

Sneir  g 


1.138 

1,110 

),108 

1,038 

996 

929 

914 

900 

886 

863 

843 

800 

781 

738 

716 


EAST  bank;. 


Louisiana: 
B&llze 
Bouth  East  Pass . . . 

Fort  St.  Philip 

Battle  Ground 

New  Orleans 

lAlayette 

Carrollton 

Baton  Rouge 

Port  Hudson 

Bt.  FrancLSvllle .... 
Fort  Adams 

Missis.sippi: 
Homochitto  River.. 

Natchez 

Grand  Gull 


0 
10 
32 
101 
105 
107 
111 
245 
270 
281 
362 

362 

404 
457 


2,178 
2,168 
2,146 
2,077 
2,073 
2,071 
2,067 
1,933 
1,908 
1,897 
1,826 

1,816 
1,774 
1,721 


Big  Black  lilver.  .  . 

Warrenton 

Vicksburg 

Yazoo  River 

Princeton 

Egg  Point 

Cypress  Bend 

Bolivar 

Montgomwy  Point. 

Victoria 

Delta 

Peyton 

Walnut  Bend 

Commerce 

Norfolk 


458 

1,720 

503 

1,675 

513 

1 ,665 

625 

1,053 

615 

1,563 

630 

1,.548 

703 

1.475 

713 

1,465 

744 

1,434 

745 

1,433 

811 

1,367 

845 

1,333 

865 

1,323 

876 

1,302 

892 

1,286 

Tennessee: 

Memphis 

Randolph 

Hatchee  River 

Fulton 

Ashport 

Obln  R.,  (mouth) . 

Kentucky; 

Hlclunan 

Columbus 

Mouth  of  Ohio  R  . 

Illinois: 

Breeseville 

Kaskaskla 

Harrison 


903 
970 
971 
981 
1.003 
1,011 

1,112 
1.127 
1.145 

1,224 
1.257 
1.287 


1,-27S 
1,208 
1.207 
1,197 
1,175 
1,167 

1,066 
1,051 
1,033 

954 
931 

891 


STEAMBOAT    DISTANCES    ON    THE    OHIO    RiVER. 

BETWEEN    CAIRO    AND    PITTSBURGH. 
NORTH    BANK. 


PLACE. 


Cairo 

Caledonia 

Fort  Massac .... 

Belgrade 

Golconda 

Cave  In  Rock .  .  . 
Shawneetowu.  .  .  , 
Wabash  River. . . 
Mount  Vernon .  . 
Evansville ..:... 

Rockport 

Troy 

Rome 

Fredonls ' 

Leavensworth . . .' 

Mauksport 

Kew  All.^any .... 
Jefferson  ville. . .  . 


MUes 
From 
Mouth 


0 

13 

39 

42 

84 

112 

136 

141 

161 

198 

243 

262 

293 

328 

333 

351 

391 

395 


Miles 
From 
Pitts- 
burgh 


1,019 
1,006 
980 
978 
935 
907 
883 
878 
858 
821 
776 
757 
726 
691 
686 
668 
628 
626 


PL.\CK. 


Utlca 

Bethlehem ...... 

Madi.son 

Vovay 

Rising  Sun 

Aurora 

Lawrenceburg .  .  . 
Miami  River.  .  .  . 

Cincinnati 

Columbia 

New  Richmond. 
Mount  Pleasant . 

Moscow 

Neville 

Chilo 

Higgiusport 

Ripley 

Aberdeen 


Miles 
From 
Mouth 


404 
426 
445 
466 
503 
512 
517 
529 
535 
542 
557 
562 
565 
669 
578 
684 
590 
599 


Miles 
From 
Pitts- 
burgh 


615 
594 
574 
554 
616 
507 
602 
490 
484 
477 
462 
457 
454 
450 
441 
435 
429 
420 


PLACE. 


MancliestKT 

Rome 

Rockville 

Sciota  River 

Poitsmouth 

Hanging  Rock 

Burlington 

GaUipolis 

Pomeroy 

Troy 

Muskingum  River. 

Marietta 

Newport 

Bridgeport 

Warren 

SteubcnviUe 

Wellsville 

Liverpool 


MUes 
From 
Mouth 


611 
625 
633 
648 
649 
675 
694 
738 
758 
808 
834 
835 
854 
922 
931 
945 
965 
969 


MUes 
From. 

Pitts- 
burgh 


408 

394 

386 

37! 

370 

344 

325 

281 

261 

211 

18& 

184 

16& 

97 

8S 

74 

64 

60 


SOUTH    BANK. 


Paducatii. .. .- 

Tenne-ssqe  River. . . 

Bmlthland 

CumberlaJid  River. 

Ralolgh 

Carthage 

Henderson ........ 

Green  River 

Owenboro 

Hawesville 

Flint  Island 

Brandenburg 

Bait  River 

Portland 

liOulsvllle 

Westport 

MUton 

Kentucky  River. .  . 


49 

970 

49 

970 

61 

958 

61 

958 

141 

878 

147 

872 

187 

832 

206 

813 

234 

785 

268 

751 

303 

716 

354 

665 

372 

647 

391 

628 

394 

625 

419 

600 

445 

574 

457 

562 

Ghent 

Warsaw 

Bellevue 

Petersburg 

Covington 

Lickint;  River.  .  . 

Newport 

Augusta. 

Dover 

Charleston. . .  . . . 

Maysville 

Concord 

VanceburK 

GrecDupintrg. . . . 

Big  Sandy 

Carlettsburg ,  ■.  -.  •. 

Guyaiidot 

T<.Tnav,h:i  River.. 


465 

554 

473 

646 

609 

513 

514 

505 

635 

484 

536 

483 

637 

482 

579 

440 

688 

431 

692 

427 

599 

420 

617 

402 

629 

390 

669 

350 

688 

331 

688 

331 

702 

317 

741 

278 

Point  Pleasant. . . . . 

Letartsville 

Belleville 

Blennerhassett's  isl. 
Little  Kanawha  Riv 

Parkersburg 

Vienna 

Sisters viUe. ....... 

Lanesville 

Elizabeth 

Wheeling . . 

Martin.svllle. ...... 

Wellsburg. 

Georgetown. . .  v . . . 
Beaver.  ......  ^, . . 

Economy 

Middletown...  J.. . 
Pittsburgh... ., .  - . 


742 
772 
804 
820 
821 
822 
829 
866 
897 
909 
922 
923 
938 
974 
987 
999 
1,007 
1.019 


277( 

24;- 

21& 
19S 
19S 
197 

im, 

ISS 

122" 

lie 

2(J, 

7h 


sm 


Traffic  in.  Neiv' York  and  London. 


STEAMBOAT    DISTANCES    ON    THE    MISSOURI. 

FROM   THE   MOUTH   OF   THAT    RIVER   TO    COUNCIL   BLUFFS, 


NOETH  Bank. 

MUes 
From 
Ballze. 

Miles 
From 
Mouth 
of  Mo. 

MUes 

From 

Council 

BluHs. 

South  Bank. 

MUes 
From 
Ballze. 

Miles 
From 

Mouth 
ot  Mo. 

MUes 

From  , 

Counotl 

Blufla. 

Fire  Barrel  Island 

1,935 
1,923 
1,919 
1,868 

600 
688 
584 
533 

67- 
79 
83 
134 

Council  Bluffs 

2,002 
1,962 
1,950 
1,880 
1,843 
1,735 
1,728 
1,698 
1,686 
1,625 
1.525 
1,488 
1,472 
1,462 
1,411 
1,335 

667 
627 
616 
546 
508 
400 
393 
363 
351 
290 
190 
153 
137 
127 
76 
0 

0 

Upper  Oven  Island. 

Bellevue 

40    ' 

Lower  Oven  Island 

Platte  River 

62 

Fair  Sun  Island 

Little  Nemaha  River 

Big  Nemaha  River 

Weston 

Fort  Leavenworth 

122 

Nlshnabotna  River. ...... 

160 

WoU  River 

1,825 
1,809 
1,708 
1,683 
1,630 
1,575 
1,55.'> 
1,526 
1,411 
1,403 
1.355 

490 

474 

373 

348 

295 

240 

220 

180 

76 

68 

20 

177 
193 
284 
319 
372 
427 
447 
487 
591 
599 
647 

267 

Nodaway  River. . . .  i 

274 

Little  Platte  River 

Kansas  Landing 

304 
3  8 

lilherty  TiandinE 

Independence 

Riclmiond 

Lexington 

377 

Grand  River 

BoonvlUe 

277 

Chariton  River 

Marlon 

404 

Franklin , 

Jefferson  River 

430 

Griswold 

Osage  River 

440 

Newport 

Plnckney 

591 

St.  Charles 

Mouth  of  Missouri 

667 

Extent  of  >team  navigation  on  the  Western  waters.  Including  the  rivers,  bayous,  etc.,  connected  with 
the  Mississippi  by  channels  navigable  for  steamers:   16,674  miles.     By  Col.  Long,  Top.  Eng.,  U.  S.  A. 

MISSISSIPPI   AND   BRANCHES,    BAYOUS,    ETC. 


Miles, 

Mile.s. 

Miles. 

Milea. 

Mississippi  Proper 

2.000 

80 

120 

70 

60 

180 

250 

110 

60 

250 

Illinois 

245 

60 

150 

5 

60 
195 

75 
300 
500 

60 

Spring 

50 

600 

60 

60 

300 

300 

130 

80 

70 

Big  Black 

Bayou  de  Glace . . 

Do.  Care 

Do.  Rouge 

Do.  La  Fourche 
Do.  Plaquemlne 
Do.  Teche 

Grand  River 

Bayou  Sorrele 

Do.     Chlen 

ISO 

St.  Croix... 

St.  Peter's.. 

Chippeway 

ajiicii 

Maremec 

Kaskaskia 

Big  Muddy 

Obion 

Arkansas   (nav. 
high  water,  850) 

Canadian 

Neosho 

00 

140 

40 

60 

WjsconBln 

Forked  Deer 

Big  Hatchee 

St,  Francis 

White 

Yazoo 

12 

Root 

TaUahatchee 

Yalabusha 

Big  Sunflower. , . . 
Little  Sunflower . . 

09 

Iowa 

12 

Cedar 

12 

Des  Moines 

Big  Black 

5 

MISSOURI    AND    BRANCHES. 


Missouri  Proper  (during  a  part  of  the  year) , 

YeUow  Stohe 

Platte  or  Nebraska 


MUes, 


1,800 
300 

40j 


Kansas. 
Osage, . 
Grande. 


Miles. 


150 

275 

90 


OHIO 

AND 

BRANCHES, 

Miles. 

MUes, 

MUes, 

Milea. 

Ohio  Proper 

1.000 

200 

60 

70 

Kanawha 

Big  Sandy 

Scioto 

65 
50 
50 
62 

Salt  River 

Green 

35 

150 

30 

Wabash 

400 

AUeghany 

Cumberland .  i.. . , 
Tennessee 

400 

Monongahela.  ,  . . 

Barren 

720 

Muskingum 

Kentucky 

RED    RIVER    AND    BRANCHES,    BAYOUS,    ETC. 


MUes, 

Miles. 

Miles, 

MUes. 

Red  River  Proper 
Waslilta 

1.500 

375 

100 

50 

60 

Bayou     Bartholo- 
.-  mew 

150 

150 

175 

30 

Tensas  River 

Lake  Bistenaw. .  , 

Lake  Caddo 

Sulphur  Fork 

Little  River 

150 
60 
75 

100 
65 

Kiamichl.  .  , 

40 
40 

Saline 

Bayou  Boeuf 

Bayou  Macon 

Bayou  Louis 

Bayou  Pierre.  ... 
Atchafalaya 

160 

Little  Missouri , . 
Bayou  D'Arboiino 

360 

TRAFFIC    IN    NEW    YORK    AND    LONDON. 

A  COMPARISON  Of  seventeen  of  London's  busiest  corners,  as  compared  with  an  equal  number  Jn  New 
York;  compUed  by  Dr.  John  A.  Harrlss,  Special  Deputy  Police  Commissioner,  in  charge  of  trafQc; 

LONDON. 

Bishopgate  Hounsditch. .  . .    13,666 

Vauxhall  Bridge 12,981 

Waterloo  Bridge 12,761 

Park  Road,  Kensington 12,680 

Shep,  Bush.  Hool,  Park.  Av.  12,549 
Tower  Bridge 12,233 


PlcoadiUy.  Ritz  Hotel 28,735 

Grays  Inn,  Holborn 18,858 

Wesf  minster  Bridge 18,691 

London  Bridge 18,387 

Blaokfriars  Bridge 17,550 

O.xfordSt.  W.  of  O.x'dCir..  16,070 

Gray  3  Inn,  High  Holborn.  15,823 


Kensington  Rd,,  Q'ns  Gate 
London  Road.  Walsworth. 

Putney  Bridge 

High  St.,  Camden  Town. . 


Columbus  Circle 39,210 

Broadway  &  42d  St 19.650 

Central  Pk.  W.  &  72d 18,710 

5th  Ave.  &  42d  St 18,800 

5th  Ave.  &  57th  St 17,830 

Pier  25,  North  River 17,512 

Lafayette  &  Bleecker  Sts . .  16,412 


NEW  YORK. 

Queensboro  Bridge 14,530 

5th  Ave,  &  34tli  St 14,360 

Fiatbush  &  4th  Aves 13,075 

Broadway  &  86th  St 13,042 

Broadway  &  34th  St 12,800 

4th  Ave.  &  23d  St 12,365 


12.004 
11.262 
11.077 
10.615 


Total 235.832 


Park  Ave,  &  COth  St 12,220 

8th  Ave.  &  110th  St 11,664 

Madison  Ave.  &  44th  St. . .  11,560 

7th  Ave.  &  125th  St 10,566 


Total 274,306 


London  rated  on  basis  of  number  of  vehicles  passing  in  10  hours — New  York  in  12  hours. 


Chief.  Corals  in  the  United  States. 


317. 


CHiEF    CANALS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Canals. 


Albemarle  and  Cliesapeake. . 

Augusta 

Beaufort .-. 

BlacU  River 

BlacK  Rock  Channel 

Brazos  River ■ 

<3aloosahatchee.  ..•...,■ 

Cape  Cod  (ship  canal) 

Cayuga  and  Seneca 

Champlatn 

Channel.  .;...,...' 

Chesapeake  and  Delctware .  . . 

Cliesapeake  and  Ojhlo 

Colbert  Shoals 

Company. ...... .1 

Dalles-Celllo i 

Delaware  and  Rarltcn 

Delaware  Division 

Erie.. 

EsthervlUe-Minliu  Creek 

Fairfield ■ 

Florida  Coast  Lliie. , 

Galveston  and  Braaos; .' 

Harlem  River  (shlj)  canal) . . . 

Hillsboro 

Illinois  and  Michigan 

Illinois  &  Mississippi  (Henneoin) 
Inland  Waterway  (I.cffes  Canal) 

Lake  Drummond 

Lake  Landing 

Lake  Washington- PutreL  Sound. 
Lehigh  Coal  and  Nav!s:atlon  Co. 

Louisville  and  Portland 

Mattamuskeet  Out  Fall 

Miami  and  Erie 

Miami ; ; 

Morris 

Muscle  Shoals  and  Elk  R.  Shoals 

North  New  River 

N.  .T.  Coastal  .Inland  Waterway . 

Ohio ....-.,. 

Oswego..  I 

Pennsylviula. 

Portage  Lake  and  Lake  Superior 

Port  Arthur  (ship  canal) 

Sahlne-Neches 

Salem 

Santa  Fe 

Sault  Ste  Marie   (shipcaaal). 

Schuylkill  Navigation  Co 

South  New  River 

Sturgeon  Bay  and  Lake  Mtch'n 

St.  Clah-  Flats 

St.  Lucie 

6t.  Mary's  Falls 


Cost. 


St.  Mary's  Falls  (parallel  canal) 
West  Palm  Beach 


$1,641,363 
1,500,000 

502,078 
3,581.954 
3,000,000 

255,000 

425,000 

12,000,000 

2,232,632 

4,044,000 

450,000 

4,000,000 

11,290,327 

2,350,000 

90,000 

4,800,000 

4,888,749 

2,433,350 

52,540,800 

174,619 

50,000 

3,500,000 

340,000 
2,700,000 
1,302,000 
6,339,098 
7,320,000 

356,000 
2,800,000 
25,000 
5,000,000 
4,455,000 
5,716,686 

600,000 
8,062,680 
1,765,000 
5,100,000 
3.156,919 

581,504 

450,000 
4,695,204 
5.239,526 
7,731,750 
1,725,000 


Len'h  Depth 
Miles  Feot. 


1,081,000 


70,000 
4,000,000 

12,461,600 

792,400 

287,000 

1,180,000 

2,075,000 

9,400,000 

9.475,000 
474,9881 


11 H 
7 
20 
35 

au 

32 

28 
8-13 

25 

81 

32 

14 

135 

8 

23 

60 

60 

387 

5 

4H 
370 
38 

8 
50 
96 
75 
12 
22 

4 

108 

2H 

7 

274 

79 

103 

16 

59 

114 

70 

.38 

193 

25 

7 

16 

2 

10 

IH 

108 
25 

^^ 
25 

IJiS 
42  U 


12 

10 

10 

4 
22 

5 

6 
25-30 

12 

12 

5 

9 

6 

7 

AH 

7 

7 

6 
12 

6 

5 

5 

5 
15 
6-8 

5 

7 

6 

9 

5 
36 

6 

9 

6 

5H 
6-8 

5 

5 
5-8 

6 

4 
12 

6 
20 
26 
26 
5-8 

5 
18 

6?^ 

20 

20 

8-12 
ISVi 

241^ 
o-S 


Location. 


Norfolk,  Va.,  to  Albemarle  Sound,  N.  C. 

Savannah  River,  Ga.,  to  Augusta,  Ga, 

Beaufort  Inlet,  N.  C  ,  to  Pamlico  Sound. 

Rome,  N.  Y.,  to  Lyons  Falls.  N.  Y. 

Connects  Lake  Erie  and  Niagara  River  at  Buffalo. 

Brazos  River  to  Matagorda  Bay,  Tex. 

Fort  Myers  to  Lake  Okeechobee,  Fla 

Connects  Buzzards  Bay  and  Barnstable  Bay . 

Montezuma.  N.  Y..  to  Cayuga  and  Seneca  Lakes. 

Whitehall,  N.  Y.,  to  Watervllet,  N.  Y.t 

Bet.  Apalachlcola  River  &  St.  Andrews  Bay,  Fin; 

Connects  Chesapeaka  and  Delaware  Bays. 

Cumberland,  Md.,  to  Washington,  D.  C. 

Colbert  Shoals,  Tennessee  River,  Ala. 

Miss.  Rlv.  at  JTew  Orleans.  La.,  to  Bayou  Blfick. 

Columbia  River,  Big  Eddy  to  Ceillo  Falls,  <^>rc-g. 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  to  Bordentown,  N.  .1. 

Easton,  Pa.,  to  Bristol,  Pa. 

Albany.  N.  Y.,  to  Bufialo,  N.  Y. 

Winyaw  Bay.  S.  C.  to  Santee  River. 

.Alligator  River  to  Lake  Mattamuskeet,  N.  ('. 

Mayport.  Fla.,  to  Miami,  Fla. 

Oyster  Bay,  Tex.,  to  Brazos  River.  Tex. 

Connects  Hudson  River  and  Long  Island  Sf-iiKd, 

Dcerlield  to  Lake  Okeechobee,  Fia. 

Chicago,  III.,  to  La  SaUe,  111. 

Illinois  River  to  Miss.  River,  neat  Rock  1  .  111. 

Rehoboth  Bay  to  Delaware  Bay,  Del. 

Connects  Chesapeake  Bay  with  Albemarle  Sound. 

Lake  Mattamuskeet  to  Wysocklng  Bay,  N.  '.'. 

Connects  Lake  Washington  and  Puget  Soui.d. 

Coalport,  Pa.,  to  Easton.  Pa. 

At  Falls  of  Ohio  River,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Hyde  County,  N.  C. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  to  Toledo.  Ohio. 

Lake  Okeechmiee  to  Miami.  Fla. 

Jersey  City.  N.  J.,  to  Phllllpsbuis,  N.  J. 

Big  Muscle  Shoals,  to  Elk  River  Shoals.  Tcna. 

I^ake  Okeechobee  to  Ft.  Lauderdale.  Fla. 

Cape  May  to  Bay  Head,  N.  J. 

Cleveland,  Ohio,  to  Dresden,  Ohio. 

Oswego,  N.  Y.,  to  Syrac  se.  N.  Y. 

Columbia,  Northumberland.  WUkes-Barre,  Pa. 

From  Keweenaw  Bay  to  Lake  Superior. 

Port  Arthur,  Tex.,  to  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Port  Arthur  Canal  to  mouth   Sabine  River,  Tex. 

Salem  River  to  Delaware  River. 

Waldo.  Fla..  to  Melrose,  Fla. 

Connects  Lakes  Superior  and   Huron   at    St. 

Mary's  River. 
Mill  Creek,  Pa.,  to  Phlladelphla.Pa. 
Ft.  Lauderdale  to  Lake  Okeechobee,  Fla. 
Between  Green  Bay  and  Lake  Michigan. 
Canal  through  delta  at  mouth  of  St.  Clair  RWer. 
Stuart  to  I,ake  Okeechobee.  Fla. 
Connects  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron  at  Sault  Sto 

Marie.  Mich. 
Connects  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron. 
Lake  Okeechobee,  Lake  Worth,  West  Palm  Beach, 


CANALS    IN    CANADA. 


Chambly : 

Cornwall 

Lachlue 

RIdeau , , 

fciaultSte  Marie  (ship  canal). 


Soulanges. 
Trent . ; , , 


Wetland  (ship  canal) . 
Williamsburg 


$728,999    12 


7,242,804 

13,404,970 

6.531.332 

6,000,000 

8,000,000 
13.611,000 

29,250,951 
10,490,184 


This    canal    overcomes    the    rapids.  .  between 

Chambly  and  St.  .Johns. 
Cornwall  to  Dickiason's  Landing. 
Montreal  to  Lachlne. 

Connects  River  Ottawa  with  Lake  Ontario. 
Connects  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron  at  St.  Mary'a 

River. 
Cascade  Point  to  Coteau  Landing. 
Coimects    Lake  Ontario  and' Lake    Huron   via 

Trent  River. 
Connects  Lake  Ontario  and  Lake  Erie. 
Along  St.  Lawrence  River. 


SOME  FOREIGN  CANALS. 

Length, 
Miles. 

Depth, 
Feet. 

Bottom 

Width, 

Feet. 

Estlm.v.ed 
Cost 

Suez — Mediterranean  and  Red  Seas 

103 
J6 

61 

41 

136 

35 

2S 

30 

10 

9.8 

108 

i2d 

72 
72 

32-39 
82^ 

3127,000,000 

Cronstadt — Petrograd 

Manchester — Manchester  and  Liverpool 

Kaiser  Wllhelm  (Kiel  Canal) — Baltic  and  North  Seas. 
Elbe  and  Trave 

10,000,000' 

85,000,000 

40,00(.',000 

6.000.000 

BerUn-Stettln  (Hohenzo'lern  Canal) 

12  500,000 

Marseilles — River  Rhone 

CO 

20.000.000 

818  Distances  from  N.  F.,  N.  0.  and  San  Francisco  to  Other  Cities. 


DISTANCES     FROM     NEW     YORK,     NEW     ORLEANS,     SAN     FRANCISCO,     AND 
PORT    TOWNSENO    TO    PRINCIPAL    PORTS    AND    CITIES. 

(Water  routes  in  nautical  miles;  land  routes  in  statute  miles.) 
FOREIGIs  -CITIES. 


Port  and  Uoutb. 

New 
York 

New 
Or- 
leans 

San 
Fran- 
cisco . 

Port 
To"n- 
send. 

Port  and  Route. 

New 
York 

?Jew 
Or- 
leans 

San 
Fran 
Cisco 

Port 
To'n- 

send. 

Aden — Suez  Canal 

6,532 
10,985 

7,870 
11,408 

Habana 

1,22- 

59' 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

New  Orleans   . 

3,07£ 
3,21E 
4,33' 

4  006 

Suez  Canal  and  New  York 

9,723 
14,176 

9,500 
10,800 
15,900 
11,500 

9,731 
14,184 
10,300 
11,600 
16,700 
-11,300 

3,992 
5,112 

;  C.  of  Good  Hope  &  N.  Y .  . 

, 

Suez  and  Tehuant«pec.  . . 

Havre 

3,168 

4,7CC 

'  Suez  and  Panama 

6,36C 
6,086 

6,368 
5  886 

Suez  and  Magellan  Strait 

Hongkong .        

Singapore 

y,03i 
9.277 
10,572 
11,431 
11,610 
13,590 
16,868 

8,865 
8,568 
9,317 
10  830 

Singapore  &  P.  Townflend 

14,499 
3,328 

14,279 
4.853 

San  Francisco 

Antwerp 

Tehuantepec 

New  York 

6.516 
7,554 
8,261 
13,671 
7,800 

6,524 
8,329 
9,039 
14,446 
7,600 

Panama . 

Tehuantepec 

' 

Suez . . . .' 

12,892 
13,863 
17.318 

, 

Panama 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Magellan  Strait   . . 

* 

Magellan  Strait 

Batavla  (Java) 

2,097 

2  370 

Teh  uantepec 

12,323 
13,167 
10,182 
11,855 
8,120 
11,250 

11,075 
12,566 
11,593 
12,278 
9„53G 
11,848 

San  Francisco 

5,288 
5,569 
6,686 
5,806 
13,269 
1,473 
5,662 

4,579 
5.349 
6,085 
4,582 
13,719 
1,165 
6,580 

Panama 

Suez  Canal 

Panama ...      .             ... 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Tehuantepec 

Bombay — Suez  Canal 

Magellan  Strait 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Kingston,  Jamaica ...,.,.. 

Kongo  River,  mouth  of . . .  . 

New  Orleans 

Suez  and  New  York .  . 

11,311 
14,441 
12,110 
12,512 
15,108 
14,500 
15,064 

11,319 
14,449 

12,885 
13,287 
15,800 
15,270 
15,839 
9,580 

.  C.  of  Good  Hope  &  N.  Y.. . 

9.062 
8,853 

'  '6.'244 
7,169 
8.038 

13,503 

9,559 

Suez  and  Tehuantepec .  .  . 

New  York 

8,859 

Suez  and  Panama      .    . 

Liverpool . . . 

3,053 

4,553 

C.  ot  G.  Hope  &  Teh' n' pec 

New  York 

6,250 

C.  ot  G.  Hope  &  Panama 

Tehuantepec 

7,944 

Magellan  Strait 

Panama 

8,813 

Singapore .  . '. 

9,780 

Magellan  Strait 

14,278 

Singapore  &  P.  Townsend 

12,771 
12,971 
13,993 
14,837 
2,954 

12,559 
12,262 
12,745 
14,236 
4,458 

London 

3,233 

4,507 

Singapore  &  San  Francisco 

New  York 

6.424 

7,:;49 

8,218 

13,683 

6,943 
6,289 

6,432 

Singapore  &  Tehuantepec 



Tehuantepec 

8,I2< 

Singapore  and  Panama . . . 

Panama 

8,993 

Brest,  France 

'  6,'l45 
7,154 

7,840 
13,209 

'  6,'l54 
7,929 
8,619 

13,984 

Magellan  Strait 

14,458 

New  York 

Manila — Honolulu  and  San 
Bernardino  Strait . .   . 

Tehuantepec 

7  213 

Panama 

\ 

Yokohama 

5  993 

Magellan  Strait 

Yokohama  &  .S.  Fr.ancisco 
Yokohama  &  P.  Townsend 
Tehuantepec ... 

9,180 
9,192 
10,735 
11,546 
11,556 
13,530 

8,771 
8,972 
9,480 
10,993 
12,946 
13,986 

Buenos  Aires 

5,868 

6,318 

Magellan  Strait 

7,511 
9,059 

8,2S6 
9,067 

New  York 

Panama . .    . 

Bermuda 

676 

1,648 

Suez 

New  York 

3,867 

3,375 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Suez  and  New  York .... 

Calcutta — Suez  Canal 

9.830 
12,180 

11,239 
12,838 

14,747 
16,727 

14,755 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

C.  of  Good  Hope  &  N.  Y. 

16,735 

Suez  and  New  York 

13,021 
15,371 
8,990 

13,029 
15,379 
8,896 

Magellan  Strait 

16,736 
3,376 

17,145 
5,266 

C.  of  Good  Hope  &  N.  Y. 

Marseilles 

Singapore 

New  York .- . 

7,067 
7,930 
8,333 
13,324 
7,040 

7,073 

Singapore  &  San  Francisco 

12,181 
13,405 
14,230 
4,246 
3.392 
9,603 

11,402 
12,181 
13,694 
2,991 
2,764 
10,142 

8,705 

Singapore  &  Tehuantepec 

Panama 

9,107 

Singapore  and  Panama . . . 

Magellan  Strait 

14,099 

Callao — Tehuantepec 

Melbourne 

7,311 

Panama 

San  Francisco 

10,231 
10,028 
9,852 
12,880 
12,981 
12,670 
2,399 
2,898 
4,172 

9,522 

9,427 

8,604 

13,143 

14,303 

12.933 

1,172 

1,526 

5,562 

Magellan  Strait 

Panama 

Direct 

4,012 

4,769 

Tehuantepec .... 

Cape  Town — Direct 

6,815 

7,374 

Magellan  Strait 

• 

New  York 

10.006 
9,700 
9,898 

10,454 

10,014 
10,475 
10,676 
11,229 

Suez  Canal 

•  • . 

' 

Tehuantepec 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Mexico  City,  land  &  water 

land 

Naples 

Panama 

2.142 
2,512 

2  917 

Magellan  Strait 

3,349 

Colon  (eastern  end  of  Pana- 

1,981 

1,380 

ma  Canal) 

New  York 

7.363 

2,482 

3,191 
4,704 

3,191 

4,415 
5,305 
2,705 

7  369 

Canal  and  Panama 

3,324 

4,090 

>f.  Orleans,  land  and  water 
*'     land 

1,741 
1,372 

}... 

Colombo — Suez  Canal 

8,610 
11,130 

10,146 
11,684 

2,979 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Tehuantepec 

3,966 

Suez  and  New  York 

11,801 
14,321 
8,900 

11,809 
14,329 
8,700 

Panama 

5,479 

C.  ol  Good  Hope  &  N.  Y. 

New  York,  land  and  water 

1,741 
1,372 

Singapore 

3,199 

Copenhagen — Dlifect 

3,852 

5,443 

Tehuantepec 

5,190 

New  York 

7,043 

7,051 

Panama . 

6,080 

Gibraltar 

3,207 

4,576 

2,356 

New  York   

6.398 
7,240 
7.642 
12,734 
5,054 

6,406 
8,015 
8,417 
13,509 
4,908 

San  Francisco   . 

5,896 
5,555 
7,130 
8,010 
15,840 
5,370 

5,187 
5,335 
6,902 
7.410 
16,249 
6,760 

Tehuantepec 

Port  Townaend .... 

Panama 

T6huant6Dec .... 

Magellan  Strait 

Panama .     .      ...... 

Guam 

Magellan  Strait 

San  Francisco 

8,245 
8,107 
3,652 

7,536 
7.887 
5,243 

Odesa:!,  via  GibralLir 

Panama~-(we3tern    end    of 
Panama  Canal) 

Port  Townaend 

3.277 

Hamburg 

4.053 

New  York 

6,843 

6.851 

"      Canal  and  Colon 

2,028 

1,427 

Distances  from  N.  Y.,  N.  0.  &  San  Fran,  to  Othei'  Ciiies—ConU  319 


PORT  AND  Route. 


Pernambuco,  Brazil 

New  York 

New  Orleans 

Tehuantepec   

Panama 

Ma:eellati  Strait 

Port  Said,  Egypt. 

New  Yorlt 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Port  Towiisend 

Tehuantepec 

PaUania 

Punta  Arenas  (MagcITn  S.) 
Rio  de  Janeiro 

New  Yorls 

New  Orleans 

Tehuantepec 

Panama .■ 

Magellan  Strait .  . . ; 

San  Francisco 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Petrograd — Direct 

New  Yorli 

San  Juan,  P.  R 

New  York 

New  Orleans . '. 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Shanghai 

.San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

•  Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Suez 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Singapore 

San  Francisco 

Port  To^ageud 

Suez.' ;. . .  ( 

Cape  of  Good. Hope 


New 
York. 


3,696 


5,122 


3,199 
5,190 
6,080 
6,890 
4,778 


3,191 
4,415 

5,305 
4.632 


1,428 


8,741 
S,489 
9,965 
10,855 
12,360 
14,593 


10,693 
10,405 
10,170 
12,a55 


New 
Or- 
leans 


3,969 


6,509 


2,979 
3,966 
5,47;'> 
7,340 
5,218 


2,482 
3,191 
4,704 
6,223 


1,539 


8,032 
8,269 
8,741 
10,254 
13,750 
14,806 


9,984 
10,185 
11,560 
12.914 


San 
Fran- 
cisco 


6.887 
6,451 
6,.591 
6.530 
9.4:i9 


8,321 

9,160 

9.562 

775 


6,199 


7,969 
7,700 
7,730 
7,678 
8,339 


7,823 


4,619 
4,021 
4,182 
4,345 
12,199 
5,5.50 


7,502 


Port 
To'n- 
send. 


6,895 
6.948 
7.366 
7,305 
10,214 


8,327 
9,935 
10,337 


6,958 


7,977 
8,197 
8,505 
8,453 
9,114 
775 


7,829 


4,627 
4,518 
4,957 
5,120 
12,974 
5.290 


7,206 


PORT  AND  RODTB. 


Singapore — Continued. 

Yokohama  and  Panama . . 

Yokohama  &  Tehuantepec 
Sitka,  Alaska 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

'  Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Tehuantepec — western  end 
of  railroad 

Eastern  end  of  railroad  . . . 
Tutuila 

San  Francisco 

Valparaiso 

San  Francisco 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Vladivostok 

San  Fi-ancisco 

Port  Townsend 

S.  Francisco  &  Teh'ntepec 

San  Francisco  &  Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Wellington,  New  Zealand  . . 

San  Francisco 

Tehuantepec 

Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Suez 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

Yokohama 

Honolulu .- 

San  Francisco 

Port  Townsend 

Honolulu  &  Tehuantepec 

S.  Francisco  &  Teh'ntepec 

Honolulu  and  Panama .  .  . 

San  Francisco  &  Panama 

Magellan  Strait 

Singapore  and  Suez 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 


New 
York, 


13.104 

12,209 


4.493 
3,931 
5,748 
6,607 
14,391 


2,036 


8,331 
5,480 
4,637 
8,460 


7,897 
7,556 
9,122 
10,001 
17,036 


9,100 
8,344 
8,540 
11,500 
14,230 
13,710 


7.727 
7,439 
9,243 
8,986 
10,093 
9,869 
16,205 
13,040 
15,020 


New 
Or- 
leans 


12,503 
10,961 


3,784 
3,7H 
4,493 
6,006 
14,811 


812 


6,63 


7,622 
4,256 
4,635 
8,733 


7,188 
7,336 
8,874 
9,410 
17,445 


8,391 
7,096 
7,939 
11,773 
15,620 
14,058 


7,018 
7,219 
7,995 
7,762 
9,492 
9,268 
16,614 
14,471 
15,443 


San 
Fran- 
cisco . 


1.302 


2.189 

ijso 


5,140 


4,706 


5,909 


4,536 
5,500 


Port 
To'n- 
sendi 


731 


2,961 


4,607 
.  .  /. 
5,902 


4.367 


6,415 


4,240 

•■=.,770 


Distances  given  are  In  a  majority  of  cases  by  water.  Distance  by  Panama  Canal  from  Colon  to 
Panama,  47  miles.  Distance  from  Coatzacoalcos  (Tehuantepec).  (eastern  end  of  railroad)  to  Sallna  Cms 
(western  end  of  railroad).  190  miles. 

DISTANCES   BETWEEN    CITIES   OF   THE   UNITED    STATES   BY    LAND. 


City. 


Atlanta.  Ga 

Baltimore,  Md 

Bismarcte,  N,  D 

Boston,  Mass 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.. 

Charleston,  S.  C;....  . 
Chattanooga,  TennJ. . 

Chicago,  111 .  .  .V. . 

Cincinnati,  Ohi<>. .'. '. .  • 
Cleveland,  Ohio. . :  .  .  . 
Columbus,  Ohio.';, ;  .  . 
Dallas,  TeX; ...-..'.:.. 
Denver,  (Del ...  4  .■. :  .' . . 

Detroit,  Mlcll..-: 

Duluth,  M^n.^ 

El  Paso,  Tex 

Galveston,  Tex, 

Helena,  JCIont 

Indianapolis,  Ind . .  . . . 

Jacksonville  Fla 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Key  West,  Fla 

Little  Rock,  Ark 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville,  Ky 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 


New 
York, 


876 

188 

1,767 

235 

442 

739 

847 

912 

757 

584 

637 

1,769 

1,930 

693 

1,391 

2,310 

1,782 

2,452 

825 

983 

1,342 

1,454 

1,290 

3,149 

871 

1,157 

997 


New 

Or. 

leans. 


496 

1,184 

1,720 

1,607 

1,275 

776 

491 

912 

829 

1,092 

945 

515 

1,357 

1,100 

1,391 

1,195 

410 

2,152 

888 

616 

880 

1,087 

487 

2,007 

778 

396 

997 


San 
Fran- 
cisco. 


2,810 
3,081 
1,866 
3,313 
2,804 
3,119 
2,672 
2,279 
2,377 
2,636 
2,593 
1,932 
1,376 
2,551 
2,243 
1,287 
2.157 
1,255 
2,462 
3,098 
1,986 
3,569 
2,291 
476 
2,473 
2,439 
2,364 


Port 
Town- 
send. 


2,991 
3,089 
1,516 
3,321 
2,812 
3,300 
2,853 
2,287 
2,585 
2,644 
2,601 
2,464 
1,622 
2,559 
1,854 
2,172 
2,766 
831 
2,470 
3,355 
2,103 
3,826 
2,586 
1,360 
2,591 
2,587 
2,202 


CiTV. 


Minneapolis,  Minn .  .  . 

Mobile,  Ala. 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Norfolk,  Va 

Ogden,  Utah 

Oklahoma,  Okla 

Omaha,  Neb 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Pittsburgh,  Pa 

Port  Townsend,  Wash. 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Ore 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

San  Antonio,  Tex 

San  Diego,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal . . . . 
Sante  Fe,  N.  Mex .  .  . . 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,Mich. 

Savannah,  Ga 

Seattle,  Wash 

Sioux  City,  Iowa .  . . . ; 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Tacoma,  Wash 

Toledo,  Ohio 

W.ashinstton,  D.  C.  .  .  . 


New 
York. 


1,332 
1,231 
1,372 

■'347 
2,405 
.1,608 
1,405 
91 

444 
3,199 

350 
3,204 
2,442 
1,943 
3,231 
3,191 
2,211 
1,036 

845 
3.151 
1,422 
1,322 
1,085 
3il99 

705 

228 


New 
Or- 
leans. 


1.285 
141 


1,372 
1.093 
1.S91 
,752 
1,080 
1,281 
1,142 
2,979 
1,722 
2,746 
1,928 

571 
2i088 
2,482 
1,351 
1,399 
.  661 
2,931 
1,173 
1.275 

699 
2.890 
1,040 
1,144 


San 
Fran- 
cisco. 


2,101 
2,623 
2.482 
3,191 
3.247 

786 
1,994 
1.786 
3.100 
2,747 
1.005 
3,428 

722 

823 
1,911 

602 

V,286 
2.581 
3,104 
:  957 
1.821 
2,091 
2,199 
916 
2,523 
3,()69 


Port 
Town- 
send. 


1,866 
3,027 
2,979 
3,199 
3,253 
1.098 
2,372 
1,961 
3.108 
2,755 

3,936 
233 
1,13& 
2,745. 
1,487 
1,005 
1,899 
2,367. 
3,285. 
48i 
1,917 
1,877 
2,380  - 

70; 

2,631- 
3,077 


The  distances  given  between  cities  of  the  United  States  are  computed  by-  the  Government,  and  are  j 
measured  by  land.  In  some  instances  the  distances  by  water  routes,  or  by  land  and  water  routes  ct>n!blDedij>. 
are  shorter  than  those  which  are  entirely  by  land. 


S20 


Normal  Blood-Pressure. 


MAIL  DISTANCES  AND  APPROXIMATE  TIME     TO   FOREIGN  CITIES  FROM   NEW  YORK. 
The  war  cut  off  fllreot  railroad  communication  across  Central  Europe  and  greatly  lengthened  many 
Baportant  mall,  passenger  and  freight  routes.  


BY  POSTAL  Route  to- 


Adelaide,  via  San  Francisco 

Alexandria,  via  London 

Amsterdam,  "         "       

Antwerp,       "         "       

Athens,  "         "       

Bahitt,  Brazil. 

Bangkok,  Slam,  via  San  Francisco. . . 

Bangkok,  Siam,  via  London 

Batavia,  Java,  via  London 

Berlin 

Bombay,  via  London 

Bremen 

Buenos  Ayres t 

Calcutta,  via  London 

Cape  Town,  via  London 

Constantinople,  via  London 

Florence,  via  London 

Glasgow 

Greytown,lrta  New  Orleans 

Halifax,  N.  S.  (rail) 

Hamburg,  direct. 

HambiiTg,  via  1/ondoo 

Havana 


Statute 

Miles. 

Days. 

12,845 

28 

6,150 

12 

3,985 

8 

4,000 

8 

5,655 

11 

5,870 

14 

12,900 

43 

13,125 

41 

12,800 

34 

4,385 

8 

9,765 

22 

4,235 

8 

8,045 

24 

11,120 

24 

11,245 

25 

5,810 

11 

4,800 

9 

3,370 

8 

2,815 

7 

967 

IM 

4,820 

9 

4,340 

9 

1,366 

3 

BY  POSTAL  ROTJTE  TO— 


Hongkong,  via  San  Francisco. , 
Honolulu,  via  San  Francisco. . , 

Liverpool ; ; : 

Loudon ; : 

Madrid,  via  London 

Manila,  via  San  Francisco. . . . . 
Melbourne,  via  San  Francisco. 

Mexico  City  (railroad) 

Panama 

Paris 

Petrograd,  via  London 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Rome,  via  London 

Rotterdam,  via  London 

San  Juan,  Porto  Rico 

Shanghai,  via  San  Fr.inclsco. . . 

Shanghai,  via  Berlin 

Slocknolm,  via  London 

Sydney,  via  San  Francisco.  . . . 

Valparaiso,  via  Panama 

Vienna 

Yokohama,  via  San  Francisco . 


DISTANCES    BETWEEN    EUROPEAN    CITIES. 


London 


I,1VERP00L 

Paris 


These  were  the  mall-train  route 
distances  betore  the  outbreak  ol  tlie 
war.  Many  of  the  direct  routes  have 
been  cut.ofl  since  hostilities.  The  .airline 
distances,  used  by  aviators  are,  on  the 
average,  from  three-quarters  to  (our- 
filths  the  railroad  distances. 


Madrid 
Lisbon 


Antwerp 
Hamburg 
Berlin 


Rome 


Trieste 
Warsaw 


Constantinople 
Odessa 
Moscow 


Petrograd 

StOCKHOLm|430 


406 


836 


COPENHAGENl^leWe'  1252 


950 


1356' 


1510 


1510 


363 


1339 


1733' 


2408 


1510 


J205 


84; 


811 


693 


1082 


668 


806 


172.T 


1330 


1617 


nc9 


1171 


1067 


510 


1276 


2138 


1800 


2087 


2239 


1731 


1318 


671 


BERNt 

611 

TURIN 

297 

837 

\IESH\ 

720 

535 

427 

NICH 

266 

470 

295 

401 

647 

840 

414 

639 

1048 

487 

370 

391 

533 

838 

702 

436 

1156 

1021 

398 

1564 

12?8 

2018 

1883 

1699 

1226 

960 

1680 

1545 

1240 

1513 

1247 

1967 

1832 

1209 

1395 

399 

2119 

1714 

1091 

1084 

1110 

1337 

1176 

685 

697 


1047 


885 


270 


178 


678 


839 


605 


579 


1180 


1066 


576 


1903 


1418 


1387 


1269 


580 


208 


412 


497 


460 


719 


727 


522 


1033 


1009 


895 


2025 


1737 


1700 


1588 


993 


620 


1530 


1804 
1889 


1602 
1606 
2157 
1897 
1746 


1828 


2593 
3345 
3117 


3414 


3286 


2384 


2012 


415 


1119 


1495 


1582 


1183 
10?3 


1668 


1477 


J^23 
1416 


1925 


2718 


2«25 


2904 


2874 


1972 


1600 


908 


1323 


211 


587 


674 


359 


JOO 
849 


582 


.107 


1219 


812 


•  489 


1397 


1812 


473 


859 


848 


989 


1182 


970 


1397 


863 

1352 

1067 

1557 

1899 

2232 

1760 

2119 

1843 
1699 

2117 
1976 

1491 


1181 


202 

237 

1195 

1610 

270 

657 

746 

646. 

787 

980 

768' 

1195 

1150 

1135 

2030 

1917 

1915 

1774 

1289 

979 


VELOCITY    OF    SOUND. 

l,v  undisturbed  air,  at  a  temperature  of  32°  Fahrenheit,  the  velocity  ol  sound  Is  approximately  1,090 
feet  a  second.  The  velocity  Increases  about  one  foot  a  second  for  each  degree  as  the  temperature  rises. 
This  amounts,  approximately,  as  follows: 


Fah- 

Feet     Mile 

Fah- 

Feet 

MUe 

Fah- 

Feet 

MUe 

ren- 

Per 

Per 

MUe. 

Sec- 

ren- 

Per 

P«r 

Mile. 

Sec- 

ren- 

Per 

Per 

Mile. 

Sec- 

heit. 

Sec. 

Sec. 

onds. 

heit. 

Sec. 

Sec. 

onds. 

heit. 

Sec. 

Sec. 

onds. 

30° 

1,030 

0.1951 

5.13 

20° 

1.080 

0.2045 

4.88 

70° 

1,130 

0.214D 

4.68 

20"' 

1,040 

0.1970 

5.08 

32° 

1,092 

0.2068 

4.83 

80° 

1,140 

0.2159 

4.63 

10° 

1,050 

0.1989 
0.2008 

6.03 

40° 

1,100 

0.2083 

4.80 

90° 

1,150 

0.2178 

4.59 

0 

1,060 

4.98 

50° 

1,110 

0.2102 

4.78 

100° 

1,160 

0.2187 

4.56 

10° 

1.070 

0.2027 

4.93 

60° 

1,12010.2121 

4.73 

110° 

1.170  0.2216 

4.51 

Wind  reduces  the  velocity  ol  sound  much  more  than  fog  or  rain  does.  Explosions  cannot  be  disUn- 
guished  separately  when  but  1-16  second  apart.  Soiind  in  water  travels  4,708  feet  a  second;  in  wood  It 
goes  at  least  10,0i)0  feet  a  second;  Jn  metals,  at  least  4,000  feet  a  second. 

NORMAL    BLOOD-PRESSURE. 

(From  a  N.  Y.  City  He.tlth  Department  BuUetin.) 
Faught  suggest*  t?iat  the  normal  average  systolic  pressure  for  a  male  at  the  age  of  twenty  be  con- 
sidered 120  mm.  and  that  for  every  addUlonal  two  years  ol  We  one  milUmetre  be  added.  Taking  the  figures 
thus  obtained,  a  variation  of  17  mm.  above  and  below  the  average  may  be  regarded  as  permissible.  Fisher 
gives  the  following  table  of  average  systolic  pressures  for  the  different  age  periods  and  aUows  a  variation 
of  about  12  mm.  to  each  direction: 
AGE  Periods.   '  Average  Age  Periods.  .\verase 

15^19  years 120       35-39  years 126 

20-24  years .■.....;     122       40-44  years 128 

25-1251  years. 123       45-49  years 130 

30-34  years 124       50-54  years 132 


AGE  Periods.  Average 

55-59  years 134 

60-64  years 135 

65  yeare  and  over 1S8 


Manchester  Ship  Canal  Traffic  for  1917. 


321 


STATISTICS    OF    THE    AMERICAN    MERCHANT    MARINE. 

(Also  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal  Ti-afflc.     From  the  Statistical  Abstract  of  United  States.) 


American  Vessels. 

Ton'age 
of  Ves'ls 
Passing 
Thr'ugh 
Sit.  Ste. 
Marie 
Canal. 

Year 
(Fiscal)  . 

AMERICAN  Vessels. 

Ton'age 
of  Ves'ls 
Passing 
Thr'ugh 
Sit.  Ste. 
Marie 
Canal. 

(FlSC.\L). 

Built. 

In  For. 

Trade 

and 

Whale 
Fiah'r's 

In 

Coast 
Trade 

and 
Fish'r's 

In 

Com- 
merce 
of  Gre't 
Lakes . 

Built . 

In  For. 

Trade 
and 

Whale 
Fish'r's 

In 

Coast 

Trade 

and 

Fish'r's 

In 

Com- 
merce 
of  Gre't 
Lakes . 

1800 

Gross 
tons. 
106,261 
127,575 
51,394 
58,560 
121,203 
279,255 
583,450 
214,797 
233,194 
175,075 
311,045 
415,7.10 
394,523 
336,146 
305,595 
285,304 
275,230 
276,953 
273,226 
209,052 
359,245 
432.725 
297,638 
203,585 
176,!)9I 
235.503 
193,030 
157,409 
280,458 
282,269 
265,429 
225,514 
159,056 

Gross 
tons. 

670,573 
984,608 
620,102 
577,268 
899,76.'- 
1,585,711 
2,535,206 
2,646,237 
2,642,628 
2,291,251 
2,026.114 
1,581,894 
1,602,583 
1,492,926 
1,568,032 
1,565.732 
1,566.422 
1,616,800 
l,425,iJ2 
1,410,648 
1,423.288 
1,428,923 
1.553.827 
1,592,821 
1,611,193 
1,629,(W8 
1,491,534 
1,352,810 
1,335,586 
1,292,294 
1,302,095 
1,304,221 
1.287,998 

Gross 

tons. 

301,919 

440,175 

660,065 

614,508 

1,280,999 

1,949,743 

2,676,795 

2,807,631 

2,897,185 

2,830,913 

3,128,942 

3,404,506 

3,494.199 

2,817,852 

2.736,455 

2,786,027 

2,578,219 

3,729,707 

2.857,465 

3,027,099 

3,272,739 

3,371,729 

3.299,905 

2,686,637 

3,631,407 

2,583,717 

2,678,067 

2,715,224 

2,722,148 

2,873,639 

2,933,392 

2,967,008 

2,977,936 

Gross 
tons. 

Net 
tons. 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912-. 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917* ...    . 

Gross 
tons. 

95,453 
150,450 
218,086 
231,134 
294,122 
369,302 
199,633 
211,639 
131,195 
111,602 
227,096 
232,232 
180,458 
300,038 
393,790 
483,489 
468,833 
436,162 
378,542 
330,316 
418,745 
471,332 
614,216 
238,090 
342,068 
291,162 
232,669 
346,165 
316,250 
225,122 
325,413 

Gross 

tons. 

1,111,179 

1,015,563 

943,784 

1,021,695 

946,695 

1,005,950 

994,676 

899,803 

916,180 

838,186 

844,954 

806,584 

737,709 

848,246 

826,694 

889,129 

882,555 

888,776 

898,768 

954,613 

939,486 

871,146 

940,068 

887,605 

791,825 

872,671 

932,101 

1,027,776 

1,076,152 

1,871,543 

2,191,715 

Gross 
tons. 
3,019,957 
3,090,282 
3,248,132 
3,285,880 
3,477,802 
3,678,809 
3,770,245 
3,925,268 
3,767,849 
3,797,774 
3,858,926 
3,963,436 
4,012,029 
4,015,992 
4,338,145 
4,635,089 
4,915,347 
5,198,569 
5,392,767 
5,502,030 
6,735,483 
6,067,648 
6,425,377 
6,501,250 
6,716,257 
6,766,119 
6,782,082 
6,858,775 
6,845,063 
6,517,886 
6,277,934 

Gross 
tons. 
762,560 
783,721 
874,102 
972,271 
1,063,063 
1,154,870 
1,183,582 
1,261,067 
1,227,400 
1,241,459 
1,324,067 
1,410,102 
r,437,500 
1,446,348 
1,565,687 
1,706,294 
1,816,511 
1,902,698 
2,019,208 
2,062,147 
2,234,432 
2,439,741 
2,729,169 
2,782,481 
2.895,102 
2,943,523 
2,949,924 
2,939,786 
2,882,922 
2,818,009 
2,760,815 

Net 

tons. 

4,219,397 

4,897,698 
5,130,659 
7,221,935 
8,454,435 
8,400,685 
10,647,203 
8,949,754 
13,110,366 
16,806,781 
17,249,418 
17,619,933 
18,622,754 
21,968,347 
22,315,834 
24,626,976 
31,955,582 
27,736,444 
24,364,138 
36,617,699 
41,098,324 
44,087,974 
31,091,730 
46,751,717 
49,856,123 
41,653,488 
56,736,807 
57,989.715 
41,986,339 
56,399,147 
69,824,463 
65,307,233 

1810 

1820 

1830 

1840 

1850 

1855 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1863 

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881    

1882 

1883 

1884 

3,500 
11,106 
54,199 
198,266 
362,655 
467,774 
490,445 
563,260 
635,054 
700,673 
673,697 
573,912 
617,686 
695,604 
661,366 
684,704 
712,027 
724,493 
788,412 
842,381 
837,891 
613,211 
610,160 
604,656 
597,376 
605,102 
663,382 
711,269 
723,911 
733,069 
749,948 

{66.2% 

403,657 

276,639 

359,612 

507,434 

571,438 

409,062 

458,530 

556,899 

432,563 

524,885 

690,826 

752,101 

914,735 

1,204,446 

1,070,857 

1,259,534 

1,541,676 

1,439,216 

1,667,136 

1,677,071 

1,734,890 

2,092,757 

2,468,088 

2,042,259 

2.997,837 

3,035,937 

1885    

■»  Diita  as  to  American  vessels  in  1917  withheld  by  the  Government.     The  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Canal 
tonnage  i.'s  by  calendar  years. 

VESSELS   BUILT   IN  THE   SEVERAL   SECTIONS   OF  THE   UNITED   STATES. 
(Source — Reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation.    The  term  "gross  ton"  expresses  in  units  of 
100  cubic  feet  the  entire  cubical  capacity  of  the  vessel.  Including  spaces  occupied  by  the  crew,  engines, 
boilers,  and  coal,  bunkers.) 


YEMt    (FISCAL). 

On  New  Eng- 
Coa«t. 

On  Entire 
Seaboard. 

On    Miss.    River 
and  Tributaries. 

On  Great  Lakes. 

Total. 

No. 

Gross tns. 

No. 

Gross  tns. 

No. 

Gross  tns. 

No. 

Gross  tns. 

No. 

Gross  tns. 

1896 

.163 

39:582 

an 

102,544 

95 

15,771 

117 

108,782 

723 

227,097 

1897 •. 

98 

2l942 

'      673 

103,504 

98 

11,792 

120 

116,937 

891 

232,233 

1898 

127 

23.944 

742 

112,879 

123 

13,495 

87 

54,084 

952 

180,458 

1899 

144 

.68,761 

937 

196,120 

214 

23,552 

122 

80,366 

1,273 

300,038 

1900 

.199 

,72,179 

:   1.107 

249,006 

215 

14,173 

125 

130,611 

1,447 

393,790 

1901 ' 

201 

S2,971 

1,094 

291,516 

311 

22,888 

175 

169,085 

1,580 

483,489 

1902 

225 

75,851 

1,197 

290,122 

161 

9,836 

133 

168,873 

1,491 

468,831 

1903 

203 

66,973 

1,038 

288,196 

150 

11,112 

123 

136,844 

1,311 

436,152 

1904 

170 

51,417 

878 

208,288 

187 

10,821 

119 

159,433 

1,184 

378,542 

1905 

192 

119,377 

823 

230,716 

178 

6,477 

101 

93,1'23 

1,102 

330,316 

1906 : , 

146 

106 

51 

32,311 
44.428 

850 
815 

146,883 
219,753 

167 
165 

6,591 

7,288 

204 
177 

265,271 
244,291 

1,221 
1,157 

418,745 

1907 

471,332 

1908 

70,903 

1,034 

266,937 

207 

6,114 

216 

341,165 

1,457 

614,216 

1909   

130 
111 

27.237 
23,442 

866 

887 

131,748 
167,829 

207 
193 

5,940 
5,488 

174 

281 

100,402 
168,751 

1,247 
1,361 

238,090 

1910 

342,068 

1911                    

94 
95 

23,653 
23,052 

1,004 
1,076 

190,612 
136,485 

202 
205 

6,393 
5,286 

216 
224 

94,157 
90,898 

1,422 
1,505 

291,162 

1912 

232,669 

1913 

95 
79 
89 
62 

27,131 
21,934 
18,551 
37,568 

1,022 
887 
777 
609 

247,318 
251,683 
184,605 
238,181 

234 
133 
144 
140 

7,930 
8,018 
5,499 
4,973 

219 
131 
147 
126 

90,907 
66,549 
16,467 
44,691 

1,475 

1.151 

1,157 

937 

346,155 

1914 

316,250 

1915 

225,122 

1916 

325,413 

Figures  for  1917  withheld  by  the  Government. 


MANCHESTER    SHIP    CANAL    TRAmC    FOR    1917. 

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  1917,  the  weight  ol  sea-borne  traffic  on  the  Manchester  Ship 
Can.ll,  on  which  tolls  were  paid,  amounted  to  3,843,324  tons  (ton  =  2,240  pounds),  a  decrease  of  696,843 
tons,  compared  with  1916,  due  to  restrictions  on  imports  and  exports  owing  to  war  conditions.  The  total 
receipts  from  ship  canal  tolls,  ships'  dues,  and  miscellaneous  receipts  received  during  the  year  1917  amounted 
to  54,194,903,  an  increase  compared  with  the  previous  year  of  $147,513. 


32!2       Taking  Over  of  Holland  Shipping  By  the  United  States. 


VESSEL    TONNAGE    OF    UNITED    STATES    PORTS. 

(The  figures  cover  American  and  loreigu  sailing  and  steam  craft  cleared  from  all  ports  of  the  United 
States  for  foreign  countries.  Tlie  "net  ton"  equals  100  cubic  feet  of  carrying  capacity,  exclusive  of  deduc- 
tions for  space  occupied  by  cabins,  machinery,  etc.) 


YEAB  (Fiscal). 

Seaports — Sailing. 

Sbaeorts — Steam. 

ALL  PORTS, 

TOTAL  SAILING  &  STEAM. 

American. 

Foreign. 

American. 

Foreign. 

American. 

Foreign. 

Total. 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

Net  tons. 

1,372,947 

1,343,089 

1,425,906 

1,270,962 

1,326,434 

1,205.714 

1.126.958 

1.139.285 

918.252 

1,008,363 

958,489 

908,369 

813.131 

632,732 

518,607 

618.417 

667,237 

475,713 

537,776 

487.230 

428,831 

444,227 

591.606 

768.455 

558.478 

838.994 

1.146.028 

1.204,933 

Net  tons. 
3.153,641 
2,915,753 
2,982,504 
2,908,809 
2.554.733 
2.479.509 
2.607,038 
2,557,985 
2,867.154 
2.341,898 
2,340,202 
2.128,691 
2,110,931 
2.027,931 
1,802,426 
1,541,164 
1,602.293 
1.426,919 
1,318,012 
1.160.642 
1,147.599 
1.091.829 
996.156 
1.055,640 
1,015,943 
909,945 
1,164,129 
1,033,635 

Net  tons. 
2,017,070 
2,372,994 
2,325,144 
2.266.169 
2.420.214 
2.409.944 
2.614.111 
2.498.164 
2.312.762 
2.454,886 
3,047,625 
3,111,400 
3,142,384 
3,298,206 
3,317,234 
3,640,924 
3,255,969 
3,321,782 
3,750,519 
3,727.978 
3,767,229 
3.983,121 
4,201,917 
4,520,697 
4,626,729 
6,271,468 
8,616,829 
10,133,933 

Net  tons. 
8,885,391 
8,778,874 
11,624,611 
10,379,541 
11,004,952 
10,928,478 
11,570,683 
13,682.971 
15,793,670 
16,372.336 
17.271.342 
18.740,908 
18,175,658 
18,864,295 
18,553.716 
19.219,315 
21,444,351 
23,274,694 
24,592,020 
24,228,206 
25,166,295 
26,77^,436 
28,916,339 
31,221,160 
33,542,062 
27,437,454 
28,017,606 
25,721,304 

Net  tons. 

4.066,757 

4,465.402 

4,536.151 

4,403,362 

4,739,918 

4,504,227 

5,329,599 

5,618,142 

5,111,447 

6,471,752 

6,208,918 

6,417,347 

6,821,555 

6,975,227 

6,641,374 

7,203,008 

7.580.533 

8.092,557 

8,435,207 

8,491,725 

8,808,603 

9,753,463 

11,703,467 

13,945,801 

13,740,628 

13,418,282 

17,902,068 

19,145,754 

Net  tons. 
14,082,105 
13.805.430 
16.624,882 
15,367,384 
16,531,772 
15,246,319 
16,084,986 
18,091,053 
20,636,785 
20.794.224 
22.072.223 
23.402.546 
23.622.527 
24.340.941 
23.374.201 
23,954,533 
26,203,921 
27,897,500 
29,846,489 
29,704,756 
30,897,255 
32,683,684 
34,713,445 
37.206.158 
39,442,781 
33,466.800 
34,520,940 
32,931,316 

Net  tons. 

18,148,862 

18,260,832 

21,161,033 

19,760,746 

20,271,690 

1895 

1896 

1897 

19,750,546 
21,414,585 
23,709,195 

1898 

25,748,232 

1899 

1900 

26,265,976 
28,281,141 

1901 

1902   

29,819,893 
30,444,082 

1903 

31,316,168 

1904 

30,015,575 

1905 

31,157,541 

1906 

33,784,454 

1907 

35,990,057 

1908 

38,281,696 

1909 

38,196,481 

1910 

39,705.858 

1911 

42.437.147 

1912 

46,416,912 

1913 

51,151,959 

1914 

53,183,409 

1915 

46,885,088 

1916 

1917 

52,423,008 
62.077,070 

VESSELS    CLEARED    FROM    U.    S.  .SEAPORTS    TO    FOREIGN    COUNTRIES. 


Year  (Fiscal). 

Belgium. 

France. 

Germany. 

Italy. 

N  ether- 
lands. 

Spain. 

United 
Kingdom. 

1893 

Net  tons. 
560,776 
521,761 
464,389 
534,755 

Net  tons. 

772,777 

927,737 

813,110 

749,120 

864,767 

1,437,702 

929,080 

1,011,322 

1,058,468 

977,606 

944,079 

872,248 

877,547 

1,096,762 

1,239.114 

1,213,792 

1,328,842 

1.233,987 

1.264,688 

1,371,708 

1,628,388 

1,763,808 

2,826.116 

3,636.707 

3,847,685 

Net  tons. 
1,618,978 
1.513.010 
1.604.062 
1.670,748 
2,079,382 
2,517,670 
2,460,952 
2,706,337 
2.621,748 
2,397,632 
2.579.030 
2.617.361 
2.585,795 
2,853,750 
3,102,519 
3,318,889 
3,143,898 
3,042,738 
3,073,205 
3,521,582 
3,832,474 
3,902,073 
428,188 

Net  tons. 

319.711 

347,304 

~    383,525 

353,258 

426,772 

455,635 

486,789 

538,957 

689,113 

703.016 

780,609 

765,131 

1,007,923 

1.279,349 

1,327,009 

1,464.587 

1,586.357 

1.749.996 

1.639,683 

1,489,359 

1,537,016 

1,893,915 

2,693,815 

3,579,713 

2,338,641 

Net  tons. 
599,294 
690,805 
476,537 
825,052 
1,061,546 
1,211,445 
1,455,756 
1,303,168 
1,280.044 
1  136,150 
1,214,546 
1,049.105 
1,002,084 
1,297,688 
1,208,000 
1,273.351 
1,294,345 
1,284,441 
1,297,108 
1.411.444 
1.851.027 
1.760.676 
1.675.298 
1.366.143 
1,291,529 

Net  tons. 
194,901 
200,857 
174,396 
161,407 
159,655 
134,599 
143.914 
212.350 
219,056 
232,046 

;  265,364 
257,439 
259,490 
260,406 
301,957 
316,899 
322,140 
259,325 
289,016 
323,763 
392,713 
422,671 
447,928 
558.641 
552,551 

Net  tons. 
5.927,712 

1894 

6,222,875 

1895 

6,139,570 

1896 

6,930,292 

1897 

666,127 

875,040 

831,583 

832.434 

796,083 

926,012 

1,005,628 

902.797 

792,162 

918,311 

935,314 

938,581 

957,967 

935,294 

939.698 

1.014,460 

1,173,367 

1,131,734 

161.356 

7,163,057 

1898 

1899 

7,699,934 
7,304,929 

1900 

7,047,998 

1901 

8,034,448 

1902 

7,286,604 

1903 

7,194,464 

1904 

7,036,536 

190S 

5,939.024 

1906 

7,187.402 

1907. ..: 

7.301.040 

1908 

7.426,007 

1909 

7,076,231 

1910 

6,498,344 

1911 

7,385,826 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

6,953,824 
7,377,419 
7,593,402 
8,152,340 

1916 

8,304,707 

1917 

828 

8,639,716 

INVENTORY    OF    NORWEGIAN    MERCHANT    MARINE' 

An  official  report  inventories  Norwegian  ships  as  follows:  January.  1915 — 2.137.  of  2,490.136  tons; 
ranuary.  1916—2.159,  ol  2,576,218  tons;  January,  1917 — 1,669,  of  1,996,214  tons-  January,  1918 — 2,036, 
>f  2,562,395  tons.  New  ships  launched  in  Sweden  during  1917  aggregated'29,000  gross  tons,  compared 
Nitb  25,000  tons  in  1916  and  20,000  tons  in  1915.  According  to  the  harbor  master  of  Copenhagen  the 
aumber  of  ships  entering  the  harbor  in  1917  was,  for  11  months,  as  follows:  Steamships — 4,404,  of  1,658,500 
registered  tons;  sailing  vessels — 5.268,  of  262,803  registered  tons. 


TAKING    OVER    OF    HOLLAND    SHIPPING    BY    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

UNDER  powers  conferred  on  him  by  the  Military  and  Naval  Establishments  Act  of  June  15,  1917,  Prcsi- 
lent  Wilson,  on  March  20,  1918,  took  over,  by  proclamation,  many  of  Holland's  ahlps  lying  In  American 
aarbors;  to  be  manned,  equipped  and  operated  by  the  Navy  Department  and  the  United  States  Shipping 
Board;  the  owners  to  receive  full  compensation.  Among  the  vessels  were  the  following,  the  figures  showing 
;ross  tonnage:  AlKaid,  3,028;  Ameland,  3,511;  Ball,  6,694;  Barendrecht,  3,704;  Bellatrix,  3,552;  Besoeki, 
5.778;  Biesbosch,  484;  Buitenzorg,  7,098;  Bussum,  3,683;  Gooiland,  3,839;  Gorredyk,  6,463;  Jobshaven, 
?,528;  Kralingen,  1.379;  Maartensdyk.  6,483;  Magdalena.  2,173;  Merak,  3,024;  Merauke,  6,674;  Mercurius. 
2,836;  Mirach,  3,263;  Neptunua,  1,580;  Noord-Brabant,  2,332;  Phecda,  2,637;  Prins  Frederik  Hendrik, 
2.164;  Prins  Wlllem  I..  2,121;  Rondo.  7,549;  Ryndam,  12,527;  Ryndyk,  3.557;  Sassenheim,  2,168;  Triton, 
i.883;  Veendyk.  6,874;  Veerhaven.  3,003;  Vesta,  1,835;  Waalhaven,  3.651;  Westerdyk,  8,261;  Woudrlchem, 
*,015;  Wieldrecht,  3.560;  Yselhaven.  3.55S:  Zeelaiidia.  7.995. 


Seasonal  Distribution  of  Fog.  323 

THE    PANAMA    CANAL. 

(Opened  for  navigation  August  15,   1914.) 

The  governmc-ut  ot  the  Canal  Zone  and  Canal  is  under  tlie  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  subject 
to  the  President's  approval. 

Executive  Department — Headquarters,  Balboa  Heights;  Col.  Chester  Harding,  U.  S.  A.,  Governor; 
M.  B.  Stevens,  Secretary;  C.  A.  IMcIlvaine,  Executive  Secretary;  W.  P.  Copeland,  Chief  Cleric,  Executive 
Office:  Guy  Johannes,  Chief,  Division  ot  Police  and  Fire;  Crcde  H.  Calhoun,  Chief,  Division  of  Civil  Affairs; 
A.  R.  Lang,  Superintendent,  Division  of  Schools:  T.  S.  Booz,  General  Secretary,  Bureau  of  Clubs  and 
Playgrounds:  Franli  Feuille,  Special  Attorney,  Ancou;  Walter  F.  Van  Dame,  Assistant  to  the  Special 
Attorney  and  Acting  Land  Agent,  Ancon;  Cliarles  R.  Williams,  District-Attorney,  Ancon. 

Joint  Commission — Ricardo  J.  Alfaro,  Panama  City;  Burt  New,  Ancon;  Federlco  Boyd,  Panama 
City.  Ancon;  Geoi-ge  A.  Connolly,  Ancon;  G.  E.  Bliss,  Secretary. 

The  Canal  h.'ts  a  summit  elevation  of  85  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  50  miles  long  from  deep  water  In 
the  Ciiribbean  to  deep  water  in  the  Pacific.  The  distance  from  deep  water  to  the  shore  line  in  Llmon  Bay 
ls'4'  .  miles,  and.  from  the  Pacific  shore  line  to  deep  water  4  miles;  hence  the  length  of  the  Canal  from 
shore' to  shore  is  approximately  41)4  miles.  The  channel  ranges  In  width  from  300  to  1,000  feet.  The 
average  bottom  width  of  the  channel  in  this  project  is  649  feet,  and  the  minimum  width  is  300  feet.  The 
Canal  has  a  minimum  depth  of  41  feet.  The  time  required  for  the  passage  of  a  ship  of  medium  size  through 
the  entire  length  of  the  Canal' is  estimated  at  from  9M  to  10  hours,  and  for  larger  vessels  from  lOH  to 
11  hours.  The  Gatun  Dam  along  the  crest  is  8,000  feet  long,  including  tlie  spillway,  or  about  1)4  miles, 
and  2  100  feet  wide  at  its  greatest  width.  The  crest  of  the  dam  is  at  an  elevation  of  115  feet  above  sea 
level,  or  30  feet  above  the  normal  level  of  Gatun  Lake,  and  100  feet  wide.  The  width  of  the  dam  at  the 
normal  water  level  of  the  lake,  i.  e.,  85  feet  above  sea  level.  Is  about  388  feet. 

CONSTRUCTION    COST    OF   THE    CANAL. 

The  construction  cost  o?  the  Canal  Is  estimated  at  somewhat  over  8378,000,000.  This  does  not  Include 
over  S28  000,000  for  fortifications,  850,000,000  for  Canal  rights,  and  other  items  not  actually  for  construc- 
tion, wlilch  make  the  total  appropriations  by  Congress  for  the  Canal  slightly  over  5439,000,000  up  to  the 
end  of  the  1917  fiscal  year.  ^.       ,        „„   ,„,_ 

The  total  number  of  ships  making  the  transit  of  the  Canal  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1917, 
In  seagoing  traffic  was  1,876.  In  the  fiscal  year  1916  the  total  was  787;  in  1915,  it  was  1,088.  The  aggregate 
eross  and  net  tonnages  of  the  1,876  ships  in  the  year  1917,  according  to  the  rules  of  measurement  for  the 
Panama  Canal,  «ere  8,530,121  and  6,009,358  tons,  respectively.  The  cargo  carried  through  the  Canal 
amounted  to  7,229,255  tons  of  2,240  pounds.     Tolls  amounted  to  83,677,695.  ,       ^,  ,. 

.'^hips  making  the  passage  of  the  Canal  without  cargo,  including  naval  ships  and  pleasure  craft  whlcS 
did  not  carry  caix'O,  as  well  as  merchant  ships  in  ballast,  aggregated  284.  Of  these,  187  were  in  transit 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  and  97  from  the  Pacific  to  the  Atlantic;  net  tonnages  were  574,881  ana 
219  907  respectively.  The  average  net  tonnage  of  all  ships  was  3,203  tons.  The  average  net  tonnag« 
of  the  ships  carrying  cargo  was  3,275  tons.     The  average  loading  of  the  ships  with  cargo  was  4,541  tons 

in  1914  there  were  onlv  four  and  one-half  months  of  traffic.  In  1915  traffic  was  suspended  from  the 
middle  ot  Septemfter  to  the"  close  of  the  year.  In  1916  it  was  suspended  three  and  one-half  months,  until 
April   15.     The  cost  for  operation  and  maintenance  in  the  same  period  was  87,142,124.0.0. 

Distances  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco  by  water,  former  route,  13,135  miles;  via  Panama  Canal, 
6  262  miles.  New  York  to  Hawaii,  former  all-water  route,  12,800  miles;  by  Canal,  7,000  miles.  New 
York  to  Manila  via  Hawaii,  former  route,  17,800  miles;  by  Canal,  12,000  miles.  ,         ,„  „-« 

The  Canal  brings  Callao  4,320  miles  nearer  Liverpool  by  steamer,  reducing  the  distance  from  10,230 
miles  to  5,910  mijes  and  saving  about  14  days  in  time.  T9  Valparaiso  the  shortening  ln_d_istance_is^l,813 
mile  '  "     '  '    "  ....      ,      ^  „  ^-_.        „..   ^-  ^ .. 

Stat 

via  -         - 

Between  New  York  and  Yokohama  the  reduction  is  3,729  miles,  and  that  Japanese  city  is  brought 
nearer  to  New  York  than  Liverpool  by  1,805  miles.  Shanghai  is  1.629  miles  nearer  to  New  ^ork.  Sydney, 
Australia  is  3,806  miles  nearer  to  New  York,  and  the  distance  between  the  two  cities  is  2,382  miles  less 
than  the  distance  between  Sydney  and  Liverpool.  AVellington,  New  Zealand,  Is  2,542  miles  nearer  New 
York  and  the  distance  between  them  is  2,759  miles  less  than  between  Wellington  and  Liverpool.  Between 
New  Zealand  and  Eiu-ope  there  is  an  average  saving  of  1,600  miles. 

PANAMA    CANAL    TOLL    RATES. 
1    On  merchant  vessels  carrying  passengers  or  cargo,  one  dollar  and  twenty  cents  (SI. 20)  pet 
net  vessel  ton — each  one  hundred  (100)  cubic  feet— of  actual  earning  capacity. ,        ,^       ,,         ^      , 

2.  On  vessels  In  ballast  without  passengers  or  cargo,  forty  (40)  per  cent,  less  than  the  rate  01 
tolls  for  vessels  with  passengers  or  cargo.  ,,,,,,,,  j   „„„r^l„  c.>,ir,c    ntt-o 

3.  Upon  naval  vessels,  other  than  transports,  colliers,  hospital  ships,  and  supply  ships,  fifty 

*^-°\''^Upon^Army  anTNavy°wansport3,  colliers,  hospital  ships  and  supply  ships,  one  dollar  and 
twenty  cents  (?1.20)  per  net  ton,  the  vessels  to  be  measured  by  the  same  rules  as  are  employed  m 
determining  the  net  tonnage  of  merchant  vessels.  cukaaa.  t„i„    si7i  rst- 

Panama  Canal  toUs  and  receipts,  by  months.  1917— May,  8634,421;  June,  S41 5344;  July,  |17 1,687, 
August  8584^77;  September,  $648,787;  October,  8277,158;  November,  5122,208;  December,  $626,568. 
1918-January.  $302,895;  February,  $585,348;  March,  $1,047,330;  April.  5635  705;  May  5378  705;  June, 
S655  481  Total  for  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1918  (not  including  May  and  June,  1917),  $6,038,349 
'  Panama  Canal  disbursements,  by  months,  1917-May  52,030,451;  June  |919.445;  July,  81.511  814; 
August,  S2.019.363;  September.  51.364,980;  October,  81,623>392;  November.  $1  200.022;  December  $1  914  - 
433  191&— January,  Sl.315.909;  February,  51,838,793;  March.  $1,512,840;  April,  $1,674  608;  May. 
$1  103  627rjune,  $2,188,282  Total  for  yea^  ending  June  30,  1918  (not  including  May  and  June,  1917), 
$19,268,093.  . 

SEASONAL    DISTRIBUTION    OF    FOG; 

A  study  of  the  number  of  hours  of  fog  and  thick  weather  that  are  to  be  observed  in  each  month  at 
selected  typical  stations  in  various  general  localities  on  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  coasts  has  been  made  by 

*^^  ^t'ture's1?.dS'"^h^'foli»"reneral  fact.-  Fog  is  mostVevaient  along  the  ^^l-^^-g--^^o^l 
In  the  Summer  months,  and  on  the  South  Atlantic  coast  during  the  Winter  months.  On  the  Middle  Atlantic 
coast  fog  is  more  evenly  distributed,  the  minimum  amounts  occurring  during  the  late  Summer  and  earb 
Autumn  On  the  Pacific  coast  of  the  Ciiiled  States  proper  the  distribution  of  fog  Is  fairly  uniform  in  all 
port"^s'from  north  ?5soumr  the  minimum  amounts  being  observed  in  the  Spring  an^i  the  maximum  in  the 
late  Summer  and  early  fall,  resembling,  in  general,  the  .=ame  seasonal  distribution  as  obtains  in  New  Englana. 


324 


Suez  Canal  Traffic  for  1916. 


FOC    DURATCON    AVERAGES. 


STATION. 


Petit  Manan,  Me. 

Whitehead,  Me ....'; 

Llbby  Islands,  Me 

Matlnlcus  Rock.  Me 

Great  Duck  Island.  Me 

West  Quoddy  Head.  Me 

Moose  Peak.  Me 

Egg  Rock.  Me 

Point  Reyes,  Cal 

Seguln,  Me 

Mount  Desert,  Me"; 

Little  River,  Me 

The  Cuckolds,  Me 

Swlftsure  Bnk  Light  Ves..  Wash. 
Calumet  Harbor,  III 


Ave. 

Years 

Per 

Hours 

of 

Cent. 

of  Fog 

Rec- 

of 

PerYr. 

ord. 

Fog. 

1,691 

31 

19 

1.544 

31 

18 

1.536 

31 

17 

1.399 

31 

16 

1,384 

25 

16 

1,372 

31 

16 

1.356 

3 

15 

1.341 

11 

15 

1.337 

31 

15 

1,331 

31 

15 

1.304 

24 

15 

1.219 

10 

14 

1.208 

23 

14 

1.203 

9 

14 

1,196 

9 

14 

Station. 


Pollock  Rip  Slue  Lht.  Ves..  Mass. 

Bonlta  Point,  Cal 

Manana  Island,  Me 

Point  Arena,  Cal 

Blunts  Reef  Light  Vessel,  Cal.  . 
Gt.  Round  Shoal  Lht.  Ves..  Mass 

Nash  Island.  Me 

Pollock  Rip  Light  Vessel,  Mass 

Point  Cabrillo.  Cal 

Humboldt.  Cal 

San  Luis  Obispo.  Cal 

Nantucket  Shoals  Lht.  Ves..  Mass 
San  Ftanciseo  I^ight  Vessel,  Cal 
Gloucester  Breakwater,  Mass. . 


Ave. 
Hours 
of  Fog 
PerYr. 


1,175 
1.143 
1.116 
1,076 
1,065 
1,064 
1,063 
1,061 
1,045 
1,037 
1,027 
1,005 
1,004 
),002 


Years 

of 
Rec- 
ord. 


14 

31 

31 

31 

10 

23 

10 

31 

7 

7 

25 

23 

18 

4 


Per 
Cent. 

of 
Fog. 


13 
13 
13 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
11 
11 
11 


TYPICAL   CASES   OF   P'OO    DURATION, 


Hours 
of  Fog. 

Year. 

Hours 
of  Fog. 

Year. 

Sc^uin                        

2,734 
1,727 
1,809 
912 
902 
320 
128 

1907 
1907 
1885 
1887 
1904 
1898 
1913 

Cubits  Gap 

819 
1.224 
1.085 
2.269 
1,144 
1,770 
2,145 

1907 

Great  Round' Shoal  Light  Vessel 

!N<*w  TjOndon  Harbor        

Cleveland  Breakwater 

1915 

Thunder  Bay  Island 

1909 

Calumet  Harbor 

1913 

Cape  Henry 

Scotch  Cap 

1915 

Martins  Industry  Light  Vessel 

Egmont  Key 

Swlftsure  Bank  Light  Vessel 

San  Francisco  Light  Vessel 

1912 
1915 

PACIFIC    MAIL'S    SEVENTIETH    ANNIVERSARY. 

The  seventieth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  Pacific  Mall  Steam.slilp  Company  was  celebrated 
at  Shanghai,  China,  on  April  12.  1918.  with  a  banquet,  attended  by  200  prominent  business  men,  mostly 
American.  The  local  agent  of  the  company,  who  presided,  referred  to  the  fact  that  it  was  exactly  134 
years  ago  that  the  first  American  ship,  the  Empress  of  China,  a  boat  of  360  tons,  sailed  from_a  port  of  the 
United  States  for  Canton,  China.  The  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company  was  Incorporalfld  m  New  York. 
April  12,  1848.  Its  first  steamer  in  the  China  trade  was  the  Colorado,  a  side-wheeler  of  3,000  tons,  which 
was  despatched  from  San  Francisco  for  Hongkong  on  January  1.  1867,  touched  at  Yokohama  and  Honolulu, 
and  returned  to  San  Francisco  in  exactly  78  days.  The  California,  a  picture  of  which  appeared  on  the  menu, 
operated  between  New  York  and  San  Francisco  around  Cape  Horn.  In  one  of  the  addresses  attention 
was  directed  to  the  fact  that,  while  at  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the  Pacific  Mall  Steamship  Company, 
and  for  many  years  thereafter.  Japanese  tonnage  was  not  represented  at  the  port  of  Shanghai,  the  returns 
for  1917  show  that  the  tonnage  of  Japanese  vessels  entering  and  clearing  approximated  5.000.000,  being 
Becond  only  to  the  British  tonnage,  which  was  over  5,500,000.     Ten  years  ago  the  British  tonnage  was 

freater  than  that  of  all  other  nationalities  represented,  the  American  tonnage  then  being  848,650,  as  against 
09,492  for  1917.  The  Japanese  tonnage  10  years  ago  was  about  3,000,000,  but  Japan  was  not  represented 
at  all  50  years  ago,  when  the  total  tonnage  of  American  and  Brltislj  vessels  entering  and  clearing  at  Shanghai 
aggregated  691,086  and  911,171,  respectively. 

The  first  records  obtainable  date  back  62  years,  and  were  collected  by  the  Chinese  cu.'?toms  authorities 
from  the  newspapers  then  published.  Thus  in  1856  the  available  statistical  data  show  that  American 
vessels  entering  and  clearing  at  Shanghai  for  that  year  numbered  120,  aggregating  74,678  tons.  For  the 
same  year  the  number  of  British  vessels  entering  and  clearing  is  given  as  610,  with  the  aggregate  tonnage 
of  182,215.  Roughly  estimated,  the  average  tonnage  of  American  sailing  ve.'?Rel9  of  that  day  was  about 
600  tons,  while  the  average  tonnage  of  the  British  vessels  wa.s  about  300  ton.^. 


SUEr    CANAL    TRAFFIC    FOR    1916. 

(There  are  no  later  official  figures.) 
THE  number  and  net  tonnage  of  vessels  of  all  nationalities  passing  through  the  canal  In  the  past  three 
years  are:       


Flag. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916 

Vessels. 

Net  Tons. 

Vessels. 

Net  Tons. 

Vessels. 

Net  Tona. 

United  States .           ... 

3 
176 

2,562 
631,730 

1 

3,436 

16 

34,732 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

1 

46 
171 

2,170 
166.497 
666,122 

1 

37 

190 

2,437 

Denmark ..-.'. 

42 
228 
481 

49 
131 

64 
347 

41 
3 

163,832 

799,624 

2,118.946 

138.042 

369,239 

354,367 

1,389,390 

96,647 

2,491 

145.378 

France 

773,679 

rJermn.ny ,  ,  ,  , 

Greece,  i^ 

47 
124 
119 
334 

48 

95,876 

363.488 

565,945 

1,334.474 

135.544 

23 
142 

27 
167 

65 

54.640 

Italy 

438.830 

Japan 

Netherlands 

6M.856 
643.208 

Norway 

166,683 

Persia 

Roumanla 

2 
9 

3.758 

Russia 

7i 
2 
26 
35 
2.5 
3.078 

200.423 

5.050 

71,558 

132.027 

23,289 

12,910,278 

17 

59.635 

27,414 

Slam 

Spain 

26 
38 

72,766 
144.330 

22 
31 

C").914 

Sweden 

i  i  0.628 

Turkey 

United  Kingdom 

■  2,736 

i  1,656,638 

2.388 

9,788.190 

Total 

4,802 

19,409,495 

3,708 

15.266.155 

3,110 

12.325,347 

325 


The  New  York  State  Canal  System,      

THE  NEW  YORK  STATE  CANAL  SYSTEM. 

(Communieated  by  W.  W.  Wotherspoon,  New  York  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Works.) 

THE  route  ol  the  improved  Erie  Canal,  commonly  known  as  the  Erie  Barge  Canal,  was  placed  In  com- 
mission for  the  entire  distance  between  Troy  and  Buffalo  on  May  15,  1918.  The  Champlain  Barge  Canal, 
from  Troy  to  Whitehall,  was  completed  May  15,  1917.  The  Oswego  Barge  Canal,  coimecting  with  Lake 
Ontario  at  Oswego,  also  has  been  completed  and  Is  in  commission.  The  Improvement  of  the  Cayuga  and 
Seneca  branches  was  stUl  under  way  In  1918. 

Since  May,  1918,  Oie  movement  of  freight  on  the  Erie  Canal  has  been  under  the  control  of  the  National 
Government,  through  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration. 

The  moneys  e-xpended  up  to  July  1,  1918,  for  canal  improvement  under  recent  bond  Issues  are  as  follows: 
Erie,  Champlain,  and  Oswego  Canals,  under  bond  issue  of  1903  and  1915,  §118,691,962.  Cayuga  and 
Seneca  Canal  Improvement,  under  bond  issue  of  1909,  §7,053,863.  For  construction  of  terminal  docks 
with  warehouses,  and  freight-handling  machinery  on  all  canals,  under  bond  issue  of  1911,  810,469,656. 
The  al)ove  flgtires  include  land  damages  and  adjusted  claims  ol  all  kinds.  The  new  Champlain  Canal,  from 
Troj'  to  Whitehall,  has  been  fully  completed.  The  new  Erie-Oswego  route,  from  the  Hudson  River,  at 
Troy,  to  Lake  Ontario,  at  Oswego,  also  has  been  completed. 

The  improved  Erie  Canal  is  the  main  waterway  and  extends  across  the  State  from  Troy  to  Buffalo. 
OfBciplly,  the  route  commences  at  Congress  Street,  Troy,  and  follows  the  line  of  the  Hudson  River  to 
Waterford,  where  the  westward  turn  is  made.  From  Waterford  the  line  of  the  Mohawk  River,  canalized. 
Is  generally  followed  to  a  point  beyond  Little  Falls.  Westerly  from  this  point  the  new  channel  follows  the 
route  of  the  old  canal  In  part,  but  passes  the  northerly  outskirts  of  the  City  of  Utica  on  a  new  line,  thence 
to  the  south  of  Rome  and  then  into  and  across  Oneida  iMke.  Passing  out  of  Oneida  Lake,  the  Oneida  River 
Is  used  to  its  junction  vritix  the  Seneca  River  at  Three  River  Point;  thence  through  the  Seneca  River  to  and 
through  the  Clyde  River  to  a  point  east  of  Lyons;  thence  following  the  old  canal,  deepened  and  enlarged, 
to  a  point  beyond  Pittsford.  Here  the  channel  leaves  the  old  route,  crossing  the  Genesee  River  about  a 
mile  .south  of  Rochester  on  a  pool  created  by  the  construction  of  a  dam,  joining  the  line  of  the  old  cana) 
a  few  miles  westerly,  and  continuing  thence  in  the  former  channel,  deepened  and  widened,  to  and  tiirough 
Tonawanda  Creek,  canalized,  to  Tonawanda,  where  the  Niagara  River  is  entered  and  followed  to  Lake  Erie, 
at  Buffalo.     The  length  of  the  Erie  Canal  is  approximately  340  miles. 

.\  section  of  the  old  Erie  Canal  has  been  retained  for  use,  without  enlargement,  between  its  junction 
witli  the  improved  Erie  Canal  at  Waterford  and  Albany.  Boats  may  enter  this  section  of  the  canal  at  Its 
northtrn  end  at  Waterford  from  the  Hudson  River  by  means  of  the  upper  or  lower  side  cut  locks  at  Water- 
vllet,  or  at  its  southern  end  from  the  Hudson  River,  at  Albany.  This  canal  passes  through  the  City  ol 
\^atet'vliet  ' 

The  section  of  the  old  canal  between  Mohawk  and  Rome  also  has  been  retained  without  enlargement. 
This  passes  through  the  City  ol  Utica.  It  may  be  entered  either  at  Mohawk  or  Rome  by  means  of  junction 
locks.  The  old  Erie  Canal,  through  the  cities  of  Syracuse  and  Rochester,  has  also  been  continued  In  use 
diuring  1918,  together  with  the  section  between  Tonawanda  and  Buffalo. 

"i'he  dimensions  of  boats  using  the  above  sections  of  the  old  canal  will  be  limited  to  the  following: 
Length,  98  feet;  width,  17  feet  5  Inches;  draught,  6  feet,  and  height  above  water  line,  11  feet  6  inches;  ex- 
cepting, however,  that  the  draught  of  boats  using  the  unimproved  Champlain  Canal  between  Waterford 
and  Watervliet  is  limited  to  4  feet  6  inches. 

T'/ie  improved  Champlain  Canal  commences  in  the  Hudson  River  at  Waterford,  where  the  Improved 
Erie  Canal  starts  westward,  and  follows  generally  the  channel  of  the  Hudson  River,  canalized,  as  far  north- 
ward as  Fort  Edward,  where  a  new  route  has  been  established  to  Whitehall  on  the  inlet  of  Lake  Champlain. 

The  improved  Caytfga  and  Seneca  Canal  branches  off  in  a  southerly  direction  from  the  Improved  Erie 
Canal  at  a  point  near  Montezuma.  The  Cayuga  branch  follows  the  valley  of  the  Seneca  River  to  Cayuga 
Lake:  thence  through  Cayuga  Lake  to  the  Cayuga  Lake  inlet  at  Ithaca.  The  Seneca  branch  follows  the 
Seneca  River  in  a  we.sterly  direction  from  the  Cayuga  branch  near  the  foot  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  connects 
with  Seneca  Lake  neajr  Geneva;  thence  through  Seneca  Lake  to  Watklns,  with  an  extension  to  Montour  Falls. 

The  Improved  Oswego  Canal  branches -northerly  from  the  improved  Erie  Canal  at  Three  River  Point 
and  follows  generally  the  line  of  the  Oswego  River,  canalized,  to  Lake  Ontario  at  Oswego. 

Tlic  Black  River  Canal  has  been  retained  without  enlargement  and  extends  from  its  Junction  with  the 
Erie  Canal  at  Rome  northerly  to  Carthage,  although  it  is  not  navigable  further  north  than  Lyons  Falls. 

The  width  of  the  new  canal  channel  varies  according  to  the  section  traversed.  Through  canalized 
rivers  and  lakes  tVie  channel  is  at  least  two  hundred  feet  wide.  Tiirough  rock  cuts  in  land  lines  a  mini' 
mum  bottom  width  of  ninety-four  feet  has  been  provided,  and  through  earth  sections  the  minimum  width 
at  the  bottom  of  the  ohamiel  is  seventy-five  feet. 

ERIE    CANAL    DISTANCE    TABLE — NEW    YORK    TO    BtTFFALO. 


Place 

From 

From 
Buffalo 

Placr?. 

to 
Place 

New 
York 

N.  Y.  City,  Pier  r,  and  6,  E  R 

.00 

506  72 

Dobbs  Ferry 

23  80 

23  80 

482  92 

Erie  Raih-oad  doi ';? 

2  20 

20.0 

480  72 

Tarrytown 

2  30 

28  3 

478  42 

Nyack .    ... 

9 

29  2 

477   52 

Ossining 

4  6 

33  8 

472   92 

Haverstraw...             .... 

4  0 

37   8 

468  92 

Peekskill 

7   1 

44  9 

461.82 

West  Point •.    . 

7  4 

o2  3 

454  42 

Cold  Spring 

2   6 

54  9 

451  82 

Coru'vail  Landing          

2   (i 

57   5 

449  22 

Newburgh ...    . 

3   6 

61    1 

445 . 62 

Fisbl^ill 

3 

61   4 

445.32 

New  Hamburg           

6  4 

67  8 

438  92 

PoughUeepsie       

7  9 

75  7 

431  02 

Kingston,  on  side  line  1.2  miles 

lon:4  .... 

16  4 

92.1 

417  02 

Rhinecliff 

15.3 

91.0 

415  72 

10.5 
10  6 

4   1 
.2 

6.9 

101.5 
112.1 
116  2 
116  4 
123.3 

405  22 

Catskill 

394 . 62 

Atheas , 

390.52 

Hudson 

390.32 

Coxsackie 

383  42 

New  Baltimore 

6  4 

129.7 

377  02 

Cocyraans 

2.0 

131   7 

375  02 

Castlcton 

4.0 

135  7 

371   02 

PLACES. 


Rensselaer,  Ferry  St 

Albany,  Madison  Ave 

Albany  terminal 

Rensselaer,  Forbes  Ave 

Troy,  Washington  St.  terminal 

Watervliet,  at  ferry 

Troy,  upper  terminal     .... 

Troy,  Federal  lock 

Cohoes  terminal,  Ontario  St. . 
Mohawk  R  below  Union  bridge 
Waterford — junction  Erie  and 

Champlain  Canals 

Waterford,  Third  St.  termin.al 
Lock  No  2,  Erie  Canal    . 
Lock  No   3,  Erie  Canal 
Lock  No  4,  Erie  Canal   . 
Lock  No.  5,  Erie  Canal 
Lock  No.  6,  Erie  Canal.    . 

Guard  gate  No.  2 

Crescent  terminal 

Dunsback  Ferry 

Fort's  Ferry 

Vischer's  Ferry 

Lock  No.  7 

Rexf ord  (aqueduct) 

Schenectady  terminal 

Lock  No.  8,  Scotia 

Rotterdam  Junction  (west) . 


Place 

to 
Place 

From 
New 
York. 

From 
Buffalo. 

7  7 

14'3.4 

363  32 

0  4 

143.8 

362.92 

1  0 

144.8 

361.92 

1  0 

144.8 

361.92 

5.1 

149.9 

356  82 

.2 

150.1 

356.62 

4 

150.5 

356.22 

1   43 

151.93 

354  79 

1   67 

153  60 

353.12 

.78 

154.38 

352  34 

78 

154.38 

352  34 

12 

154  5 

352  22 

7 

155  2 

351  52 

28 

155  48 

351  24 

62 

156  1 

350  62 

16 

156.26 

350, 4e 

28 

156.54 

350  18 

63 

157.17 

349.55 

1  33 

158   50 

348.22 

2  39 

160  89 

345  83 

2  28 

163.17 

343.55 

2.80 

165.9 

340.82 

1   47 

167  37 

339  35 

3  83 

171.2 

335  52 

4  6 

175  8 

330  92 

2  4 

178  2 

328 .  .52 

4  40 

182 . 60 

324 . 12 

326 


The  New  York  State  Canal  System— Oo^inwd. 


ERIE  CANAL.  DISTANCE  TABLES — NEW  YORK  TO  BVFFAIO— Con! inned. 


Locli  No.  9 

HoBman's  Fen-y  (north  shore) 
PattcreonvUle  (south  shore) . . 

Cranesvllle 

JLock  No.  10,  Cranesville 

Amsterdam  terminal 

Lock  No.  11,  Guy  Park 

Akin 

Fort  Hunter,  bridge 

Lock  No.  12,  Tribes  HIU 

FultouvlUc  (south  shore) 

Fonda  (north  shore) 

Lock  No.  13,  Yosts 

RandaU  P.  O.  (south  shore).. . 

Yosts  (north  shore) 

Sprakers  Ferry 

Canajoharle  terminal 

Palatine  Bridge  (north  shore) . 

Lock  No.  14 

Fort  Plain  terminal 

NelUston  (north  shore) 

Lock  No.  15 

St.  Johnsville  terminal 

Lock  No.  16 

Mindenville  bridge 

Guard  gate  No.  3,  Erie,  Indian 

Lock  No'.  17,'  Little"  Fails'. '.'.'.'. 

Lift  bridge.  Little  Falls 

Guard  gate  No.  i.  Little  Fullf 

Terminal,  Little  Falls 

Ix)ck  No.  IS.  Jaclcsonburg 

Bridge  No.  139,  Jacksonbuc.; . 
Mohawk  guard  gate  No.  5.  .  . 
Mohawk  June,  lock,  Utica  line 

Herkimer  terminal 

llion  terminal 

Frankfort  terminal 

Lock  No.  19 

Utica  terminal  lock 


Place 

to 
Place 


Utica  terminal  (side  line) . 


Whltesboro  bridge 

Lock  No.  20 

Orlskauy  bridge 

Guard  gate  No.  6,  Erie  Canal 

Rome  terminal 

Guard  gate  No.  7,  Erie  Ciuial 
Junction  lock  to  Utica  lino .  .  . 
J\mction  lock  to  B!at;K  ll.Oatu;! 
New    London    Junction    l.ii^U. 

Syracuse  line 

Lock  No.  21 

Lock  No.  22 

Sylvan  Beach  (nort,*i  I'uU') .... 


Clovciand 

Constanita 

Fort  IJrewei'ton  (north  snine) 

Fort  Brewerton  (north  shore) 

JJrcwerton  terminal 

Lock  No.  23 

«.1ak  Orchard  bridge 

Oawego  canal  junction,  east 
(Three  River  Point) 

Tlu-ee  River  Point  dock .... 

West  Junction 

Belgium  bridge 

Cold  Spring  bridge,  east  junc- 
tion, Syracuse  branch 

Long  Branch  dock 

Lake  entrance,  side  line 

IJverpool 

Byracase  terminal 

West  June,  Syracuse  branch 

Lock  No.  24,  Baldwinsville.  . 

State  ditch,  bridge 


.42 
1.38 
1.38 
4.40 

.38 
2.72 
1.33 
1.77 
2.75 

.05 
5.10 
5.10 
4.5S 

.62 

.18 
3.42 
3.10 
3.10 

..58 
2.92 
2.92 

.43 
5.25 
1.46 

.20 

3.1 

4.41 

.71 

.18 

.30 

3.00 

.30 

3.83 

3.83 

.17 

1.80 

2.90 

3.00 

7.20 


From 
New 
York. 


183.02 

184 .  40 
184.40 
188.80 
189.18 
191.90 
193.23 
195.00 
197.76 
197.80 
202 . 90 
202.90 
207 . 48 
208.10 
208 . 28 
211.7 
214.8 
214.8 
215.38 
218.3 
18.3 
218.73 
223.98 
225 . 44 
225.70 

228.8 

233.21 

233.92 

234.10 

234.4 

237.4 

237.7 

241.53 

241.53 

241.7 

243.5 

246.4 

249 . 4 

256.6 


.70 


2.20 

.88 

2.42 

4.20 

3.00 

.16 

.15 

.10 


6.3i 
2.04 
1.35 
4.35 


8.5 
6.0 

7.5 


21. 

2'. 
2. 


From 
Buffalo. 


257.30 


2.58.80 
259 . 68 
262.1 
266.3 
269.3 
269 . 45 
269 . 45 
269 . 55 

275.86 
277.90 
279 . 25 
2S3 . 60 


3.81 
.09 
.2 

1.8 


292.7 
299.3 
300.2 

304 . 8 
305.0 
307.9 
310.8 

314.61 
314.7 
314.9 
316.7 

321.4 
322 . 35 
322.8 
324.8 
328.20 
321.9 
326.65 
335 . 45 


323.70 
322 . 32 
322.32 
317.92 
317.54 
314.82 
313.49 
311.72 
308.97 
308.92 
303.82 
303.82 
299.24 
298.62 
298.44 
295.02 
291.92 
291.92 
291.34 
288.42 
288.42 
287.99 
282 . 74 
281.28 
281.02 

277.92 
273.61 
272.80 
272 . 02 
272 . 32 
239.32 
269.02 
263.19 
265.19 
265.02 
263 . 22 
260.32 
257.32 
250.12 


250.8 


247.92 
247.04 
244 .  62 
240.42 
237.42 
237.27 
237.27 
237.17 

230.86 
228 . 82 
227 . 47 
223 .  l'-> 


201 . 92 
201 . 72 
198.82 
195.92 

192.11 
192.02 
191.82 
190.02 

185.32 
1S5.77 
186.22 
188.22 
191.62 
184.82 
180.07 
171.27 


Jonea  Point,  Cross  Lake  en- 
trance   

Iron  bridge.  Jordan 

Bontas  bridge 

Weedsport  terminal 

Port  Byron  (free  bridge) 

Fox  Ridge  (Campbell's  bridge) 

Montezuma  (aquoduct) 

Cayuga  and  Seneca  Canal,  east 
junction 

Cayuga  and  Seneca  Canal, 
west  Junction '. 

Lock  No.  25,  May's  Point. . 

Lock  No.  26 

Clyde,  viaduct 

Lyons  terminal 

Lock  No.  27 

Loci.  No.  28-A.... 

Poor  House 

Lock  No.  28-B 

Newark  terminal 

Port  Gibson 

Guai-d  gate  No.  8 

PalmsTa,  lock  No.  29 

Macedon,  lock  No.  30 

Wayneport 

Fulrport  dock 

Lift  bridge  No  2 

Guard  gate  No.  9 

Bushueli's  Basin,  bridge 

Cartersville,  bridgj 

Guard  gate  No.  10 

Plttsford,  dock  wall 

Lock  No.  32 

Lock  No.  33 

Guard  lock,  cast 

Centre  of  river 


Rochester  terminal  (aide  line) . 


Placel  From 


to 
Place 


1.73 
2.12 
.87 
2.03 
4.10 
3.50 
4.58 

.62 

.30 
1.20 
5.84 
2. 30 
9.60 

.10 
1.27 
1.08 
2.8 

.40 
3.40 
1.68 
4.22 
3.00 
3.00 
4.63 
4.63 
3.27 

.64 
1.66 

.10 
1.20 
2.    0 

.80 
3.60 

.50 


New 
York. 


337.18 

339.3 

341.17 

343.2 

347.3 

350.8 

355.38 

355.9 

366.2 

357.4 

363.24 

365.6 

375.2 

375.3 

376.57 

377.65 

380.5 

380.9 

384.3 

385.98 

390.2 

393.2 

396.2 

400.83 

■100.83 

404.1 

404.74 

406.4 

406.60 

407.7 

409.8 

410.6 

414.2 

414.7 


From 
Buffalo, 


169.54 
l(i7.42 
105.55 
163.52 
159.42 
155.92 
151.34 

150.82 

150.62 
149.32 
143.48 
141.12 
131.62 
131.42 
130.15 
129.07 
126.22 
125.82 
122.42 
120.74 
116.52 
113.52 
110.52 
105.89 
105.89 
102.62 
101.98 
100.32 
100.22 
99.02 
96.92 
96.12 
92.52 
92.02 


3.20  417.9    95.22 


Guard  Ijck,  west 

South  Greece 

Guard  gate  No   11 

Si)encerport  terminal 

Lift  bridge  No.  3 

Adams  Basin,  dock 

Adams  Basin,  lift  bridge  No.  4 
Brockport,  lift  bridge  No.  5... 
Brockport.  lift  bridge  No.  6.. 
Guard  gate  No.  12,  Erie  Canal 

Hol.ey  terminal 

Hollty,  lift  bridge  No.  7 

Guard  gate  No.  13;  Erie  Canal 
Hulberton,  lift  bridge  No.  8. . 

Albion,  lift  bridge  No.  9 

Albion,  Uft  bridge  No.  10 

Guard  gate  No.  14,  Erie  Canal 
Eagle  Harbor,  lift  bridge  No.  11 
Knowlesvillo,  Uft  bridge  No.  12 

Guard  gate  No.  15 

Medina  terminal 

Medina,  lift  bridge  No.  13. 
Guard  gate  No.  16,  Erie  Canal 
.Middle-port,  lift  bridge  No.  14 

Guard  gato  No.  17 

Gasport,  lift  bridge  No.  15.  . 
Lockport,  Uft  bridge  No.  16. 
Lockport,  lift  bridge  No.  17 . 
Lockport,  lower  teriniuai . . . . 

Locks  No  34  and  35 

Upper  terminal,  Locknort. . . 
Guard  gate  No.  18,  Erie  Canal 

Pendleton,  bridge 

Martinsville 

Tonawauda  terminal 

North  Tonawanda  terminal 

Buffalo,  Erie  Basin 

Buffalo,  Oiuo  Basin 


.50 
6.00 
2.30 
1.30 
1.30 
2.9 
2.9 
4.61 

.19 

.90 
3.7 
3.7 

.63 
2.37 
6.40 
2tl 


1.1 

2.2 

3.0 

3.2 

1.0 
.4 

3.21 

1.49 

4.9 
.4 

5.77 
.23 
.10 
.50 
.50 

4.0 

2.2 

6.4 

4.4 
4 


12.43 
1.99 


.7 
.33 


415.2 

421.8 

424.1 

425.4 

425.4 

428.3 

428.3 

432.91 

433 . 1 

434.0 

437.7 

437 

138 

440.7 

447.1 

447 . 3 

448.4 

450.6 

453.6 

456.8 

457.8 

468.2 

461.41 

462.9 

467.8 

468.2 

473.97 

474.2 

474.3 

474.8 

175.3 

479.3 

481.5 

487.9 

492.3 

492.3 

504.73 

506.72 


91.62 
84.92 
82.62 
81.32 
81.32 
78.42 
78.42 
73.81 
73.62 
72.72 
69.02 
69  02 
68.39 
66.02 
59.62 
59.42 
58.32 
56.12 
53.12 
49.92 
48.92 
48.62 
45.31 
43.82 
38.92 
38.52 
32.75 
32.52 
32.42 
31.92 
31.42 
27.42 
25.22 
18.82 
14.42 
14.42 
1.99 
0.00 


The  improved  Champlaln  Canal  Is  connected  with  Lake  Chamnlaln  by  means  of  the  Lake  Champlain 
Inlet  at  Whitehall:  A  boat  of  the  proper  dimensions  may  proceed  to  ine  St.  Lawrence  River  from  New 
York  Bay  via  the  Hudson  River,  the  improved  Champlain  Canal.  Lake  Champlaln  inlet.  Lake  Champlaln, 
Richelieu  River,  Chambly  Canal  and  Richelieu  River  through  St.  Oiu-s  lock.  Lake  Champlaln  and  its  inlet 
are  under  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  United  States  Government,  and  the  Richelieu  River  and  Chambly  Canal 
are  under  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada.  There  Is  no  water  connection  between  the  Cham- 
plain' Canal  and  Lake  George.  '  ... 


The  New  YorJc  State  Canal  System— Continued. 


327 


DISTANCES  ON   CHAMPLAIN  CANAL. 


Federal  lock  at  Troy 

Cohoes  terminal,  Ontario  St. 
Waterford,  junction  In  river 
VTaterford,  Union  bridge. . . . 

Lock  No.  I 

Lock  No.  2 

MechanicsviUe.  terminal 

Lock  No.  3 

Lock  No.  4 

Stillwater,  bridge 

Bemis   Heights 

Look  5,  Junction  lock 


J'ct'n  lock  to  Sch'y'rv'e  Basin 


TlionLson  terminal 

Nortliumberland,  bridge. .  . . 

Lock  No.  6,  Fort  Miller 

Guard  Gate  (Crocker's  Reef) 
Lock  No.  7,  Fort  Eilward.  . . 


Dis- 
tances 
Befn 
Points 


1.67 

.78 

.54 

2.88 

3.90 

1.90 

.63 

1.83 

.42 

2.82 

11.06 


1.2 


1.04 
.10 
2.50 
2.07 
5.17 


From 
New 
York. 


151.93 

153.60 

154.38 

154.92 

157.80 

161.7 

163.6 

164.23 

166.96 

166.48 

169.30 

180.36 


181.56 


181.4 

181.5 

184.0 

186.07 

191.24 


From 
Cana- 
dian 
Line. 


169.57 
167.90 
167.12 
166.58 
163.70 
159.80 
157.90 
157.27 
155.44 
155.02 
152.20 
141.14 


142.34 


140.10 
140.00 
137.50 
135.43 
130.26 


Fort  Edward  term.,  side  line 

Lock  No.  8 

Dunham's  Basin,  bridge 

Lock  No.  9 

Smith's  Basin,  bridge 

Fort  Ann,  bridge 

Comstock,  bridge 

Lock  No.  11 

Whitehall  terminal 

Whitehall  lock  No.  12 

Ticonderoga 

Crown  Point 

Port  Henry 

Essex 

Burlington 

Port  Kent 

Plattsburg 

Rouses  Point 

Canadian  line 


Dis- 
tances 

Bet'n 
Points 


1.00 


22 

8 

8 

21 

11 

3 

12 

19 

1 


From 

New 
York. 


192.24 


193.30 

195.00 

199.10 

199.54 

203.30 

207.24 

208.2 

214.5 

214.79 


237 

245.4 

253.5 

274.6 

285.5 

288.5 

300.5 

319.8 

321.5 


From 

Cana- 

dian 

Line. 


131.26 


128.20 

126.50 

122.40 

121.96 

118.20 

114.26 

113.30 

107.00 

106.71 

84.40 

76.10 

68.00 

47.00 

36.00 

33.00 

21.00 

1.70 

00.00 


DISTANCES   ON 

OSWEGO   CANAL. 

Dis- 
tances 
Bet'n 
Points 

From 
New 
York. 

From 
Oswego 

Dis- 
tances 

Bet'n 
Points 

From 

New 
York . 

From 
Oswego 

Oswego  Canal,  junction  east 

3.81 
2.29 

.10 
3.2 
6.3 

.2 

.35 

314.61 

316.9 

317.0 

320.2 

326.5 

326.7 

327.05 

23.79 
21.50 
21.40 
18.20 
11.90 
11.70 
11.35 

Battle  Island  cut 

3.50 
2.95 
3.3 
.36 
.54 
.30 
.40 

330.55 

333.5 

336.8 

337.16 

337.70 

338.00 

338.40 

7.85 

(Three  River  Point) 

Lift  Bridge  No.  1,  Oswego... 
Phoenix,  lock  No.  1     

Minetto,  lock  No.  5 

O.swego,  lock  No.  6,  high  dam. 

Oswego,  lock  No.  7 

Oswego,  lock  No.  8 

4.90 
1.60 
1  24 

HinmansvlUe,  bridge  

70 

Fulton,  lock  No.  2 

Oswego,  east  terminal 

Oswego,  Lake  terminal 

.40 

Fulton,  terminal 

.00 

Fulton,  lock  No.  3 

DISTANCES 

ON  BLACK  RIVER  CANAL. 

Distance  From — 

Distance  From — 

,' 

Place 

to 
Place 

Rome. 

Boon- 
ville. 

Place 

to 
Place 

Rome. 

Boon- 
viUe. 

Rome 

25 

23 

20 

19 

16 

14 

12 

11 

9 

8 

6 

4 

2 

Boonville 

2 
3 
1 
3 
1 
2 

25 
28 
29 
32 
33 
35 

28 
30 
31 
35 
37 

Ridge  Mills 

2 
3 

1 
3 
2 
2 
1 
2 
1 
2 
2 
2 

2 
5 

a 
11 

13 
14 
16 

il 
21 
23 

Sugar  River 

3 

Lock  No.  7 

Little  Falls,  Black  River 

Port  Leyden 

4 

Walworth's  Storehouse 

7 

Westernvllle 

Lock  No.  91 

8 

Wells  Brook  Aqueduct 

Lyon  Falls 

10 

Stringers'  Creek 

Hawkinsville,  on  feeder  (three 
miles  fi'om  Boonville) .  . 

Lansing  Kill 

3 

Lock  No.  31 

A.  Lee's,  on  feeder 

2 
1 
4 
2 

5 

Lansing  Kill  dam  or  feeder . . . 
Lower  Falls,  Lansing  Kill .... 
Upper  Falls,  Lansing  Kill .... 
Loel^  Xo.  70 

R.  B.  Miller's,  on  feeder 

State  dam  on  feeder 

Head  of  reservoir 

6 
10 
12 

DISTANCES  ON  CAYUGA  AND  SENECA  CANAL. 


Albany  terminal 

Lock  2,  Erie  Canal. 


East  junction,  Erie  and  Cay- 
uga and  Seneca  Canal. . 


West  junction,  Erie  and  Cay- 
uga and  Seneca  Canal . . 


Place 

to 
Place. 


10.40 


200.88 


0.32 


From 

N.  Y. 
City. 


144.80 
155.20 


355.90 


356.20 


From 
Buffalo. 


361.92 
351.52 


150.82 


150.52 


Lock  1  (Mud  lock) . 
Ithaca,  terminal 


Lock  1,  (Mud  lock) 

Seneca  Falls 

Waterloo 

Geneva 

Watkins 

Montour  Falls,  Ayer  St. 


Place 

to 
Place . 


4.07 
37.83 


4.38 
3.71 
6.94 
32.80 
2.50 


From 
N.  Y. 

City. 


359.97 
397.80 


359.97 
364.35 
368.06 
375.00 
407 . 80 
410.30 


From 
Buffalo. 


154.59 
192.42 


154.69 
158.97 
162.68 
169.63 
202.42 
204, 9S 


DISTANCES,  ALBANY  TO  MONTREAL  BY  WAY  OF  HUDSON  RIVER.  LAKE 

CHAMPLAIN  AND  RICHELIEU  AND  ST.  LAWRENCE  RIVERS 

(APPROXIMATE   DISTANCES). 


Place  to 
Place. 

Total 
Distances. 

Place  to 
Place. 

Total 
Distances 

Albany 

Chambly  Basin 

12 
32 
14 
46 

212  ■ 

WTiitehall 

70 

105 

25 

70 

175 
200      i 

St.  Ours  Lock 

244 

Rouses  Point . . 

Sorel 

268 

St.  John's  (canal  entrance) 

Montreal 

304 

3£8     Commerce  Both  Ways  on  N.  Y.  State  Canals— '18-78-1917. 

TONNAGE    MOVED    TOWARD    TIDEWATER    ON    N.  Y.  STATE    CANALS. 


YEAR. 


1879. . . 
1880. . . 
1881... 
1882... 
1883... 
1884... 
1885... 
1886... 
1887... 
1888... 
1889... 
1890... 
1891... 
1892... 
1893... 
1894... 
1895... 
1896... 
1897... 
1898... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901... 
1902... 
1903... 
1904... 
1905... 
1906... 
1907... 
1908... 
1909... 
19t0... 
1911... 
1912... 
1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 


Forest  iToQucts 


Erie. 


682,670 

836,105 

903,080 

930,525 

670,556 

667,596 

62'1,200 

764,322 

743,490 

694,972 

608,891 

021,273' 

497,384 

503,562 

404,251 

418,948 

249,760 

347,754 

353,429 

336,536 

318,866 

252,629 

259,762 

236,331 

194,503 

159,019 

177,740 

173,307 

125,944 

73,032 

75.540 

71,374 

65,986 

.'56,314 

51,914 

23,097 

16,948 

6,429 

17.020 


Cham- 
plain. 


361,300 

366,102 
464,858 
461,291 
507,577 
429,854 
491,119 
436.986 
462,783 
379,307 
406,956 
316,729 
319,844 
388,058 
404,251 
257,207 
230,043 
217,299 
240,204 
191,294 
231.831 
165,113 
123.060 

99,911 
101,922 

94,506 
150,777 
146,870 
106,681 

82,475 
122,127 
129,433 
125,663 
165,854 
114,891 

88,458 
122,432 
155,944 
164.744 


Agriculture. 


Erie. 


1,692,385 

3,084,096 

1.137.107 

985,535 

1,189.963 

1,038,679 

874,692 

1,365,554 

1,387.018 

956,999 

968,671 

865,054 

967,267 

843,515 

1,362,676 

1,177,658 

420,192 

928,423 

604,929 

540,272 

433,916 

324,089 

388,804 

354,368 

369.770 

272,340 

284,953 

349,880 

316,075 

250,083 

254,479 

280,780 

194,586 

96,961 

125,774 

120,827 

81,646 

46,500 

18,351 


Cham- 
plain. 


18,154 

6.187 

28,240 

38,783 

27,615 

15,365 

22,138 

34,758 

25,148 

15,747 

7,889 

9,582 

13,345 

13,326 

1,362,676 

12,277 

17,345 

23,360 

9,471 

11,782 

5,729 

36,390 

40,492 

52,913 

47,648 

20,416 

17,220 

24,542 

13,632 

5,842 

14,552 

20,866 

32,582 

14,095 

7,008 

1,337 

1,249 

1,525 

8,480 


-Manulaciurea. 


Erie. 


29,336 

35,667 

47,722 

50,232 

42,702 

46,711 

49,553 

42,374 

43,749 

61,377 

61,570 

60,814 

44,874 

64,522 

34,510 

67,767 

89,542 

76,378 

99,925 

93,621 

104,037 

103,755 

74,789 

88,804 

110,964 

119,837 

115,878 

108,880 

65,680 

80,984 

113.610 

103,448 

99,528 

89,069 

64,557 

67,490 

90,319 

60,482 

27,501 


Cham- 
plain 


17,692 

3,730 

6,291 

11,644 

5,208 

10,188 

12,163 

8,331 

8,817 

11,650 

13,680 

13,284 

6,668 

7,211 

34,510 

879 

2,650 

3,648 

1,064 

844 

22,242 

168 

1,014 

■ '  '168 


Merchandise. 


Erie. 


179 


240 
'336 
'152 
'280 


73 


12.586 

16,571 

9,508 

18,730 

20,677 

32,815 

31,101 

45,393 

10.313 

16,025 

11,105 

17,259 

45,708 

46,675 

23,978 

79,158 

14,820 

22,057 

8,729 

9,586 

5,653 

2,292 

783 

298 

222 

906 

2,538 

1,227 

715 

720 

1.436 

640 

68 

1,934 

2,571 

927 

4,016 

155 

4,643 


Cham 
plain. 


AU  Other  and  Totals. 


Erie. 


2,713 

13,993 

5,948 

5,424 

7,141 

12,723 

17,178 

20,599 

10,397 

4,339 

6,323 

503,577 

8,216 

17,332 

23,978 

21,272 

25,483 

12,245 

18,846 

17,653 

12,118 

12,896 

10.474 

9,403 

7,395 

3,344 

3,908 

6.326 

4,642 

4,160 

9,064 

8.676 

4,039 

2,999 

5.007 

3,398 

6,200 

3,245 

6,578 


2,.546,002 

3,226,358 

2,193,302 

2.102,440 

2,006.886 

1,914,192 

1,701,834 

2,348,083 

2,292.312 

1,850,621 

1,845,100 

1,693,128 

1,689,069 

1,619,437 

1,940,783 

1,891,454 

970,892 

1,539,034 

1,270,775 

1,210,956 

1,099,872 

889,285 

931,352 

868,613 

836,773 

691,602 

763,345 

765,140 

679,330 

673.000 

559,368 

640,609 

453.315 

300,683 

274.793 

235,389 

220,589 

154,181 

96,350 


Cham- 
plain. 


740.174 
841,044 
872,537 
965,712 
884,390 
716,998 
791,541 
867,099 
866,611 
734,400 
778,736 
,182,364 
597,786 
672,131 
,940.783 
365.411 
437,671 
477,052 
455,590 
333,617 
514.632 
403.384 
323.051 
334,571 
321,766 
247,089 
306,998 
305,932 
190,291 
182,920 
234,639 
220,651 
204,941 
217,933 
224,566 
150,307 
182,971 
243,326 
215,963 


Bothl 
Canals. 


3,286,17ft 

4,067,402 

3,065,839 

3,068,162 

2,892,176 

2,631,190 

2,715,219 

3,215,177 

3,158,923 

2,584,661 

2,623,836 

3,024,765 

2,286,866 

2,291,568 

2,665,846 

2,256,895 

1,603,746 

2,073,078 

1,878,218 

1,644,673 

1,665.217 

1,292,669 

1,254,403 

1,203,084 

1,158,539 

938,691 

1,070,343 

1,071,072 

809,621 

855,920 

794,007 

761,260 

658,266 

618,616 

499,359 

385,696 

403,660 

397,607 

312,313 


COMMERCE    BOTH    WAYS    ON    N.  Y.  ST.ATE    CANALS-1878-1917. 


Yeak. 


1878.... 
1879 . . . . 
1880 . . . , 
1881 . . . . 
1882.... 
1883 . . . . 
1884 ... . 
1885.... 
1886 ... . 
1887.... 
1888.... 
1889.... 
1890.... 
1891.... 
1892.... 
1893.... 

1894  . . . . 

1895  . . . , 
1896.... 
1897 . . . . 
1898..".. 
1899..., 
1900..., 
1901 ... 
1902 ... 
1903..., 
1904.... 
1905 . . . . 
1906.... 
1907.... 
1908.... 
1909.... 
1910..., 
1911 . . . . 
1912.... 
1913... 
1914..., 
1915... 
1910 . . . 
1917 . . . 


KoresD  irToducts . 


Tons.  \DoUa 
1,364,120  12,703 
1,368,849  12,053 


1,566,764 

1,652,543 

1,771,743 

1,828,643 

1,671,706 

1,595,632 

1,523,490 

1,529.809 

1,389,728 

1,567,311 

1,397,863 

1,306,986 

1,249,381 

1,030,604 

872,601 

974,870 

852,467 

896,971 

820,668 

838,449 

726,984 

839,191 

805,067 

690,161 

738,793 

■    851,098 

854,610 

747,736 

565,443 

647,739 

654,094 

656,500 

584,964 

517,761 

377.127 

366,618 

350,047 

373,781 


14,351 

18,399 

20,285 

18,038: 

27,588, 

17.302, 

16,471, 

15,568, 

14,899 

17,012 

21,887, 

17,923 

18,571 

14,421 

12,006 

14,504 

11,838 

11,780 

11,489 

14,312 

9,161 

10,697 

9,546 

9,726 

9,355 

11,640 

12,639 

11,032 

7,905 

9,027 

9,373 

9,471 

8,917 

8,528 

6,931 

5,366 

5,694 

8.096 


rs 
,074 
,499 
.622 
932 
512 
056 
279 
?05 
406 
667 
643 
190 
680 
469 
608 
,877 
519 
441 
,186 
,232 
,502 
388 
;366 
001 
375 
,311 
116 
382 
,416 
,348 
428 
,781 
,099 
,169 
,887 
,883 
,884 
,707 
,704 
613 


Agriculture. 


Tons. 

1,921,230 

1,850,347 

2,408,358 

1,171,400 

1,173,257 

1,394,581 

1,264,237 

1,108,711 

1,537,331 

1,590,509 

1,177,587 

1,330,231 

1,201,916 

1,173,193 

1,038,851 

1,514,146 

1,412,142 

644,009 

1,136,665 

789,783 

707,8-55 

620,908 

511,518 

558,135 

573,676 

597,047 

427,969 

430,979 

648,715 

606,159 

449,846 

447,217 

492,536 

355,301 

196,0)4 

256  652 

217,397 

218,300 

142,315 

4.5,519 


Dollars. 
53,264,813 
56,326,653 
68,994,218 
43,440,343 
43,766,687 
39,727,973 
37,335,779 
.31,404,325 
41.191,562 
42,729,684 
33,546,141 
30,014,906 
31,928,371 
38,566,171 
35  127,543 
50,483,054 
35,849,109 
17,185,539 
27,268,642 
16,722,091 
15,005,458 
13,428,551 
11,051,632 
15,036,822 
15,546,609 
15,812,570 
13,791,790 
13,875,972 
17,743,782 
23,069,011 
15,641,072 
13,902  062 
15,068,375 
12,874,402 
6,491,416 
8,436,134 
7,352,58fi 
7,618,495 
6,702,741 
2,742.683 


r.Ianuiacturcs.  |    Merchandise. 


Tons. 
220,063 
255,303 
278,114 
250,961 
187,535 
242,649 
205,013 
194,714 
165,760 
212,216 
153,905 
161,074 
139.310 
109,387 
125.781 
66,892 
87,241 
133,911 
152,322 
152,388 
175,632 
169.413 
142,784 
129,857 
131,755 
130,406 
129,665 
132,438 
170,584 
96,916 
106,371 
163,871 
145,419 
137,463 
119,512 
90,799 
83.504 
107,058 
65,949 
27,858 


Dollars 

17,834,755 
37,173,222 
14,230,227 
11,863,021 
4,673,440 
3.426,474 
3,125,433 
2,827,280 
2,310,423 
4,808,178 
3,207,881 
5,908,500 
1,879,276 
1,147,639 
1,491,611 
853,407 
933,886 
2,489.514 
2.494,727 
1,932,216 
1,369,263 
1,555,810 
2,073,463 
1,773,198 
1,687,462 
l,835,3i5 
1,515,628 
1.589,118 
1.903,347 
1,146,417 
1,403,612 
2,665,622 
3  161,199 
1,806,938 
1,599,552 
1,540,298 
1,056,509 
1,372,542 
1,551,673 
641,350 


Tons. 

138,064 

237,071 

355,165 

325,775 

283,174 

310,844 

300,480 

220,237 

397,249 

378,734 

206,437 

262,818 

769,672 

250,083 

292,468 

216,013 

352,741 

251.637 

270,603 

250,872 

220,107 

260,063 

250,436 

230.615 

207.972 

241,564 

200,472 

172,66r 

202,285 

169,258 

166,061 

194,273 

215,446 

166,419 

152,982 

135,030 

93,095 
138,549 
101,543 

84,687 


Dollars 

70,433„563 
144,653,500 
109,870,261 
75,331,308 
61.769,417 
68,281,320 
78,864,800 
68,215,262 
103,749,354 
82,161,364 
56,913,813 
80,590,288 
73.958,275 
47,008,795 
100,701,774 
75,474,765 
78.405,074 
38,648,131 
37,512,064 
42,299,589 
36,386,337 
40,752,834 
42,819,110 
37,467,681 
34,857,640 
34,613,801 
27,205,160 
19,292,625 
23,531,901 
19,957,084 
19,415,235 
22,405,574 
25,132,370 
17.044.496 
15,007.394 
12.867,86(1 
9,463,737 
12,516,580 
10,418,301 
10,146,197 


All  Other  &  TotalB 


Tons 

6,171,320 
5,362,372 
6,457,656 
5,179,192 
5,467,423 
5,664,056 
5,009,488 
4,731,784 
5,293,982 
5,553,805 
4,942.948 
5,370,369 
5,246,102 
4,563,472 
4,281,995 
4,331,963 
3,882,560 
3,600,314 
3,714,894 
3,617,804 
3.360,063 
3,686,061 
3,3^5,941 
3.420,613 
3,274,610 
3,815,385 
3,138,547 
3,226,896 
3  640,907 
3,407,914 
3,051,877 
3,116,536 
3,073,412 
3,097,068 
2,606,116 
2,602,035 
2,080,860 
1,858,114 
1,625,050 
1,297,225 


The  canals  were  mude  free  in  1883. 


Dollars. 

182,2.54,528 

285,280,726 

247,844,790 

162,153,665 

147,918,907 

147,861,223 

162,097,069 

119,5.36,189 

180,061,846 

159,245,977 

122,524,736 

154,584,222 

145,761,086 

116,369,343 

167,596,948 

154,831,094 

141,179,560 

97,453,021 

100,089,578 

96,063,338 

88,122,354 

92,786,712 

84,123,772 

83,478,880 

81,708,453 

77,713,325 

66,381,817 

57,918,586 

66,501,417 

63,903,970 

54,511,509 

69,081,672 

69,042,178 

49,677,629 

38,444,617 

36,865,451 

28,277,991 

30,610,670 

27,513,625 

24.757.07? 


Date  of  Opening  and  Closing  of  Erie  Canal  Since  182 ^.    ,  329 

DATE    OF   OPENING    OF    LAKE    ERIE,    AT    BUFFALO,    SINCE    1827. 


April  21. 
AprU  1, 
May  10, 
May  5, 
May  8, 
April  27, 
April  23, 
April  6, 
May 
April 
May 
Mar. 
April  U, 
April  27, 


3, 

27, 
16, 
31, 


1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 


April  14, 
Mar.  7, 
May  6. 
Mar.  14, 
April  3, 
April  11, 
April  23, 
April  9, 
Mar.  25, 
Mar.  25, 
AprU  2, 
April  20, 
April  14. 


1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 


AprU  29, 
AprU  21, 
May  2, 
AprU  27, 
AprU  15. 
April  7, 
April  17, 
April  13, 
AprU  15, 
April  3, 
April  13, 
April  26, 
April  28, 


1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 


AprU  21, 
April  19. 
May  1. 
AprU  16. 
April  1, 
May  6, 
AprU  29, 
April  18, 
May  12, 
May  4, 
AprU  17, 
Mar.  24. 
April  24, 


1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 


Mar.  19, 
May  1. 
Mar.  26, 
May  4, 
AprU  25, 
May  2, 
AprU  26, 
April  17, 
April  10, 
AprU  10, 
Mar.  31, 
April  13, 
April  14, 


1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 


AprU  15, 
AprU  28, 
April  4, 
AprU  19, 
AprU  6, 
Mar.  25, 
AprU  27, 
AprU  22, 
AprU  20, 
AprU  9, 
April  6, 
May  10, 
AprU  22. 


1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 


April  15, 
AprU  6, 
AprU  25, 
AprU  22, 
April  15, 
AprU  15, 
AprU  28, 
AprU  13, 
AprU  14, 
AprU  15, 
April  16, 
AprU  12, 
Mar.  25, 


1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


DATE    OF    OPENING    AND    CLOSING    OF    HUDSON    RIVER    SINGE    1824. 


Ri\tR  Open.  River  Closed 


Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Mai'. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 


3,  1824 

6,  1825 
25,  1826 

20,  1827 
8,  1828 
1,  1829 

15,  1830 
15,  1831 
25,  1832 

21,  1833 
25,  1834 
25,  1835 

4,  1836 

27,  1837 
19,  1838 
25,  1839 
25,  1840 
24,  1841 

4,  1842 
13,  1843 
18,  1844 

24,  1845 

18,  1846 

7,  1847 

22,  1848 

19,  1849 
10,  1850 

25,  1851 

28,  1852 

23,  1853 
17,  1854 
27,  1855 


Jail. 

Dec. 

Deo. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dee. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Dec. 


5,  1825 
13,  1825 

13,  1826 
25,  1827 
23,  1828 

14,  1830 
25,  1830 

6,  1831 
21,  1832 

13,  1833 

15,  1834 

20,  1835 

7,  1836 

14,  1837 
25,  1838 

18,  1839 
5,  1840 

19,  1841 
28.  1842 
10,  1843 
17,  1844 

3,  1845 
14,  1846 

25,  1847 
27,  1848 

26,  1849 
17.  1850 
14,  1851 
23,  1852 

21,  1853 

8,  1S54 

20,  1855 


Days 
Open. 

309 
283 
302 
251 
220 
286 
283 
262 
289 
277 
291 
268 
244 
261 
257 
286 
285 
286 
308 
242 
278 
283 
275 
263 
292 
286 
282 
293 
270 
274 
266 
268 


RIVER  Open.  River  Closed,  q^^^    River  Open.  River  Closed,  q^^ 


Apr. 
Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

.\pr. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Alar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Apr. 


11.  1856 
27.  1857 
20.  1858 
13,  1859 
6,  1860 

6,  1861 

4,  1862 

3,  1863 

11.  1864 
22,  1865 

20,  1866 
26,  1867 

24,  1868 

5,  18G9 
31,  1870 

12.  1871 

7,  1872 
16,  1873 
19,  1874 

13,  1875 
1,  1876 

30,  1877 

14,  1878 

4,  1879 

6,  1880 

21,  1881 

8,  1882 

29,  1883 

25,  1884 

7,  1885 

30,  1886 

9,  1887 


Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
-Vov 
Dec. 
Nov 
Dec. 
Nov, 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Nov 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


14,  1856 
27,  1857 
17,  1858 

10,  1859 

14,  1860 
23,  1861 

19,  1862 

11,  1863 

12,  1864 

16,  1865 

15,  1866 

8,  1867 
5,  1868 

9,  1869 

17.  1870 
29,  1871 

9,  1872 
22,  1873 

12,  1874 
29,  1875 

2,  1876 
31,  1877 

20,  1878 
20,  1879 
25,  1880 

2,  1882 
4,  1882 

15,  1883 

19.  1884 

13,  1885 

3,  1886 

20,  1887 


248 
303 
273 
273 
283 
294 
259 
252 
277 
270 
270 
257 
252 
248 
261 
263 
247 
221 
269 
229 
245 
277 
282 
261 
265 
287 
272 
261 
269 
250 
248 
256 


Apr.  8,  1888 
Mar.  19,  1889 
Not  closed . . . 
Mar.  22,  1891 
Apr.  1,  1892 
Apr.  1,  1893 
Mar.  18,  1894 
Apr.  2,  1895 
Apr.  17,  1896 
Apr.  29,  1897 
Mar.  14,  1898 
Mar.  29,  1899 
Apr.  9,  1900 
Mar.  28,  1901 
Mar.  17,  1902 
Mar.  14,  1903 
Apr.  4,  1904 
Apr.  3,  1905 
Mar.  22,  1906 
Mar.  29,  1907 
Mar.  23,  1908 
Mar.  15,  1909 
Mar.  17,  1910 
Mar.  22,  1911 
Mar.  26,  1912 
Mar.  17,  1913 
Mar.  31,  1914 
Mar.  18,  1915 
Apr.  3,  1916 
Mar.  28,  1917 
Apr.  1,  1918 


Dec. 
Not 
Dec 
Dec. 
Dec, 
Dec, 
Dec, 
Dec, 
Dec. 
Dec, 
Dec, 
Dec 
Dec, 
Dec, 
Dec, 
Dec. 
Dec, 
Dec, 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec, 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


14,  1888 
closed . 

3,  1890 
24,  1891 
22,  1892 

6,  1893 
24,  1894 

9,  1895 

10,  1896 

7,  1897 
12.  1898 

28,  1999 

11.  1900 

1,  1901 

8,  1902 

2,  1903 

4,  1904 

15.  1905 

5,  1906 

6,  1907 
18,  1908 
22,  1909 

9,  1910 

3,  1912 
6,  1913 

29,  1913 
22,  1914 
20,  1915 
17,  1916 

9,  1917 


251 
286 
337 
277 
266 
250 
282 
252 
246 
223 
274 
27fi 
246 
248 
266 
263 
244 
257 
260 
253 
271 
283 
278 
288 
318 
287 
267 
278 
259 
276 


DATE    OF    OPENING    AND    CLOSING    OF    ERIE    CANAL    SINCE    1824. 


Canal  Open.  Canal  Closed.  ^^^J'    C.\n.\l  Open.  Canal  Closed.  P^^^   Canal  Open.  Canal  Closed.  §?^^ 


30,  1824 
12,  1825 
20,  1826 
22,  1827 
27,  1828 
2,  1829 
20,  1830 

16,  1831 
25,  1832 

19,  1833 

17,  1834 
15,  1835 
25,  1836 

20,  1837 
12,  1838 
20.  1839 
20,  1840 
24,  1841 

Apr.  20,  1842 
May  1,  1843 

18,  1844 
15,  1845 
16  1846 

1 

1, 

1, 
22, 
15, 


Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Mar. 
May 
Apr. 
Apt. 
Apr. 
Apr. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
Apr 
Apr 


Apr, 

Apr 

Apr. 

May 

May 

May 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

May 

May 


1847 

1848 

1849 

1850 

1851 

20,  1852 

20,  1853 

1,  1854 

1,  1855 


Dec.  4, 
Dec.  5, 
Dec.  18, 
Dec.  18, 
Dec.  20, 
Dec.  17, 
Dec.  17, 
Dec.  1, 
Dec.  21, 
Dec.  12, 
Dec.  12, 
Nov  30, 
Nov.  26, 
Dec.  9, 
Nov:  25, 
Dec.  16, 
Dec.  9, 
Nov.  30, 
Nov.  28, 
Nov.  30, 
NOV.  26, 
Nov.  29, 
Nov.  25, 
Nov.  " 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


30, 
9, 
5, 

11, 
5, 

16, 

20, 
3, 

10, 


1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 


Open. 

219 
238 
243 
241 
269 
230 
242 
230 
241 
238 
240 
230 
216 
234 
228 
241 
228 
221 
222 
214 
222 
228 
224 
214 
223 
219 
234 
235 
239 
245 
217 
224 


May  5 
May  6 
Apr.  28 
Apr.  15 
Apr.  25 
May  1 
May  1 
May  1 
Apr.  30 


May 
May  1 
May  6 
May  4 
May  6 
May  10 
Apr.  24 
May  13 
May  15 
May  5 
May  18 
May  4 
May  8 
Apr.  15 
May  8 
Apr.  16 
May  12 
Apr.  11 
May  7 
May  6 
May  11 
May  1 
May    7 


1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 


Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Nov 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Deo. 
Nov, 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 


4,  1856 
15,  1857 

8,  1858 
12,  1859 
12.  1860 
10,  1861 
10,  1862 

9,  1863 
8,  1864 

12,  1865 
12,  1866 

20,  1867 

7,  1868 
10,  1869 

8,  1870 
1,  1871 
1,  1872 

5,  1873 

5,  1874 
30,  1875 

1,  1876 
7,  1877 

7,  1878 

6,  1879 

21,  1880 

8,  1881 

7,  1882 
1,  1883 
1,  1884 
1,  1885 
1,  1886 
1,  1887 


214 
223 
225 
242 
232 
224 
224 
223 
223 
226 
226 
229 
217 
218 
213 
220 
202 
205 
215 
197 
211 
214 
237 
212 
220 
211 
241 
208 
209 
205 
214 
208 


May  10 
May  1 
Apr.  28 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
May 
Apr. 
Apr. 
May 
Apr.  24 
May  2 
May  5 
May  4 
May  2 
May  1 
May  5 
May  15 
May  15 
May  15 
May  15 
June  13 
May*15 
May  15, 
May  15, 
May  15, 
May  15 


188: 

188! 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 


Dec. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 

Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Dec. 
Dec. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 


3,  1888 
30,  1889 
30.  1890 

5.  1891 

6.  1892 
30,  1893 
30,  1894 

5,  1895 
1,  1896 
1,  1897 

10.  1898 
1,  1899 
1,  1900 

30,  1901 

4,  1902 
28,  1903 
26  1904 
28,  1905 
28,  1906 
10,  1907 
30.  1908 
15.  1909 
15,  1910 
15.  1911 
15,  1912 

1,  1913 

1,  1914 

30,  1915 

30,  1916 

15.  1917 


Open. 


207 
214 
216 
215 
219 
212 
214 
216 
214 
208 
21S 
219 
220 
207 
224 
210 
205 
209 
211 
224 
210 
185 
,185 
185 
185 
172 
201 
200 
200 
184 


♦Western  Division  of  the  Canal  opened  May  25,  1914. 


330 


Telegraph  Rates  from  New  York  City. 


TELEGRAPH    RATES    FROM    NEW    YORK   G3TY. 

(These  are  the  rates  in  force  to  all  the  principal  points.  They  are  approxlmat^y  the  same  for  hoth 
the  Western  Union  and  Postal  companies.)  , 

DAY  TELEGRAMS  of  10  words  or  less,  address  and  signature  free,  are  transmftted  immediately  upon 
reception. 

NIGHT  TELEGRAMS  of  10  words  or  less,  address  and  signature  free,  are  sent  during  the  night  at 
the  convenience  of  the  company. 

Words  over  10  in  Day  Telegrams  and  Night  Telegrams  are  2  cents  each  where  rate  is  2.'5,  30,  or  35  cents; 
3  cents  each  where  rate  is  40  or  50  cents;  4  cents  where  rate  is  60  cents;  Scents  where  rate  is  75cents;  7centa 
where  rate  is  81.00,  and  8  cents  where  rate  is  SI. 25. 

NIGHT  LETTERS  of  50  words  or  less,  address  and  signature  tree,  filed -np  to  2  o'clock  A.  M., 
are  deUvered  the  next  morning  at  the  same  rate  as  that  shown  for  "Day  Telegrams  of  10  words." 

DAY  LETTERS  of  50  words  or  less,  address  and  eignatiire  free,  filed  at  any  hour  during  the  day,  are 
transmitted  and  delivered  subject  to  the  priority  of  Day  Telegrams.  Rates  for  Day  Letters  are  oue-haU 
higher  than  rates  for  Night  Letters. 

Words  above  50  in  Night  Letters  or  Day  Letters  are  one-fifth  the  50-word  rate  for  each  addliional 
10  or  fraction  of  30  words. 


TELERRA\rS. 

Places. 

TEIiEGR.AMS. 

Places. 

10  Words. 

50  W 

ords. 

10  Words. 

60  Words. 

Day. 

Night. 

Day 
Letter. 

Night 
Letter. 

Day. 

Night. 

Day 

Letter. 

Night 
Letter. 

Alabama 

Alaska 

Alberta 

$0.60 

2.00-8.80 

1.25 

1.00 

60 

1.00-1.25 

1.00 

75 

25 

30 

30 

60 

60 

1.00 

50 

50 

60 

60 

50 

60 

35-40 

75-1.25 

30-40 

25-30 

40-60 

60 

60 

50-60 

75 

■  60 

1.00 

$0.50 

1.80-8.10 

1.00 

1.00 

50 

1.00-1.25 

1.00 

60 

25 

26 

25 

50 

50 

1.00 

40 

40 

50 

50 

40 

50 

25-30 

60-1.00 

25-30 

25 

30-50 

50 

50 

40-50 

60 

50 

1.00 

$0.90 

3.00-13.20 

1.88 

1.50 

90 

1.50-1.88 

1.50 

1.13 

38 

45 

45 

90 

90 

1.50 

75 

75 

90 

90 

75 

90 

53-60 

1.13-1.88 

45-60 

38-45 

60-90 

90 

90 

75-90 

1  13 

90 

1.50 

$0.60 

2.00-8.80 

1.25 

1.00 

60 

1.00-1.25 

1.00 

75 

25 

30 

30 

60 

60 

1.00 

50 

50 

60 

60 

50 

60 

35-40 

60-1.00 

30-40 

25-30 

40-60 

60 

60 

50-60 

75 

60 

1.00 

New  Brunswick.. 
Newfoundland.. . 
New  Hampshire . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico .... 

New  York 

North  Carolina... 
North  Dakota. .  . 
Nova  Scotia .... 
Olilo 

$0.50 

1.10 

30-a5 

25 

75 

25-35 

50 

75 

50 

40 

76 

40-1.00 

1.00 

25-40 

76 

"      50 

30 

1.00-1.25 

60 

75 

50 

76 

75 

30-35 

40-50 

1.00 

40 

50-60 

75 

2.50-7.25 

$0.40 
1.00 
25 
25 
60 
25 
40 
60 
40 
30 
60 

30-75 

1.00 

'     25-30 

65 

40 

25 

75-1.00 

50 

60 

40 

60 

60 

25 

30-40 

1.00 

30 

40-50 

60 

2.35-7.25 

$0.75 

1.65 

45-53 

38 

1.13 

38-53 

75 

1.13 

75 

60 

1.13 

60-1.50 

1.50 

38-60 

1.13 

75 

45 

1.50-1.88 

90 

1.13 

75 

1.13 

1.13 

45-5:j 

60-75 

1.50 

60 

■    75-90 

1.13 

On  appl 

$0.50 

1.10 

30-35 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

British  Columbia 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

25 
75 
25-35 
60 
75 
50 
40 

Dlst.  of  Columbia 
Florida 

Oklahoma 

Ontario 

75 
40-1.00 

Georgia 

Idaho 

1.00 

Pennsylvania. . .  . 
Prince  Edw.  Isl'd 
Quebec 

25-40 

IlUnois 

75 

150 

Iowa 

Rhode  Island  .  . . 
Saskatchewan . . . 
South  Carolina . . 
South  Dakota . . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

30 

Kansas 

1.00-1.25 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

60 

76 
60 

Manitoba 

75 

Maryland 

Utah 

75 

Massachusetts. . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia.  .  . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Yulton 

30-35 

40-50 

1.00 

40 

60-60 

75 

ication. 

Nevada 

TELEGRAPH  RATES  TO  FOREIGN  COUNTRIES, 

These  rates  are  from  New  York  City.  The  address  and  signature  are  Included  iri  the  chargeable  matter, 
and  the  length  of  words  is  limited  to  fifteen  letters.  When  a  word  is  composed  of  more  than  fifteen  letters, 
every  additional  fifteen  or  the  fraction  of  fifteen  letters  will  be  counted  as  a  word. 


Per  Word. 


Abyssinia SO. 64 

Algeria 32 

Alexandria  (Egypt) .      .  50 

Antigua 36 

Argentina 50 

Austria 32 

Barbados 36 

Belgium 25 

Bermuda 42 

Bolivia 50 

BrazU 70  to  1.36 

Bulgaria s .      .35 

Burmah 66 

Callao  (Peru) 50 

Cah-o  (Egypt) 50 

Cape  Colony  (S.  Af .)     .  86 

Ceylon 66 

Chile 50 

China 1.22 

Cochin  China 99 

Colon p., 30 

Cyprus 50 


Per  Word. 


Demerara SO .  36 

Denmark 35 

Ecuador 50 

England 25 

France 25 

Germany .-    .25 

Gibraltar 43 

Greece 36 

Guatemala 49 

Havana 15 

Hayti 80  to  1.30 

Holland 25 

Honolulu .37 

Hungary 32 

Iceland 35 

India 66 

Ireland 25 

Italy 31 

Jamaica 36 

Japan 1.33 

Java 1.00 

Korea  (Seoul) 1 .  33 


Per  Word, 


Malta SO.  35 

Martinique 95 

Matanzas 20 

Melbourne,  Vic 66 

Natal  (So.  Africa) .  .      .86 
New  South  Wales. . .      .66 

New  Zealand 58 

Norway ^ 

Orange  River  Colony     .  86 

Panama 30 

Paraguay 50 

Penang 94 

Peru 50 

Philippine  Islands, 

Manila 1.12 

Other  ofQces,  1.17 

to 1 .  30 

Porto  Rico 50 

Portugal .39 

Queensland 66 

Roumanla 46 

Russia  (Europe) 43 


Per  Word. 


Russia  (Asia) SO, 43 

Santo  Domingo.  .  «.      .80 

Scotland 25 

Serbia 34 

Slam 94 

Sicily 31 

Singapore 94 

Spain .38 

St.  Thomas 50 

Sweden 38 

Switzerland 30 

Sydney  (N.  S.  W.).     .66 

Tangier 36 

Tasmania 99 

Transvaal 86 

Trinidad 36 

Turkey  (Europe) ...     .36 

Turkey  (Asia) . , 45 

Uruguay 50 

Venezuela 1 .  00 

Vera  Cruz,  $1.75,  10  wds. 
Victoria  (Australia).      .66 


These  rates,  owing  to  the  war,  are  subject  to  change,  and  cable  routes  are  liable  to  alteration,  if  not  tera- 
Borary  suspension. 


Submarine  Cables  of  the  World. 


331 


SUBMARINE    CABLES    OF    THE    WORLD. 


COMPA-NIHS. 


Commercial  Cable  Co 

Trousatlantlc   System  —  Waterville 

.  (Ireland)  to  St.  Johu's  (New- 
foundland) . 

Waterville  to  Cans»  (Nova.  Scotia) 

Waterville  to  Azores  Islands. 

Azores  Islands  to  Canso. 

Communication  ia  Europe — Water- 
ville to  Havre  (France). 

Waterville  to  Weeton-Sur-er-Mare 
(England) . 

Communication  on  the  American 
Coast — St.Joha'a(Newfo\indland) 
to  New  York. 

Canso,  N.  S.,  to  New  York. 

Canso  to  Rockport,  Maes. 

CointnerHal  Pacific  Catle  Co 

San  Francisco  to  Honolulu,  to  Mid- 
way Island,  to  Guam,  to  Manila, 
to  Shanghai,  and  Guam  to  Benin 
Island  (Japan). 

Commercial  Cable  Co.  of  Cuba 

New  York  to  Havana,  Cuba. 

Western  Union  Tclefraph  Co 

Transatlantic  .Syetemfi  as   follows: 

Western  Union — Penzance,  Eng- 
land, to  Bay  Hoberts,  N.  F.,  and 
Canso,  N.  8.,  thence  to  Coney 
Island,  New  York. 

Anglo-American    Telegraph    Co. 
Valentla    (Irclaad)     to    Heart's 
Content,  N.  F. 

Direct  United  States  Cable  Co. 
Ballinskelllgs  Bay  (Ireland)  to 
Halifax,  N.  S..  th«icc  to  Rye 
Beach,  N.  H. 

Gulf  of  Mexico  System. 
Compignie  Francaise  des  Cables  Tele- 

graphigues 

Brest  (France)  to  Cape  Cod,  Mass 

Brest   (France)   to  St.   Pierre-Miq 

St.  Pierre  to  Cape  Cod,  Mass. 

Cape  Cod,  Mass..  to  New  York. 

San  Domingo  to  Mayagucz,  P.  R 
African  Dlrea  Telegraph  Co 

Amazon  Telegraph  Co 

Western  Telegraph  Co 

Carcavellos,  near  Lisbon  (Portu 
gal),  to  Madeira,  to  St.  Vincent 
(Cape  Verde  Islands),  to  Pernam- 
buco,  Rto  de  Janeiro,  Santos, 
Montevideo,  Fayal  (Azores)  to 
St.  Vincent  (Cape  Verde  Islands) 
Ascension  Island  to  Buenos 
Ayres. 

Canadian  Pacific  Railroad  Co 

Compagnle  Francaise  d€S  Cables  Tele- 
gra  uhiques 

Compagnie  dcs  Cables  Sud^ Americans . . 


No.  of 
Ca- 
bles. 


15 


1 

35 


24 


9 

20 
40 


Length 
Naut'l 
Miles. 


17,274 


10,010 

1,285 
23.92!) 


11,657 


3,056 

1,388 
23,874 


11 

24 
7 


103 

ii.nio 

3,779 


Companies. 


del 


Central    and    SovtJi    American    Tele- 

gravh  Co 

Campania     Telegrnfwo-Telefonica 

Plata 

Cuba  Submarine  Telegraph  Co 

Deutsch'Atlantische  Telegraphenges .  .  . 

Direct  Spanish  Telegraph  Co 

Direct  W  est  India  Cable  Co 

Bermuda  -   Turk's      Island,      and 
Turk's    Island-Jamaica. 
Eastern  and  Sovth  African  Telegraph 

Co 

Eastern     Extension     Attstralasia     and 

China  Telegraph  Co 

Eastern  Telegraph  Co 

Sj'stems  as  follow?: 

Anglo-Spanish-Portuguese;      Italo- 

Greek;       Austro- Greek;       Greek; 

Turko-Greek;  Turkish;  Black  Sea 

Egypto   -   European,        Egyptian; 

Egypto-Indlan;  Cape  Town  to  St 

Helena;    St.    Helena   to    Ascension 

Island;     Ascension     Island     to    St. 

Vincent;    Natal-Australia. 

System   WesU  of  Malta. 
Europe  and  Azores  Telegraph  Co 
Compagnie      Allemande     des     Cables 

Transullantigues 

Borkum  Island  to  Azores  to  Coney 
Island,  N.  Y. 

Borkum  Island  to  Vigo,  .Spain, 
German  Atlantic  Cable  Co 

Borkum  Island  to  Azores  to  Coney 
I.sland. 
Grande  Compagnie  des  Telegraphes  dv 

Nord 

Cables  in  Europe  and  Asia. 

Great  Northern  Telegraph  Co 

Dentsch  -  Niederlandische     Telegraph 

engesellschaft 

Menado    (Celebes) — Japan    (Caro- 
line): Guam    (Mariannes) 
Shanghai. 
DeuUch    -    Sudamerikanische       Tcle- 

graphengesellschaft 

Osteuropaische  Telegraphenges 

Kilios    (Constantinople) — Con 
stant?a  (Roumania). 

Halifax  and  Bermudas  Cable  Co 

Indo-European  Telegraph  Co 

Mexican  Telegraph  Co 

River  Plate  Telegraph  Co 

Societe  Anonyme  Beige  de  Cables  Tele- 

graphigues 

United    Stales    and    Hayti    Telegraph 

and  Cable  Co 

West  African  7'elegraph  Co.  .  . 

West  Coast  of  America  Teler/raph  Co. 

West  India  &  Panama  Telegraph  Co. 


Grand  total. 


No.  of 
Ca- 
bles 


27 

1 
11 

6 
4 
2 


18 

33 
140 


29 

30 

9 


1 

8 

7 

22 

417 


Length 
Naut'l 
Miles. 


16,675 

2S 

1,338 

9,661 

711 

1,263 


10,536 

26.475 
46,615 


1,060 
9,558 

9,556 

9,331 
8,411 
3,418 


7,386 
185 


847 

21 

2,069 

220 

61 

1,391 
1,470 
1,973 
4,355 


236,330 


CABLES    OWNED    BY    NATIONS. 


Argentine  Republic. 
Austria. 


Bahamas 

Belgium 

Brazil 

British  Guiana 

British  India 

Bulgaria 

Canada 

Ceylon  and  India  (Joint) 

China 

Denmark  (Telegraphs  and  Telepho's) 

France  and  Algeria 

France 

(French)  Dahomey  and  deiiendencies 

Germany 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Greece 

Holland 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Netherlands  (Iiuiie.s) 


22 

84 

87 

713 

1 

211 

4 

100 

33 

10 

8 

23 

13 

2,326 

1 

76 

376 

2 

66 

3 

1,003 

153 

451 

59 

3,300 

18 

9,002 

1 

2,954 

"'^1 

222 

3,037 

13 

59 

52 

279 

63 

2,149 

144 

4,264 

6 

357 

27 

5,130 

New  South  Wales 

New  Zealand 

Norway 

Pacific  Cable  Board  (cables  in  Pacilic 
bet.  Brit.  America  and  Australia) 

Portugal 

Queensland 

Roumania 

Russia  in  Europe  and  the  Caucasus.  . 

Russia  in  Asia 

South  Australia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Tasmania 

Timis 

Turke5'  in  Europe  and  Asia    

United  .States  of  America  (.■Vhi.'ika) . .  . 

Uruguay 

Victoria 

Western  Australia 


Grand  total. 


140 

36 

1,166 

6 

4 

22 

1 

30 

1 

3 

25 

57 

2 

7 


24 

14 

6 

4 

3 


2,628 


34 

370 

1,727 

9,288 

139 

53 

177 

930 

21 

54 

3,158 

197 

10 

9 

4 

365 

2,601 

8 

375 

13 


55,49? 


33!^ 


How  People  Work  the  Telephone. 


RAILWAY,    TELEGRAPH 

AND    POSTAL 

STATISTICS   OF  NATIONS. 

COUNTRT. 

Date. 

Miles  ol 
Railways . 

Date. 

Miles  or 

Telegraph 

Line. 

MUeeol 
Telegraph 

Wire. 

P03t 

Offices. 

Miles  of 
Postal 
Routes. 

Argentina 

1918 

1916 

•1917 

1914 
1914 
1914 
1916 
1915 
1915 
1916 
1915 
1915 
1915 
1916 
1913 
1916 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1913 
1916 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1913 
1913 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1914 
1914 
1909 
1917 
1917 
1913 
1915 
1915 
1913 
1915 
1913 
1913 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1913 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1918 
1916 
191G 
1916 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1915 
1913 
1915 
1916 

21,880 

22,906 

2,960 

15.739 

13,589 

5,451 

1,020 

970 

16,194 

1,824 

35,582 

438 

613 

321 

200 

301 

267 

5,105 

6,467 

708 

2,359 

2,471 

652 

4,416 

31,958 

2,793 

1,173 

1,282 

1,948 

39,600 

2,866 

1,396 

140 

35,833 

11,708 

7.501 

318 

1,066 

326 

15,840 

11 

2.113 

1.730 

117 

1,972 

255 

34 

1.724 

1.854 

1.069 

2.382 

48.955 

2,527 

400 

977 

1,210 

9,225 

9,249 

3,571 

3,842 

8,924 

23,709 

8,128 

266,031 

733 

340 

1,601 

533 

1916 
1916 
1917 

1916 
1913 
1914 
1916 
1912 
1912 
1915 
1916 
1914 
1914 
1916 
1913 
1916 
1915 
1915 
1915. 
1914 
1912 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1914 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1914 
1914 
1914 
1910 
1916 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1916 
1913 
1906 
1917 
1916 

53,711 
63,044 
13,896 

32,513 

16,396 

.  5,206 

1,194 

3.811 

36.199 

3.701 

40.215 

1.52i- 

4,045 

4,281 

3.637 

1,004 

2,412 

18,181 

42,097 

11,721 

5,065 

2,302 

4,370 

10,436 

120,738 

9,665 

3,045 

9,046 

19,922 

148,192 

0,527 

5,748 

124 

86,067 

35,349 

26,711 

632 

4,866 

441 

22,452 

528 

5,175 

12,856 

164,461 

133,491 

50,320 

168,050 

99,862 

28,014 

1,782 

-0,562 

73,124 

11,653 

188.422 

1,521 

4.045 

4.281 

3.637 

3.618 

2,412 

32,942 

56,280 

11,721 

6.184 

8.455 

'  4.370 

20.433 

452.192 

26.243 

6.321 

18.589 

25.622 

475.561 

8,719 

10,263 

124 

337.720 

215.011 

116.061 

2.618 

14.144 

1,514 

68,727 

628 

26,668 

•21, .503 

3,431 
8,565 
2,379 

10,826 

6,610 

1,708 

51 

389 

3.636 

604 

J  3,057 

208 

382 

279 

135 

96 

117 

927 

12,508 

843 

658 

1,734 

194 

2.104 

15,769 

688 

466 

H26 

576 

51,573 

220 

1,342 

88 

20,030 

11,426 

7,971 

159 

526 

139 

2,911 

40 

1,607 

496 

17 

3.691 

385 

205 

684 

6,165 

439 

3,107 

19,104 

2,415 

105 

1,556 

286 

6,962 

4,316 

4,377 

1,368 

2,478 

24,509 

2,761 

65,330 

689 

88 

995 

296 

51J284 

Australasia:  Com'w'lth  Australia. 

147,427 

Austria-Hungary:       Austria    (lii- 

Clud'g  Bosnia  &  Herzegovina) 

Hunearv 

111.221 
50,921 

Belgium 

5.828 

Congo,  Belgian 

28,405 

Bolivia 

13,867 

Brazil 

99,845 

Bulgaria 

20,049 

Canada 

33,363 

C.  American  States :  Costa  iUcu . . 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

346 

Panama 

Salvador 

1.848 

Chile 

32.712 

Clilna 

153,037 

Colombia 

Cuba 

5,324 

Denmark 

6,539 

Ecuador 

Eev  Dt 

7,297 

Frtince '. 

81,792 

Algeria. . . . ; 

9,083 

Tunis 

5,743 

22,.643 

French  colonies,  n.  e.  s 

German  Empire 

43,611 
91,276 

German  colonies 

Hayti 

157,657 

Italy 

40,294 

61,402 

Formosa 

8,668 

19,304 

Luxemburg 

662 

Mexico 

51,679 

Montenegro 

Netherlands '. 

9,992 

£>utch  Sast  Indies 

67,320 

Norway 

1916 
J913 
1912 
1914 
1913 
1916 
1915 
1916 

7,238 
2,485 
6.312 
9.321 
5.945 
10.309 
5.944 
153.168 

14.845 
2.485 
10,764 
78,510 
13,415 
11,941 
16,039 
637,208 

69,645 

Paraguay 

Persia 

10,634 

Peru 

Portugal 

17,984 
24,539 

Portueruese  colonies ... 

61,933 

Roumania 

68,093 

229,378 

Finland 

1915 
1913 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1916 
1915 
1915 
1916 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1913 
1916 

1.071 

2.729 

4,381 

29.286 

20,200 

3.693 

23.677 

16.053 

81,000 

32,214 

237,664 

4,867 

323 

2,666 

5,4-13 

, 

1,071 

6,421 

6,204, 

65,441 

40,912 

23,106 

44,206 

54,256 

264,480 

45,952 

1,627,342 

6,218 

1,545 

5,344 

5.443 

Serbia 

2,121 

4,954 

Spain 

59,179 

43,843 

Switzerland 

8,587 

24,145 

Union  ot  South  Africa 

8,621 

British  colonies,  n.  c.  s. 

444^79 

Philippine  Islands 

Uruguay 

24,448 

721.397 

1,664,031 

5,784.887 

329.891 

2,651,811 

HOW    PEOPLE    WORK    THE    TELEPHONE. 

The  following  table,  compiled  from  offlcial  sources,  shows  lor  1914,  except  M  otJierwise  Stated,  the 
aver.age  number  of  local  calls  per  pay  'phone,  per  year    in  the  cities  named: 


City. 

Calls 

962 
875 
823 

S88 

City. 

CaUs 

City. 

Call. 

2,000 
2  238 
2,155 
3.366 

CrxTT. 

Calls 

New  York,  Manhat. 

Washington,  1917. . 
Baltimore 

1.099 

993 

1,445 

1,998 

Clpvfiland . .        ... 

Rochester. 

2,940 

Brooklyn .' 

Indianapolis 

Sookane. 

Plattsburg 

Buffalo 

2,090 

Washington,  1914. . 

Philadelphia 

Plttsbiu-gh 

2,710 

Washington,  1915.  . 

Kansas  City 

Louisville 

4,027 

The  figures  cover  tiie  Bell  telephone  in  New  York.  Brooklyn,  Washington,  Baltimore,  Piftsburgb. 
and  Spokane:  independent  telephone  in  the  other  places. 


The  Dixie  Highway, 


333 


TELEPHONE    DEVELOPMENT    OF    PRINCIPAL    CITIES    OF    THE    WORLD. 

(Compiled  by  the  American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company  from  latest  records.) 


]CiIV    (OR  EX- 
CHANGE  AHEA). 


Amsterdam.... 

Baltimore 

Bangkok 

Barcelona 

Berlin 

Birmingham  . . 

Bombay 

Boston 

Breslau 

Brussels 

Budapest 

Buenos  Ayres. . . 

Cairo 

Calcutta.  . 

Canton 

Chicago 

Cincinnati 

Cleveland. ..... 

Cologne 

Constantinople. 


No.  ol 

Per 

Tele- 

100 

phones. 

Pop. 

21,727 

3.5 

63.284 

10.2 

944 

0.1 

6.015 

1.0 

154.800 

6,6 

22.346 

2,0 

3.984 

0,4 

232.061 

14,6 

20.573 

3,8 

21.470 

2,6 

27,944 

3,2 

46,910 

2.9 

3,700 

0.6 

4,297 

0.3 

1.609 

0.2 

487.481 

IS.l 

77.873 

12.6 

]  24,343 

14.3 

26,422 

4.8 

4,297 

0.4 

City  (or  Ex- 
change Ahe.^). 


Copenhagen 

Detroit 

Dresden 

Glasgow ' 

Hamburg-Altona . 

KieS 

Leeds 

Leipzig 

Liverpool 

London 

Lyons 

Madras 

Madrid 

Manchester 

Marseilles 

Melbourne 

Milan 

Montreal 

Moscow 

Munich 


No.  ol 

Per 

Tele- 

100 

phones. 

Pop. 

58,387 

9.4 

117,020 

13.0 

25,721 

4.6 

37,131 

3.2 

77,322 

5.9 

6,143 

1.0 

11,504 

2.0 

31,176 

5.0 

33,941 

3.0 

277,484 

3.9 

7,039 

1.3 

764 

0.1 

6,156 

1.0 

33,883 

2.7 

7,735 

1.4 

27,490 

4.2 

14,147 

2.1 

58,718 

8.0 

57,358 

3.2 

34,323 

5.5 

City  (or  Ex- 
change Area). 


Naples 

Newcastle. .-..;. 

New  York 

Odessa 

Osaka 

Paris 

Peking 

Petrograd 

Philadelphia 

Pittsburgh 

Rio  de  Janeiro. . 

Rome 

St.  Louis 

Shanghai 

Sheffield 

Sydney 

Tientsin 

Tokio 

Vienna 

Warsaw 


No.  ol 

Tele-. 

phones. 


5,161 

12,276 

731,794 

8,078 

25,385 

95,033 

14,808 

62,929 

214,266 

106,170 

15,522 

12,701 

122,105 

5,737 

12,126 

34,566 

2,200 

49,900 

64,438 

•  32,804 


Per 

100 

Pop. 


0.7 
1.9 

11.7 
1.3 
1.8 
3.2 
2.1 
3.0 

12.1 

12.2 
1.4 
2.1 

12.8 
0.6 
1.7 
4,8 
0,3 
2  0 
3.2 
4.2 


Ail  the  Independent  lines  are  included  in  the  above  count. 

THE  AMERICAN  TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH  COMPANY  AND  ASSOCIATED  COMPANIES 

(BELL  SYSTEM)  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Stations  in  Bell  System. 

Employes. 

MUeS 
Of  Wire. 

Daily 

Jan.  1. 

Bell 
Stations. 

Bell  Connect- 
ed Stations. 

Total, 

Messages. 
Conversat'ns. 

1906 

2.282.378 
2.773.547 
3.012,611 
3.176.394 
3.522.079 
3.900.056 
4.351.837 
4.303.803 
5.254.808 
5.584,853 
6,968,110 
6,545,490 
7,031,530 

246,337 
297,113 
826,489 
1,188,235 
1,620.613 
1,949,663 
2,280,788 
2,652,271 
2,878,209 
3,064,140 
3,183,111 
3,301,702 
3,444,148 

2,528,715 
3,070,660 
3,839,000 
4,364,629 
5,142,692 
5,882,719 
6,632,625 
7,456,074 
8,133,017 
8,648,993 
9,151,221 
9,847,192 
10,475,678 

89,661 
104,646 
100,884 

98,533 
104,956 
120,311 
128,439 
140,789 
156,928 
142,527 
156,294 
179,032 
192,364 

5,779,918 

7,468,905 

8,610,592 

9,830,718 

10.480.026 

11,642,212 

12,932,615 

14,610.813 

16.111.011 

17.475,594 

18,505,545 

19,850,315 

22,610,487 

13  911  551 

1907 

16,939,577 
18,624,578 
18  962  297 

1908 

1909 . 

1910 

20  442  535 

1911 

22,284,010 

1912 

24,128,688 

1913 

26,310,168 

1914 

27,237,161 

1915 

27.848.174 

1916     

26  002  829 

1917 

29  419  933 

1918 

31.854.000 

Note — Figures  for  employes,  miles  of  wire  and  daily  messages  do  not  include  connecting  companies. 

FOREIGN    TELEGRAPH    .STATISTICS, 

(From  latest  availnble  records  before  the  war.     Compiled  by  the  Statistician  of  the  American  Telephone 
■ and  Telegraph  Company.  New  York  City.) 


Telegrams  Sent. 


Country. 


Total  Per 

Yearly.       Capita. 


AustrUi 

Belgi'Jiu 1 

Bosniti ; 

Bulgaria.  .  .■ j 

Canada  * { 

Demnark ........ 

France 

German  Empire. .  .  I 

Great  Britain ' 

Greece • 

Hungary.  ..■•,...,  I 


13.903,261' 

6,171,819 
687.353 

1.758.202 1 
11,980.869 

1,704.393 
40.112.502 
48,248.6201 
83,163.0001 

1.048.412 
10.169.7101 


.48 
.82 
.34 
.40 
.56 
.60 
.01 
.72 
.81 
.38 
.48 


Gross 
Revenue. 


53,835,800 
1,242,500 

256,500 

524,100 
5,271,900 

511,200 

8,589,900 

9,724,100 

15,185,700 

416,000 
1,954,600 


Country. 


Italy 

Luxemburg. 
Netherlands 
Norway .... 
Portugal . .  . 
Roumania. . 

Russia 

Serbia .... 

Spain 

Sweden .... 
Switzerland . 


Telegrams  Sent. 


Total  Per 

Yearly.       Capita. 


20.019.939 
140,221 
4,599,894 
3,085,157 
1.376,108 
2.912,841 

37,733,804 

f.77,258 

4,918,464 

2,856.232 

3,144.688 


.57 
.53 
,  .75 
1.27 
.23 
.39 
.21 
.20 
.25 
.51 
.82 


Gross 
Revenue. 


85,136.600 

22.000 

1.004,600 

842,600 

722,400 

749,100 

17,983.200 

165.800 

1,321.200 

742.800 

886.434 


»  Cable  service  excluded. 


THE    DIXIE    H3CHWAY. 


The  Dixie  Highway,  officially  launched  at  the  conference  of  Governors  of  the  States  interested  at 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  April  3,  1915,  consists  of  two  divisions  and  one  loop  each  in  Michigan  and  Floilda, 
with  connecting  links.  The  western  division  starts  at  Chicago,  and  is  routed  through  Danville,  111.; 
Indianapolis,  Louisville,  Nashville,  and  Chattanooga;  Rome,  Atlanta,  and  Macon.  Ga.;  Tallahassee.  Kls- 
simee,  Bartow,  and  Jupiter,  Fia.,  where  it  connects  with  the  eastern  division.  Indianapolis  is  connected 
with  a  loop  around  Michigan  at  South  Bend,  Ind.  Joining  the  eastern  end  of  the  Michigan  loop,  which 
follows  Lake  Huion  to  Detroit,  the  eastern  division  of  the  highway  is  routed  through  Monroe,  Mich.; 
Toledo.  Dayton,  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Lexington,  Ky.;  Cumberland  Gap  and  Knoxvllle,  Tenn..  to  Chat- 
tanooga; thence  to  Atlanta,  Ga..  via  i)alton;  thence  to  Macon,  via  McDonough;  thence  to  Jacksonville. 
Fla.,  via  Fitzgerald  and  Waycross.  Ga..  and  along  the  enst  coast  of  Florida  to  Miami.  A  connecting  link 
from  Indianapolis  on  the  western  division  to  Dayton,  Oliio.  on  the  eastern  division,  and  from  Tallahassee, 
Fla.,  on  the  western  division  to  Jacksonville.  Fla..  on  the  eastern  dlA'ision  has  also  been  designated.  The 
Dixie  Highway  has  a  total  mileage  of  4,206.  .  In  the  eight  States  it  traverses  163  counties.  It  will  serve 
n  territory  with  a  population  of  more  than  forty  mi'iion.  The  headquarters  of  the  Dixie  Highway  Associa- 
tion are  at  ChattRnooea.  Tenn. 


334 


Railway  Development  in  Central  Africa. 


BELL    TELEPHONE    SYSTEM    IN 

(All  duplications  between  companies  excluded. 


THE    UNITED    STATES. 

Combined  balance  sheeta  Dec.  31.) 


18S5. 

1890. 

1890. 

1900. 

1905. 

1910. 

1915. 

1917. 

assets: 
Contracts  &  licenses 

Dollars. 

16,733,100 

38,618,600 

348.500 

1,450,900 

1,792,600 

1,138,800 

Dollars. 
18,925,700 
58,512,400 
1,021,800 
1,761,600 
1,183,300 
2,697,400 

Dollars. 
20,005,300 
87,858,500 
1,810,000 
3,V46.600 
2,484,100 
4,480,500 

Dollars. 
14.7S4,300 
180,699,800 
6,464,400 
13,614,000 
3,223,000 
11,400,400 

Dollars. 
13.313,400 

368,065,300 
11,069,500 
26,220,800 
11,005,900 
23,011,200 

Dollars. 
2.943,381 

610.999,964 
20,987.551 
26,077.802 
27.548.933 
64,766,089 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Telephone  plant 

SuppUes,  tools,  &c . . 

Receivables 

Cash 

Stocks  and  bonds  . . 

800.068,520 
15,951,582 
43,518,625 
45,716,330 
72,652,646 

1,064,892,710 
31,.'>43,745 
42,472,943 
35,986,840 
101.607,231 

Total 

UABILITIES. 

Capital  stock 

Funded  debts 

Bills  payable 

Accounts  payable. . . 

60,081.500 

38.229,200 
367,400 

1 2,618,900 

84,102,200 

43,792,800 
6,473,100 
1.323,000 
3,301,100 

120,385,000 

57,462,700 
10,074,100 
2,000,0vX» 
6,138,000 

230,225,900 

130,006,900 

44,137,90(1 

7,000,000 

13,583,300 

452,716,100 

238,531,100 
93,079,.500 

,35,000,000 
22,407,500 

753,323,720 

344,645,430 

224,791,696 

42,566,943 

21.721,125 

1,057,907,703 

440,711,200 

353,236,464 

2,404,920 

29,039,127 

1,276,503,463 

505,403,777 

407,434,080 

4,538,568 

40,382,252 

Total  outst.  oblig. 
Employes'  bene.  I'd 

41,215,500 

54,890,000 

75,674,800 

194,728,100 

389,018,100 

633,725,194 

825.391,711 

9,114,329 

223,401,663 

963,758,674 
9,219,143 

Surplus  and  reserves 

13,866,000 

29,212,200 

44,710,200 

35,497,800 

63,698,000 

119,598,526 

303,525,651 

Total 

60,08t,.nOO 

84,102,200 

120,385,000 

230,225,900 

452,716.100 

753,323,720 

1,057,907,703 

1,276,503,468 

COMPARATIVE  REVENUE. 

1 3ros3  revenue 

Sxpens-s 

10.033.600 
5,124,300 

16,212,100 
9,067,600 

24,197,200 
15,488,400 

46,385,600 
30,632,400 

97,500,100 
66,189,400 

165,612,881 
114,618,473 

239,909,649 
173,727,892 

301,867,172 
229,332.730 

STet  revenue 

interest 

4,909,300 
27,700 

7,144,500 
278,700 

8,708,800 
655,500 

15,753,200 
2,.3S9,600 

31,310,700 
5,836,300 

50,994.408 
11,556,864 

66,181,757 
18,095,643 

72,534.443 
2.1,830,231 

Net  Income 

Dividends 

4,881,000 
3,107,200 

6,865,800 
4,101,300 

8,053,300 
5,066,900 

13,363,600 
7,893,500 

25,474,400 
15.817.500 

39,437.544 
25,160,786 

48,086,114 
32.897,065 

50,714,211 
30,862,582 

Bal.  for  Surplus .  . 

1,774,400 

2.761,500 

2,986.400 

■     5,470,100 

9,656.900 

14,276.758 

15,!89,049 

13.851,629 

TELEPHONE  REVENUES  AN9  EXPENSES. 

(Compiled  for  calendar  year  1917  by  the  I.  C.  C,  and  covcis  the  61  chlel  companies.) 


Item. 


Revenues: 

Subscribers'  station  rev. 
Public  pay  station  rev. . 
Misc.  exch.  service  rev. . 

Me.ssage  tolls 

Misc.  toll-line  rev 

Sundry  misc.  rev 

Licensee  rev. — Cr 

Ldcensee  rev. — Dr 

Teleph.  operating  rev. 

Expenses: 

Deprec.  plant  and  equip 
All  other  maintenance . . 


1917. 


Dollars. 

205,451.124 

16,616,744 

3.262.151 

81,660,409 

7,649,636 

3,303,486 

12,005,837 

11,974,159 


317.975.228 


56,223,659 

44,873,256 


1916. 


Dollars. 

185,584,369 

14,694,948 

2,870,966 

70,323,457 

6,449.,962 

3,072,416 

10,6,57,957 

10,479,185 


283,174.890 


51,900,891 
38,064,423 


Traffic  expenses 

Cojnmcrclal  expenses. . . . 
General  and  misc.  exp. . . 

Telepli.  operating  exp.. 

Net  teleph.  oper.  rev. . 

i  Other  operating  revenues. . . 
Other  operating  exponj&s. . . 
Uncollectible  operating  rev. 
Taxes  assignable  to  oper. . . 


Operating  income 75,960,219 


1917. 


Dollars. 
71.851,439 
30,455,065 
15,162,580 


218,565,999 


99,109,229 


15,813 

16,782 

1,435,435 

22,012,606 


1916. 


Dollars.  ' 
.56,520,940 
27,291,803 
12,!iO'J,853 


186,7.^C>,910 


9C,4  17,980 


14,566 

15.411 

l.r  18,387 

16.r.5  0,912 


79,(.>7,83R 


RAILWAY    DEVELOPRSEMT    1^    CENTRAL    AFRflCA. 

Two  long  routes,  by  rail  and  steamer,  liave  been  completed.  The  West-East  roiito  from  the  inoutli 
of  tlie  Kongo  River  to  Dares-Salaam  wa-s  finished  by  the  opening,  in  1915,  of  the  Kabalo-Albertviile  Rail- 
way, from  the  Kongo  River  to  Lake  Tanganyika.  Tiie  cpinal  route,  from  Cape  Town  to  the  Kongo  River, 
was  completed  In  the  latter  part  of  1917  by  opening  traffic  on  the  Section  connecting  Tshilonga  to  Sankishla. 
Xt  was  tiie  original  intention  to  carry  the  Cape-to-Cairo  Railway  to  the  southern  end  of  Lake  Tanp.anyik.a 
and  thence  thi'ough  German  territory  to  Uganda,  but  tliis  proposal  was  defeated,  and  the  line  hns  been 
carried  into  the  Katanga  district  of  the  Belgian  Kongo.  TTie  raiUioad  for  some  time  has  been  T.sliliouga, 
about  200  miles  north  of  Elizabothville,  leaving  a  gap  \mtll  the  railway  commenced  again  at  Sankisliis.  and 
contintied  until  Bukama  was  readied.  Tliis  gap  ha';  been  closed  and  from  Cape  Town  to  Bukau^a  one 
can  proceed  2,700  miles  by  a  through  train  v/ithout  changing  carriages.  Bukama  Is  situated  on  the  L-.;alaba 
River,  the  main  tributary  of  tlie  Upper  Kongo,  and  tliia  place  \vlU  be  the  distributing  centre  for  %ooO.>  from 
South  Africa  to  the  vast  territories  of  Central  Africa.  The  completion  of  the  railway  between  T.-'i  ilouga 
tnd  Sankishia  has  brought  Cape  Town  and  Dar-es-Sa'oani,  on  the  east  coast  of  Africa,  into  an  air;  u  '..  con- 
■jnuous  rail  communication.'  The  only  exceptions  a.re  the  400  miles  from  Bui^ama  to  Kabalo,  coiwifttted 
^y  river  steamers  plying  on  the  Kongo  River,  and  the  60  miles  across  Lake  Tanganyika,  from  Albi  rtville 
'o  Ujlji.  Above  Kabalo,  the  terminus  of  the  railway  to  Albertvllle  Is  Kongolo,  wncre  commtucis  the 
irslpof  the  three  links  that  skirt  the  rapids  of  the  Kongo  River.  This  line,  which  is  200  miles  in  I'-ngth, 
and  terminates  at  Kindu,  was  built  to  avoid  the  Nyangwe  cataracts.  Navigation  is  possible  for  about 
200  miles  to  Ponthiervllle  A  r.ailway,  75  miles  long  from  here  to  Stanleyville,  avoids  the  rapids  ending 
;n  the  Stanley  Falls.  From  this  latter  river  port  there  Is  steamer  communication  for  a  distance  of  1,000 
Jiiles,  to  Stanley  Pool.  Three  cities,  inclose  proximity  to  each  othei,  are  located  on  the  Pool — LeopoldviUa 
and  Kinshasa,  in  Belgian  Kongo,  and  Brazzaville,  m  French  Kongo  To  avoid  the  catar'icts  m  tne  Kongo, 
^low  the  pool,  a  railroad  260  miles  long  has  been  built  from  Kinshasa  through  Leopoldville  to  Matadi, 
"vhence,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Kongo,  thejiver  is  uavigablo  b.v  ocean  going  steamers. 

A  railway  of  Interest,  from  an  economic  standpoint,  is  the  Benguella  Railway  from  Lobito  Bay,  In 
Angola,  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa.  This  railway  is  now  open  for  325  miles.  This  road  has  been  surveyed 
;is  far  as  the  Cape  Town-Bukama  Rallv/ay,  1 ,160  miles.  The  gauge  of  the  line  will  be  3  feet  0  Inches.  It 
will  be  located  along  the  watershed,  dividing  the  tributaries  of  .^ho  Kongo  River  from  those  of  the  Zambesi, 
and  will  join  the  Gape  Town-Buk.ama  line  about  90  miles  nort.»i  -"f  Elizabethville,  Belgian  Kongo.  Thif 
■will  give  iiD  Atlantic  outlet  to  the  mineral  fields  of  Katanga  which  are  being  exfriolted.     ■■a-i  .' 


^350,000,000  Advance  in  Railroad  Wages. 


335 


INTERSTATE    COMM 

The  Federal  act  to  regulate  commerce,  passed  by 
Congress,  and  approved  February  4,  1887,  established 
a  commission  ot  Ave,  since  increased  to  nine,  mem- 
bers. The  original  act,  with  its  amendments,  applies 
to  common  carriers  (except  water),  Including  rail- 
roads, sleeping  car  companies,  other  private  cargo- 
car  lines,  peti'olciim  pipe  lines,  and  telephone, 
telegraph,  cable  ami  express  companies.  The  act 
requii'es  all  rates  to  be  reasonable  and  just;  prohibits 
preferential  rates,  or  undue  or  unreasonable  prefer- 
ences, or  advantages  in  rates  or  faciUties;  forbids  the 
charging  or  a  higher  rate  for  a  shorter  than  for  a 
longer  haul  over  the  same  Une  in  the  same  direction 
when  the  shorter  is  included  within  the  longer  haul. 
The  commission  has  inquisitorial  powers;  it  may 
prescribe  rates,  rules  and  regulations,  including 
methods  of  keeping  the  accounts,  records  and 
memoranda  required  of  the  carriers  by  law;  and.  it 
has  supervision  over  the  issuance  of  railroad  stocks 
and  bonds.  The  Overman  act,  in  1918,  put  the 
commission  under  the  direct  control  of  President 
Wilson,  along  with  all  other  departments  of  the 
Goverrunent.  The  commission  defined  the  zones 
under  the  Daylight  Saving  Act. 

The  act  known  as  the  Overman  or  Federal  Con- 
trol Act,  approved  March  21,  1918,  provides  that 
the  commission  shall  ascertain  and  certify  to  the 
President  the  average  annual  railway  operating 
income  to  be  used  by  the  President  in  making 
agreements  for  compensation  for  the  use  of  the 
transportation  systems  of  the  country;  that,  in  case 
the  amount  of  compensation  is  not  adjusted,  claims 


ERCE    COMMISSION. 

may  be  submitted  to  boards  of  referees  appointed  by 
the  commission,  and  the  finding  of  such  boards  shall 
be  a  maximum  of  compensation  which  may  be  paid 
to  the  carriers;  that  the  President,  in  executing  the 
Federal  Control  Act,  may  avail  himself  of  the 
advice,  assistance,  and  co-operation  of  the  com- 
mission, its  members  and  its  employes;  that  the 
President  may  initiate  rates,  fares,  charges,  classi- 
fications, regulations,  and  practices  by  filing  same 
with  the  commission;  that  the  commission  sliall, 
upon  complaint,  enter  upon  a  hearing  and  determine 
the  justness  and  reasonableness  of  any  rate,  fare, 
charge,  or  regulation  initiated  by  the  President, 
taking  into  consideration  the  fact  that  the  railroads 
are  operated  under  unified  control,  and  such  recom- 
mendations as  the  President  may  make  as  to  the 
necessity  of  increasing  railway  revenues. 
FEDERAL  RAILROAD  REFORM  LEGISLA- 
TION SINCE  1893. 
A  safety  appliance  act  was  passed  (approved 
March  2,  1893),  amended  in  1903,  and  supplemented 
in  1910,  praviding  for  automatic  couplers,  draw- 
bars of  a  standard  height,  grab-irons  or  handholds 
on  sides  and  ends  of  freight  cars,  slU  steps,  hand- 
brakes, ladders,  running  boards,  roof  holds,  and 
other  safety  appliances;  also  regulations  as  to 
limiting  the  consecutive  hours  on  duty  in  twenty-four, 
the  carrying  of  explosives,  etc.  It  is  the  duty  of 
the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  to  report  to 
the  proper  District-Attorneys  infractions  or  viola- 
tions of  the  provisions  of  these  various  acts,  and  to 
investigate  accidents. 


$350,000,000    ADVANCE    IN    RAILROAD    WAGES. 

By  an  order  ot  May  25,  1918,  the  Director  General  of  Railroads  made  a  general  advance  of  wages  to 
the  2,000,000  operating  employes  of  the  lines  under  his  management.  The  increase  to  those  paid  on  a 
monthlv  basia  ranged  from  43  per  cent,  to  those  already  earning  S50  or  less,  down  to  8.73  per  cent,  for 
those  already  earning  S197,  and  to  4.56  per  cent,  for  those  already  getting  S239  or  more.  All  Increases 
stopped  with  wages  of  S259  a  month.  To  those  paid  on  a  dally  basis,  the  increase  ranged  from  77  cents 
to  the  man  already  earning  75  cents,  down  to  65  cents  for  the  one  already  receiving  S7.60.  To  those  paid 
by  the  hour,  the  raise  varied  from  \3H  cents  to  the  miiti  already  getting  62  cents,  down  to  one-half  cent 
to  the  man  already  getting  119J^  cents.  For  common  labor  paid  by  the  day,  the  minimum  advances  were 
20  cents  per  8-hour  day,  223-^  cents  per  9-hour  day,  25  cents  per  10-hour  day,  27H  cents  per  11-hour  day, 
and  30  cents  per  12-hour  day.     For  common  labor  paid  by  the  hour,  the  minimum  raise  was  2H  cents. 

When  the  amount  of  the  Increase  In  wages  was  put  In  the  June,  1918,  balance  sheet  of  the  railroads 
it  was  found  that  the  back  payments  on  account  of  the  Increase,  covering  six  months,  amounted  to  S133,- 
000  000  for  164,  or  about  three-fourths  of  the  roads.  The  whole  Increase  in  wages  was  later  estimated 
at  $350,000,000  a  year. 

AVERAGE  MONTHLY  EARNINGS  OF  EMPLOYEES  OF  AMERICAN  RAILROADS  THE  FISCAL 
YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30,  1917,  AND  THE  CALENDAR  YEARS  ENDED  DEC.  31.  1916,  AND  1917. 
OCCTPAT.  &  SAL'y  PER  YEAR.    1915. 1  1916.      1917.     OcctJPAT.  &  Sal'y  PER  YEAR.    1915.      1916.      1917. 


General  officers,  S3.000  and  up. 

General  officers  below  $3,000 .  . 

Divls'n  oBicers,  53,000  and  up . 

Division  officers  below  53,000. 

Clerks,  S900  and  up 

Clerks  below  S900 

Messengers  and  attendants. .  . 

Assist'!  engnrs.  and  draftsmen 

M.  AV.  &  8.  foremen. . .- 

Section  foremen 

General  foreiben,  M.  E.  dept. . 

Gang  and  other  foremen, 
M.  E.  department 

Machinists 

Boilermakers 

Blacksmiths 

Masons  and  bricklayers 

Structural  iron  workers 

Carpenters 

Painters  and  upholsterers.  .  . . 

Electricians 

Airbrake  men 

Car  inspectors 

Car  repairers 

Other  slulled  laborers 

Mechanics'  helpers  and  ap- 
prentices  

Section  men 

Other  unskilled  laborers 

Foremen  gangs,  work  trains .  . 

Oth.  men  in  gangs,  work  trains 

Traveling  agents  and  solicitors 

Emplo.ves  in  outside  agencies. 

Other  traflBc  employes 

Train  dispatck's  and  directors 

Telegraph's,  teleph'a.  operat's 


Dols. 


151.88 


147.62 
94.05 
54.17 
36.17 
93.42 
92.26 
64.30 

127.77 

97.24 
85.87 
89.68 
77.21 
65.76 
74.84 
64.00 
63.15 
78.44 
67.63 
73.48 
62.24 
71.07 

50.39 
37.68 
46.44 
84.36 
42.88 

123.83 
81.65 
79.97 

132.99 
66.15 


Dols. 


151.91 


147.64 
99.16 
56.86 
39.26 
93.76 
94.36 
67.98 

131.13 

102.68 
100.42 
102 . 46 
90.22 
77  Al 
85.88 
71.51 
71.44 
79.74 
78.49 
81.11 
68.80 
77.99 

58.01 
42.41 
50.71 
77.54 
46.35 

130.54 
86.81 
99.56 

143 .45 
71.55 


Dols. 


152.63 


155.27 

102.08 
56.77 
42.84 
95.22 

100 . 00 
73.89 

137.73 

112.76 

116.35 

118.85 

104.94 

77.15 

84.38 

78.45 

79.10 

86.03 

90.41 

95.24 

82.78 

88.90 

68.58 

50.31 

58.25 

85.78 

52.44 

136.73 

88.10 

110.68 

149 . 76 

76.29 


Telegraphers  and  telephoners 

operating  interlockers 

Levermen  (non-telegraphers) . . 

Telegrapher  clerks 

Agent  telegraphers 

Station  agents .  •. 

Station  masters  and  assistants 

Station  service  employes 

Yardmasters 

Yardmasters'  assistants 

Yard  engineers  and  motormen 

Yard  firemen  and  helpers 

Yard  conductors  (or  foremen) 
Yard  brake,  (switch,  or  hlprs.) 

Yard  switch  tenders 

Other  yard  employes 

Hostlers 

Enginehouse  men 

Road  frt.  engln'rs,  motormen . 
Road  freight  flrmn.  and  hlprs. 

Road  freight  conductors 

Road  frt.  brakmn.  and  flagmen 
Road  pass,  engln'rs,  motormen 
Road  pass,  firemen  and  helpers 
Road  passenger  conductors. . 
Road  passenger  baggagemen. 
Road  pass,  brakemen,  flagmen 
Other  road  train  employes. . . . 
Crossing  flagmen  and  gatemen 

Drawbridge  operators 

Floating  equipment  employes. 

Express  service  employes 

Policemen  and  watchmen .... 
Other  transportat'n  employes. 
■Ml  other  employes 


Dols. 

68.47 

60.90 

66.32 

68.50 

77.63 

91.29 

60.22 

131.09 

118.79 

126.76 

75.99 

112.66 

91.93 

59.99 

51.45 

80.95 

56.58 

152.75 

94.10 

131.59 

85.83 

178.46 

106.87 

153.57 

87.03 

85.23 

69.00 

39.59 

55.33 

64.61 


59.15 
52.00 
50.63 


Dols. 


72 

64 

69 

71 

79, 

84 

54, 

135 

129, 

134, 

82, 

118 

99, 

62, 

46 

87 

60, 

154, 

93 

134, 

87. 

177 

108, 

156 

91 

85 

65, 

40, 

58, 

74, 

67, 

67, 

56 

51. 


Dols. 

79.60 

71.09 

74.31 

79.04 

86.61 

106.96 

58.57 

151.12 

143.45 

149.78 

91.66 

132.52 

111.18 

70.48 

56.01 

103.68 

69.70 

176.64 

106.11 

154.56 

100.17 

185.93 

112.83 

163.75 

98.01 

91.10 

68.11 

44.65 

63.60 

79.94 

7.16 

74.84 

70.31 

65.48 


336       Finances  of  Railroads  in  U.  S.,  First  Half  1918-1917. 


FINANCES    OF    RAILROADS    IN    U.    S.,    FIRST    HALF    1918-1917. 


Item. 


Average  number  miles  operated 

nevenuea:  Freight 

Passenger 

Mail 

Express 

All  other  transportation 

Incidental 

Joint  facility — Cr 

Joint  facility — Dr 

Railway  operating  revenues 

Expenses:  Malnt.  of  way  and  stnict's . . 

Maintenance  of  eqiiipraeiit 

Traffic 

Transportation 

Miscellaneous  operations 

General 

Transportation  for  investment — Cr. 

Railway  operating  expenses 

Net  revenue  from  railway  operations 

Ry.  tax  accruals  (exc.  war  taxes).  . 

Uncollectible  railway  revenues 

Railway  operating  Income 

Equipment  rents 

Joint  facility  rent  (dr.  bal.) 

Net  of  last  three  above  Items 

Ratio  opratng.  exp.  to  opratng.  rev's 


United  States. 


Amount. 


1918. 


232,949.26 

Dollars. 

1,434,723,161 

448,208,768 

27,121,960 

56,822,417 

55,85.5,140 

56,796.191 

2,754,311 

833,948 

2,081,448,000 

287,199,132 

461,399,840 

27,747,379 

957,571,816 

18,975,016 

55,656,602 

2,843,258 

1,815,706,527 

265,741,473 

92,237,876 

309,190 

173,194,40'" 

13,705,009 

7,832,287 

151,657,111 

87.23% 


1917. 


231,840.57 

Dollars. 

1,351,375,145 

360,620,773 

30,654,883 

50,804.460 

55,424,807 

47,803,933 

1,989,350 

742,560 

1,697.930,501 

218,566,803 

326,384,886 

32,083,867 

717,465,395 

16,029,562 

46,949,637 

3,468,441 

1,354,011,709 

543,918,792 

85,400,088 

315,173 

458,203,531 

10,457,184 

7,695,934 

440,050,413 

71.34% 


Per  Mile  of 
Ko'dOpratd 


1918. 


Dols. 

6,159 

1,924 

116 

244 

240 

244 

12 

4 

8,935 

1,233 

1.981 

119 

4,154 

81 

239 

12 

7,795 

1,140 

396 

1 

743 

59 

33 

651 


1917. 


Dols. 

5.829 

1,566 

132 

219 

239 

206 

9 

3 

8,187 

943 

1,408 

138 

3,095 

69 

203 

16 

5,841 

2.346 

369 

1 

1,976 

45 

33 

1. 


Eastern  District. 


Amount. 


1918. 


59.379.86 

Dollars. 

639,553,798 

187,078,008 

10,436,794 

27,162,586 

31,497.289 

31,765,893 

1,437,707 

442,010 

928,490,065 

123,264,927 

226,976,488 

11,448,997 

472,904,427 

8,931,364 

24,754,794 

385,925 

867.895.072 

60,594,993 

37,375,157 

86,924 

23,132,912 

21,812.150 

3,594,633 

2,273,871 

93.47  % 


1917. 


59,073.08 

Dollars. 

599,839,098 

156,691,514 

12,048.566 

23,880,931 

31,122.051 

26,542,247 

947.907 

442.763 

850,629,551 

90,312,221 

157,613,172 

12,057,571 

356,122,719 

7,339,404 

20,583,214 

339,126 

643,689,175 

206,940,376 

34,455,729 

95,125 

172.389,522 

20,900,450 

3,893,433 

147,.595,639 

75.67" 


Per  Mile  of 
Ro'dOpraM 


1918. 


Dols. 

10,771 

3,151 

176 

457 

530 

635 

24 

8 

15.636 

2,076 

3,822 

193 

7,964 

150 

417 

6 

14,616 

1,020 

629 

1 

390 

367 

61 

36 


1917. 


DoU. 

10,154 

2,652 

•204 

404 

527 

450 

16 

7 

14,400 

1,529 

2,6«9 

204 

6.028 

125 

349 

6 

10,897 

3.503 

584 

2 

2,917 

352 

65 

2.500 


Equipment  rents  is  a  debity  Item.     In  equipment  rents  aijd  joint  facility  items  (dr.  bal.),  AaU\  are 
lacking  for  Wabash  Pittsburgh  Terminal  Railway. 


Item. 


Average  number  miles  operated 

Revenues:  Freight 

Passenger 

Mail 

Express 

All  other  transportation 

Incidental . , 

Joint  facility — Cr 

Joint  facility — Dr 

Railway  operating  revenues 

Expenses:  Maint.  of  way  and  atruct's 

Maintenance  of  equipment 

Traffic 

Transportation 

Miscellaneous  operations 

General 

Transportation  for  investment — Cr . 

Railway  operating  expenses 

Net  revenue  from  railway  operat'ns . 

Ry.  tax  accruals  (exclud.  war  taxes) 

Uncollectible  railway  revenues 

Railway  operating  income 

Equipment  rents 

Joint  facility  rent  (dr.  bal.) 

Net  of  last  three  above  items 

Ratio  opratng.  exp.  to  opratng.  rev's 


Southern  District. 


Amount. 


1918. 


42,967.18 
Dollars. 

234,528,918 

80,981,322 

4,288,370 

7,511,644 

4,537.824 

7.481,428 

658.467 

125.058 

339.862,915 

43,224,537 

73,717,259 

5,174,785 

142.773,052 

1.793,450 

8.398,833 

372,895 

274,709,031 

65,153.894 

13,425,563 

75,039 

51,653,292 

1,963.587 

1,140.157 

.52,476,722 

80.83% 


1917. 


42,737.59 

Dollars. 

210,854,302 

54,204,872 

4,657,469 

7,292.470 

4,245,491 

5,589,027 

449,182 

131.336 

287,161,477 

33,133,500 

52,344,195 

6,148,573 

95.679.704 

1,645,488 

7.017,819 

618,721 

195,350,558 

91,810,919 

12,730.537 

68,315 

79,012,067 

8,559,966 

1,058.517 

76,513,516 

68.03% 


Per  Mile  of 
Ro'dOpratd 


1913.     1917. 


Dols. 

5,458 

1,885 

100 

175 

■106 

174 

15 

3 

7,910 

1,006 

1,716 

120 

3,323 

42 

196 

9 

6,394 

1,516 

312 

2 

1,202 

46 

27 

1,221 


Dols 

4,934 

1,268 

109 

171 

99 

131 

10 

3 

6,719 

775 

1,225 

144 

2,239 

39 

164 

15 

4,571 

2,140 

298 

1 

1,849 

200 

25 

2,034 


WESTfiRN  District. 


Amount. 


1918. 


130.602.23 
Dollars 

560,640,445 

180,149,438 

12,396,796 

22,148,187 

19,820,027 

17,548,870 

658,137 

266,880 

813,095,620 

120,709,668 

160,706,093 

11,123,527 

351,894,667 

8,250,202 

22,502,975 

2,084.438 

673.102.434 

139,992,586 

41,437,156 

147,227 

98,408,203 

6,143,554 

3,097,497 

101,454,260 

82.78  <! 


1917. 


130,029.90 

Dollars. 

540,681,745 

149,724,387 

13,948,848 

19,631,059 

20,056,965 

15,672,659 

692,261 

168,451 

760,139,473 

95,121,082 

116,427,519 

13,877,723 

265,662,972 

7,044,670 

19.348.604 

2,510,594 

514,971,976 

245,167,497 

38,213,822 

161.733 

206,801,942 

1,833,300 

2,743,984 

205,941,258 

67.75% 


Per  Mile  of 
Ro'dOpratd 


1918.     1917. 


Dols. 

4,293 

1,379 

105 

170 

15:; 

134 


6,226 

924 

1,2:^1 

85 

2,695 

63 

172 

16 

5,154 

1,072 

317 

1 

754 

47 

24 

777 


Dols. 

4,158 

1,151 

107 

151 

154 

121 

5 

) 

5,846 

732 

895 

107 

2,043 

54 

149 

19 

3,961 

1,885 

294 

1 

1,590 

15 

21 

1.584 


Equipment  rents  and  Joint  facility  (dr.  bal.)  Items  exclude  figures  for  Colorado  Midland,  Missouri 
Pacific,  and  St.  Louis,  Iron  Momitain  and  Southern  lines  for  five  months  ended  May  31,  1917. 

The  operating  expenses  for  June,  1918,  include  wage  increases  representing  back  pay  since  December 
31,  1917.  The  reported  increase  of  164  roads  for  January  to  May,  Inclusive,  not  oreviously  included  in  operat- 
ing expenses  are:  Maintenance  of  way  and  structures,  $17,505,902;  maintenance  of  equipment,  $29,726,086; 
traffic,  $1,442,531;  transportation,  $79,302,542;  miscellaneous  operations,  $849,636;  general,  $4,216,504;  total, 
$133,043,201.  If  the  foregoing  amounts  were  excluded,  the  operating  expenses  for  June,  1918,  would  be: 
Maintenance  of  way  and  structures,  $50,185,159;  maintenance  of  equipment,  $76,670,235;  traffic,  $4,030,950; 
transportation,  $159,114,343;  miscellaneous  operations,  $3,315,194;  general,  $9,189,297:  transportation  for  Invest- 
ment— Or.,  $452,074;  total,  $302,053,104.  The  railway  operating  income  {or  June,  1918,  would  then  be  $74,083,- 
538,  cr  $318  per  mile  of  road,  against  $427  per  mile  for  June,  1917,  and  against  an  average'  of  $376  per  mile  for 
the  months  of  June,  1915,  1916,  and  1917. 

The  greatest  items  of  increase  In  expenses  ol  operation  were  due  to  the  wage  betterments,  aiiectlne 
2,000,000  employes,  allowed  by  Director  General  McAdoo  in  an  order  dated  May  25,  1918,  and  retroactive 
to  Jan\iary  1,  1918.  The  sum  total  ot  the  W««e  tocreases  for  1918  was  estimated  at  §.340,000,000  tc  .?350,- 
000,000. 


Over  5,000,000  Soldiers  Carried  on  U.  S.  R.  R.'s  in  Ij  Months.  337 

FREIGHT    TRAIN    OPERATION    OF    U.    S.    R.    R.'S-JAN.    1-JUNE    1,    1918. 

UNITED   STATES   RAILROAD   ADMINISTRATION. 
(Compiled  by  Operating  Statistics  Section,  DlvlBion  0/  Operation,  Washington,  JiUy  30,  1918.) 


XJmTBD  States.* 

ICastekn  Distsict. 

Item. 

Increase  or 

Increase  or 

1918. 

1917. 

Decrease, 
Amount. 

1918. 

1917. 

Decrease, 

Amount. 

Freight  train  miles 

260,7.51,161 

269,227,192 

d     8,472,731 

103.088,442 

111,334,670 

d    8,246,228 

Loaded  treigtit  car  milca 

,5,903,28.5,98.1 

6,456,154,497 

d552,868,512 

2,506,082,873 

2,869,227,211 

d  363,144,338 

Empty  frelglit  car  miles 

2,620,147,014 

2,664,267,262 

d  44,120,248 

1,167,797,788 

1,250,667,734 

d  82,869,946 

Tot.  frt.  car  m's,  load,  and  emp. 

8,523,442,999 

9,120,421,759 

d596,938,760 

3,673,880,651 

4,119,894,945 

d  446,014,284 

Freight  locomotive  miles 

304,196,165 

315,549,190 

d  11,353,025 

128,344,269 

136,062,013 

d  7,717,744 

Revenue  ton  miles  (See  JSTote). 

154,195,764,273 

155,066,696,398 

d87fl,932,125 

71,853,516,276 

75,313,713,865 

d  3.460,197,589 

Non-revenue  ton  miles 

14,156,151,131 

14,311,931,058 

dl65,779,927 

4,415,573,454 

4,456,630,289 

d  41,056,835 

Av.  No.  of  frt.  loco's  in  serv . . 

30,655 

30,264 

391 

13,183 

12,875 

308 

Av.  No.  of  freight  locomotives 

-' 

in  or  awaiting  shop 

4,676 

4,455 

221 

2,103 

1,961 

142 

A  V.  No.  of  frt.  cars  in  service . . . 

2,379,553 

2,282,737 

96,816 

1,258,255 

1,218,316 

.39,939 

Av.  No.  of  freight  cars  in  or 

awaiting  shop 

122,208 

127,181 

d  4,973 

70,450 

69,905 

545 

Home 

76,083 

96,525 

d  20,442 

42,463 

D2,433 

d  9,970 

Foreign 

46,125 

.30,656 
629 

15,469 
17 

27,987 
740 

17,472 
716 

10,515 
24 

Tons  per  train  (See  Note) 

646 

Tons  per  loaded  car  (See  Note) 

28.6 

26.2 

2.3 

30.4 

27.8 

2.6 

Av.  miles  per  loco,  per  day .... 

65.7 

69.  J 

d3.4 

64.5 

70.0 

d5.6 

Av.  miles  per  car  per  day 

23.7 

26.4 

d2.7 

19.3 

22.4 

d  3.1 

Per  cent,  of  empty  car  miles. . . 

30.7 

29.2 

1.5 

31.8 

30.4 

1.4 

Per  cent,  of  freight  locomotives 

in  or  awaiting  shop 

15.3 

14.7 

0.6 

10.0 

15.2 

0.8 

Per  cent,  of  freight  cars  in  or 

awaiting  shop 

5.1 

56 

d  0.5 

6.6 

5.7 

d  0.1 

Revenue  ton  miles:  Per  freight 

loco,  per  m'th  (See  Not^) 

1,006,007 

1,024,754 

d  18,747 

1,090,094 

1,169,922 

d  79,828 

Per  frt.  car  p.  m'th  (See  N'e) 

12,960 

13,586 

d626 

11,421 

12,364 

d943 

Av.  miles  operated — sing,  track 

222,670.79 

222,510.37 

160.42 

58,070.43 

58,314.44             d  244.01 

SourHEHN  Disraicr. 

WKSTEEN  District. 

Item. 

Increase  or 

Increase  or 

19)8. 

1917. 

Decrease, 
Amount. 

1918. 

1917. 

Decrease, 
Amount. 

Freight  train  miles 

50,332,605 

47,8.59,710 

2,472,886 

107,333,414 

110,032,803 

d  2,699,388 

Loaded  freight  car  miles 

1,062,738,143 

1,087,690,749 

d  24,952,006 

2,334,464,969 

2,499,236,537 

d  164.771,568 

Empty  freight  car  miles 

519,302,179 

476,962,»lo 

42,339,2.36 

933,047,047 

936,636,585 

d  3,?J9,638 

Total  freight  car  miles— lo.ided 

and  empty . .   . 

1,. 582,040,32'' 

1,5C4  653,692 

17,386,630 

3,267,512,016 

3,435,873  122 

a  168,361,106 

Freight  locomotive  miles 

.56,557,82! 

,53,584,217 

2,973,60! 

119,294,075 

125,902,950 

d  6,608,885 

Revenue  ton  miles  (See  Note). 

28,092,377,891 

27,228,151,472 

864,726,419 

54,249,370,106 

52,524,831,061 

1.724,539,045 
d  99,722,195 

Non-revenue  ton  miles 

2,592,295,113 

2,607,296,010 

d  15,000,897 

7,148,283,564 

7,248,004,759 

Av.  No.  of  frt.  loco's  lu  serv . . 

5,184 

5,080 

104 

12,288 

12,309 

d21 

Av.  No.  of  freight  locomotives 

1 

in  or  awaiting  shop 

637 

625 

12 

1,936 

1,869 

67 

Av.  No.  of  freight  cars  in  serv .  . 

348,744 

289,301 

69,443 

772,554 

775,120 

d  2,566 

Av.  No.  of  freight  cars  in  or 

awaiting  shop 

14,578 

15,242 

d664 

37,180 

42,034 

d  4,854 

9,131 
5,447 

11,969 

3,273 

623 

a  2,838 
2,174 

24,489 
12,691 

32,123 

d  7,634 

Foreign 

9,911 

2,780 

Tons  per  train  (See  Note) .... 

610 

d  13 

572 

543 

29 

Tone  per  loaded  car  (See  Note) 

28.9 

27.4 

1.5 

26.3 

23.9 

2.4 

Av.  miles  per  loco,  per  day 

72.3 

69.9 

2.5 

64.3 

67.8 

d3.6 

Av.  miles  per  car  per  day 

30.0 

.35.8 

U6.8 

28.0 

29.4 

dl.4 

Per  cent,  of  empty  car  miles.  . 

32.8 

30.6 

2.3 

28.6 

27.3 

1.3 

Per  cent,  of  freight  locomotives 

in  or  awaiting  shop 

12.3 

12.3 

15.8 

15.2 

0.6 

Per  cent,  of  freight  cars  in  or 

awaiting  shop 

4.2 

5.3 

dl.l 

4.8 

5.4 

a  0.6 

Revenue  ton  miles:  Per  freight 

loco,  per  m'th  (See  Note ) . . 

1,083,830 

1,071,974 

9,493 

882,965 

853,438 

29,,')27 

Per  frt.  car  p.  m'th  (See  N'te) 

16,111 

18,823 

d  2,712 

14044 

13,553 

49! 

Av.  mlB.  operated — sing,  track 

38,043.67 

37,821.06 

222.61 

126,556.69 

126.374.87 

181.82 

d  Decrease.     *  The  returns  represent  about  96  per  cent,  of  the  total  operated  mileage. 

Note:  Comparison  with  last  year — The  revenue  ton  miles  and  the  averages  based  thereon  (tr.aln 
load,  car  load  and  ton  miles  per  locomotive  and  per  car)  in  May,  1918,  are  somewhat  understated,  and 
to  that  e-xtent  the  figures  are  not  comparable  with  May,  1917,  because  of  the  adoption  of  the  Universal 
Interline  Waybill  on  May  1,  1918,  which  has  Increased  the  proportion  of  freight  moving  on  through  billing. 
The  ton  miles  on  such  freight  are  ordinarily  not  taken  into  "account  until  the  revenue  is  reported  back  by 
thfi  delivering  carrier.  Consequently  the  "lap-over"  of  tons  actually  moved  by  the  train  miles  aurJ  car 
miles  of  May,  but  not  taken  into  account  until  June,  is  larger  this  year  than  last  year. 

OVER    5,000,000   SOLDIERS    CARRIED   ON    U.    S.    R.    R.'S    IN    14    MONTHS. 

Tde  following  figures,  given  out  by  the  United  State.s  Railroad  Administration,  show  that  over  5,0(X),- 
000  soldiers  were  transported  on  Ameiican  railways  from  May  1,  1917.  to  June  30,  1918.  The  first  figures 
after  each  item  cover  the  period  January  1  to  June  30,  1918;  the  second  figures  are  the  total  for  the  whole 
period  of  14  months:  Special  trains  operated,  4,»23,  7,173;  grand  total  cars  used,  55,897.  95,246.  Avercge^: 
Cars  per  train,  12.9,  13  3;  hows  pa-  train,  47,  47.8;  miles  run  per  train,  934,  937;  miles  per  hour,  20, 
19.3;  passengers  per  tjain,  439,  405.  Persons  handled:  On  special  ttalns,  1,895,476,  2,902,099;  OB 
regular  trains,  371,181,   1,079,855;  drafted  men,   892.<)30,  1,396,614;  total.  3.169,687.  5.377,46» 


338 


American  Railway  Statistics. 


AMERICAN    RAILWAY    STATISTICS. 

(Compiled  by  tbe  U.  S.  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  and  covering  all  roads  with  51,000,000  or  more 

income   a   year.) 

RAILWAY  MILEAGE,  1850-1910. 


State. 

1850. 

1860. 

1880. 

1900. 

1910. 

State. 

1850. 

1860. 

1880. 

1900. 

1910. 

Alabama, 

Arkansas 

132 


743 
38 
23 

1,843 

859 

2,195 

1,570 

923 

275 

518 

2,459 

206 

7,851 

4,373 

5,400 

3,400 

1,530 

652 

1,005 

1,040 

1,915 

3,938 

3,151 

1,127 

3.965 

106 

1.953 

739 

1,015 

1,684 

4,225 
3,359 
6,751 
4,587 
1.023 

346 
3,299 
5,651 
1.261 
11.002 
6,470 
9,185 
8.719 
3.^59 
2,824 
1,915 
1,376 
2,118 
8.195 
6,942 
2,919 
6,875 
3,010 
5,684 

909 
1,239 
2.256 

5,226 
5,305 
7,771 
5,532 
1,000 

•  334 
4,431 
7.056 
2,178 

11.878 
7.420 
9,754 
9,006 
3,.526 
5,553 
2.248 
1.426 
2,115 
9,021 
8,668 
4.506 
8,082 
4,207 
6,067 
2,276 
1,245 
2.260 

New  York .... 
North  Carolina 

1,403 
248 

2,682 
937 

5.957 
1.486 
1,225 
5,792 

8,121 
3,831 
2.731 
8,807 

827 

1,723 

10,330 

211 
2,817 
2,849 
3,136 
9.886 
1.547 
1.012 
3,779 
2,913 
2,228 
6,530 
1,228 

8,429 
4,932 

4,201 

Colorado ..... 

Ohio 

575 

2,946 

9,134 

412 
39 
21 

644 

601 

127 

402 

1,420 

5,930 

Delaware 

Oregon 

508 
6,191 

210 
1.427 

2,28< 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idalio 

Pennsylvania  . 
Rhode  Island. . 
South  Carolina 
South  Dakota . 

822 
68 
289 

2,598 
108 
973 

11.290 

212 

3,441 

Illinois   

110 
228 

2.790 

2,163 

655 

3,947 

1,253 
307 

1.843 

3.244 
842 
914 

1,893 
289 
691 

3,155 
512 

3,815 

lOWfl         

Texas 

14,281 

KanSEia 

Utah 

1.985 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

rvlaine 

78 
79 
245 
253 
1,036 
342 

-    534 
335 
472 
386 
1,264 
779 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington . 

279 
515 

554 
1,379 

1.100 
4.53« 
4,876 

West  Virginia . 

352 
905 

3.600 

Massachufletts 
Michigan 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

20 

7.476 
1,644 

Alaska 

Mississippi 

75 

862 
817 

Arizona 

349 

1,611 
21 

2,09? 

Dist.  Columbia 
Hawaii 

3S 

Montanfl, 



Nebraska 

Indian  Terrl'ty 
New  Mexico. . . 

289 
758 

1,322 
1,752 

N'pvflfla 

3,032 

N.  Hampshire . 
New  Jersey .  .  . 

465 

206 

661 

560 

Total 

8,588 

30,626 

93,267 

193,345 

240,438 

PASSENGER  AND  FREIGHT  TRAFFIC, 

1890-1916. 

Ye.vr. 

Passengers 

Freight 

Year. 

Passengers 

Freight 

Year. 

Passengers 

Freight  / 

Carried. 

Carried. 

Carried. 

Carried. 

Carried. 

Carried. 

1890 

492,430,865 

631,740,636 

1899 -. 

523.176,508 

943.715.372 

1908    

890,009,574 

1,532,981.790 

1891 

531,183,998 

638,887,653 

1900 

576,831.251 

1,081,983,301 

1909 

891.472,425 

1,556,659,741 

1892 

560,958,211 

700,744,184 

1901 

607,278.121 

1,089,226,440 

1910 

971,683.199 

1.849,900,101 

1393 

593,560,612 

733,558,341 

1902 

649,878,505 

1,200,315,787 

1911 

997.409,882 

1,781.638,043 

mi 

540,688,199 

628,757,196 

1903 

694,891,535 

1.304,394.323 

1912 

1,004,081,346 

1.844.977,673 

1895 

507.421,362 

686.614,778 

1904 

715,419,682 

1,309,899,165 

1913 

1,033,679,680 

2.058.035,487 

1896 

511,772,737 

753.716,562 

1905 

738,834.667 

1,427,731,905 

1914 

1,053,138,718 

1.976,138,155 

1897 

489,445.198 

728,900,275 

1906 

797,946,116 

1,631,374.219 

1915 

976,303,602 

1,802.018,177 

1S98 

501,060,681 

863,628,605 

1907 

873905.133 

1.796,336,659 

1916 

1.005,683,174 

2.225,943.388 

RAILWAY  MILEAGE  IN  1916,  BY  STATES,  WITH    RATIOS. 


Mileage. 

Miles 

PER — 

State. 

Mileage. 

Miles 

PER 

State. 

100  Sq. 
Miles. 

10.000 
Inh'bnts. 

100  Sq. 
Miles. 

10,000 
Inh'bnts. 

\  Sab  am  a 

5.495 
5,294 
8.440 
5,701 
999 
335 
5,279 
7.482 
2.872 
12.141 
7.475 
9,946 
9,344 
3,836 
5.603 
2,262 
1,428 
2,133 
8,875 
9.152 
4.438 
8.270 
4.847 
6,169 
2,318 
1,252 

10.72 
10.08 

6.42 

6.00 
20.74 
17.05 

9.62 
12.74 

3.45 
21.67 
20.74 
17.89 
11.43 

9.55 
12.34 

7.57 
14.37 
26.54 
16.44 
11.32 

9.67 
12.03 

3.32 

8.03 

2.11 
13.87 

23.64 
30.55 
28.96 
59.73 
8.07 
15.74 
59.52 
26.30 
67.67 
19.81 
26.59 
44.79 
51.25 
16.15 
30.76 
29.34 
10.50 
5.76 
29.15 
40.31 
22.82 
24.28 

106.38 
48.65 

218.97 
28.33 

New  Jersey 

2.337 
8.492 
5.537 
5,274 
9.121 
6.454 
3,067 

11,634 

203 

3,723 

4,278 

4.090 

15,866 
2,137 
1.073 
4,798 
6.698 
3.973 
7.693 
1.906 
2,410 
36 
3.039 

31.11 

17.82 

11.36 

7.52 

22.39 

9.30 

3.21 

25.96 

19.03 

12.21 

5.57 

9.81 

6.05 

2.60 

11.76 

11.92 

8.53 

16.54 

13.92 

1.95 

2.12 

61.45 

2.48 

7  98 

Arkansas  . 

New  York 

8  31 

North  Carolina 

Nortii  Dakota 

Ohio 

23  13 

72.09 

Connecticut. 

17  77 

Oelaware  . . 

Oldahoma 

29  64 

Florida 

Oregon 

37  03 

Georgia 

(daho 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

13.71 
3.33 

niinois 

Indiana 

22.97 
61.73 

Iowa    .... 

17  91 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

36.01 
49.60 
29.51 
21  96 

5^Iarvland ,  .  . 

37  58 

Mas.sachuBett8 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

West  Virginia 

28.83 
30  86 

Wyoming 

Arizona 

District  of  Columbia. . 
New  Mexico 

107.31 

Mls.sis3ippl 

96.16 

Missouri 

1.02 

74.68 

Total 

tCevada .... 

254.250 

8.55 

25  03 

Tsfw  Hampshire 

■ 

Does  not  include  mileage  of  switching  and  terminal  companies.  The  figures  exclude  mileage  as  follows: 
Fj>r  Alaska,  379.78  miles  (unofficial );  Hawaii,  256.27  miles. .  Total  U.  8.  area  is  estimated  for  square-mileags 
fstio,  at  2,973.899  sq.  m.,  which  covers  land  surface  only  ami  excludes  Alaska  and  Hawaii.  Tbe  population 
flftio  la  on  tbe  basts  of  101,672,266,  population  for  1916. 


American  Railway  Statistics— Continued. 


339 


RAILROAD  DIVIDENDS  SINCE  1893. 
(Also  interest  on  funded  debt.) 


Year. 

Stock. 

Divid- 

Ave. 

Paid  In 

Interest 

Interest 

Current. 

(Fiscal.) 

ends. 

Rate. 

Dividends. 

on  Debt. 

Paid. 

Liabilities. 

Per  Cent. 

Per  Cent. 

1893 

$1,809,600,846 

38.76 

6.58 

$100,929,885 

8250,176,887 

$351,106,772 

$7,989,508 

1894 

1,767,925,565 

36.57 

5.40 

95.515,226 

252,779,523 

348,294,749 

10,239,190 

1895 

1,485,618,453 

29.94 

5.74 

85,287,543 

252,512,920 

337,800,463 

7.860,261 

1896 

1,559,024,075 

29.83 

5.62 

87,603,371 

249,624,177 

337,227,548 

8,469,063 

1897 

1,603,549.978 

29.90 

5.43 

87,110,599 

247,880.230 

334,990,829 

7,844,336 

1898 

1.818,113,082 

33.74 

5.29 

96,152,889 

246,126,691 

342,279,580 

7,073,953 

1899 

2,239,502,545 

40.61 

4.96 

111,009,822 

251,158,087 

362,167,909 

7,103,847 

1900 

2,668,909.895 

45.66 

5.23 

139,597,972 

252,949,616 

392,547,588 

4,912,892 

1901 

2,977,575,179 

51.27 

5.26 

156,735,784 

262,094,838 

418,830,622 

6,520,572 

1902 

3,337,614,681 

55.40 

5.55 

185,391,655 

274.421,855 

459,813,510 

7,717,103 

1903 

3,450,737,869 

56.06 

5.70 

196,728,176 

283.953,124 

480,681,300 

9,060,645 

1904 

3,643.427,319 

57.47 

6.09 

221,941,049 

297,674,738 

619,615.787 

13,945,009 

1905 .-. 

4,119,086,714 

62.84 

5.78 

237,964,482 

310.631,802 

648.596,284 

11,451,400 

1906 

4.526,958,760 

66.64 

6.03 

272,795,974 

322,555,934 

595,351,908 

11,653,076 

1907 

4,948,756,203 

67.27 

6.23 

308,088,627 

344,242,617 

652.331,244 

16,671,632 

1908 

4,843,370,740 

65.69 

8.07 

390,695,351 

368,295,579 

758,990,930 

31,338,440 

1909 

4.920.174.118 

64.01 

6.53 

321,071,626 

382,675,101 

703,746,727 

24,220,066 

1910 

5.412.578,457 

68.71 

7.50 

405,771,416 

399,582,056 

805,353,472 

16,536,695 

1911 

5.730,250.326 

67.65 

8.03 

460,195,376 

410,326,852 

870,522,228 

26,207,567 

1912 

5,581,289,249 

64.73 

7.17 

400,315,313 

429,026,729 

829,342,042 

25,409,689 

1913 

5,780.982,416 

66.14 

6.37 

369,077,540 

434,752,760 

803,830,.306 

31,194,260 

1914 

5,667,072,956 

64.39 

7.97 

451,653,346 

439,879,894 

891,533,240 

45,972,506 

1915 

5,219,846,562 

60.45 

6.29 

328,477,938 

464.186.021 

792,603,939 

34,546,454 

1916 

5,279,427,954 

60.38 

6.48 

342,109,396 

474,534,514 

816,643,910 

20^250,725 

STOCKS,  BONDS,  &C.,  OF  RAILROADS— 1897-1916. 


Ye.^r. 
(Fiscal.) 


1897. . 
1898. . 
1899.  . 
1900. . 
1901 .  . 
1902 . . 

1903 .  . 

1904 .  . 

1905.  . 
1906. . 

1907.  . 

1908.  . 
1909. . 
1910. . 
ISU.. 
1912..  , 
1G13. . 
19U;', 
1014., 
1916. , 


Common 
Stock. 


54,367, 
4,269, 
4,323, 
4,522 
4,475 
4,722 
4,876, 
5,050 
5,180 
5,403 
5,932 
5,910 
6,218 
6,710 

.7,074 
7,248 
7,231 
7,304 
7,599 
7,602 


056,657 
,271,714 
,300,969 
,291,838 
,408,821 
,056,120 
,961,012 
529,469 
933,907 
001,962 
,948,772 
,351,430 
382,485 
,168,538 
,917,534 
,749,515 
515,045 
479,846 
937,801 
,923,972 


Preferred 
Stock. 


3997,585.598 
1,118,996,007 
1,191,710,757 
1,323,287,755 
1,331,157,383 
1,302,145,175 
1,278,598,020 
1,289,369,860 
1,373,623,144 
1,400,758,131 
1,423,912,919 
1,462,860,893 
1,467,890,060 
1,403,488,842 
1,395,800,077 
1,373,651,306 
1,379,096,282 
1,376,279,858 
1,394,956,920 
1,455,758,761 


Bonds. 


34,639.911,595 
4,640,762,632 
4,731,054,376 
4,900,626,823 
5,048,811,611 
5,213,421,911 
5,426,730,154 
5,746,898,983 
6,024,449,023 
6,266,770,962 
6,472,839,323 
6,610,189,953 
6,942,012,006 
7,408,183,482 
7,825,269,102 
8,015,943,172 
8,186,366,426 
8,496,370.538 
9,047,182,748 
9,254,546,150 


Securities. 


85,270, 

5,430 

5,518 

5,645 

5,881 

6,109 

6,444; 

6,873, 

7,250, 

7,766, 

8,725, 

9,394, 

O.SOl, 

10,303, 

10,738, 

11,130, 

11,185 

11, .566 

12,133 

12,033 


365,819 
,285,710 
943,172 
,455,367 
,580,887 
,981,669 
,431.226 
225,350 
,701,070 
661,385 
284,992 
332,504 
590,390 
474,858 
,217,470 
,135,443 
514,38.^ 
541,553 
064,3.57 
389,512 


Railwtiy 
Capita!. 


310,635 
10,818 
11,033 
11,491 
11,688 
12,134 
12,599 
13,213 
13,805 
14,570 
16,082 
16,767 
17,487 
18,417 
19,208 
19,752 
19,796 
20,247 
21,127 
21,092 


,008,074 
,554,031 
,9.54,898 
,034,960 
,147,091 
,182,964 
,990,258 
,124,679 
,258,121 
,421,478 
,146,683 
,544,827 
,8(5.S,935 
132,238 
935,081 
,530,264 
,125,712 
,301,257 
,9.'";9,078 
,072,245 


.The  total  capital  iuclude.s.  In  1913,  the  sum  of  836,340,807.  assigned  to  "Other  properties";  S948.0S^>,87e 
held  by  or  lor  issuing  companies:  and  847,703,555,  receipts  outstanding  for  instalments  paid;  in  1954,  in- 
cludes 339,390,988,  assigned  to  "Other  properties";  31,023,604,042,  held  by  or  for  issuing  companies;  and 
$69,911,551.  receipts  outstanding  for  instalments  paid;  together  with  smaller  .suaia  in  othoi  years.  ' 

'.  ,'  RAILROAD  TAXES  AND  ASSESSMENTS— lOlB. 


,'SrATB.         .imount. 

Per  Mile 
of  Line. 

State. 

Amount. 

Per  Mile 
of  Line. 

State. 

Amoiiat. 

Per  MUe 
of  Line. 

AKi   ..... 
ASz ......  . 

jm.:t: . . . 
csa.'.: ... 

Col 

Conn 

Del 

D.  C 

Fia 

Ga 

Idaho 

111 

Ind 

Iowa 

Kan 

Ky 

La ;. 

Me...  ... 

31,700,415 

,  :•  ■  1,397,457 

■,      2,158,938 

4,857,712 

2,368,277 

972,740 

132,878 

59,397 

1,515,490 

1,927,529 

1,681.536 

8,558,096 

5,470,789 

3,775,291 

4,022.138 

1,860,484 

1,906,812 

1,071,383 

S339 
627 
490 
639 
436 
975 
396 

1,704 
335 
291 
615 
717 
755 
386 
441 
622 
427 
498 

Md 

Mass 

Mich 

Minn 

Miss 

Mo    

Mont. .  . . 

Neb 

Nev 

N.  H 

N.J 

N.  M 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  Dak... 

Ohio 

Okla 

51,149,462 
2,562,916 
4,380,643 
6,027,684 
1,727,196 
2,194,200 
2,562,694 
2,698,558 
1,012,741 
696,062 
7,792,764 
1.164,537 

11.187,009 
1,680,604 
2,274,211 
9,701,813 
3,684,460 

SS45 

1,227 
522 
668 
442 
282 
539 
437 
485 
559 

3,537 
414 

1,369 
384 
440 

1.071 
581 

Ore 

Pa 

R.  I 

S.  C 

S.  Dak .  . . 

Tenn 

Tex 

Utah 

Vt 

Va 

Wash 

W.  Va.... 

Wi3 

Wyo 

Total. . . 

S1,GG8.936 
8,678.961 

388,781 
1,068,266 
1,446,198 
1.747,858 
4,935,807 
i,i  15,058 

491,207 
2,n,58,141 
4,;^61,838 
2,298,087 
5.119,043 

835,681 

$625 
800 

1,990 
325 
342 
463 
332 
.534 
501 
614 
822 
702 
720 
465 

S144.748.778 

$608 

Excludes  certain  amounts  of  taxes  not  apportioned  by  States,  r.inging  up  to  over  S5,000,(X)0  In  several }  eari; 


S40 


American  Railway  Statistics — Continued. 


RAILROADS  UNDER  RECEIVERSHIP  AND   F0RECL03URE- 
(Source:  The  Railway  Age,  Chicago.) 


-1878-1917. 


Cale.vd'k 
Year. 

Receivership. 

Foreclosure. 

Calend'r 
Year. 

Receivership. 

FORECLOSURE. 

No 
R'ds 

Miles. 

Sfks.  & 
Bonds. 

No 
R'ds 

Miles. 

Sfks.  & 
Bonds. 

No 
R'ds 

Miles. 

St'kS.  & 
Bonds. 

No 

R'ds 

Miles. 

St'ks.  & 
Bonds 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1835 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1S98 

27 
12 
13 

5 
12 
11 
37 
44 
13 

9 

22 
22 
26 
26 
36 
74 
38 
31 
34 
18 
18 

2,320 

1,102 

885 

110 

912 
1,998 
i 1,838 
8,836 
J, 799 
1,046 
3,270 
3.803 
2,963 
2,159 
10,508 
29,340 
7,025 
4,089 
5,441 
1,537 
2,969 

Dollars* 

92,385 

39,367 

140,265 

3,742 

39,074 

108,470 

714,775 

385.460 

70,346 

90,318 

186,814 

99,664 

105,007 

84,479 

857,692 

1,781,046 

395,791 

369,075 

278,597 

92,909 

138,701 

48 
65 
31 
29 
16 
18 
15 
22 
45 
31 
19 
25 
29 
21 
28 
25 
42 
52 
58 
42 
47 

3.906 
4.909 
3,775 
2,617 
867 
1,354 
710 
3,156 
7,687 
5,478 
1,596 
2,930 
3,825 
3,223 
1,922 
1,613 
5,643 
12,831 
13.730 
6,675 
6,034 

Dollars* 
311,631 

243,288 

263,882 

137,923 

65,426 

47,100 

23,504 

278,304 

374,109 

328.181 

64,555 

137,815 

182,495 

169,069 

95,893 

79,924 

318,909 

761.791 

1,150,377 

517.680 

252,910 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Total . . 

10 
16 

4 

5 

9 

8 

10 

6 

7 

24 

5 

7 

5 

13 

17 

22 

12 

9 

19 

1,019 

1,165 

73 

278 

229 

744 

3,593 

204 

317 

8,009 

859 

735 

2,606 

3,784 

9,020 

4,222 

20,143 

4,439 

2,486 

Dollars'' 

52,285 

78,234 

1.627 

5.835 

18,823 

36,069 

176,321 

55,042 

13,585 

696,359 

78,095 

51,427 

210,606 

182,112 

477,780 

199,571 

1,070,808 

208.159 

61,169 

32 

24 

17 

20 

13 

13 

6 

8 

6 

3 

12 

17 

13 

12 

6 

9 

11 

26 

20 

4,294 

3,477 

1,139 

693 

555 

524 

679 

262 

114 

138 

2,629 

1,100 

1,386 

661 

1,159 

1,470 

3,914 

8,355 

10,963 

Dollars" 

267,534 

190,374 

85,808 

39,788 

15,885 

28,266 

20,307 

10,400 

13,777 

2,547 

250,033 

93,660 

40,741 

25,910 

86,163 

83,189 

285,253 

70,344 

557,846 

816 

176.466 

9,802,163 

1,060 

143,728 

8389,618 

*  000  omitted. 


REVENUES  AND  EXPEN.SE3  OF  STEAM  ROADS— CALENDAR  YEAR  1917. 


United  States. 

Eastern  District. 

ACCOUXT. 

Amount. 
1917. 

PEE  Mile  Line. 

Amount. 
1917. 

Per  Mile  Line 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

191)6:-' 

Total  oDpratine  revenues 

S4,041,014,239 

2,829.246,769 

825,496,365 

58,681,549 

106,895,282 

220,694,274 

2,852,880,198 

444,458,855 

691.025.391 

64,966,241 

1,529,800,773 

96,418,745 

26,210,191 

1,188,134,043 

220,162,949 

702,571 

967,268,523 

$17,482 

12,240 

3,571 

254 

463 

954 

12,342 

1,923 

2,990 

281 

6,618 

417 

113 

5,140 

952 

3 

4  18.=i 

S15,721 

11.165 

3,069 

266 

392 

829 

10,305 

1,841 

2,596 

273 

5,142 

369 

84 

5,416 

691 

4 

4,721 

$1,803,619,108 

1,250.597,860 

358,306,090 

23,218,961 

50,275,026 

121,221,171 

1,353,314,671 

186,148,621 

331,796,596 

25,283,476 

752,723,364 

42,393,829 

14,968,785 

450,304.437 

79.065,299 

230.208 

371,008,930 

S30.488 

21,140 

6,057 

392 

850 

2,049 

22,876 

3,146 

5,409 

427 

12,724 

717 

253 

7,612 

1,336 

6,272 

827,633 

Freight 

19.441 

Pa  ;senger 

5,353 

Mail 

385 

ExoresB 

720 

All  other 

1,784 

18  815 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structure.  . 

2,986 
4,853 

Traffic 

406 

9,736 

630 

All  other 

204 

Net  ooeratinc  revenue      

8,868 

Taxes 

1,084 

Uncollectible  revenues 

OoerLitlnff  income      

6 

7,778 

Operutlug  ratio— per  cent {  \^\l 

70 .  60 
65.66 

75.03 
67.97 

Avtri>?e  mileage  represented {  \g\'f^ 

23 
23 

1,155 
).606 

59 
59 

,157 
,229 

Ai-'OUNT. 


Total  operating  revenues 

Freight 

Passenger 

Mail 

Express 

All  other 

Total  operating  expenses 

Maintenance  of  way  and  structure.  . 

Maintenance  of  equipment 

Traiflc 

Transportatioii 

General 

All  other 

Net  operating  re  .•eaue 

Taxes 

Uncollectible  revenues 

Operating  income 

Operating  ratio — per  cent I  Jgjg 

Average  mileage  represented ij  \g\l 


SouTsiEKN  District. 


Amount. 
1917. 


S607 

435 

126 

9 

14 

21 
413 

68 
109 

12 
206 

14 

1 

193 

36 

157 


401,424 
281,262 
,948,362 
036,414 
763,477 
;371,909 
587,650 
,679,084 
,969,630 
139,790 
1384,238 
518,315 
,896,593 
813,774 
070,326 
113,084 
,630,364 


Per  Mile  Line 


1917.       1916. 


S14.191 

10,170 

2,966 

211 

345 

499 

9,663 

1,605 

2,569 

284 

4,822 

339 

44 

4,528 

843 

2 

3,683 


812,288 

9,048 

2.306 

197 

307 

430 

7.992 

1.510 

2,201 

275 

3,664 

310 

32 

4,296 

626 

4 

3,766 


68.09 
65.04 


42,801 
42.616 


VVestern  District. 


Amount. 
1917. 


Sl,629, 

1,143, 

340, 

26, 

41, 

78, 

1,085, 

189, 

249, 

27, 

570, 

39, 

9, 

544, 

105, 

438, 


993,707 
367.647 
241,913 
426.174 
856,779 
.101,194 
,977,875 
,631,150 
259,165 
,542,975 
,693,171 
,506,601 
,344,813 
,015,832 
,027,324 
359,279 
,629,229 


Per  Mile  Lute. 


1917.       1916. 


§12,618 

8,850 

2,633 

205 

324 

604 

8,405 

1,468 

1,929 

213 

4,417 

306 

72 

4,211 

8-13 

3 

3,395 


511,354 

8,059 

2,271 

233 

269 

522 

7,158 

1.424 

1.689 

211 

3,519 

267 

46 

4,198 

564 

3 

3,631 


66.62 
63.02 


129.197 
128,761 


Ame)'ican  Railway  Sfaiistics—Continued. 


341 


NUMBER  KILLED 

AND 

INJURED  BY 

RAILROADS 

SINCE 

1892. 

■Year. 
(Fis-.-al) 

Emplotebs. 

Passengers. 

ALL  Others 

AND  TOT.VL. 

YEAR. 

(Fiscal) 

Employees. 

PAaSENGEHS. 

All  Ot>:ep.8 

AND  TOT,\L. 

KUletl 

Inj'rd . 

Killed 

Inj'rd . 

KiUed 

Inj'rd . 

Killed 

Inj'rd . 

Killed 

Inj'rd . 

Killed 

Inj'rd. 

1892 .... 

2,554 

28,267 

376 

3,227 

7,147 

36,652 

!»06 .... 

3,929 

76,701 

359 

J0,764 

10,618 

97,706 

IS93.... 

2,727 

31,729 

299 

3,229 

7,346 

40,393 

1907 .... 

4,534 

87,644 

610 

13,041 
11,556 

11,839 

111,016 

1894 ... . 

l,g:'3 

23,422 

324 

3,934 

6,447 

31,889 

19IS .... 

3,405 

82,487 

381 

10,188 

104,230 

1895 .... 

1,811 

25,696 

170 

2,375 

6.136 

33,718 

1909 .... 

2,610 

75,006 

253 

10,311 

8,722 

95,626 

1896.... 

1,861 

29,969 

181 

2,873 

6,448 

38,687 

1910.... 

3,382 

95,671 

324 

12,451 

9,682 

119,507 

1897 ... . 

1,693 

27.667 

222 

2,795 

6,437 

36,731 

1911.... 

3,602 

126,039 

356 

13,433 

10,396 

1.50,169 

1898 .... 

1,958 

31,761 

221 

2,945 

6,859 

40,882 

1912.... 

3,635 

142,442 

318 

16.386 

10,585 

169,538 

1899 .... 

2,210 

34,923 

239 

3,442 

7,123 

44,620 

1913.... 

3,715 

171,417 

403 

16,539 

10,964 

200,308 

1900 ... . 

2.550 

39,643 

249 

4,128 

7,865 

50,320 

1914.... 

3,259 

165,212 

265 

15,121 

10,302 

■193,662 

1901 .... 

2,675 

41.142 

282 

4,988 

8,455 

53,339 

1915.... 

2,152 

138.092 

222 

12,110 

8,621 

162,040 

1903 .... 

2,969 

50,524 

345 

6,683 

8,588 

64,662 

1916.... 

2,687 

160,663 

283 

8,379 

9,364 

lhO,375 

1903 .... 

3,606 

60,481 

355 

8,231 

9,840 

76,5.53 

Cal  yr. 

1904.... 

3,6.12 

67,067 

441 

9,111 

10,046 

84,1.55 

1916.... 

2,94i 

176,923 

291 

8,008 

10,001 

196.722 

1905.... 

?„M\ 

66,R33 

537 

10,457 

9,703 

86,008 

1917.... 

ANALYSIS  OF 

NOX-TRAIN  accidents— 1916. 

Class  of  Accident. 

Shopmen. 

Station 

MEN. 

Track -MEN. 

Bridge  and 
Bldg.  Men. 

Other 
Employees. 

Total. 

Kid 

Inj'rd . 

Kid 

Inj'rd . 

Kid 

Inj'rd . 

Kid 

Inj'rd . 

Kid 

Inj'rd. 

Kid 

Inj'rd . 

Working  machinery,  engines. 

15 

6 
9 
2 

11 
12 

24 
23 

1 

3 

29 

4,794 

512 
12,959 
6,497 

2,201 

116 

10,090 

6,859 

2,254 
5,149 
18,329 

2 

"  "l 

7 

"li 

7 

61 

24 

219 

66 

43 

1 

1,341 

1,44) 

200 
ll,4i2 

2,150 

1 

"    i 
1 

7 

5 

20 
33 

10 

"  37 

285 

57 
3,197 
1,465 

102 

20 

1,169 

2,474 

10,748 

659 

5,231 

1 

1 

3 

1 

1 
16 
26 

3 

"  16 

94 

22 
809 
173 

40 
11 

634 
1,102 

1,5.52 

130 

1,228 

6 

2 

1 

2 
4 

8 
18 

1 
2 

22 

245 

35 
496 
226 

144 
41 

751 
1,728 

762 
1,226 
3,104 

27 

8 
14 

3 

28 

29 

74 

123 

16 
19 

124 

5,490 

653 
17,701 
8,436 

2,565 
225 

Transmission  apparatus: 
(Belts,  gears,  shafting,  <tc.) 

Use  ot  hand  tools,  &c 

Flying  particles 

Explosives,  inflammable,  liot, 

or  corrosive  substances 

Electrti  currents 

Collapse,  lall,  &c.,  of  objects. . 
FallS'Sf  persons 

14,079 
14,097 

15,539 
18,672 
30,398 

Handling    rails,    ties,    bridge 

Handling  freight  or  supplies .  . 
Misc.  industrial  causes 

Total  industrial  accidents .  . 
Other  non-train  accidents .... 

135 
1 

69,790 
246 

28 
1 

16,958 
49 

115 

4 

25,407 
103 

67 
I 

5,795 
21 

66 

to 

8,758 
675 

465 
60 

127,855 
1,885 

Total 

136 

70,036 

29 

17,007 

119 

25,510 

68 

5,816 

76 

9,433 

525 

129.740 

CASUALTIES  ON  RAILWAYS  IN  1916,  BY  CL.4SSES. 
(Calendai-   Year.) 


' '    .-  Cause  6f  accident. 

Passengers. 

Employees. 

Other  Persons. 

TOTAL  PERSONS. 

Killed. 

Injured . 

KUled. 

Injured 

Killed. 

Injured. 

KUled. 

Injured. 

Train  accidents — collisioas 

.Derailments 

Miscellaneous,  including  loco,  explo. 

70 
41 

1,886 

1,699 

G6 

179 

156 

35 

2,013 

1,279 

530 

17 

61 

3 

46 

155 

23 

266 

268 

38 

3,945 

3,133 

619 

Total 

111 
180 

3,P.51 
4,357 

370 
2,143 

3,822 
45,299 

81 
6,591 

224 
9,629 

662 
8,914 

7,697 

Train-service  accidents 

59,285 

Total 

291 

8,008 

2,513 

428 

49,121 
127,802 

6,672 
97 

9.853 
1,938 

9,476 
525 

66,982 

Non-train  accidents  

129,740 

Grand  total 

291 

8,008 

2,941 

176,923 

6,769 

11.791 

10.001 

196,722 

RAILROAD  CARS:  NUISIBER  IN  SERVICE. 
(Source:  Statistical  reports  of  the  Intorstafe  Commerce  Commission.) 


Year. 

Service. 

Fast 
Freight 
Service. 

Year. 
(Fiscal.) 

Service. 

Fiist 
Freight 
Service. 

(Fiscal.) 

Pas'nger. 

Freight. 

Company. 

Pas'nger. 

Freight. 

Company. 

1900.... 
1901 .... 
1902.... 
1903... . 
1904.... 
1905.... 
1906.... 
1907.... 
1908.... 

34,713 
-    35,969 
36,987 
38,140 
39,752 
40,713 
42,262 
43,973 
45,1]7 

1,365,531 
1,464,328 
1,546,101 
1,653,782 
1,692,194 
1,731,409 
1,837,914 
1,991,557 
2.089,302 

50,594 
60,536 
57,097 
61,467 
66,615 
70,749 
•  78,736 
91,064 
96,762 

42,771 
41,942 
43,142 
34,579 
37,937 
33,857 
32,168 
32,092 
30,967 

1909.... 
1910.... 
1911.... 
1912.... 
1913.... 
1914.. .. 
1915.      . 
1916.... 

45,584 
47,095 
49,818 
51,490 
51,700 
53,466 
55,705 
54,664 

2,073.606 
2,135,121 
2,195,511 
2,215,549 
2.273,554 
2,325,647 
2.356,338 
2,326,987 

99,090 
108,116 
1 14,006 
115,635 
120,244 
124,709 
95,934 
96,608 

'     29,856 
29,209 
28,338 
27,876 
28,625 
29,149 
20,914 
19,861 

,  Excludes  cars  in  the  service  of  switching  and 
roads  (having  operating  revenues  below  $100,000 
Iianies. 


terminal  companies.       E.\cludes  returns  for  so-called  smalt 
for  the  je.'ir)  and  returns  for  swit'Ching  and  tetmtaai  com- 


B4 


o 


American  Railway  Staiistics'^Conlinued. 


RAILWAY   REVENUES'  AND   EXPENSES— CALENDAR  YEAR   1917. 


ROAD. 


eastern  District: 

Ann  Arbor 

Atlantic  &  St.  Lawrence 

Atlantic  City 

Baltimore  &  Ohip 

Baltimore,  Chesapeake  &  Atlantic 

Bangor  &  Aroostook 

Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie 

Boston  &  Maine 

Buffalo  &  Susquehanna  R.  R.  Corp.  .  .  . 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh 

Canadian  Pacific  (lines  in  Maine) 

Central  New  England 

Central  R.  R.  of  New  Jersey 

Central  Vermont 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois 

Chicago  &  Erie 

Chicago.  Indianapolis  &  Louisville 

Chicago,  Terre  Haute  &  Southeastcii . . . 

Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton 

Cincinnati,  Indianapolis  &  Western 

Cincinnati  Northern 

Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Cliicago  &  St.  L. . 

Cumberland  Valley 

Delaware  &  Hudson 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 

Detroit  &  Mackinac 

Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee    .  .  . 

Detroit,  Toledo  &  Ironton 

Elgin,  JoUet  &  Eastern 

Erie 

Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 

Grand  Trunk  Western 

Hocking  Valley 

Indiana  Harbor  Belt 

Kanawha  &  Michigan 

Lake  Erie  &  Western 

Lehigh  &  Hudson  River 

Lehigh  &  New  England 

Lehigh  VaUey 

Long  Island 

Maine  Central 

Michigan  Central 

Monongahela 

ijew  York  Central 

New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 

Now  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford 

New  York.  Ontario  &  Western 

New  Yorl?,  Philadelphia  &  Norfolk 

New  York,  Susquehanna  &  V/cstern .... 

Pennsylvania  Company 

Pennsylvania  R.  R. . . . 

Pere  Marquette 

Pl\iladelphia  &  Reading 

Philadelphia,  Baltimore  &  Washington .  . 

Pittsburgh  &  Lake  Erie 

Pittsburgh,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  Pt.  I. 

Pittsburgh,  Shawmut  &  Northern 

Rutland 

Staten  Island  Rapid  Transit 

Toledo  &  Ohio  Central 

Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Western 

Ulster  &  Delaware 

Union  R.  R.  Co.  (of  Pennsylvania) .  .      . 

Wabash 

AVestern  Maryland 

West  Jersey  &  Seashore 

.    AVheellng  &  Lake  Erie 

Southern  District: 

Al.abama  &  Vicksburg 

Alabama  Great  Southern 

Atlanta  &  West  Point 

Atlanta,  Birmingham  &  Atlantic 

Atlantic  Coast  Line 

Carolina,  Cllnchfield  &  Ohio 

Central  o(  Georgia 

Charleston  &  Western  Carolina 

Cliesapeake  &  Ohio 

Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Pacific 

Coal  &  Coke 

Florida  East  Coast 

Georgia  R.  R.  Lessee  Organization 

Georgia  Southern  &  Florida 

Gulf  &  Ship  If;!and 

Gulf,  Mobile  <fc  Northern 


Average 

Miles  op. 

1917. 


295 
166 
170 

4,742 

87 

632 

206 

2,305 
252 
586 
233 
301 
G84 
411 

1,131 
209 
054 
374 
290 
321 

9J.F) 

2,386 
163 

878 

955 

384 

190 

441 

S02 

1,937 

569 

347 

349 

109 

176 

900 

96 

296 

1,442 

398 

1,216 

1.861 

108 

0,082 

571 

1,995 

568 

112 

135 

1,754 

4,. 542 

2.243 

l,i2T 

746 

224 

:;,398 

204 

454 

23 

-i35 

4.55 

128 

35 

2,.'U9 

739 

3.59 

512 


142 

312 

93 

640 

4,780 
282 

1,918 
342 

2,412 
o37 
107 
7^1 5 
334 
402 

nil; 

402 


Oper.^ting  RE\'ENUES. 


1917. 


33,138,943 

1,858,904 

3,215,426 

133,613,321 

1,281,365 

4,384,562 

12,372,619 

59,4.50,779 

1,785,856 

14,975,000 

2,424,739 

5,477,288 

37.096,739 

4,482,811 

21,012,173 

8,794,149 

9,161,898 

3,805,025 

6.021,252 

2,639,537 

2,440,830 

52,650,920 

4,838,904 

29,935,653 

57,211.224 

1,340,450 

3,403.425 

2,649,122 

15,816,473 

70,982,219 

6,491,359 

10,165.881 

10,696,434 

6,121,878 

3,606,991 

8,122,896 

2,247.617 

3,666,567 

53,358,446 

17,286,179 

14.125.577 

62,879,434 

2,152,830 

238,829,800 

16,901,206 

85.784,893 

9,164,878 

5.516,810 

3,478,993 

78,595,299 

255  093,496 

23,713,269 

66,831,398 

33,212,404 

25,621,654 

73,507,628 

1,230,927 

4,325,368 

1,493,514 

S.088,542 

7,041.663 

1.008,893 

.5,732,626 

40,459,402 

13,638,450 

8,555.047 

11,028,904 


2,139,316 
7,151.055 
1,770.250 
3,983,368 

44,063,331 
4,063,267 

16,024,537 
2,401.443 

54.643,794 

13,051,819 
1,290,685 
8,140.167 
4,366,637 
2.983,427 
2,328,743 
2.322.650 


1916. 


52,807,121 

2,174,364 

2,711,811 

116,968,882 

1..232,021 

4,013.408 

11,110,685 

55,383,545 

1,678,686 

12,761,754 

2,121,236 

5,208,198 

34,372,348 

4,403,588 

16,817,329 

8,335.152 

8,202,276 

2,813,761 

10,217,861 

2,372,130 

1,909,947 

46,678,241 

3,684.644 

26,595,975 

51,580,899 

1,254,102 

3,274,925 

2,325,278 

14,138,324 

65,976,110 

6,897,566 

9,229,591 

8,200,420 

4,653.961 

3.527,861 

7.404.184 

2,143,597 

3.046,332 

48,859,909 

14,971,839 

12,824,676 

46,418,790 

2,024,939 

223,261,590 

15,387,928 

80,432,167 

8,794  106 

6,194,159 

3,398.205 

75.569,026 

230.278.534 

22,.559,254 

60.452,869 

25,546,425 

24,043,163 

64,036,497 

2,034,995 

4,035,656 

1,554.480 

6,203,847 

6,958,987 

1,007,840 

5,698,568 

37,592.564 

11,967,982 

7,829,320 

10,003,608 


1,818,133 
5,987,828 
1,469,722 
3,339,840 

37,322,085 
3,105.320 

13.725,144 
2,025,370 

49,834,312 

12,019,397 
1,150,430 
8,713,079 
3,433,069 
2,669.809 
1,986,157 
2.051,088 


Operating  Expenses. 


1917. 


$2,384,890 

2,392,406 

2,341,724 

103,024,213 

1,173,327 

2,990,368 

8,672,234 

47,164,941 

1,411,722 

11,878,566 

2,129,438 

3,618,488 

26,412,853 

3,730,313 

16,398.363 

6,659,439 

6,482,004 

2,889,489 

4,901,183 

2,127,458 

1,767,202 

38,059.421 

2,541,842 

23,374,755 

37,676,488 

1,071,039 

3,148,678 

2,524,102 

10,997.720 

60,817,685 

6,116,260 

7,825,915 

7,409.123 

4,131,520 

2.543,126 

5,871,532 

1,467,806 

2,263.045 

41,826,166 

11,960,535 

10,675.876 

38,289.136 

1.359.086 

170.542,128 

13,281,309 

61,970,060 

6.620, .579 

4,088,202 

2.764,362 

62,747.900 

200.588,086 

17.744,528 

46,699.283 

24,588,247 

16,652,502 

56,361,949 

1,429,015 

3,275,722 

1,166,915 

6,114,305 

5,023,863 

797,475 

5.699,962 

28.581,405 

9,561,316 

7,002,130 

7,369,085 


1,501,242 
4,734,410 
1,241,228 
3,322,257 

29,773,995 
2,333,597 

11,045.849 
1,527,928 

38,105,806 
8,841,061 
1,145,312 
4,5(ri,196 
2,940,044 
2,336,080 
1,552,310 
1,589,401 


1916. 


$1,979,936 
1,862,361 
1.991,456 

84,460,295 
1,029,975 
2,439,252 
6,257,620 

38,251,716 
1,244.945 
9,389,793 
1,470,103 
2,941,140 

22,156,647 
3,355,528 

13,117,508 
5,231,058 
6,346,608 
2,148,320 
7,592,111 
1,716,713 
1,307,820 

31,221,977 
2,039,343 

18,058,955 

31,940,974 

855,048 

2,749,483 

1,772,584 

8,925,906 

48,222,643 
4,396,460 
6,234,748 
5,597,889 
3,142,779 
2,378,787 
4,689,268 
1,347.553 
1.821,674 

34,764,977 
9,927,208 
8,800,761 

30,646,261 

1,011,610 

143,363,853 

11,471,986 

54,372,029 
6,200,753 
3,443,073 
2,409,737 

51,131,323 
166.164,582 

15.631.230 

34,879,459 

18,660,284 

11.777,113 

46.171,537 
1,768,417 
2,723,190 
1.112,900 
4,610,835 
3,832,805 
736,980 
4,102,081 

25,399,879 
7,516,222 
5,957,483 
6,364,900 


1,338,530 
3,798,638 
1,034,825 
2,555,181 

24,060,606 
1,052.651 
9,281,046 
1,309,418 

32,698.676 
7.709.637 
910,836 
4,281,835 
2,341,956 
1,944.292 
1,241,708 
1.486,395 


American  Railway  Statistics — Continued. 


343 


Road. 


Southern  District — Continued. 

Illinois  Central 

Louisville  &  Nashville i . . 

Louisville,  Henderson  &  St.  Louis 

Mobile  &  Ohio 

Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis 

New  Orleans  &  Northeastern. 

New  Orleans  Great  Northern 

Norfolk  &  Western 

Norfolk  Southern 

Seaboard  Air  Line 

Southern 

Southern  Ry.  In  Mississippi. 

Tennessee  Central 

Virpinian 

Western  Ry.  of  Alabama 

Yazoo  &  Mississippi  Valley 

Western  District: 

Arizona  Eastern 

Atchison,  Topeka  <fe  Santa  Fe 

Bingham  &  Garfield 

Chicago  &  Alton 

'    Chicago  &  North  Western 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 

Chicago  Great  Western 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 

Chicago,  Peoria  &  St.  Louis 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Gulf 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 

Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha 

Colorado  &  Southern 

Colorado  Midland 

Cripple  Creek  &  Colorado  Springs 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande 

iDeiilver  &  Salt  Lake 

TJulUth  &  Iron  Range 

aouluth,  Mlssabe  &  Northern 

Duluth,  South  Shore  &  Atlantic 

Duluth,  Winnipeg  &  Pacific 

El  Paso  &  Southwestern 

Fort  Worth  &  Denver  City 

Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio. . 

Great  Northern 

Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  Fe 

Houston  &  Texas  Central 

Houston  East  &  West  Texas 

International  &  Great  Northern 

Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orient 

Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orient  of  Texas . 

Kansas  City  Southern 

Jiosr:  Angeles'  &  Salt  Lake 

Louisiana  &  Arkansas. 

lioinsiana  Ry:  and  Navigation  Co. .... . 

Ldulsiana  Western 

Midland  Valley 

Mineral  Range : 

Mlrfneapolis  &  St.  Louis 

Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  &  Sault  Ste..  Marie 

Missouri  &  North  Arkansas :...... 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Lines. ..;..... 

Missouri,  Oklahoma  &  Gulf. 

Missouri  Pacific 

Morgan's  La.  &  Texas  R.  R.  &  S.  S.  Co. 

Nevada  Northern i 

New  Orleans,  Texas  &  Mexico.  ........ 

Northern  Pacific 

Northwestern  Pacific 

Oregon  Sliort  Line 

Oregon-Washington  R.  R.  &  Nav.  Co..  . 

^Panhandle  &  Santa  Fe 

■at;  Joseph  &  Grand  Island ... ... 

•St-.  Louis,  Brownsville  &  Mexico 

St.  Louis-San  Francisco 

St.  Louis,, San  Francisco  &  Texas 

St.  Louis  Southwestern 

St.  Louis  Southwestern  Ry.  Co.  of  Tex. 

San  Antonio  &  Arkansas  Pass 

Southern  Pacific 

Spokane,  Portland  &  Seattle 

Terminal  R.  R.  Ass'n  of  St.  Louis  (S.&  T.) 

Texarkana  &  Fort  Smith 

Texas  &  New  Orleans 

Texas  &  Pacific 

Toledo,  Peoria  &  W-jstern 

Trinity  &  Brazos  Valley 

Union  Pacific 

Vicksburg,  Shreveport  &  Pacific 

Western  Pacific 


Average 

Miles  op. 

1917. 


4,766 

5,072 

199 

1,160 

1,236 

203 

284 

2,085 

907 

3,461 

6,982 

278 

293 

512 

133 

1,382 


377 

8,642 

36 

1,052 

8,108 

9,373 

1,496 

10,256 

255 

475 

7,744 

1,749 

1,102 

337 

89 

2,580 

255 

270 

413 

600 

175 

1,028 

454 

1,360 

8,230 

1,937 

932 

190 

1,159 

272 

465 

755 

1,154 

302 

342 

207 

383 

120 

1,646 

4,227 

365 

3,866 

332 

7,325 

400 

165 

191 

6,521 

507 

2,306 

2,057 

689 

257 

548 

4,752 

189 

943 

810 

"      732 

7,091 

554 

36 

81 

468 

1,946 

247 

365 

3,622 

171 

960 


OPERATING    KEVENUB8. 


1917. 


87,144,786 
76,907,387 

2,226,650 
13,604,506 
16,194,755 

4,969,265 

1,916,461 
65,910,242 

5,299,914 
30,345,146 
90,716,569 

1,309,221 

1,797,251 
10,242,473 

1,725,860 
18,152,123 


4,269,651 

140,978,936 

3,351,395 

20,525,689 
108,264,984 
122,342,706 

16,368,323 

113,739,202 

2,192,288 

3,899,173 

85,709,549 

21,476,509 

10,952,980 
1,622,443 
1,113,170 

28,423,138 
2,065,217 
7,371,399 

15,306,600 
4,316,295 
2,026,109 

13,634,863 
6,546,863 

19,737,996 

88,534,163 

17,285,640 
8,223,426 
1,862,980 

12,588,224 
1,217,345 
1,308,779 

12,410,965 

12,766,723 
1,669,722 
2,497,535 
3,653,551 
2,927,128 
1,184,850 

11,005.062 

34,540,492 
1,417,969 

43,344,150 
1.931,158 

78,320,313 
6,910,459 
2,512,402 
1,517,604 

88,225,726 
4,871,595 

31.016,343 

22,097,098 
6,890,859 
2,346,814 
3,918,191 

67,352,310 
1,113,130 

11,468,728 
6,840,929 
4,178,192 
141,653,381 
6,778,799 
3,712,628 
1.136,522 
6.410,077 

22,714,007 
1,289,433 
1,095,339 

76,988,423 
2,206,658 
9,898,483 


1916. 


73,740,266 

64,928,120 

1,751,114 

12,229,643 

13,519,588 

4,011,443 

1,746,701 

59,449,981 

4,939,172 

26,184,488 

76,066,625 

1,170,428 

1,707,521 

8,455,964 

1,365,275 

15,135,124 


3,855,973 

121,578,880 

2,720,701 

17,781,279 

97,978,844 
109,191,205 

16,131,692 

110,609,689 

1,810,461 

3,402  921 

77,482,911 

20,855,286 
9,188,164 
1,666,813 
1,354,675 

25,464,486 
1,913,079 
7,170,865 

14,389,278 
3,750,688 
1,882,889 

12,614,003 
6.052,376 

15,248,909 

83,152,017 

16,423,226 
7,284,632 
1,613,178 

10,766,944 
1,236,642 
1,354,681 

10,339,958 

11,656,885 
1,512,480 
2,142,164 
2,685,230 
2,121,167 
1,107,781 

10,995,223 

34,472,085 
1,310,935 

36,733,683 
1,602,156 

69,972,812 
5,172,576 
2,119,115 
1,526,462 

80,281,343 
4,515,562 

26,865,974 

18,880,259 
5,947,568 
2,133,424 
3,933,971 

50,870,998 
1.179.160 
9,079,975 
4,770,156 
4,141,619 
121,481,981 
5,215,851 
3,577:079 
949,367 
4,883,870 

20,858,658 
1,217,695 
1,058,408 

68,666,374 
1,805.138 
8.270,262 


Operating  Expenses. 


1917. 


62,339,834 

62,998,759 

1,452,321 

10,352,977 

11,550,032 

3,339,505 

1,235,241 

41,161,503 

3,680,368 

21,717,178 

60,1I3,.598 

976,816 

1,379,302 

6,698,862 

1,241,846 

12,470,133 


2.135.142 

88,604,060 

1,339,771 

16,133,977 

78,758,989 

80,827,474 

12,492,412 

86,195,964 

1,852,267 

2,557,014 

63,489,090 

15,841,313 

6,789,723 

1,664,557 

619,472 

19,728,429 

2,041,509 

4.418,084 

7,140,656 

3,452,572 

1,529,373 

7,299,959 

4,032,634 

11,514,978 

59,243.785 

12,185,473 

4,925,626 

1,102.913 

8,649,994 

1,202,293 

1,287.690 

7,634,681 

7,731,226 

1,123,396 

1,738,052 

1,689,424 

2,040,800 

1,122,502 

7,869,191 

22,964,794 

1,122,310 

33,146,110 

1,572,015 

53,248,038 

3,902.010 

1,067,865 

985,047 

53,297,861 

3,113.696 

16,478,294 

14,878,199 

4,166,650 

2,345,541 

2,399,261 

37,449,019 

1,028,101 

6,193,968 

4,702,892 

3,517,595 

90,961,279 

3,305,940 

2,122.111 

670,855 

3,900,757 

16,389,756 

1,184,774 

1,281,177 

45,938,666 

1,397,315 

6,190,055 


1916. 


52,843,149 

42.042.111 

1.177,787 

8,954,664 

9,749,810 

2,587,797 

970,465 

33,508,732 

3,272,200 

17,531,907 

49,448,453 

890.539 

1,270,342 

4,291,658 

968,811 

9,485,047 


2,091.860 

72,896,805 

948,881 

12,498,253 

66,120.827 

66,235,705 

11,249,666 

73,765,051 

1,494,773 

2,291,349 

52,796,821 

13,608,879 

5,752,630 

1,632,328 

666,133 

14,876,355 

1,436,069 

3,598,540 

6,692,464 

2,670,051 

1,208,766 

6,489,849 

3,586,160 

10,105,259 

48,515,291 

11,839,683 

4,556,979 

1,011,172 

7,786,049 

1,120,347 

1,253,672 

6,264,015 

6,813,009 

1,036,243 

1,468.181 

1,518,768 

1,495,177 

900,250 

7,288,349 

19,241,592 

1,027,497 

29,439,701 

1,438,181 

61,342,297 

3,510,553 

855,178 

1,309,612 

43,232,278 

2,858,629 

13,302,537 

13,039,848 

3,424,616 

1.415.292 

2,275,437 

33,657,715 

1,043,756 

5,179,992 

4,138,314 

3,420,253 

76,249,255 

2,745,803 

1,679.837 

518,685 

3,521,690 

14,373.029 

1,019,700 

1,322,555 

37,362,008 

1,209,460 

4.950,622 


3t4 


Report  of  the  Railroad  Eight  Hour  Commission. 


REPORT   OF    THE    RAILROAD    EIGHT    HOUR    COMMISSION. 

This  was  the  commission  on  a  standard  work  day  of  railroad  employes,  created  by  Act  of  Cougiess 
approved  September  3  and  5,  1916.  IVIaJor  Gen.  George  W.  Goethals  was  chairman.  His  associates  were 
Edgar  E.  Clark  and  George  Rublee.  The  secretary  was  Dr.  M.  O.  Lorenz.  The  commission  was  appointed 
by  President  Wilson,  October  11,  1916;  It  rendered  its  report  to  the  President  and  Congress  under  date  oJ 
December  29,  1917.  The  purpose  was  to  find  out  what  it  would  cost  American  railways  to  apply  the  eight- 
hour  day  (put  in  effect  by  Congress  on  January  1,  1917),  to  the  increased  wage  schedules  agreed  upon,  March 
19.  1917,  by  a  conference  committee  representing,  on  one  hand,  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  and,  on 
the  other,  the  four  Brotherhoods  of  trainmen.     Parts  of  the  Eight  Hour  Commission's  report  are  as  follows: 

"We  find  that  the  roads  in  actual  practice  have  applied  the  eight-hour  day  as  a  basis  for  reckoning  the 
compensation  of  the  following  classes  of  employes:  Engineers,  firemen,  conductors,  assistant  conductors, 
baggagemen,  brakeraen,  and  flagmen  in  road  and  .vard  service,  and  generally,  also  hostlers.  The  average 
number  of  tlie  employes  in  these  classes,  including  a  small  number  classified  as  'Other  road  train  employes," 
in  the  calendar  year  1916,  was  308,373,  which  was  17.37  per  cent,  of  the  total  number  of  railway  employes. 
This  refers  to  the  large  roads,  having  annual  operating  revenues  of  more  than  S1,000,000.  The  correspond- 
ing percentages  in  the  three  geographical  districts  are:  Eastern,  17.69  per  cent.;  Southern,  17.45  per  cent.: 
and  Western,  16.86  per  cent.  The  aggregate  number  of  employes  iu  the  Eastern  district  is  slightly  in  excess 
of  those  in  the  South  and  West  combined.  The  aggregate  compensation  paid  during  the  year  1916  to  the 
employes  above  mentioned  was  8410,743,044,  which  was  28.11  per  cent,  of  the  compensation  paid  to  ail 
railroad  employes.  The  corresponding  percentages  in  the  three  geographical  districts  are:  Eastern,  29.19 
per  cent.;  Southern,  27.71  per  cent.;  and  Western,  26.93  per  cent. 

"The  table  below  covers  104,355  miles  of  road,  of  which  20,093  were  in  the  Eastern  district,  24,502  in 
the  Southern,  and  59,760  in  the  Western. 

COMPENSATION  UNDER  EIGHT-HOUR  LAW  AND  UNDER  1916  SCHEDULES,  BY  DISTRICTS, 

JANUARY,   1917. 


Dkt.and  Service. 

Compensa- 
tion 1916. 

Increase 
8-hour. 

Per 
Cent. 

DisT.  AND  Service. 

Compensa- 
tion 1916. 

Increase 
8-hour. 

Per 
Cent. 

Passenger; 

$1,131,579 

554,186 

1,260,141 

$48,048 
10,027 
22,349 

4.246 
1.809 
1.774 

Western 

52,974,305 

3394,168 

13.252 

Total 

Southern 

57,604,313 

32,139,249 

651,590 

1,218,136 

81,142,773 

3531,940 
153,28Z 
300.576 

15  028 

Western 

Yard: 

24.866 
23  525 

Total 

$2,945,906 

$2,955,414 
1,674,594 

$80,424 

§567,046 
181,559 

2.730 

19.187 
10.841 

Southern 

Western 

24  675 

Freiglit: 
Eastern 

'^  Total 

34,008,975 

$985,803 

24  590 

Southern 

"If  the  percentages  shown  in  the  preceding  table  are  applied  to  the  total  compensation  paid  to  these 
same  classes  of  employes  for  the  calendar  year  1916,  the  follbivine  estimate  of  total  increase  in  wage  cost 
results:  Passenger -service,  $2,532,097;  freight  service,  $31,668,998;  yard  service,  $27,333,437;  total  for  the 
United  States,  $61,534,532.  This  does  not  include  increases  paid  to  hostlers,  which  would  amount  to  about 
$1,875,000  additional,  if  all  roads  paid  hostlers  on  the  eight-hour  basis,  the  Increase  for  this  occupation 
being  generally  nearly  25  per  cent  for  January,  1917." 

The  commission  thought  the  roads  would  find  ways  to  adjust  schedules  so  as  to  reduce  overtime  and  thus 
lessen  cost  of  operation,  adding:  The  estimated  increase  in  wage  cost  may  be  compared  with  the  total 
railway  operating  revenues  and  the  freight  revenue  for  the  calendar  year  1916: 


DisT. 

Wage  Inc. 

Due  to 
8-hr.  Law. 

Total 
Operating 
Revenue. 

Freight 
Revenue. 

DiST. 

Wage  Inc. 

Due  to 

8-hr.  Law. 

Total 
Operating 
Revenue. 

.    Freight 
Rev'eniie; 

Eastern. 
South' n. 

$35,531,110 
6,754.446 

$1,603,972,521 
522,065,232 

$1,142,813,083 
382,672,045 

West'n, . 
Total. 

319,248,976 

$1,439,925,920 

$l',02i;38'S,343 

$61,534,532 

$3,565,963,673 

$2,546,870,4/1 

NUMBER   IN   FREIGHT    SERVICE    RECEIVING   SPECIFIED    WAGES   FOR   JANUARY,  ,1917. 
Covers  26  Eastern,  17  Southern  and  21  Western  roads,  in  whole  or  in  part.  :  '  .  ' 


•Wages. 


Under  $10 

$10  to  819 

$20  to  329 

830  to  839 

840  to  $49 

550  to  859 

360  to  369 

370  to  $79 

380  to  889 

$90  to  899 

$100  to  $109... 
$110  to  $119... 
S120  to  $129.. . 
$130  to  $139... 
$140  to  8149... 
$150  to  8159... 
$160  to  $169... 


Ol-8 

a 
W6? 

pas? 

H 

w 

^ 

«■ 

w 

^ 

0.96 

1.67 

3.. 52 

3.74 

5.65 

6.30 

1.44 

1.K8 

4.21 

2.92 

4.14 

5.52 

.79 

1.67 

2.92 

2.70 

3.51 

3.77 

1.14 

l.,'>2 

2.15 

2.87 

4.10 

3.53 

1.09 

1.74 

1.67 

2.42 

5.58 

3.44 

.96 

.94 

1.20 

3.58 

7.62 

4.46 

1.36 

.73 

1.37 

4.67 

7.17 

5.51 

1.49 

1..59 

1.76 

6.49 

9.68 

7.09 

1.75 

2.K4 

1.72 

9.62 

10.54 

9.55 

1.31 

1.67 

1.89 

13.84 

13.27 

12.26 

2.19 

2.97 

2 .  36 

15.71 

13.44 

12.99 

2.84 

3 .  55 

2.75 

13.86 

8.86 

10.30 

3.76 

3 .  33 

3.13 

9.80 

4.76 

6.41 

4.77 

5.00 

3.7H 

5.08 

1.34 

4.42 

6.39 

fi.45 

4.. 5,') 

2.04 

.28 

2.27 

6.74 

6., 52 

,'->;2K 

.55 

.03 

1.12 

8.88 

6.59 

6.09 

.05 

.48 

Wages. 


3170  toS179... 
$180  toS189... 
$190  to  5199... 
$200  to  3209 . . . 
3210  to  $219... 
5220  to  5229 . . . 
$230  to  $239 . . . 
$240  to  $249 .  , . 
$250  to  8259... 
5260  to  $269 . . . 
$270  to  3279... 
5280  to  $289... 
$290  to  $299 . . , 
$300  and  over. 


Total. 


His- 


9.01 
10.76 
10.02 

8.66 


2.36 
1.84 
.53 
.35 
.04 
.13 


100 


m 


7.75 

7.46 

8.04 

6.38 

4.93 

4.86 

3.33 

2.32 

1.45 

1.01 

.65 

.65 

.36 

.15 


100 


a  „ 


7.00 
5.65 
7.21 
6.78 
6.44 


81 
.94 
.40 
.46 
.29 
.60 

51 
.30 
.26 


.02 
.02 
.02 


100      100 


6? 


.03 


.23 

.19 

.12 

,  .03 

/!  02 

i-f.S- •. 


100      100 


'"The  typical  earnings  of  an  Eastern  freight  engineer,"  says  the  commission,  "was  around  $180  a  month, 
and  that  of  the  Eastern  freight  brakemen  $100  a  month,  but  there  were  many  who  received  more  and  many 
who  received  less.  It  is  not  enodgh  to  show  how  many  persons  received  the  specified  earnings.  It  Is  de- 
sirable'to  know  also  the  amount  of  service  rendered  in  each  of  these  classes.  It  may  be  noted  here  that  the 
very  low  earnings  indicate  that  work  was  pertormed  for  only  a  fraction  of  the  month  and  the  hlgheamlngs 
imply  large  mileage  or  tong  hours.'^ 


Report  of  the  Railroad  Eight  Hour  Gotnmission—Coniinued.    345 


ACTUAL  TIME  ON  DUTY  PER  RUN  OB  PER  DAY,  AS  INDICATED,  FOR  ENGINEER.^.  JAN 

UARY,  MARCH  AND  MAY,   1917. 


Class  ok 

BERVICB. 

Month 

Penn. 
R.  R. 

C.C.C. 
&St.L. 

C.RR. 

of  N.J. 

R.  R. 

L.&N. 
R.R. 

"■  ^    E.Lna. 

C,  R.I 

&   P. 

R.R. 

M.,  K. 
&  T. 

Lines. 

C.&N 

W. 
R.  R. 

f  Jan 

6.0 

6.5 

10.4 

7.4 

5.7 

5.5 

7,1 

6.2 

6,4 

7.4 

Through 

Mar 

6.9 

6.0 

10.2 

8.1 

5.8 

5.4 

7.5 

■   5.9 

7.2 

0.8 

May 

5.8 

5.9 

10.2 

8.3 

5.9 

6.1 

8.7 

5.7 

7,1 

6.6 

Jan. — 

Actual  . 

8.6 

lU 

11.9 

8.9 

5.2 

alO.8 

7.7 

0.9 

7.2 

7.3 

Elapsed 

10.9 

11.9 

11.1 

7.1 

O10.8 

10.0 

8:4 

10.3 

7.6 

Bhort,  turn  around 

Mar.— 

and  Suburban. . . 

Actual . 

8.8 

8.2 

11.9 

9.6 

7.9 

alO.7 

8.0 

n  3 

5.9 

7.7 

Elapsed 

10.9 

13.1 

11.9 

11.0 

10.0 

al2.4 

11.3 

15.7 

8.9 

10.4 

May — 

Actual . 

8.6 

7.6 

11.7 

9.3 

7.8 

O10.3 

5.9 

6.8 

6.9 

6.8 

Elapsed 

10.8 

11.1 

11.7 

11.2 

9.9 

alO.3 

6.4 

9 .  ;>• 

10.0 

8.7 

Fielght  service — 

Jan 

10.6 

9.1 

10.0 

11.6 

10.2 

8.3 

8.5 

9.0 

(« 

9. J 

Fast- 

Mar.  . . . 
May 

10.8 
10.3 

10.4 
10.3 

10.3 
10.1 

11.1 
11.8 

10.6 
10.0 

7.8 
8.2 

8.4 
8.2 

9.1 

9.4 

(6 
(6) 

8.1 

8.6 

Jan 

12,5 

13.0 

13.0 

13.0 

9.5 

10.0 

10.3 

10.5 

10.2 

10.2 

Blow 

i  Mar.  . . . 

12.1 

12.4 

13.0 

12.5 

9.9 

9.5 

10.2 

10.4 

9.7 

10.0 

May. . . . 

11.7 

12.5 

13.0 

13.0 

9.4 

9.2 

10.0 

9.9 

10. 1 

10.1 

Jan 

11.7 

12.6 

12.6 

12.1 

U.2 

11.4^ 

12.0 

11.6 

12.2 

11.7 

Ixvcal 

Mar 

May. . . . 

12.0 
11.2 

11.6 
11.9 

12.6 
12.0 

12.3 
11.9 

11.6 
11.1 

11.1 
10. 1 

f  12.2 
^  11.9 

11.9 
11.2 

11.9 
11.2 

11.1 

11.6 

Hotirs  pel-  day: 

f  Jan 

11.7 

11.5 

12.1 

11.4 

10.7 

10.9 

10.9 

11.0 

10.7 

11.6 

Yard  service 

\  Mar 

11.6 

10.9 

12.0 

10.5 

10.8 

10.7 

10.7 

11.8 

10.5 

11.2 

(  May 

9.1 

10.0 

9,0 

8.6 

10.6 

8.0 

9.4 

8.4 

8.8 

11.0 

a  Hepresents  hours  per  day,  runs  being  incompletely  reported. 
0  No  service  reported. 
ANALYSIS  OF  SPEED  AND  DELAYS  OF  TRAINS  IN  SLOW  FREIGHT  SERVKJE,  TWO  WEEKS 

ENDED  MARCH  17,  1917. 


Ho.io. 


•Atch.,  Top.  &  Santa  Fe . . 
EI  Paso  A  Southwestern .  . 

Atlantic  Coast  Line 

tAtoh.,  Top.  &  Santa  Fe .  . 

Illinois  Central 

JAtch.,  Top.  &  Santa  Fe. . 

Union  Pacific 

Chi.,  ^.',T.,&  Pacific 

Southern, ... .  .^.;. 

NorfQlk  A  Western 

Great  Northern. 

CW/,  MU.&  Sfr,  Pa\U 

Toledo  &  Ohio  Central 

Clev.,  Cln.,  Chi.  &  St.  L. . 

New  York'Centra! 

Pennsylvania  Co 

Erie. ^.. : 

N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  HavtCord. . . 

Boston  &  Maine 

Baltimore  &  Ohio 

Pennsylvania  R.  R 

Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie .... 
Chi.,  Ind.  &  Louisville. .  .  . 
Philadelphia  &  Reading . . 
Chesapeake  &  Olslo 


Number     of 

slow  freight 

trains  on 

divisions 

reported. 


1.330 

323 

1,237 

1,018 

2.704 

698 

1,906 

2,616 

2.600 

2,160 

2,134 

149 

434 

1,290 

2,250 

4,786 

1,253 

133 

1,579 

3,104 

2,222 

289 

257 

2,085 

223 


Per  Cent. 

having   a 
sp'd,  includ- 
ing    delays, 
faster     than 

12}^^  mUes 

per  hoiu:. 


47.4 

43.0 

36.2 

28.3 

26.1 

25.2 

25.0 

21.6 

20.3 

16.2 

10.4 

11.4 

9.9 

9.5 

7.7 

7.3 

4.5 

4.5 

4.1 

2.4 

2.4 

2.1 

1.2 

0.5 


Per  Cent. 

having  30 

or    more 

loaded   cars. 

42.5 

10.5 

35.1 

49.3 

47.8 

30.1 

45.3 

27.1 

40.3 

60.6 

67.4 

86.2 

44.9 

60.8 

67.8 

44.9 

60.3 

21.1 

26.6 

54.3 

54.3 

60.6 

55.6 

46.0 

60.1 

Per  Cent. 

having  less 

than 

4  hours' 

delay.' 


67.5 
33.7 
48.4 
49.2 
43.6 
51.1 
55.1 
30.8 
38.3 
24.4 
87.3 
24.2 
15.0 
14.7 
17.5 
23.4 
28.0 
25 ,  f> 
11. 1 
21.1 
41.8 
13.3 
24,4 
28.2 


Per  Cent. 

having 

speed    more 

than  16 

miles  per 

hr.    actually 

nmning. 


97.2 
87.9 
93.7 
75.1 
80.6 
87.7 
69.4 
75.3 
79.4 
73  3 
75.2 
48.9 
46.5 
77.9 
59;fi 
56.1 
30.3 
38.0 
r>9.i> 
57.0 
46.2 
37.4 
60.1 
26.0 
20.6 


Transpor- 
tation    ser- 
vice train 
miles  per 
mile  of 
oialn    track. 


3,200 
3,198 
4,122 
5,211 
4,122 
4,747 
4,162 
3,997 
6,316 
2,867 


5,017 
5,763 
6,606 
7,967 
('>,850 
7,237 
6, 70S 
6,186 
8,908 
7,200 
.5,100 
9,332 
5,11$ 


♦Coast  lines.     tWesteru  linc.3.     {Eastern  lines.     .  ,       .„  .  .=   _^*v 

'    For  a  smaller  number  of  trains  a  study  was  made  of  those  having  fewer  than  t'O  cars  as  compared  with 

those  having  50  cars  or  more  per  train.     It  was  necessary  to  take  the  number  of  cars  ns  a  basis  for  clMeifl- 

catlon  rathir  than  the  gro.ss  weight,  as  not  all  roads  could  give  data  as  to  gross  ton-miles.     The  s-^nera) 

result  follows: 

SPEED  AND  DELAYS  OF  LONG  AND  SHORT    TRAINS    IN    SLOW    FREIGHT    SERVICE   FOR 
orc^^xj  AINU  i^r.i.«.xo  ^      ^^^  WEEKS  ENDED  MARCH   17.   1917, 


ITE.V. 


No.  of  trains  Included  iu  this  table 

Average  No.  ol  cars  per  train: 

Loaded 

Empty 


Total. 


Less 

Than 

50  Cars. 


-- 


11,050 


24,29 
8.30 

32  .W 


50  or 
More 
Car.i. 


4,4f.7 


35.54 
28.03 

63   .07 


fTE.M. 


Ave.  No.  of  nii'.cs  run  per  train .  , 
Ave.  delay  per  train,  h.  and  m. . 
Ave.  actual  r'ng  time,  ni.  per  hr.. 
Ave,  sp'd,  inclug  delays,  m.  perhr 


Less 

Than 

50  Cars. 


106.75 

6     32 

16.91 

8.71 


M  at 
More 
Cars. 


103.78 
6  41 
13.99 

7.P2 


346 


Trolley  Lines  in  the  United  States. 


DELAYS  AND  RUNNING  TIME  OF  TRAINS  IN  SLOW-FREIGHT  SERVICE  BY  ROADS. 


Name  of  Road. 

Number. 

Delays. 

Act.  Time 

NA.ME  OF  Road. 

Nimiber. 

Delays, 

Act.  time. 

Sht. 

Lg. 

Sht. 

Lg. 

Sht. 

Lg. 

Sht. 

Lg. 

Sht. 

1^6- 

Sht. 

I* 

-Santa  Fe  (11  dlv.).. 
Rock  Isl.  (12  dlv.).. 
Gt.  North.  (12  dlv.). 
Union  Pac.  (2  dlv.) . 
.Ul.  Coast  (3^1v.) 

So.  Ry.  (3div) 

B.  &  M.  (2  dlv.).... 
X.  Y.  C.  (3  dlv.)... 
Big  Four  (3  dlv.)... 

1,112 

1,436 
1,442 
663 
1.092 
445 
371 
237 
702 

600 
248 
658 
191 
227 
33 
13 
561 
167 

h.m. 

5  06 
4  08 

6  11 

4  46 

5  04 
5  50 

5  38 

6  32 
6  31 

h.m. 

4  38 

5  05 
5  03 

4  40 

5  51 
4  41 

4  29 

6  28 

5  48 

M. 

f7.66 
16.37 
16.93 
18.75 
19.42 
17.41 
15.64 
16.20 
16.60 

M. 

17.88 
15.79 
15.28 
18.40 
20.88 
17.89 
12.49 
12.64 
14.09 

Phila.  &  R.  (4  div.) 
Penn.  Co.  (2  div.). . 

B.  &  O.  (4  dlv.) 

Bes.  &  Lake  Erie... 

Erie  (4  dlv.) 

K.  &  M.  (2  dlv.).... 
T.  &  O.  C.  (2dJv.). 

Total 

1.577 
551 
437 
260 
344 
117 
364 

799 
148 
229 
98 
244 
122 
129 

h.m. 

5  52 

6  32 

7  U 

4  21 
6  32 
2  35 

5  09 

h.m. 

6  52 

7  17 
10  14 

6  13 

5  37 
1  26 

6  32 

Af. 

fl.96 
12.26 
15.62 
14.19 
13.24 
13.29 
15.06 

Af. 
P.  A. 

9.93 
i2A9 
UM 
13.67 
12 .2  J 
13.59 
10.88 

11.050 

4.467 

5  32 

5  41 

15.91 

13.98 

C.\SUALTIEg^TO  EMPLOYEES  IN  TRAIN  SERVICE:  YEAR  ENDING  DEC.  31.   1916. 


CL.isa  op  Employees. 

Av.  No. 
Empld. 

No. 
KUled. 

No. 
Injured. 

Class  of  employees. 

Av.  No. 
Empld. 

No. 
KiUed. 

No. 
Injured. 

Yd.  eng'rs.  and  m'tom. 
Yd.  firemen  and  h'prs.. 

Yard  conductors 

Yard  brakemen 

Hostlers 

15,758 
16,109 
15,282 
39,983 
7,168 
31, .540 
33,499 

11 

22 

71 

341 

6 

70 

107 

1,076 
1,644 
1.993 
12.209 
225 
2,360 
5,145 

Rd.  freight  conductors. 
Rd.  frt.  bkm.  &  flagm.  . 
Rd.  pass,  engrs.  &  mtm. 
Rd.  pas.",  firem.  &  hlprs. 
Rd.  pass,  conductore. . 
Rd.  pass,  baggagemen. 
Rd.  pass,  bkm  &  flagm . 

25,303 
63,005 
13,388 
13,093 
10,585 
5,606 
14,736 

72 

432 

45 

52 

6 

2 

8 

3,051 

13.116 

714 

1,246 

298 

Rd.  frt.  eng'rs  &  mtm. 
Rd.  frt.  firemen  &  hlprs. 

301 
718 

Killed"  includes  employes  killed  in  an  accident  at  the  time  of  its  occurrence  and  the  Injured  who  die 
".vithin  24  hours  after  the  accident.     "Injured"  includes  employes  incapacitated  for  work  for  more  than 
•{  day.s  in  the  aggregate  diu-ing  the  10  days  immediately  following  the  accident. 
>fUMBER  OF  EMPLOYEES,  TOTAL  HOURS  0>i  DUTY,  AGGREGATE  COMPENSATION.  1916. 


United  States. 

Occupation. 

United  States. 

Ocrup.\TiON. 

Av. 
Service 

Hours 
Per.  yr. 

Per. 
hr. 

Total. 

Av. 

Service 

Hours 
Per  yr. 

Per. 
hr. 

Total. 

Tr.  dis.  anddir..  . 

Tel.,  tele.,  and 
bit. operators  . 

Tel.,  tele,  and  op- 
erating interl'rs 

Lev"rra.(nontele.) 

Tele.— clerks 

•Agt.  teleg'rs 

Yd.  en?  &  mtrm. . 

Yd.  firem.  &  hlpes 

Yd.  conductors.  . 

Yd.  br.ikemen . .  . 

Hostlers 

Rd.  frt  engineers 
and  motormen . . 

Rd.  £rt.  firemen 
and  helpers 

4,786 

19.487 

7.723 
3.387 
10.620 
19.359 
15.758 
16,109 
15.282 
39.983 
7,168 

31,540 

33.499 
25.303 

14.800.672 

59.271.382 

22.256,976 
11,845,720 
34,641,154 
71,313,815 
58,523,157 
58,445,620 
56,462,467 
135,726,527 
29,150,695 

<a§.747,427 

96,366,145 

81,894,520 

CIS. 

55.6 

28.2 

30.2 
22.0 
25.4 
23.3 
43.5 
27.2 
38.5 
35.2 
25.9 

60.9 

39.1 
50.0 

$8,223,754 

16,703,415 

"     6,721,089 

2,606,064 

8,814,211 

16,609,193 

25,436,485 

15,921,629 

21,734,827 

47,813,767 

7,554.917 

58,306,345 

37,635,773 
40,909,566 

Rd.  frt.  brakemen 

and  flagmen .... 
Rd.    pass,   eng'rs 

and  motormen . . 
Rd.  psss.  firemen 

and  helpers 

Rd.  pass,  cond'ra 
Rd.  passbag'm.  . 
Rd.  pass,  brakem. 
and  flagmen . . . 
Other    rd.    train 

employees 

63.005 

13,388 

13,093 

10,585 

5,606 

14.736 

3.318 

197 .633.116 

31,592,130 

30,304,047 
28,004,385 
15,306,933 

37,913,174 

9,155.229 

CIS. 

33.5 

90.0 

56.0 
71.0 
40.2 

40.1 

28.6 

1   ■     ■  -I::-  : 
!      ,  ;'  •  - 

66;Z15,6W 

28.421.679 

16.956.194 

19,872,931 

6,152,687 

15,191.605 

2.619.629 

Total,  all  empl's.. 

1.775.829 

1.461.148.077 

Total   railway  operatine 

revenue. ...  .■. . 

$3,565,963,673 
2,546.870,471 

Ril.  freight  cond . 

Freight      revenue 

Note — Above  does  not  Include:  Duluth.  South  Shore  &  Atlantic,  western  district,  not  reported;  Virginia 
&  Southwestern,  southern  district,  not  reported:  Trinity  &  Brazos  Valley,  western  district,  data  not  com- 
plete Excess  compensation  paid  to  employes  receiving  less  than  §1,800  per  annum:  Oregon  Short  Line: 
<")re«on-Washington  R.  R.  &  Navigation  Co.:  Union  Pacific. 


TROLLEY    LINES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(From  the  Electric  Railway  Journal;  covers  data  for  1917.) 


St.\te. 

No. 

Cos 

Miles 
Trk. 

M'tr. 
Cars. 

State. 

No. 
Cos 

Miles 
Trk. 

M'tr. 
Cars. 

State. 

No. 
Cos 

Miles 
Trk. 

M'tr. 
Cars. 

Conn 

8 
15 
43 
14 

3 
10 

1.624 
534 

3.243 
252 
439 
128 

2.269 
540 

7,893 
286 

1.066 
141 

Ill 

72 
43 
25 
10 
26 
14 
2' 
80 
18 

3,774 
2.378 

881 

462 
1,666 

722 
1,135 
4,280 

768 

5,962 

1.920 

962 

995 

2.273 

1.329 

2.621 

5.466 

975 

Ariz 

4 

42 

13 

6 

18 

9 

6 

2 

2 

6 

16 

10 

3 

38 

5 

19 

2 

54 

3,393 

492 

180 

563 

658 

254 

11 

9 

38 

310 

679 

26 

1.003 

470 

1.092 

22 

44 

Maine 

Ind 

Cal 

3.689 
463 

Mass 

la 

Col 

^i'.  H 

Ky 

68 

R.  1 

Mich 

Kan 

41S 

\  t 

Minn 

Mont 

128 

Mo 

Neb 

63S 

u 

Total 

93 

2 

7 

12 

29 

103 

124 

15 

24 

6.220 

153 

412 

674 

1.5i5 

5.637 

4.579 

590 

639 

12.185 

309 
1.074 
2.143 
3.286 
16,851 
8.732 
900 
611 

Ohio 

Nev 

Wis 

N.  M 

It 

Del 

D.  Of  C 

Total 

Ala 

N.  Dak 

Okla 

7J 
267 

310 

15 
10 

9 
17 
10 
11 
12 

5 
15 

16,066 

367 
128 
183 
501 
327 
123 
292 
120 
476 

22.603 

444 

231 
265 
699 
681 
159 
303 
173 
820 

Md 

Ore 

749 

N.J 

S.  Dak 

34 

K.  Y 

Ark 

Tex 

1,209 

Peon 

Fla 

Utah 

279 

Va 

Ga 

Wash 

1,049 

W.  Ka 

La 

Wyo 

11 

Total 

T'tl.  all  States 

Total 

321 

14.229 

33.906 

N.  C 

201 
1.029 

9.144 

48.175 

9.024 

S.  C 

81,393 

Tenn 

Total 

104 

2,516 

3,775 

Some  Results  of  Federal  Railway  Control.  347 

;   UhSSTED    STATES    COVERNriAENT  ADVANCES  $242,000,000  TO   RAILWAYS. 

DIRECTOR  Gekbrai,  McAdoo,  Of  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration,  authorized  the  following 
statement  on  September  2,  1918:  "The  total  amount  of  money  which  the  United  States  Railroad  Adminis- 
tration has  advanced  since  April  1,  1918,  to  all  railroad  companies  (exclusive  of  the  current  earnings  of  the 
roads,  applied  directly  by  tie  Individual  roads  to  their  current  expenses  and  corporate  needs},  was  .?241,- 
861,420,  to  64  different  roads  or  systems,  of  which  the  amount  advanced  dui'ing  the  month  of  August  was 
$38,137,370.  Of  the  total  amount  advanced  from  April  1  to  September  1,  $202,297,660  was  taken  from 
the  S5UO,000,000  revolving  fund,  and  339,553,760  was  taken  from  the  surplus  earnings  turned  over  to  the 
BiJector  Genei'al  by  the  limited  number  of  roads  whose  receipts  for  the  period  exceeded  their  needs.  The 
total  amount  of  money  turned  over  to  the  Director  General  April  1  to  September  I  by  roads  rep.y!-tlng 
hiji-plus  earnings  was  362,845,699,  but  of  the  amount  thus  turned  over  $29,200,699  was  returned  to  )oads 
temporarily  making  the  deposits,  these  same  roads  having  subsequently  called  upon  the  Director  Gt>7ierali 
to  advance  to  them  considerable  sums  in  addition  to  the  return  of  the  deposits  which  they  had  tempoiarily 
made  with  the  Ralh-oad  Administration. 

"The  only  raihroads  or  systems  which  have  deposited  ftinds  with  the  Director  General  and  have  not 
asked  for  the  return  of  any  portion  of  the  funds  thus  deposited  were  the  following:  Atlantic  Coast  Line 
and  Louisville  &  Nashville,  S3,450,000;  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe,  $3,300,000;  Northern  Paciflc,  •?2.500,- 
000;  DiUuth,  Missabe  &  Northern,  $2,400,000;  Union  Paciflc  System,  S2, 100,000;  Norfolk  &  Western, 
$1  500  000;  Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie,  31,500,000;  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  $1,500,000;  Elgin,  Joliet  &  Ea-wm, 
$1  .WO  000;  Duluth  &  Iron  Range,  $900,000;  Fort  Worth  &  Denver  City,  8700,000;  Pere  Marquette,  $500,000; 
Ei  Paso  &  Southwestern,  §500,000;  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois,  S300,000;  Spoltane,  Portland  &  Si-attle, 
?:100,000;  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac,  S300,000;  Lehigh  &  New  England,  $300,000;  IntemationaJ 
&  Great  Northern,  $150,000;  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana,  $100,000.  Among  the  other  raih-oads  depositing 
fuuda  with  the  Director  General,  which  have  not  already  got  back  sums  as  gi-eat  or  greater  than  those 
thus  deposited,  were:  Southern  Pacific  Lines,  82,000,000;  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  $400,000;  St. 
Louls-San  Francisco,  S382,000;  Colorado  &  Southern,  $1,109,000;  Hudson  &  Manhattan,  SIOO.OOO;  \icke- 
biu-g,  Shreveport  &  Pacific,  5364,000;  Alabama  &  Vicksburg,  S490,000. 

"The  total  amoiuit  advanced  by  the  Director  General  to  all  railroad  companies  from  April  1  to  September 


815,725,000;  Baltimore  &' Ohio,  513,500,000;  iUlnoLs  Central,  $12,450,000;  Erie,  $8,400,000;  Chicago,  Hock 


Chicapo,  IudiP-n?D0lis  &'  Louisville,  81,325,000;  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha,  $1,200,000:  St. 
Louis^an  Francisco  Lines,  81,118,000;  Hudson  &  Manhattan  51,000,000;  Central  of  Georgia,  f'i^-O.OOO: 
Indiana  Harbor  Belt,  8720,000;  ^^ileeliug  &  Lake  Erie,  S700,000;  Grand  Trunk  Western  Lines,  $621, 0(K); 
Chicago  &  Alton,  S600,000;  Norfolk  Southern,  8540,000;  Terminal  Railroad  Association  of  St.  Louis, 
?525,«)0;  Chicago,  Great  Western,  S507.C00;  Hocking  Valley,  8500,000;  Florida  East  Coast,  «500,000: 
Kanias  City  Southwn,  3500,000;  St.  Louis  Southwestern,  S500,o6o,  New  York,  Ont^o  &  Western,  $400,000 
Am  Arbor,  §330,000;  Central  New  England,  8300,000;  Kansas  City,  Mexico  &  Orient  $300,000;  C^ritraJ 
Vermont,  8285,000;  Detroit,  Toledo  &  Ironton,  8238,775;  Chicago,  Terre  Haute  &  Southeastern,  |229,201 
Gulf  Mobile  &  Northern,  8200,000;  Snu  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass.  8200,000;  Chicago  Junction,  $200,000; 
Atlanta,  Bli^gCm  &  Atlantic.  S1S9,000;  Western  Maryland.  S169  509;  Illlnote  Southern  $160,000; 
Belt  RaUway  of  Chicago,  S155,o6o;  Duluth  South  Shore  &  Atlantic  5150,000;  Vlcteburg,  Shrevei  ort  & 
Paciflc  S136  000;  New  Yorli,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  8132,275;  New  Orleans  Great  Northern,  S12()^000; 
Chicago  &  Western  Indiana,  §115,000;  Pittsburgh  &  Shawmut,  8110,000;  Old  Dominion  Steaniship  Com- 
pan"^$0*0TOf  Washington,  Brandywine  &  Point  Lookout,„S50  OCO;  San  AiUoni?  Uvalde  &  Gulf,  $1..  000; 
Colorado  &  S<iuthem,  841,000;  Franklin  &  Pittsylvania,  $35,000;  Alabama  &  Vicksburg  510,000  Of  the 
toidG  thus  .advanced  to  date,  over  52  per  cent,  went  to  three  systems,  tho  New  Haven,  the  New   York 

*~™^^i,|;'Director^G"nVa1:°desires  to  correct  an  Unpression  which  prevails  hi  some  quaiters  to  the  effect 
thdtHlie;  United  States  Raih-oad  Administration  is  withholding,  or  has  been  withhoWing  the  Standard 
renlAkdue;  to  the  various  raihoads  under  Government  control  pending  the  execution  of  the  contracts 
bfetl^eti^t&^ailrwida  and  the  Government,  and  that  the  omission  of  any  raih^ad  corporations  to  settle 
th^ifM6hts'6r- claims  is  due  to  any  omission  by  the  Raih-oad  Administration  to  pay  the  accrued  rentals. 
Tlfe  fartUs  thW  tlwequivalent  of  the  standard  rentals,  which  for  the  first  eight  months  of  the  current  year 
^Si^Sd  to  fpproximateiy  8650,000,000,  has  already,  very  largely  b«^«  P'^^^,,'^, 7!57pAt''in^fddit^o''n  te 
in  Hip  United  States  under  Government  control,  and  in  many  cases  the  Director  General,  in  addition  to 
mv  n-  t'lest  roadfL  amouiU  per  cent,  of  their  standard  rental  (which  payments  In  advance 

Sftho"  execution  of  contracl^  are  permissive  and  not  compulsory  under  the  raihroad  act) ,.  has  advanced 
L^graddltional  sums  of  money  to  these  raihoad  corporations ;o.o.nable  them  to  meet  maturing  bond  i^su^ 
wi.tch  they  and  their  financial  agents  were  unable,  under  exlsiiiig  conditions,  to  provide  for.  and  to  pay 
lar"?  suras  for'uew  enu'nment  and  additions  and  betterments.  „i,„,.„ 

'"■'^°®..^i™^A'i^  aSiourn  thei-e£ore,  which  tlie  Director  Gema-al  h?.s  disbursed,  over  and  above 

aU  curmu  exneutS  of  operaUon,  oit  of  earnings  of  the  railroad  propcnies  since  Janu^  1,  and  from  turrent 
hala^fes  tal^n  over  on  Ja^^^  ana"  from  the  Treasury's  Revolvlurr  Fund,  up  to  September  1. 

1918  1^'  mated  at  between  S806;00O,i)b  and  8600,000,000.  In  addition  to  the  large  sums  whic^i  have 
h^en  a^v"nc?d  dh-ectirto  raiVoad^^^^^  on  account  of  compensation  or  !■:>  loans,  tlie  Dh-ector.G(-nera| 

H^\fcice1  onSU^Tordei-s'plvced  by  him  for  to^^^^ 

•^liichlii.fd  being  put  in  service  as  rar'idl.v  as  completed,  the  farther  sum  of  8ll,/27,870. 
i;^■       irji;  — — — 

'  some    RESULTS    OF    FEDERAL    RAILWAY    CONTROL, 

(Summai-ized  from  a'report  made  September  3,  1018    to  President  Wilson  by  W.  G.  McAdoo,  Dr,cc-t«..r 

General   of   Railroads.) 

THE  railways  came  under  Federal  control  .ranuary  ],  1918,  In  pursuance  of  a  I^tsWcntol  proclantatwn 

of  December  26;  1917.     On  December  31,  1916,  the  total  steam  rai!«'ay  m'e-''ge  In  operation  m  wje  United 

States  (all  tracks)  was  397,104  mUes.     This  mileage  was  owned  or  controllec;  by  2.905  o_om panics  empioymg 

fomn%\700  814  nereons     'They  had  outstanding  ?.10,875,208,565  .of  bon^^j.i^<i  ,l^i^J^:tPl'El  °i  2^,t 


^•^^' M^^^^doTris^u^^  To  s  1^^^  *"  vf €HSfs  ??^5\t7»Wo«r3:^'s:?^/. 

year,  and  he  also  cut  down  the  total  annual  salary  list  of  these  ofllcials  to  516,706,298,  irom  5,/i,a-"r'='. 


348  South  African  Government  Railways. 

SOME  RESULTS  OF  FEDERAL  RAILWAY  CONTROJ^— Continued. 

Espeiises  of  railroad  law  departments  were  cut  81,500,000  a  year;  consolidation  of  ticket  ofUces  and  curtail- 
ment of  advertising  saved  523,566,633  a  year;  21,000,000  miles  of  passenger  train  travel  west  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  26,420,000  miles  east  of  the  Mississippi  were  cut  from  the  schedules  as  unessential.  Terminal 
.stations  were  combined,  and  delays  in  loading  and  unloading  the  country's  2,400,000  freight  cars  were 
shortened.  Standardization  of  locomotives  and  freight  cars  was  begun.  The  new  locomotives  were  shipped, 
at  first,  mostly  to  France,  for  use  by  the  Americans  there.  Over  3,600  locomotives  and  100,000  freight 
cars  were  contracted  for  at  the  shops  in  1918  by  the  Director  General.  There  were  about  64,750  regular 
engines  already  la  use,  of  many  types. 

Up  to  July  31,  the  sum  of  81,151,967,240  had  been  authorized  by  the  Government  aa  expenditures 
for  nillway  betterments  and  improvements.  Of  this,  3441,604,460  was  for  additions  and  betterments; 
,^666.324,180  way  for  equipment,  and  $43,538,600  for  construction  of  extensions,  branches,  and  other  lines. 
Financial  advances  to  the  roads,  up  to  July  31,  1918,  totaled  5203,714,050,  including  543,964,000  at  6  per 
cent  to  the  New  Haven  road,  340,000,000  to  the  New  York  Central  Lines,  and  830,500,000  to  the  Pennsylvania. 

General  incT-eascs  in  the  wages  of  railroad  employes  were  made.,  including  first,  the  train  and  yard  men; 
nest,  the  common  labor,  which  was  jumped  214  cents  an  hour;  and  then  13  cents  an  hour  extra  was  granted 
the  500,000  men  in  the  mechanical  departments.  Freight  rates  were  advanced  25  per  cent.,  and  passenger 
(ares  were  fixed  at  a  minimum  of  3  cents  a  mile.  An  increase  of  8.9  per  cent,  was  achieved  in  freight  move- 
ment, the  revenue  ton  mileage  being  34,250,247,814  miles  in  April,  1918,  as  against  31,464,837,305  in  April, 
1917.  The  average  number  of  tons  of  freight  hauled  per  train  grew  6.9  per  cent,  from  651  to  696  toris; 
the  average  carload  rose  14.4  per  cent.,  from  25.7  tons  to  29.4;  and  the  revenue  ton  miles  for  freight  loco- 
motives Increased  7.9  per  cent.,  being  1,125,875  in  April,  1918,  as  against  1,045,921  in  April,  1917.  On 
Jime  20,  1918,  a  record  was  broken  when  9,531  freight  cars  passed  a  given  point  in  24  hoiu^.  This  was  at 
Columbia,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania.  On  May  8  there  were,  at  North  Atlantic  ports,  28,000  cars  of  export 
freight  at  piers  and  on  the  ground.  From  May  1,  1917,  to  July  31,  1918,  the  railroads  moved  6,455,558 
troops,  of  which  4,304,520,  or  nearly  68  per  cent.,  were  carried  betv/een  January  1  and  July  1,  1918.  These 
figures  do  not  include  those  traveling  at  their  own  expense.  More  than  177,000,000  feet  of  aeroplane  and 
ship  lumber  were  shipped  from  the  Pacific  to  the  Atlantic  goasts  for  the  Government. 


THE    ALASKA    RAILROAD. 

ON  April  10,  1915,  President  Wilson  aijnounced  the  selection  of  the  route  for  the  Alaska  Railroad  to  be 
built  by  the  Government.  The  route  adopted  is  known  as  the  Susitna  route  and  extends  from  Seward. 
on  Resurrection  Bay,  to  Fairbanks,  on  the  Tanana  River,  a  distance  of  471  miles.  This  route  includes  the 
existing  Alaska  Northern  Rjiihvay,  which  runs  from  Seward  through  the  Kenal  Peninsula,  for  a  distance 
of  seventy-one  miles  to  Tun,agaln  Arm,  and  has  been  purchased  from  its  owners  by  the  Government  for 
81,150,000.  The  contract  for  the  purchase  of  this  road  was  signed  by  Secretary  Lane  of  theirbterlor  Depart- 
ment, and  under  this  contract,  approved  by  the  Prciidsnt,  the  road  Is  taken  over  free  from,  all-4et>t  or 
obligation  of  any  kind.  ,       r  i  -  :  ,  ' 

From  Turnagain  Arm  the  route  extends  through  the  Susitna  Valley  and  across  Broad  Pass  to  the 
Tanana  River,  and  from  there  to  Happy  Station  at  Mile  460,  where  it  connects  with  the  Tanana  Valley 
Railroad  and  from  there  on  to  Fairbanks.  A  side  line  extends  from  Matanuska  Junction  into  the  Mat- 
anuska  coal  fields,  a  distance  of  thirty-eight  miles.  A  spur  three  miles  in  length  extends  from  this  branch 
up  Eska  Creek  to  the  Eska  coal  mine,  and  a  short  spur  up  Moose  Creek  to  the  Doherty  mine. 

The  Tanana  Valley  RaiU-oad  Is  being  operated  by  the  Government  under  lease,  pending  its  purchase. 
It  i.s  a  narrow-gauge  line  extending  from  Fairbanks  to  Chatanika,  a  distance  of  thirty-nine  miles,  with  a  five 
mile  branch  from  Chena  Junction  to  Chena.  This  road  will  be  connected  with  the  main  line,  and  will  be 
used  as  a  feeder,  and  pennits  of  the  delivery  of  coal  to  mines  that  are  being  developed  northeast  of  Fairbanks. 

The  Alaska  Northern  Railroad  from  Mile  0,  at  Scwaid,  to  Mile  25  has  been  put  in  good  condition,  and 
from  this  point  on  is  in  usable  condition.  At  Mile  60  the  old  trestle  bridge  across  Placer  River,  in  the 
vicinity  of  Spencer  Giacier,  has  been  replaced  by  a  new  structure.  The  entire  line  from  Kern  Creek  to 
Seward,  a  distance  of  seventy-one  miles,  is  in  operation.  From  Kern  Creek  northward  along jTui;nagaia 
Arm  to  Mile  85,  a  distance  of  sixteen  miles,  the  grading  has  been  completed.  From  Miie,8'5  :thrqiigh  Anplior- 
age  nnd  on  to  Montana  Creek,  Mile  211,  and  the  branch  line  from  Matanuska  Junction  to  the  Matanuslca 
coal  ileld,  with  spurs  leading  to  mine,  are  all  completed  and  being  regularly  operated.  The  coal,  from  these 
mines  is  being  used  by  the  railroad.  Grading  has  been  completed  from  Mile  211  to  Mile  24'8i  ynth  the  ex- 
ception of  three  stretches  of  about  one  mile  each,  upon  which  grading  is  under  way.  Clearing  has  been 
coniileted  from  Mile  248  to  Mile  265,  near  the  Junction  of  the  Susitna  and  Indian  River,  and  frwn  thla 
poiiu  through  Broad  Pass  to  Mile  3G0  no  construction  work  has  been  done.  From  Mile  360  to  MUe  400 
itvudiag  la  partly  commeted.  and  thence  to  Nenana,  fifteen  miles,  the  track  has  been  laid.  Northeast  of 
Ner.  uia  Into  Happy  Station,  Mile  460,  clearing  is  completed,  but  no  further  construction  work  is  being 
done  at  this  timo.  At  Happy  Station  the  line  of  the  Alaska  Railroad  connects  with  the  Tanana ,  Valley 
Railroad,  and  from  this  point  into  Fairbanks,  at  Mile  470,  the  roadbed  and  track  of  the  Tanana  Valley 
Railroad  Is  being  used.  Units  of  road  in  operation:  .Seward  to  Kern  Creek,  71  miles;  Mile  85  to  Montana 
Creeii,  including  Matanuska  braJQch  line,  164  miles;  Tanana  Valley  Railroad,  44  miles;  total,  279  miles. 


WACS    SCALE    OF    NEW    YORK    CITY    RAILROAD    EMPLOYEES. 

(The  figures  after  each  year  show,  respectively,  cents  an  hour  in  1914  and  1918,  and  per  cent,  of  Increase.) 
New  York  llailways  Company — First  year,  24,  27,  12.5;  second  year,  25,  30,  20.0;  tliird  and  foiu'th 
years,  26,  31,  19.2;  fifth  year,  27,  31,  14.8;  sixth  to  tenth  year,  27,  32,  18.5;  eleventh  to  fifteenth  year,  27, 
33,  22.2;  sixteenth  year  and  after,  27,  34,  25.9.  ■..  '  •  :  . 

Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  Company:  Conductors,  surface  lines:  First  year,  24,  27,  12.5;  ^pcpno^year, 
24,  30,  25.0;  thu-d  year,  25,  30,  20.0;  fourth  year,  28,  31,  19.2;  fifth  year,  26,  32,  23.1;  sixth  yesir,  ajr,  32, 
18.5:  seventh  to  ninth  year,  27,  33,  22.5;  tenth  year,  28,  33,  17.9;  eleventh  to  fifteenth  year,  28,  34,  21.4; 
sixteenth  year  and  after,'28,  35,  25.0.  Conductors,  subway  lines:  FU'st  year,  23,  26,  13.0;  second  year, 
23.  27,  17.4;  third  year,  24,  28,  16.3;  fourth  year,  25,  29,  16.0:  fifth  year  and  after,  25,  30,  20.0.  Guards, 
subway  lines:  First  year,  20,  24,  20.0;  second  year,  21,  25,  19.0;  third  year,  22,  25)i,  11.4;  fourth  and 
fifth  years,  22H.  26,  15.6;  after  fifth  year,  23,  26,  13.0. 

SOUTH    AFRICAN    GOVERNMENT    RAILWAYS. 

THE  following  is  a  brief  resume  for  1917:  Mileage— 3-foot  6-inch  gauge,  8,958;  2-foot  gauge,  521. 
Number  of  locomotives — 3-foot  6-inch  gauge,  1,526;  2-'oot  gauge,  54.  Passenger  cars — 3-foot  6-inch 
scauge,  2,616;  2-foot  gauge,  93.  Passenger  cars  seK-propelled  (3-foot  6-inch  gauge),  2.  Freight  cars — 
Including  vans,  etc.  (3-foot  6-inch  gauge),  28,439;  including  vans,  etc.  (2-foot  gauge),  468.  Passengers 
cciriied  (Journeys),  49,699,579;  gross  tonnage  revenue-earning  traffic,  13,797,439. 

Earnings:     Pas.senger.s  and   parcels,   519,847.000:   all   other  and   total,   869,406,000.     Gross  working  \ 
exoeaditure,  340,943,000;  Eurpliis  of  earnings  o\er  gross  workine  expenditure,  319,463,000;  net  profit  after 
payment'  of  interest,  $1,621,000;  total  number  of  employes,  60,704.. 


Survival  of  the  Horse. 


S49 


RAILWAYS    OF    THE    WORLD. 


COUNTRY. 


Argentina 

Australia 

Auatrla-Hungary . 

Belgium 

Brazil 

Canada 

ChUe 

China 

Denmark 

Egypt 

France 

Germany 

India 

Italy 

Japan 

Mexico 

Nethei'lands 

New  Zealand .... 

Norway 

Peru 


Year. 


1916 
1915 
1914 
1914 
1916 
1915 
1915 
1916 
1915 
1916 
1914 
1914 
1916 
1916 
1915 
1913 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1915 


Total 
Railway 
Mileage. 


22,688 

22,263 

29,328 

6,451 

16,294 

35,582 

5,015 

6,467 

2,455 

4,381 

31,958 

39,600 

35,833 

11,635 

7,131 

16,088 

2,075 

2,989 

1,973 

1.800 


State 
Railways. 


4,136 
20,062 
24,000 
2,700 
2,930 
1,768 
3,236 

'  "1,256 
2,401 
5,600 

36,550 

29,500 
8,526 
5,686 

-12,324 
1,120 
2,960 
1.GS5 
1,10) 


ComfTRY. 


Roumania 

Russia 

Slam 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

Turkey 

Union  South  Africa . 
United  Kingdom. .  . 

United  States 

All  other 

Europe 

North  America 

South  America 

Asia 

Africa 

Oceania 


Total  railway  mileage 


Year. 


1914 
1916 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1914 
1915 
1915 
1917 


Total 
Railway 
Mileage. 


2.382 

48,955 

702 

9,377 

9.223 

3,571 

4.576 

8,986 

23,701 

265,218 

35,418 

217,000 

323,000 

52,000 

69,000 

29,000 

23,000 


713.121 


State 
Railways, 


2,350 
37,800 
597, 

■  3,645 
3,537 
1,200 
7,834 


3.103 

118,000 
15.000 
16,000 
47,000 
19,000 
22,000 


237,010 


10  miles 

15 

20 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 


MOTOR    CAR    SPEED    AND    FALLING    BODIES. 

(S.  F.  Kennedy  in  the  .scientific  American.) 

equals  a  tall  of 


an  hour  equals  a  fall  of 


of         3.30  fcpt 

.■JO 

miles  an  hour 

7.66    •• 

55 

13.44    " 

CO 

21.01    " 

70 

30.25    •• 

80 

41.47    •• 

90 

,53.78    •■ 

100 

68.05    •• 

86 
101 
121 
164 
215 
272 
336 


.53  feet 

.67  •• 

.00  •' 

.69  '• 

.10  " 

.24  •' 

.10  •• 


<f<      EXPRESS    COMPANIES   COMBINED    BY    THE    GOVERNMENT. 

tiliiECTOR  General  McAdoo,  of  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration,  announced  on  May  2, 
1918,  the  uiilfication  of  tnc  Adams,  American,  Wells  Fargo,  and  Southern  Express  Companies  for  the  period 
of  the-  war,  adding:  "Under  this  arrangement  the  new  express  company  will  be  the  Director  General's 
agent  for  carrying  on  the  express  business.  The  character  of  the  service  and  the  character  of  the  ratea 
will  be  under  the  DiKctor  General's  control  and  subject  to  initiation  by  him.  An  important  feature  ol 
the  arrangement  is  that  the  new  company  is  to  be  capitalized  only  to  the  extent  of  actual  property  and 
cash  put  Into  the  business,  and  that  the  Government  will  share  on  a  progre^ively  Increasing  scale  in  any 
profits  derived  from  the  business.  The  general  method  of  determining  the  compensation  ia  that  the  I)lrPctor 
General  will  receive  50 '4  per  cent,  of  the  operating  revenues  (or  gross  earnings),  and  out  of  the  balance 
the  express  company  will  pay  operating  expenses  and  taxes  and  a  dividend  of  5  per  cent,  on  its  capital 
stock.  Out  of  the  next  2  per  cent,  available  for  distribution  the  express  company  will  receive  1  per  c.ent. 
and  the  Government  1  per  cent.;  out  of  the  next  3  per  cent,  available  for  distribution  the  express  company 
will  receive  1  per  cent,  and  the  Government  2  per  cent.;  any  further  amounts  available  for  dlstributioQ 
will  be  divided,  one-quarter  to  the  express  company  and  three-quarters  to  the  Government." 

The' Federal  concern  took  the  name  "American  Railway  Express  Company,"  and  it  began  operations 
on  JU1>';1,  tsKing  in  also  the  Great  Northern,  National,  Northern,  Southern,  and  Western  Express  Companies. 

'number    OF    AUTOMOBILES    IN    OPERATION    IN    UNITED    STATES. 

■ ''    i  (The  figures  are  as  of  January  1.) 

THE  estimated  number  of  automobiles  in  use  in  the  United  States  la  as  follows:  (1899)  10,000;  (1905) 
85,000;  (1910)  400,000;  (1911)  600,000:  (1912)  677.000;  (1913)  1,010.483;  (1914)  1,253,875;  (1915)  1,764,570: 
(1916)  2,225,000;  (1917)  3,000,000;  (1918)  3,500,000. 

Various  authorities  estimate  that  the  average  consumption  of  gasoline  per  automobile  equals  from 
10  to  14  barrels  per  annum.  This  figure  has  been  checked  against  inspection  flgurea  of  States  Inspectinf 
all  gasoline  sold.  

SURVIVAL    OF   THE    HORSE. 

(By  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriciilture.) 

i3UBSTiTTiTi0N3  for  the  hor.se  have  so  far  failed  to  diminish  his  number  on  farms,  where  he  Is  mo.'Ntls 
bred  Since  he  was  first  separately  counted  In  the  Census  of  1850,  his  number  has  grown  from  4,330,718 
on  farms  In  that  year  to  10,357,488  In  1880,  to  18,207,020  In  1900,  and  to  19,833,113  in  1910,  and  the  recent 
estimate  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  for  1918  makes  the  number  21,663,000.  The 
railroad  did  not  verify  the  common  prophecy  of  the  horse's  gloomy  future  nearly  a  oentury  ago,  and  many 
ye.i.rs  elapsed  before  the  heyday  of  the  bicycle  arrived  with  Its  expected  menace  to  the  horse.  That  macrJne 
of  pleasure  and  toil  diverted  attention  from  the  first  real  antagonist  of  the  horse,  the  electric  street  railw.ay, 
and  th^s,was  a  formidable  one.  It  Is  roughly  estimated  that  2,000,000  horses  would  be  required  to  move 
the  street  cars  now  in  city  service  and  that  farmers  would  need  to  keep  a  stock  ol  perhaps  3,000,000  horses 
to  produce  this  supply.    Yet,  horses  kept  on  Increasing. 

.Apparently  the  most  effective  foe  of  the  horse  has  appeared  in  the  last  ten  years  In  the  motor  vehicle, 
although  its  importance  In  this  respect  Is  popularly  exaggerated.  According  to  statistics  collected  by  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  total  State  registrations  of  motor  cars  were  48,000  In  1906. 
about  500,000  In  1910,  over  1,000,000  In  1912,  over  2,400,000  in  1915,  and  3,512,996  In  1916.  AutomobUes 
do  not  mostly  displace  hor.ses,  but  many  are  used  by  men  in  occupations  dependent  on  either  horses  01 
automobiles  lor  personal  movement,  such  as  real  estate  agents,  builders,  and  some  merchants  and  manu- 
facturers, and  there  is  also  the  large  public  automobile  passenger  service  in  cities  and,  again,  the  large 
number  of  automobiles  owned  by  farmers  in  place  of  driving  horses.  The  bulk  of  the  automobile  owuerg. 
off  farms,  however,  would  not  be  owning  horses  as  the  alternative.  It  is  the  opinion  th.at  every  motor 
truck  on  the  average  displaces  three  horses.  It  Is  known  that  118,682  motor  trucks  were  registered  !n 
1916.  Prohablv  the  displacement  of  horses  by  motor  trucks  and  commercial  vehicles  represents  a  stocSt 
on  farms  of  a  few  million  horses,  and  to  these  must  be  added  the  stock  eliminated  by  the  automobile.  Last 
of  all,  the  farm  tractor  has  appeared,  with  conjectural  possibllUlcs,  but  as  yet  viith  no  perceptible  diepiaots- 
ment  of  horses  in  the  country  at  largo. 


350  Road  Mileage  in  New  York  State,  January  1,  1918. 


GOOD    ROADS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES-MILEAGE    AND    COSTS. 

(By  the  Public  Roads  Bureau,  U.  S.  Agricultural  Department.) 


Expend'rs 

Mileage 

Mileage 

Expend'rs 

Mileage 

Mileage 

,    State. 

in  1914. 

All  Roads 

Surfaced 

State. 

in  1914. 

All  Roads 

Surfaced 

(000 

Jan.  1, 

Roads  Jan. 

(000 

Jan.  1, 

Roads  Jan. 

Omitted.) 

1915. 

1,  1915.' 

Omitted.) 

1915. 

1.  1915. 

Alabama 

83,949 

55,446 

4,988 

Nebraska 

1,796 

80,272 

1,204 

Arizona 

983 

12,075 

253 

Nevada 

245 

12,182 

262 

Arkansas 

1,622 

60,743 

1,097 

New  Hampshire 

1,590 

14,020 

1,659 

Callfr.rnla 

19,172 

61,039 

10,279 

New  Jersey. . . . 

7,208 

14,817 

6,897 

Colorado 

1,937 

39,780 

1.193 

New  Mexico.  .  . 

556 

11,873 

261 

Connecticut 

3,641 

14,061 

2,975 

New  York 

23,232 

79,398 

15,636 

Dela-.vare 

611 

3,674 

243 

North  Carolina. 

5,215 

50,758 

6,004 

Flopda  

2,280 
3,688 

17,995 
80,669 

2,830 
12,342 

2,402 
14,334 

68,795 
86,354 

955 

Geortfia 

Ohio 

30,569 
121 

Idaho     

1,371 

24,390 

679 

Okljilioma, 

2,112 
5,310 

107,916 

IlUnoia 

8,734 

95,647 

11,606 

Oregon 

36,819 

4,726 

Indiana 

14,234 

73,347 

30,962 

Pennsylvania. . . 

10,424 

91.555 

9,983 

Iowa 

10,187 

104  074 

614 

Rhode  Island 

446 

2,170 

693 

Kansas 

5.544 

111,052 

1,149 

South  Carolina 

1,024 

42,226 

3,270 

Kentucky 

2,474 

57,916 

12,403 

South  Dakota. . 

1,218 

96,306 

363 

liOulslana 

1,777 

24.563 

2,067 

Tennessee 

2,370 

46,050 

8,102 

Maine 

2,642 

23,537 

2,762 

Texas 

9,920 

128,960 

10,527 

Maryland 

6.000 

16,458 

2,489 

Utah 

803 

8,810 

1,154 

Massachusetts. 

6,092 

18,681 

8,506 

Vermont 

1,024 

14,249 

1.442 

Michigan 

9,262 

74,190 

7,828 

Virginia 

3,224 

53,388 

3,909 

Minnesota 

6,459 

93.517 

3,968 

Washington 

7,944 

42.428 

4,922 

Mississippi 

3.960 

45,779 

2,133 

West  Virginia.. 

2,483 

32,024 

1,065 

Missouri 

5,513 

96,041 

6,712 

Wisconsin 

9,880 

75,707 

13,399 

Montana 

2.888 

39,204] 

609 

Wyoming 

669 

14,797 

468 

Of  the  10,485  miles  of  surfaced  road-s  In  the  Middle  Atlantic  States  in  1904,  approximately  60  per  cent, 
was  plain  macadam  and  40  per  cent,  was  gravel.  In  1909,  of  the  19,532  miles  of  surfaced  road,  51  per  cent, 
was  macadam,  47  per  cent,  gravel,  1  per  cent,  bituminous  macadam,  and  1  per  cent,  other  materials.  ,In 
1914,  however,  of  a  surfaced  mileage  of  24,482,  39.3  per  cent,  was  macadam,  36.3  per  cent,  gravel.  15.'.4  per 
cent,  bituminous  macadam,  3.8  per  cent,  brick  and  concrete,  and  5.2  per  cent,  of  other  materials. 

New  Jersey  was  the  fir.st  to  adopt  the  policy  of  State  aid.     The  first  work  was  done  in  1892. 

Of  the  134,141.74  miles  of  surfaced  roads,  at  the  close  of  1914,  In  the  Central,  Pacific,  and  Mountain 
States,  78,825.34  miles,  or  58.77  per  cent.,  were  of  gravel;  31,882.24  miles,  or  23.77  per  cent.,  macadam; 
13.192.02  miles,  or  9.84  per  cent.,  sand-clay;  2,949.64  miles,  or  2.20  per  cent.,  bituminous  macadam; 
1,789  20  miles,  or  1.33  per  cent.,  concrete;  794.82  miles,  or  0.59  per  cent.,  brick. 

Of  the  18.038.78  miles  of  suifaced  roads  in  the  New  England  States  at  the  close  of  1914, 10.896.08  miles 
or  60.40  per  cent.,  were  gravel;  2,229.81  miles,  or  12.38  per  cent.,  macadam  1,771.20  miles,  or  9,83  per  cent, 
bituminous  macadam,  including  roads  built  by  the  mixing  and  penetration  methods  and  surface  treated; 
1,113.43  miles,  or  6.17  per  cent.,  sand-clay;  41.80  miles,  or  0.23  per  cent.,  concrete;  1.38  miles,  or  0.01  per 
ceut..  brick,  and  1,985.08  miles,  or  11  per  cent.,  surfaced  with  other  materials. 

Of  the  73,694.78  miles  of  surfaced  roads  in  the  Southern  States  at  the  close  of  1914,  29.287.88  miles, 
or  39.80  per  cent.,  were  sand-clay;  21  377.37  mlle.s,  or  29.05  per  cent.,  were  macadam;  17,440.02  miles,  or 
23.7  per  cent.,  were  gravel;  1.994.36  miles,  or  2  71  per  cent.,  were  bituminous  macadam;  1,924.68  miles,  pr 
2.61  per  cent.,  were  shell;  379.81  miles,  or  0.51  per  cent.,  were  brick;  273.24  miles,  or  0.37  per  cent..;  ivei'o 
concrete;  and  917.42  miles,  or  1.25  per  cent.,  v/cre  surfaced  with  other  materials. 


ROAD    MILEAGE    IN    NEW    YORK    STATE,    JANUARY    1,    1918. 


County. 


Albany 

Allegany . . . , 
Broome .... 
Cattaraugus . 

Cayuga 

Chatauqua.. 
Chemung. .. . 
Chenango. . , 
Clinton.  . .  ., 
Columbia. . . 
CortUiud.  . . 
Delaware. .. , 
Dutchess ... 

Erie 

Eases. 

Franklin .... 

f  ulton 

CSenesee 

Greene 

Hamilton.... 
Herkimer.. . . 
Jefferson. . . . 

.^lewis 

liviuiiston.. . 

Madison 

Monroe. .  .*. 
Montgomery 

Kassau 

■S'lagara. ... 
X!)nelda 


State 

C'nty 

Roads. 

Roads. 

41 

165 

76 

148 

64 

133 

68 

181 

40 

117 

68 

200 

41 

89 

73 

131 

64 

124 

68 

123 

56 

94 

100 

189 

49 

162 

56 

451 

111 

133 

60 

162 

33 

87 

36 

60 

65 

85 

108 

93 

80 

136 

85 

180 

32 

94 

68 

113 

50 

98 

38 

367 

30 

120 

12 

97 

62 

162 

96 

258 

Town 
Roads. 


886 

1,670 

1,240 

1,718 

1,333 

1,682 

745 

1,542 

1,196 

1,188 

887 

2,069 

1,406 

1.376 

1,047 

1.165 

649 

824 

912 

260 

1,238 

1.939 

1,323 

1,104 

1,276 

963 

699 

1,382 

710 

1,963 


Total. 


1,092 
1,894 
1,437 
1,967 
1,490 
1,950 

875 
1,746 
1,384 
1,379 
1,037 
2,358 
1,617 
1,883 
1,291 
1,377 

769 

920 
1,062 

461 
1,454 
2,204 
1,449 
1,285 
1,424 
1,368 

849 
1,491 

934 
2,317 


County. 


Ononda-,';v .  .  . 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego .  ,  .  .  . 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Rensselaer . . . 
Rockland. . . . 
St.  Lawrence 
Saratoga .  .  .  . 
Schenectady . 
Schoharie . . . . 
Schuyler .  .  .  . 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Suliolk 

SulUvan 

Tioga 

Tompkins .  .  . 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Westchester. . 
Wyoming. . . . 
Yates 

Total 


State 

■C'nty 

Roads. 

Roads. 

57 

324 

4D 

111 

60 

184 

49 

87 

69 

162 

54 

185 

26 

64 

58 

172 

23 

55 

11>2 

240 

85 

151 

24 

79 

68 

85 

58 

61 

55 

63 

135 

202 

90 

184 

85 

123 

50 

90 

53 

94 

36 

166 

32 

81 

48 

104 

75 

126 

59 

241 

40 

114 

25 

62 

3,395 

8,142 

Town 


1,254 

1,188 

1,351 

584 

1,483 

1,914 

429 

1,061 

293 

2,753 

1,275 

310 

1,106 

663 

586 

2,757 

1,679 

1,647 

927 

920 

1,646 

897 

1.381 

1,147 

568 

922 

682 


67.805 


Total. 


1,635 
1,348 
1,595 

720 
1,714 
2,153 

509 
1,291 

371 
3,105 
1,511 

413 
I-,259 

762 

704 
3,094 
1,953 
1,855 
1,067 
1,067 
1.843 
1,010 
1,633 
1,348 

868 
1,076 

769 


79,342 


Motor  Vehicles  in  New  York  State. 


\\rA 


MOTOR    VEHICLES    IN    NEW    YORK    STATE. 

(At  close  of  a\itomobiic  year — Secretary  of  State's  figures.) 


COURTIK.S. 


Bronx 

Kings 

New  York. 
Queens. . . . 
Ricbmond . 


Pleasure. 


TotaJ  New  Yorl.  fi-,y 

Albany 

Attegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus 

Cayuga 

(Chautauqua 

Chemung 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Columbia 

(/Ortland 

Delaware 

IJutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

TTanklJu 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Herkimer 

JeCrcrson 

Lewi.s. .  . .' 

Livingston.' 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Nassau 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Rennssolaer 

Rockland 

St.  Lawrence 

Saratoga 

Schenectady 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben .  . 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins 

Ulster 

Warren 

"W  ashington 

Wayne 

Westchester 

\V  yoming 

yat<^ . 

Foreign 


;  Total 33S.682 


6,.337 

29,695k 
43,589  >i 
10,906 
3,127 


93,655 
5,769 
2,634 
5,106 
3,247 
3,636 
5,259 
2,834 
2,283 
1,95S 
2,208 
2,187 
2,774 
4,695 
26,380 
1,838 
1,984 
2,275 
2,840 
1,634 
186 
2,999 
5,307 
1,663 
3,300 
2,565 
16,534 
2,276 
10,409 
5,S20 
7,964 
11,031 
3,905 
6,167 
2.399 
3,404 
2,798 
919 
4,058 
2,460 
4,887 
2,301 
3,961 
1,363 
777 
1,666 
4,376 
8,102 
1,644 
1,432 
2,400 
3,673 
1,372 
2,057 
3,790 
17,006 
2,247 
1,465 
2,903 


Com- 
mercial. 


1,440 

6,809 

14,250 

2,025 

554 


25,078 
1,108 
131 
620 
207 
274 
424 
377 
138 
154 
269 
140 
193 
724 
5,279 
221 
189 
292 
206 
215 
23 
245 
421 
58 
161 
153 

2,285 
259 

1,455 
977 
888 

1,355 
302 
785 
134 
272 
204 
119 
717 
305 
214 
341 
527 
97 
35 
76 
27S 

1,027 
187 
62 
102 
408 
192 
167 
237 

2,488 

106 

83 

1,262 


Tot.il 
CiUR,   Inc. 
Kxenijit-s 


8,172 
37,535i-« 
62,1 69>2 
13,400 

3,824 


125,101 
7,411 
2,840 
5,908 
3,556 
4,063 
.J,S31 
3,295 
2,515 
2,300 
2,587 
2,373 
3,13'J 
5,662 

32,505 
2,283 
2,354 
2,706 
3,123 
2,167 
294 
3,385 
6,059 
1,796 
3,559 
2,811 

19,278 
2,619 

12,338 
6,975 
9,156 

12,732 
4,337 
7,265 
2,573 
3,791 
.^,132 
1,085 
4,984 
2.S99 
.^,380 
2,847 
4,615 
3,552 
833 
1,768 
4,774 
9,551 
2,310 
1,527 
2,718 
4,262 
1,717 
2,325 
4,109 

20,191 
2,444 
1,682 
4,269 


Total  Fees 
on  Cars. 


S7S.445.75 
354,567.00 
745,832.50 
111,968.00 
33,603.25 


Chailf- 
Xeiurs. 


55,402  411.,W7 


81,324,416.50 

64,641.25 

19,062.25 

45,376.00 

24,128.75 

29,362.00 

42.,539.00 

25.640.25 

17,854.50 

16.614.50 

20,066.25 

17,423.00 

2i. 804.75 

44,364.25 

265,207.00 

18,139.00 

17,706.25 

20,886.50 

21,282.75 

18,230.75 

2,755.50 

26,240.00 

44,018.75 

12,112.75 

24,178.00 

19,449.00 

153,178,00 

21,243.00 

105,020.25 

53,754.50 

69,559.00 

96,857.50 

30,093.00 

54,350.50 

17,893.50 

25,705.25 

22,032.00 

8,503.50 

41,864.75 

22,348.75 

37,692.25 

23,287.00 

36,319.50 

11,004.50 

5,726,00 

11,220.25 

32,364.25 

72,680.75 

19,370.75 

9,846.60 

19,713.75 

32,851.00 

14,313.50 

16,682.25 

28,772,50 

171,494. .50 

16,311.50 

10,972.00 

56,560.00 


6,726 

19,488 

40,796 

6,224 

1,259 


S3,5.53,000.75 


74,493 

1,790 
259 

1,134 
386 
467 
674 
642 
319 
474 
449 
249 
465 

1,317 

7,492 
719 
477 
463 
313 
696 
102 
487 

1,015 
184 
255 
270 

3,202 
487 

3,346 
866 

1,495 

2,102 
450 

1,679 
173 
421 
498 
253 

1,117 
720 
887 
653 
761 
189 
83 
167 
513 

2.579 

1,000 
140 
539 

1,093 
460 
312 
234 

6,780 
191 
121 

4,578 


133,686 


No.  of 
Motor- 
cycles. 


942 
2,753 

2,784 

1,084 

262 


7.825 

672 

173 

601 

245 

209 

429 

368 

95 

168 

262 

189 

116 

614 

2,736 

101 

73 

300 

265 

72 

5 

450 

637 

49 

131 

180 

2,165 

319 

694 

584 

986 

1,143 

304 

404 

151 

214 

171 

47 

323 

155 

222 

262 

730 

47 

42 

92 

408 

658 

44 

85 

164 

235 

78 

136 

151 

911 

67 

69 

63 


Grsiif! 

TotJil 

Receipts 


5110,148.75 

462,274.00 

929,186.00 

149,849.75 

42,654.75 


?1,694 
75 
21 
52 
27 
32 
47 
29 
19 
19 
23 
19 
24 
52; 
310, 
21 
20 
24 
23 
23 
3 
29 
SO 
13 
26 
21 
175 
24 
126 
60, 
79: 
109, 
33, 
64 
19 
28 
26 
9 
48 
26 
42 
27 
41 
12 
6 
12 
36 
88 
26 
10 
23 
39 
16 
18 
30 
209 
17 
11 
72 


,113.25 
,497.75 
,391.50 
,838.50 
,055,75 
,152,50 
,968.75 
,773.50 
,881.25 
,715.75 
,017.00 
,305.75 
,634.25 
,620.00 
,066,50 
,788.25 
,311.50 
,201 .50 
,929.25 
,234.25 
,249.00 
,808.25 
,848,75 
151.00 
.130.25 
,699.00 
,099.50 
.153.50 
,742.75 
,850.00 
,077.50 
,999.75 
,640.50 
,018.25 
,410..5O 
,424.25 
,023.75 
,975.00 
,038.25 
,940.50 
,695.00 
,331.00 
,694.75 
.484.00 
,325.25 
,399.75 
,398.50 
,002.00 
,495.00 
1,883.75 
,071,00 
,714.25 
,849.00 
,800.25 
,662.50 
,691.00 
,925.50 
,857.50 
,079.00 


28,775     S4,284,l  14.00 


Omnibus  licences,  11,932-.  trailers,  985;  dealers'  licenses,  2,728;  exempted  cars,  included  in  total,  1,838; 
motor-cycle  fees,  S69,840;  chauffeurs'  fees,  S389,976;  operators'  fees,  886,854;  miscellaneovis  fees,  $181,859: 
paid  to  counties.  82,025,857;  paid  to  State,  52.185,832. 

Comparative  figures  showing  motor  vehicle  registration  in  New  York  State  between  February  )  .-ind 
.luly  1,  1918,  and  a  like  period  in  1917: 


Vehicle. 

1917. 

191S. 

In  crea.se.  J   %    > 

Vehicle. 

1917. 

1918. 

Increase. 

% 

Motor  trucks,  . 
V:\fseimer  cars . 

45,865 
291.115 

67,330 
335,245 

21,465     47 
44.130     15 

Tot.  regi'nra'n. 
Tot.  receipts.  .  . 

349,040 
.■^3.038,908 

4'22,853 
54.443,044 

73,813 
$804,1361 

21 

23 

Comparative  figures,  February  1  to  ,luly  1,  1918,  and  same  period  in  1917,  in  New  York  City  zone; 

Vehicle. 


Motor  trucks. 
Fafi.senpoi-  far^ 


1917. 

19,466 
74,096 


1918. 


27,041 
83,8791 


Increase.!   % 

7,576    39 
9,783!   13 


Vehicle. 


Registration . 
Receipts . . , . 


1918. 


98,21.5   117.701 
S1.308,227l.Sl. 640.660 


Increase 


19,486 
$338,443 


% 


20 
26 


So^' 


Foreign  Commerce  of  the sUnited  States. 


iForetflu  (Commerce  of  tije  WiniUti  States, 

A    GENERAL   SUMMARY, 


FISCAL 

Tot.  Imports 

Fiscal 

Tot.  Imports 

FiSCAIi 

Tot.  Imports 

Fiscal 

Tot.  Imports 

Year. 

and  Exports. 

Year. 

.••ud  Exports. 

Year. 

and  Exports. 

Year. 

and  Exports. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

DoUars. 

Dnllars. 

1800 

162,224,548 

1870 

828.730,176 

1887 

1,408,502,979 

1903. 

2.445.860,916 

1810 

152,157.970 

1871 

963,043.862 

1888 

1,419,911.621 

1904 

2.451.914.642 

1820 

144.141,669 

1872 

1.070,772.663 

1889 

1,487.533,027 

1905 

2.636.074.737 

1830    

134.391,691 

1873 

1.164.616.132 

1890 

1,647.139.093 

1906 

2,970.426,946 

1840 

221,927,638 

1874...:.. 

1,153.689,382 

1891 

1.729.397,006 

1907 

3.315.272.503 

1850 

316,885,262 

1875 

1.046.448,147 

1892 

1,857,680,610 

1908 

3.055.115,138 

1855 

476,718,211 

1876 

1.001,125,861 

1893 

1.714.060,110 

1909 

2.974,931.328 

1860 

687.192.176 

1877 

1,053.798,346 

1894 

1,547.135,194 

1910 

3.301.932.150 

1861 

506.864,375 

1878 

1,131.917.298 

1895 

1,539,508,130 

1911 

3.576,646,304 

1862 

380,027,178 

1879 

1,1.56.217,216 

1896 

1,662,331,612 

1912.  .  :.  .. 

3,857,587.343 

1863 

447,300,262 

1880 

1.503,593.404 

1897 

1,815,723,908 

1913 

4.278.892,383 

1884 

475,285,291 

1881 

1,545,041,974 

1898 

1.847,531.984 

1914 

4,258.504,805 

1865 

404,774.883 

1882 

1.475,181,831 

1899 

1.924.171.791 

1915 

4,442,759,085 

1866 

783,671,588 

1883 

1,547,020,316 

1900 

2.244.424,266 

1916 

r),.531,366,390 

1867 

690,267,237 

1884 

1,408.211,302 

1901 

2,310,937.1.56 

1917 

8.949.403,579 

1868 

639,389,339 

1885 

1.319.717.084 

1902 

2.285.040.349 

1918 

8,874,345,044 

1869 

703,624,076 

1886 

1.314.960.966 

TONNAGE    AT    U.  S.  PORTS    BY    CHIEF    NATIONALITIES-NET    TONS. 

THE  net  ton  equals  100  cubic  feet  of  carrying  capacity,  exclusive  of  deductions  for  space  occupied  by 
cabins,  machinery,  etc.  Lack  of  unllormlty  in  rules  Tor  the  measurement  of  tonnage  probably  affects  the 
accuracy  of  the  figures  presented. 


Year  (Fiscal). 

BRITISH. 

Danish. 

Dutch, 

French. 

GERMAN. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

1913 ,... . 

19,696,820 
20,416,045 
16,908,846 
16,223,127 
14,589,977 

19.359,581 
20,417,315 
17,321.648 
16,840,790 
15,143,487 

480,946 
484,255 
764,099 
866,018 
923,310 

445,738 
480,458 
751,200 
855,039 
948,872 

1,048,896 
1,055,515 
1,473,521 
1,416,047 
1,173,886 

1,077,364 
1,107,415 
1,483,321 
1,474,780 
1,128,179 

1,026.638 

1,123,295 

957,049 

961,517 

773,367 

1,033,931 

1,125,969 

961,735 

982,764 

796,051 

4,578.179 

6,034,996 

659,999 

4,587.050 

1914 

1915 

1916 

5.0b4,747 
475,777 

1917:..:;...".... 

828 

828 

Year   (Fiscal). 

Italian. 

Norwegian. 

RUSSIAN. 

Spanish. 

Swedish. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

Entered 

Cleared. 

1913 

838.147 

882.127 

1.316,561 

1,886.245 

1.266.959 

802,103 

901,041 

1.365,754 

2,006,278 

1,485,809 

2.773,767 
3,021,090 
3,368,735 
3,372,746 
3.321.834 

2,797,601 
3,074,313 
3,349,803 
3,374,222 
3,516,979 

129.735 
155,632 
178,903 
257,423 
186,486 

129,636 
155,876 
154,868 
257,797 
201,169 

391,046 
403,374 
533,550 
633,397 
777,700 

373,832 
398,568 
519,862 
666,871 
831,252 

59.800 

95.716 

337.530 

389,140 

325,710 

64,936 

1914 

86,343 

1916 

1916 

1917 

337,828 
396,194 
322,001 

Norwegian  and  Swedish  figures  represent  net  tonnage  of  vessels  entered  and  cleared  at  all  ports  of 
the  United  Sta,te3,  and  In  some  Instances  this  may  prevent  the  Items  by  countries  from  footing  to  agree 
with  the  totals,  which  represent  seaports  only.  


Year  (Fiscal). 

ALL  Other  Foreign. 

Total  Foreign. 

AMERICAN. 

GRAND  Total. 

Entered. 

Cleared. 

Entered. 

Cleared. 

Entered. 

Cleared. 

Enter^ed. 

Cleared; 

1913 

903,617 
1.036.598 
1.451,089 
2,064,526 
1,929,196 

809,573 

891.485 

1.415.010 

2.104.468 

1.997.407 

32.731,535 
34,616,495 
28,202,065 
28,298,292 
25,623,283 

32.276.800 
34.558,005 
28,347,399 
29.181.735 
26,754.939 

5.241.301 

5.435.794 

6.829.905 

9,445.887 

10.897,685 

5,289,152 
5,185,207 
7,110,462 
9.762.867 
11.338.866 

37.972.836 
40,052.289 
35.031,970 
37.744.179 
36.520.968 

37,565.952 

1814 

915 

1916 

1917 

39.743.212 
35.457.861 
38.944,592 
38,093,805 

COASTWISE  AND  ORIENTAL  TONNAGE  ENTERED  AT  UNITED  STATES  PORTS— NET  TONS. 

Year  (Fiscal). 

Pr.  Edw. 
Islands. 

British 
Columbia. 

C.  Amer. 
States. 

Mexico. 

West 
Indies. 

Cuba. 

Argen- 
tina- 

Brazil. 

1913. 

1.59M92 
1.532,798 
1,405,430 
1,305,227 
1,177,181 

2,938,674 
3,124,036 
3,065,879 
3,370,562 
3.300.020 

1.986.030 
2.092.512 
1.636.968 
1.758.915 
1.602.151 

2,060,928 
2,815,399 
1,896,2^0 
2,195,591 
2,597,711 

869,993 
1.041.583 
902.632 
627.383 
609,714 

3.237,224 
3,165,943 
2,853,241 
3,220,430 
3,406,387 

511.970 
1,028,467 
649,771 
581,009 
562,696 

1,245,972 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1,312,963 

615,682 

:  619.868 

.    566^611 

Tonnage  cleared  1917 — Nova  Scotia,  1,092,312;  British  Columbia,  3,238,633;  Central  American  States, 
1.684,985:  Mexico.  2,500,502;  British  West  Indies,  690,674;  Cuba,  3,662,975;  Argentina,  708,983;  Brazil, 
754.710 


.  YEAR 

(Fiscal). 

Colombia. 

British  East 
Indies. 

China,  Includ- 
ing Hongkong 

Japan. 

BRITISH 

Australasia. 

Entered. 

Cleared . 

Entered 

Cleared . 

Entered. 

Cleared . 

Entered. 

Cleared . 

Entei'ed. 

Cleared . 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

206.228 
183.495 
203.729 
259.629 
299.601 

810.967 
272.089 
224,917 
183,516 
121,160 

372.311 
373.708 
264.009 
259.771 
298.783 

148.774 
120,832 
134,785 
169,321 
187,375 

439,429 
497,857 
525,330 
413,197 
443.068 

392.334 
438.460 
387.717 
460.004 
396.811 

710,752 
778,586 
687,395 
635.943 
611,838 

561,662 
598,415 
415,141 
391,548 
601.280 

277.844 
354.695 
366.161 
469.862 
303.011 

613.221 
594.348 
516.666 
656,941 
542,639 

1918 — Total  tonnage  (In  tons)  at  all  ports  of  United  States: 
W,172.407.     Cleared— American,  19,261,733:.  foreign.  26,807,749. 


Entered— American,  19,283.530;  foreign. 


United  Slates  Exports — Domestic  and  Foreign. 


353 


UNITED    STATES    IMPORTS,  FREE    AND    DtJTIABLE-1 800-1 91 8. 


Fiscal  Year 


1800. . , 
1810. . , 
1820 .  .  . 
1830,  .  . 
1840 .  .  . 
1850 .  . 
1855.  .  . 

1860 .  . 

1861.  .  . 

1862 .  .  . 

1863.  . 

1864.  . 

1865.  . 

1866.  . 

1867.  . 

1868 . 
1869. 
1870. . 

1871.  . 

1872 .  . 
1873. . 
1874. . 

1875.  . 

1876.  . 

1877.  . 

1878.  . 

1879.  . 

1880.  . 

1881.  . 

1882.  . 
1883. . 
1884.  . 
1885. . 


Free. 


Dollars. 


4',590,281 

48,313,391 

18,081,590 

36,430,524 

73,741,479 

71,130,351 

52,721,653 

35,241,924 

41,126,332 

44,519,516 

59,028,526 

23,133,495 

15,190,781 

21,646,692 

20,140,786 

36,587,737 

47,267,213 

144,815,884 

151.481,762 

146,279,927 

140,361,913 

140,788,452 

141,278,265 

142,681,-505 

208,301,863 

202,491,547 

210,579,007 

207,504,718 

209,884,184 

193,213,624 


Dutiable. 


Dollars. 


58,130.675 
49,945,315 
155,427,936 
221,378,184 
279,874,640 
218,180,191 
136,635,024 
208,093,891 
275,320,951 
194,226,064 
375,783.540 
372,627.601 
342,245,659 
395,859,687 
415,817,622 
483,635,947 
579,327.864 
497.320.326 
415,924.580 
386.725.509 
320.379.277 
310,534,674 
295,773,267 
303.096.270 
459.652,883 
440.173.081 
514.060.567 
515.676,196 
457,813,509 
384,313,705 


Total. 


Dollars. 
91.252.768 
85,400,000 
74,450.000 
62.720.956 
98,258,706 
172,509.526 
2.57.808.708 
353.616.119 
289,310,.542 
189,356,677 
243,335,815 
316,447,283 
238,745,580 
434,812,066 
395,761,096 
357,436,440 
417,506,379 
435,958,408 
520,223,684 
626,595,077 
642.136.210 
567,406.342 
533,005,436 
460,741,190 
451,323,126 
437,051,532 
445,777,775 
667,964,746 
642,604,628 
724,639,574 
723.180.914 
667.697.693 
577..527.329 


Fiscal  Year 


1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 


Free. 


Dollars. 
212,159,296 
234,221,131 
244,071,615 
256,487,078 
265,668,629 
306,241,352 
457,999.658 
444, .544,211 
379,795,536 
363,233,795 
369,757.470 
381,938,243 
291,414,176 
300.279,810 
367,236,866 
339,608,669 
396,818,871 
426,180,976 
454,130,240 
517.442,302 
549,623,878 
644,029,761 
525,603,308 
599,556,639 
755,311,396 
776,972,509 
881,670,830 
987,524,162 
,127,502,699 
,033,526,675 
,492,647,350 
,848,840,520 
,118,599,372 


Dutiable. 


Dollars. 
423,276,840 
458,098,637 
479,885,499 
488,644,574 
.523,641.780 
478.674.844 
369.402.804 
421,856,711 
275,199,086 
368,736,170 
409,967,204 
382,792,169 
324,635,479 
396,868,679 
482,704,318 
483,563,496 
506,502,077 
599,538,258 
536,957,131 
600,070,769 
676,938,568 
790,391,664 
608,738,484 
712,363,585 
801,636,034 
750,253,596 
771,594,104 
825,484,072 
766,422,958 
640,643,065 
705,236,160 
810,514,665 
827,460,031 


Total. 


Dollars. 

635,436.136 

692,319,768 

723,9.57,U4 

745,131,ep2 

789,310,409 

844,916,196 

827,402.462 

866.400.922 

654.994.622 

731.969.965 

779.724.674 

764.730.412 

616.049,654 

697,148,489 

849,941,184 

823,172,165 

903.320.948 

1.025,719,237 

991,087,371 

1,117,513,071 

1,226.562,446 

1,434,421,425 

1,194,341,792 

1,311,920,224 

1,556,947,430 

1,527,226,105 

1,653,264,934 

1,813,008,234 

1,893,925,657 

1,674,169,740 

2,197,883,610 

2,659,356,185 

2,946,059,403 


The  figures  ol  imports  include  gold  and  silver  prior  to  1830. 

The  relative  percentages  of  the  various  classes,  etc.,  of  imports  in  1917  were:  Free  of  duty,  71.92; 
average  ad  valorem  rate  of  duty,  based  on  Imports  for  consumption,  6.28.  Free  of  duty  Imports  were 
divided  thus — 51.78%  crude  materials;  14.76%  crude  foodstuffs  and  animals;  21.05%  manufactures  for  further 
use  in  manufacturing;  8.28%  goods  ready  for  use.  Of  the  dutiable  imports,  15.76%  were  crude,  for  use 
in  maniitacturing;  7.26%  were  crude  foods,  etc.;  36.82%  were  partly  manufactured  foods;  12.81%  were 
manufnctures  for  further  use  in  manufacturing;  and  26.49%  were  manufactures  ready  for  use. 

UNITED    STATES    EXPORTS-DOMESTIC    AND    FOREIGN. 


Fiscal  Year 


1800. 
1810. 
1820. 
1830. 
1840. 
1860. 
1855. 
1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 


Domestic. 


Dollars. 
31,840,903 
42,366,675 
51,683,640 
58,524,878 
111,660,561 
134,900,233 
192,761,135 
316,242,423 
204,899,616 
179,644,024 
186,003,912 
143,504,027 
136,940,248 
337,518,102 
279,786.809 
269.389,900 
275,166,697 
376,616,473 
428,398,908 
428,487,131 
505,033,439 
569,433,421 
499,284,100 
625,582,247 
689,670.224 
680,709,268 
698,340,790 
823,946,353 
883,925,947 
733,239,732 
804,223,632 
724,964.852 
726,682,946 


Foreign. 


Dollars. 
39,130,877 
24,791,295 
18,008,029 
13,145,857 
12,008.371 
9.475,493 
26,158,368 
17,333,634 
14.654,217 
11,026,477 
17,960,535 
15,333,961 
29,089,055 
11,341,420 
14,719,332 
12,562,999 
10,961,000 
16,165.295 
14.421,270 
15,690.455 
17,446,483 
16,849,619 
14,158,611 
14,802,424 
12,804,996 
14,156,498 
12,098,651 
11,692,306 
18,451,399 
17,302,526 
19,616,770 
16,548,757 
15,606,809 


Total. 


Dollars. 
70,971,780 
66,767,970 
69,691,669 
71,670.735 
123.668,932 
144,375,726 
2 18. 909,. 503 
333,576,057 
219,553,833 
190,670,501 
203,964.447 
158,837,988 
166,029,303 
348,859,522 
294,506,141 
281,952,899 
286,117,697 
392,771,768 
442,820,178 
444,177,586 
522,479,922 
586,283,040 
513,442,711 
540,384,671 
602,476,220 
694,865,766 
710,439,441 
835,638,658 
902,377,346 
750,542,257 
823,839,402 
740,513,609 
742,189,755 


Fiscal  Year 

Domestic. 

Dollars. 

1886 

665,964,529 

1887 

703,022,923 

1888 

683,862,104 

1889 

730,282,609 

1890 

845,293,828 

1891 

872,270,288 

1892 

1,016,732,011 

1898 

831,030,785 

1894 

869,204,937 

1895 

793,392,599 

1S96 

863,200,487 

1897 

1,032,007,603 

1898 

1,210,291,913 

1899 

1,203,931,222 

1900 

1,370,763,571 

1901 

1,460,462,806 

1902 

1,355,481.861 

1903 

1.392.231.302 

1904 

1.435.179,017 

1905 

1,491,744,641 

1906 

1,717,953,382 

1907 

1,863,718,034 

1908 

1,834,786,357 

1909 

1,638,355,593 

1910 

1,710,083,998 

1911 

2,013,649,026 

1912 

2,170,319,828 

1913 

2,428,506,358 

1914 

2,329,684,026 

1915 

2,716,178,466 

1916 

4,272,177,579 

1917 

6,227,164,060 

1918 

5,847,159,678 

Foreign. 


Dollars. 
13,560,301 
13,160,288 
12,092,403 
12,118,766 
12,634,866 
12,210,527 
14.546.137 
16,634.409 
22,935,635 
14,145,666 
19.406,451 
18,985,953 
21,190,417 
23,092,080 
23,719,511 
27,302,185 
26,237,540 
27  910,377 
25,648,254 
26,817,025 
25,911,118 
27,13b,044 
25,986,989 
24,655,511 
34,900,722 
36,771,174 
34,002,581 
37,377,791 
34,895,123 
•62,410,875 
61,305.306 
62,884,344 
81,126,963 


Total. 


Dollars. 

679,524,830 

716,183,211 

695,954,507 

742,401,375 

857,828,684 

884,480,810 

1,030,278,148 

847,665,194 

892,140,572 

807,538,165 

882,606,938 

1,050,993,556 

1,231,482,330 

1,227,023,302 

1.394.483,082 

1,487,764,991 

1,381,719,401 

1,420,141,679 

1,460,827,271 

1,518,561,666 

1,743,864,600 

1,880,851,078 

1,860,773,346 

1,663,011,104 

1,744,984,720 

2,049,320,199 

2,204,322,409 

2,466,884,149 

2,364,579,148 

2,768,589,340 

4,333,482,885 

6,290,048,394 

5.928.286,641 


Figures  for  exports  include  gold  and  silver  prior  to  1830. 

Total  exporta  per  capita  of  population— (1800),  $13.37;  (1810),  .59.22;  .(1820),  $7.22;  (1830).  S5.57: 
(1840),  S7.25;  (1850),  $6.23;  (1860),  $10.61;  (1870),  $9.77;  (1880),  S16.43;  (1890).  S13.43;  (1900),  $17.76; 
(1910),  $18.28;  (1916),  $41.33;  (1917),  $54.82.  ,  _      ^  ^  ^  ^        o^    ,a,c 

The  relative  percentage  of  the  various  kinds  of  domestic  exports  In  the  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  was 
as  foUovra:  Crude  materials  for  use  in  manufacturing,  16.35;  foodstuffs  in  crude  condition,  and  food  animals, 
6.42;  foodstuffs,  partly  or  wholly  manufactured,  19.73;  manufactures  lor  fiu-ther  use  in  manufacturing, 
20.59;  manufactures  ready  for  consumption,  37.47;  miscellaneous,  0.44. 


354 


Imports  and  Exports. 


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Imports  and  Exports — Continued. 


355 


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I    §5 


356 


United  States  Exports^  by  Grand  Divisions. 


UNITED   STATES    EXPORTS,  BY    GRAND    DIVISIONS. 


Fiscal 
Year. 


1800.. 
1810.. 
1820. . 
1830.. 
1840. . 
1850. . 
1855.. 
I860.. 
1861.. 
1862.. 
1863.. 
1864.. 
1865.. 
1866.. 
1867.. 
1868.. 
1809.. 
1870. . 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1876.., 
1876.., 
1877... 
1878... 
1879... 
1880... 
1881... 
1882... 
1883... 
1884... 
1885... 
1886... 
1887... 
1888... 
1889... 
1890... 
1891... 
1892... 
1893... 
1894... 
1895... 
1896... 
1897... 
1898... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901... 
1902... 
1903..; 
1904... 
1905... 
1906... 
1907... 
1908... 
1909... 
1910... 
1911... 
1912... 
1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918... 


Exports  to — 


Europe. 


$41,348,088 

46,853,851 

"  48,116,538 

48,175,248 

98,930,684 

113,862,253 

200,761,143 

310,272,818 

170,339,184 

157,741,886 

227,456,975 

222,809,420 

201,758,310 

458,310,344 

354,932,412 

365,392,235 

328,059,182 

420,184,014 

479,738,693 

450,167,843 

539,061,323 

572,511,479 

533,544,921 

538,322,835 

557,244,615 

597,774,959 

594,189,272 

719,433,788 

766,113,798 

600,100,498 

659,867,396 

583,795,462 

599,240,748 

541,373,039 

575,300,326 

549,092,503 

578.902,520 

683,736,397 

704,798,047 

850,623,150 

661,976,910 

700,870,822 

627,927,692 

673,043,753 

813,385,644 

973,806,245 

936,602,093 

040,167,763 

,136,504,605 

,008,033,981 

,029,256,657 

,057,930,131 

,020,972,641 

,200,166,036 

298,452,380 

,283,600,155 

,146,755,321 

135,914,551 

308,275,778 

,341,732.789 

,479,074,761 

,486,498,729 

971,434,687 

,999,305,097 

,324,512,661 

,738,231,162 


No.  America.  So.  America 


$27,208,618 

16,066,899 

16,810,597 

18,886,434 

23,737,078 

24,722,610 

50,816,532 

53,325,937 

49,915,433 

48,011,793 

73,202,910 

79,554,810 

94,837,990 

67,331,613 

61,890,552 

68,289,670 

65,848,784 

68,962,006 

77.348,184 

73,230,648 

81,629,759 

94,942,138 

86,166,454 

79,926,699 

83,058,656 

78,762,184 

67,598,525 

69,437,783 

83,156.899 

85,793,255 

99,428,476 

92,217,190 

76,764,748 

7Jl  ,980,400 

73,425,948 

79,995,497 

89,550,476 

94.100,410 

96,549,129 

105,566,184 

119,788,889 

119,693,212 

108,575,594 

116,567,496 

124,958,401 

139,627,841 

157,931,707 

187,594,625 

196,534,460 

203,971,080 

215,482,769 

234,909,959 

260,570,235 

308,382,982 

349,840,641 

324,674,719 

309,476,694 

385,520,069 

457,059,179 

516,837,597 

617,413,013 

528,644,962 

477,075,727 

733,024,674 

1,163,758,100 

1,237,720,614 


$1,611,738 
1,133,089 
4,587,391 
5,969,517 
9,076,724 
13,455,417 
16,742,100 
14,348,897 
11,776,079 
16,188,019 
19,359,562 
21,006,908 
17,924,295 
21,770,346 
20,652,085 
19,531,311 
21,651,459 
19,599,581 
27,006,890 
29,661,967 
26.747,020 
24,096,950 
22,802,746 
22,577,154 
24,690,478 
23,437,376 
23,190,220 
25,304,846 
27,224,850 
29,570,659 
31,226,934 
27,734,857 
26,131,991 
30,744,497 
29,579,227 
35,021.017 
38,752,648 
33,708,290 
33,147,614 
32,639,077 
33,212,310 
33,525,935 
36,297,671 
33,768,646 
33,821,701 
35,659,902 
38,945,763 
44,400,195 
38,043.617 
41,137,872 
50,755,027 
66,894,131 
75,159,781 
82,1.57,174 
83,583,874 
76,661,680 
93,246,820 
108,894,894 
132,310,451 
146,147,993 
124,539,909 
99.323,957 
180,175,374 
259,480,371 
314,564,482 


Asia. 


81,177,846 

556,881 

3,289,000 

1,. 845,224 

2.286,290 

3,051,720 

3,516,195 

11,067,921 

8.335,568 

6,697,723 

7,742,987 

9,772,558 

8,529,596 

11,799,410 

11,449,618 

13,844,105 

16,947,124 

10,972,064 

7,781.138 

13,965,166 

18,727,094 

15,087,695 

13,972,305 

15,528,567 

27,449,945 

28,998,343 

11,752,969 

11,645,703 

12,917,348 

18,393,671 

16,348,742 

16,913,978 

20.739,972 

21,980,999 

19,322,172 

18,929,152 

18,439,626 

19,696,820 

25,553,308 

19,590,350 

16,222,354 

20,872.761 

17,325,057 

25,630,029 

39,274,905 

44,707.791 

48,360,161 

64,913,807 

49,390,712 

63,944,077 

58,359.016 

60,151,347 

128,504,610 

105,451,610 

92,703,664 

101.784,832 

71,792,187 

60,861,813 

85,422,428 

n7,461,«35 

115,056,620 

113,425,616 

114,470,493 

278,610,881 

380,249,708 

447,456,515 


Oceania. 


$14,112 

227,560 

.     8,906 

93,668 

454,814 

208,129 

4,673,429 

5,373,497 

4,075,677 

3,810,725 

4,633,702 

6,444,017 

7,552,117 

7,675,428 

0.229,659 

5,992,691 

7,027.415 

4,334,991 

3,307,841 

3,613,780 

4,677,457 

4,493,916 

4,276,979 

4,771,212 

7,345,929 

8,607,644 

9,900,550 

6,846,698 

9,506,577 

12,460,664 

13,571,721 

13,105,604 

13,605,468 

14,777,407 

13,867,552 

14,746,065 

16,239,403 

16,460,269 

18,621,801 

15,572,767 

11,199,477 

11,914,182 

13,109,231 

17,197  229 

22,652,773 

22,003,022 

29,875,015 

43,391,275 

35,392,401 

34,258,041 

37,468,512 

32,850,681 

33,079,446 

35,141.751 

41,186,193 

46,789,201 

41,389,788 

60,890,087 

66,060,813 

71,936,513 

79,102,845 

83,568,417 

77,764,725 

98,775,828 

109,314,490 

134,889,500 


Africa. 


$1,110,374 

1,407,828 

305,968 

233.601 

707,563 

977,284 

1,934,130 

3,227,760 

2,330.154 

1,900,779 

2,783,989 

2,351,772 

2,412,202 

2,385,304 

2,91j6,233 

2,732,053 

1,714,213 

3,414,768 

3,203,113 

4,005,140 

3,524,474 

3.037,144 

3,470,782 

4,814,382 

4,271,788 

4,770,729 

4,7.''>8,701 

5,084,466 

5,377,878 

0,. 569,319 

5,052,480 

3,254,441 

4,103,962 

3,280,994 

3,522,716 

3,612,063 

4,248,333 

5,082,140 

5,250,235 

5,778,083 

5,838,487 

5,577,285 

7,074,656 

13,870,760 

16,953,127' 

17,515,730 

18,594,424 

19,469,849 

25,542,618 

33,468,605 

38,436,853 

24,230,126 

18,540,603 

19,562,340 

16,511,026 

20,340,565 

17,035,434 

18,551,380 

23,607,107, 

24,043,424 

29,088,917 

27,901.515 

28,519,751 

43,591,031 

.52,733,064 

55,423,368 


Exports  to  separate  countries  in  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  were,  valued  In  dollars,  as  lollow.s: 

Europe — Austria-Hungary,  nothing:  Azores  and  Madeira  Islands,  179,514;  Belgium.  91,238,638; 
Bulgaria,  nothing;  Denmarlc,  4,969,542;  Finland,  68,360;  France.  890,481,513;  Germany,  nothing;  Gibraltar, 
6,488,018;  Greece,  2:573,882;  Iceland  and  Faroe  Isies,  2,019,288:  Italy,  477,530,702;  Malta,  etc.,  147,785; 
Netherlands,  11,188,021;  Norway,  25,211,242;  Portugal,  21,68i;-567;  Roumania,  310,774;  Russia,  116,705.- 
346;  Serbia,  Montenegro  and  Albania,  17,497;  Spain,  67.183,288,  Sweden,  4,122,550;  Switzerland,  21 ,219,405; 
Turkey,  nothing.     United  Kingdom— England,  1,848,372,491;  Scotland,  136,084,411;  Ireland,  10,437,358. 

North  America — Bermuda,  2,280,277;  British  Honduras,  2,425.184;  Canada,  778,509,792;  Greenland, 
13,192;  Miquelon,  557,324;  Newfoundland  and  Labrador,  9,656,144;  British  West  Indies,  23,210,946; 
Danish  West  Indies,   1,807,344;  Dutch  West  Indies,  1,622,796,  French  West  Indies,  6,381,127. 

South  America — British  Guiana,  6,269,778;  Dutch  Guiana,  1,076,483;  French.  Guiana,  761,906. 

Asia— Aden,  257,764;  China,  43,480,623;  China  (leased  territory),  6,026,648;  Chosen,  1,068,735;  British 
India,  42,381,902;  Straits  Settlements,  8,798,297;  Dutch  East  Indies,  19,777,504;  French  East  Indies, 
316,790;  Portuguese  East  Indies,  8,663:  Hongltong.  20,217,638;  Japan,  267,730,637;  Persia,  119,714; 
Russia,  34,718,541;  Siam,  1,146,484;  Turkey,  305,557. 

Oceania — Australia,  66,581,501;  New  Zealand,  17,378,678;  French  Oceania,  1,266,965;  German  Oceania, 
487,321;  Philippines,  48,423,400. 


United  States  Imparts,  by  Grand  Divisions. 


357 


UNITED    STATES    IMPORTS,  BY    GRAND    DIVISIONS. 

(By  Grand  Divisions  of  the  World.) 


Year. 


Imports  From — 


Europe. 


No.  America.   So.  America 


Asia. 


Oceania. 


Africa. 


1800.. 

1830.. 

1840.. 

1850. . 

1855.. 

I860.. 

1861.. 

1862., 

1863.. 

1864., 

1865. 

1866., 

1867. 

1868. 

1869. 

1870., 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

1876. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

1889. 

1890. 

1891. 

1892. 

1893. 

1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

1900. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 


546,857,960 
40,841.420 
64,146,814 
124,954.302 
f  165.079,384 
216,831,353 
203,682,864 
116,982,504 
148,292,951 
179,731,649 
109,603,619 
266,266,170 
253,670,735 
198,967.488 
244.939,755 
249.540.283 
297.359.849 
365,300,332 
361,521,976 
315,819.123 
287.201,034 
234,331.710 
239.093.260 
217.334,822 
216.027.113 
370,821,782 
340,727,631 
397,581.413 
409.713.125 
370.956,601 
318,733,328 
357.538.465 
390.728.002 
407.051,875 
403,421,058 
449,987,266 
459,305,372 
391,628,469 
458,450,093 
295,077,865 
383.645,813 
418,639,121 
430,192,205 
305,933,691 
353,884,534 
440,567,314 
429,620,452 
475,161.941 
547,226,887 
498,697,379 
540,773.092 
633.292,184 
747,291,253 
608.014,147 
654.322.918 
806,270,280 
763,167.760 
819.585,326 
892,866,384 
895.602.868 
614.354.645 
616.252.749 
610.470,670 
411,578,494 


$32,116,092 
17,548,892 
22,627,639 
24,136,879 
44,781,394 
75,082,583 
68,934.936 
50,927,847 
58,256,053 
90,699,407 
83,912,382 
109,989,347 
88,863,182 
100,002,918 
114,772,964 
126,544,611 
135,979,954 
145,321,478 
156,604,503 
156,527,068 
132,035,363 
118,188,297 
130,190,687 
122,980,267 
112,565,940 
130,077,225 
134,198,166 
156,622,388 
146,897,620 
136,321,361 
117,450,701 
125,431,516 
130,790,843 
139,818,918 
150,865,817 
148,368,706 
163,226,079 
174,054,181 
183,732,712 
166,962,559 
133,915,682 
126,877,126 
105,924,053 
91,376,807 
112,150,911 
130,035,221 
145,158,104 
151,076,524 
189,736,475 
198,778,953 
227,229,145 
235,353,322 
263,576,349 
238,815,898 
253,999,920 
306,767,486 
305,496,793 
334,072,039 
361,943,659 
427,399,354 
473,079,796 
591,895,543 
766,112,537 
918,488,901 


$6,239,176 

9,420,586 

16,647,637 

27,894,198 

35,992,719 

33,264,256 

21,913,043 

22,358,438 

33,082,797 

22,930,809 

32,136,785 

35,795,302 

41,377,712 

41,844,782 

43,596,045 

55,032,487 

56,163,696 

67,246,902 

67,520,034 

74,247,631 

65,730,123 

67,825,859 

69,203,408 

59,174,974 

82,126,922 

80,627,308 

81.291,936 

76,736,983 

75,753,960 

65,289,956 

65,875,425 

79,764,191 

84,356,398 

92,135,052 

90,006,144 

118,733,668 

150,727,759 

102,207,815 

100,147,107 

112,167,120 

108,828,462 

107,389,405 

92,091,694 

86,587,893 

93,666,774 

110,367,342 

119,785,756 

107,428,323 

120,364,113 

150.795,800 

140,422,876 

160,165,537 

124,998,590 

163,878,724 

196,164,786 

182,623,750 

215,089,316 

217,734,629 

222,677,075 

261,489,563 

391,562,018 

542,212,820 

567,276,702 


$11,560,810 

5,531,737 

9,696,639 

10,315,486 

18,288,328 

26,201,603 

22,076,660 

11,635,861 

17,810,728 

17,403,933 

11,248,583 

19,219,340 

26,672,233 

23,806,412 

27,405,349 

31,413,378 

41,200,224 

54,497,477 

61,764,489 

43,608,490 

45,220,249 

47,037,905 

41,521,087 

42,834,123 

46,247,481 

67,008,793 

65,289,448 

61,419,192 

60,509,565 

54,042,233 

52,200,475 

58,521,909 

63,212,870 

61.691,675 

63,600,391 

67,506,833 

72,272,222 

80,138,251 

87,624,446 

66,186,397 

77,626,364 

89,592,318 

87,294,597 

92,594,.593 

107,091,214 

139,842,330 

117,677,611 

129,682,651 

147,702,374 

143,509,153 

161,982,991 

180,095,671 

212,475,427 

181,167,616 

197,548,027 

193,155,344 

213,449,730 

225,468,250 

276,494,777 

286,952,486 

247,770,103 

437,181,464 

615,217,463 

826,597,642 


$142,969 

384,887 

602,447 

1,401,340 

3,575,574 

3,495,226 

4,434,897 

2,269,881 

2,905,002 

4,146,008 

3,572,343 

7,410,768 

9,996,737 

5,278,531 

6,837,062 

1,423,212 

1,438,565 

5,263,288 

4,458,688 

2,767,349 

4,982,781 

2,838,241 

4,108,001 

3,874,335 

4,043,711 

14,130,604 

7,621,302 

11,335,718 

12,259.856 

24,628,961 

19,470,646 

23,531,402 

23,215,056 

26,472,885 

29,604,059 

28,356,568 

25,621,134 

23,133,062 

25,997,378 

21,457.923 

17,450,926 

24,614,668 

24,400,439 

26,859,230 

26,997,877 

34,611,108 

11,395,195 

14,166,461 

21,043,527 

20,310,998 

25,388,421 

24,769,658 

29,785,393 

25,054,866 

27,062,008 

37,099,795 

30,274,452 

36,464,115 

37,543,441 

42,144,398 

52,522,552 

96,225,991 

65,328,379 

146,205,707 


$551,496 

308,797 

646,869 

682,151 

1,849,642 

3,798,518 

3,256,540 

2,042,593 

3,296,748 

4,499,101 

3,166,431 

2,617,944 

2.833.382 

2,191.747 

1.514.343 

9.860,058 

10,482,629 

13,792,495 

12.020,589 

9,619,184 

10,219,095 

7,951,595 

9,351,512 

10,645,891 

7,718,556 

3,789,420 

14,200,773 

16,388,927 

16,663,765 

5,994,577 

4,382,223 

4.537,419 

4.608.806 

4.565.363 

5,505.275 

5.084.892 

5.754.721 

7,720,740 

8,388,478 

5,162.771 

7.164.060 

11.172.979 

9.529,713 

7,193,639 

10,436,060 

11,218,437 

8,953,461 

13.447.615 

12.581.651 

9.426,776 

11,343,622 

12,628,735 

21,127,466 

16,290,675 

15,108,627 

17,489,739 

27,213,620 

22,585,888 

26,425,344 

19,149,476 

24,953,081 

64,765,745 

60,013,316 

75,911,957 


Hawaiian  Islands  not  included  since  1900. 

The  countries  whence  the  Imports  came  in  1918  (fiscal),  with  the  valuations,  expressed  '^  doUars.  were 
Jig  follows-  Aii^a-Huneary  12  766;  Belgium,  80,053;  France.  75,638,078;  Germany.  64,094;  Italy, 
30.0lt349':  Ntt^Snds".  ft  3'^'6.633?Norwa|,^  3,235,020;  Russia  In  Ev^ope,  15.146-f  ^if  glher' mI'Iico^ 
Sweden,  10,636.354;  Switzerland.  18,862.990;  Unital  Kingdom.  190,082456;  Canada,  434  254^^^^ 
140  801097-  Ciiba  264,024,006;  Argentina,  195,633,348;  Brazil,  113,511,954;  Chile,  141,075,704,  OMn|,. 
116  644981:  British  East  Indies,  296,606,132;  Japan.  284,945,439;  Australia  and  New  Zealand.  61.308,263, 
Philippine  Islands.  78,101,412;  Egypt.  20.907,958. 


EXPORTS  (Continued  from  Bottom  of  Page  356.) 
Africa— Abvssinla  2  000;  Belgian  Congo,  695,941;  British  West  Africa,  8,120,828;  British  South  Africa. 
35  223  720-  BriSE^t  Africkri,518,891;  Cabary  Isles.  226,232;  Egypt,  3,149,994:  French  Africa  2,102,443. 
German  Africa,  6,842;  ItS  Africa,  421;  Liberia.  151,270;  Madagascar.  149,344;    Morocco.  958,889. 
Portuguese  Africa,  3,099,287;  Spanish  Africa,  17,266. 


358 


Porto  Rico  Production  and  Exj)orts — 1901-1917. 


UNITED    STATES    EXPORTS,  BY    CLASSES    OF    MATERIALS. 


Fiscal  Year. 


Crude   Mate- 
rials For  Use 
in  Manu- 
facturing. 


Foodstuffs  in 

Crude  Con- 

dit'n,  &  Food 

Animals. 


Foodstuffs 
Partly  or 
Wholly  Man- 
ufactured. 


Manufactures 
For  Further 
Use  In  Manu- 
facturing, 


Manufactures 

Ready  For 
Consumption. 


Miscel- 
laneous. 


1820. 
1830. 
1840. 
1850. 
1855. 
1860. 
1861 . 
1862. 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888; 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
190.S. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


831,246,382 
36,482,266 
75,488,4:21 
83,984,707 
108,476,851 
216,009,648 
57,014,269 
17,814,659 
27,893,453 
28,282,245 
33,852,720 
227,625,800 
166,120,000 
132,450,676 
144,891,886 
213,439,991 
220,995,559 
194,458,406 
231,904,077 
228,149,732 
206,271,795 
202,247,842 
200,821,765 
213,128,093 
198,687,747 
238,787,934 
278,918,722 
233,294,072 
288,841,684 
239,510,224 
248,611,181 
254,409,407 
250,236,436 
271,275,629 
286,235,227 
304,566,922 
346,848,321 
315,096,548 
247,289,240 
276,068,989 
263,982,189 
251,817,571 
296,834,858 
286,311,334 
277,723,374 
325,244,296 
397,417,247 
373,307,140 
408,442,137 
461,424,464 
472,114,493 
500,536,700 
593,145,135 
556,681,462 
520,907,436 
565,934,957 
713,018,206 
723,008,839 
731,758,513 
792,716  109 
510,455,540 
535,952,043 
731,990.339 
897,328,794 


$2,474,822 

2,724,181 

4,564,532 

7,535,764 

10,919,803 

12,106,447 

48,795,865 

55,893.100 

45,166,008 

24,519,M)5 

13,974,576 

16,819,200 

20,609,360 

34.578,301 

25,428,831 

41,852,630 

48,001,080 

59,356,592 

69,853,173 

119,143,282 

79,077,679 

94,181,630 

90,636,898 

154,809,695 

188,526,959 

266,108,950 

241,641,847 

155,008,497 

163,196,443 

130,395,872 

123,326,867 

100,799,692 

125,4.')3,686 

86,368,408 

98,847,455 

132,073,183 

106,155,721 

262,455,846 

153,277,859 

133,196,928 

99,144,413 

128,550,669 

181,420,814 

305,108,915 

232,903,066 

225,906,246 

245,836,198 

184,786,389 

185,308,064 

135,747,224 

118,185,098 

177,216,467 

167,348,227 

189,051,824 

135,693,409 

109,828,320 

103,401,553 

99,899,270 

181,907,266 

137,495,121 

506,993,179 

380,638,102 

531,866,009 

375,541,940 


$10,085,366 

9,556,992 

15,936,108 

20,017,162 

33,009,127 

38,624,949 

53,736,172 

70,249,524 

66.047,010 

54,909,077 

47,981.472 

40,684,464 

34,058,150 

42,190,718 

43,679.064 

50,919,666 

66,862,589 

84,357,982 

100,857,593 

114,038,605 

110,292,780 

121,615,589 

150,101.362 

170,277,023 

174,230,816 

193,352,723 

226,386,821 

178,002,738 

180,392,822 

194,703,245 

201,800,801 

162,689,021 

175,784,781 

169,872,314 

174,504,227 

224,756,580 

226,448,303 

250,438,545 

247,075,061 

240,846,142 

219,090,299 

219,413,574 

235,051,930 

284,879,827 

304,754,736 

319,696,334 

337,152,992 

328,831,350 

323,244,697 

308,836,077 

283,065,098 

347,385,463 

345,706,609 

331,961,663 

302,.555,341 

259,259,654 

282,016,883 

318,838,493 

321,204,373 

293,218,336 

454,575,404 

599,059,151 

737,795,334 

1153,448,051 


84,867,379 

4,117,606 

4,841,101 

6,060,900 

11,304,094 

12,641,625 

8,400,921 

8,126,464 

11,393,244 

0,801,090 

10,650,288 

12,357,000 

15,065,010 

17,017,616 

13,887,662 

13,711,708 

13,858,056 

21,087,265 

24,976,655 

26,026,258 

27,458,05* 

31,459,259 

31,513,556 

28,685,480 

30,169,002 

29,044,159 

32,820,713 

37,164,800 

37,996,198 

37,800,437 

39,437,313 

34,037,715 

36,732,490 

40,1-76,023 

42,712,932 

46,454,992 

47,961,372 

50,284,241 

49,070,703 

67,145,189 

62,253,782 

76,219.728 

98,284,243 

101,990,563 

117.730.260 

153,275,660 

148,350,529 

132,206,324 

140,666.864 

174,876,659 

209,926,174 

226,210,513 

259,442,028 

261,105,883 

231,144,267 

267.765,916 

309,151.989 

348,149,524 

408,806.949 

374,224,210 

355,862.329 

657,923,305 

1191,262,523 

1203,916,333 


32,925,165 

5,461,589 

10,584,079 

17,162,206 

28,832.786 

35,811,383 

35,503,955 

26,918,451 

33,447,115 

25,344,570 

30,120,816 

39,231,280 

43,505,080 

42,935.166 

47,139,144 

56,329,137 

75,551,340 

05,306,501 

76,059,102 

81,124.681 

74.503.493 

74,450,509 

112,673,046 

110,440,970 

103,254,499 

92,774,139 

102,458,449 

124,835,386 

122,448,649 

118.172,882 

110,818,865 

111,627,312 

112,417,839 

113,892,689 

123,183,883 

132.527,050 

140,349,741 

132,792,441 

129,938,284 

135,659,274 

143,609,893 

181,789,157 

212,959,122 

222.537,358 

262,656,583 

331,746,496 

317,745,673 

321,946,630 

327,468,629 

348.734,801 

402,049,798 

459,812,655 

480,681,423 

489,469,958 

440,271,747 

499,215,329 

598,367,852 

672,268,163 

778,297.360 

724,908,000 

807,465,511 

1,998,298,249 

2,942,577,415 

2,191,137,089 


S84,526 

182,244 

246,320 

139,494 

208,474 

988,371 

1,448,434 

641,826 

2,056,482 

587,940 

360,376 

800,358 

429,209 

217,423 

140,210 

363,341 

2,530,284 

3,920,385 

1,382,839 

950,963 

1,680.299 

1,627,418 

3,923,597 

3,368,007 

3,471,767 

3,878,448 

1 ,699,395 

4,934,240 

5,347,936 

4,382,192 

2,687.919 

2,401,382 

2,397,691 

2,277,041 

4,798,885 

4,915,101 

4,506,825 

4,664,390 

4,379,638 

7,288,415 

5,312,023 

.'1,409,788 

7,456,636 

9,463,916 

8,163,203 

14,894,539 

13,960,167 

14,404,028 

7,100.911 

5,559,792 

6,403,980 

6,791,584 

7,394,612 

6,515,567 

7,783,393 

8,079,822 

7,592,542 

8,165,539 

8,531,897 

7,122,249 

80,826,502 

100,306,729 

91,672,430 

25,787,471 


PORTO    RICO    PRODUCTION    AND    EXPORTS-1901-1917. 


Fiscal 
Year. 


1901.. 
1902.. 
1903.. 
1904.. 
1905. . 
1906.. 
1907.. 
1908.. 
1909. . 


Sugar, 
Exports. 


Dollars. 

4,715,611 

5,890,302 

7,470,122 

8,690,514 

11,925,804 

14,184,667 

14,770,682 

18,690.604 

18,432,446 


Cigars, 
Exports 


Dollars. 
306,115 
1,549,235 
1,753,793 
1,460,496 
2,152,051 
3,074,226 
4,241,410 
3,414,140 
4,383,893 


Coffee, 
Product' n 


Oranges, 
Exports. 


Pounds. 
12,157,240 
26,906,399 
35,127,685 
33,767,460 
16,849,730 
28,290,322 
38,756,750 
35,256,489 
28,489,236 


Dollars. 
84,475 
51,364 
230,821 
352,646 
125,422 
295,633 
469,312 
630,720 
401,912 


Fiscal 
Year. 


1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


Sugar, 
Exports. 


Dollars. 
23,545,922 
24,479,346 
31,544,063 
26,619,158 
20,240,335 
27,278.754 
45,809.445 
54,015,903 


Cigars, 
Exports. 


Dollars. 
4,480,030 
6,355,223 
5.086,711 
5,800,686 
5,597,276 
6,016,122 
5,531,535 
7,843,010 


CoBee, 
Product' n 


Pounds. 

45.209,792 
33,936,021 
40,146,365 
49,774,197 
50,211,947 
51,125,620 
32,144,283 
39,616,146 


Oranges, 
Exports. 


DoUars. 
582,716 
703,969 
584,414 
740,091 
752,180 
378,181 
790,797 
1,009,737 


The  1917  coffee  crop  was  valued  at  $5,892,081,  at  15.16  cents  a  pound.     The  1917  pineapple  exports 
amounted  to  $916,415;  cocoanuts,  $438,564;  grapefruit,  $939,677;  sweet  potato  production,  70,000,000  lbs. 


United  States  Imports,  hy  Classes  of  Materials. 


359 


UNITED    STATES    IMPORTS,    BY    CLASSES    OF    MATERIALSi 

(Includes  both  free  and  dutiable,  all  classes.) 


Fiscal  Year. 


1821 

1830 

1840 

1850 

1855 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1863 

1864 

1865 

1866 

1867 

1868 

1869 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1875 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907...... 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 , 

1917 

1918 


Crude  Mate- 
rials For  Use 
in  Manu- 
facturing. 


$1 

4, 
11, 
11, 

26, 

39, 

29, 

31, 

46, 

38, 

28, 

46, 

41, 

39, 

47, 

55, 

06, 

91, 

94, 

73, 

78, 

66, 

69, 

72, 

73, 

131, 

114, 

131, 

133, 

119, 

106, 

128, 

143, 

155, 

163, 

170, 

184, 

188 

209. 

130, 

180, 

197, 

196, 

189, 

208 

276 

248 

303 

330 

320 

389 

414, 

477 

363. 

451 

566 

511 

555, 

635 

632 

575 

948 

1109 

1227 


,983.706 
,214,825 
,510,245 
,711,266 
,151,458 
691,797 
259,172 
928,211 
958,837 
746,439 
777,028 
114,499 
684,616 
366,270 
663,754 
615,202 
799,655 
715,359 
293,376 
366,563 
891,769 
370,245 
592,668 
485,326 
328,788 
861,617 
244,631 
356,113 
612,450 
150.641 
774.553 
434.759 
361.050 
057,432 
548.106 
637.250 
,175,197 
,317,595 
277.112 
086,011 
939,902 
646,852 
159,371 
322,244 
565,691 
241.152 
006.751 
001.868 
491.084 
,794,431 
160.658 
,687,999 
,027.174 
482.258 
359.259 
,270.770 
352.140 
,986,041 
,210,201 
865,860 
357,144 
.825,500 
,704,565 
.283,280 


Foodstuffs  in 

Crude  Con- 

dit'n,  &  Food 

Animals. 


$6,081,641 

7,382,274 

15,273,321 

18,011,659 

32,935,329 

45,743,826 

40,177,496 

32.495,120 

30,454,691 

44,258,461 

35,137,244 

60,669,119 

50,697,276 

51,719,723 

52,924,832 

54,081,091 

63,618,.372 

76,745,348 

83,364,065 

94,264,481 

90,018,885 

94,186,516 

86,134,465 

84,399.969 

82,283,989 

100,297,040 

102,486,852 

104,947,672 

93,091,358 

103,010,830 

93,345,583 

91,588,644 

106,362,234 

116,087,107 

123,130,984 

128,480,142 

150,639,399 

175,558,861 

131,663,968 

133,309,989 

141,377,238 

130,002,310 

128,379,785 

103,984,608 

98,933,256 

97,916,293 

110,385,208 

120,280,302 

119,202,674 

132.223.895 

146,130,903 

134.315.448 

149,747,693 

145,577.427 

164.110.674 

144,776,636 

181.194.863 

230,358,230 

211,746,500 

247,947,621 

223,929,564 

251,886,746 

335,.573,042 

372,081,751 


Foodstuffs 
Partly  or 
Wholly  Man- 
ufactured. 


$10,820,814 

9,653,971 

15,188,845 

21,465,776 

34,137,837 

59,837,674 

53,742,740 

34,566,127 

35,167,621 

51,557,954 

48,030,634 

72.481,508 

65,387,466 

77,878,959 

95,073,003 

96,081,635 

103,225,752 

121,746,757 

122,063,864 

119,618,137 

113,145,852 

91,927,329 

114,579,052 

102,034,859 

102,659,926 

118,125,216 

123,380,388 

139,438,506 

142,127,926 

130,778,286 

102,937,933 

112,771,436 

111,714,382 

111,048,075 

122,254,266 

133,332,031 

147,721,884 

139,794,773 

153,739,181 

155,348,824 

107,026,180 

118,805,703 

129,244,951 

86,091,010 

123,448,135 

133,027,3V4 

125,540,654 

95,350,256 

116,620,623 

118,222,862 

145,355,839 

140,358.114 

158,656,263 

147,008,870 

165,700,920 

181,566,572 

172,006,501 

196,100,608 

194,243,220 

227,644,329 

285,725,091 

310,938,181 

343,435,475 

380,338,011 


Manufactures 
For  Further 
Use  in  Manu- 
facturing. 


$4,079,064 

5,152,486 

11,359,196 

26,163,152 

34,720,080 

34,899,303 

32,613,807 

23,773,633 

35,148,512 

52,280,953 

29,902,363 

55,840,774 

55,665,853 

53,435,379 

62,650,909 

55,569,071 

72,228,206 

87,606,647 

96,641,675 

71,913,498 

63,411,606 

51,087,445 

48,531,632 

46,500,681 

49,692,449 

110,779,516 

87,790.890 

98,623,766 

98.755.423 

94,698,249 

78,254,677 

91,539,244 

120,079,754 

121,605,094 

115,079,918 

116,924,080 

136,446,309 

112,729,303 

135,608,418 

82,894,732 

96,486,622 

101,070,937 

88,490,406 

79,288,417 

91,953,914 

134,222,045 

127,576,924 

147,656,292 

195,750,847 

160,233,890 

177,827,960 

220,298,751 

274,096,464 

196,248,409 

222, 101. 622 

285,138,373 

287,785,652 

293,739,134 

349,401,928 

319,275,488 

237,176,522 

356,857,137 

477,730,509 

552,058,236 


Manufactures 

Ready  For 
Consumption. 


330,998,900 
35,734,837 
44,300,005 
95,312,499 
128,959,080 
172,128,991 
132,272,902 
65,697,925 
95,009,168 
128,449,577 
96,138,098 
198,128,401 
!  180,516,320 
133,432,080 
156,555,462 
173,614,888 
203,483,271 
237,928,516 
232,108,020 
192,431,867 
177,891,440 
145,691,808 
125,654,539 
124,785,193 
130,145,818 
196,587,405 
203,725,925 
238,716,691 
242,945,562 
207,771,072 
182,543,076 
194,791,568 
202,800,073 
211,218,652 
212,482,518 
230,685,581 
217,577,775 
204,543,857 
228,764,866 
148,798,021 
199,543,108 
226,639,759 
217,843,918 
153,025,210 
169,516,630 
203,126,341 
205,505,580 
231,420,820 
257,757,184 
252,857,673 
252,372,650 
307,801,154 
364,192,884 
331,617,926 
299,106,235 
367,723,367 
361,422,180 
360,018,963 
408,178,704 
449,318,214 
335,876,628 
311,870,962 
377.256,553 
394,671,791 


Miscel- 
laneous. 


.$556,709 

582,563 

630,094 

845.174 

904,91S 

1,314,528 

1,244,425 

895,661 

596.986 

1,153,899 

760,213 

1,577,765 

1,809.565 

1,604,029 

2,638,419 

998,521 

10,868,428 

10,852,450 

13,665,210 

15,811,796 

9,645,884 

11,477,847 

6,830,770 

6,845,504 

7,666,805 

10,303,952 

11,035,942 

11,556,826 

12.648,195 

12,288,615 

13,671.507 

16,310.485 

8.002,275 

8,940,754 

8,635,860 

9,251,325 

8,355,632 

6,458,073 

7,347,37? 

4,557,045 

6,596,91s 

5,559,113 

4,611,98? 

4,338.165 

4.730.863 

5.407.979 

6,157,04a 

5,611,41o 

5,896,82k 

6,754,62o 

6,665,061 

9,100,98o 

10,700,947 

10,406,902 

9.541.5l| 

11,471,712 

13.454,76q 

17,061,95a 

14,227,68? 

16,874.14= 

16,104,79? 

17,504,984 

15,655.04i 

19,026,334 


Merchandise  imports  free  of  duty,  which  are  included  in  the  above  table,  were  valued  as  follows— 
(1821).    82,017,423;    (1830).   $4,590,281;    (1840),    $48,313,391;    (1850).    $18,081,590;    (1855),   $36,430,524; 
1860     S73.741,«r9:  (1870)    $20  140;786;  (1880),  $208,301,863;   (1890),  $265,668,629;   (1900),  $367,236,866: 
(1910),  $755,311,296;  (1916),  $1,492,647,350;  (|917).  81,848,840,520, 

Of  the  merchandise  imports  free  of  duty,  crude  materials  for  use  in  manufacturing,  were  valued  as 
follows— (1821),  $1,424,755;  (1830),  $3,309,771;  (1840),  $9,698,751;  1850),  ■'5407,141;  (1855),  $2,163,411: 
(I860);  $16;429  453  (1870)  $13,432,645;  (i880),  $88,232,538;  (1890),  $107,346,613;  (1900).  $210,391,745; 
(1910).  $436,257,101;   (1916),  $851,888,721;   (1917),  $1,009,093,390. 

Of  the  merchandise  imports  free  of  duty,  foodstuffs  in  crude  condition,  and  food  animals,  were  valued 
as  follows-(1840),  $15,213,743;  (1850),  $15,803,449;  (1855),  $28  503  915;  (1860).  $42,126,415;  1870. 
$198,669;  (1880),  $85,524,106;  (1890),  $106,515,414;  (1900),  $68,722,439;  (1910),  $113,681,442;  (1916), 
$217,203,290:   (1917),  $268,597,470. 

Of  the  merohandise  imports  free  of  duty,  manufactures  for  further  use  in  manufacturing  were  valued 
as  follows— (1821).  $487,697;  (1830),  $1,210,985;  (1830).  $4  962,487:  (1850),  $764,223;  (m 
(1860),   $6,432,914:    (1870),   $2,518,320;    (1880),   $15,404,865;    (1890),   $19,274,580;    (1900).   $45,577,831, 
(1910)    $123,295,107:  (1916),  $255,617,750;   (1917).  $361,886,K6. 


360 


Weight  of  a  Farm  Horse. 


UNITED    STATES    EXPORTS    BY    SEA   AND   LAND. 


Fiscal 
Year. 


1830 
1840 
1850 
1855 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
1864, 
1865 
1866 
1867, 
1868. 
1869, 
1870 
1871, 
1872, 
1873 
1874, 
1875, 
1876, 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894, 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908". 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
J.912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1017. 
1918. 


By  Sea. 


In  American 
Vessels. 


563,882,719 

105,622,257 

99,615,041 

203,250,562 

279,082,902 

179,972,733 

125,421,318 

132,127.891 

102,849,409 

93,017,750 

213,671,466 

180,625,368 

175,016,348 

153,154,748 

199,732,324 

190,378,462 

168,044,799 

171,506,758 

174,424,216 

156,385,000 

167,686,467 

104,826,214 

166,551,624 

128,425,339 

109,029,209 

116,955,324 

96,962,919 

104,418,210 

98,652,828 

82,001,691 

78,405,686 

72,991,253 

67,332,175 

83,022,198 

77,502,138 

78,968,047 

81,033,844 

70,670,073 

73,707,023 

62,277,581 

70,392,813 

79,941,823 

67,792,150 

78,562,088 

90,779,252 

84,343,122 

83,631,985 

91,028,200 

97,482,054 

129,958,375 

153,859,076 

141,780,310 

120,593,589 

108,129,142 

113,736,171 

133,565,552 

155,601,885 

187,938,254 

169,436,090 

290,597,071 

499,035,073 

794,604,353 

969,434,576 


In  Foreign 
Vessels. 


59,966,789 

26,463,689 

52,283,679 

71,906,284 

121,039,394 

69,372,180 

104,517,667 

199,880,691 

237,442,730 

262,839,588 

351,754,928 

280,708,368 

301,886,491 

285,979,781 

329,786,978 

392,801,932 

393,929,579 

494,915,886 

533,885,971 

501,838,949 

'   492,215,487 

530,354,703 

569,583,564 

600,769,633 

720,770,521 

777,162,714 

641,460,967 

694,331,348 

615,287,007 

636,004,765 

581,973,477 

621,802,292 

606,474,964 

630,942,660 

747,376,644 

773,569,324 

916,023,675 

733,132,174 

769,212,122 

695,357,830 

751,083,000 

905,969,428 

1,090,406,476 

1,064,590,307 

1,193,220,689 

1,291,520,938 

1,174,263,079 

1,190,262,178 

1,210,608,328 

1,225,063,232 

1,396,270,084 

1,520,598,231 

1,549,628,630 

1,372,692,807 

1,402,524.390 

1,640,925,993 

1,728,790,688 

1,887,460,562 

1,878,323,769 

2,175,758,992 

3,327,030,418 

4,637,151,133 

4,132,546,767 


Total. 


873,849,508 

132,085,946 

151,998,720 

275.156,846 

400,122,296 

249,344,913 

229,938,985 

332,008,582 

340,292,139 

355,857,344 

565,426,394 

461,333,736 

476.902,839 

439,134,529 

529,519,302 

.583,180,394 

561,974,378 

666,482,644 

708,310,187 

658,224,015 

659,901,954 

695,180,917 

736,135,188 

729,194,972 

829,799,730 

894,118,038 

738,423,886 

798,749,558 

713,939,835 

718,006,456 

660,380,163 

694,793.545 

673,807,139 

713,964.858 

824,878,782 

852,557,371 

997,057,519 

803,802,247 

842,919.145 

757,635,411 

821,475,813 

985,911.251 

1,158,198,626 

1,143,152,395 

1,283,999,941 

1,375,864,060 

1,257,895,064 

1,281,290,378 

1,308,090,382 

1.355,021,607 

1,560,129.160 

1,662,378,541 

1,670,222,219 

1,480,821,949 

1,516,260,561 

1,774,491,485 

1,880,392.573 

2,075,398,816 

2,047,759,859 

2,466,356,063 

3,826,066,091 

5.431,755,486 

5,101,981,343 


Pet.  in 
Americ'n 
Vessels. 


86.5 
80.0 
65.4 
73.8 
70.0 
72.1 
.54.6 
39.8 
30.2 
20.1 
37.8 
39.2 
36.7 
34.9 
37.7 
32.7 
30.0 
25.7 
24.6 
23.8 
25.4 
23.7 


22. 

17. 

13. 

13. 

U 

13. 

13. 

11. 

11. 

10, 

10. 

11. 
9.4 
9.3 
8.1 
8.8 
8.7 
8.2 
8.5 
8.1 
5.9 
6.9 
7.1 
6.1 
6.6 
7.1 
7.5 
9.6 
9.9 
8.5 
7.2 
7.3 
7.5 
7.5 
8.1 
9.1 
8.3 

11.8 

13.0- 

14.6 

23.4 


By  Land 
Vehicles. 


§7,798,156 

10,015,089 

10.799,430 

8,509.205 

7.304.376 

6,324,487 

6,767,170 

7,511,365 

7,439,862 

5  838,928 

8,259.308 

12.118,371 

25,089,844 

26,573,774 

24.183.299 

19.144,667 

21.389,666 

22,147,368 

28,436.517 

32,949,902 

31,923,439 

33.220,629 

43,862,947 

49.221.427 

49.902,754 

61.131.125 

65.082.305 

73,283,704 

83,870.907 

110.483,141 

111,900,931 

123,824.337 

138,851,301 

152,736,889 

163.540,059 

193.735,340 

218,472,537 

190,-551,127 

182.189,155 

228,724,159 

274,828,714 

323,929,836 

390,485,334 

316,819,289 

302.233,277 

507.416,794 

795,408,564 

745,178,335 


Total  by  Land 
and  Sea. 


373,849,508 

132,085,946 

151.998,720 

275,156,846 

400,122,296 

21-9,344,913 

229,938,985 

3.32,008,582 

340.292,139 

355,857  344 

.565,426,394 

461,333,736 

476,902,839 

439.134,529 

■529,519,302 

590,978,550 

.'')7 1,989,407 

077.282,074 

716,819,392 

065,528,391 

0Gr>,226,441 

701,948,087 

743,046,553 

730,634,834 

835,638.658 

902,377,346 

7,50,542,257 

823,839,402 

740.513,609 

742,189,755 

679,524,830 

716,183,211 

695,9.54,507 

742,401,375 

857,828,684 

884,480,810 

1,030,278,148 

847,665,194 

892,140,672 

807.538,165 

882,606,938 

1,0.50,993,556 

1,231,482,330 

1,227,023,302 

1,394,483,082 

1,487,764,991 

1,381,719,401 

1,420,141,679 

1,460,827,271 

1,518,561,666 

1,743,864,500 

1,880,851,078 

1.860,773,346 

1,063,011,104 

1,744,984,720 

2,049,320,199 

2,204,322,409 

2,465,884,150 

2,364,579,148 

2,768,589,340 

4,333,482,885 

6,227,164,050 

5,847,159,678 


WORLD'S    PRODUCTION    OF   COTTON    IN    1917. 

(By  the  United  States  Department  of  Commerce.) 

The  world's  production  of  commercial  cotton,  exclusive  of  linters,  grown  in  1917,  as  compiled  from 
published  reports,  documents,  and  correspondence,  was  approximately  17.410,000  bales  of  500  pounds  net, 
while  the  consumption  of  cotton  (exclusive  of  linters  in  the  United  States)  for  the  year  ending  July  31, 
1917,  was  approximately  20,180,000  bales  of  500  pounds  net. 


WEIGHT    OP    A    FARM    HORSE. 

The  weight  of  a  mature  farm  horse,  average  for  the  United  States,  ia  1,203  pounds.  Washington, 
the  most  northwestern  State  of  the  Union,  has  the  highest  State  average,  1,350  pounds,  seconded  by  Maine, 
the  most  northeastern  State,  with  1,325  p.ounds.  Lightest  weight  horses  are  found  In  Florida,  the  most 
southeastern  State,  with  an  average  weigllt  of  850  pounds.  Matui-e  mules  on  farms  of  the  United  States 
average  956  pounds.  Washington  again  leads,  with  1.110  pounds,  followed  by  Or^on,  with  1,100  pounds. 
Lightest  mules  are  found  in  Mississippi,  where  the  average  is  865  pounds. 


Mississippi  River  Commerce. 


361 


U.  S.   IMPORTS    BY    SEA    AND    LAND. 


Fiscal 
Year. 


1860. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872 
1873, 
1874 
1875, 
1876 
1877, 
1878, 
1879, 
1880, 
1881, 
1882. 
1883 
1884, 
1885 
1886 
1887, 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
190S 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


BY  Sea. 


In  American 
Vessels. 


S228 
74, 
112 
117, 
122, 
138 
153 
163 
177 
174 
176 
157, 
143, 
151, 
146, 
143, 
149, 
133, 
130, 
136, 
135, 
112, 
118, 
121, 
123, 
120 
124 
127 
139 
127 
121, 
108, 
117, 
109, 
93 
82 
104 
93, 
102, 
123 
132, 
160 
168 
176, 
151 
150, 
147 
146 
170 
193 
198 
281 
449, 
848 


164,855 
385,116 
040,395 
209,536 
965,225 
802,024 
237,077 
285,710 
,286,302 
,739,834 
,027,778 
,872,726 
,389,704 
,834,067 
,499,282 
,590.353 
,317,368 
,631,146 
,266,826 
,002,290 
,046,207 
,861,052 
,942,817 
,365,493 
,525,298 
,782,910 
,948,948 
,471,678 
,139,891 
,095,434 
561,193 
,229,615 
299,074 
,133,454 
,535,867 
,050,118 
,304,940 
,055,493 
188,002 
.666,832 
253,065 
,649,571 
,488,129 
,550,716 
,919,733 
.528,075 
100,976 
640,912 
849,680 
094,242 
,923.666 
,334,841 
,872,543 
256,478 


In  Foreign 
Vessels. 


S134,001,399 
174,170,536 
333,471,763 
300,622,035 
248.659,.583 
300,512,231 
309.140,510 
363,020,644 
445,416,783 
471,806,765 
405,320,135 
382,949,568 
321,139,500 
329,565,833 
307,407,565 
310,499,599 
503,494,913 
491,840,269 
671,517,802 
564,175,576 
512,511,192 
443,513,801 
491.937,636 
543,392,216 
568.222.357 
586,120,881 
623,740,100 
676.511,763 
648,535,976 
695,184,394 
503.810,334 
590,538,362 
626,890,521 
619,784,338 
492,086,003 
581,673,550 
701,223,735 
683,015,858 
744,766,235 
835,844,210 
790,595.186 
878,138,230 
971,397.270 
1,163,698,060 
971,111,234 
1,090,001,007 
1,319.438,085 
1.289,510,573 
1,380,228,170 
1.504.567,867 
1.538,784,987 
1.244,934,571 
1,550,102,577 
1,706,482,324 


Total. 


8362,166,254 

248,555,652 

445,512,158 

417,831,571 

371,624,808 

437,314,255 

462,377,587 

526,306,354 

622,703,085 

646,546,599 

581,347,913 

540,822,294 

464,529,204 

481,399,900 

453,906,847 

454,089,952 

652,812,281 

625,471,415 

701,784,628 

700,177,866 

647.557,399 

556,377,853 

610,880.453 

664.757,709 

691,747,655 

706,903,791 

748,689,048 

803,983,441 

787,675,867 

822,279.828 

625,^71.527 

698,767,977 

744,189,595 

728,917,792 

585,621,870 

663,723,668 

805,528,675 

776,071,351 

846,954,237 

959,511,042 

922,848,251 

1,038,787,801 

1,139,885,399 

1,340,248,776 

1,123,030,907 

1,240,529,082 

1.466,539,061 

1,436.151,485 

1.551,077,850 

1,697,662,109 

1,737,708,653 

1.526,269,412 

1,999,975,120 

2,354,738,802 


Pet.  in 
Americ'n 
Vessels. 


63.0 
29.9 
25.2 
28.1 
33.1 
31.3 
33.1 
31.0 
28.5 
27.0 
30.3 
29.2 
30.9 
31. 


32 
31 
22 
21 
1 


19.4 
20.8 
20.3 
19.5 
18.3 
17.8 
17.1 
16.7 
15.9 
17.7 
15.5 
19.4 
15.5 
15.7 
15.0 
16.0 
12.4 
12 


12.0 


12. 

12. 

14.3 

15.5 

14.8 

13.2 

13.5 

12.1 

10.0 

10.2 

11.0 

11.4 


11. 
18. 
22.5 
27.5 


By  Land 
,  Vehicles. 


815,187,354 
17,635,681 
17,070,548 
14,513,335 
13,083,859 
12,148,667 
10,697,640 
12,965,999 
11.983,823 
15,142,465 
17,193,213 
22,854,946 
23,003,048 
20,140,294 
21,149,476 
24,555,683 
27,562,059 
32,209,459 
38,227,861 
40,621,361 
40,932,755 
39,726,595 
44,121,094 
29,623,095 
33,201,988 
35,535,079 
35,812,620 
30,427,784 
33,424,821 
44,412,509 
47,100,814 
56,366,711 
66,208,195 
68,239,120 
78,725,270 
86,677,047 
94,172,649 
71,310,825 
71,391,142 
90,408,369 
91,074,620 
102,187,084 
115,346,125 
156,217,004 
147,900,328 
197,908,390 
304,616,383 


Total  by  Land 
and  Sea. 


$362,166,254 

248,555,652 

445,512,158 

417,831,571 

371,624,808 

437,314,255 

462,377,587 

541,493,708 

640,338,766 

663,617,147 

595,861,248 

553,906,153 

476,677,871 

492,097,540 

466,872,8*6 

466,073,775 

667,954,746 

642.664,628 

724,639,574 

723,180,914 

667,697,693 

577,527,329 

635,436,136 

692,319,768 

723,957,114 

745,131,652 

789,310,109 

844,916,196 

827,402,462 

866,400.922 

654.994,622 

731,969,965 

779,724,674 

764,730,412 

616,049,654 

697,148,489 

849,941,184 

823,172,165 

903,320.948 

1,025,719,237 

991,087,371 

1,117,513,071 

1,226,562. 146 

1,434,421,125 

1,194,341,792 

1,311,920,224 

1,556.947.430 

1,527,226,105 

1,653,264,934 

1,813,008,234 

1,893,925,657 

1,674,169,740 

2,197,883,510 

2,659,355,185 


MISSISSIPPI    RIVER    COMMERCE. 

(From  reports  ol  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  War  Department.) 


Section   op  River 
AND  Year. 


Grain  | 
and  Its    Cot- 
Prod,      ton. 


St.  Louis  &  Cairo: 

1914 

1915 

-  1910 

Cairo  &  Memphis: 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Memp.  &,  Vicksb'g: 

1914 .^ 

1915 

1916 

Vickslv  a  &  N.  Orl's 

1914. 

1915 

1916 


Tons. 

17,909 
26,962 
13,044 

14,562 

12,708 

7,112 

16,590 
22,414 
13,175 

23,053 
94.350 
13.239 


Tons. 

1,089 
924 
285 

9,287 
30,968 
25,896 

17,213 
39,823 
30,565 

8,345 
8,315 
6,053 


Cot'n 

Seed  & 

Prod. 


Tons. 

790 
2,400 
1,027 

6,320 
6,980 
4,798 

26,057 
20,161 
16,338 

12,738 
9,622 
8,324 


Live 

Stock, 


Tons. 

5,758 

14,138 

6,580 

4,-075 
3,219 
2,506 

11,736 
15,355 
10,563 

2,550 
3,546 
3,331 


Coal  and 
Coke. 


Tons. 

12,492 
13,013 
62,723 

826,362 
981.431 

477.829 

682.104 
892,840 
379,201 

669,589 
895,420 
349,394 


Lum- 
ber. 


Tons. 

5,021 
15,092 
19,358 

27,662 
52,661 
26,795 

26,117 
52,602 
32,127 

19,880 
31,658 
70,812 


Logs. 


Tons. 

60.491 

31,064 

828,514 

298,658 
171,628 
184,270 

153,605 

76,965 

155,034 

122,619 
53,033 
77,626 


Gravel, 

Sand. & 

Stone. 


Tons. 

156,571 
668,471 
771,753 

65,641 
826,460 
429,779 

869,932 

892,940 

1,059,150 

392,838 
497,313 
290,457 


Oil. 


Tons. 

52 
21,857 
19,569 

2 
7,852 
1,054 

9,097 

38,579 

2,395 

956,784 

705,006 

1,201,581 


All  Other 

and 

Total. 


Tons. 

325,164 

809,232 

1,065,773 

1,321,081 
2.193,026 
1.205,647 

1,888,394 
2,198,814 
1,809,977 

2,343,623 
2,712,022 
2,234,238 


Each  stretch  is  treated 
will  appear  in  the  statistics 
the  four  stretches  does  not 


as  a  separate  river,  and  tonnage  carried  between  ports  on  different  stretches 
of  all  intervening  stretches;  consequently  the  sum  of  the  tonnage  carried  in 
represent  the  total  trafBc  on  the  river  as  a  whole. 


362    Value  of  Imports  for  Consum-ption  and  Duties— 1847-1917. 


VALUE    OF    IMPORTS    FOR    CONSUMPTION    AND    DUTIES,    1847-1917. 


Year. 

Free. 

Dutiable, 

Total, 

Per  Cent 

Total 
Duties. 
Dollars. 

Ad  Val. 
Rate  of 

Ad  Val. 
Rate  D'ty 

Imports 
Per  Cap. 
Dollars. 

(Fiscal.) 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

of 
Free. 

Duty 
Dutiaole 

Free  and 
Dutiable 

1847 

15,838,500 

100,419,095 

116,257,595 

13.62 

28,137,923 

26.86 
24.97 

22.98 

5.05 

1848 

14,946,012 

125,705,826 

140,651,838 

10.63 

33,034.30(1 

22,22 

6.45 

1849 

13,710,610 

118,854,498 

132,565,108 

10.34 

31,027,772 

24.73 

21.97 

6.89 

1850. . . . 

15.982,458 

148,051,575 

164,034,033 

9.74 

40,181,813 

25.85 

23.16 

7.07 

1851.... 

17,910,930 

182,565,378 

200,476,308 

8  93 

48.626,000 

25.44 

23.07 

8.35 

1852. . . . 

21,649,731 

173,737,583 

195,387,314 

11,08 

47,577.633 

25.96 

22 .  94 

7.88 

1853.... 

24,732,613 

225,424,532 

250,157,145 

9,89 

58,467,815 

25.93 

23.37 

9.77 

1854.... 

22,552,835 

253,535,495 

276,088,330 

8,17 

64,931,607 

25.61 

23,52 

10.44 

1855.... 

29,913,974 

201,736,366 

231.650,340 

12,91 

54.119,677 

26.82 

23.36 

8.50 

1856.... 

49,603,470 

246,047,468 

295,650,938 

10.77 

64,084,401 

26.05 

21.68 

10,53 

1857 

49,942,107 

283,569,158 

333,511,295 

14.98 

63,664.804 

22.45 

19.09 

11.53 

1858 .... 

55,292,929 

187.385,484 

242.678,413 

22,78 

42,046,722 

22.44 

17.33 

8.16 

1859 

66,856,406 

249,966,964 

316,823.370 

21.10 

48,894,684 

19.56 

15.43 

10.36 

I860.... 

68,391,038 

267,891,447 

336,282,485 

20.34 

52.692,421 

19.67 

15.67 

10.69 

1861 

67,421,022 

207,235,303 

274,0,'56,325 

24.55 

39,038,269 

18.84 

14,21 

8.57 

1862 

49,842,947 

128,487,253 

178,330,200 

27.95 

46,509,215 

36.19 

26.08 

5.45 

1863 

30,026,756 

195,348,524 

225,375,280 

13.32 

63,729,203 

32.6? 

28.28 

6.75 

1864.... 

38,162.565 

262,950,757 

301,113,322 

12.67 

96.465,957 

36.69 

32.03 

8.84 

1865 

40,097,208 

169,559,317 

209,656,525 

19.12 

80,635,170 

47.56 

38.46 

6,03 

1866 

57,121,369 

366,349,277 

423,470,646 

13 .  49 

177,056,523 

48.33 

41.81 

11,94 

1867 

17,033,130 

361,125,.553 

378,158,083 

4.60 

168,503,7.W 

46.67 

44 .  56 

10.44 

1868 

15,147,618 

329,661,302 

344,808.920 

4.40 

160,532,779 

48.63 

46.49 

9.33 

1869. . . . 

21,692.532 

372,756,642 

394,449,174 

5.50 

176,557,584 

47.22 

44.65 

10.45 

1870.... 

20,214,105 

406,131,905 

426,346,010 

4,74 

191,513,975 

47.08 

44.89 

11.06 

1871 

40,036,893 

459,663,060 

499,699,959 

8.01 

202,446,673 

43 .  94 

40.51 

12.63 

1872 

46,864,596 

512,795,442 

559,660,038 

8.37 

212,619,105 

41.35 

37.99 

13.79 

1873.... 

177.721,289 

485,155,425 

662,876,714 

26,81 

184,929,042 

38.04 

27.90 

15.91 

1874.... 

151,374,571 

416.125,862 

567,500.433 

26.67 

160.522,285 

38.49 

28.29 

13.26 

1875.... 

146,292,935 

380  140.384 

526,433,319 

27.78 

154,554,983 

40.58 

?9.36 

11.98 

1876 

140,191,0,57 

324,332,616 

464,523,673 

30,18 

145,178,603 

44 ,  70 

31.25 

10.29 

1877 

140,494,254 

299,329.283 

439,823,537 

31.94 

128,428,343 

42.84 

99.20 

■9.49 

1878 

141,250,132 

297,363,135 

438,613,267 

32.20 

127,195,159 

42.71 

29.00 

9.21 

1879 

142,802,611 

297.070,108 

439.872,719 

32.46 

133,395.430 

44.82 

30.33 

9.00 

1880 

207,772,.522 

419,753,948 

627.526,470 

33.11 

182,747,654 

43.46 

99.12 

12.51 

1881 

202,293,871 

448,325,411 

650,618,282 

31.09 

193.800.880 

43.27 

99.79 

12.68 

1882 

210,672,355 

506,045,034 

716,717,389 

29 .  39 

216.138.916 

42.61 

30.16 

13.65 

1883 

206,868,036 

494,352.144 

701,220.180 

29.50 

210,637,293 

42  ..41 

30.04 

13,05 

1884 

211,089.414    456,662.413 

667,751,827 

31.01 

190,282.830 

41.57 

28.50 

12.16 

1885.... 

192,443,389    386,892,253 

579,335,612 

33.22 

178,151,601 

45.83 

30.75 

10.32 

1886.... 

210,271,3.33 

413.778,055 

624,049,388 

33.69 

189,410,448 

45.53 

30.35 

10,87 

1887.... 

229,319,335 

450,325,322 

679,644,657 

33.74 

214.222,310 

47.08 

31.52 

11,. 58 

1888.... 

238,947,634 

468,143,774 

707.091,408 

33.78 

216,042  250 

45.61 

30.55 

11,79 

1889.... 

249.824,3.39 

484,856,768 

734,081,107 

34.05 

220,576,989 

45.11 

30.02 

11.99 

1890. . . . 

258,136,929 

507,571,764 

765.708,693 

33.71 

226,540.037 

44.39 

29.59 

12.16 

1891.... 

379,028,079 

466,455,173 

845,483,252 

44.83 

216,885,701 

46.26 

25.65 

13.24 

1892.... 

448,771,192 

355,526.741 

804,297,933 

55.78 

174.124.270 

4«.69 

21.65 

12.36 

1893.... 

432,450,474 

400,282,519 

832,732,993 

61.93 

199,143,678 

49.56 

23.79 

12.55 

1894.... 

372,461.955 

257,64;5,703 

630,107,658 

59.11 

129,558,892 

50.00 

20.56 

9.32 

1895.... 

376,890,100 

354,271,990 

731,162,090 

51.55 

149.450,608 

41.75 

20.44 

10.61 

1896. . .  . 

368,897,523 

390,796,561 

759,694,084 

48.56 

157,013,506 

39.95 

20.67 

10.81 

1897.... 

381,902,414 

407,348,616 

789 .251. 030 

48.39 

172,760.361 

42.17 

21.89 

11.02 

1998.... 

291,534.005 

295,619,695 

587,153  700 

49.65 

145,438.385 

48.80 

24.77 

8.05 

1899.... 

299,668,977 

385,772.915 

685,441,892 

43.72 

202,072,050 

62.07 

29.48 

9.22 

1900.... 

366,759,922 

463,759,330 

830,5i9.252 

44.16 

229,360,771 

49.24 

27.62 

10.93 

1901 .... 

339,093,256 

468,670,045 

807,763.301 

41.98 

233.556,110 

49.64 

28.91 

10.25 

1902 .... 

396.542,233 

503,251.521 

899,793,754 

44.01 

251,453,155 

49.79 

27.95 

11.18 

1903 

437,290,728 

570,669,382 

1,007,960,110 

43.38 

280,752.416 

49.03 

27.85 

12.28 

L904 

454  153  100 

527,669,459 

981,822.559 

46.26 

258.161.130 

48.77 

26.29 

11.73 

1905 

517,073,277 

570,044  S56 

1,087,118,133 

47.56 

258,426,295 

45.24 

23.77 

13.74 

1906 .... 

648.695,764 

664,721,885 

1,213,417,649 

45.22 

293,910,396 

44.16 

24.22 

12.95 

1907 

641,953.451 

773,448,834 

1,415,402,285 

45.35 

329,480,048 

42.56 

23.28 

15.97 

L908 

525,704,745 

657,415,920 

1,183  120,665 

44.43 

282,582,895 

42.94 

23.88 

13.11 

1909 

599,375,868 

682,265,867 

1,281,641,735 

46.77 

294,667,054 

43.15 

22.99 

13.94 

1910.... 

761,353,117 

785,756,020 

1.547  109.137 

49.21 

326,561,683 

41.52 

21,11 

16.54 

1911 

776,963.955 

7.^0,981,697 

1,527.945  6.52 

50.85 

309.965,692 

41.22 

20.29 

16.05 

1912 

881,512,987 

759,209.915 

1,640,722,902 

53.73 

304,899,366 

40.12 

18.58 

16.94 

1913 

986,972,333 

779,717,079 

1,766.689,412 

55.87 

312,509,946 

40.05 

17.69 

17.94 

1914.... 

1,152.392.059 

754,008,335 

1,906,400,394 

60.45 

283,719,081 

37.60 

14.88 

19.04 

1915. . . . 

1,032,863,558 

615,522.722 

1.648.3S6.280 

62.66 

205.946.842 

33.43 

12.49 

16.20 

1916 

1,495.881,357 

683,153,244 

2,179,034,601 

68.65 

209,725.801 

30.67 

9.62 

21.08 

1917 

1,852,530,536 

814,689,485 

2,667,220,021 

69.46 

221,659.000 

27.18 

8, .31 

25.40 

Prior  to  1866  the  figures  of  import  values  represent  net  general  imports,  the  amount  of  duty  collected 
leing  the  annual  amounts  collected  on  merchandise  only.  For  1867  and  later  years  the  figures  of  Import 
/alues  represent  imports  for  consumption,  the  average  ad  valorem  rates  on  dutiable  merchandise  being 
)ased  on  ordinary  duties,  and  those  on  free  and  dutiable  merchandise  being  based  on  total  duties  collected. 
The  total  duties  collected  Include  duty  eauivalent  to  internal  revenue  tax,  and  drawback  on  articles  exported 
rom  the  United  Stat33  returned. 

Imports 'entered  for  consumption  are  imports  on  which  duties  are  paid  (or  which  are  registered  as 
entered  free),  within  a  named  period.  Thus,  goods  may  be  imported  to  the  value  of  $2,000,000,000  In  a 
liven  period,  but  75  per  cent,  of  them  go  into  bonded  warehouses,  to  be  held  until  needed  Tor  consumption. 
When  such  goods  come  out  of  storage  they  are  recorded  as  imported  and  not  till  then. 


Exports  to  Chief  Countries,  Fiscal  Year  1918. 


363 


EXPORTS    OF    BREADSTUFFS, 

.  (By  the  Department  of  Commerce. 


MEATS,    ETC.,    FOR    1918. 

Fiscal  year  ending  June  30.) 


ExpoiiTs  BY  Groups. 


Breadstuffs dols. . 

Cottonseed  oU..  .  |  ^^^^^  ■ 

Meat,  dairy  prod.,  .dols.. 

'  bales. 

lbs. . . 

dols. . 

■  gals.. 

\  dols. . 

S.tPTS.  BY  PKIN.  ASTICLE3. 
«'^r'«y (K 

J  bush 
j  dols 


Cotton . 


Mineral  oils. 


Corn. 


Oats. 


Rye 

Wheat. 


bush 
1  dols. . 
J  bush 
1  dols.. 
/  bush . 
1  dols. . 
/  bbls.. 
\  dols. . 
/  lbs. . . 
1  dols. . 

Beef,  fresh [^^^■■ 


1918. 


Flour 


Beef,  canned.. 


633,309,485 

100,005.074 

18,142,938 

679,848,942 

4,528,844 

2,320,511,665 

665,024,655 

2.677,037,650 

298,144,927 

26,408,978 
41,939,964 
40,997,827 
75,305,692 

105,881,233 
86,125.093 
12.065,922 
24,157.536 
34,118.853 
80,802.542 
21,880,151 

244,861,140 
97,366.983 
30,051,507 

370,057,514 
67,386,369 


1917. 


688,983,454 

158,911.767 

19,878,325 

403,192,279 

5,947,165 

3,088,080,786 

543,074,690 

2,748,328,485 

230,968,940 

16,381,077 
19,027,082 
64,720,842 
72,497,204 
88,944,401 
55,034,981 
13,260,015 
21,599,631 
149,831,427 
298,179,705 
11,942,788 
93,198,474 
67,536.125 
16,946,030 
197,177,101 
26,277,271 


Exports  by  Groups. 


Beef,  pickled,  &c.  /  ^^^(^ 

Olpo  nil  J  "'^■• 

'-"^"  7' 1  dols. 

Bacon l^A^,: 

Haras  and  )  S°i^- 

^^oxM^tB |»S- 

T.arrt  /lbs... 

^^'^ Idols., 

Neutrallard....  j|f4•; 
Pork,pickled....j»'4•; 
Lard  compounds.  |  ^^jg  ' 
Milk,  condensed.  {  J|^[g-  ■ 
Crude  mineral  oil  1 1^',|- 
lUuminating  oU..||^',|  ■ 

Lubricating  oil..  1 1?;',!- 
Gasoline,  \l^^- 

naphtha,  &c...  =^  ^Jf„ 
Residuum,  \  °°'^- 

fuel  oil.  &c....{|alS; 


1918. 


64,867,310 

7,702,308 

56,648,102 

12,166,482 

815,319,4^ 

221,477,2i!0 

419,571,869 

108,106,862 

392,498,435 

98,214,348 

4,258,529 

1,074,603 

33,221,502 

7,545,011 

31.278,382 

6,613.640 

529.750,032 

68,039,597 

183,672,778 

9,107.519 

628,805,501 

47,488,425 

269,667,145 

66,146,827 

468,205,346 

113,856,712 

1,226,686,880 

61,646,444 


1917. 


68.053,667 

6,728,359 

67,110,111 

11,065,019 

667,151,972 

117,221,668 

266,656.681 

49,574,041 

444,769,640 

77,008,913 

17,576,240 

3,168,089 

46,992,721 

6,941,306 

56.359,493 

8.269.844 

269.141,231 

25,136.641 

177,748.832 

7.309.990 

833,969.012 

54,642,377 

271,032,751 

48,665.984 

425,71V,912 

87.990,807 

1.039.869,978 

32,359,782 


AGRICULTURAL 

EXPORTS 

AND    IMPORTS. 

Percent. 

Per 

Percent. 

Per 

Yf.ak. 

Exports 

of  AU 

Total 

Cent. 

Year, 

Exports 

of  All 

Total 

Cent. 

(Fiscal) 

of 

Dom. 

Imports. 

of  All 

(Fiscal) 

of 

Dom. 

Imports. 

olAU 

Domestic. 

Exports. 

Impts 

Domestic. 

Exports. 

Impts. 

18.55... 

§149,101,277 

77.4 

381,726,640 

31.7 

1903... 

S878,480,557 

63.1 

8456.199,325 

44.5 

1860... 

260,280,413 

82.3 

129,816,165 

36.7 

1904... 

859,160,264 

59.9 

461,434,851 

46.6 

1865... 

84.886,860 

62.0 

114,031,753 

47.8 

1905... 

826,904,777 

55.4 

553,851,214 

49.6 

1870... 

296,962,357 

78.9 

191,559.361 

43.9 

1906... 

976,047,104 

56.8 

654,175,242 

45.2 

1875... 

389,409,703 

78.0 

201,618,732 

49.1 

1907... 

1,054,405,416 

56.9 

626,836,808 

43.7 

1880... 

694,315,497 

84.3 

314,617,480 

47.1 

1908... 

1,017,396,404 

65.5 

639,690,121 

45.2 

1885... 

564.061,145 

76.2 

277,340.305 

48.0 

1909... 

903.238,122 

55.1 

638,612,692 

48.7 

1890... 

634,865,869 

76.x 

384,100,435 

48.7 

1910... 

871,158,425 

60.9 

87,509,115 

44.2 

1895... 

558,385,861 

70.4 

373,115,985 

51.0 

1911... 

1,030,794,402 

61.2 

680,204,932 

44.5 

1890... 

574,398,264 
68§,755.193 

66.6 

391,029,407 

50.1 

1912... 

1,050,627.131 

48.4 

783,457,471 

47.4 

1897... 

66.8 

400,871,468 

52.4 

1913... 

1,123,651,985 

46.3 

815,300,510 

45.0 

1898... 

869.018,916 

71.0 

314,291,796 

51.0 

1914... 

1,113,973,635 

47.8 

924,246,616 

48.8 

1899... 

792,811,733 

65.9 

355.514,881 

51.0 

1915... 

1,575,937,607 

64.3 

910,876,289 

.54.4 

1900... 

844,616,530 

61.6 

420,139,288 

49.4 

1916... 

1,518,071,450 

35.5 

1,189,704,830 

54.1 

1901... 

951,628,331 

66.2 

391,931,051 

47.6 

1917... 

1,969,849.707 

31.6 

1.403.801,231 

52.8 

1902... 

857,113,533 

63.2 

413.744.557 

45.8 

* 

EXPORTS    TO    CHIEF    COUNTRIES,    FISCAL 

(By  the  Department  of  Commerce.) 


YEAR    1918. 


Exports  to — 

1918. 

1917. 

Exports  to — 

1918. 

1917. 

Kurope 

Dollars. 

3,738,231.162 

1,237.720,814 

314,564,482 

447,456,515 

134,889,500 

56,423,368 

Dollars. 

4,324,512,661 

1.163,758,100 

259,480,371 

380,249,708 

109,314,490 

62,733,064 

Spain 

Dollars. 

67,183,288 

4,122,550 

1,994,894,260 

778,509.792 

44,309,849 

106,893,653 

235,682,045 

109,444,001 

66,270,046 

63.529.124 

43.480,623 

62,267.118 

267,730,637 

34,718.641 

83,960.179 

48.423,400 

44,863.439 

Dollars. 
76  978.360 

North  America 

Sweden 

44  683.612 

South  America 

United  Kingdom 

Canada 

2  046  812.678 

Asia 

787  177,099 

Oceania 

Central  America 

Mexico 

52,517,749 

Africa 

79,004,597 

178,292,328 

82,375,166 

Cuba 

Total 

5,928,285,641 

91.238,838 

4,969,542 

890,481.515 

6,290,048,394 

37,367,997 

56,738,490 

1.011.667,206 

2.199,449 

20,860,645 

360,608,356 

109,082,168 

82,001,636 

428.688,107 

Argentina 

Belciuni 

Brazil 

66  727,234 

Denmark  .      ... 

Chile 

44  .538.993 

France 

China 

37,195,608- 

Germany 

British  East  Indies 

37.108.127 

2,573,882 

477,530,702 

11,188,021 

25.211.242 

116,705,346 

130.4.27.061 

Italy 

Russia  in  Asia 

130,206,338 

Netherlands 

Australia  and  N.  Z'land. 

Philippine  Islands 

British  Africa 

80.398.266 

Norway 

27.206.612 

Russia  in  Europe 

32.774.323 

American  foreign  trade  fell  off  slightly  in  the  fiscal  year  1918.  the  total  being  $8,874,000,000,  compared 
with  38,949,000,000  in  1917,  according  to  figures  made  public  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com- 
merce, Department  of  Commerce.  The  imports  for  1918  show  an  increase  of  8287,000,000,  reaching  a. 
total  of  32,946.000,000.  Exports  show  a  decrease  of  $362,000,000,  the  total  for  1918  being  $5,928,000,000. 
aa  comnared  with  $6,290,000,000  in  1917.  The  excess  of  exports  over  imports  amounted  to  $2,982,000,000 
in  1918,  against  $3,631,000,000  in  1917. 

Imports  of  gold  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1918.  amounted  to  $124,000,000.  as  compared 
with  8977,000.000  in  1917,  while  exports  were  valued  at  $191,000,000,  compared  with  $292,000,000  In  1917. 
Silver  imports  amounted  to  $70,000,000  in  1918.  against  $35,000,000  in  1917  and  silver  exports  Increased 
from  $78,000,000  in  1917  to  $139,000,000  in  1918. 


364 


Trade  in  Farm  and  Forest  Products. 


TRADE    IN    FARM    AND    FOREST    PRODUCTS. 

(By  the  Department  of  Agriculture.     Calendar  years.) 


ARTICLE. 

Imports. 
1916. 

Imports. 
1917. 

ARTICLE. 

ImporiB. 
1916. 

Imports. 
1917. 

ARTICLE. 

Imports. 

1916. 

imports. 
1917. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

ANIMAL  MAT. 

Meat — Fresh; 

Indigo 

6.682,347 

5,101,470 

Animals,  live: 

Beef,  veal. . . 

3,988,944 

3,088,7o5 

Licorice  root .  . 

2,321,381 

1,796,576 

Cattle 

10,603,697 

18,245,973 

Mut'n,  lamb 

1,626.633 

685,401 

Liquors,  alcoh 

18,735.264 

17.790,739 

Horsea 

1,931,962 

1,630,669 

Pork 

95,997 

553,812 

Nursery  stock 

4,545,600 

3,121,601 

Sheep 

668,658 

2,014,169 

Other  meat . 

368.201 

2,302,957 

Nuts 

26,950,840 

40,738,989 

Swine 

40,457 

396,961 

Other  packing- 

Oils, vegetable 

40.824,122 

67,791,356 

AH  other 

612,725 

772,721 

house  prod . . 

8,916,617 

21,085,758 

Rice 

6.033,.570 

9,238,992 

Beeswax 

656,074. 

994,169 

Other  anl.  mat. 

2,253,176 

6,241,564 

Seeds 

35,059,657 

40,017,898 

Dairy  products 

VEG.  MATTER. 

Spices 

9,166,780 

10,433,469 

Butter 

226,218 

444,332 

Argols,  or  wine 

Molasses 

7,706,469 

10,182,443 

Cheese 

7,595,263 

2,566,489 

lees 

5,103,606 

4,714,498 

Sugar 

227,605,342 

322,485,148 

802,971 
1,569,434 

718,244 
2,341,873 

Tea 

19,444,102 

25,763,075 

Milk 

colate 

34,602,466 

41,674,203 

Tobacco 

26,856,09:5 

,33,471,764 

Eggs 

151  210 

314,419 
415,883 

CoHee . 

118,813,421 

122,607  254 

Vegetables .... 

U,021,93'i 

32,861,528 

Feathers,  ostr. 

1,020,506 

Fibers,  veg.: 

Oth.  Veg.  mat. 

8,797,8411 

15,604,207 

Fibers,  animal: 

Cotton 

37,051,534 

41,780,796 

FOREST  PROD. 

Silk 

149,784,622 

189,752,910 

Manila 

14,732,889 

27,321,018 

Dyewoods  and 

Wool 

125,523,854 

171,557,452 

Sisal  grass . . 

27,119,534 

43,053,717 

extracts  of . . 

6.696,861 

2,054,988 

Gelatin 

282,903 

304.249 

Other 

23,694,533 

25,408,292 

Gums: 

Packing  -house 

Fruits: 

Chicle 

3,198,153 

3,073,484 

products: 

Bananas .... 

12,189,682 

13,961,158 

Copal,  kauri. 

Bristles 

4,396,768 

4,579.009 

Lemons 

2,451,538 

1,877,093 

and  dam'r 

3,680,361 

3,447,916 

Hair 

3.388,911 

2,712,223 

Olives 

2,742,684 

1,820,009 

India  rubber 

159,745,475 

•:;33,220,904 

Hides- 

Other 

8,149,678 

5,514,012 

Shellac 

5.075,885 

9,040,543 

Buffalo  .... 

3,735,666 

6,203,789 

Grain   and   gr. 

Other 

9,756,741 

11,423,110 

Calfskins . . . 

18,132,654 

11,511,555 

products: 

Tanning  mat . . 

8,499,752 

9,549,243 

Cattle 

87,674,812 

102,352,981 

Corn 

1,234,874 

1,982,690 

Wood : 

Goatskins. . . 

33,841,308 

51,411,139 

Oats 

259,677 

1,282,902 

Lumber 

30,496,637 

35,694,484 

Kangaroo. . . 

779,723 

548,088 

Wheat 

10,730,483 

67,809,607 

Pulp  wood . . 

7,202,570 

8,563,458 

Sheepskins. 

22,838,951 

29,434,450 

Macaroni  &c 

1,172,057 

76,196 

Wood  pulp.. 

26,985,693 

41,979,330 

Other 

5,600,202 

8,268,438 

AVheat  flour 
Other 

943,882 
3,322,923 

6,226,849 
6,372,710 

Oth.  for.  prod. 

13,286,157 

13,518,308 

Total  farm  and  forest  products.  Imports  (1916)  $1,532,499,215;  (1917)  $1,964,898,463. 

1918  imports:  Cattle,  293,719  ($17,852,176);  horses,  5,099  ($1,187,443);  sheep,  177,681  ($1,979,746); 
swine,  12,696  ($324,182);  corn,  3.196,420  bush.  (83,483,101);  oats,  2,591,077  bush.  (Sl.963,447);  rice,  456,- 
058,608  lbs.  ($16,311,705);  wheat,  28,177,281  bush.  ($56,873,063);  coffee,  1,143,890,889  lbs.  ($103,058,536); 
cotton.  103,325,647  lbs.  ($36,020,483);  fish,  $2G,ldO,515;  bananas,  34,549,383  bunches  ($15,147,643);  walnuts. 
23,289,170  lbs.  ($5,690,511);  furs,  $2,709,818;  hay,  410,738  tons  ($4,618,764);  hides  and  skins,  432,516,693 
lbs.  ($131,629,352);  leather,  $13,057,148;  fresh  meats,  29,306.980  lbs.  ($4,293,109);  butter,  1,805,925  lbs. 
($619,303);  cheese,  9,839,305  lbs.  ($4,089,027);  flaxseed,  13,187,609  bttsh.  ($33,850,054);  all  other  seed, 
$17,000,000;  molasses,  130,730,861  gals.  ($9,177,833);  cane  sugar,  4,898,277,025  lbs.  ($236,105,886);  tea, 
151,314,932  lbs.  ($30,889,030) ;  tobacco.  leaf,  79,367,563  lbs.  ($45,200,000) ;  cigars,  etc.,  87,666,219;  vegetables, 
$30,175,769;  pulp  wood,  1,172,033  cords  ($11,088,422). 


ARTICLE. 

Exports. 
1916. 

E.xports. 

1917. 

ARTICLE. 

Exports. 
1916. 

Exports. 
1917. 

ARTICLE. 

Exports. 
1916. 

Kxports. 
1917. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Animals,    live: 

Fruits: 

Starch 

5,295,145 

6,306,404 

Cattle 

658,934 

1,291,714 

Apples,  fresh 

7,205,766 

4,496,007 

Molasses,  siruy 

2,749,304 

7,211,391 

Horses 

62,752,826 

33,041,160 

Apricots,  dr. 

1,512,810 

956,884 

Sugar 

90.675,773 

64,393,968 

MUles 

28,009,048 

13,666,063 

Oranges .... 

4,229,872 

4,649.898 

Tobacco 

62,833,040 

45,573,862 

Sheep 

268,538 

278,301 

Prunes 

4,036,836 

4,348,810 

Vegetables: 

Swine 

339,747 

294,251 

Raisins 

4,491,371 

4,401,824 

Beans,  peas. 

7,316,859 

10,130,786 

Other 

396,516 

384,363 

Other 

14.523,159 

14,762,473 

Potatoes. . .  . 

3,876,549 

4,241,501 

Dairy  products 

Glucose       and 

Other 

7,362,636 

9,389,432 

Butler 

8,243,948 

2,660,371 

grape  sugar . 

4,289,301 

8,119,328 

Oth.  veg.  mat . 

8,393,161 

13,031,057 

Cheese 

9.700,077 

13,316,831 

Grain,  gr.prod. 

FOREST  PROD. 

Milk 

18.063,538 

51,322,399 

Barley 

19,752,951 

26,208,022 

N'aval  stores: 

Other 

361,649 

373,169 

Corn 

46,940,416 

72,936,631 

Rosin 

U.325,831 

10,339,178 

Eggs 

7,472,477 

7,270,543 

Oats .    . 

53,009,919 
18,741,061 

71,168,623 
26,821,389 

Tar,  turpen- 
tine, pitch 

Packing-house 

Rye 

366,637 

677,968 

products: 

Wheat 

226,746,370 

245,633,541 

Turpentine 

4,596,475 

3,388,727 

Beef 

63,712,107 

68,136,224 

Wheat  flour. 

86,493.170 

138,430,403 

Wood: 

Lard  comp . . 

5,930,841 

8,582,820 

Other 

20.611,711 

45,819,281 

liOgS 

910,042 

888,616 

Mutton 

697,847 

614,855 

Hay 

2,678,560 

1,193,092 

Lumber: 

Pork 

207,547,736 

273,114,331 

Hops 

2,113,776 

917,650 

Boards,  piks. 

Sausage .... 

2,519,443 

5,071,507 

Liquors,  alcoh. 

24,189,221 

11,936,443 

scantlings. 

25,518,542 

33,875,679 

Sausage  cas. 

1,786,343 

2,841,736 

Oil    cake    and 

Railroad  ties 

2,647,9.54 

2,717,009 

Other 

18,968,582 

21,738,077 

oil-cake  meal 

33,253,448 

15,877,980 

Shooks 

3,420,892 

6,052,098 

Oth.  anl.  mat. 

4,600,654 

6,203,545 

Oils,  vegetable: 

Staves,  head 

3,804.988 

4,034,805 

VEG.  MATTER. 

Cottonseed 

19.390,435 

17.300,066 

Timber 

4,202,174 

4,229,480 

Coffee 

6,085,651 

7,341,406 

Other 

5,679,762 

7,087.963 

Other  wood . 

3,543,828 

2,456.146 

Cotton 

,545,228,684 

576,306.634 

Rice 

Seeds 

5,448,666 
3.199.528 

12,375,413 
5,033,074 

Oth.  for.  prod. 

8,712,442 

9,635,158 

Total  farm  and  forest  products,  exports  (1916)  $1,849,434,567;  (1917)  $2,068,697,350. 

Chief  exportfi,  1918,  fiscal  year:  Agricultural  implements,  $35,076,911;  animals,  $21,733,594;  bread- 
stuffs.  $633,309,485;  cotton,  2,320,511,665  lbs.  ($665,024,655);  cotton  manufactures,  $169,398,420;  fruits 
and  nuts,  $34,480,678;  leather,  $59,443,775;  boots  and  shoes,  15,022,760  pairs  ($36,583,107);  meat  products, 
$593,940,545;  dairy  products,  $85,908,397;  mineral  oils,  2,677,037,650  gals.  ($298,144,927);  vegetable  oils, 
$25,020,890;  sugar,  576,415,850  lbs.  (.$38,756,680);  tobacco  leaf,  288,781,511  lbs.  (369,674,731);  vegetables, 
$26,972,711;  wood,  etc,  5S2.054.088. 


Beef,  Mutton,  Pork  and  Lard  Exports  from  U.  S. 


S65 


EXPORTS    FROM    THE    U.    S.    OF    HORSES,    MULES,  CATTLE,  SHEEP,  SWINE 


Year  (Fisc.) 


1884... 
1885... 
1886... 
1887. . . 
1888... 
1889... 
1890... 
1891... 
1892... 
1893... 
1894... 
1895... 
1896... 
1897... 
1898... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901... 
1902... 
1903... 
1904... 
1905... 
1906... 
1907... 
1908... 
1909... 
1910... 
1911... 
1912... 
1913... 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918... 


Horses. 


No. 

2,721 

1,947 

1,616 

1,611 

2,263 

3,748 

3,501 

3,110 

3,226 

2,967 

5,246 

13,984 

25,126 

39,532 

51,150 

45,778 

64,722 

82,250 

103,020 

34,007 

42,001 

34,822 

40,087 

33,882 

19,000 

21,616 

28,910 

25,145 

34,828 

28,707 

22.776 

289,340 

357,553 

278,674 

84,765 


Dollars. 

424.317 

377,692 

348,323 

351,607 

412,774 

592,469 

680,410 

784,908 

611,188 

718,607 

.  1,108,995 

2,209,298 

3,530,703 

4,769,265 

6,176,569 

5,444,342 

7,612,616 

8,873,845 

10,048,046 

3,152,159 

3,189.100 

3,175,259 

4,365,981 

4,359,957 

2.612.587 

3,386.617 

4.081.157 

3,845,253 

4,764,815 

3,960.102 

3,388,819 

64,046,534 

73,531,146 

59.525,329 

14,923,663 


Mules. 


No. 

3,742 

1,028 

1.191 

■  1,754 

2,971 

2,980 

3.544 

2,184 

1,965 

1.634 

2,063 

2,515 

5,918 

7,473 

8,098 

6,755 

43,369 

34,405 

27,586 

4,294 

3,658 

5,826 

7,167 

6,781 

6,609 

3,432 

4,512 

6,585 

4,901 

4.744 

4,883 

65.788 

111,915 

136.689 

28,879 


Dollars 

490.809 

127.580 

148,711 

214,738 

378,765 

356,333 

447,108 

278,658 

238,591 

210,278 

240,961 

186,452 

406,161 

545,331 

664.789 

516,908 

3,919,478 

3,210,267 

2,692,298 

521.725 

412.971 

645,464 

989,639 

850.901 

990.667 

472.017 

614.094 

1.070,051 

732,095 

733.795 

690.974 

12.726.143 

22,960,312 

27,800,854 

4,885,406 


Cattle. 


No 
190,518 
135,890 
119,065 
106,459 
140,208 
205,786 
394,826 
374,679 
394,607 
287,094 
359,278 
331.722 
372,461 
392,190 
439,255 
389,490 
397,286 
459,218 
392,884 
402,178 
593,409 
567.806 
584,239 
423,051 
349,210 
207,542 
139.430 
150,100 
105,506 
24,714 
18,376 
5,484 
21,287 
13,387 
18,213 


Dollars 
17,855,495 
12,906,690 
10,958,954 

9,172,136 
11,577,578 
16,616,917 
31,261,131 
30,445,249 
35,099,095 
26,032,428 
33,461,922 
30,603,796 
34,560,672 
36.357,451 
37,827,500 
30,516,833 
30,635,153 
37,566,980 
29,902,212 
29,848,936 
42,256,291 
40,598,048 
42,081,170 
34,577,392 
29,339,134 
18,046,976 
12,200,154 
13,163,920 

8,870,075 

1,177,199 
647,288 
702,847 

2,378,248 
949,503 

1.247,800 


Sheep. 


No 

273,874 

234,509 

177,594 

121,701 

143,817 

128,852 

67.521 

60,947 

46.960 

37,260 

132,370 

405,748 

491,565 

244,120 

199,690 

143,286 

125,772 

297,925 

358,720 

176.961 

301,313 

268,365 

142.690 

135.344 

101,000 

67,656 

44.517 

121,491 

157,263 

187,132 

152,600 

47,321 

52,278 

58,811 

7.959 


Dollars. 

850.146 

512,568 

329,844 

254,725 

280,490 

366,181 

243,077 

261.109 

161.105 

126,394 

832,763 

2,630,686 

3,076,384 

1,531,645 

1,213,886 

853,555 

■733,477 

1,933,000 

1,940,060 

1,067,860 

1,954,604 

1,687,321 

804,090 

750,242 

589,285 

365,155 

209,000 

636,272 

626,985 

605,725 

534,543 

182,278 

231,535 

367,935 

97,028 


Swine. 


No. 

46.382 

55,025 

74.187 

75,383 

23,755 

45,128 

91,148 

95,654 

31,963 

27,375 

1,553 

7.130 

21,049 

28,751 

14,411 

33.031 

51,180 

22,318 

8,368 

4,031 

6,345 

44,496 

59,170 

24,262 

30,818 

18.655 

4,410 

8.551 

19,038 

15.332 

10,122 

7.799 

22.048 

21.926 

9.280 


Dollars. 

627.480 

579.183 

674.297 

664,753 

193,017 

(356,764 

909,042 

1,140,630 

364,081 

397,112 

14,753 

72,424 

227,297 

295,998 

110,487 

227,241 

394.813 

238,465 

88,330 

40,923 

53,780 

416,692 

630,998 

309,4'tO 

307,202 

144,605 

46.955 

74,032 

159,370 

151,747 

133,751 

93,067 

238,718 

347,852 

256,629 


BEET,    F^UTTON,    PORK    AND    LARD    EXPORTS    FROM    U.    S. 


Ye.vk   U''iscal). 


1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


Fresh  Beef.  Fresh  Mutton  Beef,  Cured. 


Pounds. 

49.210,990 

54,046,771 

54,025,832 

84,717,194 

106,004,812 

69,586,466 

81,064,373 

120,784,064 

115,780,830 

99,423,362 

83,560.874 

93,498,273 

137,895,391 

173,237.596 

194.045.638 

220.544.617 

206.294.724 

193,891.824 

191.338,487 

224,783.225 

290.395,930 

274.768.074 

282,139,974 

329,078,609 

351,748.333 

.301,824.473 

254,795.963 

299.579.671 

236,486,568 

268,454,227 

281.651.5Q2 

201.154.105 

122,952,671 

75.729.666 

4;2.510.731 

15.264,320 

7,362,388 

6,394,404 

170,440,934 

231,214.000 

197,177,101 

370,057,514 


Pounds. 

349.368 

130,582 

1,440,197 

2.335,858 

3,380,147 

1,373,384 

2,158.058 

2,932,855 

•  3,355,660 

1,059,435 

371.572 

224,738 

296,220 

256,711 

199,395 

105,463 

108,214 

2,197.900 

591.449 

422.950 

361.955 

329,169 

379,110 

773,760 

690,121 

430,351 

6,144,020 

465.255 

640.837 

516,345 

821,998 

1,185,040 

■  1,498,674 

1,989.472 

2.160.259 

3.595.543 

5,266.019 

4,685.496 

3.877.413 

5.552.918 

3.195.576 

2,098.423 


Barrels. 
39,155.153 
38,831,379 
36,950,563 
45,237,472 
40,698,649 
45,899,737 
41,680,623 
43,021,074 
48,716,138 
59,728,325 
36,479,379 
49,063,420 
53,200,435 
97,610.529 
91.908,812 
71,158,448 
59,322,833 
63,901,001 
63,294,998 
71,223,512 
68,652,388 
45,903,531 
48,144,189 
49,625,678 
56,101,917 
49,451,109 
53,927,252 
57,853,822 
56,071,181 
81,287,581 
63,698,568 
47,896,087 
44,789,063 
36,871,313 
40,283,749 
38,087,907 
25,856,919 
23,365,974 
31.874,743 
38,114,682 
58,053,667 
54,867,310 


Bacon. 


Pounds. 
476,057.146 
592,814,351 
732,249,576 
759,773,182 
873,374,361 
428,481,482 
294,118,759 
341.479,410 
345.924,217 
369,423,351 
364,417.744 
331,306.307 
357,377,399 
531,899,677 
514,675,557 
507,919,830 
391,758,175 
416,657,577 
452,549,976 
425,352,187 
500.399,448 
650,108.933 
562.651,480 
512,153,729 
456,122,741 
383,150,624 
207,336,000 
249,665,941 
262,246,635 
361,210,563 
250,419.i599 
241,189,929 
244,578.674 
152,163,107 
156,675.310 
208.574,208 
200,993,584 
193,964,252 
346,718,227 
579,808.786 
667.151.972 
815.319.424 


Cured  Pork. 


Barrels. 

69.671.894 

71.889.255 

84.401.676 

95,949,780 

107,928,086 

80,447,466 

62,116.302 

60,363,313 

71,649,365 

87.196.966 

85,869.367 

58.836,966 

64,110,845 

79,788.868 

81,317,364 

80.366,481 

52,459,722 

63,575,881 

58,266.893 

69,498,373 

66,768,920 

88,133,078 

137,197,200 

133,199.683 

138,643.611 

115.896.275 

95,287,374 

112,224.861 

118,887,189 

141,820.720 

166,427,409 

14;9,505.937 

52.354,980 

40,131,599 

45,729.471 

56,321,469 

53,749.023 

45,543,085 

45,655,574 

63,460,713 

46,992,721 

33,221,502 


Lard. 


Pounds. 
234,741,233 
342,766,254 
326,658,686 
374.979,286 
378,142,496 
250,367,740 
224,718,474 
265,094,719 
283,216,339 
293,728,019 
321,533,746 
297.740,007 
318,242,990 
471.083.598 
498.343,927 
460,045,776 
365,693,501 
557,666,867 
474,895,274 
509,534,256 
568,315,640 
709,344,045 
711,259,851 
661,813.663 
611,357,514 
556.840.220 
490,755,821 
561,302,643 
610,238,899 
741,516,886 
627,559,660 
603,413,770 
528,722,933 
362,927,671 
476,107,857 
532,255,865 
619,025,384 
481,457,792 
475,531,908 
427,011.338 
444,769,540 
392,498,435 


366         United  States  Foreign  Trade,  Eight  Months  of  1918. 

UNITED    STATES    FOREIGN    TRADE,    EIGHT    MONTHS    OF    1918. 

(By  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Department  of  Commerce.) 


Groups  and  Principai. 
Article  8. 


EXPORTS   BY   GROUPS. 

Breadstuffs dols. . 

Cottonseed  oU |  ^'Jfjg  ; 

Meat  and  dairy  prod's .  dols. . 

!  bales, 
lbs. . . 
dola.. 
dols.'. 

EXPT8.  BY  PRmC'li  ARTICLES. 
B^rl^y ^^^1^- 


Corn . 
Oats. 


Rye . . . 
Wheat. 


Flour. 


busU. 

dols. . 

busli. 

dols.. 

bush. 
\  dola. . 
J  bush . 
"  dols.. 

bbls. . 

dols. . 

lbs. . . 

dols. . 

lbs... 

dols. . 

Beef,  pickled,  etc.  , .  |  ^'Jfjg  ; 
Oleooll j^b%-: 

Bacon \'^^- 

/  lbs. . . 
\  dols. . 


Beef,  canned . 
Beef,  fresh . . . 


Eatns  and  shoulders 


Eight  months  End- 
ing August — 


1918. 


482,551,985 

94,449,662 

18,060,272 

663,077,554 

2,423,489 

1,240,858,375 

385,295,352 

1,828,722,361 

227,470(466 

17,650,924 

29,251,311 

32,394,201 

58,049,456 

75,782,553 

67,340,628 

4,755,726 

9,885,407 

21,838,948 

50,774,084 

17,489,290 

198,949,135 

103,008,792 

35,282,122 

356,894,312 

71,896,022 

27,357,145 

4,655,954 

56,109,812 

12,253,471 

805,816,678 

225,668,797 

416,524.777 

110.440,886 


1917. 


439,950,077 

110,022,724 

14,861,973 

299,832,373 

2,938,466 

1,608,270,26? 

312,417,711 

1,695.532,542 

154,931,531 

8,919,895 

13,036,386 

45,520,-396 

59,839,291 

59,701,183 

44,298,380 

6,216,155 

11,954,0.59 

88,800,050 

206,054,897 

7.876,428 

73,403,277 

48,410,492 

12,828,057 

164,808,580 

23,592,929 

46,625,742 

5,802,896 

27,958,092 

5,695,110 

427,672,093 

83,559,317 

164,999,309 

33,588,279 


Groups  and  Principal 

Articles. 


Lard 

Neutral  lard 

Pork,  pickled 

Lard  compounds.... 
Milk,  condensed .... 
Crude  mineral  oil. . . 

niumlnatlng  oil 

Lubricating  oil 

Gasoline,  naph'a,  etc. 
Resid.,  fuel  oil,  etc . . 

Total  exports 

imports,  bt  groups. 

Crude  mater's  for  use  in  mfg. 

Foodstuffs  in  crude  condition 

and  food  animals 

Foodstuffs  partly  or  wholly 

manufactured 

Manufactures  for  further  use 

in  manufacturing 

Man'f's  ready  for  consump'n 
Miscellaneous 


Jibs.. 
"  dols. 

lbs.. 

dols. 

lbs.. 
\  dola. 
/lbs.. 
Idols. 
;  lbs. . 
1  dols. 
/  gals. 
1  dols. 
J  gais., 
1  dols. 
J  gals. , 
\  dols. 
J  gals. . 
1  dols.. 
J  gals. . 
1  dols. 


Total  imports .  . . . 


Eight  Months  End- 
ing August — 


1918. 


404,515,493 

104,845,817 

5,966,759 

1,511,556 

26,854,153 

6,414,708 

17,499,650 

4,115,851 

347,962,740 

45,170,084 

132,549,891 

7,466,943 

321,963.575 

32,450,673 

175.757,051 

49,632,214 

378,621,070 

93,525,191 

819,830,774 

44,395,445 


4,011,558,671 

Dollars. 

838,669,459 

241,821,917 

297,198,244 

407,620,497 

266,450,858 

8,688,413 


2,060,449,388 


1917. 


297,126.008 

57,463,694 

9,087,640 

1,922,794 

29,438,676 

4,951,042 

36,626,355 

6,037,214 

227,704,397 

25,745,170 

108,504,211 

4,843,940 

457,252,614 

32,514,937 

179,556,884 

34,264,732 

272,594,982 

58,733,714 

677,623,851 

24,574,208 


4,149,441,847 

Dollars. 

886,481,605 

253,745,843 

270,043.760 

366,317,423 

260,816,695 

9,192,279 


2,046,597,605 


U, 


S.  TRADE,  BY  CHIEF  COUNTRIES,  FISCAL  YEAR  ENDED  JUNE  30,  1918. 
(Includes  domestic  and  foreign  merchandise,  but  not  gold  and  sliver.) 


Countries. 


EUROPE. 

Austria-Hungary 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

France , 

Germany 

Greece 

Iceland,  and  Faroe  Islands. . 

Italy 

Netherlands 

Norway 

Portugal 

Russia  In  Europe 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 

United  ElngdoiQ:  England . . 

Scotland 

Ireland 


NORTH   AMERICA. 

Bermuda 

British  Honduras 

Canada 

C.  Amer.  States:  Costa  Rica 

Guatemala 

Honduras 

Nicaragua 

Panama , 

Salvador 

Mexico 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador 
West  Indies:  Brit.  W,  Ind. — 

Jamaica 

Trinidad  and  Tobago . . . 

Cuba 

Danish- West  Indies. . . . 

Dominican  Republic .  .  . 

Dutch  West  Indies 

Haytl 


SOUTH  AMERICA. 

Argentina 

Bolivia 


Imports. 


Dollars. 

12,766 

80,053 

8,569 

1,022,397 

75,638,078 

64,094 

18,481,432 

777,663 

30,014,349 

16,396,633 

3,235,020 

5,030,633 

15,146,826 

24,565,565 

10,636,354 

18,862,990 

150,403,714 

18,792,315 

20,886,427 

704,540 
2,361,358 

434,254,567 
7,615,482 
7,822,960 
5,437,1 
4,590,037 
7,845,390 
6,870,432 

140,801,097 
6,218,304 

3,282,982 
7,144,415 
264,024,006 
1,542,222 
8,061,412 
1,056,622 
4,815,544 

195,633,348 
122,917 


Exports. 


Dollars. 


91,238,638 


4,969,542 
890,481,513 


2,573,882 

2,019,288 

477,530,702 

11,188,021 

25,211,242 

21,681,537 

116,705,346 

67,183,288 

4,122,550 

21,219,40.5 

1,848,372,491 

136,084,411 

10,437.358 

2,280,277 
2,425,184 

778,509,792 
1,903,224 
6,292,760 
4,618,729 
4,377,f"- 
23,638,116 
3,479,332 

106,893,653 
9,656,144 

7,834,096 
6,997,946 
235,682,045 
1,807,344 
16,011,019 
1,622,796 
8,359,922 

109,444,001 

3,581,393 


Countries. 


SOUTH  AMERICA — COTU. 

Brazil 

Chile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Guiana:  British 

Dutch 

French 

Paraguay 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Venezuela 


ASIA. 

Aden 

China 

Japanese 

Chosen 

East  Indies: 

British — British  India. 
Straits  Settlements . . 

Dutch  East  Indies .... 

Hongkong 

Japan 

Persia 

Russia  in  Asia 

Siam 


OCEANIA. 

British  Oceania:  Australia. 

New  Zealand 

French  Oceania 

German  Oceania 

Philippine  Islands 

AFRICA. 

Belgian  Kongo 

British  Africa;  West 

South -.. 

Egypt 

French  Africa 

Liberia 

Morocco 

Portuguese  Africa 

Grand  total 


Imports. 


Dollars. 

113,511,954 

141,075,704 

25,975,988 

10,887,968 

364,002 

972,395 

4,991 

69,797 

41,439,218 

23,530,682 

13,287,738 

1,516,605 

116,644,981 

24,055,680 

10,082 

105,277,743 

159,188,127 

79,718,233 

18,086,274 

284,945,439 

888,084 

3,649,663 

156,981 

49,471,485 

11,836.778 

2,834,673 

931,920 

78.101,412 

14,809 

16,761,226 

33.295,835 

20,907,958 

899,833 

35,594 

178,421 

2,927,834 


2,946,059,403 


Exports. 


Dollars. 

66,270,046 

03,529,124 

10,992,199 

4,830,468 

5,269,778 

1,076,483 

761,906 

672,454 

22,011,583 

18,061,880 

7,823,007 

257,764 

43,480,623 

5,642,665 

1,068,735 

42,381,902 

8,798,297 

19,777,504 

20,217,638 

267,730,637 

119,714 

34,718,541 

1,146,484 

66,581,501 

17,378,678 

1,266,965 

487,321 

48,423.400 

695,941 

8,120,828 

35,223,720 

3,149,994 

2,102,443 

151,270 

958,889 

3,099,287 


5,928,285,641 


Silk  Statistics. 


367 


SILK    STATISTICS. 

(Compiled  by  the  Silk  Association  of  America.) 
U.  S.  SILK  IMPORTS. 


Year, 


1917-1918. 
1916-1917. 
1915-1916. 
'1914-1915. 
1913-1914. 
1912-191.3. 
1911-1912. 
1910-1911. 
1909-1910. 
1908-1900 . 
1907-190S . 
1906-1907. 
1905-1906 . 
1904-1905 . 
1903-1904. 
1902-1903 . 
1901-1902. 
1900-1901 . 
1899-1900. 
1898-1899. 
1897-189S. 
1896-1897. 
1895-1896. 
1894-1895. 
1893-1894. 
1892-189.') . 
1891-1892. 
1890-1891. 
1889-1800. 
1888-18S;>. 
1887-1888. 
1886-1887. 
1885-1880. 
1884-1885. 
1883-1884 . 
1882-1883 . 
1881-1882. 
1880-1881 . 
1879-1880. 
1878-1879 . 
1877-1878. 
1876-1877. 
1875-187G. 
1874-1875. 
1873-1874. 
1872-1873. 


Raw  Silk. 


Pounds. 

36,543,075 

33,868,885 

33,070,902 

26,030,925 

28,594,672 

26,049,472 

21,609,520 

22,379,998 

20,363,327 

23,333,750 

15,424,041 

16,722,207 

14,505,324 

17,812,133 

12,630,883 

13,637,206 

12,620,682 

9,139,617 

11,259,310 

9,691.145 

10,315,162 

6,513,612 

8,000,621 

7,974,810 

4,956,875 

7,422,430 

7,521,342 

4,917,688 

5,943,360 

5,329,646 

5,172.929 

4,599,574 

4,754,626 

3,424,076 

3,222,.546 

3,255,324 

2,887.776 

2,531,617 

2,562,246 

1,893,311 

1,182,750 

1,186,170 

1,354,991 

1,101,681 

794,837 

1,159,420 


Dollars. 

193,816,365 

156,085,649 

119,484,223 

80,531,785 

97,828,243 

82,147,523 

67,173,382 

72,713,984 

65,424,784 

78,830,568 

63,665,534 

70,229,518 

52,855,611 

59,542,892 

44,461,564 

49,002,597 

41,714,331 

29,353,777 

44,549,672 

31,827,061 

31,446,800 

18,496,944 

26,246,902 

22,029,068 

15,627,822 

29,055,557 

24,321.494 

17,994,654 

23,285,099 

18,544,025 

19,151,0-33 

18,687,245 

17,232,505 

12,421,739 

12,481,496 

14,042,696 

12,885,149 

10,889,675 

12,024,699 

8,390'327 

5,103,084 

6,792,937 

5,424,408 

4,504,306 

3,854,008 

6,460,62l( 


Spun  Silk. 


Imported. 


Pounds. 

4,034,959 

3,577,979 

3,411,710 

2,026,479 

3,054,071 

3,417,226 

3,260,428 

3,236,334 

3,159,595 

2,305,687 

2,065,614 

2,546,105 

2,453,273 

•    2,305,847 

2,053,077 

1,924,250 

2,002,671 

1,652,177 

2,336,946 

1,703,794 

956,974 

801,336 

782,796 

843,647 

437,428 

758,502 

489,652 

856,706 

411,621 

274,362 

197,139 

172,617 

178,383 

78,890 

91.750 

43.812 

14,726 

19,325 

37.239 

20.075 

23,142 

10,299 

2,516 

5,735 

7,866 

3,579 


Mvoice  Value  Duty  CoUec'd 


Dollars. 

11,194,677 

10,374,389 

6,718,911 

3,766,019 

5,718,631 

6,072,272 

5,754,256 

5,696.788 

5.054,174 

3.507.737 

3.585.628 

3,789.845 

3.263.461 

3.120,210 

3,039,107 

2,825,760 

2,915,918 

2,505,272 

3,555,237 

1,962,588 

1,176,677 

1,083,616 

998,604 

1,239.619 

719,390 

1,338,851 

1,093,384 

1,821,421 

883,644 

659,045 

578,950 

441,299 

442,310 

226,412 

189,722 

126,832 

47,296 

60,830 

111,999 

57,867 

77.158 

31,081 

7,072 

15,796 

28,061 

15.474 


Dollars. 

3,608,735 

3,631,036 

2,351,618 

1.318,106 

2.018.762 

2.239,901 

2.134,501 

2,115,088 

1,945,160 

1,335,453 

1,336,632 

1,427,480 

1.225,117 

1,194,495 

1,147,977 

1,062,592 

1,102,300 

939,803 

1,325,498 

761,325 

449,328 

325,084 

299,581 

377,846 

251,786 

468,598 

382,684 

617,806 

265,093 

197,713 

173,685 

132,389 

132,693 

67,923 

66,916 

44,391 

16,553 

21,290 

39,199 

20,253 

27,095 

10,878 

2,475 

5,528 

9,821 

5,415 


1917-18  figures  are  for  the  calendar  year  1917.     For  Lyons  estimate  see  below. 

Silk  imports  in  year  ended  June  30.  1918.  were  as  follows,  by  United  States  Customs  figures:  Cocoons, 
251,447  lbs.  ($319,349);  raw,  in  skeins,  34,447,575  lbs.  ($180,906,287);  waste.  8,583,344  lbs.  (87,229,176); 
Silk  manufactures,  §33,008,958;  silk,  artificial,  293,421  lbs.  (8741,822). 

TJ.  S.  IMPORTS  OF  SILK  WASTE,  NOILS,  AND  PIERCED  COCOONS. 


Year. 

Waate. 

Noils. 

Co' ens 

Totals. 

Year. 

Waste. 

Nolls. 

Co' ens 

Totals. 

(Fiacal.) 
1916-1917 

Dollars 

Dolls. 

Dolls. 

Bales. 

Pounds. 

(Fiacal.) 

Dollars 

Dolls. 

Dolls. 

Bales. 

Pounds. 

4,764,064 

53,022 

32,071 

23,829 

6,692,533 

1908-1909 

1,222,855 

49,909 

17,866 

9,290 

2,238,883 

1915-1916 

4,779,768 

67,476 

187,953 

30,645 

8,590,776 

1907-1908 .... 

1,079,755 

15,574 

59,810 

7,277 

1,681,581 

1914-1915 

2,681,158 

83,714 

22,8.56 

22,558 

5,079,627 

1906-1907  .... 

1,299,074 

40,568 

74,800 

9,574 

2,444,744 

1913-1914 .... 

2,893,092 

325,249 

14,307 

22,800 

6,065,691 

1905-1906 

1,021,122 

46,326 

65,298 

9,009 

2,203  942 

1912-1913 

2,061,349 

429,630 

71,158 

21,907 

5,508,879 

1904-1905 

1,101,302 

553,605 

9,142 

15,339 

4,847,819 

1911-1912.... 

2,035,201 

307,968 

67,640 

18,344 

5,070,252 

1903-1904 

1,317,625 

368,381 

16,336 

12,400 

4,596,477 

1910-1911 .... 

2,119,786 

126,525 

31.351 

15,310 

4,293,818 

1902-1903 

1,074,761 

25,304 

1,015 

5,434 

1,796,421 

1909-1910.... 

1,556,873 

141,581 

4,370 

11,101 

3.088.737 

RAW  SILK  PRODUCTION,   1917-18. 


Countries. 


WESTERN  ETTROPE. 

France 

Italy 

Spain 

Austria 

Hungary 

Total 

FAR    EAST 

China:  Exports  from  Shanghai  (includ- 
ing tussahs.  filatures.  &c.) 

Export,s  from  Canton  (Including  ex- 
ports to  Bombay  and  India) 

Japan:  Exports  from  Yokohama 

East  Indies:  Exports  from  Bengal  and 
Cashmere 


Pounds. 


451,948 
6,217,034 
154,323 
187,393 
143,300 


7,153,998 


10,251,492 

5,081,654 
34,061,410 

231,485 


Countries. 


TAB  EAST — Continued. 

Indo-China:  Exports  from  Saigon,  Hal- 

f ong,  &c 

LEVANT  AND   CENTRAL  ASIA. 

Asiatic  Turkey:  Anatoha 

Syria  and  Cyprus 

Other  Provinces 

European  Turkey:  Adrianople 

Balkans:  Bulgaria,  Serbia,  Roumania. 

Greece,  Salonica,  and  Crete 

Caucasus 

Turkestan  and  Central  Asia  (exports) . 
Persia  (exports) 

Grand  total,  1917 

Grand  total,  1916  (corrected) 


Pounds. 


11,023 


2,292,807 


59,083,869 
59,800,371 


368 


Panama's  Foreign  Trade. 


ALASKA'S    TRADE    AND    COMMERCE— 1i879-1 91 7. 


Imports  and  exports  of  merchandise,  \ 

alued  In  dollars. 

Imports 

Imports 

Exports 

Imports 

Imports 

Exports 

Imports 

Imports  Exports 

Ybab 

From 

From 

to 

YEA.R 

From 

From 

to 

Yeab 

From 

From 

to 

(FiSC. ) 

United 

Other 

Other 

(FlSC.) 

United 

Other 

Other 

(FIBC.) 

United 

Other 

Other 

States. 

entries 

entries 

States. 

entries 

entries 

States. 

CntrieSj  entries 

1879 .... 

317,000 

4,791 

50,378 

1892 .... 

2,012,000 

15,691 

14,165 

1905 .... 

11,504,255 

1,450,910   1,088,165 

1880.... 

463,000 

3,032 

31,543 

1893 .... 

2,317,000 

37,362 

10,211 

1906 . . . . 

14,869,827 

845  291 

1,377,398 

1881 ... . 

548,000 

10,966 

69,183 

1894 .... 

2,794,000 

80,490 

2,663 

1907 .... 

18,403,765 

1,134,191 

1,489,686 

1882.... 

585,000 

8,484 

38,520 

1895 .... 

3,017,000 

55,850 

11,520 

19P8.... 

16,577,903 

776,974 

1,857,905 

1883 .... 

668,000 

14,945 

28,393 

1896.... 

3,502,000 

72,414 

5,358 

1909 

17,762,600 

647,331 

961,101 

1884 .... 

615,000 

4,420 

8,438 

1897 .... 

3,924,000 

96,694 

27,206 

1910.... 

18,670,339 

619.348 

1,168,014 

1885 .... 

863,000 

8,944 

24,468 

1898  .... 

13,682,000 

175,235 

30,705 

1911.... 

16,205,730 

705,171 

1,136,745 

1886.... 

874.000 

14,252 

8,022 

1899 .... 

9,644,000 

196,251 

45,729 

1912.... 

19,417,227 

563,503 

1,010,072 

1887 .... 

1,334,000 

18,636 

7,336 

1900 .... 

18,463,000 

385,317 

566,347 

1913 

20,827,262 

982,271 

1,477,991 

1888.... 

1,487,000 

28,211 

23,499 

1901.... 

13,457,000 

557,992 

2,5.34,318 

1914.... 

22.461  723 

567,399 

1,124,239 

1889.,.. 

1,686,000 
1,897,000 

32,809 
24,577 

200 
4,682 

1902 

511,830 
477,463 

2,612,021 
1,612,128 

1915.... 
1916.... 

21,260,042 
27,086,288 

640,888 
1.066,612 

1,001,389 

1890.... 

1903 .... 

9,509,701 

1,426,362 

1891 .... 

1,973,000 

23,302 

39,073 

1904  .... 

10,165,110 

607,355    1,565,690' 

1917.... 

38,992.049    1,469,5241  2,474,894 

Exports  from  Alaska  to  the  United  States, 
no  available  export  figures  prior  to  1903. 


valued  in  dollars,  not  included  in  above  table.    There  are 


ALASKAN   EXPORTS   TO   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


Total   /Exports 

Total 

Exports 

Total 

Exports 

Year 

Imports 

to 

Total 

Year 

Imports 

to 

Total 

Year 

Imports 

to 

Total 

(Fisc.) 

Into 

United 

Exports 

(FISC.) 

Into 

United 

Exports 

(Fisc.) 

Into 

United 

Exports 

Alaska. 

States. 

Alaslia . 

States. 

Alaslca . 

States. 

1903.... 

9,987,164 

10,228,569 

11,840,697 

1908 .... 

17,354,877 

10,967,777 

12,835,682 

1913.... 

21,809,533 

24,634,987 

26,112,978 

1904.... 

10,772,465 

10,165,140 

11,730,830 

1909..,. 

18,409,931 

13,110,910 

14,072,011 

1914.... 

23,029,122 

21,817,408 

22,941,647 

1905 .... 

12,955,165 

10,801,446 

11,889,611 

1910.... 

19,289,687 

12,440,380 

13,608,394 

1915.... 

21,900,928 

27,442,335 

28,443.724 

1906 .... 

15,715,118 

9,272,337 

10,649,735 

1911.... 

16,911,901 

14,055,329 

15,192,074 

1916.... 

28,152,900 

49,468,186 

50,894,548 

1907 .... 

19,536,956 

12,155,198 

13,644,884 

1912.... 

19,980,730 

21,778,064 

22,788,136 

1917 

40.401,573160,773,859 

63,248.753 

PHlLlPPiNE    COMMERCE,    i905--1917. 

Imports  and  exports  of  merchandise,  valuation  expressed  In  dollars. 
[Source — Report  of  the  War  Department.) 


Year  (Fiscal) 


1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912. 
1913 
1914 
1916, 
1916 
1917 


Imports  From  Imports   From 
United  States.  Other  entries 


5,761,498 

4,333,893 

5,155,359 

5,079,487 

4,691,770 

10,775,301 

19,483,658 

20,604,155 

25,387,085 

28,571,821 

22,394,381 

23,804,367 

27,516,656 


25,114,852 
21,465.373 
23,630,496 
25,838,870 
23,100,627 
26,292,329 
30,350,064 
33,945,825 
30,940,498 
27,439,749 
22,085,480 
22,169,258 
24,466,722 


Tot.a!  Imports, 


30,876,350 
25,799,266 
28,785,855 
30,018,3.57 
27,792,397 
37,067,630 
49,833,722 
54,549,980 
56,327,583 
66,011,570 
44,479.861 
45,973,625 
51,983,278 


Exports  to 
United  States 


15,668,026 
11,579,411 
12,079,204 
10,323,233 
10,215,331 
18,741,771 
16,716,956 
21,517,777 
19,848,885 
22,047,105 
23,001.275 
28,638,526 
43,125,393 


Exports  to 
Other  entries 


16,684,589 
20,337,723 
21,634,153 
22,493,334 
20,778,232 
21,122,398 
23,061,673 
28,802,059 
33,834,441 
29,190,943 
27,913,786 
32,825,505 
28,589,982 


Total 
Exports. 


32,352,616 
31,917,134 
33,713,357 
32,816,567 
30,993,563 
39,864,169 
39,778,629 
.50,319,836 
53,683,326 
51,238,048 
50,915,061 
61,464,031 
71,715,375 


Next  to  the  United  States  the  United  Kingdom,  and  then  Japan,  are  the  chief  purchasers  from  the 
Philippines;  and  from  them  most  of  the  Philippine  purchases  are  made.  Manila  hemp  exports  in  1917 
wei-e  166,758  tons,  valued  at  846,807,780,  of  wWch  94,070  tons  ^ent  to  United  States. 

American  Samoa,  1917  (fiscal  year)  commerce:  Imports,  $110,314  (of  which  $93,926  was  from  tie 
United  States);  exports,  8236,496,  all  to  United  States.     Chief  exports  are  nuts. 

Guam  foreign  trade,  1917  (Qscal  year):  Import's,  5286,652  (of  which  $114,302  was  from  the  United 
States);  exports,  880,435,  of  which  846,972  was  to  United  States.     Chief  exports  are  ifiuts. 

Tutuila  imports,  1917:  From  United  States,  893,026;  from  other-  countries,  $16,688;  exports  to  United 
States,  $198,496;  to  other  countries,  nothing. 

Guam  imports,  1917:  From  United  States,  5114,301;  from  other  countries,  $172,351;  exports  to 
United  States,  846,972;  exports  to  other  countries,  833,363. 


PANAMA'S    FOREIGN    TRADE. 


Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

$17,204,984 

7,806,812 

8,756,308 

10,056,993 

51,960,664 
1,827,055 
1,502,475 
1,769,330 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

89,896,988 
9,871,617 

11,397,000 
9,891,553 

52,863,425 
2,064,648 
5,383,028 
3,800,517 

1915 

1916 

1917 

39,037,200 
9,197.454 
9.223,170 

83,422,755 
5,506.725 
5,624,176 

The  chief  exports  in  1917  were  bananas  (82,467,442);  next  were  cocoanuts  (5707,637); 
hides,  and  nispero.    The  chief  Imports  ($7,063,319),  came  from  Uiiited  States. 


then  baiau. 


Foreign  Commerce  of  Guatemala,  1917. 


369 


Year. 


1894. 

1895. 

1896. 

1897. 

1898. 

1899. 

1900. 

J  901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907. 

1908. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911.. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 


HAWAII    COMMERCE-1804-1017. 

(Valuation  Expressed  In  Dollars.) 
IMPORTS   AND    EXPORTS   OF  MERCHANDISE. 


Imports  From 
United  States 


4,354,290 
4,516,319 
5,464,208 
6,800,028 
8,695,592 
15,020,830 
8,709,822 


10,943,063 
11,683,393 
11,763,180 
12,036.675 
14,435,725 
15,038,155 
17,780,778 
20,560,101 
21,925,177 
24,652,905 
30,646,089 
25,773,412 
25,004,764 
31,127,577 
44,330,475 


Imports  From 
Other  entries. 


750,191 
823,466 
599,444 
•  882,600 
1,673,223 
1,048,747 
1,521,376 
2,835.278 
3,036,683 
3,142,013 
3,797,641 
3,014,964 
3,275,242 
4,151,709 
4,682,399 
4,033,574 
4,606,334 
5,190,449 
5,598,444 
6,873,531 
6,282,558 
5,710,023 
6,068,529 
6.482,951 


Total  Imnort'?  I     Exports  to    I     Exports  to 
lotai  imports,  ^j^j^gjj  states.  Other  C'ntrie 


5,104,481 

5,339,785 

6,063,652 

7,682,628 

10,368,815 

16,069,577 

10,231,198 


14,085,076 
15,481,034 
14,768,144 
15,311,917 
18,587,434 
19,720,554 
21,814,352 
25,166,435 
27,115,626 
30,251,349 
37,519,620 
32,055,970 
30,720,787 
37,196,106 
50,813,426 


8,997.069 
8,392,190 
15,460,098 
15,962.029 
17.256,084 
22.517.759 
14,362,899 
27,903,058 
24,730,060 
26,242,869 
25,167,255 
36,112,055 
26,882.199 
29,071,813 
41,640,505 
40,432,945 
46,183,265 
41,207,651 
55,076,070 
42,713,184 
40,678,580 
62,087,250 
64,438,297 
73,174,343 


143,726 

81,948 

65,132 

59,746 

90,661 

110,983 

41,597 

120,211 

63,547 

32,569 

47,620 

59,541 

56,313 

229,914 

597,640 

84,152 

306,763 

730,642 

373,273 

758,646 

915,245 

377,509 

226,747 

923,747 


Total 
Exports. 


9,140,795 
8,474,138 
15,515,230 
16,021,775 
17,346,745 
22,628,742 
14,404,496 
28,023,269 
24,793,607 
26,275,438 
25,204,875 
36,171,596 
26,938,512 
29,301.727 
42,238.145 
40.517.097 
46,490.028 
41.938.293 
65,449,343 
43,471,830 
41,593,825 
62,464,759 
64,665,044 
74,098,090 


PORTO    RICO    COMMERCE,    1899-1917. 

(Valuation  Expressed  in  Dollars.) 


Year. 


1S99.., 

1900.. 

1901.. 

1902.. 

1903 . . 

1904.. 

1905.. 

1906.., 

1907. . , 

1908... 

1909... 

1910... 

1911... 

1912... 

1913... 

1914... 

1915... 

1916... 

1917... 


Imports   From  Imports   From  Exports  to         Exports  to 

United  States.  Other  entries.  Total  Imports.  United  States.  Other  entries 


3 
3 
6 

lo: 

12 

11 

13 
19 
25 
22 
23 
27 
34 
38 
33, 

30! 
35, 
49, 


,954 
,286 
965 
,882 
,245 
,210 
.974 
,224 
,686 
,677 
,G18 
,097 
,671, 
,470, 
1 55, 
56'', 
,929, 
,892, 
.539, 


389 
168 
408 
653 
,845 
,060 
,070 
,881 
,285 
,376 
,545 
,654 
95S 
963 
005 
30S 
831 
515 
249 


5,851,547 
1.965,289 
1,952,728 
2,326,957 
2,203,441 
1,958,969 
2,562,189 
2,602,784 
3,580,887 
3,148,289 
2,925,781 
3,537,201 
4,115,039 
4,501,928 
3,74.'i,0,')7 

3,s:;s,4i9 

2,954,465 
3,058,400 
4,005,975 


9,805,916 
5,251,457 
8.918,136 
13,209,610 
14,449,286 
13,169,029 
16,536,259 
21,827,665 
29,267,172 
25,825,665 
26,544,326 
30,634,855 
38,786,997 
42,972,891 
36,900,062 
36,406,787 
33,884,-296 
38,950,915 
53,545,224 


3,457,557 
2,477,480 
5,641,137 
8,378,766 
11,051,195 
11,722,826 
15,633,145 
19,142,461 
22,070,133 
25,891,261 
26,394,312 
32,095,897 
34,765,409 
42,873,401 
40,538,623 
34,423,180 
42,311,920 
60,952,758 
73,115,224 


6,698,984 
1,833,796 
3,002,679 
4,055.190 
4,037,884 
4,543,077 
3,076,420 
4,115,069 
4,926,167 
4.753,209 
3.996.913 
5,864,617 
5,152,958 
6,832,012 
8,564,942 
8,679,682 
7,044,987 
5.634,937 
7,865,680 


Total 
Exports. 


10,156,541 
4,311,278 
8,643,816 
12,433,956 
15,089,079 
16,265,903 
18,709,565 
23,257,530 
26,996,300 
30,644,470 
30,391,225 
37,960,514 
39,918,367 
49,705,413 
49,103,565 
43,102,762 
49,356,907 
66,587,695 
80,970,904 


The  years  1898  and  1899  are  calendar;  1900  covers  January  1  to  June  30;  1901  and  succeeding  years 
are  fiscal.    Imports  from  the  United  States  in  1899  included  coin  and  bullion. 


FOREiCSyj    COMiViERCE    O?    CUATE!¥iALA,    191 7o 

Value  and  quantity  in  kiios  (kilo=  2.2046  pounds)  of  principal  articles  imported  Into  the  Republic 
in  1917: 


ARTICLES. 


Cotton  goods 

Linen  goods  and  jute 

Woolen  goods  and  cloth .... 

Silk  manufactures , 

Iron  and  steel  manufactures. 
Copper,  lead,  and  tin  manuf't's 
Wood  and  iron  manufactures. . 
Glass,  chinaware,  and  crockery 

Leather  and  skins 

Foodstuffs 


Kilos. 


2,239,719 

675,714 

283,391 

9,572 

1.633,907 

287,124 

343,253 

609,983 

34,901 

3,926,833J 


Value. 


82,294,425 
232,737 
136,940 
112,118 
399,609 
107,958 
177,482 
74,800 
206,952 
437,687 


ARTICLES. 


Paper  and  stationery 

Coal 

Drugs  and  medicines 

Wheat  ffour 

Lumber 

Machinery:  Agricultural 

Railway 

Petroleum,  crude  and  refined 
Wines,  liquors,  and  beer. . .  . 


Kilos. 


687.977 
509,895 
235,510 

10,299,899 

494,821 

524,303 

1,324,499 

28,887,462 
408,282 


Value. 


§239,263 

5,322 

278,263 

1,008,051 

10,632 

157,239 

128,170 

252,826 

77,527 


Chief  exports  from  Guatemala  in  1917: 


Articles. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Articles. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Sugar 

14,998,100 

158,900 

221,870,200 

1,410,200 

89,259,600 

189,300 

104,400 

S449,945 

47,698 

990,790 

74,735 

5,355,677 

59,694 

9,400 

Rubber . 

128,300 
209,300 
13,272,300 
106,300 
118,200 
521.900 
10,000 

864,184 

Wool 

16,698 

Lumber 

138,254 

Coffee:  In  shell 

Honey 

14,693 

Clean 

Hides. 

35,477 

Chicle  (crude  chewing  gum) . . . 

Mineral  products 

46,971 

Fibrous  plants 

Woolen  cloth 

10,016 

370 


Salvador's. Eereign  Trade. 


UNITED    STATES    AND    LATIN    AMERICAN    COMMERCE. 


Imports  Into  the  United 

States. 

EXPORTS  FROM 

THE   UNITED 

STATES. 

Year  (Fiscal),. 

Total. 

From  Latin 
America. 

Pet.  From 

Latin 
America. 

Total. 

To  Latin 
America. 

Pet.  to 

Latin 

America. 

1893          

$866,400,922 

654,994,622 

731,969,965 

779,724,674 

764,730,412 

616,049,654 

697,148,489 

849,941,184 

823,172,165 

903,320,948 

1,025,719,237 

991,087,371 

1.117,513,071 

1,226,562,446 

1,434,421,425 

1,194.341.792 

1,311,920,224 

1.556,947,430 

1,527,226,105 

1,653.264,934 

1,813,003,234 

1,893,925,657 

1,674,169,740 

•  2,197,883,510 

2,659,355,185 

2,946,059,403 

$225,906,702 
218,362,321 
196,616,050 
180,022.806 
156.661,864 
136,854,235 
148,150.097 
167,180,295 
198,233,744 
208.510.497 
225.923.096 
256,227.244 
302.266,593 
294,049,326 
334.572.126 
273.176,971 
324,154,136 
392,955,257 
371,300,234 
423,037,208 
442,419,973 
469,082.667 
557,413.053 
760,132,729 
962,860,611 
985,160,871 

26.08 
33.34 
26.85 
23.09 
20.49 
22.21 
21.25 
19.67 
24.08 
23,08 
22.03 
25.85 
27.05 
23.97 
23.33 
22,87 
24.71 
25.24 
24   31 
25.59 
24.40 
24.77 
33.29 
34.58 
.36.21 
33.44 

J847.665.194 
892.140,572 
807,538,165 
882,606,938 
1,050,993,556 
1,231,482,330 
1,227.023.302 
1,394,483,082 
1,487,764,991 
1,381,719,401 
1,420,141,679 
1,460,827,271 
1,518,561,666 
1,743,864,500 
1,880,851.078 
1,860,773,346 
1,663,011,104 
1,744,984,720 
2,049,320,199 
2,204,322,409 
2,465,884,149 
2,364,579,148 
2,768,589,340 
4,333,482,885 
6,290,048,394 
5,928,285,641 

$88,503,514 

78.924.298 

74,422,739 

76,611,305 

78,320,416 

74,030,291 

88.307,187 

1 10.674,490 

118,772,158 

115,132^413 

116.053,595 

136,615,381 

159,156,657 

209,043,359 

229,966,603 

219,968,513 

201,912,874 

242,123,502 

273,525,344 

296,141,651 

323,775,885 

282,070,153 

251,469,431 

411,193,859 

581,954,695 

725,820,970 

10.44 

1894          

8.85 

1895 

9.22 

1896         

8.68 

1897 

7.45 

1898 

6.01 

1899 

7.20 

1900 

7.94 

1901                

7.98 

1902 

8.33 

1903 

8.  JO 

1904 V 

1905 ' 

9.35 
10.48 

1906 

1907 

11.99 
12.23 

1908 

11.82 

1909 

12.14 

1910 

13.87 

1911 

1912 

13.35 
13.43 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 

13.13 

11.93 

9. OS 

9.49 

9.25 

12.24 

Includes  Mexico.  Central  America,  South  America,  and  the  West  Indies,  with  exception  of  British, 
Danish,  Dutch,  and  French. 

Imports  of  United  States  Irom  and  exports  o(  United  States  to  the  separate  Latin  American  countries 
in  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  were:  Imports  from — Costa  Rica,  87,615,482;  Guatemala,  $7,822,960; 
Hondiu-as,  $5,437,809;  Nicaragua,  $4,590,037;  Panama,  $7,845,390;  Salvador.  86.870,432;  Mexico,  $140.- 
801.097;  Cuba,  $264,024,006;  Dominica,  $8,061,412;  Hayti,  84,815.544;  Argentina.  $195,633,348;  Bolivia, 
8122.917;  Brazil,  $113,511,954;  Chile,  $141,075,704;  Colombia,  $25,975,988:  Ecuador.  510.887.968;  Paragiuiy. 
$69,797;  Peru,  $41,439,218;  Uruguay,  $23,530,682;  Venezuela.  $13,287,738. 

Exports  from  United  SUtes  to  Costa  Rica,  $1,903,224;  Guatemala,  56,292,760;  Honduras,  $4,618,729: 
Nicaragua,  84,377,688;  Panama,  $23,638,116;  Salvador,  $3,479,332;  Mexico,  $106,893,653;  Cuba.  S235.- 
682,045;  Dominica,  $16,011,019;  Hayti,  $8,359,922;  Argentina,  $109,444,001;  BoUvia,  $3,581,395;  Brazil. 
$66,270,046;  Chile,  $63,529,124;  Colombia,  $10,992,199;  Ecuador,  $4,830,408;  Paraguay,  $672,454;  Peru, 
S22,011,.5S3;  Uruguay,  $18,061,880;  Venezuela,  $7,823,007. 

URUGUAY'S    FOREIGN    TRADE. 

Exports  and  Imports,  value  in  Uruguayan  pesos  (1  peso  =  SI. 034): 


Year. 

Imports. 

Expoits. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

1913 

1914 

Pesos. 
50.353,000 
37,235,000 

Pesos. 
68,496,000 
52,419,000 

1915 

1916 

Pesos. 
34.980.000 
33,803.000 

Pesos. 
73.291,000 
08.341,000 

1917 

1 

Pesos. 
38.700,720 

Pesos. 
96,216,925 

Of  the  imports  in  1917,  those  from  United  States  were  valued  at  $18,401,941;  of  the  exports,  those  to 
United  States  were  valued  at  S33. 175.381.  Uruguay's  imports  of  alcoholic  beverages  totalled  1,945.018 
gallons  in  1915. 

Chief  crops  (in  bushels)  1916-17:  Wheat.  5,390,228;  linseed,  121,916:  oats,  1,926,253;  barley,  110,308; 
rye,  1,134;  canary  seed  (pounds),  1,286,600.  i 

Uruguayan  live  stock  has  suffered  from  weather  in  recent  years.  The  rains  In  1914  caused  disease 
and  mortality  among  animals.  An  investigation  in  1914  showed  over  700.000  cattle  and  more  than  5,000,- 
000  sheep  died.  The  drought  of  1916  caused  the  death  of  1,500.000  cattle.  Estimates  based  on  the  amount 
of  sheep  dip  consumed  would  put  the  number  of  sheep  in  tlie  countiT  on  January  1,  1916,  at  13,000,000. 
as  against  over  26.000,000  in  1908. 

The  figures  show  the  tonnage  and  nationality  of  the  3.333  .steam  and  sailing  vessels  arriving  In  the 
foreign  trade  at  Montevideo  during  1917.  and  do  not  include  vessels  calling  merely  to  take  on  or  leavr  a 
pilot:  American  413,068;  Argentine,  880,062;  Bolivian,  89;  BrazlHan,  136,531;  British.  1,814,490;  Daniish. 
60.074;  Dutch.  53.046;  French.  377.576;  Greek,  30,978;  Italian,  173,988;  Japanese  3,503;  Norweglim, 
195,473;  Paraguayan;  794;  Portuguese.  1.751;  Russian.  12,422;  Spanish,  279,199;  Swedish.  20,031;  Uruguay.an, 
354.253:  total.  4.807.328.  

TRADE    OF    DOMINICAN    REPUBLIC. 


Ybar. 

Imports. 

Exports 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

1905 

$2,736,828 

$6,896,098 

1910 

S6.257.691 

$10,849,623 

1914 

$6,729,007 

810.588.787 

1906 

4,065.437 

6,536,378 

1911 

6,949,662 

10.995,546 

1915 

9,118,514 

15,209,061 

1907 

4,948,961 

7,628,356 

1912 

8,217,898 

12,385.248 

1916 

11,664,430 

21,527,873 

1908 

4,767,775 

9,396,487 

1913 

9,272,278 

10.469,947 

1917 1 

17,400,064 

22,446,657 

1909 

4,426.913 

8,113,690 

Of  the  1917  Imports,  $14,320,351  were  from  United  States,  and  SI. 817. 836  from  Porto  Rico. 


SALVADOR 

'S    FOREIGN    TRADE. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Export.s. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

1910 

1911 

1912 

$3,745,249 
5,113,518 
6.774,859 

$7,297,836 
9,438,561 
9,942.184 

1913..... 

1914 

1915 

S6.173.544 
4.958.624 
4,022,167 

$9,928,723 
10.796,495 
10,563,871 

1916 

1917 

$5323,619 
6,869,276 

$11,604,751 
16,050,400 

Rise  of  Living  Costs  in  Iceland. 


371 


— ' '-  '<      *  "  . . , ~^ .  .  •  ■  I rr~^ 

ARGENTINA'S    FOREIGN    COMMERCE-1  895-1  91  7. 


YEAR. 


1895... 
1896... 
1897... 
1898... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901 . . . 
1902 . .  . 


Imports. 


$95,096,438 
112,163,591 
98,288,948 
107.428.900 
116,850,671 
113,485,069 
113,959,749 
103,039,256 


Exports. 


5120,067,790 
116,802,016 
101,169,299 
133,829,458 
184,917,531 
154,600,412 
167,716,102 
179,486,727 


VEAR. 


1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 


Imports. 


8131 
187 
205 
269 
285 
272 
302 
351 


,206,600 
,305,969 
154,420 
970,521 
860,683 
972,736 
756,095 
770,656 


Exports. 


8220,984,524 
264,157,525 
322,843,841 
292,253,829 
296,204,369 
366,005,341 
397,350,528 
372,626,055 


Year. 


1911... 
1912. .. 
1913... 
1914... 
1915.  .. 
1916. .. 
1917... 


Imports. 


$36S 
384 
421 
271, 
226; 
217, 
380, 


,810,686 
,853,469 
,352.542 
,817,900 
,892,733 
409,322 
321,178 


Exports. 


3324,697,538 
480,391,256 
483,504,547 
349,254,141 
558,280,643 
543,345,839 
550,170,049 


The  figures  lor  1917  are  actual  values; 
The  exports  (In  tons,  except  as  noted). 


those  lor  prior  years,  nominal  or  tariff  values. 
were  as  follows  for  1916  and  1917: 


ARTICLES. 


CATTLE  AND  CATTLE  PRODUCTS 

Beef  cattle  (number) 

Horses  (number) 

Frozen  beef 

ChUled  beef 

Frozen  mutton 

Frozen  pigs 

Goatskins 

Sheepskins 

Salted  oxhides 

Dried  oxhides 

Horsehides 

Washed  wool 

Unwashed  wool 

Jerkerf  beef 

Canned  meat 

Frozen  and  canned  tongues . .  . 

Frozen  offal. . ; 

Butter 

Imitation  butter 

Cheese 


1916. 


Tons. 

51,919 

28,314 

411,547 

16,153 

51,318 

1,345 

3,213 

14,551 

77,841 

21,549 

3,950 

3,002 

117,657 

1,120 

•  44,569 

826 

17,871 

5,671 

2,367 

228 


1917. 


Tons. 

71,355 
11,760 
355,842 
38,995 
39,820 
764 

1,904 
11,325 
76,182 
19,305 

3,950 

8,089 
127,433 

7,613 
100,784 

1,807 
13,590 

9,830 
13,312 

2,728 


ARTICLES. 


Tallow  and  fat 

Bones 

AGRICULTURAL   PRODUCTS. 

Oats 

Barley 

Linseed 

Maize 

Potatoes 

Fodder 

Beans  ("porotos") 

Wheat 

Alcohol  (litei's) 

Wheat  flour 

Argentine  wine  (liters) 

Bran  and  pollards 

OU-seed  cake 

FORESTAL   PRODUCTS. 

Quebracho  extract 

Timber 

Quebracho  logs 


1916. 


Tons. 
48,685 
20.452 

804,443 

67.680 

639.914 

!,873,910 


27,963 

2,418 

i,294,876 

i,015,316 

144,290 

.,837,325 

29,035 

18.104 

97,574 

12,613 

161,734 


1917. 


Tons. 
07,810 
25,118 

271,713 

12,321 

141,308 

893,939 

14,760 

6,958 

5,017 

935,828 

3,475,271 

112,465 

3,411,628 

19,872 

17,168 

90,777 
172,538 
133.170 


The  chief  imports  in  1917  were:  Spices  and  condiments;  substances  for  Infusions  and  hot  beverages; 
tobacco,  textiles,  oils,  wooden  ware,  paper  and  paper  goods,  machinery  and  agricultural  Implements,  earthen- 
ware, electrical  materials,  vegetables  and  cereals.  Most  of  the  flour  exports  go  to  Brazil.  The  value  of 
the  1917  meat  exports  was  137,000,000  gold  pesos.  The  cane  harvest  of  1917  yielded  88,076  long  tons 
of  sugar.  Over  54,000,000,000  of  foreign  capital,  half  of  it  British,  is  invested  in  Argentina.  The  railroads, 
in  1917  (fiscal  year),  carried  over  21,000,000  passengers  and  13,000,000  metric  tons  of  freight. 

Of  the  1917  imports,  3133,251,949  came  from  the  United  States;  $80,080,322  from  the  United  Kingdom; 
and  $36,549,985  from  Brazil.  Of  the  1917  exports,  8155,626,288  went  to  the  United  States;  §155,217,373 
to  the  United  Kingdom;  and  870,029,308  to  France. 

The  banks  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  June  30,  1918,  had  a  total  capital  of  $194,000,000,  with  deposits  of 
more  than  §1,040,000,000.    The  average  percentage  of  cash  to  deposits  was  46  per  cent. 

NATIONAL   WEALTH   OF   ARGENTINA. 

(As  of  January  1,  1916,/6stimated  by  Dr.  Alejandro  E.  Bunge,  Director  General  of  the  National  Bureau 

of  Statistics,  Buenos  Ayres.) 


FORM   OP   WEALTH. 

1908. 

1916. 

FORM    OF    WEALTH. 

1908. 

1916. 

lAnds  and  grounds. . . . 

Dollars. 

2,758,000,000 
267,000,000 

2,547,000,000 
637,000,000 
628,000,000 
530,000,000 
637,000,000 
78,000,000 
170,000,000 

Dollars. 

4,510,000,000 
456,000,000 

2,887,000,000 
722,000,000 

1,360,000,000 
530,000,000 
700,000,000 
172,000,000 
187,000,000 

Stock  of  gold 

Dollars. 
168,000,000 
890,000,000 

255,000,000 
255,000,000 

Dollars. 
338,000,000 

Railways 

1,433,000,000 

Cities  and  villages 

Pers'l  &  househ'd  effects 
live  stock 

Street  railways,  teleg's, 
teleph's,  electric,  and 
and  gas  works 

Port  w'ks,  canals,  ships . 

ToUl 

290,000,000 

Agricultural  products .  ■. 
Industrial  products .... 
Agric.  impl.  and  mach'y 
Indastrlal  machinery..  . 

280,000,000 

9,820,000,000 

13,865,000,000 

ARGENTINE  EXPORTS  DURING  FIRST  HALF  OF  1918. 
Cereals  exports,  figures  in  parenthesis  being  the  exports  in  first  half  of  1917:  Wheat,  1,531,332  tons 
(743,535);  com,  195,786  tons  (646,210);  linseed,  246,550  tons  (44,044);  oats,  191,777  tons  (109,614);  flour, 
62,987  (37,722).  Exports  of  butter  for  1918  established  a  record  with  303,879  cases  of  25  kilos  (55  pounds) 
each,  or  7,597  metric  tons — nearly  double  the  shipments  for  corresponding  periods  of  the  preceding  two 
years  Quebracho-extract  shipments  declined  during  the  first  six  montlis  of  1918  as  compared  with  the 
like  period  of  1917,  amounting  to  41,224  tons,  against  49,751  tons.  Shipments  of  ox  hides  were  on  a  smaller 
scale  In  1918.  Up  to  the  end  of  June,  615,940  ox  hides  were  shipped,  as  against  897,556  for  the  corresponding 
period  in  1917.  This  for  dry  hides.  Salt  hides  also  fell  off,  with  1,097,087,  against  1,456,899  last  year. 
Exports  of  wool  were  143,200  bales,  as  against  216,446  for  the  first  half  of  1917.  Argentina  shipped  2,811,- 
434  quarters  of  frozen  beef,  as  against  2,511,406  quarters  In  January-June,  1917.  Chilled-oeef  figures 
are  23,544  quarters,  comparing  with  352,146.  Exports  of  frozen  mutton  amounted  to  454,755  carcasses, 
as  compared  with  665,797;  and  frozen  lamb  to  93,842,  as  against  287,082  last  year. 


RISE    OF    LIVING    COSTS    IN    ICSLANO. 

An  Increase  of  4  per  cent,  in  the  average  prices  of  necessaries  at  Reykjavik  in  July  of  this  year  as 
compared  with  April,  1918,  but  one  of  21 1  per  cent,  when  contrasted  with  their  cost  in  July,  1914,  is  shown 
by  data  appealing  in  the  July  issue  of  Hagtlthlndi,  the  journal  of  the  Icelandic  Statistical  Department. 
If  coal  and  petroleum,  which  show  Increases  over  prices  in  July,  1914,  of  1,051  and  217  per  cent,  respectively, 
be  omitted,  and  the  comparison  be  limited  to  articles  of  food  alone.  It  is  stated  that  the  average  increase 
in  July,  1918,  was  3  per  cent,  as  compared  with  April  last  and  190  per  cent,  as  compared  with  July,  1914. 


872 


Brazil's  Foreign  Trade. 


BRAZIU'S 

FOREIGN    TRADE, 

YEAR. 

Imports, 
MUr's  Gold 

Exports, 
MUr's  Gold 

YEAR. 

Imports, 
MUr's  Gold 

Exports, 
Milr's  Gold 

Year. 

Imports, 
Milr's  Gold 

Exports, 
Mih-'s  Gold 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 ...... 

206,928,160 
215;180,539 
230,359,319 
265,156,005 
295,147,033 
360,245.363 

323,892,546 
327,850,412 
350,490.096 
396,827,679 
471,639,822 
481,572,426 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

315.479,204 
330,127,589 
425,528,658 
469,.526,229 
563,774,552 

392,491,371 
566,439,459 
560.813,753 
594.123,476 
663,547,952 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

597,034,310 
315,312,312 
267,452,367 
358,839,434 
443,453,135 

676,433,896 
413,570,535 
470,847,402 
488,980,254 
596,493,625 

Tlie  mllrels  is  valued  at  about  54  cents.  During  1917  Brazil  had  a  favorable  trade  balance  of  nearly 
$75,000,000.  The  total  foreign  Import  and  export  trade  in  1917  was  as  follows:  Exports,  1,960,164  metric 
tons;  irapoits,  1.986.144  metric  tons.  In  the  same  year,  10,605,000  bags  of  coffee,  132  pounds  each,  were 
exported,  almost  3,000.000  bags  less  than  In  1916,  and  a  decline  of  nearly  7,000.000  bags  as  compared  with 
1915.     The  following  table  shows  the  exports  In  1917  of  the  principal  products  of  Brazil  by  quantities: 


ARTICLES. 


Cotton .........  met.  tons 

Sugar met.  tons 

Rubber met.  tons 

Cacao met.  tons 

CoHee 1,000  bags 

Refrlg'd  meat. . . .  met.  tons 
Carnauba  wax. . .  met.  tons 
Hides met.  tons 


1917. 


5,941 
131,509 
33,980 
55,622 
10,605 
66,452 
3,669 
32,497 


ARTICLES. 


Fruits met.  tons 

Tobacco met.  tons 

Hardwoods met.  tons 

Manganese met.  tons 

Herva  matte.  . .  .met.  tons 

Gold kilos 

Skins met.  tons 


1917. 


38,452 

26,759 

49,568 

532,855 

58,672 

4,375 

2,897 


ARTICLES. 


Jerked  beef met.  tons 

Rice met.  tons 

Potatoes met.  tons 

Mandloca  flour .  .  met.  tons 

Beans met.  tons 

Oil-bearing  fruits.met.  tons 
Corn met.  tons 


1917. 


4,157 
42,590 

3,807 
18,498 
93,428 
31,106 
24,047 


The  value  of  the  principal  exports  for  1917  follows: 

ARTICLES. 

1917. 

ARTICLES. 

1917. 

ARTICLES. 

1917. 

Cotton 

$3,859,000 
17,636,000 
36,397,000 
12,341,000 
112,183,000 
15,252.000 

2,146,000 
15,582,000 

2,443.000 

Tobacco 

$6,132,000 
1,202,000 

14,901,000 
8,176,000 
2,302,000 
5,168,000 
1,158,000 
6,141,000 

Potatoes 

5161,000 

Sugar 

Hardwoods 

Mandloca  flour 

Beans 

31,353,000 

Rubber 

10,463.000 

Cacao 

Herva  matte 

Gold 

Oll-bearlng  fruits .... 
Corn 

1,703,000 

Coffee .      .    . 

1,022,000 

Skins 

Other  products 

Total 

13,661,000 

Carnauba  wax 

Hides 

Rice 

8291,382,000 

Fruits 

The  value  of  the  imports  of  merchandise  into  Brazil  is:      (1913) 
(1915)  8164,423,000;  (1916)  $196,056,000;  (1917)  $216,608,000. 


S326,862,000;    (1914)    8172,628,000; 


UNITED   STATES   TRADE    WITH   BRAZIL. 


The  following  table  shows  the  trade  of- the  United  States  with  Brazil  for  the  years 
parative  purposes  there  Is  also  given  the  trade  between  Brazil  and  Great  Britain: 

1913-1917 

;  foi  corn- 

Year. 

Exports 

to 
United 
States. 

Exports 

to 

Great 

Britain. 

Imports 
From 
United 
States. 

Imports 
From 
Great 

Britain. 

Ye.\r. 

Exports 
to 

United 
States. 

Exports 

to 

Great 

BritaUi. 

Imports 
From 
United 
States. 

Imports 
From 
Great 

Britain. 

1913 

1914 

1915 

$100,947,735 
95,000,632 
120,099.305 

$48,640,663 
38,776,151 
40.129,431 

?39,901,203 
23,275,894 
33.952.551 

$63,232,031 
32,081,884 
27,120,821 

1916 

1917 

$132,067,378 
145,274,931 

$43,918,566 
48,361,641 

$47,669,050 
66,207,970 

$34,564,017 
35,941,717 

Of  the  sugar  exports  from  BrazU  In  1917,  totalling  131,517  tons,  Argentina  took  62,785  tons;  Uruguay, 
34,973  tons;  and  the  United  Kingdom,  23,308  tons.' 

The  following  statement  Indicates  the  coffee  position  up  to  May,  1918: 


- 

Bags. 

Bags. 

In  hands  of  Sao  Paulo  Gov,  Apr.  30, 1918 

2,788,876 

4,150,416 

281,000 

7,325.665 

Less  stock  on  June  30,  1917 

1,100,000 

In  hands  of  commlssarios  and  exporters, 
inclusive  of  600  000  bags  bought  by 

Net  total 

13,445,956 

Sao  Paulo  Government 

To  come  down  to  complete  estimated  crop 
Total  crop ...        

3,554,044 

Exported  ud  to  Anr.  25.  1918 

17,000,000 

Total 

14,545.956 

BRAZILIAN   TRADE   BALANCE   AND   FOREIGN   EXCHANGE. 

(By  the  Latin  American  Division,  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce.) 

In  practically  all  South  American  countries  the  situation  created  by  the  war  has  been  basically  the 
same.  Exports  have  grown  extraordinarily  in  response  to  war-stimulated  demand  from  abroad.  Imports 
have  been  restricted,  mainly  by  reason  of  the  scarcity  of  shipping  and  the  need  of  distributing  tonnage 
with  a  view  to  war  requirements.  A  large  balance  of  trade  has  thus  been  created  in  favor  of  the  Latin 
American  countries.  The  effect  is  seen  in  the  rise  of  exchange.  The  purchases  of  exchange  to  pay  for 
the  imports  have  been  insufficient  to  meet  the  supply  of  exchange  represented  by  the  exports.  Exports, 
Indeed,  have  exceeded  the  sum  of  Imports  and  of  ail  other  outgoings,  such  as  interest  charges  on  foreign 
capital,  and  other  itenxs.  At  the  same  time,  the  normal  corrective  of  such  a  situation — gold  Imports  from 
abroad — has  been  removed  by  the  AlUed  embargo  on  exports  of  that  metal.  Exchange  has  risen  to  spec- 
tacular heights. 


Nicaragua  Commerce. 


373 


CUBA'S    FOREIGN    TRADE. 

Ykar 
(Fiscal) 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year 
(Fiscal) 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year 
(Fiscal) 

Imports. 

Exports. 

1907... 
1908 . . 
1909... 
1910.  .. 

897,334,000 
98,829,000 
86,791,000 

103,446,000 

$114,813,000 
112,122,000 
117,564,000 
114,039,000 

1911... 
1912... 
1913... 
1914. . 

5108,098,000 
120,229,000 
135,810,000 
134,008,000 

5129,199  ;000 
146,788,000 
165,208,000 
170,797,000 

1915.,. 
1916... 
1917... 

3128,132,000 
201,024,000 
261,377,000 

S2in,447,O0C 
336,S01,00C 
357,040.000 

The  imports  by  countries  for  fiscal  years  were: 


COUNTKY. 


1913. 


1914. 


1916. 


1916. 


1917. 


United  States .  .  . 
United  Kingdom. 

Spain 

France 

British  India 

Uruguay 

Porto  Rico 

Canada 

Mexico , 

China 

Italy , 

Argentina , 

Japan 

Netherlands 

Switzerland 

Chile 

Denmark 

Norway 

Germany 

Other  countries. . . 


$71,753,872 

17,411,522 

10,602,302 

8,237,276 

2,360,438 

2,224,436 

3,403,710 

1,498,964 

938,180 

130,943 

624.560 

1,657,796 

170,8.54 

768,316 

385,386 


234,478 

859,400 

9.515.104 

3.033,047 


§71,420.042 

15.618.673 

10.884.058 

8.257,297 

2.896,929 

1,714,298 

2,987,510 

1,664.902 

1,353,899 

118,423 

770,019 

1,457,633 

141,789 

992,353 

480,082 

1,938 

204,802 

1,419,925 

8,275,766 

3,347,800 


878,971,636 

15,003,714 

10.459,426 

4.240,171 

3,023.206 

1.588,847 

2.427.750 

1,309.457 

1,710,763 

151,616 

717,161 

888,244 

97,238 

1.779,861 

143,844 

123,018 

2.53,516 

2.180,724 

2.218,556 

837,342 


$149,590,768 

16.714.838 

12,399.319 

5,358.342 

3,410.185 

2,661.578 

2.427,344 

1,316.667 

1.297,097 

426.662 

735.783 

766,610 

269,426 

852.866 

222,991 

16.412 

256.791 

1.296,031 

64.367 

929,593 


3194,822,85! 

19.352,765 

16,151.692 

0,227.217 

4..578,llfi 

4,239,010 

3.168.664 

3,630,870 

2.573,712 

1,232.787 

738.061 

694.553 

647,067 

526.191 

461.063 

394.600 

380,525 

356,631 

3,170 

197,689 


Total ; 8135,810,590 


8134,008.138 


8128.132,090 


$201,023,670 


S26]  .377.234 


The  chief  imnorts  are:     Petroleum,  iron,  and  steel;  chemicals,  textiles, 
meats,  and  other  foodstuffs.     Flour  is  the  largest  single  item. 
The  exports  by  countries  for  fiscal  years  were: 


wooden  and  leather  goods, 


COUNTRY. 


United  States 

United  Kingdom 

Spain 

FrftncG 

British  West  Indies.' '.'.'.'.'. 

Argentina 

Canada 

Italy 

Portugal 

Mexico 

Netherlands 

Uruguay 

Australia 

Denmark 

Germany 

Other  countries 

Total 

The  chief  exports  are 


1913. 


8132,581,459 

15,663.022 

878.236 

1,825,766 

28,775 

1.518,857 

2,919,664 

36,087 

33,809 

61,065 

594,140 

415,836 

338,885 

249 

6.497.665 

1.814.750 


1914. 


8136,936,029 

18.245,309 

1.326.109 

2,651.792 

36,069 

971.820 

2,065.715 

91.273 

16.250 

30.511 

374.585 

342.797 

412.643 

1.306 

4.430.040 

2.858,603 


1915. 


$185,995,364 

24,218,061 

3,156.967 

854.035 

9.131 

582,969 

1.415.946 

49.899 

58.403 

61.733 

807,547 

239.695 

230,810 

107,229 

644,582 

1,014,951 


5165,208.265   8170,790.8,58   8219,447,322   5336.801,378   $357,039,783 


1916. 


$247,197,416 

52,378.661 

20.339.325 

8.360,324 

2,989 

1.058,718 

770,341 

2,380.642 

34,045 

111.927 

•      1.830,252 

348,847 

228,315 

406,942 

7 

1,346,627 


1917. 


$255,728,562 

63.457,223 

29.807.450 

9.031.096 

1.686,639 

1„501,976 

1.022.164 

764,551 

743.084 

639,198 

341.724 

302,464 

240.351 

185.427 

"*i, 587,874 


Hides  and  skins 

Sugar 

Molasses 

Fruits , 

Grains , 

Sponges 

Iron,  gold,  and  copper  ores.  . 

Vegetable  fibres 

Woods 

Tobacco:  Unmanufactured., 

Manufactured 

Bee  products 

Distilled  products 


1912. 


SI. 666.587 

102.033,516 

1,390,275 

2,264,229 

473,391 

300.273 

3.910.305 

76.388 

1,810.162 

17.399.403 

13,057,484 

820,742 

580,620 


1913. 


82,431,421 

111,797.751 

1.978,071 

2.474.949 

705.223 

295.534 

4,837.798 

214,233 

2.314,105 

21,649,893 

13,913,650 

833.004 

493,549 


1914. 


82,568.154 

119,742,942 

2.434,908 

2.823.672 

739.539 

300,472 

4,263,121 

51.169 

1.660,819 

19.007.213 

13.773,202 

874,408 

531,944 


1915. 


S2.413.711 

175.610.919 

2.726.956 

2.788,829 

724.434 

182,261 

3,798,470 

88.148 

878,685 

14.637,303 

8,312,134 

455.518 

624.311 


1916. 


53.338.309 

252.696.078 

3.169.516 

2.699.341 

847.958 

199,091 

6,978,610 

134.706 

846,167 

16,264,491 

9,495,369 

704.351 

2.916.450 


1917. 


83.151.278 

272.046,686 

7,078.821 

2.541,353 

676,556 

228.091 

12.039.614 

312.165 

1,585,871 

17,626,575 

9,689,418 

983,238 

2.405,114 


Brandy,  alcohol,  and  rum  are  tlie  distilled  products  exported. 


NICARAGUA    COMMERCE. 


Year. 


1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 


Imports.       Exports,   i      Year 


$2,811,257 
2.958.878 
2.583.257 
2.856,305 


$3,359,510 
3.647,984 
3,989,428 
4,545,022 


1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 


Imports. 


$5,724,695 
4,966,820 
5.770.006 
4,134,323 


Exports. 


56.579.414 
3.861,510 
7,712,047 
4,955,050 


YEAR. 


1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


Imports. 


83.159,220 
4,777.597 
6,393,068 


Exports. 


$4,567,201 
5,284,863 
5,975,266 


In  1917  the  coffee  produced  for  exportation  was  21,837,965  pounds,    valued   at   32,000,000. ■ 
to  American  ports.     The  1918  crop  was  estimated  at  37.000.000  pounds. 


largely 


374 


Venezuela. 


COLOMBIA'S    FOREIGN    TRADE. 


Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

YEAR. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

$10,608,394 
12.088,563 
13,513,889 
11.117,927 

$14,613,918 
14,480.711 
14,998.734 
16,040,193 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

317,383,039 
18,108,863 
23,964,623 
28,535,780 

$17,625,152 
22,375,899 
32,221,746 
34,315,252 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917.  .".  .  . 

$20,979,229 
17.840,350 
28,922,529 
23,333,826 

332,632,884 
31,579,131 
40.000,000 
40,531,330 

EXPORTS   TO   THE    UNITED    STATES. 
The  principal  articles  invoiced  for  the  United  States  in  1917.  with  values,  were: 


ARTICLES. 

1917. 

ARTICLES. 

1917. 

ARTICLES. 

lyi/. 

Banano.s 

32,263,231 
52,352 

119.068 

20.443 

14,956,837 

Gold  bullion 

$2,182,698 

2,146,087 

58,068 

544,622 

5,410,846 

585,473 

Ivory,  veg'ble  (Tagua) 
Sugar 

3105  493 

Chemicals:  Ipecac. . . . 

Platinum 

322  289 

Tannic  extract  and 

mangrove 

Cocoanuts 

Silver  bullion 

Hats,  Panama 

Hides:  Cattle 

India  rubber,  crude. . 

Tobacco,  filler  &  wrap . 
All  others  and  total . 

68,565 

$29,365,043 

Coffee 

FOREIGN    TRADE    OF    COSTA    RIGA. 

The  foreign  trade  for  1917  was  valued  at  316,977.406.     The  imports  fell  off  31,008,685,  and  the  exports 
Increased  3260.994.     The  value  of  the  principal  exports  during  the  past  tv/o  years  was: 


ARTICLES. 

1916. 

1917. 

ARTICLES. 

1916. 

1U17. 

Coffee 

$4,242,338 
4.677,313 
1.006,194 

33,779,747 

4,040,625 

996,243 

31,195,327 

$2,565,551 

Bananas 

Total 

Gold  and  silver.   . . 

511,121,172 

511,382,166 

Total  value  of  Costa  Rica  imports  and  exports  during  1917: 


COUNTRIES. 


United  States , . . . 

Germany 

Great  Britain .  . . , 

France , 

Central  America. 
Spanish  America. 


'^r.V     Exports  to. 


From. 


33,887.603 
559 
706.257 
137,973 
216,809 
355,027 


38,119.295 


2.496,191 

31,886 

79,159 

628,188 


COUNTRIES. 


Italy 

Spain 

All  other  countries 


Total . 


'^^Z''     Exports  to. 


From. 


383,527 

112,785 

94,700 


35,595,240 


316,698 
10,749 


311,382,163 


The  1917  coffee  exports  totalled  27,044,550  pounds,  a  decrease  of  10,089,630  pounds  from  1916. 


CHILEAN 

FOREIGN    TRADE. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

imports. 

Exports. 

Year. 

Imports. 

Expoits. 

1912 

1913 

Dollars. 
122,075,994 
120,274,001 

Dollars. 
139,87.8,201 
144,653,312 

1914 

1915 

Dollars. 
98,461.195 
55.922,218 

Dollars. 
109,381,634 
119,529,893 

1916 

1917 

Dollars. 

81,220,102 

129,603,115 

Dollars. 
187,458,432 
259,985,495 

Of  the  1917  imports,  $63,534,755  came  from  the  United  States;  $23,565,591  from  the  United  Kingdom: 
and  $10,176,271  from  Peru.  Of  the  1917  exports,  $155,006,103  went  to  the  United  States;  355,388,670 
to  the  United  Kingdom;  and  $11,657,554  to  France. 

The  value  of  the  chief  imports  from  the  United  States  in  1917  was:  Automobiles.  $3,274,880;  coal, 
$1,827,416:  rice,  $1,171,307;  explosives,  $1,754,487;  iron  and  steel  bars,  $2,031,278;  machinery  (principaUy 
mining  and  electrical).  $5,431,707;  .steel  rails,  $972,131;  printing  paper,  $707,585;  pig  iron,  $531,773;  cotton 
thread  and  yarn,  $646,917;  empty  sacks.  3555,270;  cotton  textiles,  $672,180;  osnaburgs,  3785,547;  hosiery, 
$575,465. 

The  value  of  the  chief  exports  to  the  United  States  in  1917  was:  Beans,  33,581,310;  copper  bars, 
$42,300,000;  hides,  §736,000;  nitrate  of  soda,  340,500,000;  wool,  over  $3,000,000. 

The  total  production  of  nitrate  in  Chile  in  1917  was  65,100,000  Spanish  quintals,  of  101.4  pounds. 

MEXICO'S    TRADE    AND    COMMERCE. 

Mexico's  exports  of  merchandise  to  the  United  States  in  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  amounted, 
In  value,  to  $140,801,097,  as  against  $112,138,677  in  fiscal  year  1917,  and  597,676,544  in  fiscal  year  1916. 
Mexican  imports  of  merchandise  from  the  United  States  in  fiscal  year  1918  totalled,  in  value,  $106,893,653, 
as  against  $79,004,597,  and  $47,945,519  for  1917  and  1916. 

The  exports  from  Mexico,  at  United  States  border  points,  amounted  in  1918.  in  value,  as  follows: 
Nogales.  Ariz..  320.077.045;  El  Paso.  Tex..  $2,034,366;  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  324,541,245;  total,  $46,652,656. 
Mexican  importg  at  thes^e  border  places  were  as  follows:  Nogales,  $10,439,296;  El  Paso,  $4,790,179;  San 
Antonio,  317,909,740. 

Vessels  from  Mexico  to  the  United  States  engaged  in  carrying  merchandise  in  1918  totalled  2,835,702 
tons,  of  which  a  tonnage  of  2,465,757  was  owned  in  the  United  States.  The  net  tonnage  of  ships  clearing 
from  the  United  States  for  Mexico  in  1918  was  2,798.138  tons,  of  which  2.448,549  was  American  owned. 

Exports  of  mineral  oil  (crude  petroleum),  from  Mexico  to  the  United  States  in  1918.  fiscal  year,  were 
1,346,660.866  gallons,  valued  at  317,901,639;  exports  of  lead  to  the  United  States  were  157,662,600  pounds, 
worth  $8,954,884;  exports  of  rubber.  1.033,087  pounds  (3451,915);  exports  of  goatskins,  2,629,706  pounds 
(31,356,813);  cattle  hides,  23.851,700  pounds  (34,586,316);  coffee,  31.118.513  pounds  (33,336,131).  Sisal 
exports  during  the  calendar  year  1917  were  733,832  bales,  of  37*  pounds,  valued  at  319,612,000.  Mexico 
City  shipments  to  the  United  States  in  1917  were  valued  at  $12,934,928.  including  bullion  and  $50,000 
in  securities. 

VENEZUELA. 

In  1917  Venezuela's  chief  exports  were:  Gold,  902,510  grams;  copper  ore,  43,701  tons;  asphalt.  47.124 
tons;  petroleum,  8,651  tons.  Production  of  gold  amounted  to  958,304  grams;  copper  ore,  42,271  tons; 
petroleum,  54,072  tons;  and  coal,  20,165  tons. 

The  public  debt  of  Venezuela,  January  1,  1918,  was  527,817,700. 


World's  Tonnage  Estimo.te. 


375 


FOREIGN    TRADE    OF    BELLIGERENT    AND    NEUTRAL    COUNTRIES. 

(By  the  United  States  Department  of  Commerce,  July,  1918.) 

THE  foreign  trade  of  the  belligerent  countries  and  the  principal  neutrals  from  1913  to  1917  is  given 
in  the  table  below  for  the  years  for  which  statistics  are  available.  Imports  into  the  United  ^ates  increased 
from  Sl,792, 590,000  in  1913  to  S2,952, 468,000  in  1917,  while  exports  increased  from  $2,484,018,000  in 
1913  to  56,231,245,000  in  1917. 

In  comparing  the  figures  given  iu  the  following  table  showing  the  imports  and  exports  of  the  principal 
neutral  and  belligerent  countries,  consideration  should  be  given  to  the  general  increase  in  prices  that  has 
occurred  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 


Countries. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

IMPORTS. 

United  States 

United  Kingdom .... 

Sl.792,596.000 

3.741,048,000 

1,625,317,000 

703,608,000 

707,627  000 

2,773,850,000 

691,538.000 

1,574,990,000 

I      148,022,000 

*     226,872,000 

234,900,000 

119,310,000 

363,257,000 

370,525,000 

2,484,018,000 

3,089,353.000 

1.327.882,000 

484.746.000 

782.869.000 

2,592,239,000 

562,247,000 

1,239.360,000 

105,220,000 

219,049,000 

190,374,000 

61.328,000 

314.965,000 

265.645,090 

§1,789,276,000 

3.390,175,000 

1,235,619,000 

564.206,000 

565,466,000 

81,778,597,000 

4,145,739,000 

2,129,908,000 

907,785,000 

586,300,000 

S2,391,035,090 
4,615,907,000 
2,925,767,000 
1,619,323,000 

52,952,468,000 
5,184,070,000 

Italy 

1,492,314.000 

Austria-Hungary .... 

1,161,439,000 
152,030,000 
194,811,000 
190,086.000 
98.443.000 
296,676,000 
285,333.000 

2,113,624,000 

2,560,730,000 

039,685,000 

426,608,000 

492,386,000 

848,5.52.000 
232,615,000 
306,191,000 
193,548,000 
109,265,000 
265,160.000 
324.246.000 

3,551,671,000 

2,355,048,000 

759,912,000 

488,955,000 

206,945,000 

Spain 

182.595,000 

167,457.000 

Portugal 

Jaoan 

376,701,000 
459,051,000^ 

5,482,641,000 

2,938,616,000 

987,328,000 

596,048,000 

515,834,000 

EXPORTS. 

United  States 

United  Kingdom .... 

6.231,245,000 
2.894,892.000 

Italy >. 

435.974,000 

Oprmanv 

Austria-Hungary .... 
Netherlands 

■1,007, 108,666 
109,886,000 
206,991,000 
161,405.000 
52.883.000 
294.369.000 
229,069,000 

703,193,000 
181,372,000 
352,780,000 
248,489,000 
63,381,000 
352,737,000 
322,321.000 

Spain 

272,310,000 

293,490,000 

Japan  .        

561,479,000 
472,409,000 

798,297,000 

Switzerland 

Notes  — The  Swiss  figures  of  trade  include  bullion  but  not  coin.  In  all  other  cases  trade  in  merchandise 
only  is  shown.  Special  trade — imports  for  consumption  and  exports  of  domestic  merchandise— is  shown 
for  France.  Italy,  Russia  and  Austria-Hungary.  In  all  other  cases  the  figures  represent  total  imports 
and  exports.  The  value  of  imports  into  the  United  States,  as  shown,  represents  the  foreign  market  value 
of  the  goods,  exclusive.of  freight,  insurance  and  other  charges.  In  all  other  cases  "value  on  arrival  Is 
shown.  The  official  valuation  of  imports  and  exports  in  the  Netherlands  is  largely  arbitrary  and  the  totals 
are  probably  larger  than  the  actual  values.  The  Spanish  peseta  has  been  converted  at  the  following  rat«s: 
1913,  S0.18;  1914,  S0.186;  1915  and  1916,  S0.20;  1917.  €0.2275.  The,offlcial  values  of  the  Spanish  schedule 
appear  to  be  below  the  level  of  war-time  prices.  The  Espana  Economlca  y  Financiera  for  March  2,  1918, 
estimates  the  imports  in  1917  at  §334,898,000.  and  the  exports  at  8586,982,000. 

The  British  figures  of  imports  for  the  period  preceding  July,  1917.  include  all  articles  of  food  but  not 
other  goods  which  at  the  time  of  importation  were  the  property  of  the  British  or  other  Allied  Governments. 
The  export  figures  for  the  same  period  include  goods  bought  in  the  United  Kingdom  by  or  on  behalf  of  the 
Allied  Governments,  but  do  not  Include  goods  taken  from  British  Government  stores  and  shipped  on 
Government  vessels.  The  figures  for  1917  Include,  for  the  latter  half  of  the  year,  merchandise  imported 
and  exported  in  public  as  well  as  private  ownership,  except  exports  for  the  use  of  the  British  forces  in  active 
service.    Since  the  beginning  of  the  war  no  trade  reports  have  been  published  by  Germany  or  its  allies. 


WORLD'S    TONNAGE    ESTIMATE. 

The  Repertoire  General  de  la  Marine  Merchande  of  the  French  Bureau  Veritas  for  the  year  1917-18 
gives  the  figures  below  concerning  the  world's  estimated  tonnage  m  1917.  In  tables  steam  vessels  of  100 
tons  and  upward  are  included  and  all  sailing  vessels  in  excess  ol  50  tons  gross. 


COUNTRIES.    Steamers,    ytssels.      Countries 


Great  Britain 
United  States 

Germany 

Norway 

Japan 

France 

Italy 

Holland 

Russia 

Sweden 


Net  tons. 

11,651.522 

2,842,904 

1,679,919 

1,187,.599 

1,155,864 

993,874 

964,360 

940,622 

630,548 

614,822 


Net  tons. 
699,177 
920,122 
336.039 
362.054 
200.002 
321,020 
183.237 
45,938 
565,074 
126;265 


Aust.-Hung. 

Spain 

Denmark. . . 

Greece 

Brazil 

Portugal 

Belgium . . . . 
Argentina..  . 

China 

Chili. 


Steamers.    ^^S       Countries.    Steamers.    ^^^^1 


Net  tons. 

453,961 

459,999 

444,032 

324,245 

280,213 

178,309 

148,216 

87,198 

73,271 

56,928 


Net  tons. 

7,124 

32,399 

118,796 

109,233 

14,812 

41,455. 

3,239 

21,206 

865 

26,254 


Turkey 

Roumania . 

Mexico 

Cuba 

Peru 

Uruguay  . . 
Bulgaria. .. 
Others . .  . . 


Total . 


Net  tons. 
48,727 
46,337 
19.877 
18.577 
15,145 
12,470 
6,522 
44,354 


25,380,445 


Net  tons. 

198,698 

202 

2,483 

15,180 

19,623 

24,413 

393 

29,611 


4,424,541 


Gross  tonnage— Steamers,  42.215.249;  sailing,  4.861,106. 

PROGRESS   IN   AMERICAN   SHIPBUILDING. 

During  August  1918,  merchant  ships  built  in  the  United  States  and  officially  numbered.  Including 
also  thMe  built  for  foreign  owners,  aggi'egated  295,849  gross  tons.  For  the  twelve-month  period  endeil 
AuEiS  31  1918  tLtotSl  output  was  1,787,730  gross  tons.  Before  the  European  war  our  largest  out^)ut 
wSf  6f4,216  ^oss  torn  fOT  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1908.  The  corresponding  output  lor  recent  twelve- 
month  periods  was  as  follows: 


376 


Statistical  Record  of  Canada,  1917. 


STATISTICAL  RECORD  OF  CANADA,  1917. 

(By  R.  H.  Coats,  Dominion  Statistician  and  Director  of  ttie  Census.) 
Area  o!  the  Dominion,  in  square  miles: — land,  3,603,910;  water,  125,755.     Total,  3,729,665. 


Items. 


Population — Estimated 

Immigniiion 

Agriculture — 

Wheat acres 

Oats acres 

Barley acres 

Corn acres 

Potatoes acres 

Hay  and  clover  acres 

Wheat bush. 

Oats bush. 

Barley bush. 

Corn bush. 

Potatoes bush. 

Hay  aud  clover   tons 

Wbeat $ 

Oats $ 

Barley .$ 

Corn $ 

Potatoes $ 

Hay  aud  clover ....  $ 

Horses No. 

Milch  cows No. 

Other  cattle No. 

Sheep No. 

Swine No. 

Hoj-ses $ 

Milch  cows $ 

Other  eaule % 

Sheep % 

Swiue $ 

Total  value 3 

Cheese,home-made .  lbs 
Cheese,  luotory ....  lbs 
Butter,  home-made. lbs 

Butter.  lactory lbs 

Field  Crops — 

Total  area acres 

Total  value $ 

Fisheries- 
Total  value % 

Minerals — 

Gold oz. 

Silver oz. 

Copper lbs. 

Lead lbs. 

Nickel lbs. 

Pig  iron tons 

Coal tons 

Cement bbl. 

Gold % 

Silver ^ 

Copper 


1917. 


8,361,000 
75,374 

14,755,850 

13,313,400 

2,392,200 

234,339 

656,958 

8,225,034 

233,742,850 

403,009,800 

65,057,750 

7,762,700 

79,892,000 

13,684,700 

453,038,600 

277,065,300 

59,654,400 

14,307,200 

80,804,400 

141,376.700 

3,035,254 

2,642,709 

3,325,013 

2,009,717 

2,513,526 

429,123.000 

274,081,000 

270,595,000 

35,576,000 

92,886,000 


1,102,261,000 
1916. 

■  i92',9"68,'597 

'  '82',5'64;i30 

1917. 

42,602,288 

1,144,636,450 

39,208,378 

747,366 

22,150,680 

108,860,358 

32,072,269 

84,470,970 

'  i4,015,'5'S8 

4,768,488 

15,449,426 

18,034,419 

29,588,254 


ITE-VIS. 


Lead ^ $ 

Nickel $ 

Pig  iron S 

Coal $ 

Cement $ 

Total  value % 

Manufactures — 

Employes No 

Capital % 

Salaries  and  wages.  .$ 
Products % 

Trade — 

Exports $ 

Imports $ 

Total $ 

Join  and  bullion — 

Exports $ 

Imports % 

Total $ 

Exports,  domestic — 

Wheat bush. 

Wheat  flour bbl. 

•  Oats bush. 

Hay tons 

Bacon lbs. 

Butter lbs. 

Cheese lbs. 

Wheat % 

Wheat  flour % 

Oats 

Hay 

Bacon % 

Butter 

Cheese 

Fisheries $ 

Forest  produce  — 

Manufactures 

Minerals $ 

Gold 

SUver oz. 

Copper •.  .lbs 

Nickel lbs. 

Coal tons 

Silver 

Copper 

Nickel 

Coal $ 

Impts.  for  consumpt'n 

Agricul.  produce" % 

Animals     and     their 

produce % 

Fisheries $ 


1917. 


3,571,889 
33,778,388 

'  47.643,'646 
7,699,521 


192,982,837 
1915. 


,958,705,230 
283,311,505 
,.381,547,225 

1917. 
,179,211,100 
845,356,306 


,024,587,406 

196,547,048 
28,081,120 


224.028,168 

189,643,846 

7,425,723 

66,368,832 

198,914 

207,213,267 

7,990,435 

180,733,426 

244,394,586 

47,473,474 

33,918,479 

4,219,091 

43,011,439 

2,491,992 

36,721,136 

24,889,253 

55,907,209 

477,399,676 

85,616,907 

19,671,026 

23,844,261 

126,489,800 

82,620,400 

1,899,185 

15,870,803 

22,744,825 

8,925,554 

6  817,034 

69.768,892 

54,929.204 
2.476,279 


Items. 


Forest  produce % 

Manufacturers % 

Minerals $ 

Miscellaneous $ 

Steam  railways — ■ 
Miles  in  operation. .  . 

Capital $ 

Pas'grs  carried... No. 

Freight tons 

Earnings $ 

Expenses $ 

Electric  railways — 
Miles  in  operation. .  . 

Capital % 

Pas'grs  carried. . .  No. 

Freight tous 

Earnings \ 

Expenses ! 

Canals— 

Pas'grs  carried. . .  No 
Freight tons 

Shipping  (sea-going) — 

Entered tons 

Cleared tons 

Total tons 

Tele.,  Govt. — 

Miles  of  line 

Other,  miles  of  line . 
Postal — 

Money  orders  Iss'd.  $ 

Revenue $ 

Expenditure. .  " 

Revenue $ 

Expenditure 

Gross  debt 

Assets 

Net  debt 

Chartered  banlcs — 

Capital  paid  up. 

Assets 

Liabilities  (excluding 
capital  and  resv) 

Deposits 

Savings  banks — 

Deposits  in  P.  O S 

Government $ 

Special $ 

Fire  Insurance — * 

Amount  at  risk. . 

Income  for  year. 
Life  insurance — ♦ 

Amount  at  risk. . 

Income  for  year . 


.$ 


1917. 


6,902,193 

468,502,858 

69,740,069 

173,036,821 

38,604 
,985,119,991 
53,749,68(1 
121,916,272 
310,771,479 
222,890,63? 

1,744 

161,234,793 

629,441,997 

2,333,539 

30,237,664 

20,098,634 

1916. 

263,648 

23,583,491 

1917. 

14,789,781 

14,477,293 


29,267,074 

1916. 

11,843 

43,473 

1917. 

119,695,53s 

20,902,384 

16,300,579 

232,701,294 

148,599,343 

1,382,003,268 

502,816,970 

879,188,298 

111,637,755 
2,111,559,555 

1,866,228,236 
1,643,203,020 

42,582,479 
13,633,610 
44,139,978 
1916. 
3,720,058,236 
27,783,852 

1,402,466,283 
48,237,493 


♦Insurance  transacted  under  Dominion  license. 

«=1  The  fisheries  of  Canada  in  1917  were  valued  at  $39,208,378.  The  ship  arrivals  and  departures  at  the 
various  ports  totaled  65,712,544  tons.  The  merchant  marine  in  1916  numbered  8,660  vessels  of  942,598 
tonnage;  308  ships  were  wrecked  in  that  year  of  242,996  tonnage,  with  51,377,442  damage  and  67  lives  were 
lost.  Steam  railway  mileage  in  1917  was  38,604,  as  against  37,434  miles  in  1916.  From  canals  the  Dominion 
Government  got  $461,423  revenue.  Electrical  energy  developed  at  power  plants  in  1917  totaled  2,888,748,123 
units.  Immigration  added  75,374  to  the  population,  as  against  48,537  in  1916.  Of  the  aliens  3,312  were 
Chinese  who  have  entered  Canada  to  the  number  of  68,525  since  1886.  In  1917  the  time  lost  In  strikes  was 
1,134,970  days.     There  were  37,889  teachers  and  1,281,048  pupils  in  the  public  schools. 

Buth  rate,  per  1,000  living— P.  Ed.  Island  (1915)  18.59;  (1916)  17.04;  Nova  Scotia  (1915)  26.08:  (1916) 
25.12;  Quebec  (1915)  38.64;  Ontario  (1915)  25.15;  (1916)  24.14;  Manitoba  (1914)  33.50;  Saskatchewan 
(1914)  22.83;  Alberta  (1915)  27.36;  (1916)  26.85;  British  Col.  (1915)  16.22;  (1916)  13.12;  Yukon  (1915)  5.99, 

CANADA'S   SILVER   PRODUCTION— 1887-1917. 


ye.^b. 

Ounces. 

Year. 

Ounces. 

YE.tR, 

Ounces. 

Year. 

Ounces. 

1887 

355,083 

1895 

1,578.275 

1903'. 

3,198,581 

1911 

32,559,044 

1888 i  . 

437,232 

1896 

3,205,343 

1904 

3,577,626 

1912 

31,955,560 

1889 

383,318 

1897 

5,558,456 

1905 

6,000,023 

1913 

31,845,803 

1890 

400,687 

1898 

4,452,333 

1906 

8,473,379 

1914 

28,449,821 

1891 

414,523 

1899 

3,411,644 

1907 

12,779,799 
22,106'233 

1915 

26,625,960 

1892 

310,651 

1900 

4,468,225 

1908 

1916 -. 

25,459,741 

1893 

1901 

5,539,192 
4,291,317 

1909 

27,529,473 
32,869,264 

1917 

22,150,680 

1894 

847,69'r 

1902 

i9io: .;:;; 

The  production,  in  ounces,  by  provinces,  in 
Columbia,  2,580,521;  Yukon  Territory,  90,772. 


1917,  was:  Ontario,  19,254,616;  Quebec,  217,191;  British 
New  Brunawick  forests  cover  7,500,000  acres. 


Foreign  Trade  of  Canada,  1868-1918. 


377 


FOREICN 

TRADE    OF    CANADA,    1860-1918. 

YEAR. 

(Fiscal.) 

Total 
Imports. 

Total 
Exports. 

YE.'iR. 

(Fiscal.) 

Votal 
Imports. 

Total 
Exports. 

Year. 
(Fiscal.) 

Total 
Imports. 

Total 
Exports. 

1868.... 
1869.... 
1870  ... 
1871.... 
1872.... 
1873.... 
1874.... 
1875.... 
1876.... 
1877.... 
1878.... 
1879.... 
1S80.... 
1881.... 
1882.... 
1883.... 
1884.... 
1885.... 

Dollars. 

67.090.159 

63.154.941 

66.902,074 

84,214,388 

104,955,367 

124,509,129 

123,180,887 

117,408.568 

92,513,107 

94.126,394 

90,395,851 

78,702,519 

69,900,542 

90,488,329 

111,145,184 

121,861.496 

105,972,978 

99,755,775 

Dollars. 
52,701,720 
56,256,573 
65,571,212 
67,483,268 
78.629,265 
85,943,935 
87,356,093 
76,847,142 
79,726,398 
75,141,654 
79,154,678 
70,786,669 
86,139,703 
97.319,818 
101.766,110 
97,454,204 
89,222,204 
87,211,381 

1SS6.... 

1887,... 

1888.... 

1889.... 

1890.... 

1891.... 

1892.... 

1893.... 

1894.... 

1895... 

1896.... 

1897.... 

1898.... 

1899.... 

1900.... 

1901.... 

1902.... 

Dollars. 
95.992,137 
105,107,210 
100,671,628 
109,098,196 
111,682,573 
111.533.954 
115.160.413 
115.170,830 
100,070,911 
100,675,891 
105,361,161 
106,617,827 
126,307,162 
149,346.459 
172,506.878 
177.700.694 
196,480,190 

Dollars. 

85,194,783 

89,510.242 

90,185,466 

87,210,911 

94,309.367 

97.470.369 

112,154,257 

114,4.30.654 

115,68.".,569 

109,313,484 

116,314,543 

134,457,703 

159,529,545 

154,880.880 

183,237.555 

194,509,143 

209.970,864 

1903.... 

1904.... 

1905.... 

1906.... 

1907 

(9mos.). 

1908.... 

1909.... 

1910.... 

1911.... 

1912.... 

1913.... 

1914.... 

1915.... 

1916.... 

1917.... 

1918  ... 

Dollars. 
224,813,719 
243,590,019 
251,617,119 
283,282,204 

249,737,874 
351,879,955 
288,217,515 
369,815,427 
451,745,108 
521,448,309 
670,089,066 
618,457,144 
455,446,312 
507,817,159 
845,330,903 
962,521,847 

Dollars. 
225,229.761 
211.055,678 
201.472,061 
246,657,802 

192,087,233 
263,368,952 
259,922,366 
298,763,993 
290,000.210 
307,716,151 
377,068,355 
455,437,224 
461,442,509 
779,300,070 
1,179,211,100 
1,540,027.788 

The  imports  are  of  merchandise  for  home  consumption.  The  exports  Include  foreign  as  well  as  domestic 
produce,  the  total  of  foreign  for  1917  being  827,835.332.  In  1917  the  dutiable  merchandise  in  tiie  Imports 
was  valued  at  8461,708,206,  the  free  at  8383,622,697.  The  table  does  not  Include  gold  or  silver  imports  or 
exports. 

Merchandise  imports  from  U.  S.— (1910).  8217.502.415;  (1911),  8274,844,858;  (1912),  $3-30,428,502: 
(1913).  S435.769.050;  (1914),  8395,565,328;  (1915).  8296.632,486;  (1916).  8370.496,574;  (1917).  8664,219,653; 

Merchandise  experts  to  U.  S.— (1910).  8104,199.675;  (1911).  8104.115.823;  (1912),  $102,041,222;  (1913), 
8139,725.953:  (1914),  8163,372,825;   (1915),  8173,320,216;   (1916),  8201,106,488;  (1917),  8280,616,330. 

Merchandise  imports  from  United  Kingdom  (1917).  8107,095.584. 

Merchandise  exports  to  United  Kingdom  (1917),  8742,147.537. 

CANADIAN  COPPER  PRODUCTION— 1886-1917. 


Year. 

Pounds. 

Year. 

Pounds. 

Year. 

Pounds. 

Year. 

Pounds. 

1886 

3.505.000 

1894 

7.708,789 

1902 

38.684,259 

1910 

55,692,369 

1887 

3,260,424 

1895 

7.771,639 

1903 

42,684,454 

1911 

55,648,011 

1888 

5,662,864 

1896 

9,393,0)2 

1904 

41,383,722 

1912 

77,832,127 

1889 

6,781,752 

1897 

13,300,802 

1905 

48,092,753 

1913 

76,976,925 

1890 

6,013,671 

1898 

17,747,136 

1906 

55,609,888 

1914 

75,735,960 

1891 

9,529,401 

1899 

15,078,475 

1907 

56,455,047 

1915 

100.785,150 

1892 

7,087,275 

1900 

18,937,138 

1908 

63,561,809 

1916 

117,150,028 

1893 

8,109,856 

1901 

37,827,019 

1909 

52,493,863 

1917 

1.08,860,358 

Of  the  1917  copper  output,  Ontario  contributed  42,796,213  lbs.;  Quebec,  5,013,560  lbs.;  British  Co- 
lumbia, 57,717,535  lbs. 

OUTPUT  OF  OTHER  CANADIAN  MINES. 

Pig  iron  (1916)  1.169.257  tons,  of  which  Nova  Scotia  yielded  470,055  tons,  and  Ontario  699,202  tons. 

Coal  (1916).  14,015.588  tons,  of  which  Nova  Scotia  contributed  6.324.684  tons;  Alberta,  4,723,139  tons; 
British  Columbia,  2,418,929  tons;  Saskatchewan,  355,304  tons;  New  Brunswick,  188,660  tons;  and  the  Yukon 
4,872  tons. 

Nickel  (1917)  84,470,970  pounds,  valued  at  833,778,388. 

Lead  (1917)  32.072.269  pounds,  valued  at  83.571.889. 

Zinc  ore  (1917),  312,273  tons,  valued  at  82,779,547. 


WOOD  PULP  PRODUCTION,   1916,   IN 

CANADA. 

Province. 

Cords 
Used. 

Value. 
Dollars. 

Ave.  Val. 
Per  Cd, 

Pulp  Prod. 
Tons. 

Kinds  of 
Wood. 

Quantity. 
Cords. 

Value. 
Dollars. 

Quebec 

Ontario 

924,272 

637,612 

79,594 

14,437 

108,997 

6,840,489 
5,016,425 

691,705 
76,040 

579,799 

7.40 
7.87 
7.43 
5.27 
5.32 

686.694 

473.014 

43.374 

14.437 

78.655 

Spruce 

Balsam  Fii" .  . 
Hemlock .... 

Poplar 

Jack  Piue — 

Total 

1,203,557 

433,154 

82.307 

6,177 

39,717 

9,219,414 
3,167,311 

New  Brunswick 

Nova  Scotia 

483,633 
41,695 

British  Columbia 

192,405 

Total 

1,764,912 

13,104,458 

7.42 

1,296,084 

1,764,912 

13,104,468 

CANADA'S    GOLD    OUTPUT,    1876-1917. 


Year. 


1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 


Dollars. 


2,020,233 
1,949,444 
1,538,394 
1,682,358 
1,304,824 
1.313,153 
1,246,268 
1,113,246 
1,058,439 
1.148,829 
1,463,196 
1,187,804 
1,098,610 
1,295.159 


Ozs.  Fine 


97,729 
94,304 
74.420 
76.547 
63,121 
63,524 
60,288 
53,853 
61,202 
65,575 
70,782 
57,460 
53.145 
62,653 


Year. 


1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 


Dollars. 


1,149,776 

930,614 

907,601 

976,603 

1,128,688 

2,083,674 

2,754,774 

6,027,016 

13,775,420 

21,261,584 

27,908,153 

24,128,503 

21,336,667 

18,843,590 


Ozs.  Fine 


55,620 

45,018 

43,905 

47,243 

54,600 

100,798 

133,262 

291,657 

666,386 

1,028,529 

1,350,057 

1,167,216 

1,032,161 

911,539 


Yeak. 


1904. . . 
1905. .  . 
1906... 
1907. .  . 

1908 .  .  . 

1909 .  .  . 
1910. .  . 
1911... 
1912.  .  . 
1913... 
1914. . . 
1915.  .. 
1916... 
1917... 


Dollars. 


16.462,517 

14,159,195 

11,602,120 

8,382,780 

9,842,105 

9,382,230 

10,206,835 

9.781.077 

12,648.794 

16,598,923 

15,983,007 

18,977,901 

19,234,976 

15,449,426 


Ozs.  Fine 


796,374 
684,951 
656,415 
405,517 
476,112 
453,865 
493,707 
473,169 
611,885 
802,973 
773,178 
918,056 
930,492 
747,366 


The  gold  production  1862-1875  is  valued  at  about  $39,000,000.  The  value  of  the  production,  by  prov- 
inces, in  1916,  was:  Nova  Scotia,  894,305;  Quebec,  821,375;  Ontai-lo,  $10,180,485;  Alberta,  $1,695;  British 
Columbia,  34,500,216;  Yukon  Territory,  34,396,900. 


378 


Foreign  Trade  of  Spain. 


FOREIGN  TRADE  OF  CANADA,  1868-1917— <7on««rewe(l. 


CANADIAN  EXPENDITURE  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  WAR  APPROPRIATION. 

The  total  expenditure  on  account  of  war  appropriation  for  the  year  ended  March  31,  1917,  was  $306,488," 
815,  of  which  $298,291,031  was  expended  by  the  Department  of  Militia  and  Defence  and  $8,197,784  was 
expended  by  other  departments.  To  these  sums  may  be  added  the  expenditure  on  account  of  war  appro- 
priation prior  to  April  1,  1916,  viz.,  $226,948,231,  of  which  8213,610,030  was  expended  by  the  Department 
of  Militia  and  Defence  and  $13,338,201  by  other  Departments.  Altogether,  therefore,  the  grand  total  to 
March  31,  1917,  amounted  to  ^533,437,046,  of  which  8511.901,061  was  expended  by  the  Department  ot 
Militia  and  Defence  and  $21,535,985  by  other  Departments. 

The  war  expenditures  by  the  Canadian  Militia  Department  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  March  31,  1917, 
were  $298,291,031,  of  which  $186,465,303  was  for  pay  allowances  and  subsistence,  including  assigned  pay 
and  separation  allowance.  The  next  largest  item  was  841,366,667  for  maintenance  of  troops  in  France. 
Other  totals  were:  clothing  (except  boots)  814,598,456;  small  arms  and  ammunition,  $8,161,306;  traveling 
and  transport,  $11,245,494;  bedding,  furniture,  etc.,  54,769,191.  According  to  A.  K.  Maclean,  Acting 
Minister  of  Finance,  the  Canadian  expenditures  on  war  account  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  March  31,  1918, 
were  8345,000,000,  making  a  total  war  outlay,  to  then,  of  5878,000,000.  The  net  debt  of  Canada  was 
$336,000,000  before  the  war;  and  on  March  31,  1918,  it  was  $1,200,000,000.  The  commitments  of  Canada 
for  1918-19  fiscal  year  are:  For  civil  budget,  $230,000,000;  war  expenditure,  8425,000,000;  advances  to 
the  Imperial-  Government,  financing  export  trade  with  Great  Britain,  8325.000,000;  making  a  total  of 
$980,000,000.  To  discharge  this  Mr.  Maclean  estimated  a  revenue  of  8270,000,000;  advanced  by  Great 
Britain  for  maintenance  of  Canadian  troops  overseas,  8300,000,000;  and  unexpended  balance  Victory  Loan, 
8130,000,000;  making  a  total  of  $700,000,000,  with  a  balance  of  5280,000,000  to  be  provided  for  by  loans. 
This  does  not  include  commitments  for  expenditure  on  account  of  the  purchase  of  railway  equipment  or 
Canadian  Northern  securities.  An  estimated  840,000,000  of  additional  revenue  is  provided  for  by  the 
extension  of  the  business  profits  war  tax,  increase  in  income  tax,  increase  in  excise  taxes  on  manufactured 
tobacco,  a  customs  tax  at  80.10  per  pound  on  tea,  increased  customs  tax  on  green  coffee  and  chicory,  and 
the  increase  ot  the  customs  duty  on  temperance  beers  to  40  per  cent,  ad  valorem.  There  is  Increased  taxa- 
tion on  sleeping-car  berths  and  parlor-car  seats,  and  excise  taxes  of  $0.01  per  100  on  matches,  80.08  per 
pack  on  playing  cards,  customs  duty  of  80.05  per  lineal  foot  moving  picture  films,  and  a  special  war  excise 
tax  of  10  per  cent,  upon  the  selling  price  of  automobiles,  jewelry,  gramophones,  phonographs,  talking  ma- 
chines, mechanical  pianos,  organ  players,  and  records  when  imported  into  or  manufactured  in  Canada. 

CANADIAN  WAR  PENSIONS. 

A  Board  of  Pension  Commissioners  for  Canada,  consisting  of  three  members,  was  created  by  Order  In 
Council  of  June  3,  1916,  with  exclusive  jurisdiction  and  authority  to  deal  with  the  granting  and  payment  of 
naval  and  military  pensions  and  other  allowances  to  persons  in  the  Canadian  Naval  Forces  and  the  Canadian 
Expeditionary  Force  and  to  their  dependents.  Tr.ere  Is  no  appeal  from  the  decisions  of  the  commission 
but  applicants  may  appear  in  person  or  by  counsel  before  the  commission  to  present  complaints.  The  scale 
of  pensions  was  revised  by  Order  in  Council  of  October  22,  1917.  Under  the  new  scale  twenty  classes  are 
provided  ranging  from  5  per  cent,  disablement  up  to  100  per  cent,  or  total  disablement.  The  pensions  range 
for  the  rank  and  file,  according  to  the  class  of  disablement,  from  $30  up  to  S600  per  annum  and  for  disable- 
ment from  S600  for  rank  and  file  up  to  $2,700  for  persons  ot  and  above  the  rank  of  commodore  or  brigadier- 
general.  A  further  annual  allowance  Is  made  for  each  child,  which  for  all  men  below  the  rank  of  commander 
or  lieutenant-colonel,  ranges  according  to  class  of  disablement,  from  86  up  to  896.  Married  men,  not  above 
the  rank  of  naval  sub-lieutenant  or  lieutenant  of  militia,  receive  an  additional  allowance  which  ranges,  for 
all  ranks,  from  $4.80  to  $96.  Men  of  these  same  ranks  may  also  receive  an  addition  not  exceeding  8300  if 
totally  disabled  and  helpless.  In  the  case  of  dependents  of  deceased  sailors  and  soldiers,  payments  to 
widows  are  made  only  until  remarriage,  and  to  dependent  parents  and  brothers  and  sisters  only  when  there 
is  no  widow  or  child.   The  age  limit  for  the  payment  of  pensions  to  children  is  16  for  boys  and  17  for  girls. 

The  following  statement  gives  particulars  of  the  loans  issued  by  the  Dominion  Government  up  to 
the  end  of  1917: 


Title  op  Loan. 

Rate  of 
Interest. 

Year  of 
Issue. 

Date  of  Maturity. 

Amount. 

England:  4H  per  cent,  bond  loan     

Per  Cent. 
4H 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5 
5M 

1915 
1915 
1916 
1915 
1917 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1917 

1920-1925 

Dollars. 
24,333,333.33 

United  States:  New  York  temporary  loan,  1915.  . 
Public  service  loan 

1917 

45,000,000.00 

5,  10,  and  15  years.. 

1935 

1919 

75,000,000.00 

5  per  cent,  bond  loan.  New  York 

893,000.00 

65,000,000.00 

Canada:  5  per  cent,  war  loan  (1915-1925) 

5  per  cent,  war  loan  (1916-1931) 

1925 

100,000,000.00 

1931 

100,000,000.00 

5  per  cent,  war  loan  (1917-1937) 

1937 

150,000,000.00 

5  ^  per  cent.  Victory  loan .' 

5,  10,  and  15  years.. 

396,000,000.00 

Total 

956,226,333.33 

According  to  figures  compiled  by  the  Monetary  Times.  Canada's  war  orders  from  the  outbreak  of  war 
to  the  end  of  1917  totaled  81,812,000,000,  and  during  1917  the  value  of  munition  orders  totaled  8338,000,000. 
The  value  of  munition  orders  placed  up  to  September  30,  1917,  was  $262,000,000,  of  shipbuilding  orders 
$46,730,000,  and  of  aU  orders  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  including  shipbuilding,  $972,000,000.  Tll9 
number  of  people  engaged  in  the  munitions  industry  in  Canada  was  approximately  225,000. 


FOREIGN    TRADE    OF    SPAIN. 

The  value  of  Spain's  Imports  in  1917  was  8239,110,098,  compared  with  8230,664,231  in  1916.  Imports 
of  gold  bulUon  and  coin  amounted  to  8106,339,378,  compared  with  863,968,257  in  1916.  Aside  from  gold 
and  silver  bulUon  and  coin,  the  Imports  decreased  from  8164,424,496  in  1916  to  $132,488,042  In  1917.  The 
falling  off  was  greatest  in  the  value  of  raw  materials,  followed  by  alimentary  products  and  manufactured 
articles,  while  the  value  of  Uve  animals  imported  increased.  The  value  of  all  exports  from  Spain  amounted 
in  1917  to  $234,602,052,  against  $249,008,091  in  1916,  the  heaviest  decrease  being  in  the  export  of  alimentary 
products,  followed  by  manufactured  articles  and  raw  materials.  Eliminating  the  import  and  export  of 
gold  and  silver  In  bullion  and  coin,  the  balance  of  trade  was  in  Spain's  favor  by  $99,723,795. 

The  declared  exports  from  Spain  to  the  United  States  and  possessions  in  1917  were  valued  as  follows: 
To  United  States,  $35,733,492,  against  $33,768,822  in  1916;  Philippines,  $985,330,  against  $1,022,757; 
Porto  Rico,  $887,593,  against  $851,601;  total,  $37,606,415,  against  $35,643,180. 

Cereal  crops.  In  metric  tons,  in  1917  were:  Wheat,  3,883,020;  barley,  1,697,324;  oats,  479,877;  rye, 
614,790;  corn,  746,023.  From  an  area  of  3,198,407  acres  devoted  to  viniculture,  a  crop  ot  4,069,314  metric 
tons  of  grapes  was  gathered  in  1917;  3,856,691  tons  were  devoted  to  wine-making  and  627,333,273  gallons 
ot  must  were  produced. 


The  British  Empire. 


379 


POPULATION    OF    THE    BRITISH    EMPIRE. 


Countries. 


England 

Wales 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Gibraltar 

Malta  and  f5ozo 

Empire  of  iudla 

Ceylon 

C^rus 

Weihaiwei 

Straits  Settlements.  .  .  . 
Federated  Malay  States 

Other  Malay  States 

Hongkong 

North  Borneo 

Sarawak 

Brunei 

Cape  Province "1  Now  form 

Natal I  the  Union 

Transvaal f    of  South 

Orange  Free  State J      Africa. 

St.  Helena 

Ascension 

Sierra  Leone  and  Protectorate 

Gold  Coast 

Mauritius 

Nigeria  (Northern  &  Southern) 

Rhodesia 

East  Africa  Protectorate .  • 

Basutoland 

Bechuanaland 

Gambia 

Somaliland 

Uganda 

Zanzibar  and  Pemha 

Nyassaland 

Egypt 

Sudan  (Anglo-lTgyptl.'in) 

Seychelles 

Ontario 

Quebec 

New  Brunswick 

Nova  Scotia 

Manitoba 

British  Columbia 

Yukon  Territory , 

Northwest  Territories 

Alberta 

Saskatchewan 

Prince  Edward  Island 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador. 

British  Guiana 

British  Honduras 

Jamaica 

Trinidad  and  Tobago 

Barbados •. 

Bahamas 

Bermudas 

T^eeward  Islands 

Windward  Islands 

Falkland  Islands 

South  Georgia 

New  South  Wales 

Victoria 

South  Australia 

Queensland 

Western  Australia 

Tasmania 

New  Zealand 

Fiji. 


Area  in 
Square  Miles 


Papua 

Pacific  Islands . 


60,874 

7,468 

30,405 

32,586 

2 

118 

1,802,620 

25,332 

3,584 

285 

1,600 

27,506 

24,970 

391 

31,100 

42,000 

4,000 

277,000 

35,290 

110,400 

50,400 

47 

34 

31,000 

80,000 

720 

336,000 

438,575 

246,822 

11,716 

275,000 

4,500 

68,000 

109,119 

1,020 

40,000 

350,000 

985,000 

156 

407,262 

706,834 

28,000 

21,428 

252,000 

355,855 

207,100 

1,242,224 

255,300 

251,700 

2,184 

162,734 

89,480 

8,600 

4,200 

1,868 

166 

4,404 

20 

715 

527 

6,500 

1,000 

309,460 

87,884 

380,070 

670,500 

976,000 

26,215 

105,000 

7,435 

90,540 

12,500 


How  Acquired  by  England. 


Conquest 

Union 

Conquest 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Conquest 

Annexation 

Annexation 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cessid  » 

Treaty  cessk-n 

Formal  prot.otorate 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Annexation 

.Annexation 

Annexation 

Conquest 

Occupation 

Cession  and  protectorate.  .  . , 

Treaty  cession 

Conquest  and  cession 

Treaty  cession 

.Annexation 

Treaty  cession 

Annexation 

Annexation 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Protectorate 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Occupation  and  protectorate. 

Conquest 

Treaty  cession 

Conquest  and  ces.'sion 

Conquest  and  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Cepquost  and  cession 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Conquest 

Treaty  cession 

Conquest  and  cession 

Conquest 

Conquest 

Conquest 

Settlement. 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Cession 

Treaty  cession 

Treaty  cession 

Settlenient 

Settlement.  .7 

Settlement 

Settlement 

Settlement .' . . . . 

Settlement 

Settlement  and  conquest .  .  .  . 
Cession  from  the  natives.  .  . . 

Annexation 

Treaty  cession 


Date. 


1282 

1603 

1172 

1713 

1814 
1757-1897 

1815 

1914 

1898 
1785-1909 
1874-1888 

1909 

1842 

1888 

1842 
1888,  1906 

1814 

1843 

1900 

1900 

1673 

1815 
1787, 1896 

1672 
1810, 1814 

1891 

1889 

1888 

1884 

1895 

1807 

1884 

1894 

1890 

1891 
1882, 1914 

1898 

1814 

1759-1763 

1759-1763 

1763 
1627-1713 

1813 

1670 

1670 

1670 

1670 

1670 

1763 

1583 
1803-1814 

1798 

1655 

1797 

1605 

1629 

1612 

1623dl659 

1763-1783 

1771 

1771 

1788 

1832 

1836 

1824 

1828 

1803 

1845 

1874 

1884 
1893-1906 


Population. 


r  34.047,659 

I  2,027,610 

4,747,167 

4,381,398 

19,000 

218,54? 

31.5,1.^  ■ 

4,2- 


77s 

1,115,0^. 

970,000 

509,160 

204,000 

650,000 

30,000 

2,565,000 

1,200,000 

1,686,212 

529,000 

3,550 

196 

1,403,132 

1,503,386 

383,257 

17,500,000 

1,750,000 

4,040,000 

405,903 

126,000 

146,000 

310,000 

2,927,494 

200,000 

1,090,000 

11,500,000 

3,380,000 

23,800 

2.523,274 

2,003,000 

352,000 

492,600 

455,614 

502,000 

8,500 

18,481 

539,000 

075,000 

94,000 

251,726 

309,938 

41,543 

883,376 

357,553 

176,397 

55,639 

20,443 

128,000 

170,000 

3,223 

1,000 

1,869,084 

1,417,803 

439,222 

680,446 

318,016 

201,025 

1,159,720 

155,000 

370,000 

200,000 


Population  figures  of  England  and  Wales  are  tliose  of  1911  census. 

POPULATION  OF  THE  UNITED  KIN'GDO.M  BY  SUCCESSIVE  CENSUSES. 


184l. 

1851. 

1861. 

1871. 

1881. 

1891. 

1901. 

1911. 

England. . 
Wales.. . . 
Scotland . 
Ireland... 

16,002,443 

911,705 

2,620,184 

8,196,697 

16,921,888 
1,005,721 
2,888,742 
6,574,278 

18,954,444 
1,111,780 
3,062,294 
5,798,967 

21,495,131 
1,217,135 
3,360,018 
5,412,377 

24,613,926 
1,360,513 
3,735,573 
5,174,836 

27,499,984 
1,501,034 
4,033,103 
4,706,448 

}  32,627,843 

4.472,103 
4,458,776 

34,050,221 
2,030,271 
4,760,904 
4,390.219 

Totals. 

26,730,929 

27,390,629 

28,927.485 

31,484.661 

34,884,848 

37.888,439 

41,458.721 

45,231,615 

380 


Extent  of  Sickness  Among  Hv,man  Beings. 

POPULATION    OF    GREAT    BRITAIN    AND    IRELAND. 

(Census  of  1811.) 
EKGI,AND. 


Counties. 

Popiilnlioii. 

Counties. 

Population. 

COUNllKS. 

Poniil.ition. 

COU.MTIBS. 

Populntion. 

Bedford 

Berks 

197,660 
303,428 
193,951 
215,122 
895,410 
325,315 
265,780 
547,768 
701,981 
220,502 
1,377,176 

Essex  

Oloucester 

Hants 

1,329.466 
672,581 
915,503 
113,088 
286,998 
48,105 

1,019,870 

4,825,739 
481,115 
557,543 

4,522,961 

Middlesex 

Monmouth 

Norfolk 

Nortliamptou  . 

No  r  thumber- 

laud 

1,144.758 
414,730 
488,630 
363,892 

697,014 
716,517 
198,499 
21,168 
266,054 
491,320 

Stafford 

Suffolk 

1,359,718 
382,748 

Bucks 

Surrey.' 

919,977 

Cambridge 

Vail 

Hereford 

Hertford '. 

Huntingdon... 
Kent 

Sussex 

Warwick 

Westmoreland 

Wiltshire 

Worcester.  

Vork 

666,876 

1,024,195 

63,575 

rlaiid. . . 

Nottingham.  . 
Oxford 

279,391 

Lancaster 

Leicester 

Lincoln  

London 

562,383 
3,969,151 

Rutland 

Salop 

Total 

Somerset 

34,047,659 

SCOTLAND. 


Aberdeen 

Argyll 

Ayr  

Banff 

Berwick 

Bute 

Caithness 

Clackmannan. 

Dumbarton 

Dumfries 


311,350 
70.901 

268,332 
61,402 
29,643 
18,186 
32,008 
31,121 

139,831 
72,824 


Edinburgh ... 
Elgin    or 

Moray 

Fife 

Forfar 

Haddington . . 

Inverness 

Kincardine  .  . 

Kinros.s 

Kirkcudhriglit 


507,662 

43,427 

267,794 

281,415 

43,253' 

87,2701 

41,0071 

7,5281 

38,363 


Lanark 

Linlithgow 

Nairn 

Orkney 

Peebles 

Pertli 

Renfrew 

Ross  and  Cro- 
marty  


1,447,113  I  Roxburgh. . 

79,456:  Selkirk 

9,319  ^.Shetland... 

Stirling 

Sutherland 
Wigtown..,. 


25,896' 

15,258 

124,339' 

314,594| 

77,353 1 


Total. 


47.192 

24,600 

27,911 

161,003 

20,180 
31,999 


4,759,531 


WALKS. 

Anglesey 

Brecon 

35,368 
56,380 
80,768 

Carnarvon 

Denbigh 

Flint 

141,776  IMerifvMPdi 

60,292  1  Radnor 

17,504 

136,819 

Montgomery  . , 

62,202 

84,869  1    Total 

Cardiijan 

69,737 
1.130,818 

Pembroke 

1 

2,027,610 

Carmarthen.  .. 

151,0771 

Glamorgan 

IRELAND. 

LeiXSTEB. 

Cac-low 

Dublin 

ICildare 

ICilkenny.... 

King's 

Longford  .... 

Louth 

Meath 

Cineeu'.s 


36,151 

476,909 
66,498 
74,821 
66,769| 
43,794 
63,402 
64,920 
54,362 


Westmeath. 

Wexford 

Wicklow 

MllNSTEB. 

Clare 

Cork&C'o.Boro 

Kerry 

Limerick 

Tipperary  

Waterford 


59,812 

102,287 

60,603 

104,064 
391,190 
159,268 
142,846 
151,951 
83,766 


Ul^STl'^R. 

Antrim  &  Bel- 

fast Co.  Boro. 

478,603 

.Armagh 

119,625 

Cavan 

91,071 

Donegal 

168,420 

Down 

304,589 
61,811 

Fermanagh 

Londonderry. . 

140,621 

Mona^han 

71,395 

Tyrone. 

CONNAUQHT. 

Galway 

Leitrim 

Mayo 

Roscommon.  . 
Sligo 


Total. 


42,437 

181,686 
63,557 

191,969 
93,90< 
78,850 

4.381.951 


The  population  returns  are  from  the  oCQcial  census  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  taken  in  the  Spring 
of  1911.  The  total  population  of  the  United  Kingdom,  a  month  before  the  outbreak  of  war,  was  officially 
estimated  at  46,089,249.  The  number  of  persons  to  the  square  mile  was  in  1911:  England,  618.0;  Scotland, 
156.5;  Ireland,  .135.6. 

EXTENT    OF    SICKNESS    AMONG    HUMAN    BEINGS. 

(By  the  National  Industrial  Conference  Board.) 
A  British  statistician,  Farr,  estimates  that  for  every  death  there  are,  on  the  average,  two  persons 
r:onstantly  sick.  On  the  basis  of  the  annual  death  rate  in  the  United  States  in  recent  years — about  14  per 
1 ,000 — such  an  estimate  indicates  that  about  3  per  cent,  of  our  population  is  constantly  disabled  by  sick- 
ness, and  that  on  the  average  every  man,  woman,  and  child  loses  more  than  ten  days  per  year  through 
illness.  The  National  Conference  on  Industrial  Diseases,  held  in  Chicago  in  1910,  estimated  that  a  total 
of  284,750,000  days  were  lost  through  sickness  by  the  33,500,000  men,  women,  and  children  then  engaged 
in  gainful  occupations  in  the  United  States,  an  average  of  eight  and  one-half  days  per  worker.  This  is  in 
agreement  with  sickness  surveys  made  by  a  large  New  York  insurance  company  among  policyholders  and 
others.  Seven  community  surveys  have  been  made  by  the  company  in  widely  separated  localities,  which 
included  a  large  variety  of  community  types.  A  fair  percentage  of  the  total  population  of  each  place  was 
studied,  embracing  a  large  proportion  of  the  wage-earning  population,  and  covering  In  most  instances  periods 
of  either  one  or  two  weeks.  The  percentages  of  those  sick  and  the  percentages  of  those  who  were  so  sick 
as  to  be  unable  to  work  are  given  in  the  following  summary: 


Community. 


Rochester,  N.  Y 

Trenton,  N.J 

State  of  North  Carohna 

Boston,  Mass 

Chelsea  Neighborh'd,  N.Y.C 
Cities  in  Pennsylvania  (white) 
Cities  In  W.  Virginia  (white) . . 


Sur- 

% 
Sick. 

%  Un- 

vey 

able  to 

Made. 

Work. 

1915 

2.31 

1.92 

1915 

2.55 

1.98 

1916 

2.85 

2.29 

1916 

1.96 

1.80 

1917 

1.48 

1.38 

1917 

1.75 

1.65 

1917 

3.30 

3.11 

Community. 


Cities  in  Penn.  and  W. 

(white  and  colored) 

(Colored) 

Pittsburgh  (white) , 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Average,  all  surveys 


Va.; 


Sur- 
vey 
Made. 


1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 


% 
Sick. 


1.96 
2.31 
1.62 
2.52 
2.02 


%  Un- 
able  to 
Work. 


1.85 
2.18 
1.55 
2.39 
1.88 


This  shows  that  on  the  average  2.02%  of  the  population  studied  were  sick  and  that  1.88%  were  unable 
to  work,  the  proportions  varying  considerably  in  different  localities.  With  respect  to  the  duration  of 
illness,  the  Rochester  survey  showed  that  50%  of  those  who  were  sick  had  been  incapacitated  a  year  or 
more;  the  Boston  survey  showed  41.2% ;  and  the  surveys  made  In  Pennsylvania  cities,  24.7%.  In  Rochester 
59.3%  of  individuals  too  sick  to  work  were  found  to  have  been  ill  for  more  than  20  weeks;  in  Boston,  50.1% ; 
in  Pennsylvania  (white  persons),  28.9% ;  in  JSTorth  Carolina,  32.9% ;  In  most  of  the  other  surveys,  over  30%  . 


Great  Britain's  Trade,  Production,  Revenue,  Etc. 


381 


GREAT    BRITAIN'S    TRADE,    PRODUCTION,    REVENUE,    ETC. 

AGGREGATE  value  of  declared  exports  during  1917  from  United  Ivingdom  to  United  States,  $262,891,937, 
against  S305.414.269  in  1916.  Exports  declared  at  London  decreased  833,000,000,  Liverpool  $6,000,000. 
Nottingham  nearly  $5,000,000.    Exports  from  Dundee  increased  by  about  S2,000,000. 

BRITISH  TRADE  FIRST  HALF  OF  1918. 
The  total  values  of  all  imports  into  the  United  Kingdom  during  the  first  six  months  of  1918  were  S3, 173,- 
851.129.  British  merchandise  exported  aggregated  81,201,211,086  for  the  same  period,  while  foreign  and 
colonial  merchandise  re-exported  totaled  881,650,921.  In  imports  of  food,  drink,  and  tobacco,  meat  increased 
by  $192,521,782  in  the  first  six  months  of  1918,  compared  with  the  corresponding  period  in  1917;  non- 
dutiable  food  and  drink  Increased  by  841,438,505  over  the  1917  period:  dutiable  food  and  drink  increased 
by  834,743,496  compared  with  the  first  half  of  1917.  Tobacco  imports  increased  by  815,738,731  over  1917, 
which  was  approximately  the  increase  over  1916  also.  On  the  other  hand,  imports  of  grain  and  fiour  in 
the  1918  period  were  valued  at  835,734,608  less  than  in  1917.  Of  raw  materials  imported,  the  chief  increases 
occurred  in  raw  cotton,  which  rose  by  8157,324,000  over  the  1917  period;  oil  seeds,  nuts,  oils,  gums,  and 
greases  showed  gains  of  869,580,360.  and  wood  and  timber  830.552,000.  Wool  imjiorta  declined  by  nearly 
844,000,000  compared  with  the  1917  period.  The  principal  increases  in  imports  of  articles  wholly  or  mainly 
manufactured  occurred  in  metals  and  manufactures  thereof,  which  rose  by  837,344,553;  and  chemicals, 
drugs,  dyes,  and  colors  showed  gains  of  $32,606,360.  In  the  exports  of  British  merchandise,  food,  drink, 
■  and  tobacco  showed  an  aggregate  decrease  of  815,937,792.  Exports  of  tobacco  .ilone  showed  a  small 
increase  of  about  $340.  In  exports  of  raw  materials  there  was  a  total  decrease  of  825,923,163,  due  mainly 
to  a  decrease  in  coal,  coke,  and  manufactured  fuel.  Of  exports  of  wholly  or  mainly  manufactured  articles, 
cotton  yarns  and  fabrics  rose  by  $116,686,168,  while  Ii'on  and  steel  and  manufactures  thereof  decreased 
by  $27,100,069.  Re-exports  declined  by  over  8143,000,000,  compared  with  the  flrat  six  months  of  1917, 
or  rather  more  than  60  per  cent. 

Imports  of  raw  rubber  for  the  first  six  months  of  1918  were  564,716  centals,  valued  at  832,683,122. 
Re-exports  of  raw  rubber  fell  from  594,889  centals,  valued  at  $44,668,956,  for  the  1916  period  to  239,047 
centals,  valued  at  $10,166,221  in  1918;  and  tin  decreased  from  8,354  tons  ($7,597,506)  to  3.827  tons  (85,240,- 
252)  in  the  same  half  yearly  periods,  respectively. 

LONDON'S   EXPORTS   TO   UNITED   STATES.   JANUARY-JULY.   1918. 
The  aggregate  of  declared  exports  from  London  to  the  United  States  for  the  seven  months  ending 
July  31,  1918,  totalled  839,671,453,  compared  with  896,768,793  for  the  same  period  in  1917.    The  principal 
items  entering  were: 


ARTICLES. 

1918. 

ARTICLES. 

1918. 

Articles. 

1918. 

Rubber 

83,732,799 

10,172,947 

2,803,558 

Art 

81.413.647 
5.094.454 

Hides 

8158,249 

Furs 

Wool 

7,783 

Tin.. 

CHIEF   EXPORTS    (DOMESTIC). 


Articles. 


Grain  and  flour 

Meat,  inciud.  animals  for  food 

Other  food  and  drink 

Tobacco 

Coal,  coke,  and  mftd.  fuel .  . 

Iron  ore,  scrap  iron,  and  steel 

Other  metalUc  ores 

Wood  and  timber 

Wool 

Other  textile  materials 

Oilseeds,  nuts,  oils,  fats,  gum 

Hides  and  undressed  skins.  .  . 

Paper-making  materials 

Iron,  steel,  and  manufactures 

Other  metals  and  mf  ts.  of ... . 

Cutlery,  hardw.,  impl's   (exc 
tools),  and  instruments.. 

Electr'l  goods  and  apparatus 
(other  than  mchy  and 
uninsulated  wire) 


1916. 


Dollars 

13,503,048 

6,043,302 

100,799  230 

23,192,655 

246,588,494 

1,463,741 

95,914 

1,502,308 

17,918,633 

2,803,474 

22,386,435 

7,438,299 

2,622,693 

275,802,585 

62,777,928 

31,371,999 


19,874,849 


1917. 


Dollars. 

4,258,387 

1,307.891 

58,085,478 

16,047,182 

249,853,346 

543,481 

102,021 

2,415,808 

16,434,034 

1,296,951 

39,119,905 

6,419,266 

2,392,527 

218,256,491 

50,101,435 

23,099,870 


Articles. 


Machinery 

Ships  (new) 

Mfts.  of  wood  and  timber  (in- 
cluding furniture)  

Yarns  and  textile  fabrics: 

Cotton 

Wool 

Silk 

Other  materials 

Apparel 

Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes,  colors 
Leather  and  mi'ts.  of  (includ'g 
gloves,  but  exclud'g  boots 

and  shoes) 

Earthenware  and  glass 

Paper 

R.  R.  carriages,  trucks  (not  of 
iron),  motor  cars,  etc. . 


14,369,251       All  others,  and  total . . . . 


1916. 


Dollars. 
98,388,941 
6,280,632 

6,214,418 

575,745,843 

228,266,341 

11,709,373 

82,443,829 

76,978,020 

134,145,496 


23,835,698 
19,066,684 
25,282.378 

39.093.728 


1917. 


Dollars. 

94,538,12? 
5,286,02u 

4,198,821 

710,546,822 

253,801,952 

9,827,123 

82,475,393 

76,730,169 

115,177.816 


24,099.273 
18,966,176 
15,538,803 

33,290,427 


,463,810,194  2,556,416,205 


EXPORTS   TO   UNITED 

STATES   BY   CONSULAR   DLSTRICTS.    1917-1916. 

Consular  District. 

1916. 

1917. 

Consular  District. 

1916. 

1917. 

Belfast. 

819,587,203 

302,020 

2,746,580 

684,866 

14,452,210 

608,121 

15,644 

152,046 

166,669 

1,557,840 

188,037 

13,449,976 

862,095 

350 

1,652,019 

1,810,947 

8,484,731 

972,254 

2.077.120 

820,373,913 

3,331 

3,617,307 

Hull 

$1,994,810 

1,029,209 

30,144.189 

88.310 

159.154,849 

19.558.499 

1.542,862 

2.523,934 

12,300,545 

459,042 

1,847,183 

2,249,536 

73,539 

76,564 

62,228 

2.360,122 

178,120 

81,746,029 

Londonderry  agency . . . 
Birmingham 

Leeds 

535,972 

Liverpool 

24,065,832 

St.  Helens  agency 

London 

Closed. 

Bradford 

14,213,201 

559,784 

26,407 

271.404 

'■■i,"ll2,269 

238,177 

15,422,232 

33,350 

5,294 

1,566,592 

2,105,129 

9,242,906 

863,366 

1.9-50,807 

125.974,374 

Manchester 

20,205,694 

Cardiff 

Newcastle-on-Tyne 

West  Hartlepool  agency 
Nottingham 

1,235,798 

Cork  (Queenstown) 

Limerick  agency 

Dublin 

2,234,307 
7,549,219 

Leicester  agency 

Plymouth 

511,258 

Galway  agency 

1,237,951 

Sheffield 

1,911,731 

Aberdeen  agency 

Kirkwall  agency 

Dunfermline 

57,776 

67,116 

Weymouth  agency 

Stoke-on-Trent 

71,116 

3.203,000 

Glasgow 

Swansea 

79,356 

Troon  agency 

Kuddersfield 

Total 

8305.414,269 

$262,891,937 

882        Foreign  Trade  of  New  South  Wales — 1917  Fiscal  Year. 

GREAT  BRITAIN'S  MERCHANDISE   FOREIGN   TRADE, 
Tl\e  total  mercbandlse  foreign  trade  of  the  United  Kingdom  with  all  countries  has  been  as  follows: 


Year. 

Imports. 

E.;nort3,  British. 

Exports,  Foreign 
and  Colonial. 

Exports,  Total. 

1917 

?5,177,146,138 
•1,615,906,843 
4,145,738,987 

32,214,977,805 
2,463,810,194 
1.872,962,302 

3338,023,891 
474,805,805 
482,086,104 

§2,553,001,696 

1916 

2,938,615,999 

1915 

2,355,048,406 

Some  of  the  principal  articles  entering  into  the  import  trade  are: 


ARTICLES. 


Grain  and  flour 

Meat,  includ.  animals  for  food 
Other  food  and  drlnic — 

Nondutiable 

Dutiable 

Tobacco 

Coal,  Po!;c,  manufactured  fuel 
Iron  ore,  scrap  iron,  and  steel 

Wood  and  timber 

Cotton 

Wool 

Other  textile  materials ... 

OH  Seeds,  nuts,  oils,  fats,  gums 
Hides  and  undressed  skins. . . 

Paper-making  materials 

Iron  and  steel  and  mfts.  of . . . 
Other  metals  and  mfts.  of ...  . 
Cutlery,  hardw.,  impl's  (exc 
mach.  tools),  instruments 
Electr.  gds.  and  appar's  (other 
than  mchy.  &  unins.  wire) 


1916. 


Dollars. 

648,476,367 
457,699,186 

457,353,923 

440,506,494 

35,838,404 

38,825 

125,633,253 

195,458,077 

412,336,983 

193,349,077 

116,017,983 

308,325,516 

67,082,707 

39,586,583 

54,573,403 

190,028,742 

27,752,014 

8.043,609 


1917. 


Dollars. 

851,119,038 

498,682,193 

470,955,537 

376,025,199 

18,993,701 

31,238 

133,587,430 

124,812,250 

538,189,320 

252,885,736 

136,419,699 

370,225,017 

89,489,693 

50,403,289 

42.572,512 

212,299,111 

24,266,481 

6,495,410 


ARTICLES. 


Machinery 

Ships  (new) 

Mfts.  of  wood,  timber,  furnit'e 
Yarns  and  textile  fabrics — 

Cotton 

Wool 

Silk 

Other  materials 

Apparel 

Chemicals,  drugs,  dyes,  colors 

Leather  and  mfis  of  (includ'g 

gloves,  but  exelud'g  boots 

and  shoes) 

Earthenware  and  glass 

Paper 

R.  R.  carriages,  trucks  (not  of 
iron),  motor  cars,  etc 

All  others,  and  total 


1916. 


Dollars. 

38,873,792 

70,199 

9,378,412 

40,437,515 
4,490,324 
63,989,540 
54,519,890 
13,288,304 
139,289,216 


78,783,287 
14,857,449 
40,525,316 

29,169,120 


4,615,906,843 


1917. 


Dollars. 
43,133,313 
603 
6,454,157 

18,794,666 

1,225,404 

55,581,817 

39,574,904 

6,609,101 

136,458,791 


54,054,303 

3,189,203 

20,393,153 

35,915,777 


5,184,070,304 


'   IP  The  oig  Iron  production  In  1917  was  9,420,254  tons,  as  jigainst  9,047,983  tons  in  1916.     Steel  production 
was  9,752,326  tons,  as  against  -J, 196,457  tons  in  1916.     Scotch  fisheries  in  1917  realized  3,079,768  cwt., 
worth  818,029,355.     There  were  4,609  Ashing  vessels,  with  crews. of  14,800  persons. 
NATIONAL   REVENUE   OF   GREAT   BRITAIN. 


Revenues. 


Customs 

^xcise 

_.,tate,  etc.,  duties 

Stamps 

Land  tax  and  house  duty .  . 
Property  and  Income  ta.-i  (in- 
cluding super  tax) 

Excess-profits  duty 


Actual, 
1917. 


Dollars 
343,385,100 
274,373,275 
151,990,525 
38,338,275 
12,555,575 

997,793,100 
630,920,675 


Budget  Es- 
timate, 1918. 


Dollars. 
344,304,875 
170,084,175 
141,128,500 
38,932,000 
12,052,900 

1,090,096,000 
973,300,000 


REVENUES. 


Land-value  duties 

Postal  service 

Telegraphs  and  telephones . 

Crown  lands 

Receipts  from  sundry  loans. 
Miscellaneous 


Total . 


Actual, 
1917. 


Dollars. 

2,535,450 
118,499,275 
47,448,375 

3,163,225 
39,204,525 
80,379,975 


2,790,587,350 


Budget  Es- 
tl'ate,  1918. 


Dollars. 

1,946,600 

117,769,300 

46,231,750 

2,919,900 

36,498,750 

131,882,150 


3,107,746,900 


British  national  revenue  in  1913-14  was  $991,617,000;  In  1914-15  It  was  $858,793,000;  In  1915-16  It 
was  $1,686,694,000. 

England's  war  expenditures  In  the  year  that  closed  in  March  were  $12,400,000,000  and  20.3  per  cent, 
wei'e  met  from  revenues.  This  percentage  was  7.8  In  1914-15,  and  18.8  in  1910-17.  On  April  22  England's 
budget  for  1918-19  was  announced.  Expenditures  were  estimated  at  314,800,000,000;  of  this  sum  the 
Ministry  of  Munitions  will  lay  out  34,000,000,000.  Taxes  are  increased  in  England  by  .5500,000,000,  and 
amount  to  28.3  per  cent,  of  expenditures.  The  Increase  comes  mostly  in  the  income  tax.  The  excess- 
profits  tax,  80  per  cent.,  was  left  as  it  is,  on  the  ground  that  it  already  tends  to  curtail  business,  but  it 
is  nevertheless  expected  to  raise  $1,500,000,000.  England's  "normal"  Income  tax  remains  as  it  is  on  smaller 
Incomes,  but  rises  until  on  incomes  exceeding  $12,500  it  is  30  per  cent.,  instead  of  25  per  cent.  The  super- 
taxes, which  begin  at  810,000,  are  increased  until  on  Incomes  over  350,000  they  are  23  per  cent,  instead 
of  17  per  cent.  Consequently,  incomes  over  $50,000  will  pay  at  a  rate  approximating  53  per  cent.  In  the 
new  budget  direct  taxes  are  not  so  prominent,  and  indirect  taxes  are  relatively  more  important.  The 
postage  rate  Is  made  three  cents,  checks  have  a  tax  of  four  cents  instead  of  two,  higher  taxes  go  on  beer, 
tobacco,  matches,  an(}  sugar.  The  tax  on  luxuries  is  16?^  per  cent,  on  the  retail  sale  price.  The  British 
Cabinet  estimate  of  necessary  expenditure  in  the  first  year  of  peace  puts  it  at  33,250,000,000:  Interest 
on  debt,  $1,900,000,000;  pensions,  $250,000,000;  ordinary  governmental  expenditures,  at  pre-war  rate, 
$865,000,000;  additional  expenditures,-  $235,000,000. 

New  stock  offerings  on  the  London  market  in  1917  were  $6,416,947,425.  In  the  year  beginning  April 
1,  1918,  beer  was  allowed  to  be  brewed  to  the  amount  of  10,720,442  barrels,  as  against  16,133,800  barrels 
in  the  year  before.    The  maximum  price  is  8  cents  a  pint.     This  beer  is  weaker  than  ever. 


FOREIGN    TRADE    OF    NEW    SOUTH    WALES-1d17    FISCAL    YEAR 

. 

Countries. 

Imports 
From. 

Exports 
to. 

Countries.'-' 

Imports 
From. 

Exports 
to. 

Countries. 

Imports 
From. 

Exports 
to. 

Unit.  Kingdom 

Dollars. 

69,349,050 
2,660,676 
2,772,751 
5,030,875 
7,346,594 
6,229,903 
798,329 
1,297,112 

Dollars. 

115,938,493 
1,209,354 
438,213 
1,061,568 
4,128,213 
6,404,567 

■3ib;2b4 

France 

Italy 

Dollars. 

2,743,248 

1,457,749 

7,012,434 

613,329 

1,785,134 

712,100 

150,987 

Dollars. 

4,661,580 

6,189,853 

12,727,804 

'947,l'96 
590,305 

Russia 

Sweden 

Switzerland . .  . 
United  States. 
Another 

Total 

Dollars. 

61,196 

1,210,269 

2,770,434 

37,842,225 
7,495,993 

Dollars. 
5,610,813 

Ceylon 

Fiji  Islands.,. 
India 

Japan 

Netherlands. . . 
Norway 

■l"7;826,'510 
16,003,044 

New  Zealand . . 
South  .Mrica . . 
China 

Philippine  Isls. 

159,340,388 

194,047,717 

Siam\s  Foreign  Trade. 


383 


AUSTRALIAN  TRADE  AND  PRODUCTION. 

THE  total  foreign  trade  of  Australia,  including  tbe  so-called  "competitive"  trade,  is  shown  below: 


Fisc.   Yr. 
1915-16. 

Fisc.   Yr. 
1916-17. 

Fisc.  Yr. 
1916-16. 

Fisc.   Yr. 
1916-17. 

Gross  ImDOrtS 

Dollars. 

377,256,637 

4  568,821 

Dollars. 

370,966  866 

1,722,930 

Balance,    competitive    mer- 
chandise, all  countries... . 

From  United  Kin-dom 

From  Brit.  Domin'sand  possess's 
From  United  States 

Dollars. 

370,476,512 

168,199,968 

12,037,142 

51,559,560 

Dollars. 

Deduct  specie,  etc 

286,520,643 

175,361.593 

12,112,638 

58,056,561 

13,203,384 

Balance 

372,686,810 
102,211,304 

369,243,936 
82,723,293 

Deduct     items     noncompetitive 

with  United  Kingdom  trade. .  . 

From  Japan 

Whai  is  called  "competitive  merchandise"  forms  from  70  to  80  per  cent,  of  Australia's  gross  imports. 
Tliis  term  is  applied  to  those  lines  that  compete  in  the  southern  Commonweaith  with  goods  from  the  United 
Kingdom.  Timber,  bags,  and  sacks,  oils,  tea,  tobacco,  sugar,  fertilizers,  rice,  fruit,  vegetables,  and  other 
articles  noncompetitive  with  British  trade  are  omitted  from  the  caiculaticns.  In  the  fiscal  year  1916-1' 
the  United  States  slightly  increased  its  share  of  this  "competitive"  trade,  supplying  20.26  per  cent,  c 
Australia's  purchases  of  such  goods  as  contrasted  with  19.06  per  cent,  in  1915-16,  15.2  per  cent,  in  1914-15, 
11.8  per  cent,  in  the  calendar  year  1913,  and  11.76  per  cent,  in  1912.  Tlie  value  of  these  imports  was 
$58,056,561.  against  S51,559,560  in  1915-16,  836,158,922  In  1914-15.  334,674,518  in  1913,  and  835,037,189 
in  1912.  The  chief  articles  that  matte  up  Australia's  "competitive"  trade  are  metals,  textiles,  apoarel, 
paper  (these  four  classes  form  nearly  70  per  cent,  of  the  U»ited  States  total  in  1916-17);  jewelry,  time- 
pieces, fancy  goods,  etc.;  spirits,  foodstuffs,  leather  and  leather  goods,  rubber  goods,  ammunition  and  ex- 
plosives, chemicals,  paints  and  varnishes,  unmanufactured  vegetable  substances,  surgical  and  scientific 
instruments,  and  nonalcoholic  beverages.  The  total  exports  from  Australia  to  the  United  States  and 
possessions  increased  from  825,291,415  in  1916,  to  837,464,606  in  1917,  as  follows; 


Destination  of  Exports. 

1916. 

1917. 

Destination  of  Exports. 

1916. 

1917. 

United  States 

324,504,283 
727,225 

834,139,529 
3,189,570 

I3,'i.31<! 

American  Samoa 

S678 

•SI  89 

Philionine  Tslnnds 

Total 

Hawail.^n  Islands 

.525,291,415 

S37,464,606 

CHIEF   IMPORTS   FROM    UNITED    STATES    IN    1017    (FISCAL   YEAR). 


articles. 

Value. 

ARTJICLES. 

Value. 

ARfiCLES. 

Value. 

Fish,  preserved  in  tins. . 

Dollars. 
1,203,908 
659,143 

2,252,975 

196,747 

2,730,936 

5,244,592 

1,462,096 

706,795 

2.234.818 

Motors 

Dollars. 
4,271,256 
3,556,331 
821,800 

1,624,744 

583,872 
2,244,994 
1,551,163 
2,919,900 
1.620.344 

Rubber 

Dollars. 
2,030,371 

Corsets 

Paper  and  stationery .  . 
Pianos 

Socks  and  stockings . .  . 

Timber,  undi'essed 

Tin'd  plates  and  sheets. 
Tobacco: 

Manufactured,  n.  e.  i . 

Unmanufactured .... 

Tools  of  trade 

Wire  (iron  and  steel) . . . 

All  01  her  pnd  total. . . 

1,728,969 
3,294,294 

Iron  and  steel: 

Bar,  rod,  angle,  tree. . 
Girders,  beams 

Piece     goods  —  Cotton 
and  linen 

940,754 

Leather  manufactures. 
Iron   and    steel,    plain, 
not  galvanized .... 
Electrical  macliinery. . . 
Medicines 

Pipes   and    tubes    (iron 

and  steel) 

Oils  in  bulk:  Benzine.  . 

Benzoiine 

Kerospne 

442,024 
3,653,339 
1,238,855 
1,107,897 

Metals,  manufactures  of 

Lubricating 

77.260.602 

The  total  does  not  include  imports  from  United  .States  possession.s,  valued  as  follows:  Philippines, 
§699,369;  Hawaii,  83,095;  Alaska,  3131,560.  New  South  Wales  imports  ft-om  United  States  in  1917  were 
valued  at  337,852,225,  the  principal  items  being  timber,  tobacco,  tools  of  trade,  motor  cars,  rubber  tires, 
kerosene,  lubricating  oil,  benzine,  printing  paper,  iron  and  steel  products,  enameled  leather,  kinematograph 
materials.  Including  films.  The  export  of  frozen  rabbits  from  Australia  has  assumed  large  proportions. 
In  New  South  Wales  alone  1,500.000  crates  containing  24  rabbits  each  were  packed  for  export  in  1917, 
making  a  total  of  36,000.000  rabbits,  valued  at  87,299,250.  The  total  exported  ft'om  the  Commonwealth 
was  about  70,000,000,  valued  at  314,599,000. 

The  total  export  of  wheat  from  Australia  since  the  organization  of  the  Wheat  Boai'd  up  to  December 
31,  1917,  was  109,177,188  bushels.  Other  sales  made  by  the  Board,  such  as  to  local  raillei's,  other  States 
in  the  Commonwealth,  and  for  manufacture  into  flour  tor  the  Far  Eastern  markets,  amounted  to  89,969,674 
bushels.  The  estimated  crop  tor  1917-18  is  115,000,000  bushels.  Tliere  was  on  hand  up  to  December  31, 
1917,  old  wheal  amounting  to  118,812,500  bushels. 

Ta.smanian  crops  in  1916-17  were,  in  bu-shels;  Wheat,  348,330;  oats,  1,005,293;  barley,  88,696;  peas, 
296,787':  hay  (tons),  103,141;  potatoes  (tons),  67,038.  Live  stock:  Horses,  42,620;  cattle,  179,360;  sheep, 
1,702,579;  pigs,  53,033.  '^• 


SIAM'S    FOREIGN    TRADE. 

THE  declared  value  of  the  impoits  from  foreign  countries  in  1917  was  333,855.306,  against  331,819,376 
in  1916,  327,937,063  in  1915,  830,393,316  In  1914  and  333,670,000  in  1913;  exports  of  Siamese  products 
were  valued  at  847,482,165,  against  343,152,234  in  1916,  338,183,919  iu  1915,  $39,296,073  in  1914  and 
$43,290,000  in  1913.  The  imports  for  1917  included  830,106,756  articles  of  foreign  manufacture,  3752,997 
alcoholic  liquors,  31,460,626  gold  leaf  and  treasure,  and  31,534,927  opium.  Of  the  total  v.alue  of  the  exports, 
rice  and  rice  products  accounted  for  338,291,748,  teak  for  32,032,131  and  other  goods  for  37,158,286.  The 
bulk  of  Slam's  rice  exports  goes  to  the  Straits  Settlements,  Hongkong  and  Netherlands  India.  The  total 
shipments  to  these  countries,  including  China  and  Japan,  amounted  to  19,505,260  piculs  (1  picul  equals 
133 H  pounds),  and  of  the  remainder  of  the  total  distribution  to  foreign  countries  during  last  yeai',  20,632,- 
571  piculs,  1,022,961  piculs  were  shipped  to  Europe,  Including  Port  Said  (for  orders)  and  Alexandria,  and 
104,350  piculs  to  other  countries.  The  teak  shipments  for  1917  amounted  to  47,285  tons,  as  compared 
with  47,906  tons  for  1916,  41,081  tons  for  1915  and  52,912  tons  for  1914,  and  th»  distribution  of  the  con- 
fiignments  for  1917  were:  1,206  tons  to  Europe,  including  Port  Said  (for  orders);  28,230  torus  to  India 
and  Colombo;  13,374  tons  to  Hongkong,  China,  and  Japan;  and  4,475  tons  to  other  countries. 


384  Increased  Exports  from  Ceylon  to  United  States. 

SEA-BORNE    TRADE    OF    BRITISH    INDIA. 


Calendar 
Year. 

Imports. 

Foreign 
Exports. 

Indian 
Exports. 

Calendar 
Year. 

Imports. 

Foreign 
Exports. 

Indian 
Exports. 

1913 

1914 

1915 

5584,465,452 
507,951,461 
409,226,269 

$14,861,999 
14,985,803 
13.695,445 

5782.253,879 
672  886,038 
578,900,858 

1916 

1917 

8475,486,383 
480,839,549 

S22,667,266 
24,876,380 

5728,804,590 
727,471,231 

Chief  1917  Imports  are:  Liquors,  36,737,708;  spices,  86,037,750;  sugar,  549,369,545;  oils,  $13,552,434; 
textile  materials,  $5,689,681;  apparel.  $5,622,842;  chemicals,  drugs  and  medicines,  812,776,786;  cutlery, 
etc.,  815,430.732;  dyes,  $7,774,020;  crockery,  etc.,  86,395,686;  machinery,  816,985,302;  iron  and  steel, 
826,557,060;  paper,  etc.,  $8,656,739;  yarns,  etc.,  8205,327.441. 

Chief  1917  exports  are:  Grain  and  flour.  $160,467,114:  other  food  and  drinlc.  861,682.581;  gums, 
resins,  lac.  811,600.086;  hides,  etc.,  $36,366,318;  oils,  85,929.154:  seeds.  833.315,047,  textile  materials, 
$165,582,857;  chemicals,  etc.,  811,396,117;  dyes,  etc.,  87,798,654;  leather,  829,091,837;  yarns,  etc.,  S164,- 
669,021. 

Chief  Indian  crops,  1917:  Rice,  34,079,000  tons;  wheat,  10,158,000  tons;  sugar  cane,  2,626,000  tons; 
?a,  368,527,600  pounds;  cotton,  4,273,000  bales;  jute,  8,305,600  bales;  linseed.  620.000  tons:  rape  and 
ustard.  1,181,200  tons;  sesame,  493,000  tons;  peanuts,  1,147.000  tons;  indigo,  95,500  cwts. 

The  1918  cotton  crop  was  estimated  at  4,036,000  bales,  of  400  pounds  each;  rice  at  40,000,000  tons. 

Indian  cotton  mills  in  1917  made  503,172,021  pounds  of  yarn.  The  Indian  weaving  mills  put  out 
1,260,702,365  yards  of  gray,  bleached,  and  colored  piece  goods  in  1917;  and  included  also  722,972  dozen 
hosiery  and  gray  and  colored  goods  other  than  piece  goods. 

Other  East  Indian  data:  Post  offices,  19,409;  mail  lines,  157,566  miles;  articles  posted,  1,087,000,000, 
including  26,750,000  registered  packages;  postage  stamps  sold,  810,089,900;  money  orders,  over  33,000,000, 
valued  at  8204,393,000;  pensions,  81,411,300;  postal  savings  banks  accounts,  1,647,419,  totaling  $53,531,500, 
and  26,519  postal  life  policies,  totaling  812,036,500. 


NEW    ZEALAND'S    COMMERCE    AND    PRODUCTION. 

THE  value  of  the  foreign  commerce  of  New  Zealand,  including  specie,  was  as  follows  by  countries  in  1917: 


COUNTRIES. 

Imports 
From. 

Exports 
to. 

COUNTRIES. 

Imports 
From. 

Exports 
to. 

Countries. 

Imports 
From. 

Exports 
to. 

Unit.  Kingdom 

Dollars. 

42,910.458 

3.684.236 

17,815,920 

2,015 

164,151 

3,568 

Dollars. 

126,691,521 
4,744,993 
7,109,859 

■  2',344,'6'4i 
29 

Italy  

Dollars. 
386,467 
101,577 
483,238 
344.114 
3,060,164 

Dollars. 
380 

102 

876 
21,354 

Philippine  Isls. 
United  States . 
Ail  oth.  count's 

Total 

Dollars. 

128.421 

18,982,551 

13,736,723 

Dollars. 
813 

Canada 

Australiai 

Belglun) 

France     

(Jormany 

Netherlands. . . 

Sweden 

China 

Japan.. ..... 

9,218,693 
3,636,200 

101,803,603 

153,769,461 

in  1916  Imports  totaled  8128,180,121;  exports,  8161,990,879. 

A  further  decrease  In  quantities  of  imports  occurred  in  1918,  though  rise  in  prices  made  the  values 
greater.  The  chief  imports  are  benzine  and  kerosene,  preserved  fish,  tea,,  tobacco,  whiskey,  leather,  and 
c&Qdlss 

Live  stock  In  New  Zealand,  1917:  Pigs.  278,176;  horses,  367,167;  dairy  cows,  760,108;  cattle,  1,742,592; 
sheep,  24,753,324. 

Exports  of  dairy 'products  from  New  Zealand  in  the  year  ended  March  31,  1918,  were  valued  at  $33,- 
917,086. 

Imports  by  parcel  post  in  1917  totaled  about  83,000,000. 

iVew  Zealand  Government  receipts  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  March  31,  1918,  were  897,334,467,  a  gain 
Ol  §8,000,000. 

UNION    OF    SOUTH    AFRICA. 

THE  total  values  of  Imports  into  the  union  of  South  Africa  were  as  follows:  1913,  8208,272,000; 
1914,  8177,101,000;  1915,  8164,651,000;  1916,  8200,427,000;  1917.  8186.706.000.  Of  the  total  for  1917, 
8169.115.000  represents  the  value  of  imported  merchandiser  $8,397,000,  articles  imported  for  South  African 
Govenmieut;  and  $9,194,000,  specie.  Aoout  67  per  cent,  of  the  imports  are  from  the  British  Empire,  mostly 
from  the  United  Kingdom.  Germany  was  the  next  largest  supplier,  before  the  war.  The  total  values 
of  exports  from  the  Union  were  as  follows,  gold  not  being  included  in  the  figures  for  1915,  1916,  and  1917: 
1913,  8324,399,000;  1914,  8195,747,000;  1915,  382,046,000;  1916.  8116.535,000;  1917,  $139,414,000.  Of 
the  total  for  1917,  $125,517,000  represents  the  value  of  exported  merchandise  of  domestic  origin;  $12,686,000. 
imported  goods  reexported;  8465,000,  over-sea  exports  thi'ough  general  post  office;  and  $746,000,  specie, 
more  than  60  per  cent,  went  to  tlie  United  Kingdom. 

In  1917,  over  1,351,000  tons  of  cargo  were  landed  at,  and  2,840,149  tons  were  shipped  from,  the  Union 
ports.  Imports  at  Durban  in  1917  were  valued  at  $58,631,301;  exports  at  831,674,262.  Ol  the  Imports, 
those  from  the  United  States  were  worth  810,412,208,  or  81,000,000  increa.se  in  1916.  Wool  was  the  chief 
export.  


BURMA'S    RUBBER    PRODUCTION. 

According  to  Rangoon  figures,  the  production  of  rubber  at  the  plantations  has  been  as  follows,  in 
pounds:  1913,  456,017;  1914,  591,974;  1915,  800,594;  1916,  979,613;  1917,  1,347,523.  These  plantations 
produce  most  of  the  rubber  in  Buima.  Customs  statistics  give  the  exports  of  rubber  from  Btu-ma  during 
the  five  fiscal  years  ending  with  March  31.  1917,  as  follows:  1912-13,  526,176  pounds;  1913-14,  765,072; 
1914-15,  987,392;  1915-16.  1,285,984,  and  1916-17,  2,301,157  pounds. 


INCREASED    EXPORTS    FROM    CEYLON    TO    UNITED    STATES. 

The  American  purchases  of  Ceylon  tea  increased  from  8,309,369  pounds,  valued  at  $1,596,041,  for 
1916,  to  25,583,891  pounds,  valued  at  85,051,242,  for  1917,  and  the  purchases  of  rubber  increased  from 
30.473,588  pounds,  valued  at  ?18,947,782,  to  34,686.143  pounds,  valued  at  $19,106,329.  Other  exports 
to  United  States  were:  Cardamon,  136,225  pounds;  cinnamon,  254,220  pounds;  citronella  oil.  785,032 
pounds;  cocoa,  808,099  pounds;  cocoanut,  desiccated,  12,414,655  pounds;  cocoanut  oil,  335.801  pounds; 
crude  drugs,  1,519,487  pounds. 


France's  Trade  and  Production,  1917. 


385 


FRANCE'S    TRADE    AND    PRODUCTION-1 91 7. 

The  total  declared  exports  from  France  to  the  United  States  and  possessions  during  1917  were  valued 
as  follows:  To  United  States,  593,458,224,  against  8110,240,031  in  1916;  Philippines,  5944,073,  against 
3573,337;  Porto  Rico,  S141.110,  against  8146,089;  Hawaii,  51,449,  against  39,246. 

The  total  value  ot  the  declared  exports  from  the  Paris  consular  district  to  the  United  States  for  the 
first  six  months  of  1918  was  816,492,283,  against  828,546,225  for  the  same  period  in  1917.  The  principal 
decreases  were  ia  cigarette  papers,  cotton,  feathers,  furs,  mushrooms,  perfumery,  pearls,  precious  stones, 
seeds,  silk,  and  wool. 

Earnings  of  the  i^ailways  in  1917  were  8303,920,767,  as  against  8297,071,197  in  1916. 


THE    1917   HARVESTS. 


C[(Oi>. 


Maize bush 

MiUet bush. 

Buckwheat bush. 

Potatoes bush. 

.•Vrtlchokes bush. 

Rutabagas  and  turnips.bush. 

Cabbage,  forage tons 

Sugar  beets tons 

Beets:  Forage tons 

For  dlstllliug tons 

Hay tons 


1916. 


15,493,280 

564,357 

10,044,503 

321,974,033 

54,541,173 

92,304,300 

6,067,067 

2,187,482 

17,040,152 

870,650 

42,611,825 


1917. 


15,102,120 
1,072,607 

15.667,006 
400,408,267 

57,863,281 

92,832,813 
6,274,503 
2,319,350 

17,698,615 
772,717 

35.638.278 


Crop. 


Flaxseed 

Hempseed 

Hops 

hush. 

bush. 

lbs. 

Tobacco 

lbs. 

Peas 

bush . 

Beans:  Dry 

Lima 

Lentils 

bush. 

bush. 

bush 

Sugar  beets 

tons 

Wine 

gals. 

1916. 


146,322 

181,412 

4,348,960 

32,212,180 

547,925 
3,008,753 
1,600,261 

155,763 

1,988,620 

883,844,296 


1917. 


150,088 

92,184 

3,928,760 

17,106,540 

385,025 

3,567,723 

1,081,835 

77,476 

2,108,600 

953,758,178 


Production  of  apples  and  pears  was  3,486,560  tons  (as  against  882,610  tons  m  1916),  from  which  582,- 
994,342  gallons  of  cider  were  made.  Other  crops,  in  tons,  were:  Table  apples,  214,122;  Table  pears, 
84,030;  chestnuts,  133,090;  walnuts,  41,793;  olives,  170,600;  peaches,  29,498;  apricots,  7,430;  cherries, 
30,234;  plums,  29,791;  prunes,  11,209;  oranges,  481;  mandarines,  113;  lemons,  145;  strawberries,  8,903; 
black  currants,  449;  cuiTants,  1,506;  almonds,  2,675;  hazelnuts,  88;  flgs,  3,339;  truffles,  93. 

Cotton  receipts  at  Havre  totalled  683,173  bales  in  1916-1917,  as  against  756,008  bales  in  1915-1916. 

Coffee  stocks  at  Havre  totalled  1,674,496  bags  on  December  31,  1917,  as  against  2,569,245  bags  on 
December  31,  1916. 

Total  imports  at  Havre,  1917,  amounted  to  3,726,504  tons,  as  against  4,075,640  tons  in  1916.  The 
exports  were  285,552  tons,  as  against  440,702  tons  in  1916. 

NEW    FRENCH    WAR    TAXES. 

January  1,  1918,  marked  the  introduction  of  a  series  of  new  and  Increased  taxes  In  France,  expected 
to  yield  during  the  year  1,266,500,000  francs  (5244,434,500  at  normal  exchange),  above  and  beyond  the 
previous  tax  receipts  of  the  French  Republic.  It  is  anticipated  that  in  1919  these  taxes  will  yield  an  increaise 
of  1,774,000,000  francs  (5342,382,000).  The  modified  system  of  taxation  comprised  heavy  Increases  in 
the  tax  on  inheritances  and  in  the  tax  on  war  profits.  The  tax  on  war  profits  amounts  to  50  per  cent,  on 
profits  of  less  than  100,000  francs  (319,300) ;  60  per  cent,  upon  that  part  of  the  war  profits  between  100,000 
and  250,000  francs  (between  519,300  and  548,250);  70  per  cent,  upon  the  fraction  between  250,000  and 
500,000  francs  (between  548,250  and  596,500);  and  80  per  cent,  upon  the  portion  exceeding  500,000  francs. 
An  important  feature  of  the  new  system  consists  in  taxes  upon  the  acquisition  of  articles  of  luxury.  Such 
taxes  were  applied  on  and  after  April  1,  1918,  and  yielded  about  1,000,000,000  francs  (5193,000,000)  in 
1918  and  will  bring  in  1,^00,000,000  francs  (5250,900,000),  in  1919.  After  April  1,  1918,  every  payment 
of  a  sum  exceeding  150  fl^ncs  (529),  representing  the  retail  sale  or  the  consumption  of  a  commodity,  was 
subject  to  a  tax  of  20  centimes  (50.0385)  per  100  francs  or  fraction  of  100  francs.  The  same  tax  was  applied 
t©  receipts  given  for  amounts  exceeding  10  francs  (SI. 93),  and  amounting  to  less  than  150  francs.  Like- 
wise, beginning  April  1,  1918,  there  was  a  tax  of  10  per  cent,  upon  the  price  paid  for  any  object  or  article 
of  merchandise  designated  by  law  as  an  article  of  luxiffy,  and  for  expenditures  made  in  establishments 
(hotels,  restaurants,  etc.),  which  a  departmental  committee  named  as  an  establishment  de  luxe.  The 
law  classified  some  articles  as  outright  luxuries  and  others  as  luxuries  when  they  sell  for  more  than  a  stated 
price.  In  the  first  class  ia  Included  such  a  wide  range  of  articles  as  cameras,  gold  jewelry,  silk  stockings, 
rouge,  square  pianos,  riding  horses,  and  canoes.  A  lamp  shade  or  a  toilet  article  becomes  a  luxury  when 
it  costs  more  than  52;  a  man's  hat  exceeding  54,  a  dog  or  a  pair  of  women's  shoes  that  fetch  more  than 
S8,  a  frock  coat  that  entails  expenditure  of  more' than  540,  an  upright  piano  costing  over  5240,  and  dining- 
room  furniture  exceeding  5300  fall  into  the  same  category. 

BREAD    RATIONING    IN   FRANCE. 

The  following  bread  rations  were  established  in  1918  throughout  France:  Children  less  than  3  years 
old,  'iVi  ounces  per  day;  children  from  3  to  13  years  old,  7  ounces;  persons  from  13  to  60  years  old,  lOH 
ounces  (hard  workers  in  this  age  class  may  receive  3H  ounces  more);  persons  over  60  years  old,  7  ounces. 
This  ration  was  abotit  two-thirds  of  the  bread  allowance  theretofore  maintained.  All  fancy  bread  was 
prohibited  except  the  small  75-grammc  (about  2)4  ounces)  loaf  and  the  long  700-Bramme  (about  24 H 
ounces)  loaf.  Making  of  pastries,  biscuits,  and  confectionery  was  prohibited.  Public  eating  houses  were 
forbidden  to  serve  or  consume  fresh  or  packed  butter  otherwise  than  in  the  preparation  of  food.  Curdled 
or  sour  milk  was  prohibited,  also  cream  in  every  form,  cream  cheese  and  soft  cheese  and  all  light  cheeses 
containing  more  than  36  grammes  of  fats  to  each  100  grammes  of  dry  substance.  The  public  eating  places 
were  forbidden  to  serve  sugar,  but  customers  could  bring  their  own  supply.  The  food  upon  which  restric- 
tions had  been  placed  could  not  be  eaten  in  these  establishments,  even  if  the  patrons  had  bought  elsewhere. 
In  no  public  eating  place,  except  in  dining  cars,  canteens,  and  railroad  refreshment  station  rooms,  was 
fresh  or  condensed  milk  or  cream  served  after  9  o'clock  in  the  morning,  even  by  itself  or  mixed  with  any 
preparation,  such  as  tea,  coffee,  or  cocoa.  No  solid  foods  were  served  between  9  and  Urn  the  morning 
or  between  4  30  and  8.30  in  the  evening.  When  the  price  of  a  meal,  whether  a  la  carte  or  table  d  hote, 
exceeded  6  francs — about  SI. 20 — the  restaurateur  was  forbidden  to  serve  at  the  same  meal  or  to  the  same 
customer  more  than  two  dishes  with  or  without  vegetables,  or  more  than  one  small  loaf  of  ordinary  bread. 
The  bread  was  limited  to  100  grammes,  about  3H  ounces.  Aside  from  these  two  dishes,  a  customer  could 
have  soup,  oysters,  or  hors  d'oeuvre,  and  a  simple  dessert,  such  as  fruits,  compote,  preserves,  marmalade, 
or  an  ice  made  without  milk,  cream,  sugar,  eggs,  or  flour.  Consumption  of  cheese  was  prohibited.  These 
restrictions  upon  patrons  of  public  eating  places  applied  also  to  persons  living  in  an  apartment  or  m  hotel 
rooms,  and  to  clubs  and  other  places  where  the  consumption  of  food  and  drink  was  not  entu-ely  free.  All 
grain  for  making  bread  was  reserved  for  human  food. 

WAR    FLUCTUATIONS   OF   FRENCH    POPULATION. 


Marseilles 


(1913)  550,000,  (1918)  947,000;  Bordeaux  (1913)  261,000,  (1918)  325,000;  Nantes  (1913) 
170,000,  (1918)  190,000;  Bourges  (1913)  49,000,  (1918)  110,000;  AngouIeme(  191 3)  35,000  (1918)  55,000; 
Orleans  (1913)  72,000,  (1918)  110,000;  Le  Mans  (1913)  69,000,  (1918)  98.000;  Tours  (1913)  67,000,  (1918) 
103.000. 


386 


Italy's  Foreign  Trade. 


ITALY'S    FOREIGN    TRADE. 

IMPORTS,    BY    GROUPS. 


Classification. 


Spirits,  beverages,  caiid  oils .  . . 
Colonial  goods,  spices,  tobacco 
Chemical  products,  medicinal 

substances,  gums,  perfum'y 
Colors,  etc.,  for  dye'g  &  tan'g 
Hemp,   flax,   jute,   and   other 

fibers  e.xcept  cotton 

Cotton 

Wool,  horsehair,  etc 

Silk - 

Wood  and  straw 

Paper  and  booUs .  . 


1916. 


Lire. 
313,075,1-1-1 
247,072,271 

590,801,269 
121,025,161 

107,892,78b 
723,581,215 
708,410,105 
161,869,888 
88,788,818 
83.209.795 


1917. 


Lire. 

295,174,801 
233,756,573 

795,509,215 
102,788,781 

63,615,834 

524,038.421 

363,710,070 

131,385,010 

74,565,820 

■50,225,281 


Classification. 


Hides  and  slcius 

Minerals,  metals,  manufaci/'s. 

Vehicles 

Stones,  earths,  pottery,  glass . 
India  rubber  and  manufact's  . 
Cereals  and  vegetable  prod's. 

Animal  products 

Miscellaneous 

Precious  metals 


Total . 


1916. 


Lire. 

377,321,296 

1,283,539,267 

11,843,851 

1,512,203,308 

83,815.612 

1.418.461,037 

521.884,509 

;-:5.4S0,756 

.•^99.4^50 


5,390,375.538 


1917. 


Lire. 

232,556,364 

1,862,994,136 

42,324,461 

958,351,421 

73,776,210 

1,461,155,562 

429,703,301 

26,566,621 

306,520 


7,732,504,403 


EXPORTS. 


Claksificatioa. 


Spirits,  beverages,  and  oils.  .  . 
Colonial  goods,  spices,  tobacco 
Chemical  products,  medicinal 

substances,  gums,  perfum'y 
Colors,  etc.,  for  dye'g  &  tan'g. . 
Hemp,  flax,  jute,  and  otlier 

fibers,  except  cotton 

Cotton 

Wool,  horsehair,  etc 

Silk 

Wood  and  straw 

Paper  and  books 


1911). 


Lire. 
121,410,674 
20,355,-101 

212,609,216 
11,194,623 

200,904,506 
503,723,.506 
1-15,771.915 
799,683,628 
49,009.726 
.  45.158,103 


1917. 


Lire. 
149,870,908 
14,802,612 

175,025,423 
8,900,195 

173,655,260 

300,724,250 

47,663.040 

609,232,316 

29,021,587 

2J.5S1.323 


L:LA■^.^I^"■^CAfIo;■ 


li-' 


Hides  and  skins 

Minerals,  meUils,  mamslact'S- . 

Vehicles I 

.Stones,  earths,  pottery,  glass . 
India  rubber  and  mauufacfs 
Cereals  and  vegetable  prod's. 

Animal  products,  eic 

Miscellaneous 

Precious  metals 


Total . 


Lire. 

33,617,020 
Ul,751,564 

B7,:i27,479 
l.;0,9,D9.555 

46.944,993 
3.W,3lif,8!6 
149,.8'39,529 

75.672,482 
1,537,450 


,039,367,221 


1917. 


Lire. 
25,988,751 
91,483,693 

143,715,482 
68,176,739 
27,494.120 

220,436,901 

88,000,804 

61,100,001 

342,360 


,259,275,705 


Before  the  war  Germany  led  among  the  countrie.s  with  vvhich  Italy  traded,  ranking  first  as  both  a 
buyer  and  a  seller.  The  United  Kingdom  vras  a  close  second,  and  the  United  States  came  third.  Now 
the  United  States  is  first  among  the  countries  from  which  Italy  imports,  but  in  1917  ranked  foiuth  among 
those  to  which  it  sent  exports,  as  the  following  table  shows': 


COUNTl'JES. 


IMPORTED    FROJ.I. 

United  States 

Argentina 

Austria-Hungary 

British  India  and  Ceylon. 

I'^gypt 

France 

Germany 

Spain 

Switzerland 

United  Kingdom 


1913. 


Lire. 

522,722,137 

1Q6, 62 1,707 

264,060,141 

146,036,899 

27,018,190 

283,350,175 

612,689,942 

29,007,920 

86,845,397 

591.775.641 


1917 


Lire. 
3,144,651,047 
440,316,913 


693,520,820 

32, 549, .545 

645,136,358 


111,550,718 

150,362,986 

1.565.49S.162 


VOVXTRlT.n. 


EX POUTED    TO. 

United  States 

.4.rgentina 

Austria-Hungary 

liiitlsh  India  and  Ceyloa. 

Egypt 

France 

Germany 

Spain 

Switzerland 

United  Kingdom 


1913. 


1917. 


Lire. 

267,891.6471 

185,557,040 

221,147.040 

49,157,977 

49,190.953 

231.481,193 

34?,,444.773 

18.109.903 

■249,102.'"'5.-. 

280,-.tl.J?J 


Lire. 
179,700,271 
111,819,686 


48,689,645 

83,751,409 

589,690,'247 

'  '31 ,000,495 
439,?!27.934 
321.477,192 


ITALIAN    GOVERNMENT    REVENUE   RETURNS 
The  principal  revenues  of  the  State  were  as  follows: 


Items. 


BUSINESS   TA.XES. 

Inheritances 

Registry 

Stamp 

Government  concessions 

All  others  and  total 


IMDIRECT  T.\XES.      , 

Tax  on  manufact.  of — Spirits 

Sugar 

Soaps 

Other  ta.xes  on  manufactures . 

Customh'e  and  maritime  dues 

Tax  on  concessions  for  export . 

Tax  on  sale  of  mineral  oils .  .  . 

Duties  collected  on — Sugar . . . 
Alcoholic  drinks 

Interior  excise  duty 

Tax  on  consumption  of  coffee 

All  others  ana  total . . . 


1916-17. 


Lire. 

75,432,000 
168,713,000 
119,854,000 

12,132,000 


413,245,000 


71,161,000 

192,620,000 

4,129,000 

46,248,000 

429,462,000 

32,822,000 

14,073,000 

41,302,000 

33,227,000 

48,307,000 

2,527,000 


918,530,000 


1917-18. 


Lire. 

80,516,000 
223,853,000 
137,255,000 

15,694,000 


562,438,000 


45,850,000 
161,126,000 
24,751,000 
33,146,000 
509,758,000 
31,353,000 
16,776,000 
26,725,000 
45.-593,009 
35,508,000 
22,611,000 


955,091,000 


ITEM:; 


MONOPOLIES. 

Tobacco 

Salt 

Matches 

Lottery  (net  return) 

All  others  and  total .  . . 

rUBLIC    SERVICE. 

Post 

Telegraph 

Telephone 

Total 

DIRECT  TAXES. 

Rustic  funds 

Buildings 

Income  tax:  Stated 

Estimated 

War  centime 

Extra  war  profits 

Exemption  military  service 
War  right  collection  rents . . 
Tax  noncombaiant  soldiers 


All  others  and  total . 


Grand  total 3,467,016,000  4,361,910,000 


1^1 


Lire. 

602,253,000 

122,318,000 

17,569,000 

56,034,900 


758,174,000 

209.551,000 
37.253,000 
17,583,000 


264,337.000 

98.443,000 

135,594,000 

318,081,000 

148,600,000 

207,165,000 

99,581,000 

20,250,000 

7,561,000 

4,355,000 


1,042,680,000 


191/-1S. 


Lire. 

830,968,000 

122,388.000 

63,539,000 

56,734,000 


1,075,975,000 

220,643,000 
43,301,000 
18,376,000 


282,320,000 

113,087,000 

144,453,000 

339,389,000 

151,234,000 

253,773,000 

432,208,000 

8,304,000 

24,443,000 

13,406,000 


1,486.086,000 


UoUajid  .{Netherlands)  Foreign  Trade. 


387 


HOLLAND  (NETHES^LA^jQS)  FOREIGN  TRADE. 

The  following  are  the  quantities  in  metric  tons  of  the  more  important-  articles  imported  and  exported. 


Chief  Articles. 


Agric.  &  otli.  macn'y 
Beer  &  malt  extracts 
Breadstuffs:    Wheat 

Rye 

Bailey 

Maiiie  (lbs.) .. . 

Oats 

Buckwheat   (lbs.) 

Rice 

Wheat  flom" 

Butter 

Cheese 

Coal 

Cocoa  powder,  un- 
sweetened   

Coffee 

Drugs  and  paints . . . 

Dry  goods 

Earthenw.  &  porc'n . 

Egga 

Fish 

Fruits 

Glass  ai^d  glassware 
Hides  and  leather .  . 
I^ard 


Imp'ts.  Imp'ts,  Kxp'ts 
1916.         1917.         1916. 


M.  tons 

78,038 

1,736 

1.385.315 

20.037 

139,312 

691,128 

73.399 

11.735 

157.219 

39.525 

992 


8.413,016 

158 
88,794 

165.411 
38.156 

366,685 


4,790 
36.609 
91,152 

7.485 
59.721 


M.  tons 

42,175 

269 

310,239 

9,026 

43,083 

209,517 

39,367 

2,313 

16.064 

23.226 

24 


2,661.390 


15.389 

43.240 

6.579 

23,391 


661 

7.692 

2G.004 

2.0 

1.447 


M.  t07lS 

24.924 

21,316 

885,884 

324 

4.184 

,102,823 

'\      246 


113,009 

8.29: 

36.432 

91.8 

2.207,676 

11,177 
96.967 
124,458 
48,864 
48,261 


236,955 

I02.G30 

106,610 

13.783 

59,516 


Exp'ts 
1917. 


W.  tons 

7.909 

10.748 

20.015 

9 

500 

315 


202 
8 

803 
24.592 
56.080 
58.037 

2.262 

1.237 

8.188 

6.864 

4.816 

22.393 

44.411 

62.058 

11.199 

1.330 

156 


Chief  Articles. 


Imp'ts,  Imp'ts,  Exp'ts,  Exp'ts, 
1916.         1917.         1916.         1917. 


Margarine:     Edible 
(inc.   sub'tutes) 

Raw 

Wrought 

Meat 

Palm-nut  kernels . . 

Paper 

Potatoes 

Potato  flour 

Rags 

Salt 

Seeds 

Spirits 

Stone 

Sugar:  Raw  beet. . 

Raw  cane 

Other 

Tallow,  soot,  grease 

Tar  and  pitch 

Tea 

Tobacco  and  cigars 
AVine:  In  casks.  .  . 

In  bottles 

Wood:  Fine 

Shipbuild's,  carp's 

Wool 

Yarns 


M.  tons 

53 
610.046 
261.324 
41.379 
31.079 
80.125 


6.046 


257.176 

136.120 

13.431 

5.186,998 

2.263 

22.718 

25.788 

iO.792 

14,939 

15,847 

146,410 

11,810 

3.591 

5  792 

943'.026 

7.386 

34.995 


M.  tons 

35 
155.881 
10.703 
4 
17,911 
25.983 
19 


131.435 

32.672 

5.488 

291,280 

61 

22 

589 

9,239 

202 

9,101 

30.707 

6,895 

1,426 

527 

460,774 

6.444 

17,506 


M.  tons 

165,705 
237,004 
82,285 
102,994 


245,703 


90,274 

31,135 

107,103 

17,729 

43,081 

,607,315 

37,694 

22,339 

32,281 

4,392 

8.230 

9.660 

114,895 

2.3S8 

2.588 

1,796 

120.401 

424 

1.695 


M.  tons 

105,818 

4,511 

6.973 

20,660 


73.267 

61.880 

10,363 

4,830 

15 

6,027 

19,669 

32 

16,231 


14,442 

6 

2,446 


34,073 

255 

1,586 

139 

265 


539 


The  value  of  exports  of  diamonds  amounted  approximately  to  S15,000,000  in  1915,  S25.000.000  in 
1916.  and  C2u,O0O.000  in  1917.  The  value  of  the  bulbs  exported  is  not  deiinitely  known,  but  is  estimated 
at  .?1. 000,000  a  year. 

Exports  from  Amsterdam  to  United  States  in  1917  were  valued  at  820,383.113.  as  against  937,070,830 
in  1916.     The  number  of  vessels  leaving  that  port  in  1917  was  758,  as  ag.iinst  1,022  in  1916. 

On  January  1.  1918.  Holland's  stocks  of  Imported  prain  consisted  of  77.889  metric  tons  of  wheat.  14.754 
tons  of  flour  and  4.000  tons  of  maize,  a  total  for  the  thrse  of  96.643  tons.     (Metric  ton  =  2.204.6  pounds). 

The  highest  average  value  of  farm  land  is  in  South  Holland,  which  has  The  Hague.  Rotterdam,  Leyden, 
and  I^elft — 2,875  florins  per  hectare  (S468  per  acre).  The  next  highest  is  in  Noith  Holland,  which  has 
Amsterdam  and  Haarlem — 2,690  florins  per  hectare  (S438  per  acre). 

The  catch  and  selling  value  of  the  sea  fisheries  v/ere  as  follows:  (1915)  148.060  metric  tons,  valued 
at  52.267.000  florins  (321.011,334);  (1916)  165,513  tons,  valued  at  79.627,000  florins  (832,010,054);  (1917) 
33,759  tons,  valued  at  16,498.000  florins  (S6. 632. 196). 

The  nroduct  of  the  coa'st  flsheries  is  as  follows:  (1916)  69.205  metric  tons,  vahied  at  5,276,227  florins 
(£2,121,043r,  (1917)  66,201  tons,  valued  at  5,033,528  florins  (.'52,023,478). 

■  In  1917  a  State  law  resulting  from  war  conditions  reduced  the  area  sown  to  sugar  beets  to  116.000 
acres.  The  product  of  sugar  was  about  160,000  metric  tons — practically  the  Quantity  of  sugar  annually 
consumed  by  the  Dutch  people. 

HOLLAND'S   COMMERCE   WITH   UNITED    STATES. 

The  value  of  the  declai-ed  exports  to  the  United  States  from  the  various  consular  districts  in  the  Nether- 
lands is: 


DISTKICTS. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

Districts. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

Rotterdam 

Amsterdam 

fSc'hcveningen . .  . 

Dollars. 

10,945.593 

24,684,322 

1,964,396 

Dollars 
5.903.140 

19.475.915 
2.458.424 

Dollars . 

7.428.1! i 
37.070.830 

2.630.646 

Dollars. 

3,564,036 

20,383,113 

919,943 

Flushing 

Total 

Dollars. 
58,759 

Dollars. 
58,621 

Dollars. 
28.373 

Dollars . 
3.500 

37.653.070 

27.896.100 

47.163.960 

24.870,592 

Value  of  principai  articles  invoiced  for  the  United  States: 

Articles. 

1916. 

1917. 

ARTICLES. 

1916. 

1917. 

Antiquities          

Dollars. 

75.898 

181,725 

44.891 

43,085 

15,838 

41,982 

45,243 

2,567.910 

1.039.301 

23,451 

116,634 

21,044.761 

Dollars. 
86.611 
32.486 
49,533 

Hides  and  skins 

Dollars. 

3,873,186 

75,189 

110,935 

318,013 

232,305 

628,984 

75.660 

459.605 

2,891,172 

168,129 

468,653 

183,511 

310,240 

33,040 

8,659,783 

43,735 

121,935 

45,029 

Dollars. 
1,318,801 

Art  works  of 

Ink  and  ink  powder 

Bead  trlmminGrs              .    . 

Metal  manufactures 

35,857 

Beeswax 

Milk  and  dairy  products 

Oils  of  all  k'nds 

72,977 

Birds,  canary 

22,806 

Books       ,            ...  * 

15,766 

11,764 

736,141 

189.635 

9,844 

189,010 

16,504,345 

8,398 

56,250 

10,356 

60,990 

103,011 

5,400 

30,426 

197,251 

187,449 

Paints  and  colors   

117.384 

Buttons 

Paper  and  printed  matter 

Paper  stock  and  rags 

53.878 

158.755 

Plants  and  bulbs 

1,975,593 

Confectionery 

Cotton  goods  and  laces 

Rubber,  India,  crude 

Seeds,  sugar  beet,  etc 

182,432 
50,166 

185,384 
18,684 

344.327 
74.214 
23.631 

194.976 
26,214 

224,378 
1,689,244 

Spirits 

130,382 

22,132 

Electric  lamps,  etc 

Tobacco 

Vegetables 

2,054,397 

Fertilizers   .            

8,984 

Fibres  and  textile  grasses 

Furs  and  fur  skins 

Wood  and  rattan  manufactures 
Yarn,  Turkish  red 

18.682 
35.965 

Glass  and  glassware 

Glue  and  glue  size 

All  others  and  total 

47,163,900 

24,870.592 

Herring,  pickled 

388 


American-Russian  Trade,  1913-1917. 


HOLLAND   (NETHERLANDS)   FOREIGN  T'&AD'Er— Continued. 


COLONIAL  HOLLAND  TRADE. 

Exports  from  tUe  Netherlands  to  the  Philippines  amounted  to  8135,432  in  1916  and  S75,658  in  1917; 
to  Hawaii,  813,883  in  1916  and  S9,727  In  1917;  and  to  Porto  Rico,  S4,551  in  1910  and  85,620  in  1917. 

Dutch  East  Indies  exports  to  United  States  in  1917  included  23,603,831  liters  of  cocoanut  oil,  12,907,013 
lbs.  of  kapok,  64,180,022  lbs.  of  copra,  6,706,405  lbs.  of  coffee,  544,520  lbs.  of  cocoa,  28,139.753  lbs.  of  fibre, 
9.558,915  lbs.  of  gum  copal,  3,152,399  hats,  8,469,829  lbs.  of  jelotong,  21,759,294  lbs.  of  pepper,  3,125,886 
lbs.  of  rice,  68,303,144  lbs.  of  rubber,  2,289,359  goat  skins,  87,009,150  lbs.  of  tapioca,  25,032,866  lbs.  of 
tea,  28,559,997  lbs.  of  tin,  and  11,658,154  lbs.  of  tobacco. 

Java's  tea  e.xports  in  1917  totaled  72,942,000  lbs.,  of  which  32,508,000  lbs.  came  to  North  America. 

EXPORTS   FROM    AMSTERDAM    TO   UNITED    STATES,    FIRST    HALF    1918. 

The  declared  value  of  all  articles  exported  to  the  United  States  during  the  fust  six  mouths  of  1918 
was  as  follows: 


ARTICLES. 

Totiil. 

ARTICLES. 

Total. 

AKTICLES. 

Total. 

Tiott.lft  cans 

Dollars. 

f,2G 

3,337 

1,062 

1,755 

8,386 

3,990,238 

2,498 

23,678 

Drugs  and  chemicals. . . . 

Earthcnv't'TC 

Household  e.fTects 

Oils:  Essential 

Dollars. 
5,183 
'  319 
2.215 
4,095 
4,015 
32,109 
7,007 

Plants , 

Dollars. 
35,796 

Rut.tons                 

Quinine 

4,297 

Bulbs                          

Seeds 

262,824 

f^infhonn.  bark             .... 

Spices 

2,915 

Haarlem 

Other  articles 

Total 

461 

Diamonds:  Polished. . . . 

Paints 

Paintings 

4,399,916 

Decolorizing  carbon .... 

The  total  for  ilrst  half  of  1917  was  .'510,030,510. 


AiV!EF?ICAiVS-RUS3iAN    TKADiS, 

1913-1917. 

iMl'OKTS    AND    EXPORTS. 

i9i;i. 

1914. 

1915. 

1910. 

U»17. 

UNITED    STATES   IMPORTS   FROU 

European  Russia 

Dollars. 
22,322,957 
2,054,113 

Dollars. 
12,308,334 
2,263,063 

Dollars. 
2,433,222 
653,373 

Dollars. 

4,478,990 

4,139,705 

Dollars. 
12,350,179 

Asiatic  Russia     

2,164,252 

Total  Impcts 

24,377,070 

25,905,351 
944,350 

14,569,397 

22.269,002 
5,696,275 

3,086,595 

125,794,954 
44,436,875 

8,618,695 

309.450,738 
159.305,812 

14,514,431 

UNITED    STATES   EXPORTS   TO — 

European  Russia 

314,639,528 

Asiatic  Russia 

109,169,243 

Total  exports 

Total  trade 

26,809,707 
51,286,777 

27.956,337 

42,525,734 

170,231,829 
173,318,424 

468,814,550 
477.433,245 

423,808,771 
438,323,202 

The  following  table  shoe's  the  principal  imports  inxo  the  United  States  from  Eiuoiiean  and  Asiatic 
Russia  in  the  calendar  years  1916  and  1917:  


Articles. 


FROM   EUROPE.'.N    RUSSIA. 

Bristles 

Flax 

Furs  and  fm*  skins,  undressed . 

Hides  and  skins:  Calfskins 

Licorice  root 

Potassium  carbonate 

Seed,  sugar-beet 

All  other  articles 


Total. 


1916. 


Dollars. 
340,260 
590,066 

1,500,018 


59,580 


729.398 
1,259,662 


4.478.990 


1917 


Dollars. 

406,"556 
3,068,281 
2,370,495 
1,034,4,54 
435,600 
798,512 
2,442.378 
1,803,903 


12,350.179 


AUTICLES. 


FROM    ASIATIC    RUSSIA. 

Carpets  and  iiigs 

Furs,  undres.sed 

Licorice  root 

Sausage  casings 

Seeds:  Gr.iss 

Sugar-beet 

AU  other  articles 


Total . 


19 16. 


Dollars. 

67,944 

149,704 

1,475,489 

802,423 

333,52? 

1,058,340 

252,278 


4.139,705 


1917. 


Dollars. 
239,685 
187,594 
184,581 
995,535 
138,142 
241,983 
170,732 


2,164,252 


In 


The  following  table  shows  the  principal  e:<ports  from  the  United  States  to  Euroueau  and  Asiatic  Russia 
1917: 


Articles. 


TO    EUROPEAN    RUSSIA. 

Agricult.  Implements: 

Mowers  and  reapers. . 

Plows  and  cultivators 

Bluder  twine 

Brass,  and  mfrs.  of .  . . 
Cars,  carriages,  etc.: 

Automobiles — Com'l . 
Passenger 

Cars,  freight 

Copper,  refined,  in  in- 
gots, bars,  etc 

Cotton,  unmanufact'd 
Dyes  and  dyestufis .  . . 

Explosives 

Iron,  steel,  mfrs..  of: 

Firearms 

Locomotives 

Metal-worklug  mchy . 
Railway-track   mater'l 
Struct,  iron  and  steel . 

Typewriters 


1917. 


Dollars. 

5,402,955 

275,632 

1,805,073 

4,292,790 

2,294,174 

1,341,925 

762,985 

18,276,701 

2,168,390 

187,014 

154,034,079 

55,088,473 

6,916,549 

5,459,828 

3,754,628 

85,633 

236,314 


.'iUTICLJi.S. 


TO   EUOEPEAN    RUSSIA. 

Wire — B.irbed 

AU  other 

Lead 

Leather,  and  mft.^.  of: 

Sole  leather 

Upper,  goat  and  kid . . 

Shoes — Men's 

Women's 

Tires,  automobile 

Zinc  spelter 


All  others  and  total . 

TO    ASIATIC    RUSSIA. 

Agricult.  implements: 
Mowers  and  reapers. . 

Binder  twine 

Cars,  carriages,  etc.: 
Automobiles — Com'l 

Passenger 

Cars,  freight 


1917. 


Dollars. 
1,508,002 
239,978 
2,638,063 

5,482,186 

2,095,836 

5,457,100 

558,1 

162,214 

382,418 


314,639,628 


441,184 
704,121 

622,883 

419,463 

1,263,974 


ARTICLES. 


TO   ASIATIC  RUSSIA. 

Copper,  refined,  in  In- 
gots, bars,  etc 

Cotton,  unmanufact'd. 

Explosives 

Iron,  steel,  mfrs.  of: 

Firearms 

Locomotives 

Metal-working  mchy. 

Railway-track  mater'l. 

Tin  plates,  terne  plat's, 

and  tagger's  tin . . , 

Wire — Barbed 

Other 

Lead 

Leather,  and  mfrs.  of: 

Sole  leather 

Shoes,  men's 

Zinc  spelter 


All  others  and  total 


1917. 


Dollars. 

870.807 

1,939,271 

71,319,083 

770,933 
5,364,402 
1,799,200 
2,110,045 

119,349 
415,696 
285,703 
116,670 

2,447,360 

230,856 

2,641,213 


109,169,243 


Oil  production  at  Baku,  in  barrels — (1914)   66,040,000;   (1915)  60,928,000:   (1916)  67,180,000;  (1917; 
(18,276,000. 

Tungsten  ore  production — (1917)  216,680  pounds. 

Exports  to  United  States  from  Vladivostok — (1917)  S3,525,000. 


Daughters  of  the  Cincinnati.  389 

GERMANIC    TRADE    AND    COMMERCE. 

.^No  authentic  or  official  figures  covering  the  foreign  trade  ol  Germany,  Austria  or  Hungary  have  been 
made  public  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 

v-<  Austria-Hungary — The  chief  productions  are  wine,  grains,  salt,  coal,  iron,  lead,  sulphur  and  copper. 
The  chief  manufactures  are  wool  and  cotton  goods  and  glass  articlesi.  The  imports  in  1914  were  valued 
at  $695,000,000,  and  the  exports  at  5501,000,000.  Austria  was  heavily  in  debt  when  war  began,  the  balance 
of  trade  having  been  against  her  for  several  years.  War  loans  have  added  to  the  burden.  Austrian  national 
expenditui'es  for  the  year  ending  June  30,  1918,  was  estimated  by  the  Minister  of  Finance  at  84,600,000, 
as  against  revenues  of  8870.000,000.  The  ordinary  revenues  of  Hungary  are  about  8400,000,000.  The 
Hungarian  debt  exceeded  $1,000,000,000  in  1912.  «  ' 

Germany — In  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1913,  covering  the  last  full  year  of  peace,  Germany's 
merchandise  exports  to  the  United  States  were  valued  at  8188,963,071,  and  her  merchandise  imports  from 
the  United  States  at  8331,684,212.  In  the  year  ended  June  30,  1917,  the  figures  were,  respectively,  81,524,- 
693  and  82,199,449.  In  the  first  named  period,  Austro-Hungarian  exports  to  the  United  States  were  valued 
at  819,192,414,  and  her  Imports  from  the  United  States  at  823,320,696.  In  the  second  period  named  these 
flgm-es  were,  respectively,  8225,452  and  SO. 

Germany's  trade  with  other  chief  countries  was  valued  as  follows:  Argentina  (1913),  8124,705,000; 
(1914),  868,252,000;  (1917),  practically  nothing.  Brazil  (1913),  8101,572,000:  (1916),  886,000.  Chile 
(1913),  860,351,000;  (1915).  83,584,000.  German  exports  to  Holland  and  Scandinavia  have  decreased  by 
50  per  cent.,  and  her  imports  therefrom  have  doubled  s.ince  the  war  began. 

The  imports  In  1914  were  valued  at  82,400,000,000,  and  the  exports  at  82,000,000,000.  Since  1907 
(when  32  per  cent,  of  the  population  were  in  agriculture,  and  37  per  cent,  in  mining  and  manufacturing), 
the  nation  has  grown  more  to  industry.  According  to  British  authorities  Germany  normally  supports 
90  per  cent,  of  her  inhabitants  by  the  products  of  her  own  soil.  In  1912  the  mine  products  were  valued 
at  82,900,000,000,  and  included  190,000,000  tons  of  coal.  87,000,000  tons  of  lignite,  and  over  28,000,000 
tons  of  iron  ore.  Other  chief  earth  products  are  salt,  lead,  graphite,  and  petroleum.  Chemicals  are  a 
large  industry,  also  the  making  of  garments. 

In  1913,  before  the  war,  Germany  had  2,098  sea-going  steamers  (4,000,000  gi-oss  tonnage),  and  2,420 
sailing  vessels  (448,000  gross  tonnage).  German  shipyards  in  1912  built  659  ships  for  themselves,  and 
124  for  other  countries,  totalling  more  than  400,000  gross  tonnage. 

The  ordinary  revenues  in  the  year  ending  March  31.  1918,  were  81,235,000,000,  and  the  expenditures 
were-  Ordinary,  31,235,000,000;  other,  87,520,000.  The  estimates  for  the  year  ending  March  31,  1919, 
were-  Revenues — Ordinary,  81,830,000,000;  from  certain  loans,  825,000,000.  Expenditures — Ordinary, 
81  830  000,000;  other,  8105,000,000.  The  total  funded  debt  of  the  German  Empire,  October  1,  1917,  was 
over  817  000,000,000;  and  on  January  1,  1918,  the  total  loan  credits  considerably  exceeded  819,000,000,000. 

Sugar  production  in  1918  is  officially  estimated  at  33,000,000  quintals. 

Potash  production  in  1918  was  hmited  by  the  Imperial  Government  to  9,186,000  metric  quintals  for 
home  use.  and  1,375,000  for  export.  A  metric  quintal  equals  220.46  pounds.  The  gradual  consolidation 
of  the  potash  mines,  commenced  in  peace  time,  became  all  the  more  urgent  in  war  time,  as  the  number  of 
mines  in  operation  had  increased  from  191  on  August  1,  1914,  to  209  on  January  1,  1918.  Under  this 
policy  99  mines  have  been  shut  down.  The  number  of  operatives  decreased  from  34,316  on  July  1,  1914, 
to  31,740  on  January  1,  1918,  the  latter  number  including  11,361  prisoners  of  war  and  2,336  women.  The 
general  average  wage  in  the  fourth  quarter  of  1917  was  6.20  marks,  as  against  4.37  marks  in  1914,  4.30 
marks  In  1915,  and  4.83  marks  in  1916.  (The  par  value  of  the  mark  is  §0.238.)  The  exports  of  potash 
from  Germany  In  1913  were  294,000,000  pounds,  valued  at  85,703,000. 

DECREASED    EXPORTS    FROM    DENMARK    TO    UNITED    STATES. 

THERE  was  a  large  decrease  in  the  value  of  the  exports  invoiced  at  the  American  Consulate  General 
at  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  for  the  United  States  during  1917,  compared  with  1916,  according  to  figures 
transmitted  by  Consul  General  William  H.  Gale.  The  total  value  of  the  exports  decreased  from  82,961,696 
to  3765,829.     The  following  were  the  principal  articles,  with  their  value: 

Chalk,  853,075;  diamonds,  863,109;  flint  pebbles,  8115,435;  frames,  photo,  839,981;  fur  skins,  81,031; 
hides,  8119,463;  machinery,  848,718;  paper,  839,100;  porcelain  and  pottery,  532,660;  rags,  832,230;  rennet, 
powder,  extract,  etc.,  823,954;  seeds,  892.532. „„„      „  ^      .  ,.     ,_ 

The  production  of  strong  beer  in  1917  amounted  to  about  27,367,000  gallons,  compared  with  about 
31383  000  gallons  In  1916.  During  the  years  1911-1915  the  average  annual  production  was  27,367,000 
eailons,  or  the  same  as  for  the  year  1917.  The  consumption  of  strong  beer  in  Denmark  in  1917,  i.  e.,  the 
amount  taxed  for  domestic  consumption,  was  26,285,000  gallons;  the  difference  between  the  production 
and  the  consumption  is  due  partly  to  waste  in  bottling,  but  mostly  to  exportation  and  sale  to  ships.  Of 
the  total  consumption  of  strong  beer  for  the  year  1917,  only  1,342,000  gallons  were  keg  beer  and  the  remainder 
was  bottled  beer.  The  production  of  weak  beer  amounted  in  1917  to  32,836,000  gallons,  compared  with 
36  798,000  gallons  in  1916  and  an  average  of  38,833,000  gallons  during  the  years  1911-1915.  .  ,       , 

Deposits  in  the  Danish  savings  banks  were  8298,444,800  on  January  1,  1918.  The  official  valuation 
for  taxes  of  real  estate  and  landed  property  in  the  Danish  country  districts  for  1916  was  8119,260,000, 
divided  into  about  333,000  properties.  The  land  itself  constituted  55  per  cent,  of  the  total  sum;  this  is 
an  increase  of  35.1  per  cent,  since  1909.  _  „  „  ,  „„„  „,, 

In  Denmark,  February,  1918,  were  510,615  horses,  2,141,684  cattle,  247,213  siieep,  and  788,814  swine 

On  January  1,  1918,  Denmark  had  538  steamships  (577,882  gross  tonnage);  488  motor  smps  (97,316 
gross  tonnage);  and  711  sailing  vessels  (103,575  gross  tonnage).  c..^  ah^/iaa    rrT,„ 

The  estimated  taxes  on  excess  incomes  in  all  Denmark  lor  the  year  1917-1918  totals  843,000,000.  The 
taxes  on  excess  personal  incomes  amounts  to  $15,000,000  in  the  city  of  Copenhagen  and  S6,500,0(W  outside: 
on  excess  corporation  incomes  the  taxes  amount  to  817,500,000  in  the  city  of  Copenhagen  and  83,000,000 
outside.  Besides  this  excess-income  tax  there  is  a  super-excess  income  tax  on  the  very  large  incomes, 
which  yielded  about  8500,000  from  personal  incomes  aud  an  insignificant  amount  from  corporations  in 
the  city  of  Copenhagen,  and  also  about  8500,000  from  Incomes  outside  of  Copenhagen.  Taxable  property 
in  Copenhagen,  1918,  totalled  8435,000,000. 

DAUGHTERS    OF    THE    CINCINNATI. 

President— Miss  Ruth  Lawrence.  Vice-President— Miss.  Eleanor  de  Graff  Cuyler. .  Secretary— Mrs. 
RusseU  Evans  Tucker,  1125  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City.  Treasurer— Misa  Annie  Ciarkson.  In- 
corporated in  1894.  The  objects  ai-e  "to  renew,  foster  and  develop  among  its  members  the  friendships 
formed  and  cemented  amid  the  trying  ordeals  of  the  War.  of  the  Revolution,  m  the  camp,  and  on  the  battle- 
field by  their  ancestors;  to  advance  and  encourage  investigation  and  study  of  the  history  of  the  Kevoiution. 
its  causes  and  results;  to  cherish  the  memory  and  record  the  deeds  of  the  noble  women  who  encouraged  and 
assisted  the  patriot  cause;  to  commemorate  by  celebrations  and  tablets  the  achieyements  ot  our  a°«estoi^ 
in  the  Revolution,  and  to  gather  and  carefully  preserve  documents  and  relics  relating  to  the  Revolutionary 

^^""■riie  great  work  of  the  society  is  the  education  of  a  daughter  of  a  Naval  or  Army  officer,  with  a  view 
to  self-support  in  Teachers'  College. 


390 


Turkey — Its  Revenues  and  Commerce. 


SPAIN'S    FOREIGN    COMr^ERCS,  JANUARY-iJUNE,  1918. 

The  following  table  shows  the  value  oJ  imports  Into  Spain,  by  groups  ol  articles.  In  the  first  six  montha 
of  1916.  1917.  and  1918: 


ARTICLES. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 

AhTJCLES. 

191S. 

1917. 

1918. 

Animals,  living. 
Raw  materials. . 
Manufact.  goods 

Pesetas. 

2,000.000 
220,400,000 
119,800,000 

pesetas. 

3,100,000 
217,400,000 
120,000,000 

Pesetas. 
4,000,000 
134,600,000 
79,200,000 

Foodstuffs 

Total 

Pesetas. 
115.000,000 

Pesetas. 
75,800,000 

Pesetas. 
60,000,000 

457,700,000 

416.200,000 

227.400,000 

The  exchange  value  of  tlie  sliver  peseta  in  the  lirst  six  months  of  the  three  j'ears  was  approximately 
as  follows:     1916,  S0.196;  1917,  S0.2208;  1918,  S0.2704. 

The  value  of  the  chief  imports,  stated  in  pesetas,  was:  Raw  cotton,  40,758,000;  coffee,  13,811;  cocoa, 
12,142,000;  wheat,  10,715,000;  fibres,  10,249,000;  Qsh,  10,463,000;  hides  and  skins,  11,717,000;  tobacco 
leaf,  19,747,000. 

The  following  table  shows  the  value  of  exports  from  Spain,  by  gi'oups  of  articles,  in  the  first  six  months 
of  1916,  1917.  and  1918: 


ARTICLES. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 

ARTICLES. 

1910. 

"1917. 

191S. 

Animals,  living . 
Raw  materials . . 
Manufact.  goods 

Pesetas. 

9,300,000 
130.600,000 
265,500,000 

Pesetas. 

2,800,000 
114,700,000 
279,200,000 

Pesetas. 

,300.000 

87,500,000 

187.800.000 

Foodstuffs 

Total 

Pesetas. 
278,300,000 

Peicta^i. 
274,100,000 

Pesetas. 
128,800,000 

683,700.000 

670.800,000 

404.400.000 

The  value  of  the  chief  experts,  stated  in  pesetas,  was:  Cotton  textiles,  34,736,000;  lead.  24,936,000; 
iron  ore,  23,643,000;  oranges,  12,230,000;  corli  .stoppers,  10,987,000;  red  wine,  i6,19*,000;  ahasvls,  9,529,000; 
copper,  13,910,000. 

SPANISH    BANKING    INSTITUTIONS. 

In  the  year  1772  was  founded  the  Banco  de  San  Carlos,  subsequently  reorganized  in  1829,  with  a 
capita!  of  80,000,000  reales  (20,000,000  pesetas,  equivalent  to  83,860,000  at  normal  exchange  of  S0.193,  at 
which  rate  all  conversions  herein  have  been  made),  under  the  name  of  Banco  Espanol  de  San  Fernando. 
By  royal  decree  of  January  25,  1844,  there  was  created  in  IVIadrid  the  Banco  de  Isabel  II.,  whicVi.  three 
years  later,  was  absorbed  by  the  Banco  Espanol  de  San  Fernando.  By  a  law  of  January  28,  1856,  the 
name  of  Biwico  de  Espaua  was  accorded  to  this  institution,  and  under  this  name  it  began  operations  with 
a  capital  of  200,000,000  pesetas  (838,600,000).  In  1874  the  exclusive  privilege  of  issuing  bank  notes  was 
accorded  to  the  Banco  de  Espana,  which  at  the  present  time  ha.T  a  paid-in  capital  of  150,000,000  pesetas 
(S28,950,000).  A  law  of  December  2,  1872,  created  in  Madrid  the  Banco  Hipotecario  de  Espana,  and  by 
a  royal  decree  of  August  10,  1875,  this  bank  was  accorded  e:;clu=ive  rights  to  Issue  mortgage  script.  The 
oldest  existing  private  banl;  in  Spain  is  the  Bank  of  Barcelona  (1844),  which  has  a  paid-in  capita!  of  10,000,- 
000  pesetas.     The  largest  is  the  Spanish  American  Bank  (1900),  50,000,CC0  pesetas  capital. 


SWEB5SH  COrv1f*?SRCEo 
The  exports  from  Stockholm  to  the  United  States  for  the  first  half  of  1918  were  valued  at  8693,890, 
a  total  which  is  much  reduced  by  reason  of  the  Araoilcan  embargo  and  tonnage  difTicultles.  The  most 
important  items  were  measuring  tools,  8165,308;  cream  separators,  S157,440;  steei  products,  8138,329; 
machinery  and  parts,  S84,105:  and  rough  iron  bars,  S74.254.  Official  figures  have  been  published  for  the 
import  and  export  of  the  prinoipol  commodities  in  Sweden  for  tl:e  first  half  of  1918.  Some  of  the  important 
changes  from  1917  are  given  below: 


ARTICLES. 

J.\.\UABI 

-JUXB 

ARTICLES. 

jANCAKT-JtnVE 

1917. 

1918. 

1917. 

1918. 

IMPORT. 

Salt  heiTing 

. . .tons 

14,265 
490,000 
23,799 
26,893 
40,605 
24.793 

33,237 

S.SCO.OOO 

12,282 

1  Chile  salt!>eter 

Potash  salts 

Coal 

Cok.y 

. .  .ton? 
. .  .tons 
. . . tons 

16,565 

11,688 

578,140 

199,591 

122,281 

2,169,602 

1,012 
62,?-57 

. .  dozen 

1,116,309 

Corn 

. . .tons 

339,455 

Wheat 

. . . tons 
. . . tons 
. . . tons 

Bi1qL;ettes 

EXPORT. 

Iron  ores 

. .  . tons 
. .   tons 

27,145 

Illuminating  oil 

Oil  cake 

2,483 

1,746,372 

The  exports  of  iron  ore  frbin  Sweden  in  1917  .showed  an  increase  over  the  previous  year  oi  135,184 
tons,  the  total  aggregating  5,702.808  tons.  Various  kinds  of  iron  were  exported  to  the  .'.mount  of  495,701 
tons,  a  decrease  of  77,366  tons  from  the  total  for  1916.  Impoits  of  iron  fell  by  201,879  tons  to  102,000 
tons.  Of  pig  Iron  the  1917  prodtiction  was  837. 1S4  tons,  an  Increase  over  1916  of  88,0SS  tons.  Bessemer 
Ingots  were  produced  to  the  amount  of  78,130  tons,  an  Increase  of  1,118  tons,  while  martin  ingots  amount"ed 
to  497,332  tons,  a  decrease  of  36,568  tons. 

The  aggregate  capital  stock  of  the  Swedish  banks  during  1917  increased  by  S28,40S,000,  or  25.5  per 
cent.,  and  was  at  the  end  of  the  year  5139,628,000,  the  reserve  funds  at  the  same  time  Iiaving  increased  by 
.$24,438,000  to  8102,376,000.  The  savings  accounts  grew  during  the  year  from  $669,000,000  to  5863,000,000. 
Tlie  aggregate  net  profits  of  the  banks  in  1917  were  823,530,400,  as  against  $24,602,400  in  1916,  thus  nomi- 
nally a  decrease  of  81,072.000.  bvit  in  reality  this  means  much  more,  considering  that  the  capital  of  the 
banks  was  somewhat  less  in  1916  than  in  1917. 


BULCARtA'S    TRADE. 

The  chief  Bulgarian  exports  are  wheat,  cattle,  dairy  products,  silk  cocoons,  and  tobacco.  The  chief 
Imports  are  clothing,  implements  and  machinery,  petroleum,  fi.sh,  coal,  and  rice.  The  exports  in  1913 
were  valued  at  §18,600,000,  the  imports  at  835,000,000.  The  revenues  in  1914  were  351,000,000,  and  the 
debt,  January  1,  1915,  approximated  8175,000,000. 


TURKEY-STS    REVEI^UES    AND    COiV3IV9ERCE. 

Turkish  revenues  in  tbe  year  ended  March  31  1918.  anr.roxlmated  S128,000,000,and  the  expenditures 
8205,000,000.  The  total  debt,  January  1,  1918,  was  SI. 385,000,000,  of  which  $810,000,000  represented 
war  obligations,  practically  all  of  the  obligations obeing  loans  by  the  Central  Powers.  Agriculture  is  the 
main  industry.  The  impoits  in  the  year  ended  March  31,  1914,  were  valued  at  8183,000,000,  and  the  esports 
at  $96,000,000.    The  chief  exports  are  dried  Irait,  opium,  barley,  tobacco,  raisins,  and  wool. 


Japan — Its  Commerce  and  Industries. 


391 


Year. 


Japan— Kts  Commerce  anlr  Kntrustries. 

(From  data  furnished  by  Akira  Den,  Japanese  Financial  Commissioner  ,) 


1868. 

1869. 

1870. 

1871. 

1872. 

1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

1870. 

1877. 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885.. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888., 

1889., 

1890., 

1891., 

1892.. 


Exports. 


Yen 
15,553 
12.908 
14,543 
17,968 
17,026 
21,635 
19,317 
18,611 
27,711 
23,348 
25,988 
28,175 
28,395 
31,058 
37,721 
36,268 
33,871 
37,146 
48,876 
52,407, 
65.705, 
70,060, 
56,603, 
79,527,: 
91,102, 


,473 
,978 
,013 
,609 
,647 
,441 
,306 
•  111 
528 
521 
140 
,770 
,387 
888 
,751 
,020 
466 
691 
313 
681 
510 
706 
506 
272 
754 


Imports. 


Yen. 
10.693,072 
20,783.633 
33.741.637 
21,916.728 
26,174,815 
28,107,390 
23,461,814 
29,975,628 
23,064,679 
27.420,903 
32,874,834 
32,953,002 
36,626,601 
31,191.246 
29,446,594 
28,444,842 
29,672,647 
29,366,968 
32,168,432 
44,304,252 
65,455,234 
66,103,767 
81,728.581 
62,927,268 
71,326,080 


Total. 


Yen. 
26,226,545 
33,692,611 
48,184,650 
39,885,336 
43,201,462 
49,742,831 
42,779,120 
48,583,739 
51,676,207 
50,769,424 
85,832,974 
61,128,772 
65,021,488 
62,250,134 
67,168,345 
64,712,862 
63,544,113 
66,503,659 
81,044,745 
96,711,933 
131,160,744 
136,164,473 
138,332,087 
142,454,5401 
162,428,834 


Year. 


1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


Exports. 


Yen. 
89,712,865 
113,246,086 
136,112.178 
117,842,761 
163,135,077 
165,753,753 
214,929,894 
204,429,994 
252,349,543 
258,303,065 
289,502,442 
319,260,896 
321.533,610 
423,754,892 
432,412,873 
378,245,673 
413.112,511 
458,428,996 
447,433,888 
526,981,842 
632,460,213 
591,101,461 
708,306,997 
,'27,438,118 
,603,005,033 


Imports. 


Yen. 
88,257,172 
117,481,955 
129,260,578 
171,674,474 
219,300,772 
277,502,157 
220,401,926 
287,261,846 
2.55,816,646 
271,731,259 
317,135,518 
371,360,738 
488,538,017 
418,784,108 
494,467.346 
436,257,462 
394,198,843 
464,233,808 
513,805,706 
618,992,277 
729,431,644 
595,736,726 
532,449,938 
756,427,910 
,035,792,443 


Total. 


Yen. 
177,970,037 
230,728,041 
265,372.756 
289.517,235 
382.435,849 
443,255,910 
435,331,820 
491,691,840 
508,166,188 
530,034,324 
606,637,960 
690,621,634 
810,071,627 
842,539,000 
926,880,219 
814,503,135 
807,311,354 
922,662,804 
961,239,693 
,146,974,119 
,361,891,857 
,186,837,186 
,240,766,935 
,883,896,028 
,638,797,476 


Divide  yen  by  2  Jor  dollars.     Trade  of  Chosen  and  Taiwan  not  included  in  the  table. 

UNITED   STATES-JAPAN    TRADE,    FISCAL    YEAR   ENDED    JUNE    30,    1918. 

United  States  merchandise  imports  from  Japan  totalled,  in  value,  8284,945,439,  as  against  8208,127.- 
478  in  1917;  and  the  United  States  exports  to  Japan  were,  in  value,  5267,730,637,  as  against  8130,427,061 
in  1917.  United  States  gold  imports  from  Japan  were  nothing,  as  against  898,213  in  1917;  gold  exports 
from  United  States  to  Japan  were  870,542,191,  as  against  5110,507,313  in  1917.  United  States  silver 
imports  from  Japan  were  SS,  as  against  577,890  in  1917;  United  States  silver  exports  to  Japan  were  nothing, 
as  against  .S184,000  in  1917.  Sillv  imports  were— Raw,  5152,129,401;  fabrics,  59,560.992;  wearing  apparel, 
81,001,208. 

JAPAN'S    FOREIGN   TRADE,    BY    COUNTRIES,    1916-1917. 


Countries. 


North  America — United  States. 

Canada 

iVIexico 

Asia — China 

Kwangtung  Province 

Hongkong 

British  India 

Straits  Settlements 

Dutch  India 

French  Indo-China 

Asiatic  Russia 

Philippines 

Siam 

Europe — United  Kingdo.-n 

France 

Germany 

Belgium 

Italy  

Switzerland 

Austria-Hungary 

Holland 

Sweden 

Norway 

Russia 

Spain 

Denmark 

Turkey 

Portugal .  .  .  ■. 

South  America — Peru 

Chile 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Africa — Egypt 

Cape  Colony  and  Natal 

Other  Africa 

All  other — Australia 

New  Zealand 

Hawaii 

Other  countries 

Temporary  warehouse 


Exports  to — 


1916. 


5169,604,040 

5,642,043 

289,072 

96,067,239 

18,474,365 

17,437,511 

35,701,301 

9,201,749 

8,683,146 

932,107 

58,670,199 

6,728,061 

1,062,367 

51,174,796 

31.907,292 


1,930,390 
19,604 


Total . 


56,093 

133,737 

5,020,975 

16,660,167 

747,089 

203,927 

9,796 

8,649 

250,755 

462,313 

648,866 

50,206 

2,685,742 

2,131,641 

241,011 

13,847,362 

1,563.472 

3,560,226 

1,245,558 


5562.042,857 


1917. 


5238 


168 

32 

28 

50 

13 

18 

1 

37 

8 

1 

101 

48 


550,617 
054,864 
79,881 
.712,694 
,703,832 
535,099 
,497,272 
969,744 
068,302 
,877,435 
,006,721 
408,837 
100,503 
019,0'','5 
763. C23 


8,949,617 
72,091 


52,311 

8,.503 

1,004,854 

6,737,002 

261,326 

195,384 


16,524 

384,501 

1,183,189 

1,740,721 

231.567 

6,733.129 

3.383,112 

256,262 

13,603,638 

2,083,264 

3,211,731 

1,581.773 


S799.098.016 


Imports  Froii- 


1916. 


8101,733,357 

830,616 

3,. 578 

54,156,360 

16,926,018 

506.124 

89,463,100 

5,352,485 

7,092,672 

3,009,266 

884.447 

4,718,975 

1,470,080 

40,743,450 

2,227,125 

2,063,514 

170,648 

350,152 

912,276 

18,135 

210,460 

5,634,040 

1,031,157 

550,505 

76,786 

56,137 

4,178 

4,398 

244,208 

3,036,572 

30,498 

19,842 

4,153,698 

3,614 

112,891 

21,601,320 

5,406 

37,533 

3,406.791 

4/227.901 


§377,079,313 


1917. 


S179 
1 

66 
26: 

111 
7, 
8 
3 
1 
7 
2 
31 
2 
1 


4, 
16 


312,973 

274,718 

3,224 

,436,611 

510,329 

899,196 

,634,740 

,502.489 

,640,650 

,636,915 

,872.008 

645,882 

169,871 

,557,235 

,175,763 

,266.340 

6,429 

217,1.39 

,538,412 

11,426 

628,399 

,637,394 

146,948 

652,755 

92,330 

26,241 

2,470 

3,298 

67,972 

,844,036 

,569,540 

27,948 

,437,231 

,397,562 

992,392 

417,849 

5.643 

128,968 

220,522 

751,089 


5516,351,837 


Japan's  chief  imports  in  1917,  v.ilued  in  yen:    Oil  cake,  56,846,000; 
52,112,000.  iron,  191,979,000;  machinery,  30,875,000. 


raw  cotton,    330,976,000;    wooir 


392 


Japan — Its  Commerce  and  Industries — Continued. 


TRADE    BETWEEN    JAPAN    AND 

THE   UNITED    STATES. 

YE.\n. 

Exports    to 
U.  S. 

Imports 
From  U.  S. 

Year. 

Exports    to 
U.  S. 

Imports 
From  U.  S. 

Year.  . 

Exports    to 

U.  S. 

Imports 
From  U.  S. 

Yen. 

Yen. 

•  Yen . 

Yen. 

Ye-n. 

Yen. 

1891 

27,795,754 

6,840,047 

1901 

72,309,359 

42,769,430 

1910 

143,702,849 

54,699,166 

1892 

38,674,771 

5,988,053 

1902 

80,232,805 

48,652,825 

1911 

142,725,642 

81,250,909 

1893 

27,739,458 

6,090,408 

1903 

82,723,986 

46,273,871 

1912 

168,708,898 

127,015,757 

1894 

43,323,557 

10,982,558 

1904 

101,250,773 

58,116,344 

1913 

184,473,382 

122,408,361 

1895 

54,028,950 

9,276,360 

1905 

94,009,072 

104,286,528 

1914 

196,539,008 

96,771,077 

1896 

31,532,341 

16,373,420 

1906 

125,964,408 

69,948,681 

1915 

204,141,844 

102,534.279 

1897 

52.436,404 

27,030,538 

1907 

131,101,015 

80,697,362 

1916 

340,244,817 

204,078,950 

1898 

47,311,155 

40,001,098 

1908 

121,996,586 

77,636,556 

1917 

416,254,956 

260,854,122 

1899 

63,919,270 

38,21.5,894 

1909 

131,547,139 

54.043,172 

1918 

569,890,878 

535,461,274 

1900 

52,566,395 

62,761,196 

CHIEF    AGRICULTURAL 

PRODUCTS 

OF   JAPAN. 

YEA.R. 

Rice. 

Potatoes. 

Sweet 
Potatoes. 

Sugar 
Cane. 

Tea. 

SUk. 

Tobacco. 

1906 

Koku. 

Kwan. 
135,650,090 
147,397,908 
153,6"1,857 
159,637,502 
179,397,660 
182,659,843 
186,292,338 
189,700,412 
234,502,689 
254,759,281 

Kwan. 
798,664.238 
926,195,698 
963,738,183 
907,487,054 
832,877,987 

1,005,903,326 
980,502,214 

1,037,209,338 
981,108,069 

1,055,633,667 

Kwan. 
147,616,576 
165,444,642 
197,748,974 
190,793,502 
219,870,982 
229,179,482 
212,795,505 
230,972,197 
266,954,504 
263,865,827 

Kwan. 
7,367,987 
7,409,974 
7,990,425 
8,342,446 
8,680,502 
8,982,970 
8,780,321 
8,609,227 
9.152,193 
10,183,064 

Kwan. 
3,227,954 
3,512.965 
3,775.712 
4,147.810 
4,454,925 
4,728,641 
4,841,538 
4,868,766 
5,460,296 
6,084,406 

Kwan. 

1907.... 
1908 

49,052,065 
51,933,893 
52,437,662 
46,633,376 
51,712,433 
50,222,509 
50,255,267 
57.006.541 
55,924,590 

12,735,256 
12,523,-589 

1909.... 
1910.... 
1911.... 
1912.... 
1913.... 
1914.... 
1915.... 

11,426,144 
11,153,628 
11,766,727 
10,082,651 
11,317,478 
12,718,476 
15,154,186 

KoUu  =  4.96  bushels.     Kw.<in  =  S.26  pounds  (avoirdupois.)     Tobacco  is  by  fiscal  years. 

The  other  cereal  crops  of  1916  were,  in  Kotus:     Barley,  9,559,242;  rye,  7,921.951;  wheat.  5,869,611; 
buckwheat,  1,255,740;  miUet,  2,496,093.     Seed  cotton,  830,602  twau;  hemp,  2,437.871  kwan;  leaf  indige 
3,509,918  kwan. 

JAPAN'S  MINERAL  PRODUCTS. 


Year. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Copper. 

Lead. 

Pig  Iron. 

Coal. 

Petroleum . 

190G 

Yen. 
3,572,940 
3,868,755 
4,457,430 
5,077,058 
5,671,806 
6,059,497 
6,799,072 
7,252,000 

9.398.449 
10,804,540 

Yen. 
3,351,453 
4,040,431 
4,362,740 
4,261,481 
4,896,188 
4,761,652 
5,896,084 
5,635,124 

5,370,278 

5,287,624 

Yen. 
29,233,8,53 
32,467,871 
22,409,424 
24,536,150 
25,819,259 
27,133,448 
40,252,061 
42,012,126 

39,007,387 
53,731,798 

Yen. 
496,909 
568,036 
405,123 
428,204 
488,828 
506,604 
531,282 
617,866 

827,282 
976,389 

Yen. 
2,042,913 
2,089,586 
1,736,734 
2,025,235 
2,197,169 
1,964,649 
2,304,614 
2,552,245 

2,742,223 
2,497,130 

Yen. 
63,144,000 
59,961,264 
63,623,773 
58,213,680 
51,076,398 
55,006,501 
61.412,837 
70,956,121 

80,350,387 
65,068,894 

Yen. 
3.145.502 

1907 

5.218,737 

1908 

6,520,871 

1909 

6,428,514 

1910 

6,880,471 

1911 

6,733,514 

1912 

8,377.073 

1913 

12,498,506 

1914 

i  9,430,505 
1    *200,544 
/  9,873,413 
\    *197,407 

1915 

*  Gas. 


POPULATION    OF   JAPAN. 


DjiUr;.MBER   31. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

DSU2MBEK    31. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

Japan  Proper: 
1907 ; 

24,645,028 
25.046,380 
25,387,023 
25,759,347 
26,152,214 
26,544,759 
26,964,586 
27,395,920 
•27,834,255 
28,279,603 

6,926,375 
6,942,836 
6,952.269 
7,057,458 
7,397.994 
7,732,404 
8,032,982 
e,259.063 
C,510,138 
8,768,846 

24,174,627 
24,542,424 
24,867,454 
25,225,505 
25,601,731 
25,978,808 
26,398,096 
26,820,466 
27,249,593 
27.685.586 

6,114,326 
6,128,341 
6,138,587 
6,255,559 
6,657,875 
7,094,697 
7,425,881 
7,670,899 
7,904,094 
8.144,378 

48,819,630 
49,588,804 
50,254,471 
50,984,844 
51,753,934 
52,522,753 
53,362.682 
54,216,485 
55,083,949 
55,965,292 

13,040,701 
13,071,177 
13,090,856 
13,313,017 
14,055,869 
14.827,101 
15,458,863 
15,929,962 
16.414,232 
16,913,224 

Taiwan  (Formosa) : 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1,706,172 
1,718,620 
1.735,984 
1,760.019 
1.794.052 
1.825,518 
1,857,694 
1,883,177 
1,912,366 
1,942.007 

12,458 
14,933 
14,723 
17,693 
20,741 
23,903 
24,573 
32.314 
41.685 
53,773 

1,517,706 
1, ,533,969 
1,554,202 
1,581.198 
1.616,786 
1,651.161 
1,685,859 
1,715,257 
1,741,843 
1,768.841 

S.OU 
11.460 
11.513 
13.324 
15.984 
18,235 
19,783 
24,892 
32,110 
41.421 

3.223,968 

1908 

1909 

3,252,589 
3,290,186 

1910 

1911 

1910 

1911 

3,341,217 
3,410,838 

1912 

1913 

1912 

1913 

3,476,679 
3,543.553 

1914 

1914 

3,598.434 

1915 

1916 

1915 

1916 

3,654,209 
3.710,848 

Chosen  (Korea): 

1907 

1908 

Karafuto  (Japanese 
Saehalien) : 
1907 

20.469 

1909 

1908 

1909 

26,393 

1910. .    . 

26,236 

1911 

1910 

1911 

1912 

31,017 

1912 

■36,725 

1913 

42.138 

1914 

1915 

1913 

1914 

44,356 
"    57,206 

1916 

1915 

'J  73,795 

1916 

95,194 

For  the  years  subsequent  to  1914  Inclusive  in  the  case  of  Jajjan  Proper  and  for  the  years  subsequent 
to  1915  inclusive  in  the  case  of  Taiwan,  Chosen,  and  Karafuto,  the  figures  of  the  estimated  population  are 
given  here  respectively.  The  figures  for  the  population  of  Chosen,  Taiwan,  and  Karafuto  represent  the 
number  of  persons  actually  domiciled  or  resident  there.  The  figures  for  the  population  of  Chosen  in  1909 
represent  the  number  of  persons  actually  domiciled  or  resident  there  on  May  10.  1910.  The  reliable  figures 
prior  to  1908  inclusive  are  not  procurable. 

The  national  debt  in  1917  totalled  yen  2.467.701.938,  of  whicb  yen  1,370,207,560  ^£.s  foreign,  and 
yen  1,097.494.378  was  internal. 


Japanese  Emigration. 


393 


JAPAN — ITS  COMMEKCE  AND   INDUSTUTRS— Co?(<«nw«d. 


REVENUES    AND 

EXPENDITURES    OF 

JAPAN. 

FlNANC'L 

Yeae. 

Revenue. 

Expendi- 
ture. 

FINANC'L 

Year. 

Revenue. 

Expendi- 
ture. 

KlNANC'L 
YEAR. 

Revenue. 

Expendi- 
ture. 

1876-77... 
1877-78... 
1878-79... 
1879-80... 
1880-81... 
1881-82... 
1882-83. .  . 
1883-84... 
1884-85... 
1885-86. . . 
1886-87... 
1887-88... 
1888-8©... 
1889-90... 

Yen. 
59,481,036 
52.338,133 
62,443,749 
62,151,752 
63,367,254 
71,489,880 
73,508,427 
83,106,859 
76,669,654 
62,156,835 
85,326,144 
88,161,074 
92.956,933 
96,687,979 

Yen. 
59,308.956 
48,428,324 
60,941,336 
60,317,678 
63,140,897 
71,460,321 
73,480,667 
83,106,859 
76,663,108 
61,115,313 
83,223,960 
79,453,036 
81,504,024 
79,713,672 

1890-91... 
1891-92..  . 
1892-93... 
1893-94... 
1894-95... 
1895-96... 
1896-97... 
1897-98... 
1898-99... 
1899-00... 
1900-01... 
1901-02... 
1902-03... 
1903-04.    . 

Yen. 
106,469,354 
103,231,489 
101,461,911 
113,769,381 
98,170,028 
118,432,721 
187,019,423 
226,390,123 
220,054,127 
254,254,524 
295,854,868 
274,359,049 
297,341,424 
260,220,758 

Yen. 

82,125,403 

83,555,891 

76,734,740 

84,581,872 

78,128,643 

85,317,179 

168,856,509 

223,678,844 

219,757,569 

254,165,538 

292,750,059 

266,856,824 

289,226,731 

249,596,131 

1904-05... 
1905-06... 
1906-07..  . 
1907-08... 
1908-09... 
1909-10... 
1910-11..  . 
1911-12... 
1912-13... 
1913-14... 
1914-15... 
1915-16... 
1916-17..  . 
1917-18... 

Yen. 
327,466,936 
535,256,392 
530,447,807 
857,083,817 
794,937,260 
677,546,278 
672,873,778 
657,192,221 
687,392,480 
721,975,484 
734,648,055 
708,615,882 
600,938,397 
714.534.127 

Yen. 
277,055,682 
420,741,205 
464,275,583 
602,400,959 
636,361,093 
532,893,635 
569,154,028 
585,374.613 
593,596,446 
573,633,925 
648,420,409 
583,269,853 
602,262,972 
714,534,127 

The  yen  for  all  practical  caiculation.s  equals  50  cents. 

The  financial  years  Irom  1876-77  to  1884-85  consist  of  12  months  each,  from  July  1  to  June  30;  the 
financial  year  1885-86  comprises  9  months,  from  July  1  to  March  31:  and  those  subsequent  to  1886-87 
Inclusive  consist  of  12  montlis  each,  from  April  1  to  March  31.  The  figures  for  the  financial  years  from 
1875-76  to  1914-15  represent  the  settled  accounts,  those  tor  the  financial  year  1915-16  the  actual  account 
on  October  31,  1916,  and  those  for  the  financial  years  1916-17  and  1917-18  the  budget  estimates.  As  a 
sum  of  yen  1,324,575  is  to  be  left  unused  of  the  total  expenditure  for  1916-17,  in  consequence  of  the  dis- 
bursement of  the  special  war  expenditure,  the  net  expenditure  amounts  to  yen  600,938,397. 

The  chief  sources  of  revenue  in  1917-18  are,  in  yen;  Taxes,  320,434,489;  land  levy,  72,815,747;  income 
tax,  36,880,640;  on  liquors,  89,874,723;  sugar  excise,  25,174,187;  on  business,  22,257,000;  from  public 
undertakings,  176,346,659;  from  textiles,  17,4,59,341;  stamp  receipts,  30,790,718;  postal,  telegraph,  and 
telephone  service,  70,228,229;  tobacco  monopoly,  59,061,606;  public  loans,  19,430,963. 

Chief  expenditures  1917-18  were.  In  yen:  Finance,  including  interest  on  debt,  139,686,874;  army, 
80  240,568;  navy,  49,810,653;  justice,  12,037,811;  public  instruction,  9,812,159;  agriculture  and  commerce, 
7  548,322;  communications,  including  railways  and  postal.  71,257,657;  total  ordinary,  437,261,322;  chief 
extraordinary,  home  affairs,  41,092,130:  finance,  114,829,842;  army,  19,244,207;  navy,  69,760,070;  agri- 
culture and  commerce,  17,774,514;  communications,  22,498,687.         „      „    „„  ^  „,„,,,.„ 

Railways  of  Japan  in  1916  totaled  over  7,500  miles;  earned  125,795,388  passengers  and  24,74o,142 
tons  of  freight;  had  a  paid  up  capital  of  130,000,000  yen;  and  the  construction  cost  had  averaged,  per  mUe, 
90,931  yen  for  state  lines  and  86,978  yen  tor  private  lines.        ,,_,„,„  ,„,  ^  „„  „„, 

The  merchant  marine  in  1916  totalled  3,759  steam  craft,  with  1,716,104  tonnage,  and  20,301  salllne 
vessels,  with  741,094  tonnage.  ,  ,  „    „„ 

Banks  in  1916  numbered  2,094,  not  including  52  special  banks,  and  had  486,689,926  yen    paid-up 
capital,  with  23,141,377.450  yen  deposits.      The  Bank  of  Japan  was  founded  in  1882,  and  in  1916  had 
80  000  000  yen  capital.     The  Yokohama  Specie  Bank,  founded  in  1880,  had  in  1916  a  capital  of  48,000,000  yen. 
'    Factories  in  1915  numbered  16,809,  with  910,799  employes. 

Japanese  flsherie.s  yielded  94,836,004  yen  In  1915.     Salt  production  was  valued  at  11,246,562  yen. 

Coinage  in  1916  in  yens:  Gold,  41,949,700:  silver,  4,883,044;  coins  in  circulation,  yens  181,400,071; 
bank  notes  in  circulation,  vens  601,224.411;  deposits  in  po.stal  savings  banks  number  12,700,105,  yens 
225  989,937.  Insurance  in  force  in  1916  in  yen:  Life,  1,072,228,842;  con.scription,  43,766,307;  fire, 
1  564  627  681-  marine,  153,109,583.  Bourse  transactions  in  stocks  and  bonds  in  1915  in  yens,  2,388,410,500. 
'  Letters,  etc.,  posted  in  1916  numbered  1,910,305,481;  parcel  post  packages,  26,387,563;  teiephono 
messages,  1,212,977,361. 

JAPAN'S    GOLD    AND    SILVER    IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS^ __^ 


YBAB. 


1881 
IS'32 
1683 
18'34 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 


Gold 
Exports. 


Yen. 

2,246,889 

1,251,035 

1,009,570 

1,423,654 

492,636 

302,542 

86,236 

450,284 

268,010 

1,687,606 

230,446 

8,544,523 

2,302,678 

3,547,138 

2,791,952 

1,996,576 

8,863,798 

46,281,343 

8,768,365 


Gold 
Imports. 


Yen. 

150 

500 

559 

299,202 

608,813 

1,159,468 

1,259,527 

1,203,252 

749,924 

360,242 

283,144 

395,493 

496,730 

555,966 

1,029,912 

10,217,458 

64,313,493 

37,027,753 

20,080,696 


Sliver 
Exports. 


Yen. 

5,246,658 

3,179,162 

2,146,995 

3,581,418 

3,763,809 

9,323,905 

10,949,252 

7,383,160 

4,920,520 

12,090,926 

1,222,518 

1,185,230 

9,986,510 

30,831,973 

24,509,747 

9,602,308 

10,355,366 

40,706,138 

2,409,882 


Silver 
Imports. 


Yen. 

1,855,997 

6,160,224 

5,450,942 

5,312,557 

6,938,028 

8,012,405 

7,611,739 

7,529,239 

13,423,322 

840,365 

13,605,382 

22,488,264 

10,689,757 

26,227,687 

4,844,252 

28,924,750 

17,153,220 

5,536,028 

82,805 


Year 


1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


Gold 
Exports. 


Yen. 

51,761,620 

11,477,852 

453,313 

16,698,230 

106,026,562 

14,708,413 

22,983,631 

18,695,558 

3,653,457 

6,447,008 

22,577,124 

21,801,564 

21,201,849 

20,704,175 

26,039,030 

40,675,209 

22,362,385 

150,639,064 


Gold 
Imports. 


Yen. 

8,967,198 
10,651,210 
30,183,670 
25,355,369 

5,456,333 
20,192,995 
37,021,827 

6,969,661 
16,900,049 
78,750,998 
17,494,098 

4,938.672 

10,380,596 

954,409 

7,103,847 

24,159,370 

99,902,323 

386,990,585 


Silver 
Exports. 


Yen. 
4,945.443 
2.571.247 
1,575,669 
2,302,969 
1,769,297 
1,646,344 
2,800,805 
63,727 
119,045 
137,319 
2,597,967 
2,596,722 
7,123,304 
6,389,171 
3,610,905 
3,890,815 
5,717,033 
3,097,276 


SUver 
Imports. 


Yen. 

2,550,637 

309,540 

1,977,688 

2,452,100 

28,490,323 

11.313,978 

10.189.37C 

1.286.842 

644.435 

836,504 

177,699 

l,229,69r 

1,163,76>; 

66,94£ 

2,003,234 

137^4^ 

1,127,57S 

5,234,382 


JAPANESE    EMIGRATION. 

investigations  made  by  the  Toklo  Fo;.- Tn  Office  show  that  at  the  end  of  June,  1917,  the  total  number 
of  Japanese  residents  abroad  was  450,773.  'i.eze  figures  indicate  an  increase  of  50,357  aa  compared  wltli 
those  of  the  corresponding  period  of  the  preceding  year.    The  foUowmg  table  shows  the  numbei-  of  resldent. 

abi'oad  at  the  end  of  June,  1917:  _^ . ^- 

Women 


Country. 


United  States 

Manchuria  and  Kwantung. .  .  . 

China  and  Tslngtao 

Australia  and  So.  Pacific  countries 


Men. 


151,606 
60,492 
25,937 
21,441 


Women . 


76,572 

61,766 

21,189 

8,067 


Countty. 


Brazil 

Other  States  of  South  America . 
Europe . 


Men. 


3,050 

24,235 

978 


2,68s 

2,62] 

13(J 


394 


China's  Foreign  Trade— -19 16-1 817. 


CHINA'S    FOREiC!^    TRADE-1  91  6-1  91  7. 

(By  the  Chinese  Maritime  Customs.) 


Countries. 

Imports,  1916. 

Imports,  1917. 

E.xports,  1910. 

Exp'ts,   1917- 

Austria-Hungary 

S19.670 

G.3.H1 

27.073.876 

1,514,706 

4,238.2.55 

2.331.050 

2.928.075 

20.292 

124,808,375 

296,763 

134,010,378 

4,222.734 

180,922 

1,877,012 

16,427,704 

3,513.160 

57.740,113 

43,438.092 

3,085.700 

Sl,056 

7,749 

27,124,489 

9.264.233 

4.326.877 

2.339.933 

.    2,424,008 

573 

Belyrium             

British  India 

5,458,496    •' 

1,274,888 

1,933.862 
22,.531,081 

1,105.924 

206 

98.969,963 

5.223.241 
99,001,538 

3.061.870 

916.098 

890,453 

54.2fi.-..410 

6.915.257 
28.9-23.031 
59.(04.448 

S.7C0.S49 

87,089,395 

Canada 

2,740,252 

Dutch  East  Indies 

1,748,053 
26,046,801 

France 

French  Indo-Cii'iia 

1,054,424 

Germany 

51 

Hongltong 

158,842,510 

428,703 

230.370,64) 

4,740,542 

34,297 

1,669,570 

118,159,805 

Italy 

3.983,940 

Japan,  including  Chosen 

116. .578,608 

5,038,258 

Netlierlands 

26.883 

Philippine  Islands 

1,593,531 

50.745,516 

Singapore,  Straits  Settlements,  etc 

United  Kingdom 

6,694,128 
52,904,498 
61.937.831 

1,921,395 

6,808,349 
26,611,554 

United  States 

96,681.954 

All  other  countries 

6,682,888 

Total 

3427,739.918 

8505,032,460 

S399.072.7o4 

5472,190,262 

Iron  ore  production  in  Huuau  Province,  1915,  was  7,295  tons;  crude  antimony.  7,894  tons. 

UNITED    STATES-CHINA    TRADE.    YEAR    ENDED    JUNE    30.    191S. 

(From  United  States  Customs  Keturus.     Values  expressed  in  dollars.) 

United  States  imports  from  China — Merchandiso.  Si  10.644.981;  gold.  S176;  silver.  50.0. 
United  States  e.xports  to  China— Merchandise.  S43.4S0.G23:  gold.  SO.O;  silver,  816,479,746. 
The  imports  from-  China  included  raw  sillc,  S2S, 663.263;  tea,  54,361,557. 

The  following  table  shows  the  import  and  export  trade  ot  China,  by  ports,  in  1917: 


Ports. 


Aigun 

Amoy 

Antung 

Canton ,  . 

ChangsUa 

Chefoo 

Chlnkiang  .  . .  . 

Chungliing 

Chinwangtao. . 
Dairen(Daluy) 

Foochow 

Haugchow . . . . 

Hanliow 

Harbin 

Hun  Chun 

Ichang 

Kiaochow 

(Tsingtau ) . . . 
Kiukiang 


imports. 


Dollars. 

49.124 

8.163.218 

29,0TO.501 

23,431,8*8 

1,334,104 

9,134,178 

4,929,;^01 

670,313 

1,414,233 

59,439,987 

4,653,920 

1.39,277 

37,490.384 

95,290 

456,308 

251,196 

18.181,267 
2,186,504 


E.v  ports. 


Dollars. 

752,295 

1,880.003 

9,438.167 

50,993,94." 

1.895 

3.842.62.J 

36.144 

260.706 

2,883.50i 

52,607,052 

2,228,919 


13,023,131 

1,6.55,424 

429,661 


17,237,185 
1,484 


POKT.'S. 


Kiungchow.  .  . 
Kongmoon . . . . 

Kowloou 

Lappa 

Luugchiugt.sun 
Lungchow .... 

Lungliow 

Manchouli. .. . 

.Mengtsz 

Nanking 

Nanning 

Newchwaug. . . 

Ningpo 

Pakhoi 

Samshui 

Sansing 

Santuao 

Shanghai 


Imports.  Exports 


Dollars. 

3,405.883 

3,864,700 

36,738,075 

J0,909,557 

327,401 

53,602 

9,121} 

2,926,624 

C.039.776 

1.694,398 

1,131,318 

5,190,314 

2,760,044 

1,644,373 

3,301,345 

12,862 

23,073 

214,287,709 


Dollars. 

2.396,083 

1,429,413 

15,720.842 

5,271,765 

479,335 

4,621 

10,317 

11,393,309 

13,122.981 

3.737,984 

?,205,414 

2,851,161 

1,738 

1,132,584 

751,696 

940,012 

275 

201,301,752 


Ports. 


I  Imports 


Shasi 

Soochov/ . . . 
Suifenho . . . 
Swatow  .  .  . . 

Szemao 

Tatungkow . 
Tengyueh . . 
Tientsin  . .  .  . 
Wanhsieu . . 
Wenchow . . 
Wuchow ... 

VVuhu 

Yocliow  .  .  .  . 


Total .  .  .  . 
Reexports .  . 

Net  totai. 


Dollars. 

290.G69 

24.583 

5,9.10,302 

13,870,331 

240,080 

492 

2,246,461 

54,.5S1,819 

11,690 

12.084 

9,397.271 

1.300.019 

6.934 


583.928.966 
28.419.816 


:.50.5a9,150 


Exports. 


Dollars. 
250 


18,342,202 

9,915,787 

30,228 

28,207 

810,388 

17,723,453 

1,673 


5,003,000 

284,442 

24,205 


472,190,262 


472,190,262 


The  following  table  shows  the  nationality,  niimber.  and  lonnage  of  foreign  ves,?eh  entered  and  cleared 
at  China's  ports  during  1917: 


Nation.ilities. 

No. 

Tonnage. 

NATIO.\.\LITlES. 

No. 

Tonnage. 

NATIONAblTltS. 

No. 

Tonnage. 

American 

3,609 

34.902 

83 

374 

328 

1,125,155 

33.576.217 

142,238 

712,439 

584,891 

German 

233 
478 
22,454 
370 
456 

17,054 

14,912 

24,.-)81,647 

474,349 

199,438 

Russian 

3,276 
10 

1,429,200 

British 

Italian 

.Swedish 

26  692 

Japanese 

Norwegian 

Portuguese 

Total 

Dutcft 

66,573 

62,884,232 

French 

AREA    AND    POPULATION. 


Territory. 

Square  Miles. 

Population . 

TERRITORY. 

Square  Miles. 

Population. 

♦China  proper 

1,532,000 
364.000 
580,000 
700.000 

309,674,000 

14,917.000 

2,491,000 

1,500,000 

1 

Mongolia  and   other   de- 

1,200,000 

Manchuria 

760,000 

Turkestan 

1,700,000 

Thibet 

Total 

4.376.000 

.331.042,000 

*  18  provinces. 

Railways — In  1915  there  were  about  6.500  miles  open,  inclusive  of  the  Jilanchuriau  lines,  while  2.500 
miles  more  are  projected  or  under  construction. 

Telegraphs — The  total  length  of  line  in  operation  at  the  end  of  1914  was  36,339  miles,  with  49.963 
miles  of  wire. 

The  latest  estimates  of  the  foreign  residents  in  the  open  ports  of  China  are:  Americana  in  China 
(1917).  5.600.  Other  foreign  residents  in  1916 — British.  9.099:  Russians.  55.235;  French,  2,374;  Japanese, 
"1,275;  "  ""'  ■  ■  "    


104,: 


Germans,  3,792;  Portuguese,  2,293;  other  nationalities,  2,965;  total,  185.633. 


The  Virgin  Islands. 


395 


THE    VIRGIN    ISLANDS. 

The  following  table  shows  the  commerce  between  the  United  States  and  the  Virgin  Islands  (Danish 
West  Indies): 


Year 
(Fis- 
cal.) 

Exports  to  Virg.  Isl. 

Impts.  from  Vlrg,  Isl.  i 

Year 
(Fis- 
cal.) 

Exports  to  Vlrg.  Isl. 

Impts.  from  Vlrg.  Is!. 

Total. 

Do- 
mestic 

For'n 

(Re- 

expts) 

Total. 

Free. 

Du- 
tiable. 

Total. 

Do- 
mestic 

For'n 

(Re- 

expts) 

Total. 

Free. 

Du- 
rable. 

1907. . . 
1908. .  . 
1909. .  . 
1910. .  . 
1911..  . 
1912. .  . 

$777,577 
727,193 
693,681 
749,174 
810,537 
924,700 

$764,328 
721,997 
678,600 

'746.286 
806,485 
920,293 

$13,249 
5.196 
15,081 
2,888 
4,052 
4,407 

$440,855 
592,292 
221,457 
403,926 
135,117 
489.639 

$17,807 
19,116 
9,070 
20,379 
64,042 
22,623 

$423,048 
573.176 
212.387 
383,547 
71,075 
467,016 

1913... 
1914... 
1915.. . 
1916..  . 
1917..  . 

$894,087 
890,966 
703,354 
850,377 

1,416,342 

$887,406 
889,461 
700,713 
843,754 

$6,681 
1,505 
2,641 
6,623 

$48,031 
29.374 

350,822 

63,496 

1,259,607 

$28,918 
22,251 
35,170 
54,978 

$19,113 
7,12:; 

315,65J 
8,513 

The  principal  exports  of  merchandise  from  the  United  States  to  the  Virgin  Islands  are  breadstuffs, 
cereals,  etc.;  bituminous  coal,  iron  and  steel  products,  boots  and  shoes,  meat  and  dairy  products,  oils,  lumber 
and  refined  sugar.  The  principal  imports  to  the  United  States  from  the  Virgin  Islands  are  sugar  and  rum, 
hides  and  skins  and  cabinet  woods. 

MINERALS,    FLORA   AND    FAUNA. 

While  it  is  reported  that  minerals  are  to  be  found  on  the  islands,  so  far  as  known  no  attempts  at  mining 
or  exploration  have  been  made.  These  resources  are  yet  to  be  determined  by  geological  examination 
Nearly  all  of  the  original  fore.sts  have  been  cut  down  and  the  timber  made  into  lumber  or  charcoal.  Charcoal 
is  even  now  the  universal  fuel,  and  the  burning  of  this  from  the  scanty  timber  growth  furnishes  employment 
to  approximately  100  persons  In  the  rural  districts  of  the  islands.  There  are  still  mahogany  trees  of  indig- 
enous growth,  principally  on  St.  John  Island,  and  some  attempts  at  reforestation  have  met  with  success, 
the  most  notable  efforts  being  those  of  the  Danish  West  India  Plantation  Company.  This  company  own.-i 
a  number  of  estates,  and  a  few  years  ago  planted  over  50,000  mahogany  and  cedar  trees,  principally  on 
the  Island  of  St.  Croix.  ,  ,       .      ,     ^,j,  ,      ^t     , 

The  fauna  of  the  islands  is  very  limited,  although  on  St.  Croix  a  species  of  deer  is  plentiful.  Noxioufi 
reptiles  are  scarce.  Several  years  ago,  for  the  purpose  of  exterminating  rodents,  the  mongoose  was  Imported 
from  India,  and  this  little  animal,  by  destroying  the  eggs  of  birds  and  fowls  and  by  the  wholesale  destructioi; 
of  poultry,  has  caused  a  scarcity  ol  domestic  fowls  and  an  absence  of  bird  life  in  the  islands.  Fish  in  greai 
number  and  variety  abound  along  the  coa.sts,  and  the  annual  catch  furnishes  a  very  important  part  of  tho 
food  supply. 

CLIMATE   AND   RAINFALL. 

Although  the  northernmost  of  the  Islands,  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John,  are  below  latitude  18°  3()'  ani! 
thus  well  within  the  tropics,  the  entire  group  has  the  advantage  of  possessing  a  fine  climate.  This  is  diu' 
in  part  to  the  northeast  trade  winds,  which  blow  briskly  with  great  regularity  from  the  north-northeasi 
for  nine  months  during  the  year.  These  winds  vary  in  velocity  from  a  light  to  a  moderate  breeze  anci 
attain  their  greatest  strength  usually  around  4  o'cloclc  in  both  the  afternoon  and  morning.  Owing  to  th  ■ 
relatively  small  size  of  the  Islands  and  the  lack  of  hot  land  breezes,  due  to  the  ever-present  northeast  trad r 
winds,  the  temperature  Is  equable.  The  climate  is  delightful  for  a  v/iuter  resort,  and  the  trade  winds  also 
furnish  an  equable  mean  for  the  summer  months.  The  mean  temperature  at  Charlotte  Amalie  on  St. 
Thomas,  covering  a  period  of  three  years,  ranged  from  78°  F.  in  March  to  84°  F.  in  October  while  the 
mean  temperature  at  Christiansted,  St.  Croix,  covering  a  period  of  28  years,  ranged  from  76.3°  F.  in  Februar;.- 

The  Virgin  Islands  were  discovered  by  Columbus,  1493,  on  his  second  voyage.  St.  Thomas  was  flr&i 
colonized,  1666,  by  the  Danes,  who  planted  a  permanent  settlement  in  1672,  and  who  held  on  until  th. 
United  States  bought  the  Islands  for  825,000,000  and  took  possession  March  31,  1917  (except  that  the 
Enghsh  kept  them,  by  force,  April,  1801,  to  February,  1802,  and  from  1807  to  1815).  St.  Croix  was  ocoupiet- 
by  Dutch  and  English  settlers  in  1625,  Denmark  not  getting  it  till  1733.  The  United  States  first  tried  t< 
buy  the  islands  January,  1865,  under  President  Lincoln.  As  early  as  1688  there  were  slave  dplonies  oti 
St.  Thomas. 


as  against 

Thomas  14,022  and  St.  John  2,475.      The  1917  population  of  the  cities  was:     (St.  Croi.\).  . 

4  574-  Frederiksted,  3,144.  (St.  Thomas),  Charlotte  Amalie,  7,747.  Of  the  total  population  of  the  Vlrgui 
Islands  in  1917,  1,922,  or  7.4  per  cent.,  were  whites;  19,523,  or  74.9  per  cent.,  were  negroes;  4,563,  or  i7.:. 
per  cent  were  of  mixed  white  and  negro  blood;  and  43,  or  two-tenths  of  1  per  cent.,  were  of  other  races. 
Of  thl43  persons  of ''other  races,"  15  were  returned  as  Chinese,  7  as  FiUpinos,  8  as  Ind  ans,  8  as  ••coolies,' 
2  as  HindSf  1  as  Burmese,  and  the  color  of  2  was  not  specified.  At  no  census  of.  the  Virgin  Isands  prlor 
to  that  of  1917  was  inquiry  made  as  to  the  color  or  race.  The  proportion  of  whites  is  largest  on  St.  Thomas 
due  to  marine  camps  and  fishermen.  Of  the  1017  population  of  the  islands  11,999  were  males  and  14,05  . 
were  femaes  Common  law  marriages  prevail.  There  were  7,186  males  ove-  21  years  About  half  th  ■ 
populatton  oi  school  age  (5  t6  20  years)  attend  school.  In  the  Virgin  Islands  u  1917  there  were  14  59. > 
oefsons  10  yearaof  a^^^  over  engaged  in  gainful  occupations.     The  gainful  workers  thus  forined5t> 

per  cent    of  the  total  population  and  68.8  per  cent,  of  the  population  10  years  of  age  and  over.     In  th'. 
male  nobulation  the  gainful  workers  numbered  7,936,  which  was  66.1  per  cent,  of  all  males  and  82.3  pe 
^nt  of  the  males  10  fears  of  age  and  over.     In  the  female  population  the  gainful  workers  numbered  6,654, 
wMchw^  47^4  per  cent   of  all  females  and  57.6  per  cent,  of  the  females  10  years  of  age  and  oyer 

Th^^alue  of  farm  property  for  the  islands  amounted  to  S3  706,911    including  the  value  of  land  anc 
hiiildines    SS017  341-  linplements  and  machinery,  8106,649,  and  the  value  of  live  stock,  8582,921.     Th 

iSnSir?prtMthens^!irorst«^^^ 

?nd  29  i  np?  cent   of    all  the  farms  were  run  by  owners,  13  per  cent,  by  managers  and  57.5  per  cent.  b^>- 

?e°nan?s.' 'Thefe'^wefe  2^Vflrm/u^^^^^ 

12,322  cattle,  2,129  horses,  1,600  mules    974  asses,  2,329  ^Ine,  1.096  sheep,  2  259  g^^^ 

and  195  bee  colonies.    The  1917  crop  values  were:     Sugar  cane,  §442.120,  guinea  grass,  Sbd.Jsao.  vegewoiea. 

56,537;  cotton,  83,850.     The  fisherias  netted  $44,436, 


396 


Canadian  Paper  Industry. 


UNETED    STATES    CENSUS    OF    DYES    ANO    GOAL-TAR    GKEMSCALS,   1917. 

(By  the  United  States  Tariff  Commission.) 

During  1917,  190  firms  (exclusive  of  coke-oven  plants  and  gas  Iiouses)  reported  the  manufacture  of 
coal-tar  chemicals.  These  firms  employed  1,733  chemists  and  other  technically  trained  men  and  17,910 
others  not  technically  trained,  v.ho  wore  engaged  in  manufacturing  operations  on  coal-tar  chemicals.  Over 
S2,o(K),000  was  spent  during  1917  on  research  work  alone.  The  coal-tar  products  are.  from  a  technical 
or  manufacturing  point  of  vjov/,  divided  into  three  groups:  I.  Crudes,  II.  Intermediates.  III.  Finished 
products.  This  division  is  recognized  by  the  tariff  law,  which  places  crudes  on  the  free  li,st,  makes  inter- 
mediates dutiable  at  15  per  cent,  plus  2'A  cents  per  pound,  and  imposes  on  all  finished  products  a  duty 
of  30  per  cent.,  and  upon  certain  classes  an  additional  duty  of  5  cents  per  pound.  The  total  imports  of 
coal-tar  products  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1917,  were  valued  at  812,125,341.  The  total  pro- 
duction in  the  United  .Slates  during  the  calendar  year  1917  was  as  follows:  Crudes,  843,184,029;  inter- 
mediates, 8108,966,750;  finished  products,  exclusive  of  explosives  and  synthetic  phenolic  re;?ins,  368,790,867. 

The  crudes  are  substances  naturally  present  in  coal  tar  and  obtained  therefrom  bj'  siniole  processes, 
cliiefly  distillation  and  washing  with  acid  and  alkali.  The  most  important  of  these  substances  arc  benzol, 
toluol,  naphthalene,  and  anthracene.  In  1914  the  output  of  crude  light  oil  was  8.464,274  gallons,  sufficient 
for  the  production  of  about  4,500,000  gallons  of  benzol  and  1,500,000  gallons  of  toluol.  In  1917,  the  output 
of  benzol  was  40,192,930  gallons  and  of  toluol  10,219,830  gaUous.  A  further  substantia!  increase  daring 
1918  may  confidently  be  expected,  as  there  has  been  a  further  increase  in  productive  capacity.  The  rapid 
growth  has  been  due  to  the  fact  "that  these  materials  are  used  in  the  manufacture  of  explosives.  The  pro- 
duction ol  naphthalene,  an  important  basic  raw  material  for  making  dyes,  exceeded  52.900,000  pounds 
during  1917.  The  development  of  the  production  of  anthracene  has  been  relatively  b.ickward.  Only 
small  amounts  appeared  in  the  American  markets  in  1917,  but  increased  production  cluriiie  1918  may  be 
expected. 

The  intermediates  are  substances  net  contained  in  coal  tar  (or  at  least  only  in  tracer),  but  made  from 
the  crudes  by  chemical  processes.  Thej'  are  converted  into  finislied  products  by  further  chemical  proces.~.es. 
One  hundred  and  eighteen  companies  reported  to  the  Tariff  Commission  that  they  had  made  these  inter- 
mediates during  1917.  Their  returns  show  134  diflerent  intermediates  having  a  total  weight  of  322,745,858 
pounds,  valued  at  5106,986,750.     The  mo.st  significant  features  of  this  development  are: 

(1)  The  great  increase  in  the  number  of  compauies  and  the  variety  of  their  products.  The  effect  is 
to  put  the  manufacture  of  dyes  and  other  finished  products  on  a  firm  foundation  by  supplying  essentisl, 
materials  from  American  sources.  (2)  The  creation  of  a  large  synthetic-phenol  industry,  an  output  ol 
64,140,499  pounds  of  phenol,  valued  at  823,715,805,  by  15  different  producers.  Although  the  stimulus 
for  this  development  has  been  prlmarii\'  a  military  one,  a  use  for  a  part  of  this  productive  capacity  for 
peaceful  purposes  will  be  found.  (3)  The  production  of  anilin  oil  to  the  amount  of  28.800,524  pounds, 
valued  at  36,758,535,  by  23  different  producers.  (4)  The  production  of  24,624,099  pounds  of  monochlor- 
banzol,  valued  at  54,923,848,  by  8  different  producers.  This  product  is  used  for  making  the  explosive, 
picric  acid,  and  the  dye,  sulphur  black,  which  ranks  second  only  to  indigo  in  importance.  A  new  and  large 
outlet  for  chlorine  is  supplied  by  this  industry.  (5)  The  appearance  of  betanaphthol  end  H  acid  and  other' 
naphthalene  derivatives  in  considerable  amounts  and  i-aricty.  (6)  The  conspicuous  absence  of  anthraqui- 
none  and  other  anthracene  derivatives. 

The  production  ot  finished  coal-tar  chemicals  during  1917,  exclusive  of  explosives  and  synthetic  phenolic 
resins,  was  54,550.107  pounds,  valued  at  568.790,856,  subdivided  as  follows:  45,977.246  pounds  of  dyes, 
valued  at  557,796,228:  5,092,558  pounds  of  color  lakes,  valued  at  52,764,064;  2,418,274  pounds  of  medicinal 
chemicals,  valued  at  55.639,867;  779,416  lbs.  of  flavors,  valued  at  51,802,456;  263,068  lbs.  of  phctographic 
chemicals,  valued  at  5602,281;  and  19,545  pounds  of  perfume  materials,  valued  at  5125,981.  There  were 
81  estabUshments  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  coal-tar  dyes  in  1917,  and  their  production  during  that 
year  was  practically  the  same  in  quantity  as  the  annual  importation  before  the  war".  The  Imports  for  the 
fiscal  year  1914  amounted  to  45,840,866  pounds,  and  the  production  in  the  United  States  in  1917  was  45,977,- 
246  pounds.  An  analysis  of  this  total,  however,  reveals  that  the  domestic  production,  though  e<iual  in 
quantity  to  the  preceding  imports,  differs  in  the  relative  amounts  of  the  various  classes  of  dyes.  Only  a 
.small  production  was  reported  for  indigo  and  the  alizarin  and  vat  dyes  derived  from  anthracene  and  carbazoi 
— classes  of  dves  v/hich  Include  some  of  the  best  and  fastest  colors  known  to  the  textile  trade. 

The  United  States  produced  only  2,166,887  pounds  of  these  dyes  in  1917;  the  elimination  of  1,876,787 
pounds  of  indigo  extract,  made  from  imported  indigo,  leav&s  only  290.100  pounds  as  the  real  output  of 
these  dyes.  This  is  less  than  3  per  cent,  of  the  pre-war  imports.  Dyes  of  this  class  are  dutiable  at  30  per 
cent,  in  the  taritl  act.  In  the  classes  of  dyes  whicli,  if  imported,  would  be  dutiable  at  30  per  cent,  plus  5 
cents  a  pound,  the  American  manufacturers  have  made  remarkable  progress,  the  production  being  43,810, 3.")9 
pounds,  at  a  total  value  of  557,639.991.  That  this  represents  sometiting  of  an  excess  over  the  American 
needs  is  evinced  by  the  fact  that  diu'lng  the  fiscal  year  1917  American-made  dyes  to  the  value  of  511,709,287 
were  exported  to  other  countries. 

Coal  tar  is  obtained  as  a  by-product  in  the  manufacture  of  coke  in  by-product  ovc;is  and  in  the  manu- 
facture of  coal  gas  for  city  distribution.  In  both  of  these  processes  the  essentia!  cl;emical  operation  is  to 
decompose  certain  special  grades  of  bituminous  coal  by  heating  to  a  high  temperature  out  of  contact  with 
air.  The  products  obtained  arc  coke,  tar,  ammonia,  and  gas,  which  are  recovered  by  all  plants.  .Some 
plants  have  equip:nent  for  recovering  other  products,  including  benzol,  toluol,  light  oils,  cyanides,  sulpliur, 
and  gas  carbon.  Beehive  coke  ovens  recover  the  coke  only.  The  by-products  obtained  in  1917  from  the 
manufacture  of  coke  were  valued  at.-S206,789,163,  and  Included  516,576,865  of  benzol.  811,973.468  of  am- 
monia sulphate,  and  510,140,013  of  toluol.  In  1917  the  illuminating  gas  by-products  were  valued  at 
52,088,915,  and  included  1,035,813  gallons  of  refined  toluol  and  305.928  gallons  of  refined  benzol. 


CA^SADSAN    PAPER    INDUSTRY. 

According  to  the  Canadian.  Bureau  of  Statistics  the  output  ol  the  paper  industry  amounted  to  S96,- 
248,824  for  1917.  There  are  80  concerns,  of  which  31  were  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  pulp  only, 
26  In  the  manufacture  of  paper  only,  and  23  manufacturing  both  paper  and  pulp.  By  Provinces  the  dis- 
tribution of  plants  is  as  follows:  British  Columbia,  5;  Manitoba.  1;  Ontario,  33;  Quebec,  31 ;  New  Brunswick, 
5:  Nova  Scotia,  5.  The  total  capital  Invested  In  the  industry  amounted  to  8186,374,905.  The  number 
of  employees  was  20,685  males  and  20,344  females.  The  salary  and  wages  bill  was  520,344,286.  The 
report  covered  altogether  36  products,  of  which  the  more  important,  with  the  output,  are  as  follows:  Pulp 
— Mechanical  or  ground  pulp,  921.081  tons;  sulphate  pulp,  161,393  tons;  sulphite  pulp,  374,894  tons;  soda, 
4,136  tons;  others,  63,467  tons.     The  production  of  paper  fohows: 


Paper. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Paper. 

Tons. 

Value. 

Newsprint 

689,847 
45,234 
50,360 

538,868,084 
9,310,138 
5,646,750 

Boards 

54,080 
900 

S3,.'i43,164 

Book  and  writing 

Other  paper  products 

1,382,205 

Wrapping 

All  other  miscell'ous  products. . 

3,543.024 

List  of  Industrial  Poisons.  397 


LIST     OF     INDUSTRIAL     POISONS. 

(Translated  by  Wm.  H.  Rand.  M.  D.,  and  including  other  substances  injurloua  to  health  found  in 

industrial  processes.) 

This  list  was  prepared  before  the  war  at  the  request  of  the  committee  of  the  International  Association 
for  Labor  Legislation  by  Prof.  Th.  Sommerfeld,  and  Industrial  Councillor  Dr.R.  Fisher  of  Berlin,  and 
edited  and  revised  by  the  Permanent  Advisory  Council  of  Hygiene  of  the  International  Association. 

LIST   OP   INDUSTRIAL   POISONS. 

Acetaldehyde,  Ethyl  Aldehyde — A  colorless,  very  volatile  fluid,  of  pungent  odor.  Used  In  the 
manufacture  of  vinegar;  silver  mirror  manufacture.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  respira- 
tory organs  and  mucous  membranes.  Symptoms:  irritation  of  the  mucous  membranes  of  the  nose,  larynx, 
and  bronchi;  irritation  of  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  eyes;  acceleration  of  the  heart's  action;  profuse 
night  sweats. 

Acridine — Crystallizing  in  colorless  needles;  contained  in  anthracene.  Used  In  organic  dyes  In- 
dustry. Exerts  effect  in  any  state  of  aggregation  on  sliin  and  mucous  membranes.  Symptoms:  Irritation 
and  inflammation  of  sliin  and  mucous  membranes;  severe  burning  and  itching  of  the  ak\a;  violent  sneezing. 

Acrolein — A  colorless,  very  pungent  smelling  fluid,  of  fiery  taste.  Used  in  the  trying  out  of  fat  and 
fat-containing  material,  e.  g.,  in  bone  rendering  plants;  oilcloth  and  linoleum  factories;  varnish-boiling 
shops;  tallow-rendering  establishments;  soap  factories  (sulphuric  acid  process),  and  stearlc-acid  factories. 
Enters  body  in  vaporous  form,  through  the  organs  of  respiration  and  the  mucous  membranes.  Symptoms: 
Itching  in  the  throat;  irritation  of  the  eyes,  exciting  lachrymatlon,  conjunctivitis;  irritation  of  the  air 
passages,  bronchial  catarrh. 

Ammonia — A  colorless  gas  of  Sharply  penetrating  odor.  Used  in  coke  ovens;  mirror-silvering  Indus- 
try; coating  Iron  plate  with  tin  or  zinc;  manufacture  of  solidified  ammonia,  sulphate  and  chloride  of  am- 
monium (sal  ammoniac)  from  ammonia  water;  manufacture  of  the  carbonate  of  soda  and  of  orselle  dye- 
stuffs;  dyeing  Industry;  sewer  cleaning;  manufacture  of  bone  black;  gas  plants;  varnish  and  lacquer  man- 
ufacture; tanning;  beet-sugar  manufacture;  manufacture  of  ice;  refrigeration  plants.  Enters  body  In 
gaseous  form,  through  the  organs  of  respiration.  Seldom  pure,  mostly  in  combination  with  other  gases. 
Has  immediate  effect  on  the  conjunctiva  and  the  cornea.  Symptoms:  A  proportion  of  more  than  0.15 
per  cent,  of  ammonia  in  the  air  immediately  causes  an  irritable  condition  of  the  mucous  membranes. 
Chronic  bronchial  catarrlis  are  especially  liable  to  follow  long-continued  Inhalation  of  small  quantities 
of  the  gas  diffused  in  the  air.  From  these  ai'e  to  be  discriminated  the  acute  conditions  of  transient  ill- 
ness: Intense  irritation  of  the  respiratory  organs;  violent  sneezing;  lachrymatlon,  redness  of  the  eyes,  in- 
flammation ol  the  cornea  and  of  the  conjunctiva;  increased  secretion  of  saliva;  burning  in  the  pharynx, 
and  a  sense  of  constriction  In  the  larynx;  paroxysmal  cough,  with  secretion  of  tenacious,  viscid,  even 
bloody  mucous;  embarrassment  of  respiration,  attacks  of  suffocation;  vomiting  of  serous  masses;  ammon- 
iacal  odor  of  the  perspiration;  retention  of  urine,  which  may  last  many  hours  and  even  two  or  three  days: 
acute  inflammation  of  the  respiratory  organs,  and  scattered  areas  of  Inflammation  in  the  lungs,  in  severe 
cases  a  fatal  outcome.      Protracted  breathing  of  small  quantities  is  apt  to  cause  chronic  bronchial  catarrh. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Immediate  removal  from  the  poisonous  atmosphere;  artificial  respiration: 
Inhalation  of  steam;  faradic  stimulation  of  the  phrenic  nerve;  free' bloodletting;  in  case  of  obstinate  spasm 
of  the  glottis,  tracheotomy.  .„,.,.  .        .  ^        .  „    ^  , 

Amyl  Acetate — Zapone,  a  solution  of  celluloid  in  amyl  acetate  and  acetone.  Used  as  a  lacquering 
agent  in  metallic  ware  and  Jewelry  factories;  manufacture  of  metallic  wire  for  incandescent  electric  lamps: 
oilcloth  manufacture.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms: 
Nervous  symptoms;  headache;  fulness  of  the  head:  giddiness;  nausea;  numbness;  disturbances  of  diges- 
tion; palpitations  of  the  heart.        ,         . ,      ..  ,  ^  ^    ^,        ■,  v,      j  -rr     - 

Amyl  Alcohol — A  colorless,  oily  fluid,  of  very  sharp  taste  and  penetrating,  aisagreeable  odor.  Usee 
in  manufacture  of  fruit  essences,  nitrite  of  amyl,  valeric  acid,  and  aniline  dyes;  rectiflcation  of  spirits.  Enters 
body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  organs  of  respiration.  Symptoms:  Congestion  of  the  head;  head- 
ache; oppression  of  the  chest;  liritation  of  the  air  passages. 

Aniline — A  colorless  oil  which  acquires  a  tint  on  exposure  to  air  and  light.  Like  aniline,  all  othev 
amide  compounds  of  benzol  and  its  homologues,  as  toluol,  naphthaline,  xylol,  etc.,  are  poisons.  Especially 
should  be  mentioned  alpha  and  beta  naphthylamlne';  benzidine,  tolidlne,  paranltraniline,  the  diamines 
(phenvlene  and  tolylene  diamine)  as  well  as  the  alphyl  and  aryl  compounds  of  aniline,  like  their  homologues 
(dimethyl  and  diethyl  aniline,  dlphenylamlne,  etc.).  Used  In  manufacture  of  aniline  and  its  derivatives, 
as  well  as  of  aniline  dyes;  manufacture  of  photographic  materials  and  the  like.  Enters  body  in  absorp- 
tion through  the  skin,  by  direct  contact  or  by  saturation  of  the  clothing;  through  the  digestive  organs, 
absorption  through  the  respiratory  organs  as  volatile  particles  and  impalpable  dust.  Symptoms:  The 
toxicity  of  the  separate  products  is  veiy  different  in  degree;  the  para  compounds  are  usually  more  poison- 
ous than  the  ortho  and  meta  compounds.  Acute  Poisoning — (a)  Mild  cases:  Pallor  of  the  skin  and  mu- 
cous membranes,  with  slight  cyanosis;  a  feeling  of  weariness  and  weakness;  head  symptoms — vertigo, 
reeling  unsteady  gait;  deficient  elasticity  of  movement;  slow,  labored  speech;  iiTitabillty  (aniline  "pip  ); 
condition  of  slight  inebriation,  with  loquacity,  gaiety,  and  defective  power  of  orientation;  loss  of  appetite, 
constipation,  and  tense,  rapid  pulse.  (6)  Severe  cases:  Dark  blue  to  swarthy  cyanosis;  formation  of  me- 
thaemoBlobln-  bounding  pulse;  "ah--hunger,"  with  great  frequency  of  respiration,  lowering  ol  sensibility: 
obliteration  of  the  reflexes;  sometimes  vomiting,  strangury  and  bloody  urine,  (c)  In  the  rnost  serious  cases: 
Sudden  prostration;  cold-  pale  skin,  blue  lips,  nose  and  ears;  diminution  and  even  extinction  of  sensibility; 
moist  cold  skin-  small  pulse;  death  in  a  comatose  condition,  sometimes  after  antecedent  convulsions. 
Subacute  and  Chronic  Poisoning— Anaemia;  slowing  of  the  pulse;  disorders  of  digestion,  such  as  eructa- 
tions loathing  of  food,  vomiting,  diarrhoea,  and  eczematous  and  pustular  eruptions  on  various  parts  of  the 
bodv'  especially  on  the  scrotum;  nervous  symptoms,  as  general  debility,  headache,  ringing  in  the  eare, 
vertigo  unrestful  sleep,  disturbances  of  sensibility  often  also  of  motility;  spasmodic  muscular  pain.  Sub- 
acute and  chronic  poisonings  are  very  rare.  Anaemia  and  retarded  pulse  are  early  symptoms  The  blood 
is  Ol  a  brownish  hue,  but  microscopically  unchanged;  occasionally  the  urine  contains  blood. 

Meas-ures  of  relief— At  the  first  symptoms  of  poisoning,  immediate  removal  frdin  the  workioom  to  a 
cool  snady  spot;  change  of  clothing;  cool  affusions;  administration  of  oxygen  in  connection  with  artificial 
respiration;  in  ^vere  cases,  bloodletting  with  subsequent  infusion  of  physiological  salt  solution;  copious 
Sgestion  of  milk;  in  case  6t  weak  action  of  the  Heart,  stimulants  (black  coffee,  camphor,  ether,  but  no 
olSohol);  cau™on  against  the  use  of  alcohol  during  and  immediately  after  labor;  abstinence  Is  adv'saDle 

Aniline  Dyestuffs— The  majority  of  the  very  numerous  aniline  dyes  are  non-poisonous.  General^ 
the  basic  dyes  are  more  dangerous  than  the  acid  dyes.     Regarded  as  suspicious  or  injurious  to  health  are. 

(a)  The  various  phenol  filtrates,  dlnitrophenol,  dinltrocresol  (saffron  yellow,  aniline  orange),  Plcric  aci 
(trinitrophenol).  Used  in  auiUne  dye  factories;  dyehouses;  also  manufacture  of  explosives  Entera  bod> 
t&ouEh  action  on  the  skhi;  In  the  form  of  dust,  through  the  respiratory  organs;  the  digestive  organs. 
Ktoms:  Itching"  dermatitis,  efflorescent  eruption,  yellow  discoloration  of  tlie  cuticle  and  conjunctiva 
sneezing  and  nasal  catarrh:  inflammaUon  of  the  buccal  mucous  membrane;  bitter  taste;  disturbances  o 
digS^tion;  irritation  of  the  central  nervous  system  and  of  the  kidneys.  Picric  acid  is  a  feeble  former  of 
methaemoglobin;  hidustrial  poisonings  by  it  are  extremely  rare.  „„„t„»,M  P^lpium 

(6)  The  many  napnthol  nitrates,  dlnltronaphthol,  Mancnester  yellow,  dlnltro  and  naphthol  calcium . 
tetranitronaphthol.    Used  In  aniline  dye  manufactories;  dyehouses.    Entera  body  through  action  on  the, 


398  List  of  Industrial  Poisons — Continued. 

akin;  In  the  lorm  of  dust,  through  the  respiratory  organs;  the  digestive  organs.  Sj'mptoms:  Blood  pol- 
Bona,  forming  methaemoglobln.  The  morbid  symptoms  resemble  those  in  poisoning  by  amido  compounda; 
ailments  of  the  central  nervous  system  in  great  variety;  paralyses. 

<c)  The  nltroso  dyes.  Used  in  aniline  dye  manufactories;  dyehouses.  Enters  bodj-  in  the  form  of 
dust  on  the  sliin.  Symptoms:  Intense  irritation  of  the  sliin,  caused,  it  is  asserted,  partly  by  using  excessive 
quantities  of  chloride  of  lime  in  cleansing  the  skin. 

'  (d)  The  aurantia — hexanitrodiphenylamine;  imperial  yellow,  its  sodiimi  salt.  Used  in  aniline  dye 
manufactories;  dyehouses.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  dast  on  the  skin.  Symptoms:  Intense  irritation 
of  the  skin,  caused,  it  is  asserted,  partly  by  using  excessive  quantities  of  chloride  ol  lime  in  cleansing  the 

(e)  Etyhl  and  methyl  violet.  Used  in  dye  manufactories;  dyehouses;  manufacture  of  colored  pencils. 
Enters  body  as  dust  or  fine  particles  in  the  eyes.  Symptoms:  Inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva  or  the 
cornea. 

(/)  The  Mcldola  dyes,  corvulin?  indulin,  fast  black.  Used  in  aniline  dye  manufactories;  dyehouses. 
Enters  body  as  dust  or  atomized  solution  (in  dyeing  by  the  spraying  procrss) ;  action  on  ihe  skin  and  res- 
piratory organs.  Symptoms:  Eruptions;  severe  irritation  of  the  mucona  membranes;  uncontrollable 
sternutation. 

(ff)  Chrysoidln,  fast  black.  Used  in  aniline  dye  manufactories;  dyehouses.  Enters  body  in  form 
of  (i\ist;  effect  on  the  skin.  Symptoms:  Eruptions  (probably  superinduced  by  the  use  of  excessive  quan- 
tities of  the  chloride  of  lime  in  washing  the  hands). 

(ft)  Bismarck  blue.     Used  in  aniline  dye  manufactories;  dyehouses. 

Antimony  Compountls — Trloxide  of  antimony;  antimony  trichloride  (antlmonious  chloride,  butter 
of  antimony,  antimonlal  ore  butter);  tartar  emetic  (tartrate  of  antimony  and  potassium);  golden  sulphide 
(antimony  pentasulphide),  antimony  colors.  Used  in  e.xtraclion  of  antimony  and  its  compounds;  bur- 
nisiiing  of  rifle  barrels  and  steel  ware;  manufacture  o(  antimony  alloys,  type  and  storeoiype  mstai,  hard  lead 
(ammunition  factories),  britannw,  and  white  metal;  remelting  of  old  and  scrap  metal;  manufacture  of 
aniline  dyes,  fireworks;  vulcanizing  and  red-dyeing  of  India  rubber  (antimony  pentasulphide);  mordants 
and  fixing  materials  in  cotton  dyeing  and  textile  printing.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor  (trioxide  of 
antimony,  antimonious  acid,  sulphide  of  antimony),  through  the  organs  of  respiration;  iiTltation  of  the 
skin;  in  the  form  of  dust,  iu  the  manipulation  of  brltannia  and  type  metal.  Symi)toms;  Intensely  Itch- 
ing eruptions  of  the  skin,  caused  by  local  irritation  and  aggravated  in  the  case  of  a  pcrEpirlng-  skin;  inflam- 
mation of  the  mouth,  throat,  and  stomach;  constipation  and  intestinal  colic;  in  acute  casea,  diarrhoea,  al- 
bumin in  the  urine,  less  of  strength,  weakness  of  the  heart,  vertigo,  and  falntness.  It  appears  to  be  some- 
what doul)tful,  however,  whether  all  of  the  enumerated  compounds  of  antimony  are  detrimental  to  the 
health  of  the  workers  in  them. 

'Arsenic  Compounds — Arsenic  trioxide  (arsenic  white  aroenlc,  smelting  dust);  arsenous  chloride; 
arsenic  colors,  e.  o.,  Scheele's  green  (Swedish  green),  arsenlte  of  copper;  Schweiuturt  green  (patent,  oclgiuat, 
new,  moss,  mountain,  parrot.  May,  Kaiser,  Cassel,  Paris,  Vienna,  Kirchberg,  Lsipsic,  Wuerzburg,  Swiss 
green),  compound  of  the  arsenlte  and  the  sulphide  of  copper;  Brunswick  green,  oxycliloride  of  copper  with 
cop5ier  oxide  and  sulphate  of  lime;  Neviwled  green  (similar,  only  a  larger  proportion  of  arsenic  trioxide); 
cochineal  (Vienna  red),  arsenic  acid  with  extract  of  Pernambuco  v/ood.  Used  in  arsenic  mining;  roasting 
of  arsenic-bearing  ores;  manufacture  of  glass,  colored  chalk,  chloride  of  arsenic  for  etching  on  brass;  shot 
manufacture;  metal  worliing;  manufacture  of  arsenic  colors;  preparation  of  organic  dycstufts,  colored  lights, 
textile  printing  and  dyeing;  manufacture  of  wall  paper  and  colored  paper;  tanning;  maniifacture  of  oil- 
cloth and  artificial  flowers;  taxidermy,  painting  (outside  and  decorative);  pyrotechnics  (Indian  white-Are). 
It  is  to  be  observed  that  zinc,  silver,  lead,  bismuth,  copper,  and  the  commercial  adds  often  contain  more 
or  less  arsenic.  Enters  body  in  the  forms  of  gas  and  dust,  through  the  respiratory  organs  and  mucous  mem- 
branes, the  stomach,  and  intestinal  canal.  Symptoms — The  first  usually  appear  half  an  hour  or 
an,  hour,  viz.,  constriction  of  the  esophagus,  pains  In  the  stomach  and  bowels,  vomiting,  diarrhoea, 
debility,  cold,  bluish  skin,  sural  cramp,  lowering  of  heart's  energy,  vertigo,  headache,  faintnesa,  illusions, 
loss  of  consciousness,  convulsions;  death,  sometimes  choleraic  symptoms.  In  mild  cases,  burning  in  the 
pharynx,  vomiting,  salivation,  difficult  deglutition  and  indigestion.  Chronic  Poisoning — Constant  and 
persistent  headache  combined  with  melancholia,  disinclination  to  labor,  and  sleeplessness,  which  are  some- 
times the  only  symptoms;  further,  gastric  disturbances,  such  as  vomiting  and  dlarrlioea,  which  result  Id 
emaciation  and  decline  of  strengtli;  persistent  symptoms  of  catarrh  of  the  mucous  membranes,  such  as  coryza, 
pharyngitis  and  bronchitis;  frequently  skin  diseases  in  varying  lorm;  erythematous,  p.npuiar.  and  pustular 
cutaneous  eruptions,  which  also  produce  abscesses  with  Infiltrated  and  Indurated  borders;  fa'llsg  out  of  the 
halr'and  nails;  melanosis — that  Is,  the  deposition  of  a  brownish  pigment,  not  containing  acccnic,  on  the  neck, 
trunk,  and  extremities.  In  severe  cases,  disturbances  of  the  central  nervous  .system;  intense,  lightnlaglike, 
lancinating  pains;  formication;  furriness  of  tlie  skin;  impairment  of  the  sensibility;  chiliiness;  weakness  of 
the  muscles,  also  unilateral  or  bilateral  paralysis,  and  often  loss  of  the  tendon  reflexes;  sometimes  fever; 
albuminuria.  The  paralyses  are  transient,  or  they  may  last  for  years,  leaving  cot-lnficouently  permanent 
disturbances. 

Special  measures  of  Tehef — If  arsenic  has  been  ingested,  thorough  gastric  lavage  Is  neces3.xry;  then  ad- 
minister at  once  by  the  mouth  five  tablespoonfuls  of  a  solution  of  calcined  magnesia  (.70  g.  to  SOO  g.  of  die- 
tilled  water);  afterward  give  a  tablespoonful  every  five  minutes  until  a  movement  of  the  bowels  occurs;  the 
internal  use  of  lime  water  also  is  recommended  for  rinsing  out  the  stomach  and  as  :m  antidote;  to  counter- 
act the  exhaustion,  cold  affusions,  rubbing,  hyperdermic  injections  of  ether  and  camptior. 

ire  case  of  chTonic  arsenical  poisoning — Electric  vapor  baths  and  electrical  treattieiit  arc  in  order;  the 
disturbances  of  the  stomach  are  to  be  treated  with  calcined  magnesia  and  unirritating  liquid  nourishment 
(milk,  milk  porridge,  rice  porridge,  salep);  the  cachexia,  by  fresh  air  and  nutritious  diet;  In  paralyses,  use 
iodine  preparations  and  electricity. 

Arseniureted  Hydrogen — A  colorless,  extremely  offensive  gas  with  the  odor  of  garlic.  This  gas  is 
formed  everywhere  when.  In  the  use  of  arsenical  acids  and  metals,  hydrogen  is  generated  for  technical  pur- 
poses (e.  g.,  the  fllitng  of  children's  toy  balloons);  In  soldering  and  etching  with  ars-^nic-eontainlng  metala 
or  acids,  e.  g.,  enamelware  factories,  tin,  zinc,  and  lead  plating  works;  impure  iron  silicata,  by  the  abEorp- 
tion  of  water,  develops  arseniureted  hydrogen.  Enters  body  In  the  form  of  a  gas,  through  the  organs  of 
respiration  (generally  mixed  with  hydrogen).  Symptoms — At  first  no  disturbances,  or  only  slight  indis- 
position; after  some  hours,  chilliness,  vomiting  (food,  bile,  then  blood),  pain  in  the  back,  giddiness,  ring- 
ing in  the  ears,  faintness,  smalj  pulse,  bluish  discoloration  of  the  mucous  membranes:  labored  respiration; 
urine  at  times  dark  or  even  black,  containing  blood  or  haemoglobin.  Atter  2t  hours,  vellow  hue  of  the  skin 
and  mucous  membranes,  from  absorption  of  biliary  fluids,  fetor  of  the  mouth  (resembling  garlic),  swelling 
and  sensitiveness  of  the  liver  and  spleen,  headache,  delirium,  mortal  anguish;  death  or  slow  convalesence. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Fresh  air  and  oxygen;  later  bloodletting;  use  of  an  alkaUue  solution  of  com- 
mon salt}  mild  alkaline  drink;  analeptics  (coffee,  camphor). 

Benalne — A  mixture  of  low-ebuUitlon  portions  of  petroleum,  kuown  commercially  under  various  names, 
e.  g.,  petroleum,  benzine,  llgroine,  gasoline.  Used  Iu  benzine  distillation ;  chemical  cleansing  plaats,  glove 
cleaning;  removal  of  fat  from  bones,  fat  solvent;  lacquer  varnish,  and  India  rubber  industries;  manufacture 
01  waterproof  materials  (application  of  the  rubber  mass  dissolved  in  benzine);  ornamental  feather  factories; 
need  ris  a  source  of  power.  Enters  body  in  form  of  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  orpans;  to  a  less  extent, 
probably  through  the  skin  also.  Symptoms — Headache,  vertigo,  nausea,  vomiting,  cough.  Irregular  respira^ 
tlon,  ^c...tnv:;H  oi  lae  hcurl,  d'^ov^sinc-.a,  fcJd  deep  sleep  with  cyuno.sls  ol  the  countenance,  coldness  of  the 


Liist  of  Industrial  Poisons— Continued.  399 

skin  and  complete  insensibility;  on  awaiting,  headache,  vertigo  and  depression,  fibrillar  twitching  of  the 
muscles,  trembling,  especially  of  the  musculature,  as  if  from  chilliness.  Benzoic  acid  is  found- in  the  urine. 
Chronic  Poisoning — Headache,  flashes  before  the  eyes,  ringing  in  the  ears,  psychosis  with  excitement  and 
a  state  resembling  inebriation,  sensory  disturbances  and  hallucinations  (but  the  prodromata  of  chronic  ben- 
zine poisoning  will  also  appear).  The  occurrence  of  chronic  poisoning  by  benzine  has  been  contested.  The 
symptoms  vary  greatly  because  the  benzine  used  teclinically  is  a  complex  mixture  and  not  always  of  the 
same  composition. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Removal  of  the  patient  into  fresh  air;  in  severe  cases,  stimulants,  like  coflee, 
camphor;  then  cold  affusions. 

Benzol — A  very  imstable,  colorless  fluid,  burning  with  a  bright,  very  sooty  flame:  extremely  volatile; 
its  homologues,  e.  g„  toluol  xylol,  and  cumol.  Used  in  manufactiu-e  of  benzol,  its  homologues  and  numer- 
ous derlvates;  technical  use  of  these  products  In  the  manufacture  of  colors,  in  carburlzlng  illuminating  and 
water  gas,  in  refining  and  dissolving  of  caoutchouc,  resins,  fats,  alkaloids.  Iodine,  phosphorus,  and  sulphur; 
in  the  removal  of  grease  from  materials;  dye  works,  laundries;  lacquer  and  varnish  factories;  the  rubber 
industry.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs;  re-absorption  through  the 
skin.  Symptoms — Benzol,  Its  homologues  and  the  rest  of  the  hydrocarbons  of  coal  tar,  have  a  specific 
aflftnlty  for  the  central  nervous  system  and  a  general  action  on  the  protoplasm  of  the  organic  cells  (fatty 
degeneration).  Female  workers,  particularly  in  their  developmental  years,  are  more  susceptible  than  men 
to  the  poisoning,  and  in  au  extraordinary  degree  to  the  subacute  and  chronic  forms  of  it.  Acute  Poisoning — 
(a)  In  mild  cases:  Cerebral  disturbances,  humming  in  the  ears,  giddiness,  somnolence,  a  condition  resembling 
inebriation,  vomiting  and  irritant  cough,  slight  flushing  of  the  face.  There  is  often  euphoria.  (6)  In  severe 
cases:  Symptoms  on  the  part  of  the  central  nei-vous  system,  muscular  tremor,  like  chilliness  from  exposure 
to  cold;  trembling  of  the  whole  extremities;  finally,  tonic  and  clonic  spasms;  euphoria;  pale,  livid  skin;  lips 
remarkably  scarlet  hued;  blood  bright  red,  thin.  Discolorations  of  the  skin,  like  those  in  aniline  and  nitro- 
benzol  poisoning,  are  wanting  in  benzol  poisoning,  (c)  In  the  most  violent  cases:  Hallucinations,  delirium, 
piotracted  imconsclousness,  and  death  in  tonic  convulsions.  Subacute  and  Chronic  Poisoning — Numerous 
spots  of  extravasated  blood  in  tlie  skin  (petechlae)  airallar  to  those  of  morbus  maculosus,  together  with  se- 
vere anaemia;  hemorrhage  from  the  mucous  membranes — In  women;  fatty  degeneration  of  the  internal 
organs  (heart,  liver,  kidneys). 

Special  measures  of  relief — Prompt  removal  of  the  patient  into  the  fresh  air;  Inhalation  of  oxygen;  ex- 
clusion of  female  workera  from  every  employment  in  which  ben'iol  Is  used. 

Carbon  Dioxide — A  specifically  dense,  odorless,  colorless  gas,  collecting  near  the  ground  or  floor. 
Generated  in  mines  by  the  process  of  breathing,  by  the  burning  of  miners'  lamps,  and  by  blasting;  in  lime 
and  brickkilns  and  dolomite  calcining  kilns;  in  decomposition  and  putrefaction  gases;  in  tanneries  (tan  pits); 
in  sugar  mills  (saturation  vessels) ;  manufacture  of  carbonic  acid  and  of  mineral  waters;  spirit  distilleries, 
compressed  yeast  factories,  breweries,  fermenting  rooms  and  wine  cellars;  in  sewer  and  well  gases;  in  firing 
and  heating  establishments;  In  the  lighting  of  workrooms;  by  the  exhaled  air  in  closed  worlcrooms  and  cais- 
sons. Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas,  by  inhalation.  Symptoms — Large  quantities  occasion  sudden  death 
by  suffocation.  With  the  inhalation  of  smaller  quantities  the  symptoms  of  iUness  begin  with  pressure  in 
the  head,  vertigo,  ringing  in  the  ears  and  sparks  before  the  eyes,  disturbances  of  respiration,  such  as  hurried 
breathing  and  pain  in  the  chest,  sometimes  psychic  excitement  and  convulsions.  Usually  in  case  of  more 
protracted  effect  there  is  loss  of  consciousness  and  of  the  power  of  motlon3(or  even  death  by  suffocation), 
with  gradual  decline  of  the  pulse  and  respiration,  and. often  with  the  occurrence  of  delirium.  On  prompt 
removal  from  the  poisonous  atmosphere  there  is  a  restoration  of  consciousness  with  subsidence  of  the  symp- 
toms of  Illness  and  recovery  In  a  few  days.    The  occurrence  of  chronic  poisoning  by  carbon  dioxide  is  doubtful. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Examination  of  the  ah'  of  the  suspected  places  before  entering  them ;  imme- 
diate removal  from  the  poisonous  atmospfitre:  artificial  respiration  to  be  persevered  in  for  a  long  time; 
finally,  inflation  of  the  lungs  with  oxygen;  cold  affusions;  stimulation  of  the  skin;  restoratives. 

Carbon  Dlsulphide  (carbon  sulphurate) — In  a  pure  state  it  is  a  limpid,  highly  refractive,  extraor- 
dinarily volatile  fluid,  having  an  odor  like  that  of  chloroform;  Imperfectly  refined,  its  hue  is  pale  yellow  and 
its  odor  offensive.  Used  in  manufacture  of  CS2,  an  agent  for  extraction  of  sulphur  from  the  mass  in  the 
process  of  gas  purification;  disinfection;  a  solvent  for  caoutchouc,  gums,  fats,  oils,  etc.;  In  vulcanizing  caout- 
chouc and  rubber  (patent-rubber  factories);  for  the  extraction  of  lanolin,  the  refining  of  tallow,  stearin,  pa- 
raffin, and  wax;  production  of  carbon  chloride;  assembling  and  setting  up  carriage-wheel  rims  and  rubber 
tires;  Imltation-silk  factories.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  respiration;  In  fluid  form,  through 
the  skin,  e.  g.,  at  the  dipping  of  the  hands  in  the  fluid.  Symptoms — It  causes  heavy  damage  to  the  red 
blood  corpuscles  and  to  the  central  nervous  system.  Acute  Poisoning — In  mild  cases,  marked  stupefaction 
and  a  sense  of  intoxication;  in  more  Intense  poisoning,  pallor  of  the  countenance,  flaccidity  of  the  arms  and 
legs,  even  complete  insensibility,  obliteration  of  all  reflexes,  loss  of  consciousness,  due  to  paralysis  of  the 
central  nervous  system.  With  the  inhalation  of  concentrated  vapor  there  is  a  fatal  result  In  a  few  minutes. 
Chronic  Poisoning — The  earliest  symptoms  (first  becoming  manifest,  sometimes  after  employment  for  a  few 
weeks,  but,  for  the  most  part,  after  montiis  or  even  years)  are  headache,  extending  from  the  root  of  the  nose 
to  the  temples,  a  sensation  of  giddiness  and  stupefaction,  particularly  at  evening  after  the  close  of  labor: 
later,  pain  in  the  extremities,  muscular  weakness  with  trembling,  spasms  or  fibrillar  twitching,  also  con- 
tractures, transient  and  permanent  paralyses,  with  atrophy  of  the  muscles;  deafness;  itching  and  formica- 
tion on  the  skin,  reduction  of  the  reflexes,  circumscribed  and  more  extensive  areas  of  anaesthesia  and  anal- 
gesia: acceleration  of  llrie  heart's  action,  nausea,  vomiting,  colic,  alternate  diarrhoea  and  constipation,  the 
latter  condition  prevailing  in  the  later  stages  of  the  disease;  emaciation,  disturbance  of  the  sense  of  vision, 
sometimes  transient,  but  rare  in  the  Initial  stage:  retrobulbar  neuritis,  choroiditis,  central  scotoma,  disturb- 
ances of  the  senses  of  smell  and  taste.  In  respect  to  the  central  nervous  system  there  Is  at  first  a  condition 
of  excitement,  followed  by  depression:  subsequently  very  irritable,  violent,  and  explosive  temper.  After 
several  weeks  or  months,  relaxation,  melancholy,  a  dreamy  manner,  weakness  of  memory,  puerile  enuncia- 
tion, obtusepess.  According  to  Charcot,  psychic  disturbances  occur  In  87.5  per  cent,  of  cases.  Mental 
diseases  under  the  semblance  of  acute  mania  and  dementia  occur  with  good  prospect  of  recovery ;  the  severer 
forms  appear  in  cases  where  there  is  hereditary  predisposition.  There  have  been  observed  also  local  evi- 
dences of  the  paralyzing  effect  of  the  carbon  dlsulphide  upon  the  parts  brought  into  contact  with  it,  especially 
In  the  fingers.  The  prognosis,  so  far  as  the  preservation  of  life  Is  concerned,  is  favorable;  as  to  th^  .'ull  restora- 
tion of  health.  It  Is  unfavorable.  . 

Special  measures  of  relief — In  acute  poisoning,  removal  into  the  fresh  air,  warm  baths,  cold  affusions: 
when  there  are  symptoms  of  paralysis,  electrical  treatment;  in  disturbance  of  vision,  potassium  Iodide  and 
vapor  baths;  interdiction  of  the  practice  of  dipping  the  unprotected  hands  into  carbon  dlsulphide. 

Carbon  Monoxide — A  colorless,  tasteless  gas,  and,-  when  in  a  state  of  diffusion,  odorless,  burning  wltli 
a  blue  flame  in  the  air;  coal  vapor  has  from  0.5  to  5  per  cent,  of  CO;  Illuminating  g?.s,  6  to  10  per  cent,  o' 
CO  and  33  to  40  per  cent,  of  mine  gas:  water  gas,  a  mixture  of  41  per  cent.  CO,  50  per  cent,  hydrogen,  4 
per  cent.  CO,  and  5  per  cent.  N;  producer  gas  contains  34  per  cent.  CO,  and  60  per  cent,  hydrogen  gas.  In 
industrial  plants  with  defectively  planned  or  ill-tended  firing  and  heating  arrangements;  plants  for  the  pro- 
duction of  industrial  gas:  mining  (mine  gases):  coal  mines;  blast  furnaces  (furnace  gas):  Cowper  apparatus: 
gas  purification:  coke  ovens,  smelting  furnaces:  gas  machines;  lime  and  brick  kilns,  dolomite  calcining  kilns: 
iron  and  metal  foundries  (drying  of  the  molds);  soldering  in  tin  shops:  charcoal  burning;  resin  distillation: 
Ironing:  heating  with  open  coal  brasiers  or  coke  stoves  (drying  the  plaster  .and  walls  of  new  buildings):  dry- 
ing chambers.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas.  through  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms  of  Acute  Poison- 
ing— Increased  blood  pressure  at  first,  with  slowing  of  the  nulse  and  pounding  heartbeat;  later,  lowering  of 


400  List  of  Industrial  Poisons — Continued. 

the  pressure,  with  rapid  but  small  pulse,  and,  not  Infrequently,  with  discrete  spots  of  dilation  in  the  super- 
flciaf  blood  vessels.  Remarkably  paie-red  discoloration  of  the  blood  and  of  the  dilated  spots;  formation  of 
carbonmonoxlde  haemoglobin  is  demonstrable  by  the  spectrum  (a)  Disturbances  of  the  general  health: 
In  mild  cases,  dull  headache,  flashes  before  the  eyes,  giddiness,  ringing  in  the  ears,  nausea  and  fullness  in 
the  gastric  region.  (6)  In  severe  cases:  Bluish  discoloration  of  the  skin;  spasmodic,  wheezing  respiration; 
sometimes  tonic  and  clonic  convulsions,  more  often  paralytic  symptoms,  either  with  weakness  of  all  the  ex- 
tremities or  of  the  lower  only,  or.  Indeed,  of  only  single  groups  of  muscles,  including  also  the  facial  muscles. 
The  convulsive  stage,  which  may  be  altogether  absent,  is  succeeded  by  the  stage  of  asphyxia,  with  sensory 
and  motor  disturbances,  involuntary  voiding  of  urine,  subnormal  temperature;  weak,  slow  and  intermittent 
pulse;  loss  of  consciousness.  As  sequels  there  have  been  observed  pneumonia.  Inflammations  of  the  skin, 
paralyses  and  psychoses,  the  last  two  often  pursuing  an  unfavorable  course.  Chronic  Poisoning  (among 
troners,  firemen,  cooks,  etc) — Frequent  headaches,  dizziness,  nausea,  vomiting,  coated  tongue,  weakness 
ol  memory;  anaemia  without  chlorosis;  "hot  flushes,"  formication,  palpitation  oi  the  heart,  insomnia,  general 
debility  and  feebleness  of  the  psychic  functions. 

Special  measures  of  relief— Removai  from  the  poisonous  atmosphere;  admission  of  fresh  air;  artificial 
respiration,  with  Inflation  of  the  lungs  by  oxygen  for  hours,  if  necessary;  keep  head  of  the  injured  person 
slightly  elevated;  subcutaneous  injection  of  ether;  camphor;  cold  affusions;  rubbing;  mustard  poultice; 
electrical  treatment;  insufflation  of  ammonia  vapor;  administration  of  black  coffee;  alkaline  salt  infusion; 
entering  where  CO  may  be  generated  only  when  protected  by  safety  masks  and  by  a  constant  supply  of  air. 

Chloride  of  Lime — A  white  granular,  somewhat  desiccath  e,  powder,  having  the  odor  of  hypochlorous 
acid,  and  containing  35  to  40  per  cent,  of  chlorine.  Used  In  the  manufacture  of  the  chloride  of  lime;  use 
of  the  chloride  of  lime  as  an  oxidizing  and  chlorinating  agent  in  the  chemical  Industry  (for  example,  dye- 
3tuns);  disinfection;  manufacture  of  chloroform,  chlorine,  oxygen;  bleaching  of  linen,  cotton,  paper;  cotton 
print  works.  Enters  body  In  the  form  of  vapor  or  dust,  through  the  respiratory  organs  (inhalation  of 
chlorine  gas);  direct  action  on  the  skin  Symptoms:  More  or  less  severe,  irritating  cough,  symptoms  of 
inflammation  In  the  upper  air  passages;  difficulty  of  breathing,  bronchitis,  asthma,  sometimes  haeraoptysi.^, 
irritation  of  the  conjunctiva,  lachrymation;  skin  hot  from  action  of  chlorine;  hyperhidrosis;  Intensely  itch- 
ing and  burning  eruption  on  the  skin,  eczema,  burns  from  the  dust  of  lime  and  Its  chloride. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Admission  to  the  employment  of  such,  and  only  such,  workmen  as  are 
sound  and  strong,  and  free  from  any  predisposition  to  catarrhal  affections;  technical  arrangements  which 
permit  the  charging  and  emptying  of  the  chambers  from  the  outside. 

Chlorine — A  yellowish  green,  suftocating  gas,  of  penetrating  odor,  which  forms  a  solution  of  a  green- 
ish yellow  color  when  dissolved  in  water.  Used  in  the  manufacture  of  chlorinp,  chloride  of  lime,  and  of 
organic  chlorine  pi'oducts;  bleaciieries;  paper  mills;  laundries;  ironing;  tinning  works;  manufacture  and 
ise  of  disinfecting  agents  containing  chlorine  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas.  through  the  respiratory 
organs.  Symptoms:  The  smallest  quantities  excite  severe  suffocative  sensations  and  necessitate  leaving 
;.&©  room,  so  that  acute  chlorine  poisoning  seldom  occurs  Symptoms  of  Cutaneous  Disease — Burning, 
stinging,  formation  of  nodules,  blebs,  and  even  open  wounds  of  the  skin.  Effect  on  the  Mucous  Membranes 
-^Lachrymation,  coryza,  cough,  oppression  of  the  chest  and  Intense  dyspnoea;  bronchial  catarrh  with 
hemorrhage:  sometimes,  lobular  pneumonia  The  concentrated  vapor  causes  uncontrollable  cough,  spasm 
of  the  glottis,  dyspnoea,  cold  sweats,  cyanosis  and  small  pulse;  death  occurs  within  a  few  minutes  (sud- 
den collapse).  In  its  Chronic  Effect — Distress  in  the  gastric  region;  chronic  catarrh  of  the  stomach;  py- 
rosis; pallid  countenance;  catarrh  of  the  respiratory  tract;  lobular  pneumonia;  headaol-.e,  vertigo,  insom- 
nia; gradual  emaciation  and  premature  senescence  Chlorine  Acne  occasioned  in  the  electrolytic  pro- 
iiuctlon  of  chlorine  by  chlorinated  carbureted  hydrogen) —InQammatory  processes  In  the  dermal  glands; 
the  occurrence  of  unusually  diffuse,  confluent  comedones  with  indurated,  dark-green  heads:  solid  infiltration 
.^f  the  sebaceous  follicles,  their  inflammation  and  suppuration  causing  pustules  and  bolls. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Removal  of  the  patient  inio  the  fresii  air;  Inhalation  of  amyl  nitrite;  artl- 
':clal  respiration;  on  account  of  the  paralyzing  effect  of  the  chlorine  on  the  heart,  stimulants  are  required 

■  black  coffee,  subcutaneous  Injection  of  camphorated  oil) ;  to  control  the  Irritating  coggh,  hypodermics 
„f  morphine  or  cautious  Inhalation  of  steam. 

Far  trie  prevention  of  chlorine  acne — Substitution  of  anodes  made  of  molten  metallic  oxides  for  the  car- 
■i;on  anodes. 

Chlorodinttrobenzol — Forming  yellow  crystals.     (See  Nitrobenzol.) 

Chtoronitrobenzol — Forming     yellowish     crystals     of     aromatic     odor.     (See     Nitrobenzol.) 

Chromium   Compounds — Chromic   acid,   anhydrous,    chromatcs   and   bichromates,    e    g  ,   sodium 

'■hromate,  sodium  bichromate,    lead  chromate;  chromium  colors:    Chrome  yellow  (acid  chromatc  of  lead); 

.throme  orange  (basic  and  neutral  chromate  of  lead);  chrome  red  (chrome-cinnabar);  acid  chromate    of  lead 

)xide  and  lead  hydrate;  chrome  green,  poisonous  only  as  a  mixture  of  chrome  yellow  and  paris    blue. 

'See  also  under  Lead.)     Used  in  manufacture  of  chromium  preparations,  chrome  colors,  and  hectograph 

omposltlon;  photography  (color  and  carbon  printing);  oxydlzing  agent  in  the  tar-color  industry;  man- 

ifac-ture  of  matches;  wet  batteries;  bleaching  fats,  oils,  and  wax;  mordant  in  Turkish  red  dyeing,  textile  print- 

ns  (for  neutralizing  colors  and  lor  dyeing);  chrome  tanning  (two-vat  process);  staining  of  wood.     Enters 

■;ody  by  absorption  by  the  skin  and  mucous  membranes;  In  the  form  of  dust,  through  the  respiratory  organs. 

Symptoms:   The  chromates  act  very  much  like  chromic  acid  Itself;  pitlike,  phagedenic  ulcere,  burrowing  deep 

.,nd  spreading  wide,  very  difficult  to  heal  and  very  painful,  occur  almost  exclusively  on  the  skin  of  the 

lands,  more  rarely  on  the  arms,  tlilghs;  they  also  appear,  though  seldom,  on  the  mucous  membrane  of  the 

onslls  and  of  the  hard  and-the  soft  palate      With  rare  exceotions  is  there  extension  of  the  Inflammation 

3,  and  perforation  of,  the  nasal  S3ptura  at  the  cartilaginous  portion;  eczematous  eruptions      Irritation 

it  the  conjunctiva.     Irritation  of  the  Bronchioles — Chronic  bronchial  catarrh,  and  small  areas  of  inOam- 

■latlon  in  the  lungs.     In  recent  years  the  last-mentioned  symptoms  are  hardly  ever  encountered  in  a  re- 

larUably  wide  field  of  observation.     It  is  at  least  extremely  doubtful  If  disease  of  the  kidneys  is;ever  caused 

>y  chromium.     In  handling  chromium  dj'es  containing  lead  there  is  danger  of  chronic  lead  poisoning. 

Special  measures  of  lelief — Chromium  ulcers  are  successfully  overcome  by  careful  treatment  of  the 
;iightest  injuries  to  the  skin,  and  by  the  immediate,  complete  and  skilful  closure  of  the  lesions. 

Cyanogen  Compounds — Dicyanogen;  Prussic  acid;  hydrocyanic  acid,   a  colorless,   highly  volatile 
!uid,  of  penetrating,  pungent,  and  irritating  odor.     Natrium  cyanide,  cyanide  of  potassium,  potassium 
yanlde;  a  coloi-less  salt,  forming  crystals  which,  after  fusion,  recrystallize,  but  readily  decomposes  on  ex- 
osure  to  the  air,  setting  free  hydrocyanic  acid.     Rhodanlc  (sulphocyanic),  compounds;  poisonous  dose 
■f  the  dilate  hydrocyanic  acid,  0.06  g.     Used  in  the  extraction  of  gold;  silver  and  gold  plating,  galvano- 
lasty,  electroplating;  manufacture  of  cyanogen  compounds  and  inorganic   processes  (when  organic  re- 
..idua  are  heated  with  alkalies);  reduction  of  residuum  to  gas;  blast  furnaces;  gas  works  (purification  pro- 
ses), dye  works  and  printerles;  photographic  establishments;  manufacture  of  celluloid.     Enters  body  in 
:  QO  form  of  gas,  through  the  respiratory  organs;  prussic  acid  also  through  the  epidermis.     Symptoms: 
'  ".enerally  speaking,  industrial  poisonings  by  cyanogen  are  rare.     Acute  Poisoning — Moderate  quanoitiea 

■  ^f  the  gas  cause  vertigo,  headache,  rush  of  blood  to  the  head,  oppression  of  the  chest,  palpitation  of  the 
■^eart,  a  sensation,  of  constriction  at  the  throat  with  pharyngeal  irritation  and  dryness,  nausea  and  vomlt- 
Qg,  difflcult,  gaspmg  respiration,  with  retention  of  consciousness.    To  the  stage  of  dyspnoea  succeeds  that 

:  f  spasm  with  cold,  perspiring  skin,  convulsions  and  Involuntary  micturition,  with  loss  of  consciousness. 

■  n  the  sta^e  of  asphyxiation  there  are  temporary  suspension  of  resoiration,  retardation  of  the  heart's  ao- 
■-lon,  livldity  of  the  skin  and  mucous  membranes,  lowering  of  the  "body  temperature;  with  inhalation  of 
.arge  quantities,  the  stage  of  asphyxia  supervenes  immediately.     Dilation  of  the  pup:!s:  less  of  conscloufl- 


List  of  Industrial  Poisons — Continued.  401 


aess;  a  few  gasping  inspirations:  cyanosis  of  ttio  sliin  and  mucous  membranes;  collapse;  death.  Chrome 
Poisoning  (very  doubtful) — Headache,  vertigo,  unsteadiness  of  gait;  nausea,  loss  of  appetite,  disturbances 
of  the  gastric  and  Intestinal  functions;  slowing  of  the  pulse;  albuminuria. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Fresh  air;  artificial  respiration;  administration  of  oxygen;  cold  affusions 
and  friction;  hypodermic  injection  of  ether,  camphor;  if  the  poison  has  beea  taken  into  the  stomach,  give 
emetics,  then  immediately  rinse  out  that  viscus  with  water,  with  the  addition  of  one-quarter  to  one-half 
of  1  per  cent,  of  potassium  permanganate.  Kobert  recommends  a  3  per  cent,  solution  of  hydrogen  bin- 
oxide  for  suocmaneous  injection,  in  doses  of  1  cubic  centimeter,  at  different-  points  In  tbe  body.  But  on 
the  other  liand  H202  is  deemed  unsuitable,  and  an  alkaline  solution  of  ferric  sulphate,  or  an  antidote  for 
arsenic  with  some  ferric  salt,  ia  indicated  as  the  best  remedy.  To  control  the  convulsions  "give  morphia 
hyiioderinieally. 

Diazomethane — A  very  volatile  yellow  gas.  Used  In  methylizing  of  every  kind.  Enters  body  as 
gas,  through  the  lungs;  effect  on  the  skin.  Symptoms:  Acute  Poisoning— Se-^erc  headache;  great  phj'sleal 
depression;  grave  lesions  of  the  lungs;  other  elfects  like  those  of  dimethyl  sulpliate. 

Dimethj'l  Sulphate — 'A  colorless  oily  fluid.  Used  in  production  of  methyl  ethers,  methyl  esters  and 
methyl  amines:  manufacture  of  artificial  perfumes.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas,  through  the  respira- 
tory organs;  direct  action  on  the  ekln.  Symptoms:  Strongly  corrosive  effect  on  the  skin  and  mucous 
membrauns;  buras;  pains  in  the  nape  of  the  neck  and  in  the  thoracic  cavity;  hoarseness;  destruction  of  the 
mucous  inambrane  and  aspiration  of  the  broken-down  products  into  the  lungs;  lachrymatlon,  conjunc- 
tivitis, formation  of  erosion-eschars,  and  oedema,  photophobia  and  parenchymatous  clouding  of  the  cor- 
nea; even  coma,  convulsions,  paralyses,  and  a  fatal  outcome. 

Dinitrobenzol  or  Binitrobenzol — When  pure,  crystallizing  as  slender,  colorless,  rhombic  needles; 
When  impure,  in  yellow,  crystalline  cakes.     (See  Nitrobenzol.) 

rorinaldehyde — -A  liquid,  volatilizing  as  a  ga.seous  vapor  of  penetrating  odor;  10  per  cent,  formalde- 
hyde, formalin.  Used  in  disinfection;  manufacture  of  many  organic  preparations,  especially  in  the  coal- 
tar  color-industry;  preserving  and  hardening  of  human  and  zoological  preparations.  Enters  body  in  the 
form  of  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs  and  mucous  membranes.  Symptoms:  Intense  irritation 
of  the  skin  and  mucous  membranes.  " 

Special  mecsvics  of  relief — Do  not  enter  the  disinfection  chamber  until  after  the  introduction  of  am- 
tnonia  and  thorough  ventilation. 

Hydrochloric  Acid — Pure,  is  a  colorless  gas  that  fumes  when  open  to  the  air,  forming  a  dense,  acid 
White  mist.  The  crude  commercial  hydrochloric  acid  is,  for  the  most  part,  impure,  containing  arsenic 
tuuong  other  admixtures.  Treatment  with  chlorine  of  previously  roasted  ores;  potteries  (glazing),  enam- 
cliiig  works,  glass  factories,  soldering;  in  the  chemical  industry,  maaufaciure  of  chloride  and  suipliate  of  soda, 
of  niiirlatic  acid,  stannic  acetate,  etc.;  manufacture  of  artiScial  fertilizers;  bleaciiing,  shoddy  industry,  cotton- 
print  works;  carbonizing  of  materials;  India  rubber  industry.  Action  is  on  the  skin  and  nasal  mucous 
membrane;  seldom  in  vaporous  form,  affecting  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms:  As  a  rule  the  rare- 
faction of  the  hydrochloric  acid  gas  is  so  considerable  in  the  industries  where  it  Is  used  to  any  extent  worth 
iiieiitiouiug  that  only  in  exceptional  oases  do  injurious  effects  occur,  such  as  irritation  of  the  respiratory 
organs.  A  proportion  of  0.05  per  mllle  of  hydrochloric  acid  in  the  air  is  well  borne,  but  only  for  a  short 
time.  A  greater  concentration  (as  well  as  the  often-repeated  inhalation  even  of  moderate  quantities  in 
manufacturing  industries)  causes  chronic  irritation  of  the  mucous  membranes  to  which  the  vapor  has  access. 
Tliere  result  also  catarrh  of  the  conjunctiva,  coryza,  pharyngeal,  laryngeal,  and  bronchial  catarrh,  to- 
gether with  dental  caries.     Concentrated  vapor  may  cause  unconsciousness  and  death. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Removal  of  the  patient  from  the  dangerous  atmosphere;  inhalation  of  a 
finely  nebulized  solution  of  sodium  bicarbonate. 

Hydrofluoric  Acid  or  Fluoric  Acid — A  colorless  gas,  of  pungent  odor  and  forming  a  demse  m''st  la 
the  air.  Used  in  chemical  works;  glass  factories,  etching  on  glass;  tiboratories  of  the  pottery  industry', 
extraction  of  the  fluorides  of  antimony  (substitute  for  tartar  emetic  in  dyoworks);  fertihzer  factories  (ejitii^o- 
tion  of  i)lio.?pliorites) ;  bleaching  of  cane  for  chair  seats  and  e.xtraction  of  its  silicates.  Enters  body  in  tlis 
form  of  gas,  through  the  respiratory  organs.  In  a  fluid  state  it  has  an  immediate  action  on  the  sklu  and 
mucous  membranes.  Symptoms:  Intense  irritation  of  the  eyelids  and  conjunctiva,  coryza,  bronchial 
catarrh  with  spasmodic  cough,  ulceration  of  the  nostrils,  gums,  and  oral  mucous  membrane;  also  pain- 
ful ulcers  of  the  cuticle,  erosions  and  formation  of  vesicles;  suppuration  under  the  finger  nails. 

lead — A  bluish  white,  highly  lustroits  metal,  which  on  exposure  to  the  air  acquires  a  gray  tarnish- 
Lead  alloys;  lead  colors  (other  lead  compounds);  lead  suiphuret  (galena)  is  held  to  be  non-poisonous,  and 
some  lead  polysilicates  are  regarded  as  nearly  so.  Used  in  smelting  of  lead  and  lead-bearing  ores;  manu- 
facture and  use  of  articles  made  of  metallic  lead  (sheets,  plates,  boxes,  pipes,  wire,  cans,  flasks,  pails, 
kettles,  faucets,  retorts);  manufacture  and  use  of  lead  alloys,  as  type  metal,  shot  (tin  foil),  for  example, 
ill  type  foundries,  tin  shops,  bottle-cap  factories,  composing  rooms,  flle-cutting  works,  manufacture  and 
use  of  lead  colors  and  other  lead  compounds,  aa  litharge,  white  lead,  Ifrema  white,  red  lead,  lead  (Aromates, 
acetate  of  lead,  lead  chloride  in  lead  color  works  and  storage-battery  factories,  in  the  trade  of  painter, 
house  i)ainter  and  varnisher;  plants  for  installation  of  gas  and  water;  in  the  ceramic  industry,  the  textile 
Industry,  etc.  It  is  to  be  observed  that  materials  containing  lead  may  occasionally  be  employed  in  every 
Industry,  and  that  lead  colors  and  other  lead  compounds  are  often  met  with  in  trade  under  fanciful  names. 
Enters  body  by  absorption  of  lead  and  lead  compounds  occurs:  (1)  In  isolated  cases  through  the  skin, 
Wliether  through  the  uninjured  skin  is  doubtful:  (2)  in  the  form  of  vapor  (very  finely  divided  oxide  of  lead), 
and  as  dust,  through  the  respiratory  organs;  (3)  by  way  of  the  digestive  tract'  by  means  of  contaminated 
food  and  drinks  (tor  example,  cigars,  cigarettes,  chewing  tobacco).  By  inhalation  the  dust,  laden  with 
lead,  hiids  lodgment  in  the  upper  respiratory  tract,  and,  milled  with  saliva,  may  reach  the  stomach.  In- 
dustrial lead  poisoning  appears  as  a  rule  in  the  chronic  form  and  arises  from  continuous  absorption  of  the 
most  infinitesimal  quantities  of  lead  during  a  protracted  period  of  time  (weeks,  months,  and  even  years). 
Tiie  beginning  is  insidious,  with  disturbances  of  the  general  health,  a  sense  of  weakness,  decline  of  bodily 
Strength-  sallow,  nale-veliowish  hue  of  the  skin.  Distress  in  the  region  of  the  stomach,  eructations,  lack 
of  aiipetite,  metallic  taste  in  the  mouth  and  fetid  breath.  The  blue  line  (blue-grs.y  discoloration  of  the 
gums)  which,  however,  may  be  absent,  even  in  the  course  of  a  severe  attack;  lead  colie  with  most  obstinate 
constipation,  retention  of  urine;  plumbic  artliralgia  (lacerating,  boring),  occurring  for  the  most  partparo.x- 
ysmally,  chiefly  In  the  lower  extremities,  more  rarely  in  the  upper,  often  interpreted  as  a  symptom  oi 
rheumatism  of  the  joints;  frequently,  fibrillar  trembling  of  the  fingers.  Typical  are  the  lead  paralyses, 
of  which  disturbances  of  sensation  (paracsthesia  and  anaesthesia)  take  the  precedence.  Paralysis  gen- 
erally affects  the  extensor  muscles  of  the  arm  and  hand,  with  atrophic  manifestations;  more  rarely,  the 
flexor  muscles.  Sometimes  also  there  are  paralyses  of  the  extensors  and  flexors  of  the  lower  extremities 
or  muscles  of  the  shoulder.  From  experience  it  is  known  that  those  groups  of  muscles  are  especially  ariected 
which  are  most  used  in  the  occupational  activity.  Transient  blindness,  but  also  gradually  progre.'^siye 
atrophy  of  the  optic  nerve;  temporary  loss  of  the  special  senses  of  smell  and  taste;  vioiont  often  rataliy 
ending  disease  of  the  brain  (saturnme  encephalopathy),  sometimes  preceded  only  by  slight  premonitory 
symptoms,  as  irritability  and  headache,  ringing  in  the  ears,  insomnia:  more  often,  slowly  increasing  men- 
tal disturbances  precede;  epileptiform  convulsions,  hallucinations;  morbid  changes  in  the  blood  vessels 
and  of  the  heart  and  kidneys  (contracted  kidney);  increase  of  blood  pressure  and  granular  degeneration 

Measures  of  reiie/— Discontinuance  of  work  in  lead  at  the  slightest  symptoms  of  lead  poisoning.  In 
lead  colic,  give  first,  by  the  mcuth  or  subcutaneously,  morphia,  opium,  or  atropine;  afterwards,  cathartics 


402  List  of  Industrial  Poisons — Continued. 

(castor  oil  or  podophyllin) ;  la  paralysis,  electrical  treatment,  massage  and  baths;  in  every  case,  strength- 
ening diet.  Iodide  of  potassium,  and  sudorlflcs. 

Manganese  Dioxide — Brown  mineral  (occurring  chiefly  as  pyrolusite).  Poison  occurs  in  breaking 
and  grinding  of  manganese  ore:  sifting  out  of  the  refuse.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  dust,  through  the 
respiratory  organs.  Symptoms:  Produces  cumulative  effects.  After  protracted  action  of  the  toxin  the 
symptoms  begin  with  disturbances  of  the  general  sensibility,  general  debility,  languor,  lancinating  pains 
in  the  extremities,  in  the  small  of  the  back  and  nape  of  the  neck,  creeping  sensations  in  the  legs  and  numb- 
ness In  the  feet;  salivation;  tremor  of  the  head,  tongue,  and  hands:  later,  locomotor  disturbances  with  un- 
certain, stamping  gait,  and,  ultimately,  the  impossibility  of  safe  and  sure  progression.  Aflections  of  the 
voice  (low,  whispering)  and  of  speech  (indistinct,  scanning)  combined  with  flatness  of  tone;  forced  laughter 
and  weeping  and  lowering  of  intelligence.  Sometimes  dropsical  effusion  into  the  cellular  tissue  of  the  lower 
extremities. 

Mercury — A  silver-white,  shining  metal,  unchangeable  in  the  air,  but  evaporating  at  houge  temper- 
ature; mercury  compounds,  amalgams  (alloys  with  metals) ;  cinnabar  is  non-poisonous.  Used  in  mining 
and  smelting  of  quicksilver;  occupation  of  mirror  jlater,  amalgam  gilding  and  silvering;  manufacture  of 
thermometers,  barometers,  and  manometers,  incamlescent  electric  lamps.  Roentgen  and  Hittorf  tubes, 
mercurial  vapor  lamps;  manufacture  of  the  salts  of  mercury,  amalgams,  and  colors,  pharmaceutic  prod- 
ucts, antiseptic  dyes,  Inflammable  materials,  and  explosives;  employment  of  the  salts  of  mercury,  especial- 
ly in  the  hare's  fur  business  and  felt-hat  manufacture;  photography  and  steel  engraving.  Enters  body 
by  absorption  through  the  uninjured  skin;  absorbed  in  the  form  of  vapor  and  as  dust  (amal=;am  dust,  dust 
of  the  compounds  of  mercury).  Symptoms:  Industrial  mercurial  poisoning  is  a  chronic  poisoning  occa- 
sioned by  work  in  this  metal  for  a  long  period,  commonly  weeks,  months,  years,  or  decades.  The  first 
symptom  is  generally  increased  ptyalism,  with  swelling  and  inflammation  of  the  gums  and  of  the  buccal 
mucous  membrane,  often  with  the  formation  of  rodent  ulcers,  besides,  there  are,  frequently,  disturbances 
of  digestion,  lassitude,  and  pallor.  Associated  with  the  further  absorption  of  mercury,  "erethism"  super- 
venes— a  peculiar  psychic  excitability  (tlmorousness,  bewilderment,  irritability)  aside  from  the  charac- 
teristic mercurial  tremor.  In  a  state  of  complete  repose  this  tremor  is  not  noticeable,  and  manifests  itself 
only  on  voluntary  movement,  causing  a  quite  distinctive,  irregular  tremulousness  of  the  fingers,  hands, 
arms,  and  finally,  also,  of  the  legs  and  head.  In  strictly  chronic  cases  the  stomatitis  and  erethism  are 
absent,  and  only  the  tremor  is  observable.  Death  may  result  in  the  worst  cases  In  consequence  of  the 
violent  tremor  and  spasms  affecting  the  entire  body;  in  other  cases,  increasing  weakness.     Cachexia. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Relinquishment  of  the  employment;  nutritious  diet;  vapor  baths;  potas- 
sium iodide. 

Methyl  Alcohol  (wood  spirit) — A  colorless  fluid,  of  faint  odor.  Produced  by  the  dry  distillation 
of  wood;  used  in  the  preparation  of  varnish,  lacquer,  polish,  and  perfumes;  for  the  denaturing  of  spirits; 
for  the  production  of  coal-tar  colors  and  pharmaceutical  preparations;  a  solvent  tor  aniline  dyes  in  cotton 
print  manufacture;  used  in  combination  with  shellac  for  coating  the  interior  of  casks;  in  cabinet-making 
and  furniture  polishing.  Enters  body  by  absorption  through  the  digestive  organs,  also  through  the  skin; 
in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  organs  of  resph-ation.  Symptoms:  The  effect  is  very  persistent;  nausea, 
headache,  ringing  in  the  ears,  weakness  of  the  muscles,  insomnia,  delirium,  difficulty  of  breathing  and, 
sometimes  deafness;  inflammation  of  the  throat  and  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  air  passages  extending 
to  the  finest  ramifications  of  the  bronchial  tubes;  finally,  death  by  paralysis  of  the  respiratory  apparatus. 
Conjunctivitis;  also  serious  affections  of  the  retina  and  the  optic  nerve,  resulting  In  blindness,  even,  from 
atrophy  of  this  nerve.     In  chronic  cases,  fatty  degeneration  of  the  liver. 

Special  measures  of  relief — The  substitution  of  Innocuous  media  for  methyl  alcohol  in  the  denaturing 
of  spirits. 

Methyl  Bromide — A  colorless,  gaseous  body  of  aromatic  odor;  methyl  iodide,  iodine  methylate,  an 
ethereal,  colorless  fluid,  of  somewhat  penetrating  odor,  soon  becoming  yellow  on  exposure  to  the  air.  Em- 
ployed in  aniline  dye  factories.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas,  through  the  respiratory  organs  and  the 
mucous  membranes.  Symptoms:  In  mild  cases,  vertigo,  headache, .  and  transient  stupor,  with  diplopia 
and  a  sensation  of  rigidity  in  the  muscles  of  the  eyes.  In  a  severe  case  there  was  observed  loss  of  conscious- 
ness continuing  eight  weeks,  with  staring  look,  pallor  of  the  skin,  retarded  pulse,  and  obstinate  coastipation. 
During  brief  inten'als  of  wakefulness  there  was  unrest  with  increasing  excitability  (Giandhomme). 
Nitranlline — Forming  long,   yellow  crystals.     See  Aniline. 

Nitrobenzol  (mirbane  oil,  imitation  bitter-almond  oil)— A  colorless,  highly  refractive  fluid,  having  an 
odor  like  that  of  bitter  almonds;  and  all  nitro  compounds  of  benzol  and  its  homologues,  e.  g.,  dinitrobenzol, 
dinitrochlorobenzol,  nltrotoluol,  nitrophenol,  nitronaphthalene,  etc.  The  most  of  the  uitro  and  cliloro 
compounds  are  the  more  poisonous.  Used  In  the  coal-tar  color  industry  and  those  establishments  in  whicn  its 
Intermediate  products  are  manufactured,  as  in  explosives  works,  perfumery  and  soap  factories,  pharmaceu- 
tical laboratories,  etc.  Enters  body  by  (1)  absorption:  first  of  all,  through  the  skin,  both  the  uninjured  and 
especially  the  pathologically  altered  skin,  particularly  in  the  case  of  profuse  perspiration;  (2)  through  the 
respiratory  organs;  (3)  through  the"digestive  organs.  Symptoms:  Poisoning  by  all  of  the  designated  sub- 
stances is  pretty  nearly  the  same,  qualitatively;  qu2,ntitatively,  however,  differences  exist,  so  that  the  larger 
proportion  they  contain  of  the  nitro  groups  the  more  virulent  they  are  likely  to  be.  The  nitrochloro  com- 
pounds are  very  much  more  dangerous  than  the  simple  nitro  compounds.  The  first  toxic  symptoms  may  ap- 
pear within  a  few  hours  (8  to  24)  after  absorption  of  the  poison.  Acute  Poisoning — (a)  In  mild  cases:  Malaise, 
headache,  giddiness,  nausea,  loss  of  appetite,  costiveness,  burning  sensation  of  the  skin  and  mucous  mem- 
brane. (6)  In  severe  cases:  A  feeling  of  anxiety,  disturbances  of  sensation,  like  formication  on  the  legs  and 
furriness  of  the  soles  of  the  feet;  ringing  in  the  ears;  disturbances  of  co-ordination  (reeling  gait,  stammering 
speech),  increased  excitability  of  the  reflexes,  convulsions  and  a  state  of  general  spasm;  later,  with  decline 
of  sensiblhty,  symptoms  of  paralysis;  vomiting;  odor  of  the  vomitus  and  of  the  exhaled  breath  like  that  of 
bitter-almond' oil;  Icterus  of  the  skin;  at  first  increased,  afterward  diminished  activity  of  the  heart,  with 
lowered  tension  of  the  pulse;  visual  derangements  (amblyopia,  optic  neuritis);  blood  viscid,  brown  to  deep 
dun  color:  diminution  of  the  red  corpuscles  andNalteratious  in  their  form;  in  the  advanced  cases,  formation  of 
methaemoglobin.  The  course  of  severe  cases  is  exceptionally  varied;  after  intermissions,  exacerbations  may 
occur  with  a  finally  fatal  result.  Death  may  occur  also  in  connection  with  deep  insensibility,  without  other 
symptoms.  The  symptoms  which  point  to  blood  changes  predominate,  in  severe  poisoning,  over  the  nervous 
symptoms.  Subacute  and  Chronic  Poisoning — Icterical  skin,  which  gradually  becomes  cyanotic;  methaemo- 
globin formation;  symptoms  of  degeneration  and  regenenfttion  of  the  red-blood  corpuscles;  general  debility, 
anaemia.  The  clinical  picture  is  similar  to  that  of  pernicious  anaemia.  In  the  urine  the  poisoned  corpuscles 
are  sometimes  demonstrable,  and  finally  the  presence  of  haematophorphyrin  and  of  albumen. 

Measures  of  relief — Immediate  reinoval  from  the  workroom;  inhalation  of  oxygen;  artificial  respiration; 
eventually  bloodletting;  stimu  ants,  non-alcoholic;  prohibition  of  the  use  of  alcoholic  drinks  during  work- 
ing hours;  avoidance  of  the  same,  also,  outside  of  employment. 

Nitroglycerin,  glycei'in  trinitrate — an  oily,  vcoorable,  colorless  fluid,  without  odor.  Used  in  manu- 
facture of  explosives  (dynamite,  nitro-cellulose) ;  in  the  use  of  dynamite.  Entere  body  by  inhalation  of  the 
vapor;  absorption  through  the  uninjured  skin,  mucous  membranes,  and  wounds  of  the  skin.  In  the  ex- 
plosion of  dynamite  the  action  of  carbon  dioxide  and  nitrous  monoxide,  as  well  as  that  of  undecomposed 
nitroglycerin  is  present.  Symptoms:  Extraordinary  toxicity,  somewhat  like  effects  of  prussic  acid;  just  a 
(•w  drops  are  deadly,  and  even  mere  contact  with  products  containing  nytroglycerin  may  cause  poisoning; 
severe  headache,  disturbance  of  the  intellect,  facile  synco,)e.  vertigo,  burning  in  the  throat  and  stomach; 
nausea,  vomiting,  colic;  symptoms  of  paralysis  in  the  muscles  of  the  liead  and  eyes,  as  well  as  in  the  lower 
^•vtremities;  bradycardia  and  retarded  respiration,  stertorous  breatliiug  auu  dyspnoea;  cyanosis,  coldness 


List  of  Industrial  Poisons — Continued.  403 

of  the  extremities;  iojeotion  of  the  conjunctiva;  reddening  of  the  countenance.  In  the  mixing  and  sifting 
of  dynamite:  Obstinate  ulcers  under  the  nails  and  on  the  flnger  tips,  eruption  on  the  plantar  aspect  of  the 
feet  and  interdtgital  spaces  of  both  hands,  with  extreme  dryness  and  formation  of  fissures.  Explosion  of 
nitroglycerin  with  little  gas:  Trembling,  determination  of  blood  to  the  head,  vomiting,  headache.  Explosion 
of  nitroglycerin  with  much  gas:  Vertigo,  asphyxia,  cyanosis,  motor  paralj-sis  and  loss  of  consciousness;  in- 
termittent, stertorous  respiration,  coldness  of  the  skin,  small  pulse;  after  recovery  of  consciousness,  debility, 
nausea,  vomiting,  headache,  intermittent  pulse,  and  finally  death.  Chronic  Poisoning — Disturbances  of 
digestion,  trembling,  neujalgia. 

Spedtal  measures  of  relief — Absolute  avoidance  of  contact. 
1^"'  Nltronaphthalene — -A  yellow,  friable,  crystalline  mass  of  strongly  aromatic  odor.  (See  Nltrobenzol.) 
'"^1  Nitrous  Gases  (low  degrees  of  oxidation  of  nitrogen,  which  appear  simultaneously) — Nitrogen  pro- 
toxide, nitrogen  deutoxide,  nitrogen  trioxidc,  annydroua  nitrous  acid.  Nitrous  gases  are  produced  by 
the  action  of  nitric  acid  on  deoxidating  substances  of  various  kinds,  principally  on  metals  (iron,  lead,  zinc, 
etc.),  on  organic  substances  (coal  dust,  wood,  straw,  paper,  textile  fabrics,  woollen  refuse,  etc.)  as  well  as 
many  other  substances  (pyrites,  sulphurous  acid  and  its  salts,  soda  sediment,  hydrochloric  acid,  iron  chlorides, 
eutphate  of  iron,  etc.);  in  the  preparation  of  nitric  acid,  its  coraljinations  and  salts,  among  which  the  nitrous 
salts  also  are  to  be  included;  metal  etchinp;  and  metal  refining;  stamp  mills  and  mints;  g.ilvanotechnics;  ni- 
trification in  chemical  works  and  manufactories  of  explosives;  celluloid  manufacture;  sulphuric  acid  manu- 
facture; production  of  picric  acid,  aniline  colors,  nitroeelluloss  (guu  cotton,  collodion  cotton),  xyloidine, 
nltrostarch,  nitrojute  dynamite,  abellte,  nitromannite,  nitrosaochai'oss,  viscosine,  etc.;  nitric  acid  manu- 
facture and  storage;  preparations  of  thorium  and  cerium;  blCiiciiing  rii.'itorifils  (oils,  etc.);  hat  making  (mace- 
ration of  the  hair);  etching  and  engraving  on  copper  (etcUiiig  of  the  plate);  dyeing  and  printing  (fixer  and 
mordant).  Enters  body  in  gaseous  form,  through  tJio  respii-atory  orcans.  Symptoms:  Susceptibility  to 
the  effects  of  nitrous  gases  fluctuates  considerably.  Pei-sons  who  sulfer  from  diseivscs  of  tlis  respiratory 
organs  are  especially  susceptible;  not  infrequently  the  continual  inhalation  of  small  qu.intities,  for  many 
consecutive  years  even,  occasions  no  serious  disturbances  of  the  health.  A  pale,  sallow  complexion  and 
chronic  bronchial  catarrh  may  be  deemed,  neverth-Viess,  the  usual  conseauenees  of  occupational  inhalation 
of  very  moderate  quantities  of  nlLrous  gases.  Often,  however,  larger  riuantitles  of  the  poisonous  gases  are 
borne  for  hours  togetiier  (6  to  8  hours)  without  discomfort;  when  suddenly,  after  a  long  interval  without 
disturbance,  ominous  symptoms  appear.  Symptoms  of  irritation  in  the  air  passages  are  manifest,  as  a  feel- 
ing of  constriction  of  tlie  larynx,  spasmodic  cough,  oppression  in  the  chest,  labored  respiration,  anxiety, 
cold  perspiration  on  the  face,  profusion  o.r  the  eyes,  gasping  .speech,  paroxysms  of  coughing,  bluish  discolora- 
tion of  the  countenance,  coldness  of  the  extremities.  Consciousness  is  at  flrst  unimpaired,  but  with  in- 
creasing difficulty  of  breathing  it  becomes  dimmed;  injury  to  the  teeth.  The  urine  is  scanty,  brown  in  color, 
containing  haemoglobin  and  albumen.  Death  results  from  oedema  ('f  the  lungs.  In  very  severe  cases 
methaemoglobin  is  observed,  and  then  a  general  systemic  poisoning  may  result. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Immediate  removal  froin  the  no.".io',io  atmosphere;  inhalation  of  oxygen; 
finally,  bloodletting  and  infusion  of  normal  s.Tlt  solution. 

Ozaijc  Acid — It  forms  large,  pellacid  cystals.  Usei  in  polishing  of  metals,  especialls'  of  copper  and 
brass  utensils;  used  in  dv  works,  chemical  cleaning  plant,?  (rust  and  Ink  stains);  straw  bat  manufacture 
and  straw  braiding.  Enters  body  in  the  fot-m  of  dust,  througl;  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms:  Opa- 
lescent or  bluish  dlscoloratio;is  (with  brittlehess)  of  t^e  nails;  biood  stains  in  the  hands;  corrosive  action  on 
the  mucous  membrane  of  the  oesophagus,  of  the  sto'nach  and  bowels:  weakness  of  thS  lje.;-rt;  convulsions 
and  spasms.     However,  industrial  poisonings  by  oxalic  acid  are  exceedingly  rare. 

Petroleum — A  mixture  of  vario..s  hydrocarbons  of  the  methane,  ethyl,  and  aromritic  series.  Present 
In  refining  of  the  crude  oil;  furniture  pollshins  by  use  of  so-called  polishing  oil.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of 
vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs,  as  a  fluid  it  has  a  direct  action  on  the  skin.  The  vapors  of  petro- 
leum cause  a  profound  acute  poisoning  with  a  conditon  of  inebriation;  shouting,  reeling,  and  prolonged 
elsop  without  any  recollection  of  what  has  happencfl;  in  severe  cases,  loss  of  consciousness,  lividity  of  the 
countenance,  staring  look  and  contracted  pupils,  airacst  imi)erceptib!e  pulse,  asphyxia.  The  chronic  ef- 
fect of  petroieu;u  vapor  cau;es  numbness  and  irritation  of  the  Sohneiderian  morabrana.  In  general,  the 
symptoms  of  the  .-.ctio.;  of  peiroieum  t.a.'iomble  those  lesulting  from  he  action  of  benzine.  By  reason  of 
the  high  boilin?  point  of  petroleum  there  are  p;T)duoed,  in  the  extraction  of  parafTln  butter,  i!i  the  handling 
of  crude  paraffin,  in  the  emptying  of  rei,ortf:,  and  in  the  filling  ot  caslcs  with  petroleum,  obsticaoe  iaflamma- 
tiona  ot  the  hand  in  the  form  of  acne  (nodules,  pust.ules,  and  boils). 

Special  inec.sures  of  relief — Removal  into  the  fresh  air;  in  collapse,  a  teaid  bath  with  cold  afiusions;  sub- 
cutaneo..s  Injections  of  camphorated  oil. 

Pheuol  (carbolic  acid) — A  white  crystalline  mass,  and  its  horaologues,  e.  ti.,  cresol,  lysoi,  and  their 
derivatives.  Pres3at  in  anthracite  coal  tar  distilL^.tion;  production  or  picric  a';id  and  of  many  organic  aro- 
matic compounds;  used  in  dyeing,  calico  printing;  manufacture  of  lami-.blaok,  in  photogen  factories;  im- 
pregnating wood  with  tar  and  oil  of  tar;  surgica  dressing  industry.  Enters  body  by  action  on  the  epidermis 
and  the  digestive  tract.  S.vraDtoms:  Erosion  of  the  skin,  which  by  great  extension  may  lead  to  severe  in- 
ternal Injuries;  symptoms  "of  degeneration  in  the  blood  and  in  the  interna!  organs  (nephritis);  gangrene, 
ijterus,  collapse. 

Phenyihydrazsne — A  yellowish,  oily  fluid,  shading  into  brown,  of  pungent  odor.  A  by-product  in 
the  manufacture  ot  antipvrine  from  aniline;  manufacture  of  organic  compounds.  Enters  body  by  absorp- 
tion by  the  skin;  action  on  the  skin.  Symptoms:  Obstinate  vesicular  eruption  on  the  skin,  with  itching 
and  burning;  diarrhoea,  loss  of  appetite;  granular  degeneration  of  the  blood  corpuscles;  formation  ot  methae- 
moglobin; a  senise  of  general  malaise. 

Phosgene  (carbon  oxy chloride) — A  colorless  gas,  of  suffocating  odor.  Present  in  the  manufacture  of 
phosgene  and  its  use  for  the  production  ot  organic  compounds.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  through 
the  respiratory  organs.  The  flrst  symptoms  of  illness  sometimes  appear  on:y  after  many  hours.  By  means 
of  the  hydrochloric  acid  arising  from  the  deoomDCsition  of  the  gMes  in  the  lungs,  destruction  of  lung  tissue- 
results,  with  difficulty  of  breathing,  paralysis  of  the  lungs,  and  pulmonary  oedema.  A  fatal  outcome  is 
often  observed.  ,.     ,  ,  .  -,.,..      i,      .,, , 

Special  measures  of  ^-fiZfe/— Inhalation  of  oxygen  and  medical  attendance  Immsciately  after  breauilng 
the  pho.sgene  gas.  ,.  ,  j    ,         „      .„u 

Phosphorus — A  colorless,  transparent  substance;  on  exposure  to  light,  translucent  and  of  a  yellowish, 
waxy  lustre.  In  the  air  it  is  luminous,  and  when  heated  in  closed  Iron  crucibles  to  a  temperature  ranging 
from  250  to  300  degrees  C.  it  is  converted  into  red  or  amorphous  phosphorus,  which  is  unaffected  by  the  air. 
The  yellow  or  white  phosphorus  is  very  poisonous;  the  red,  non-poisonous.  Found  in  extraction  of  phos- 
phorus from  phosphorites  and  coprolites,  boneblack  (refuse  of  sugar  mills),  boneash  (refuse  of  meat  extract 
manufacture) ;  production  of  phosphorbronze,  of  phosphorus  compounds,  igniting  agents,  matches,  and  tar 
colors.  Enters  body  in  the  form  ot  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs;  into  the  digest. ve  canal  by  means 
ot  food  contaminated  by  the  fingers  action  on  the  skin.  Symptoms:  As  industrial  poisoning  It  occurs  oniy 
in  the  chronic  form,  occasioned  by  the  absorption  of  very  minute  particles  ot  the  poison  for  a  period  or  montcs, 
generallv,  indeed,  of  years.  Symptoms  of  the  disease  sometimes  flrst  appear  long  after  reliaquisnmeni  oi 
the  occupation.  It  is  doubtful  whether  chronic  phosphorism  occurs  (that  is,  general  systematic  poisoning 
by  phosphorus).  Chronic  phosphorus  poisoning  uniformly  affects  the  bones  of  the  face,  beginning  witn  in- 
flammation and  sclerosis  ot  the  bones  and  of  the  periosteuu;  then,  by  extension  of  t^e  suppurative  pr,^ceo«, 
necrosis  results.  This  most  frequently  attacks  that  portion  ot  the  alveolar  process  of  the  jawbone  wnicn  is 
least  protected  against  infection.  Swelling  and  ulcerations  on  the  gums  and  the  buccal  mucous  membrane, 
pain  even  in  the  sound  teeth,  loosening  and  falling  out  of  the  teeth,  m-lltration  of  board-like  hardness  occu.-s 


404  List  of  Industrial  Poisons — Continued. 

in  the  soft  parts  surrounding  tJie  jaw;  suppuration  and  destruction  of  tiie  Jawbone  (necrosis)  with  numeroua 
fistulous  channels  which  here  and  there  burrow  through  the  cheek.  Hand  In  hand  with  the  ulcerative  proc- 
esses go  osteoplastic  formations,  so  that,  while  suppurative  destruction  of  tissue  talses  place  at  one  point, 
at  another  the  formation  of  new  bone  is  going  on.  The  under  jaw  is  more  often  affected  than  the  upper; 
here  the  process  goes  on  Insidiously  without  formation  of  new  bone  but  with  local  destruction  of  the  part. 
The  palatal  and  orbital  bones  masf  be  attacked  with  ulceration  and  slirinking  of  the  eyeball.  By  extensioa 
of  the  inflammation  along  the  sheaths  of  the  vessels  there  result*  meningeal  inflammation  and  cerebral  ab- 
scess. There  is  remarkable  brittieness  of  the  bones,  decline  of  appetite,  pallid  complexion,  diarrhoea,  ema- 
ciation.    Sometimes  there  is  amyloid  degeneration  of  the  abdominal  organs.     Death  by  sepsis 

Special  measures  of  relief — To  the  utmost  possible  extent  the  prohibition  of  the  use  of  white  or  yellow 
phosphorus;  exclusion  of  laborers  that  have  dental  caries,  after  extraction  of  a  tooth  at  least  two  weeks* 
exclusion  from  the  employment;  change  of  occupation;  improvement  of  the  general  health;  there  is  no 
specific  medical  treatment:  in  appropriate  cases,  operative  intervention. 

Phosphorus  Sesqulsulphidc — A  grayish  yellow,  odorless  and  tasteless  substance.  Used  in  chemical 
factories.  Enters  body  by  inhalation  of  sulphurated  hydrogen  in  the  fusion  of  phosphorus  and  sulphur 
as  well  as  in  the  drawing  ofr  of  the  molten  mass  from  the  kettles;  dust  in  the  grinding  and  sifting  of  the 
paste;  bicarburet  of  sulphur  vapors  in  the  extraction  of  yellow  phosphorus  and  regeneration  of  carbon  sulphu- 
rate. Symptoms:  Irritation  of  the  mucous  membranes,  especially  conjunctivitis.  Through  the  influence  of 
dust  in  the  grinding  and  sifting  of  the  composition  there  appear  symptoms  of  poisoning.  To  be  noticed 
also  is  the  danger  of  poisoning  by  sulphureted  hydrogen.    (See  under  Sulphureted  Hydrogen.) 

Special  measures  of  relief — Prevention  of  the  contamination  of  phosphorus  sesquisulphide  with  yellow 
phosphorus:  precautions  against  injury  from  the  effects  of  sulphureted  hydrogen. 

Phosphureted  Hydrogen — A  colorless  gas  of  nauseating  odor.  Used  in  the  extraction  of  phos- 
phorus; in  the  preparation  of  red  phosphorus  and  the  sesquisulphide  of  phosphorus;  in  the  reduction  of 
iron  silicate  containing  phosphorus  by  the  action  of  moisture;  in  the  production  of  acetylene  with  calcium 
carbide  that  contains  an  admixture  of  calcium  phosphate.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas,  through  the 
respiratory  organs.  Symptoms:  An  anxious,  oppressed  feeling  in  the  chest,  changing  to  a  burning,  lan- 
cinating pain:  affections  of  the  head,  vertigo,  tinnitus  aurlum;  general  debility:  loss  of  appetite:  great 
thirst.     Death  occurs  witliout  convulsions,  through  the  effect  of  the  poison  on  the  blood. 

Picric  Acid — Trinitrophenol  in  a  pure  state  forms  pale-yellow,  bitter  tasting,  foliate,  metallic  crys- 
tals. Used  in  chemical  works,  dyehouses:  manufacture  of  explosives  and  powder  (lyddite,  melinite); 
projectile  factories.  Ailing  shops.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  dust,  through  the  respiratory  passages;  direct 
action  on  the  skin.  Symptoms:  Poisonings  with  picric  acid  are  rare;  when  they  occur  there  are  itching, 
inflammation  of  the  skin,  vesicular  eruption,  yellow  pigmentation  of  the  epidermis  and  of  the  conjunctiva. 
iMflammation  of  the  buccal  mucous  membrane,  bitter  taste,  disturbances  of  digestion,  epigastric  pain, 
nausea,  vertigo,  diarrhoea,  and  jaundice;  picric  acid  decomposes  the  -onst  tuents  of  the  blood.  By  the 
penetration  of  dust  Into  the  nostrils,  sneezing  and  nasal  catarrh  are  occasioned. 

Pyridine — A  colorless  fluid  of  pungent  and  characteristic  odor.  Its  homologues,  pyridine  bases. 
Used  in  its  manufacture  out  of  coal  tar  and  bone  tar;  in  the  use  of  denaturing  spirits  (shops  for  wood-working, 
(jilding,  and  hat  manufacture).  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs.  la 
a  fluid  state  it  acts  on  the  skin  of  the  hands  and  arms.  Symptoms:  Catarrh  of  the  mucous  membranes; 
lioarseness,  irritation,  and  choking  sensation  in  the  throat:  headache,  vertigo,  flaccidity  and  trembling 
or  the  extremities:  difficulty  of  breathing  and  clonic  convulsions;  eczema  of  the  han  Is.  Industrial  polson- 
iog  by  pyridine  Is  very  rare. 

Sulphur  Chloride — A  thlckish  fluid,  of  brownish  color  and  suffocating  odor  fuming  on  exposure  to 
ihe  air.  Used  as  a  solvent  for  sulphur  and  fats;  caoutchouc  and  patent  rubber  industry.  Enters  body  in 
the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms:  In  contact  with  water  and  atmospheric 
moisture,  it  is  resolved  into  hydrochloric  acid  vapor.  The  vapor  of  sulphur  chloride  is  suffocating;  if  in- 
gtsted,  it  excites  vomiting. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Wearing  ol  rubber  gloves;  instant  removal  of  the  patient  from  the  poison- 
ous atmosphere. 

Sulphur  Dioxide,  Sulphurous  Acid  (H2S03) — Its  anhydride  is  S02,  in  the  form  of  gas;  condensed,  it 
becomes  fluid.  The  gas  is  of  pungent  odor  and  suffocating  effect.  Present  in  roasting  of  sulphur-bearing  ores; 
brick  works,  ceramic  industry:  manufacture  of  sulphuric  acid,  of  ultramarine;  extraction  of  bones,  manu- 
facture of  glue  and  gelatine  from  bones:  disinfection:  refining  of  petroleum;  manufacture  of  candles:  bleach- 
ing of  wax,  silk,  and  wool;  chromium  tanning  (two-vat  process):  bleaching  of  straw  hats  and  bristles:  pre- 
serving wine  and  fruits;  fumigating  hops  and  casks  with  sulphur;  Ice  machines;  heating  plants  (burning 
ol  pyrite-bearing  coal).  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas,  through  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms: 
In  moderate  concentration  sulphurous  acid  is  borne  without  Inconvenience  or  injury;  persons  accustomed 
to  the  gas  bear  very  well  a  proportion  of  0.003  to  0.004  per  cent,  in  the  air.  Susceptible  persons,  at  the 
beginning  of  their  employment  in  an  atmosphfere  containing  sulphurous  acid  manifest  a  transient  irritation 
ef  the  mucous  membrane  of  the  respiratory  organs  and  of  the  eyes.  In  its  severe  action  there  is  spasmodic 
cough  with  secretion  of  tenacious,  often  blood-tinged,  mucus.  The  protracted  effect  of  a  high  degree  of  con- 
centration is  livid  discoloration  of  the  mucous  membranes,  bronchial  catarrh,  croupous  angina  of  the  bronchi 
and  their  branches,  and  •  inflammatory  areas  in  the  lungs;  disturbances  of  digestion. 

Special  measures  of  relief — Removal  from  the  noxious  atmosphere;  admission  of  fresh  air;  artificial 
respiration:  infusion  of  weak  alkaline  solutions  (0.()5  to  0.1  per  cent,  liquor  natrii  caustici  [solution  of  caustic 
soda]. 

Sulphureted  Hydrogen,  or  Hydrlc  Sulphide  H2S — A  colorless  gas  having  the  fetid  odor  of  rotten 
eggs.  Present  In  blast  furnace  plants,  in  granulating  the  alag;  distillation  of  auiohur  waters:  ultramarine  works- 
Leblanc  soda  and  chemical  factories;  in  the  manufacture  of  the  compounds  of  sulphur  and  phosphorus; 
sulphur  metals  (manufacture  and  use):  sulphide  of  soda  and  sulphide  of  barium  industry  (manufacture 
of  sulphide  colors  and  dyeing  with  these) :  the  extraction  of  cellulose  (straw  and  wood) :  in  the  waste  waters 
of  industries  which  make  use  of  organic  substances:  sedimentation  tanks  of  sugar  works;  precipitation  o' 
soda  residua  containing  calcium  sulphide;  work  in  sewers,  latrines,  and  dung  pits;  illuminating  gas  plants; 
flax  retteries;  tanneries.  Enters  body  in  the  form  of  gas,  through  the  respiratory  organs,  as  pure  hydrlc 
sulpliide  gas;  often  found  in  admixture  with  other  gasses  (with  C02,N,NH4,  and  carbureted  hydrogen); 
direct  action  on  the  conjunctiva.  Symptoms:  In  the  less  violent  cases  there  are  gastric  distress,  nausea,  fetid 
eructations,  irritation  and  inflammation  of  the  conjunctiva:  rarely,  erosion  of  the  cornea,  formation  of  vesicles 
on  the  lips,  irritating  cough,  headache,  and  a  sensation  of  giddiness.  In  long  continued  inhalation  convul- 
sions and  paralysis  occur.  In  severe  cases  there  are  contraction  of  the  pupils,  slowing  of  the  pulse,  Cheyne- 
Stokes  respiration,  nystagmus,  trismus,  and  tetanus.  With  a  very  high  proportion  of  sulphureted  hy- 
drogen in  the  air  a  man  suddenly  falls,  becomes  unconscious,  and  dies  without  convulsions  (apoplectic 
form).  Chronic  Poisoning — Conjunctival  catarrh:  a  sense  of  pressure  in  the  head  and  on  the  chest:  head- 
ache, debility,  vertigo,  nausea,  disturbances  of  digestion;  sallow  complexion  and  emaciation;  slowing  of 
the  pulse:  tendency  to  the  formation  of  bolls. 

Special  measures  of  relief — iscfore  emptying  of  dung  pits  and  the  like,  their  contents  should  be 
thoroughly  mixed  with  iron  sulphate  (.5kg  pro  1  cbm):  the  emptying  should  be  effected  by  mechanical 
apparatus;  safety  ropes  to  be  attached  to  the  workmen;  prompt  hoisting  out  of  the  unconscious  workmen: 
removal  of  the  soiled  clothing;  artifloi.al  respiration;  administration  of  oxygen;  hypodermics  of  ether  or 
camphor. 

Sulphuric  Acid  H2SO'{ — A  color'.oss,  odorless,  thick,  oily  fluid.  Present  In  the  manufacture  of  sul- 
j>Uurlc  acid;  accumulator  factories  (mould  and  charging  rooms) ;  burnishing  ol  iron,  steel,  etc.;  textile  industry 


Fatigue  in  British  Munition  Works.  405 

LIST  OF  INDUSTRIAL  FOISOSH— Continued. 

hat  lactories;  petroleum  distillation;  factories  lor  the  manufacture  of  powdered  fertilizers.  Enters  body 
in  the  form  of  vapor,  through  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms:  Inflammatory  diseases  of  the  respira- 
tory organs  (acute  and  chronic  catarrh),  innammation  of  the  lungs;  anorexia;  decalcification  of  the  bones 
(according  to  Lewin);  injury  to  the  teeth  through  softening  of  the  dentine.  As  a  result  of  the  bespatter- 
ing of  the  skin  there  is  severe  pain,  a  whitish  discoloration  of  the  skin,  becoming  brown'sh,  with  reddening 
and  swelling  of  the  surrounding  ti.ssues;  in  cases  of  extensive  scalds  there  are,  ultimately,  decomposition 
ol  the  blood,  formation  of  ulcers  of  the  duodenum,  somnolence,  and  even  death. 

Tar — A  product  obtained  by  dry  distillation,  p.articularly  of  anthracite  coal  and  Henite,  Used  in 
manufactui-e  of  illuminating  gas;  coke  ovens;  tar  works;  tar  product  factories;  plants  for  wood  preserv- 
ing; manufacture  of  roofing  paper;  used  for  concrete  paving;  painting  of  metals;  as  a  fuel;  briQuet  factories. 
It  acts  on  the  skin;  in  the  form  of  vapor,  on  the  respiratory  organs.  Symptoms:  Tar  itcii  under  the  form 
of  diffuse  acne,  eczema  or  psoriasis,  primarily  on  the  upper  extremities,  later,  also,  on  the  other  parts  of 
the  body;  not  Infrequently  "on  the  irritated  portions  of  the  skin  there  appear  cancroid  ulcers  (among  chim- 
ney sweepers,  paratHn  and  soot  workers  and  briquet  makers).  Together  with  the  effect  on  the  greater 
portion  of  the  skin,  there  are  also  general  symptoms:  Loss  of  appetite,  nausea,  diarrhea,  headache,  uumb- 
nes.s,  vertigo,  besides  distiu-bances  of  the  urinary  bladder  (ischuria,  strangury),  also  albuminuria  and  oedema. 

Turpentine  Oil — A  mixture  of  various  terebinthine  hydrocarbons,  C10H16,  dilfering  in  odor  and  iu 
composition  according  to  the  botanical  species  from  which  they  are  severally  derived.  Used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  varnish,  cement,  lacquer,  sealing  wax,  colors:  tapestry  printing;  trade  of  decorator,  lacquerer,  and 
house  painter;  as  a  cleansing  agent  in  various  industries.  ICnters  body  in  the  form  of  vapor,  it  acts  upon  the 
raucous  membranes;  in  a  fluid  state,  it  acts  on  the  epidermis.  Symptoms:  Irritation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  eyes,  of  the  nose  (coryza),  and  of  the  upper  a'r  passages  (hemming,  cough,  brouchial  inllara- 
mation);  salivation;  besides,  there  are  insensitiveness,  giddiness,  headache.  Prolonged  action  of  the  oil 
causes  irritation  of  the  kidnej'S,  and  then  these  organs  excrete  urine  having  the  odor  of  violets.  Severe 
irritation  of  the  skin  is  excited,  especially  by  the  so-called  pine  oil  (Russian  oil  of  turpentine). 


HEAT    PRODUCTJOH    SW    THE    HUTvlAN    BODY. 

(From  a  Bulletin  of  the  United  States  Depaitmcnt  of  Labor.) 
THOUGH  the  temperature  ci  the  body  in  henith  fluctuates  somewhat  during  the  day,  it  Is  ciaintained 
in  rather  narrow  limits  ),y  j-cgulation  of  the  amount  of  body  heat  produced  and  the  amount  lost.  The 
normal  temperature  oi  the  body  (aljout  98.5°  F.)  is  an  expression  of  the  resulting  balance  between  heat 
production  and  heat  less.  Tlie  heat  produced  by  the  body  is  the  result  of  the  chemical  processes  involved 
in  vital  activity  in  general  or  tlie  metaboUsm,  which  is  supported  by  the  food,  drink,  and  air  consumed. 
Kighty  per  cent,  of  the  food  eaten  goes  to  furnish  body  heat.  AH  energy  spent  in  the  body  Anally  becomes 
heat. 

Variations  in  lieat  iiroduction— >Thile  the  amount  of  heat  produced  within  the  body  can  never  sink 
below  a  certain  minimum,  tlie  amount  wlU  vary  according  lo  the  character  and  e.xtent  of  the  metabolic 
processes  taking  place  within  the  tissues.  Muscular  tissue  exceeds  all  others  in  the  amount  of  heat  produced 
because  of  its  mass  and  activity.  Therefore,  an  increase  in  muscular  activity,  i.  o.,  physical  work,  will 
add  much  to  the  amount  of  heat  produced  by  the  body.  The  increase  in  the  amount  of  body  heat  produced 
by  muscular  activity  is  the  most  important  from  an  industrial  standpoint.  Other  sources  of  heat  pro- 
duction, cuch  as  glandular  activity,  should  be  kept  in  mind.  The  amount  of  heat  produced  by  such  activity 
depends  upon  the  quantity  and  composition  of  food  eaten. 

The  loss  of  heat  by  the  body  is  a  physical  process  and  takes  place  by  conduction  and  convection,  by 
radiation,  and  by  evaporation.  Heat  is  also  lost  to  some  extent  in  raising  food  and  drink  to  the  temperature 
o?  the  body,  though  this  lo.ss  is  insignificant  compared  with  the  losses  mentioned  above.  Without  means 
by  which  the  ijody  heat  could  be  lost  as  it  is  produced,  tlie  temperature  of  the  body  v.'oiild  soon  rise  to  a 
degree  at  which  bioplasm  is  destroyed  and  life  must  cease.  ViTien  the  loss  of  bods'  heat  Is  only  partially 
prevented,  severe  symptoms  rapidly  ensue.  Under  ordinary  conditions  ol  temperature  and  humidity, 
the  percentage  of  total  heat  loss  is  as  follows:  By  radiation,  convection,  and  conduction  and  cutaneous 
evaporation,  about  SO  per  cent.:  by  pulmonary  evaporation,  about  15  per  cent.;  by  healing  the  air  inhaled, 
jibout  2.5  per  cent.;  while  about  a  similar  amount  is  lost  in  heating  the  food  and  drink.  The  amount  lost 
by  conduction  will  depend  upon  the  relative  temperature  of  the  surface  of  the  body  and  the  substance 
with  v;hich  it  is  in  contact.  Should  this  jubstance  be  air,  anotlier  factor  is  introduced^ — its  rata  of  motion. 
The  rate  of  heat  loss  by  radiation  depends  upon  t'le  specific  radiating  power  of  the  surface  oi  the  body  and 
upon  the  difference  in  temperature  between  the  latter  and  surrounding  objects,  while  that  lost  by  evapora- 
tion will  depend  upon  the  amount  of  sweat  evaporated,  which  in  turn  depends  upon  the  temperature,  relative 
humidity,  and  rate  of  motion  of  air.  The  rate  of  heat  transfer,  other  conditions  being  equal,  diminishes 
as  the  temperature  ol  the  air  rises.  The  rate  of  heat  loss  by  evaporation  diminishes  as  the  relative  humidity 
increases.  As  a  general  effect  ol  diminished  heat  loss  the  temperature  of  the  skin  is  raised,  i.  e.,  its  specific 
radiating  power  is  increased,  which,  besides  aiding  in  evaporation,  facilitates  heat  transfer.  A  decrease 
in  the  amount  of  heat  lost  by  one  meaiis  is  compensated,  to  a  certain  extent,  by  an  increase  In  the  rate 
oT  that  lo§t  by  another.  The  effects  ol  long  continued  exposure  to  this  hazard  are  slow  and  insidious,  and 
ai  evidenced  in  degenerative  changes,  such,  as  arthritic  and  muscular  rheumatism,  chronic  skin  disorders, 
and  arteriosclerosis.  In  addition,  long-continued  exposure  to  excessive  heat  will  gradually  but  surely 
lower  the  general  physical  tone  of  a  worker. 


FATIGUE    IN    BRITIS.H    IVIUNITION    WORKS. 

(Summary  of  Findings  of  the  Royal  Com.mission.) 
FOR  a  group  of  27  meL  engaged  in  heavy  labor  an  Increase  in  both  hourly  output  and  total  output 
accompanied  a  reduction  in  actual  hours  of  work  from  61.5  to  56.2  per  v;eek.  For  a  group  of  nine  boys 
engaged  in  heavy  labor  a  marked  increase  in  both  hourly  output  and  total  output  followed  a  reduction 
in  actual  hours  ol  work  from  68.3  to  60.9  per  week.  For  a  group  of  23  men  engaged  in  moderately  heavy 
labor  an  increase  In  the  actual  hours  of  work  from  47.8  to  59.7  per  week  was  accompanied  by  some  decrease 
in  the  hourly  rate,  but  by  a  decided  increase  in  total  output.  For  another  group  of  22  men  engaged  in  mod- 
erately heavy  labor  a  reduction  in  actual  hours  of  work  from  60.3  to  51.8  per  week  was  accompanied  by 
a  substantial  Increase  in  the  hourly  rate,  and  by  practically  maintained  total  output.  For  a  group  ol  100 
women  engaged  in  moderately  heavy  labor  a  reduction  in  actual  hours  ol  work  from  68.2  to  59.7  per  week 
was  accompanied  by  a  pronounced  increase  in  the  hourly  rate  and  by  a  considerable  increase  in  total  out- 
put. For  a  group  ol  17  boys  engaged  in  light  labor  a  reduction  Irom  75.6  to  59.4  actual  hours  per  week 
brought  only  a  moderate  increase  in  the  hourly  output  and  caused  a  sharp  decrease  in  total  output.  Total 
output  under  70.9  actual  hours  was,  liowever,  practically  as  large  as  that  under  75. G.  For  a  group  ol  21 
women  engaged  in  light  labor  a  reduction  in  actual  hours  Irom  67.4  to  53.1  per  week  was  loUowed  by  a 
heavy  decrease  in  total  output;  a  subsequent  increase  to  69.8  hours,  however,  gave  practically  the  same 
output  as  had  been  obtained  from  67.4  hours. 


406        Copper  and  Lead  Production  in  the  U.  S.,  1820-1917. 


MINERAL  PRODUCTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

(By  the  Geological  Survey;  Geo.  Otis  Smith,  Director.) 


"T 


RODUCT. 


METALLIC 

Aluminum 

Antlmonial  lead,  abort  tons 

(2,000  lbs.) 

Bauxite 1.  t.   (2,240  lbs.) 

Cadmium lbs 

Chromic  iron  ore 1.  t. 

Copper lbs. 

Gold troy  oz. 

Iron:  Ore 1.  t 

Pig 1. 1 

Lead  (refined) s.  t 

Manganese  ore  (40%  or  more 

Mn.) 1.  t 

Manganlferous  ore  (5  to  W',, 

Un.) 1. 1 

Plat'm&  allied  met's.troy  oz 

gulclisilver ; flasks 

Silver troy  oz. 

Till  (metallic  equivalent  J  lbs. 
Zinc,  sales  value s.  t. 

NON-MKTALLIC. 

Arsenious  oxide s.  t. 

Asbestos s.  t. 

Asphalt s.  t. 

Barytes  (crude) s.  t. 

Bora.x  (crude) s.  t. 

Bromine lbs. 

Calcium  chloride s.  t. 

Cement bbls. 

Clay:  Products 

Raw s.  t. 

Coal:  Bituminous s.  t. 

Penn.  anthracite 1. 1 

Coke 3.  t 

Diatomaceous  earth  &  tripoli 
Emery  and  corundura . .  .s.  t 

i^eldspar s.  t 

i''iu(irspar s.  t 

FullTs   earth s.  t. 


Quantityr 


20,000 

568,690 

207,408 

43,725 

1,886,120,721 

4,051,440 

75,573,181 

38,612,546 

540,000 

115,000 

859,000 

38,831 

35,954 

71,740,36: 

ISO.OOO 

584,597 

6,151 

1,683 

782,713 

206,888 

108,875 

895,499 

30,503 

91,342,930 


4,301,000 

551,790,56: 

88,939, ir 

55,606,828 


17,135 
141,924 
218,828 

72,870 


Value. 


Dollars. 
45,882,000 

4,600,000 

3,119,058 

305,097 

1,049,400 

514,911,000 

83,750,700 

238,260,333 

1,053,785,975 

99,000,000 

3,220,000 

5,154,000 

4,023,757 

3.780,675 

59,078,100 

111,000 

119,258,000 

1,118,313 

506,056 

8,470,615 

1,171,184 

3,609,632 

492,703 

451,480 

123,210,458 

248,023,368 

9,285,000 

1,249,272,837 

233,650,723 

298,243,017 

123,784 

241,050 

728,838 

2,287,722 

776,632 


PKODUCT. 


NON-METALLIC Con. 

Garnet  lor  abrasive  pur- 
poses  s.  t 

Gems  and  precious  stones . . . 

Graphite:  Amorphous . .  .s.  t. 
Crystalline lbs. 

Grindstones  and  pulpstones . 

Gypsum s.  t. 

Lime s.  t. 

Magneslte  (crude) s.  t. 

Mica:  Scrap e.  t. 

Sheet lbs. 

Millstones 

Mineral  waters.  . .  .gals,  sold 

Natural  gas 

Natural-gas  gasoline. . . .  gals. 

Oilstones,  etc 

Peat 

Petroleum bbls. 

Phosphate  rock 1. 1. 

Potash s.  t. 

Pumice s.  t. 

Pyrite 1.  t. 

Salt s.  t. 

Sand:  Glass s.  t. 

Molding,  building,  etc., 
and  gravel s.  t. 

Sand-lime  brick 

Silica  (quartz) s.  t. 

Slate 

Stone 

Sulphuric  acid  (60°  Baume) 
from  copper  and  zinc 
smelters 8.  t 

Talc  and  soapstone  (ex- 
clusive ol  flbroustalc)  s.  t. 

Talc,  fibrous s.  t. 

Unspecified,  metallic  and 
non-metallic    (estimate) 


Quantity. 


4,995 


8,301 
10,584,080 


2,696,226 

3,786,364 

316,838 

3,250 

1,216,816 


46,784,419 


335,315,601 

2,684,287 

32,573 

35,293 

403,662 

6,978,177 

1,942,675 

74,468,100 


142,673 


1,455,257 

144,177 
74,671 


Value. 


Dollars. 
198,327 
131,012 

73,481 

1,094.398 

1,147,784 

10,495,343 

23,807,877 

2,899,818 

48,965 

708,381 

43,489 

4,931,710 

140,000,000 

40,188,956 

168,704 

709,900 

522,635,213 

7,771,084 

13,980,577 

84,814 

2,485,435 

19,940,442 

2,685,014 

32,628,433 

1,420,330 

318,069 

6,749,966 

82,215,671 


16,890,545 

1,411,416 
881,462 

26,000,000 


ITS   earth s.  t. in.uiu iin.Mi I 

.Sulphuric  acid  figures  include  119,048  tons  o!  stronger  acid,  reported  as  oleum,  etc.,  not  converted 
30^  Baume. 


10  CO^  Baume. 


OOPPER    AND    LEAD    PRODUCTiOM    IN    THE    UMITED    STATES,  1 820-1 91 7a 

\EAR   (CAL.) 

Copper. 

Lead. 

Year  (Cal.) 

Copper. 

Lead. 

YEAR  (Cal.) 

Copper. 

Lead. 

L.  Tons. 

S.  Tons. 

L.  Tons. 

S.  Tons. 

L.  Tons. 

S.  Tons. 

1820 

1,500 

1876 

19,000 

64,070 

1897 

220,571 

212,000 

1830 

8,000 

18/7 

21,000 

81,900 

1898 

235,050 

222,000 

1840 

100 

17,000 

1878 

21,500 

91,060 

1869 

253,870 

210,500 

1850 

650 

22,000 

1879 

23,000 

92,780 

ISOO 

270,588 

270,824 

1855 

3,000 

15,800 

1880 

27,0C0 

97,825 

1901 

268,782 

270,700 

1860 

7,200 

15,600 

1881 

32,000 

117,085 

1902 

294,423 

270,000 

1861 

7, .500 

14,100 

1882 

40,467 

132,890 

1903 

311,627 

282,000 

1862 

9,000 

14,200 

1S83 

51,574 

143,957 

1904 

352,739 

307,000 

1863 

8,500 

14,800 

1884 

64,708 

139,897 

1905 

402,637 

307,514 

1864 

8,000 

15,300 

1885 

74,052 

129.412 

1906 

409,735 

336,200 

1865 

8,500 

14,700 

1886 

70,430 

130,629 

1907 

387,945 

352,381 

1866 

8,900 

16,100 

1887 

81,017 

145,700 

1908 

420,791 

311,666 

1867 

10,000 

15,200 

1888 

101,054 

151,919 

1909 

487,925 

352,839 

1868 

11,600 

16,400 

1889 

101,239 

156,397 

1910 

482,214 

375,402 

1869 

12,509 

17,500 

1890 

115,966 

143,630 

1911 

489,836 

391,995 

1870 

12,600 

17,830 

1891 

126,839 

178,554 

1912 

655,031 

392,517 

1871 

13,000 

20,000 

1892 

154,018 

173,305 

1913 

546,645 

411,878 

1872 

12,500 

25,880 

1893 

147,033 

163,982 

1914 

513,454 

512,794 

1873 

15,500 

42,540 

1894 

158,120 

162,686 

1915 

619,647 

507,026 

1874 

17,500 

52,080 

1895 

169,917 

170,000 

1916 

860,647 

552,228 

1875 

18,000 

59,640 

1896 

205,384 

188,000 

1917 

842,018 

640,000 

'WORLD'S   PRODUCTION    OF    PLATINUM   (IN  TROY  OUNCES). 
(By  the  United  States  Geological  Survey.) 


COUNTRY. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912. 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

Borneo  and  Sumatra 

200 

30 

10,000 

332 

275,000 

390 

200 

50 

15,000 

1,500 

250,000 

483 

Canada 

30 

12,000 

470 

300,000 

628 

30 

12,000 

778 

300,000 

721 

30 

17,500 

1,248 

241,200 

570 

100 

18,000 

303 

124,000 

742 

60 
25,000 

222 
63,900 

750 

80 

Colombia 

32,000 

New  South  Wales  &  Tasmania 
Russia 

'  50,666 

ISnited  States 

605 

Total 

285,952 

313,128 

313,629 

267,233 

260,548 

143,145 

89,932 

82,685 

Iron  and  Steel  Statistics. 


t07 


IRON    AND    STEEL    STATISTSCS, 

(By  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  and  the  American  irou  and  Steel  Institute.) 
IRON^ORE  MINED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  IN  -GROSS  TONS;  ALSO  TMPORTS.  ETC. 


YEAR. 


1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1903-. 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910...... 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 


Hematite. 


9,056,288 
10,527,650 

9,327,398 
11,646,619 

8,272,637 

9.347,434 
12,513,995 
12,576,288 
14,413,318 
16,150,684 
20,004,399 
22,708,274 
24,006,025 
30,532,149 
30,328,654 
23,839,477 
37,.567,055 
42,481,375 
46,060,486 
31,788,564 
46,208,640 
51,-367,007 
39,626.224 
51,345,782 
57,933,251 
38,286,670 
52,227,324 
70,728,024 


Brown 
Ore. 


2,523,087 
2,559,938 
2,757,564 
2,485,101 
1,849,272 
1,472,748 
2,102,358 
2,126,212 
1,961,954 
1,989,681 
2,869,785 
3,231,089 
3,016,715 
3,305,484 
3,080,399 
2,146,795 
2,546,662 
2.781,063 
2,957,477 
2,620,390 
2,839,265 
2,993,744 
2.032,094 
1,614,486 
1,682,083 
l,537,7o0 
1,4S8,70P 
1,904,434 


Mag 
netite. 


Carbon- 
ate. 


2,506,415 
2,570,838 
2,317,108 
1,971,065 
1,. 330,8813 
•  972,219 
1,268,222 
1,211,520 
1,059,479 
1,237,978 
1,727,430 
1,537,551 
1,813,076 
1.688,860 
1,575,422 
1,038,840 
2,390,417 
2,460,294 
2,079,007 
1,547,797 
2,229,839 
2,631,835 
2,202,527 
2,179,533 
2,357,274 
1,610,203 
1,807,002 
2,533,304 


432,251 

377.617 

189,108 

192,981 

134,834 

S7,27S 

73,039 

91,423 

83,295 

55,373 

81,559 

76,247 

51,003 

27,642 

34,833 

19,212 

21,999 

17,996 

23,539 

26,585 

16,527 

22,320 

15,707 

10,340 

7,849 

5,13 

3,455 

1,800 


Total. 


14,518,041 
16,030,043 
14,591,178 
16,296,066 
11,587,629 
11;879,079 
1.5,957,614 
10,005,449 
17,518,046 
19,433,716 
24,083,173 
27,553,161 
28,887,479 
35,554,135 
35,019,308 
27,644,330 
42,.520,133 
47,749,728 
51,720,619 
35,983,330 
51,294,271 
57,014,906 
13,876,552 
55,150,147 
61,989,437 
41,439,761 
55,526,490 
,75,167,672 


Ore 

Imports 


Ore 
Exports. 


853,573 

1,246,830 

912,864 

806,585 

526.951 

167,307 

524,153 

682,806 

489,970 

187,208 

674,082 

897,831 

960,950 

1,165,470 

980,440 

487,613 

845,051 

1 ,060,390 

l,22<1,16d 

776,898 

1,694,937 

2,591.031 

l,Sn,732 

2,104,570 

2, .594. 770 

1,350,.5S8 

1,341,281 

1,325,730 

1,151.0861 


40.605 

51,460 

64,703 

88,445 

80,011 

213,865 

208.017 

205,240 

278,608 

309,059 

455,934 

748,875 

768,386 

1,195,742 

1,042,151 

551,618 

707,641 

1,183.952 

1.024,940 


Ore  Con- 
sumption . 


366,562 
302,025 
476,989 
032,687 
616,412 
600,393 
203,255 
765,128 
380,184 
708,604 
513,903 
722,583 
357,171 
886,921 
232,399 
224,910 
433,138 
355,343 
879,998 
473,208 
,080,428 
,246,129 
245,089 
031,118 
297,956 
,613,448 
,286,058 
211.154 


PIG    IRON    PRODUCTION.    FIRST    H.A.LI''    OF    1913. 
All  kinds — 13,227,730  gross  tons  (17,533,932  ton.5  coke,  120,404  ton.s  .aathrac.  and  colce,  173,394  tons 

Basic  Pig  Iron — GOi  7,692  tons,  divided  as  follows:  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  658,750;  Pennsylvania 
(Allegheny  Conutv),  1,694,024;  other  Pennsylvania  counties,  2,157,676;  Virf.ii::a,  Alabama,  Kentucky, 
625,019;  Ohio,  1,544,630;  Indiana,  Illinois,  1,617,329;  Michigan,  Minnesota,  :\ii?.-?ouri,  Colorado.  Hasn- 

Bessem'er  and  Low  Phosphorus — 6,006,007  tons,  oi  which  Pennsylvania  had  2,003,066  tons  and  Ohio 

'     Foundry  Pig  Iron  and  Ferro-Silicon — 2,518,721  tons,  of  which  Alabama  h?.d  502,^51  louc:. 
Malleable  Pig  Iron — 607,318  tons,  of  which  Ohio  had  212,567  tons. 
Forge  Pig  Iron — 197,636  tons,  of  which  Pennsylvania  had  74,457  tons. 
.Splegeleisen  and  Ferro-Manganese— 237,228  tons,  of  wliieh  85,177  tons  was  spieaeleisc-n. 

MANGANESE    ORE    PRODUCED    IN    UNITED    STATE.S. 


Year. 


1838-1879 

1880 

1881 

1882 

1883 

1884 

1885 

1886 


Long 
Tons. 


43,860 

5,761 

4,895 

4.532 

6.155 

10.180 

23.258 

30.193 


Year. 


1887. 
18SS. 
=1889. 
1890. 
1891, 
1892, 
1893, 
1894, 


Long 
Tons. 


34,524 
29,19S 
24,197 
19,287 
22,452 
13,613 
7,718 
6,308 


YE.\B. 


1895. 
lS9i>. 
1897, 
1893. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902, 


J,^oug 
Tons. 


9,547 

:io,oss 

11,108 
15,957 

9,935 
11,771 
11,995 

7,477 


\EAR. 


1903 . 
190>. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 


Long 
Tons. 


2,825 
3,146 
4,118 
6,921 
5,604 
6,144 
1,544 
2,258 


Year. 


1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


■  I 


Long 
Tons. 


2,457 
1,664 
4,043 
2,635 
9,709 
27,000 
115,000 


IRON    ORE    SHIPiMK.NTS    JbHOM    CUBA. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

YE4R. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gloss 
Tons. 

Veah. 

Gross 
Tons. 

1884 .... 
1885.... 
1886 .... 
1887 .... 
1888 .... 
1889 .... 
1890.... 

25,295 
80,716 
112,074 
94,240 
206,061 
260,291 
363,842 

1891 

1892.... 
1893.... 
1894.... 
1895.... 
1898.... 
1897.... 

264,262 
341,654 
351,175 
156.826 
382.494 
412,995 
454,285 

1898 163,921 

1899 373,22,^ 

1900 448,066 

1901 652,389 

1902 699,734 

1903....        623.527 
1904.,,.        387,273 

1905 

1906.... 

1997 

1908 

1909.... 
1910.... 
1911.  ... 

661,159 
640,574 
650,174 
620,836 
936.132 
1,462,498 
1,163,714 

i9'2 

1913.... 
191. t.  ... 

1915 

191G 

1917... . 

1,397,797 
1,582,431 
821,110 
827,448 
712,716 
013,308 

CRUDI 

:    ZINC    PRODUCTION    IN    UNITED    STATKr^. 

Year. 


1880 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 


Short 
Tons. 


23,239 
33,765 
36,872 
38,544 
40,688 
42,641 
50,340 
55,903 


YEAR 


1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894, 
1895. 
1896. 


Short 
Tons 


58.860 
63,683 
80,873 
87,260 
78,832 
75,328 
89.686 
81,499 


Ye.\r. 


1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904, 


Short 
Tons. 


99,980 
115,399 
129,051 
123,886 
140,822 
156,927 
159,219 
186,702 


Year. 


1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 


Ml  on 
Tons. 


203,849 
199,684 
223,745 
190.749 
230,225 
252,479 
271,021 


YEAR. 


10!2 

1013! 

1914. 

1915. 

1915. 

1917. 


Short 
Tons. 


323,907 
337,252 
343,418 
458,135 
'563,561 
574.994 


Zinc  exports  In  the  year  ended  June  30,  1917,  were:     Dross,  10,692  766  poun^;spdter   367,311,387 

pounds.    Exports  In  year  ended  June  30,  1918:    Ore,  none;  dros.s.  3,761,844  poimds;  speltei.  13,662,14J 
pouEds;  rolled,  1,919,789  pounda 


408 


Ore  Production  of  Lake  Superior  District. 


ORE    PRODUCTION    OF    LAKE    SUPERIOR    DISTRICT. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  production  of  the  Lake  Superior  District,  by  ranges.  The  figures 
prior  to  1872  were  collected  by  A.  P.  Swlneford,  editor  Marquette  Mining  Journal;  those  for  1872  to  1877. 
inclusive,  are  from  the  Michigan  IMineral  Statistics:  those  for  1878  to  1888,  inclusive,  were  collected  by 
W.  J.  Stevens;  and  the  later  ligures  were  collected  by  the  United  States  Geological  Survey.  The  figures 
of  ore  shipped  out  are  from  the  Iron  Trade  Review. 
IRON     ORE     PRODUCED     IN     MARQUETTE    RANGE    AND     IN     TOTAL    LAKE     SUPERIOR 

DISTRICT;  AND  SHIPMENTS  OF  ORE  FROM  WHOLE  DISTRICT  IN  GROSS  TONS. 


Mar- 

Total 

Ship- 
ments. 

Mar- 

Total           ci,:„        , 

Mar- 

Total 

Ship- 
ments. 

Year. 

quette 
Range. 

Dis- 
trict. 

Year. 

quette 
Range. 

Dis- 
trict. 

ments. 

YEAR. 

quette 
Range. 

Dis- 
trict. 

1854-'69. 

3,112,209 

3,112,209 

2,983,272 

1886 .... 

1,627,383 

3,571,574 

3,568,022 

1902 .... 

3,734,712 

26.977,404 

27,571,121 

1870 .... 

859,507 

859,507 

830.940 

1837  .... 

1,851,717 

4,731,235 

4,730,577 

1903 .... 

3,686,214 

26,573,271 

24,289,878 

1871.... 

813,984 

813.984 

779,607 

1888 .... 

1,918,672 

5,055,411 

5,063,693 

1904 .... 

2,465,448 

20,198,311 

21,822,839 

1872 .... 

948,553 

948,553 

900,901 

1889 .... 

2,631,026 

7,519,614 

7,292,754 

1905 .... 

3,772,645 

33,325,018 

34,384,116 

1873 .... 

1,195,234 

1,195,234 

1,162,458 

1890 .... 

2,863,848 

8,944,031 

9,012,379 

1906 .... 

4,070,914 

37,876,371 

38,565,762 

1874 .... 

899,934 

899,934 

919,557 

1891 .... 

2,778,482 

7,621,465 

7,062,233 

1907 .... 

4,167,810 

41,526,579 

42,266,668 

1875.... 

881,166 

881,166 

891,257 

1892 .... 

2,848,552 

9,564,388 

9,069,656 

1908 .... 

3,309,917 

28,108,079 

26,014,987 

1876 .... 

993,311 

993,311 

992,764 

1893 .... 

2,064,827 

6,594,620 

6,060,492 

1909 ... . 

4,291,967 

41,863,635 

42,586,869 

1877 .... 

1,014,754 

1,025,129 

1,015,087 

1894 .... 

1,935,379 

7,682,548 

7,748,932 

1910.... 

4,631,427 

46,328,743 

43,442,397 

1378 .... 

1,033.082 

1,111,110 

1,111,110 

1895 .... 

1,982,080 

10,268,978 

10,429,037 

1911.... 

3,743,145 

35,550,225 

32,793,130 

1879  .... 

1,130,019 

1,375,691 

1,375,691 

1896 .... 

2,418,846 

10,566,359 

9,934,828 

1912.... 

3,545,012 

46,368,878 

48,221,546 

1880  . . . . 

1,384,010 

1,908,745 

1,908,745 

1897  . . . . 

2,673,785 

12,205,522 

12,469,638 

1913.... 

3,977,808  52,377,362 

49,947,116 

1881 . . . . 

1,579,834 

2,300,505 

2,306,505 

1898  . . . . 

2,987,93C 

13,779,308 

14,024,673 

1914.... 

3,320,763  33,540,403 

32,729,726 

1882  . . . . 

1,829,394 

2,965,412 

2,965,412 

1899 . . . . 

3,634,596  17.802.955 

13,251,804 

1915.... 

3,817,892  46,944,2.'5'l 

47,272,751 

1883  . . . . 

1,305,364 

2,353,227 

2,353,288 

1900 . . . . 

3,945,068  20,564,235 

19,059,393 

1916.... 

4,792.987  63,735,085 

66,658,466 

1884  . . . . 

1,559,912 

2,518.690 

2,518,692 

1901 . . . 

3,597,089  21,445,903 

20,589,237 

1917.... 

4,638,374  63,481,32! 

1885 . . . . 

1,430,862 

2,467,962 

2,466,372 

IRON  ORE  MINED   AT  GOGEBIC  AND  VERMILION  RANGES 

,  GROSS  TONS. 

Goge- 

Vermil- 

Goge- 

Vermil- 

Goge- 

Vermil- 

Goge- 

Vermil- 

Year. 

bic. 

ion. 

Year. 

bic. 

ion. 

Year, 

bic. 

ion. 

Year. 

bic. 

ion. 

1884  .... 

1,022 

62,122 

1893 .... 

1.466.S15 

815,735 

1902 .... 

3,683.792 

2,057.532 

1911.... 

3,099.197 

1.336,938 

183,-) .... 

119,590 

227,075 

1S94.... 

1.533.451 

1,055,229 

1903 .... 

3,422,34! 

1,918.584 

1912 .... 

3,926,632 

1,457,273 

1886 .... 

756,237 

307,948 

1895.... 

2.625,475 

1,027,103 

1904 .... 

2.132,898 

1,056,430 

1913.... 

4,743,515 

1,536,115 

1887  .... 

1,285,265 

394,910 

1896 .... 

2,100,398 

1.200,007 

1905 .... 

3,344,551 

1,578,626 

1914.... 

4,601,240 

1,362,416 

1888 .... 

1,433,689 

511,953 

1897 .... 

2,163,038 

1,381,278 

1906 .... 

3,484,023 

1,794,186 

1915  .... 

4,996,237 

1,541,646 

1839 .... 

2,147,923 

864,508 

1898 .... 

2,552,205 

1,125,538 

1907 .... 

3,609,519 

1,724,217 

1916.... 

7,707.101 

1,704,440 

1890 . . . . 

2,914,081 

891,910 

1899  . . . . 

2,725,648 

1,643,984 

1908  .... 

3,241,931 

927,206 

1917.... 

7,881,232 

1,481,301 

1891 .... 

2,041,754 

945,105 

19B0.... 

3,104,033 

1.675,949 

1909 . . . . 

3,807,157 

1,097,444 

1892 . . . . 

3.053,1761  1,226,2201 

1901.... 

3,041.869 

1.805.996 

1910.... 

4,746,818 

1,390.360 

Iron  ore  mined  in  Cuyuua  range  in  gross  tons — (1911), 
(1914),  776,051:  (1915),  1.120,606;  (1916),  1,555,641. 


181,224;   (1912),  3o9,  739;   (1913),  744,007 


IRON    ORE 

MINED    IN    MENOMINEE    RANGE— GROSS    TONS. 

YEAR. 

Gross 
Tons. 

YEAR. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

YEAR. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

1877 .... 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881.... 
1882.... 
1883 .... 
1884.... 
1885. ... 

10,375 

78,028 

245.672 

524.735 

726,671 

1,136,018 

1,047,863 

895,634 

690,435 

1S86 .... 
1887. ... 
1888. ... 
1889.  ... 
1890.... 
1891 .... 
1892.... 
1893.... 
1894.  .. . 

880,006 
1,199,343 
1,191,097 
1,876,157 
2,274,192 
1,856,124 
2,402,195 
1,563,049 
1,255,255 

1895.  ... 

1896.  ... 

1897 

1898..,. 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903.  ... 

1,794,970 
1,763,235 
1,767,220 
2,275,664 
3,281,422 
3,680,738 
3,697,408 
4,421,250 
4,093,320 

1904 

1905..  .  ,  . 

1906 

1907 .... 

1908 

1909 

1910.... 

2,871,130 
4,472,630 
4.962,357 
4,779,592 
2,904,011 
4,789,362 
4,983,729 

1911..    . 
1912.  ... 
1913.... 
1914.... 
1915.... 

1916 

1917.... 

4.062,778 
4,465,466 
4,997.246 
3,671,499 
4,665,465 
6,649,578 
0,366,483 

The  1917  production  at  the  Cayuna  Range  was  1,986,608  gross  tons. 

IRON    ORE    MINED    AT    MESABI    RANGE— GROSS    TONS. 


YEAR. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

Year. 

Gross 
Tons. 

1892 .... 
1893.... 
1894.... 
1895.... 
1896.... 
1897.  ... 

29,245 
684,194 
1,913,234 
2,839,350 
3,082,973 
4,220,151 

1898. ... 
1899.  ... 
1900... 
1901 .... 

1902.  ... 

1903.  ... 

4,837,971 
6,517,305 
8,158,450 
9,303,541 
13,080  118 
13,452,812 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 .... 

11,672,405 
20,156,566 
23,564,891 
27,245,441 
17,725,014 
27,877,705 

1910.... 
1911.... 

1912 

1913.... 

30,576,409 
23,1:^6,943 
32,604,756 
36,378,671 

1914.... 
1915.... 
1916.... 
1917.... 

19.808,434 
30.802.409 
41,325,341 
41,127,323 

PIG  IRON  MANUFACTURED   IN  UNITED  STATES,   1810-1900— GROSS  TONS. 


YEAR. 

Quantity . 

Year. 

Quantity . 

Year. 

Quantity . 

Year. 

Quantity . 

Year. 

Quantity. 

1810 

53,908 

1850 

563,755 

1865. ... 

831,770 

1878.... 

2,301,215 

1890.... 

9,202,703 

1820.... 

20,000 

1852.  .. . 

500,000 

1866 

1,205,663 

1879.... 

2,741,853 

1891.... 

8,279,870 

\S2i 

130,000 

1854. .. . 

657,337 

1867.... 

1,305,023 

1880.... 

3,835,191 

1892 .... 

9,157,000 

1829.... 

142,000 

1855 

700,150 

1868. ... 

1,431,250 

1881.... 

4,144,254 

1893.... 

7,124,502 

1830.... 

165,000 

1856. ... 

788,515 

1869 

1,711,287 

1882.... 

4,623,323 

1894 

6,657,388 

1831 .... 

191,000 

1857 

712,640 

1870.... 

1,665,179 

1883.  ... 

4,595,510 

1895 

9,446,308 

1832.  ... 

200,000 

1858 

629,548 

1871 .... 

1,706,793 

1884.... 

4,097,868 

1896 

8,623,127 

1840.... 

286,903 

1859.  ... 

750,560 

1872.  ... 

2,548,713 

1885.... 

4,044,526 

1897 

9,652,680 

1842.... 

215,000 

I860.... 

821,223 

1873 

2,560,963 

1886.... 

5,683,329 

1898.... 

11,773,934 

1846.... 

765.000 

1861... . 

653,164 

1874 

2,401,262 

1887 

6,417,148 

1899.... 

13,620,703 

1847 .... 

800.000 

1862 .... 

703,270 

1875 

2,023,733 

1888 

6,489,738 

1900.... 

13,789.242 

1848 

800,000 

1863 .... 

846,075 

1876... . 

1.868,961 

1889 

7,603,642 

1849 

650,000 

1864.... 

1,014.282 

1877 .... 

2,066.594 

I                1 

Production  of  Pig  Iron  in  U.  S.  hy  Grades,  1900-1917.        409 


PRODUCTION    OF 

P8C    IRON 

m  u.  s 

.SY    GRADES,  1D00-191". 

Year. 

Basic. 

Bessemer. 

Foundry. 

Malleable. 

Forge. 

AU  Otber. 

Total. 
Gross  Tons. 

1900 

1,072,376 

1,448,850 

2,038,590 

2,040,726 

2,483,104 

4,105,179 

5,018,674 

5,375,219 

4,010,144 

8,250,225 

9,084,608 

8.520,020 

11,417,886 

12,536.693 

9.670.687 

13.093,214 

17.684.087 

17.671.662 

7,979.327 

9,596,793 
10,393,168 

9,989,908 

9,098,659 
12,407,116 
13,840,518 
13,231,620 

7,216,976 
10,557,370 
11,245,642 

9,409,303 
11,664,015 
11,590,113 

7,859,127 
10,523,306 
14,422,457 
13,714.732 

3,376,445 
3,548.718 
3,851,276 
4,409,023 
3,827,229 
4,758,038 
4,773,011 
5,151,209 
3,637,622 
5,322.415 
5,260.447 
4,468,940 
5,073,873 
5,220.343 
4.533,254 
4,843,899 
5,553,644 
5,328,258 

173,413 
256,532 
311,458 
473,781 
263,629 
635,236 
699,701 
920,290 
414,957 
658,048 
843,123 
612,533 
825,643 
993,736 
671,771 
829,921 
921,486 
1,015,579 

793,092 
639,454 
833,093 
783,016 
650,836 
727,817 
697,420 
683,167 
457,164 
725,624 
664,157 
408,841 
469,183 
324,407 
361,651 
316,214 
348,344 
345,707 

394,589 
388,007 
393,722 
312.798 
273.676 
358.994 
377.867 
419.856 
199,155 
281,789 
305,590 
229,910 
276,337 
300,860 
235,7.'54 
309,659 
504,779 
571,459 

13,789,242 

1901 

15,878,354 

1902 

17,821,307 

1903 

]8,009,2.''i2 

1904 

16,497,033 

1905 

22,992,380 

1906 

25,307,191 

1907 

25,781,361 

1908 

15,936,018 

1909 

25,795,471 

1910 

27,303,567 

1911 

23,649,547 

1912 

29,720,937 

1913 

30,966,162 

1914 

23.332.244 

1915 

29,916,213 

1916 

39,434,797 

1917 

38,647.397 

PIG  IRON  MANUFACTURED  IN  PRINCIPAL  COUNTRIES  IN  GROSS  TONS. 


Country. 


United  States 

Germany 

Great  Britain . . . , 

France 

Russia 

Austria-Hungary. 
Belgiiun 


1850. 


563.755 
350,000 
2,300,000 
405,653 
227,555 
250.000 
144.452 


1900. 


13.789,242 
8,381,373 
8,959,691 
2,660,966 
2,889.789 
1.472,695 
1,001.872 


1910. 


27,303,567 
14,559,509 
10,217,022 
3,974.478 
2,992,058 
2,153,788 
1,822,821 


1915. 


29,916,213 
11,603,874 
8,793,659 
4,000,000 
3,638,000 
1,929,000 


Country. 


Canada 

Sweden 

Spain 

Italy 

Other  countries . 


Total . . . 


1850. 


150,000 


■10,000 
4,401,415 


1900. 


86,090 
518.263 
289.315 

23.569 
100,000 

40,181.865 


1910. 


740,210 
694.385 
367,423 
347,657 
400,000 


65,472.918 


1915. 


825,420 
755,000 
421,000 
389,000 
500,000 


62,771,160 


PRODUCTION    OF   PIG    IRON    BY    STATES.    1913-1917— GROSS  TONB. 


States. 


Massachusetts,  Connecticut . 

New  York,  New  Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

Virginia 

Alabama 

W.  Va.,  Ky.,  Ga.,  Miss 

Tennessee 

Ohio 

Illinois 

Indiana,  Michigan 

Wisconsin,  Minnesota 

Mc,  Iowa,  Col..  WaiSh.,  Gal. 


Total 30,966,152 


1913. 


12,810 

2,187,620 

12,954,936 

289,959 

341,815 

2,057,911 

316,731 

280,541 

7,129.525 

2,927,832 

1,775,883 

367,320 

324,263 


1914. 


6,594 

1.559.864 

9,733,369 

195,594 

271,228 

1,826,929 

236,393 

216,738 

5,283,426 

1,847,451 

1,557,355 

329,526 

267,777 


23,332,244 


1915. 


7,802 

2,104,780 

12,790,668 

261,548 

251,346 

2,049,453 

291,040 

177,729 

6,912,962 

2,447,220 

1,986,778 

372.966 

271.921 


29.916.213 


1916. 


5.719 

2,352,635 

16,506.284 

501.452 

399,885 

2,762,885 

564.690 

356,374 

8,602.895 

3,922,512 

2,221,708 

811.325 

437.633 


39,434,797 


1917. 


10,527 

2.417,527 

15,539,728 

422,212 

520,311 

2,953,705 

561,951 

369,951 

8,518,603 

3,483,096 

2,657,503 

738,541 

453,742 


38,647,397 


AMOUNT  OF  TIN   IMPORTED   INTO  THE  UNITED  STATES,   1900-1917. 


Year. 


1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 


Quantity 
(Short 
Tons.) 


50,477 
41,257 
41,267 
47,662 


Value. 


837,447,315 
32,074,263 
23,923,560 
27,558,546 


Year. 


1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 


Quantity 
(Short 
Tons.) 


52,528 
63,527 
68.016 
62.329 


Value. 


833,913,255 
43,346,394 

50,372,478 
46,927,213 


Year. 


1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


Quantity 
(Short 
Tons.) 


47,530 
57,792 
69.035 
73,908 


Value. 


S32.881.619 
38,736.909 
51.802.232 


WORLD'S   PRODUCTION   OF  TIN. 


Country  . 


Federated  MaLiy  States..  . 
Brit.  Prot'd  Malay  States. , 

Bolivia 

Banca 

Bllliton 

'China 

Siam 


1914. 


64,927 
4,000 
25,039 
15,650 
4,480 
9,000 
7,600 


1915. 


62,378 
4,600 
24,409 
15,426 
6,440 
9,000 
8,700 


1916. 


49,134 
4,900 
23,508 
16,294 
5,600 
9,000 
9,400 


Country. 


Nigeria 

Australia 

Cornv/all 

Union  of  South  Africa. 
Other  countries 


Total. 


1914. 


6.059 
5.400 
5,663 
2,200 
1,500 


140,518 


1915. 


5,102 
5,400 
5,664 
2,260 
1,000 


140,279 


1916. 


6,684 
5,000 
4,200 
2,100 
1,500 


136,320 


TIN  PLATE  PRODUCTION— IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS. 


Year 


1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 


Production. 


Pounds. 

732.289.600 

808,360,000 

677,969.600 

894,411,840 

806,400,000 

1,075,200,000 

1,026,384,851 

1,105,440,000 

1,293,740,000 

1,153,097,000 


Exports, 
Domestic. 


Pounds. 

205,910 

319,579 

1,367.405 

'  2.405.812 

1,655.146 

8.107,666 

22,990,816 

,25,967,137 

19,894,288 

33,622.717 


Imports. 


Pounds. 
108.484,826 
147,963,804 
117,880,  12 
198,996,086 
109,913.293 
126,909.360 
161,066.820 
120.819.732 
142,529,40.') 
140.739.972 


Year. 


1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917.. 


Production. 


Pounds. 
1,203,075,000 
1,370,788,001) 
1,619,005,000 
1,756,070,000 
2,157,055,000 
1.845,130,000 
2,085,980,000 
2,365.295.700 
3.360,000,000 


Exports;, 
Domestic. 


Pounds. 

11,411,104 

26,168,315 

70.199.298 

181.899.36G 

164.362.281 

105.899,762 

179.221.644 

516,257,473 

521,861,259 


Imports. 


Pounds. 

117,312,174 

154,566.599 

95.319,730 

6,613,253 
28.344,243 
48,877,947 
10,642,237 

1,796,853 

1,370,462 


Figures  include  terne  plates  and  taggers. 


410 


Steel  Produced  in  the  United  States  in  Gross  Tons. 


STEEL 

PRODUCED 

IN    THE    UNITED    STATES 

IN    CROSS    TONS. 

Year 

Bes- 

Open- 

Cruci- 

Other 

Total. 

Year 

Bes- 

Open- 

Cruci- 

Other 

Total. 

(Cal'dar) . 

semer. 

hearth. 

ble. 

Steel. 

(Cal'dar)  . 

semer. 

hearth. 

ble. 

Steel. 

1810 

917 
11,838 
8,075 

917 

11,838 

8,075 

1890 

1891 

1892 

3,688,871 
3,247,417 
4,168,435 

513,232 
579,753 
669,889 

71,175 
72,586 
84.700 

3,793 
4,484 
4,548 

4,277,071 

1860.  . 

3,904,240 

1863 

4,927,581 

1864 

9,258 
13,027 
16,940 
16,964 

9,258 
13,627 
16,940 
19,643 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

3,215,686 
3,571,313 
4,909,128 
3,919,906 

737,890 

784,936 

1,137,182 

1,298,700 

63,613 
51,702 
67,606 
60,689 

2,806 

4,081 

858 

'2,394 

4,019,995 

1865 

4,412,032 

1866 

6,114,834 

1867 

2,679 

5,281,689 

1868 

7,589 

19,197 

26.786 

1897 

5,475,315 

1,608,671 

69,959 

3,012 

7,156,957 

1869 

10,714 

893 

19,643 

31,250 

1898 

6,609,017 

2,230,292 

89,747 

3,801 

8,932,857 

1870 

37,500 

1,339 

29,911 

68,750 

1899 

7.586,354 

2,947,316 

101,213 

4,974 

10,639,857 

1871 

40,179 

1,785 

31,250 

73,214 

1900 

6,684,770 

3,398,135 

100,562 

4,862 

10,188,329 

1872 

107,239 

2,679 

26,125 

6,911 

142,954 

1901 

8,713.302 

4,656,309 

98,513 

5,471 

13,473,595 

1873 

152,308 

3,125 

31,059 

12,244 

198,796 

1902 

9,138,363 

5,687,729 

112,772 

8,386 

14,947,250 

1374 

171,309 

6,2,50 

32,436 

5,672 

215,727 

1903 

8,592,829 

5,829,911 

102,434 

9,804 

14,534,978 

1875 

335,283 

8,080 

35,180 

11,256 

389,799 

1904 

7,859,140 

5,908,166 

83,391 

9,190 

13,859,887 

1376 

469,639 

19,187 

35,163 

9,202 

533.191 

1905 

10,941',375 

8,971,376 

102,233 

8,963 

20,023,947 

1877 

500,524 

22,349 

36,098 

10,647 

569,618 

1906 

12,275,830 

10,980,413 

127,513 

14,380 

23,398,136 

1873 

653,773 

32,255 

38,309 

7,640 

731,977 

1907 

11,667,549 

11,549,736 

131,234 

14,075 

23.362,594 

1879 

829,439 

50,259 

50,696 

4,879 

935,273 

1903 

6,116,755 

7,836,729 

63,631 

6,132 

14.023,247 

1880 

1,074,262 

100,851 

64,664 

7,558 

1,247,335 

1909 

9,330,783 

14,493,936 

107,355 

22,947 

23,955.021 

1881 

1,. 374, 247 

131,202 

80,145 

2,720 

1,588,314 

1910 

9,412,772 

16,504.509 

122,303 

55,335 

26,094,919 

1882 

1,514,687 

143,341 

75,973 

2,691 

1,736,692 

1911 

7,947,854 

15,598,650 

97,653 

31,949 

28,676,106 

1883 

1.477,345 

119,356 

71,835 

4,999 

1,673,535 

1912 

10,327,901 

20,780,723 

121,517 

21,162 

31,251,303 

1884 

1,375,531 

117,515 

53,270 

4,563 

1,550,879 

1913 

9.545,706 

21,599,931 

121,226 

34,011 

31,300,874 

1885 

1,519,430 

133,376 

57,599 

1,515 

1,711,920 

1914 

6,220.846 

17,174,684 

89,809 

27,631 

28,513,060 

1886 

2,269,190 

218,973 

71,973 

2,307 

2,562,503 

1915 

8,287,213 

33,679,102 

113,782 

70,939 

32,151,036 

1887 

2,986,033 

322,069 

7M75 
7(n79 

5,594 

3,339.071 

1916 

11.059,039 

31,415,427 

129,692 

169,522|42,773,689 

1888 

2,511,161 
2,930,204 

314,318 
374,543 

3  682 

2,899,410 

1917 



1889 '..'.'.'.'. 

75,865 

5,120 

3,385,732 

PRODUCTION  IN  U.  S.  OF  STEEL  RAILS  AND  OTHER  STEEL  SHAPES— GROSS  TONS. 


Yeah 
(Calendar) , 


Iron  and     Plates  and 
Steel  Rails.      Sheets. 


3887 

1888 

1889 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 


139,640 
403,700 
522,204 
885,307 
307,176 
551,844 
136,458 
021,772 
306,135 
122,010 
647,892 
981,241 
272,700 
385,682 
874,639 
947,933. 
992,477 
284,711 
375,929 
977,887 
633,654 
,921,015 
023,845 
636,031 
822,790 
327,915 
502,780 
945,095 
204,203 
,854,518 
,944,161 


603.355 

609.827 

716.496 

809,981 

678,927 

751,460 

674,345 

682,900 

991,459 

965,776 

1,207,286 

1,448,301 

1,903,505 

1,794,.528 

2,254,425 

2,665,409 

2,599,665 

2,421,398 

3,532,230 

4,182,156 

4,248,832 

2,649,693 

4,234,346 

4,955,484 

4,488,049 

5,875,080 

5,751,037 

4,719,245 

6,077,694 

7,453,980 


Nail 
Plate. 


308,432 

289,891 

259,409 

251,828 

223.312 

201,242 

136,113 

108,262 

95,085 

72,137 

94,054 

70,188 

85,015 

70,245 

68,850 

72,936 

64,102 

61,601 

64,542 

54,211 

62,027 

45,747 

63,746 

45,294 

48,522 

45,331 

37.503 

38,573 

31,929 

30,088 


Wire  Rods 


279,769 

363,851 

457,099 

536,607 

627,829 

537,272 

673,402 

791,130 

623,986 

970,736 

1,071,683 

1,036.398 

846,291 

1,365,934 

1,574,293 

1,503,455 

1,699,028 

1,808,088 

1,871,614 

2,017,583 

1,816,949 

2,335.685 

2,241,830 

2,4.50,453 

2,653.553 

2,464,807 

2,431,714 

3,095,907 

3,518,746 


Structural 
Shapes. 


453,957 

387,307 

360,305 

517,920 

495,571 

583,790 

702,197 

850,376 

815,161 

1,013,150 

1,300,326 

1,095,813 

949,146 

1,660,519 

2,118,772 

1,940,352 

1,083,181 

2,275,562 

2.266,890 

1,912,367 

2,846,487 

3,004,972 

2,031,124 

2,437,003 

3,029,964 


Finished  Total, 

Products.     Gross  Tons. 


2,184,279 
2,034,162 
2,374,968 
2,618,660 
2,644,941 
2,579,482 
2,104,190 
1,795,570 
2,487,845 
2,236,361 
2,497,970 
3,239,760 
4,146,425 
3,575,536 
4,772,329 
5,383,219 
4,952,185 
4,597,497 
6,398,107 
7,383,828 
7,972,374 
4,311,608 
7,711,506 
8,475,750 
7,316,990 
9,908,475 
10,030,144 
7,204,444 
10,546,188 
15,493,093 


5,235,706 

4,617,349 

5,236,928 

6,022,875 

5,390,963 

6,165,814 

4,975,685 

4,642,211 

6,189,574 

5,515,841 

7,001,728 

8,513,370 

10,294,419 

9,487,443 

12,349,327 

13.944.116 

13,207,697 

12,013,381 

16,840,015 

19,588,468 

19,864,822 

11,828,193 

19,644,690 

21,621,279 

19,039,171 

24,656,841 

24,791,243 

18,370,196 

24,392,924 

32,380,389 


Rolled  blooms  and  billets  for  forging  purposes  are  included  from  1905,  while  semi-flnished  products 
rolled  for  export  are  included  for  1912  and  subsequent  years.  Prior  to  1892  structural  shapes  were  included 
in  "all  other  finished  rolled  products." 

Two-thirds  of  the  rails  produced  now  weigh  85  pounds  or  over  a  yard,  and  one-quarter  or  the  rails 
weigh  100  pounds  or  over  a  yard. 

STEEL    RAIL   EXPORTS   AND    IMPORTS. 


Year 
(Fiscal)  . 

Exports, 
Domestic. 

Imports. 

Year 

(FlSCAI/) . 

Exports, 
Domestic. 

Imports. 

Year 
(Fiscal)  . 

Exports, 
Domestic. 

Imports. 

1867-1870... 
1871-1880... 
1881-1890... 
1891-1895... 
1896-1900... 

1901 

1902 

1903 

Tons. 

299 

2,549 

4,655 

13,735 

199,612 

374,978 

167,456 

22,977 

Tons. 

191,210 

169,838 

97,731 

865 

2,494 

1,091 

15,017 

122,444 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

7'ons. 
162,407 
409,507 
345,826 
291,322 
278,867 
234,128 
369,578 

Tons. 
53,358 
17,025 
9,635 
4,610 
2,839 
1,292 
7,030 

1911. • 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

Tons. 
391,428 
417,547 
453,145 
338,613 
159,587 
540,919 
594.389 

Tons. 

4,297 

3,297 

5,024 

15.507 

55,092 

53,944 

14,067 

Pennsylvania  Anthracite  Shipments  from  Mines  to  Markets.  41  i 


PEI^SNSYLVANIA    ANTHRACITE    SHIPiViENTS    FROM    RdSNES    TO    MARKETS. 

Yeah. 
(Cal'dar) 

Tons. 

1       i'EAE. 

(Cal'dar) 

Tons. 

Yeai; 
(Cal'dar) 

1860 

Tons. 

Year. 
(Cal'dar) 

1880 

Tons. 

Year. 
(CaVdar) 

Tons. 

1820 

365 

1840 

864,379 

8,513,123 

23,437,242 

1899 

47,065.204 

1821 

1,073 

1841 

959,773 

1861 

7,954,264 

1881 

28,500,017 

1900 

45.107.464 

1822 

3,720 

1842 

1,108,412 

1862 

7,869,407 

1882 

29,120,096 

1901 

53,568.601 

1823 

6,951 

1843 

1,263,593 

1863 

9,566,006 

1883 

31,793,027 

1902 

31,200.890 

1834 

11,108 

1844 

1,630,850 

1864...  .-. 

10,177,475 

1884 

30,718.293 

1903 

69,362,831 

1825 

34,893 

1845 

2,013,013 

1865 ..... 

9,652,391 

1885 

31,623,530 

1904 

57,492,522 

1826 

'18,047 

J846 

2,344,005 

1866 

12,703,882 

1886 

32.136,362 

1905 ■ 

61,410,201 

1827 

63,434 

1847 

2,882,309 

1867 

12,988,725 

1887 

34,641,018 

1906 

55,698.595 

1828 

77,516 

1843 

3,089.238 

1868 

i;i,801,465 

1888 

38,145,718 

1907 

67.109.393 

1829 

112,083 

1849 

3.242,966 

1869 

13,866,180 

1889 

35,817,093 

1908 

64,665.014 

1830 

174,734 

1850 

3,358,899 

1870 

16,182,191 

1890 

36,615,459 

1909 

61,969,885 

1831 

176,820 

1851 

4,448,916 

1871 

15,699,721 

1891 

40,448,336 

1910 

64.905,786 

1832 

363,271 

1852 

4,993,471 

1872 

19,669,778 

1892 

41,893.320 

1911 

69,951,299 

1833 

487,749 

1853 

5,195,151 

1873 

21,227,952 

1893 

43,080,537 

1912 

63,905,823 

1834 

376,636 

1854 

6,002,334 

1874 

20,145,121 

1894 

41,391,200 

1913 

67,773,327 

1835 

560,758 

1S55 

6,608,567 

1875 

19,712,472 

1895 

46,511,477 

1914 

69,511,110 

1838 

684,117 

1856 

6,927,580 

1876 

18,501,011 

1896 

43.177,485 

1915 

67,883,776 

1837 

869,411 

.1857 

6,644,941 

1877 

20,828,179 

1897 

41,637,864; 

1916 

67,376,364 

1838 

738,697 

1358 

6,839,369 

1878 

17,605,262 

1898 

41,899.752 

1917 

77,133.305 

1839 

818,402 

1859 

7,808,255 

1879 

26,142,689 

ANTHRACITE    SHIPMENTS,    JANUARY-AUGUST.    1918,    BY    MONTHS. 


Months. 

1918. 

1917. 

Months. 

1918. 

1917. 

MONTH^^ 

1918.            1917. 

Jan 

Feb 

March 

April 

Tons. 
5,638,383 
5,812,082 
7,276,777 
6.368.373 

Tons. 
5,940.725 
5,178,432 
6,989,075 
5.592,299 

May 

June 

July 

Tens.' 
6,887,256 
6,867,669 
7,084.775 

Tons. 
6.917.525 
7.049.037 
6.724,252 

Aug 

Tons. 
..   7,180,923 

Tn7is. 
7,013.996 

Total.  . 

..53,116.238 

51,505,341. 

ANT 

HRACITE  S 

HIPMEN1 

"S,   BY'   ROADS. 

Railroad. 


Phila.  &  Reading . . . . 

Lehigh  Valley 

Central  of  N.  J 

Lackawanna 

Delaware  &  Hudson . 

Pennsylvania 

Erie 

N.  Y.,  O.  &  W 

Lehigh  &  New  Eng . . 

Total •. . . 


1905. 


J.,ong  tons. 
12,574,502 
10,072,120 
7.983,274 
9,554.046 
4,890,035 
6,225,622 
5,640,528 
2,864,096 
1,605,378 


61,410,201 


1910. 


Long  tons. 
12,445,733 
11,195.765 
8,510,135 
9,589,076 
6,578,350 
6,250,976 
7,554,198 
2.772,547 


64,905.786 


1913. 


I.O!;g  tons. 

12,914.887 

13,011.370 

9,092,433 

9,903,541 

7,094,258 

6,351,750 

8,192,352 

2,509,031 

703,699 


67,773.327 


1914. 


Lono  tons. 
11.998,779 
13,136,759 
8.924,936 
9,912,578 
7,313,514 
6,434,937 
8,268,585 
2,352,486 
1,168.609 


69.511,110 


1915. 


Long  tons. 
11,488,444 
12,932,526 
8,017,816 
9,579,053 
8,016,988 
6,124,596 
7,874.062 
2.088.577 
1.761,714 


67,883.776 


1916. 


Long  tons. 

12.842.731 

12.056,078 
7.135.544 

10.638,.50O 
7,096.297 
5,841,475 
7,718,089 
1,945,030 
2,653,964 


67,376,364 


1917. 


Long  tons. 

14,910,240 

13,969,507 
8,286,640 

12,409,120 
8,533,716 
5,610,846 
8,841,894 
2,010,724 
3,949,172 


77,133,305 


In  1905  the  Lehigh  &  New  England  tonnage  was  credited  to  the  Delaware,  Susquehanna  &  Schuylkill 
road:  in  1910  there  was  no  separate  note  of  the  L.  &  N.  E.  shipments.  The  totals  for  1915,  1916  and  1917 
do  not  agree  with  additions  of  the  several  items  because  of  subtraction  of  650,314  tons  in  1916  and  1,308,554 
tons  in  1917,  due  to  duplication  of  tonnage  reported  by  C.  R.  R.  of  N.  J.  and  L.  V.  reads. 

CO.'VL  EXPORTS  AND   IMPORTS. 


YEAR.     .Anthrac 
(Fiscal.)  Imports. 


1S96... 
1897... 
1893... 
1899... 
1900... 
1901... 
1902... 
1903... 
1904... 
1905... 
1906... 
1907... 


Tons. 

149,748 

86,978 

5,851 

601 

156 

1 

295 

340,849 

30,873 

64,812 

36,708 

.23,113 


Antiirae. 
Exports. 


Tons. 
1,394,381 
1,274,417 
1,326,582 
1,571,581 
1.777,319 
1.912.080 
1,570,490 
1,388,653 
2,048,1.54 
2,312,082 
1,970,401 
2,481,920 


Bitum. 
Imports. 


Tons. 
1,239,543 
1,283,589 
1,268,279 
1,251,512 
1,700,765 
1,973,134 
1,936,290 
3,519,843 
1,940,962 
1,514,500 
1,818,758 
1,687,081 


Bitum. 
E.xports. 


Tons. 
2,246,284 
2,384,069 
2,682,414 
3,480,352 
5,411,329 
5,763.469 
5,400,694 
5,210,3'22 
6,434,713 
6,707,788 
7,155,592 
8,812,332 


Year.     Anthrac 
(Fiscal.)    Imports. 


1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912..., 

1913 

1914 

1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
191S. .. 


Tons. 
24,907 
4,585 
1,746 
8,339 
2.189 
1,670 
8,124 
8,637 
7,216 
1,761 
11.557 


Anthrac. 
Exports. 


Tons. 
3.837.778 
2,869,762 
2,9,53,633 
3,146,388 
2,979,102 
4,625,481 
3.959,114 
3,682,188 
3,878,478 
4,635,134 
4.842,109 


Bitum. 
Imports. 


Tons. 
1,975,625 
1,224,999 
1,623,073 
1,755,242 
1,299,106 
1,576,889 
1,348,156 
1,417,566 
1,595,119 
1,282,790 
1,391,535 


Bitum. 
Exports. 


Tons. 
9,8«4,957 
9,018.867 
10,413,439 
11,839,099 
14,709,847 
16,083,101 
15,704,966 
14,412,995 
18.749,684 
19,533,705 
21,052,057 


COKE  PRODUCED  IN 
(By  the  U.   S. 


U.  S.  IN  LONG  TONS. 
Geol.   Survey.) 


Year. 
(Fiscal.) 


1895... 
1896... 
1897... 
1898.,. 
1899... 
1900... 
1901 . . . 
1902... 
1903. . . 
1904... 
1905... 
1906... 


Produc- 
tion. 


Tons. 
8,217,528 
11,905,102 
10,525,690 
11,865,164 
14.327,865 
17,561,222 
18,333,346 
19,460,610 
22,680,110 
22,566,322 
21,125,938 
28.777,794 


Net 
Imports. 


Tons. 

24,394 

44,610 

26,223 

37,432 

51,435 

56,444 

75,103 

99,465 

122,630 

123,124 

195,9.52 

157,577 


Total. 


Tons. 
8,241,922 
11,949,712 
10,551,913 
11,902,596 
14,379,300 
17,617,666 
18.408,449 
19.560.075 
22.802.746 
22,689,446 
21,321,940 
28,935,371 


Dora'stic 
Exports. 


Tons. 
98,509 
130,070 
155.972 
212.021 
215.513 
363.202 
365,888 
402,495 
380,038 
479,431 
550,188 
679,773 


Year. 
(Fiscal.) 


1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


Produc- 
tion. 


Tons. 
32,501,087 
36,410,325 
23,244,213 
35,102,737 
37,240,009 
31,742,401 
39,271,070 
41,338,866 
30,853,495 
37,126,026 
31.664,893 
49,648,953 


Net 
Imports, 


Tons. 

129,163 

119.196 

169,902 

128,197 

143,984 

65,687 

102,715 

112,528 

88.735 

59,753 

24,782 

29,097 


Total. 


Tons. 
32,630,250 
36,529,521 
23,414,115 
35,230,934 
37,383,993 
31,808,088 
39,373,785 
41,451,394 
30,942,230 
37,185,779 
31,689,675 
49,678,050 


Dom'stic 
Exports. 


Tons. 
823,040 
763,809 
765,535 
872,013 
946,474 
805,819 
900,672 
742,476 
602,473 
976,398 
1,170,824 
1.337,321 


The  production  is  of  the  calendar  year  preceding  the  fiscal  year. 


412 


Coal  Production  hy  States,  Net  Tons. 


COAL    PRODUCTION    BY    STATES,  NET    TONS. 


Year. 


1891. 
1802. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


Virginia. 


736,399 
675,205 
820,339 
1,229,083 
1,368,324 
1.254,723 
1,528,302 
1,815.274 
2,105,791 
2,393,754 
2,725,873 
3,182,993 
3,451,307 
3.410,914 
4,275,271 
4,254,879 
4,710,895 
4,259,042 
4,752,217 
6,507,997 
6,864,667 
7,846,638 
8r828,068 
7,959,535 
8,122,596 
9,707,474 
10.087,091 


Kentucky, 


2,916.069 

3,025,303 

3,007,179 

3.111,192 

3,357,770 

3,333,478 

3,602,097 

3,887,908 

4,607,255 

5,328,964 

5,469,986 

6,766,984 

7,538,032 

7,576,482 

8,432,523 

9,653,647 

10,753,124 

10,246,553 

10,697,384 

14,623,319 

14,049,703 

16,490,521 

19,616,600 

20,382,763 

21,361,674 

25,393,997 

27,807,971 


Illinois. 


15,660,698 
17,862,276 
19,949,564 
17.113,576 
17,735,864 
19,786,626 
20,072,758 
18,599,299 
24,439,019 
25,767,981 
27,331,552 
32,939,373 
36,957,104 
36,475,060 
38,434,363 
41,480,104 
51,317,140 
47,659,690 
60,904,990 
45,900,246 
53,679,118 
59,885,226 
61,618,744 
57,589,197 
58,829,576 
66,195,336 
86,199,387 


Ohio. 


12,868,683 
13,562,927 
13,253,646 
11,909,850 
13,355,806 
12,875,202 
12.196,942 
14,516,867 
16,500,270 
18,988.150 
20,943,807 
23,519,894 
24,838,103 
24,400,220 
25,552,950 
27„  73 1,640 
32,142,419 
26,270,639 
27,939,641 
34,209,668 
30,759,986 
34,528,727 
36,200,527 
18,843,115 
22,434,691 
34,728,219 
40,748,734 


Pa.,  bitum.  Missouri, 


42,788,490 

46,694,576 

44,070,724 

39,912,463 

50,217,228 

49,557,453 

54,417,974 

65,165,133 

74,150,175 

79,842,326 

82,305,946 

98,.574,367 

103,117,178 

97,938,287 

118,413,637 

129,293,206 

150,143,177 

117,179,527 

137,966,791 

150,521.526 

144,561,257 

161,865,488 

173,781,217 

147,983,294 

157,955,137 

170,295,424 

172,448,142 


2,674,606 
2,733,949 
2,897,442 
2,245,039 
2,372,393 
2,331,542 
2.665,626 
2,688,321 
3,025,814 
3,540,103 
3,802,088 
3,890,154 
4,238.586 
4,168,308 
3,983,378 
3,758,008 
3,997,936 
3,317,315 
3,756,530 
2,982,433 
3,836,107 
4,339,856 
4,318,125 
3,935,980 
3,811,593 
4,742,146 
5,670,549 


Indiana. 


2.973.474, 

3.345.174, 

3,791.851 

3,423,921 

3.995.892 

3.905.779 

4.151.169 

4,920,743 

6,006,523 

6.484,086 

6,918,225 

9.446,424 

10,794,692 

10,842,189 

11,895,252 

12,092,560 

13,985,713 

12,314,890 

14,834,259 

18,389.815 

14.201,355 

15,285,718 

17.165.671 

16,641,132 

17,006,152 

20,093,528 

26,539,329 


Year. 


1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1895 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 


Alabama. 


4,759,781 

5.529,312 

5,136,935 

4,397,178 

5,693,775 

5,748,097 

5,893,770 

6,535,283 

7,593,416 

8,394,275 

9,099,052 

10,354,570 

11,654,324 

11,262,046 

11,866,069 

13,107,963 

14,250,454 

11,604,593 

13,703,450 

16,111,462 

15,021.421 

16,100,600 

17,678,522 

15,593,422 

14,927,937 

18,086,197 

20,068,074 


Tenn. 


2,413,678 
2,092,064 
1,902,258 
2.180,879 
2,535,644 
2.663,106 
2,888,849 
3,022,896 
3,330,659 
3,509,562 
3,633,290 
4,382,868 
4,798,004 
4,782,211 
5.766,690 
6,259,275 
6,810,243 
6,199,171 
6,358,645 
7.121,380 
6.433,156 
6,473,228 
6,869,184 
5,943,258 
5,730,361 
6,137.449 
6,194,221 


Iowa. 


3,825,495 
3,918,491 
3,972,229 
3,967,253 
4,156,074 
3,954,028 
4,611,865 
4,618,842 
5.177,479 
5,202,939 
5,617,499 
5,904,766 
6,419,811 
6,519,933 
6,798,609 
7,266,224 
7,574,322 
7,161,310 
7,757,762 
7,928,120 
7.331.648 
7,289,529 
7,525,936 
7,451,022 
7,614,143 
7,260,800 
8,965,830 


Md. 


3,820,239 
3,419,962 
3,716,041 
3,501,428 
3,915,585 
4,143,936 
4,442,128 
4,674,884 
4,807,396 
4,024,688 
5.113,127 
5,271,609 
4,846,165 
4,813,662 
5,108,539 
5,435,453 
5,532,628 
4,377,093 
4,023,241 
5,217,125 
4,685,795 
4,964,038 
4,779,839 
4.133.547 
4,180,477 
4,460,046 
4,745,924 


W.  Va. 


9,220,665 
9.738,755 
10,708,578 
11,627,757 
11,387,961 
12,876,296 
14,248,159 
16,700,999 
19,252,995 
22.647,207 
24)068,402 
24,570,826 
29,337,241 
32,406,752 
37,791,580 
43,290,350 
48.091,583 
41.897,843 
51,849,220 
61.671,019 
59,831,580 
66,786,687 
71,254,136 
71,707,626 
77,184,069 
86,460,127 
86,441,667 


Col. 


3.512,632 

3,510,830 

4,102,389 

2,831,409 

3,082,982 

3,112,400 

3,361,703 

4,076,347 

4,776,224 

5,244,364 

5.700.015 

7,401,343 

7,423,602 

6,658,355 

8,826,429 

10,111,218 

10,790,236 

9.634.973 

10,716,936 

11,973,736 

10,157,383 

10,977,824 

9,232,510 

8,170,559 

8,624,980 

10.484,237 

12,483,336 


Wyo. 


2,327,841 
2.503.839 
2,439,311 
2,417,463 
2,246,911 
2,229,624 
2,597,886 
2,863,812 
3,837,392 
4.014,602 
4,485,374 
4,429,491 
4,635,293 
5,178,556 
5,602,021 
6,133,994 
6,252,990 
5,489,902 
6,393,109 
7,533,088 
6,744,864 
7,368,124 
7,393,066 
6.475.293 
6.554.028 
7.910,647 
8,575.619 


Year. 


1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909,... 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913.... 

1914 

1915... 
1916... 
1917... 


Kansas. 


2,716,705 
3,007,276 
2,652,546 
3,388,251 
2,926,870 
2,884,801 
3,054,012 
3,406,555 
3,852,267 
4,467,870 
4,900,528 
5,266,065 
5,839,976 
6,333,397 
6,423,979 
6,024,775 
7,322,449 
6,245,508 
6,986,478 
4,921,451 
6,178,728 
6,986.182 
7,202,210 
6,860,988 
6,824,474 
6,881,455 
7,184,975 


Utah. 


371,045 

361,013 

413,205 

431,550 

471,836 

418,627 

521,560 

593,709 

786,049 

1,147,027 

1.322,614 

1,574,521 

1,681,409 

1,493,027 

1,332,372 

1,772,551 

1,947,607 

1.846.792 

2,266,899 

2,517,809 

2,513,175 

3.016.149 

3.254,828 

3,103,036 

3,108.715 

3,567,428 

4,125,230 


OlUa. 


1,091,032 
1,192,721 
1,252,110 
969,606 
1,211,185 
1,386,646 
1,336,380 
1,381,466 
1,537,427 
1,922,298 
2,421,781 
2,820,666 
3,517,388 
3,046,539 
2,924,427 
2,860,200 
3,642,658 
2,948,116 
3,119,377 
2,646,226 
3,074,242 
3,675,418 
4,165,770 
3,988,613 
3,693,580 
3.608,011 
4,386,844 


Oregon. 


51,826 
34,661 
41,683 
47,521 
73,685 
101,721 
107,289 
58,184 
86,888 
58,864 
69,011 
65,648 
91,144 
111,540 
109,641 
79,731 
70,981 
86,259 
87,276 
67,533 
46,661 
41,637 
46.063 
51,558 
39,231 
42,592 
28,327 


Montana. 


541,861 
564,648 
892,309 
927,395 
1,504,193 
1,543,445 
1,647,882 
1,479,803 
1,496.451 
1,661,775 
1,396,081 
1,560,823 
1,488,810 
1,358.919 
1,643,832 
1,829,921 
2,016,857 
1,920,190 
2.553,940 
2.920,970 
2.976,358 
3,048,495 
3,240,973 
2,805,173 
2,789,755 
3,632,527 
4.226.689 


New  Mex. 


462,328 

661,330 

665,094 

597,196 

720,654 

622,626 

716,981 

992,288 

1,050,714 

1,299,299 

1,086,546 

1,048,763 

1,541,781 

1,452,325 

1.649.933 

1.964.713 

2,628,959 

2.467.937 

2,801,128 

3,508,321 

3,148,158 

3,536,824 

3,708,806 

3.877,689 

3,817,940 

3.793,011 

4,000,537 


Texa.s. 


172,100 

245.690 

302,206 

420.848 

484,959 

544.015 

639,341 

686,734 

883,832 

968,373 

1,107,953 

901,912 

926,759 

1,195,944 

1,200,684 

1,312.873 

1.648.069 

1.895.377 

1.824,440 

1,892.176 

1,974.593 

2,188.612 

2,429.144 

2,333,773 

2,088,908 

f  1,987,503 

2,355,815 


Coal  Production  by  States,  Net^ons— Continued 


413 


Year. 

Wash. 

Mich. 

Georgia. 

Calilornia. 

Arkansas. 

N.   Car. 

N.   Dak. 

1889 

1,030.578 
1,263.689 
1.056,249 
1,213,427 
1,264,877 
1,106,470 
1,191,410 
1,195,504 
1,434,112 
1,884,571 
2,029,881 
2,474,093 
2,578,217 
2,681,214 
3,193,273 
3,137,681 
2,804,926 
3,276,184 
3,680.532 
3,024,943 
3,602,263 
3,911.899 
3,572,815 
3,360,932 
3,877,891 
3,064.820 
2,429,095 
3,035,588 
4,009,902 

67,431 

74,977 

80.307 

77.990 

45,979 

70,022 

112.322 

92,882 

223.592 

315,722 

624,708 

849,475 

1,241,241 

904,718 

1,367,619 

1,. 342, 840 

1.473,211 

1.346,338 

2,035,8.58 

1,835,019 

1,784.692 

1,534,967 

1,470,074 

1,206,230 

1.231.786 

1.283.030 

1,156,138 

1,180,360 

1,374,805 

225,934 
228,337 
171,000 
251.498 
372,740 
354,111 
260,998 
238,546 
195.869 
244.187 
233.111 
315,557 
342,825 
414,083 
416,951 
383,191 
351,991 
332,107 
362,401 
264,822 
211,196 
177,245 
165,210 
227,503 
255,626 
166,498 
5  34,496 
173,654 
119.028 

119,820 

110,711 

93.301 

85.178 

72.603 

67.247 

75.453 

78.544 

87.992 

145.888 

160.915 

171.708 

151,079 

84,984 

104,673 

78,888 

77,060 

25,290 

13,950 

18,765 

45,836 

11,164 

10,747 

10,978 

24,839 

279,584 

399,888 

542,379 

535,558 

574,763 

612,626 

698,322 

675,374 

856,190 

1,205,479 

843,554 

1,447,945 

1,816,136 

1,943,932 

2,229,172 

2,009,451 

1.934,673 

1,864,268 

2,670,433 

2,078,357 

2,377,157 

1,905,958 

2,106,789 

2,100,819 

2.234,107 

1,836,540 

■  1,652,106 

1,994,915 

2,143,579 

222 
10,262 
20,355 

6,679 
17.000 
16.900 
24.900 

7,813 
21,280 
11,495 
26,896 
17.734 
12,000 
23,000 
17,309 

7,000 

1,557 

28.907 
30,000 
30,000 
40,725 
49,630 
42,015 
38,997 
78,050 
77,246 
83,895 
98,809 
129,883 
166  601 

1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 . 

1900 

1901 

1902 

226,511 
278,645 
271  928 

1903 

1904 

1905 

317,542 
306,689 
347  760 

1906 

1907 

1908 

320  742 

1909 

422,047 

1910 

399,041 

1911 

120 
200 

502,628 

1912 

499  480 

1913 

496,320 

1914 

606,685 

1915 

628.078 

1916 '. 

7,240 
6,423 

'  634,912 

1917 

790.548 

BITUMINOUS  C0.4L  PRODUCTION  IN  U.  S. 


Yeak. 


1807-1820 , 

1821 

1822 

1823 

1S24 

1825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

5837 

1838 

1839 


Tons. 


3.000 


54,000 

60,000 

67.040 

75.000 

88,720 

94,000 

100,408 

102,000 

104,800 

120,100 

146,500 

133,750 

136.500 

134,000 

142,000 

182,500 

445,432 

552,038 


Ye.\R. 


1840 
1841 

1843 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1818 
1849 
1850 
1851 
1853 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
185P 


Tons. 


1,102.931 
1,108,700 
1,244,494 
1,504.121 
1,672,045 
1,829,872 
1,977,707 
1.735,062 
1,968,032 
2,453,497 
2.880,017 
3,253,460 
3,664,707 
4,169,862 
4,582,227 
4,784,919 
5,012,146 
5,153.622 
5,548,376 
6,013,404 


Yb.\R. 


1860 . . 
18oI.. 
1862.. 
1863.. 
1864  . . 
1865 . . 
1866.. 
1867.. 
1868 . . 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1873 . . 
1874  . . 
1875.. 
1875.. 
1877.. 
1878  . . 
1379 . . 


Tona. 


6.494,200 
6,688,358 
7,790,725 
9,533,742 
11,066,474 
11,900,427 
13,352,400 
14,722.313 
15,858,555 
15,821,220 
17.371,305 
27.543.023 
27,220,233 
31,449.643 
27.787,130 
29,862,554 
30,486,755 
34,841,444 
35.245,918 
37,898,006 


Year. 

Tons. 

1880. 

42,831.758 

1881. 

63,961,012 

1882. 

68,429.933 

1883. 

77,250,680 

1884. 

82,998,704 

188:5  . 

72,824,321 

1886. 

74,fr»4,981 

1887. 

88,562.314 

JS88. 

102.040,093 

1889  . 

95,682,543 

1890 . 

111.302.322 

1891. 

117.901,2.38 

1892. 

126,856,567 

1893. 

128.385.231 

1894. 

118,820.405 

1895. 

135,118.193 

1896. 

137.540.276 

1897. 

147,617.519 

1898. 

166,593,623 

I  EAR. 


1899.... 
It'OO . . .  . 
1901.... 
1902 . . . . 

1003 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

19C9 . .  .  . 
1910..  .  . 

1911 

1912 

1913.... 

1914 

1915.... 

1916 

1917 


Tods. 


193,323,187 
212,316,112 

225,828,149 
260,216,844 
282,749,348 
278,659,689 
315,062,785 
342,874,867 
394,759,112 
332,573,944 
379,744,237 
417,111,142 
405,907,059 
450,104,982 
478,435,297 
422,703,970 
442,624,426 
502,519,682 
551,790,563 


FEDERAL    ALLOTMENTS    OF    COAL. 

Compared  with  the  actu.al  distribution  lor  the  coal  year  beginning  April  1,  1916,  the  aliotment  of 
domestic  anthracite  for  all  purposes  was,  in  gross  tons  (2,240  pounds),  as  follows: 


New  England .  . . . . 
Atlantic  States. . . 
Central  States. . .. 

Northwest 

Trans-Mississipni. 
Remaining  States. 


1916-1917 
Distri- 
bution. 


8.833,379 

27,878,233 

6,100,024 

2,710,188 

627,965 

137,966 


Allotment 
1918-1919 
Coal  Year. 


10,331,000 

31,417,154 

3,481,945 

2,380,000 


RaUroad  supply 

Canada 

Miscellaneous  expoits. . 
Army  and  navy  camps . 

Total 


1916-1917 
Distri- 
bution. 


2.481,754 

3,856,021 

51,930 


51,677,460 


Allotment 
1918-1919 
Coal  Year. 


2,481,754 

3,602,000 

51 ,930 

600,000 


64,345,783 


The  war  reduced  the  army  of  anthracite  worlsers  from  176,552  iu  1915  to  about  145,000  in  the  Spring 
Of  1918. 

1918    COAL   REQUIREMENTS. 


CLASS  OF  Use. 


Industrial 

Domestic 

Gas  and  elect,  pub.  utilities. . 

Railroads 

Exports 

Beehive  coke ; 

Bunktr — Foreign 

Bunker — Domestic,    includ- 
ing Great  Lakes 

Pmver  and  heat  at  coal  mines 


ReQUired 
1918-1919 


Net  tons 
249.025,000 
75,678,000 
37,941,000 
166,000,000 
24,000,000 
52,450,000 
10,000,000 

5,000,000 
12,500,000 


Consumed 
1917. 


Net  tons. 

204,907,000 
06.915,000 
33,038,000 

156.000.000 

24,000,000 

52,450,000 

7,700,000 

5,000,000 
11,000,000 


Class  of  Use. 


Substitution  of  coal  for  oil 
mainly  in  the  Northwest .  . 


Totals 

Deduct:  Imports 

"        Used  from  storage. 


Net  tons  of  production. . 

Increased  retiuirements  over 

1917 


Required 
1918-1919, 


Net  tons. 
2.000,000 


634,594,000 


634,594,000 


Consumed 
1917. 


N(l  tons. 


560,010,000 

907,000 

4,375,000 


554,728,000 
79,866.000 


414 


Classifications  of  Coal. 


OUTPUT    OF    COKE    BY    CHIEF    PRODUCING    STATES-NET    TONS. 


Year. 

Ala. 

1880 ... . 

60,781 

1881 .... 

109,033 

1,88;} 

152,940 

1833 

217,531 

1384 

244,009 

1885 

301,180 

1886 

375,054 

1887 

325,020 

1888 ... . 

508.511 

1889 

.      1,030,510 

1890 .... 

.      1,072,942 

1891 

.      1,282,496 

1392 

1,501,571 

1893  .... 

1,168,085 

189J 

923,817 

1895 

1,444,339 

1896 .... 

.      1,479,437 

1897 

1,443,017 

1898 

1,663,020 

1899 

1,787,809 

1900 

2.110,837 

1901 

.      2,148,911 

IW. 

.      2,552,246 

1903 .... 

.      2,693,497 

1904 

2,340,219 

1905 

.      2,576,986 

1906 

.      3,034,501 

1907 

.      3,021,794 

190S .... 

2,363,666 

1909 

3,085,824 

1910 

3,249,027 

1911 

.      2,761,521 

1912.  .  .. 

.      2,975,489 

1913 

3,323,664 

1914 

3,084,149 

1915 

3,071,811 

1916 

.      4,298,417 

1917 

.      4,892.589 

Pa. 


2.821.384 

3.437. '08 

3,945.034 

4,438,464 

3,822,128 

3,991,805 

5,406,597 

5,832,849 

6,645,779 

7,659,055 

8,560,245 

6.954,846 

8,327,612 

6,229,051 

6,063,777 

9,404,215 

7,356,502 

8,966,924 

10,715,302 

13,577,870 

13,357,295 

14,355,917 

16,497,910 

15,650,932 

14,861,064 

20,573,736 

23,060,511 

26,513,214 

15,511,634 

24,905,525 

26,315,607 

21,923,935 

27,438,693 

28,753,444 

20,258,393 

25,622,862 

31,279.695 

27,912.025 


W.  Va. 


138,755 

187,126 

?30,398 

257,519 

223,472 

260,571 

264,158 

442,031 

531,762 

607,880 

833,377 

1,009,051 

1,034,750 

1,062,076 

1,193,933 

1,285,206 

1,649,755 

1,472,666 

1,925,071 

2,278,577 

2,358,499 

2,283,700 

2,516,505 

2,797,818 

2,283,086 

3,400,593 

3,713,514 

4,112,896 

2,637,123 

3,943,9:3 

3,803,8.50 

2,291,049 

2,465,986 

2,472,752 

1,427,962 

1,391,446 

2,521,309 

3,349,761 


Va. 


25,340 

63,600 

49,139 

122,352 

166,947 

149,199 

146,528 

105,847 

167,516 

147,912 

125,092 

180,091 

244,738 

268,08! 

354,067 

531,161 

613,707 

686,156 

907,130 

1,124,572 

1,176,439 

1,101,716 

1,499,481 

1,. 577,6.59 

1,. 545,280 

1,162,051 

1,347,478 

1,493,655 

910,411 

957,947 

1,303,603 

780,934 

639,807 

1,242,332 

1,304,230 


Teuu. 


130,609 
143,853 
187,695 
203,691 
219,723 
218,842 
368,139 
396,979 
385,693 
359,710 
348,728 
364,318 
354,096 
265,777 
292,646 
396,790 
330,202 
368,769 
394,.545 
435,308 
475,432 
404,017 
560,006 
.546,875 
379,240 
468,092 
483,428 
467,199 
2I4,.528 
261, 80? 
322,756 
330,418 
370,076 
3?4,5'!! 
264.127 
256.973 
382,175 
411.320 


III. 


12,700 
14,800 
11,400 
13,400 
13,095 
10,350 
8,103 
9,198 
7,410 
11,583 
5,000 
5,200 
3,170 
2,200 
2,200 
2,250 
2,600 
1.519 
2,325 
2,370 


4,439 

10,307 

268.693 

372.697 

362,182 

1,276,958 

l,514,rj04 

1,610,212 

1,764,944 

1,359,5.53 

1,425.168 

1,686,998 

2,320,400 

2,289,833 


N.  M, 


1,0C0 
3,905 
18,282 
17,940 
10,236 
13,710 
8,540 
3,460 
2,050 
2.300 


5,803 

6,529 

14,663 

24,228 

1,433 

6,930 

44,134 

44,774 

41,643 

23,296 

11,050 

53,259 

89,638 

H7,747 

265,125 

274,565 

373,967 

401,646 

381,92 

413,906 

467,945 

362,672 

389,411 

502,812 

577,579 


Ohio. 


100,596 

119,469 

103,722 

87,834 

62,709 

39,416 

84,932 

93,004 

67,194 

76,124 

74,633 

38,718 

51,818 

22,436 

32,640 

29,050 

80,868 

95,087 

85,535 

83,878 

72,116 

108,774 

146,099 

143,9)3 

109,284 

277,130 

293,994 

270,634 

159,578 

22'',711 

282,315 

311,382 

388,669 

331,846 

521,638 

684,658 

1.803,268 

3.694,302 


Ky. 


4,250 

4,370 

4,070 

5,025 

2,223 

2,704 

4,528 

14,565 

23,150 

13,021 

12,343 

33,777 

36,123 

48,619 

29,748 

25,460 

27,107 

32,117 

22,242 

81,095 

95,532 

100,285 

126,879 

115,362 

64,112 

79,487 

74,064 

67,068 

37,827 

46,371 

53,857 

66,099 

191,555 

317,084 

443,959 

526,097 

802,526 

863,071 


Col. 


25,568 

48,587 

102,105 

133,997 

115,719 

131.960 

142,797 

170,698 

179,682 

187,638 

245,756 

277,074 

373,229 

362,986 

317,196 

340,357 

363,760 

342,653 

474.808 

530.424 

618,755 

671,303 

1,003,393 

1,053,840 

789,060 

1,378,824 

1,455,905 

1,421,579 

982,291 

1,251,805 

1,346,211 

1,177,023 

972,941 

879,461 

666,083 

670,938 

1,053.553 

1.112.449 


Ga. 


38,041 
41,376 
46,602 
67,012 
79,268 
70,669 
82,680 
79,241 
83,721 
94,727 
102,233 
103,057 
81,807 
90,726 
93,029 
60,212 
53,673 
33,000 
49,629 
50,907 
73,938 
54,550 
82.064 
85.646 
75,812 
70,593 
70.280 
74,934 
39,422 
46,385 
43,814 
37.553 
43,158 
42,747 
24,517 
20,039 
47,127 
39,589 


COKE  OUTPUT  OF  NEW  YORK,   INDIAN.^   AND  WASHIiMGTON— NET  TONS. 


Year 

N.  Y. 

Ind. 

Wash. 

Ye.\r 

N.  Y. 

Ind. 

Wash. 

Year 

N.  Y. 

Ind. 

Wash. 

1910. 
1911. 
1912. 

652,459 
686,172 
794,618 

■2,6V6.339 

.'■)9,337 
40,180 
49,260 

1913. 
1914. 
1915. 

758,486 
457,370 
684,461 

2,727,025 
2,270,652 
2,768,059 

76,221 

84,923 

136,552 

1916. 
1917. 

775,014 
993,184 

3,489,600 
3,540,718 

534,653 
497,533 

Washington,  1916,  1917,  includes  Utah. 


BENZOL  AND  THE  UNITED  STATES  COAL  RESERVES. 

(By  the  Geological  Survey.) 

The  quantity  ot  coal  now  made  into  coke  is  60,000,000  to  70.000,000  tons  annually,  and  as  under  present 
practice  the  yield  ol  benzol  is  2  gallons  from  the  ton  of  coal,  the  universal  use  of  by-product  ovens  would 
increase  the  present  production  of  benzol  to  over  3,000,000  barrels.  Tlie  coal  reserves  availal)le  for  the 
future  production  of  benzol  are  enormous,  but  production  of  benzol  as  a  substitute  for  gasoline  cannot 
be  expected  to  draw  on  these  resei^ves  faster  than  the  demand  for  .coke  and  for  by-products  other  than  benzol 
justifies  the  colclng  or  distillation  of  coal.  The  oil  shales  in  Colorado  and  Utah  constitute  an  undeveloped 
reserve  ot  petroleum,  to  wliich  attention  was  directed  by  the  Geological  Survey  in  1901.  Field  investlgatior.s 
of  the.se  deposits  are  beln?  carried  on  by  the  survey  to  ascertain  the  distribution,  richness,  and  quantity  of 
these  shales,  and  tests  made  by  the  Bureau  of  Mines  to  determine  the  most  cflicient  methods  of  their  utiliza- 
tion. 

These  oil-producing  shales  in  northwestern  Colorado  have  been  examined  with  sufflcient  detail  to  war- 
rant the  estimate  that  there  are  39  town.ships  (1,400  square  miles)  imderlain  by  an  average  thickness  of  53 
feet  of  shale  in  beds  3  feet  or  more  in  thickness,  which,  according  to  field  tests,  will  on  distillation  yield  au 
average  of  25  gallons  of  crude  oil  per  ton  of  shale.  The  crude  oil  thus  obtained  will  give  under  ordinary 
refining  practice  approximately  O'A  par  cent  .gasoline,  and  doubtless  much  larger  amounts  by  modern  crack- 
ing processes.  Tliere  is  in  northeastern  Utah  an  oil-shale  area  approximately  equal  to  that  in  Colorado, 
and  it  is  estimated  that  the  shale  in  this  State  will  have  equal  thickness  and  quality,  thus  doubling  the  total 
possible  yield.  Oil  shale  beds  generally  thinner  or  less  rich  are  present  also  in  southwestern  Wyoming,  and 
similar  shales  are  known  in  the  Eastern  States. 


CLASSIFICATIONS    OF   COAL. 

THE  Geological  Survey  gives  to  coal  six  classifications.  They  .ore:  Anthracite,  semi-authracite, 
semi-bituminous,  bituminous,  sub-bituminous,  and  lignite.  All  of  these  various  classes  are  produced  in 
the  United  States.  Most  of  the  anthracite  coal  is  mined  in  eastern  Pennsylvania.  Small  areas  in  the 
West  are  placed  in  the  anthracite  classification,  but  are  not  identical  with  the  Pennsylvania  anthracite. 
Anthracite  is  an  almost  ideal  domestic  fuel,  but  is  not  well  adapted  to  steam  raising,  although  it  is  used 
for  this  purpose  when  an  absolutely  smokeless  fuel  is  required.  There  is  very  little  semi-anthracite  in  this 
country,  hence  it  Is  but  a  small  factor  in  the  trade.  Semi-bituminous  is  of  higher  rank  th.-in  bituminous.  It 
has  a  high  percentage  of  fixed  carbon,  which  makes  it  nearly  smokeless.  It  is  best  adapted  to  raising  steam 
and  to  general  manufacture  that  requires  a  high  degree  of  heat.  It  is  regarded  as  the  best  coal  for  steam- 
ships, and  is  used  almost  exclusively  by  the  navy.  Being  of  a  soft,  tender  quality,  it  is  easily  broken.  This- 
fineness  is  regarded  by  those  accustomed  to  lump  coal  as  detrimental,  but  it  is  not.  It  burns  sjowly  and 
retains  a  higli  degree  of  heat.  Bituminous  coal  is  produced  in  a  number  of  grades,  but  generally  speaking, 
it  describes  a  rank  of  coal  having  about  equal  proportions  of  volatile  matter  and  fixed  carbon.  Bituminous 
coal  is  only  slightly  affected  chemically  by  weathering  unless  it  is  exposed  for  many  years.  'Sub-bituminous" 
is  a  term  adopted  by  the  Geological  Survey  to  describe  a  rank  of  coal  more  generally  known  as  "black  lignite." 
It^ia  produced  principally  in  the  Western  States.  It  is  a  clean,  domestic  coal,  and  ignites  easily.  Lignite 
is  a  product  of  North  Dakota  and  Texas. 


Century  of  Anthracite,  415 


CEMTURV    OF    ANTHRACITE. 

(From  tlie  Public  Ledger,  Philadelphia.) 

James  Tilghman  of  Philadelpliia  discovered  anthracite  iu  the  Wyoming  Valley  in  1766.  He  sent  a 
little  chunk  of  it  to  Thomas  and  William  Penu  in  Loudon  with  this  accurately  prophetic  message:  "This 
bed  of  coal,  situated  a.s  it  is  on  the  side  of  the  river,  may  some  day  or  other  be  a  thing  of  great  value."  Thomas 
Venn,  in  giving  thanks  lor  the  specimen,  promised  to  have  it  "examined  by  some  person  skilled  in  that 
article"  and  to  transmit  the  report.  In  1800  an  enterprising  pioneer  named  William  Morris  brought  a 
wason  load  of  Tamaqua  coal  nearly  100  mile.s  to  Philadelphia  and  couldn't  find  a  piu'chaser.  Three  years 
later  two  "ark"  loads  of  LehlgU  anthracite — two  hundred  tons — were  brought  to  this  city  via  the  Lehigh 
and  Delavvai'e  Rivers.  For  the  fifteen  miles  below  Mauch  Chunk,  iu  a  drop  of  about  300  feet,  the  rapid 
current  swii-ling  over  hidden  rocks  niade  it  au  adventurous  journey,  and  those  v,ho  handled  the  boats.  90 
feet  long,  10  teet  wide  and  4  feet  deep,  took  a  .sporciaj:  chance. 

A  flotilla  of  five  boats  started  for  Philadelpliia  on  this  first  journey  but  onl;' the  two  survived.  And 
when  they  reached  the  city  nobody  was  able  to  make  the  coal  bum,  and  it  was  yiven  away  to  be  used  tor 
"graveling"  pathways.  But  by  the  following  year  people  had  learned  how  to  use  it.  and  the  coal  broughi 
here  by  boat  at  a  total  cost  of  So  per  ton  could  be  sold  at  a  profit  ol  100  per  cent,  for  SIO.  It  was  by  no 
means  plain  sailing  (or  at  any  rate  boating)  for  ths  coal  merchants  even  then.  The  Lehigh  Coal  Company 
brought  305  tons  here  iu  l.S2(5  and  had  great  difTiCU'ty  iu  dlspcsing  of  so  large  a  ciuuntitv.  But  in  four  years 
it  liad  increased  the  amount  to  9,541  tons;  182.j  found  the  figtU'e  set  at  28,393  tons,  and  by  1832  it  v.-as  deliver- 
ing 70,000  toiis.     Iu  1S39  it  reached  221,850  tous,  which  v/as  considered  prodigioas. 

The  credit  for  teaching  Philadelphia  how  to  burn  anthracite  is  largely  doe  to  three  citizens  of  Wilkcs- 
Harre,  named  Miner,  Cist,  and  Robinson.  On  the  9th  of  August,  1814,  they  strate-j  an  ark  laden  v.'ith  coal 
from  Mauch  Clumk  for  Philadelphia.  It  had  gone  about  a  qCiarter  of  a  mile  when  it  struck  a  rock  The 
boatmeu  stuffed  tiie  hole  with  their  ciothe.s  v,n-l  proceeded  undismayed.  After  live  cays  tit?  ark  reached 
Philadelphia  on  a  8undn.^  morning  ai  8  o'clock.  Ttie  Oismers  had  printed  handbills  in  Eiig'.i-h  and  German 
and  broadcast  them  ainous  our  householders.  These  handbills  told  how  to  make  the  coal  fcurn.  and  presented 
testimonials  fro;n  blacUsmitiis  and  others  who  hid  turned  the  trick.  Moreover,  stove-  wore  set  up  in  various 
ivlaees,  coal  rlres  were  started  in  them,  and  Ihe  iacredulous  public  was  invited  to  behoid  the  mrracle.  Ac- 
cording to  the  Geological  Survey,  Peunsylvauia  produced  83,995,001  tons  of  ant'.racite  in  1915.  Some 
authorities  estimate  ihat  the  Peuusyivr.uia  deuosiu^  will  last  a  century  or  f.-o  louger  at  ihe  present  rate  ol 
production. 

COAL   RESERVES    OF   THE    WORLD.   tJ>'MlXED. 

■United  States  and  Alaska,  4.231,000,000,000  tons,  of  wMch  22.000.000.000  tons  is  anlhracite,  2,155,- 
000,000,000  tons  is  bituminous,  and  2,054,000,000,000  tons  is  sub-bituminous  and  lignite:  Canada,  l,3ti],- 
(flO.OOO.OOO  tons,  of  which  2,000,000,000  is  anthracite  and  313,000,000,000  is  bituminous;  China,  1,097,- 
000,000,000  tons,  of  which  427.000,000,009  is  anthracite;  Germany,  457,000,000.000  tons,  of  which 
-52,000.000,000  tons  is  bituminous  and  the  rest  sub-bituminous;  Great  Britain,  i;09.000,000,000  tons,  of 
which  12.000,000,000  is  aatb.racite;  Siberia,  192.0-00.000,000  tons,  no  anthracite;  Australia,  1S3,000,000  000 
tons,  all  bituminous  or  sub-bituminous;  ludia.  S7.000.000.000  tons,  no  anthracite:  Russia  in  Europe,  06.000.- 
000,000  tons,  of  which  41,000.000  is  anthracite;  UiuoM  of  South  Africa,  02,000,000,000  tous„  of  which 
13,000.000,000  is  anthracite:  Austria,  .W, 000,000. 000  tons,  no  anthracite:  Colombia,  30,000,000.000  tons, 
uo  anthracite;  ludo-China,  2;?. 000.000 .000  ton.',  all  anthracite;  France  19,000,000.000  'lOns.  of  which  4,000,- 
000,000  j3  anthracite;  Belgium.  12,000.000,000  tons,  no  anthracite;  Spain,  10,000,000,000  tons,  of  which 
2,000,000,000  is  anthracite:  Spitzbergen,  9,000.000,000  tons,  uo  anthracite;  Japan,  9,000.009.000  tons,  no 
anthracite;  Holland  5, ■300,000,000  W.'^,  no  anairaciis;  other  countries,  24,000,000,000  tons  of  which  3,000,- 
000,000  is  anthracite. 

Total  coal  reserves,  8,154,000,000,000  tons,  of  which  548,000,000,000  is  antliracite:  4.302,000,000,000 
is  bituminous,  and  3,304,000.000,000  is  sub-b!umii;iou:s  and  lignite. 

POWER   USED    IX    TUe   tiXMTF.O   BT-^TES.-! 

The  figures,  gathered  in  1912  by  the  C'^n^v-.'  •-■e.ie^i;,  show  the  horse-power  then  in  use  as  follows; 
Steam,  24.339,819;  water.  4,870,320:  gas  i:ivA  oil,  l,'2oS,107:  total,  30,448,240.  Of  the  steam-power,  10,233,- 
733  horse-power  was  used  in  maiuitactures;  4,948,532  in  public  utilities,  and  3,169.554  in  electric  railways. 
In  1912  the  country  produced  450,104,9.82  tons  oi  bituminous  coal  and  84.301.598  tons  of  antlu-acite,  of 
which  about  one-third  or  appro.vimately  178,000,000  tons,  was  used  in  the  development  of  industrial  steam- 
power.  Practically  no  coal  is  used  in  connection  with  the  development  of  water-power  or  gas  and  oil-power. 
Sleam  railroads  the  .same  year  used  125,000,000  tons  and  steamships  10,000,000  tons,  while  in  steam  heating 
plants  70,000,000  tons  were  used.  About  70  per  cent,  of  coal  each  year  is  ilsed  in  peace  times  in  stears- 
raaking,  and  the  balance  In  hot-air  and  hot-water  pktnts.  cook  stoves,  the  making  of  coke  and  gas,  aud 
e.xportations. 

The  Geological  Survey  has  estimated  that  the  waters  of  the  United  States,  by  their  natural  flow,  es- 
clusive  of  dams,  can  produce  27.943,000  horse-power  at  a  minimum,  of  which  11,504.000  is  in  the  Pacific 
States,  8,694,000  in  the  Mountain  States,  2,340,000  i.i  the  South  A.lantic  States,  1.357.000  in  the  Middle 
Atlantic  States,  1,087.000  in  the  East  South  Central  States,  902, COO  in  the  West  North  Central  States, 
832,000  in  the  East  North  Central  States,  808,000  in  the  New  En-land  States,  and  353,000  in  the  We.'St 
South  Central  States. 

CONTROL  OF  FUEL  IN  EC  ROPE. 

The  coal  mine:;  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  were  placed  untler  Government  control  early  in  1917. 
All  dividends  paid  and  all  wage  agreements  must  be  approved  by  the  Government.  On  account  ol  the 
advance  iu  cost  of  food  and  other  necessities,  figured  to  average  94  per  cent.,  increases  in  prices  of  coal 
amounted  to  from  SI. 90  to  SI. 60  per  ton  have  been  authorized.  Army  and  navy  requirements  and  othei 
Government  industries,  incUidiug  munition  plants  and  railroads,  are  given  priority  in  the  distribution  ol 
coal  and  the  allotment  of  cars.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  240,000  miners  of  the  United  Kingdom,  oul 
of  a  total  of  1,000,000.  enlisted  in  the  army,  and  the  industry  was  crippled  for  a  time.  The  Government 
tried  to  have  these  men  returned  to  the  mines,  but  less  than  20,000  were  sent  back.  Then  a  regulation 
was  put  in  force  providing  that  no  miner  cou'.d  enlist  in  the  war  without  the  approval  of  a  local  board 
established  in  each  district  to  pass  upon  enlistments.  The  result  was  that  men  employed  in  various  othei 
occupations  immediately  applied  for  work  in  the  mines.  Conservation  in  Great  Britain  Is  governed  bj 
drastic  rules.  If  cinders  are  found  in  the  dust-bin  of  any  consumer  he  is  liable  to  six  months'  imprisonment 
No  one  can  consume  more  than  22  K  tons  per  year  without  a  special  permit.  For  1917  the  winter  ratiot 
scale  allowed  the  use  of  200  pounds  per  week  for  four  rooms;  one  ton  per  month  for  se^en  rooms;  and  m 
to  two  tons  per  month  for  15  rooms.  Half  rations  are  permitted  in  summer.  If  one  person's  ration  ii 
ten  tons  a  year  and  he  buys  eleven  he  is  liable  to  prosecution.  England  also  curtailed  the  use  of  fuel  oil 
as  well  as  gasoline  and  gas  for  pleasure  automobiles. 

The  French  and  Italian  Governments  have  a.ssumed  complete  control  of  distribution.  In  May,  1917 
the  Russian  Provisional  Government  took  over  the  coal  mines  of  that  country  for  the  purpose  of  conlrollinj 
distribution  and  prices.  Fuel  is  so  scarce  in  France  that  during  the  winter  of  1917-18  the  amount  of  coa 
allowed  to  domestic  consumers  was  apnroxim.atcily  11  kilos,  or  24  pounds,  per  month.  Strict  limitation! 
were  Imposed  on  the  consumption  of  gas  and  electricity.  Since  the  loss  of  Alsace-Lorraine  France  produced 
lit'Iore  the  present  war,  only  about  two-thirds  of  the  coal  she  consumed. 


416 


Petroleum  Production  in  United  States. 


PETROLEUM    PRODUCTION    IN    UNITED    STATES. 

(By  United  States  Geological  Sui-vey.     42-gal.  bbls.) 


YE.  (Cal.). 

Gallons. 

YR.  (Cal.). 

Gallons. 

YB.  (Cal.). 

Gallons. 

Ye,  (Cal-) 

Gallons. 

1878 

646,668,456 

1888 

1,159,705,050 

1898 

2,325,297,786 

1908 

7,498,148,910 

1879 

836,394,132 

1889 

1,476,867,546 

1899 

2,396,975,700 

1909 

7,693,176,708 

1880 

1,104,017.166 

1890 

1,924,590,024 

1900 

2,672,062,218 

1910 

8,801,404,416 

1881 

1,161,771,996 

1891 

2,280,291,510 

1901 

2,914,346,148 

1911 

9,258,874,422 

1882 

1.281,454,860 

1892 

2,121,405,594 

1902 

3,728,210,472 

1912 

9,363,271,848 

1883 

984,884,586 

1893 

2,034,104,772 

1903 

4,219,376,154 

1913 

10,434,741,660 

1884 

1,017.174,396 

1894 

2,072,469,672 

1904 

4,917,400,320 

1914 

11,162,026,470 

1885 

918,068,970 

1895 

2,221,475,592 

1905 

5,658,138,360 

1915 

11,806,372,368 

1886 

1,178,723,322 

1896 

2,560,335,162 

1906 

5,312,745,312 

1916 

12.632,220,636 

1887 

1,187,906,286 

1897 

2,539,971,672 

1907 

6,976,004,070 

1917 

14,355,600,000 

OUTPUT    OF 

REFINERIES    IN    UNITED    STATES    (FIRST 

HALF 

OF    1918). 

MONTHS. 

Gasoline. 

Kerosene. 

Gas  and 
Fuel. 

Lubricat- 
ing. 

Wax. 

Coke. 

As- 
phalt . 

Miscel- 
laneous. 

Loss. 

January .... 
February.. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

Gallons. 
234,714,062 
225,823,365 
269.627,968 
293,396,102 
319,39f,202 
315,023,445 

Gallons. 
114,926,727 
117,108,150 
151,228,007 
153,703,682 
160,590,760 
151,840,252 

Gallons. 
534,729,645 
498,858,331 
587,985,804 
578,255,341 
631,586,209 
628,842,033 

Gallons. 
54,706,360 
56,440,455 
69,308,351 
71,022,204 
79,589,735 
74,420,996 

Pounds. 
37,582,833 
33,272,888 
43,957,019 
40.173,524 
42,544,633 
41,317,794 

Tons. 

41,216 

42,371 

44,248 

45,674 

48,864 

46,606 

Tons. 

54.854 

42,033 

56,901 

51,242 

60,449 

50.321 

Gallons. 
70,764,468 
74,966,339 
94,865,148 
89,242,012 
88,627,491 
81,110,922 

Barrels. 
1,025,700 
929,720 
1,097,489 
1.182,020 
1,269,281 
1,282,177 

OUTPUT   OF   REFINERIES   IN   UNITED    STATES   IN    1917. 
Crude  run,  301,319,318  barrels;  oils  purchased  and  re-run,  14,897,670  barrels;  gasoline,  2,729,712,033 
gallons;  kerosene,  1,602,015,103  gallons;  gas  and  fuel,  6,288,430,581  gallons;  lubricating,  721,644,821  gallons; 
wax,  441,107,964  pounds;  coke,  484,180  tons;  asphalt,  690,279  tons;  miscellaneous,  663,149,870  gallons; 
loss,  12,273,850  barrels. 

EXPORTS   OF   DOMESTIC   PETROLEUM. 


Year  (Fiscal). 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 
1918. 


Crude  Oil. 


Gallons. 
195,642,935 
146,477,342 
152,514,129 
163,732,689 
177,748,832 
183,672,778 


Gas   Oil  and 
Fuel  Oil. 


Gallons. 
320,529,9 
475.143,206 
672,931,878 
897,858,733 
1.039,323,708 
1,224,807,405 


Illuminating 
Oil. 


Gallons. 
1,048,894,297 
1,157,283,310 
886,316,740 
823,143,138 
833,969,012 
528,805,601 


Lubric.  and 

Heavy  Par- 

affine  Oil. 


Gallons. 
213,671,499 
196,884,696 
214,429,099 
250,395,439 
271,032,751 
269,667,145 


Gasoline. 


Gallons. 
81,698,917; 
151,611,.537 
166,860,666 
100,148,554 
226,154,560 
260,300,337 


All  Other 

Naphthas . 


Gallons. 
101,821.572 
40,840,730 
94,335,128 
194,631,255 
199,563,352 
207,905,009 


Residuum, 

Including 

Tar. 


Gallons. 

27,513,568 

113,370,245 

9,952,970 

13,538,335 

536,270 

1.879,475 


Most  of  the  United  States  exports  of  crude  oil  go  to  Canada,  Cuba,  and  Argentina. 

PETROLEUM    IMPORTS. 


Year 

(Fiscal). 


1913. 
1914. 
1915. 


Crude. 


Gallons. 
510,660,641 
773,052,480 
653.707,517 


Benz.,  Gaso- 
line, Naph'a. 


Gallons. 

None 

None 

7,920,504 


All  Other 
Refined. 


Gallons. 
3,746,599 
1,945';007 
557,481 


Year 
(Fiscal). 


1916. 

1917. 
1918. 


Crude. 


Gallons. 
869,369,363 
1,034,590,849 
1.347,543,144 


Benz.,  Gaso- 
line, Naph'a 


Gallons. 
7,738 
10.804,864 
11.069,899 


All  Other 
Refined. 


Gallons. 

2,096,002 
33,425,222 
45,114,581 


Practically  all  of  the  imports  of  crude  petroleum  come  from  Mexico. 

GASOLINE    PRODUCED    AND    EXPORTED. 


Year. 

Product'n. 

Exported . 

YEAR. 

Product'n. 

Exported. 

Year. 

Product'n. 

Exported . 

1899 

1904 

Barrels. 

6,680,000 

6,920,000 

12,900,000 

Barrels. 
297,000 
594.000 

1,640,000 

1914...'.... 
1915 

Barrels. 
34,915,000 
41,600,000 

Barrels. 

5,000,000 

6,500,000 

1916 

1917 

Barrels. 
49,020,966 

Barrels. 

3,998,292 

5,352.645 

1909 

In  addition  to  the  straight-run  gasoline,  shown  in  above  table,  there  was  in  1916  about  104,212,809 
gallons  of  casinghead  gasoline  manufactured  from  natural  gas,  and  in  1917  the  amount  was  estimated  at 
150,000,000  gallons. 

WORLD'S    PRODUCTION    OF    PETROLEUM. 


PRODUCTION,    1917. 

Total  Probuction,  1867-1917. 

Country. 

Barrels  of  42 
Gallons. 

Metric  Tons. 

Per  Cent, 
of  Total. 

Barrels  of  42 
Gallons. 

Metric   Tons. 

Percent, 
of  Total. 

United  States 

335,315,601 

69,000,000 

55,292,770 

■^2,928,955 

8,500.000 

5,965,447 

2,898,654 

2,681,870 

2,533,417 

1,699,455 

1,144,737 

1,008,750 

996,764 

205,332 

44,708,747 

9,418,509 

8,264,266 

1,778,495 

1,133,333 

829,629 

386,487 

373,000 

337,789 

222,456 

168,340 

134,600 

140,000 

27,378 

66.98 

13.78 

11.04 

2.58 

1.70 

1.19 

.58 

.64 

.51 

.32 

.23 

.20 

.20 

.04 

4,252,644,003 

1,832,583,017 

222,082,472 

175,103,267 

98,583,522 

148,459,653 

36,065,454 

142,992,465 

21,878,285 

5,418,885 

3,047,858 

2,768,686 

15,952,861 

24,112,529 

567,019,201 

242,336,152 

33,166,241 

23,628,200 

13,144,469 

20,646,663 

4,808,727 

19,283,174 

2,917,104 

763,670 

436,033 

369.168 

2.155,974 

3,215,004 

60 .  89 

Russia        

26.24 

Mexico 

3.18 

Dutch  East  Indies 

India 

2.51 
2.41 

GaUcla 

2.13 

Japan  and  Formosa 

Roumania 

.52 
2.05 

Peru               

.31 

Trinidad     

.08 

.04 

.04 

Germany 

2.30 

Canada 

3.50., 

Total 

600,651,086  1 

68,000,596 

100.00 

6,983,567,246 

934,137,289 

100.00 

New  York  Bible  Society 


417 


BUILDING    AND    LOAN    ASSOCIATIONS. 

(By  H.  F.  Cellarius,  Cincinnati,  O.,  Secretary  United  States  League  of  Local  Building  and  Loan  Associations.) 
THE  following  statistical  table  shows,  by  States,,  the  number  of  associations,  total  membership,  and 
total  assets  lor  States  in  which  accurate  statistics  are  compiled  by  State  Supervisors.     The  data  lor  other 
States  are  consolidated  under  "Other  States,"  and  the  figures  given  are  estimated.     1917-1918: 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 


States. 


No.  of 

Asso- 
ciat'ns 


Pennsylvania.  .  . 

Ohio 

New  Jersey 

Massachusetts-.  . 

Iliinois 

New  Yorli 

Indiana 

Nebrasltii 

California 

Michigan 

Kentucity 

Mis.souri 

Kansas 

Louisiana 

Dist.  of  Gol 

Wisconsin 

North  Carolina.. 

Washington 

Arltansas 


2,089 

678 

793 

184 

662 

253 

351 

73 

91 

72 

125 

155 

72 

67 

19 

78 

140 

42 

40 


Total 
Member- 
ship. 


677,911 

767,100 

329.063 

247,725 

246,800 

199.571 

202,409 

101,929 

42,227 

69,041 

62,846 

56,116 

66,442 

47.793 

37,075 

50,612 

37,400 

46,318 

21,053 


Total  Assets. 


8324,265,393 

321,741,529 

168,215,913 

126,695,037 

H3,528,.525 

86,072,829 

78,112,917 

54,545,630 

35,928,447 

35,659,360 

27,085,282 

26,770,144 

26,000,167 

25,911,928 

22,399,995 

19,887,368 

17,608.000 

14,444,177 

10.583.447 


1 


ST.iTES. 


*Io\va 

50 

Miuuesota 

63 

West  Virginia.. . 

48 

♦Colorado 

44 

Maine 

38 

Olilahoma 

34 

Rhode  Island  .  .  . 

8 

Connecticut .... 

22 

South  Dakota.. . 

14 

New  Hampshire. 

22 

Tennessee 

13 

Nortli  Daliota.  . 

10 

Texas 

28 

Montana 

16 

New  Mexico.  .  .  . 

13 

Vermont 

6 

Ot.hv.'r  States. ,  .  . 

856 

To1a,l 

7.209 

No.  of 
Asso- 
ciat'ns 


Total 
Member- 
ship. 


33,035 

22,020 

21,500 

10,200 

14,959 

18,142 

11,499 

14,900 

5,857 

8,554 

5,166 

5,785 

7,156 

4,239 

3,545 

749 

341,875 


3.838,612 


Total  Assets. 


89,638,852 
8,979,642 
8,119,131 
6,688,983 
6,671,239 
6,554,175 
5,938,436 
4,869,748 
3,603,836 
3,336,072 
3,207,754 
2,837,118 
2,314,927 
1,849,935 
1.469,276 
287,791 
157.319.172 


31,769,142,175 


*  Reports  issued  biennially.  Figures  of  1910  used. 
The  aggregate  reeeipt.3  for  1917  from  all  sources  were  81,220,600,658,  which  is  an  increase  of  $158.- 
687,63-5  over  the  receipts  of  the  previous  year.  The  receipts  from  weelily  dues  were  increased  837,647,516. 
from  paid-up  stocl;  $6,783,893,  and  from  deposits  823,196,571.  There  was  an  increase  over  the  previous 
year  in  mortgage  loans  made  of  378,805,481.  Steele  withdrawals  increased  87,175,321,  paid-up  stoclv 
315,519,998,  and  deposit  withdrawals  were  37,759,840  in  excess  of  1916  The  total  expense  of  management 
for  the  year  was  S9, 810,744,  or  a  little  over  eightr-tenths  of  one  per  cent,  of  the  total  receipts.  In  detail, 
the  receipts  an(i  disbursements  for  1917  were  as  follows: 


Receipts.  1917. 

Cash  on  hand  Jwuiary  i,  1917 

Weekly  dues 

Paid-up  stock 

Deposits 

Loans  repaid 

Interest 

Premium 

Fines 

Pass  books  and  initiaiion 

Borrowed  money 

Real  estate  sold 

Miscellaneous  recdpvs 


858,018,034 

372,393,420 

50,312,814 

116,054,988 

360,137,274 

100,414,566 

4,781,646 

1,521,102 

975,252 

89,322,894 

9,010,164 

57,058,498 

Total  vecei.')ts 31,220,600,658 


DBBaRSEiMENT.3 

Pass  book  loans 

Mortgage  loans 

Stock  withdrawals 

Paid-up  stock  withdrawals .... 

Deposit  withdrawals 

Expenses ' 

Borrowed  nioney  rj^paid 

Interest 

Real  estate  purchased 

Miscellaneous  disbursements .  . 
Cash  on  hand  January  1,  1918. 

Total -disbursements 


1917. 


S39.279.366 

492,094,692 

304,031,172 

47,932,908 

92,328.708 

9.810.744 

90,028,860 

3,195,042 

12,751,056 

63,333,156 

65,814,954 


,..31,220,600,6.38 


VOLUME  OF  STOCKS  ANDJTBONDS  DEALT  IN  ON  N.  Y.  STOCK  EXCHANOS. 


Year.              j        Shares. 

Bonds. 

Veau. 

Shares. 

1  Bonds. 

1917 

3184,536,371 

230,060,900 

173,155,644 

45,989,158 

51,052,346,950 

1,133,935,300 

955,525,200 

460,472,.500 

1913                   

376,134,996 
118,452,676 
127,376,149 

3497,158,600 

1916 

1912 

645,300,000 

1915 

1911 

878,933,700 

1914 '..'. 

AMERICAN  RED  CROSS. 

National  HeadQuarters,  Washington.  D.  C.  National  Officers:  Woodrow  Wilson.  President:  Robert  W. 
de  Forest,  Vice-President;  John  Skelton  Williams,  Treasurer:  John  W.  Davis,  Counsellor;  Stockton  Axson, 
Secretary;  William  Howard  Taft,  Chairman  Central  CommiUee;  Eliot  Wadsworth,  Vice-Chairman;  Harvey 
D.  Gibson,  General  Manager;  George  E.  Scott,  Acting  General  Manager. 

Red  Cross  War  Council — By  appointment  of  the  President  of  the  United  States — Henry  P.  Davison, 
Chairman;  George  B.  Case,  Harvey  D.  Gibson,  John  D.  Ryan,  Cornelius  N.  Bli^s,  jr.,  Ex  ajjido,  WilUam 
Howard  Taft,  Eliot  Wadsworth. 

WORLD    PEACE    ASSOCIATION. 

Headquarter.^.  Northfield,  Minn.  Secretary-Treasurer— C.  A.  Ryan.  "Organization  was  begun  Novem- 
ber, J915.  with  Northfield.  Minn.,  as  international  headnuarter.s.  During  the  ensuing  period  the  association 
has  acted  as  a  distributing  agency,  having  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  people  throughout  the  world  great 
quantities  of  peace  and  Cliristian  literature.  Tlie  a.ssociation  is  a  non-dogmatic,  non-sectarian,  moral  ana 
religious  organization  based  upon  the  Divine  conscience  of  mankind  and  the  life  and  teachings  of  Jesus 
Christ  .which  Is  included  in  its  doctrine  and  creed,  together  with  the  Ten  Commandments.  It  seeks  to  aid  in 
bringing  about  the  estabUshment  of  democratic  world  government  and  to  surround  mankind  with  a  Chris- 
tian influence.  It  recognizes  that  there  is  a  common  ground  upon  which  all  who  are  seeking  lor  truth  ana 
justice  can  meet  and  that  this  common  ground  lies  deeper  and  beyond  the  outer  forms  of  dogmas,  sectarian- 
ism, the  belief  or  disbelief  in  the  supernatural  or  hereafter." 

NEW   YORK    BIBLE   SOCIETY. 

66  Bible  House,  New  York.  P/csJrfen/— John  C.  West.  Treasurer— S&m&i  II.  ScbmelzeX.  General 
Secretary— Rev.  George  WUliam  Carter,  Ph.  D.  The  society  has  distributed  250,000  Bibles  among  the 
American  soldier.s. 


418 


Commercial  Failures  in  tlie  United  States,  1916-1917. 


COMMERCIAL    FAILURES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES,  1916-1917. 

(By  R.  G.  Duu  &  Co.) 


States. 


Me 

151 

N.  H...  . 

49 

Vt 

48 

Maes 

895 

Ct 

319 

R.  I 

105 

Total .  . 

1,567 

1916 

1,690 

N.  Y 

2.200 

N.  J 

398 

Pa 

921 

Total .  . 

3,519 

1916 

4.068 

Md 

192 

Del 

11 

D.  C 

51 

Va 

166 

W.  Va. . . . 

150 

N.  C 

167 

s.  c 

135 

Ga 

281 

Fla 

210 

Total.. . 

1,363 

1916 

1.917 

Ky 

200 

Tenn 

225 

Ala 

128 

Miss 

IBS 

Arh 

109 

Okla 

245 

La 

187 

Tex 

431 

Total... 

1,713 

1916 

2,569 

1917  (Full  Year.) 


No.      Assets.     Li'bltes. 


Dollars. 

508,528 
140,341 
278,844 
3,623,162 
3,956,979 
223,529 


8,731.383 
6.264.161 

20.461.912 
5,948,763 
9,677.597' 


36.088,272 
31,.508,203 

705,787 
25,812 

245,617 
1,706.601 
1,515,776 
1,640,068 

827.085 
2.528.805 

470.697 


9,666,248 
13,955,452 

1,380,611 

1,068.397 

933.582 

1.137.612 

516,673 

713,-556 

1,268,224 

1,621,653 


8,640,308 
19.314.012 


Dollars. 

1,424,353 

380,768 

422,831 

10,777,064 

8,642,146 
503,488 


22,150,650 
15,866,386 

45,726,020 
8,431,446 
14,203,421 


68,360,890 
62,838.342 

1,363.672 
70,701 
412.766 
2,222,747 
2.174.387 
1,805,706 
1.205.300 
3,430,277 
3,428,273 


16.113.379 
19,357,376 

1.695.799 
2,075.087 
1.496.528 
l,422,72i 
714.282 
1,170,183 
1,693.729 
3,380,339 


1916(Full  Year.) 


No.     Li'bltes. 


220 
63 
59 
928 
307 
113 


1,690 


2,494 

411 

1,163 


4,068 
5,017 

226 
25 
47 
343 
152 
226 
161 
5c»5 
342 


1,917 


277 
349 
3.58 
181 
187 
319 
310 
588 


13,6.57.671 
28.640,.369j . 


2,569 


Dollars. 

1,994,616 

223,117 

602,544 

10.326,675 

2,132,970 
586,464 


15,866,386 


39,050,788 

7,924,380 

15,863,174 


62,838,340 
104,207,365 

2,534,981 
120,818 
625,668 
2,018,682 
1,910,050 
3,670,695 
1,733,457 
3,246,161 
3,496,864 


19,357,376 


1,512,4.55 
6,227,729 
5,178,828 
2,005,172 
2,098,782 
2,202,813 
3,478,367 
5,936,223 


28.640.369 


STATES. 


Ohio 

642 

Ind 

385 

Ill 

895 

Mich 

354 

Wis 

Total... 

231 

2,197 

1916 

2, 8a  7 

Minn 

267 

la . 

231 

Mo 

N.  Dak. 
S.  Dak.. 

Neb 

Kan 

Tot:il., 
1916 


Mont .  .  . 
Idaho . .  . 
Wyo.. . . 

Col 

N.  Max., 

Ariz 

Utah ... 
Nev 


Total., 
1916 


Wash . 
Ore... 
Cal.  .. 


Total.. 
1916 


V.  S  Total 
1916 


1917  (Full  Year.) 


No.      Assets.     Li'bltes, 


410 
44 
44 
113 
146 


1,581 

90 
58 
13 
87 
17 
40 
92 
26 


423 

423 

251 
318 
919 


1,518 
1,845 

13,855 
1H,993 


Dollars. 
7,502,652 
2.069,511 
6.189,909 
3,632..j90 
1,578,J32 


1,197,712 
1,026,611 
1,720,622 
398.416 
158,260 
635,825 
657.656 


5,795,102 
6,578,466 

448,791 
405,238 

30,734 
371,704 

72,054 
232,112 
384,463 

.59,422 


2,004,517 
6,808,367 

4..583,607 
3,731.467 
3,250,717 


11,565,701 
8.103,447 


103,464.805 
113,.5!)9,026 


Dollars. 

8,660,152 
3,695,069 
11,496,437' 
4,832,o!?S 
l.SUl,-U8 


30,545. 7'.H 


1,776.502 
1,738,256 
4,113,4:54 
555,621 
270,231 
1.087,747 
1,171,514 


10,713,335 
12,.361,(:17 

52L'.6,J3 
464,821 

61,881 
557.399 

82.278 
311.858 
532,403 

76,616 


2,60^,914 
8,821,369 

6,381.477 
5,530,602 
6,374,1.5!) 


18.289.33? 
14i949,9.i; 


182,441,371 
196,212,25(1 


1916(Full  Year.) 


No.     Li'bltes. 


738 
528 

1,091 
290 

.250 

2,897 


318 

326 

509 

41 

42 
147 
198 


1,581 


30 
60 
12 
123 
23 
19 
81 
28 


426 


355 

360 

1,130 


1,845 


16,993 


Dollars. 

10,389,737 
5,362,616 

12,273.118 
2,053,462 
3.291.897 


33.370,830 


2,998,162 

2,241,549 

4,443,549 

344,928 

380.725 

1,049,732 

906,002 


12,364.647 


603,700 

1,556,462 

43,593 

5,096,585 

465,696 

77,532 

753.879 

226.922 


8,834,369 


3,418,803 
4,243.438 
7,287.696 


14.949,937 


196,212,256 


FAILURES  IN   THE   UNITED  STATES   BY   CLASSES.   CALENDAR  YEARS   1913-17. 


Manufacturers. 


Iron,  fouudries,  and  nails 

Machinery  and  tools 

Woolens,  carpets,  and  knit  goods. , 

Cottons,  lace,  and  hoi-iery 

Lumber,  carpenters,  and  coopers. 

Clothing  and  millinery 

Hats,  gloves,  and  furs 

Chemicals  and  drugs 

Printing  and  engraving 

Milling  and  bakers 

Leather,  shoes,  and  harness 

Liquors  and  tobacco 

Glass,  earthenware,  and  brick 


Total  manufacturing 

TRADERS. 

General  stores 

Groceries,  meat,  and  fish. . .  . 

Hotels  and  restaurants 

Liquors  and  tobacco 

Clothing  and  furnishing 

Dry  goods  and  carpets 

Shoes,  rubbers,  and  trunlis .  . 
Furniture  and  crockery .  .  .  . . 
Hardware,  stoves,  and  tools. 

Chemicals  and  drugs 

Paints  and  oils 

Jewelry  and  clocks 

Books  and  papers 

Hatjs,  fiu's,  and  glqyes 


Total  trading . . . 
Agents,  brokers,  etc. 


Total  commercial . 
Banking , 


i-IABILlTItS. 


1917. 


SI 

7 

1 
17 
G 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
4, 


347,467 
•205,32.5 
451,871 
9.53,989 
,181,812 
,130,915 
,026,457 
,489,757 
;RR8,.508 
,936,730 
,49.5,047 
,495,028 
876,375 


879,543,507 


S7. 

14 
4 
4 
5 
6 
1, 
2, 
2, 
2, 


,662,000 
,206,187 
,441,529 
,587,393 
,974,142 
,220,403 
,430,960 
773,802 
069.519 
182,039 
904,007 
787,026 
462,029 
516,799 


870,116,669 
32,781,195 


.?  182, 44 1,371 
18,451,964 


1910. 


31,519,093 

3,803,781 

502,428 

1,125,375 

13,164,602 
4,938,885 
1,280,170 
643,481 
1,879,247 
3,352,367 
2,2.56,663 
3,476.121 
6,289,805 


■872,099,580 

811,542,200 

12,929,101 

0,268,720 

5,253,554 

8,928,253 

11,525,923 

2,357,730 

2.647  602 

4,090,510 

2,351,209 

425,318 

2.790.361 

549,430 

452,990 


S91,373,828 
31,838,848 


$196,212,256 
10,396,779 


191.5, 


S3 ,999.092 

25,274.648 

2,153.536 

1,451,126 

16,304,701 

8,574,760 

1,636,104 

492,220 

5,270,229 

1,858,748 

3,219,045 

3,939,703 

3,112,205 


8112,026,484 

820,371,938 

14,400,248 

10,121,331 

9,898,475 

14,028.839 

28.846,365 

3,716,724 

6,315,546 

5,054,565 

4,950.067 

1.009.269 

5,822,430 

822,158 

1.086,896 


$150,233,647 
40,026,017 


S302,286,148 
37.223,234 


1914. 


54,184 

24,084 

1,770 

1,361 

22,517 

7.789 

2,2S9 

510 

4,035 

2,645 

1,673 

7,401 

4.522 


,220 
975 
072 
242 
,908 
341 
,075 
435 
286 
,943 
395 
629 
977 


.5135,636,279 

$15,735,321 

15,769,574 

7,370..302 

6,014,236 

15,472,621 

54,320,728 

4,522,988 

4,491,862 

6,321,488 

3,356,431 

895,084 

4,663,309 

817,546 

2,098,057 


5165,864,852 
56,407,728 


$357,908,859 
56,005,107 


1913. 


§15,142.492 

22,533.281 

1,301,400 

1,487,573 

19,400,891 

8,484.105 

1.646.966 

858,110 

2,043,942 

2,337,718 

3,527.375 

4.084,397 

5.060.894 


S123. 122.528 

313.183,035 

15,558,243 

4,870,891 

5,922,520 

11,074,778 

17,819,447 

4,748,617 

3,359,588 

4,505,482 

2,665,352 

655,960 

3,749,296 

509,442 

938,991 


8115,115,212 
34,434,548 


$272,672,288 
31.546.314 


Commercial  Failures ^  First  Half  of  1918. 


419 


COMMERCIAL     FAILURES — CoHlinned. 


The  totals  lor  nainta  and  oils  (manufactures)  omitted  in  preceding  table,  wer€ 
$544,949;   (1915)  ?',,312,744:   (1914)  8350,979;  (1913)  3901,237. 


-(1917)  5140,646;  (1916) 


Note — Iron,  woolens,  and  cottons  include  all  the  branches  of  those  manufactuies;  machinery  includes 
vehicles,  shipbuilding,  hardware,  fixtures,  and  implements;  lumber  includes  saw,  planing,  sash,  and  door 
mills  and  furniture;  clothing  includes  tailors,  men's  and  women's  clothing,  also  furnishings;  chemicals 
include  chemical  fertilizers;  printing  includes  books  and  maps;  leather  and  shoes  include  saddlery  and 
trunks;  liquors  include  wines,  brewers,  and  bottlers;  glass  includes  pottery,  lime,  cement,  quarry,  and  stone; 
groceries  include  creamery,  teas,  and  coffees;  hotels  include  lodging  houses  and  caterers;  dry  goods  Include 
department  stores,  curtains,  and  draperies;  furniture  includes  glass  and  glassware;  hardware  includes 
implements  and  utensils;  and  jewelry  includes  watches  and  optical  goods.  Brokers  include  agents,  com- 
mission men,  real  estate  agents,  insurance,  storage,  express,  harbor  lines,  etc. 


OOMiVSERCI.AL    f'AiLURES,    FIRST    HALF    OF    1918. 


States. 


Maine. . . . 

N.  H 

Vt 

Mas3 

CO'lil .  .  .  . 

R.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  J 

Pa 

Md..  ..♦. . 

Del 

U.  of  Col 

Va 

W.  Vii. . . . 

N.  O 

S.  C 

Ga 


«.L    l&ib 


No.     -■'.bseie.    Liabil's 


8-1 

23 

-184 
)(jS 

mz 

169 

70 
Id' 

65 
3-I 
79 
33 
59 


DoUa 

■152 

!»7 

•,r:7 

H30 

■iVi 

13,07t 

!.:»4, 

4,3W, 

382: 

34 

K)2 

517 

235, 

753 

304 

t,235: 


73'J 

i-i: 

012 

11\ 

.&!? 
219 

m 

iiy 

,822 
,013 
,540 
,921 
,730 
,411 
,513 
.623 


DcUars . 

639,754 

182.412 

216,928 

8,713,183 

1,612,185 

391,770 

23,901,593 

2,101,456 

8,150,170 

551,273 

166,521 

112,225 

715,866 

356,907 

863,058 

387,254 

1,435,137 


St.^ti: 


Fla .  . 
Ky .  . 
Tenn . 
Ala.  . 
Miss. 
Ark.. 
Okla . 
La. . . 
Texas 
Ohio, 
ind . . 
Ill .  .  . 
Mich  . 
Wis . . 
Minn 
Iov\M . 
Mo.  . 


TOTAL   1918. 


No.     Assets.    Liabil's 


97 
48 
44 

:a 

78 
78 
139 
336 
174 
391 
208 
96 
!3t 
130 
157 


Dollars . 

367,315 

296,134 

^65,825 

'384,730 

77,429 

214,821 

335,526 

194,440 

.583,062 

4,688,416 

721,631 

2,578,222 

2,361,338 

1,137,825 

838,422 

459,934 

2,411,626 


1, 


Dollars . 

439,257 

448,757 

108,856 

538,592 

130,239 

342,444 

479,463 

361,761 

1,285,880 

4,462,208 

1,212,749 

4,897,440 

3,074,524 

1,171,254 

1,242,547 

879,381 

4,830,631 


States. 


N.  D 

S.  D 

Neb  ...... 

Kan 

Mont. .  .  .  . 
Idalio  .... 

Wyo 

Col 

N.  Mex.  . 

Ariz 

Utah 

Nev 

Wash .... 

Ore 

Cal 

U.  S.  Tofl 


I'OTAL   1918. 


No.     Assets.   Liabil's 


19 
14 
34 
53 
44 
33 

54 
6 
17 
34 
12 
78 

125 

38 


Dollars . 

267,836 

67,228 

248,729 

242,498 

384,024 

190,999 

134,536 

380,645 

40,328 

281,642 

155,167 

63,952 

1,415,088 

3,291,2(5 

3,223,97,- 


5,889  53,751,093  87,793,,562 


Dollars . 
203,219 

42,613 
116,341 
162,019 
399,106 
182,115 
113,023 
176,736 

34,048 
120,712 
112,525 

29,130 

797,917 

2,958,641 

1,792,091 


FAILURES,    BY    CLASSES,    FIRST    AND    Sl:COND    QUARTERS,    1918. 


MANUFACTURERS. 


Iron,  foundries  and  tiaUs 
Machinery  and  tools.  .  . 
Woolens,     carpels    and 

knit  goods 

Cottoris,  lace  &  hosiery . 
Lumber,  carpenters  and 

coopers 

Clothing  and  millinpry  . . 
Hats,  gloves  and  furs. . . 
Chemicals  and  drugs .  .  . 

Palnls,iind  oils 

Priiiliilg  and  engr.n.ving. . 

Millinv;  and  bakers 

Leatiicr,  shoes  &  hain'a. 
Liquors  and  tobacco  .  . 
Glass,  earthenware  and 

brick 

All  other 


Total  manufacTiiiiag . 


Flrat  Quarter 

Sec'd  Qiiartorl 

Xo. 

Liabir.s. 

Liabili'.s. 

Dollars . 

NO. 

Dollars. 

! 

56,562 

10 

113,753 

55 

2,081,850 

41 

1,742,361 

3 

32,909 

8 

i85,528 

11 

100,053 

104 

1,682,934 

75 

2,116,226 

119 

1,116,068 

7o 

1,084,135 

9 

102,442 

10 

142,644 

12 

133,754 

11 

117,867 

3 

18,439 

5 

32,812 

45 

455,322 

43 

1,138,923 

68 

518,269 

49 

415,531 

16 

363,650 

31 

895,840 

19 

3,625,567 

22 

629,873 

23 

901,188 

22 

750,467 

364 

852 

7,747,145 

318 

726 

0,791,857 

18,988,718 

16,105,251 

General  stores 

Groceries,  meat  and  flsb 
Hotels  and  restaurants. 
Liquors  and  tobacco .  . 
Clothing  and  furnishing 
Dry  goods  and  carpets. 
Shoes,  rub'rs  and  trunks 
Furniture  and  crockery . 
Hardware,  stoves  &  tools 
Chemicals  and  drugs .  . 

Paints  and  oils 

Jewelry  and  clocks .... 

Books  and  papers 

Hats,  furs  and  gloves . . 

Total  trading 

Agents,  brokers,  etc . . . 

Total  commercial.  .  . 
Banking .  . 


First  Quarter 


NO. 

191 

625 

114 

128 

259 

130 

62 

57 

46 

95 

9 

101 

12 

7 


2,226 
222 


3,300 
10 


Liabil's. 


Dollars . 

1,340,141 

2,684,987 

1,735,814 

784,840 

2.080,821 

3,019,793 

377,120 

608,750 

311,390 

690,889 

41,554 

1,098,924 

56,211 

24,957 


19,263,903 
11,527,679 


49,780,300 
2,325,000 


Sec'd  Quartei 


NO. 

149 

553 

106 

143 

169 

64 

43 

47 

39 

75 

11 

32 


1,685 
178 


2,589 


Liabil's. 


Dollars . 

1,298,836 

2,753,531 

842,151 

957,015 

1,679,737 

545,374 

203,708 

378,778 

280,877 

897,945 

53,080 

251,362 

95,767 

69,358 


13,019,441 
8,888,570 


38,013,262 


CANADIAN    FAILURES,  FIRST   HALF   OF    1918. 


Provinces. 

Commercial. 

MANUI'-ACTUIUNG. 

Thading. 

Othek  Com'l. 

No. 

Assets. 

Liabilities . 

No. 

Liabilities . 

No. 

Liabilities . 

No. 

Liabilities. 

Ontario 

1G3 

191 

16 

17 

82,814,827 

2,204,011 

903,525 

270,908 

53,208,455 

2,961,402 

995,049 

822,254 

59 

55 

6 

6 

82,735,116 

1,052,741 

856,030 

728,810 

93 

132 

11 

11 

8452,819 

1,733,900 

139,019 

91,925 

11 
4 

820,520 

174.815 

British  Columbia 

Nova  Scotia 

1 

1,519 

62 
10 
2 
14 
36 

151,2i3 

8,250 

4,529 

139,418 

155,612 

243,346 

23,414 

18,487 

149,180 

233,047 

5 

19,220 

40 
8 
2 
9 

32 

204,016 

20,214 

18,487 

123,135 

178,831 

7 
2 

20,110 

New  Brunswick 

Prince  Edward  Isl . . . 

3,200 

3 

1 

19,6i9 
50,000 

2 
3 

7,026 

Saskatchewan 

4,316 

Total 

601 

$6,652,293 

S8,654,R!>.1. 

133 

85,400,936 

338 

82,062.352 

30 

$231,406 

There  were  no  tmnkiug  failures  in  Canada  in  the  first  half  of  1913. 


"420 


Record  of  New  Incorporations. 


CANADIAN 

FAILURES, 

1915-17. 

Manufactdrers. 

1917. 

1916. 

1915. 

No. 

Liabilities. 

No 

Liabilities. 

No. 

Liabilities. 

Iron  and  foundries 

5 
18 

1 

SI  63,000 

692,718 

35,000 

9 

14 

2 

2 

47 

51 

5 

1 

2 

24 

40 

13 

10 

15 

128 

$330,005 

151.590 

9,400 

501.900 

3,290.284 

259.558 

72,800 

5,000 

11,200 

140.440 

266.019 

29  J, 804 

59;J,701 

.1.371.062 

1.4SS.283 

8 

51 

5 

2 

75 

102 

12 

21 

890,005 

730,998 

Woolens,  carpets,  el  c 

45,300 

'5,100 

45 

35 

5 

2 

1 

12 

20 

13 

11 

8 

85 

2,577,040 

846,926 

62,400 

21,500 

6,000 

807,812 

61.843 

355.217 

385.925 

329,415 

1,110.298 

4,115,701 

1,180,201 

541.202 

Chemicals  and  drugs 

S54.498 

Paints  and  oils , . . 

Printing  and  engraving , . 

32 

40 
It 
.12 
25 

2.30 

282,302 

Milling  and  bakers. ■.'. 

331,392 

Leather,  shoes,  etc 

41.0.503 

Liquors  and  tobacco 

521.802 

Glass  and  earthenware 

1,611.701 

All  other : . . 

3,605.709 

Manufacturing 

261 

133 

239 
72 
21 
62 
51 
35 

8 
26 
19 

1 
10 

8 

8 
84 

S7 ,455,094 

Sl.578,645 

949,435 

985,230 

96,655 

337,184 

1,629,397 

371,126 

130,496 

277,711 

126,529 

3,100 

129,440 

210,200 

430,075 

1,162,016 

363 

217 

315 

127 

49 

120 

72 

58 

25 

52 

22 

3 

29 

16 

10 

122 

58,796,646 

$1,835,694 

1,298.125 

1.901.753 

433.134 

1.172,064 

1,341,716 

262,325 

541,417 

581.917 

116,549 

25,000 

183,066 

63,945 

78,274 

2,455,389 

6.35 

295 

414 

162 

88 

130 
75 
53 
8o 
,T1 

813,877,414 

Traders. 
General  stores     

54,333,603 

Groceries  and  meats 

1,676,007 

3,368,502 

Liquors  and  tobacco 

6:i::,903 

Clothing  and  furnishing 

2,534.096 

Dry  goods  and  carpets 

l,H('i,208 

Shoes,  rubber,  and  trunks 

078.804 

Furniture  and  crockery 

.';^2 1.904 

Hardware  stove   and  tools  . 

1,15'1.79S 

Chemicals  and  drugs 

2S0.805 

Jewelry  and  clocks 

41 

2f, 

IS 

243 

295.005 

Books  and  papers 

124.308 

Hats,  Jurs  and  glovos 

392.597 

All  other 

3,805.263 

Tracing 

777 
59 

$8,417,239 
2,369,132 

1,237 

85 

$12,290,368 
3,982,520 

MRS 
118 

321,696,890 

Agents  and  brokers 

5,5S8,017 

Total 

1.097 

S18,241,465 

1,085 

$25,069,534 

2.611 

841,162.321 

FAILURES   IN   UNITED    STATES,    1857-1917. 


Year. 

No. 

1857.. 

4.932 

1858.. 

4,225 

1859.. 

3,913 

I860.. 

3.675 

1861.. 

6,993 

1862.. 

1,652 

1863.. 

495 

1864.. 

520 

1865.. 

530 

1866.. 

1,505 

1867.. 

2,780 

1868.. 

2,608 

1969.. 

2,799 

1870.. 

3,546 

1871.. 

2,915 

1872.. 

4.009 

Dollars. 


291.750.000 
95.749,000 
64.394.000 
79.807.000 

207.210,000 
23,049,000 
7,899,000 
8,579,000 
17.625,000 
53,783,000 
96,666,000 
63,694,000 
75,054  000 
88,242.000 
85,252.000 

121,0.56,000 


Ye.^R, 


1873. 
1874. 
1875. 
1876. 
1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 


No. 


5,183 
5,830 
7,740 
9,092 
8,872 
10,478 
6,658 
4,735 
5,582 
6,738 
9,184 
10,968 
10.637 
9,834 
9,634 


Dollars. 


228,499,000 
155,239,000 
201,000,000 
191,117,000 
.190,669,936 
234,383,132 
98,149,053 
65,752,000 
81,155,932 
101,547,564 
172.874,172 
226.343.427 
124,220.321 
114.644.119 
167.560.944 


Year. 

No. 

1888.. 

10,679 

1889.. 

10,882 

1890.. 

10.907 

1891.. 

12.273 

1892.. 

10.344 

1893.. 

15.242 

1894.. 

13.885 

1895.. 

13.197 

1896.. 

15.088 

1897.. 

13.351 

1898.. 

12,180 

1899.. 

9,337 

1900.. 

10,774 

1901.. 

11,002 

1902.. 

11,615 

Doilais. 


128,829,973 
148,784,337 
189,856,964 
189,868.638 
114.044.167 
346,779,889 
172,992,850 
173,196.060 
226.096.834 
154.332,071 
130.662.895 
90,879,889 
138,495,673 
113,092,379 
117,476,769 


YE.iR. 


1903 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
190S. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


iNO. 


12.069 
12.199 
11.520 
10,682 
11,725 
15,690 
12,924 
12,652 
13,241 
15,452 
15,632 
18,280 
22.156 
16.993 
13.855 


Dollars. 


145,444,185 
144,202,311 
102,676,172 
119,201,515 
197,385,225 
222,315,684 
154,603,465 
201,757,097 
186,498.823 
203,117,391 
250,802,536 
357,908.859 
302.286,148 
196,212,256 
182,441.371 


ASSETS    AND    FAILED    FIRMS,    1894-1917. 

Year. 

Assets. 

Yeah. 

Assets.     II   Yeap.. 

Assets. 

Year. 

Assets. 

Ye,»r. 

A.ssct«. 

Dollars. 

Dollars.      \ 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dolhirs. 

1917... 

103.464.805 

1912. . 

126,287.321 

1907 .  .  . 

138,535,645 

1902 .  .  . 

.58.729.557 

1807 .  .  . 

105,014,054 

1916... 

113.599,026 

1911. . . 

124,516,544 

1906.  .  . 

66,610,322 

1901..  . 

55,455.940 

IS^'j .  .  . 

156,081,500 

1915... 

183,453.785 

1910. .. 

136,538,168 

1905.  .  . 

57,826,090 

1900 .  .  . 

78.079,555 

1895. .. 

121,021,535 

1914... 

205,293.046 

1909. .. 

102.773,007 

1904. .. 

84,438,076 

1899... 

.50.221,409 

1S91. . . 

121,251,136 

1913. . . 

174,688.151 

1903.  . 

146,199.325 

1903 .  .  . 

90.013.9S1 

1898.  .  . 

82.-^7  7. 452 

RECORD     OF     NEW     INCORPORATIONS. 

Following  are  the  comparative  figures  as  speciallv  compiled  by  The  Journal  of  Commerce  and  Com- 
mercial Bulletin  of  companies  incorporated  in  the  Eastern  States  during  the  last  three  years  vsith  an  authorized 
capital  of  Sl.000.000  or  more: 


1917. 

1916. 

lul,>. 

1917. 

1916. 

1915. 

Jan 

5244,450.000 

$270,995,000 

551,1.50,000  Aug 

5382,100,000 

S113,472,000 

$67,100,000 

Feb 

283.815.000 

365,995,300 

53,9.50.000 

Sept 

202,500,000 

104,700,000 

286,625,000 

Mar..  .  . 

281,000.000 

194,750,000 

70.050.000 

Oct 

308,513,700 

303,768.700 

208,695,000 

Apr .... 

361  510.000 

166,650,000 

32,200.000 

Nov 

285,590,000 

260,407,800 

190,075,000 

May.... 
June  - 

388,481,000 
352,584,000 
416,350,000 

209,735,000 
264,350,000 
217,662,500 

78.950,000 

181.247.100 

71,100,000 

Dec 

1 186,350,000 

230,850,000 

135,125,000 

July. .  . . 

Total. 

$3,693,243,700 

32,669,2«,300 

$1,426,267,100 

Building  Construction  in  Boston — 1871-1917. 


421 


RATIO    OF 

FAII.KD    FIRMS 

TO    ALL    FIRMS,    1866-1917. 

No.  ol     No.  of 

Vo  of 

No.  of 

No.  of 

%  of 

No.  of 

No.  of 

%  of 

YE.\R. 

Fail- 

Buainjess 

Fail- 

Year. 

Fail- 

Business 

FaU- 

Year. 

Fail- 

Business 

Fail- 

ures. 

Concerns 

ures. 

mes. 

Concerns 

ures. 

ures. 

Concerns 

ures. 

1917 

13,855 

1,733,226 

.80 

1899 

9,337 

1,147,595 

.81 

1882..... 

6,788 

822,256 

.82 

1916 

16,993 

1,707,639 

.99 

1898 

12,186 

1,105,830 

1.10 

1881 

4,735 

781.689 

.71 

1915 

22,156 

1, '674,788 

1.32 

1897 

13,351 

1,068,521 

1.26 

1880 

4,375 

746.823 

.63 

1914 

18,280 

1,655,496 

1.10 

1896 

15,088 

1,151,679 

1.31 

1879 

6,658 

702,167 

.95 

1913 

16,037 

1.616.517 

,99 

1895 

13,197 

1.209,282 

1.09 

1878 

10,478 

674,741 

1.55 

1912 

15,452 

1,664,279 

.98 

1894 

13,885 

1.114,174 

1.25 

1877 

8,872 

652,006 

1.36 

1911 

13,441 

1,525.024 

.81 

1893 

15,242 

1,193,113 

1.28 

1876 

9,092 

681,900 

1.33 

1910 

12,652 

1,515,143 

.80 

1892 

10,344 

1,172,705 

.88 

1875 

7,740 

642,420 

1.21 

1909 

12,924 

1,456,389 

.80 

1891 

12,273 

1,142,951 

1.07 

1874 

5,830 

600,490 

.97 

1908 

15,690 

1,447,554 

1.08 

1890 

10,907 

1,110,590 

.98 

1873 

5,183 

559.764 

.93 

1907 

11,725 

1,418,076 

.82 

1889 

10,882 

1,051,140 

1.04 

1872 

4,069 

528,970 

.77 

1906 

10,682 

1,392,949 

.77 

1888 

10,679 

1,046,662 

1.02 

1871 

2,915 

475,145 

.61 

1905 

11,520 

1,357,465 

.85 

1887 

9,634 

994,281 

.90 

1870 

3,546 

427,230 

.83 

1904 

12,199 

1,320,172 

.92 

1886 

9,824 

969,841 

1.01 

1869 

2,799 

352,674 

.79 

1903 

12,069 

1,281.481 

.94 

18S5 

10,637 

919,990 

1.16 

1868 

2,608 

278.840 

.94 

1902 

11,615 

1,253,172 

.93 

1884 

10,968 

904,759 

1.21 

1867 

2,780 

209.720 

1.33 

1901 

11,002 

1.219.242 

.90 

1S83 

9.184 

863,993 

1.06 

1866 

1,505 

160.000 

.94 

1900 

10,774  1,174,300 

.92 

All  jears  jirc  full  calendar  years. 


BANK    FAILURES    IN    TKE 

UNITED    STATES,    1893-1917. 

Year. 

Total. 

National.        i 

Year. 

Total. 

National. 

No. 

Liabilities. 

No. 

Liabilities. 

NO. 

Liabilities. 

Na. 

Liabilities. 

1917 

1916 

1915 

1913 

1912 

1Q11 

42 

50 

133 

120 

79 

107 

119 

80 

180 

132 

68 

78 

518,461,904 
10,396,779 
37.223.234 
31,646,314 
24,219,522 
25.511.606 
41.097,255 
24,677,128 
123,126,956 
233,325,972 
18,805,380 
20,227.155 

4 

8 

18 

7 

4 

3 

10 

11 

31 

12 

8 

16 

83,700,000 
1,755,000 

13,649,000 
5,197,336 
8,313,000 
1,250,000 
4,284,482 
4,109,224 

48,388,000 

12,533,000 
1,490,966 
4.198.348 

1904 

1903 

1902 

1901 

1900 

1899 

99 

121 

63 

74 

58 

55 

80 

171 

198 

132 

125 

642 

§28,158,811 
29,685,766 
10,969,072 
18,018,774 
14,456,563 
27,116,790 
18,395,094 
28,249,700 
50,718,915 
20,710,210 
125,666,035 
210,998.808 

24 

12 

2 

9 

6 

10 

11 

28 

34 

34 

18 

161 

$10,257,223 
5,735,477 
420,617 
5,666,231 
1,312,721 
7,106,567 

1910 

1909 

1908 

1907 

1906 

1905 

1898 

1897 

1896 

1895 

1894. 

1893 

4.102.290 
5,977.421 

22.674.612 
6,863,842 
4,803,616 

67,673,894 

CINCINNATI    BUILDING    CONSTRUCTION-1  888-1  91  7. 


Estimated 

Eslimaied 

Estimated 

Estimated 

Year. 

Cost  of 

YEAR. 

Cost  of 

Year. 

Cost  of 

YEAR. 

Cost  of 

Structures. 

Structures. 

Structures. 

Structures. 

1888 

$4,098,308 

1896 

§2,864,953 

1904 

56.325,330 

1911 

$13,383,000 

1889 

4,143,214 

1897 

2,486,900 

1905 

9.709,450 

1912 

8,962,214 

1890 

4,310,701 

1898 

1,873,070 

1908 

7.101,866 

1913 

8,348,432 

1891 

5,008,538 

1899 

2,650,879 

1907 

7,737.062 

1914 

8,820,446 

1892 

4,229,809 

1900 

2,145.035 

1908 

6,428,988 

1915 

14,025.333 

1893 

3.673,939 

1901 

3,505,450 

1909 

7.806,369 

1916 

10,842,895 

1894 

3,131,980 

1902 

4,669,585 

1910 

8,052,915 

1917 

10,451,315 

1895 

S,049,744 

1903 

4,502,255 

BUILDING    CONSTRUCTION    I'H    BOSTON— 1 871 -1  917. 


Year. 


1917. 

1916. 

1915. 

1914. 

1913. 

1912. 

1911. 

1910 

1909. 

190S. 

1907. 

1900. 

1905. 

1904. 

1903 

1902. 

1901. 

1900. 

1899. 

1898 

1897. 

1896. 

1895. 

1894. 


Brick.  Wood. 


445 

704 

,008 

1,438 

637 

1.219 

465 

1,084 

44!) 

1,225 

409 

1,295 

271 

1,063 

38,'-. 

1,051 

390 

1,154 

166 

680 

S.-JS 

865 

479 

1,153 

158 

222 

409 

696 

287 

549 

235 

596 

413 

610 

614 

1,238 

317 

990 

396 

1,262 

364 

2,003 

337 

1,498 

3«1 

1,345 

189 

1,076 

Total. 


$17,194,094 
32.791,492 
29,113,692 
24,192,708 
22,780,011 
26,756,652 
19,401,896 
20,875,671 
16,756,431 
11,262,662 
19,223,226 
23,054,701 
12,364,747 
22,028,067 
15,264,940 
13,529,110 
17,8.59,711 
16,446,200 
15,531,490 
15,290,870 
19,542,399 
16,305,836 
21,132,634 
9,072,772 


\  ear. 


1893.. 
1892.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1889.. 
1888.. 
1887 . . 
1886.. 
1885.. 
1884.. 
1883.. 
1882.. 
1881.. 
1880.. 
1879.. 
1878.. 
1877 . . 
1876.. 
1875.. 
1874 . . 
1873.. 
1872.. 
1871.. 


Brick. 


262 
329 
318 
390 
349 
316 
417 
425 
350 
262 
238 
238 
203 
159 


210 
191 
266 
355 
497 
697 

706 


Wood. 


1,621 

1,964 

1,529 

1,629 

1,659 

1,487 

1,431 

1,477 

1,468 

1,199 

703 

788 

300 

273 


421 
606 
613 
772 
1,029 
721 

1 ,034 


Total. 


$16,127,723 

17,364,413 

18,893,606 

14,736,610 

17,120,777 

12,343,223 

12,627,102 

15,870,705' 

13,331,550 

10,462,207 

9,921,609 

8,918,969 

3,144,260 

3,292,080 


4,299,988 

6,446,655 

8,082,576 

11,957,038 

49,444,371 


Constructiou  figures  do  not  Include  alterations.     Cost  total  iurludea  alterations. 


422       Cost  of  New  Buildings  in  American  Cities— 1910-1917. 


COST    OF    NEW    SUILDINCS    IN    AMERICAN    CITIES-1 91 0-191 7. 


City. 


Atlanta.  Gu 

Baltimore,  Md 

Boston,  Mass 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

Cambridge,  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Dayton,  Ohio 

Denver,  Col 

Detroit,  Mich 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich 

Hartford,  Conn 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Jersey  City,  N.J 

Kansas  City,  Kan 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Louisville.  Ky 

Lowell,  Mass 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Newark,  N.J 

New  Bedford,  Mass 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  York,  N.  Y 

Oakland,  Cal 

Omaha,  Neb 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Pittsburgli  and  Allegheny.. 

Portland,  Ore 

Providence,  R.I 

Reading,  Pa 

Richmond,  Va 

Rochester,  N.  Y 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

St.  Paul,  Minn 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Scranton,  Pa 

Seattle,  Wash 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  O 

Worcester,  Mass 


1912. 


S9,806,836 


26,755,652 

40,537,784 

12,992,000 

2,946,490 

83.175,900 

8,660,264 

18,180,078 

4,676,303 

3,552,120 

5,332,675 

25,588,470 

1,240,255 

2,466.516 

7,.379,525 

9,150.407 

5,911,880 

795,775 

12,127,079 

31,367,995 

6,562,777 

1,291,649 

7,162,214 

15,257,102 

14,229,47.'") 

1,378.997 

11,628.358 

2.400,050 

■1,762,341 

3,309,620 

163,519,362 

8,821,950 

4,546,701 

36,392,405 

11,530,531 

14,652,071 

8,530,800 

1.671,425 

6,255,711 

12,035,466 

1,119,797 

20,675.804 

8,051.417 

23..338.563 

1.716.491 

8,415.325 

4,487.861 

5.321.42(i 

17,593.848 

0.689.900 


1913. 


35,112,944 

14,053*802 

22,780,011 

34,762,506 

13,300,360 

6,588,685 

89.668.427 

7,543,475 

22„5t3,365 

5,508,408 

3,288,3.50 

2,797,148 

30,434.380 

1,607,855 

4,169,000 

6,784,751 

9,361,973 

5,413,607 

1,252,860 

10,578,162 

31.041,921 

3,617  540 

969,808 

3,949,368 

13,647,624 

12,857,935 

'i6,317,973 

3,067,700 

4,790,151 

4,088,261 

107,104,707 

8,536,251 

4,110,733 

35,125,810 

15,470,955 

12.956,915 

7,239,100 

848,850 

3,636,470 

9,642,124 

895,079 

15,340,012 

9,450.450 

21,037,264 

1,413,559 

9,321,116 

5,206,768 

5,863,101 

10,499,402 

4,780,495 


1914. 


34,564,387 

16,308,299 

23,187,282 

41,872,307 

10,709,000 

6,300,105 

83.261,710 

8,150,000 

26,991,060 

6,885,065 

2,977,990 

3,750,460 

28,207,395 

1,493,236 

3,618,119 

4,052,076 

7,933,381 

3,826,174 

1,110,988 

10,204,070 

17,361,925 

4,397,310 

773,514 

2,946,818 

0,882,085 

15,214,525 

'  i6,'o'6'l',9i6 

3,039,730 

4,380,842 

2,948,751 

74,030,241 

4,717,620 

4,610,456 

34,694,340 

18,194,182 

8,334,075 

6,334,900 

1,148,850 

3,391,571 

8,733,257 

625,574 

12,885,398 

14,718,696 

28,177,563 

1.668,904 

12,664,970 

3,412,184 

6,090,182 

10,416,645 

5,731,469 


Total 8738,989,710  $673,220,625  3619,752,354  8641,769,199  3780,183,970  $512,576,744 


1915. 


54,589,214 

9,541,891 

29,113,692 

45,601,851 

11,798,000 

3,384,290 

97.291,400 

13,443,414 

32,660,305 

4,928,425 

3,534,620 

2,648,575 

32,235,540 

1,824,696 

2,684,037 

5,575,895 

7,083,642 

5,351,630 

962,749 

10,667,405 

11,888,662 

4,055,390 

1,231,310 

2,730,488 

11,564,325 

16,349.940 

"6,V62,652 
3,126,734 
7,104,947 
2,950,357 
103,023,800 
6,046,290 
6,385,005 

35,010,640 

14,227,020 
4,895,345 
7,023,700 
1,102,100 
3,244,762 
9,108,333 
942,770 

11,439,320 
9,237,458 

13,990,704 
1,683,592 
6,456,996 
4,693,316 
7,563,680 
9,749,301 
4,526,382 


1916. 


$3,661,846 

9,246,497 

27,826,628 

37.074,558 

13,137,000 

4,210,946 

112,835,150 

8,597,265 

33,098,266 

7,193,240 

5,589,727 

4,028,840 

51,067,590 


3,479,239 

7,383,163 

8,899,404 

5,005,243 

778,430 

11,057,643 

15,036,025 

4,030,435 

1,745,310 

3,091,970 

14,762,851 

22,909,910 

3,621,132 

S.808,316 

4.762,081 

5,020,446 

3,117,614 

152,482,704 

5,570,296 

7,225,957 

49,896,370 

13,556,965 

6,.301,360 

7,053,600 

1,401,725 

4,927,396 

9,036,431 

tt92,142 

12,753,386 

11.128,627 

18,837.153 

1.540,972 

8,304,689 

4,278,143 

9,692,268 

15,049,804 

6,633.349 


1917. 


«4,971,612 
6,302,643 

23,426,661 

28,503,290 

10,501,000 
3,741,273 

64.188,750 
7,921,110 

30,483,750 
3,914,730 
3,946,736 
4,252,000 

39,692,306 


1,907.017 
7,681,616 
7,103,038 
3,596,718 
1,6.56,965 

10,138,450 

16,932,082 
1,607,280 
1,524,259 
2,626,850 

11,149,492 
9,257,285 
1,095,575 
9,336,594 
3,053,211 
5,044,869 
2,747,678 

37,614,000 
4,383,132 
7,737,047 

34,055,480 

11,464,207 
3.642,735 
2.041,700 
912,875 
4,118,688 
6,719,620 
827,641 

104,48,614 
7,217,140 

15,586,337 
1,421,486 
6,714,315 
4,252,701 
7,264,546 

12,916,886 
4,332,855 


Figures  lor  1916  and  1917  are  from  Bradstreet's.  New  York  means  Manhattan  and  Bronx,  iind  the 
figures  for  1917  clo  not  include  alterations:  Manhattan,  .'513,669,644;  the  Bronx,  $1,580,885.  Manhattan, 
1917,  now  buildings,  829,068,525:  the  Bronx,  38.545,  475. 

BUILDING  OPERATIONS  IN  U.  S.  IN  1917. 
(From  Bradstreet's.) 
The  total  number  of  permits  filed  atl57  cities  of  the  United  States  in  1917  was  233,101,  and  the  total 
value  was  8704,674,761,  decreases  of,  respectively,  19.7  and  29.3  per  cent.     Every  group  of  cities  sliowed  a 
decrease  in  permits  and  values. 


Section. 

No. 

of 

Cities 

No.  of 
Per- 
mits. 
1917. 

Values 
1017. 

Compared 
t;ith  1916. 

Section. 

No. 

of 

Cities 

No.  of 
Per- 
mits. 
1917. 

Values 
1917. 

CO;>iI','VRED 
WITH    1916. 

P'mts. 

Values 

P'mts. 

Valuea 

New  EDg. . 
Middle.... 
Western.. . 
Northwest 
Southwest. 

26 
30 
22 
19 
14 

18,025 
64,646 
63,108 
23,661 
17,120 

870,987,172 
209,046,011 
135,255,328 
123,510,386 
41,535,547 

D  19.9 
D  18.1 
D  19.1 
D  26.7 
D  14.0 

D24.2 
D41.3 
D  16.7 
D38.4 
D    5.0 

Southern. . 
Far  West. . 

25 
22 

25,276 
41,265 

52,894.657 
71,445,001 

D25.1 
D  14.1 

D.14.3 
D    9.1 

T'l  U.  S.. 
Canada. . . 

157 
11 

233,101 
11,049 

704,674,761 
22,226,315 

D  19.7 
D       .8 

O  29.3 
D  18.2 

The  largest  decrease  In  permits  was  In  the  northwestern  group,  26.7  per  cent,  while  the  southwestern 
and  fai'-western  gi'oups  showed  the  smallest  losses,  with  decreases  in  the  neighborhood  of  14  per  cent  each. 

The  following  table  shows  the  aggregate  expenditures  at  120  identical  cities  for  nine  years  past: 
^Second  Six 


Year. 


I90a, 
1910: 
1911 
1912 
1913 


First  Six 
Months. 


3465,045,920 
449,650,527 
412,647,909 
449,572,933 
441,471.209 


Months. 


3423,068,821 
397,341,095 
411,499,975 
429,521,375 
373.038.151 


Total. 


$888,114,741 
846,991,822 
824,147,884 
879,094..-i08 
814,509,360 


Year. 


1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 


First  Six 
Mouths. 


413,178,231 
371,807,026 
464,043,750 
377.072,649 


Second  Six 
Months. 


316,622,841 
391,476,785 
455,391,453 
256,411,164 


Total. 


728,801,072 
763,343,811 
919,435,203 
633,483,813 


The  American  Forestry  Association. 


423 


TABLE    OF    DEPRECIATION    IN    BUILDINGS. 

(By  R.  M.  Hurd.) 


CONSTRtrCTION  AND 

Occupancy. 


Cheap  frame,  ten.. . 
Cheap  frame,  res. . . 
Better  frame,  res. . . 
Cheap  brick,  ten.  .  . 


Term  of 
Life  in 
Years. 


10  to  15 

25  to  30 

50   to  75 

25  to  30 


Rate  of 
Fund  Pro- 
posed in% 


10  to  5 

3   to  2 

2  to  1 

3  to  2 


Term  of 

Sinking 

F(l.@3% 

in  Years. 


9  to  16 
23  to  31 
31  to  47 
23  to  31 


Construction  and 
Occupancy. 


Cheap  bricli,  res.  .  .  . 
Cheap  br.,  off.  bidg. 
Better  bricl;.  r!>,s.  .  .  . 
Gd.  br.,or^:t..ori.  bIdg 


Term  of 
Life  in 
Years. 


35  to  .50 

25  to  30 

50  to  75 

75  to  100, 


Rate  of 
Fund  Pro- 
posed in% 


2  to  1 

3  to  2 

1  1 2    to   1 
1 


Term  of 

Sinking 

Fd.®3% 

In  Years. 


31  to  47 
23  to  31 
37  to  47 
47 


ECONOMIC 

EXISTENCE  OF  BUILDINGS. 

Type  of 
Building. 

Life  in 
Years. 

TY-PE    OF 

Building. 

Life  iu 
Years. 

Type  of 
Building. 

Life  iu 
Years. 

Type  of 
Building. 

Life  in 
Years. 

"Taxpayer" 

Hotels 

Apart,  houses. . 

12  to  15 
15  to   18 
18  to  21 

Store  bldgs .... 
Ten.  and  flats . . 

21   to  25 
25   to  27 

Off.  &  bus.  bldgs 
Lofts  and  fac. . . 

27   to  33 
33  to  37 

Residences 

Banks  and  Inst. 

37  to  44 
44  to  50 

FIRE    LOSSES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES,    1875-1917. 

(These  are  the  property  losses,  estimated  hy  the  National  Board  of  Fire  TTiiderwriters.) 


Year 

VEAlt 

Loss. 

'i'KAK 

Loss. 

Year 

Loss. 

(Calendar.) 

(Calendar.) 

(Calendar.) 
1897 

(Calendar.) 

1875 

$78,102,285 

1886 

§104,924.750 

•S  116,3.54,575 

1908 

5217,885,850 

1876 

64,630,'o00 

1SS7 

120,283,055 

1898 

130,593.905 

1909 

188,705,150 

1877 

68,265,800 

1888 

110,885,665 

1899 

1.53,597,830 

1910 

214,003,300 

1878 

64,315,900 

1SS9 

123,046,833 

1900 

160,929,805 

1911 

217,004,575 

1879 

77,703,700 

1890 

108,993,792 

1901 

165,817,810 

1912 

206,438,900 

1880 

74,643,400 

1891 

143,764,967 

1902 

161,078,040 

1913 

203,763,550 

1881 

81,280,900 

1892 

151,516,098 

1903 

145,302,155 

1914 

221,439.350 

1882 ,. 

84,505,024 

1893 

167,544,370 

1904 

229,198,050 

1915 

172,033,200 

1883 *. 

100,149,228 

1894 

140,008,484 

1905 

165,221,050 

1916 

214,530,995 

1884 

110.008,611 

1895 

142,110,233 

1906 

518,611,800 

1917 

250,753,640 

1885 

102..S18,79G 

1896 

118,737,420 

11907 

215,084,709 

FIUK    LOSSKH    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES,    BY    MONTHS, 
(Compiled  by  R.  G.  Dun  &  Co.) 


1916-1917. 


Month. 

Wu. 

1910. 

1915. 

MONTH. 

1917. 

1916. 

1915. 

January .... 
February .  .  . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

536,431,770 
29,587,660 
17,528,000 
18,597,225 
24,968,800 
15,513,270 
16,143,050 

821,423,3.50 
24,770,770 
38,680,2.50 
12,681,0,^)0 
15,973,500 
12,247,500 
23,013,800 

520,060,600 
13,081,250 
18,786,400 
18,180,350 
11,388,450 
10,893,950 
9,000.800 

August 

September.  . 

October 

November .  . 
December. .  . 

Total 

.S21.751,I00 
13,814,490 
26,384,450 

20,198,025 
26,300.300 

310,745,000 
12,244.625 
17,701,375 
19,898,450 
22,063,325 

510,067,100 
14,823,500 
14,465,850 
21,204,850 
20,877,100 

S2G7,273,140 

5231,442,995 

$182,836,200 

LOSSES    BY    FIRES    IN    UNITED    STATES    NATSONAl.    FORESTS. 

(By  the  Forest  Service.) 
FOREST  fires  burned  over  962,000  acres  of  National  Forest  lands  in  1917  and  caused  a  loss  of  $1,358,060 
to  the  Government  in  i.imber,  forage,  and  young  growth,  according  to  figures  comiiiled  by  the  Forest  Ser- 
vice. Protracted  drought  and  period.?  of  high  winds  made  the  conditions  virtually  the  same  as  in  1910, 
when  many  persons  were  burned  to  death  and  25  million  dollars  worth  of  timber  on  the  National  Forests 
was  destroyed.  In  addition  to  the  actual  loss  in  timber  ana  lorage.  the  fires  of  1917  entailed  extra  expendi- 
tures by  the  Government  ol  $1,121,451.  Of  the  7,814  fires  all  but  2,132,  set  by  lightning,  were  caused  by 
human  agencies  and  could  have  been  prevented.  There  were  952  incendiary  fires,  mostly  in  Oregon,  Cali- 
fornia, and  Arkansas.  Careless  campers  were  responsible  for  1.288.  Railroads,  partly  through  failure  to 
comply  with  the  law  and  u.se  proper  spark  arresters,  set  1,003. 

THE    AMERICAN    FORESTRY    ASSOCIATION. 

THE  American  Forestry  A.ssoclatlon,  with  headquarters  at  1410  H  Street  Northwest,  Washington,  D.  C, 
was  organized  In  1882  and  imoriiorated  in  January,  1897.  It  is  devoted  to  the  oouservntion  of  private. 
State  and  National  forests  and  to  public  ediicaLion  in  the  knowledge  of  trees,  their  care  and  development. 
It  is  a  voluntary  organiijatidn  for  the  Inculcation  ana  spread  of  a  forest  policy  on  a  scale  adequate  for  economic 
needs,  and  any  person  is  eligible  for  memher.?hip.  It  is  independent,  has  no  official  connection  with  any 
Federal  or  State  Depsirtment  or  policv,  anri  is  novoted  to  a  public  service  conducive  to  National  prosperity. 
It  assorts  that  forestry  means  tne  propas:;itio  i  ..nd  carp  of  forests  for  the  production  of  timber  as  a  crop; 
protection  of  watersheds;  utlliisa.tiou  of  noii  -uuicultural  soil;  use  of  forests  for  public  recreation.  It  de- 
clares that  foreswv  is  of  iromon.sc  imDortiince  to  tne  peoprc;  that  the  latest  available  figures  show  that  the 
forests  annually  supply  ovo  i  1,500,000.000  worth  of  products;  employ  830,000  people;  pay  5440,000,000  In 
wages,  and  that  they  cover  650,000,000  acres  of  iana  unsuited  lor  agriculture;  regulate  the  distribution  ol 
water;  prevent  erosion  of  lands,  and  are  essential  to  the  beauty  of  the  country  and  the  health  of  the  Nation. 
It  recognizes  that  forestry  is  an  industry  limited  Dy  economic  conditions;  that  private  owners  .should  be  aided 
and  encouraged  bv  investigations,  demonstrations,  and  educational  work,  since  they  cannot  be  expected  to 
practise  forestry  at  a  financial  loss:  that  Federal  and  State  Governments  should  undertake  scientific  forestry 
upon  National  and  State  forest  reserves  lor  the  benefit  of  the  public.  It  devotes  its  influence  and  educa- 
tional facilities  to  the  development  of  public  thought  and  knowledge  along  these  practical  lines.     

The  membership  of  the  association  is  16,500  in  every  State  In  the  Union,  in  Canada  and  all  over  the 
world.  The  subscribing  membership  is  $3  a  year;  contributing  membership  SIO  a  year;  sustaining  member- 
ship S25  a  year,  and  life  membership  $100.  Members  receive  each  month  the  American  Forestry  Magazine 
which  contains  articles  pertaining  to  trees,  forests,  and  birds  ^    t     i      i«r„=i,i„„f,,n    n    n 

President — Cliarles  Lathrop  Pack,  Lakewood,  N.  J.  Treasurer— io\\n  E.  Jenks,  Washington,  D.  C. 
ExecutiPe  Secretary  and  Editor-in-Chtef—PeTclva,l  S.  Ridsdale,  Washington.  D.  C. 


424 


Foreign  Coins  Valued  in   United  States  Money. 


FOREIGN    COINS    VALUED    IN    UNITED    STATES    MONEY. 

(Proclaimed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  October  1.  191S.) 


COXj-NTKY. 

Legal 

Standard. 

Monetary  Unit. 

Value  in 

Terms 

of  U.  S. 

Money . 

Remarks. 

Argentine  Rep. . 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold,  .silver 
Gold   

Peso 

SO. 9648 

.2026 
.1930 
.3893 
.5462 

4.8G65 
1.0000 

.4653 
1 .0000 
1.0000 

.7234 

.7234 
.7234 
.3650 

1   2066 

.7771 
.7800 
.7857 
.9733 

1.0000 

.2680 

.4867 

4,9431 

.1930 

.2382 

4.8665 
.1930 
.2500 
.3244 
.1930 
.4985 

1 . 0000 
.4985 
.4020 

1.0000 
.2680 

1.0000 
.7648 
.09.^9 
.1332 

4 . 8065 
.5000 

1 . 0805 
.1930 
.5146 

1.0000 
.1930 
.3709 
.1930 

.2680 
.1930 
.0440 
1.0342 
.1930 

Currency:     Depreciated  paper,  convertible  at  44 

Austria-H  ung'  y 

Crown 
Franc . 
Bolivia 
Milreis 

Pound 
Dollar 

Colon . 
Dollar 
Cordol 
Peso. . 

per  cent,  face  value;  exchange  rate,  iO.475. 
Greatly  depreciated;  no  quotations. 
Member  of  Latin  Union;  sold  is  standard 

Belgium 

Bolivia 

LUG 

12  M  bolivianos  equal  1  pound  steriing. 

Brazil 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Silver 

Silver 

Silver 

Gold 

lilver.  .  . 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Brit.     Colonies, 

Austr.  &  Africa 

Canada 



Sterling .... 

23  cents  to  a  milreis. 

Cent.  America: 
Costa  Rica. 

Exchange  rate  SO. 25=  1  colon. 

Brit .  Hondura.s 

Nicaragua .... 
Guatemala. . . . 

)a 

Exchange  rate  SI. 00=1.01   •■ordobas. 

Currency:      Inconvertible   i);iper;    exchange  rate 

Honduras .... 

Peso     

40  pesos  =  S  1.00. 
Currency:  Bank  notes;  exchange  rate  about  SO. 55 

Salvador 

Ci'.r'ncy:  Convert,  into  silver;  exch.  rate  SO. 40. 

Chile 

Peso 

Currency:    Inconvert.  paper;  e:'.change  ri;t(i  SO. 32. 

China 

Tael. 

Dol,. 
Dollar 

Halkwan 
(customs) . 

Yuan 

British 

,  Mexican..  . 

Die  tael  Is  a  unit  ol  weight,  not  a  coin.  The 
customs  unit  is  the  Haikwaa  tael.  The  values 
of  other  tads  are  based  on  their  relation  to 
the  value  of  the  Halkwan  tael. 

The  Yuan  silver  dollar  of  100  cents  is  the  mone- 
tai'y  unit  ol  the  C;iiine.«"'  Hepuulic;  it  i.s  equiv- 

Colombia 

lent  to  .644  +  of  the  Ha.li-wan  tael. 
Currency:  Government  papM"  and  gold;  exchange 

Cuba 

Peso 

rate  1.04  pesos  to  SI  goW. 

Denmarl? 

Crown 

Exchange  rate  SO. 306=1   crov/n. 

Ecuador 

Exchange  rate  SO  36  =  1  .sucre. 

Egypt 

Gold 

Gold,  silver 
Gold   

Pound  flOO  Diast's^ 

Standard  is  British  pound  .iterling,  legal  tender 

France 

Franc. 

lor  97  H  piasters. 
Member   Latin  Union;  gold  is  actual  standard. 

Exchange  val\ie  SO.  1828. 
Greatly  depreciated;  no  quotation. 
Exchange  value  .54.754. 
Member  of  Latin  Union;  eold  is  standard. 

Great  Britain.  . 
Greece 

Gold 

Gold,  silver 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold,  silver 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Silver 

/  Gold.... 

\  Silver... 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold,  silver 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold 

Gold : 

Pound 
Dr.acht 
Gourde 
Rupee 
Lire.  . 

sterling .... 
na 

Haytl 

Currency:    Inconvert.  paper:  exch.  rate  -SO.  183. 

India  (Briii.sh) . 
Italy 

(15  rupees  equal  1  pound  .sterling.) 

Mem.  Lat.  Un'n;  gold,  stand.;  exch.  val.,  SO. 1575. 

Japan 

Yen 1 

Exchange  value  SO. 5545. 

Dollar . 
Peso. . 

Cur'ncy:  Deprec.  silv.  coins.  Customs  dut's  in  gold. 

Exchange  value  SO. 535. 

Netherlands . ,  . 

Florin. 
Dollar 
Crown 
Balboa 
Peso   . 

Exchange  value  S0.4825. 

Newfoundland. 

Exchange  rate  S0.308=l  crof.-n. 

Paraguay 

Persia. 

Currency;  Deprec.  paper;  e.^ch.  rate  3,500  per  cent. 

Achrefl 

;  Silver  circulating  above  its  metallic  value;  ex- 
\      change  value  of  silver  Uran  S0.179. 

Peru 

Kran . 
T-ibra . 

.•:::::::::l 

Philippine  Isls. . 

Peso     i 

Portugal 

Esoudo 
1^1 

Currency:    Inconvert.  paper;  exch.  rate  S0.62. 

Roumania 

Russia 

Ruble. 1 

Exchange  rate  SO. 12  =  1  ruble. 

Santo  Domingo. 

Dollar 
Dinar 

Serbia 

Slam 

Tical     1 

Spain 

Peseta 

Crown 
Franc . 
Piaster 
Pe.so 

Valuation  is  for  gold  peseta;  currency,  notes  ol 

Sweden 

Bank  of  Spain:  exchange  value  S0.23. 
Exchange  rate  SO. 335  =  1  crown. 

Switzerland .... 
Turkey 

Mem.  Lat.  Un.;  gold,  stand'd;  exch.  value  S0.225. 
100  piasters  equal  to  the  TuriiisU  £. 

UrugTiay .  . 

Exchange  rate  SI. 00  =  0.805  pcios. 

Venezuela 

Bolivar i 

The  coinage  lor  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  included  no  gold  pieces.  The  other  coinage  was 
as  follows:  Silver  half  dollars,  24,105,440  ($12,052,720);  silver  quarters,  45,223,400  (511,305,850):  silver 
dimes,  116,458,800  ($11,645,880);  five  cent  nickels,  82,723,278  (S4, 136,163.90);  bronze  oennles,  445,628,201 
($4,456,282.01).  Also,  there  were*  coined  for  the  Philippines:  Silver  50-centavo  pieces,  2,502,166;  silver 
20-eentavos,  6,255,656;  silver  lO-centavos,  8,210,519;  nickel  5-centavos,  3,000,000;  bronze  1-centavos. 
12,500,000. 

The  total  gold  coinage  of  the  world  in  1913  was  15,494,784  ounces  (.$320,305,619);  la  1914  it  was  12,- 
025,303  ounces  (8248,585.071);  in  1915  it  was  8,896,237  ounces  (S183,901,.541). 

The  world's  silver  coinage:  1913,  155,497.316  ounces  (5201,047.035);  1914,  192,501,238  ounces  (.S24S.- 
890,489);  1915,  201,459,815  ounces  (8260,473,296)-. 


Annual  Price  of  Silver  in  London. 


425 


ANNUAL    PRICE    OF    SILVER    IN    LONDON. 

(By  the  Director  of  the  Mint.     Lowest,  highest,  and  average  (luotations,  and  value  of  a  fine  ounce 

at  average  quotation.) 


Calenuab  Lowest.  Highest. 


1850 . 
1851. 
1852 . 
1853. 
1854. , 
1855 . 
185G . . 
1857 . 
1858 . . 
1859 . 
i860 . 

1861 . 

1862 . 
1863 . . 
1864 . , 
]865. 

1866 .  , 

1867 .  - 
1868. , 

1869 . 

1870 .  . 
l871.. 
l872.. 

1873 .  . 

1874 .  . 

1875 .  , 
l876. . 

1877 .  . 

1878 .  . 

1879 .  . 
l880. . 
1881.. 
l882 .  . 
l883. . 


Pence. 
59  1-2 
60 
59 
60 
60 
60 
60 
61 
60 
61 
61 
60 
61 
61 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
60 
69 
57 
57 
55 
46 
53 
49 
48 
51 
50 
50 
50 


Pence. 
!61     1-2 


5-8 
7-8 

1-2 

3-4 

1-4 

1-8 


0-S 
1-2 
3-,S 
.3-S 
1-S 

1-4 

3-iG 

1-4 

7-S 

1-4 

1-2 

3-4 

1-4 

1-2 

7-8 

1-2 


1-16 


5-8 
7-8 
7-8 
7-8 
5-8 
1-4 
3-8 
7-8 
3-4 
3-8 
3-8 
1-8 


1-4 
1-4 
1-8 

3-4 

1- 


5<)  15-16 


59 
57 
58 
58 
55 
53 


1-2. 
5-8 
1-2 
1-4 
1-4 
3-4 


52  13-16 
52    7-8 
52    3-8 
51     3-16 


A  verage 

Pence. 

61 

1-16 

(il 

60 

1-2 

61 

1-2 

61 

1-2 

61 

.Vlfi 

01 

,=i-16 

61 

3-4 

fil 

,5-16 

62 

1-16 

61 

11-16 

60  13-16 

61 

7-16 

61 

3-S 

61 

8-S 

fil 

1-16 

fit 

T-8 

fiO 

9-16 

fiO 

1-2 

60 

7-16 

60 

9-16 

60 

1-2 

60 

.i-16 

59 

3-16 

58 

.5-16 

56  11-16 

53 

1-S 

54  13-161 

52 

5-8 

51 

1-4 

52 

1-4 

51 

5-8 

51 

13-16 

SO 

9-16 

Value. 


Dollars . 

1.316 

1.337 

1.326 

1.348 

1 .  348 

1.344 

1.344 

1 .  353 

1.344 

1.36 

1.352 

1.333 

1.346 

1.345 

1»345 

1.338 

1.339 

1.328 

1.326 

1.325 

1.328 

1.326 

1 .  322 

1.29769 

1.27883 

1.24233 

1.16414 

1.20189 

1.15358 

1.12392 

1 . 14507 

1.13229 

1.13562 

1 . 10874 


Ratio 


.70 
.46 
.59 
.33 
.33 
.38 
.38 
.27 
.38 
.19 
.29 
.50 
.35 
.37 
.37 
.44 
.43 
.57 
.59 
.60 
.57 
.57 
.63 
.93 
.16 
.64 
.75 
.20 
.92 
.39 
.05 
.25 
.20 
.64 


CAi.fNDAK   Lowest.  Highest.  Average 


1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
189.S. 
1894. 
1895 . 
1890. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


Pence. 
49  1-2 
46  7-8 
42. 

43     1-4 
41    5-8 
41  15-16 
43    5-8 


43 

37 

30 

27 

27 

29 

23 

25 

26 

27 

24  15-16 

21  11-16 

21  11-16 

24    7-16 


1-2 
7-8 
1-2 

3-16 
3-4 

5-8 

5-8 


25 
29 
24 
22 
23 
23 


7-16 

1-4 

1-16 
3-16 
23  11-16 

25  1-8 

26  7-16 
22     1-8 
22    5-16 
26  11-16 
35  11-16 


50 
47 
47 
44 
44 
54 
48 
43 
38 
31 
31 


1-8 

9-16 

3-8 

5-8 

3-4 

3-4 

3-4 

3-4 

3-8 

31  15-16 

29  13-16 

28    3-8 

29 

30 

29 

26 

28 

28 

30 

33 

32 

27 

24 

26 

26 


1-4 

9-16 

1-16 

1-2 

9-16 

5-16 

1-8 

7-16 

7-8 

1-8 


29  11-16 
29    3-8 
27     1-4 
27     1-4 
35  13-16 
55 


Pence. 
50  11-16 
48    9-16 
45    3-8 

44  11-16 
42     7-8 
42  11-16 
47    3-4 

45  1-16 

39  3-4 
35    9-16 

28  15-16 

29  13-16 

30  13-16 
27    9-16 

26  15-16 

27  7-16 
5-16 
3-16 
1-16 
3-4 

26  13-32 

27  27-32 
30    7-8 

30  3-16 
24  13-32 

23  23-32 

24  21-32 

24  19-32 

28  1-16 
27    9-16 

25  1-4 
23  21-32 

31  1-4 

40  13-16 


28 
27 
24 
24 


Value. 


Dollars . 

1.11068 

1.06510 
.99467 
.97946 
.93974 
.93511 

1.04634 
.98800 
.87145 
. 78030 
. 63479 
. 65406 
. 67565 
. 60483 
.59010 
.60154 
.62007 
. 59595 
. 52795 
. 54257 
. 57876 
.61027 
. 67689 
.66152 
.53490 
.52016 
.54077 
.53928 
.61470 
. 60458 
.55312 
.51892 
. 68647 
.89525 


Ratio 


.61 
.41 
.78 
.10 
.00 
.10 
.75 
.92 
.72 
.49 
.66 
.60 
.69 
.20 
.03 
.36 
.33 
.68 
.15 
.10 
.70 
.87 
.64 
.24 
.64 
.74 
.22 
.33 
.62 
.19 
.37 
.84 
.11 
.09 


COMMERCIAL    RATIO    OF    SILVER    TO    GOLD,    1700-1917. 

[NOTE— From  1700  to  1832  the  ratios  are  taken  from  Dr.  A.  Soetgeer,  from  1833  to  1878  from  Pixley 
and  Abell's  tables,  from  1879  to  1896  from  dally  cablegrams  from  London  to  the  Bureau  of  the  Mint,  and 
since  from  daily  London  quotations.! 


Ykahs. 


1700. 
1701. 
1702. 
1703. 
1704. 
1705 . 
1706. 
1707. 
1708. 
1709. 
1710. 
1711. 
1712. 
1713. 
1714. 
1715. 
1716. 
1717. 
1718. 
1719. 
1720. 
1721. 
1722. 
1723. 
1724. 
1725. 
1726. 
1727. 
1728. 
1729. 
1730. 
1731. 
1732. 
1733. 
1734. 
1735 . 
1736. 
1737. 
1738. 
1739. 
1740. 
1741. 
1742. 
1743. 


Ratio. 


Years. 


14.81 

16.07 

15.52 

15.17 

15.22 

15.11 

15.27 

15.44 

15.41 

15.31 

15.22 

15.29 

15.31 

15  24 

15.13 

15.11 

15.09 

15.13 

15.11 

15.  Oil 

16.04 

16.05 

15.17 

15.20 

15.11 

16.11 

15.15 

16.24 

15.11 

14.92 

14.81 

14.94 

15.09 

15.18 

15.39 

15.41 

15.18 

15.02 

14.91 

14.91 

14.94 

14.92 

14.85 

14.85 


1744. 
1745 . 
1746. 
1747. 
1748. 
1749. 
1750. 
1751. 
1752. 
1763. 
1764. 
1755. 
1756. 
1757. 
1758. 
1759. 
1760. 
1761. 
1762. 
1763. 
1764. 
1765. 
1766. 
1767. 
1768. 
1769 . 
1770. 
1771. 
1772. 
1773. 
1774. 
1775. 
1776. 
1777. 
1778. 
1779. 
1780. 
1781. 
1782. 
1783. 
1784. 
1785. 
1786. 
1787. 


Ratio. 


14.87 
14.98 
15.13 
15.26 
15.11 
14.80 
14.55 
14.39 
14.54 
14.54 
14.48 
14.68 
14.94 
14.87 
14.85 
14.15 
14.14 
14.54 
16.27 
14.99 
14.70 
14.83 
14.80 
14.85 
14.80 
14.72 
14.62 
14.66 
14.52 
14.62 
14.82 
14.72 
14.65 
14.54 
14.68 
14.80 
14.72 
14.78 
14.42 
14.48 
14.70 
14.92 
14.96 
14.92 


Years. 


1788. 
1789. 
1790. 
1791. 
1792. 
1793. 
1794. 
1795. 
1796. 
1797. 
1798. 
1799. 
1800. 
1801. 
1802. 
1803. 
1804. 
1805. 
1806. 
1807. 
1808. 
1809. 
1810. 
1811. 
1812. 
1813. 
1814. 
1815. 
1816. 
1817. 
1818. 
1819 . 
1820. 
1821. 
1822. 

1823 . 

1824 . 
1825. 
1826. 
1827. 
1828. 
1829. 
1830. 
1831. 


Ratio. 


14.65 
14.75 
15.04 
15.05 
15.17 
15.00 
15.37 
15.55 
15.65 
16.41 
15.59 
15.74 
15.68 
15.46 
15.26 
15.41 
15.41 
15.79 
15.52 
15.43 
16.08 
15.96 
15.77 
15.63 
16.11 
16.25 
15.04 
15.26 
15.28 
16.11 
15.35 
15.33 
15.62 
15.95 
15.80 
15.84 
15.82 
15.70 
15.76 
15.74 
15.78 
15.78 
15.82 
15.72 


Years. 


1832. 
1833. 
1834. 
1836. 
1836. 
1837. 
1838. 
1839. 
1840. 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 
1845. 
1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
1853. 
1854. 
1855. 
1856 . 
l5o7. 
185S. 
1859. 
1860 . 
1861. 
1862 . 
18G3 . 
1864. 
1865. 
1866. 
1867. 
1868. 
1869. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873. 
1874. 


Ratio. 


15.73 
15.93 
15.73 
16.80 
16.72 
16.83 
16.86 
16.62 
15.62 
15.70 
15.87 
15.93 
16.85 
15.92 
16.90 
16.80 
15.86 
55.78 
15.70 
15.46 
15.59 
16.33 
15.33 
15.38 
15.38 
15.27 
15.38 
15.19 
16.29 
15.50 
15.35 
15.37 
15.37 
15.44 
15.43 
15.57 
15.59 
15.60 
.'5.. 57 
15.57 
15.63 
15.93 
16.16 


Years. 

Ratio. 

1875 

16.64 

1876 

17.75 

1877 

17.20 

1878 

17.92 

1879 

18.39 

1880 

18.05 

1881 

18.25 

1882 

18.20 

1883 

18.64 

1884 

18.61 

1885 

19   41 

18S6 

20.78 

1887 

21.10 

1888 

22.00 

1889 

22.10 

1890 

19.75 

1891 

20.92 

1892 

23.72 

1893 

26.49 

1894 

32.56 

1896 

31.60 

1896. . 

30.59 

1897 

34.20 

1898 

35.03 

1899 

34.36 

1900 

33.33 

1901 

34.68 

1902 

39.15 

1903 

38.10 

19U4 

35.70 

1905 

33.87 

1906 

30.54 

1907 

31.24 

1908 

38.64 

1909 

39.74 

1910 

38.22 

1911 

38.33 

1912 

33.62 

1913 

34.19 

1914 

37.37 

1915 

39.84 

1916 

30.11 

1917 

23 .09 

426  Coinage  of  Chief  Nations,  Calendar  Year  1916. 

BULLION   VALUE   OF  371 M    GRAINS  OF  PURE  SILVER. 
(This  ia  the  content  of  the  Standard  Silver  Dollar.) 


Calendar. 

Value. 

Calendar. 

Value. 

Calendar. 

Value. 

Calendar. 

Value. 

Calendar. 

Value. 

Dollars. 

Dolar  . 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1861 

1.031 

1873 

1.00368 

1885 

0.82379 

1897 

0.46745 

1908 

0,41371 

1862 

1.041 

1874 

.98909 

1886 

.76931 

1898 

.45640 

1909 

.40231 

1863 

1.040 

1875 

. 96086 

1887 

. 75755 

1899 

. 46525 

1910 

.41825 

1864 

1.040 

1876 

. 90039 

1888 

.72683 

1900 

.47958 

1911 

.41909 

1865 

1.035 

1877 

. 92958 

1889 

.72325 

1901 

.46093 

1912 

.47543 

1866 

1.036 

1878 

.89222 

1890 

. 80927 

1902 

.40835 

1913 

.48760 

1867 

1.027 

1879 

. 86928 

1891 

.76416 

1903 

.41960 

1914 

.42810 

1868 

1.025 

1880 

.88564 

1892 

.67401 

1904 

.44763 

Ji;i5 

.40135 

1869 

1.024 

1881 

.87575 

1893 

.60351 

1905 

. 47200 

1916 

.53094 

1870 

1.027 

1882 

.87833 

1894 

.49097 

1906 

.52353 

U'17 

.69242 

1871 

1.025 

1883 

.85754 

1895 

.  .50587 

1907 

.61164 

1872 

1.022 

1884 

.  8.5904 

1896 

.  .52257 

COINAGE    OF 

■    THE 

UNITED 

STATES 

MINTS, 

1848-1917. 

Year. 
(Calendar.) 

Gold. 

Sliver. 

Minor. 

Total. 

Year. 
(Calendar.) 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Minor. 

Total. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dolluis. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

1848 

3,775,512 

2.040,050 

64.157 

5.879.720 

1883 

29.241.990 

29.246.968 

1,604,770 

60.093,728 

1849 

9,007,761 

2,114,95C 

41.981 

11.164,695 

1884 

23,991,756 

28.534.866 

796.483 

53..323,106 

1850 

31,981,738 

1,866,  IOC 

44.467 

33.892.306 

1885 

27,773,012 

28.962.176 

191.622 

56,926,810 

1851 

62,614,492 

744,397 

99.635 

63,488.524 

1886 

28,945.542 

32.086.709 

343,186 

61,375,438 

1852 

66,846,187 

999,410 

50.630 

57.896,228 

1887 

23,972,383 

35.191.081 

1,215,686 

60,379,150 

1853. .■ 

39,377,909 

9,077,571 

67,059 

48,522.539 

1888 

31,380.808 

33.025,606 

912,200 

65.318,615 

1854 

25,915,962 

8,619,270 

42,638 

34.577,870 

1889 

21,413,931 

35,496,683 

1.283.408 

.58.194,022 

1855 

29,387,968 

3,501,245 

16,030 

32,905,243 

1890 

20,467,182 

39,202,908 

1,384.792 

61-054,882 

1856 

36,857,768 

5,142,240 

27,106 

42,027,115 

1891 

29,222,005 

27,518,856 

1.312.441 

58.053.302 

1857 

32,214,040 

5,478,760 

178,010 

37,870,810 

1892 

34,787,222 

12.641.078 

861,480 

48.389,780 

1858 

22,938,413 

8,495,370 

246,000 

31,679,783 

1893 

56,997,020 

8.801.709 

1,134,931 

66.933,690 

1859 

14,780,570 

3,284,450 

364,000 

18,429,020 

1894 

79,546.160 

9.200.350 

438,177 

89.184,688 

i860 

23,473,654 

2.259.390 

205,660 

25,938,704 

1895 

.59,616.357 

5,698.010 

882.430 

66,196,798 

1861 

83,305,530 

3,783,740 

101,000 

87,280.270 

1896 

47,053,060 

23.089.899 

832,718 

70,975,677 

1862 

20.875.997 

1,252,516 

280,750 

22.409.264 

1897 

76,023,485 

18.487,297 

1,526,100 

96,041,882 

1863 

22,445,482 

809,267 

498,400 

23.753,149 

1898 

77.985.757 

23.034.033 

1,124,835 

102,144,625 

1864 

20,081,415 

609,917 

926,687 

21,618,019 

1899 

111,344,220 

26^1,519 

1,837,451 

139,243,191 

1865....... 

28,295,107 

691,005 

968,552 

29,954,665 

1900 

99,272,942 

36,345.321 

2,031,137 

137,649,401 

1866 

31,435,945 

982,409 

1,042,960 

33,461,314 

1901 

101,735,187 

30,838,460 

2,120,122 

134,693,770 

1867 

23,828,625 

908,876 

1,819,910 

26,557,411 

1902 

47,184,852 

30.028,167 

2,447.796 

79,660,815 

1868 

19,371,387 

1,074,343 

1,697.150 

22,142,880 

1903 

43,683.792 

19,874,440 

2,251,281 

65,805,513 

1869 

17,582,987 

1,266,143 

963,000 

19,812,130 

1904 

233,402,400 

15,695,6C9 

1,683,529 

250.781,539 

1870 

23,198,787 

1,378,2.55 

350,325 

24,927,368 

1905 

49,638,400 

6,332,180 

2,298,555 

58,269,136 

1871 

21,032,685 

3,104,038 

99,890 

24,236,613 

1906 

77,538,045 

10,651,087 

2,890,908 

91,080,041 

1872, 

21,812,645 

2,504,488 

369,380 

24,686,513 

1907 

131,907,490 

13,178,435 

3,042.126 

148,128,051 

1873 

57,022,747 

4,024,747 

379,455 

61,426,950 

1908 

131,6.38,632 

12,391,777 

1,468,738 

145,499,148 

1874 

35,264,630 

6,851,776 

342,475 

42,448,881 

1909 

88.776.907 

8.C«7,852 

1,756,388 

98,621,148 

1875 

32,951,940 

15,347,893 

246,970 

48,546,803 

1910 

104.723,735 

3,740,468 

3,036,929 

111,501,133 

1876 

46,579,452 

24,503.307 

210,800 

71,293,560 

1911 

56.176,822 

6,457,301 

3.1.56.726 

65,790,850 

1877 

43,999,864 

28.393,045 

8,525 

72,401,434 

1912 

17.498,522 

7,340,995 

2.577,386 

27,416,903 

1878 

49,786,052 

28,518,850 

58.186 

78,363,088 

1913 

25,433,377 

3,184,228 

4,667,335 

33.284,941 

1879 

39,080,080 

27.569,776 

165,003 

60,814.859 

1914 

53.457,817 

6,083,823 

2.208.071 

61.749.711 

1880 

62,308,279 

27,411,693 

391,395 

90.111.363 

1915 

23,968,401 

4,114.082 

2.062,839 

30,145,323 

1881 

96.850.890 

27.940,163 

428.151 

125.219.205 

1916 

18,525,026 

8.880.8O0 

6,337,550 

33,743,376 

1882 

65.887,685 

27,973.132 

960,400 

91.821.217 

1917 

10,014 

29,412,305 

6,118,089 

35,540,403 

COINAGE    OF    CHIEF    NATIONS,  CALENDAR    YEAR    1916. 

(Owing  to  the  war  there  are  no  later  official  figures.) 


Monetary 
Unit. 

Gold. 

SlLVJDE. 

COTIIfTRY. 

Unit  Value 

of  Country's 

Money. 

Value  in 

United  States 

Money. 

Unit  Value 

of  Country's 

Money. 

Value  of 
Fine  Ounces 
Consumed. 

Fine 

Ounces 

Consumed. 

United  States 

Dollar 

Pound 

•t 

Peso 

18,525,026 

1,273,643 

29.739 

3,640,120 

S18,.525,026 

6.198,184 

29,739 

1,328,644 

8,880,800 

600,075 

1,134,301 

1,167,960 

22,621,434 

6.50,000 
1.481.095 
3,008.352 

400.000 

154,283.814 

23.681,00-^ 

4.883.044 

240.000 
7,075,000 
2,290,390 
9,567.000 
2.028, .522 
1,966,940 
8,192,428 

34,409,986 

1,385,565 

.540,198 

167,035 

12,067,501 

3.5,864 

786,357 

398,366 

198,630 

14,216,065 

2,182,022 

1,745,855 

129,448 

1.475,573 

11,373,559 

2.850,440 

268,617 

181,239 

3,987.435 

6,424,149 

British  Empire; 
Australia 

2,018,391 

Canada 

786,921 

Chile 

243.324 

China ' 

Dollar 

17,579,065 

Colonibia 

Peso 

,')2,244 

Cuba 

18,171,010 
15,950,000 

1,145,508 

Denmark 

Kroner 

Sucre  - .    . 

4.274,600 

580,311 

EcuadoV 

289,350 

France. 

Franc 

20,708.938 

Italy 

Lira 

3,178.612 

Japan 

Yen 

41,949,700 
260,000 
672.733 
582,477 

20,911,925 

129.610 

267,057 

2,834,024 

2.543.236 

Peso 

188,570 

Netherlands 

Florin 

Libra  (pound) 
Tical 

2,149,509 

Peru 

16.568.180 

Siam 

4,152,316 

Sweden 

391,302 

Switzerland 

Franc 

Pound  storlUi: 

6,000.000 
8.401. ii:i 

1,158,000 

40,381.4,51 

264,016 

United  Kingdom 

World^s  Industrial  Consumption  of  Gold  and  Silver  in  1916.    427 


SILVER    IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS. 

Year. 
(FiBcl) 

EXPOETK. 

Imp'ts. 

Ye^r. 
(Fisc'l) 

Exports. 

Imp'ts. 

Year 
<Fiso'l) 

Exports. 

Domes 

Total, 
(in.  for.) 

Domes 

Total, 
(in.  tor.) 

Domes 

Total, 
(inc.  for.) 

Imp'ts. 

1867 . .  . 

1868 .  .  . 

1869 .  .  . 

1870 .  .  . 

1871 .  .  . 

1872 .  .  . 
1873... 

1874 .  .  . 

1875 .  .  . 

1876 .  .  . 
1877 . .  . 

1878 .  ■.  . 

1879 .  .  . 
1880... 
1881 ..  . 
1882 .  .  . 
1883 ..  . 
1884 .  .  . 

Dollars. 
18,746,520 
15,514,817 
14,473,190 
15,303,193 
19,821,681 
24,420,738 
29,433,508 
27,054,200 
22,313,584 
20,606,9*4 
20,775,637 
20,429,315 
13,409,950 
7,572,854 
(2,400,637 
12,076,640 
12,702,272 
14,931,431 

Dollars. 
21,841,745 

21.387,758 
21,134,882 
24,519,704 
31,755,780 
30,328,774 
39,751,859 
32,687,985 
25,151,165 
25,329,252 
29,.571,863 
24,535,670 
20,409,827 
13,503,894 
16,841,715 
16,829,599 
20,219,445 
26,051,426 

Dollars. 
5,045,609 

5,450,925 
5,675,308 
14,362,229 
14,386,463 
5,026,231 
12,798,490 
8.951,769 
7,203,924 
7,943,972 
14,528,180 
16,491,099 
14,671,052 
12,275,914 
10,544,238 
8,095,336 
10.755,242 
14,594,945 

1885 .  . . 

1886 .  .  . 
1887  .  .  . 

1888 .  .  . 

1889 .  .  . 

1890 .  .  . 

1891 .  .  . 

1892 .  .  . 

1893 .  .  . 

1894 .  .  . 

1895 .  .  . 

1896 .  .  . 
1897  .  . . 
1898 .  .  . 
1899  .  .  , 

1900 .  .  . 

1901 .  .  . 

1902 .  .  . 

Dollars. 
21,634,551 

19,158,051 
17,005,036 
20,635,420 
23,284,662 
22,378,557 
14,033,714 
16,765,067 
23,559,254 
39,069,087 
40,119,428 
53,196,559 
56.541,823 
47,829,645 
51,168,770 
52,461,345 
58,778,779 
45,971,249 

Dollars. 
33,753,633 
29,511,219 
26,296,504 
28,037,949 
36,689,248 
34,873,929 
22,590,988 
32,810,559 
40,737,319 
50,451,265 
47,295,286 
60,541,670 
61,946,638 
55,105,239 
56,319,055 
56,712,275 
64,285,180 
49,732,390 

Dollars. 
16,550,627 
17,850,307 
17,260,191 
15,403,669 
18,678,215 
21,032,984 
18,026,880 
19,965,086 
23,193,252 
13,286,552 
20,211,179 
28,777,186 
30,533,227 
30,927,781 
30,675,056 
35,256,302 
36,386,521 
28,232,254 

1903 .  .  . 

1904 .  .  . 
1903 .  .  . 
1906 .  .  . 
1907  .  .  . 
1903  .  .  . 
1909 .  .  . 
1910... 
1911.  .. 
1912... 
1913... 
1914.  .. 
1915..  . 
1916.  .  . 
1917... 
1918 .  .  . 

Dollars. 

40,121,497 
37,986,864 
36,764,431 
56,967,467 
44,695,151 
.52,473,292 
54,500,308 
53,094,567 
60  068,925 
58,522,368 
67,184,664 
52.567,351 
45,977,181 
53,171,760 
74,001,157 

Dollars. 

44,250,259 
49,472,702 
48,848,812 
65,869,063 
56,739,073 
57,921,202 
55,682,792 
55,286,861 
64,749,958 
64,890,665 
71.614,311 
54,965,023 
60,942,187 
59,791,323 
78,279,93; 
139,181,399 

Dollars. 

24,163,491 
27,768,814 
27,484,865 
44,442,540 
42,946,624 
44,658,097 
43,954,819 
45,217,194 
45,937,249 
47,050,219 
41,268.516 
30,336.604 
29.110.323 
34,154,375 
35,003,563 
70,328.153 

Silver  exports  prior  to  1867— (1830)  8756,109;  (1840)  84,713,641;  (1850)  82,962,367;  (1855)  SI, 138.128: 
(1860)  58,100,200;  (1861)  82,367,107;  (1862)  81,447,737 r  (1863)  81,993,773;  (1864)  34,734,907;  (1865) 
89,262,193;    (1863)    814,846,762. 

Silver  Imporls  prior  to  1867— (1830)  $7,334,818;  (1840)  85,797,656:  (1850)  82,852,086;  (1855)  $2,567,010; 
(1860)  86,041,349;  (1861)  $4,047,681;  (1862)  82,508,041;  (1863)  34,053.567;  (1864)  31,938,843;  (186-5) 
83,311,844;  (1866)  82,503,831. 


COLO    IMPORTS    AND    EXPORTS. 


Yr;AR. 
(Flfxal-) 


1807... 

1868... 

1869.    . 

1870... 

1871... 

1872... 

1873.. . 

1874. 

1875... 

1876... 

1877... 

1878... 

1879... 

1880. . . 

1881... 

1882... 

1883... 

1884... 

1885... 

1886... 

1887... 

1888... 

1889... 

1890... 

1891... 

1892... 


Exports. 


Dc!iie.stic. 


$36. 

28 

G4 

48, 

44 

32 

61 

29, 

22 

6 

4 

1 

1 

31 

8 

35, 

2, 

33, 

5. 

12, 

.54, 

i;'., 

84, 
43, 


29,676 
,231,158 
,442,776 
580,609 
,581,678 
,377,602 
472.038 
,645,486 
543.545 
,431.757 
.359.101 
632.570 
,145,085 
,775,039 
,826,307 
,403,625 
,920,909 
294,204 
741,559 
766,066 
705,304 
560,084 
930,332 
403,632 
939,551 
321,351 


Total 
(Inc. foreign) 


839,026,627 

72,396,344 

36,003,498 

33,635,962 

66,686,208 

49,548,760 

44,856,715 

34,042.420 

66,980,977 

31,177,050 

26,590,374 

9,204,455 

4,587,614 

3,639.025 

2,565,132 

32,587,880 

11,600,888 

41,081,957 

8,477,892 

42,952,191 

9,701,187 

18,376,234 

59,952,285 

17,274,491 

86,362,654 

50,195,327 


Imports. 


817,024,866 

8,737,443 

14,132,568 

12.056,950 

6.883,561 

8.717,458 

8,682,447 

19,503.13 

13,696,793 

7,992,709 

26,246,234 

13,330,215 

5,624,948 

80,758,396 

100,031,259 

34,377,054 

17,734,149 

22,831,317 

26,691,696 

20,743,349 

42,910,601 

43,934,317 

10,284,858 

12,943,342 

18,232,567 

49,699,454 


Ykar. 

(Fiscal.) 


1 893 . . 
1894.. 
1895.. 
1896.. 
1897.. 
1898.. 
1899.. 
1900.. 
1901.. 
1902.. 
\Wi.. 
1904.. 
1905.. 
1906.. 
1907.. 
1908. . 
1909.. 
1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 
1915.. 
1916.. 
1917.. 
1918.. 


Exports. 


Domestic. 


S102 
64 
66 

106 
39 
10 
27 
46 
52 
46 
44 
79 
86 
27 
47 
70, 
89 

114 
21 
53 
76, 

110 

143, 
61, 

284, 


068,153 
487,354 
218,307 
934,336 
152,522 
470,371 
,478,412 
693,893 
635,309 
761,438 
584,640 
195,987 
,146,743 
,847,474 
579,479 
196,042 
,241,464 
,569,714 
,810,820 
,495,479 
704,551 
.515,004 
,229,912 
254,731 
948,025 


Total 
(Inc.foreign) 


8108 

76, 

66 

112 

40 

15 

37 

48 

53 

48 

47 

81 

92 

38 

51 

72 

91 

118 

22 

57 

77 

112 

146 

90 

291 

190 


680,844 
978,061 
468,481 
■,409,947 
361,580 
406,391 
522,086 
266,759 
185.177 
568,950 
090,595 
459.986 
594,024 
573,591 
399.176 
432.924 
531.818 
563.215 
509. 653 
,328,348 
,762,622 
038,529 
,224,148 
249,548 
,921,225 
852,224 


Imports. 


521,174,381 

72,449,119 

36,384,760 

33,525,065 

85,014,780 

120,391,674 

88,954,603 

44,573,184 

66,051,187 

52,021,254 

44,982,027 

99,055,368 

53,648,961 

96,221,730 

114,510249 

148,337  321 

44,003,989 

43,339,905 

73.607,013 

48,936,500 

69,194.025 

66,538,659 

171,568,755 

494,009,301 

977,176,026 

124,413.483 


The  figures  relate  to  coin  and  bullion  only    prior  to  1895:  subsequently  they  include  ore  also. 

Gold  and  sliver  (combined)   exports  prior  to  1S67— (1821)  SIO.478.059;  gold  and  silver  (combmed) 

'°'''"^oy'ixpo^'u8T(^'fl''42l^6ita840)  83,703.373;  (1850)  S4.560.627;  (1855)^855.109,215;  (I860) 
858,446.039;    (1861)    $27,423,973;    (1862)    835,439,903;    (1863)    862,162,838;    (1864)    8100,661.634;    (1865) 

'°^'Giidtapw^-(f836)^S82ia46;  (1840)  83,085,157;  (18.50)  81,776,706:  (1855)  814)92,802:  (I860)  82  508 - 
786:  (1861)  $42,291,930;  (1862)  $13,907,011;  (1863)  ri5,530,538:  (1864)  811,176,769;  (I860)  86,498,228; 
(1866)    88,196,261. 


WORLD'S    e^DUSTRIAL    CONSUMPTJON    OF    COLD    AND    SILVER    IN     !916, 


Cotjntrv 


United  States ' 

Australia  (Melbonrnc) 

British  Hondura.'; 

British  Guiana , 

Canada 

China 

French  W.  Africa  (Senegal) , 


Gold. 


$51,061,187 
448,016 


500 

2.304,910 

846,928 


Silvc'i'. 

822,038,094 

25.415 

1,000 

100 

617,323 

691,748. 

29,589 

C0l/.\"TTIT. 


NetiicrUnris 

Sweden 

Taiwan  (Japan) . 
Tunis 


Gold. 


3974,330 

14,856 

27,776 

257.848 


Total jS,-j.-),936,356 

i 


Silver. 


S343.065 
6.031 


330,779 


324.083.044 


428 


Value  and  Weight  of  Gold. 


COLD    AND    SILVER    PRODUCTION    OF    THE    WORLD    SINCE    1493. 

(From  1493  to  1885,  table  oJ  averages  compiled  by  Dr.  Adolph  Soetbeer;  other  figures  represent  estiinato& 

of  the  Director  of  the  ^lint.) 


Period. 


1493-1520. 
1521-1544 . 
1545-1560. 
1561-1580 . 
1581-1600. 
1601-1620 . 
1621-1640. 
1641-1660. 
1661-1680. 
1681-1700. 
1701-1720 . 
1721-1740. 
1741-1760. 
1761-1780. 
1781-1800. 
1801-1810. 
1811-1820. 
1821-1830 . 
1831-1840 . 
1841-1850 . 
1851-1855 . 
1856-1860 . 

1861 

l862 

1863 

l864 

i865 

]866 

J867 


Gold. 
Ozs.  fine. 


868. 
869. 
870.. 


871 

872. 


873.... 
874.... 
875 ...  , 


his'.'.'.'. . 

'877 


878 ..  . 


Total 

for  per'd. 

5,221,160 

5,524,656 

4,377,544 

4,398,120 

4,745,340 

6.478,360 

5,336,900 

5,639,110 

5,954,180 

6,921,895 

8,243,260 

12,268,440 

15,824,230 

13,313,315 

11,438,970 

5,715,627 

3,679,568 

4,570,444 

6,522,913 

17,605,018 

32,051,621 

32,431,312 

5,949,582 

5,949,582 

5,949,582 

5,949,582 

5,940,582 

6,370,086 

6,270,086 

6,270,086 

6,270,086 

6,270,086 

5,591,014 

5,591,014 

4,653,675 

4,.390,031 

4,716,563 

5,016,488 

•5,512,106 

5,761.  IH 


Gold. 

Value. 


Dollars. 
107,931,000 
114,205,000 
90,492,000 
90,917,000 
98,095,000 
113,248,000 
110,324,000 
116,571,000 
123,084,000 
143,088,000 
170,403,000 
253,611,000 
327,116,000 
275,211,000 
.2,36,464,000 
118,1,52,000 
76,063,000 
94,479,000 
134,841,000 
363,928,000 
662,566,000 
670,415,000 
122,989,000 
122,969,000 
122,989,000 
122,989,000 
122,980,000 
129,614,000 
129,614,000 
129,614,000 
129,614,000 
129,614,000 
115,577,000 
115,577,000 
96,200,000 
90,750,000 
97,.50D,000 
103,700,000 
113,947,200 
119.092.800 


Silver. 
Oz8.  fine. 


Silver. 
C'ng.  Val. 


Total 
for  period. 
42,309,400 
69,598,320 
160,287,040 
192,678,500 
269,352,700 
271,924,700 
253,084,800 
235,530,900 
216,691,000 
219,841,700 
228,650,800 
277,261,600 
342,812,235 
419,711,820 
565,235,580 
287,469,225 
173,857,555 
148,070,040 
191,758,67, 
250,903,422 
142,442,986 
145,477,142 
35,401,972 
35,401,972 
35,401,972 
35,401,972 
35,401,972 
43,051,583 
43,051,583 
43,051, ,583 
43,051,583 
43,051.583 
63,.?17,OI4 
63,317,014 
63,267,187 
55,300,781 
62,261,719 
67,7.^3,125 
62,679,916 
73.38r..45I 


Dollars. 

54,703,000 
89,986,000 
207,240,000 
248,990,000 
348,254,000 
351,579,000 
327,221,000 
304,525,000 
280,166,000 
284,240,000 
295,629,000 
358,480,OSO 
443,232,000 
542,658,000 
730,810,000 
371,677,000 
224,786,000 
191.444,000 
247,930,000 
324,400.000 
184,169,000 
188,092,00(j 
45,772,009 
45,772,000 
45.772,000 
45,772,000 
45,772,000 
55,663.000 
55,663.000 
55,603,000 
.55,663,000 
55,663,000 
81,864,000 
81,864,001 
81,800,000 
71,500,000 
80,500,000 
87,600,00') 
81,040,700 
94.882.200 


Period. 


1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1S89. 
1890. 
1891  . 
1893. 
1893. 
1S94. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904 . 
1905. 
1906. 
1907. 
1908. 

lonif. 

1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. 


Gold. 
Ozs.  fine 


Total 

for  per'd 

5.iu2,174 

5,148,880 

4.983,742 

4,934,086 

4,614,588 

4,921,169 

5,245,572 

5,135,679 

5,116,861 

5,330,775 

5,973,790 

5,749,306 

6,320,194 

7,094,266 

7.618,811 

8,764,362 

9,615,190 

9,783,914 

11,420,068 

13,877,806 

14,837,775 

12,315,135 

12,625,537 

14,354,680 

15,852,020 

16,804,372 

18„396,451 

19,471,080 

19  977  260 

21,432,244 

21,965,111 

22,022,180 

22,348,313 

22,549,335 

22,249,.596 

21,240,416 

22,758,808 

21,970,788 

20,491,176 


Gold, 

Value. 


Dollars 

108,778,890 
106,436,800 
103,023.100 
101,996,600 

95,392,000 
101 ,729,600 
108,435,60'l 
106, 164 ,900 
105,774,900 
110,196,900 
123,489,200 
118,848  700 
130,650,000 
146,651,500 
157,494,800 
181,175,600 
193,763.600 
202.251,600 
236,073,700 
286,879,700 
306,724,100 
254,576,300 
260.992,900 
296,737,600 
327,702,200 
347,377,20; 
380,288,700 
■102,503,000 
412.956,600 
432,836,900 
4ri4,0.'i9.lOO 
4")5,239,100 
461,939.700 
466.136,100 
459,939,900 
439,078,260 
470,466,214 
454,176,500 
423,590,200 


i^  liver. 
Ozs.  fine. 


Total 

for  period. 

74,333,495 

74,795,273 

79,0''0,872 

86,472,091 

89,175,023 

81,567,801 

9I,tJ09,959 

93,297,290 

96,123,586 

108,827,606 

120,213,611 

12d,ft)5,062 

137,170,919 

153,151,762 

1CS,472,621 

164,610.394 

167,800,960 

ir>7,Onl,370 

160,421,082 

169,055,253 

168,337,453 

173,591,364 

17;i,0Il,283 

162,763,483 

167,689,322 

i6<. 195,266 

17.'.317.688 

16",0"vl,497 

IS!.. '06,984 

20.;,  131, 404 

212.149,023 

221,715,673 

230,193,923 

2'.'4,310,654 

223.907,843 

160,526,019 

178,850,500 

161,157,900 

163,972,700 


Silver. 
C'ne.  Val. 


Dollars. 
96,172,600 
96,705,000 
102,168,400 
111,802.300 
115,297.000 
106,461,400 
118,445,200 
120,626,800 
124,281,000 
140,706,400 
1,55,427,700 
163,032,000 
177,352,300 
198,014,400 
213,944,400 
212,829,600 
216,566,900 
203,069,200 
207,413,000 
218,576,800 
217.648,200 
224,441,200 
223.691,300 
210,441,900 
216,810,300 
212,292,900 
222,794,500 
213.403,800 
238,166,600 
262,634,500 
274,293,700 
286,662,700 
292,451,500 
290,1117,800 
289,497,000 
207,678,038 
231,241,060 
208,365,800 
212,005,100 


•  Commercial  values  of  silver  for  single  years  may  be  ascertained  by  multiplying  flue  ounces  by  annual 
average  prices  of  silver  as  shown  under  "Prices." 

For  1915  figures  ol  toe  previous  .vear  are  repeated  for  those  countries  from  which  no  returns  were  received. 

The  totals  are  those  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint,  but  do  not  represent  the  footings  of  tlie  respective 
columns,  as  that  official,  for  the  period  from  1871  to  1885,  employs  Soetbeer's  averages  upon  a  somewhat 
different  basis  from  that  used  in  till.?  table. 


UNITED    STATES    COLD    AND    SILVER    PRODUCTION,    1917,    BY    STATES. 


St.\te  or 

GuLl).   - 

rill- 

'icil. 

St.m'b  or 
Ter'ry. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Teu'hy. 

Fine  ozs. 

Value. 

Fino  ozs. 

Value. 

Fine  ozs 

Value. 

Fine  ozs. 

Value. 

Ala  .    . . 

201 

733,911 

267,700 

1,006,969 

771,828 

288 

34,419 

$4,200 

15,171,300 

5,533,800 

20,815,900 

15,955,100 

6,000 

711,500 

Ore 

s.  c .  . .  . 
S.  Dak . . 
Tenn...  . 
Texas . . . 
Utah. . . . 
Vt . .  .    . 

81, H4 

53 

357,619 

258 

42 
175,133 

$1,677,400 
1,100 

7,392,600 
5,300 
.    900 

3,620.300 

215,700 

?177.600 

AIa{)Ua 

1.351,100 
8,183,200 
1,989,800 
8,163,600 

$1,112,600 
6,738,900 
1,638,000 
6,722,700 

Ariz .... 

Cal 

Col 

Ga 

191,100 

99,300 

583,200 

14,315,300 

400 

9,-iOO 

257,000 

4,900 

15,600 

157,400 
81,-800 

480,300 
11,788,700 

11,683,100 

3,.3'n 

1, 100 

686,700 

21,10>1 

13,711,100 

11,411,000 

1,313,701 

2.800 

9,621,000 

2,700 

903 

565,.5O0 

17,400 

11,291,100 

9,421,700 

1,081,800 

3,300 

300 

Ill 

Va 

Wasn . . . 
iVvo. .  .  . 
Philips  . 
P.  Rico. . 

81 

21,03e 

10 

67,921 

6 

1,700 

434,900 

200 

1,404,000 

lOO 

7,700 

Md 

Mich 

6 

100 

211,600 
4,000 

Mo 

13,700 

181,720 

334,89 1 

49. -)9'! 

7-.9 

3,75'i,50O 

«,i)22,900 

1,02-1,100 

1.5,700 

Nevada 
N.  M .  .  . 
N.  C... 

Total  . 

4,085,589 

834,456,600 

74.244,500 

$61,139,600 

VALUE    AND    WEIGHT    OF    COLD. 

(By  the  United  States  Assay  Office,  New  York.) 

THE  unit  in  weighing  gold  is  the  troy  ounce.  A  "fine"  ounce  means  an  ounce  of  pure  gold.  The  mint 
value  of  gold  does  not  fl\ictuate,  but  remains  constant  at  S20. 67183462  per  fine  ounce.  Troy  measure  is 
used  in  weighing  gold.  The  grain  is  the  .same  in  both  troy  f.nd  avoirdupois  measure,  but  the  ounce  and 
the  pound  are  not  the  same.  The  troy  ounce  contains  480  grains  and  the  troy  pound  5,760  grains,  there 
being  12  ounces  to  the  pound.  The  troy  pound  1^  never  used  in  weighing  gold,  even  when  the  weights  ol 
large  quantities  are  to  be  computed.  The  avoirdupois  ounce  contains  4.37 'A  grains  and  the  avoirdupois 
pound  contains  7,000  grains,  there  being  16  ounces  to  the  pound. 


Patriotic  Order  6o7is  of  America. 


429 


UNITED    STATES    COLD    AND    SILVER    PRODUCTION,   1792-1917. 

(The  estimate  for  gold  and  silver  for  1792-1873  is  by  R.  W.  Raymond,  Commissioner  of  Mining  Statistias, 

and  since  by  Director  ot  the  Mint.) 


Cal'dar 
Years. 


1792  to  31 
July,  1834 
July  31, 
1834, to  31 
Dec,  1844 
1845 . .  . 
1846 . . . 
1847... 


Total. 


1848 

1849...  . 

1850 

1851-1835 
1856-1860 
1861-1863 
1865-1870 
1871 .... 
1872.... 


Total. 

1873...  . 
187^.... 
1875.... 
1876.... 
1877.... 
1878 .... 

1879 

1880.... 
1881.... 
1882 .... 
1883 .... 


GOLD. 


Fine  ozs.l 


Value. 


677.250 


362,812 
48,762 
55,341 
43,005 


1,187,170 


483,750 

1,935,001) 

2,418,750 

14,270,625 

12,384,000 

10,716,271 

12.225,570 

2,104,312 

1,741,500 


58,279,778 


1,741,500 
1,620.122 
1,619,009 
1,931,575 
2.268.662 
2.477,109 
1,881.787 
1,741,500 
1,678.612 
1.572,187 
1.451.250 


$14,000,000 


7,500,000 

l,OtB,000 

1.140,000 

889,000 


24,537,000 


10,000,000 

40,000,000 

50,000,000 

295,000,00-3 

256,000,000 

221,525,000 

252.725.000 

43,500.000 

36.000,000 


1,204,730,000 


3«.000,000 
33.490,900 
33,4«7,900 
39,929,200 
46,897,400 
51,206,400 
38,900,000 
36.000,000 
34,700,000 
32.500,000 
30,000,000 


SlL\'ER. 


Fine  0Z6. 


Xnsign'ant 


193,400 
38,700 
33,700 
38,700 


309,500 


38,70(1 

38.700 

38,700 

193,500 

309.400 

28,810,600 

49,113,200 

17,789,100 

22,236,300 


118,568,200 


27,660,400 
28,868,200 
24,539.300 
29.996,200 
30,777,800 
35,022,300 
31,565,500 
30.318,700 
33,257.800 
36,196,900 
35  732,800 


Com.  val. 


$253,400 
50,200 
50.300 
50,6013 


40-1,5110 


.w.son 

50,700 

50,900 

259,400 

418.30(1 

38,674,30(1 

63,261,1011 

23,r>S8,30(i 

29,296,400 

157,749,900 


35.881,600 
.!6,917.,500 
30,485,900 
34,919,800 
36,991,.iOn 
40,401,000 
33,477,100 
34,717,000 
37,657,500 
41,105,900 
39,618,400 


C.^L'DAIt 

Ye  AR3. 

1884 . . 

1885 . . 

:886.. 

1887  . . 

1888  . . 

1889  . 

iffiO.. 

IS')1 . . 

1892 . . 

1893.. 

1S94  . . 

18rtr) . . 

1896.. 

1897  . 

1898  . . 

18-19  . . 

1900  . . 

1901  . . 

19!  C  . 

190;; . . 

1904.. 

19115  . . 

1906 . . 

1907  . . 

19(K  . . 

lOO'l 

1910.. 

1911  .. 

1912.. 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1913.. 

1916.. 

1917.. 

Gold. 


Fine  ozs. 


J8i),950 
338,373 
(»6,7S8 
603,019 
604.478 
591,775 
o8S,8/7 
604,810 
597,098 
,739,323 
,910,813 
,254,760 
508,132 
774,935 
118,398 
,137,210 
,829,897 
805,500 
870,000 
360,000 
,892,480 
178,592 
,563,333 
374,287 
574,340 
,821,700 
,657,018 
687.053 
320.719 
399,784 
.372.976 
,887,604 
,479,056 
035,589 


Viilue. 


$30,800,000 
31,801,000 
34,869,000 
33,136.000 
33,167,500 
32,967,000 
32,815,000 
33,175,000 
33,015,000 
35,955,000 
39.500,000 
46,610,000 
53,088,000 
57,363,000 
64,463,000 
71,053,400 
79,171,000 
78,666,700 
80,000,000 
73,591,700 
80,464,700 
86,337,700 
94,373,800 
90.435,700 
94.560,000 
99,673,400 
96,269,100 
96,890,000 
93,451,500 
88,884,400 
94  531,800 
101,035,700 
92,599,300' 
84,456,600 


Silver. 


Fine  ozs. 


37,743.800 
39,909,400 
39,694,000 
41,721,600 
45,792,700 
50,094  500 
54,516,300 
58,330,000 
63,500,000 
60,000,000 
49,500,000 
55,727,000 
58,834.800 
53,860,000 
54,438,000 
54,764,500 
57,647,000 
55,214,000 
55,500,000 
54,300,000 
57,682,806 
58.938.355 
56,517,900 
.56,514,700 
52,440.800 
54,721.500 
57,137.900 
60.399,400 
63,766.800 
66,801,500 
72.455.100 
74.961.075 
78,875.176 
74,244,500 


Com.  val. 


$41,921,300 
42.503.600 
39.482,400 
40.887.200 
43,045,100 
46,838.400 
57,242,100 
57,630,000 
55,662,500 
46,800,000 
31,422,100 
36,445,500 
39,654,601 
32,316,000 
32,118,400 
32.858,700 
35,741,100 
33,128,400 
29,415,000 
29,322,000 
.33,456,000 
35,952,397 
38,256,400 
37,299,700 
28,050,600 
28.455,200 
?0,854.466 
32.615,700 
39.197.500 
40.348,100 
40.067.700 
37.397.300 
61.899.866 
61.139,600 


MONETARY    SYSTEM    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(Revised  b^'  the  Director  of  the  Mint.) 

Gold  Coin — Weight.  25.8  grains  to  the  dollar;  fineness.  900-1000,  unlimited  as  to  issue;  denominations. 
,82.50.  S5.  $10.  S20;  legal  tender,  unlimited;  receivaljle  (or  all  public  duties;  exchangeable  for  gold  certifi- 
cates and  subsidiary  und  minor  coin.  .  .^     .,,.  „„„  ...    , 

Standard  Silvek  Dollars— Weight,  4:12.5  grains;  fineness,  900-1000;  ratio  to  gold,  15.988  to  1; 
coinage  ceased  in  1905;  legal  tender,  unlimited,  unle.ss  otherwise  contracted;  receivable  for  all  public  duties; 
exchangeable  for  silver  certificates  and  smaller  coins.  .  .,   ,'    „,„ 

Subsidiary  Silver  Coin— Weight,  385.8  grains  to  the  dollar;  fineness,  900-1000;  ratio  to  gold,  14.953 
to  1.    Limit  of  issue,  needs  of  Ihe  people.     Denominations  10  cents,  25  cents,  50  cents;  legal  tender  not  to 
exceed  SIO;  receivable  for  all  dues  up  to  SIO;  exchangeable  for  minor  coin;  redeemable  in  "  lawful  money 
at  the  Treasury  in  sums  or  multiples  of  S'20. 

Minor  Coin — Weight  5  cent  piece,  77.16  grains,  75  per  cent,  copper,  25  per  cent,  nicliel;  1  cent  piece, 
48  grains,  95  per  cent,  copper,  5  per  cent,  tin  and  zinc;  limit  of  issue,  needs  of  the  people;  legal  tender  not 
to  exceed  25  cents;  reoeivablo  lor  ail  dues  up  to  25  cents;  redeemable  in  "lawful  money"  at  the  Treasury 
in  suras  or  multiples  of  $20.  ,      , ,        .,.,.,,. 

Gold  Certificates — Limit  of  issue  for  gold  bullion  to  two-thirds  of  the  amount  of  gold  certificates 
outstauding;  for  gold  coin,  unlimited,  unless  gold  coin  reserve  against  United  States  notes  (greenbacks) 
falls  below  8100,000,000;  denominations,  .SIO,  "820,  S50,  SlOO,  S500,  S1,000,  S5,000,  S10,000;  gold  certificatea 
are  noc  a  legal  tender;  receivable  for  aJi  public  dues;  redeemable  in  gold  coin  at  the  Treasury. 

,  Silver  Certificates — Unlimited  as  to  Issue  for  standard  silver  dolars;  denominations,  SI.  S2,  $6, 
SrO,  520,  S50,  SlOO;  not  a  le,i?al  tender;  receivable  for  all  public  dues;  redeemable  in  silver  dollars  at  the 
Tr6tisii''V 

Umted  States  Note.s— Limit  of  issue,  5346,681,016;  denominations,  SI,  S2  So,  SIO,  S20,  $50,  SlOO, 
S500,  S1,000;  legal  tender  for  all  debts,  public  and  private,  except  Customs  and  interest  on  the  public  debt; 
receivable  for  all  pubUc  dues;  redeemable  in  gold  at  thci  Treasury.  ,       .       ., 

Treasury  Notes  of  1890— No  furtlier  issues;  volume  steadily  diminishing  by  redemption  In  silver 
dollars;  denominations.  SI.  $2,  .S5,  $10,  S20,  S50,  SlOO,  SoOO,  Sl.OOO;  legal  tender,  unlimited,  unless  otherwise 
contracted;  receivable  for  all  public  dues;  redeemable  in  gold  or  silver  dollars  at  the  Treasury. 

N-iiTioNAL  Bank  Notes — Limit  of  issue  not  to  exceed  capital  of  banks;  denominations.  S5,  SIO,  520, 
S50,  SlOO.  $500.  Sl.OOO;  not  a  legal  tender;  receivable  lor  all  public  dues  except  customs;  redeemable  in 
"lawful  money"  at  the  Treasury  or  at  bank  of  issue. 

Federal  Reserve  Bank  Notes — Limit  of  issue  unlimited,  except  by  the  required  security,  and  by 
the  discretion  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board;  denominations,  SI,  S2,  S5,  SIO,  S20,  S50,  SlOO,  S500_,_  $1,000; 
not  a  legal  tender;  receivable  for  all  public  dues  except  customs;  redeemable  in  "lawful  money  at  the 
Treasury  or  at  bank  of  issue.  _  _  „,         ^       ^  .^, «, 

Federal  Reserve  Notes — Limit  of  issue  same  as  Federal  Reserve  Bank  notes;  denominations,  55, 
$10,  S20,  $50,  $100,  S500,  $1,000,  S5,000,  $10,000;  not  a  legal  tender;  receivable  for  all  public  dues;  redeem- 
able In  gold  at  the  Treasury,  and  in  gold  or  "lawful  money"  at  any  Federal  Reserve  Bank. 


AMERICA. 

South  Third  Avenue,  Mount  Vemoii. 
State  Fice-Pre/tSeni— Henry  Swartz.  51  Chambers  Street,  New  York  City.    Stale  Secretary- 
vingtou,  28  Lewis  Street,  Bingliamton.    "  "-     ■"--•'-■-    -..r.^.i-.,  ,  Tr„... 


PATRIOTIC    ORDER     SONS    OF 

State  Camp  of  New  York.    State  President— hee  J.  Fuller,  213 


National  President — William  J.  Heaps,  Baltimore,  Md. 


-Dr.  A.  P.  Yel- 


430 


World  Production  of  Gold  and  Silver. 


WORLD    PRODUCTION    OF    COLD    AND    SILVER. 

CALENDAR    YEAR    1916. 


Country. 


NoiM)  America — United  States. 

C'anada 

Mexico 


Total 

Central  Amer.  States  &  W.  Indies 


Soiitli  America— Argentina . 

Bolivia 

Brazil 

Cliile 

Colombia 

Ecuador 

Peru 

Uruguay 

Guiana — I!riti.s}i 

Dutch 

French 

Venezuela 


Total 


Gold. 


SIL'V'TIH. 


Kilos, 
Fine. 


130,318 
28,942 
11,572 


179,832 

5,293 

23 

6 

4,348 

447 

9,290 

843 

1,907 

18 

994. 

659 

2,407 

1,911 


Ounces, 
Fine. 


4,479,051 
930.-195 
372,040 


Europe — ^Austria-Hungary . 

France 

Great  Britain 

Greece 

Italy 

Norway 

Russia 

Serbia 

Spain 

Sweden 

Turkey 


Total . 


Australia— New  South  Wales. 

Nortliern  Territory 

Queenslan;! 

South  Austi-alla 

Victoria 

Western  Australia 

New  Zealand 

Ta.smania 

Papua  (North  Borneo) .... 


Total. 


Asia — British  India 

China 

Chosen 

East  Indies — British  and  Dutch. 

Federated  Malay  Stales 

Formosa  (Taiwan) 

Indo-Cliina 

Japan 


Total . 


A.irira — Belgian  Congo 

Ecypt 

French  East  Africa 

Madagascar 

Portuguese  East  Alrica 

Rhodesia 

Transvaal,  Caoe  Col'ny  &  Natal 
West  Alrica  (Gold  Coast) 


Total 

Total  for  Tvorld . 


22,853 

1,505 

1,505 

9 


33,854 


18 


36,894 

3,364 

19 

6,692 

242 

7,983 

33,014 

8,781 

491 

317 


60,903 

16,862 
4,665 
6,203 
4,514 
493 
1,506 
99 
7,803 


42,145 

3,484 

196 

47 

1,452 

349 

28,938 

289,171 

11,827 


3.3.5,464 
683,384 


5,781,586 

170,164 

740 

198 

139,804 

14,363 

298,662 

27,090 

61,310 

581 

31,962 

21,198 

77,400 

61,431 


734,739 

48,375 

48,375 

276 


Value. 


892,590,300 

19,235,000 

7,090,700 


■S119, 516,000 
83,517,600 

815,300 

4,100 

2,890,000 

296,900 
6,173,900 

500,000 

1,267,400 

12,000 

600,700 

438,200 
1,000,000 
1,269,900 


97 


1,088,437 


590 


1,186,150 

108,147 

600 

215,162 

7,769 

256,654 

1,061,396 

282,317 

15,789 

10,183 


1,958,017 

542,115 

149,996 

199,421 

145,125 

15.362 

48.433 

3,173 

250,854 


1,354,979 

112,012 

6,289 

1,514 

46,682 

11,218 

030,358 

9,296,848 

380,232 


10,785,153 


21.970,788 


815,188,400 

81,000,000 

1,000,000 

5,700 


2,000 


22,.5OO,000 


12,200 


824,519,900 

82,235,600 

12,400 

4,447,800 

160,600 

5.305,.500 

21,911,000 

5,836,000 

326,400 

210,500 


.?40,475,800 

511,206,500 
3,100,700 
4,122,400 
3,000,000 
327,900 
1,001,200 
65,600 
5,185,600 


828,009,900 

52,315, .500 

130,000 

31,300 

9i-,6,000 

231,900 

19,232,200 

192,182,900 

7,860,100 


8222,048,900 


.8454,170.500 


Kilos, 
Fine. 


2,314,613 
791,904 
710.370 


Ounces, 
Fine. 


3,816,887 

80,949 

662 

77,615 

684 

59,310 

9,623 

933 

335,522 


264 


484,613 
46,656 


2,691 

10,887 

15,132 

13,6.58 

17,107 

311 

140,522 

1,179 

15,5.52 


74,414,800 
25,4.):),700 
22,838,400 


122,712,900 
2,692,500 

21,300 
2,495,300 

22,000 

1,906.800 

3!)n.400 

;io,ooo 

10.787,000 


8,500 


Value, 

(S0.CS047) . 


851,083,528 
17,477,320 
15,677,876 


884,238,724 

$1,786,538 

814,623 

1,712,948 

15,l(i2 

1,-308,901 

212,394 

20,594 

7,404,952 


5,835 


15,580,300 
1,505.000 


263,695 
87,139 


7,558 


1,005 

6,221 

24,463 


126,386 

19,555 
933 
778 


1,484 

31 

180.581 


203,362 

342 
37 


622 

37 

6,243 

30,137 


37,418 


5.013,310 


sr>,500 
3.10,000 
486,500 
439,100 
550,000 

10,000 
,517,800 

37,900 
500,000 


8,477,800 
2,801,500 


243,000 


.S2.300 
200,000 
785,500 


4,063,300 

628,700 
30,000 
25,000 


47,70Q 

1,90Q 

5,805,700 


6,533,100 

11,000 
1,200 


20,000 

l,20Cf 

200,700 

968,900 


1,203,000 


161,177,900 


$10,095,409 
§1,029,705 


.59,380 

240,264 

333,968 

301,429 

377,558 

6,865 

3,101,334 

26,017 

343,235 


55,819,755 
$1,923,146 


166,812 


22,173 
137,294 
539,909 


$2,789,334 

8431,584 
20,594 
17,162 


32,745 

686 

3,985,439 


54,488,210 

■87,551 
824 


13,729 

824 

137,775 

CC5,120 


.S825,823 


8110,643,793 


CALENDAR    YEAR    1917. 


Gold. 

Silver. 

COUVfRY. 

Kilos, 
Fine. 

Ounces, 
Fine. 

Value.  . 

Kilos, 
Fine. 

Ounces, 
Fine. 

Value, 
(S0.89525) . 

North  America/ — United  States. . . 
Canada 

126,017 
22,871 
13,542 

4,051,440 
735,300 
435,375 

883,750,700 

15,200,000 

9,000,000 

2,231,428 
688,989 
970,886 

71,740,400 
22,151,000 
31,214,000 

564,225,593 
19,830,683 

Mexico. 

27,944,333 

Total 

162.430 

4,098 

5,222,115 
151,026 

5107,950,700 
83,122,000 

3,891,303 
73,701 

125,105,400 
2,369,500 

$112,000,609 

.CcHti-al  A.mcr.  States  &  W.  Indies. 

52,121.295 

Baptist  World  Alliance. 


431 


WORLD  PRODUCTION  OF  GOLD  AND  SIl,VKR— Continued. 


CALENDAR  YEAR, 

1917 — Continued. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Country. 

Kilos. 
Fine. 

Ounces. 
Fine. 

Value. 

Kilos, 
Fine. 

Ounces, 
Fine. 

Value. 
(80.89525).* 

South  America — ArgentiTia 

Bolivia 

7 

8 

4,451 

466 

9,329 

1,068 

1,956 

15 

903 

602 

2,257 

958 

222 

242 

143,093 

14,996 

299,925 

34.346 

62,888 

484 

29.025 

19.350 

72,563 

30.815 

S4,600 

5,000 

2,958,000 

310,000 

6,200,000 

710,000 

1,300,000 

10,000 

600,000 

400,000 

1,500,000 

637,000 

902 

75,745 

778 

52,012 

10,109 

1.490 

342.146 

29,000 

2.435,200 

25,000 

1,672.200 

325,000 

45,000 

11,000,000 

825,962 
2.180.113 

Brazil 

22.381 

Chile 

1,497.037 

290.966 

Ecuador 

40.286 

Peru               

9.847.750 

Guiana — British 

249 
102 

8,000 
3,300 

Dutch       

7.162 

French     

Venezuela 

2,955 

Total 

22.020 

1,504 
1,053 

8 

707.949 

48.375 

33.862 

242 

814,634,600 

81,000,000 

700.000 

5.000 

483,443 
46,656 

15,542,700 
1,500,000 

813.914.602 

njurope — Austria-Hungary 

81,342.875 

Great  Britain 

2,675 

10,886 

13,997 

8,771 

15,553 

622 

139.969 

1.089 

12.441 

86,000 
350,000 
450,000 
282,000 
500,000 

20,000 
4,500.000 

35.000 
400.000 

76.991 

313,337 

Italy       

3 

97 

2,000 

402,863 

252,461 
447.625 

27,084 
15 

870.750 

18,000.000 

Serbia               .       

17,905 

4,028,625 

484 

10.000 

31,334 

358,100 

Total 

Australia — New  South  Wales 

Northern  Territory 

29,667 

2,555 

12 

278 

5,452 

155 

6,199 

30,290 

8,708 

437 

953.810 

82.160 

387 

175.277 

4,992 

199,290 

973,827 

279,956 

14,029 

8,945 

S19.717.000 

Sl.698.400 

8.000 

3.623.300 

103.200 

4.119.700 

20.130,800 

5.787,200 

290,000 

184,900 

252.659 
87.092 

8.123,000 
2,800,000 

$7,272,116 
82.506,700 

24b,666 

7,465 

214,860 

29,000 
221,800 
780,000 

Western  Australia 

903 

6.898 

24.262 

25.962 

New  Zealand    

198.567 

098.295 

Papua  (North  Borneo) 

Total 

54,086 

16,185 
5,417 
6,687 
4,240 
515 
1.554 
75 
6,865 

1.738.863 

520,360 

174,155 

214,979 

136,321 

16,559 

49.971 

2.419 

220.696 

835,945,500 

810,756,800 
3,600,100 
4,444,000 
2,818,000 
342,300 
1,033,000 
50,000 
4,562,200 

126.620 

18.662 

1.972 

871 

4,070,800 

600,000 
03,400 
28,000 

83.644.384 

Asia — British  India       

8537,150 

China 

56.759 

Chosen 

25.067 

East  Indies — British  and  Dutch. 
Federated  Malay  States 

1,555 

31 

212,893 

60,000 

1,000 

6,844,500 

44.763 

Indo-China 

895 

Japan. . .  ._ 

6.127.538 

Total            

41,538 

3.195 

99 

47 

1,431 

374 

25.948 

280,625 

11,203 

1.335.460 

102.734 

3.183 

1.500 

46.000 

12.026 

834,227 

9,022,102 

360,181 

827,606,400 

82,123,700 

65800 

31,000 

950,900 

248,600 

17,245,000 

186,503,400 

7,445,600 

235,984 

320 
29 

7,586,900 

10,300 
900 

$6,792,172 

Africa — Belgian  Congo 

Egypt     

89,221 
806 

Fi-enrh  East  Africa 

622 

37 

6.594 

29,549 

20,000 

1,200 

212.000 

950.000 

l'7,965 

Portuguese  East  Africa 

1,074 
189,793 

Transvaal,  Cape  Col'ny  &  Natal 
West  Africa  (Gold  Coast) 

850,488 

322,922 

10.381,953 

8214,614,000 

37,151 

1,194.400 

$1,069,287 

6.37.361 

20.491,176 

$423,590,200 

5,100,861 

163.992.700 

8146,814,465 

*  Average  United  SUtes  equivalent  value  of  a  fine  ounce  in  London,  with  exchange  at  par. 
Note— Official  figures  for  1917  are  lacking  in  many  cases;  for  1916  m  several  cases.     Estimates  are 
based  on  the  most  reliable  information  available. 

AMERICAN     METRIC     ASSOCIATION. 

156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City.  President— OeoTKe  F  Kunz  405  I'^iftl^  Avenue.  New  York  Firs< 
Vice-PreMdent—Wmam  Jay  Schieffelin,  107  William  Street,  New  York  ^^ecmd  Vice-President— ^^ 
Albrecht,  The  Bourse,  Philadelphia.  Pa.  Third  Vice-President— Hemy  V.  Amy,  Columbia  University.  New 
York.  Tr€os«rer— Arthur  P.  Williams,  56  Hud.son  Street^  New  York.  /'^^'^I^f'an/— Howard  Richards,  jr^,  156 
Fifth  Avfenue  New  York.  Executive  Committee— 3  obn  Barrett,  Pan-American  Union  Washington^  DC., 
Fred  R  Drake  Easton  Pa  Arthur  E.  Kennelly.  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Cambridge; 
S^muelW^Stratt^n  Bureau  of  St^^^  Washington,  D.  C;  William  P.  Wilson.  Commercial  Museum. 
Philadelphia. 

BAPTIST  WORLD   ALLIANCE. 

Presidentr-ney  R  S  McArthur,  D.  D..  New  York.  European  Secretary— Uev .  J.  H.  Shakespeare.  M, 
A.,  London  American  Secretarv-ney.  R.  H.  Pitt.  D.  D.,  Richmond,  Va.  Cfiair,nan  American  Executive 
— Rev.  L.  A.  CrandaU,  D.  D.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 


43^ 


Federal  Reserve  Board. 


FEDERAL    RESERVE    BOARD. 

(Revised  to  December  1,  1918.) 
Ex-offlcio  Members — The  Secretai-y  of  the  Treasury,  Chairman,  and  the    Comptroller   of   the   Cur- 
rency; W.  P.  G.  Harding,  Governor;    Albert   S.  Strauss,  Vice-Governor,  Adolph    C.    Miller,    Charles  S. 
Hamlin;  J.  A.  Broderick,  Secretary;  L.  C.  Adelson  and  W.  T.  Chapman;  Assistant  Secretaries;    W.  M. 
Imlay,  Fiscal  Agent;  M.  C  Elliott,  Counsel. 

OFFICERS    OF    FEDERAL    RESERVE    BANKS. 
(As  of  September  20,  1918.) 


Bank. 

Governor. 

Deputy  .Governor. 

Chairman  &  Fed. 
Reserve  Agent. 

Deputy 
Chairman. 

Cashier. 

Boston 

New  York . . . 

Philadelphia. . 

Cleveland 

Richmond .  .  . 

Chas.  A.  Morss.. 
Benj.  Strong,  Jr. 

E.  P.  Passmore.. 
E.  R.  Fancher. . . 

Geo.  J.  Seay 

Jos.  A.  McCord . 

Chas.  E.  Spencer,  Jr. 

R.  H.  Treman,  J.  H, 
Case,  J.  P.  Curtis, 
L.  F.  Sailer 

Wm.  H.  Hutt.  Jr..  . 

C.  A.'  Peple'. '.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

P.  H.  Curtiss.  .  .  . 
Pierre  .lay 

R.  L.  Austin 

D.  C.  WiUs 

Caldwell  Hardy .  . 
M.B.  Wellborn... 
Wm.  A.  Heath... 
Wm.McC.  Martin 
John  H.  Rich.  .  .  . 
Asa  E.  Ramsay. .  . 
W.  F.  Ramsey.  .  . 
John  Perrin 

Allen  Holiis 

Geo.  F.  Peabody. 

H.  B.  Thompson. 
L.  H.  Treadway. 
J.  A.  Mouciire..  . 

E.  T.  Brown 

.lames  Simpson . . 
J.  \V.  Boehne .  .  . 
W.  H.  Lightner.. 

F.  W.  Fleming.  . 
W.  B.  Newsome. 
W.  N.  Moore .  .  . 

C.  C.  BuUen. 
L.  H.  Hendricks. 

W.  A.  Dyer. 
Edwin  Baxter. 
G.  H.  Keesee. 
J.  B.  Pike. 

Chicago 

St.  Louis .... 
Minneapolis. . 
Kansas  City. . 

Dallas 

San  Francisco 

J.  B.  McDougal. 

Rolla  Wells 

Theodore  Wold. . 
J.  Z.  Miller.  Jr. . 
R.  L.  VanZandt. 
J.  K.  Lynch 

C.  R.  McKay 

W.  W.  Hoxton 

R.  A.  Young 

J.  L.  Cross 

J.  W.  Hoopes 

J.  U.  Calkins 

B.  G.  McCloud. 
O.  M.  Attebery. 
S.  S.  Cook. 
.\.  W.  Anderson. 
L.  P.  Talley. 
Ira  Clerk. 

DIRECTORS    OF    FEDERAL    RESERVE    BANKS. 


Bank. 


Boston 

New  York.. . 

Philadelphia . 
Cleveland . . . 
Richmond  . . 

Atlanta 

Chicago 

St.  Louis. . .  . 
Minneapolis. 
Kansas  City . 

Dallas 

S.  Francisco. 


Class  A. 


T.  P.  Beal,  Boston 

T.  W.  Farnam,  New  Haven..  . 
A.M.Heard,  Manchester.N.H 
Wm.  Woodward,  New  York.. . 

R.  H.  Treman,  Ithaca 

F.  D.  Locke,  Buffalo 

Jos.  Wayne,  Jr.,  Philadelphia. . 

W.  H.  Peck,  Scranton 

M.J. Murphy,  Clarks  Gr'u,  Pa 
Robt.  Wai-drop.  Pittsburgh.  . . 

W.  S.  Rowe,  Cincinnati 

S.  B.  Rankin,  S.  Charleston,  O . 

H.  B.  Wilcox,  Baltimore 

J.  F.  Bruton,  Wilson,  N.  C.  .  . 
Edwin  Mann,  Bluefleld,  W.  Va 
I..  P.  Hillyer,  Macon,  Ga 

F.  W.  Foote,  Hattiesburg,  Miss 
P.  R.  Kittles,  Sylvania,  Ga .  .  . 

G.  M.  Reynolds,  Chicago 

J.  B.  Forgan,  Chicago 

E.  L.  Johnson,  Waterloo,  la.  . 
Walker  Hill,  St.  Louis 

F.  O.  Watts,  St.  Louis 

S.  A.  Ziegler,  Albion,  III 

E.  W.  Decker,  Minneapolis.  .  . 
L.  B.  Hanna,  Fargo,  N.  D.  .  .  . 
J.  C.  Bassett,  Aberdeen,  S.  D .  . 

J.  C.  Mitchell,  Denver 

W.  J.  Bailey,  Atchison,  Kan .  . 
C.  E.  Burnham,  Norfolk,  Neb.. 
J.  T.  Scott,  Houston,  Tex .... 
E.  K.  Smith,  Shreveport,  La. . 

B.  A.  McKinney,  Durant,  Okla 

C.  K.  Mcintosh,  S.  Francisco.  . 
J.  E.  Fishbum,  Los  Angeles. . . 
Alden  Anderson,  Sacramento. 


Class  B. 


P.  R.  Allen,  E.  Walpole,  Mass. 
E.  R.  Morse,  Proctor,  Vt 

C.  G.  Washburn,  Worcester. .  . 

H.  R.  Towne,  New  York 

W.  B.  Thompson,  Yonkers. . .  . 

L.  R.  Palmer,  Croton 

\.  B.  Johnson,  Philadelphia .  .  . 
E.  S.  Stuart,  Philadelphia.  .  .  . 
G.W.F. Gaunt,  Mull.  Hill.N.J 
T.  A.  Combs,  Lexington,  Ky. . 

R.  P.  Wright,  Erie,  Pa 

J.  Stambaugh,  Youngstown,  O. 
Edmund  Strudwick,  Richmond 

D.  R.  Coker,  HartsvlUe,  S.  C 
J.  F.  Oyster,  Washington. . . 
J.  A.  McCrary,  Decatur,  Ga 
W.  H.  Hartford,  Nashville. . 


J.  W.  Blodgett,  Grand  Rapids 
A.  H.  Vogel,  Milwaukee 


D.  C.  Biggs,  St.  Louis 

W.  B.  Plunkett,  Little  Rock .  . 
Leroy  Percy,  Greenville,  Miss. . 

F.  R.  Bigelow,  St.  Paul 

F.  P.  Hlxon,  La  Crosse,  Wis .  . 
N.  B.  Holter,  Helena,  Mont.  . 
M.  L.  McClure,  Kansas  City.  . 
T.  C.  Byrne,  Omaha,  Neb .... 
H.  W.  Gibson,  Muskogee,  Okla 
Marion  Sansom,  Ft.  Worth .  .  . 
Frank  Kell,  Wichita  Fails,  Tex. 
J.  J.  Culbertson,  Paris,  Tex. . . 
A.  B.  C.  Dohrmann,  S.  Franc'o 
.r.  A.  McGregor,  S.  Francisco. 

E.  H.  Cox,  Madera.  Cal 


Class  C. 


F.  H.  Curtiss,  Boston. 

Allen  Holiis,   Concord,  N.  H. 
J.  H.  Metcalf,  Providence. 
Pierre  Jay,  New  York. 

G.  P.  Peabody,  Lake  George. 
W.  L.  Saunders,  New  York. 
R.  L.  Austin,  Philadelplila. 
H.  B.  Thompson,  Wilmington. 

C.  C.  Harrison,  Philadelphia. 

D.  C.  Wills,  Bellevue,  Pa. 
L.  H.  Treadway,  Cleveland. 
H.  P.  Wolfe,  Columbus,  O. 
J.  A.  Moncure,  Richmond. 
Caldwell  Hardy,  Norfolk,  Va. 
Howard  Bruce,  Baltimore. 

M.  B.  Wellborn,  Anniston,  Ala. 

E.  T.  Brown,  Atlanta. 

W.  H.  Kettig,  Birmingham. 
Wm.  A.  Heath,  Evanston,  III. 
James  Simpson,  Chicago. 

E.  T.  Meredith,  Des  Moines. 
Wm.  MeC.  Martin,  St.  Louis. 
J.  W.  Boehne,  Evansville,  Ind. 
C.  P.  J.  Mooney,  Memphis. 
John  H.  Rich,  Red  Wing, Minn. 
W.  H.  Ligiitner,  St.  Paul. 

J.  W.  Black,  Houghton,  Mich. 
Ksa.  E.*  Ramsay,  Kansas  City. 

F.  W.  Fleming,  Kansas  City. 
R.  H.  Malone,  Denver. 

Wm.  F.  Ramsey,  Dallas. 
W.  B.  Newsome,  Dallas. 
H.  O.  W^ootea,  Abilene,  Tex. 
John  Perrin,  Pasadena. 
E.  G.  Elliott,  Berkeley. 
W.  N.  Moore,  San  Francisco. 


FEDERAL  RESERVE  DISTRICTS. 
The  boundaries,  1917  population,  and  June  29,  1918,  banking  resources  of  the  12  Federal  Reserve 
Districts  are  as  follows,  the  location  of  the  F.  Res.  Bank  in  each  district  being  in  parenthesis: 

District  No.  1  (Boston) — The  New  England  States:  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts, 
Rhode  Island,  and  Connecticut  (except  Fairfield  County). 
Pop.,  6,963,987.     Bank  resoui-ces,   51,813,836,000. 

District  No.  2  (New  York) — The  State  of  New  York,  and  the  New  Jersey  counties  of  Bergen,  Essex,  Hud- 
son, Hunterdon,  Middlesex,  Monmouth,  Morris,  Passaic,  Somerset,  Sussex,  Union,  and  Wan-en,  and 
also  Fairfield,   Ct. 
Pop.,  13,111,816.     Bank  resources,  87,887,878,000. 

District  No.  3  (Philadelphia) — The  State  of  Delaware;  the  State  of  New  Jersey  (including  only  the  counties 
of  Atlantic,  Burlington,  Camden,  Cape  May,  Cumberland,  Gloucester,  Mercer,  Ocean,  and  Salem); 
and  all  of  Pennsylvania  lying  east  of  the  western  boundaries  of  the  counties  of  McKean,  Elk,  Clear- 
field, Cambria  and  Bedford. 
Pop.,  6,632,611.     Bank  resources,  81,659,153,000. 

District  No.  4  (Cleveland) — The  State  of  Ohio:  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  west  of  Dist.  No.  3;  in  West 
Virginia  the  counties  of  Marshall,  Ohio,  Brooke,  Hancock,  Wetzel,  and  Tvler;  and  all  of  Kentucky 
lying  east  of  the  western  boundary  of  the  counties  of  Boone,  Grant,  Scott,  Woodford,  Jessamine,  Gar- 
rard, Lincoln,  Pulaski,  and  McCrearv. 
Pop.,   9,314,762.     Bank   resources,   82,239,511,000. 

District  No.  5  (Richmond)— The  District  of  Columbia;  the  States  of  Md.,  Va.,  N.  C,  S.  C;  and  all  of 
W.  Va.  not  in  Dist.  No.  4. 
Pop.,  9,278,461.     Bank  resources,  $978,007,000. 


Federal  Farm  Loan  Bank's  Condition. 


433 


FEDERAL  RESERVE  BOARD — ConHnued. 


District  No.  6  (Atlanta) — The  States  of  Alabama,  Georgia,  and  Florida:  all  that  part  of  Tennessee  located 
east  of  the  western  boundary  of  the  following  counties:  Stewart,  Houston,  Wayne,  Humphreys,  and 
Perry;  all  that  part  of  Mississippi  located  south  of  the  northern  boundary  of  the  following  counties: 
Issaquena,  Sharlcey,  Yazoo,  Kemper,  Madison,  Leake,  and  Neshoba;  ,ind  all  of  Louisiana  south  of  the 
Pariah  of  Avoyelles,  and  east  of  ttie  western  boundaries  of  the  parishes  of  Poiate  Loupe,  Iberville,  As- 
sumption, and  Terraboune. 
Pop.,  10,055,640.     Bank  resourees,  $785,005,000. 

District  No.  7  (Chicago)- — The  State  of  Iowa;  in  Wisconsin  the  counties  of  Adams,  Brown,  Calumet,  Clark, 
Columbia,  Crawford,  Dane,  Dodge,  Door.  Fond  du  Lac,  Grant,  Green,  Green  Lake,  Iowa,  Jackson, 
Jefferson,  Juneau,  Kenosha,  Kewaunee,  Lafayette,  Langlade,  Manitowoc,  Marathon,  Marinette,  Mar- 
quette, Milwaukee,  Monroe,  Oconto,  Outagamie,  Ozaukee,  Portage,  Racine,  Richland,  Rock,  Sauk, 
Shawano,  Sheboygan,  Vernon,  Walworth.  Washington,  \^'aukesha,  Waupaci,  Waushara,  Winnebago, 
Wood;  all  of  the  soxithern  peninsula  of  Micliigan,  viz.,  that  part  east  of  Lake  Michigan;  allot  that  part 
of  Illinois  located  north  of  a  line  forming  the  southern  boundary  of  the  following  counties:  Hancock, 
Schuyler,  Cass,  Sangamon,  Christian,  Shelby,  Cumberland,  and  Clark;  and  all  that  part  of  Indiana 
north  of  a  line  forming  tlie  southern  boundary  of  the  following  counties:  Vigo,  Clay,  Owen,  Mon- 
roe, Brown,  Bartholomew,  Jennings,  Ripley,  and  Ohio  . 
Pop.,  14,154,175.     Bank  resources,  53,212,305,000. 

District  No.  8  (St.  Louisi — The  State  of  Arkansas;  all  that  part  of  Missouri  located  east  of  the  western 
boundary  of  the  following  counties:  Harrison,  Daviess,  Caldwell,  Ray,  Lafayette,  Johnson,  Henry, 
St.  Clair,  Cedar,  Dade,  Lawrence,  and  Barry;  all  that  part  of  Illinois  not  included  in  Dlst.  No.  7;  all 
that  part  of  Indiana  not  included  in  Dist.  No.  7;  all  that  part  of  Kentucky  not  included  In  Dlst.  No. 
4;  all  that  part  of  Tennessee  not  incUide<l  in  Dist.  No.  6;  and  all  that  part  of  Mississippi  not  included  in 
Dist.  No.  6. 
Pop.,  9,  291,698.     Bank  re.sources,  5945,401,000. 

District  No.  9  (Minneapolis) — The  States  of  Mont.,  N.  Dak.,  S.  Dak.,  Minn.;  in  Wisconsin  the  counties 
of  Ashland,  Barron,   Bayfield,  Buffalo,   Burnett,  Chippewa,   Douglas.   Dunn,   Eau  Claire,   Florence, 
Forest,  Iron,  La  Crosse,  Lincoln,  Oneida,  Pepin,  Pierce,  PolU,  Price,  Rusk,  St.  Croix,  Sawyer,  Taylor. 
Trempealeau,  Vilas,  AVashburn;  all  that  part  of  Michigan  not  in  Dist.  No.  7. 
Pop.,  5,164,426.     Bank  resources.  $864,405,000.  ,  ,         ,     .^.  .   .^t     o 

District  No.  10  (Kansas  City) — The  States  of  Kan.,  Neb.,  Col.  and  Wyo.;  all  of  Mlssoiu-I  not  in  Dist.  No.  8; 
in  Oklahoma  all  the  counties  except  Atoka,  Bryan,  Choctaw,  Cool,  Johnston,  McCurtain,    Marshall, 
and  Pushmataha;  and  all  that  part  of  New  Mexico  north  of  a  line  forming  the  southern  boundary  ol 
the  following  counties:     McKiuley,  Sandoval,  Santa  Fe,  San  Miguel,  and  Union. 
Pop.,  7,404,443.     Bank  resources,  51,249,684,000.  ,   ^  ^  .     ^,       ^r      ,n 

District  No.  11  (Dallas) — The  State  of  Texas;  all  that  part  of  New  Mexico  not  included  in  Dlst.  No.  10; 
all  that  part  of  Oklahoma  not  included  In  Dist.  No.  10;  all  that  part  of  Louisiana  not  included  in  Dist. 
No.  6;  and  the  following  counties  in  the  State  of  Arizona:   Pima,  Graham,  Greenlee,   Cochise,  and 
Santa  Cruz. 
Pop.,  5,637,290.     Bank  resources,  .$674,315,000.  ,^  ,       ^r       ^  j 

District  No.  12  (San  Francisco)— The  States  of  California,  Washington,  Oregon,  Idaho,  Nevada,  and 
Utah,  and  all  that  part  of  Arizona  not  included  in  Dist.  No.  11. 
Pop.,    6,631,164.     Bank    resources,    51,384,578. 
Total  pop.,  12  districts,   103,640,473.     Total  bank  resources,  523,694,078,000. 


FEDERAL    FARM    LOAN    BANK'S    CONDITION. 

(As  of  April  30,  1918,  at  close  of  first  year's  busiuess.) 
THE  report  covers  the  whole  twelve  banks. 


Doilars. 
1,573,344.26 

:i01,4,33.62 

297,534.80 

2,172,312.68 

2,097,245.76 
1,064,422.73 

1,032,823.03 

-  -10,070.60 

3.=), 216.78 

1,108,110.41 

1,064,202.27 

563,005.40 
479,574.72 
237,589.77 
20,594.16 
18,7.54.47 
156,637.99 

Total  expenses 1,476,156.51 

Excess  of  expenses  and   interest 

charges  over  earnings 411,954.24 

Consolidated  Balance  Sheet  as  at 

Close  of  Business  April  30,  1918. 

Assets 

Mortgage  loans '. 91,865,586.20 

Accrued  interest 994,713.87 


Earnings. 

Interest  accrued  on  mortgage  loans. . . 

Interest  received  on  ti"!!!;  'vj'r.ce^  r-nd 
bond.5  and  Eecuni;^,.-  iiui^  i)rc!in\;ii:s 
received  on  farm  loan  bonds  sold . .  . 

Fees  (or  appraisal  and  determination  of 
title  and  other  miscellan's  earnings .  . 

Total  earnings 

Less  deductions  (interest  cliargcs) : 
Int.  accr.  on  farm  loan  bonds. . .  . 
Less  accr.  int.  coll.  on  bonds  sold 

Net  deduction 

Int.  accr.  on  borrowed  money,  etc. 
Int.  accr.  on  U.  S.  Gov.  deposits  . 

Total  deductions 

Balance 

Expenses. 

Administrative 

Appraisal  department 

Legal  department 

Bond  department 

Extension  and  publicity  department. . 
General 


Total 92,860,300.07 

Less  amortization  payments 120,846.79 


Net  total 92,733,453.28 


Assets — Contimicd. 

V.  S.  Gov.  bonds  and  certificates 

Securities  pledged  as  security  for  de- 
posit of  Government  funds: 

Farm  loan  bonds 

U.  S.  Gov.  bonds 


Total  bonds 

Cash  on  hand  and  in  banks. 

Accounts  receivable 

Fiu'niture  and  fixtures 

Other  assets 


Dollars. 
1,350,030.54 


3,820,000.00 
430,000.00 

.  4,260,000.00 

5,657,743.76 

16,260.80 

147,823.13 

202,158.35 


Total  a.sset3 104,357,469.86 

Exc.  of  e.xp.  and  int.  charg.  over  eiiin's        411,954.24 

Total .-       .    104,769,424.10 

liabilities. 
Capital  stock:   U.  S.  Government.  ..  .     8,892,130.00 
National  farm  loan  associations.  .     4,584,655.00 

Borrowers  through  agents 10,240.00 

Individual  subscribers 107,870.00 

Total 13,594,895.00 

Farm  loan  bonds:   Total  is.sued 83,750,000.00 

Less  bonds  on  hand  not  sold  or 

pledged 359,675.00 

Tot.  farm  loan  bonds  outstand'g  83,390,325.00 
Acer.  int.  on  (arm  loan  bonds. . .  .        950,444.94 

Total. .  . . ', 84,340,769.94 

-  4,250,000.00 

580,000.00 


United  States  Government  deposits . 
Bills  payable  (money  and  bonds  bor'd) 
Accounts  payable  (due  to  bor's.  det'd 
paym'B  on  loans  in  proc.  of  closing) 
Other  liabilities 


1,597,340.38 
406,418.78 


Total  liabilities 104,769.424.10 


434 


Federal  Reserve  Banking  System. 


FEDERAL  RESERVE  BANKING  SYSTEM 

THE  banking  and  currency  law,  known  aa  the  Federal  Reserve  Act,  was  approved  December  23,  1913» 
and  amended  June  21,  1917. 

Under  the  system  known  as  the  National  Banking  System,  which  was  inaugurated  at  the  latter  enfl 
ol  tlie  Civil  Wai',  the  National  banknote  currency  was  based  upon  Government  bonds  deposited  in  the 
Treasury,  and  the  currency  thus  issued  has  been  classed  by  economists  as  bond-secured  currency.  This 
plan  was  evolved  not  only  to  nationalize  and  unify  the  currency,  which  had  theretofore  consisted  of  notes 
issued  by  State  banka^  but  as  well  to  create  a  market  for  United  States  bonds,  and  in  this  way  to  sustain 
..their  value.  It  was  entirely  succe.ssful  for  the  latter  purpose,  but  has  outworn  its  usefulness  as  a  banking 
'  system  because  of  its  entire  want  of  elasticity. 

The  Federal  Reserve  Act  is  the  result  of  a  long  discussion  bj'  statesmen,  financiers,  economists  and 
bankers,  and  is  a  consti'uctive  measure  based  upon  and  growing  out  of  many  bills  which  have  been  intro- 
duced within  the  past  twenty  years.  Under  it  twelve  cities,  known  as  Federal  Reserve  cities,  are  established, 
and  the  (continental)  United  States  is  divided  into  twelve  geographical  districts,  each  district  containing 
one  of  the  reserve  cities.     The  twelve  districts  and  their  respective  reserve  cities  are  as  follows: 


Dist.  No.  1 .  .  . 

Boston,  Mass. 

Dist.  No.  6... 

Richmond,  Va. 

Dist.  No.     9  .  . 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Dist.  No.  2 .  .  . 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dist.  No.  6 .  .  . 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Dist.  No.  10.  . 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Dist.  No.  3 .  .  . 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Dist.  No.  7 .  .  . 

Chicago.  111. 

Dist.  No.  11.  . 

Dallas,  Tex. 

Dist.  No.  4 .  . . 

Cleveland,  Oliio. 

Dist.  No.  8 .  .  . 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Dist.  No.  12  .  . 

San  Francisco.  Cal. 

There  are  branches  of  Federal  Reserve  banks  in  the  following  cities:  Cincinnati,  Pittsburgh,  Baltimore, 
New  Orleans,  Birmingham,  Jacksonville,  Detroit,  Louisville,  Omaha,  Denver,  El  Paso,  Seattle,  Spokane, 
Portland,  Ore.,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Every  National  bank  is  required  to  become  a  stockholder  In  the  Federal  Reserve  bank  of  the  district 
in  which  it  is  situated,  and  any  State  bank  or  trajt  company  which  complies  with  certain  specified  require- 
ments is  permitted  to  become  a  member  bank.  There  were  (June  29.  1918)  7,732  National  Banks  in  the 
United  States  which  have  thus  been  required  to  become  member  banks,  and  523  State  institutions  had 
become  members. 

The  largest  district,  Chicago,  has  1,167  member  banlis.     The  smallest,  Boston,  has  415. 

Each  member  bank  is  required  to  subscribe  to  the  stock  of  the  Federal  Reserve  bank  of  its  district  in 
the  amount  equal  to  6  per  centum  of  its  paid-up  capital  stock  and  surplus.  The  Federal  Reserve  bank 
does  not  do  business  with  the  public  in  the  sense  that  banks  usually  do;  it  may  better  be  described  as  a 
bank  of  banks.  II  is  made  a  depositary  lor  a  certain  proportion  of  the  reserve  of  all  the  member  banks, 
and  in  addition  may  also  be  a  depository  for  Government  funds. 

Each  Federal  Reserve  bank  has  nine  directors,  three  of  whom  represent  the  member  banks,  three  repre- 
sent commercial,  agricultural  or  other  Industrial  pursuit  (these  six  being  chosen  by  the  member  banks), 
and  Anally  three  Government  directors  chosen  by  the  I'ederal  Reserve  Board.  These  nine  directors  are 
ctiarged  with  the  duty  of  appointing  all  necessary  officers,  inciucjing  tlie  active  manager  of  the  bank,  who 
is  designated  as  its  Governor. 

The  salary  of  the  members  of  this  board  is  312,000  per  annum  eacli,  which  salaries,  together  with  all 
other  expenses  of  operating  tlie  system,  are  assessed  against  the  Federal  Re.serve  banks. 

The  paid-in  capital  and  surplu^ol  the  Reserve  banks  (June  28,  1918),  was: 


DISTRICT   No. 

Capital. 

Surplus. 

District  No. 

Capital. 

Surplus. 

1  (Boston) 

36,474,000 
19,846,000 
0,939,000 
8,561,000 
3,824,000 
3,045,000 
9.789,000 

875,000 
649,000 

8  (St.  Louis) 

§3,607,000 
2,802,000 
3,532,000 
2,991,000 
4,448,000 

2  (New  York) 

9  (Minneapolis) 

$38,000 

3  (Philadelphia) 

10  (Kansas  City) 

4  (Cleveland) 

1 1  (Dallas) 

5  (Richmond) 

116,000 

40,000 

216.000 

12  (San  Francisco) 

Total 

6  f  Atlanta^ 

7  (Chicago) 

$75,858,000 

SI. 134,000 

UNITED  STATES  CERTIFICATES  OF  INDEBTEDNESS  ISSUED  BY  FEDERAL 
RE,SERVE  BANKS  IN   1917.      (.(I'W  OMITTED.) 


Date  of  Issijk. 


March  31 

April  25 

May  10 

May  25 , 

June  8 

Aug^ust  9 

August  28 

September  17. 
September  26 . 

October  18 

October  24 

November  30 . 


Total 3,843,501 


Rate 
of  Int. 


P.  C. 

2 
3 
3 

3K 

3'4 

3H 

3H 

3H 

4 

4 

4 

4 


Maturity 
Date. 


June  30, 
June  30, 
July  17, 
July  30, 
July  30, 
Nov.  15, 
Nov.  .30, 
Dec.  15, 
Dec.  15, 
Nov.  22, 
Dec.  15, 
June  25, 


1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1918 


Total 
Issue. 


350,000 
268,205 
200,000 
200,000 
200,000 
300,000 
250,000 
300,000 
400,000 
300,000 
685,296 
690,000 


Subscribed 

Fed.  Bank 

N.  Y. 


$25,000 
136,650 
98,512 
175,231 
116.000 
211.054 
188,837 
204,347 
212,100 
179,475 
543,683 
494,070 


2,578,959 


Allotted 
Fed.  Bank 

N.  Y. 


520,000 
135,650 
98,512 
125,300 
100,500 
175.000 
152.938 
204,347 
212,100 
179,475 
543,683 
494,070 


2,441,575 


The  first  named  was  iiol,  oliered  for  public  subscription,  but  taken  by  Fed.  ll&s.  Bank  of  N.  Y. 


EARNINGS  OF  THE  FEDERAL  RESERVE  BANKS  IN  1917. 

Loca- 

Gross 

Net 

Amt.  of 

.  Fully  paid 

Loca- 

Gross 

Net 

Amt.  of 

Fully  paid 

tion. 

Earn'H. 

Earn'8. 

Divid's. 

to- 

tion. 

Earn '8. 

Earn's. 

Divid's. 

to — 

Boston . . 

$1,198,009 

$912,294 

$.197,829 

Dee.     31,  1917 

St.  Louis 

736,774 

302,1.56 

284,566 

Dec.     31,  1916 

N.  Y.... 

4,848.291 

3,718,955 

1,941,641 

Deo.     31,  1917 

Minn.  .  . 

628,338 

418.137 

;ili:!,87G 

Dec.     31,  1917 

Phila.... 

1,015,958 

753,874 

622,150 

June    30,  1917 

Kan.  C. 

9.55,950 

684,499 

360  236 

June     30,  1917 

Clev 

1.297,244 

963,152 

715,615 

June     30,  1917 

Dallas. . . 

,569,430 

353,475 

187,744 

June    30.  1917 

Rich .... 

770,009 

512,223 

240,945 

Dec.     31.  1917 

San  Fran 

854,755 

547,044 

394,490 

Dec.     31,  1916 

Atlanta 

541,823 
2,022,278 

327,313 
1,509,871 

215,972 
860,057 

Dec.     31,  1917 
Dec.      31,  1917 

Chicago. 

Total. 

15,838,8,59 

11.202,993 

6,785,121 

Exclusive  of  $16,603,  representing  dividends  paid  on  surrendered  stock  and  miscellaneous  adjustments 
In  dividend  account. 


The  Morris  Plam 


48.«r 


BANKING    STATISTICS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES,  1863-1918. 


Year. 


Deposits 

in  National 

Banks. 


Deposits 

In  Savings 

Banks. 


Deposits 
in  State 
Banks. 


No.   of 

Nafl 

Banks. 


Paid  in 

Capital  of 

Nal".  Banks. 


1863 . 
1864. 
1865. 
ISGfi. 

1867 . 

1868 . 

1869 . 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1873 .  . 
1874. , 

1875 . 

1876 . 

1877 . 
1878. 
1879.. 

1880.  . 

1881.  . 

1882 .  . 
1883 . . 
1884.  . 
188-5 .  . 
1886.. 

1887 .  . 

1888 .  . 

1889 .  . 

1890 .  . 

1891 .  . 

1892.  . 
1893 . . 

1894 .  . 

1895 . 
1896. 
1897. 

1898.  . 

1899 . 
1900. 
1901 . 
1902. . 

1903 .  . 

1904 .  . 

1905 .  . 

1906 .  . 

1907 .  . 
1908. 
1909 . 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1916. 
1917. , 
1918. , 


$119 

398 

533 

539 

675 

574 

542 

602 

618 

641 

622 

686 

641 

636 

621 

648 

833 

1,031 

1,066 

1,043 

979 

1,106 

1.146 

1,285 

1,292 

1,442 

1.521 

1,535 

1,753 

1,556 

1,677 

1,736 

1.668 

1,770; 

2,023, 

2,522 

-  2,458 

2,941 

.  3,098 

3,200 

3,312 

3,783, 

4,055, 

4,322, 

4,374, 

4,898, 

5,287 

5,477 

5,825 

5,953 

6,268 

6,611 

8,143 

9,521 

10,437 


,414 
,357 
,338 
,599 
,842: 
,307 
,261. 
,110, 

,801 : 

,121 
,863, 
,478, 
,432 
,267 
,632, 
934 
701 
731. 
707 
137 
02O 
376 
246 
076 
342 
137 
,745 
058 
339, 
761, 
801 
022, 
,413 
,480 
357 
,157 
,092 
,837 
,875 
,993 
,439 
,658 
873 
880 
.551 
.576 
,216 
,991 
,461 
,461 
,692 
,281 
048 
,648 
433, 


239 
560 
174 
076 
070 
383 
563 
758 
619 
775 
154 
630 
886 
529 
160 
141 
034 
043 
249 
763 
350 
517 
911 
979 
471 
979 
665 
569 
680 
230 
201 
007 
508 
563 
160 
509 
758 
429 
722 
,509 
842 
494 
637 
141 
208 
C96 
312 
156 
,163 
.551 
,430 
,822 
,000 
,000 
000 


S206 

236 

242 

282 

337 

392 

457 

549 

650 

735. 

802 

864: 

924. 

941 

866, 

879, 

802, 

819. 

891 

966, 

1,024, 

1,073, 

1,095, 

1.141, 

1,235, 

1.364, 

1,444, 

1,550 

1,654, 

1,758 

1,808 

1,777 

1,844 

1.935 

1.983 

2,028 

2,182 

2,389 

2,518 

2,650 

2,815 

2,918 

3,093 

3,299 

3,495 

3.479 

3.713 

4,070 

4,212 

4,451 

4,726 

4,936 

4,997 

5,088 

5,418 

No 


,235,202 
280.401 
.619.382 
,455,794 
,009,452 
,781,813 
675,050 
,874,358 
,745.442 
,046.805 
,363,609 
,556,902 
,037,304 
,350,255 
218,306 
,897.425 
.490,298 
,106,973 
.961,142 
797.081 
856,787 
294,955 
172,147 
530,578 
247,371 
196,5.50 
391,325 
,023,956 
826,142 
,329,618 
,800,262 
.833,242 
.357,798 
466.468 
413.564 
208,409 
006,424 
719,954 
.599,536 
,104,486 
,483,106 
,775,329 
,077,357 
,544,601 
410,087 
192,891 
405,710 
486,247 
,583.599 
,555,688 
472,768 
591,849 
706.013 
587.295 
.022.275 
data 


No  data 


8110,754.034 

143.696.383 

165.871,439 

157,928,658 

226,654,538 

142,764,491 

166,958,229 

208,751,611 

261,362,303 

281.775.496 

334,995.702 

325,365.669 

344,307,916 

342,882,767 

447,995,653 

410,047,842 

507,084,481 

553,054,584 

560,637,012 

648,513,809 

706,865,643 

658,107,494 

712,410,423 

695,659,914 

723,640,795 

912,365,406 

1,164.020.972 

1.266.735.282 

1,610,502,246 

1,698,185,287 

1,814,570,163 

2,073,218,049 

2,305,209.630 

2,741,464,129 

3,068,649,860 

2,937,129,598 

2,466,958,666 

2,727,926,986 

2,777,566,836 

2,919,977,898 

3, OS  1,0 11,. 583 

3,226,793,217 

3,277,772,330 

4,300,710,294 

5,390,824,047 

No  data 


66 
467 
1,294 
1,634 
1,636 
1,640 
1,619 
1612 
1,723 
1,853 
1,963 
1,983 
2,076 
2,091 
2,078 
2,056 
2,048 
2,076 
2,115 
2,239 
2,417 
2,625 
2,689 
2,809 
3,014 
3,120 
3,239 
3,484 
3,652 
3.759 
3,807 
3,770 
3,715 
3,689 
3,610 
3,582 
3.683 
3,732 
4,165 
4,535 
4,939 
5,331 
5,668 
6,053 
6,429 
6,824 
6,926 
7,145 
7,277 
7,372 
7,473 
7,525 
7,605 
7,.579 
7,589 
7,688 


S7,1S8,393 
75,213,945 
326,834,558 
414,270,493 
418,558,148 
420,105,011 
422,659,260 
427,235,701 
460,330,841 
470,.543,301 
490,109,801 
491.003.711 
601,568.564 
600.393,796 
481,044,771 
470,393,366 
455,244,415 
455,909,563 
460,227,835 
477,184,390 
500,298,312 
522,616,996 
526,273,602 
539.109,292 
571,648,811 
588,384,018 
605,861,641 
642,073,676 
672,903,597 
684,678,203 
685,786,719 
671,091,165 
658,224,180 
651,144,855 
632,153,042 
622,016,745 
604,865,327 
621,536,461 
645,719,099 
701,990,554 
743,506,048 
767,378,148 
791,567,231 
826,129,785 
833,690,917 
919,100,850 
937,004,036 
989,667,114 
1,019,633,152 
1,033,570,676 
1,056,919,792 
1,058,192,335 
1,068,519,105 
1,066,049,000 
1,081,670,000 
1,096,932,000 


Total  number  ot  depositors  in  savings  banks:  (1820)  8,635;  (1830)  38.035;  (1840)  78,701;  (1850)  251,- 
354;  (1860)  693,870;  (1870)  1,630,846;  (1880)  2,335,582;  (1890)  4,258,893;  (ISOO)  6,107,083;  (1910)  9,142,908; 
(1916)   11,148,392;   (1917)   11,367,01^; 

THE    MORRIS    PLAN. 

The  Morris  Plan  of  industrial  loans  and  Investments — named  for  its  originator,  Arthur  J.  Morris — 
has  been  in  operation  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  since  March,  1910,  and  to-day  is  operated  in  104  cities  throughout 
the  country.  Loans  are  usually  made  in  the  amount  of  .550  or  multiples  thereof.  They  are  based  on 
character  and  earning  capacity,  and  are  secured  only  by  the  borrower's  note  indorsed  by  two  co-makers. 
If  a  loan  Is  granted  a  small  fee  is  charged  toward  the  cost  of  investigation,  and  the  note  is  discounted  at 
the  legal  rate  of  interest.  At  the  same  time  the  borrower  subscribes  for  one  or  more  of  the  lending  com- 
pany's certificates  of  investment  for  an  amount  equal  to  his  loan,  and  In  purchase  thereof  pays  51.00  a 
week  for  fifty  weeks  on  each  $50  borrowed.  At  the  end  of  the  year  he  can  cash  in  his  certificate,  and  with 
the  money  thus  obtained  redeem  his  note.  To  encourage  the  habit  of  saving,  Morris  Plan  companies  sell 
certificates  Of  investment,  either  for  cash  or  on  the  instalment  plan,  to  others  than  borrowers.  These 
certificates  begin  to  bear  interest  at  4  per  cent,  when  twenty-five  payments  have  been  made,  and  at  5  per 
cent,  when  they  are  full  paid.  Holders  of  interest-bearing  certificates  can  borrow  on  them,  without  indorse- 
ments or  other  securities,  an  amount  equal  to  the  total  payments  they  have  made  In  purchase  ot  the  certifi- 
cates. At  the  close  of  the  year  1918  over  $88,500,000  had  been  lent  to  about  600,000  borrowers  on  the  Morris 
Plan  In  sums  averaging  about  $135.  The  subscribed  capital  of  Morris  Plan  companies  exceeds  S12,450j- 
000.  The  largest  auxiliary  Institutions  are  The  Morris  Plan  Co.  of  New  York,  261  Broadway,  of  which 
Henry  R.  Towne  is  President,  and  The  Chicago  Morris  Plan  Bank,  each  capitalized  at  §1,000,000. 

These  companies  are  organized  throughout  the  United  States  by  the  Industrial  Finance  Corporation 
(52  William  Street,  New  York),  which  has  a  subscribed  capital  of  $3,700,000.  Officero— Clark  Williams. 
President;  Arthur  J.  Morris,  Vice-President:  Charles  H.  Sabin,  Treas\irer;  Joseph  B.  Gilder,  Secretary 

From  March  23,  1910,  to  September  30,  1918,  Morris  Plan  loans  throughout  the  country  numbered- 
645,500,  and  amounted  to  more  than  S79.000.000.     In  New  York  City  alone,  in  less  than  four  years,  ended 
Seotember  30,  the  number  was  84.286  and  the  amount  $11,773,779.     More  than  216,000  persons,  firms, 
and  corporations  of  small  means  are  borrowing  at  the  rate  of  836,000,000  annually  on  The  Morris  Z'lan. 


436 


Federation  of  American  Zionists. 


DEPOSITS    IN    LEADING    ENGLISH    BANKS. 


Banks. 


Barclay  &  Co 

Capital  &  Counties 

Lloyds 

London  County  &  West- 
minster  

London  City  &  Midland . 
London  &  South-Western. 


Jan.  1,  1917.  Jan.  1,  1918 


$521,433,433 
254,156,854 
735,649,972 

589,930,761 
848,656,723 
144,748,451 


$627,270,003 
285,021,766 
845,970,708 

651,422,232 

1,071,881,592 

187,907,754 


Banks. 


London  &  Provincial . 
London  Joint-Stoclc.  . 

National 

National  Provincial.  . 

Union  &  Smiths .'  '.'.'.. 
Williams  Deacons.  .  .  . 


Jan.  1,  1917.  Jan.  1,  1918. 


5148,292,912 
237,749,241 
84,666,686 
487,063.197 
295,004,245 
268,426,854 
118,677,802 


$174,774,722 
281,779,300 
103.679,940 
547,223.094 
333.548,220 
305,297,305 
138,235,973 


GOLD   HOLDINGS.   BIG    FOREIGN    BANKS. 

B:ii>l£  of  England  October  24,  1918 — £73,408,950  ($356,767,.54,'5),  a.s  against  £55,539,050  on  October 
24,  1917;  £66,063,466  on  October  24.  1916;  £38,131,544  on  July  30,  1914;  £39,234,660  on  July  30,  1913; 
and  £40,722.889  ou  July  30,  1912. 

Bank  of  France  October  24,  1918—5,441,871,000  francs  (Sl.050.281.103),  as  against  5,326,310,000 
francs  on  October  24.  1917;  4,921,981,000  francs  on  October  24.  1916;  4.791.657.000  francs  on  July  30, 
1914:  3,039,600,000  francs  on  July  30.  1913;  and  4,088,475,000  francs  on  July  30,  1912. 

Bank  of  Germany  October  15,  1918 — 2,549,283,000  marks  ($606,729,354),  as  against  2.403.460,000 
marks  on  October  15,  1917;  2,503,461,000  marlis  on  October  15.  1916;  1.722.758,000  marks  on  July  25, 
1914;  1,453,740,000  marks  on  July  25,  1913;  and  1,329,360.000  marks  on  July  25.  1912. 

The  Bank  of  Spain,  January  1,  1918,  had  in  its  vaults  1,966,815,762  gold  pesetas  and  assets  of  4,178,- 
576,832  pesetas,  with  notes  in  cli'culation  amounting  to  2.782,839,400  pesetas. 

TJie  National  Bank  of  Switzerland,  March  23,  1918,  liad  la  its  vaults  370,177,090  francs  (gold),  with 
assets  of  795.068,801  francs. 

The  Bank  of  Netherlands,  January  1,  1918.  had  on  hand  698.232,662  florins  (gold),  with  assets  of 
978.423,491  florins. 

The  Bank  of  Sweden,  Janu.iry  1,  1918,  had  in  its  vaults  244,457.273  kroners  (26.8  cents),  gold,  with 
assets  of  860,008.394  kroners. 

RESOURCES  OF  STATE,  SAVINGS  AND  PRIVATE  BANKS,  AND  LOAN 

AND  TRUST  COMPANIES. 

Tub  following-  data  cover  16.596  State  banks,  025  mutual  savings  banks.  1,194  stock  savings  banks, 
1,069  loan  aJid  trast  companies,  and  1,001  i^-lvate  banks:  as  of  June  29,  1918  reports  to  the  Government. 

State  Banks — Loans  and  discounts,  i, 773,519,023:  investments,  51,258,287,671:  banking  house, 
furniture,  etc.,  3177,445,064;  other  real  estate,  S46,461,133;  due  from  banks,  81,032,949,081;  checks  and 
other  cash  items,  $146,313,967;  cash  on  hand,  5278,628.305:  all  other  resources.  5102,134.028,  total  resources. 
S7,815,738,863.  Capital  paid  in.  5640,006,706;  surplus  fund,  $322,747,190;  individual  deposits,  S6.114,- 
198,977. 

Mutual  Savings  Banks — Loans  and  di.scoimts,  82,314,743,067;  investments,  52,173,821,705:  banking 
house,  etc.,  $41, 160. 918;  other  real  estate,  S24,3oJ,145:  due  from  banks,  $202,898,003:  checks,  etc..  S1.253.- 
422;  cash  oil  hand,  $24,132,875;  all  other  resources,  $36,217,224;  total  resources.  .54,818,560.359.  Surplus. 
$315,631,491;  indi\1dual  c'eposits.  $4,'.^2,096,393. 

Stock  Savings  Banks — Total  resources,  $1,183,189,667;  capital,  $68,984,602;  individual  deposits, 
51,049,483,555. 

Loan  and  Trust  Companies — Loans  and  discounts,  $4,403,808,598.20;  Investments,  52,115,622,568.15; 
banking  house,  etc.,  $167,203,019.68;  other  real  estate,  541,005,375.67;  due  from  banks,  5980,123,908.81; 
checks,  etc..  $116,157,233.40;  cash  on  liand,  $171,994,005.38;  other  resources,  $321,526,167.57;  total  re- 
sources, 58,317,441,476.86.  Capital,  5525,236,576;  surplus,  5543,046,856;  individual  deposits,  55.970,- 
906.454. 

Private  Banks — Total  resources,  $146,578,818;  capital,  5518.803,676;  Individual  deposits.  8193,419.377. 


SAVINGS    HANKS.    DEPOSITORS.    AND 

DEPOSITS 

IN   THE   UNITED    STATES. 

Year. 

Number  of 
Banks. 

Number  of 
Depositors. 

Dei)0sit8. 

Yeae. 

Number  of 
Banks. 

Number  of 
Depositors. 

Deposits. 

1650 

1860 

1870 

1880 

1890 

1900 

1930 

108 
278 
617 
629 
921 
1,002 
1,759 

251,354 
693,870 
1,630,846 
2,335,582 
4,258,893 
6,107,083 
9.142,908 

543,431,130 

149,277,504 

549,874,358 

819,106,973 

1,524,844,506 

2,449,547,885 

4,070,486,246 

1915 

1916 i 

1917 1 

1918 J 

2,159 
(0)622 

(6)1,242 
(a)  622 

(6)  1,185 
(a)  625 

(6)1.194 

11.285,755 
8  592,271 
2,556,121 
8,935,055 
2,431,958 
9,011,464 
2.368,089 

$4,997,706,013 
4.186.976.600 

901,610,693 
4,422,489,384 

995,532,890 
4,422,096,393 
1,049.483,555 

(a)  Mutual.     (6)  Stock  Savings. 

MUTUAL    SAVINGS   BANKS,    BY    STATES. 

The  figures  show,  in  order:     1,  the  number  of  banks;  2,  the  number  of  depositors;  3,  the  deposits. 

Maine,  45,  236,820,  $94,141,542.57;  New  Hampshire,  45.  207,082,  5104,911,261.60;  Vermont,  20, 
117,902,  558,868.453.17:  Massachusetts.  196.  2.591.162.  51.024,903.937.56;  Rhode  Island.  15.  161.320, 
$94,O-12,240.55;  Connecticut,  81,  715,000.  5363.180,747.45;  New  York.  141.  3,446,876,  $1,991,720,349.72; 
New  Jersey.  24,  323,202.  $138,111,759.64;  Pennsylvania,  10,  541,016.  $247,976,374.60;  Delaware,  2,  39,598, 
515,143,944.83;  Maryland,  19,  255,824,  8101,660,778.78;  West  Virginia,  1,  7,002,  51,817,801.53:  Ohio,  3, 
110,794,  $63,668,930.52;  Indiana,  5.  33,942,  $13,998,213.16;  Wisconsin,  7,  10,214,  52,737,375.16:  Minnesota. 
7,  109,856,  $30,209,571.34;  Washington,   1,   17.534,   57,486,068.52;  California,   1,  86,260,   568,021,042.45. 

STOCK    SAVINGS   BANKS,    BY   STATES. 

The  figuces  show  as  in  list  above. 

New  Hampshire,  11,  28,211.  $10,188,473.55;  New  Jersey.  1.  39.573.  $15,623,812.32;  Maryland,  29, 
36.135,  $16,730,186.73;  DLstrict  of  CoUunbia.  24.  138.620,  $21,122,183.55;  Georgia,  23,  48,000,  $11,874.- 
016.08;  Florida,  3,  6,525,  $1,398,609.70;  Mississippi,  11,  15.000.  $4,493,461.97:  Louisiana,  14,  100,000, 
$33,863,885.07;  Michigan.  4.  28,600,  86,634,694.58;  Minnesota,  2,  19,687,  $8,873,293.19;  Iowa,  923,  755,000, 
$326,264,551.96:  North  Dakota,  4,  11,405,  $3,017,223.24:  Nebraska,  19,  19,940,  54,357,983.48;  Kansas,  2, 
1,804,  5714,949.11;  Wyoming,  2.1,853.  $912,358.78:  Oregon,  2,  1.141,  $403,218.19;  California,  117,  1.109,138, 
5579,459,793.49;  Arizona,  3,  7.457.  .$3.550,871.48. 

FEDERATION    OF   AMERICAN    ZIONISTS. 

4-1  East  Twenty-third  Street,  New  York.  President — Dr.  Harry  Friedenwald,  Baltimore.  Md.  Chair- 
man Executive  Co7ninittee—'Lonis  Lipsky.  New  York.  Treasurer — Louis  Robison.  New  York.  ExectUtve 
Secretaru — Senior  Abel,  New  York.    Financial  Secretary — Max  Goldman.  New  York. 


Transadions  of  the  Nevj  Yorlz  Clearing  House. 


437 


raATiONAL    BANK    CAPITAL,   SURPLUS,   DIVIDENDS,   STC,   SSNCE    1679. 


i'lKlOD  OF 

Six  Months 

jCNDING 

March  1 


No.  of 
Banks. 


1879 

18S0 

1881 

1882 

1888 

3884 

38S.5 

]S8fi 

1887 

1888 

1S89 

Sept.  1 

1890 

:mahch  1 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

3897 , 

1898 

1890 

3900 , 

1901 ., 

IPi):; 

19iia 

190+ 

1905 

1906 

Jan.  1 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

July  1 

1912 

1913 

3934 

1915 

191G 

1917 

1918 


2,043 
2,046 
2,087. 
2,137 
2,267 
2,491 
2,6.50 
2,708 
2,855 
3,044 
3,147 

3,412 

3,542 
3,071 
3,7.59 
3,770 
3,729 
3,694 
3,648 
3,. 586 
3,.5flS 
3,587 
3.009 
4,232 
4,596 
5,024 
5,429 
5,787 

5,780 
6,407 
6,770 
6,925 
7,140 

7,307 
7,404 
7,453 
7,560 
7,579 
7,589 
7,688 


Capital. 


Dollars. 

464,413,996 

454.080,090 

456,844,865 

460,354,485 

483,091,342 

507,969,300 

622,899,715 

527,356,195 

548,355.770 

577,136,748 

593,153,850 

634,773,746 

652.586,585 
675,356,310 
686,874,375 
680,449,735 
663,971,565 
655,319,145 
644,673,395 
626,097,395 
015,.319,195 
604,756,505 
631,979,492 
080,173,259 
710,281,395 
7.57,416,659 
770,280,133 
777,017,473 

816,428,634 
886.631,425 
919.150,875 
950.216,335 
1,005,740,915 

3,031,383,425 
3,051,720,075 
1,063,978,175 
1.068,.577.080 
1,066,208,875 
1,081.670,000 
1,096,932.000 


Surplus. 


Dollars. 

116,744,135 

117,226,501 

122,481,788 

131,291,889 

137,570,105 

145,600,849 

148,771,121 

152,996,992 

163.731,900 

179,397,148 

192,507,500 

211,869,139 

219,430,741 
2.34,676,901 
245,714,438 
247,342,295 
248,5.52,149 
248,027,226 
250,030,256 
248,166,708 
248,251,704 
253,475,898 
265,470,793 
299,814,-593 
343,713,237 
382,605,619 
406,362,709 
420.675.516 

506,685,707 

538,858,424 

579,904,988 

015,595,92 

062,090,882 

704,346,706 
725,272,182 
714,117,131 
726,620,202 
731,820,365 
765,918.000 
816,801.000 


Total 
Dlvidtnds. 


Dollars. 
17,541,054 
18,121,273 
18,877,51" 
19,91.5,375 
20,285,103 
21,082,800 
20,437,650 
21,265,661 
22,148,587 
23,088,607 
23,293,473 

24,909,117 

25,768,776 
25,546,854,- 
26,474,210 
23,231,360 
24,150,634 
23,732,644 
21,422.515 
22,843,928 
23,487,081 
24,228,f'36 
26,414,956 
39,517,020 
31,441,748 
41,516,024 
36,923,456 
44,610,844 

51,281,258 
43,883,153 
47,086,082 
53,689,980 
62,355,256 

120,300,872 
119,906,051 
121,147,096 
113,639.415 
114,724,-595 
125,538,000 
129,778,000 


Eaniiijy 


Divi. 

to 
Capt'i. 


Dollars. 
14,078, 
21,152, 
24,452, 
27,083, 
26,432, 
27,994, 
21,001. 
27,252 
31,098 
32,601 
35,109, 


660 
784 
021 
699 
,934 
,764 
,202 
,067 
,796 
,2"95 
889 


Per  CI. 
3.78 
3.99 

4.13 


36,807,024 

40,145,974 
34,363,090 
36,091.708 
19,762,826 
23,367,885 
25,008,123 
23,938,732 
25,233,450 
24,515,918 
40,151,038 
40,454,375 
57,797,747 
53,9,59,990 
60,553,595 
52,813,322 
60,560,466 

75,371,556 
65,088,793 
65,100,767 
73,682,950 
84,486,933 

149,056,603 
160,980,084 
149,270,170 
127,052.973 
157,543,547 
194,321,000 
212,332,000 


4.00 
3.93 

3.92 

3,95 
3.78 

3. 
3. 
3, 
3 
3 
3 


Dlvl. 
to  cap 

and 
.Surpl's 

Per  at 
3.02 
3.17 
3.26 
3.37 
3.27 
3.23 
3.04 
3.13 
3.11 
3.05 
2.96 

2.94 

2.96 
2.81 


40 
64 
62 
32 
65 
82 
4.01 
4.18 


6.28 
4 ,  95 
5.12 
5.65 
6.20 

11.66 
9.00 
11.39 
10.63 
10.76 
11.61 
11.81 


84 
2.50 
2.65 
2.63 
2.39 
2.61 
2.72 
2.82 
2.94 
4.03 
2.98 
3.64 
3.14 
3.73 


6.93 
6.75 
6.81 
6.33 
6.38 
6.79 
6.78 


Earn 
to  cap. 

nd 
Surpl's 

Per  Ct. 
2.53 
3.70 
4.22 
4.56 
4.25 
4.29 
3.20 
4  00 
4.45 
4.31 
4.47 

4.35 

4.60 
3.78 
3.87 
2.10 
2.57 
2.78 
2.68 
2.89 
2 .  84 
4.68 
4.52 
5.90 
5.12 
5.31 
4.49 
5.06 

5.70 
4.. 57 
4.34 
4.71 
5.07 

8.59 

11.40 

8.39 

7.08 

8.76 

10.52 

11.09 


NATIONAL   BANK    RESOURCES.   AUGUST   31.    1918. 

According  to  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  the  resource.s  of  the  national  banks  of  the  United  States 
August  31,  1918,  wore  518,043.605,000,  a.s  against  516,144,403,000  on  May  1,  1917;  loans  Biid  discounts, 
89.493.000,000;  total  deposits,  813,885.000,000,  a  reduction  of  8135,000,000  since  June  29,  1918,  but  an 
increase  of  8651,000,000  over  September  11.  1917;  bills  payable  and  re-discounta,  81,294,000.000;  holfiings 
of  United  States  bonds  and  certillcates  of  indebtedness,  32,455.000,000;  cash  on  hand  and  due  from  Federal 
Reserve  banks,  51,671,000,000.  The  cash  which  the  n.ational  banks  had  on  hand  and  with  Federal  Reserve 
banks  on  August  31,  1918,  plus  their  holdings  of  United  States  bonds  and  certificates  of  Indebtedness, 
amounted  to  54,127,309.000.  This  amount,  after  dediicting  the  United  States  bonds  held  as  a  basis  for 
circulation,  is  nearly  25  per  cent,  of  the  total  deposits  of  all  the  national  banks,  but  allowance  should  be 
made  for  that  portion  of  the  bonds  and  certificates  of  indebtedness  pledged  against  bills  payable  and  re- 
dlsco\mts.  

TRANSACTEONS    OP    THE    NEW    YORK    CLEARING    HOUSE. 

(Prepared  for  the  Almanac  by  Manager  W.  J.  Gil)>iu.) 


Septrmbbr  30 


1902 . . . 

1903... 

1904... 

1905.., 

1906... 

1907... 

1908... 

1909... 

1910... 

1911... 

1912.., 

1913.. 

1914.. 

1915.., 

1916... 

1917.. 

3918.. 


No.   of 
M  em- 
bers. 


60 
57 
54 
54 
55 
54 
50 
51 
50 
67 
65 
64 
62 
62 
63 
62 
59 


Capital. 


SlOO, 
113, 
11.5, 
11.5 
118, 
129, 
126, 
127, 
132, 
170, 
174, 
179, 
175. 
178, 
185, 
200, 
20; 


672,700 
072,700 
,972,700 
972,700 
150,000 
400,000 
350,000 
350,000 
350,000 
275,000 
275,000 
900.000 
300,000 
550,000 
550,000 
.750,000 
,650,000 


Clearings. 


874,753 

70,833, 

59,672 

91,879 

103,7.54 

95.315 

73,6.30, 

99,2.57, 

102.553 

92,420 

96,672, 

98,121, 

89,760, 

90.842, 

147,180, 

181,534 

174,524, 


,189,435 
,655,940 
,796,804 
,318,369 
,100,091 
421,238 
971,933 
662,411 
959,069 
120,091 
300,863 
520,297 
344,971 
707,724 
709,461 
033,388 
179,029 


Balances 


S3.377, 
r-,315, 
3,105, 
3,053, 
3,832, 
3,813, 
3,409, 
4,194, 
4,195, 
4,388, 
5,051, 
5,144, 
5,128, 
5,.340, 
8,561, 
12.147 
37,255 


504,072 
516.487 
858,576 
875,975 
621,023 
926.108 
632;271 
484.028 
293,966 
563,113 
262,291 
130,384 
647,302 
846,740 
624.447 
,791.433 
062,671 


Average 

Daily 
Clearings. 


S245 
233 
195 
302 
342 
313 
241 
320 
338 
305 
319 
323 
296 
299 
484, 
601 
575, 


898.649 
;005,447 
.648.514 
234,600 
422,772 
357,569 
413,022 
;505,408 
,461,911 
,016,897 
,050,497 
,833,400 
,238,702 
810,917 
147,071 
106,064 
987,390 


Average  Daily 
Balances. 


511,110,210 
10.906,304 
10,183,143 
13,006,171 
12,648,914 
12,545,809 
11,179,122 
13,797.644 
13,845,854 
14.483,706 
16.670.832 
16,977,328 
16,926,229 
17,626,.557 
28,103,238 
40,224,475 
66,947,402 


Balances 

to 
Clearings. 


4.51 
4.68 
5.20 
4.33 
3.69 
4.00 
4.63 
4.22 


09 

74 
22 
24 
71 
87 
82 


6.69 
9.88 


438 


New  York  Bank  Clearings  Since  1854' 


NEW    YORK    CLEARING    HOUSE    ASSOCIATION. 

The  Association  la  now  composed  of  28  nailonal  banks,  13  State  banks,  and  15  trust  companies.  The 
Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  New  York,  and  the  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  New  York,  also 
make  their  exchanges  at  the  Clearing  House.  The  Clearing  House  Collection  Department  also  exchanges 
at  the  Clearing  House,  making  59  clearing  iustitutions.  There  are  19  banks  and  trust  companies  in  the 
city  and  vieiuity,  not  members  of  the  Association,  which  make  their  exchanges  through  banks  that  are 
meni!)ers.  In  ae<;ordance  with  constitutional  provisions. 

President — Gates  W.  McGarrah,  President  Mechanics  &  Metals  National  Bank.  Secretary — Theodore 
Hetiler,  President  Fifth  Avenue  Bank.  Manager — William  J.  Gilpin.  Assistant  Manager — Clarence  E. 
Bacon.  Department  of  Inspection  and  Examination — Charles  A.  Hanna,  Examiner.  Conference  Committee 
— Kichard  Delafleld,  President  National  Park  Bank;  Charles  A.  Boody,  President  Peoples  Trust  Company; 
Walter  H.  Bennett,  Vice-President  American  Exchange  National  Bank;  Harvey  D.  Gibson,  President 
Liberty  NattonaJ  Bank;  Charles  Elliot  Warren,  President  Lincoln  National  Bank.  Nominating  Committee 
— Willard  V.  King,  President  Columbia  Trust  Company;  Herbert  K.  Twitchell,  President  Chemical  National 
Ban;;;  John  McHugh,  Vice-President  Mechanics  ft,  Metals  National  Bank;  Herbert  P.  Howell,  Vice-President 
Natioaal  Bank  of  Commerce;  Henry  Olljsheimer,  President  Metropolitan  Bank.  Committee  on  Admissions 
— John  W.  Flatten,  President  United  States  Mortgage  &  Trust  Co.;  Walter  M.  Bennet,  Vice-President 
Bank  of  America;  Henry  H.  Powell,  President  Importers  &  Traders  National  Bank;  Edward  E.  Watts, 
Pre-iiilent  Fifth  :Satlonal  Bank;  G.  Foster  Smith,  President  Nassau  National  Bank.  Arbitration  Com- 
mittee— Ruel  W.  Poor,  President  GarHeld  National  Bank;  John  T.  Sproull,  President  Coal  &  Iron  National 
Banl<:  Edwin  P.  Maynard,  President  Brooklyn  Tru.st  Company;  I'heodore  E.  Burton,  President  Merchants 
National  Bank;  Louis  G.  Kaufman,  President  Chatham  &  Phoenix  National  Bank. 


NEW    YORK    CLEAf?!NC    HOUSE    TRANSACTIONS. 

(For  Y'ear  Ending  September  30,  1918.) 


Exchanges. 
Balances.  . 


Total  trail -.'Hi  ions 

The  av'age  daily  traasact'ns: 

Exchanges 

Balances 


Total 

Total  transactions  since  or- 

Kanization      of      Clearing 

House  (05  years): 

Exciianges 

Balances 


Total 


8174,524,179,028.72 
17,255,062,671.27 


5191,779,241,699.99 

S.575,987,389..53 
56,947,401.55 


$032,934,791.08 


83,103,115,008,654.89 
161,102,405,549.29 


S3,264,218,134,204.1S 


Largest  exchanges  on  any  one  day 

during  the  year  (July  2,  1918).. . 
Largest  balances  on  any  one  day 

during  the  year  (Nov.  21,  1917) . , 
Largest  transact'ns  on  any  one  day 

during  tlie  year  (July  2,  1918) . . . 
Smallest  exchanges  on  any  one  day 

during  the  year  (Jan.  28,  1918) . . 
Smallest  balances  on  any  one  day 

during  the  year  (Jan.  28,  1918) . . 
Smallest  transact'ns  on  any  one  day 

during  the  year  (Jan.  28.  1918) . . 


8928,176,124.98 
143,091,142.68 

1,016,850,789.04 

329,824,441.92 

28,374,886.35 

358,199,328,27 


Largest  daily  transactions  on  record,  February  6,  1917:  Exchanges.  81,218,586,762.17;  balances 
847,171,287.45;  total,  51,265,758,049.02. 

Largest  balances.  November  21,  1917,  8143,091,142.68.  Transactions  of  the  United  States  Assistant 
Treasurer  at  New  Yoi-k:  Debit  exchanges,  81,602,603,711.00;  credit  exchanges,  81,031,520,035.35;  debit 
balances,  8601,954,238.12;  credit  balances,  890,870,502.47;  excess  of  debit  balances,  8571,083,075.65. 


NEW    YORK    BANK    CL 

.EARINCS 

SINCE    1854. 

No.  Of 
Miem- 

Clearings 

Average 

No.  of 

Clearings 

Aver.age 

*Vr. 

for 

Daily 

*Yr. 

Mem- 

for 

Daily 

bers. 

Year. 

Clearings. 

bers. 

Year. 

Clearings. 

1854 

50 

••"55,750,455,987.06 

S19,104,.504.94 

1888 

64 

830.803,086,609.21 

8101,192,415.11 

lS5i. 

48 

5,362,912,098.38 

17,412,052.27 

1889 

64 

34,796,465,528.87 

114,839,820  23 

1850 

50 

6,906,213,328.47 

22,278,107.51 

1890 

65 

37,660,080,571.76 

123,074,139.12 

18oV 

50 

8,333.220,718.06 

20.908,371.26 

1891 

64 

34,053,098,770.04 

111,651,471.39 

1858 

46 

4.756,064,386.09 

15,393,735.88 

1892 

65 

36,279,905,235.59 

118,661,781.82 

1859 

47 

6,448,005,950.01 

20,867,333.19 

1893 

65 

34,421,380,869.50 

113.978,082.31 

1860 

60 

7,231  143,056.69 

23,401,757.47 

1894 

66 

24,230,145,367.70 

79,704,425.55 

1861 

50 

5.915,742,758.05 

19.269,520.38 

1895 

67 

28,264,379,126.23 

92,670,095.49 

1862 

50 

6.871,443,591.20 

22,237,681.53 

iS96 

66 

29,350,894,883.87 

90,232,442.24 

1863 

50 

14,867,597,848.60 

48,428,657.49 

1897 

66 

31,337,760,947.98 

103,424,953.02- 

1804 

49 

24,097,196,055.92 

77,984,455.20 

1898 

65 

39,853,413,947.74 

131,529,418.07 

1865 

55    . 

x!6,032,384,341.89 

84,796,040.20 

1899 

64 

57,388,230,771.33 

189  901,029.04 

1866 

58 

'.>-8,717.146,914.09 

93,541,195.16 

190!) 

64 

51,904,588,564.31 

170,930,140.01 

1867 

68 

28,675  159,472.20 

93,101,167.11 

1901 

62 

77,020,672,493.65 

254,193,038.59 

1868 

59 

28,484,288,636.92 

92,182,163.87 

1902 

60 

74,7.53,189.436.86 

245,898,049.46 

1809 

59 

37,407,028,980.65 

121,451,392.81 

1903 

57 

70,833,055,940.29 

233,005.447.17 

1870 

61 

27,804,539,405.75 

90,274,478.59 

19(14 

54 

59,072.790,804.41 

195.648.514.11 

1871 

62 

29,300,986,082.21 

95,133,073.64 

1905 

54 

91,879,318,369.00 

302,234,599.89 

1872 

61 

33,844,309,568.39 

109,884,316.78 

1900 

55 

103,754,100,091.25 

342.422.772.57 

18/3 

69 

35,461,052,825.70 

115,885,793.58 

1907 

54 

95,315,421,237.90 

313,537,569.86 

18V4 

59 

22.855,927,030.26 

74,092,573.97 

1908 

50 

73,030,971,913.18 

241,413.022.66 

1875 

69 

26,061,237,902.09 

81,899,470.26 

1909 

51 

99,257,002,411.03 

326,505,408.45 

1876 

59 

21.697,274,247.04 

70.349,427.51 

1910 

50 

102.553,959,009.28 

338,401,911.11 

1877 

68 

23,289,243,701.09 

76,368,176.06 

1911 

67 

92,420,120,091.07 

305.010,897.99 

1878 

57 

22,508,438,441.75 

73,785,746.54 

1912 

65 

90,072,300,863.67 

319,050,497.89 

1879 

59 

25,178,770.690.50 

82,015,539.70 

1913 

64 

98,121, .520,297. 15 

323.833,400.32 

1880 

69 

37,182.128,621.09 

121,510.224.25 

1914 

62 

89,760,344,971.31 

290,238,702.28 

1881 

61 

48.605.818,212.31 

159,232,190.86 

1915 

63 

90,842,707,723.90 

299,810,916.58 

1882 

62 

46.552.846,161.34 

151,637,935.38 

1910 

63 

147.180.709.461.18 

484,147,070.60 

1883 

64 

40,293.165,257.65 

132,543,306.76 

1917 

62 

181.534,031,387.84 

601,106,004.20 

1884 
1885 

62 

64 

34.092.037.337.78 
25,250,791.439.90 
33,374,682,216.48 

111,048,981.55 

82,789,480.38 

109,067,588.94 

1918 

59 

174,524,179,028.72 

575,987.389.53 

1880 

64 

TO 

tals. . . . 

83,103,115,668,054.89 

a  8156,328,245.27 

18SV 

65 

34.872.848,785.90 

114,337,209.13 

Flscil  years  endmg  September  30     a  Average  daily  clearing. 


Balances  Since  IS 60. 


439 


BALANCES 

SINCE 

1860. 

Bal.  to 

Bal.  to 

Balances 

Average 

Clrgs. 

Balances 

Average 

Orgs. 

YEAR. 

for 
Year. 

Daily 
Balances. 

Year. 

for 
Year. 

Dally 
Balances. 

P.  C. 

P.  C. 

1860... 

8380,693,438.37 

81,232,017.60 

5.26 

1890... 

81,753,040,145.23 

85,728,889.36 

4.65 

1S61... 

353,383,944.41 

1,151,087.77 

5.97 

1891... 

i, 584,635.499.88 

5,195,526.21 

4.65 

1862... 

4)5,530.331.46 

1.344,758.35 

6.04 

1892... 

1,861,500,574.56 

^      0.083,335.18 

5.13 

1863... 

677,626,482.61 

2,207,252.39 

4.35 

1893... 

), 696,207,175.62 

*      5,616,580.06 

4.92 

1864... 

885,719,204.93 

2,866,405.19 

3.67 

1894... 

1,585,241,633.52 

5,214,610.63 

6.54 

1865... 

1,035,765,107.68 

3,373,827.71 

3.97 

1895... 

1,896,574,349.11 

6,218,276.55 

6.71 

1866... 

1,066,135,106.35 

3,472,752.79 

3.71 

1896... 

1,843.289,238.66 

6,043,571.27 

6.28 

1867... 

1,144,963,451.15 

3,717,413.80 

3.99 

1897... 

1,908,901,897.67 

6,300,006.26 

6.01 

1868... 

1,125,4.55,236.68 

3,642,249.95 

3.95 

1898... 

2,338,529,016.43 

7,717,917.54 

5.87 

1869... 

1,120,318,307.87 

3,637,397.10 

2.99 

1899... 

3,085,971,370.53 

10,218.448.24 

5.37 

1870... 

1,036,484,821.79 

3,365,210.46 

3.72 

1900... 

2,730,441,810.27 

8,981,716.48 

5.25 

1871... 

1,209,721,029.47 

3,927,665.68 

4.12 

1901... 

3,515.037,741.05 

11,600.784.62 

4.56 

1872... 

1,428,582,707.53 

4,638,255.54 

4.22 

1902... 

3,377,504,072.11 

11,110,210.76 

4.51 

1873... 

1,474,508,024.95 

4,818,653.67 

4.15 

1903 . . . 

3,315,516,487.48 

10,906,304.23 

4.68 

1874... 

1,286,753,176.12 

4,205,075.73 

5.62 

1904. . . 

3,105,858,575.60 

10.163,142.87 

5.20 

1875... 

1,408,608,776.68 

4,603,296.65 

5.62 

1905... 

3,953,875,974.80 

13,rtO6.170.97 

4.33 

1876... 

1,295.042,028.82 

4,218,377.94 

5.99 

1906... 

3,832.621,023.87 

12,048,914.27 

3.69 

1877... 

1,373,996,301.68 

4,504,905.90 

5.89 

1907... 

3,813,926,108.35 

12,,-)45,809.56 

4.00 

1878... 

1,.307,843,857.24 

4,273,999.53 

5.81 

1908... 

3,409,632,271.41 

11,179,122.30 

4.63 

1879... 

1,400,111.062.86 

4,560,622.35 

5.66 

1909... 

4,194,484,028.37 

13,797,644.83 

4.22 

1880... 

1.516,538,631.29 

4,956,008.60 

4.07 

1910... 

4,195,293,966.90 

13,845,854.67 

4.09 

1881... 

1,776,018.161.58 

5,823,010.36 

3.66 

1911... 

4,388,563,113.05 

14,483,706.64 

4.74 

18S2... 

1,595,000,245.27 

5,195,440.54 

3.42 

1912... 

5,051,262,291.57 

16,670,832.64 

5.22 

1883... 

1,568,983,196.15 

5,161,128.93 

3.89 

19)3... 

.5,144,130,384.69 

16,977,328.00 

5.24 

1SS4... 

1,524,930,993.93 

4.967,201.93 

4.47 

1914... 

5.128.647,302.16 

16,926,228.72 

5.71 

18S5... 

1,295,355,251.89 

4,247,069.39 

5.12 

1915... 

5.340,846,740.16 

17,626,556.89 

5.87 

1886... 

1,519,565,385.22 

4,965,899.95 

4.55 

1916... 

8.561,624,447.46 

28,163,238.31 

5.82 

1887... 

1,509,626,324.77 

5.146,315.82 

4.49 

1917... 

12.147.791,432.60 

40,224,474.94 

0.69 

1888... 

1,570,198,527.78 

5,148,191.89 

5.08 

1918... 

17,255,062,671.27 

56,947.401.55 

9.88 

1889... 

1,757,637,473.47 

5,800,783.74 

5.05 

BANK   CLEARINGS    IN    AMERICAN    CITIES,    1914-1918. 
(Data  compiled  b.y  the  Commercial  and  Financial  Chronicle.) 
Note — Tlie  amounts  are  in  iJilllons,  with  ,000,000  omitted. 


1914. 
July 

August  .... 

September  . 
October  . . . 
November.. 
December  . 

1915. 
.January. . .. 
February. . . 
March  .... 

Aprl) 

Alay 

June 

July 

August 

September. . 

October. . .. 

'.November. . 

December  . 

1016. 
January. . . . 
February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June. 

July 

August 


Clearings 

Outside 

New  York. 


S6,313 
5.351 
5,400 
6,126 
5,681 
6,114 

6,196 
5,439 
6.283 
6,201 
5,992 
6,097 
6,234 
5,733 
6.139 
7.413 
7.556 
7.979 

7.808 

7.186 

8,196 

7,756 

8.159 

8,100 

7,929- 

7.985 


New 

Yorl; 

Clearings. 


S8,180 
4,681 
4,628 
6,610 
5,400 
6,530 

7,287 

6,482 

7,565 

8,812 

8,635 

8,025 

8,695 

8,537 

9,625 

12,739 

11,829 

12,332 

12,327 
11,107 
12,578 
11,623 
12,561 
12,554 
11,439 
11,767 


Total. 


814,493 
9.932 
10,028 
11,730 
11,081 
12,644 

13,483 
11,912 
13,848 
15,013 
14,627 
14,122 
14,929 
14,270 
15,764 
20,152 
19,385 
20.311 

20.135 
18,293 
20,774 
19,379 
20,720 
20,654 
19.368 
19,752 


1916. 
September . . 
October. . . . 
November. . 
December. . 

1917. 
January. . . . 
February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August.  .  .  . 
September.  . 

October 

November. . 
December. . 

1918. 

January 

February . . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July ■ 

August .... 
September . 


Clearings 

Outside 

New  York, 


S8 

9, 

10, 

10, 

10, 
8, 
10, 
10, 
10, 
10. 
10, 
10, 
10, 
12, 
12, 
11, 

11, 
9, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
12, 
13, 
13. 
12, 


,406 
,901 
,051 

,259 

489 
836 
566 
363 
736 
635 
,479 
,414 
145 
535 
,392 
917 

,820 
,998 
,245 
391 
,710 
,457 
,244 
,198 
,709 


New 

Yorlj 

Clearings. 


814,356 
1.5,712 
16.654 
16,936 

15,127 
12.794 
14.229 
14,653 
15,  .584 
16,099 
15,185 
14,679 
13,884 
15,723 
14,834 
14,814 

14,719 
12,259 
13,840 
14,094 
15,560 
14.858 
15,401 
14,958 
13,664 


Total. 


822,762 
25,613 
26,705 
27,195 

•  25,616 
21,630 
24,795 
25,016 
26,320 
26,734 
25,666 
25,096 
24,030 
28,259 
27,226 
26,531 

26,539 
22,257 
26,085 
26,485 
28,269 
27,342 
28,645 
28,156 
26,373 


MONTHLY     CLEARINGS. 


Month. 


January 

February..., , 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September.  .  . 

9  months 


Clearings,  Total  All. 


1918. 


S26,538, 
22,257 
26,084, 
20,485, 
28,269 
27,341 
28,644, 
28,156 
20,372 


574,018 
358,866 
799,579 
086,036 
,235,579 
,671,217 
,789,823 
,158.940 
,958,296 


1917. 


825,640,505, 
21,629,473, 
24,792,414, 
25,012,249, 
26,316,501, 
26,734,347, 
25.664,326, 
25,093,230, 
24,029,336, 


506 
389 
566 
100 
501 
702 
634 
233 
466 


.5240,123,632,343  8224,912,394,056 


P.  C. 


3.6 
2.8 
4.2 
5.9 
7.4 
2.2 
+  11.6 
4-12.2 
9.7 


+   6.8 


Clearings  Outside  New  York. 


1918. 


311,819 
9,998 
12,244 
12,391 
12,709 
12,457 
13,243 
13,197 
12,709 


,506,488 
,002,811 
,518,198 
,579,089 
,535,909 
,026,697 
582,672 
733,316 
,081,177 


S110,770,.';65,357 


1917. 


810,513,139,790 
8,835,386,145 
10,563,287,306 
10,360.027,203 
10,733i063.568 
10,635,269,436 
10,470,033,048 
10  413,908,705 
10,145,435.510 


892,678,565,357 


P.  C. 


+  12.6 
+  13.2 
+  15.9 
+  19.6 
+  18.4 
+  17.2 
+  26.4 
+  26.7 
+  25.2 


+  19.5 


440       Condition  of  Members,  N.  Y.  Clearing  House  Association. 


CONDITION    OF    MEMBERS,  N.  Y.    CLEARING    HOUSE    ASSOCIATION. 

(For  the  week  enclint;  November  2,  1918.) 


Clearing  Hodse  Members. 


MEMBERS   OP   » 
FEDERAL   BESEBVB    BANK. 

Bank  of  New  York,  N.  B.  A. 
Bank  of  the  Manhattan  Co. . 
Merchants'  NatioTial  Bank.  . 
Mech.  &  Metals  Nat.  Bank . . 

Bank  of  America 

National  City  Bank 

Chemical  National  Banlc 

Atlantic  National  Bank 

Nat.  Butchers  &  Drovers  Bnk . 
American  Exch.  Nat.  Bank.  .  . 
National  Bank  of  Commerce. . 

Pacific  Bank 

Chatli.'im  &  Phenix  Nat.  Bank. 

Hanov.er  National  Bank 

atv/.pn^'  National  Bank. 

Metropolitan  Bank 

Corn  Exchange  Bank 

.Importers  &  Traders  Nat.  Bnk 

NutioTial  Park  Bank 

East  River  National  Bank 

Second  National  Hank 

First  National  Bank 

Irvine  National  Bank 

N.  C.  Countj'  Nat.  Bank. . . 

Continental  Ban); 

Chase  Natlona.1  Bank 

Fifth  Avenue  Bank 

Commercial  Exciumge  Bank. . 

Commonwealth  Oank 

IJncoln  National  Bank 

Garfleld  National  Bank 

Fifth  National  Bank 

Seahoard  National  Bank 

J>ibertj'  National  Hank 

Coal  and  Iron  National  Bank. . 
Union  Exch.  National  Bank. . . 

Brooklyn  Trust  Co 

Bankers  Tru.st  Co 

U.  S.  Mortgage  &  Trust  Co 

Guaranty  Trust  Co 

Fidelity  Trust  Co 

Columbia  Trust  Co 

Peoples  Trust  Co. 

New  York  Trust  Co 

Franklin  Trust  Co 

Lincoln  Trust  Co 

Metiopolitan  Trust  Co 

Nassau  Nat'I  Banlt,  Brooklyn . 

Irvini?  Trust  Co 

Farmers  Loan  &  Trust  Co ...  . 

STATE  BANKS  NOT  MEMBERS  OF 
FF.DEBAL   RESERVE    BANK. 

Greenwich  Bank 

Bowery  Bank 

N.  Y.  Produce  Exch.  Bank . . . 
Stats  Bank 

TRUST  COMPANIKH  NOT  MEMB'S 
OF  FEDERAL  RESER\'TB   BANK. 

Title  Guarantee  <!■;  Trust  Co .  . 
Lawyers  Title  &  Trust  Co. . . . 


♦Capital. 


tot.MjS: 
Members  Federal  Kes.  Bank 
State  Banks,  no;,  members  of 

Federal  Resene  Bank 

Trust   Companicc,   not   mem- 
i    bers  of  Federal  Res.  Bank . . 

Aggregate,  56  Members 

Comparisons. 


Dollars. 

2,000,000 
2,500,000 
2,000.000 
6,000,000 
1,500,000 
25,000,000 
3,000,000 
1,000.000 

300,000 

5,000.000 

25,000.000 

500,000 
3,500,000 
3,000,000 
2,550,000 
2,000,000 
3,500.000 
1,500,000 
6,000,000 

250.000 
1.000,000 
10.000,000 
4,.500,0"10 
1,000,000 
1,000.000 
10,000,000 

200,000 

200,000 

400,000 
1,000.000 
1,000.000 

250,000 
1,000,000 
3,000.000 
1,000,000 
1.000,000 
1.500,000 
11.250.000 
2.000,000 
25.000.000 
1.000,000 
5,000,000 
1,000,000 
3.000,000 
1,000.000 
1.000,000 
2,000.000 
1,000,000 
1.500,000 
5,000,000 


500.000 

250,000 

1.000,000 

2,000,000 


5,000,000 
4.000.000 


192,900,000 
3,750,000 
9,000,000 


.*Net 
Profits. 


Dollars. 

5,374,800 

7.227.700 

2.743,500 

11,026,500 

6.762.800 

t52,572,400 

9,557,600 

905.100 

103,100 

5,991,400 

23,745,300 

1,086,700 

3,033,500 

17,479,400 

3,034,900 

2.276,900 

8,274,500 

7,843,600 

17,923.800 

79.500 

4.011.100 

•SI,  180,000 

5,828,200 

361,900 

637,400 

14,591,000 

2,275,300 

880,400 

840,300 

2,000,600 

1,389,000 

406.800 

3,724,800 

4,281,700 

974.700 

1.292,200 

2.368,200 

15,822,600 

4,592.400 

27,084.600 

1,291,800 

6,895.400 

1,335,900 

10.665,300 

1,145,900 

590.600 

4.402.300 

1,174,800 

1,060,900 

11,430,800 


1,474,500 
819,.300 

1,152,200 
495,200 

11.871,000 
5.199.600 


3.51,594,900 

3,941,200 

17,070,600 


205,6.50.000  372.606,700 


Lo.ans,  Di.sc't 

Inv'ts,  etc.. 

Average. 


Dollars. 

52.065.000 

63.850.000 

30.400.000 

163,696.000 

31.935,000 

560,273.000 

88.721,000 

17,630,000 

3,012,000 

118,317.000 

421.646.000 

15,865.000 

100,268,000 

138,021,000 

51,4.52,000 

30,170.000 

104.887,000 

39.937,000 

189,518,000 

3,081.000 

20.884,000 

313,779,000 

110,153,000 

11,876,000 

6,033.000 

321,636,000 

19,002,000 

5,616.000 

7,166,000 

15,962.000 

13,108,000 

7,617,000 

51,519,000 

75.763,000 

14,576.000 

15,026.000 

38.853,000 

263,659,000 

70,168.000 

474,147,000 

11,785.000 

86,798,000 

27,637,000 

100,103,000 

26,725,000 

19,456.000 

54,523.000 

17,027,000 

48,333.000 

134,040,000 


16,548,000 

4.834.000 

22,291.000 

34,030.000 


39,682.000 
24.245,000 


4.007,723.000 
77,703,000 
63.927.000 


4,749.353,000 
126,734.000 


Gold, 
Average. 


Dollars. 

24,000 

297.000 

76,000 

8,341,000 

276,000 

8,206.000 

154,000 

87,000 

12.000 

589.000 

182.000 

38,000 

469,000 

4,137.000 

112,000 

541,000 

931.000 

70,000 

36.000 

2.000 

79.000 

9.000 

1,018.000 

58.000 

29,000 

2,601,000 

53.000 

53,000 

40.000 

123,000 

2,000 

47,000 

339.000 

159,000 

6.000 

12.000 

71,000 

129.000 

55.000 

1,776,000 

90,000 

23,000 

49,000 

54,000 

77.000 

18.000 

69,000 


Net  Demand 
Deposits, 
Average. 


97,000 
3,747,000 


603.000 

279.000 

609,000 

1,505,000 


97,000 
454,000 


35,463.000 

2,996,000 

551.000 


39.010,000 
§36,000 


Dollars. 

32.914.000 

48,612,000 

21,780,000 

145,637.000 

23,907,000 

601,468.000 

57,385,000 

13.649.000 

2„593.000 

82.800,000 

303,439,000 

14,013,000 

75,539.000 

140.220.000 

28.041.000 

26.593,000 

100,629.000 

24.250,000 

143.326.000 

3.417.000 

14.154.000 

149.232,000 

95.705.000 

10.021.000 

5,046.000 

283.089,000 

16.256,000 

5.433.000 

6.830.000 

13,903.000 

10.194.000 

6.152,000 

42,.'i52.000 

64,978.000 

12,371.000 

12,333,000 

22,,542.000 

194.,591,000 

50.075.000 

352.152,000 

8,767,000 

61,710.000 

20,641,000 

50.443,000 

13,904.000 

11,594.000 

30.281,000 

8,866,000 

34.515.000 

105,725,000 


14.517.000 

4.426.000 

19,863.000 

32,107,000 


21,229,000 
12.084,000 


Net  Time 
Deposits, 
Average. 


3,604,127,000 
70,913,000 
33,313,000 


Dollars. 
1,744.000 


299.000 
12,669,000 


12,427.000 

4,603,000 

547.000 


5,890,000 

4,886,000 

50,000 

7.612.000 


230,000 


3,890,000 


1,547,000 
692,000 
163.000 


10,901.000 


100,000 

31,000 

161,000 

120,000 

1.738.000 

424.000 

475.000 

4,812,000 

14.475.000 

1,966.000 

22,050,000 

451.000 

11.109,000 

1,610,000 

3,504,000 

1.636.000 

1.668.000 

1,180,000 

598,000 

994.000 

10,113,000 


6,000 


47,000 


440,000 
482,000 


147,371,000 
52,000 
922,000 


a3,708,353,000  148,345.000  ^ 
§119,152,0001   U,167,000 


*  As  per  official  reports:  28  National.  August  31,  1918:  13  State.  September  10,  1918;  15  Trust  Co.'s. 
September  10,  1918.    t  Includes  capital  set  aside  for  foreign  brandies,  86,000,000.     t  Increase.   §  Decrease. 

Cash  in  vault  of  members  of  Federal  Reserve  Bank,  not  counted  as  reserve $105,494,000 

Members  Federal  Reserve  Bank Reserve  in  Depository,      624,471 ,000 

State    banks,    not    members    of 

Federal  Reserve  Bank Cash  reserve  iu  vault,         58,408,000       "         "  "  5,123,000 

Trust  companies,  not  membors 

of  Federal  Reserve  Bank "  '■        "       "  1,835.000      "         "  "  3,318,000 


Totals. 


§10,243,000 


$532,912,000 


Exchanges  of  Clearing  Houses  of  United  Staies  Cities.      441 

CONDITION  OF  MEMBERS,  N.  Y.  GLEARING  HOUSE  ASSOCIATION— Coi»«ntt#«. 


Seserve  required  on  net  demand  deposits $468,536,510 

"     time  deposits 4,421,130 


demand  and  time  deposits. 

demand  deposits 

demand  deposits 


472.957,640 

12.764,340 

4,996,950 


Exc.  S51,513,360 
Exc,  766.660 

Exc,  156,050 


total  net  deposits 5490,718.930     Exc, 

ACTUAL    CONDITION,    NOVEMBER    2, 


.?52,436.070 
1918. 


Deer..  $20,952,820 
Deer.,  63,080 

Incr.,  9,400 

Deer..  $21,006,500 


Loans.  Dlsc't 
lav'ts,  Eti'. 

Gold. 

Legal 
Tender. 

Silver. 

Not  Demand 
T>eposits. 

Net  Time 
Deposits. 

TOTALS. 

Members  Federal  Reserve  Banli . 
Slate    banks,    not    members    of 

Federal  Reserve  Bank 

Trust  companies,   not   members 

of  Federal  Reserve  Bank 

Dollars. 
4,583,744,000 

77,152.000 

63,476,000 

Dollars. 
35.502.000 

3,009.000 

547.000 

Dollars. 
12,561,000 

1,146,000 

300,000 

Dollars. 
18,698,000 

1,068,000 

314,000 

Dollars. 
3,593,689.000 

71.913,000 

33.951,000 

Dollars. 
149,477,000 

52,000 

923.000 

ARgregate.  56  Members 

Corofparisons 

4.724.372.000 
*45.9G3,000 

39.058.000 
♦40,000 

14,007,000 
1 155,000 

20,080,000 
« 1,793,000 

b3,699, 553,000 
♦96.830.000 

150.4.52.000 
tl.fi73,000 

Cash  In  vault  of  members  of  Federal  Reserve  Bank,  not  counted  as  reserve !5100,448,000 

Members  Federal  Reserve  Bank Reserve  in  depo.sltory ,   5525,944,000 

State  banks,   not  members  of 

Federal  Reserve  Bank Cash  reserve  in  vault.       S8,029.000  "  •  "  ^4,964,000 

Trust  companies,  not  members 

of  Federal  Reserve  Bank....     "  "  "  1,858,000  3,087,000 


Totals ■•           "               "  S9,887,000 

Reserve  required  on  net  demand  deposits $467,179,570 

time  deposits 4,484.310 

demand  and  time  deposits. .  471.663.880 

demand  deposits 12,944.340 

demand  deposits 5.092.650 


Exc.  S54,280,120 
Exc.  48,660 

Deficit.       146,650 


S533.995.000 


Deer.,  878,440.840 
Deer.,  472.240 

Deer.,  683,500 


total  net  deposits S489.700.870     Exc.  S54. 181. 130     Deer.,  $79.596..580 

(a)  U.  S.  deposits  deducted.  5444,594,000.     (b)  U.  S.  deposits  deducted,  3389,719.000.     *  Decrease, 
t  Increase.  


BANK    CLEARINGS 


IN    AMERICAN    CITf ES,  1  91  5-1  91  7. 

(By  Calendar  Years.) 


City. 

1917. 

1916. 

1915. 

City. 

1917. 

1916. 

1915. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

New  York . . . 

177.404,965,589 

159,580,648,590 

110,204,392,634 

Seattle 

1,151,409,201 

790,217,950 

612,928,879 

Chicago 

24,974,974,478 

20,314,943,195 

16,198,985,174 

Louisville .  .  . 

1,003, 000, ooa 

942.133,137 

742,390,281 

Philadelphia. 

17,197,755,288 

13,083,317,712 

8,863,633,292 

Buffalo 

982,563,624 

797,808,303 

611,114,647 

Boston 

12,663,248,399 

10,757,335,866 

8,256,935,555 

Denver 

•  870,998,188 

632,799,656 

510.064.556 

Kansas  City . 

7,662,014,133 

4,933.778,696 

3,835,065,759 

Portland,  Ore 

868,331,222 

649.775,145 

.354.446,756 

St.  Louie. ..  . 

6,967,495,305 

5,370,977,392 

4,153,529,336 

St.  Jos'h,  Mo. 

762,931,107 

518,406.417 

384,976,735 

S.  Fi-anciBco. 

4,837,854,596 

3,479,862,482 

2,693,688,925 

St  Paul,  Minn 

758,148,987 

784,991,101 

661.915.332 

Pittsburgh. . . 

4,021,732,887 

3,402,245,463 

2,666,312,569 

S.  Lake  City . 

710,064,797 

513,423,713 

349,743.134 

Cleveland . .  , 

3,700,000,000 

2,473,916,082 

1,545,813,799 

Indianapolis . 

684,058,000 

562,632.091 

433.193,099 

Detroit 

2,740,000,000 

2,260,574,784 

1,484,972,649 

Ft.  Worth . . . 

668.322,418 

437,328.982 

435.289.425 

New  Orleans. 

1,963,923,811 

1,381,073,094 

972,165,576 

Memphis. . .  . 

621,083,000 

469,576,000 

357.831,463 

Omaha 

1,895,000,000 

1,279,158,595 

982,670,880 

Washington  . 

565,944,727 

477,041,768 

410,073,957 

Atlanta 

1,605,493,790 

1,013,996,794 

739,294,232 

Providence .  . 

547,818,800 

510,908,000 

420,538,300 

Los  Angeles . 

1,302,250.000 

1,292,061,997 

1,048,130,652 

Nashville. ..  . 

532,907,289 

407,729,406 

322,901,654 

Richmond . . . 

1.371,649,260 

930,271,878 

537,261,585 

Toledo 

.530,835,815 

473,781,075 

331,579,324 

Milwaukee .  . 

1,300,560,926 

1,017,716,296 

836,384,564 

Columbus,  O. 

525,641,400 

487,459,100 

349,324,900 

EXCHANGES    OF    CLEARING    HOUSES    OF    UNITED    STATES    CITIES. 


Cle.^ring 
House  at — 


New  York .  .  .  . 

Boston 

Chicago 

Philadelphia. . . 

St.  Louis 

San  Francisco . 

Baltimore 

Pittsburgh.  .  .  . 
Cincinnati .  .  .  . 
Kansas  City. .. 
New  Orleans.  . 
Minneapolis. .  . 

Detroit 

IXJuLsville 

Cleveland 

Other  cities .  .  . 

Total 


EXCHANGES    FOB    YEARS    ENDED    SEPTK.MBEK    30 — 


1918. 


S174, 

14 

25 

18 

7 

5 

2 

6, 

2 

9 

2 

1 

2 

1 

4 

41 


524,179,000 
781,325,000 
641,871,000 
928,044.000 
789,456,000 
,390,920,000 
,905,072,000 
,025,118,000 
,679,635,000 
.874,645,000 
,575,655,000 
,759,854,000 
968,353,000 
137,579,000 
128,765,000 
481,709,000 


1917. 


5181,534 

12,188 

24,452 

16,423 

6,546 

4,525 

2,233 

3,939 

2,014 

6,736 

1,799 

1.617 

2.736 

1.001 

2.723 

33.526; 


,031,000 
,355,000 
469,000 
891,000 
438,000 
154.000 
071,000 
322,000 
284,000 
042,000 
857,000 
563,000 
099,000 
822,000 
;466,000 
133,000 


1916. 


8147,180,709,000 

10,180,120.000 

19,129.452,000 

12,018,127,000 

4,947,429.000 

3.186.602.000 

2.192.008.000 

3.216,124,000 

1,658,175.000 

4.507.986.000 

1.180.040.000 

1.465,000.000 

2.020.598.000 

906.755.000 

2,134.768,000 

25.483.648.000 


S321,492.180,000  8303,997.997,000  .?241,407.541,000  .$162,777,508,000  5163.975,683,000 


1915. 


399,842 
7,481 

15,404 
7,968 
3,883 
2,583 
1,727 
2,527 
1,274 
3,615 
898 
1,327 
1,.358 
671 
1,368 

19,846 


,708,009 
,341,000 
167,000 
006.000 
,252,000 
,278,000 
,833,000 
701,000 
149,000 
489,000 
;763,000 
,106,000 
,216.000 
018,000 
429.000 
052.000 


1914. 


$89,760,345,000 
7,866,664,000 

16.139,932,000 
8.231.518.000 
4.050.824.000 
2.544.227,000 
1,899,411,000 
2,725.372,000 
1,331,589,000 
2,831,768,000 

.  974,437,000 
1,318.336,000 

.  1,385.575,000 

706,840,000 

,1.271,067,000 

20.937,778.000 


442 


Stock  and  Bond  Quotations  at  New  York. 


STOCK    AND    BOND    QUOTATIONS    AT    NEW    YORK. 


Stocks. 


Acme  Tea  Istpfd ,. . . 

Adams  Express 

Advance  Rumely 

Advance  Rumely  pfd 

Ajax  Rubber  (558) 

Alaska  Gold  M.  (510) 

Alaska  Jun.  Gold  M.  ($10) 

Albany  &  SusqueUanna 

AUls-Chalmers  Mfg 

Allis-Chalmers  Mfg.  pfd 

American  Agricultural  Chemical 

American  Agricultural  Chemical  pfd.. 

American  Bank  Note  (SbO) 

American  Bank  Note  pfd.  (Sf.O) 

American  Beet  Sugar  Co 

American  Beet  Sugar  Co.  pfd 

American  B.  Shoe  &  Foululr^■ 

American  B.  Shoe  &  Foundry  pfd .... 

American  Can  Co 

American  Can  Co.  pfd 

American  Car  &  Foundry 

American  Car  &  Foundry  pfd 

American  Cities  pfd 

American  Cotton  Oil  Co 

Americatk  Cotton  Oil  Co.  pfd 

American  Express 

American  Hide  &  Leather  Co 

American  Hide  &  Leather  Co.  pfd  .  .  . 

American  Ice 

American  Ice  pfd 

American  Inter.  (60%  iid.) 

American  Linseed  Co 

American  Linseed  Co.  piu 

American  Locomotive  Co 

American  Locomotive  Co.  pfd 

American  Malting 

American  Malting  1st  pfd 

American  Shipbuilding 

American  Smelting  &  ileflning  Co .  .  . 
American  Smelting  &  Hcflning  Co.  ))fd 

American  Smelters  pfd.  A 

American  Snuff 

American  Steel  Foundries 

American  Sugar  Refinery  Co 

American  Sugar  Refiutry  Co.  i)f'l 

American  Sumatra  Tobacco 

American  Tel.  &  Cable  Co 

American  Tel.  &  Tel.  (.'o 

American  Tobacco  Co 

American  Tobacco  Co.  pfd.,  new 

American  Woolen  Co 

American  Woolen  Co.  pfd 

American  Writing  Paper  pfd 

American  Zinc,  Lead  &  .Siec)  (.'?2,5) . . .  . 

Anaconda  C.  M.  Co.  ($5(Vi 

Assets  Realization 

Associated  Dry  Goods 

Associated  Dry  Goods  1st  pfd 

Associated  Dry  Goods  2d  pfd 

Associated  Oil 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  pfd 

Atlanta,  Birmingham  &  AH 

Atlantic  Coast  Line 

At.,  Gulf  &  W.  I.  S.  S 

At.,  Gulf  &  W.  I.  S.  S.  pfd 

Baldwin  Locomotive .    

Baldwin  Locomotive  pfd 

Baltimore  &  Ohio 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  pfd 

Barrett  Co 

Barrett  Co.  pfd . . , 

Batopilaa  Min.  (S20) 

Bethlehem  Steel 

Bethlehem  Steel,  CI.  B.  C.  cfs 

Bethlehem  Steel  pfd 

Bethlehem  Steel  8%  pfd 

Brooklyn  Rapid  Tr.nsslt  Co 

Brooldyn  Union  Gas 

Brown  Shoe 

Bruns.  T.  &  R.  R.  Set 

BuftalOi  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh 

Buffalo,  Rochester  &  Pittsburgh  pfd. . . 
^urns  Brothers 


Capital 
Stock 
Listed. 


$2,750,000 
12,000,000 
12,119,400 
11,528,600 
7,100,000 
7,500,000 
13,967,440 
3,500,000 
22,843,700 
14,692,000 
18,465,900 
27,648,200 
4,495,700 
4,495,650 
15,000,000 
5,000,000 
-  4,600,000 
5,000,000 
41,233,300 
41,233,300 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 
20,553,500 
20,237,100 
10,198,000 
18,000,000 
11,274,100 
12,548,300 
7,161,400 
14.920.200 
49,000.000 
16.750.000 
16.750,000 
25,000.000 
25,000,000 
5.761,700 
8.433.800 
5,272,700 
60.998.000 
50.000,000 
16,031,700 
11,001.000 
17,184,000 
45,000,000 
45,000,000 
6,813.900 
14,000,000 
441,895,300 
40,242,400 
.51,978,700 
20,000,000 
40,000,000 
12,500,000 
4,828,000 
116,562,500 
9,990,000 
13,685,100 
13,652,300 
6,081,700 
40,000,000 
221,642,000 
124,199,470 
30,000,000 
67,559,400 
14,963,400 
14,979.900 
20,000,000 
20,000,000 
152,314,800 
60,000,000 
16,139,000 
7,696,400 
8,931,980 
14,862,000 
44,586,000 
14,908,000 
28,518,700 
74,520,000 
18,000,000 
6,000,000 
7,000,000 
10,500,000 
6,000,000 
7,076,800 


July  30 
1914. 
High. 


nvs 


22  W 


7H 
34  M 
la 'A 


1917. 


High.     Low 


2l'A 


22K 
85 
46  Ji 
113 
59  H 


100 

17 

23?.^ 


25  J.  i 
23 


ii',-: 


100 1, 
155 

271. 
102  ;i 
108 


116^4 
221 
104,H 
12 


25  M 


92% 
98'.^ 


115 


42 

105;-.|- 

74  5  i 
73'., 


33  Ji 

'  82  ji 
86    ■ 


96^ 
140 

l&'A 

37>2 

80 

U'A 
SH 
♦180 

32  H 

SGVs 

'Jii'A 
103^8 

43  « 

63^2 
102  H 

9S 
103 
200 

53 
UlVa 

SO-l'g 
118  h 


92 
70 

7^ 
19 
i^'A 

1 

IH 

*180 

15 

65 

72 

91 

29 

42 

03 

78  H 

100 

1,50 

29  li 

87 

07 

100 


1918    TO    NOVEMBER    9. 


High.      Date.      Low.      Date, 


50  H 

21 

101  H 

80 

1281/8 

78  H 

17>-4 

10 

75 

43  M 

16K 

m 

oo 

37>'e 

62  Ji 

46 

■29 'A 

15  Ji 

75 

48 

82  M 

46^8 

WO  A 

93 

19  H 

8  A 

71« 

50 

93 

88 

112M 

675^ 

117^ 

99  i^, 

102)4 

90  H 

142 

80 

75A 

50  H 

12&A 

89)^ 

121A 

106 

62;  4 

30 

66 

57% 

128« 

95  M 

220 

123 

109  K 

89 

58  Ji 

37  « 

100 

87 

54  M 

17 

41  Ji 

10  Kj 

87 

51H 

4 

Vs 

21 A 

10 

00  Ji 

51 

48 

35 

78  5i 

52  A 

\Q7A 

75 

100  J^ 

75 

17J^ 

8M 

119 

79  K 

121H 

87^8 

66 

54 

76  H 

43 

102  J^ 

93 

.85 

38  K 

76% 

48  J< 

136 

82 

117 

98  ?i 

2-4 

% 

515 

66!<i 

lf>hM 

66  J4 

135 

84 

101 H 

93 

82 

36 

120'^ 

89 

73  T4 

61 

11% 

5 

95!2 

72 

115 

*115 

125 '4 

89 

80 

80 

23  Mi 

59 

66  M 

5:j-a 

3Ji 

*184^i 

37 

86  H 
106 

96  K2 

35  H 

i2A 

84 

91  A 

90 
175 

50% 

97 

885/8 
lUA 

lOH 

44% 

85 

95H 

22% 

9i% 

49 

01 

(>QA 

43 

SI  A 

71-% 
101  Ji 

13)2 

58  ,'4 

144 

94% 

110 

94  H 
100 

94 
116 
113  H 
M'o% 

60 
109% 
195 

99 

60% 

96 

39% 

21% 

73% 
Uii 

15 

54  H 

36% 

71 

98% 

90!  5 

lO'i 
107 
120  i.i 

66% 
101% 
104 

00% 

61% 
109 
103% 
2 

96 

94 

94 
106% 

48% 

93 

74 

16% 
♦80 
110 
161% 


May  17 
Jan.    11 
Nov.    7 
Nov.     7 
Nov.    8 
Nov.     6 
Jan.    11 
May    4 
May  24 
May  24 
Oct.    17 
Nov.    7 
May  22 
Aug.  16 
Feb.   27 
May    8 
July 
Jan.      3 
May  17 
April  30 
Sept.  27 
Sept.  30 
May  13 
Oct.    18 
Nov.    6 
Nov.    6 
Sept.    3 
Aug.  24 
Oct.    28 
Oct.    21 
Oct.    14 
Aug.  10 
June  13 
May  10 
Oct.    18 
Feb.     6 
Feb.     6 
May  14 
Oct.    18 
Nov.     4 
Mar.    8 
May     9 
Oct.   28 
May  15 
May    8 
June  12 
Feb.   25 
Feb. 
Oct.    21 
Feb.   23 
May  24 
Nov.    9 
Aug.  28 
July     3 
Oct.    1 
July   24 
July     8 
Feb.     8 
.Jan.    30 
Oct.    21 
Nov.    8 
Nov.    8 
June  1 .5 
Nov.     7 
Fob.    18 
Oct.    23 
May  16 
Oct.    21 
Nov.    9 
Nov.    7 
Oct.    18 
Oct.    30 
Nov.    2 
May  16 
May  16 
Sept.  23 
April  29 
Jan.      3 
Oct.    11 
Nov.  6 
June    6 
Jan.     2 
Jan.     9 
Oct.   27 


80 

48 
11 

25% 

49 

1% 

1% 

*180 

17% 

72% 

89% 

89% 

31% 

82 

90 
163 

34% 

89% 

68% 
106 

10% 

25 

78 

50 

11% 

38% 

51  i4 

27 

69% 

53% 

95 
2% 

39 

90 

73 
103 

89 

85 

58 

98 
108% 

60% 

51 

90% 
140% 

92% 

44% 

92 

20% 

12% 

59% 
1 

12 

51 

36% 

54 

81 

80 
8 

89% 

97% 

58 

56% 

93 

49 

53 

85 

99H 

60% 
60% 
89% 
96% 
36 
78 
62 
6% 

*70 

100 

108 


May  17 
Sept.  17 
Jan.     7 
Jan.    15 
Jan.     2 
April  27 
April    1 
July   13 
Jan.    15 
Jan.     3 
Jan.    17 
Jan.    17 
Mar.    2 
June  26 
Nov.    2 
Sept.  13 
July     1 
April    9 
Jan.    16 
Jan.    23 
Jan.    15 
Jan.     3 
May  13 
Jan.    16 
May  16 
Sept.  25 
Jan.     5 
Jan.     2 
Jan.     2 
Jan.    16 
Sept.  13 
Jan.     2 
Jan.     7 
Jan.    15 
Jan.     2 
Sept.  28 
Sept.  26 
Feb.  21 
May  28 
Sept.  25 
May  25 
Oct.     1 
Jan.    15 
(an.    16 
Mar.  23 
Jan.     5 
Jan.    16 
Aug.     6 
Jan.     5 
Sept.  14 
Jan.    15 
Jan.     4 
April  11 
Jan.     8 
Jan.    18 
Mar.  20 
May    7 
May  22 
Jan.    30 
April  16 
Mar.  23 
.ran.    30 
July  29 
April  22 
Jan.      5 


2 
24 


Jan.  6 
Jan.  15 
Jan. 
Jan. 
April  25 
Jan.  4 
June  5 
Jan.  4 
Nov.  8 
Nov.  7 
Oct.  30 
Jan.  15 
June  26 
Aug.  14 
June  6 
Jan..  29 
Sept  9 
Aug.  6 
Feb.  5 


Stock  and  Bond  Quotations  oi  New  York-^Continued. 


M3 


.  Stocks. 


BUEb  Terminal 

Butterick  Co 

Butte  Copper  &  Zinc  ($6) 

Butte  &  Superior  (§20) 

California  Petrol 

California  Petrol,  pfd 

Calumet  &  Arizona  (SIO) 

Canadian  Paciflc. .  ^ 

Canada  Southern 

Case  (J.  I.)  Thr.  M.  pfd 

Central  Foundry 

Central  Foundry  pfd 

Central  Leather . 

Central  Leather  pfd . . . , ' 

Central  of  New  Jersey 

Central  South  American  Tel.- 

Certa,ln-Teed  Pr.  1st  pfd 

Certain-Teed  Pr.  2d  pfd 

Chandler  Motor 

Chesapeake  &  Ohio 

Chicago  &  Alton 

Chicago  Great  Western 

Chicago  Great  Western  pfd 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  pfd. ; . 

Chicago  &  Northwestern 

Chicago  &  Northwestern  pfd 

Chic,  Rock  Isl.  &  Pac.  tem.  cfs 

Chic,  Rock  Isl.  &  Pac.  7%  pfd.,  t.  cs. .  . 
Chic,  Rock  Isl.  &  Pac.  6%  pfd.,  t.  cs. . . 

Chic,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  &  Omalia 

ChUe  Copper  (S25) 

Chino  Copper  (S25) 

Cleve.,  Cin.,  Chic.  &  St.  Louis 

Cleve.,  Cin.,  Chic.  &  St.  Louis  pfd. .  .  . 

Cluett,  Peabody  &  Co 

Cluett,  Peabody  &  Co.  pfd 

Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron 

Colorado  &  Southern 

Colorado  &  Southern  1st  pfd 

Colorado  &  Southern  2d  pfd 

Columbia  Gas  &  Electric 

Comp.-Tab.-Rec  Co 

Con.  G  ,  E.  L.  &  P.,  Baltimore 

Consolidated  Gas 

Con.  Coal  Co.  of  Maryland 

Continental  Can  Co 

Continental  Can  Co.  pfd 

Continental  Insurance  Co.  (S25) 

Corn  Products  Refining  Co 

Com  Products  Refining  Co.  pfd 

Crucible  Steel  Co 

Crucible  Steel  Co.  pfd 

Cuban-American  Sugar 

Cuban-American  Sugar  pfd 

Cuba  Cane  Sugar  ptd -. 

Deere  &  Co.  pfd 

Delaware  &  Hudson 

Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  West.  (S50) . . 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande  pfd 

Detroit  Edison 

Detroit  United  Railway 

Distillers'  Securities  Corp 

Dul.,  South  Sh.  &  At 

DiU.,  South  Sh.  &  At.  pfd 

Electric  Storage  Battery 

Elkhoi-n  Coal  (S50) 

Elkhorn  Coal  pfd.  (SoO) 

Erie 

Erie  1st  pfd 

Erie  2d  pfd 

Federal  Mining  &  Smelting 

Federal  Mining  ii  Smelting  pfd 

Fisher  Body  Corp.  pfd 

General  Chemical  Co 

General  Chemical  Co.  pfd 

General  Cigar  Co 

General  Cigar  Co.  pfd 

General  Electric 

General  Motor  Corp 

General  Motor  Corp.  pfd 

Goodrich  (B.  F.)  Co 

Goodrich  (B.  F.)  Co.  pfd 

Granby  Consol 

Great  Northern  pfd 

Great  Northern  cfs.  for  ore  prop,  (sh) 


LJitpiial 
stock 
Listed. 


5,384,500 

14,647,200 

2,616,850 

2,902,960 

11,939,700 

12.450,500 

6,424,620 

259,994,600 

15,000,000 

12,150,000 

3,136,600 

3,735,801 

39,689,100 

33,297,500 

27,436,800 

10,000,000 

3,350,000 

1,825,000 

7,000,000 

62,793,700 

19,537,800 

37,295,000 

37,071,700 

117,411,300 

116,274,900 

145,165,810 

22,395,100 

73.996,600 

29,338,300 

24,713,900 

18,556,700 

95,000,000 

4,349,900 

47,056,300 

10,000,000 

18,000,000 

7,000,000 

34,235,500 

31,000,000 

8,500,000 

8,500,000 

60,000,000 

10,482,700 

14,385,800 

99,816,500 

40,146,400 

13,500,000 

4,675,000 

10,000,000 

49,777,300 

29,826,900 

25,000,000 

25,000,000 

9,989,500 

7,893,800 

50,000,000 

37,828,500 

42,503,000 

42,277,000 

38,000,000 

49,778.400 

25,693,700 

15,000.000 

32.298,000 

12,000,000 

10,000,000 

16,120.900 

12,000,000 

6,600,000 

112,481,900 

47.892.400 

16,000,000 

6,000,000 

12,000,000 

4,714,000 

16,518,200 

15,207,100 

18,104,000 

5,000,000 

115,759,400 

82,558,800 

19,676,800 

60,000,000 

25,500,000 

15,001,900 

249,477,850 

1,500,000 


July  30 
1914. 
High 


18 
52 


163 


31 

96  h' 


43 


lOJi 
30  >i 
91 

128 


34  M 


23>i 
20 


122 


S4 


60  H 


92;'j 

145  Ve 
392 


8J^ 


22  >i 
34 
26  M 
10 
31M 


1917. 


High. 


100  "'a 
19>i 


52  J4 
id 'A 
62  K 
84^ 
167% 
553/8 
88 
36  H 

Wl'A 
llSJi 
310 
'155 


140  Ji 
78 
87 
23 
89 


116K 
2534 


104  J4 

65J-i 

21 

143^ 

41k 

92 
125H 
12434 

72  32 

883-2 

8434 

71 
112% 

275-^ 

63  J^ 

51 

80 

75 
115>^ 

58 

30 

57  M 

46 

47  >g 

46 

126,4 
134% 
113 

103  M 
112 

59  K 

3734 
112% 

91>^ 
117K 
201 
107  3-5 

943/2 
10034 

1513-8 

238 
17 
41 

145 

12034 
4434 
5?4 
115-5 
67 
38  H 
463-i 
34  ?4 
49  34 
3954 
26  H 
5454 
95 

250 

113 
44!.^ 

104  ?4 
17154 
1463-^ 

93 

6134 
112 

92% 
11834 

383^ 


Low. 


100 
10 


12  ?4 

1034 
293-i 
553-i 
126 
55 
75 
24K 
35 
56 
97 
231 
*100 


56 

6 

1732 

35 

62  M 

85 
137  3-i 

16 

44 

3554 

70 

11 '4 

3534 

24 

6154 

45 

89  3 '2 

2954 

18 

44% 

42 

25% 

24 

8632 

763-2 

90 

76 

97 

38 

18 

883-i 

46  M 

83 
1263-2 

93  K2 

74% 

91)2 

87 

107  32 

5 

9% 
112  3-5 
90 

nVi 

2 

5 
47 

18 

44 

13  3  f: 

IS?; 
15% 
83-i 
28 
73 

153 

100 
30% 
983-4 

118 
743^ 
7294 
3234 
91% 
65 
7934 
22% 


1918  TO  November  9. 


High. 


80 
16 

12% 

33  4 

24  « 

68 

71 

174% 
*49 

8832 

4132 

53 

73% 
107 
220 
108 

87 

*7834 
1043^2 

61% 

10 

10 

3034 

54  3i 

86 
107 
137 

32 

86  5S 

74 

78 

24 

47  34 

40 

67 

56 
100 

543^ 

27% 

55 

47 

41  3-8 

39 

9S 
104% 

94 

95 
106 

50 

49% 
103 

74% 

9154 
152 

95% 

83 

96 

US 

185 

6 

13% 
109 

90 

64  54 
454 
8 

3034 

■n\i 

30% 

2e  34 

15 

44  3-'. 

92  4 
185 
10354 

58 
105 
158  34 
164 

8? 

59% 
103 

86 

34% 


Date. 


Jan.  2 
Nov.  9 
July  10 
May  14 
Oct.  iS 
Oct.  18 
May  15 
Oct.  14 
Aug.  SO 
May  25 
April  22 
April  S 
Feb.  27 
Mar.  S 
Oct.  18 
.\pril  4 
June  13 
July  23 
Nov.  9 
Oct.  23 
May  14 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  9 
Sept.  7 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  9 
Jan.  29 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  9 
Oct.  19 
Oct.  18 
May  IG 
Nov.  S 
Aug.  28 
Feb.  20 
Oct.  29 
May  24 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  4 
Oct.  23 
Oct.  17 
July  6 
Jan.  10 
Nov.  7 
Jan.  4 
Feb.  19 
Oct.  28 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  4 
Oct.  3 
May  16 
June  4 
Jan.  31 
Feb.  18 
Feb.  13 
Feb.  14 
Nov.  9 
Sept.  4 
Feb.  25 
Jan.  2 
Oct.  IS 
Jan.  14 
May  24 
Oct.  23 
July  27 
Oct.  19 
Aug.  16 
Mar.  2 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  8 
Nov.  7 
Oct.  IS 
Oct.  18 
Nov.  6 
Aug.  12 
Jan.  24 
Jwie  1 
Oct.  28 
Oct.  18 
Aug.  21 
Feb.  1 
Oct.  18 
Nov.  6 
Oct.  23 
NOV.  7 
May  16 


Low. 


80 
7H 
8% 

163^ 

12 

36 

63% 
135 
*41 

73 

22 

33 

1023^ 

202 

108 
84% 

*78% 
6834 
49  M 
7 
6 
18% 
37  34 
66)4 
89% 

125 
18% 
56  ?4 
46 
69 
14% 
36% 
26 
5854 
4354 
95 

?l^ 

47 

40 

28  ?4 

30 

95 

82% 

94 

65% 

99 

44 

29% 

903^ 

52 

86 
136 

90 

78% 

90 
1003^2 
160 
2% 
5 

98 

80 

33 

4% 

48 

22 

37 

14 

23% 

18% 
9% 

27 

7034 
165 

9934 

34 

9634 
12754 
10654 

IhH 

38 

96 
-  74 

S6 

26% 


Date. 


Jan.  2 
May  21 
AprU  26 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  7 
Jan.  5 
Jan.  16 
Mar.  26 
May  2 
Jan.  8 
Oct.  24 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  8 
Mar.  14 
AprU  23 
April  4 
July  24 
July  23 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  16 
April  17 
April  9 
April  9 
AprU  22 
AprU  11 
Mar.  25 
July  15 
Jan.  16 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  15 
Sept.  25 
AprU  4 
June  10 
Feb.  21 
May  7 
Jan.  4 
Jan.  5 
Jan.  29 
April  22 
AprU  3 
April  4 
R4:tr.  25 
Jan.  11 
Jan.  3 
July  15 
Jan.  4 
Oct.  7 
July  19 
Feb.  5 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  7 
Jan.  12 
Jan.  31 
-^ug.  21 
Miir.  1 
M!ir.  26 
June  6 
■VinU  11 
AprU  17 
Jan.  4 
April  23 
Jan.  18 
April  6 
Jan.  2 
Fel).  1 
May  2 
April  22 
Jan.  4 
Mar.  2 
April  17 
Jau.  16 
Jan.  25 
AprU  12 
Jan.  10 
Jan.  4 
Jan.  28 
June  24 
Jan.  4 
Mar.  7 
Jan.  7 
Jan.  15 
Oct.  10 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  10 
Ja)i.  25 
Jan.  16 
Jan.  16 


444  Stock  and  Bond  Quotations  at  New  York—Continued. 


Stocks. 


Greene-Cananea 

Gulf,  Mobile  &  North 

Quit,  MobUe  &  KortU.  pid 

Gulf  States  Steel 

Hartmann  Corp 

Havana  El.  Ry.,  h.  &P 

Helme  (G.  W.)  pfd 

Homestake  Mining 

Illinois  Central 

Ingersoll-Rand 

Inspir.  Con.  C.  (S:'.0) 

Int.  Con.  Corp.  pfd 

International  Agricultural 

International  Agrlculttiral  pfd 

International  Han'esr^r  (new) 

International  Harvester  pfd.  (new) . . . 

International  Mercantile  Marine 

International  Mercantile  Marine  pfd . 

International  Nickel  (825) 

International  Nickel  pfd 

International  Paper  Co 

International  Paper  pfd 

International  Paper  pJd.,  stamped .  .  . 

International  Salt 

Iowa  Central 

Jewel  Tea 

Jewel  Tea  pfd 

Kansas  City,  Ft.  S.  &  M.  pfd 

Kansas  City  Southern 

Kansas  City  Southern  pfd 

Kayser  (Julius)  &  Co 

Kelly-Springfleld  Tire  (S25) 

Kelly-Springfleld  Tire  pfd 

Kelsey  Wheel 

Kennecott  Copper  (sh.) 

Keokuk  &  Des  Moines 

Kings  County  K.  1-.  &  P 

Kresge  (S.  S.)  Co 

Kress  (S.  H.)  Co 

Kress  (S.  H.)  Co.  pId 

Lackawanna  Steel  Co 

Laclede  Gas  Co 

Lake  lirle  &  Western 

Lake  Erie  &  Western  pfd 

Lehigh  Valley  ($50) 

Liggett  &  Myers 

Liggett  &  Myers  pfd 

Loose- Wiles  Biscuit 

Loo.se- Wiles  Biscuit  1st  pfd 

Lorillard  (P.)  Co 

Lorillard  (P.)  (».  pfd 

Louisville  &  Nashville 

Mackay  Companies. 

Mackay  Companies  pfd 

Manhattan  Beach 

Manliattan  Elevated  gtd 

Manhattan  Shirt  Co 

Mathieson  Alkali 

Maxwell  Motors 

Maxwell  Motors  1st  pfd 

MaxweU  Motors  2d  pfd 

May  Department  Stores 

May  Department  Stores  pfd 

Mexican  Petroleum 

Mexican  Petroleum  pfd 

Miami  Copper  (S5) 

Michigan  Central 

Midvale  Steel  &  O.  ($50) 

Minn.  &  St.  Louis  new 

Minn.,  St.  Paul  &  S.  S.  Marie 

Minn.,  St.  Paul  &  S.  S.  Marie  pfd  .  .  . 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 

Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  pfd 

Missouri  Pacific  tr.  cfs 

Missouri  Pacific  pfd.  tr.  cfs 

Mollne  Plow  1st  pfd 

Montana  Power 

Montana  Power  pfd 

Morris  &  Essex  ($50) 

Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis.  . 

National  Acme  Co.  ($50) 

National  Biscuit  Co 

National  Biscuit  Co.  pfd 

National  Cloak  &  Suit 

National  Enam.  &  Stamp.  Co 

National  Enam.  &  Stamp .  Co.  pfd .  . 
National  Lead  Co 


Capital 
Stock 
Listed. 


48,780,620 

4,268,300 

4,476,700 

11,038,500 

12,000,000 

15,000,000 

3,964,300 

25,116,000 

109,296.000 

10,900,000 

23,639,342 

45,333,400 

5,466,600 

10,127,100 

65,699,100 

62.457,600 

37,644,800 

46,1.37,300 

40,381,075 

8,391,800 

19,872,900 

2,054.500 

22,945,500 

4,735,100 

1,431,900 

12,000,000 

3,709,000 

6,252,700 

30,000,000 

21,000,000 

6,570,000 

4,906,000 

5,407,100 

8,704,900 

2,786,870 

2,600,400 

17,162,500 

9,979,100 

n. 885,600 

3,828,500 

35,097,-500 

10,700,000 

11,840,000 

11,840,000 

60,501,700 

21,496,400 

22,512,200 

5,291,000 

4,856,900 

24,217.600 

11,306,700 

72,000,000 

41,380,400 

50,000,000 

5,000,000 

57,750.700 

5,000,000 

5,885,700 

8,386,600 

12,584,600 

5,339,100 

15,000,000 

7,012,500 

36.135,200 

10,795,200 

3,735,570 

18,738,000 

100,000,000 

24,526,800 

25,206,800 

12,603,400 

63,300,300 

13,000,000 

78,154,300 

45,742,500 

7,500,000 

29,633,000 

9,700,000 

15,000,000 

16,000,000 

23,963,100 

29,236,000 

24,804,500 

12,000,000 

15,591,600 

8,546,600 

20,655,500 


July  30 
1914. 
High. 


110 
108?^ 


21 


100 
117 


7h 

32 


23  ■ -2 


28'A 
85 


I29ys 
'27M 


130 1^ 
70 


i28'4. 


61 


19M 


112 


11 

28  H 
9H 


44Ji 


125 
125M 


41M 


1917. 


High.    Low 


47 
17^ 
40 
137 
78 
99% 


131 H 
lO&H 


66n 
72  M 
21% 
60  H 


36  Ji 
106  K^ 

47?^ 
108 

4:9% 

105 

77  H 

65 
6  k' 

78 
112 


25-^^ 
58  H 
135 

04;-; 

93 

30 

50  J^ 

5 

124 


55 
107}^ 
103  K 
103^ 

25H 

53  M 

79  M 
281 
125M 

27  H 

93 
232 
120  ^i 
133% 

89  H 

67  a 

2 

129  H 

81 

60 

61 M 

74}^ 

40 

66  M 
107  H 
106  M 

97J/8 
43  K 
*120 

67  H 
32  M 

119 
127 

11 

20  H 

34 

61 


109  H 

mn 

77 

130 
355^ 

122K' 

127 
81 
46% 
99% 
63% 


34 
9 
28 
77 
31^ 
99K8 


89 
86 


38 
39  Ji 

■7% 
26% 


62  Vs 
24  K 
92 
18  H 
75 
50% 
54  K. 

3 
31 
90 


13M 

40 

95 

36  Ji 

75 

21 

26 

95 


43 

98 

68 

80 
8'A 

i7% 

50% 
151 

97  H 

12% 

80% 
145% 
100 
103 

70 

57% 
1 

93% 

60 

50 

19% 

49 

13 

43  ;4 

98 
67 
84% 
25 
*80 
39% 
6% 

il!^ 

3% 

19% 
37% 


68% 
95% 
75% 

120 
25% 
79% 

104 
56 
24 
90% 
37% 


1918  TO  November  9. 


High.     Date.      Low.      Date, 


68% 
10 

34% 
111% 

48 

♦95 

♦100% 

90 

105 

♦185 

58% 

47% 

19 

65 

119.'^ 
109% 

33 
125% 

35 

98 

45% 

99 

65% 

61% 
6% 

40 

97% 

65 

24 

57% 
105 

58 

90 

35 

41% 
4% 
101 
105 

64 
103% 

91% 

90 

10% 

25 

64% 
195% 
109% 

42 

94 
200 
110 
121% 

78% 

65 
% 
101% 

78 

40 

41% 

69% 

32% 

63 
103 
194 
104% 

33% 
*95 

61 

15% 

97 
112 
6% 

12% 

31!^ 

62 
♦95 

79% 
101% 
*75 
119% 

33 
109% 
114 

60 

54% 

99% 

64% 


Nov.    6 

May  27 
Nov.  9 
April  25 
Sept.  10 
Mar.  8 
Oct.  4 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  8 
Sept.  20 
Oct.  18 
Jan.  3 
June  20 
June  18 
Nov.  7 
Oct.  31 
Oct.  17 
Nov.  6 
Nov.  7 
Mar.  15 
May  15 
Mar.  5 
Jan.  3 
Sept.  21 
Nov.  7 
Feb.  15 
Jan.  30 
April  17 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  8 
Oct.  21 
Nov.  6 
Nov.  7 
Oct.  18 
Nov.  9 
Jan.  24 
Oct.  31 
Nov.  7 
Oct.  14 
June  13 
May  16 
Mar.  8 
Nov.  9 
Oct.  22 
Nov.  7 
Feb.  20 
Oct.  18 
Oct.  19 
Nov.  1 
Mar.  26 
Nov.  6 
Oct.  22 
Feb.  28 
May  28 
April  17 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  7 
May  7 
Nov.  8 
Nov.  8 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  9 
Feb.  13 
Oct.  19 
Nov.  9 
Jan.  31 
June  12 
May  16 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  7 
Oct.  22 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  8 
Nov. 
Nov.  9 
April  17 
Oct.  19 
July  26 
Mar.  2 
May  16 
May  11 
Nov.  7 
Mar.  13 
Aug.  20 
May  20 
Feb.  20 
Oct.    19 


38% 
8 

27 

63 

37 

♦95 

♦100 

68 

92 
♦185 

425^ 

29 

10 

38 
104 
107 

21 

83% 

27 

88% 

24% 

99 

58 

53 
2% 

28 

88 

59 

15% 

45 

95 

41 

7f>% 
24% 
29 

3 
87 
83 
50 
100 
71% 
82 

7% 
18 
55 

164  ;4 

101% 

17% 

82% 
144% 

98 
110 

71% 

57 
% 

94 

65 

40 

23% 

51 

II 

98 

79 

87 

26% 
♦80% 

43% 
7% 

80% 
105 
4% 
6% 

20 

41 
♦95 

64 

95 
♦67 
117 

26% 

90 
106% 

55 

37% 

91% 

43% 


Jan.  17 
Mar.  5 
April  16 
Oct.  30 
Mar.  3tf 
Mar.  8 
Oct.  4 
June  28 
Jan.  7 
Sept.  20 
Jan.  16 
Sept.  16 
Jan.  8 
Jan.  5 
Oct.  14 
Oct.  23 
Jan.  16 
Jan.  2 
.Tan.  16 
May.  2 
Jan.  15 
Mar.  5 
Jan.  22 
May  14 
Jan.  5 
Oct.  1 
April  30 
July  10 
April  17 
Jan.  6 
Jan.  2 
April  2 
Feb.  20 
July  2 
Mar.  25 
Oct  22 
Aug.  14 
June  24 
Jan.  31 
Jan.  25 
Nov.  4 
July  10 
Oct.  10 
April  23 
Jan.  12 
Aug.  29 
June  5 
Jan.  8 
Jan.  3 
Aug.  23 
Jan.  16 
Jan.  2 
June  18 
Jan.  4 
April  17 
Mar.  26 
June  10 
May  7 
Jan.  15 
AprU  24 
May  27 
Jan.  2 
Oct.  7 
Jan.  6 
Jan.  16 
June  7 
Feb.  14 
Mar.  23 
April  17 
Jan.  15 
April  25 
Jan.  5 
Jan.  29 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  15 
April  17 
June  25 
Mar.  19 
July  9 
Oct.  22 
Jan.  2 
Aug.  13 
Sept.  28 
Sept.  13 
Jan.  7 
Oct.  25 
Jan.     7 


Stock  and  Bond  Quotations  at  New  York— Continued.         445 


Stocks. 


National  Lead  Co.  pfd 

National  Railroad  oJ  Mexico  2d  pfd . . 
Nevada  Consolidated  Copper  (S.5) .  .  . 

New  Orleans,  Texas  &  Mexico 

New  Yorii  Air  BraJie 

New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River. . 

New  York,  Cliicago  &  St.  Louis 

New  YorK,  Chic.  &.  St.  Louis  itt  pfd. 
New  York.,  Ciiic.  &  St.  Louis  2d  pi'd . 

New  York  Dock 

New  York  Dock  pid 

New  York,  New  Ha  von  &  Hartford. . 

New  York,  Ontario  &;  Western 

Norfolk  Soutiiern. 

Norfolk  &  Westei-n 

Norfolk  &  Western  pld 

North  American 

Northern  Central  (S50) 

Northern  Pacific 

Nova  Scotia  Steel  &  Coal 

Ohio  Cities  Gas  (S2.5) 

Ohio  Fuel  Sup.  (S25) 

Ontario  Silver  Mining 

Owens  Bottle  Machine  ($2-5) 

Owens  Bottle  Machine  pld 

Pacific  C;oast 

Pacific  Mail  (§5) 

Pacific  Telephone  &  Telegr;iph ...... 

Pan-American  Petroleum  &  Trans.  . . 
Pan-.'Vmerican  Petroleum  &  Trans,  pfd 

Pennsylvania  R.  R.  (.330) 

People's  G.as,  Chicago 

Peoria  &  Eastern 

Pere  Marquette 

Pete  Marquette  pr.  pfd 

Pere  Marquette  pld 

Peltibone-Mulliken 

Philadelphia  Co.  ($50) 

Pierce-Arrow  Motor  pfd 

Pierce  Oil  (S25) 

Pittsb\irgh  Coal  of  Pennsylvania 

Pittsburgh  Coal  of  Pennsylvania  pld . 

Pittsburgh,  C,  C.  <t  St.  L 

Pittsburgh,  Fort  Worth  &  Chicago. . . 

Pittsburgh  Steel  pld 

Pittsburgh  &  West  Virgini:i 

Pittsburgh  &  West  Virginia  pfd 

Pressed  Steel  Car  Co 

Pressed  Steel  Car  Co.  pfd 

Public  Service  Corp.,  New  Jersey. .  .  . 

Pullman  Co 

Railway  Steel  Spring  Co 

Railway  Steel  Spring  Co.  pfd 

Ray  Consolidated  Copper  ($10) 

Reading  (S50) 

Reading  1st  pfd.  (-550) 

Reading  2d  pfd.  (S50) 

Rensselaer  &  Saratoga 

RepubUc  Iron  &  Steel  Co 

Republic  Iron  &  Steel  Co.  pfd 

St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 

St.  Louis  &■  San  Francisco  pfd 

St.  Louis  Southwestern 

St.  Louis  Soutliwestern  pfd   

Savage  Arms 

Saxon  Motor 

Seaboard  Air  I..ine 

Seaboard  Air  Line  pfd 

Sears,  Roebuck  &  Co 

Scars,  Roebuck  &  Co.  pfd 

Sliattuck  Arizona  Coppei(SlO) 

Sloss-Sheffield  Steel  &  Iron 

Sloss-Sheffleld  Steel  &  Iron  pfd 

South  Porto  Rico  Sugar 

South  Porto  Rico  Sugar  pfd 

Southern  Pacific. 

Southern  Pacific  trust  certs 

Soutiiern  Railway 

Souuteru  Railway  pfd 

Sotadard  Milling 

Standard  Milhng  pfd 

Studebaker  Co 

Studebaker  Co.  pfd 

Superior  Steel 

Superior  Steel  1st  pfd 

Texas  Co 

Texas  Pacific 


Capital 
Stock 
Listed. 


24,367,600 

124,026,600 

9,997,285 

12,^'35,900 

10,000,000 

247,044,800 

14,000,000 

6,000,000 

1 1 ,000,000 

7,000,000 

10,000,000 

157,117,900 

.58,113,900 

16,000,000 

120,542,000 

23,000,000 

29,779,700 

27,079,550 

247,998,400 

12,602,700 

36,723,325 

19,813,000 

15,000,000 

10,556,900 

7,630,200 

7,000,000 

1,150,000 

18,000,000 

30,494,705 

10,600,000 

499,265,700 

38,495,500 

10,000,000 

45,045,000 

12,429,000 

11,200,000 

6,995,800 

42,943,000 

10,000,000 

18,370,176 

30,857,900 

34,583,000 

84,516,100 

19,714,285 

10,500,000 

29,208,200 

8,762,100 

12,500,000 

12,500,000 

29,999,600 

120,000,000 

13,500,000 

13,500,000 

1.5,771,790 

70,000,000 

28,000,000 

42,000,000 

10,000,000 

27,352,000 

25,000,000 

46,432,000 

7,500,000 

16,356,200 

19,893,700 

8,490,800 

6,000,000 

20,254,500 

11,916,400 

60,000,000 

8,000,000 

3,500,000 

10,000,000 

6,700,000 

4,500,000 

3,995,000 

272,823,400 

1,086,400 

86,820,200 

57,832,800 

5,381,900 

6,488,000 

30,000,000 

10,965,000 

5,823.700 

2,286,100 

69,344,600 

38,760.000 


July  30 
1914 
High 


8 
12 


58 
82 


62  li 
19H 


101 

■76J4 
162  j-i 


18 
21 


108  H 

116?-4 


ITyi 


38;.i 


154 
2354 


18  H- 
152  ?i 


83 


20  li 
80  }i 


180 
122 


21 


S9 

'is' 

72 
33 


28 

82  K 


123 


1917. 


High.  Low. 


114 

8 '4 
26  J  8 
36  H 

156 

103  5-g 
38  >i 


57 

21 

40 

52  >^ 

29  !4 

28 'A 
138  J^ 

89  H 

72  Jl 

76 
110« 
125 
143  K 

54 
7% 
106 
IISH 


30  H 
34,'-^ 


98  M 
57?^ 
10614 
12 

36H 
73  H 
57 
35 
42 
98.1^ 


54  li 

90 

82 
160,' 4' 
102 

35  ?i 

68  " 

83,'i 
107 
131 
167Ji 

58 
101 

32 '4 
104  M 

45 

45« 


941^ 
Wo'i 

265/s 

42 

32 

63 
108 

68 

18 

39  !i 
238!..' 
127  ?i 

29:^4 

74  ?i 

99 
209 
114Vi 

98  H 
llO'i' 

70 'i 
100 'A 

90 'A 
110'^ 
108 -Si 

51  ?i 
102?; 
2^3 


99 
4>g 
16 
15M 
98 
62 'A 
10 


40 
12  k' 
34 
21 « 
17 
20 
925^ 
71 
39 
76 
75 
59 
31^ 
42  H 
3% 
51'A 
108 


18 
17 


87 
40  M 
35 
Hi 
12 
45 
37 
20 
24  }4 
88 


37  H 

74 

50 
154 

87 

18  Ji 

535^ 

49 

90 

97 
106M 

S6Vi 

SS'A 

19H 

60  J^ 

34 

33% 


69 
89 
12 

24 

32 

34 

53 
Hi 

■  7H 

16% 
123K> 
115 

15 

33  H 

98  M 
135 
100 

755i 

in 

21 M 

51  ^g 
77 'A 
78 
335^ 
So 
30 '4 
96 
14454 
11?^ 


1018  TO  NO\-RMBEB  9 


High.     Date.      Low.  I  Date. 


105  Ji 

10;-^ 

■■ilH 

35 
139 
83  H 
22 
58 
44 
27 
48  H 

45  Vs 
24  Ks 
21 

lll?i 

79 

52  J^ 
*72>4 
104 

70 

48 

46  Vi 
13 
70  M 

109 

45M 

35  M 

27 

72)4 
124 'A 

60 

61 

173-4 

64 

42 

37 

35'A 
102% 

19>4 

6834 

84 

58  j^ 
*130 

08 

38  J4 

81 

73 
100 
109  H 
129 

71 H 
102  H 

26  J4 
96 '4 
39 
40 

*114 

96 
102! -5 

16H 

33 

24 

40  H 

80'/$ 

12% 

11 

28  J4 
169 
120 

18 '-4' 

71 '4 

93  'f 

162 

105 

110 

*llH\i 

34!;,' 

73% 
118J--i 

S6 

72  >g 
100 

455^ 
100 
203 

27  >i 


May 

Nov. 

May 

Nov. 

May 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

May 

Oct. 

May 

Nov. 

Feb. 

Nov. 

Mar. 

Nov. 

April 

Nov. 

.4^ug. 

Oct. 

June 

June 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Feb. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

May 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Nov. 

Aug. 

Jan. 

June 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Mar. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

May 

Oct. 

May 

July 

Oct. 

May 

Sept. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Jan. 

May 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Sept. 

Oct; 

Sept. 

Feb. 

May 

July 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Nov. 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Oct.. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

May 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 


99  M 

4% 

nVi 

17 

9934 

67^ 

13^ 

55 

40 

18M 

42 

27 

18M 

14 
102 

69 

39 
*72M 

81^ 

56  ^^ 

35% 

40 
4M 

55 
107 

45  M 

23^ 

18^ 

63  k 

86 

43  M 

39  J^ 
4% 
9% 

52% 

30 

29% 

21 

89 

15 

42 

79  M 
50% 

■12434 

90 

22  Ji 

61 

56% 

93 

85 
100  H 

45  H 

95 

22  J^ 

70  H 

34H 

35 
100 

72  J-i 

92^ 
9% 

21 

19 

28 

53 
4H 
7 

15% 
13354 
116 

145^ 

39 

81 
120 
102 

80  M 
•114k 

20^ 
57 
85 
79 
33% 
80  H 
34  M 
95 

136H 
14 


Mar.  2 
May  7 
Mar.  25 
AprU  11 
Nov.  4 
Jan.  15 
Oct.  4 
July  24 
Oct.  8 
Jan.  9 
Jan.  2 
April  11 
Jan.  22 
Nov.  8 
Jan.  24 
Sept  17 
Aug.  7 
AprU  8 
Jan.  24 
July  11 
Mar.  25 
Oct.  2 
Jan.  22 
Nov.  2 
May  23 
Feb.  8 
Jan.  16 
Feb.  2 
Oct.  30 
Jan.  8 
June  27 
Jan.  2 
April  17 
April  30 
April  1 
April  5 
Jan.  18 
April  12 
Jan.  15 
Sept.  13 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  2 
July  17 
Oct.  17 
April  2 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  10 
May  28 
April  27 
Oct.  2 
Jan.  7 
Jan.  7 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  15 
June  17 
Mar.  30 
July  9 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  2 
April  3 
AprU  12 
Oct.  2 
Oct.  2 
Jan.  3 
Aug.  22 
April  17 
Aprm9 
June  8 
Aug.  31 
Oct.  9 
Jan.  24 
Feb.  28 
Sept.  30 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  24 
May  9 
April  30 
Jan.  16 
Jan.  9 
Jan.  25 
April  24 
July  3 
Mar.  25 
Feb.  16 
Jan.  7 
May    4 


440         Stock  and  Bond  Quotations  at  New  York  —Continued. 


Stocks. 


Texas  Pacific  l^arl  Tr 

Third  Avenue 

Tide  Water  oa 

Tobacco  Producis 

TobKcco  Products  pfd 

T.,  S.  L.  &  W.  c.  ol  d 

T.,  S.  L.  &  W.  pfd.  c.  of  d 

Twin  City  Rapid  Transit 

Underwood  Tyj>ewriter 

Union  Bag  &  Paper 

Union  Pacific 

Union  Pacific  pld 

United  Cigar  Stores 

United  Drug   

United  Drug  1st  pfd.  (S50) 

United  Drug  2d  pfd 

United  Dyewood 

United  Fruit  Co 

United  Paperboard 

United  Railways  Inv.  Co 

United  Railways  Inv.  Co.  pfd 

U.  S.  Cast  Iron  Pipe  &  Foundry  Co. . 
U.  S.  Cast  Iron  Pipe  &  Foundry  Co.  pfd 

U.  S.  Express ; 

U.  S.  Indus.  Alcohol 

U.  S.  Indus.  Alcohol  pfd 

U.  S.  Realty  4  Imp 

U.  S.  Rubber  Co 

U.  S.  Rubber  Co.  1st  pfd 

8.  Smelting,  R.  &  M.  (S50) 

S.  Smelting,  R.  &  M.  pfd.  ($50).. . . 

S.  Steel  Corp 

S.  Steel  Corp.  0fd 

Utah  Copper  (SIO) 

Utah  Securities  Corp 

Virginia-Carolina  Chemical 

Virginia-Carolina  Chemical  pfd 

Virginia  Iron,  Coal  &  Coke 

Wabash 

Wabash  pfd.,  A 

Wabash  pfd.,  B 

Wells  Fargo  Express 

Western  Maryland 

Western  Maryland  3d  pfd 

Western  Pacific  Railway 

Western  Pacific  Railway  pfd 

Western  Union  Tel 

Westinghouse  Electric  &  Mfg.  ($50)..  . 

Wej'man-Bruton  pfd 

Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie 

Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  pfd 

White  Motor  (S.W) 

Willys-Overland  (325) 

Willys-Overlaml  Did 

Wilson  &  Co 

Wilson  &  Co.  pfd 

Wisconsin  Central 

Woolworth  (F.  V/.)  Co 

Woolworth  (F.  W.)  Co.  pfd 

Worthington  Punip .  .  . .  . 


V. 

V. 
V. 

V. 


Capital 
Stock 
Lisletl. 


2,705,700 
16,590,000 
31,900,000 
10,000,000 

8,600,000 

8,250,900 

8,694,500 
22.000,000 

8.700,000 

9,839,800 

222,291,600 

99,543,500 

27,162,000 

19,992,000 

7,500,000 

9,105,200 
10,295,500 
50,320,900 

6,732,100 
20,400,000 
15,000,000 
12  100,300 
12,100,300 
10,000,000 
12,000,000 

6,000,000 
16,162,500 
30,000,000 
61,725,80(;- 
17,555,70(1 
24,317,5r)0 
508,495,200 
360,314,100 
16.244,900 
15,707..'-)0(; 
27.984,400 
20,012,200 

9,073,600 
64,383,200 
56,939,100 
27,249,600 
23,967,300 
46,181,600 

9,434,200 
43.728,800 
25,064,200 
99,817,100 
70,813,900 

4,600,000 
33,531,400 
10,281,900 
16,000,000 
41,606,875 
14,529,850 
20,000,000 
110,476,400 
16,147,900 
50,000,000 
12,500,000 
10,210,000 


July  30 
1914. 
HJgii. 

95 
36 


97 


4!4 

118^8 

80 


24 
9 


72  'A 
78^ 


99;<i 


55'/; 

107  "J 

51 3  i 

98 
37 


85 

14? 


56  J^ 

73?/^ 


2'A 


34 

92  >.^ 
116 


1917. 


High.  Low 


167  H 

48  M 
206  H 

80  H 
105 

10J4 

15 

95 

109  ^^ 
112 
'149'A 

85M 
127  J^ 

80 

54 

91 

33  VS 
llJi 
23  M 
24 'A 
63 

2ni 

171H 
108 

22H 

67 
114?i 

07  »i 

.52 '4 
136^4 
121!4 
118K 

2454 

46 
112}i 

77 

155-g 

68 

30 'A 
144 

23 

48 

18  H 

52 

99H 

56 
11554 

22  J^ 

505^ 

52  H 

38  M 
100 

84  M 
107 

54  M 
151 
126!^ 

37% 


131 

14 

165 

42  M 

86 

4 

8 

62 

83 

69}^ 

101 M 

69  "^ 
81'A 
64 
48 
74 
59 

105 

15H 
iVt 

W4 

10 

42 

16 

98'A 

88 

10 

45 

91 

40 

43% 

79  H 
102  K 

70  M 
9% 

26 

97 

46 
7 

36  M 

18 

70'4 

12 

35  "^ 

10  H 

35'A 

76 

33% 

112K'- 

7M 

16^ 

33% 

15 

69 

42 

96 

33 

99% 
113 

23  H 


1918   TO   NOVEMBER   9. 


High.     Date.      Low.      Date 


150 

21% 
190 

79% 
101 
7% 

16 

65% 
110% 

80 
137H 

76 

105  5i 
76 
50 
82 
61 

148 

22 

11 

20 

16% 

47% 

16>i 
137 

99 

26 

75% 

106  H 
50% 

46  H 
116H 
112% 

93 
16 

60% 
111 
73  H 
12 

44  H 
26!^ 
83% 
17% 
32 
24  H 
64 
05^ 

47  H 
♦100 

11% 
24 
49 
28  H 
85% 
70% 
98  H 
39% 

128H 

115 
69 


June  7 
Jan.  3 
Mar.  13 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  9 
Aug.  12 
Aug.  12 
Jan.  31 
Oct.  30 
May  13 
Oct.  19 
Nov.  9 
Oct.  22 
Oct.  19 
Mar.  9 
Nov.  8 
May  18 
Oct.  19 
May  7 
Oct.  21 
May  7 
May  16 
Feb.  1 
Nov.  7 
May  24 
Mar.  21 
Oct;  28 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  8 
Oct.  19 
Oct.  28 
Aug.  28 
Oct.  23 
Oct.  19 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  9 
July  27 
June  27 
Jan.  2 
June  26 
Jan.  15 
Feb.  15 
June  22 
June  20 
June  27 
April  15 
May  16 
Oct.  4 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  8 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  7 
Nov.  6 
Nov.  9 
Mar.  22 
Oct.  22 
Oct.  21 
Sept.  9 
Aug.  28 


130  H 
15% 

178 
48)^ 
87% 
4 

39% 
100 

65 
109% 

69 

83% 

69 

46 

77 

58 
116K 

2iy2 
4% 

lOH 

11}^ 

40 

14% 

97 

94% 
8 

51 

95 

36 

42 'A 

86% 
108 

76% 

33% 

98 

60 
7 

37 

20% 

63% 

12% 

20 

13 

46 

77% 

38% 
*100 
8 

17% 

36% 

15% 

75 

45% 

90% 

34 
110 
111 

34 


6 
15 
16 


June  3 
Sept.  20 
Jan.  IS 
Mar.  25 
Mar.  19 
June  19 
Mar.  15 
June  13 
April  9 
Jan.  24 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  3 
Mar.  28 
June  26 
Jan.  24 
June  27 
Sept.  24 
Jan.  16 
May  25 
Jan.  15 
April  9 
April  6 
Sept.  10 
AprU  19 
Nov.  7 
Sept.  17 
Mar. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
April  13 
April  12 
Mar.  25 
Mar.  25 
Mar.  25 
Sept.  16 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  16 
Jan.  5 
April  26 
Aug.  2 
Jan.  15 
Sept.  17 
Oct.  8 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Aug. 
Jan. 
Oct. 
April  22 
April  17 
Jan.  2 
Jan.  15 
Jan.  3 
Jan.  2 
Sept.  9 
May  2 
Mar.  25 
Oct.  2 
Jan.     4 


29 
2 
3 
2 

17 
4 


It  was  on  July  30,  1914,  that  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange  closed.     It  reopened  on  December  12,  1914. 
Prices  based  on  a  sale  of  less  than  100  shares  are  marked  with  an  *. 
LAST   SALES   OF   INACTIVE   STOCKS. 


Stock. 


American  Smelters  pfd.,  B .  . .  . 

Booth  Fisheries  1st  pld 

Car.,  Clinch.  &  Ohio 

Car.,  Clinch.  &  Ohio  pfd 

Chicago  &  Alton  pfd 

Chic.  &  E.  HI.  tr.  certs 

Chic.  &  E.  111.  pfd 

Chic,  St.  Paul,  M.  &.  O.  nfd. . 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburgh  (S50) . . 
Cleve.  &  mttsi.  (SoO)  spec,  grntd 

Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  pfd 

Cripple  Creek  Central 

Dayton  Pr.  &  Light  pfd 

Detroit  &:  Maijkinac 

Diamond  Match 

Du  Pont  Powder  pfd 

Eastman  Kodak 

Hav.  El.  Rys.,  L-  &  P.  pfd 

Holme  (G.  W.)  Co 

»Odd  lot. 


Sold. 


91} 
80 
22} 
50 
22 
4!- 
7! 
130 
80) 
♦50 
112 
33 
97 
*70 
130 
104} 
*605 
105 
190 


Date. 


Aug., 

Aug., 

Aug., 

Oct., 

Aug., 

Oct., 

April, 

April, 

April, 

April, 

Mar., 

Aug., 

Nov., 

July, 

Jan., 

Dec, 

Aug., 

May, 

Jan., 


1917 
1915 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1916 
1915 
1917 
1916 
1915 
1917 
1917 


Stock.. 


Hocking  Valley 

Keokuk  &  Deg  Moines  pfd. . . . 

Manhattan  Shirt  pfd 

M.,  St.  Paul  &  S.  S.  M.  I'sd  1. . 
Mobile  &  Birmingham  pfd.  .  . . 

Montgomery  Ward  pfd 

Monong.  Val.  Trac.  (S25) 

Nat.  Ry.  of  Mexico  1st  i)fd. . . 
New  York,  Lack.  &  Western .  . 

Northwestern  Tel 

Old  Dominion  (S25) 

Pabst  Brewing  pfd 

Pacific  Coast  2d  pfd 

Pacific  Tel.  &  Tel.  pfd 

R.  R.  Sec,  III.  C.  col 

Virginia  Ry.  &  Power 

Weyman-Bruton 

Westinghouse  Air  Brake 


Sold. 


112 

29 

102 

75% 

ifl^ 

16% 

15 
104% 

51 

70% 

92% 

72 

95H 
•60 

47% 
281 
111 


Date. 


April, 

Mar., 

Nov., 

Nov., 

Nov., 

April, 

Oct., 

Mar., 

June, 

Nov., 

April, 

Dec, 

Sept., 

Aug., 

Nov., 

Sept., 

Sept., 

Aug., 


1915 
1916 
1917 
1916 
1916 
1914 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1915 
1916 
1916 
1916 
1917 
1917 
1916 
1916 
1917 


Bond  Sales  on  New  York  Stock  Exchange. 


447 


BOND    SALES    ON    NEW    YORK   STOCK    EXCHANGE. 

(Week  ended  Nov.  9,  1918) 


1918 
Low. 


18 

18 

95H 

71 

97 

91 

80 

97  >S 

83% 

77 

93 


81 M 
86 
82 
117 
79 

61J-8 

81 H 

79 

71 M 

70 

95 

74 

6934 

93 

73  M 
753/8 
S5'A 
75% 
72 
80 
92 
78V;i 
86 
89  H 
94  M 
85 
79 
74 
74 
86^ 
85 
CO 
93 
72  M 

100 
85 
75 
94 
76 
67  K 
72 
35  }i 
78 
92 
89  Ji 
25 
64 
76}^ 
76 
77^ 
70  ?i 
64^4 
71 H 
95 

74  Ka 
82  H 
803-2 
62  H 
72 
853^ 
85 

102  H 
77 
73" 
63 
73 
82  H 
63 
783^ 
99 
79 
86 
79 


Stock. 


Alaska  G.  M.  cv.  6s,  Series  A . . 

Alaska  G.  M.  cv.  5s,  B 

Ala.  Midland  5s 

Alb.  &  Susq.  332S 

Am.  Ag.  Oil.  deb.  5s 

Am.  Ag.  Oh.  cv.  5s 

Am.  Cottoii  Oil  5s 

Am.  D.  &  Imp.  5s 

Am.  S.  &  R.  1st  OS 

Am.  T.  &  T.  col.  43 

Am.  T.  &  T.  cv.  6s,  sub.  rets., 

full  pd 

Am.  T.  &  T.  cv.  4s 

Am.  T.  &  T.  col.  tr.  5s 

Am.  T.  &  T.  cv.  43vS 

Am.  Tobacco  6.s. 

Am.  Wrappiug  Paper  5s 

Arm  Arbor  4s 

Armour  &  Co.  4J2S 

At.,  T.  &  S.  Fe  g.  4s 

At.,  T.  &  S.  l''e  adj.  4s 

A.,  T.  &  S.  Fe.  a.  4s,  sta 

A.,  K.  &  N.  5s 

A.  C.  L.  unified  4}-is 

A.  C.  L.,  L.  &  N.  uol.  4s 

Austin  &  N.  W.  OS 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  gold  4s.  .  .  . 

Baltimore  &  CUio  ref.  5s 

Bait.  &  Ohio  pr.  lien  33^s 

Bait.  &  Ohio  conv.  4  J.3S 

B.  &  O.,  P..  L.  E.  &  W.  Va.  4s. 

B.  &  O..  S.  W.  Div.  3HiS 

Bethlehem  Bl  cd  ext.  5s 

Bethlehem  «teel  pr.  inlg.  5a.  . 

Bethlehem  Steel  ret.  53 

Braden  Copper  6s 

B.  R.  T.  7s,  1921 

Brooklyn  Union  Gas  5s 

Bush  Terminal  43 

Bush  Terminal  5s 

Bush  Terminal  Buildings  5s .  . 

Cal.  Gas  &  E.  5s 

Canada  So.  5s 

Cent.  N.  E.  4s 

Central  Leather  5s 

C.  of  Ga.,  Chat.  Div.  4s 

Central  of  N.  J.  geu.  5s 

Central  Pacific  3  3^28. 

Central  Pacific  4s 

Ches.  &  Ohio  con.  53 

Ches.  &  Ohio  cv.  5s 

Ches.  &  Ohio  conv.  4348 

Ches.  &  OWo  gen.  432S 

Chicago  &  Alton  ZVis 

C,  B.  &  Q.  gen.  4s 

C,  B.  &  Q.  joint  4s 

C,  B.  &  Q.,  Neb.  ext.  4s 

C.  &  E.  I.  ref.  4s,  tr.  r 

CMC.  Gt.  Western  1st  4s 

C,  M.  &  St.  Paul  4s,  1925.  .  . 
C,  M.  &  St.  Paul  cv.  5s,  B. . . 

M.  &  St.  Paul  gen.  4J-$S..  . 
M.  &  St.  Paul  gen.  4s.  .  .  . 
M.  &  St.  Paul  ref.  4J4s.  .  . 
M.  &  St.  Paul  cv.  434  s 
M.  &St.  Paul,  W.  &  M 
M.  &  Puget  Sound  4s.  .  .  . 

C.  &  N.  W.  gen.  4s 

Chicago  Railways  5s 

C,  R.  I.  &  P.  ref.  4s 

C,  R.  1.  &  P.  gen.  4s 

C,  St.  Paul,  M.  &  O.  deb.  5s, 

Chicago  Union  Station  43/2S .  . 

Chicago  &  W.  Ind.  4s 

Chile  Copper  7s 

Chile  Copper  col.  tr.  6s.  . . . .  . 

Cliile  Copper  cv.  6s 

C,  C,  C.<fe  St.L.,  St.L.  Div.  4s 

Col.  Industrial  5s ■ 

Col.  &  South.  1st  4s 

Col.  &  South,  ref.  43^s 

Comp.-Tab.-Rec.  6s 

Consolidated  Gas  cv.  6s 

Dayton  &  M.  43^3 

Delaware  <fc  Hudson  cv.  5s .  . . 

Del.  &  Hudson  1st  &  ref.  4s. . 


8:: 

c, 
c 
c, 
c, 


5s. 


High. 


39 
36 

98y2 

76 
104 
9634 
85 
98  K 
92 
88 

105 

86 
97 

89  ?i 
117 

8834 
54  H 
883^8 

90  . 
81 
823-i 
95 
81 
81 
93 
85 
91 

903^ 
87 
83 
873-^2 
9534 
83 
90 
95 
95  H 
91 

82  3^ 
853^ 

83  M 
92  J4 
98 
67 
96 
72  M 

1063^ 
865/8 
84 
97 
90 
85 
843^ 
44  H 

9634 
95  M 
29 
68 

84  M 
94 
87  H 
82J/8 
81 
89 
98 
80 
85 
87 
80  3i 
82 
93 
90 
70 

116Vi 

89 

89  >g 

72 

76 

87 

82  34 

83 
108 

79 

97 

86  J  ^ 


Low. 


39 
34 

983'2 
76 
10034 

ir^ 

98>8 

8434 

10234 
86 
94 

8954 
117 
88 
54^8 
86 
86 
81 

78  J/8 

95 

81 

78J/e 

93 

793-^2 

8434 

89 

84 

76 

86  Ji 
95 
81?/, 
89 
96 
95 
91 
823^ 
82 
81 
91 
9534 
67 
953/2 
72% 

1063^ 
865-8 
84 
9634 
863^ 
80 
SO 
43 
84  Ji 
94  J4 
94 
29 
62 
84 
93 

87  "^ 
825^ 
74 
83 
98 
80 
85 
87 
74 
81 
93 
88 
62 

116 

87 

8734 

72 

76 

87 

7854 

83 
106 

79 

92  ?4 

86  5i 


1918 
Low. 


70 
63 

4834 

73 

62 

75 

90 

86 
100 

65 

4934 

42 

4234 

483-^ 

7534 

98 

97 

75 

94  ?4 

66  M 

85 

48  >^ 

1434 

87 

7134 

77  34 

0434 

81 

92 

48 

77^4 

90 

63  34 

9lj 

4034 

62 

73  M 

58 

7134 

73 

57 

66 

88 

8134 

82 

70 

78 

85    . 

8134 

97  34 

9634 

74 

90 

86 
IDS 

7154 

70 

72  34 

83 
107 

81 

7454 

72  34 

8534 

8634 

40 

80 

9434 

6034 

28 

40 

5534 

89  J4 

70 

8534 

8534 

55 

92 

40 

97 

9134 

77 

7534 

7434 

61 

86 


Stock. 


D.  &  R.  G.  Imp.  6a 

D.  &  R.  G.  con.  4s 

D.  &  R.  G.  ref.  5s 

Detroit  Tunnel  434s 

Detroit  United  43Js 

Dist.  Secur.  5s 

Dul.  &  I.  R.  1st  5s 

E.  Tenn.  reorg.  5s 

Erie  1st  con.  7s 

Erie  1st  con.  4s 

Erie  gen.  4s 

Erie  cv.  4s,  Series  A 

Erie  cv.  4s,  Series  B 

Erie  cv.  4s,  Series  D 

Erie  Penn.  col.  4s 

Erie  &  Jersey  Os 

Evans  &  T.  H.  6s 

Gen.  Baking  6s 

Gen.  Elec.  deb.  5s 

Gen.  Elec.  33-2S 

Great  Northern  ref.  43is 

Hud.  &  M.  u.  rel.  5s 

Hud.  &  M.  n.  adj.  Ss 

Illinois  Central  4s,  1951 

Illinois  Central  4r,  1953 

Illinois  Central  ref.  4s 

lUinois  Central,  L.  Div.  3  32S 

IlUnois  Steel  434s 

Indiana  Steel  5s 

Inter-Met.  43^s 

Int.  Rap.  Tran.  5s 

Int.  &  Gt.  Northern  6s 

Int.  Agricultural  5s 

Int.  Mercantile  .Marine  6s. . . 

Iowa  Central  ref.  4s 

K.  C,  Ft.  S.  &  M.  4s 

Kansas  City  So.  Ss 

Kansas  City  So.  3s 

Kansas  City  Ter.  4s 

Kentucky  Central  4s 

Keok.  &  D.  M.  1st  5s 

Kings  County  Elevated  4s. . . 
Lackawanna  Steel  5s,  1950.  . 

Lake  Shore  4s,  1931 

Lake  Shore  4s,  1 928 

Lake  Shore  334s 

Lake  Erie  &  W.  1st  5s 

Lelilgh  Valley  con.  432S 

Lehigh  Val.  of  N.  Y.  g.  4K.s. 
Lehigh  Val.  col.  6s.  t.  ctfs.  .  . 

Lehigh  Valley  Coal  5s 

Lehigh  Val.  of  Pa.  con.  4s . . . 

Lex.  &  East.  5s 

Liggett  &  Myers  5s 

Liggett  &  Myers  7s 

Long  Lsland  gen.  4s 

Long  Island  deb.  .5s,  1937 .  .  . 

Long  Island  ref.  4s 

Lorillard  5s 

Lorillard  7s 

Louisville  &  Nash,  unlf .  4s .  . 

Man.  Con.  4s,  t.  ex 

Michigan  Central  deb.  4s.  .  . 

Michigan  State  Tel.  5s 

Midvale  Steel  6s 

M.  &  St.  Louis  1st  &  r.  4s. . . 
M.  St.  Paul  &  S.  S.  M.  c.  -ts. 
M.  St.  Paul  &  S.  S.  M.  C.-5S. 

Mo.,  K.  &  T.  1st  4s 

Mo.,  K.  &T.  2d  4s 

Mo.,  K.  &  T.  l.st  &  r.  4s 

Mis.souri  Pacific  gen.  4s 

Missouri  Pacific  5s,  1923 .  .  . 
Missouri  Pacific  c.  5s,  196ri. 

Missouri  Pacific  5s,  1926 

Montana  Power  5s.  ........ 

Nassau  Electric  4s .  . 

N.  O.,  T.  &  M.  6s .-. 

N.  O.,  T.  &  M.  inc.  6s 

New  York  A  irbrake  Co.  6s .  . 
New  York  Central  deb.  6s. . . 
New  York  Central  ref.  434.S.. 

N.  Y.  C.  &  St.  L.  1st  4s 

N.  Y.  Central  deb.  4s,  1934.. 
N.  Y.,  C.  &  St.  L.  deb.  4s. . . 
N.  Y.  G.,  E.  L.,  H.  &  B.  5s.. 


High.     Low 


82 

77 

6234 

83 

763-^ 

86 
10034 

923^ 
100 

7834 

6234 

6634 

58 

60 

7934 
100 

97 

80 

9754 

72 

92 

68 

2054 

98>4 

82 

8634 

73}'i 

86 

95 

58 

84M 

94 

7b% 
10454 

51 

7434 

91H 

64 

78 

70 

70 

90 

9234 

9234 

73 

86 

91 

8934 
103 
100 

81 5/8 

9534 

93 
112 

75 

76H 

8234 

93 
112 

87  34 

8434 

84  H 

8934 

91 

63 

86 
102 

37 

44 
67  J4 
9234 
88 

89 

66; 

94^ 

3 
103  V: 

7% 
82, 
88' 
7434 
90H 


82 

lO'A 

62  54 

80  J4 

7334 

85  H 
10034 

92H 
100 

76 

683^ 

52 

5132 

56 

7934 

9934, 

97 

80 

9734 

72 

89 

0*34 

19 

93 

77 

82 

7334 

8534 

96 

5434 

8134 

94 

75 
10234 

46 

73 

84 

f.2 

78 

78 

67  34 

70 

88 

8734 

8834 

73 

86 

91 

8934 
10034 
100 

8154 

93 

91 
111 

75 

7634 

80 

9134 
11134 

8634 

80 

83  54 

8934 

8834 

49 

86 
101 

68 

3634 

44 

6234 

9254 

8634 

92  M 

88  Jl 

65 

94  J4 

56 

99^ 

9834 
8 

81 

86 

7434 
.90M 


448       Bond  Sales  on  New  York  Stock  Exchange — Continued. 


1918 
Low. 


68 
65 

82 
51 

63  « 

46 

17 

63 

74 

84 

45 

90  J^ 

79  H 

9>2-yi 
106M 
S3 
78  J^ 

80  J^ 
70 
77 
87 


Stock. 


N.  Y.  G.,  E.  L.,  H.  &  P.  4s..  . 
N.  Y.,  N.   H.  &  H.   non-cv 

deb.  4s.  1956 

N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  deb  6s 

N.  Y.,  N.  H.  &  H.  cv.  3Hs. . . 

N.  Y.,  O.  &  W.  ref.  4s 

N.  Y.  Railways  ref.  4s 

N.  Y.  Railways  adj.  5s 

N.  Y.  State  Railways  4;-is.  .  . 

N.  Y.,  Sus.  &  W.  ref.  5s 

N.  Y.  Telephone  4;^s 

N.  Y.,  W.  &  B.  4Hs 

Niagara  Falls  Power  1st  5s. .  . 

Northern  Pacific  4s 

Northern  Pacific  3s 

Northern  Pacific  ref.  i)4s. . .  . 
Northern  Pacific  Term.  6s. . . . 

Nor.  States  Pow.  5s 

Ore.  R.  &  N  c.  4s 

Ore.  Sh.  L.  gtd.  4s 

Ore.-Wash.  Ist  4s 

Pacific  Gas  &  Electric  5s 

Pacific  T.  &  T.  5s 


High. 


59 

941^ 
55  M 
71 
50 
21 

65  J^ 
78 
92 
64^ 
99  y, 
88  « 
64 

83  ;i 

107 

89)., 

84  H 
88  H 
80  K> 
85K. 
92?.^ 


Low. 


76 

59 
93 

55  « 
68 
4934 
20 
64  ?i 
78 
89  H 
62  J^ 
99  H 
84 
60}^ 
83  H 
107 
87  J^ 
84 'i 
87  J^ 
77 
85  )i 
92?i 


1918 
Low. 


82 
85  J^ 
92% 
79 
78 
95  ?i 
83 
73  H 
80  M 
92  >i 
63 
50 
62 

90  J^ 
72  H 

91 

66 
60 
44 

63  7^ 


Stock. 


Pacific  Coast  Cs 

Penn.  gen.  iy^s 

Penn.  con.  4Hs 

Perc  Marquette  1st  5s 

Phila.  Co.  cv.  5s,  1922 

Pierce  Oil  cv.  6s,  1920 

Pierce  Oil  cv.  6s,  1924 

Public  Service  5s 

Reading  gen.  4s 

Rep.  I.  &  S.  5s,  1940 

Rio  Grande  W.  1st  4s 

Rio  Grande  W.  col.  4s 

R.  I.,  Ark.  &  L.  4Hs 

St.  Louis,  I.  M.  &  S.  g.  53. .  .  . 
St.  L.,  I.  M.  &  S.  unit,  and 

ref.  4s 

St.  L.  «fe  S.  F.  Ry.  gen.  5s 

St.  L.  &  S.  F.  p.  1.  4s 

St.  L.  &  S.  F.  pr.  1.  5s,  Ser.  B. . 

St.  L.  &  S.  F.  adj.  6s 

St.  L.  &  S.  F.  inc.  6s 

St.  L.  S.  W.  1st  4s 


High. 


Low. 


84 

84 

95 '4 

91H 

97'/« 

97 

90 

85  >^ 

91 

S9% 

00  V. 

99  }4 

89 

86  M 

HO 

79 

90 '1- 

845^ 

93  H 

92 '4 

VI 

70 

61  V^ 

61 

mvi 

69"^ 

96 

96 

81  M 

SIJ^ 

97 

97 

67 '/, 

64 

81 

76  Ji 

76 

72^ 

MV, 

48  MJ 

TA 

72^ 

Range 

.    1918. 

Range 

,    1918. 

Stock. 

High. 

Low. 

High. 

High. 

Low. 

High. 

Low. 

67 

57 

St.  L.  S.  W.  con.  4s... 

67 

65 

64  }4 

101?^ 

Union  Pacific  fi.s 

104  H 

103 

65 

52 

St.  L.  S.  W.  IstTer.  5s. 

65 

62 

89 

82% 

Union  Pacific  cv.  4s. . . 

89 

87 

70  Vi 

59 

St.  P.,  K.  C.  S.  L.  4}^s. 

7QVi 

70Vz 

90  H 

84 

Union  Pacific  1st  43. .  . 

90  K 

87% 

100  M 

99  H 

St.  P.  &S.  C.  6s 

99  H 

99  H 

87  H 

75% 

Un.  Pac.  1st  &  ref.  48.. 

87-^ 

83% 

95 

91 K 

St.  P..  M.  &M.  4Hs.. 

91 « 

91 H 

67 

45 

U.  S.  R.  &  Imp.  5s.... 

67 

66^ 

80 

80 

St.P..M.&M.,E.M.4s. 

80 

80 

101 

100 

U.  S.  Rubber  6s 

100 

100 

66 

54M 

San.  An.  &  A.  P.  4s... 

06 

65 

87  H 

76 

U.  S.  R.  1st  &  ref.  5s.. 

S7'A 

84 

MM 

52 

Seab.  A.  L.  ref.  4s 

64 

62 

98 

93% 

U.  S.  Smelt,  cv.  6s.... 

97  J^ 

97  ?i 

60 

46  M 

Seab.  A.  L.  adj.  5s.... 

60 

58 

100  K 

84 

U.  S.  Steel  5s 

100% 

98 

72  Ki 

68  Ji 

Seab.  A.  L.  g.  4s,  sta.. 

72 

72 

99% 

96 

U.  S.  Steel  5s,  reg 

98 

98 

79  >g 

72 

Scioto  V.  &  N.  E.  43. 

76^ 

76  5^ 

85  Kb 

80 

Utah  P.  &  L.  5s 

85% 

85^ 

95 

81M 

Sinclair  Oil  7s 

95 

9iH 

97 'A 

90 

Va.-C.  Ch.  1st  5s 

96 

96 

98  W 

80 

Sincl.  Oil  7s,  with  war. . 

98 '.i 

97  H 

100 

94% 

Va.-Car.  Ch.  cv.  6s .  .  . 

100 

100 

109  K 

81 V^ 

So.  Pac.  conv.  6s 

109  >i 

102  M 

96H 

84% 

Virginian  Ry.  1st  5s.  . 

96  H 

91 

STH 

75  H 

So.  Pac.  conv.  4s 

87^ 

84  M 

94  H 

93 

Va.  Midland  gen.  5s.  . 

94% 

94% 

80 

70 

So.  Pac.  col.  4s 

80 

77  H 

72  H 

67% 

Va.  S.  W.  con.  5s 

70% 

70% 

86 

75  « 

So.  Pac.  ref.  4s 

86 

82  M 

96 

90 

Wabash  1st  5s 

96 

96 

100 

86?^ 

Southern  Railway  5s. . 

100 

95  H 

100  K 

96 

Wabash  Eq.  5s 

98 

98 

73 

59 

Southern  Rwy.  gen.  4s, 

73 

67 

98 

9iy, 

Western  Electric  5s. . . 

97 'A 

97 

97  M 

92  H 

Tenn.  C.  &  I.  gen.  53. . 

96 

95 

70  H 

57  Vs 

Western  Maryland  4s . 

70% 

62 

95!-« 

88 

Tenn.  Coal  cv.  6s 

94  Ji 

94  M 

86 

79% 

Western  Pacific  5s. .  .  . 

86 

83% 

lOW-i 

96  M 

Texas  Co.  deb.  6s ...  . 

100 

99  M 

88  M 

80 

W.  U.  Tel.  r.  e.  iy,s.  . 

88% 

88% 

95 

90 

T.  St.  L.  con.  5s 

94 

94 

80 

71M 

West  Shore  4s 

80 

80 

102 

79% 

Texas  &  Pac.  1st  5s. .. 

92 

88 

63 

56 

Wh.  &  L.  E.  con.  4s.  . 

63 

63 

59 

52  M 

Third  Ave.  ref.  43 ...  . 

58  K 

56  M 

98 

90  J^ 

Wilson  &  Co.  1st  6s... 

98 

96% 

38  J^ 

27  K 

Third  Ave.  adj.  5s. .  .  . 

37  H 

34 

81 

69% 

Wis.  Cent.  gen.  4s 

81 

79 

84 

77      T..St.L.&W.  D.  1.  3'^s. 

84 

83 

72 

67% 

Winston-S.  Sbd.  4s .  .  . 

72 

72 

GOVERNMENT,   STATE  AND  NEW  YORK  CITY  BONDS. 


Range 

1918. 

High. 

Low. 

102.50 

97.20 

98.60 

93.00 

98.00 

93.00 

99.00 

93.80 

98.  GO 

93.10 

99.10 

94.74 

98.00 

98.00 

107 

106 

99% 

94% 

96% 

88% 

89 

78 

102 

84 

102% 

84 

102 

84 

99 

81 J^ 

8;J% 

68 

97% 

88% 

96 

90% 

96;,f 

93% 

Stock. 


GOVERNMENT  BONDS, 
U.S.  L'y  3%s,  1931-47 
U.S.L'y  cv.  4s,  1932-47 
U.S.  L'y  2d  4s,  1927-42 
U.  S.  Liberty  1st  cv. 

4%  8,  1932-1947 

U.   S.   Liberty   2d   cv 

4%s,  1927-1942 

U.  S  L'y  3d  4  %s,  1928 
U.  S.  Liberty  4th  4%s 

1933-38 

U.  S.  4s,  coupon 

Am.  For  Secur.  5s 

Anglo-French  5s 

Argentine  5s 

City  of  Bordeaux  6s.  . 

City  of  Lyons  6s 

City  of  Marseilles  Os. 

City  of  Paris  63 

City  of  Tokio  5a 

Dom.  of  C.  5s,  1931.  . 
Dora,  of  C.  5s,  1926 .  . 
Dora,  of  C.  5s.  1921.  . 


High. 


100,00 
98,30 
98.00 

98.70 

98.10 
98.34 

98.00 

106% 
99% 
96% 
89 

102 

102% 

102 
99 
81 

97% 
96% 
96% 


Low. 


99.86 
98.10 
97.80 

98.20 

97.70 
97.76 

98.00 
106  Ji 

98% 

95 

88% 
100 

99% 
100 

98% 

81 

96% 

95% 

98 


Range,    1918 


High, 


104% 
92)^ 
92% 

99% 
104 

98% 

50 

106 

82% 
90% 
91% 
91% 
91% 
90% 
96% 
96% 


Low. 


94 

80% 

83% 

95% 

97% 

91% 

40 

106 

76 

85% 

85 

85 

85 

90 

87% 

96% 


Stock. 


GOV'T  BONDS— cont. 

French  Govt.  5%3 

Japanese  4%s 

Jap.    4%s,    2d    Series, 

German  stamp 

U.  K.  of  Gt.  B.  &  I. 

5%s.  1919 

U.  K.  of  Gt.  B.  &  I. 

5%8,  1919,  new 

U.  K.  of  Gt.  B.  &  I. 

5%s,  1921 

U.  S.  of  Mexico  4s. . .  . 

STATE    BONDS. 

N.  Y.  State  4%.s,  reg.. 

NEW  YORK  CITY  BONDS. 

3%.s,  May,  1954 

4s,  1955,  reg 

4s,  1957 

4s,  1958 

4s,  1959 

4s,  1959,  reg 

4%s,  1960 

4%s,  1960,  reg 


High. 


104% 
92 

86% 

99% 

104 

98% 
50 

106 

82 

90% 

91% 

91% 

91% 

90% 

96% 

96% 


liOW. 


102% 
90 

85% 

98% 

J  003-16 

97% 
50   . 

106 

82 

90% 

91% 

91% 

90% 

90% 

96% 

96% 


National  Wealth. 


449 


NATIONAL    WEALTH. 

Estimates  ol  National  wealth  depend  unon  the  theory  behind  the  estimate.  They  vary  considerably 
lor  that  reason.  In  some  countries,  where  the  income  of  the  nation  is  the  basis  of  calculation,  it  is  multi- 
plied sometimes  by  5,  sometimes  by  as  much  as  7,  to  produce  a  total  expressive  of  national  wealth.  Most 
countries  found  their  calculation  on  the  total  valuation  of  all  forms  of  property  without  regard  to  Income 
therefrom.  This  is  the  custom  In  the  United  States.  In  Germany,  France,  and  other  European  countries, 
foreign  investments  by  the  inhabitants  are  included  in  the  total  of  property  valuations.  The  ai-gument 
against  basing  estimates  of  National  wealth  on  income  is  that  when  crops,  for  example,  are  scarce,  they 
rise  in  price  out  of  proportion  to  their  scarcity  and  give,  for  that  and  other  fundamental  reasons,  a  false 
notion  of  actual  permanent  national  wealth.  In  1900,  1904,  and  1952  the  Census  Bureau  at  Washington 
estimated  the  national  wealth  of  the  United  States  on  the  following  basis: 


Form  of  Wealth. 

1904. 

1912. 

FOKM    OF    WEALTH. 

1904. 

1912. 

Real  property  taxed 

Real  property  exempt .... 
Live  stock 

Dollars. 

55,510,247,564 
6,831,244,570 
4,073,791,736 
844,989,863 
1,998,603,303 
3,297,754,180 

11,244,752,000 

Dollars. 

98,362,813,569 
12,313,519,502 
6,238,388,985 
1,368,224,548 
2,616,642,734 
6,091,451,274 
16,148,532,502 

Priv.  owned  waterw'ka. 
Priv.  owned  central  elec- 
tric It  and  pwr.  atat'g. 

Total ' 

Dollars. 

275,000,000 

562,851,105 

Dollars. 

290,000,000 

2,098,613,122 

Farm  imp.  and  mach 

Gold  and  ail.  coin  and  bul. 

4,840,546,909 

10,265,207,321 

Mfg.  mach.,  toola,  &c 

Bailroada  and  equipment. 

All  other: 
Agricultural  products. .  . 
Manufacturing  products 
Imported  merchandise  . 

Mining  products 

Cloth'g  and  per.  orn'ts. 
Furniture,  carriages,  &c. 

Total 

1,899,379,652 
7,409,291,668 
495,543,685 
408,066,787 
2,500,000,000 
5,750,000,000 

5,240,019,651 
14,693,861,489 
826,632,467 
815,552,233 
4,295,008,593 
8,463,216,222 

Total 

83,801,383,216 

143,139,573,114 

Street  railways,  &c.: 

2,219.966,000 
227,400,000 
585,840,000 
123,000,000 
846,489,804 

4,596,563,292 
223,252,516 

1,081,433,227 
123,362,701 

1,491,117,193 
360,865,270 

Telegraph  aystema 

Telephone  eystema 

Pull,  and  private  carg. . . 

18,462,281,792 

34,334,290,655 

Shipping  and  canala .... 
Irrigation  enterprises..  . 

Grand  total 

107,104,211,917 

187,739,071,090 

Including  live  stock  ou  farms  and  ranges  and  in  cities  and  towns. 

United  States  National  wealth  in  previous  yeais:  (1850),  $7,135,780,000;  (1860),  816,159,616,000; 
(1870),  830,068,518,000;  (1880),  843,642,000,000;  (1890),  865,037,091,000;  (1895),  877,000,000,000;  (1900), 
888.517,306,776. 

An  unoflftcial  estimate  of  the  National  wealth  of  the  United  States,  as  of  December  31,  1917,  was 
8220,000,000,000. 

There  has  been  no  oflflcial  Census  appraisal  of  United  States  National  wealth  since  1912,  but  the  De- 
partment of  Commerce's  estimate  for  1916  was  8228,000,000,000.  In  1918  the  Research  Division  of  the 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  of  the  Department  of  Commerce,  made  the  following  statement: 

UNITED  STATES. 


Population. 

Nat'l  Wealth. 

Public   Debt. 

GOVERN.MEN'T   FINANCE. 

Year. 

Number 

Year. 

Dollars. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Year. 

Revenue. 

Expend'ure. 

D'bt  chgs. 

1917 

103,500,473 

1904 
1912 

107,104,000,000 
187,739,000,000 

1917,  June  30 
1917,  Nov.  30 

$1,908,635,224 
5,615,845,918 

1916-17 

$3,882,068,711 

$3,083,476,791 

$24,742,129 

FRANCE. 


1911 
1913 


39,601,509 
39,700,000 


1908 
1908 


$43,425,000,000 
55,391,000,000 


1917,  May  31 


$17,870,449,000 


1916 
1917 
1918 


$837,620,000 


1,262,606,000 


$6,298,735,000 
8,655,471,000 
1,507,098,755 


$579,9687474 
938,559,000 
945,515,253 


UNITED   KINGDOM. 


1914 
1915 


36,960,684 
35,358,896 


1905 
1903 
1908 


$55,478,100,000 
72,997,500,000 
67.012,000.000 


1916,  Mar.  31 
19)7,  Mar.  31 

1917,  Dec.  31 


$10,693,838,086 
19,011,687,800 
26,886,439,200 


1915-16 
1916-17 


|$1,638,875,754 
2,790,585,328 


$7,587,644,242l$293,203,272 
10,697,115,503  619,264,629 


Notes:  United  States — Estimates  of  the  national  wealth  are  by  the  United  States  Bureau  of  the 
Census.  No  estimate  of  income  has  been  made.  Figure  of  debt  for  June  30,  1917,  includes  885,000,000 
of  loans  to  the  Allies;  the  iigure  for  November  30,  1917,  includes  33,164,129,750  of  such  loans.  The  revenue 
includes  82,428,017.800  raised  by  borrowing;  expenditure  includes  8677,544,782  of  redemptions  of  public 
debt  and  $885,000,000  oi  louns  to  Allies.     Debt  charges  represent  Interest  on  public  debt. 

France — Census  ligures  of  population  are  given  tor  1911,  and  an  official  estimate  for  1913;  later  esti- 
mates not  available.  The  two  estimates  of  wealth  are  unofficial.  The  first  is  by  A.  de  Lavergne  et  Paul 
Henry,  in  La  Richesse  de  la  Francs,  Paris,  1908,  who  estimated  the  wealth  of  France  at  225,000,000,000 
francs,  and  the  national  income  at  22,500,000,000  to  27,500,000,000  francs.  The  figure  of  income  here 
given  is  a  mean  of  the  two  amounts.  The  other  estimate  of  wealth  is  quoted  from  an  Argentme  publication 
(287,000,000,000  francs).  The  figure  of  debt  for  May  31,  1917,  is  an  estimate  by  the  Economiste  Europeen 
Of  September  7,  1917.  The  expenditure  for  1916  is  "authorized  expenditure."  The  figures  for  1917  are 
given  as  cabled  here  on  February  18,  1918:  official  figures  are  not  available.  The  data  of  revenue,  expendi- 
ture, and  debt  charges  for  1018  are  budget  figures,  the  expenditure  representing  civu  expenditure  only, 
as  the  war  expenditure  cannot  be  forecasted.  The  franc  has  been  converted  at  the  rate  of  19.3  cents.  The 
fleflcit  in  revenues  for  1918  is  to  be  made  good  by  new  taxation  and  increase  of  existing  rates. 

United  Kingdom — The  figure  of  population  for  1915  is  an  estimate  of  the  number  of  civiliana  on  June 
30,  1915.  Later  estimates  not  available.  Tne  estimate  of  wealth  and  income  for  1905  is  by  I-.  G.  Chiozza 
Money;  that  for  1903  is  by  Sir  Robert  Giften  in  "The  Wealth  of  the  Empire  and  How  It  Should  Be  Used. 
The  estimate  for  1908,  giving  13,770,000,000  pounds  sterling,  ia  quoted  in  an  Argentine  publication  by 
Dr.  Alejandro  E.  Bunge.  The  figures  of  public  debt  and  expenditure  include  advances  to  Allies  and  British 
Dominions  which  amounted  to  1,260,000,000  pounds  sterling  or  $6,131,790,000,  on  September  29,  1917. 
Actual  revenue  and  expenditure  are  shown.     The  pound  sterling  has  been  converted  at  the  rate  of  84.8665. 

National  wealth  of  other  nations— Argentina  (1916),  813,865,000,000;  Denmark  (1900).  52.000^000,000; 
Germany  (1908),  883,000,000.000;  Russia  In  Europe,  860,000,000,000;  Italy,  §20,000,000  000;  Belgium, 
Serbia,  Roumania,  815,000,000,000;  Austria-Hungary,  865,000,000,000;  Turkey,  Bulgaria,  84,000,000,000. 
The  figures  for  Russia  and  countries  following  that  in  the  list  were  compiled  by  Prof.  E.  L.  Bogart  lor  tno 
Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace. 


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r.easonable   and    proper.     Muuicipalitie.s 
16;  intersections  of  streets  and  roads  8; 
elsewhere     25.       Headlights     must     be 
dimmed  in  business  sections. 

Reasonable  and  proper,  with  due  regard  for 
trafftc.     Municipalities  15;  street  inter- 
sections, etc.,  10.    Bridges,  curves,  etc., 
12.     In  certain  rural  municipalities  20. 
Stop  for  standing  street  cars.    Approved 
non-glare    lights    shall    be    used.      No 
searchlight  must  be  attached  to  vehicle. 

Reasonable  and  proper  so  as  not  to  be 
dangerous  to  public.    Stop  for  stationary 
cars.     Front  lighta  shall  be  permanently 
dimmed  so  as  to  prevent  any  glare. 

Reasonable  and   proper.     Open   country 
25  miles  per  hour.    Wooded  country  15. 
Municipalities  15.     Stop  back  of  street 
ears  receiving  or  dishcarging  passengers. 
No  searchlight  or  intermittent  flashlight 
to  be  carried  on  a-,itoinobil('S. 

^2i 

Front  and  rear. 
SI.   Light  Buff 
—Red. 

l-ront  and  rear. 
Plates  replaced 

SI. 

For    1918   rear. 
Green  — 
White.         For 
1919       both 
front  and  rear. 

Black         back- 
ground      with 
Yellow  figures. 

s 

■a 
S 

3 
O 

Exempt  for  period 
granted   by  visi- 
tor's   State,    ex- 
cept taxicabs,  etc. 

& 

o 

n 

.^ 
p, 

a 

Exempt   30   day? 
with  home  tags. 
Permit  to  be  dis- 
played on  wind- 
shield. 

Touring       permit 
granted  lor  sixty 
days  free.    Auto- 
mobiles must  be 
registered  with 
Supt.   Provincial 
Police   upon   en- 
tering   province. 
No  fee. 

Mo5 

.9  a 
03 

.$5  for  chauf- 
feur's or  op- 
erator's     li- 
cense. 
Chauffeur's 
Badge    sup- 
plied free  of 
charge. 

Chauffeur  S5. 
Badge    pro- 
vided. 

Chauffeur  S5 
Badge     pro- 
vided. 

Chauffeur'.' 
license  is  $5, 
annually. 
Badge     i)n)- 
vided. 

if  Taxed  as 
Persona,l 
Property. 

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p. 

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13 

Annually,     Director     of     Auto     Bureau, 
Quebec.     70  cts.  per  il.  P.  or  fraction 
tiiereof.     The  horsepower  is  calculated 
according    to   the   following    formula: 
D  X  N  X  C  in  which  D— Bore 

10                          C — stroke 
Additional  plates  SI.     Fees  to  road  im- 
provements, less  administration. 

Annually,  April  1.  Municipal  Commission, 
$10.    After  October  1  and  until  April  1, 
one-half  fee.     All  lees  to  Consolidated 
Revenue  fund  of  the  Province. 

Annually.  Provincial  See.     To  25  H.  P. 
SIO:  over  25  K^  P.  S15.    Manufacturer's 
rr.ting.      Change   anticipated    for    1919. 

Annually.   Supt.   Provincial   Police.     $10 
registration    fee    and    .$10    license    fee 
In  eases  of  new  registration,  license  fee 
i.i  reduced  SI  per  month  from  Ai)ril.  i.  »' 
a  car  registered   In  the  month  of  Aiiril 
is  charged  $10  for  registration  fee  and  .'Sti 
for  license  for  the  remainder  of  the  year; 
iu  May  $10  reeiitration  and  $8  license, 
tn  June  $10  reglstraliou  and  S7  license, 
etc.     Once  registered  the  annual  llccns- 
fee  is  SIO.    Should  license  plates  become 
defaced  or  lost  a  charge  of  S2  is  made 
for  new  ones.    No  charge  made  lor  trans- 
ferring license  from  one  party  to  another 

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Sporting  Records. 


461 


E^CLSSH    DERBY    WENNERS-1  780-1  91  8. 


YB. 


1780 
1781 
1782 
1783 
1784 
1785 
1786 
1787 
1788 
1789 
1700 
1791 
1792 
1793 
1794 
1795 
1796 
1797 
1798 
1799 
1800 
1801 
1802 
1803 
1804 
1805 
1806 
1807 
1808 
1809 
1810 
1811 
1812 
1813 
1814 
1816 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
1830 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1841 
1842 
1843 
1844 
1845 
1846 
1847 
1848 
1849 


Horse. 


Diomed 

Y.'lEclipse 

Assassin 

Sal  tram 

Sergeant 

Aim  well 

Noble 

Sir  Peter  Teazle 

Sir  Thomas 

Sky  Scraper .  . . 
Rhadamanthus 

Eager 

Jolin  Bull 

Waxy 

Daidalus 

Spread  Eagle.  . 

Didelot 

Sis.  to  Pharam'd 
Sir  Harry .... 
Archduke.  . . . 

Champion 

Eleanor 

Tyrant 

Ditto 

Hannibal 

Card'l  Beaufcrl 

Paris 

Election 

Pan 

Pope 

Whalebone 

Phantom 

Octavlus 

Smolensko.  .  .  . 

Blucher 

Whisker 

Prince  Leopolcl. 

Azar 

Sam 

Tiresias 

Sailor 

Gustavus 

Moses 

Emilias 

Cedric 

Middleton 

Lapdog 

Mameluke 

Cadlaud 

Frederick 

Priam 

Spaniel 

St.  Giles 

Dangerous 

Plenipotentiary . 

Mundig 

Bay  Middleton. . 

Phosphorus 

Amato 

Bloomsbury .... 
Little  Wonder .  . 

Coronation 

Attila 

Cotherstone .... 

Orlando 

Merry  Monarch 

Pyrrhus 

Cossack 

Surplice 

The  Flying 
Dutchman .  .  .  *. 


Owner. 


SirE.  Bunbury. . 

Mr.  O'KeUy 

Lord  Egremont. . 

Mr.  Parker 

Mr.  O'Kelly .... 
Lord  Clermont . . 

Mr.  Pauton 

Lord  Derby 

Prince  of  Wales . 
Duko  of  Bedford 
Lord  Grosvenor. 
Duke  of  Bedford 
Lord  Grosvenor. 

Sir  P.  Poole 

Lord  Grosvenor . 
Sir  P.  Standish.. 
Sir  P.  Standish.. 
Duke  of  Bedford 
iMr.  Cookson. . . . 
Sir  F.  Standish. . 

Mr.  Wilson 

SirC.  Bunbury. . 
Duke  of  Grafton 
Sir  H.  Williams'n 
Lord  Egremont. . 
Lord  Egremont.. 

Lord  Foley 

Lord  Egremont.. 
Sir  H.  Williams'n 
Duke  of  Grafton 
Duke  of  Grafton 
Sir  J.  Shelly.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Ladbrooke. . 
SirC.  Bunbury. . 
Lord  Stawell .... 
Duke  ot  Grafton 
Duke  of  York... 

Mr.  Payne 

Mr.  TtiornhiU... 
Duke  of  Portl.and 
Mr.  Thornhill. . . 

Mr.  Hunter 

Duke  ot  York.. . 

Mr.  Uduey 

Sir  J.  Shelly.  .  .  . 

Sir  J.  Shelly 

Lord  Egremont.. 

Lord  Jersey 

Duke  of  Rutland 
Mr.  Gratwicke. 
Mr.  Chlf  ney .  . . 
Lord  Lowther.. 
Mr.  Rldsdale. .. 
Mr.  Saddler . . . 
Mr.  Batsou. .  . . 
Mr.  Bowes.  ,  .  . 

Lord  Jersey 

Lord  Berner.  .  .  . 
Sir  G.  Heathcote 
Mr.  W,  Rldsdale 
Mr.  Robertson .  . 
Mr.  Rawlinson. . 
Colonel  Anson.  . 

Mr.  Bowes 

Colonel  Peel .... 
Mr.  Gratwicke. . 

Mr,  Gully 

Mr.  Pedley 

Lord  Clifden 

Lord  Eglintou. . . 


Jockey. 


S.  Arnull. 

Hlndley. 

S.  Arnull. 

Hindley. 

J.  Arnull. 

Hindley. 

J.  White. 

S.  Arnull. 

W.  Smith. 

Chitney,  Sr 

J.  Arnull. 

Stephenson. 

Buckle. 

Clift. 

Buckle. 

A.Wheatley 

J.  Arnull. 

J.  Singleton. 

S.  Arnuil. 

J.  Arnull. 

Clift. 

Sandens. 

Buckle. 

Clift. 

W.  Arnull. 

Fltzpatrick. 

Shepherd. 

J.  Arnull. 

CoUinsou. 

<3oodisou. 

Clift. 

Buckle. 

W.  Arnull. 

Goodison. 

W.  Arnull. 

Goodison. 

Wheatley. 

Robinson. 

S.  Chifney. 

Clift. 

S.  Chllney. 

S.  Day. 

Goodison. 

Buckle. 

Robinson. 

Robinson. 

Dockeray. 

Robinson. 

Robinson. 

Forth. 

S.  Day. 

Wheatley. 

Scott. 

Chappie. 

Conolly. 

.Scott. 

Robinson. 

G.  Edwards, 

Chappie. 

Tsmpleman . 

Macdonald. 

Conolly. 

Scott. 

Scott. 

Flatman. 

F.  BeJl. 

S.  Day. 

Templeman 

Templeman 

Marlow. 


Yh. 


1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1857 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1861 
1862 
1863 
i864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 

1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1S99 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


Hoi-se. 


Voltigeur 

Teddington's .  .  . 
Daniel  O'Rourke 
West  Australian 

Andover 

Wild  Dayrell .  . . 

Ellington 

Blink  Bonny.. . . 

Bladsman 

Misjld 

Thormanby.  .  .  . 
Kettledrum.  .  .  . 

Caractus 

Macaroni 

Blair  Athol 

Gladiateur 

Lord  Lyon 

Hermit 

Blue  Gown 

Pretender 

Kingcraft 

Favonuis 

Cremorne.  ..... 

Doncaster 

George  Frederich 

Galopin 

Kisber 

Silvio 

Sef  ton 

Sir  Bevys .... 

Bend  Or 

Iroquois 

Shotover 

St.  BIg,ise .... 
♦Harvester . . . 
*St.  Gatien. ., 

Melton 

Ormonde 

Merry  Hampton 

Ayrshire 

Donovan 

Sainfoin 

Common 

Sir  Hugo 

Isinglass 

Ladas 

Sir  Visto 

Persimmon . . . 
Galtce  More. . 

Jeddah 

Flying  Fox 

Diamond  Jubilee 
Volodyovski. . . . 
Ard  Patrick .... 

Rock  Sand 

St.  Amaut 

Cicero 

Spearmint 

Orby 

Slgnorinetta. .  .  . 

Minoru 

Lemberg 

Sunstar 

Tagalie 

Aboyeur 

Durbar  II 

Pommern 

Fifinella 

Gay  Crusader. . . 
Gainsborough. . . 


Owner. 


Lord  Zetland... . 
Sir  J.  Hawley. . . 

Mr.  Bowes 

Mr.  Bowes 

Mr.  GuJly 

Mr.  Popham. . . . 
A.dm.  Harcourt. . 
Mr.  W.  I.  Anson 
Sir  J.  Hawley . . . 
Sir  J.  Hawley. . . 

Mr.  Merry 

Col.  Towneley.  . 
Mr.  C.  Snewny. . 
Mr.  R.  C.  Naylor 
Mr.  W.  I.  Anson 
Co't  de  Lagrange 

Mr.  Sutton 

Mr.  H.  Chaplin. 
Sir  J.  Hawley.  . . 
Mr.  J.  Johnstone 
Lord  Falmouth. . 
BaronRothschlld 
Mr.  H.  Savile... 
Mr.  J.  Merry.  .  . 
Mr.  Cartwrlght. 
Cou't  Balthyany 
Mr.  Baltazzi. . . 
Lord  Falmouth. 
Mr.  Crawford. . 

Mr.  Acton 

Duke  of  Westm'r 
Mr.  Lorillard. 
Dulce  of  Westm'r 
Sir  F.  Johnstone 
Sir  J.  WiUoughby 
Mr.  Hammond 
Lord  Hastings. 
Duke  of  Westm'r 
Mr.  Abington. . 
Duke  of  Portland 
Duke  of  Portland 
Sir  J.  Miller 
Sir  F.  Johnstone 
Lord  Bradford.  . 
Mr.  McCalmont. 
Lord   Rosebery.. 
Lord   Rosebery.. 
Prince  of  Wales. 
Mr.  Gubbins. . . . 
Mr.  Larnach. . . . 
Duke  of  Westm'r 
Prince  of  Wales. 

Mr.  Whitney 

Mr.  Gubbins... . 
Sir  J.  MUler.  .  .  . 
L.  de  Rothschild 
Lord  Rosebery . . 
Major  Loder. . . . 

Mr.  Croker 

Chev.  Ginistrelli. 
King  Edward . . . 

Mr.  Fairie 

Mr.  J.  B.  Joel.. . 
Mr.  Raphael.. . . 

Mr.  Cunliffe 

H.  B.  Duryea. . . 

Mr.  S.  Joel 

Mr.  E.  Hulton .  . 

Mr.  Fairie 

Lady  J.  Douglass 


Jockey. 


J.  Marson. 

J.  Marson. 

F.  Butler. 

F.  Butler. 

A.  Day. 

R.  Sherwood 

Aldcroft. 

Charlton. 

Wells. 

Wells. 

Custance. 

Bullock. 

J.  Parsens. 

T.  Chaloner. 

J.  Snowden. 

H.  Grimsh'w 

Custance. 

J.  Daley. 

Wells. 

J.  Osborne. 

T.  French. 

T.  French. 

Maidment. 

F.  Webb. 

Custance. 

Morris. 

Maidment. 

F.  Archer. 
Constable. 

G.  Fordham 
F.  Archer. 
F.  Archer. 
T.  Cannon. 
C.  Wood. 
C.  Wood. 
S.  Loates. 
F.  Archer. 
F.  Archer. 
J.  Watts. 

F.  Barrett. 
T.  Loates. 
J.  Watts. 

G.  Barrett. 
Allsop. 
T.  Loates. 
J.  Watts. 
S.  Loates. 
J.  Watts. 
C.  Wood. 
O.  Madden. 
M.   Cannon. 
H.  Jones. 
L.  Reifi. 
J.  H.  Martin 
Maher. 
K.  Cannon. 
Maher. 
Maher. 
J.  Reiff. 
W.   Bullock. 
H.  Jones. 
B.  Dillon. 
G.  Stern. 
J.  Relff. 
Piper. 

M.  MacGee. 
S.  Donoghue 
J.  Childs. 
S.  Donoghue 


*  Dead  heat,  stakes  divided.  ,         ,^       j  .a,,i        t-.i„. 1 1^  n,!ioa 

The  1918  race  (June  4)  was  the  Derby  Stakes,  6.500  sovereigns;  for  colts  and  fllUes.   Distance  IJi  mUes. 
Blink,  owned  by  Maj.  Wal«or£  Astor,  was  second:  Treclare,  third,  owned  by  Sir  W.  J.  Tatem. 


COMPARATIVE    SPEEDWAY    TIMES. 


MILES. 


10... 
20.., 
25.., 
50... 
76... 
100... 


Brook  lands 
(Concrete.) 


None. 

None. 
*13:24. 

28:18.65 
*41:33  27 

56:29  0 


Indi'ap'lLs 

(Brick) 
2H  Mila?. 


6:43.70 
13:25.76 
16:45.88 
33:21.80 
60:02.77 
1:07:30.4.':. 


Chicago 
(Board) 
2  Miles. 


5:55.70 
11:40.92 
None. 
29:17.57 
None. 
58:54.20 


Sheepsh'd 

B.  (Board) 

2  Miles. 


5:45.92 
11:24.67 
None. 
28:04.63 
None. 
56:57.72 


Miles. 


150. 
200. 
250. 
300. 
350. 


Brooklands 
(Concrete.) 


1:28:35.67 
2:05:06.28 

*2:33:24.93 
3:07:45.46 

*3:36:04.11 


Indl'ap'lls 

(Brick) 
2M  Miles. 


1:40:38.15 
2:14:29.58 
z:47:06.54 
3:19:32.87 
3:54:41.15 


Chicago 
(Board) 
2  MUes. 


1:31:18.00 
2:02:17.70 
2:03:31.16 
3:03:49.18 
3:34:11.37 


Sheepsh'd 

B.  (Board) 

2  MUes. 


1:27:10.93 
1:56:21.40 
2:26:24.70 
2:55:32.23 
3:24:42.00 


»  Unofficial. 


46'2 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


SPEED   TABLE. 
(Equivalent  M.  P.  H.  Chart  for  Sheepshead  Bay  Speedway.) 


MILES  FEB 

1  Lap, 

5  Laps, 

25  Laps, 

50  Laps, 

100  Laps, 

150  Laps, 

175  Laps, 

HOUR. 

2  Miles. 

10  Miles. 

50  Miles. 

100  Miles. 

200  Miles. 

300  Miles. 

350  Miles. 

Min 

Sec. 

Min 

Sec. 

Min 

.Sec. 

Hr. 

Min 

Sec. 

Hr. 

Min 

Sec. 

Hr. 

Min 

Sec. 

Ht.  Min 

Sw. 

75 

86.0 

8 

00.0 

40 

00 

20 

00 

2 

40 

00 

4 

00 

(K> 

4      40 

00 

70 

34.7 

7 

53.7 

39 

28 

18 

57 

2 

37 

54 

3 

56 

51 

4      37 

18 

77 

33.. 5 

7 

47.5 

38 

58 

17 

.%'■■, 

2 

35 

51 

o 

53 

46 

4 

32 

4,1 

78 

32 . 3 

7 

41.5 

38 

28 

1 

16 

55 

2 

33 

51 

3 

.50 

46 

4 

1^9 

13 

79 

31.1 

7 

35.7 

37 

58 

15 

57 

2 

31 

51 

3 

47 

51 

4 

2.5 

49 

SO 

30.0 

7 

30.0 

37 

30 

15 

00 

2 

30 

00 

3 

45 

00 

4 

1-.2 

30 

81 

2S.8 

7 

24.4 

37 

02 

14 

04 

o 

28 

09 

3 

42 

13 

4 

19 

15 

82 

27.  S 

7 

19.0 

36 

35 

13 

10 

2 

26 

20 

3 

39 

31 

4 

16 

0« 

83 :• 

26.8 

7 

13.7 

36 

09 

12 

17 

2 

24 

35 

3 

36 

52 

4 

13 

00 

84....... 

25.7 

7 

08.6 

35 

43 

11 

26 

2 

22 

51 

3 

34 

17 

4 

1(» 

as 

85 

24.7 

7 

03.5 

35 

18 

10 

35 

2 

21 

U 

3 

33 

46 

4 

<»7 

07 

se 

23.7 

6 

58.0 

34 

53 

09 

46 

2 

19 

52 

3 

29 

18 

4 

(,>4 

08 

87 

22,8 

6 

53.8 

34 

29 

08 

58 

9 

17 

50 

3 

20 

,54 

4 

01 

22 

88 

21.8 

6 

49.1 

34 

05 

08 

11 

2 

16 

22 

3 

24 

33 

3 

5S 

38 

89 

20 . 9 

6 

44.5 

33 

42 

07 

25 

2 

14 

.50 

3 

22 

15 

3 

55 

57 

90 

20.0 

6 

40.0 

33 

20 

06 

40 

2 

13 

20 

3 

20 

(M) 

3 

53 

20 

91 

19.1 

6 

35.6 

32 

58 

05 

56 

2 

H 

52 

3 

17 

4S 

3 

.50 

4fi 

92 

18,3 

6 

31.3 

32 

37 

05 

13 

2 

10 

26 

3 

15 

39 

A 

'18 

1.5 

93 

17,4 

6 

27.1 

32 

15 

04 

31 

2 

09 

02 

3 

13 

33 

3 

45 

48 

94 

16.6 

6 

23.0 

31 

55 

03 

,50 

2 

07 

40 

3 

U 

29 

3 

43 

24 

95 

15.8 

6 

18.94 

31 

35 

03 

09 

'> 

06 

19 

3 

09 

28 

3 

41 

03 

96 

15,0 

6 

15.0 

31 

15 

02 

30 

2 

05 

00 

3 

07 

30 

3 

38 

40 

97 

1 

14,2 

6 

11.1 

30 

5R 

01 

51 

o 

03 

43 

3 

05 

34 

3 

36 

29 

98 

13.5 

6 

07.3 

30 

37 

01 

13 

•> 

02 

27 

3 

03 

20 

3 

34 

29 

99 

12.7 

6 

03.6 

30 

18 

00 

36 

2 

01 

13 

3 

01 

49 

3 

32 

13 

100 

12.0 

6 

00.0 

30 

00 

00 

00 

2 

00 

00 

3 

00 

00 

3 

30 

00 

101 

112 

5 

56.5 

29 

42 

0 

59 

24 

58 

4H 

2 

58 

13 

3 

27 

55 

102 

10.4 

5 

52.9 

29 

24 

0 

58 

49 

57 

03 

2 

50 

28 

3 

25 

52 

103 

09.6 

5 

49.5 

29 

12 

0 

57 

57 

56 

30 

2 

54 

39 

3 

23 

53 

101 

09.2 

5 

46.1 

28 

.50 

0 

57 

42 

55 

11 

2 

53 

08 

3 

21 

55 

106 

08,4 

5 

42.8 

28 

34 

0 

57 

OS 

54 

17 

2 

51 

25 

3 

20 

00 

106 

08.0 

5 

39.6 

28 

IS 

0 

56 

36 

53 

12 

49 

47 

3 

18 

00 

107 

07.2 

5 

36.4 

28 

02 

0 

56 

04 

52 

09 

2 

48 

13 

3 

Ki 

13 

108 

06 . 8 

5 

33.3 

27 

46 

0 

55 

33 

51 

07 

2 

46 

40 

3 

14 

26 

109 

06.0 

5 

30.2 

27 

31 

0 

55 

02 

,50 

05 

2 

45 

08 

3 

12 

35 

110 

05.4 

5 

27.2 

27 

16 

0 

54 

32 

49 

05 

2 

43 

38 

3 

10 

54 

GRAND    PRIX 

DE    PARIS    WIH^SERS- 

1863-1  918. 

YR. 

Horse. 

Owner. 

YR. 

Horse. 

Owner. 

YR. 

Hoi-.se. 

Ov.ner. 

1863 

The  Ranger. 

Mr.  Savile. 

1882 

Bruce 

Mr.  Rymicl. 

1901 

Cheri 

M.  Caillant. 

1864 

Vermont. . . . 

H.  Delamarre. 

1K83 

Frontin 

Duke  Castrle. 

1902 

Kizil    Koiu-- 

M.    E.    de    St. 

1865 

Gladiateur. . 

Count  F.  de  La- 

1884 

Little  Duck 

Duke  Castrie. 

gan 

Alary. 

grange. 

1885 

Paradox .... 

Mr.  Bro-Cloele. 

1903 

Quo  Vadis. . 

M.  E.  Blanc. 

1866 

Ceylon 

Duke  of  Beauf  t. 

1880 

Minting. .  .  . 

R.  Vyner. 

1004 

-A.jax 

M.  E.  Blanc. 

1867 

Fervacques . 

D.  de  Montg'y. 

1887 

Tennbreuse . 

M.  P.  Airmart. 

1905 

Finasseur. .  . 

M.  E.  Ephrussl. 

1868 

Earl 

Mar.ofHastings. 

1888 

Stuart 

M.   P.   Donon. 

1906 

Spearmint.  . 

Maj.   E.    Loder. 

1869 

Glaneur.  . .  . 

M.    Lupin. 

1889 

Vasistas .... 

M.  H.  Delam're. 

1907 

San  Souse  11 

Baron  Rothsc'ld 

1870 

Sornette 

Maj.   Frldolin. 

1890 

Fitz  Roye .  . 

Baron      A.      de 

1908 

North  East . 

W.  K.  Vand'bilt 

1871 

No  race  on  a 

ccount  of  war. 

Schickler. 

1909 

Verdun  II .  . 

Baron  Rothsc'ld 

1872 

Cremorne. . . 

Mr.  Savile. 

1891 

Claraart 

M.  E.  Blanc. 

1910 

Nuage 

Mme.       Chere- 

1873 

Bolard 

M.  Delamarre. 

1892 

Rueil 

M.  E.  Blanc. 

metcfl. 

1874 

Trent 

W.  R.  Marshall. 

1893 

Ragotsky . . . 

M.  Webb. 

!;)11 

As  d'Atout. . 

Mar.  de  Ganay. 

1875 

.Salvatiu'. .  .  . 

M.  Lupin. 

1894 

Dolma- 

Baron      A.      de 

1912 

Houli 

M.  A.  Fould. 

1876 

Kisber 

A.  Baltazzl. 

Baghtche. 

Schickler. 

1913 

Bruleur 

M.    E.    de    St. 

1877 

St.    Chrls- 

Count  Lagrange 

1895 

Andree 

M.  E.  Blanc. 

Alary. 

tophe. 

1890 

Arreau 

M.  E.  Bianc. 

1914 

Sardanap'ls. 

Barou  Rothsc'ld 

187S 

Tliurio 

Pr.  Soltykoff. 

1897 

Doge 

M.  J.  Armand. 

1915 

No   race — w 

ar. 

1879 

Nubienne. .  . 

M.  Blanc. 

1898 

Le  Roi  Soleil 

Baron  de  Roths- 

1916 

No  race — w 

ar. 

1880 

Robert     the 

chiy. 

1917 

No   race — w 

ar. 

Devil 

O.   Brewer. 

1899 

Perth 

M.   Caillant. 

1918 

No  race — w 

ar. 

1881 

Foxhall 

Mr.    Keene.' 

1900 

Semendria.  .iBaron  Scliickler.i 

1 

FENCINC. 


Amateur  Fencers'  League  of  America  Champion- 
ships were  not  held  in  1918  owing  to  the  war.  The 
Intercollegiate  Championships,  a  few  dual  meets  and 
Kome  open  competitions  composed  the  season's 
schedule.     Result: 

Intercollegiate  Championships  lield  at  New  York, 
March  23.  Team  scores — Columbia  won  13,  lost  5 
bouts;  Yale  won  9,  lost  9:  Pennsylvania  won  5,  lost 
13.  Individual  Championship — won  by  Javier  Hor- 
easitan,  of  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  representing  Colum- 
bia, who  won  all  six  bouts. 


DUAL  MEETS. 

February  20 — New  York,  N.  Y.  Columbia,  7; 
New  York  Turn  Verein,  2. 

February  24 — New  York,  N.  Y.  Columbia,  5; 
Yale,  4. 

Marcn  1 — Philadelphia,  Pa.  Columbia,  5: 
Pennsylvania,  0. 

March  2 — Annapolis,  Md.     Navy,  5;  Columbia,  4. 

Marcii  9 — Annapolis,  Md.  Navy,  6;  Pennsyl- 
vania, 3. 

March   16 — Annapolis,  Md.     Navy,  7;   Yale,  2. 


DOG    RACING. 


The  important  Alaska  dog  races  scheduled  for  I  special  war  pervioe  abroad.  The  various  stake 
1918  were  declared  off  owing  to  the  war,  many  of  purse.'j  will  be  allowed  to  accumulate  and  .added  to 
the   loading   teams   and    dHvrr.s   bciri!;   cnirnfred    in  I  the-  money  put  ury  when  the  events  are  resumed. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


463 


AUTOMOBILE    RACES    AND    RECORDS. 

STRAIGHTAWAY   FREE-FOR-ALL   RECORDS',   REGARDLESS   OF   CLASS. 


Date. 

Place. 

Car. 

Driver. 

Distance. 

Time. 

April  23,  1911 . .  . 

Daytona 

Daytona 

Daytona 

Daytona 

Daytona 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Daytona 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Blitzen  Benz 

Blltzen  Benz 

Darracg 

Bunnau 

1  mile 

25.40 

April  23,  1911... 
Jan.   24.  1906 .  .  . 

Bunnan 

2  miles 

5  miles 

10  miles 

15  miles 

20  miles 

50  miles 

100  miles 

150  miles 

200  miles  . . 

61  28 

Hemery 

Bruce-Brown.  .  .  . 
Lancia 

2  34.00 

5  14.40 

10       .00 

Mar.  24.  1909.  .  . 
Jan.   29,  1906 .  .  . 

Benz 

Flat 

Buick  Bug 

Bulck  Bug 

Renault 

Mar.  30,  1911.  . . 

Burman 

13  11  92 

Mar.  28,  1911.  . . 

Burman 

35  52.31 

Mar.    6,  1908. .  . 

Bernin 

1  12  45.20 

Mar.  31.  1911.  .  . 

Special 

Disbrow 

1  55  18.00 

2  34  12.00 

Mar.  31.  1911 .  .  . 

Special 

Disbrow 

Mar.  31.  1911 .  .  . 

Special 

Special 

Disbrow 

250  miles 

300  miles 

81.65  miles 

3   14  55.00 

Mar.  31,  1911. .  . 

Disbrow 

3  53  33.50 

Mar.  28,  1911.  .  . 

Special 

Disbrow 

One  Hour. 

(STANDING   START.) 

Date. 

1           Place. 

1             Car.                        Driver. 

1         Distance. 

1        Time. 

Mar.  16,  1910. 

1  Daytona.  .  .    . 

. . .  IBenz Oldfleld 

.  1     1  mile 

1               40.53 

COMPETITIVE  SPEEDWAY  RECORDS  REGARDLESS  OF  CLASS,  NON-STOCK. 


Date. 


June 

Sept. 

June 

Sept. 

July 

July 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

June 

June 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

June 

June 


24,  1916. 

3,  1917. 
24,  1916. 

3.  1917. 

15,  1916. 
28,  1918. 

3,  1917. 
22,  1917. 

3,  1917. 
22.  1917. 
28,  1916. 

16,  1917. 
16,  1917. 
30,  1916. 

9,  1915. 

9,  1915. 
26,  1915. 
26.  1915. 


Place. 


Des  Moines,  la.  <-. 

Chicago 

Des  Moines 

Chicago 

Omahi, 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y... 

Cliicago 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.. . 
Sheepshead  Bay. . 

Chicago 

Chicago 

Sheepshead  Bay. . 
Sheepshead  Bay. . 
Sheepshead  Bay. . 

Cliicago 

Chicago 


Car. 


Mercedes 

Frontenac 

Mercedes 

Frontenac 

Peugeot 

Packard 

Packard 

Frontenac 

Frontenac 

Frontenac 

Peugeot 

Hudson  Special  . 
Hudson  Sfiecial.. 

Peugeot 

Stutz 

Stutz 

Peugeot 

Peugeot 


Driver. 


De  Palma . 
Chevrolet . 
De  Palma . 
Chevrolet . 

Besta 

De  Palma . 
De  Palma . 
Chevrolet . 
Chevrolet . 
Chevrolet . 

Aitken 

Mulford . . . 
Mulford . . , 
Aitken .  . . . 
Anderson . . 
Anderson., 

Resta 

Resta 


Distance, 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

20 

25 

50 

75 

100 

100 

150 

200 

250 

300 

350 

450 

500 


mile. . 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles, 
miles. 


Time. 


40.23 

09.57. 

54.81 

14.22 

56.36 

50.20 

12.72 

57.03 

40.28 

20.98 

37.65 

14.90 

11.05 

04.03 

32.23 

42.99 

05.78 

26.00 


(HOUR  COMPETITIVE  RECORDS.) 


Date. 

Place. 

Car. 

Driver. 

Distance. 

Time. 

April  16,  1910... 
April  16.  1910..  . 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles 

Marmon 

Marmon 

Harroun 

74  miles 

148  miles 

1 

Harroun 

2 

ONE-MILE  COMPETITIVE  CIRCULAR  DIRT  TRACK  RECORDS. 


Date. 

Place. 

Car. 

Driver. 

Distance. 

Time. 

Aug.     8,  1914.  .  . 
Aug.     8,1914... 
Sept.  14,  1912..  . 
Sept.  14,  1912.  .  . 
Sept.  14,  1912... 
Jan.     3,  1915... 
Jan.     3,  1915... 
Jan.     3,  1915... 
Jan.     3.  1915... 
Jan.     3,  1915... 
Oct.    22,  1914.  .  . 
Oct.    24,  1914.  .  . 
Aug.  25,1912... 
July     4,1913... 

St.  Louis,  Mo.  . . . 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  . . . 

Cleveland,  O 

Cleveland,  O 

Cleveland,  O 

Bakersfleld,  Cal.  . 
Bakersfleld,  Cal.  . 
Bakersfleld,  Cal . . 
Bakersfleld,  Cal .  . 
Bakersfleld,  Cal.  . 
Galesburg,  111.  .  .  . 
Hamline,  Minn..  . 

Columbus,  O 

Columbus,  O 

Simplex 

Disbrow . . 

Disbrow 

1  mile 

46.20 

2  miles 

3  miles 

4  miles 

1  32.60 

Disbrow 

2  27.81 

Simolex            .    . 

Disbrow     

3  17.02 

Disbrow 

5  miles 

10  miles 

15  miles 

20  miles 

25  miles 

50  miles 

75  miles 

100  miles 

150  miles 

200  miles 

4  06.58 

Peugeot 

Burman 

Burman 

8  16.40 

Peugeot   

12  23.20 

Peugeot 

Burman 

16  25.60 

Burman 

20  28.80 

Peugeot 

Burman 

40  57.80 

Peugeot 

Dusenberg 

Mercer 

Burman 

1  08  56.00 

Alley 

1  31  30,00 

Wishart 

2  30  5l!00 

Mason  Special .  .  . 

Mulford 

3  21  48.00 

24-HOUR 

COMPETITIVE  TRACK  RACES. 

Date. 

Place. 

Car. 

Driver. 

Distance. 

October       15.  1909.  . 
Ootober       19.  1910.  . 
April              8,  1911.  . 

Brighton  B'ch. 
Brighton  B'ch. 
Los  Angeles. .. 

Stock  Chassis  Lozler.  . 
Class  "C"  Stearns  .  .  . 
Class"C"Sp'dway,Flat 

Patschke  &  Mulford. . 
Poole  &  Patschke .... 
Verbeck  &  Hlrsh 

1,196  miles. 
1,253  miles. 
1.491  miles. 

NON-COMPETITIVE  SPEEDWAY  RECORDS 

,  REGARDLESS 

OF  CLASS,  NON-STOCK. 

Date. 

Place. 

Car. 

Driver. 

Distance. 

Time. 

July  28,  1917... 
July  28,  1917.... 
July  28,  1917.... 
July  27,  1917.... 
July  27,  1917.... 
July  27,  1917.... 
July  27,  1917.... 
July  27,  1917.... 
July  27,  1917. . . . 

Sheepshead  Bay. . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
sheepshead  Bay. . 
Sheepshead  Bay.. 

Packard  Special. . 
Packard  Special . . 
Packard  Special . . 
Packard  Special . . 
Packard  Special.  . 
Packard  Special. . 
Packard  Special . . 
Packard  Special . . 
Packard  Special . . 

Rader 

jf  mile 

6.91 

hi  mile 

13.94 

Rader 

i  kilo 

17.35 

1  mile 

28.7S 

2  miles 

3  miles 

4  miles 

,   5  miles 

10  miles 

57.81 

Rader 

1  26.61 

Rader 

1  55.74 

2  24.65 

Rader 

4  50.88 

464 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


AUTOMOBILE    HACES    AND    RECORDS— Co«»?Jwe(i;. 


NON-COMPETITIVE-HOUR  RECORDS. 
(Speedway,  Class  "B"  Stock  Chassis.) 


Date. 

Place. 

Car. 

Driver. 

Distance. 

Time. 

Aug.  1-2,  1917... 

Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay . . 
Sheepshead  Bay. . 
Sheepshead  Bay. . 

♦Chalmers 

♦Chalmers 

♦Chalmers 

tHudson 

Dawson 

83  miles 

957  miles 

1,898  miles 

924  miles 

1,819  miles 

Aug.  1-2,  1917... 

Aug.  1-2,  1917. . . 

Dawson 

24  hours 

May  1-2,  1916... 

May  1-2,  1916... 

tHudson 

Muiford 

24  houi*e 

*  Piston  displacement,  161  to  230  cubic  Inches,     t  Piston  displaceaient,  231  to  300  cubic  inclie,g. 

BIG   AMERICAN   AUTOMOBILE    P.ACE3. 

VANDERBILT   CUP. 


D /I  TK.  Starters. 

Car. 

r^river. 

Place. 

.Miles. 

Average. 

1904..       18 

Panhard 

Heath 

Long  Island 

Long  Island .....      

Long  Island ,  . .  , 

284.4 

283.3 

297.1 

258.6 

278.08 

278.08 

291.38 

299.54 

294.035 

300.78 

294.035 

52  2 

1905..       19 

Darracq 

Hemery 

61  4 

1906. .        17 

Darracq 

Wagner 

60  8 

1908..       18 

LocomobUe 

Alco 

Robertson 

Long  Island .,,.., 

64  3 

1909..       16 

Grant 

Long  Island 

Long  Island 

62  8 

1910. .       30 

Alco 

Grant 

65  18 

1911..       14 

Lozier 

Muiford 

Savannah 

74  07 

1912..         9 

Mercedes 

Mercedes 

Peugeot 

Peugeot  Special .  . 

De  Palma 

Milwaukee 

68  97 

1914. .       15 

De  Palma 

Santa  Monica 

San  Francifco 

Simla  Monica,  Ca! 

75  60 

1915*.       31 
1916..       19 

Resta 

R'Sta 

G6.29 
t 

*  Decided  over  specially  constructed  road  inside  Panama-Pacific  K.xpositioa  Grounds  measuring  3.905 
miles  or  77  laps,  and  built  of  dirt  and  wood, 
t  Time  3h.  22m.  4Ss. 

GRAND    PRIZE. 


*  Decided  over  specially  constructed  road  inside  San  Francisco  Fair  Grounds, 
t  Relieved  by  Aitkeu  21st  lap.    t  Time  4h.  42m.  47s. 

ELGIN   NATIONAL. 


Date 

Starters . 

Car. 

Driver. 

Place. 

Miles. 

.■average. 

1910. 

9 
10 
U 
12 
28 
12 

Lozier 

National 

Mercedes 

Stutz 

Muiford 

Chicago 

305 

302.6 

302.5 

301 . 16 

401.18 

301.44 

62.05 

1911. 

Zengel 

Chicago 

66  38 

1912. 

De  Palma 

Chicago 

68.9 

1913. 

Chicago 

71.05 

1914. 

Chicago 

73.05 

1915. 

Stutz 

Anderson 

Chicago 

77.256 

lOS    ANGELES-PH(ENIX    DESERT. 


Date.  Starters 


1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 
1913.. 
1914.. 


15 
16 
19 
23 
20 


Car. 


Kissel 

National .  .  . 
Franklin .  .  . 
Locomobile. 

Stutz 


Driver. 


Herrick . 
Herrlok . 
Haralln . 
Davis. .  . 
Oldfleld . 


Place. 


Miles. 


Los  Angeles — Phoenix. 
Los  Angeles — Phcenix. 
Los  Angeles — Phcenix. 
Los  Angeles — Phoenix. 
Los  Angeles — Phoenix. 


418 
551 
511 
574 
671 


-Average. 


26.41 
27.03 
28.02 
30.47 
29.02 


SANTA    MONICA. 

Date. 

Starters . 

Car. 

Driver. 

Place.      -^ 

Miles. 

Average. 

1910. . 

11 
12 
11 
13 

Lozier 

National 

Fiat 

Tetzlaff 

Santa  Monica 

202 
202 
303 
445.2 

71.31 

1911   . 

Herrick 

Santa  Monica 

74.62 

1912. . 

Tetzlatt 

Santa  Monica 

78.7 

1913.. 

Stutz 

Cooper 

Santa  Monica 

73.77 

IMPORTANT     SPEEDWAY     RACES     1918. 

Date. 


M.iy  30.. 
June  22.. 
.July  4.. 
July  29*. 
Aug.  17t. 
Sept.    2.. 


Starters. 


17 
14 
16 
11 
5 


Car. 


Packard . . . 
Frontenac . 
Packard . . . 
Packard. . . 
Packard . . . 
Frontenac . 


Winner. 


De  Palma . 
Chevrolet. 
De  Palma . 
De  Palma. 
De  Palma. 


Brooklyn,  N.  Y . 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Chicago,  111 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Muiford lunlontown,  Pa. . 


Place. 


Miles.  /       Time. 


100 
100 
100 
62 
112 
112!^ 


58.21 
55.25 
57.02 


1   10.11 


*  De  Palma  won  10  miles  in  5.24  4-5;  20  miles,  10.50  2-5;  30  miles,  16.54  4-5.     Resta,  2  m-les,  1.18. 
,  t  De  Palma  won  all  six  races  at  2,  10,  20,  30,  and  50  miles,  his  time,  by  races,  being  respectiively: 
1.0^  6-10,  5.23  S-10,  10.51  6-10,  16.31  2-10    27.29  2-10. 


POLO. 

The  Polo  Association  cancelled  all  championship  tournaments  scheduled  for  1917,  following  the  declara- 
tion ol  a  state  ol  war,  and  there  was  no  official  play  activity  in  this  department  of  sport  during  1918. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


465 


MOTORCYCLE    RACING. 

PROFESSIONAL    RECORDS    (AMERICAN    AND    FOREIGN). 

1  KrLO. — 25  3-53.,  by  H.  Cissac  at  Blackpool,  England,  July  27, 1905.  •!  Kilo.— 33  l-.5s.,  by  J.  Olieslagers 
at  Antwerp,  Belgium,  June  24,  1909.    *1  Mile — 60  l-5s.,  by  H.  Cissac  at  Blsickpool,  England,  July  27,  1905. 

1  Mile,  36s.;  2  miles,  Im.  12  2-5.S.;  3mlles,  Im.  50  3-5s.;  4miles,  2m.  28  3-5s.;  Smiles,  3m.  6  4-5s.;  6  milea, 
3m.  45s.:  7  miles,  4m.  23  1-56.;  8  miles,  Ura.  1  3-cs.:  9  miles,  5m.  39  4-5s.;  10  miles,  6m.  6  l-8s.;  11  miles, 
6nj.  58  4-5S.;  12  miles,  7m.  37  3-5s.;  13  miles,  8m.  17  2-5s.;  14  miles,  8m.  56  4-53.;  15  miles,  9m.  35  l-5s.; 
16  miles,  10m.  14  3-5s.;  17  miles,  tOm.  53  l-5s.;  18  miles,  11m.  32  4-5s.;  19  miles,  12m.  12  4-5s.;  20  miles, 
12m.  52  4-5s.;  21  miles,  13m.  32  2-5s.;  22  miles,  14m.  27  l-5s.;  23  miles,  15m.  7  1-oS.;  24  miles,  15m.  47s.; 
25  miles,  16m.  27s.;  all  by  Ray  Seymour  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  May  24,  1912.  30  miles,  20m.  18  1-53.;  35 
miles,  23m.  42s.;  40  miles,  27m.  6s.;  45  miles,  30m.  32  l-5s.;  50  miles.  33m.  55  l-5s.;  55  miles,  37m.  19  2-5s.; 
60  miles,  40m.  42  2-5s.;  65  miles,  44m.  6  2-53.;  70  miles,  47m.  31  l-5s.;  75  miles,  50m.  55  2-5s.;  80  miles,  54m. 
19  3-5s.;  85  miles,  57m.  46  3-5s.;  90  miles,  Ih.  Im.  12  2-5s.;  95  miles,  Ih.  4m.  36  3-5s.;  100  miles,  Ih.  8m. 
1  4-5s.;  all  by  W.  Humiston.  200  miles,  4h.  5m.  54  2-5s.;  by  H.  Martin  at  Canning  Town,  England,  Febru- 
ary 15, 1909.  300  miles,  3h.  30m.  20.s.;  by  Carl  Goudy,  Chicago,  111.,  September  12,  1915.  400 miles,  9h.  6m. 
25  4-5s.;  by  H.  A.  Collier  at  Canning  Town,  England,  May  5,  1909.  1  Hour — 88  miles  350  j'ards;  by  \V.  Hum- 
iston, 2  Hours— 118  miles  719  yards;  byH.V.  Colver  at  Brooklands,  England.'December  9, 1903.  3  Hours — 
165  miles  936  yards;  by  H.  V.  Martin  at  Brooklands,  England,  November  22,  1909.  4  Hours— 194  miles  1,320 
yards.  H.  V.  Martin  at  Canning  Town,  England.  February  15,  1909.  5  Hours — 245  miles  640  yards.  0  Houra 
— 294  miles  800  yards.  7  Hours— 326  miles' 640  yards.  8  Hours— 364  miles,  1,480  yards.  9  Hours— 396 
miles  80  yards.     10  Hours — 411  miles.     11  Hours— 445  miles  1,462  yards.     12  Hours — 471  miles  784  yards. 

AMATEUR    RECORDS. 

1  Kilo. — 28  2-5S.;  Charles  Spencer  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  October  23,  1909.  *1  Kilo. — 393.; 
Charles  Gustafson  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  October  23,  1909.  *1  Mile — 55  4-5s.;  Charles  Spencer  at 
Springfield,  Mass.,  October  23,  1909.  1  Mile,  3S  4-5s.;  2  miles,  Im.  13  2-5s.:  3  miles.  Im.  58  4-5a.: 
4  miles,  2m.  38  4-5s.;  5  miles,  3m.  18  4-5s.;  6  miles,  3m.  59  l-5s.;  7  miles,  4m.  403.;  8  miles,  5m.  20  4-53.; 
9  miles,  6m.  1  l-5s.;  10  miles,  6m.  42s.;  11  miles,  7m.  23s.;  12  miles.  Sm.  3  2-5B.;  13  miles,  8m.  43  4-5s.; 
14  miles,  9m.  23  4-5s.;  15  miles,  10m.  3  4-5s.;  16  miles,  10m.  44  2-5s.;  17  miles.  11m.  24  3-5s.;  all  by 
Lon  Claflln  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  May  17.  1912.  18  miles.  12m.  57s.;  19  miles.  13m.  40  l-5s.;  20 
miles.  14m.  23  3-5s.:  all  by  Don  Johns  at  Los  Angeles.  Cal.,  April  4,  1911.  21  miles,  16m.  17  l-5s.; 
22  miles,  17m.  4  3-5s.;  23  miles,  19m.  3s.;  24  miles,  19m.  53s.;  25  miles,  20m.  54s.;  30  miles.  25m. 
14  2-5s.;  35  miles,  29m.  20  2-5s.;  40  miles,  33m.  22  3-5s.;  45  miles.  37m.  39s.;  50  miles.  41m.  49  3-53.; 
55  miles,  46m.  10  l-5s.;  00  miles,  50m.  24  3-5s.;  65  miles.  54m.  32  l-5s.;  70  miles,  58m.  48  2-5s.;  all 
by  Fred  Huyck  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  September  6,  1909.  75  miles,  Ih.  20m.  l-5s.;  80  miles.  Ih. 
25m.  19  2-6s.;  85  miles,  Ih.  30m.  37s.;  90  miles,  Ih.  36m.  3s.;  95  miles,  Ih.  42m.  3  l-5s.;  all  by  Robert 
Stubbs  at  Birmingham.  Ala.,  November  24,  1908.  100  miles,  Ih.  24m.  41s.;  M.  J.  Graves  at 
Detroit,  Mich.,  Sept.  19,  1915.  200  miles,  3h.  55m.  20s.;  Charles  Soeucer  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  October 
1,  1909.  300  miles,  5h.  48m.  55s.;  400  miles,  8h.  12m.  36s.;  both  by  Charles  Gustafson  at  Spring- 
field, Mass.,  October  1,  1909.  500  miles,  lOh.  22m.  36s.;  600  mile?;,  13h.  15m.  IGs.;  700  miles,  15b. 
25m.  263.;  800  miles,  17h.  37m.  31s.;  900  miles,  19h.  46m.;  1,000  miles,  22h.  20m.  59s.;  all  by  Charles 
Spencer  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  October  2,  1909.  1  Hour— 71  miles  020  yards,  Fred  Huyck  at  Spring- 
field. Mass..  September  6.  1909.  2  Hours — 134  miles  880  yards,  M.  J.  Graves  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
July  18,  1909.  3  Hours — 145  miles  587  yards.  4  Hours — 204  miles  587  yards;  Charles  Spencer 
at  Springfield,  Mass.,  October  1,  1909.  5  Hours — 246  miles  1,174  yards.  6  Hours — 300  miles 
1  174  yards.  7  Hours — 333  miles,  1,174  yards;  all  by  Charles  Gustafson  at  Springfield,  Mass.. 
October  1,  1909.  8  Hours — 388  miles  1.174  yards.  9  Hours — 441  miles;  Charles  GustaJson  at 
Springfield,  Mass..  October  2,  1909.  10  Hours — 482  miles.  11  Hours — 512  miles.  12  Hours — 
559   miles   587   yards. 

Straightaway  Records — 1  Kilo. — 27  4-53.;  Walter  Goerke  at  Daytona,  Fla..  March  25.  1909. 
1  Mile — 43  2-5s.;  Robert  Stubbs  at  Daytona.  Fla..  March  25,  1909.  5  Miles — 3m.  30s.;  Walter 
Goerke  at  Daytona.   Fla..   March  24,   1909.  .         ,        „  .        ,,       „    . 

Transcontinental  Record — 3.362  miles,  11  days  lib.  10m.,  by  Erwm  Baker,  San  Francisco-New  York. 
May.  1914. 

*  ^fade  with  sta-nding  start. 


MOTOR    BOAT    RACtNC, 


National  Power  Boat  Association  championship 
Gold  Cup  Races,  held  at  Detroit,  Mich,,  August 
30-September  2.    Results: 

Gold  Cup,  30  mile  race,  three  heats;  total  distance, 
90  miles.    Final  point  scores: 

Miss  Detroit  III.,  Detroit  Y.  C 14 

Whip-po-Will,  Jr.,  Lake  George  Y.  C 12 

Miss  Minneapolis,  Minneapolis  P.  B.  C 10 

Miss  Detroit  II.,  Detroit  Y.  C — 

One-Mile  championship  of  North  America  won  by 
Whip-po-Will,  Jr.,  with  an  average  ol  63.498  miles 
per  nour  in  six  one-mile  trials.  In  one  trial  an 
average  of  65.017  miles  per  hour  was  shown. 

Gold  Cup  race,  by  heats: 

First  Heat.  Driver.  Time. 

Miss  Detroit  III G.  A.  Wood. ...     34. 10 

Miss  Minneapolis W.  Wood 34 .  16 

*Whip-po-Win,  Jr G.  Rels 2.16.12 

*  Ran  oft  course. 

Second  Heat.  Driver.  Time. 

Miss  Detroit G.  A.  Wood 35. 19 

Whip-po-WiU,  Jr G.  Rels 55.40 

Miss  Minneapolis W.  Wood 57.20 

Third  Heat.  Driver.  Time. 

Whip-po-Will,  Jr G.  Reis 34.02 

Miss  Detroit  III G.  Wood 35.56 

Miss  Minneapolis W.  Wood 36.18 

Previous  winners  ol  Gold  Cup,  owner  and  average 

•lS04^Standard C.  C.  Riotte 23.6 

*1904— ViDg-et-Un  11 W.  Sharpe  Kilmer.  .25.3 


+  1905— Chip  II J  Wainwright 15.9 

+  1906 — Chip  II J.  Wainwright 20.6 

+  1907 — Chip  II J.  Wainwright 20.8 

1908 — Dixie  II E.  J.  Schroeder 30.9 

1909— Dixie  11 E.  J.  Schroeder 32.9 

1910— Dixie  III F.  K.  Burnham 33.6 

1911— Mit  II J.  H.  Hayden 36.1 

1912— P.  D.  Q.  II Alfred  G.  Miles 36.8 

1913 — Ankle  Deep Count  Mankowski.  .44.5 

1914 — Baby  Sp'd  Dem.  II. .Paula  Blackton.. 

1915— Miss  Detroit D.  P.  B.  A 

1916 — Miss  Minneapolis... M.  P.  B.  A 

1917— Miss  Detroit  II D.  P.  B.  A 

*  Two  races  were  run  in  1904  when  Rlottc  waived 

the  conditions  of  the  deed  of  gift,  t  Handicap  events. 
Toronto,    September   6 — V/hip-po-Will.   Jr.,   won 

Canadian    International    Gold    Challenge    Trophy. 

defeating  Miss  Detroit  III.  and  Miss  Minneapolis 

on  points. 

New  YorJc,  July  13-15 — New  York  to  Poughkeepsio 

and  return  race.    Result: 


.50.49 
.48.49 
.49.27 
.54.36 


Yacht  and  Owner. 


Bedouin.  L.  H  Straus 

Adelew,  F.  L.  Solomon 

Fannie  U.  II.,  S.  O.  A.  Ullmann . 

Ruthie  II.,  F.  Dobell 

Wanderer,  Commodore  E.  St«iner 
Iliad,  S.  F.  Miller 


Elapsed 
Time. 

H.    M.     3. 


17.22.00 
19.19.00 
21.11.42 
23.21.23 
16.16.00 
21.45.20 


Correct- 
ed Time. 
H.  M.    s. 


12.36.39 
12.47.49 
13.07.37 
15.17.18 
15.31.00 
16.06.14 


466 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


ROWING. 

YALE   VS.   HARVAKD— VAKSITY   EIGHTS. 

Yale  and  Harvard  eights  have  rowed  fifty  races,  beginning  in  1852  on  Lalse  Winnepesaukee  at  two 
miles,  when  Harvard  won.  In  1856  the  course  was  changed  to  Springfield  and  lengthened  to  three  miles. 
Lake  Quinslgamond  was  the  scene  lor  nine  years,  and  Lalie  Saltonsall  for  1869.  Alter  an  interval  of  seven 
years  the  crews  in  1876-77  went  to  Springfield,  Masp.,  when  the  four-mile  course  was  inaugurated.  In 
1878  the  crews  changed  again  to  New  London,  Ct.     The  records: 


TIME.                        1 

TIME. 

Won  By. 

Won  By. 

Winner. 

Loser. 

Winner. 

Loser. 

July  21, 

1855... 
1859... 

Harvard.. . 

June  26, 
July     1, 

1891... 
1892... 

Harvard. . . 
Yale 

21.23 
20.48 

21.57 

July  26, 

Harvard. . . 

19.18 

20.18 

21.42,4 

July  27, 

1859* . . 

Yale 

19.14 

19.16 

June    3, 

1893... 

Yale 

25.01H 

25.15 

July  24, 

1860... 

Harvard. . . 

18.53 

19.05 

June  28, 

1894..-. 

Yale 

22.47 

24.40 

July  29, 

1864... 

Yale 

19.01 

19.43H 

June  28, 

1895... 

Yale 

21.30 

22.05 

July  28, 

1865... 

Yale 

17.42H 

18.09 

June  29, 

1899... 

Harvard..  . 

20.62H 

21.13 

July  27, 

1866... 

Harvard. . . 

18.43 

19.10 

June  28, 

1900... 

Yale 

21.12  4-5 

21.37  2-5 

July  19, 

1867... 

Harvard..  . 

18.13 

19.25H 

June  27, 

1901... 

Yale 

23.37 

23.4.i 

July  24, 

1868... 

Harvard. .  . 

17.48H 

18.38K2 

June  26, 

1902... 

Yale 

20.20 

20. 3S 

July  23, 

1869... 

Harvard..  . 

18.02 

18.11 

Jime  25, 

1903... 

Yale 

20 .  19  4-5 

20.20  3-6 

July  22, 

1870... 

Harvard. .  . 

Foul. 

Dlsq. 

June  30, 

1904... 

Yale 

21.40M 

22.10 

July  30, 

1876... 

Yale 

22.02 

22.33 

June  29, 

1905... 

Yale 

22.33 

22.36 

June  30, 

1877... 

Harvard. .  . 

24.36 

24.44 

June  28, 

1906... 

Harvard..  . 

23.02 

23.11 

June  28, 

1878... 

Harvard. .  . 

20.44M 

21.29 

June  27 

1907... 

Yale 

21.10 

21.13 

June  27, 

1879... 

Harvard. . . 

22.15 

23.58 

June  25, 

1908... 

Harvard..  . 

24.10 

27.45 

.July    1, 

1880... 

Yale 

24.27 

25.09 

July     1, 

1909 . . . 

Harvard. .  . 

21.50 

22.10 

July    1, 

1881... 

Yale 

22.13 

22.19 

June  30, 

1910... 

Harvard..  . 

20.46H 

21.04 

June  30, 

1882... 

Harvard. . . 

20.47 

20.50K 

June  30, 

1911... 

Harvard..  . 

22.44 

23.41H 

June  28, 

1883... 

Harvard.. . 

24.26 

25.59 

June  21, 

1912... 

Harvard..  . 

21.43H 

22.04 

June  26, 

1884... 

Yale 

20.31 

20.46 

June  20, 

1913... 

Harvard. .  . 

21. 42  J/2 

22.20 

June  26, 

1885... 

Harvard. . . 

25.15H 

26.30 

June  10, 

1914... 

Yale 

21.16 

21.16  1-5 

July    2, 

1886... 

Yale 

20.41M 

21.05 

June  25. 

1916... 

Yale 

20.52 

21.13'^ 

July    1, 

1887... 

Yale 

22.66 

23.10% 

June  23, 

1916... 

Harvard..  . 

120.02 

21.17 

June  29, 

1888... 

Yale 

20.10 

21.24H 

1917... 

No  race  on 

account  of 

war. 

June  29, 

1889... 

Vale 

21.30 

21.55 

June    1, 

1918t.. 

Harvard..  . 

10.58 

11.04 

June  27, 

1890... 

Yale 

21.29 

21.40 

*  Citizens'    Regatta. 
River,  Derby,  Ct. 


t  Record   for   Thames   River   course,     t  Two-mile  race  rowed,  on   Housatonip 


RECORD    OF   OXFORD    AND    CAMBRIDGE   BOAT   RACE— 4M    MILES. 
(Oxford  won  39,  Cambridge  31;  dead  heat  I.) 


Yeah. 

Date. 

Winner. 

Course. 

Time. 

Year. 

Date. 

Winner. 

Course. 

Time. 

1841.. 

AprU  14 

Cambridge. . . 

W.  top..  . 

32.30 

1882. . 

April    1 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  ,  . 

20.12 

1842.. 

June  11 

Oxford 

W.  top..  . 

30.46 

1883.  . 

Mar.  15 

Oxford 

P.  to  M. .'. 

21.22 

1845. . 

Mar.  15 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

23.30 

1884. . 

April    7 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

21.39 

1846.. 

AprU    3 

Cambridge. . . 

M.  top... 

21.05 

1885.  , 

Mar.  28 

O.xford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

21.47 

1849.. 

Mar.  29 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

22.00 

1886. . 

AprU    3 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M .  . . 

22.29K 

1849 .  . 

Dec.  15 
April    3 

Oxford 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . .  . 

1887.. 
1888.. 

Mar.  26 
Mar.  24 

Cambridge. .  . 
Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M .  .  . 
P.  toM... 

20.52 

1852.. 

p.  to  M . .  . 

2i.36 

20.48 

1854.. 

April    8 

Oxford 

p.  to  M . .  . 

25.29 

1.889.. 

Mar.  30 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

20.14 

1856.. 

Mar.  16 

Cambridge. . . 

B.  R.  toP. 

25.50 

1890. , 

Mar.  26 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

22.03 

1857. . 

AprU    4 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

22.35 

1891.. 

Mar.  21 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

21.48 

1858.. 

Mar.  27 

Cambridge.  . 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

21.23 

1892.. 

April    9 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

19.21 

1859.. 

AprU  15 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . .  . 

24.40 

1893.. 

Mar.  22 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

18.47 

I860.. 

Mar.  31 

Cambridge. . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

26.05 

1894.. 

Mar.  17 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

21.39 

1861.. 

Mar.  23 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

23.30 

1895. . 

Mar.  30 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

20.50 

1862 . . 

AprU  12 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  . .  . 

24.41 

1896.  . 

Mar.  28 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

20.02 

1863.. 

Mar.  28 

O.xford 

M.  toP..  . 

23.06 

1897.  . 

AprU    3 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

19.12 

1864. . 

Mar.  19 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . .  . 

21.40 

1898.. 

Mar.  26 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

22.15 

1865.. 

AprU    8 

O.xford 

P.  to  M . .  . 

21.24 

1899.. 

Mar.  25 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

21,04 

1866.. 

Mar.  24 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . . . 

25.35 

1900.. 

Mar.  31 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  toM... 

18.47 

1867.  . 

AprU  13 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . .  . 

22.40 

1901 . . 

Mar.  30 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

22.31 

1868.. 

AprU. . . 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  . .  . 

20.56 

1902 . . 

Mar.  22 

Cambridge.. . 

P.  to  M  .  .  . 

19.09 

1869.. 

Mar.  17 

Oxford 

?.  to  M . .  . 

20.05 

1903 . . 

April    2 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

19.36 

1870.. 

AprU    6 

Cambridge. .  . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

22.04 

1904. . 

Mar.  26 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

21.37 

1871.. 

AprU    1 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M  . .  . 

23.05 

1995.  . 

AprU    1 

Oxford 

P.  toM.  .  . 

20.35 

1872.. 

Mar.  23 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

21.15 

1906.. 

April    7 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

19.24 

1873.. 

Mar.  29 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

19.35 

1907.. 

Mar.  23 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M..  . 

20.26 

1874.. 

Mar.  28 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M  . .  . 

22.36 

1908.. 

April    4 

Cambridge.. . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

19.20 

1875.. 

Mar.  20 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . .  . 

22.02 

1909.. 

Mar.  27 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . .  . 

19.50 

1876.  . 

AprU    8 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . . . 

20.20 

1910.. 

Mar.  23 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

20.14 

1877. . 

Mar.  24 

Dead  heat. . . 

P.  to  M . .  . 

24.06"^ 

1911.. 

April    1 

Oxford 

P.  to  M . . . 

18.29 

1878.. 

April  13 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

22.15 

1912.. 

♦April  1 

Oxford 

P.  to  M  . .  . 

22.05 

1879.. 

AprU    5 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

21.18 

1913. . 

Mar.  13 

Oxford   

P.  to  M  . .  . 

20.53 

1880. . 

Mar.  22 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

21.23H 

1914. . 

Mar.  28 

Cambridge. . . 

P.  to  M . . . 

20.23 

1881.  . 

AprU    8 

Oxford 

P.  to  M .  .  . 

21.52 

1915-16-17-18,  no  races  held.  1906,  September  8.  Cambridge  beat  Harvard  TJniver.sity,  U.  S.  A.  (P. 
to  M.),  19  minutes  18  seconds.  *  On  March  30,  1912,  In  attempting  the  race,  both  boats  were  swamped, 
and  the  race  was  declared  void. 


Many  of  the  best  college  oarsmen  In  Great  Britain  were  killed  in  the  progress  of  the  war 
80  severely  wo«»ded  as  to  be  put  permanently  out  of  commission. 


or  else  were 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


467 


ROWING— Cowinwed. 


PACIFIC    COAST    INTERCOLLEGIATE    REGATTA. 


Year. 

AVinner. 

Second. 

Dist., 
Miles. 

Win'rs 
Time. 

Year. 

Winner. 

Second. 

Dist., 

MUes. 

Win'rs 
Time. 

1903 

1904.... 
1905   . . . 

Wa.5hington. . 
California.  .  . 
California.  .  . 

California.  .  . 
Stanford .... 
Washington. . 

IH 

9.33 
9.58 

1911.... 
1912.... 
1913.... 
1914.... 
1915.... 

1916 

1917.... 
191.8.  .  .. 

Stanford .... 
Stanford .... 
Washington. . 
Washington. . 
Stanford .... 
Stanford .... 
Washington. . 
No  race 

California . .  . 
Washington. . 
Stanford .... 
Stanford .... 
Washington. . 
California .  .  . 
Stanford .... 

3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 
3 

14.05 
16.43 
17  54 

1906     . . 

19  58 

1907.... 
J908.... 
1909. . . . 
1910... 

Stanford .... 
California .  .  . 
Stanford .... 
Stanford .  .  .  , 

California.  .  . 
Stanford .... 
California.  .  . 
California .  .  . 

2H 
2>A 
3 
2 

13.05 

13.18 

17.40 

9.00 

15.37 
16.37 
16.32 

INTERCOLLEGIATE     REGATTA. 

Rowed  at  PoughUeepsle,  N.  Y.,  on  the  Hudson.     Results  since  1900; 
VARSITY     EIGHT-OARED— FOUR     MILES. 

June  30,  1900 — Pennsylvania,  19m.  44  3-5s.:  Wisconsin,  19m.  40  2-53.;  Cornell, '  20m.  4  l-5s,; 
Columbia,  20m.  8  l-5s.;  Georgetown,  20m.  19  l-5s. 

July  2,  1901 — Cornell,  18m.  53  l-5s.  (rocord);  Columbia,  ISm.  58s.;  Wisconsin,  19in.  6  4-5s,: 
Georgetown,  19m.  21s.;  Syracuse,  19m.  49.s.;  Pennsylvania,  19m.  58  1-Ss. 

June  21,  1902— Cornell,  19m.  5  3-5s.;  Wisconsin,  19m.  13  3-5s.;  Columbia.  19m.  18  3-5s.: 
Pennsylvania,   lOm.  26s.;  Syracu.se,   19m.   31  2-5s.;   Georgetown,   19ni.  32s. 

June  26,  1903 — Cornell,  18m.  57s.;  Georgetown,  19m.  27s.;  Wisconsin,  19m.  29  2-5a.;  Penn- 
Bylvanl.a,  19m.  30  2-Ss.;  Columbia,  19m.  54  4-5s. 

June  28,  1904 — Syracuse,  20m.  22  3-5s.;  Cornell,  20m.  31  l-5s.;  Pennsylvjinia,  20m.  42,s.;  Co- 
lumbia. 20m.  45  2-5s.;  Georgetown,  20m.  52  2-5s.;  Wisconsin,  21m.  1  l-5s. 

June  29,  1905 — Cornell,  20m.  29  2-5s.;  Syracuse,  21m.  47  2-5s.;  Georgetown,  21m.  49s.:  Co- 
lumbia, 21m.  53  4-53.;  Pennsylvania,  21m.  59  4-5s.;  Wisconsin,  22m.  (i  l-os. 

June  23,  1906 — Cornell,  19m.  36  4-5s.;  Pennsylvania,  19in.  43  4-5s.;  Syracuse,  19m.  45  l-5s.; 
Wisconsin,  20m.  13  4-5s.;  Columbia,  20m.  18  3-5s.;  Georgetown,  20m.  36s. 

June  26,  1907 — Cornell,  20m.  2  3-5s.;  Columbia,  20m.  4s.;  Anuiipolls,  20m.  13  4-5s.;  Pennsyl- 
vania, 20m.  33  2-5s.;  Wisconsin,  Georgetown,  Syracuse. 

June  27,  1908 — Syracuse,  19m.  34  l-5s.;  Columbia,  19ni.  35  1-5.S.;  Cornell.  19m.  39s.;  Penn- 
sylvania,  19m.  52  3-5s.;  Wisconsin,  20m.  43  4-5s. 

July  2,  1909 — Cornell.  19m.  23.;  Columbia,  I9m.  4  2-5s.;  Syracuse,  19m.  15  l-5s.;  Wisconsin, 
i9m.  24  l-5s.;  Pennsylvania,   19m.  32  l-5s. 

June  25,  1910 — Cornell,  20m.  42  l-5s.;  Pennsylvania,  20m.  44  l-5-i.;  Columbia,  20m,  54  1-Ss.: 
Syracuse,  21m.  1  3-5s.;  Wisconsin,  21m.  15  3-5s. 

June  27,  1911- Cornell,  20m.  10  4-5s.;  Columbia,  20m.  10  4-5s.;  Pennsylvania,  20m.  33s.;  Wis- 
consin, 20ra.  34s.:  Syracuse,  21m.  3  2-5s. 

June  29,  1912 — Cornell,  19m.  31  2-5s.;  Wisconsin,  19m.  35  2-os.:  Columbia,  19m.  41s.;  Syracuse. 
10m.  47s.:  Pennsylvania,  19m.  55s.;  Stanford,  20m.  253. 

June  21.  1913 — Syracuse,  19m.  28  3-5s.;  Cornell,  19m.  31s.;  Washington,  10m.  333.;  Wisconsin, 
19m.  363.;  Columbia,   19m.  38  l-5s.;  Pennsylvania,  20m.   11  l-5s. 

June  26,  1914 — Columbia,  19m.  37  4-5s.:  Pennsylvania,  19m.  41s.;  Cornell,  19m.  44  l-5.s-.;  Syra- 
cuse  19m.  59  2-5s.;  Washington,  20m.  1  3-5s.;  Wisconsin.  20m.  20s. 

June  28,  1915— Cornell,  19m.  36  3-5s.;  Leland  Stanford,  19m.  37  4-5s.;  Syracuse,  19m.  43  3-5s.;  Colum- 
bia, 20m.;  Pennsylvania,  20m.  10  l-5s.  ^  ,,  ,  ,  ,       . 

June  17,  1916 — Syracuse,  20m.  15s.;  Cornell,  20m.  22  4-5s.;  Columbia,  20m.  41  1-53.;  Pennsylvania, 
20m.  52  4-5s. 

1917-18,  no  races  on  account  of  war. 

For  previous  results  in  varsity  fow-oared,  junior  eiglit-oared  and  fi-e.'ihman  eight-oared  races  sec  1917 

BEST     INTERCOLLEGIATE     RECORDS. 

Varsity  elght-oared,  four-mile  race:  Cornell.  July  2,  1901,  18m.  53  l-5s.  Varsity  four-oared, 
two-mile  race:  CorneU,  June  28.  1915.  10m.  1-53.  Freshman  eiglit-oarcd.  two-mile  ri.ce:  Cornell.  July  2. 
1909,  9m.  11  3-Cs. 

DUAL   AND   TRIANGULAR    REGATT.J.S. 

April  20 — Annapolis,  Md.  1  5-16  miles — Pennsylvania  (2  lengths).  Vni.  56Ws.;  Navy. ;  Penn- 
sylvania Freshmen  (2  lengths),  8m.  16)^s.:  Navy  First  Year  Crew,  — -.  ^     .,    , 

April  20 — Princeton,  N.  J.  1  5-16  miles— Princeton  Freshmen  (2  lengths):  Philadelphia  Central 
High  School,  second:  Princeton  Freshmen  Second  Crew,  third. 

April  27 — Princeton,  N.  J.  1  7-8  miles — Harvard  (1  length),  9m.  57s.;  Pnncston,  10m.;  Harvard 
Freshmen  {2  lengths),  10m.  68.;  Princeton  Freslmien,  10m.  12s.  ,    ,    ^,      ,, 

May  4— Princeton,  N.J.  1  7-8  miles — Child's  Cup  Race,  Pennsylvania  (5  lengths) ;  Columbia,  second; 
Princeton,  third.  No  time  talten.  Freshmen  Poice,  1  5-16  miles— Pennsylvania,  Cm.  54s.:  Princeton 
FrfshmGn   —  ■  . 

May'll — Philadelphia,  Pa.  1  .5-16  miles — Pennsylvania  (4  lengths),  6m.  5.5s.;  Yale,  7m.  12s.  Fresh- 
men Race— Pennsylvania  (1  length),  7m.  14s.;  Yale,  7m.  IS  l-5s.  ,  .     .   u     ■„     tlt   <^   c  i..,m     xt« 

May  18— Princeton,  N.  J.     1  1-8  mile— Princeton  Freshmen  (1  lengt>iK  AshcviUe,  N.  C.  fechool.    No 

^'"^^^May^'l'fi— Annapolis,  Md.  2  miles— American  Henley,  Navy  (1  leugth),  Ilm.  2Gs.:  Pennsylvania. 
11m.  30s.:  Columbia, .     Freshmen  Race— Syracuse  (M   length).   Urn.  49s.;  Navy,  11m.  ols,;  Penn- 

syiva^to^  2^Prlnceton,  N.  J.  1  7-8  miles— Princeton  (14  length),  9m.  51s.;  Cornell,  9m.  52s.  Freshmen 
Race— CorneU  (5  lengths),  10m.  7s.:  Princeton,  10m.  29s.  ,,<     ,„       .,„  .  ti„„,o^,i  c!„„„na 

May  28— Boston,  Mass.  17-8  miles— Y.ale  Second  Crew  (H  length),  10m  2s.;  Har^'ard  Second 
Crew,  10m.  4s.     Freshmen  Race— Harvard  (IH  lengths),  10m.  7s.:  Yale.  10m.  15s.  _,_..„  ^.„  ■      . 

June  1— Derby,  Ct.  2  miles— Harvard  (2  lengths),  10m.  58s.;  Yale,  11m.  48.  Rowed  m  piace  ol 
usual  four-mile  varsity  race,  held  at  New  London,  Ct. 

•lune  1— Ithaca,  N.  Y.     --"•-='-     ^ ...•..„  e„v 

Jul 
Results 

^rT.2^10m"2^i^^"sbn1o7sin'S'eT-^Wonb;j^ 


1  5-16  miles— Cascadilla  School  defeated  Stone  School  (Boston),  by  four  Iengtli8. 


468 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


ROWING — Continued. 


and  Stjinley  Dunham);  M.  I.  T.  (J.  Falkcnberg  and  E.  Murdough),  second.  Time — 10m.  203.  Junior 
elght-oared  shells — Won  by  West  Lynn  B.  C.  (James  Walsh,  Joseph  Cremer,  Joseph  Furrier,  T.  Grace,  J. 
O  Connor,  J.  McBride,  D.  O'Leary,  J.  Walsh,  Henry  Wall,  coxswain);  Farraguts  of  Lynn,  second.  Time — • 
9m.  19s.  Race  for  cutters — Won  by  Radio  First  Crew  (port  strolie,  Everett;  starboard  stroke,  Younberg; 
Oady,  Bell,  Moyer,  Maransey,  Watson,  Marlin,  Beaney,  Cavaeau,  with  Chief  Yeoman  Southland,  coxwain) ; 
Second  Radio  Crew,  second;  Third  Radio  Crew,  third.     Time — 8m.  30s. 

NEW  YORK  ROWING  ASSOCIATION  REGATTA. 
Held  at  New  York  City  (Harlem  River),  May  30.  Summaries;  Single  shells — Won  by  George 
Froelich,  Metropolitan  Rowing  Club;  Albert  Kalbac,  First  Bohemian  B.  C,  second;  D.  Andras,  Active 
B.  C.,  reported  to  starter  too  late.  Froelich's  time — 6m.  41  l-5s.;  Kalbac's  time — 6m.  42  2-5s.  Quadruple 
sculls — Won  by  Metropolitan  Rowing  Club;  Nonpareil  Rowing  Club,  second.  Time — 5m.  43  2-5s.  Non- 
pareil's time — 5m.  43  4-5.S.  High  School  double  gigs — Won  by  Morris  H.  S.  (H.  Bruckner,  1;  Dennis 
Mulligan,  2);  Stuyvesant  H.  a.  (Irving  Kolansky,  1;  Elmer  Rubinstein,  2),  second.  Time  not  taken.  High 
School  eights — Won  by  New  Rochelle  H.  S.  (J.  Schoop,  1;  H.  Octavet,  2;  A.  Benton,  3;  G.  Gray,  4;  L. 
Green,  5;  A.  Aimone,  6;  M.  Le  Count,  7;  A.  Hall,  stroke;  G.  Valentine,  cosxwain);  Stuyvesant  H.  S.  (James 
F.  Nllan,  Jr.,  1;  W.  Schoenfeldt,  2;  William  Coleman,  3;  Paul  Steinbom,  4;  Matthew  McKeon,  5;  Hugh 
Rubinstein,  6;  Hugo  Tuter,  7;  Ernest  Wacher,  stroke;  Roy  Brown,  coxswain).  Time — 5m.  12  l-5s.  Stuy- 
vesant's  time — 5m.  15  2-5s.  Naval  cutters — Won  by  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Training  Station  (J.  Robinson, 
port  stroke;  D.  DeNike,  4;  J.  Belasco,  3;  J.  Jorgrimsen,  2;  H.  Jete,  bow;  A.  Holm,  starboard  stroke;  C. 
Leldhimer,  4;  W.  Urbanski.  3;  N.  Bach,  2;  S.  Rando,  bow;  J.  Montrose,  coxswain);  Granite  State  (Maloney, 
port  stroke;  Moore,  4;  Blue,  3;  ColUns,  2;  Beckley,  bow;  Atkins,  .starboard  .stroke;  Berger,  4;  Elsworth,  3; 
Klein,  2;  Sposato,  bow;  Carey,  coxswain),  second;  Pelham  Bay  No.  4  Crew,  third;  Granite  State  No.  1 
Crew,  fourth.  Time — 7m.  6  l-Ss.  Four-oared  barge — Won  by  Woodcliffe  Boat  Club  (G.  Birrell,  stroke; 
R.  Warner,  3;  E.  liinholm,  2;  L.  Palmer,  bow;  E.  Ford,  coxswain);  Active  Boat  Club  (D.  Andras,  stroke; 
R.  Pearsall,  3;  N.  Reiners,  2;  E.  Nickelsen,  bow;  J.  Gunther,  coxswain).  Time — 6m.  47  3-5.  Actives' 
time — 6m.  51  4-6. 

YACHTING. 

THE  continuation  of  the  European  war  prevented  any  effort  toward  holding  the  race  for  the  America's 
Cup,  originally  scheduled  for  tlie  Autumn  of  1914.  Sir  Thomas  Lipton's  challenging  yacht.  Shamrock  IV., 
remained  in  drydock  at  the  Erie  Basin,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  and  neither  the  Resolute  nor  Vanltie,  defending 
candidates,  have  been  in  commission  since  1915.  There  was  considerable  activity  In  yachting  circles  along 
the  Atlantic  Coast  and  on  the  Great  Lakes,  races  between  the  smaller  type  of  craft  being  the  featme  of 
the  Atlantic  season.  A  record  of  the  trial  races  between  the  Resolute  and  Vanitie  during  the  season  of 
1915  is  appended  for  reference  purposes:  Fifteen  trials  between  the  Resolute  and  the  Vanitie  were  sailed, 
and  the  Resolute  won  on  July  3  by  Im.  8s.;  on  July  7  by  Im.  6s.;  on  July  9  the  Vanitie  discontinued  owing 
to  the  breaking  of  a  gafl;  on  July  10  by  3m.  31s.;  on  July  13  by  4m.  16s.;  on  July  15  by  13s.;  on  July  17 
by  26m.  123.;  on  July  27  by  3m.  57s.;  on  August  5  by  Im.  36s.  (corrected  time,  the  Vanitie  making  28s. 
faster  actual  time);  on  August  7  by  20m.  18s.;  on  August  10  by  4m.  15s.,  and  on  August  11  by  3m.  59.S. 
The  Vanitie  defeated  the  Resolute  on  July  5  by  dm.  lis.;  on  August  3,  the  Resolute  meeting  with  an  acci- 
dent, and  on  August  6  by  iOm.  558. 


GNTERNATIONAS.    RACES    FOR 

THE    AMERICA'S    CUP. 

Date. 

Amerioan 
Yacht. 

Time. 

H.   H.  3. 

Englisii 
Yacht. 

Time. 
H.  M.  s. 

Result. 

M.  8. 

Aug.  22,  1851 

America 

10  37.00 

Aurora 

10.55.00 

American  boat  first  home  by  18.00. 

Aug.     8,  1870 

Magic 

3. 5S. 26  2-10 

Cambria 

4.37.38  9-10 

American  boat  won  by 

39.12. 

Oct.    16,  1871 

Columbia. . .  . 

r,  19.41 

Livonia 

6.46.45 

American  boat  won  by 

27.04. 

Oct.    18,  1871 

Columbia.. .  . 

i.07A-i 

Livonia 

3.18.15 

American  boat  won  by 

10.33. 

Oct.    19,  1871 

♦Columbia . . . 

4   17.35 

Livonia 

4.02.25 

*  English  boat  won  by 

15.10. 

Oct.    21,  1871 

Sappho 

'i  39.02 

Livonia 

6.09.23 

American  boat  won  by 

30.21. 

Oct.    23,  1871 

Sappho 

4  46.17 

Livonia 

5. 11.44 

American  boat  won  by 

25.27. 

Aug.  11,  1876 

Madeleine . . . 

0.23.54       1 

Countess  of    J 
DuHerin      1 

5.34.53 

American  boat  won  by 

10.59. 

Aug.  12,  1876 

Madeleine.. . 

r.  13.46      ] 

Countess  of   j 
Dufferin 

7.46.00 

American  boat  won  by 

27.14. 

Nov.    9,  1881 

Mischief 

-i   17.09      ' 

Atalanta 

4.45.39M 

American  boat  won  by. 

28.30H 

Nov.  10,  1881 

Mischief 

4.54.53 

.■^talanta 

5.33.47 

American  boat  won  by 

38.54. 

Sept.  14,  1885 

Puritan 

6.06.05 

Genesta 

6.22.24 

American  boat  won  by 

16.19. 

Sept.  16,  1885 

Pliritau 

5  03.14 

Genesta 

5.04.52 

American  boat  won  by 

1.38. 

Sept.    9,  1886 

Mayflower, . 

5  26.41 

Galatea ...... 

5 . 38 . 43 

American  boat  won  by 

12.02. 

Sept.  11,  1886 

Mayflower. 

6.49.00 

Galatea 

7.18.09 

American  boat  won  by 

29.09. 

Sept.  27,  1887 

Volunteer .... 

*  .5.J.18 

Thistle 

5.12.41M 

American  boat  won  by 

19.23?.i. 

Sept.  30,  1887 

Volunteer...  . 

5  42.56K 

Thistle 

5.54.45 

American  boat  won  by 

11.48K. 

Oct.      7,  1893 

Vigilant 

4.05.47 

Valkyrie  II . .  . 

4  .n.35 

American  boat  won  by 

5.48. 

Oct.      9,  1893 

Vi'^laat 

3.25.01 

Valkyrie  II .  .  . 

3.3.i.36 

American  boat  v/on  by 

10.35. 

Oct.    13,  1893 

Vigilant 

3.24  39 

Valkyrie  II .  .  . 

3.25.19 

American  boat  v/on  by 

.40. 

Sept.    7,  1895 

Defender ... 

4.59.54  9-10 

Valkyrie  III .  . 

5 . 08 . 44 

American  boat  won  by    8 .  49  1-10. 

Sept.  10,  1895 

Defender.  .  .  . 

3.55.56 

Valkyrie  III .  . 

tdicqualifled 

American  boat  v/on  on  foul. 

Sept.  12,  1895 

Defender 

4,43.43 

Valkyrie  III .  . 

withdrew 

American  boat  had  walk 

over. 

Oct.    16,  1899 

Columbia 

4.53.53 

Shamrock  I . .  . 

5.04.01 

American  boat  won  by 

10.08. 

Oct.    17,  1899 

Columbia .... 

3.27.00 

Shamrock  I . .  . 

disabled 

American  boat  had  v.-alk 

over. 

Oct.    20,  1899 

Columbia 

3.38.09 

Shamrock  I . .  . 

3.44.43 

.American  boat  won  by 

6.34. 

Sept.  28,  1901 

Columbia 

4.30.24 

Shamrock  II . . 

4.31.44 

Ameiica,n  boat  won  by 

1.20. 

Oct.      3.  1901 

Columbia 

3.12.35 

Shamrock  II . . 

3.16.10 

American  boat  won  by 

3.35. 

Oct.     4,  1901 

Columbia.. . . 

4.32.57 

Shamrock  II. . 

4.33.38 

tAm!;rican  boat  won  by 

.41. 

Aug.  22,  1903 

Reliance 

3.3:{.17 

Shamrock  III . 

3.39.20 

American  boat  won  by 

7.03. 

Aug.  27,  1903 

Reliance 

3.14.54 

Shamrock  III. 

3.16.13 

American  boat  won  by 

1.19. 

Sept.    3,  1903 

Reliance 

4.28.06 

Shamrock  III . 

Engli.sh  boat  lost  in  fog. 

*  Columbia  disabled,  but  finished  race.  tValkyTle  III.  fouled  Defender,  and  the  race  was  awarded 
to  American  boat,  though  the  cliallenger  finished  47s.  ahead  in  3.55.09.  t  Shamrock  II.  finished  first, 
but  lo-.t  race  on  time  allowance  of  43s.  The  Reliance  allowed  the  Shamrock  III.  Im.  57s.  in  all  their  races, 
Reliance  measuring  108.41  ft.  and  Shamrock  III.  104.37  ft.  In  the  preliminary  trials  between  Reliance, 
Constitution  and  Columbia  the  Constitution  won  tlu'ee  races,  although  Reliance  was  selected  as  the  Cup 
flelendor. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


469 


HOCKEY. 


STANLEY  CUP  PLAY. 

Stanley  Cup  Match  for  World's  Professional 
Hockey  Championship,  played  at  Toronto,  Can., 
ending,  March  31.     Result: 

First  game — Toronto,  5;  Vancouver,  Z.  Second 
(.Tame — Vancouver,  6:  Toronto,  4.  Third  game — 
'i'orouto,  6;  Vancouver,  3.  Fourth  game — Vancouver, 
8;  Toronto,  1.  Fifth  game — Toronto,  2;  Vancouver,  1. 

Complete  score: 

P.      W.      L.      P.  C.     G.     O.  G. 

Toronto 5         3         2  .600       18         21 

Vancouver 5        2         3         .400       21         18 

Pa.st  Winners  of  Stanley  Cup — 1900,  Shamrocks 
of  Montreal;  1901,  Victorias  of  Winnipeg;  1902, 
Montreal;  1903,  Ottawa;  1904,  Ottawa;  1905.  Ot- 
tawa; 190C,  Wanderers;  1907,  Wanderers;  1908, 
W.anderers;  1909,  Ottawa;  1910,  Wanderers;  1911, 
Ottawa;  1912,  Quebec;  1913,  Quebec;  1914,  Toronto; 
191.5,  Vancouver;  1916,  Les  Canadiens;  1917,  Metro- 
politans of  Seattle.  Wash. 

HOCKEY  LEAGUES;  FINAL  STANDING. 
NATIONAL  HOCKEY  LEAGUE. 

Won.     Lost.     P.  C. 

Pittsburgh  A.  A 10  2  .833 

Boston  Navy 6  5  .545 

N.  Y.  Wandei-ers 4  7  .364 

Boston  Arena 2  S  .200 

NEW  YOKK  AMATEUR  LEAGUE. 

Won.     Lost.     P.  C. 

Hockey  Club 3  0  1000 

Crescent  A.  C 1  2  .333 

•St.  Nicholas  S.  C 1  3  .250 

NEW  YORK  BANKERS'  LEAGUE. 

Won.     Lost.     P.  C. 

Farmers  L.  &  T.  Co 6  2  .750 

v^quJtable  Trust h  3  .625 

National  City  Bank 5  4  .556 

Guaranty  Trust 0  7  .000 

LONG  ISLAND  INTERSCHOLASTIC  LEAGUE. 

Won.     Lost.     Tied. 

Erasmus  Hall 6  0  1 

Poly  Prep 4  12 

Flushing 4  1  2 

Jamaica 4  2  1 

New  Utrecht 3  4  0 

Manual  Training 2  3  1 

Commercial 1  5  1 

Boys'  High 0  7  0 

BOSTON  INTERSCHOLASTIC  LEAGUE. 

Won.     Lost.     Tied. 

Newton 6  0  1 

Cambridge 4  2  1 

Brookline 3  2  2 

Medford 3  2  3 

Aillngton . ; 2  3  1 

Melrose I  4  2 

Rindge 0  6  0 

PITTSBURGH  A.  A.  SEVEN  RECORD. 
December  14 — P.  A.  A.,  2;  Royal  Canadians,  2. 
December  15 — y.  A.  A.,  1;  Royal  Canadians,  0. 
December  29 — P.  A.  A .,  2 ;  Loyola  College,  1 .  Decem- 
ber 29 — P.  A.  A..  5;  Loyola  College,  0.  January  4 — 
P.  A.  .\.,  4;  Abenleeiis,  3.  January  5 — P.  A.  A.,  6; 
Aberdeens,  2.  January  11 — P.  A.  A.,  5;  Munitions, 
1.  January  12 — P.  A.  A.,  3;  Munitions,  2.  January 
25 — P.  A.  A.,  6;  Royal  F.  Corps,  1.  January  26 — 
P.  A.  A.,  8;  Royal  F.  Corps, 5.  February  1 — P.  A.  A., 
8;  Dartmouth  Col.,  0.  February  2 — P.  A.  A.,  7; 
Dartmouth  Col.,  5.  February  9— P.  A.  A.,  5; 
N.  Y.  Wanderers,  3.  February  10 — P.  A.  A..  0; 
N.  Y.  Wanderers,  4.  February  15 — P.  A.  A.,  2; 
Boston  Arena,  0.  February  16 — P.  A.  A.,  8;  Boston 
Arena,  2.  February  22 — P.  A,  A.,  2;  Boston  Ai-ena, 
0.  February  23— P.  A.  A.,  4;  Boston  Arena,  0. 
February  25 — P.  A.  A.,  4;  N.  Y.  Wanderers,  2. 
February  27 — P.  A.  A.,  6;  N.  Y.  Wanderers.  3. 
March  1 — P.  A.  A.,  11;  G.  Lakes  N.  T.  S.,  1.  March 
»— P.  A.  A.,  4;  Boston  Navy,  1.  March  9 — P.  A.  A., 
3;  Boston  Navy,  2.  March  15 — P.  A.  A.,  1;  Boston 
Navy,  5.  March  16 — P.  A.  A.,  3;  Boston  Navy,  4. 
March  18 — P.  A.  A.,  5;  N.  Y.  Wanderers,  7.  March 
23 — P.  A.  A.,  6;  Hochelaga  Club,  1.  March  25— 
P.  A.  A.,  3;  Hochelaga  Club,  3.  March  26— P.  A.  A., 
7;  Hochelaga  Club,  .3. 


INDIVIDUAL  SCORING. 
(Goals.) 
L.  McCormick,  38;  Herbert  Drury,  38;  Capt.  Joe 
McCormick,  31;  Eddie  Nagle,  15;  F.  C.  Madden.  S; 
R.  McCrlmmon,  6;  A.  J.  Baker,  1.    Total,  137. 

SCORES  OF  COLLEGE,  LEAGUE  AND  EXHI- 
BITION GAMES., 
January  19 — Army,  1;  Princeton,  0;  at  West 
Point,  N.  Y.  Mass.  Aggies,  2;  ..William.s,  1;  at 
North  Adams,  Mass.  Wanderers,  4;  Munitions,  1; 
at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

.January  22 — Newport  Naval  Reserve,  5;  Boston 
College,  2;  at  Bo.ston,  Mass. 

January  26 — Williams,  3;  Army,  2;  at  West  Point, 
N.  Y.  Boston  Arenas,  2;  Wanderers,  0;  at  Boston, 
Mas.s. 

January  28 — Wanderers,  1;  Boston  Arenas,  0; 
at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

January  30 — Wanderers,  2;  Boston  Arenas,  1; 
at  Boston,  Mass.  Harvard,  1;  Newport  Naval 
Reserve,  0;  at  Cambridge,  Ma.ss. 

February  1 — Army,  2;  Erasmits  Hall,  0;  at  West 
Point,  N.  Y.  Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  8;  Dartmouth,  0; 
at  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

February  2 — Army,  2;  Mass.  Aggies,  1;  at  West 
Point,  N.  Y.  Boston  .Arenas,  4;  Sons  of  Ireland.3; 
at  Boston,  Mass.  Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  7;  Dartmouth, 
5;  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

February  4 — Wanderers,  4;  Sons  of  Ireland,  0; 
at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

February  5 — Nava!  District,  5;  Boston  Arenas,  0; 
at  Boston,  Mass. 

February  6 — Harvard,  1;  Wanderers,  1;  at  Boston, 
Mass.  Boston  College,  3;  Boston  University,  1;  at 
Boston,  Mass. 

February  9 — Dartmouth,  3;  Mass.  Aggies,  0;  at 
Amherst,  Mass.  Charlestown  Navy,  3;  Boston 
All-Star,  1;  at  Boston,  Mass. 

February  11 — Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  6;  Wanderers,  4; 
at  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

February  12 — Eo.stou  Arenas,  4;  Chai'le.stown 
Navy,  1;  at  Boston,  Mass. 

February  14 — All  BrookbTi,  3;  All  New  York,  2; 
at  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Februai-y  15 — Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  2;  Boston  Arenas, 
0;  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

February  16 — Mass.  Aggies,  5;  Dartmouth,  3; 
at  Hanover,  N.  H.  Harvard  l^Yeshmen,  7;  Yale 
Freshmen,  0;  at  B.oston,  Mass.  Pittsburgh  A.  A., 
8;  Boston  Arenas,  2:  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

February  18 — Wanderers,  3;  Boston  Navy,  2; 
at  Brooklyn,  N.   Y. 

February  22 — Pittsburgh  A.  h.,  2;  Boston  Arenas, 
0;  at  Boston,  Ma^.'J. 

February  23 — Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  4;  Boston  .Arenas, 
0;  at  Boston,  Mass. 

February  25 — Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  4;  Wanderers,  2; 
at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

February  27 — Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  6;  Wanderers,  3: 
at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

March  2 — Boston  Navy,  7;  Wanderers,  0;  at 
Boston,  Mass. 

March  8— Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  4;  Boston  Navy,  1; 
at  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

March  9— Boston  Arenas,  6;  McGill  University, 
1;  at  Boston,  Mas?. 

March  12 — Boston  Navy,  4;  WandCTers,  3;  at 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

March  IS — Ypren  (Winnipeg),  6;  Kitchener 
(Toronto),  4;  (2  games) ;  won  Allen  Cup;  at  Toronto, 
Can.    Boston  Navy,  5;  Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  1 ;  at  Boston, 

March  10 — Wanderers,  9;  Boston  Arenas,  0;  at 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

March  18 — Wanderers,  7;  Pittsburgh.  5;  at 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

March  19 — De  la  Salle  (Toronto),  10;  Barrie  Colts, 
8;  O.  H.  A.  Junior  Championship,  at  Barrie,  Canada. 

March  20 — Boston  Navy,  C;  Boston  Arenas,  0; 
at  Boston,  Mass. 

March  23 — Newton  High  School,  8;  Erasmus  Hall, 
0;  at  Boston,  Mass.. 

March  25 — Pittsbui>gh  A.  A.,  16;  Hochelaga  (Mon- 
treal), 7;  Total  for  three  games  for  Fellows  Cup, 
Emblematic   International   Hockey   Championship. 


470 


Sporting  Records— Continued. 


SKATENC. 


METROPOLITAN  CHAMPIONSHIP. 

Titular  races  held  at  New  York,  N.  Y.,  at  various 
Gates  during  winter.  Results:  Indoor,  one-mile, 
Metropolitan  Championship — Won  by  Walter 
Kuehne,  unattached;  William  F.  Taylor,  unattached, 
second;  Joe  Moore,  St.  Nicholas,  third.  Time — 3m. 
8s.  Quarter-mile,  Metropolitan  Championship — 
Won  by  Walter  Kuehne,  imattached;  William  F. 
Taylor,  unattached,  second;  Warren  Beebe,  Long 
Branch,  third.  Time— 45s.  Outdoor,  Quarter-mile 
Championship — Won  by  Walter  Kuehne,  unattached; 
W.  Stuphln,  Tremont  Skating  Rink,  second;  William 
Taylor,  unattached,  third.  Time — 42s.  Half-mile 
Championship — Won  by  Joseph  Miller,  unattached; 
William  Taylor,  unattached,  second;  W.  Stuphln, 
Tremont  Skating  Club,  third.  Time—  Im.  28  2-5s. 
Mile  Championshii) — Won  by  Charles  Schmidt, 
Tremont  Skating  Club;  Walter  Kuehne,  unattached, 
second;  Joseph  Miller,  unattached,  third.  Time — 
2m.  67  2-53. 

PROFESSIONAL  RACES. 

January  6,  Chicago,  III. — Bobby  McLean  de- 
feated Oscar  Mathiesen  at  220  yards,  one  mile,  and 
two  miles  in  match  races,  the  winner's  time  being 
20  l-5s.,  2m.  36  2-5s.,  and  5m.  54  3-5s.,  respectively. 

January  7,  Chicago,  III.— Bobby  McLean  de- 
feated Oscar  Mathiesen  at  440  yards  and  three 
miles  in  match  races,  the  winner's  time  being  37  2-5s. 
and  9m.  Is.,  respectively. 

January  27,  St.  Paul,  Minn. — Bobby  McLean 
defeated  Oscar  Mathiesen  at  220  yards  and  two 
miles  in  match  races,  the  winner's  time  being  20s. 
and  5m.  38  l-5s.,  respectively.  Mathiesen  won  the 
one-mile  race  in  2m.  40s.  „  ,.^    ,,  ^ 

February  7,  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. — Bobby  McLean 
defeated  Edmund  Lamy  at  220  yards  and  one  mile 
(pursuit),  the  winner's  time  being  20s.  and  2m. 
52  3-5s.,  respectively.  Lamy  won  the  two-mile 
(pursuit)  race  in  6m.  15s.  „  ,x,    ,,  ., 

February  8,  Saranac  Lake,  N.  Y. — Bobby  McLean 
flefeated  Edmund  Lamy  at  440  yards,  880  yards, 
and  three  miles  in  match  races,  the  winner's  time 
being  36  4-5s.,  Im.  20  l-5s.,  and  9m.  1  2-5s.,  respec- 
tively 

February  16,  Lake  Placid,  N.  Y. — Bobby  McLean 
flefeated  Oscar  Mathiesen  ani  Edmund  Lamy  at 


880  yards  in  a  match  race,  the  winner's  time  being 
Im.  15s. 

March  17t  Chicago,  111. — Norval  Baptle  defeated 
Edmund  Lamy  at  440  yards,  500  meters,  and  one 
mile  in  match  races,  the  winner's  time  being  38  4-5s., 
52  l-5s.,  and  2m.  55  4-5s.,  respectively. 

OTHER  RACES. 

February  10,  Troy,  N.  Y. — K.  W.  Bjork  won  the 
Cohoes  Marathon  Skating  Race  (26  miles)  in  Hi. 
46m.  2  2-5s.  February  10,  Plttsfleld,  Mass. — Joseph 
Miller  won  the  two-mile  and  flve-mile  New  England 
Championship  Events  in  6m.  15s.  and  16m.  2s., 
respectively. 

FIGURE  .SKATING. 
'"March  7,  New  York,  N.  Y. — International  Figure 
Skating  Championships.  Results:  Free  Skating 
(open  to  men  not  starting  in  championship) — Won 
by  Sherwin  C.  Badger,  Boston,  Mass.;  second, 
Emil  Fuchs,  New  York,  N.  Y.  Free  Skating  (open 
for  women  not  starting  in  championship) — Won  by 
Mrs.  Channing  Frothingham,  Boston,  Mass.;  second. 
Miss  Rosalie  Dunn,  New  York,  N.  Y.;  third,  Mrs. 
Lillian  Cramer.  New  York,  N.  Y.  Free  Skating 
(men's  championship) — Won  by  Nathaniel  W.  Nlles, 
Boston,  Mass.;  second,  Karl  Engel,  New  York,  N.  Y.; 
third,  Edward  M.  Howland,  Boston,  Mass.;  fourth, 
Joel  B.  Llberman,  New  York,  N.  Y.  Women's 
Championship  (five  minutes'  free  skating) — Won  by 
Mrs.  Seton  R.  Beresford,  London,  England;  second, 
Miss  Theresa  Weld,  Boston,  Mass.  Pair  Skating 
Championship  (five  minutes'  skating) — Won  by 
Miss  Weld  and  Mr.  Niles;  second,  Mrs.  Frothingham 
and  Mr.  Badger. 

OTHER  COMPETITIONS. 

February  6,  New  York,  N  Y. — Miss  T.  xTeld 
won  first  prize  in  Women's  Figure  Skating  Competi- 
tion with  Mrs.  R.  S.  Beresford  second,  and  Miss  R. 
Dunn,  third. 

February  8,  New  Y^ork,  N.  Y. — N.  W.  Niles  won 
Hippodrome  Figure  Skating  Challenge  Cup,  de- 
feating Miss  T.  Weld. 

February  9,  New  York,  N.  Y. — D.  Hodgson  won 
Novice  Figure  Skating  Competition  with  F.  M. 
Meline  second.  Miss  S.  Seligmau  won  the  Girls' 
Competition  with  Miss  1^1.  Stokes,  second. 


RECORDS. 

American  Amateur  Records:  50  yards — 5s.,  Robert  McLean,  Lake  Placid,  N.  Y.,  February  4,  1914. 
75  yards — 8  l-5s.,  r,Iorri3  Wood,  Verona  Lake,  N.  J.,  1905.  100  yards — 9  3-5s.,  Morris  Wood,  Verona 
Lake  N.  J.,  1903.  150  yards — 15  7-8s.,  G.  D.  Phillips,  January  27,  1883.  150  yards  (with  wind) — 
14  l-5s  ,  G.  D.  Phillips,  December  26,  1885.  200  yards — 16  2-5s.,  J.  C.  Hemment,  January  24,  1895.  220 
yards — 18s,  Fred.  J.  Robson,  Boston,  January  13,  1911.  220  yards  hurdles — 21  2-5s.,  Fred.  J.  Robson, 
Toronto  February  11,  1913.  300  yards — 25  2-5s.,  Ray  McWhirter,  Chicago,  111.,  March  5,  1916.  440 
yards — 35  l-5s.,  H.  P.  Mosher,  January  1,  1896.  660  yards — 59  3-5s.,  Morris  Wood,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.. 
1904.  880  yards — Im.  15  3-5s.,  Ben  O'Sicky,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  March  1,  1916.  1,320  yards— 2m.  4  l-6s., 
E  Lamy,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  January  1,  1910.  One-mile  handicap — 2m.  39  4-5s.,  Robert  G.  McLean,  Cleve- 
land, Ohio,  January  25,  1913.  One  mile,  open — 2m  41  l-5a.,  Morris  Wood,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  February 
13, 1904.  One  and  one-halt  miles — 4m.  10s.,  L.  Roe,  January  29,  1910.  Four  miles — 12m.  l-2s.,  A.  Schiebe, 
February  13,  1894.  Five  miles — 14m.  55s.,  E.  Lamy,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  1910.  Best  metre  records — 600 
metres  (656.17  yards) — 59  3-5s.,  Morris  Wood,  February  13,  1904.  1,000  metres  (1,093.61  yards) — Im. 
478.,  J.  K.  McCuUoch,  February  10,  1897.  1,500  metres  (1,640.42  yards) — 2m.  40  4-5s.,  J.  K.  McCulloch. 
February  6,  1897.  5,000  metres  (3  miles  188.06  yard^— 9m.  25  2-5s.,  J.  K.  McCulloch,  February  10,  1897. 
Tandem  skating  (440  yards) — 52  3-5s.,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  F.  MacMillan,  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  February  12, 
1916. 

World's  Amateur  Records:  500  metres — 43  7-lOs.  flat,  O.  Mathiesen,  Norway,  at  Christiania,  Norway, 
January  11,  1914.  1,000  metres — Im.  31  4-5s.,  O.  Mathiesen,  Norway,  at  Davos,  Switzerland,  January 
29,  1910.  1,500  metres — 2m.  19  l-2s.,  O.  Mathiesen,  Norway,  at  Christiania,  Norway,  January  11,  1914. 
5,000  metres — 8m.  36  3-53.,  O.  Mathiesen,  Norway,  at  Davos,  Switzerland,  January  17,  1914.  10,000 
metres — 17m.  22  6-lOs.,  O.  Mathiesen,  Norway,  at  Christiania,  Norway,  February   1,  1913. 

Professional  Records:  50  yards — 6s.,  S.  D.  See  and  C.  B.  Davidson,  New  York  City,  1885.  100  yards — 
9  4-5s.,  John  S.  Johnson,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  1893.  120  yards — 11  3-5s.,  John  S.  Johnson,  Minneapolis, 
Minn.,  1893.  150  yards  (with  wind) — 14  l-5s.,  S.  D.  See,  New  York,  February  21,  1896.  200  yards— 17 
2-53.,  John  S.  Johnson,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  February  26,  1893.  220  yards  (with  wind) — 17  4-5s.,  J.  F. 
Donohue,  Red  Bank,  N.  J.,  December  29,  1894,  and  Harley  Davidson,  Red  Bank,  N.  J.,  January  24,  1895. 
440  yards — 31  3-4s.,  John  S.  Johnson,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  February  14,  1896.  600  yards — 55  3-5s.,  O. 
Rudd,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  May  5,  1893.  880  yards — Im.  15s.,  Bobby  McLean,  Lake  Placid,  N.  Y., 
February  16,  1918.  Two-thirds  of  a  mile — Im.  54  4-5s.,  O.  Rudd,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  January  25,  1895. 
One  mile — 2m.  353.,  Arthur  Staff,  Chicago,  111.,  February  19,  1916.  One  and  one-quarter  miles — 3m.  433., 
John  S.  Johnson,  Mirmeapolis,  Minn.,  February  26,  1894.  One  and  one-third  miles— -3m.  48  l-5s.,  O.  Rudd, 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  January  25,  1895.  One  and  one-half  miles — 4m.  28s.,  John  Johnson,  Montreal,  Can., 
February  26,  1894.  One  and  two-third  miles — 4m.  45  4-5s.,  O.  Rudd,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  January  24, 
1895.  One  and  three-quarter  miles — 5m.  14s.,  John  S.  Johnson,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  February  26,  1895. 
Two  miles — 5m.  33  4-53..  John  Nilsson,  Montreal,  Can.,  February  4,  1900.  Two  and  one-half  miles — 
7m.  32s.,  John  S.  Johnson,  Montreal,  Can.,  February  26,  1894.  Three  miles — 8m.  41  l-5s.,  John  Nilsson. 
Montreal,  Can.,  Febniary  4,  1900.  Three  and  one-half  miles — 10m.  393.,  John  S.  Johnson,  Montreal, 
Can.,  Februai'y  26,  1894.    Four  miles — 12m.  l-5s.,  John  Nilsson,  Montreal,  Can.,  February  5,  1897.    Four 


Sportm(j  Records — Contimied. 


471 


tsKATING — Continued. 


and  one-haU  miles — 13m.  51s.,  Johu  S.  Johuson,  Montreal,  Caai.,  February  26,  1894.  Five  miles — 14m. 
243.,  O.  Rudd,  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  February  20,  1896.  Six  miles  (made  in  10-mile  race) — 18m.  38s.,  John 
S.  Johnson,  Montreal,  Can.,  February  26,  1894.  Seven  miles  (made  in  10-mile  race) — 21m.  43s.,  John 
S.  Johnson,  Montreal,  Can.,  February  26,  1894.  Eight  miles  (made  in  10-mile  race) — 24m.  558.,  John  S. 
Johnson,  Montreal,  Can.,  February  26,  1894.  Nine  miles  (made  in  10-mile  race) — 28m.  48.,  John  S.  John- 
son, Montreal,  Can.,  February  26,  1894.  Ten  miles — John  S.  Johnson,  Montreal,  Can.,  February  26, 
1S94.  Made  In  20-mile  race  by  A.  D.  Smith,  St.  Paul.  Minn.,  January  26, 1894:  Eleven  miles — 35m.  43  4-5s., 
twelve  miles — 38m.  49  4-5s.,  thirteen  miles — 42m.  27  2-5s.,  fourteen  miles — 45m.  51  4-53.,  fifteen  miles — 
49ni.  17  3-5s.,  sixteen  miles — 52m.  42  4-5s.,  seventeen  miles — 56m.  9  l-5s.,  eighteen  miles — 59m.  34  l-5s. 
nineteen  miles — Ih.  3m.  4  3-5s.,  twenty  miles — Ih.  6m.  36  2-5s.  Twenty-five  mile? — Ih.  30m.  15s.,  John 
Karlsen.T-Minneapolls,  Minn.,  February  6,  1916.  Thirty  miles  (made  in  l(X)-miIe  race): — Ih.  63m.  20s., 
J.  F.  Donohuc,  Stamford,  Ct.,  January  26,  1893.  Forty  miles  (made  in  100-mile  race) — 2h.  34m.  46s.i 
J.  F.  Donohue,  Stamford,  Ct.,  January  26,  1893.  Fifty  miles  (made  in  100-mile  race) — 3h.  15m.  59  2-5s., 
J.  F.  Donohue,  Stamford,  Ct.,  Januaiy  26,  1893.  Sixty  miles  (made  in  100-mile  race)^ — 4h.  7m.  3-5s.,  J. 
F.  Donohue,  Stamford,  Ct.,  January  26,  1893.  Seventy  miles  (made  in  100-mile  race) — 4h.  55m.  3-53., 
J.  V.  Donohue,  Stamford,  Ct.,  January  20,  1893.  Eighty  miles  (made  in  100-mile  race) — 5h.  41m.  55s., 
J.  F.  Donohue,  Stamford,  Ct.,  January  26,  1893.  Ninety  miles  (made  in  100-mile  race) — oh.  25m.  57  3-5s., 
J.  F.  Donohue,  Stamford,  Ct.,  January  26,  1893.  100  miles — 7h.  11m.  38  l-5s.,  J.  F.  Donohue,  Stamford, 
Ct.,  January  26,   1893. 


BOWLtNC. 


THE  eighteenth  annual  tournament  of  the  Ameri- 
can Bowling  Congress  was  held  at  Cincinnati,  O., 
ending  on  March  10.  The  first  ten  teams  or  com- 
petitors in  each  event,  with  scores,  follow:  Five- 
Men  Teams — Aquilas  Cigars,  St.  Paul,  3,022;  Page 
Dairys,  Toledo,  2,961;  Champion  Spark  Plugs, 
Toledo,  2,908;  Atliearns,  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  2,892; 
Claudius,  Chicago,  2,891;  Elm,  Rochester,  N.  Y., 
2,885:  P.  J.  Schmidt,  Detroit,  2,874;  Marolt  Shoe 
Shops,  Indianapolis,  2,373;  Shymanski  &  Son, 
Louisville,  2,861;  Mineralites,  Chicago,  2,858. 
Doubles — H.  Steers- Fred  Thoma,  Chicago,  1,335;  S. 
Goodman-A.  Jenks,  Canton,  O.,  1,287;  J.  Porto- 
M.  Lindsey,  New  Haven,  1,282;  G.  Stewart-C.  Moses, 
Toledo,  O.,  1,267;  W.  Doehiman-F.  Farnan.  Fort 
Wayne,  1,259;  A.  Planer-G.  Inden,  Milwaukee,  1,254; 
G.  Fritz-J.  McCormack,  Toledo,  O.,  1,249;  M. 
McDowell-C.  T.  Hies,  Cleveland,  1,247;  E.  Auderson- 
D.  Anderson.  CMcago.  1,247;  L.  Pflum-W.  Ott, 
Chicago,    1,246.     Singles — C.    Styles,   Detroit,    702; 

F.  Reichman,  Milwaukee,  685;  C.  Wagner,  Newark, 
N.  J.,  680;  H.  Steers,  Chicago,  675;  Eddie  Herrmami, 
Cleveland,  673;  G.  Leonard,  Detroit,  672;  J.  Haytas, 
Cleveland,  069;  William  Ready,  Chicago,  668;  C. 
Shank.  Louisville.  666;  J.  Seimer,  Eau  Claire,  Wis., 
663;  J.  Kllpatrlck,  Detroit,  663.  All  Events-^ll, 
Steers,  Chicago,  1,953;  J.  Neuman,  Peoria,  1,941. 
M.  Lindsey,  New  Haven,  1,921;  C.  Moses,  Toledo; 
1,888;  F.  I'-arnan,  Fort  Wayne,  1,871;  G.  Thies. 
Cleveland,  1.861:  E.  Herrmann,  Cleveland,  1,861;  W. 
Otto,  Chicago.  l,Soo. 

N.  B.  A.  TOURNAMENT  RECORDS. 
Individual  High  Score,  One  Game — O.  Kallusch, 
288,  Biiffalo.  1911.  Individual  Total,  Three  Games — 

G.  Kiunpf,  Buffalo  (Rochester,  1913),  712.  Two- 
men,  Single  Game — McGuirk-Grady,  Paterson,  N. 
J.  (Rochester),  523.  Two-Men,  Tliree-Gamc  Total— 
Keisey-Jonnson,  New  Haven,  Ct.  (Buffalo,  1911), 
1,355.  Five-Men,  Single  Game— Birk  Bros.,  Chi- 
cago, 111.  (Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  1917),  1,102.  Five- 
Men,  Total  Three  Games — Bh'k  Bros..  Chicago, 
111.  (Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  1917),  3,061.  High  In- 
dividual Average,  All  Events — M.  Lindsey,  New 
Haven  Club  (Paterson,  N.  J.,  1912),  225  6-9. 

WORLD'S  RECORDS. 
Individual,  Open,  Three  Games — Koy  Flagg, 
Aberdeen,  S.  Dak.,  270,  300,  300;  total,  870;  average, 
290.  William  E.  Roach,  Academy  Alleys,  Wil- 
mington, Del.,  300,  300,  269;  totial,  869;  average, 
289  2-3,  1906.  Six  Games — Lee  R.  John,s,  Oxford 
Alleys,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1909,  279,  208,  248,  277,  277, 
279;  total,  1,628;  average,  271  1-3.  All  Events — 
Mortimer  Lindsey,  New  Haven,  Ct.,  2,031  for  9 
games,  averaging  225  6-9,  in  N.  B.  A.  tournament  at 
Paterson,  N.  J.,  1912;  James  Smith,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
2,060  for  9  games,  averaging  228  8-9,  in  Canadian 
Bowling  Association  tournament  at  Toronto,  Ont., 
1912.  Head  Pin — Oscar  Steinquest,  Riverside  Alleys. 
New  York,  118,  1909.  Tournament,  Three  Games — 
Charles  Schaeder,  Amphion  Alleys,  Brooklyn,  267, 
279,  278;  average,  271  1-3,  1907.  Six  Games — Charles 
Schaeder,  Amphion  Alleys,  Brooklyn,  236,  255,  267, 
279,  263,  232;  total,  1,537;  average,  256  1-6,  1907. 
Seventy-five  Games — Fred  B.  Egelhott,  Palace 
Alleys,  Brooklyn,  average,  230.29,   1906.     Greatest 


Number  of* 300  Scores — John  Kaster,  of  New  York, 
12.  Highest  Woman's  Score — Mrs.  NeUie  Lester, 
Lenox  Alleys,  New  York,  277,  IC09.  Two-Men, 
Open — Knox-Satterthwaite,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  537. 
February  18,  1912.  Three.  Gaines — Kno.x-Satter- 
thwaite,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1,445,  February  18,  1912, 
Tournament — McGuirk-Grady,  ol  Paterson,  N.  J., 
in  N.  B.  A.  tournament,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  523,  1908. 
Three  Games — McGuirk-Grady,  same  place  and 
time,  1,318.  Three-Men,  Open — Mortimer  Liudsey, 
Glenn  Riddell,  Alex  Dunbar,  Columbia  Alleys,  New 
York,  757,  1908.  Tourn.ament— Imperial  team, 
Brooklyn  Palace  Tournament,  748,  in  1910.  Five- 
Men,  Open — All  Wooden  Balls — Algonquins,  New 
York,  Columbia  Alleys,  New  York,  1,175,  1906; 
Vermonts,  Chicago,  1,290,  1917.  Three  Games — 
Brooklyn  Interstate  Team,  Grand  Central  Alleys, 
Brooklyn,  average,  1,126,  1905.  Rochester  State 
League  team  at  Rochester,  January  21,  1913,  against 
SjTacuse,  3,497  pins,  average,  1,165.2.  Four  Games, 
same  team  and  place,  average,  1,124.  Tournament — 
Howard  Majors,  Chicago,  1,207,  1907;  Koenlg  and 
Kaiser  team,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1,207,  1908;  Biu-kes, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  1,207,  1909.  Three  Games — Howard 
Majors,  Chicago,  111.,  average,  1,124,  1906.  Head 
Pin — Roseville  A.  A.,  Iroquois  Alleys,  Newark, 
N.  J.,  545,  1909. 

INTERNATIONAL   WOMEN'S  BOWLING 
LEAGUE. 

Annual  tournament  held  at  Cincinnati,  O.,  ending 
March  12.  First  five  teams  or  competitors  in  each 
event,  with  scores,  follow:  Individuals — Mrs.  F. 
Steid,  Detroit,  537;  Mrs.  O.  Kissnei',  Milwaukee, 
535;  Mrs.  A.  Jager,  Toledo,  529;  Mrs.  G.  Greenwald, 
Cleveland,  525;  Mrs.  N.  Schroeder,  Chicago,  520. 
Two-Woman  Event — Mrs.  R.  Acker  and  Mrs.  J. 
Reilley,  Chicago,  1,012;  Mrs.  T.  Jonas  and  Mrs.  R. 
Abraham,  Milwaukee,  1,006;  Mrs.  Stertz,  St.  Louis, 
and  Mrs.  Garwood,  Cleveland,  1,000;  Mrs.  A.  Gray 
and  Mrs.  A.  Jager,  Toledo,  995;  Mrs.  Z.  Quin  and 
Mrs.  G.  Domblaser,  Chicago,  985.  Five-Woman 
Teams — Leffingwell  Ladles,  Chicago,  2,479.  Eastern 
.Market,  Detroit.  2,318;  M.  Butler,  Toledo,  2,310; 
Moerle,  No.  2,  Cincinnati,  2,293;  Beusinger,  Wabash 
Ladies,  Chicago,  2,263. 

OTHER   EVENTS. 

Ohio  State  championship  tcnimament  held  at 
Cleveland,  O.,  ending  February  9.  First  five  com- 
petitors or  teams  in  each  event,  with  scores,  follow: 
Five-Man  Teams — Paige  Dairies,  Toledo,  2,939; 
Midland  Tiros,  Cleveland,  2,797;  Overlands,  Toledo, 
2,788;  Jantz  Bandels,  Cleveland,  2,757;  United 
Alleys,  Canton,  2,748;  Threms,  Toledo,  2,748. 
Doubles  —  Martin-Davis,  Youngstown,  1,236; 
Gazzolo-Ziebert,  Toledo,  1,215;  Robishaw-Nitschke, 
Cleveland,  1,204;  Baker-Kramer,  Cleveland,  1,193; 
Sauers-Kleinert,  Akron,  1,190.  Singles — Paul, 
Cleveland,  655;  Stiegelmeier,  Cleveland,  644;  Bluck, 
Cleveland,  643;  Higgins,  Toledo,  636;  Elwell,  Cleve- 
land, 030.  All  Events — John  Bluck,  Cleveland. 
1,811;  H.  Stiegelmeier,  Cleveland,  1,810. 

World's  championship  candle  pin  tournament, 
held  at  Worcester,  Mass.,  ending  May  28,  won  by 
John  Tagg,  of  Athol,  with  a  score  of  1,061  for  ten 
strings. 


472 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


WORLD'S    ATHLETIC    RECORDS. 

Acknowledged  by  International  Amateur  Athletic  Federation. 
(Owing  to  the  war  there  have  been  no  meetings  of  the  I.  A.  A.  F.  since  1914  and  no  records  applied  for.) 

RUNNING. 


Event. 

Time. 

Holder. 

Nation. 

Date. 

100  yards 

9  3-5s 

D.  J.  Kelly 

f  B.  J.  Wefers 

\  R.  C.  Craig 

t  D.  F.  Llppincotfc 

B.  J.  Wefers..... 

M. W.  Long 

M.  W.  Sheppard 

J.  E.  Meredith 

M.  W.  Sheppard 

T.  P.  Conneff 

N.  S.  Taber 

A.  Shrubb 

U.  S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

U.S.  A 

U.S.  A 

U.S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

U.S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

U.S.  A 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

France 

England 

June 
May 
May 
May 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Aug. 
July 
July 
Aug. 

July 
June 
May 
June 
May 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
July 
Sept. 
May 
July 
May 

23    1906 

220  yards 

21  l-5s 

30,  1896 
28    1910 

300  yards 

440  yards 

30  3-5s 

47  4-5s 

31,  1913 
26,  .1896 
29    iqno 

600  vards 

Im.  10  4-53 

14    1910 

880  yards 

1,000  yards 

1,320  yards 

1  mile 

Im.  52  1-28 

2m.  12-2-53 

3m.    2  4-5s 

4m.  12  3-53 

8,  1912 
17,  1910 
21,  1896 
16,   1915 

2  miles 

9m.    9  3-5s 

11,   1904 

3  miles 

14m.  17  3-5s 

A.  Shrubb 

21.   1903 

4  miles 

19ra.  23  2-5s 

A.  Shrubb 

13,   1904 

'  5  miles 

24m.  33  2-5s 

A.  Shrubb 

12,   1904 

6  miles '. 

29m.  59  2-5s  

A.  Shrubb 

5    1904 

7  miles 

35m.    4  3-5s   

A.  Shrubb     

5    1904 

8  miles 

40m.  16s 

A.  Shrubb  

5    1904 

9  miles 

45m.  27  3-5s 

A.  Shrubb 

5,   1904 

10  miles 

50m.  40  3-5s   

A.  Shrubb 

5,  1904 

15  miles 

Ih.  20m.  4  2-5s 

F.  ADolebv 

21     1902 

20  miles 

lb.  51m.  54s   

G.  Grossland 

22,   1894 

25  miles 

2h.  29m.  29  2-5s 

H.  Green 

12,  1913 

One  hour 

11  miles  1,442  yards 

20  miles  952  yards 

J.  Bouin 

6,   1913 

Two  hours 

H.  Green 

12.  1913 

METRIC  DISTANCES. 


EVENT. 


100  metres . . 

200  metres. . 

300  metres . . 

300  metres.  . 

400  metres . . 

500  metres . . 

800  metres . . 

1,000  metres. . 

♦L.^OO  metres. . 

•3,000  metres . . 

5,000  metres  . 

10,000  metres. . 

10,000  metres 

15  kilometres 

20  kilometres 

One  hour 


Time. 


10.6s 

21.6s 

36.4s 

36.4s 

48.2s 

Im.    7.6s. . . 

Im.  51.9s.. . 

2m.  32.3s. . . 

3m.  55.8s 

8m.  36.8s 

14m.  36.0s 

30m.  58.8s 

31m.  20.83... 
47m.  18.6s. .  . 
ih.  7m.  57.4s. 
19,021m.,  90cm. 


Holder. 


D.  F.  Lippiucott. 

A.  Hahn 

F.  Mezei 

Falllot 

C.  Reldpath 

F.  Rajz 

J.  E.  Meredith. . . 

Mlckler 

A.  R.  Kivlat 

H.  Kolehmainen. . 
H.  Kolehmainen. . 

J.  Bouin 

H.  Kolehmainen. . 

J.  Bouin 

A.  Ahlgren 

J.  Bouin. 


Nation. 


•During  191G  J.  Zander  ran  1,500  and  3,000  metree  in  3m. 

WALKING. 


U.  S.  A.  . 
U.  S.  A.  . 
Hungary . 
France. . . 
U.  S.  A .  . 
Hungary . 
U.  S.  A .  . 
Germany. 
U.  S.  A.  . 
Finland . . 
Finland.  . 
France. . . 
Finland .  . 
France. . . 
Sweden.  . 
France. . . 


Date. 


1912 
1904 
1913 
1908 
1912 
1913 
1912 
1913 
1912 
1912 
1912 
1913 
1912 
1913 
1913 
1913 


54.7s.  and  Sm.  35s.  respectively. 


Event. 

Time. 

Holder. 

Nation. 

Date. 

1  mile 

6m.  25  4-5s 

G.  H.  Goulding 

Canada 

England 

England.  ....... 

England 

England 

England 

June 
July 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
July 
July 
May 
Dec. 
May 
Sept. 
May 

4,   1910 

2  miles 

13m.  11  2-5s 

G.  E.  Larner 

13,   1904 

3  miles. 

20m.  25  4-5s 

27m.  14s 

G.  E.  Larner 

19,   1905 

G.  E.  Larner 

19,   1905 

36m.  l-5s 

G.  B.  Larner 

30,   1905 

6  miles     

43m.  26  l-5s 

50m.  50  4-5s 

G.  E.  Larner 

30.   1905 

7  miles 

G.  E.  Larner 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

England 

30,   1905 

8  miles 

58m.  18  2-5s   

G.  E.  Larner 

30,  1905 

9  miles 

Ih.    7m.  37  4-5s 

Ih.  15m.  57  2-5s 

G.  E.  Larner 

17,  1908 

10  miles 

G.  E.  Larner 

17,   1908 

15  miles 

Ih.  59m.  12  3-53 

2h.  47m.  523 

H.  V.  L.  Ross 

20,  1911 

20  miles 

T.  Griffith ■ 

30,   1870 

25  miles 

3h.  37m.    6  4-5s 

8  miles  438  yards 

15  miles  128  yards 

S.  C.  A.  Schofield 

20,   1911 

One  hour 

Two  hours 

G.  E.  Larner 

H.  V.  L.  Ross 

30,   1905 
20,   1911 

JUMPING. 


Event. 

Height  or  Distance. 

Holder. 

Nation. 

Date. 

Standing  high. . . . 

5  ft.    6  3-4  in 

L.  Goehring 

G.  L.  Horlne 

R.  C.  Ewry 

P.  O'Connor 

U.S.  A 

U.S.  A 

U.S.  A 

England 

U.  S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

June   14,  1913 

Running  high.. .. 
Standing  broad. . . 
Running  broad. . . 

6  ft.    7  in  

11  ft.    4  7-8  in 

24  ft.  11  3-4  In 

May  18,  1912 
Aug.  29,  1904 
Aug.     5,  1901 

Hop,  St'p  &  J'mp. 
Pole  vault 

50  ft.  11  in 

13  ft.    2  1-4  in 

D.  F.  Ahearne 

M.  S.  Wright 

July  31,  1909 
June     8,  1912 

WEIGHT  EVENTS. 

EVENT. 

Distance. 

Holder. 

Nation. 

Date. 

Putting  16-lb.  weight 

51  ft 

R.  Rose 

P.  Ryan 

M.  J.  McGrath 

decide. 

E.  V.  Lemming 

U.S.  A 

U.S.  A 

U.S.  A 

Sweflen 

Aug.  21,  1909 

Throwing  16-lb.  hammer 

Throwing  66-lb.  weight 

189  ft.  6  1-2  in.. 

40  ft.  6  3-8  in .  . 

Committee  will 
204  ft.  5  5-8  In.. 

Aug.    17.  1913 
Sept.  23,  1911 

Sept.  29,  1912 

Throwing  discus  (8  1-2-ft.  circle) . 
Tbrowlng  javelin  (held  in  middle) 

Sporting  Records — Cqntinucd. 


473 


WORI.D'.S  ATHLETIC  RECORDS— Co/Uiwwed. 


METRIC  DISTANCES. 


EVENT. 


5,000  metres .... 
10  kilometres. 


Time. 


2.im.  35.8s. . . 
46m.  28.4s. .  . 


Holder. 


T.  Blldt 

G.  H.  Gouldlng. 


Nation. 


Sweden . 
Canada . 


Date. 


1911 
1012 


HURDLES   (10  Hm-dles). 

EVBNT. 

Time. 

Holder. 

Nation. 

Date. 

120  yards  (hurdles  3  ft.  6  in.  high) 

220  yards  (hm-dles  2  ft.  6  in.  high) 

440  yards  (hurdles  3  ft.  high) 

15s 

23  3-5s. 
5fi  4-5s. 

F.  C.  Smithson 

/  A.  Kraenzlein 

\  J.  I.  Wendell 

G.  R.  L.  Anderson.  . .  . 

U.  S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

u.  s.  A ...;.. . 
England '. ;. 

July    25,  1908 
May   2S,   1898 
May   31,  1913 
July    lo,  1910 

HURDLES  (10  Hurdles). 
METRIC   DISTANCES. 


EVENT. 

Time. 

Holder. 

Nation. 

Date. 

100  tnptrps 

15s 

F.  Smithson 

U.  S.  A 

LI.  S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

1908 

24.6s 

H.  Hillman 

C.  Bacon 

1904 

400  metres 

55s 

1008 

RELAY  RACES. 
(Four  men  to  run  equal  distances.) 


Event. 

Time. 

Holders. 

Nation. 

Date. 

One  mile 

Two  miles 

Four  miles 

3m.  18  l-5s. 

7m.  53s ...  . 

17m.  51  l-5s. 

Sehaaf,  Gisslng,  Sheppard,  Rosenberger.  . . 

Riley,  Brom.llow,  Sheppard,  Klvlat 

Mahoney,  Marceau,  Powers,  Hedlund 

U.S.  A 

U.S.  A 

U.  S.  A 

Sept.    4,  1911 
Sept.    5,  1910 
June    17,  1913 

RELAY  RACES. 
(Four  men  to  run  equal  distances.) 
METRIC  DISTANCES. 


Event. 

Time. 

Country — Holders. 

Date, 

400  metres 

800  metres 

1,600  metres 

42.3s 

Im.  36s 

3m.  1G.6S 

1912 

A.  F.  IC,  Stockholm  (Ljung,  Petterson,  Almqist,  Hakan.9son) .  . 
Team  of  U.  S.  A.  (Sheppard,  Reidp.ifti,  Meredith,  Lindberg)... 

1908 
1912 

AMATEUR    AND    PROFESSIONAL    WORLD    RECORDS. 

The  amateur  records  are  also  best  American  records,  except  as  noted. 

AM.'\.TEUR    RECORDS. 


•  Event. 


100-yard  run. 
130-yard  run. 

220-yard  run . 


300-yard  run . 
440-yard  run . 

600-yard  run . 

880-yard  run. 

3i-mile  run.. . 

1-mile  run., 

2-mile  run. . 

*2-m!le  run. 

3-mlle  run. 

,  'S-mile  run. 

I  4-mile  run. 
*4-miIe  run . 

;     6-mile  run . 

,  *6-mile  run. 

'  10-mile  run. 

•10-raile  run. 


Record. 


9  3-5s. 
12  4-5s. 

21  l-5s. 


Amateur. 


im. 
Im. 
3m. 
4ra. 
9m. 


120-yard  high  hurdles. 
220-yard  low  hurdles.  . 


30  3-53 

/47s 

\47  2-5s 

10  4-5S. . 

52  l-5s. . 
2  4-5.'3.  . 

12  3-5s. . 
9  3-5s.  . 
9m.  14  l-5st . 
14m.  17  3-5s.  . 
14m.  18  l-5st. 
19m.  23  2-5s.  . 
19m.  39  4-53t . 
24m.  33  2-5s.  . 
24m.  29  l-5st . 
50m.  40  3-5s. . 
51m.    3  2-5S. . 

14  3-5S 


Running  high  jump 

Running  broad  jump 

Run.  hop.  Step  and  jtimp.. 

Putting  16-lb.  shot 

Throv/ing  16-lb.  hammer. . 

Pole  vault. 

Standing  broad  jump 

Standing  high  jump 

Three  standing  jumps 


23  3-5s. 


6  ft.    7  5-10  in 
24  ft.  11  3-4    in 

50  ft.  11  in.  .  . . 

51  ft 

189  ft.  6  1-2  in.  . 

13  ft.  2  1-4  in.. 

11  ft.  4  7-8  in.. 

5  ft.  5  3-4  In . . 

35  ft.  8  3-4  In .  . 


Dan  J.  Kelly,  Spokane,  ^^'ash 

H.  P.  Drew,  Berkeley,  Cal 

Robert  Cloughen,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

\  H.  P.  Drew,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y 

B.  J.  Wefers  (straightaway).  New  York .  . . 

D.  J.  Kelly  (slight  curve),  Spokane,  V.'ash. . 

R.  C.  Craig,  Philadelphia,  Pa 

R.  C.  Craig,  Cambridge,  Mass 

D.  F.  Lippincott,  Cambridge,  Mass 

H.  P.  Drew,  Claremont,  Cal 

G.  Parker,  Fresno,  Cal 

B.  J.  Wefers,  New  York 

M.  W.  Long  (straight),  Guttenberg,  N.  J 

J.  E.  Meredith  (1  turn),  Cambridge,  Mass.. .  . 

M.  W.  Sheppard,  Celtic  Park,  New  York 

J.  E.  Meredith,  Philadelphia,  Pa . 

T.  P.  Conneff,  Travers  Island,  N.  Y .  .  . . 

N.  S.  Taber,  Cambridge,  Mass 

A.  Shrubb,  Glasgow,  Scotland 

G.  V.  Bonhag,  Buffalo,  N.  Y 

A.  Shrubb,  Stamford  Bridge,  England 

H.  Kolehmainen,  New  York 

A.  Shrubb,  Gla.sgow,  Scotland 

G.  V.  Bonhag,  New  York 

A.  Shrubb,  Stamford  Bridge,  England .-. 

H.  Kolehmainen,  New  York 

A.  Shrubb,  Gla.'igow,  Scotland 

H.  Kolehmainen,  New  York 

f  R.  Simpson,  Columbia,  Mo 

1  R.  Simpson,  Evanstou,  111 

/  A.  C.  Kraenzlein,  New  York 

{  J.  I.  Wendell,  Cambridge,  Mass 

\  R.  Simpson,  Columbia,  Mo 

B.  Beeson,  Berkeley,  Cal 

P.  O'Connor,  Dublin,  Ireland 

D.  F.  Ahearn,  Celtic  Park,  N.  Y 

Ralph  Rose,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

P.  Ryan,  Celtic  Park,  New  York 

M.  S.  Wright,  Cambridge,  Mass 

R.  C.  Ewry,  St.  Louis,  Mo 

L.  Goehring,  Travers  Island,  N.  V 

R.  C.  Ewry,  Celtic  Park,  N.  Y 


Date. 


June 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Nov. 

May 

June 

May 

May 

May 

Feb. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

May 

Aug. 

May 

Aug. 

July 

June 

Feb. 

May 

Feb. 

June 

Feb. 

May 

Feb. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

May 

June 

Mar 

Mrv 

May 

May 

Aug. 

May 

Aug. 

Aug. 

June 

Aug. 

June 

Sept. 


23,  1906 
28,  1914 
11,  1909 

22,  1913 
30,1896 

23,  1906 
28,  1910 
27,1911 
31.  1913 
28,  1914 

2,  1914 

26,  1896 

4,  1900 

27,  1916 
14,  IPIO 
13,  1916 
21,  1895 

16,  1915 

11,  1904 

20.  1910 

21,  1903 

12,  1913 

13,  1904 

5,  1910 
12,  1904 
12,  1913 

5,  1904 
!,  1913 

27,  1916 

3,  1916 

28,  1898 
'1,  1913 
27,  1916 

2,  1914 

5,  1901 

30,  1911 

21,  1909 

17,  1913 
8,  1912 

24,  1904 

14,  1913 
7,  1903 


*  American  amateur  records,    t  Made  indoors. 

For  other  American  amateur  records  see  1917  Almanac. 


474 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


WORLD'S    ATHLETIC    RECORDS— Coniiwwed. 


PROFESSIONAL    RECORDS. 


Event. 


Record. 


Amateur. 


Date. 


100-yard  run 

100-yard  run 

130-yard  run 

220-yard  run 

JOO-yard  run 

440-yard  run 

300-yard  run 

S80-yard  run 

•)i-mHe  run 

l-mile  run 

2-mile  run 

3-mlIe  run 

4-mile  run 

5-mile  run 

iO-mlle  run 

Aunnini?  high  jump 

Running  broad  jump.  . . 
a.un,  hop,  step  and  jump 

Pole  vault 

Standing  broad  jump 

(Standing  high  jump 

Three  standing  jumps. . . 


9  l-2a. . . , 

9  3-53..., 

12s 

21  1-43. . . 
30s 

47  4-5s. . . 

Im.  133. 

Im. 

3m. 

4m. 

9m. 
14m. 
19m. 
24m. 
51m. 

6  ft. 
23  ft. 

48  ft. 

11  ft. 

12  ft. 
4  ft. 

36  ft. 


53  l-2s. 

7s 

12  3-4s. 
11  l-2s. 
19  l-2s. 
25  2-5a. 
40s 

5  l-2s. 
1-2  in.. 

1  in.. 

8  in.. 

9  in.  . 
1  1-2 

11  In. 
3  in. 


i. 


m. 


A.  B.  Postle  (downhill),  Kalgoorlie,  Australia, 

I  E.  Donovan,  Boston,  Mass 

I  R.  Walker,  Johannesburg,  South  Africa.  . . 

J.  Donaldson,  Sydney.  N.  S.  W 

J.  Donaldson,  Shawfleld  Park,  Scotland 

H.  Hutchlns,  Scotland 

B.  R.  Day,  Perth,  West  Australia 

'  J.  Nuttall,  England 

E.  O.  Bredin,  Englaqd 

.  S.  Hewitt,  Lyttleton,  New  Zealand 

W.  Richards,  England 

W.  G.  George,  Lilliebrldge,  England 

W.  Lang,  Manchester,  England 

P.  Cannon,  Govan,  Scotland 

P.  Cannon,  Glasgow,  Scotland 

J.  White,  Hackney,  Wicks 

H.  Watkins,  Rochdale 

E.  W.  Johnston,  Boston,  Mass 

L.  A.  Carpenter,  Boston,  Mass 

T.  Burrows,  Worcester,  Mass 

R.  B.  Dickerson,  Ireland 

J.  Darby,  England 

H.  Andrews,  Scotland 

T.  Colquitt,  England 


Dec. 

Sept. 

Dec. 

Sept. 

July 

Jan. 

Apr. 

Feb. 

July 

Sept. 

June 

Aug. 

Aug. 

May 

Nov. 

May 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

July 

May 

May 


28,  1906 
2,  1896 

17,  1913 
23.  1911 
26,  1913 

2.  1884 
1.  1907 

20,  1864 
31.  1897 

21.  1871 
30,  1866 
23.  1886 

1,  1863 
14,  1883 

8,  1888 
11.  1863 
16.  1899 

1.  1881 
16,  1896 

18,  1884 
11.  1892 
28.  1890 

1875 
1907 


OLYMPIC   GAME   WINNERS.    1896-1908. 


Event, 


60  metre  run 

100  meter  run 

200  metre  run 

400  metre  run 

800  metre  run 

1,500  metre  run 

110  metre  hurdles .... 

200  metre  hurdles .... 

400  metre  hurdles .... 
2,500  metre  steeplechase 
4,000  metre  steeplechase 

Running  long  jump 

Buiming  high  jump 

ilunnlng  triple  jump 

Standing  broad  jump. . . . 

Standing  high  jump 

Standing  triple  jump .  . . . 

Pole  vault 

Shot  put 

Oiscus 

Throwing  16-lb.  hammer, 
Throwing  56-lb.  weight.  . 
Marathon  race 


vVeight  lifting  (1  hand) .  . 
'^Veight  lilting  (2  hands).. 
Oumbbell  competition. . . 

■^ug-of-war 

i'eam  race 


Athens,  1896. 


Burke  (America) . 


Burke  (America) . 
Flack  (England). 
Flack  (England). 
Curtis  (America) . 


Clark  (America) . . . . 
Clark  (America) . . . . 
Connolly  (America). 


Hoyt  (America) . . . 

Garrett  (America) . 

arrett  (America) . 


Loues  (Greece) . . . . 
Elliott  (England) . . 
Jensen  (Denmark) . 


Paris.  1900. 


Kraenzlein  (America) .  . 

Jarvls  (America) 

Tewkesbury  (America). 

Long  (America) 

Tysoe  (England) ../... 
Bennett  (England) .  .  .  . 
Kraenzlein  (America) . . 
Kraenzlein  (America) .  . 
Tewkesbury  (America). 

Orton  (America) 

Rimmer  (England)  .  .  .  . 
Kraenzlein  (America) .  . 

Baxter  (America) 

Prlnstein  (America) 

Ewry  (America) 

Ewry  (America) 

Ewry  (America) 

Baxter  (America) 

Sheldon  (America) 

Bauer  (Hungary) 

Flanagan  (America) . .  . 


St.  Louis,  1904. 


Teato  (France) . 


England . 


Hahn  (America), 
Hahn  (America). 
Hahn  (America). 
Hiilman  (America). 
Lightbody  (America). 
Lightbody  (America). 
Schule  (America). 
Hiilman  (America). 
HiUman  (America). 
Lightbody  (America). 


,Prin8tein  (America). 
Jones  (America). 
Prlnstein  (America). 
Ewry  (America). 
Ewry  (America). 
Ewry  (America). 
Dvorak  (America). 
Rose  (America). 
Sheridan  (America). 
Flanagan  (America). 
Desmarteau  (Canada). 
HicKs  (America). 


Kakousis  (Greece). 
Osthoff  (America). 
Milwaukee  A.  C.  (America) 
New  York  A.  C.  (America) 


Event. 


iO  metre  run. . , . 
1.00  metre  run. . . 
300  metre  run. . . 
too  metre  run.. . 
300  metre  run. . . 
1,500  metre  run. . 
110  metre  hurdles 
5:00  metre  hurdles 
{,200  m.  sf  chase. 
aun.  long  jump. . 
clun.  high  jump. . 
Sun.  triple  jump, 
itand.  br'd  jump 
^tand.  high  jump 
?tand.  trip,  jump 
'ole  vault 


ihot  put 

Oiscus 

fhr'g  16-lb.  ham. 
nir'g  56-lb.  ham. 


Athens,  1906.        London,  1908. 


Hahn  (Amei'.) . . 


Pilgrim  (Amer.) . 
Pilgrim  (Amer.) . 
Lightbody  (Am.) 
Leavltt  (Amer.) . 


Prlnstein  (Amer) 
Leahy  (Ireland) . 
O'Connor  (Irel'd) 
Ewry  (America) . 
Ewry  (America) . 


Gouder  (France) . 

Sheridan  (Amer) . 
Sheridan  (Amer.) 


Walker  (So.  Af.) 
Kerr  (Canada). 
Halswelle  (Eng.) 
Sheppard  (Amer) 
Sheppard  (Amer) 
Smlthson  (Amer) 
Bacon  (.-.mer.). 
Russell  (Eng.). 
Irons   (America) . 
Porter  (Amer.). 
Aheame  (Eng.). 
Ewry  (America) . 
Ewry  (America) . 


Gilbert  and  Cook 

(America) . 
Rose  (America). 
Sheridan  (Amer.) 
Flanagan  (Amer) 


Event. 


Marathon  race.. 
Wgt.  lift.,  1  hand 
Wgt.  lift., 2  hands 
Dumbbell  comp. 

Tug-of-war 

Team  race,  3  mis 

5  mile  run 

Throwing  stone. 

Throwing  javelin 

(free  style) . . . 
Throwing  javelin 

(held  in  middle) . 

Pentathlon 

1,500  meter  walk. 
3,500  meter  walk. 

10  mile  walk 

Throwing    discus 

(Greek  style) . . . 
Relay  race  (1,600 

metres) 


Athens,  1906.        London,  1908. 


Sherrlng  (Can.). 
Steinbach  (Aust) 
Tofalos  (Greece) 


Germany. 


Hawtrey  (Eng.) 
Georgantus 

(Greece) 

Lemming 

(Sweden) 


Mell'der  (Swed.) 
Bonhag  (Amer.) . 


Jaervinen 
land) . . . , 


(Fin- 


llayes  (Amer.). 


England. 
England. 
Voigt  (England). 


Lemming 
(Sweden). 

Lemming 
(Sweden) . 


Larner  (Eng.). 
Lamer  (Eng.). 

Sheridan  (Amer.)- 


,  lAmerica. 


Sporiiiig  Records— Continued. 


.475 


WORLD'S  ATHLETIC  RECORDS— Coniirewerf. 


COMPLETE    RECORD    1912    OLYMPIC    GAMES    AT    STOCKHOLM. 


Events. 

First. 

Second. 

Third. 

100  metres  run 

200  metres  run 

400  metres  run 

800  metres  i-un 

1,500  metres  run 

Running  broad  jump.  . . . 
Standing  broad  jump .... 
Run.  hop,  step,  and  jump 

Pole  vault 

R.  C.  Craig  (America) .  .  . 
R.  C.  Craig  (America) .  .  . 
C.  D.  Reidpath  (.\mer.) . . 
J.  E.  Meredith  (America). 
A.  N.  S.  Jackson  (Engi'd) . 
A.  L.  Gutterson  (Amer.) .  . 
C.  Tsicilitlras  (Greece) . . . 
G.  Lindblom  (Sweden) . . . 

H.  S.  Babcock  (America) . . 

E.  Lemming  (Sweden) .  .  . 
J.  J.  Saaristo  (Finland).. . 
A.  R.  Taipale  (Finland) .  . 
A.  R.  Taipale  (Finland) .  . 
P.  McDonald  (America).. 
R.  T/.  Rose  (America) .  .  . 
M.  J.  McGrath  (America) 

F.  R.  Bie  (Norway) 

H.  Wieslander  (Sweden) . . 
Ennland 

A.  Meyer  (America) 

D.  F.  Lippincott  (Amer.).. 
H.  Braun  (Germany) .... 
M.  "W.  Sheppard  (Amer.).. 
A.  R.  Kivlat  (America).. . 

C.  D.  Bricker  (Canada) .  . 
Piatt  Adams  (America).. . 
G.  Aberg  (Sweden) 

j  F.  T.  Nelson  (America) . 
\  M.  S.  ■Wright  (America) 

J.  J.  Saaristo  (Finland) . .  . 
W.  S.  SiikaniemI  (Finland) 
R.  L.  Byrd  (America"i 

E.  Niklander  (Finland)..  . 
R.  W.  Rose  (America) .  .  . 
P.  McDonald  (America) . . 

D.  Gillls  (Canada) 

J.  J.  Donahue  (America) . . 

G.  Lomberg  (Sweden) 

Sweden 

D.  F.  Lippincott  (America) 
W.  R.  Applegarth  (G.  Brit.) 

E.  F.  J.  Lindberg  (Amer.). 
I.  N.  Davenport  (America). 
N.  S.  Taber  (America). 

G.  Aberg  (Sweden). 
B.  Adams  (America). 
E.  Almlof  (Sweden). 
f  F.  D.  Murphy  (America). 
B.  Uggla  (Sweden). 

Throw,  javelin:  Best  hand 
Right  and  left  hand .  .  . 

Throw,  discus:  Best  baud . 
Right  and  left  hand .  .  . 

Put'g  the  wgt.:  bo.st  hand 
Right  and  left  hand .  .  . 

Throwing  the  hammer . . . 

Pentathlon 

I  W.  Happenny  (Canada) 
M.  Kovacs  (Hungary). 
U.  Peltonen  (Finland). 
J.  H.  Duncan  (America). 
E.  Magnusson  (Sweden). 
L.  A.  Whitney*  (America). 

E.  Niklander  (Finland). 
C.  C.  Chllds  (America). 

F.  L.  Lukeman   (Canada). 

G.  Holman  (Sweden). 

* 

1,600  metres  relay  race.  . 
3.000  metres  team  ra,ce.  . 
Tiicr-of-war 

France 

Great  Britain. 

Sweden 

Great  Britain. 

Sweden 

Great  Britain 

Cross-country  race: 

H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland) 
Sweden        

H.  J.  Andersson  (Sweden) 
Finland 

J.  Eke  (Sweden). 

Team 

Great  Britain. 

5,000  metres  run 

10,000  metres  run 

Marathon  race 

110  metres  hm-dle  race. .  . 

10,000  metres  walk 

Running  high  jump 

•Standing  high  jump 

H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland) 
H.  Kolehmainen  (Finland) 
K.  K.  McArthur  (So.  Af.) 

F.  W.  Kelly  (America) .  . . 

G.  H.  Goulding  (Canada) . 
A.  W.  Richards  (America) 
Piatt  Adams  (America).. . 

J.  Bouin  (France) 

L.  Tewanima  (America) . . 
C.  W.  Gitsham  (So.  Af.).. 
J.  Wendell  (America) .... 
E.  J.  Webb  (Gt.  Britain) . 
H.  Liesche  (Germany) .  .  . 
B.  Adams  (America) 

G.  W.  Hutson  (Gt.  Britain) 
A.  Stenroos  (Finland). 
G.  Strobino  (America). 
W.  M.  Hawkins  (America). 

F.  L.  Altimani  (Italy). 

G.  L.  Horine  (America). 
C.  Tsiclitiras  (Greece) . 

*  Germany  finished  second,  but  was  disqualified  for  passing  the  baton  out  of  bounds. 

THE    AMERICAN    TURF. 

BROOKLYN    HANDICAP. 


YR. 

1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


First. 


The  Huguenot. . . 

.4.hom 

Petruchlo 

Bonnibert 

Maj.Dalngerfield 

Whorler 

Bryn  Mawr 

Cairngorm 

Belmere 

Peter  Pan 

Fair  Play 

Joe  Madden ,  .  .  . 

Dalmatian 

RocTj  View 

Roamer 

Norse  King 

Chicle 

Omar  Khayyam . 
Cudgel 


Jockeys. 


Spencer 

H.  Martin. .  . 

Spencer 

Spencer 

Odom 

F.  O'NeiU.... 

Lyne 

W.  Davis 

F.  O'Neill...  . 
W.  MUler.... 
E.  Dugan. . .  . 
E.  Dugan. . .  . 
C.  H.  Shillin;; 
T.McTaggari, 
J.  Butwell .  .  . 
J.  Butwell .  .  . 
T.McTaggart 
A.  Collins. . 
L.  Lyko.  .  . 


Wgt. 

122 
119 
108 
112 
118 
118 
118 
118 
118 
126 
114 
126 
122 
123 
117 
111 
116 
125 
129 


Second. 


Previous 

The  Bouncer. . . 
Kilmarnock. .. . 

Blues 

Homestead .  . .  . 
Golden  Maxim . 

Highball 

Migraine 

The  Quail 

Paumonok 

King  James. . . . 

Fayette 

Prince  Imperial 
Prince  Eugene. . 

Gainer 

Sharpshooter. .  . 
Star  Hawk .  .  .  . 

Rickety 

Roamer 


Wgt. 


117 
119 
12G 
111 
118 
118 
118 
118 
118 
114 
122 
122 
522 
101 
120 
118 
116 
119 
120 


Third. 


Latson 

M'leod  of  Dare. 
David  GarricK. 
The  Parader .  . . 
King  Hanover.. 
Merry  Acrobat. 
The  Southerner. 
Merry  Lark ... . 
King  Henry.. . . 

Yankee  Giri 

Chapultepec .  . . 
County  Fair . . . 
Sweep 


Charl&stonlan. 
S.  McMeekin.. 

Churcliill 

Ticket 

George  Smith. 


Wgt.  Value.  Time 


117 
119 
111 
126 
126 
118 
118 
118 
115 
121 
126 
111 
126 


1'23 
111 

112 
122 
122 


7,750 
7,750 
8,475 
7,750 
7,750 
7,750 
10,000 
5,390 
9,475 
10,475 
13,350 
9,225 
2,300 
2,150 
2,300 
2,275 
2,950 
3,850 
4,850 


2.37  1-4 

2.36 

2.34 

2.33  4-5 
2.37 

2.39  1-5 
2.35 

2.34  3-5 
2.37 
2.41 
2.33 

2.37  4-5 
2.07 

2.07  3-5 
2.05  3-5 
1.54 
1.51  3-5 
1.54  1-5 
1.50  l-.> 


Dinance   1  1-2  miles  in  1887,  and  from  1898  to  1909  inclusive.     1  1-4  miles 
No  racing  in  1911  and  1912.     Run  at  Belmont  Park  in  1913  and  at  Aqueduct  in 

SARATOGA    HANDICAP. 


in  1910,  1913, 
1914-18. 


and  1914. 


Ya. 


1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


i'irat. 


*Rockton 

tFrancesco 

jWaterboy 

Lordof  the  Vale. 
Caughna\v;i,3ft  — 

Dandelion 

McCarter 

Monlori 

Affliction 

Olambala 

Cock  o'  the  Walk 

Borrow 

Roamer 

Stromboli 

Roamer 

Roamer 


Jockeys. 


N.  Turner .  . 
H.  Michaels. 

Odom 

Lyne 

T.  Burns.  .  . 

Sewell 

W.  Miller... 
McCahey. . . 
E.  Martin .  . 

Butv/ell 

J.  Glass .... 
J.  Notter. . . 
J.  Butwell . . 
J.  McTaggart 
J.  Butwell .  . . 
V.  Robinson. 


Wgt. 


116 
97 
127 
112 
119 
113 
111 
100 
90 
128 
107 
123 
128 
121 
122 
129 


Second. 


Water  Cure. . . . 

Herbert 

Huutor  R.Tine. . 

Bad  New-; 

Water  Light . .  . 

Tangle 

Running  Water 

Far  West 

K's  Daughter . 

Ballot 

Lahore 

Hedge 

Saratoga 

Ed  Crump 

Spur 

Cudgel 


Wgt. 


107 
118 
107 
108 
108 

97 
115 
102 
104 
133 
110 

98 
102 
123 
123 
133 


Third. 


Water  Color.  . 
Articulate.  .  .  . 
Caugh'waga.  . 
Caugh'waga .  . 

Beldame 

Gallavant .  .  .  . 
Dandelion . . . . 
Danoscara . . . . 

Olambala 

Stanley  Fay.  . 
Rolling  Stone . 
Flying  Fairy. . 
S.  Jasmine. . . . 
Friar  Rock .  .  . 

Ticket 

Bondage.  .  .    . 


Wgt .   Value .     Time, 


l!5 

S6,800 

119 

6,800 

109 

8,800 

111 

8,800 

120 

8,300 

99 

8,300 

117 

8,300 

100 

1,150 

116 

3,850 

10'?, 

5,800 

05 

3,850 

117 

3,875 

103 

2,300 

107 

3,850 

107 

4,850 

105 

5,350 

1.53  1-5 
1.59 

2.05  3-5 
2.05 
2.07 

2.04  3-5 

2.05  3-5 
2.05  4-5 
2.05 

2.08  3-5 
2.06 
2.05  2-5 

2.04  2-;> 

2.05  1-5 

2.06  1-5 
2.02  1-5 


•Distnnce.lTs' miles,    t  1  3-16  miles.     1  Increased   to  1  1-4  miles.     No  r.".cing  in  1911  and  1912. 


476 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


THE    AMERICAN    TURF — Continued. 


SUBURBAN    HANDICAP. 


Yb. 


1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1913 
1915 
1916 
1917 


First. 


Gen.  Monroe 

Pontiac 

Troubadour . 

Eurus 

Elkwood.  .  .  . 
llauuland .... 

Sal  va  tor 

Lantaka 

Montana. . . . 
Lowlander. . . 

Ramapo 

Lazzarone .  . . 
Henry  of  Navarre 

Ben  Brush 

TiUo 

Imp 

Kiniey  Mack. . . 

Alcedo 

Gold  Heels 

Africander 

Hermis 

Beldame 

Go  Between .  .  . 

Nealon 

Ballot 

Fitz  Herbert .  . . 

Olambala 

Whisk  Broom  II 

Stromboli 

Friar  Rook .... 
Boots 


Jockfj's. 


giSiJohren! 


W.  Douohiie. 

Olnoy 

FitzpatrioU. . . 

Davis 

Martin 

Garilson 

I.  Murph.v . .  . 

Bergen 

Garrliion 

McDermoM. . 

Taral 

Hamlltoii. ..  . 

Griffin 

Simms 

Clay  tou 

Turner 

McGiie 

Suencer 

Wonderly . . . 

Fuller 

Redferu 

'F.  O'NeiU... 

Shaw 

W.  Dugau .  . 
Nottor 

E.  Dugau . . . 
G.  Arcfiibald 
J.  Noiter. . . 
C.  Tiu-cer. . . 
M.  Gariiec. . 
J.  LoiLii^.  .  . 

F.  RobiiLsoi). 


Wgt. 


124 
102 
115 
102 
119 
120 
127 
110 
115 
105 
120 
115 
129 
123 
119 
114 
125 
112 
124 
110 
127 
123 
116 
113 
127 
105 
115 
139 
122 
101 
122 
110 


Second. 


War  Eagle. . . 
*Richmoncl .  . 
t Richmond.  . 
Oriflamme. .  . 
Terra  Gotta . . 
Teq-a  Gotta.. 

Cassius 

Major  Domo. 
Major  Domo. 

TeiTifler 

Banquet 

Sir  Walter. . . 
The  Commoner. 
The  Winner. . . . 
Semper  Ego. . . . 
Bannockburn .  . 

Ethelbert 

Watercure 

Pentecost 

Herbert 

The  Picket .... 

Proper 

Dandelion 

Montgomery . . . 
King  James . . . . 
Alfred  Noble... 
Prince  Imperial 

Lahore 

Sam  Jackson . . . 

Short  Grass 

Borrow 

Hollister 


Wgt. 


102 
110 
110 
104 
122 
124 
107 

107  M 
115 
95 
119 
126 
113 
115 
106 
112 
130 

101 H 
99 
118 
124 
109 
107 
104 
98 
104 
101 
112 
110 
117 
115 
118 


Third. 


Jack  of  Hearts . 

114 

Rataplan 

IIG 

Saranac 

110 

Wickham 

114 

Firenze 

117 

Gorgo 

110 

Tenuy 

126 

Cassius 

115 

Lamplighter.  .  . 

104 

Lamplighter.  .  . 

129 

Sport 

114 

Song&  Dance. . 

99 

Clifford 

126 

Havoc 

104  H 

Ogden 

VVarrentou 

109 

114 

Gulden 

100 

Toddy 

100 

Blues 

124 

Hunter  Raine.  . 

■    98 

Irish  Lad 

127 

First  Mason .  .  . 

118 

Colonial  Girl... 

113 

Beacon  Light. . . 

100 

Fair  Play 

111 

Fayette 

101 

Ballot 

129 

Meridian 

119 

Sharpshooter. .  . 

106 

Stromboli 

123 

The  Finn 

129 

Battl 

107 

Wgt.  Value.  Time. 


S4,945 

5,855 

5,697 

6,065 

6,812 

6,900 

6,900 

9,900 

17,750 

17,750 

12,070 

4,730 

5,850 

5,850 

6,800 

6,800 

.0,800 

7,800 

7,800 

16,490 

16,800 

16,800 

16,800 

16,800 

19,750 

3,850 

4,800 

3,000 

3,925 

3,450 

4,900 

7,500 


2.11  3-4 

2.09  1-2 

2.12  1-4 
2.12 
2,07  1-2 
2.00  4-5 
2.0G  4-6 
2.07 

2.07  2-5 
2.06  3-5 

2.06  1-5 

2.07  4-5 
2.07 

2.07  1-5 

2.08  1-5 
2.08  2-5 
2.06  4-5 
2.05  3-5 
2.05  1-5 

2.10  2-5 
2.05 
2.05  2-5 

2.05  1-5 

2.06  2-5 
2.03 

2.03  2-5 

2.04  2-5 
2.00 

2.05  2-5 
2.05 
2.05  1-5 
2.06 


*  By  Bold  D.iyrell.    t  By  VirgU.    No  racing  in  1911  and  1912. 
ncludlng  1910,  and  at  Belmo.U  Park  in  1913,  1915,  1916,  and  1917. 


Run  at  Sheepshead  Bay  until  and 
Not  run  in  1914. 


SARATOGA    CUP. 


YR. 


First. 


Jockeys. 


1865  Kentucky 

1866  Kentucky 

1867  Muggins 

1868  Lancaster 

1869  Bayonet 

1870  Helmbold 

1871  Longfellow. ..... 

1872  Harry  Bas.set'. . . 

1873  Joe  Daniels 

1874  Springbok 

1875  §  Springbok 

iPreakness 

1876  Tom  OohlUr:,'i. . . 

1877  Parole 

1878  Parole 

i879  Bramble 

1880  Long  Taw 

1881  Checkmate 

1882  Thora 

1883  Gen.  Monroe 

1884  Gen.  Monroe. . . . 

1885  Bob  Miles 

1886  Volante 

1891  ♦Los  Angeles 

1901  tBlues 

1902  t Advance  Guar.'l 
■  1903  Africander 

1904  Beldame 

1905  Caughnawaga. . , 

1906  Go  Between.  .  .  . 

1907  Running  Water. 

1909  Olambala 

1910  Countless {V.  Pov/ers 

1913  Sam  Jackson. . . .  .Lottius    

1914  Star  Gaze J.  McCaliey. . 

1915  Boamer ].J.  ButH-ell .  .  . 

1916  Fiiar  Rock J.  McTaggart 

1917  OmarKhay.vam.  .f.  Butwell.  .  . 

1918  Johren |F.  Robinson.. 


GHpatrick .  . , 
O.  LltUsne'.d . 

Clark 

Hay  ward . .  .  , 

MlUoi- 

Robinson . .  .  . 

Swim 

Rowe 

MoCabe 

Barbee 

W.  OlarU ,  . . . 
Hay  ward. . . 

Barbee 

Barrett 

Barrett 

McLaughlin. 
;WoHe 

I.  Murphy. . 

Brophs' 

Fitzpatrick.. 

BlaylocU .  .  . 

Fitzpatrick.. 

I.  Murphy. . 

I.  Lewi.s.  . . . 

Shaw 

McCu^ 

Fuller 

F.  O'Nc-iii... 

Redfora 

.Shaw 

W.  Milti".-... 

Butwell 


Wgt. 


104 

114 
118 
114 
108 
108 
108 
108 
108 
108 
114 
114 
118 
115 
121 
118 
125 
126 
113 
122 
123 
118 
118 
121 
113 
127 
113 
108 
127 
127 
121 
113 
113 
124 
126 
123 
113 
113 
113 


Captain  Moore. 

Beacon 

Onward 

J.  A.  Connolly.. 
Nell.  McDonald 

Hamburg 

Kingfisher 

Longfellow .... 
Harry  Ba.ssott. . 
Preakness 


Second. 


Parole 

Tom  Ochiltree. 

Joe 

Wilful 

Franklin 

Monitor 

Carley  B 

Boatman 

Compensation. 

Boatman 

Aretlno 

Vallera 

Baron  Pepper . 

Wyeth 

Heno 

Africander. . .  . 

Beldame 

Sir  Huon 

Nealou 

Wintergreeu.  . 

Olambala 

Ringhng 

San  Vega 

Virile 

Roamer 

Spur 

Roamer 


Wgt. 


114 
114 
114 
108 
105 
90 
108 
114 
114 
114 


Defender. .  . 
True  Blue .  . 
Katie  Please 


97 
124 
118 
100 
121 
119 
101 
115 
120 
120 
118 
110!^ 
113 
113 
126 
126 
121 
113 
126 
113 
126 
108 
113 
124 
127 
126 


Third. 


Rhinodyne.  . 
Delaware. . .  . 
Delaware . . . . 
F.  Cneatlvm. 
Vauxhall .  .  .  . 
Glenelg 


Grlnstead .  .  . 
Big  Sandy . .  . 

Athlene 

Gen.  Phillips. 
Lou  Lanier. . . 


Irish  King 

122 

Alta  B 

96 

L.  Stanhope. . . . 

US 

Powhattan  III . 

US 

Ind.  Rubber.  .  . 

107 

Imp 

122 

A.  Williams 

113 

Waterboy 

126 

The  Picket 

126 

Cairngorm 

113 

Samson 

113 

Frank  Gill 

u;-i 

Pins  &  Needles . 

122 

A.  Jenks 

108 

Lahore 

124 

Flying  Fairy . . . 

121 

Star  Gaze 

127 

The  Finn 

126 

Fair  Mac 

127 

Schuger 

127 

Wgt.  Value.  Time 


114 
104 
114 
105 
108 
108 


114 

108 
i05 


108 
118 
115 
118 
115 


$1,850 
2,250 
1,850 
1,950 
2,250 
1,850 
1,550 
1,550 
1,700 
2,450 


2,250 
1,850 
2,160 
1,700 
1,500 
1,300 
1,800 
1,850 
1,950 
1,650 
2,150 
1,700 
2,900 
3,350 
3,350 
3,350 
8,100 
5,800 
6,050 
6,050 
2,175 
4,100 
1,650 
2,175 
2,225 
3,375 
5,050 
5,250 


4.01  1-2 
4.04 
4.03 
4.14 
4.10 
4.03  3-4 

4.02  3-4 
3.59 

4.10  3-4 

4.11  3-4 


3.56  1-4 
4.06  1-2 

4.04  1-2 
4.08  1-2 
4.11  3-4 
4.08 

4.00  3-4 

4.05  1-2 
4.21  1-2 
4.05 
4.02 
4.25 
3.43  1-2 
2.52  2-5 

3.01  4-5 
2.58    .     , 
3.03  4-5 

3.00  4-5 

3.05  2-5 

3.06  1-5 
2.58         i 
2.58  3-5  i 
3.08  2-5' 
3.10 

3.01  4-5 
3.03 

3.07  4-5 

3.02  1-5 


*  Distance,  2  miles;  previous  distance,  2  1-4  miles,  t  1  5-8  miles,  t  Changed  to  1  3-4  miles.  §  Dead 
heat;  slakes  divided.  No  racing  iu  1911  and  1912.  Not  run  from  1887  to  1890,  and  from  1892  to  1900, 
nor  in  1908. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


477 


THE    AMERICAN    TURF— Co»«m«ed. 


THE    FUTURITY. 


YE. 


1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


I'irst. 


Potomac 

His  Higiiness. . . 

Morello 

Domino 

Butt  ei-flies 

Requital 

Ogclea 

L'Alouette 

Martimas 

Chacornac 

Ballyhoo  Bey . . 

Yankee 

Savable 

Hamburg  Belle. 

Artful 

Ormondale 

Electioneer .... 

Colin 

Maskette 

Sweep 

Novelty 

Pennant 

Trojan 

Thunderer 

Campfii'e 

Papp 

Dunboyne 


Jockeys.       Wgt 


Hamilton 

McLaughlin.. 
Hay  ward .... 

Taral 

Griffln 

Griffin 

TuberviUe.  .  . 

Clawson 

H.  Lewis .... 

Spencer 

T.  Sloan 

O'Connor. . . . 

Lyne 

Fuller 

HUdebrand .  . 

Redfe.n 

Shaw 

Miller 

J.  Notter .... 
J.  Butwell .  .  . 
C.  H.  Shilling 

C.  Borel 

Burlingame.  . 
J.  Notter. .  . . 
J.  McTaggart 

J.  Allen 

Schuttinger. . 


115 
130 
118 
130 
112 
115 
115 
115 
118 
114 
112 
119 
119 
114 
114 
117 
117 
125 
118 
126 
127 
119 
117 
122 
125 
127 
127 


Second. 


Mashei' 

Yorkville  Belle . 
Lady  Violet. . .  . 

Galilee 

Brandy  wine. . . . 

Crescendo 

Ornament:  .... 

Lydian 

High  Degree. . . 

Brigadier 

Olympian 

Lu.x  Casta 

Lord  of  the  Vale 

Leonidas 

Tradition 

Timber 

Pope  Joan. . . . 
Bar  None.  .  .  . 

Sir  Martin 

Candleberry.  . 

Ba,shti 

Southern  Maid 


1.14  1-5 

1.15  1-5 
1.12  1-5 
1.12  4-5 
l.U 

J. 11  2-5 
1.10 
1.11 

1.12  2-5 
1.10  2-6 
1.10 
1.09  1-S 
1.14 
1.13 

l.U  4-5 
l.U  4-5 

1.13  3-5 
l.U  1-5 
l.U  1-5 
l.U  4-5 

1.12  1-5 
1.15 

1.16  4-6 
l.U  4-'5- 

1.13  4-6 
1.12 
1.12  4-5 

The  distance  in  1892,  1893,  1894,  1895,  1896,  1897,  1898,  1899,  1900,  and  1901  wa.s  170  feet  less  than 
Six  furlongs.    Othei'  years  the  distance  was  full  six  furlongs.    Previous  to  1910  race  was  run  at  Sheopshead 
Bay.    In  1910  and  1913  It  was  run  over  the  Saratoga  Course.    It  was  not  run  lor  in  1911  and  1912. 
ginning  in  1915  the  race  became  a  fixture  at  Belmont  Park. 

SARATOGA   SPECIAL. 


Bromo .... 
Rickety . . . 
Escoba. . . . 
Sir  Barton . 


Wgt. 


108 
115 
118 
115 
108 
114 
116 
115 
113 
109 
112 
109 
117 
123 
127 
119 
116 
117 
127 
117 
118 
119 


127 
117 


Third. 


Strathmeath.... 

Dragonc-t 

St.  Leonards. .  . 

Dobbias 

Agitator 

Silver  II 

Rodermond. . . . 

Uriel 

Mr.  CLiy 

Windmere . . . . . 

T.  Atkins 

Barron 

Dazzling 

The  Min.  Man, 

Sysonby 

Belmere 

De  Muud 

Chapultepec . . . 

Helmet 

Grasmere 

Love-Not 

Addie  M 


Achieveraeut. . 

Skeptic 

Rosie  O'Grady 
Purchase 


Wgt.  Value, 


124 
108 
115 
130 
110 
108 
115 
116 
118 
112 
129 
112 
116 
122 
127 
117 
123 
117 
123 
122 
114 
114 


124 
119 


77,000 
72,000 
41,375 
45,000 
63,830 
69,770 
66.970 
43.300 
46.840 
41,000 
42,000 
46,210 
56,660 
46,650 
52.900 
43.680 
44.070 
32,930 
33.360 
33,660 
25.360 
15,060 
22,110 
16,690 
22,960 
15,450 
30,280 


i.  ime. 


Be- 


YB. 

1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


First. 


Sysonby. . . . 
Mohawk  U. 
♦Salvldere .  . 

Colin 

Sir  Martin . . 

Waldo 

Novelty . . . . 
Roamer . . . . 

Regret 

Dominant . . 
Campflre.  . . 
Sun  Briar.  . 
Hannibal. .  . 


Jockeys. 


Redfern 

Redf  ern 

Sewell 

W.Miller.... 
G.  H.  Shilling 

Nicol 

C.  H.  Shilling 

Byrne 

J.  Notter. . . . 
T.  McTaggart 
J.  McTaggart 
W.  Knapp. . . 
L.  Ensor .... 


Wgt 


122 
122 
119 
122 
122 
122 
122 
119 
119 
122 
122 
122 
122 


Second. 


Hot  Shot 

Voorhees 

McCarter 

Uncle 

Wedding  Bells. . 

Sweep 

Iron  Mask 

Gainer ........ 

Pebbles 

Puss  in  Boots.  . 
T.  McTaggart. . 
Rosle  O'Grady. 
Terentia 


Wgt, 


122 
122 
122 
122 
119 
122 
122 
122 
122 
119 
122 
119 
119 


Third. 


Britisher .  . 

Tangle 

Peter  Pan. 


Mediant 

Herkimer. .. . . 

Naushon 

Black  Toney . . 

Paris 

Friar  Rock .  . . 

Hourless 

Papp 

Yurncari 


Wgt.f  Value. 


122 
119 
122 


119 
122 
122 
122 
122 
122 
122 
122 
122 


14,000 

16,600 

15,000 

13.000 

9,250 

4,875 

12.250 

6,600 

6,126 

6.126 

5,625 

11.750 

9,000 


Time. 


1.07 
1.07 

1.12  2-5 
1.12 
i.l8  4-6 

1.15  4-5 
1.14  2-5 
1.13 

l.U  3-5 
1.16 

1.13  1-5 
1.15 

1.16  1-5 


*  Distance  increased  from  5  1-2  furlongs  to  3-4  mile.     No  racing  in  1911  and  1912. 

LATONIA   DERBY. 


Yb. 

1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
1909 
1910 
1911 
1912 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
191S 


Fu'st. 


Newton 

Buck  McCann.  . 

Lazzarone 

Halma 

Ben  Brush 

Ornament 

Han  d'Oi- 

Prince  McClurg, 
♦Lieut.  Gibson.., 

Hernando 

Harry  New 

Woodlake 

Elwood , 

The  Foreman . . , 

Sir  Huon , 

The  Abbot , 

Pinkola , 

Olambala , 

Joe  Morris , 

Governor  Gray. 
Free  Lance .... 

Gowell 

John  Gun 

Royal  II 

Dodge 

Liberty  Loan .  . 
Joliren 


Jockeys. 


Clayton 

Thorpe 

W.  Martin.. 

Thorpe 

Simms 

Clayton .... 

Conley 

Beauchamp. 

Bolarid 

J.  Wiiikfleid. 

Otis 

Crowhurst. . 

Piior 

Treubel .... 

Troxler 

J.  Lee 

Minder 

T.  Rice 

C.  Grand... 

T.  Rice 

C.  Peak 

Tealian 

K.  Neylon. . 
C.  Ganz. . . . 
F.  Murphy.. 
J.  Loftus .  .  . 
F.  Robinson. 


Wgt. 


117 
117 
117 
127 
122 
127 
114 
122 
127 
114 
114 
114 
127 
110 
127 
114 
114 
114 
117 
124 
114 
117 
122 
122 
122 
122 
127 


Second. 


1  Wgt. 


Ronald 

Boundless .  .  . 
Pearl  Song . . . 
Free  Advice . . 

Ben  Eder 

F.  F.  V 

Plaudit 

Deering 


Gaheris 

South  Trimble. 
Bad  News .... 
Ed  Eiemey .  . . 
Hambright .  .  . 
Lady  Navarre . 
Redgauntlet . . 

Czar 

The  Peer 

Boola  Boola .  . 
Star  Charter. . 
The  Manager. 
Great  Britain . 

Constant 

Tetan 

George  Smith . 

Cudgel 

Exterminator . 


117 
128 
117 
117 
122 
114 
127 
114 


110 
114 
HI 
117 
110 
122 
114 
114 
111 
117 
125 
114 
122 
122 
122 
127 
122 
124 


Third. 


Midway ... 

Sellka 

Basso 

Loki 

Eudmance . 


Ways  &;  Means , 


Judge  Redwine 
Martin  Burke.  , 

Tancred 

Lonsdale 

MeCleilan 


Beau  Bi^ummel . 

Ordono 

Plate  Glass .  . . . 

Donau 

Messenger  Boy, 

Worth 

Foundation. . . . 
Dr.  Samuel . . . . 

Dortch 

Dick  WllUams. . 

Midway 

Free  Cutter. . . 


Wgt, 


112 
120 
117 
122 
114 


115 


114 
110 
114 
112 
117 


lU 
114 
110 
127 
117 
127 
122 
119 
122 
119 
122 
122 


Value. 


3.760 
4.450 
6.656 
6,720 

12,290 
8,740 
7,620 
6,825 
4,715 
4,986 
4,390 
7,035 
6,730 
6,950 
6,095 
4,410 
3,655 
3,095 
2,925 
3,650 
4,250 
5,725 
6,026 

10,125 
9,950 
9,550 
9,925 


Time. 


3.14 
2.44 
2,51 

2.34  1-2 
2.40  1-2 

2.35  1-4 
2.32  1-2 

2.36  1-2 


2.35  1-4 
2.38  3-4 

2.36  3-4 
2.42  3-4 
2.38 
2.36  4-6 
2.46  1-6 
2.35  2-5 
2..'^9  1-6 
!?.33  2-5 
2.30  2-& 
2.31 

2.33  1-5 
2.30  2-5 
2.32 
2.37 

2.30  4-8 
2.3^ 


1883.  1884.  1885,  and  1886,  was  run  as  the  Hindoo  Stakes.    *  Walkover. 


478 


Sporting  Records— Continued. 


THE  AMERICAN  TVRF—Continvea. 


ALABAMA    STAKES. 


YR, 


1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 
1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 
3909 
7.910 
1913 
1914 
1915 
1916 
1917 
1918 


First. 


Woodbiae. . . . 
Mianle  W. .. . 
Regardless. , . . 

Olitlpa 

Merciless 

Susquehanna. . 

Belle 

Ferida 

Glldella 

Tliora 

B.of  Runnymede 
Miss  Woodford. . 

Tolu 

Ida  Hope 

Millie 

Grisette 

Bella  B 

Princess  Bowling 

Sinaloa  II 

Sal.  McClelland . 

Ignite 

Poete?s 

Mornlngslde.  .  . . 
Par  Excellence. . . 
Stamp.  Ground. . 

Beldame 

Tradition 

Running  Water. . 

Kenuyetto 

♦May  field 

Maskette 

Ocean  Bound . . . 

Flying  Fairy 

Addie  M 

^\'aterblossom . . . 

Malachite 

Sunbonuet 

Eyelid 


Jockeys.       Wgt. 


Gradwell .... 

Ponton 

Sparling 

Evans 

Sparling 

Hayward .... 
Hayward .... 

Hughes 

\V.  Donohue. 
W.  Donohue . 

Stoval 

McLaughlin. . 

Blaylook 

I.  Murphy. . . 
McLaughUn. . 

West 

McLaughlin. . 
I.  Murphy. . . 

Barnes 

Anderson. . . . 

Clayton 

C.  Thorpe .  . . 
N.  Turner.  . . 

Rcdfern 

Fuller 

O'Neill 

W.  Davis. . . . 

W.  Miller 

Notter 

C.  H.  ShiUing 

Scoville 

C.  H.  Shilling 

T.  Da  vies 

Burllngame . . 
E.  Martin.  .  . 

L.  Lyke 

.1.  Loftus.  .  . . 
L,  Ensor 


107 
107 
107 
107 
107 
107 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
108 
115 
Ui'A 
113 
112 
112 
114 
116 
116 
116 
124 
124 
116 
116 
106 
124 
124 
113 
113 
126 
109 
124 
117 


Second. 


Nema 

Sailie  Watson.  . 

Countess 

Invoice 

Patience 

Zoo  Zoo 

Balance  All ..... 

Ciarissima 

Kitty  J 

Bonnie  Lizzie .  . 

Bonella 

Bessie 

Mittie  B 

EiizatDeth 

M.McC'sLast. 
Flageoletta .... 
Los  Angeles. . .  . 

CotiUlon 

Eminence 

Santa  Anna. . .  . 

Engarita 

Sunny  Slope .  .  . 

Reina 

Lux  Casta 

Gravlna 

Dimple 

Kiamesha 

Brook.  Nymph . 

Gold  Lady 

Anonyma 

MLss Kearney. . 

Cherryola 

Cadeau , 

Casuarlna .  .  . 
Lady  Rotha. 

Sprint 

Wistful 

Enfilade 


Wgl. 


107 
107 
107 
107 
107 
107 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
108 
lOO;^ 
111 
117 
121 
121 
116 
316 
116 
116 
124 
124 
106 
116 
ill 
113 
117 
126 
109 
124 
124 


Tliird. 


Sue  River 

Lizzie  Lucas . . . 

Madge 

Planet  Filly..., 

Athlene 

Oriole 

Invermoor 

Scotilla 

Bye  and  Bye. .  . 
Brambaletta . .  . 

Olivia 

Vera 

Eulogy 

Banana 

Charity 

Florimore 

Prose 

Retrieve 

Daisy  F 


Miss  Dixie 

Partridge 

Sweet  Lavender 

Josepha 

Astarita 

Ishlana 

Golden  Ten 

Comedienne .  .  . 
Yankee  Girl. . .  . 

Beckon 

Petticoat 

Marigot 

Lodona 

Early  Rose .... 
Lady  Teresa . . . 

Jacoba 

Fairy  Wand .  .  . 
Ballymooney..  . 


Wgt.  Value.  Time 


107 
107 
107 
107 
107 
107 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
113 
108 
113 
113 


117 
114 
116 
116 
124 
116 
121 
121 
124 
116 
116 
111 
113 
113 
109 
117 
114 
114 


S2,650 
3,050 
3,100 
2,800 
2,850 
3,450 
2,800 
3,300 
2,600 
1,450 
3,250 
3,050 
3,500 
3,225 
3,550 
3,000 
3,675 
2,650 
3,750 
2,075 
2,475 
1,425 
1,900 
3,850 
4,625 
3,850 
4,850 
3,850 
3,850 
3,850 
3,850 
3,850 
1,455 
1,740 
1,160 
1,720 
3,850 
6,575 


2.06  1-4 

2.01  3-4 

2.00  1-4 

2.00  1-2 

2.00  3-4 

1.57  1-4 

1.59 

2.00  3-4 

2.00 

1.59  1-4 

2.08  3-4 

1.57  1-2 

2.01 

1.59 

1.59  1-2 

2.00  1-2 

1.58 

2.03  1-2 

1.56  1-2 

2.05  3-4 

1.57  1-2 

2.00  1-4 

1.47  4-5 

1.47  3-5 

1.56  4-5 

1.53  3-5 

2.16  2-5 

1.52  2-5 

1.54  1-5 

2.01 

1.59  2-5 

1.55 

1.56  1-5 

1.54  2-5 

1.57  3-5 

1.54  3-5 

2.07 

2.04  1-5 

Discontinued  from  1893  to  1901.  *  Stamina  finished  first,  but  was  disqualified  for  foul.  Until  1901 
the  distance  was  1  1-8  miles.  In  1901,  1902,  and  1903  it  was  1  1-16  miles;  in  1905,  1  5-6  miles;  in  1904 
and  from  1906  to  1910  inclusive,  1  1-8  miles.     No  racing  in  1911  and  1912. 

RESULTS   OF   OTHER   PROMINENT    1918   STAKES. 

Kentucky  Derby,  Louisville.  Ky. — W.  S.  Kelmer's  Exterminator,  Escoba,  Viva  America.    Time,  2.10  4-5. 
Kentucky  Handicap,  Louisville,  Ky. — J.  K.  L.  Ross's  Cudgel,  Pif,  Jr.,  Hoilister.     Time,  2.03. 
Kentucky  Oaks,  Louisville,  Ky. — C.  T.  Worthington's  Viva  America,  Fern  Handley,  Mistress  Polly. 
Excelsior  Handicap,  Jamaica,  L.  I. — John  Sanford's  George  Smith,  Roamer,  Westy  Hogan.   Time,  1.45  2-5. 
Empire  City  Handicap,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. — Andrew  Miller's  Roamer,  Hoilister,  Spur.     Time,  1.51. 
Lawrence  Realization,  Belmont  Park,  L.  I. — H.  P.  Whitney's  Johren,  Wnippoorwill  (only  two  starters, 
I        Time,  2.55  1-5. 

Metropolitan  Handicap,  Belmont  Park,  L.  I. — T.  E.  Widener's  Trompe  La  Morte,  Old  Koeuig,  PrisclUa 
Mullens.    Time,  1.38  2-5. 


AMERICAN   THOROUGHBREDS 

WINNING    .9100,000   OR 

MORE. 

Horse. 

Sts. 

1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

.\mount. 

HonsE. 

Sts. 

1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

Amount. 

Domino 

25 
15 
15 
37 

138 
50 

166 
48 
18 

130 
20 

19 
14 
15 
20 
89 
32 
62 
37 
10 
70 
11 

2 

0 

0 

5 

34 

13 

42 

7 

3 

25 

4 

1 
1 
0 
6 

11 
3 

23 
2 
1 

12 
2 

5193,550 
184,438 
180,912 
154,545 
138,917 
118,872 
118,535 
118,270 
116,450 
116,391 
115,885 

Delhi 

23 
133 
19 
14 
22 
82 
42 
44 
57 
31 
59 

8 
59 
16 

9 
13 
48 
21 
12 
24 
17 
19 

2 

33 

1 

1 

5 

20 

11 

9 

14 

6 

14 

1 

19 
1 
1 
0 
9 
6 
4 

10. 
4 

10 

SI  15,640 

Sysonby ...  1 1 

Strathmeath 

Salvator 

114,958 

Colin....:;;:::;:.. 

113,710 

Ballot 

Tammany 

113,290 

Kingston 

His  Highness 

Firenze 

113,080 

Hanover 

112,586 

Banquet 

Dobbins 

111,012 

Miss  Woodford 

Peter  Pan 

Tournament 

King  James 

Beldame 

107.407 
103,405 

Raceland 

102,570 

Potomac 

Africander 

104,345 

LEADING 

AMERICAN   JOCKEYS    1918   SEASON.     (TO   SEPTEMBER   15.) 

JOCKEY. 

Mts, 

1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

Unp. 

P.  C. 

Jockey. 

Mts. 

1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

Unp. 

p.  C. 

Lyke,  L 

591 

584 

146 
123 

84 
84 

74 
68 

287 
309 

.25 
.21 

Pitz,  J.    .    . . 

292 
299 

38 
34 

37 
33 

32 
31 

185 
201 

.13 

Sande,  E 

Simpson,  R 

.15 

Robinson,  F 

567 

116 

87 

66 

298 

.20 

Kummer,  C    

224 

33 

31 

30 

130 

.15 

Lunsford,  H... . . 

593 

109 

121 

82 

281 

.18 

O'Brien,  \  ».„.... 

166 

31 

22 

20 

93 

.18 

Howard,  J 

432 

85 

58 

52 

287 

.18 

Crump,  W 

148 

30 

25 

20 

73 

.20 

Ensor,  L...... .. 

316 

57 

55 

39 

165 

.18 

Mergler,  C 

227 

29 

25 

35 

13H 

.13 

Walls,  G 

294 

51 

.50 

87 

15C 

.17 

Byrne,  G 

155 

25 

28 

22 

80 

.16 

Pauley,  R ; 

155 

48 

25 

32 

50 

.31 

Garner,  M 

166 

25 

27 

28 

86 

.15 

Gentry,  L 

348 

44 

38 

39 

227 

.13 

Humphries,  W. . . 

106 

25 

19 

22 

40 

.24 

Rodriguez,  J 

323 

41 

39 

46 

197 

.13 

■"^ 

S> 

^ 

Si 

lJU 

Sporting  Records — Continued. 


THE  AMERICAN  TVK¥—ConHiivcd. 


479 


BEST    AMERICAN    RUNNING    RECORDS. 


DISTANCE. 


1-4  mile 

2  1-2  furlongs. 
3-8  mile 

3  1-2  luTlongs. 

1-2  mile.... 

4  1-2  lurlongs. 


5-8  mile 

5  1-2  fiirlongs 

*01d  FuUirity  C  se. 

3-4  mile 

6  1-4  lurlongs 

6  1-2  furlongs 

7-8  mile 

7  1-2  lurlongs 

1  mile 


1  mile  20  yards . . 


1  mile  40  yard.s .  . 

1  mile  50  yards . . 
1  mile  55  yards .  . 
1  mile  60  yards .  . 
1  mile  70  yards .  . 
1  mile  100  yards . 
1  1-16  miles 

1  1-8  miles 

1  3-16  miles 

1  1-4  miles 

1  mile  500  yards . 

1  5-16  miles 

1  3-8  miles 

1  1-2  miles 

1  5-8  miles 

1  3-4  miles 

1  7-8  miles 

2  miles 

2  miles  70  yards . 

2  1-16  miles 

2  1-8  miles 

2  1-4  miles 

2  1-2  miles 

2  5-8  mHea 

2  3-4  miles 

3  miles 

4  miles 


Horse. 


Bob  Wade 

Nash  Cash 

Atoka 

Joe  Blair 

S  Donau 

\  Amon 

Joe  Morris 

\  Floral  Park.. .  . 

Pan  Zareta 

Iron  Mask 

Kingston 

Iron  Mask 

Moutanic 

Brookdale  Nympli 

Roseben 

Restlgouche 

Sunbriar 

;  Froglegs 

\  Senator  James.. 

i  Preen 

J  Mainchauce.  . .  . 

I  Harry  Shaw .  .  . 

!,  Chiclet 

Vox  Populi 

First  ^Vhip 

Watervale 

Pif ,  Jr 

Rapid  Water 

Celesta 

/  Borrow 

\  Boots 

Cudgel 

Whisk  Broom  II.. 

Swiftwiug 

Ballot 

Irish  Lad 

Goodrich 

Fitz  Herbert 

Maj.  Daingerfleld. 

Orcagna 

Everett 

Grosgrain 

War  Whoop 

Joe  Murphy 

Ethelbert 

Kyrat 

TenBroock 

Hubbard 

Mamie  Algol 

/  tLucret.  Borgia. 

1  Sotcnilii 


Age. 

Wgt. 

4 

122 

2 

112 

6 

105 

o 

115 

2 

115 

2 

115 

2 

103 

2 

107 

5 

120 

6 

150 

7 

139 

0 

115 

4 

109 

4 

124 

5 

12C 

3 

107 

3 

113 

4 

107 

S 

103 

4 

104 

3 

114 

4 

104 

4 

114 

4 

104 

3 

101 

3 

98 

fi 

120 

fi 

114 

4 

108 

9 

117 

6 

127 

4 

130 

6 

139 

5 

100 

4 

126 

4 

126 

3 

102 

3 

122 

4 

120 

4 

96 

3 

107 

4 

101 

4 

96 

4 

99 

4 

124 

3 

88 

4 

104 

4 

107 

5 

105 

4 

85 

5 

no 

TrivUK. 


Butte,  Mont 

Charleston,  S.  C.  (Palmetto  Park) 

Butte,  Mont 

Juarez,  Mexico 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.  (Santa  Anita)  . . 

Juarez,  Mexico 

Louisville  (Churchill  Dowik) 

Salt  Lake  City,  V  tah  (Lagoou) . . . 

Juarez,  Mexico 

Juarez,  Mexico 

Sheepshead  Bay,  N.  Y 

Juarez,  Mexico 

Chicago  (Washiugton  Park) 

Belmont  Park,  N.  Y 

Belmont  Park,  N.  Y 

Belmont  Park,  N.  Y' 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 

Loiii.<;ville  (Churcliill  Dov/us) 

Oriental  Park  (Havana) 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (Kenilworth  Park).. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (Kenilworth  Park).. 

Baltimore,  Md.  (Pimlico) 

Baltimore,  Md.  (Pimlico) 

Seattle,  Wash.  (The  Meadow.s) .  .  . 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 

Baltimore,  Md.  (Pimlico) 

Louisville,  Ky.  (Douglas  Park) . .  . 

Oakland,  Cal 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Aqueduct,  N.  Y 

Aqueduct,  N.  Y 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 

Belmont  Park,  N.  Y 

Latoula,  Ky 

Sheepshead  Bay,  N.  Y .  . . ,, 

Sheepshead  Bay,  N.  Y 

Chicago  (Washington  Park) 

Sheepshead  Bay,  N.  Y 

Morris  Park,  N.  Y 

Oakland,  Cal 

Baltimore,  Md.  (Pimlico) 

New  Orleans  (City  Park) 

Toronto,  Ont.  (Woodbine  Park) . . 

Chicago  (Harlem) 

Brighton  Beach,  N.  Y 

Newport,  Ky '. . . 

Lexington,  Ky 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 

New  Orleans,  (City  Park) 

Oakland,  Cal 

Louisville  (Clutrchill  Downs) 


Date. 


Aug.  20 
Feb.  5 
Sept.  7 
Feb.  5 
Mar.  13 
Feb.  9 
May  8 
July  9 
Feb.  10 
Mar.  8 
June  22 
Jan.  4 
July  20 
Oct.  14, 
Oct.  16, 
May  29 
Aug.  6 
May  13 
Feb.  15 
June  16, 
June  29 
Nov.  9 
Nov.  8 
Sep?.  5 
Aug.  22 
May  9 
May  29 
Nov.  30 
Sept.  3 
June  25, 
July  7 
Aug.  16 
June  28 
July  8 
July  1 
June  25 
July  16 
July  13 
Oct.  3 
Mar.  2 
Oct.  31 
Jan.  27 
Sept. 23 
Aug.  30 
Aug.  4 
Nov.  18 
Sept.  16 
Aug.  9 
Feb.  16 
May  20 
Oct.  7 


1890 
1912 
1906 
1916 
1909 
1911 
1909 
1912 
1915 
1914 
1891 
1914 
1901 
1907 
1906 
1908 
1918 
1913 
1918 
1906 
1907 
1915 
1916 
1908 
1900 
1911 
1918 
1907 
1914 
1917 
1917 
1918 
1913 
1906 
1904 
1904 
1898 
1909 
1903 
1909 
1910 
1906 
1905 
1894 
1900 
1899 
1876 
1873 
1907 
1897 


Time. 


21  1-4 

,29  4-5 
1.33  1-2 
.39 

.46  1-5 
.46  1-5 
.52  4-.5 
.52  4-5 
,57  1-5 
.03  2-5 
.08 

.09  3-5 
.15  4-5 
.17  2-5 
.22 


1-5 
1-5 


.31 
.36 
,39 
.39 
.42 
.42 
.42 
.42 

.40  4-5 
.43  1-4 
.42  2-5 
.41  3-5 
.44  1-5 
.42  3-4 
.49  2-5 
.49  2-5 
.56 
.00 

.10  1-5 
.09  3-5 
.17  3-5 
30  1-4 
.45 
.57 

.17  3-5 
.25  3-5 


,35 
.34 
.42 
.49 
.24 
,■58 


1- 

1-4 

1-5 
1-2 
1-2 


58  3-4 
19 
.11 
101217.10  4-5 


7.1 


STRAIGHT   COURSE. 


Distance. 


1-2  mile 

4  1-2  lurlongs . 

5-8  mile. . . . 
6  1-2  furlongs. 

3r4  mile. . . . 
6  1-2  furlongs. 

7-8  mile 

1  mile 

1  1-4  miles,  .  . 


Horse. 


Geraldine 

Preceptor 

Maid  INlarian . 

Plater 

Artful 

Lady  Vera 

Paris 

j  tRoamer.  .  . 

\  Kildeer 

BanQuet 


Age. 

Wgt. 

4 

122 

2 

112 

4 

111 

2 

107 

2 

130 

2 

90 

2 

110 

4 

110 

4 

91 

3 

108 

Track. 


Morris  Park,  N.  Y , 

Belmont  Park.  N.  Y 

Morris  Park,  N.  Y 

Morris  Park,  N.  Y 

Morris  Park,  N.  Y 

Belmont  Park,  N..  Y 

Belmont  Park,  N.  Y. . . 

Saratoga,  N.  Y 

Monmouth  Park,  N.  J. 
Monmouth  Park.  N.  J. 


Date. 


Aug.  30, 
May  19, 
Oct.  9, 
Oct.  21, 
Oct.  15, 
Oct.  19, 
Sept. 12, 
Aug.  21, 
Aug.  13, 
July  17, 


1889 
1908 
1894 
1902 
1904 
1906 
1914 
1918 
1892 
1890 


Time. 


0.46 
0.51 
0.56  3-4 

1.02  2-5 
1.08 

1.16  3-5 
1.22  2-5 
1.34  4-5 
1.37  1-4 

2.03  3-5 


*170  feet  less  than  1-4  mile.     tAgainst  time. 

WINNING   HORSES  ON  AMERICAN  TRACKS.     (TO  SEPTEMBER  1.) 


HORSS. 


Jobren 

Eternal 

Cudgel 

Billy  Kelly.... 
Jack  Hare,  Jr . 
War  Cloud.-... 
Hannibal .  . . . . 

Reamer 

Exterminator. 

♦Sweep  On 

Elfln  Queen.., 


Pedigree. 


Spearmint — MIneoIa. 

Sweep — Hazel  Burke 

Broomstick — Eugenia  Burch. . 

Dick  Welles — Glena 

Marathon — MooD'et 

Polymelian — Dreamy 

Olambala — Mexoana 

Knight  Errant — Rose  Tree  II. 

McGee — Fair  Empress 

Sweep^Yodler 

Disguise — Sprite  B 


Owner. 


H.  P.  Whitney .  .  . 
J.  W.  McClelland 
J.  K.  L.  Ross ... 
J.  K.  L.  Ross.  . .  . 
W.  E.  Applegate. . 
A.  K.  Macomber.. 

R.  T.  Wilson 

A.  MUler 

W.  S.  Kilmer .  .  .  . 

W.  R.  Coo 

Oneck  Stable .  .  .  . 


St.?. 


21 

5 

13 

10 

13 

7 

10 

11 

6 

n 

7 


1st. 


2d 


UnpJ 


1 
3 
1 
1 
3 
4 
2 
1 
5 
2 


Arat. 


S38.431 
32,370 
30,344 
26,581 
23.815 
18,850 
18,525 
18,300 
17,025 
16,061 
15,93« 


480 


Sporting  Records— Continued. 


THE  AMERICAN  TURF— ConWrawed. 


WINNING  HORSES  ON  AMERICAN  TRACKS— ConilraweS. 


HOHSB. 


Lord  Brighton 

Motor  Cop 

Eyelid 

Old  Koenig 

Sun  Briar 

Hauherk 

Batter  Cake 

Enfilade 

Dunboyne 

Belle  of  Bryn  Mawr. 

Compadre 

Passing  Shower 

Col.  Livingston 

Leoohares 

Rancher 

Bribed  Voter 

Spur 

J.  J.  Murdoci 

Star  Hampton 

Bondage. 


Pedigree. 


Ballot — Miss  Crittenden 

Uncle — Xarco 

Eyebrow — Raiment 

Golden  Maxim — ^Masthead ....;. 

Sundridge — Sweet  Briar 

Martinet — Druid 

Buckwheat — Macaroon 

Ramrod — La  RiUe 

Celt — Workmaid 

Ort  Wells — The  Belle  of  May  fair. 

Colin — Playmate 

Ormondale — Passan 

Handsel — Axis 

Broomstick — Leayonara 

Galveston — Sweet  Lavender 

Ballot — Marie  Frances 

King  James — Auntie  Mum 

Contestor — Grotesque 

Star  Shoot — Dorothy  Hampton .  , 
Ogden — Fair  Atalanta.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  . 


Owner. 


Brighton  Stable. 
A.  K.  Macomber 

A.  L.  Aste 

Beverwyck  Stable 
W.  S.  Kilmer.  .  . 
J.  F.  Sweeney. . . 
E.  R.  Bradley... 
M.  L.  Schwartz. . 

P.  A.  Clark 

W.  A.  Prime 

Quincy  Stable . . . 
J.  H.  Rosseter. . . 

B.  J.  Brannon. . . 
E.  B.  McLean.. . 
G.  M.  Hendrie.  . 
J.  B.  Gootimau. . 

.J.  Butler 

J.  Umeiisctter. . . 
W.  M ,  Jeffords . . 
J.  Arthur 


Sts.  1st.  2d.  3d.  Unpl 


11 
5 

10 

10 
6 

17 

12 

U 
4 
4 

12 
7 

15 
9 
6 

18 
7 

28 
8 

23 


6 
0 
2 
2 
2 
5 
4 
2 
0 
0 
3 
2 
2 
3 
1 
3 
3 
11 
4 
7 


Amt. 


13,209 

13,150 

10,730 

10,550 

10,525 

10,099 

9,411 

8,867 

8,670 

8,510 

8,069 

7,900 

7.706 

7,545 

7,535 

7,237 

7.176 

6,530 

6,450 

6,780 


*  Formerly  ran  as  Shoeblack. 
PURCHASE 


PRICES   EUROPEAN   THOROUGHBREDS. 


Horse. 


Prince  Palatine . . 

Flying  Fox 

Cyllene 

Diamond  Jubilee. 

Jardy 

Craganour 

Ormonde 

Val  d'Or 

Cyllene 

Rock  Sand 

Dark  Ronald .... 

Sceptre 

Prince  Palatine.  . 
Yoiu-  Majesty. . . 

Ard  Patrick 

Galtee  More. . . . 

Lancaster 

D.  of  Westminsfr 

Gouvernant 

Minoru 

Lycaon 

Kendal 

Matchbox 

Polar  Star 

Adam 

Bona  Vista 

Pietermaritzburg . 
Flair  


Dollars 


209.000 

189,000 

157,500 

151.200 

150,000 

150,000 

150,000 

140,000 

125,000 

125.000 

125,000 

125,000 

125,000 

112.500 

110,000 

110,000 

110,000 

109,200 

100,000 

100,000 

93,600 

90,000 

90,000 

90,000 

80,000 

80,000 

80,000 

78.000 


HORSE. 


Meddler 

Common 

Melton 

Slieve  Galllon .  . 

Woolwinder 

Doncaster 

Ormonde 

St.  Gatien 

The  Bard 

Carbine 

La  Fleche 

Aboyeur 

Blair  Athol 

Bronzino 

Bridge  of  Canny 

Kangaroo 

Ormonde 

Rosicrucian. .  . . 

Adam 

Chittabob 

Kendal 

Sceptre 

Friar's  Balsam . . 

St.  Maclou 

Melton 

Saraband 

The  Prince 


Dollars 


75,400 
75,000 
75,000 
75,000 
75,000 
70,000 
70,000 
70,000 
70,000 
68,250 
66,150 
65,000 
62,500 
62,400 
60,000 
60,000 
60,000 
60,000 
58,000 
55,000 
52,500 
52„500 
50,000 
50,000 
50,000 
50,000 
50,000 


HORSE. 


Dollars 


Isonomy 

Florist 

Busybody 

Harvester.  ....... 

Cupbearer 

Galopin 

Petrarch 

Robert  the  Devil . 
Scottish  Chief . . . 
Verneuil ........ 

Flying  Lemur. .. , 

Sceptre 

Macaroni 

Beaudesert 

Silvio 

The  Palmer 

Dark  Legend .... 
Admiral  Hawke. . 

Little  Goose 

Hobble  Noble .  .  . 
Bachelor's  D'ble. 
♦Bonnie  Scotland 

Child  wick 

Gladiateur 

Gorges 

King  Lud 

Priam 


45,000 
45,000 
44,000 
43,000 
40.000 
40,000 
40,000 
40,000 
40,000 
39,000 
38,500 
36,400 
35,500 
35,000 
35,000 
35,000 
35,000 
32,760 
32,200 
31,500 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30.000 


Horse. 


Rosicrucian 

Laelia 

Sister  to  Memoir 

Spinaway 

Blue  Gown 

Sun  Kiss 

Galllnule 

Julius  Caesar .... 
West  Australian.. 

Stornoway 

Wheel  of  Fortune 

Cyanin 

Carbine — Sceptre 

Ally 

Pull  Cry 

Cyrene 

Maid  of  the  Mist 

Salamanca 

Rosedrop 

Lindal 

Hampton 

Janette 

Cantiniere 

Maximilian 

Chamant 

Maid  of  Corinth. 
The  Fly.  Dutch'n 


Dollars 


30.000 
29,640 
27,500 
27,400 
26,000 
26,000 
25,500 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
24.440 

24,000 
23,920 
23,920 
23,400 
23,400 
22,500 
21,310 
21,000 
21,000 
20,500 
20,500 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 


*Lord  Rosebery's  not  imported. 


PURCHASE  PRICES  AMERICAN   THOROUGHBREDS. 


HORSE. 


Rock  Sand 

St.  Blaise 

Meddler 

Watercress 

Hamburg 

Hamburg 

Hermls 

Sir  Martin 

Meddler 

Nasturtium. . . . 

Friar  Rock 

Hamburg 

Meddler 

De  Mund 

Fitz  Herbert .  .  . 
The  Commoner. 
Accountant .... 

Dalmatian 

Fltz  Herbert.  .  . 

Kentucky 

King  Thomas. . . 

Uncle 

Peter  Pan 

Hastings 

Bolero 

Enflur.  by  Right. 


Dollars 


150,000 
100,000 
72,500 
71,000 
70,000 
60,000 
60,000 
55,000 
55,000 
50,000 
50,000 
49,500 
49,000 
45,000 
45,000 
41,000 
40,000 
40,000 
40,000 
40,000 
38,000 
38,000 
38,000 
37,000 
35,000 
35,000 


HORSE. 


Henry  ol  Navarre 
W.H.Daniel.... 

Iroquois 

Tournament 

Rayon  d'Or 

Heno 

35,000 
35,000 
34,000 
33,500 
33,000 
32,500 
31,000 
30,500 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
30,000 
29,500 
27,500 
26,600 
26,000 
26.000 

Ornament 

The  Earl 

Colin 

Rashti           .  . 

Chacornac 

Don  Alonzo 

Galore 

Kingston 

L.  Primrose  colt. 

LampUghter 

Laureate 

McChesney 

Oaklawn 

Uncle 

Cudgel 

Dewdrop 

Oiseau 

Omar  Khayyam.. 

Kilmarnock 

Order 

Dollars 


Horse. 


Requital 

Sir  Francis. . . . 

CUlford 

Compute 

David  Garrick. 

Halma 

Horace  E 

Iris 

Lady  Languish 
Maj.  Daingerfleld 
George  Smith.. .  . 

Maxim 

Mortemer 

Plaudit 

Potomac 

Savable 

Tremont 

Silver  King 

Virgil 

Yorkville  Belle.  . 

Hautesse 

Water  Color 

Handspun 

Silver  Fox 

Consideration .  .  . 


Dollars 

26,000 
26.000 
25.000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25.000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
25,000 
24,000 
23,000 
23,000 
22,000 
22,000 
21,000 


HORSE. 


Falsetto 

Yankee 

Pr.  of  Melbourne 
Tlppity  Witchet. 

Dobbins 

Aloha 

Celt 

Ban  Fox 

Bat  Masterson. .. 
Burgomaster .... 
Duke  of  Magenta 
Garry  Herrmann. 
His  Eminence. . 
Lamplighter. . . . 

Louisburg 

Luke  Blackburn 

Mexican 

Mortemer 

Raceland 

Timber 

Viola 

Yankee 

Yankee  Consul . 
Westy  Hogan.. 
Liberty  Loan... 


Dollars 


21,000 
21,000 
20,500 
20,500 
20,200 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20,000 
20.000 


Sporting  Records— Continued. 


481 


THE  AMERICAN  TURF~Co\uinmd. 


WINNING    OWNERS    OR    STABLES    TO    NOVEMBER   1. 


OWNBR  OR  Stable. 

1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

Winnings. 

Owner  or  Stable. 

1st. 

32 
13 
20 
20 
22 
12 
22 
24 
24 
0 
2.-) 
33 
24 
22 
10 

2d. 

3d. 

Winnings. 

J.  K.  L.  Ross 

61 
49 
33 
11 
70 
32 
26 
13 
29 
10 
30 
28 
20 
27 
28 

47 
39 
30 
12 
40 
34 
33 
10 
29 
10 
41 
27 
15 
12 
24 

-55 
29 
16 
7 
42 
30 
31 
15 
28 
14 
34 
22 
20 
10 
15 

S98.777 
92,977 
70,309 
60,665 
49,770 
55,370 
48,660 
42,111 
42.000 
40,063 
36,650 
35,049 
33,030 
32,380 
30,S>4 

J.  Livingston 

39 
15 
12 
20 
22 

4 
24 
27 
18 

5 
12 
21 
17 
20 
11 

36 

8 
21 
20 
15 

3 
15 
15 
27 

6 
11 
25 
19 
10 
11 

830,090 
30  039 

A.  K.  Macomber 

A.  Miller 

H.  P.  Whitney 

T.  Sanlord 

29,347 
27.600 

J.  W.  McClelland 

G.  W.  Loft 

William  Bros 

B.  T.  Brannon 

26.950 
26.640 
.    24,250 
23,011 
21,446 
20.263 
19,676 
18,871 
18»716 
18,500 

W.  R.  Coe 

R.  T.  Wilson 

W.  E.  Applegate 

R.  F.  Carman 

P.  A.  Clark 

S.  C.  Hildreth 

J.  E.  Wldener 

R.  Parr 

W.  S.  Kilmer 

Oneck  Stable 

E.  R.  Bradley 

Taple  Spring  Farm 

K   Speuce   

E.  B.  McLean 

W.  F.  Poison 

R.  L.  Bresler ; .    . 

Brigliton  Stables 

J.  B.  Goodman 

Qulncoy  Stables 

F.  F.  Sweeney 

17,872 

LEADING   ENGLISH   WINNING   OWNERS   OF   191f 

. 

OWNER. 

Winning 
Horses. 

Races 
Won. 

Value. 

OW.S'ER. 

Winning 
Horses. 

Races 
Won. 

Value.1 

Lady  James  Douglas 

1 
5 
8 
6 
3 
2 
10 
1 
3 
3 
1 
7 
4 
3 
2 
3 

4 
10 
16 
9 
5 
4 
13 
4 
5 
4 
1 
7 
4 
6 
4 
5 

S67,05G 

40,185 

36,722 

30,370 

23,670 

22,635 

21,140 

■  16,190 

13,850 

13,720 

12.650 

10.720 

9.905 

9,197 

9,070 

9,0.52 

Lord  d'Abernon 

2 
4 
3 
3 
3 
4 
2 
1 
6 
2 

2 
4 
5 
4 
5 
2 

4 
6 
3 
4 
3 
6 
5 
2 
6 
4 
3 
5 
6 
5 
5 
3 

S8.625 

W  M.  Cazalet 

Sir  A.  Black 

8,410 

Sol  Joel     

Lord  Londonderry 

D,  Fraser 

8,285 

Lord  Derbv 

8,275 

Malor  W.  Astor 

Lord  Rosebery 

8,260 

A  W  Cox. . .              .... 

E   Hulton 

8,245 

Lord  Glanely 

Sir  W.  Gilbey 

8.075 

Sir  G.  Noble 

Major  L.  B.  HolUday 

Reid  Walker 

8.000 

W.  DePledge 

7.870 

F.  Hardy . 

7.695 

C  T  Garland 

J.  A.  de  Rotbschlld 

F.  J.  Benson 

6.240 

6,100 

Duke  of  Portland 

Madame  Varlpati 

6,035 
5,535 

W.  H.  Dixon 

6,240 

R.  B.  Thorburn 

R.  J.  Farfiuhanon 

5,030 

LEADING  ENGLISH  JOCKEYS  OF  1918. 

Jockey. 

■MtS. 

1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

Unp. 

P.C. 

JOCKEY. 

MtS. 

1st. 

2d. 

3d. 

Unp. 

P.C. 

Donoghue,  S 

Carslake,.  B 

Fox,  F 

Hulme,  G..  . 

Whaley,  A 

Martin,  J.  H .  .  .  . 

Smyth,  V 1 

Madden,  O ' 

224 
166 
218 
171 
170 
175 
206 
130 

54 
35 
25 
21 
19 
15 
15 
11 

35 
23 
17 
22 
21 
16 
26 
12 

26 
9 
19 
12 
23 
14 
28 
9 

109 
98 
157 
116 
107 
130 
137 
98 

24.10 

21.08 

11.46 

12.22 

11.17 

8.57 

7.28 

8.46 

Balding.  W 

Leader.  T 

Laugford.  W.  .  .  . 

Childs.  J 

McFadden.  J 

Colling.  R 

Foy,  C 

107 
139 
89 
78 
58 
60 
88 
149 

10 
9 
8 
7 
6 
6 
6 
6 

6 

10 

5 

11 

3 

2 

7 

15 

3 
13 
9 
8 
4 
9' 
5 
11 

88 
107 
67 
52 
45 
43 
70 
117 

9.34 
6.47 
8.91 
9.10 
10.34 
10.00 
6.81 

Cooper,  R  . 

4.02 

HARNESS    HORSE    RACiE«JC. 

WORLD'S  TROTTING  RECORDS. 


DiSIANCB. 

Name. 

le  (world's  record).. . 
i  n  a  race   

Uhlan* 

Hamburg  Belle. .. 

1     " 

on  half-mile  t 

by  a  stallion  . 

"    gelding. 

"    mare 

(with  runu'gi 
by  a  yearling 
"    two- year 
"  tUree-vea 
"    four-yeai 
"    five-year 
"    six-year- 
to  high  wheel 

il        11                 n 

r,2  lipat.s 

rack. 

Uhlan* 

1    *^ 

Lee  Axworthy... 
Uhlan* 

1    " 

1     *^ 

i  *^ 

nate) 

Lou  Dillon" 

Uhran* 

1  " 

1  ii 

1  '* 

1  II 

1  '* 
1  ** 
1   II 

1   " 

Bes 

-old., 
r-old 
•-old. 
-old., 
old.. 
Bulky 

The  Ileal  Lad  V  .. 
MissBerthaDilloii 
Lee  Axworthy... 

Lou  Dillon* 

Lou  Dillon* 

Major  Del  mar*.... 
Peter  Billiken»t. 
Hamburg  Belle. . . 

"   3    " 

2  miles 

Lu  Princeton 

The  Harvester*. . . 

If 

/Nightingale* 

1  Fairy  W-ood 

/Bertie  R 

iSenator  L 

Bishop  Hero 

4 

CI 

b 

. 

10 

80 
30 

If 

/  Pascal*  ... ... 

•f         *'* 

(.Controller; ...:.. 
Capt.  McGowan*... 
Gen.  Taylor* 

'fiO 

•• 

Ariel* 

100 

§• 

Conqueror* 

Place. 


Lexington,  Ky 

No.  Randall,  Ohio 

Goshen,  N.  Y 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Lexington,  Ky... 

Memphis,  Ten  n .  t 

Lexington,  Ky 

Lexington,  Ky 

Lexington.  Ky 

Atlama   Ga. ., 

Le.^ington,  Ky 

Memphis,  Tenn,t 

jremphjs,  Tenn ,. 

Memphis,  Teun 

Goslien,  N.  Y , 

No.  Randall,  Ohio , 

Atlanta,  Ga.. 

Lexington,  Ky.; 

Nashville,  Tenn.  (reg.) 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Blackpool,  England  t. 
San  Jose,  Cal.  i.reg.) . . . 
Oakland,  Cal.  (reg.)  — 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (reg.) 
San  Francisco, Cal.  (reg.) 

Boston,  Mass.  (reg.) 

.San  Francisco ,  Cal 

Albany,N.  Y 

Centreville.  L.  I 


Dnte. 


Oct. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

.Sent 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct 

Oct. 

Nov 

Oct. 

Aug. 

-■^ug. 

Oct. 

Oct 

Oct. 

July 

Sept 

Nov 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

Feb. 

May 

Nov. 


8,1912 
25,19U9 
24.1911 
12,1916 
8, 1912 
24,1903 

9,1918 

2,1912 

7,1916 
18,1917 

4,1916 
24,1903 
11,1904 
26,1904 
20,1914 
25.1909 
16,1918 
13,1910 
20,1893 

1,1895 
.11,1899 

2,1894 
14,1893 

2,1893 
23,1878 
31,1865 
21,1857 

0,1846 
12,1853 


Time. 


2.02 


%  OlM 
3.  MU 


1.68 
2.01Ji 
2.02P4 
2.00 
1.58 
1.58><J 
1.64^ 
2.15M 
2MX 
2.03M 
1.69>!^ 
1.58><S 
2.01 
2.07 
2.UH 
2.01M 
2.02!-^ 
4.15M 
6.65!,^ 
V.ieiyij 
9.58 
10.12 
12.309i 
26.15 
27.23M 
58.25 
1.47.69 

8.55.53 


482 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


HARNESS    HORSE    RACING — Continued. 


Trotting— To  Wason. 


1  mile  (against  time) 
^   (<  «(  lb 

1    "    in  a  race 

Best2heats 

"    3    "      

3  miles 

3    "     

5     "     

10     "      

20    *•      


Lou  Dillou*., 

Uhlan* 

Lou  Dillon .  . 
Lou  Dillon... 

Hopeful 

Pelegon 

Ed.  Bryan... 
Ed.  Bryan... 
Julia  Aldrich 
Controller.... 


Memphis,  Teuu.t. .. . 

Cleveland,  Ohio 

Memphis.Tenn 

Memphis,  Tenu 

Chicago,  111 

Belmont,  Phila 

Point  Breeze,  Phila 
Philadelphia,  Pa. . . . 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Oct.  28,1903 
Aug.  8,1911 
Oct.  21,1903 
Oct.  21,1903 
Oct.  12,1878 
Oct.  20,1909 
Nov.  8,1905 
Aug.  22,1907 
.June  15,1858 
April20,1878 


2.i6Ji 

2.17 

2.00 

2.00 

2.049i 

2.04^ 

2.17 

4.38 

7.30}^ 
13.03 
29.041^ 
58.57 


Trotting— By   Teani.^. 


1  mile 

1   "   Inarace  

1  "    road  wagon 

BestSheatsiu  a  race.. 


fUhlan 

\  Lewis  Forrest. 


(Roy  Miller. 

\Lucy  Van j 

fMaudS.« \ 

lAldine! / 

/Arab l 

tConde / 


Lexington,  Ky 

Syrafu.se,  N.  Y , 

Fleetwood  Park,  N.  Y. 
San  Francisco.  Cal 


Oct.  11,1912 
Sept.  11,1918 
June  15,1883 
Nov.  26,1887 


2.29'4  2.23 


2.03Ji 
2.10Ji 
2.15^ 
2.18?i 


•Against  time.    tPaced  by  runner  to  sulky  carrying  wind  or  dust  shield,  runner  preceding  trotter. 
tHaU  mile  track, 

WORLD'S  PACING  RECORDS. 


Distance. 


>jmile 

1  mile 

1  "     by  a  stallion 

1  "  by  a  gelding 

1  "  in  the  open , 

1  "  by  a  mare 

1  •«  (half  mile  track).. 

1  "  in  a.»ace 

1  "  yearling  flUy 

1  "  yearling  colt 

1  "  two-year-old 

1  ••  three-year-old  ... 

1  "  four- year-old 

1  "  high- wheel  sulky 

2  miles 


4  "       

5  "       

Best  2  heats. 

-'    3    " 


Name. 


Dan  Patch 

Dan  Patch* 

Dan  Patch' 

Directum  I 

Prince  Alert" 

Directum  I 

Miss  Harris  M 

Dan  Patch 

Directum  I 

Rose  McGee 

Prank  Perr.v 

Direct;  the  Work. 
Anna  Bradford. .. 

William 

Dan  Patch* 

Dan  Patch*... 

j  Joe  Jefferson*.. 
\  James  K.  Polk... 

Joe  Jefferson* 

'Marconi 

Directum  I. 

William 


Place. 


Memphis,  Tenn 

St. Paul, Minn,  t 

St.  Paul,  Minn,  t 

Syracuse.  N.  Y 

New  York, N.  Y.t 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Toledo,  O 

AUentown,  Pa 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Lexington,  Ky 

Lexington,  Ky 

Lexington,  Ky 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.... 

Macon,  Ga.t 

Macon,  Ga.t. 


Kuoxville,  Iowa  (reg. )  . 
Ceutreville,  L.  I.  (reg.)  . 
Kuoxville,  Iowa  (reg. ). 

Quebec,  Can 

Columbus,  Ohio 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich 


Date. 


Oct. 

Sept 
Sept 
Sept. 
Sept 
Sept 
July 
Sept. 
Sept 
Aug. 
Sept, 
Sept 
Sept. 
Aug. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Sept 
Nov. 
Sept. 
Sept. 
Aug. 


27.1903 
8,1906 
8,1906 

16. 1916 
23, 1903 
30, 1914 
23,1918 
21,1905 
30,1914 
12,1914 
12,1911 

13. 1917 
2&,1914 

5,1914 
30,1903 
30,19i)3 

6,1891 
13,1847 
13,1891 
10,1917 
30,1914 

5.1W4 


Time. 


2.00><j 


1.58 
200 


.56 

'  1.55W 

1.5SW 

1.56M 

1.57 

1.58 

1.58^ 

2.02 

1.58 

2.19M 

2.15 

2.06^ 
^2.00M 

2.00 

2.mi 

4.17 

7.3^ 

7.44 
10.10 
12.02% 

2.00 

2.02^ 


To  Wagon. 


Distance. 


1  mile  (against  time). 

1    "     in  a  race 

2miles 

3  "      

4  "      


Best  2  beats . 
"3     "     . 


N.ime. 


Dan  Patch* 

Angus  Pointer. . 
Young  America. 

Longfellow 

Longfellow 

LadvSt.  Clair... 

Edith  W 

Johnston 


Place. 


Memphis,  Teun. 
Memphis,  Teun. 


Oct. 
Oct. 


Saci'amento,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Memphis,  Tenn 

St.  Paul,  Minn 


Date. 


27,1903 
20,1904 


Sept.  7,1869 
Dec.  31,1869 
Dec.  11,1874 
Oct.  22,1902 
Sept.  16.1887 


Time. 


2.16^ 


2.0: 
2.15J^ 


1.67J< 
2M^ 

4.58i(!, 

7.53 
10.42^ 
12.54^ 

2.O0M 

2.15H 


By  a  Team. 


1  mue. 


II 


Minor  Heir . 
Geo.  Gano... 


.::} 


Coiumous,  Ohio Oct.    1,1912 2.02 


*Against  time.  tPaced  by  runner  to  sulky  carrying  a  wind  or  a  dust  shield,  the  ruuuer  preceding 
the  pacei 


RACQUETS,    SQUASH,    ETC. 


Few  champlonshipa  were  played  for  In  these  de- 
partments of  sport  during  1918.  Fillmore  Van  S. 
Hyde  won  the  final  round  of  the  National  Squash 
Tennis  Association  Championship  Tournament  at 
New  York,  February  7,  defeating  J.  Victor  Onativla, 
jr..  15—8,  15 — 4,  15—10.     Dr.  H.  S.  MlxseU  won 


the  Class  B  Championship  at  New  York,  March  9, 
defeating  F.  Jenkins,  5—15,  15—9,  15—9,  15—8, 
In  the  final  round.  Charles  C.  Peabody  won  the 
Massachusetts  Patriotic  Tournament  at  Boston, 
February  16,  defeating  W.  V.  Greehough,  15 — 3, 
13—16,  15—10,  15—12. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


483 


COLLEGE    ATHLETICS. 


I.  C.  A.  A.  A.  A. 

The  annual  Intercollegiate  Amateur  Athletic 
Association  of  America  Championship  Trade  and 
Field  games  were  resumed  in  1918,  being  held  at 
Franklin  Field,  Philadelphia,  May  31  and  June  1. 
Results:  won  by  Cornell  with  47  points;  second, 
Pittsburgh,  30;  third,  Dartmouth,  26;  fourth,  Prince- 
ton, 19;  fifth,  Pennsylvania,  18;  sixth,  Massachu- 
setts Tech.,  13;  seventh,  Columbia,  12;  eighth,  Johns 
Hopkins,  Lafayette  and  Pennsylvania  State  tied  at  5 
eacli;  ninth,  Amherst,  3M;  tenth.  Brown  and  Yale 
tied  with  3  each;  eleventh,  Rutgers,  2)^;  twelfth. 
Harvard,  2;  thirteenth,  Swarthmore,  1. 

Individual  events,  finals  only;  100-yard  dash — 
Won  by  W.  H.  Ganzemuller,  Pennsylvania  State; 
second,  C.  Hammond,  Pennsylvania;  third,  F.  Davis, 
Pennsylvania;  fourtli,  T.  W.  Bossert,  Massachusetts 
Tech.;  fifth,  H.  E.  Shackelton,  Cornell.  Time — 10 
l-5s.  220-yard  dash — Won  by  C.  Hammond, 
Pennsylvania;  second,  F.  J.  Shea,  Pittsburgh;  third, 
Fred  Davis,  Pennsylvania;  fourth,  T.  W.  Bossert, 
Massachusetts  Tech.;  fifth,  R.  E.  Brown,  Princeton. 
Time — 21  3-5s.  120-yard  hurdle — Won  by  C.  R. 
Erdman,  Princeton;  second,  W.  Smith,  Cornell; 
third,  G.  A.  Trowbridge,  Princeton;  fourth,  W.  H. 
Cleminshaw,  Cornell;  fifth,  E.  N.  Pratt,  Cornell. 
Time — 15  2-5s.  220-yard  hurdles — Won  by  C.  R. 
Erdman,  Princeton;  second,  W.  Smith,  Cornell; 
third,  W.  H.  Cleminshaw,  Cornell;  fourth,  E.  B. 
Bicklord,  Cornell;  fifth,  G.  A.  Trowbridge,  Princeton. 
Time — 24  2-5s.  440-yard  run — Won  by  F.  J.  Shea, 
Pittsburgh;  second,  J.  M.  Mui'ray,  Dartmouth; 
third,  M.  Gustafsen,  Pennsylvania;  fourth,  H.  Staub, 
Columbia;  fifth,  W.  J.  Carto,  Dartmouth.  Time — 
47  3-5s.  Two-mile  run — Won  by  I.  C.  Dresser, 
Cornell;  second,  D.  F.  Peck,  Cornell;  third,  W.  K. 
Macmahon,  Massachusetts  Tech.;  fourth,  R.  E. 
Spear,  Cornell;  fifth,  C.  S.  Seelbach,  Cornell.  Time — 
9m.  42  4-5s.  Half-mile  run — Won  by  C.  Shaw, 
Columbia;  second,  K.  A.  Mayer,  Cornell;  third, 
G.  W.  Albrecht,  Pittsburgh;  fourth,  S.  Bowden, 
Massachusetts  Tech.;  fifth,  F.  L.  Abreu,  Cornell. 
Time — Im.  56  4-5s.  One-mile  run — Won  by  W.  G. 
Kleinspehn,  Lafayette;  second,  G.  F.  Halfacre, 
Massachusetts  Tech.;  third.  Perry  Addleraan,  Pitts- 
burgh; fourth,  K.  D.  Maynard,  Cornell;  fifth.  Royal 
Shephard,  Columbia.  Time — 4m.  24s.  S.hop  put — 
Won  by  W.  C.  Beers,  Dartmouth,  45  ft.  1  1-4  in.; 
second,  R.  F.  Cleveland,  Princeton,  41  ft.  5  in.;  third, 
T.  Sinclair,  Brown,  39  ft.  9  1-2  In.;  fourth,  J.  B. 
Sutherland,  Pittsburgh,  39  ft.  9  in.;  fifth,  Paul 
Chandler,  Swarthmore,  38  ft.  3  1-2  in.  Hammer 
throw — Won  by  J.  B.  Sutherland,  Pittsburgh,  152  ft.; 
7  1-4  in.;  second,  L.  H.  Weld,  Dartmouth,  135  ft.' 
3  1-4  in.;  third,  K.  C.  Bevan,  Dartmouth,  127  ft.  1  in.; 
fourth,  Ames  Stevens,  Harvard,  124  ft.  10  in.;  fifth, 
J.  R.  Bangs,  Cornell,  112  ft.  5  in.  High  jump — Won 
by  M.  Firor,  Johns  Hopkins,  5  ft.  11  3-8  in.;  J.  E. 
Hugus,  Pittsburgh,  and  M.  Anderson,  Amherst,  tied 
for  second  at  6  ft.  10  1-2  In.;  fourth  J.  F.  Moriarty, 
Dartmouth,  5  ft.  9  1-2  In.;  fifth,  N.  C.  Beers,  Dart- 
mouth, 5  ft.  8  1-2  In.  Pole  vaults— Roy  Easterday, 
Pittsburgh,  and  J.  Z.  Jordan,  Dartmouth,  tied  for 
first  place  at  12  ft.  3  in.;  Joseph  Breckley,  Rutgers, 
W  W  Webber,  Yale,  E.  A.  Myers,  Dartmouth,  and 
D.  B.  Ford,  Yale,  tied  for  third  place  at  12  ft.  Broad 
lump— Won  by  R.  K.  Felter,  Cornell,  22  ft.  6  in.; 
second,  H.  Schulte,  Columbia,  22  ft.  3-4  in.;  third, 
H.  E.  Shackelton,  Cornell,  21  ft.  5  1-4  in.;  fourth, 
W.  Smith,  Cornell,  21  ft.  4  1-2  In.;  fifth,  J.  M.  Sum- 
merill,  Rutgers,  21  ft.  1-4  in. 

The  annual  indoor  meet  was  not  held  on  account 

BEST  I.  C.  A.  A.  A.  A.  RECORDS. 
100-yard  dash— 9  4-53.,  B.  J.  Wefera,  Georgetown 
University,  New  York,  May  30,  1896,  and  R.  C. 
Craig,  Michigan,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  26  and  27, 
1911.  220-yard  dash — 21  l-5s.,  B.  J.  Wafers,  George- 
town University,  New  York,  May  30,  1896,  and  R. 
C.  Craig,  Michigan,  Philadelphia,  May  28,  1910, 
and  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  27,  1911,  and  D.  F. 
IJppincott,  Pennsylvania,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May 
31,  1913.  440-yard  run— 47  2-58.,  J.  E.  Meredith, 
Pennsylvania,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  27,  1916. 
Half-mile  run— Im.  538.,  J.  E.  Meredith,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  27,  1916.  One-mile 
run— 4m.  14  2-5s.,  J.  P.  Jones,  Cornell,  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.,  May  31,  1913.  Two-mile  run— 9ra. 
23  4-58.,  J.  S.  Hoflmlre,  Cornell,  Cambridge,  Mass., 


May  30, 1914.  Running  broad  jump— 24  ft.  4  1-2  In., 
A.  G.  Kraenzlein,  Pennsylvania,  New  York,  May  27, 
1899.  Running  high  jump— 6  ft.  4  1-2  in.,  W.  M. 
Oler,  Jr.,  Yale,  Philadelphia,  May  29,  1915.  Putting 
16-pound  shot — 48  ft.  10  3-4  in.,  P.  Beatty,  Colum- 
bia, Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  1,  1912.  Throwing  the 
hammer — 173  ft.  6  in.,  Lee  Talbott,  Pennsylvania, 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  May  7,  1910.  Pole  vault — 13  ft. 
1  in.,  R.  Gardner,  Yale,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  1, 
1912.  120-yard  high  hurdles — 15s.,  F.  S.  Murray, 
Leland  Stanford,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  27,  1916. 
220-yard  hurdles— 23  3-5s.,  A.  C.  Kraenzlein.  Penn- 
sylvania, New  York,  May  28, 1898,  and  J.  I.Wendell, 
Wesleyan,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  May  31,  1913.  One- 
mile  walk— Om.  45  2-53.,  W.  B.  Fetterman,  Jr.,  Penn- 
sylvania, New  York,  May  28,  1898. 

PREVIOUS  WINNERS. 
1876,  Princeton;  1877,  Columbia;  1878,  Columbia; 
1879,  Columbia;  1§80,  Harvard;  1881,  Harvard; 
1882,  Harvard;  1883,  Harvard;  1884,  Harvard;  1885, 
Harvard;  1886,  Harvard;  1887,  Yale;  1888,  Harvard; 
1889,  Yale;  1890,  Harvard;  1891,  Harvard;  1892, 
Harvard;  1893,  Yale;  1894,  Yale;  1895,  Yale;  1896, 
Yale;  1897,  Univ.  of  Pennsylvania;  1898,  Univ.  of 
Pennsylvania;  1899,  Univ.  of  Pennsylvania;  1900, 
Univ.  of  Pennsylvania;  1901,  Harvard;  1902,  Yale; 
1903,  Yale;  1904,  Yale;  1905,  Cornell;  1906,  Cornell; 
1907,  Univ.  of  Pennsylvania;  1908,  Cornell;  1909, 
Harvard;  1910,  Univ.  of  Pennsylvania;  1911,  Cornell: 
1912,  Univ.  of  Pennsylvania;  1913,  Univ.  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; 1914,  Cornell;  1915,  CorneU;  1916,  Cornell; 
1917,  no  meet;  1918,  Cornell. 

WESTERN  INTERCOLLEGIATE  CONFER- 
ENCE CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Eighteenth  annual  meet,  held  at  Chicago,  111.,  June 
7-8.  Point  scores:  Michigan  37  1-2,  Illinois  26, 
Missoiu-i  24,  Chicago  18,  Wisconsin  13  1-2,  Minne- 
sota 12  1-2,  Drake  12,  Notre  Dame  11,  Purdue  10, 
Northwestern  5,  Depauw  5,  Kansas  4  1-2,  Indiana 
4,  Ohio  State  2,  Ames  1,  A.  S.  Osteopathy  1. 

Summaries,  finals  only:  100-yard  dash — Won  by 
Drew,  Drake;  second,  Scholz,  Missouri;  third,  Carroll, 
Illinois;  fourth.  Collier,  Indiana  Time — 10s.  220- 
yard  dash — Won  by  Drew,  Drake;  second,  Collier, 
Indiana;  third,  Scholz,  Missouri;  fourth,  Carroll, 
Illinois.  Time — 22  2-5s.  440-yard  run — Won  by 
Barlow,  Missouri;  second,  Speer,  Chicago;  third, 
Weber,  Northwestern;  fourth,  Hamilton,  North- 
western. Time — 52  2-5s.  Half-mile  run — Won  by 
I.  Houser,  Minnesota;  second,  McCosh,  Chicago; 
third,  Roney,  Missouri;  fourth,  Nash,  Wisconsin. 
Time — Im.  59  l-5s.  One-mile  run — Won  by  McCosh, 
Chicago;  second.  Crump,  Wisconsin;  third,  Connelly,' 
Michigan;  fourth.  Stone,  Ames.  Time — 4m.  29  2-5s.  ] 
Two-mile  run — Won  by  Sedgwick,  Michigan;  second, : 
Atkins,  Purdue;  third,  Moore,  Chicago;  fourth,  \ 
Crump,  Wisconsin.  Time — 2m.  51s.  120-yard ' 
hurdles — Won  by  Johnson,  Michigan;  second,  Jones. 
Depauw;  third,  Andrews,  Wisconsin;  fourth,  Osborne, 
Missouri.  Time — 15  3-53.  Sylvester,  Missouri  and 
GllflUan,  Notre  Dame,  second  and  third,  respectively, 
disqualified  for  knocking  down  three  hurdles.  220- 
yard  hurdles — Won  by  Johnson,  Michigan;  second, 
Sylvester,  Missouri;  third,  Jones,  Depauw;  fourth, 
Gilfillan,  Notre  Dame.  Time — 24  4-5s.  One-mile 
relay — Won  by  Wisconsin;  second,  Missouri;  third, 
Chicago;  fovu-th.  Northwestern.  Time — 3m.  29  3-5s. 
Grenade  throw — lUinoia  and  Michigan  tied  for  first 
and  second  with  61  hits  out  of  a  possible  75;  Minne- 
sota and  Wisconsin  tied  for  third  and  fourth  with  45 
out  of  75.  Wilson  of  Illinois,  was  the  highest  indi- 
vidual scorer  with  25  hits,  and  Haigh  of  Michigan, 
second  with  24.  Discus  throw — Won  by  Gilfillan, 
Notre  Dame,  135  ft.  6  1-2  in.;  Weiss,  Illinois,  second, 
131  ft.  3  in.;  Tanhouser,  Minnesota,  third,  121  ft. 

1  in.;  Baker,  Michigan,  fourth,  119  ft.  2  in.  Javelin 
throw,  free  style — Won  by  Wilson,  Illinois,  177.  ft. 

2  1-4  In.;  Grossman,  Chicago,  second,  165  ft.  3  3-4  in.; 
Griffith,  Ohio  State,  third,  164  It.  11  in.;  Weiss, 
Illinois,  fourth,  162  ft.  2  1-4  In.  Hammer  throw — 
Won  by  Jordan,  Purdue,  134  ft.  1  In.;  Anderson, 
Illinois,  second,  128  ft.  3  Jn.;  Davis.  Minnesota, 
third,  124  ft.:  Pike,  IlUnbla,  fourth,  121  ft.  11  in. 
High  jump — Won  by  Osborn,  Missouri;  Later. 
Michigan  and  Rice,  Kansas,  tied  for  second  and 
third;  Linn,  Northwestern,  fourth.  Height  5  ft. 
11  3-4  in.  Running  broad  jump — Won  by  Johnson, 
Michigan,  23  ft.  11  1-4  in.;  Lang,  Illinois,  second. 


484 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


C©LLEGE    ATHLETICS— ConMnuetf. 


22  It.  7  1-2  in.;  Rice,  Kansas^  third,  22  It.  3  in.; 
Kriedler.  Illinois,  lourth,  22  ft.  1  1-2  in.  Pole  vaultr-^ 
Won  by  Cross,  Michigan,  height,  12  tt.;  Klefer, 
Purdue,  Lang,  Illinois,  and  Erwin,  Drake,  tied  lor 
second,  third  and  lourth.  Height,  11  It.  6  in.  Shot 
put — Won  by  GllflUan,  Notre  Dame,  40  It.  8  7-8  in.; 
Baker,  Michigan,  second,  40  ft.  8  1-4  In.;  G.  Houser, 
Minnesota,  third,  40  ft.  6  1-2  in.;  Bohn,  American 
School  of  Osteopathy,  fourth,  40  ft.  4  5-8  in. 

BEST  CONFERENCE  RECORDS. 
100-yard  dash — 9  4-5s.,  W.  W.  May,  Chicago, 
June  1,  1907,  and  June  6,  1908,  and  J.  Ward,  Chi- 
cago, Urbana,  111.,  June  5,  1915.  220-yard  run 
around  a  turn — 223.,  William  Hogenson,  Chicago, 
June  3,  1905;  H.  J.  Huff,  Grinnell,  June  1,  1907. 
Straightaway —  21  3-5s.,  J.  Ward,  Chicago,  Urbana, 
111.,  June  5,  1915.  440-yard  run — 47  2-5s.,  Binga 
Dismond,  Chicago,  Evanston,  111.,  June  3,  1916. 
880-yard  run — Im.  53  l-5s.,  Don  Scott,  Mississippi 
A.  and  A.,  Evanston,  111.,  June  3,  1916.  One-mile 
run — 4m.  15  4-5s.,  E.  H.  Fall,  Oberlin,  Chicago, 
111.,  June  9,  1917.  Two-mile  run— 9di.  33  2-5s.,  A. 
H.  Mason,  Illinois,  Urbana,  111,,  June  5,  1915.  120- 
yard  high  hurdles — 14  3-5s.,  Robert  Simpson,  Mis- 
souri, Evanston,  111.,  June  3,  1916.  220- yard  low 
hurdles — 23  4-6s.,  Robert  Simpson,  Missouri,  Evans- 
ton, m.,  June  3,  1916.  Pole  vault — 12  ft.  8  1-4  In., 
J.  K.  Gold,  Madison,  Wis.,  June  7,  1913.  Running 
high  jump — 6  ft.  5-8  In.,  W.  French,  Kansas,  June 
4,  1910.  Running  broad  jump — 23  ft.  11  3-4  in., 
Carl  Johnson,  Michigan,  Chicago,  111.,  June  8,  1918. 
Putting  16-pound  shot— 47  ft.  1-4  in.,  Ralph  Rose, 
Michigan,  June  4,  1904.  Throwing  16-pound  ham- 
mer— 160  ft.  4  In.,  K.  Shattuck,  California,  Madi- 
son, Wis.,  June  7, 1913.  Throwing  the  discus — 155  ft. 
2  in.,  A.  M.  Mucks,  Wisconsin,  Evanston,  111., 
June  3,  1916.  One-mile  relay  (4  men) — 3m.  21  4-5s., 
Chicago  (Campbell,  Stegemann,  Cornwall,  Dis- 
mond), Urbana,  lU.,  June  5,  1915.  Javelin  throw — 
194  ft.  11  in.,  C.  G.  Higglns,  Chicago,  111.,  June  9, 
1917. 

YALE-HARVARD-PRINCETON  MEET. 
The  first  triangular  track  meet  ever  held  between 
Yale,  Harvard  and  Princeton  was  staged  at  New 
Haven,  May  25.     Point  scores:    Princeton  49  1-3, 
Yale  41  2-3,  Harvard  13. 

Summaries,  finals  only:  120-yard  hurdles — Won 
by  C.  R.  Erdman,  Princeton;  G.  A.  Trowbridge, 
Princeton,  second;  G.  C.  Buzby,  Princeton,  third. 
Time — 15  3-5s.  100-yard  dash — Won  by  S.  A. 
Stewart,  Princeton;  R.  E.  Brown,  Princeton,  second; 
F.P.Heffelflnger,  Yale,  third.  Time — 10  2-5  s.  One-mile 
run — Won  by  Capt.  E.  B.  Fisher,  Yale;  E.  E.  Lucas, 
Harvard,  second;  W.  L.  Savage,  Princeton,  third. 
Time — 4m.  36  3-5s.  440-yard  dash — Won  by  J.  H. 
Barrett,  Princeton;  F.  P.  Heflelfinger,  Yale,  second; 
P.  E.  Stevenson,  Harvard,  third.  Time — 50  4-5s. 
220-yard  dash — Won  by  C.  R.  Erdman,  Princeton; 
G.  A.  Trowbridge,  Princeton,  second;  G.  C.  Buzby, 
Princeton,  third.  Time — 25s.  High  jump — Won  by 
B.  M.  Brock,  Princeton;  T.  Y.  Lin,  Yale,  second; 
third  place  tie  between  S.  Vanderbilt,  Yale,  L.  S. 
Hitchcock,  Yale,  and  W.  Baird,  Princeton.  Height — 
5  ft.  8  1-2  in.  Shot  put — Won  by  R.  Cleveland, 
Princeton;  A.  Stevens,  Harvard,  second;  A.  Vorys, 
Yale,  third.  Cleveland's  throw,  39  ft.  8  1-4  in. 
Half-mile  run — Won  by  H.  W.  Cheel,  Yale;  D.  J. 
Duggan,  Harvard,  second;  H.  D.  Costigan,  Harvard, 
third.  Time — 2m.  1  4-5s.  Two-mile  run — Won  by 
Krauss,  Yale;  J.  S.  Montgomery,  Princeton,  second; 
H.  G.  Waterman,  Yale,  third.  Time — 10m.  7s. 
Hammer  throw — Won  by  A.  Stevens,  Harvard;  A. 
Vorys,  Yale,  second;  R.  Thompson,  Yale,  third. 
Distance — 110  ft.  11  In.  Pole  vault — Won  by  G.  F. 
Sweeny,  Yale;  W.  W.  Webber,  Yale,  second;  D.  B. 
Ford,  Yale,  third.  Height — 12  ft.  220-yard  dash — 
Won  by  J.  H.  Barrett,  Princteon;  F.  G.  Thompson, 
Yale,  second:  F.  P.  Hcffelfinger,  Yale,  third.  Time — 
22  2-5a.  Broad  jump — Won  by  D.  B.  Ford,  Yale: 
E.  W.  Munsell,  Princeton,  second;  H.  E.  Frey, 
Princeton,  third.    Distance — 20  ft.  10  in. 

NEW    ENGLAND   INTERCOLLEGIATE   A.   A. 

MEET. 

Thirty-second  annual  meet  held   at  Cambridge, 

Mass.,  May  17-18.    Point  scores:    Mass.  Tech.  74, 

Brown  25,  Holy  Cross  and  Bowdoln  13  each,  Am- 


herst 8,  Williams  and  Wesleyan  6  each,  Boston  College 
5,  Tults  and  Mlddlebury  2  each. 

Summaries,  finals  only:  120-yard  hurdles — Won 
by  O.  A.  Mills,  Mass.  Tech.;  A.  Thompson,  Bowdoln, 
second;  M.  E.  Goodridge,  Mass.  Tech.,  third;  K.  E. 
Low,  Amherst,  fourth.  Time — 16  3-5s.  100-yard 
dash — Won  by  T.  W.  Bossert,  Mass.  Tech.;  R.  W. 
Mullane,  Brown,  second;  R.  J.  Keeler,  Wesleyan, 
third;  J.  B.  Ormon,  Mass.  Tech.,  fourth.  Time — 
10  1-5B.  One-mile  run — Won  by  James  B.  Goodwin, 
Bowdoln;  W.  A.  Herzog,  Mass.  Tech.,  second;  F. 
Jones,  Middlebury,  third;  H.  R.  Dorr,  Mass.  Tech., 
foiu'th.  Time — 4m.  33s.  440-yard  run — Won  by 
T.  H.  Alahoney,  jr..  Holy  Cross;  G.  Bawden,  Mass. 
Tech.,  second;  L.  C.  Wyman,  Bowdoln,  third;  P. 
Scott,  Mass.  Tech.,  fourth.  Time — 50  3-5s.  220- 
yard  dash — Won  by  R.  H.  Mullane,  Brown;  T.  W. 
Bossert,  Mass.  Tech.,  second;  A.  Saunders,  Tufts, 
third;  C.  A.  Newton,  Mass.  Tech.,  fourth.  Time — 
22  3-5s.  880-yard  run— Won  by  G.  G.  McCarten, 
Mass.  Tech.;  G.  Bawden,  Mass.  Tech.,  second;  G.  E. 
Westland,  Mass.  Tech.,  third;  E.  G.  Van  Hoesen, 
Williams,  fourth.  Time — 2m.  Two-mile  run — Won 
by  S.  F.  Halfacru,  Mags.  Tech.;  W.  K.  McApon, 
Mass.  Tech.,  second;  R.  C.  Stlmson,  Wesleyan, 
third;  J.  F.  McKenna,  Holy  Cross,  fourth.  Time— 
9m.  53  4-5S.  220-yard  low  hurdles — Won  by  O.  A. 
Mills,  Mass.  Tech.;  R.  W.  Besser,  Brown,  second; 
K.  B.  Low,  Amherst,  third;  M.  E.  Goodridge,  Mass. 
Tech.,  fourth.  Time — 26  4-5s.  Pole  vault — Won  by 
M.  F.  Sheldon,  Mass.  Tech.;  10  ft.  6  in.,  A.  S.  Thoren, 
Brown,  second;  K.  M.  Wooden,  Brown,  third;  A.  H. 
Fletcher,  Mass.  Tech.,  fourth.  Running  broad  jump 
— Won  by  A.  F.  Kelser,  WlUiams;  20  ft.  9  1-4  in., 
H.  C.  Peters,  Brown,  second;  I.  H.  Wilson,  Mass. 
Tech.,  third;  G.  L.  Relnacker,  Brown,  fourth.  Run- 
ning high  jump — Won  by  M.  Anderson,  Amherst, 
5  ft.  9  1-4  in.;  H.  Ash,  Mass.  Tech.,  second;  H.  C. 
Hierse,  Mass.  Tech.,  third;  L.  R.  Bliss,  Brown,  lourth. 
Sixteen-pound  shot  put — Won  by  T.  G.  Dignan. 
Holy  Cross,  39  ft.  4  1-2  in.;  J.  Sinclair,  Brown,  second; 
R.  M.  Anderson,  Wesleyan,  third;  J.  W.  Keller, 
Mass.  Tech.,  fourth.  SLxteen-paund  hammer  throw — 
Won  by  T.  McNamara,  Boston  College,  110  ft.  9  1-2 
in.;  F.  L.  Raymond,  Mass.  Tech.,  second;  J.  K. 
Donaghy,  Holy  Cross,  third;  N.  D.  Stewart,  Bow- 
doln, fourth.  Discus  throw — Won  by  C.  W.  Drew, 
Mass.  Tech.,  117  ft.  8  in.;  J.  W.  Keller,  Mass.  Tech., 
second;  N.  D.  Stewart,  Bowdoln,  third;  A.  T.  Hind- 
marsh,  Brown,  fourth. 

UNIVERSITY     OF     PENNSYLVANIA     RELAY 
CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Held  at  Franklin  Field.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  April 
26-27. 

Results,  championship  events  only:  South  Atlantic 
Intercollegiate  A.  A.  Championship,  one-mile  relay — 
Won  by  Johns  Hopkins;  second,  Georgetown;  third, 
Virginia  Military  Institution.  Time — 3m.  38  2-5s. 
Middle  Atlantic  States  Conference  A.  A.  Champion- 
ship, one-mile  realy — Won  by  Lafayette;  second, 
Swarthmore;  third,  Dickinson;  fourth.  New  York 
University.  Time — 3m.  36  4-5s.  Two-mile  College 
relay.  Championship  of  America — Won  by  Mass. 
Tech.  (Herzog,  Westlund,  Bowden,  McCarten); 
second,  Chicago  (Feursteln,  Green,  Spear,  McCosh); 
third,  Pennsylvania  (Brooks,  Staufter,  Zutter,  Clay- 
ton). Time  8m.  19  2-5s.  One-mile,  freshman, 
College  Relay  Championship  of  America — Won  by 
Pennsylvania  State  (Parent.  SchoUar,  Grimes,  Den- 
ning) ;  second,  Pennsylvania;  third,  Syracuse.  Time 
— 3m.  31  3-5s.  One-mile  Preparatory  School  Relay 
Championship  of  America — Won  by  Hill  School, 
Pottstown,  Pa.;  second,  Mercersburg,  Mercersburg, 
Pa.;  third,  Exeter,  Exeter,  N.  H.;  fourth,  St.  Bene- 
dict's, Newark,  N.  J.  Time — 3m.  Sis.  One-mile 
High  School  Relay  Championship  of  America — Won 
by  Baltimore  Poly  Institution;  second,  Washington 
(D.  C.)  Central;  third,  Newark  (N.  J.)  Central. 
Time — 3m.  35  3-5s.  One-mile  relay.  Army  and  Navy 
— Won  by  Camp  Dix  (Anderson,  Finch,  Kelley, 
Berry);  second,  Pelhara  Bay  Naval  Station;  third, 
Charleston,  S.  C,  Naval  Station.  Time — 3m.  31 
2-5s.  One-mile  College  Relay  Championship  of 
America — Won  by  Pittsburgh  (Speck,  Peters,  Al- 
brecht.  Shea);  second,  Missouri;  third,  Pennsylvania; 
fourth,  Pennsylvania  State.  Time — 3m.  29  l-5s. 
Four-mile  College  Relay  Championship  of  America 
— Won  by  Iowa  State  College  (Ried,  Cromer,  Stone, 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


485 


COLLEGE  ATHLETICS — Co7itinucd 


Hawthorne);    second,    Columbia;    tUird,    Pennsyl- 
vania; lourtU,  Lafayette.    Time — 18m.  53  4-5s. 

PENTATHLON  EVENTS. 

200-Metre  Race — Won  by  Bechtel,  Lafayette;  time, 
22  3-5s.;  second,  Haddock,  Kansas,  23  1-Ss.; 
third,  tie.  Shea,  Dartmouth,  and  Demming,  Pennsyl- 
vania State,  23  4-5s.;  fifth,  Bavtels,  Pennsylvania, 
24s.  Fowteen  starters.  Discus  throw — Won  by 
Bartels,  Pennsylvania,  113  ft.  10  1-4  in.;  second, 
Robeson,  Rutgers,  112  ft.  4  1-2  In.;  third.  Shea, 
Dartmouth,  102  ft.  3  1-2  in.;  fourth.  Chandler, 
Swarthmore,  101  ft.  8  3-4  in.;  fifth,  Hammond,  Univ. 
of  South,  96  ft.  7  1-2  in.;  sixth,  Emery,  Pennsylvania 
State,  96  ft.  1  1-2  in.  1500-metre  race — Won  by 
Bechtel,  Lafayette;  second.  Shea,  Dartmouth;  third, 
Hammond,  Univ.  of  South;  fourth,  Haddoclc,  Kan- 
sas; fifth,  Emery,  Pennsylvania  State;  sixth,  Bartels, 
Pennsyh'ania.  Time,  4m.  56  3-5s.  Throwing  jave- 
lin— Won  by  Bartels,  Pennsylvania,  142  ft.  3  In.; 
second.  Chandler,  Swarthmore,  139  ft.  11  in.;  third, 
Emery,  Pennsylvania  State,  139  ft.;  fourth,  Ham- 
mond, Univ.  of  South,  137  ft.  6  in.;  fifth,  Robeson, 
Rutgers;  sixth,  Wilthenn,  Rutgers;  seventh.  Shea, 
Dartmouth.  Fourteen  starters.  Broad  jump — 
Won  by  M.  B.  Haddoclt,  Kansas,  20  ft.  3  1-2  in.; 
second,  J.  Bartels,  Pennsylvania,  20  ft.  2  1-2  in.; 
third,  T.  Farrell,  Lafayette,  20  ft.  1-4  in.;  fourth. 
Shea,  Dartmouth,  20  ft.;  flftli,  Bechtel,  Lafayette, 
19  ft.  11  in.;  sixth,  Hammond,  Univ.  of  South,  19  ft. 
10  1-4  in.;  seventh,  GilfiUan,  Notre  Dame,  19  ft.  9  in. 
Fifteen  starters. 

Point  Score — Bartels,  15;  Shea,  19;  Haddock,  24; 
Hammond,  25;  Brechtel.  26;  Emery,  30. 

DUAL  AND  TRIANGULAR  MEETS. 

March  16 — Michigan  defeated  Chicago,  52  points 
to  20  (indoor),  at  Ann  Arbor.  Mich, 

April  14 — Stanford  defeated  California,  69  points 
to  53,  at  Stanford,  Cal. 

April  20 — Georgia  Tech.,  62  points,  Davidson,  32. 
Sewanee,  16,  Mississippi,  6,  at  Atlanta,  Ga. 

April  27 — Wisconsin  defeated  Rlpon  College,  95  1-2 
points  to  56  1-2,  at  Ripon,  Wis. 

May  1 — Lafayette  defeated  Stevens,  81  points  to 
31,  at  Easton,  Pa. 

May  4 — Navy  defeated  Lehigh,  98  1-3  points  to 
5  2-3,  at  Annapolis,  Md.  Illinois  defeated  Notre 
Dame,  69  2-3  points  to  56  1-3,  at  Champaign,  111. 
Princeton  defeated  Columbia,  66  1-2  points  to  41  1-2, 
at  Princeton,  N.  J.  Holy  Cross  defeated  Springfield 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  College,  77  points  to  49,  at  Springfield, 
Mass.  Indiana  defeated  Depauw,  85  to  65,  at 
Bloomington,  Ind.  Harvard  freshmen  defeated 
Andover  Academy,  60  to  48,  at  Andover,  Mass. 
Cornell  defeated  Massachusetts,  82  to  44,  at  Ithaca, 
N.  Y. 

May  8 — Swarthmore  defeated  Haverford,  68  to 
36,  at  Swarthmore,  Pa.  Holy  Cross  defeated  Tufts, 
79  to  47,  at  Worcester,  Mass.  Massachusetts  de- 
feated Harvard,   67   to  50,  at   Cambridge,   Mass. 


Lafayette  defeated  Muhlenberg,  79  to  33,  at  Easton, 
Pa. 

May  11 — Georgetown  defeated  Johns  Hopkins, 
102  to  85,  at  Baltimore,  Md.  Pittsburgh  defeated 
Navy,  73  1-3  to  43  2-3,  at  Annapolis,  Md.  Columbia 
defeated  Brown,  64  to  53,  at  Providence,  R.  1. 
Minnesota  defeated  Wisconsin,  72  to  71,  at  Minna* 
apolis,  Minn.  Dartmouth  won  the  Connecticut 
Valley  Intercollegiate  Meet  with  88  points;  Holy 
Cross  29;  Springfield  Y.  M.  C.  A.  College  6,  and 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic  3,  at  Springfield,  Mass. 
Georgetown  Univ.  won  the  South  Atlantic  track  and 
field  meet  with  102  points,  Johns  Hopkins  85,  at 
Baltimore,  Md.  Columbia  defeated  Brown,  64  to 
53,  at  Providence,  R.  I.  Wabash  defeated  Franklin, 
74  to  39,  at  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  Notre  Dame  de- 
feated Michigan  Agri.  College,  84  1-2  to  35  1-5,  at 
South  Bend,  Ind.  Stevens  defeated  New  York 
Univ.,  62  to  50,  at  New  York,  N.  Y.  Yale  freshmen 
defeated  Princeton  freshmen,  52  1-2  to  51  1-2,  at 
Princeton,  N.  J.  Williams  defeated  Union,  71  1-3 
to  45  2-3,  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  Lafayette  defeated 
Lehigh,  74  to  36,  at  Easton,  Pa.  Mercersburg  won 
the  Princeton  meet  with  48  5-6  points;  Hill  48  1-3; 
Bethlehem  Prep.  14  1-4;  Lawrencevllle  7  1-4;  St. 
Benedict's  7;  Blair  4  1-3;  Pedle  4;  AUentown  Prep. 
3;  at  Princeton,  N.  J.  Cornell  defeated  Pennsyl- 
vania freshmen,  75  to  42,  at  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Stevens  defeated  New  York  Univ.,  62  to  50,  at  New 
York,  'N.  Y.  Illinois  defeated  Chicago,  70  1-2  to 
64  1-2,  at  Champaign,  111. 

May  18 — Ohio  State  Univ.  won  the  Ohio  S.  A.  A. 
meet  with  45  points;  Ohio  Wesleyan  28;  Oberlin  27; 
Miami  24;  Cincinnati  15  1-2;  Denison  14  1-2;  Case 
11,  at  Columbus,  Ohio.  Phillips-Exeter  won  the 
Yale  Interscholastic  meet  with  46  1-2  points;  Hill 
42  1-2;  St.  Benedict's  11;  Hotchkiss  9,  at  New  Haven. 
Ct.  Navy  defeated  Pennsylvania,  68  to  48,  at 
Annapolis,  Md.  Michigan  defeated  Notre  Dame, 
86  1-2  to  48  1-2,  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.  Lafayette 
won  the  Middle  States  Intercollegiate  meet  with  45 
points;  Swarthmore  30  1-2;  Delaware  State  17; 
Rutgers  16;  Stevens  15;  New  York  Univ.  11. 

May  25 — Michigan  defeated  Chicago,  87  to  48, 
at  Chicago,  111.  Princeton  won  Freshmen  triangular 
meet  with  49  1-3  points;  Yale  41  2-3;  Hari'ard  13,  at 
New  Haven,  Ct.  Williams  and  Amherst  tied  in 
their  dual  track  meet  with  03  points  each,  at  Williams- 
town,  Mass.  Rochester  defeated  Hamilton,  60  to 
57  points,  at  Utica,  N.  Y.  Andover  Academy  won 
Harvard  Interscholastic  meet  with  39  points;  Wor- 
cester 38  1-2;  High  School  of  Commerce  19,  at  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.  Yale  freshmen  defeated  Harvard 
freshmen,  81  1-2  to  35  1-2,  at  New  Haven,  Ct. 
Union  defeated  Rensselaer,  71  to  55,  at  Troy,  N.  Y. 

May  30 — Phillips-Exeter  defeated  Phillips-Andover 
in  annual  dual  meet,  72  1-2  to  23  1-2,  at  Exeter,  N.  H. 

June  1 — Wisconsin  defeated  Chicago,  100  to  44, 
at  Madison,  Wis.  Rensselaer  defeated  Rochester, 
66  to  50,  at  Troy,  N.  Y. 


GOLF. 


JWar  activities  and  restrictions  curtailed  tourna- 
ment golf  play  throughout  the  country  in  1918. 
There  was  no  national  championship  play  and  few 
State  or  sectional  titular  tournaments.  Of  those 
played  the  results  in  the  more  important  events 
toUow: 

North  and  South  open  chamoionship,  Piuehurst, 
N.  C,  Walter  Hagen,  293;  Jim  Barnes,  295;  Emmet 
French,  295;  Fred  McLeod,  296.  North  and  South 
amateur  championship,  final  round,  I.  S.  Robeson 
defeated  R.  S.  Stranahan  1  up,  36  holes.  Women's 
North  and  South  championship,  final  round.  Mrs. 
D.  C.  Hurd  defeated  R.  H.  Barlow  5  and  3.  Florida 
West  Coast  open  championship,  Jock  Hutchinson, 
284;  J.  M.  Barnes,  286;  Fred  McLeod.  292.  Florida 
East  Coast  open  chamoionship,  J.  M.  Barnes,  299; 
Walter  Hagen.  300;  P.  J.  Doyle,  307.  South  Florida 
open  championship,  Jock  Hutchinson,  148;  Emmet 
French,  156;  Charles  Hoffner,  159.  Florida  amateur 
championship,  final  round,  L.  T.  Hopkins  defeated 
General  W.  N.  P.  Darrow  3  and  2;  women's  cham- 
pionship, final  round,  Ethel  Campbell  defeated  Mrs. 
C.  J.  Felber  2  and  1.  Southern  California  open 
championship,  Mike  Brady,  299,  John  Black,  301. 
Women's    Western     championship,      final     round. 


Elaine  Rosenthal  defeated  Frances  Hadfield  4  and  3. 
Women's  Metropolitan  (New  York  and  vicinity) 
championship,  final  round,  Mrs.  T.  Hucknall  de- 
feated Mrs.  S.  A.  Herzog  6  and  4.  Trans-Mississ- 
ippi championship  at  Kansas  City,  final  round, 
G.  L.  Conley  defeated  Frank  Griggs  6  and  4.  Rhode 
Island  State  championship,  at  Providence,  final 
round,  Danny  Fairchild  defeated  Jesse  Linton 
9  and  8.  Connecticut  State  championship.  New 
Haven,  Conn.,  final  round,  H.  S.  White  defeated 
R.  D.  Sariford  1  up.  Minnesota  State  champion- 
ship, St.  Paul,  final  round,  R.  G.  Hopwood  defeated 
F.  E.  Mahler  2  and  1.  Senior  Golf  Association 
championship,  Apawamis  course,  won  by  W.  E. 
Truesdell.  172;  second,  Edward  Hasse,  173. 

A  feature  of  the  American  golf  season  was  an 
international  match  for  seniors  between  picked 
teams  of  United  States  and  Canadian  senior  golfers 
played  at  Montreal,  Canada.  The  Canadian  team 
won  23  poihts  to  19.  The  result  of  the  maich  by 
points  foUows:  _         .       , 

American— W.  E.  TruesdeU,  0;  C.  J.  Waldo,  1; 
J.  A.  Tyng,  2,  D.  P.  Kiugsley,  3;  W.  Clark,  3;  Frank 
Presbrey,  0;  J.  H.  Ottlev,  2;  G.  Wright,  0;  Justice 
Pitney,  0;  M.  W.  Herbert,  0;  G.  P.  Fiskc,  0;  J.  A. 
Fljmn,  2;  Dr.  C.  Macdonald,  0;  Dr.  S.  Elmendorf, 


486 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


GOLF — Continued. 


0;  T.  J.  Wessels,  2;  L.  H.  Folsoro,  3:  AV.  H.  Canter- 
bury, 0;   O.  Hochmeyer,   1.     Total,   19. 

Canadian— G.  S.  Lyon,  3;  G.  T.  Browii,  2;  P.  D. 
Ross,  1:  Hod.  M.  BurreU,  0;  J.  E.  Caldwell,  0;  E.  A. 
Bernard,  3;  W.  R.  Smyth,  1;  A.  A.  Wilson,  2;  D.  R.  F. 
Ruttan,  0;  J.  W.  McGregor,  1;  C.  C.  Holland,  3; 
G.  E.  Moberly,  0;  W.  N.  Machan,  3;  R.  M.  Greene, 
3;  T.  A.  Rolphe,  0;  F.  Reid,  0;  Col.  J.  B.  Miller,  1; 
Dr.  Rons,  0.     Total,  "23. 

College  Golf — Team  matches — Columbia  defeated 
Pennsylvania,  10  to  6  and  13  to  4  in  home  and  home 
matches.  Georgia  Tech  defeated  Yale  17  to  0  at 
New  Haven,  and  Columbia,  15  to  0,  at  Englewood, 
N.  J.  Columbia  defeated  Williams  12  to  5  at 
Garden  City,  and  Princeton  4  matches  to  2  at  Prince- 
ton. Harvard  defeated  Dartmouth  4  matches  to  1 
at  Cambridge.  Princeton  defeated  Pennsylvania 
11  to  6  at  Philadelphia. 

PREVIOUS    NATIONAL   CHAMPIONSHIP 
WINNERS. 

United  States  Open  Championship,  1916,  at 
Minikanda  Club,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Final  round, 
June  30.  Won  by  Charles  G.  Evans,  Jr.,  amateur, 
286;  J.  Hutchinson,  288,  second;  J.  M.  Barnes, 
290,  third.  1915,  at  Short  Hills,  N.  J.,  won  by 
Jerome  Travers,  amateur,  297;  second,  T.  L.  Mo- 
Namara,  professional,  298;  third,  R.  G.  McDonald, 
300.  1914,  at  Midlothian,  Chicago,  111.,  won  by 
W.  C.  Hagen,  score  290;  Charles  Evans,  Jr;,  291, 
second;  George  Sargent,  third.  1913,  at  Brookline, 
Mass.,  won  by  Francis  Ouiraet,  72,  with  Harry 
Vardon,  77,  second,  and  Edward  Ray,  78,  third, 
after  a  triple  tie  in  final  round  of  304.  1912,  at 
Buffalo,  N.  Y..  won  by  Jack  McDermott.  294, 
with  Tom  McNamara,  29G,  second,  and  Alex!  Smith 
and  M.  J.  Brady  tied  at  299  for  third.  1911,  at 
Wheaton,  111.,  after  a  triple  tie  between  J.  J.  Mc- 
Dermott, M.  J.  Brady  and  George  O.  Simpson 
at  307,  J.  J.  McDermott  won  in  the  playoll,  with 
Brady  second  and  Simpson  third.  1910,  at  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  Alex.  Smith,  298.  1909,  at  Englewood, 
N.  J.,  George  Sargent,  290.  1908,  at  Myopia,  Fred 
McLeod,  322.  19,07,  at  Philadelphia  Cricket  Club, 
Alexander  Ross,  302.  1906,  at  Onwentsia,  Alex. 
Smith,  295.  1905,  at  Myopia,  W.  Anderson,  314. 
1904,  at  Glen  View,  W.  Anderson,  303.  1903,  at 
Baltusrol,  W.  Anderson.  307.    1902,  at  Garden  City, 


L.  AuohterloBle,  3C7.  1901,  at  Myopia,  W.  Anderson, 
331.     1900,  at  Chicago,     Harry  Vardon,  313. 

United  States  Amateur,  1916,  at  Merion  Club, 
Philadelphia.  Charles  G.  Evans,  Jr.,  Chicago, 
defeated  Robert  A.  Gardner,  Chicago,  4  up  and 
3  to  play.  1915,.at  Detroit,  Mich.,  Robert  A.  Gardner, 
Chicago,  defeated  John  G.  Anderson,  Mount  Vernon, 
N.  Y.,  5  up  and  4  to  play.  1914,  at  Manchester, Vt., 
Francis  Oulmet  defeated  Jerome  D.  Travers,  6  up  and 
5  to  play.  1913,  at  Garden  City,  L.  I.,  J.  D. 
Travers  defeated  J.  G.  Anderson,  5  up  and  4  to 
play.  1912,  at  Wheaton,  111.,  J.  Travers  defeated 
Charles  Evans,  Jr.,  7  up  and  6  to  play.  1911,  at  Rye, 
N.  Y.,  H.  H.  Hilton,  amateur  champion  of  England, 
defeated  F.  Herreshoff.  1  up  In  37  holes.  1910,  at 
Brookline,  Mass.,  AV.  C.  Fownes,  Jr.,  defeated  W.  K. 
Wood,  4  up  and  3  to  play.  1909,  at  Wheaton.  111., 
R.  A.  Gardner  beat  H.  Chandler  Egan,  4  up  and  2  to 
play.  1908,  at  Garden  City,  J.  D.  Travers  beat  Max 
Behr,  8  up  and  7  to  play.  1907,  at  Euclid,  J.  D.  Trav- 
ers beat  A.  Graham,  6  up  and  5  to  play.  1906,  E.  M. 
Byers  beat  G.  S.  Lyon,  2  up.  1905,  at  Wheaton,  111.. 
H.  Chandler  Egan  beat  D.  E.  Sawyer,  6  up  and  6  to 
play.  1904,  H.  Chandler  Egan;  1903,  W.  J.  Travis; 
1902,  L.  N.  James;  1901  and  1900,  W.  J.  Travis. 

United  States  Ladies'  Champiooship,  1916,  at 
Waverly,  Mass.  Miss  Alexia  Sterling,  Atlanta. 
Ga.,  defeated  Miss  Mildred  Caverly,  Philadelphia. 
Pa.,  2  up  and  1  to  play.  1915,  at  Lake  Forest,  111. 
Mrs.  Clarence  H.  Vanderbeck,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  de- 
feated Mrs.  W.  A.  Gavin,  England,  by  3  up  and  2  to 
play.  1914,  at  Glen  Cove,  N.  Y.,  Mrs.  H.  Jackson, 
Boston,  defeated  Miss  E.  V.  Rosenthal,  Chicago, 
1  up.  1913,  played  at  Wilmington,  Del..  October  18. 
Miss  G.  Ravenscroft  of  England  defeated  Miss  M. 
HoUins,  2  up.  1912,  played  at  Essex  Country  Club, 
Manchester,  Mass.,  Miss  M.  Curtis  defeated  Mrs. 
R.  H.  Barlow,  3  up  and  2  to  play.  1911,  at  West- 
chester County,  N.  Y.,  Miss  M.  Curtis.  1910,  at 
Chicago,  111.,  Miss  Dorothy  Campbell,  Hamilton, 
Ont.  1909.  at  Piiiladelphla,  Miss  Dorothy  Campbell, 
1908,  at  Washington.  Miss  Kate  C.  Harley.  1907.  at 
Midlothian,  Miss  Margaret  Curtis.  1906,  at  Brae 
Burn,  Miss  Harriet  Curtis.  1905,  at  Morris  County. 
Miss  Pauline  Mackay.  1904,  at  Merion  C.  C,  Miss 
G.  Bishop.  1903,  at  Wheaton,  III.,  Miss  B.  Anthony. 
1902-01,  at  Brookline  and  Baltusrol,  Miss  G.  Hecker. 
1900,  at  Shinnecock.  Miss  F.  C.  Griscom. 


UNITED    STATES    I.NTERSCHOLASTIC    TRACK    AND    FIELD    RECORDS. 


50-yard  run — 5  3-5s.,  E.  C.  Jessup,  St.  Louis,  Mo.. 
July  4,  1904. 

60-yard  run — 6  2-5s.,  S.  Butler.  Hutchinson  (Kan.) 
High  School.  Evanston,  111.,  March  28,  1914. 

100-yard  run — 9  4-5s.,  Ernest  E.  Nelson,  Volk- 
mann  School,  Cambridge,  May  2,  1908;  Charles 
Hoyt.  Greenfield  High  School,  Chicago,  111.,  June  7, 
1913;  W.  J.  Carter,  Chicago  University  High,  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.,  March  23,  1914;  Evan  Pearson,  North 
Central  High  School,  Spokane,  Wash.,  May  20,  1916. 

220-yard  run — 21  2-5s.,  W.  J.  Carter,  Jr.,  Chicago 
University  High,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  May  23,  1914. 

400-yard  run — 42  3-5s.,  Frank  Sloman,  Polytechnic 
High  School,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  October  16,  1915. 

440-yard  run  (around  turn) — 48  4-5s.,  James  E. 
Meredith,  Mercersburg  Academy.  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
May  18,  1912;  48  l-5s.  (straightaway),  Frank  Slo- 
man, Polytechnic  High  School,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
October   16,   1915. 

880-yard  run — Im.  55s.,  James  E.  Meredith,  Mer- 
cersburg Academy,  Princeton,  N.  J.,  May  4,  1912. 

One-mile  run — 4  m.  23  3-5s.,  Ed.  Shields,  Mercers- 
burg Academy,  Port  Deposit,  Md.,  Xvlay  20,  1916. 

Two-mile  run — 9m.  51  3-5s.,  C.  Bough  ton.  New- 
ark Central  H.  S.,  Princeton,  N.  J..  May  23.  1914. 

120-yard  hurdle — 15  2-5s..  H.  Whitted.  Citrus 
Union  School,  Chicago,  III.,  June  8,  1912;  H.  Whitted. 
Citrus  Union  School,  Stanford,  Cal..  April  13,  1912 

220-yard  hurdle— 24  2-5s.,  C.  Cory,  Chicago  Uni- 
versity High  School,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  May  23  and 
24,  1913;  Frank  Loomis,  Oregon  High  School.  Minne- 
apolis, Minn..  May  27,  1916. 

Running  high  jump — 6ft.  3  5-8in.,  W.  M.  Oler. 
Pawlins  School,  Cambridge,  Mass  .  May  25,  1912 

Running  broad  jump— 23ft.  7  l-5in.,  P.  G.  Stiles, 


Culver  Military  Academy,  Chicago.  111.,  May  12. 
1913. 

Pole  vault — 12ft.  81ii.,  S.  Landers,  Oretton  High 
School,   Minneapolis,   Minn..   May  27,    1916. 

Pole  vault,  indoor — 12ft.  lin.,  Eugene  SOiobinger. 
Harvard  School,  Chicago,  111.,  February  18,  1911. 

Putting  8-lb.  shot,  indoor — 59ft.  3-8in.,  George 
Bronder,  Poly  Prep,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y..  January  16. 
1915. 

Putting  12-lb.  shot — 55ft.  9in.,  A.  M.  Mucks. 
Oshkosh  High  School,  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  January  19, 
1912. 

Putting  the  16-lb.  .shot — 45ft.  6  l-41n.,  Ralph  Rose, 
San  Francisco.  May  2,  1903.  , 

Thi'owing  12-lb.  hammer — 197ft.  l-21n.,  L.  J. 
Talbott,  Washington,  Pa.,  May  25,  1907. 

Throwing  discus — 139ft.  5  l-2in..  B.  L.  Byrd, 
Champaign,  111.,  May  21,  1910. 

Throwing  junior  discus  (7ft.  circle) — 155ft.  4in.. 
R.  G.  Walker,  Passaic  High  School,  Ohio  Field,  New 
York  City,  April  18,  1914. 

Throwing  junior  discus  (8ft.  2  l-2in.  circle) — 
158ft.  2  3-4in..  R.  G.  Walker,  Passaic  High  School. 
Castle  Point,  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  May  1,  1915. 

One-quarter  mile  relay— 46  4-5s.,  University  High 
School,  Chicago,  111.,  June  11.  1910. 

One-half  mile  relay — Im.  32  2-5s.,  Lewis  In.stitute. 
at  Northwestern  University,  May  23.  1903. 

One-mile  relay— 3m.  27  l-5s.,  Los  Angeles  High 
School  relay  team,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  1910. 

Pole  vaailt  record  for  boys  under  ten  years — 5ft. 
10  l-2in.,  Robert  E.  Graves,  eight  years  four  months 
old,  Marshfield.  Oregon,  July  3,  1912. 

Throwing  javelin — 184ft.  9  l-2In.,  H.  B.  Liver- 
sedge,  Stanford,  Cal.,  AprU  11,  1914. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


487 


BOXINC. 

PROFESSIONAL. 
LXcK  of  space  precludes  the  recording  of  bouts  other  than  those  between  pugilists  of  prominence, 
Abbreviations;    K.  O.,  knockout;  D.,  draw;  R.  D..  referee's  decision;  P.  V.,  popular  verdict;  F.,  fouL 

January  1 — Joe  Lynch  K.  O.  Andy  Burns,  three 
rounds.  New  York  City.  Hartley  Madden  K.  O. 
Tommy  McCarthy,  five  roimds,  Plttsfleld,  Mass. 
Jack   Britton  defeated   Jimmy   Duffy,   ten   rounds. 


P.  v.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Tommy  Tiiohey  defeated 
Tommy  Elm,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  New  York  City. 
Shamus  O'Brien  defeated  Joe  Hyland,  ten  rounds, 
P.  v..  New  York  City.  Frankie  Callahan  defeated 
Eddie  VVagond,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Johnny  GriflBth  vs.  Bryan  Downey,  D.,  twelve  rounds. 
Akron,  Ohio. 

January  7 — "Baltimore"  Dundee  K.  O.  Joe 
Thomas,  eleven  rounds,  Baltimore,  Md.  Lew  Tendler 
defeated  Willie  Jackson,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

January  9 — Charley  Weinert  defeated  Gunboat 
Smith,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Providence,  R.   I. 

January  10 — Fred  Fulton  K.  O.  Henry  "Texas" 
Tate,  two  rounds,  Joplin,  Mo. 

January  14 — Harry  Greb  K.  O.  Battling  Kopin, 
one  round,  Charlerol,  Pa.  Johnny  Dundee  defeated 
Pal  Moran,  twenty  rounds,  R.  D.,  New  Orleans,  La. 
Patsy  Cline  vs.  Johnny  Tillman,  D.,  six  rounds, 
Pldladelphia.  Pa.  Ted  Lewis  vs.  Soldier  Bartfleld. 
D.,  twelve  roimds,  Columbus,  Ohio 

January  15 — Battling  Lcvinsky  vs.  Bill  Brennan, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

January  16 — Jack  Britton  defeated  Tommy  Rob- 
son,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Providence,  R.   I. 

January  18 — Joe  Welling  defeated  Shamus  O'Brien, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  New  York  City.  Fred  Fulton 
vs.   Billy   Miske,  D.,   ten   rounds,   St.   Paul,    Minn. 

January  21- — Harry  Greb  defeated  Angle  Ratner, 
twenty  rounds,  R.  D.,  New  Orleans,  La.  Lew 
Tendler  defeated  Frankie  Callahan,  six  rounds, 
P.  v..  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

January  23 — Ted  Lewis  defeated  Soldier  Bart- 
fleld, ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Toronto,  Can. 

January  25 — George  Chip  defeated  Jack  Dillon, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Duluth,  Minn.  Jack  Dempsey 
K.  O.  Homer  Smith,  one  round,  Racine,  Wis.  Jack 
Wolfe  defeated  Johnny  Ertle,  ten  rounds,  P.  V., 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

January  28 — Frankie  Burns  K.  O.  Dutch  Brandt, 
ten  rounds.  New  Orleans,  La.  Joe  Lynch  K.  O. 
Kid  Williams,  four  rounds,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Ser- 
geant Pat  O  Keefe  K.  O.  Bandsman  Blake,  two 
rounds,  London,  Eng.  Charlie  Weinert  defeated 
Tom  Cowler,  two  rounds,  F.,  Boston,  Mass. 

January  30— Harry  Greb  defeated  Zulu  Kid, 
thirteen  rounds,  R.  D.,  Bridgeport,  Ct.  George 
Chaney  defeated  Packey  Hommey,  nine  rounds, 
stopped,  Baltimore,  Md. 

February  2 — John  L.  Sullivan,  former  heavyweight 
champion  of  America,  died  at  Boston,  Mass. 

February  4 — Jack  Dempsey  defeated  Carl  Morris, 
six  rounds,  F.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Ted  Lewis  defeated 
Johnny  Tillman,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  Tommy  Robson  defeated  Walter  Mohr,  twelve 
rounds,  R.  D.,  Chelsea,  Mass. 

February  5 — Johnny  Ertle  defeated  Arthur 
Simons,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  New  Orleans,  La.  Tom 
Gibbons  defeated  George  Chip,  ten  rounds,  P.  V., 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

February  7 — Joe  Eagan  defeated  Bryan  Downey, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

February  11 — Jack  Britton  defeated  Marty  Cross, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Providence,  R.  I.  Patsy 
Cllne  vs.  Johnny  Dundee,  D.,  twenty  rounds.  R.  D., 
New  Orleans,  La.  Fred  Fulton  K.  O.  Tom  McMahon, 
four  rounds,  Denver,  Col.  Lew  Tendler  K.  O. 
Tommy  Tuohey,  four  rounds,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Tommy  Gibbons  defeated  Clay  Turner,  ten  rounds. 
P.  v.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

February  12 — Jabez  White  defeated  Pal  Moore. 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

February  14 — Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Jim  Flynn. 
one  round,  Chicago,  111. 

February  15 — Frank  Moran  K.  O.  Sergeant  Jones, 
two  rounds,  Greenville,  S.  C. 

February  17 — Harry  Wills  K.  O.  Sam  McVey, 
six  rounds,  Panama. 

February  18 — Pal  Moore  defeated  Jack  Sharkey, 
ten  rounds,  R.  D.,  Baltimore,  Md.  Ted  Lewis 
K.   O.   Jimmy   Duffy,   one  round,   Toledo,   Ohio. 


February  18— Harry  Greb  defeated  Bob  Moha, 
ten  rounds,  R.  D.,  ClncUinall,  Ohio.  George  Chaney 
defeated  Eddie  Wallace,  ten  rounds,  R.  D.,  Balti- 
more, Md.  Willie  Jackson  vs.  Rocky  Kansas,  ten 
rounds,  D.,  P.  V.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

February  25 — Mike  O'Dowd  defeated  Harry  Greb. 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  St.  Paul,  Minn.  Fred  Fulton  de- 
feated Frank  Moran,  three  rounds,  stopped,  New 
Orleans,  La.  Ted  Lewis  defeated  Soldier  Birtfleld, 
six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Jack  Dempsey 
K.  O.  Bill  Brennan,  six  rounds,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Kid  Williams  defeated  Joe  Leopold,  ten  rounds, 
R.  D.,  Denver.  Col. 

February  26 — Ted  Lewis  defeated  Willie  Lang- 
ford,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Joe  Welling 
K.  O.  Eddie  Dorsey,  eight  rounds,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

March  1 — Fred  Fulton  K.  O.  Jim  Harper,  two 
rounds,  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

March  4 — Harry  Greb  defeated  Jack  Dillon, 
twelve  rounds.  P.  V.,  Toledo,  Ohio.  Lew  Tendler 
defeated  Pete  Hartley,  four  rounds,  stopped,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  Joseph  Lynch  defeated  Eddie  Wimler, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Frank  Nelson 
defeated  Pal  Moran,  fifteen  rounds,  R.  D.,  New 
Orleans,  La. 

March  7 — Tommy  Gibbons  defeated  George  Chip, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  St.  Paul  Minn.  Jack  Wolfe 
defeated  Willie  Devore,  ten  roimds,  P.  V.,  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  Jack  Malone  K.  O.  Eddie  Moha,  ten  rounds. 
Milwaukee,  Wis.  George  Chaney  defeated  Benny 
Volger,  fifteen  rounds,  R.  D.,  Baltimore,  Md.  Ted 
Lewis  defeated  Jack  Britton,  ten  rounds,  R.  D., 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

March  8 — Hugh  Walker  defeated  Gunboat  Smith, 
twelve  rounds,  P.  V.,  Joplin.  Mo.  Tom  Gibbons 
defeated  George  Chip,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Scrauton, 
Pa. 

March  9 — Ted  Lewis  defeated  Kid  Paris,  eight 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  Johnny  Dundee 
defeated  George  Chaney,  six  rounds,  P.  v.,  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

March  11 — Fred  Fulton  K.  O.  Tom  Cowler,  five 
rounds,  St.  Louis.  Mo.  Frankie  Burns  vs.  Al. 
Shubert,  D.,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  Frankie  Callahan 
defeated  Young  Terry  McGovern,  six  rounds,  P.  V., 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Jack  Thompson  K.  O.  Cleve 
Hawkins,  three  rounds,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

March  12 — Johnny  Dundee  defeated  Harry 
Carlson,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

March  13 — Tommy  Gibbons  K.  O.  Silent  Martin, 
ten  rounds,  Baltimore,  Md. 

March  15 — Paul  Bloom  defeated  John  Martin, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D..  New  Haven,  Ct. 

March  17 — Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Jack  Smith,  one 
round,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

March  18 — Harry  Greb  defeated  Willie  Langford, 
six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Buffalo.  N.  Y. 

March  19 — Matt  Brock  defeated  Willie  Jackson, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V..  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

March  21 — Jack  Britton  K.  O.  Vic  Moran,  six 
rounds,  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  Pal  Moore  vs.  Roy 
Moore,  D.,  ten  rounds,  Peoria,  111. 

March  22 — Lew  Tendler  defeated  Frankie  Nelson, 
four  rounds,  stopped,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Tommy 
Gibbons  defeated  Gus  Christie,  twelve  rounds, 
P.  v.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  Jack  Dillon  vs.  BUI 
Scott,  D.,  ten  rounds,  Muncie,  Ind. 

March  25 — Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Tom  Riley,  one 
round,  Joplin.  Mo.  Johnny  Dundee-  vs.  Willie 
Jackson.  D.,  fifteen  rounds.  New  Haven,  Ct. 

March  26 — Tommy  Robson  defeated  Augie  Ratner, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Bo.ston,  Mass. 

April  1 — George  Chaney  defeated  Johnny  Ray, 
six  rounds.  P.  V..  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Kid  Williams 
defeated  Jack  Sharkey,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D., 
Baltimore,  Md.  ,      ,  „   „ 

April  2 — Frankie  Britt  defeated  Jimmy  Duffy, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D..  Boston,  Mass. 

April  3 — Lew  Tendler  defeated  Patsy  Cllne,  .six 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Charley  Mitchell, 
famous  British  heavyweight,  died  at  Hove,  Eng., 
at  the  age  of  ,'>7.  „  „  ,.      ... 

April  4^Richie  Mitchell  K.  O.  Clonle  Talt,  eight 
rounds.  Milwaukee.  Wis. 


488 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


BOXINGS — Continued. 


April  8 — Benny  Leonard  defeated  Joe  Borrell- 
six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Patsy  Cllne 
defeated  Phil  Bloom,  seven  rounds,  disqualified, 
Boston,  Mass.  Billy  Mislie  defeated  Tom  Cowler, 
seven  rounds,  stopped,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  Eddie 
McGoorty  K.  O.  Frankie  Brennan,  two  rounds, 
Racine,  Wis.  Tommy  Gibbons  defeated  Clay 
Turner,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

April  lOr— Patsy  Cline  defeated  Rocky  Jiansas, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  Billy  Devore 
defeated  Packy  Hommey,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D., 
Providence,  R.  I.  Bryan  Downey  defeated  Tommy 
Robson,  twelve  rounds   P.  V.,  Boston,  Mass. 

April  12 — Hugh  Walker  vs.  Eddie  McGoorty,  D., 
twelve  rounds,  Joplin,  Mo.  Kid  Herman  defeated 
Zulu  Kid,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Peoria,  111. 

April  13— Benny  Leonard  defeated  Jack  Brazzo, 
four  rounds,  stopped,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

April  16 — Joe  Jeannette  defeated  Jack  Thompson, 
six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Harry  Wills 
K.  O.  Sam  Langford,  six  rounds,  Panama. 

April  16 — Ted  Lewis  defeated  Joe  Eagan,  ten 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Soldier  Bartfleld 
defeated  Jack  McCarron,  ten  rounds,  P.  V..  Toledo, 
Ohio.  Kid  Norfolk  defeated  Porky  Flynn,  twelve 
rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

April  20 — Lew  Tendler  defeated  Terry  Brooks, 
six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelpiiia,  Pa. 

AprU  23— Lew  Tendler  K.  O.  Frankie  Britt,  three 
rounds,  Boston,  Mass. 

April  24 — Clay  Turner  defeated  George  Chip, 
fifteen  rounds,  F.,  Bridgeport,  Ct. 

April  29 — Lew  Tendler  defeated  Willie  Jackson, 
fifteen  rounds,  P.  V.,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

AprU  30 — Ray  Moore  vs.  Kid  Herman,  D.,  ten 
roimtls,  Peoria,  111.  Joe  Burman  defeated  Mike 
Ertle,  ten  rounds    P.  V.,  Milwaukee.  Wis. 

May  1 — Joe  Burman  defeated  Mike  Ertle,  ten 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  Marty  Cross  de- 
feated Joe  Eagan,  twelve  rounds,  P.  V.,  Columbus, 
Ohio. 

May  2 — Jack  Britton  vs.  Ted  Lewis,  ten  rounds, 
D.,  P.  v.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

May  3 — Tommy  Gibbons  defeated  George  Chip, 
twelve,  rounds,  P.  V.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  Billy 
Miskc  vs.  Jack  Dempsey,  ten  rounds,  D.,  P.  V., 
St.  Paul,  Minn. 

May  4 — Tom  Gibbons  defeated  George  Chip, 
twelve  rounds,  P.  V.,  Des  Moines,  Iowa.  Jeff  Smith 
defeated  George  Robinson,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D., 
Boston,  Mass. 

May  6 — Pal  Moore  defeated  Eddie  Wlmler,  ten 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Baltimore,  Md.  Joe  Burman  K.  O. 
Yoimg  Mendo,  nine  rounds,  Baltimore,  Md.  Frankie 
Callahan  defeated  Geo.  Chaney,  six  rounds,  P.  V., 
Philadelphia.  Pa. 

May  8 — George  Chaney  defeated  Pete  Herman, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

May  10 — Dick  Loadman  K.  O.  Johnny  Ertle, 
three  rounds,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

May  11 — Benny  Leonard  defeated  Jolmny  Mc- 
Carthy, four  rounds,  R.  D.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

May  13 — Lew  Tendler  defeated  Phil  Bloom,  six 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

May  14— Kid  Norfolk  K.  O.  George  Ashe,  three 
rounds,  Boston,  Mass.  Harry  Greb  defeated  Al 
McCoy,  ten  rounds,  R.  D.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

May  16 — Jack  Britton  defeated  Tommy  Ferguson, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Scranton,  Pa.  Dick  Loadman 
defeated  Willie  Devere,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Toledo, 
Ohio.  Frankie  Conifrey  defeated  Charlie  Bergen, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Bridgeport,  Ct.  Harry  Greb 
defeated  Clay  Turner,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Bridgeport, 
Ct. 

May  17 — Ted  Lewis  defeated  Johnny  Tillman, 
twenty  rounds,  R.  D.,  Denver,  Col. 

May  19 — Harry  Wills  K.  O.  Sam  Langford,  seven 
rounds.  Panama.  Harry  Greb  defeated  Soldier 
BartMd,  ten  rounds.  P.  V.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

May  25 — Irish  Patsy  Cllne  defeated  Harvey 
Thorpe,  twelve  rounds,  P.  V.,  Joplin,  Mo. 

May  27 — Johnny  Dundee  defeated  Eddie  Morgan, 
Bis  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

May  28 — Gunboat  Smith  defeated  Leo  Houck, 
six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Lancaster,  Pa.  Battling  Levlnsky 
vs.  Bartley  Madden,  fifteen  rounds.  P.i  P.  V., 
Bridgeport,  Ct.  _ 

May  29— Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Artbut  Petty,  one 
round,  Denver,  Col. 


May  31 — Benny  Valgar  defeated  Alvle  Miller, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
I  June  1 — Kid  Wtiliams  defeated  Geo.  Chaney, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Baltimore,  Md.  Billy  Miske 
K.  O.  Henry  Henrlcks,  two  rounds,  R.  D.,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

June  3 — Johnnj  Dundee  defeated  Billy  DeFoe, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D     New  Haven,  Ct. 

June  4 — Clay  Turnf  K.  O.  Geo.  Tlobinson,  nine 
rounds,  Pittsfleld,  Mass.  Benny  Leonard  defeated 
Barney  Adair,  four  rounds,  P.  V.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Battling  Levlnsky  defeated  Jim  CoHey,  six  rounds. 
P.  v.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

June  8 — Billy  Miske  vs.  Willie  Meehan,  four 
rounds,  D.,  R.  D.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

June  12 — Jack  Britton  defeated  Bryan  Downey, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

June  14 — Battling  Kopln  defeated  Walter  Mohr. 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

June  17 — Battling  Levlnsky  defeated  Charley 
Weinert,  eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

June  18 — Johnny  Dundee  vs.  Frankie  Britt, 
twelve  rounds,  D.,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

June  20 — War  Charity  Exliibltion  Bouts:  Harry 
Greb  defeated  Zulu  Kid,  six  rounds.  Frankie  Burns 
vs.  Jack  Sliarkey,  six  rounds,  D.  Ted  Lewis  vs. 
Jack  Britton,  six  rounds,  D.  Fred  Fulton  defeated 
Oscar  Anderson,  three  rounds  and  Joe  Bonds,  three 
rounds.  Joe  Welling  stopped  Kid  Meyei^,  one 
round.  Mike  McTigue  vs.  Frank  Carbone,  six 
rounds,  P.  V.,  New  York  Cil.v. 

June  23— Marty  CrofiiS  vs.  Bryan  Downer,  fifteen 
rounds,  D.,  R.  D.,  Dayton,  Ohio.  Soldier  Bartfield 
vs.  Frank  Carbone,  four  rounds,  D.,  P.  V.,  New 
Haven,  Ct.  Patsy  Cline  stopped  Knockout  Fitz- 
gerald, three  rounds,  P.   V.,   New  Haven,  Ct. 

June  24 — Mickey  Donley  defeated  Johnny  Dundee, 
eight  rounds,  P.  v.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

June  25 — Ted  Lewis  defeated  Tommy  Robson, 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass.  Benny  Leonard 
defeated  Jack  Britton,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  PliUa- 
delphia.  Pa.  Harry  Greb  defeated  Frank  Carbone, 
fifteen  rounds,  K.  D.,  Bridgeport,  Ct.  Clay  Turner 
defeated  Clave  Hawkins,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Pitta- 
field,  Ma83. 

June  28— Eddie  McGoorty  defeated  Geo.  Chip, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Racine,  Wis. 

July  1 — Bartley  Madden  defeated  Bill  Brennan, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

July  2 — Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Jack  McCarty,  one 
round,  Tulsa,  Okla. 

July  3 — Frankie  Bums  defeated  Pete  Herman, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

July  4 — Benny  I.eonard  K.  O.  Jack  Brazzo, 
eight  rounds,  Wildwood,  N.  J.  Jack  Dempsey  K.  O. 
Bob  Devere,  one  round,  Joplin,  Mo.  Ted  Lewis 
defeated  Johnny  Griffith,  twenty  rounds,  P.  V., 
Akron,  Ohio.  Harry  Greb  defeated  Bob  Molia,  ten 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Rock  Island,  111.  Jack  Dillon  de- 
feated Al  McCoy,  ton  rounds,  P.  V.,  Charle.stown, 
W.  Va.  Bartley  Madden  defeated  Clay  Tm'iier,  ten 
rounds,  P.  V.,  Scranton,  Pa. 

July  6 — Lew  Tendler  defeated  Frankie  Callahan, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.  Jack 
Dempsey  K.  O.  Dan  Flynn,  one  round,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

July  8 — Eddie  McGoorty  defeated  Hugh  Walker, 
ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

July  12 — Jack  Britton  defeated  K.  O.  Loughlin, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.  BiUy 
Miske  defeated  Gunboat  Smith,  eight  rounds,  P.  v., 
Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

July  15 — Billy  Miske  defeated  Bartley  Madden, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

July  22 — Benny  Leonard  K.  O.  Young  GradweU, 
four  rounds,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

July  25 — Benny  Leonard  IC.  O.  Johnny  Kllbane, 
three  rounds,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

July  27 — Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Fred  Fulton,  one 
round,  Jersey  City,  N.  J  Harry  Greb  defeated 
Eddie  McGoorty,  ten  rounds.  R    D.,  Chicago,  111. 

July  29 — Frankie  Burns  defeated  Jabez  White, 
eight  rounds,  P.  v.,  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.  Jack 
Britton  K.  O.  Willie  Ryan,  four  rounds,  Jersey  City, 
N.  J. 

August  2 — Frankie  Burns  vs.  Pal  Moore,  D., 
eight  rounds,  P.  V  ,  Jersey  City.  N.  J. 

August  6 — Jack  Britton  vs  Soldier  Bartfleld,  D.. 
six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


489 


BOXING — Continued. 


August  7 — Johnnj'  Dundee  vs.  Franliie  Burns, 
D.,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

August  9 — Harry  Greb  defeated  Clay  Turner, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

August  17 — Kid  Lewis  defeated  Walter  Mohr, 
eigiit  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

August  20 — Johnny  Dundee  defeated  Tommy 
Tuohey,  eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

August  23 — Johnny  Howard  defeated  Jeff  Smith, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N    J. 

August  2& — JacV;  Dempsey  K.  O.  Terry  Keilar, 
five  rounds,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

September  6 — Pete  Herman  defeated  Zulu  Kid, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

September  9 — Clay  Turner  defeated  Joe  Bonds, 
four  rounds,  stopped,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Joe  Welling 
defeated  Eddie  Wallace,  eight  rounds,  P.  V.  Jersey 
City,  N.  J. 

September  13 — Willie  Meehan  defeated  Jack 
Dempsey,  four  rounds,  R.  D.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

September  14 — Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Jack  Moran, 
one  round,  Reno,  Nev. 

September  16 — Benny  Leonard  defeated  Harry 
Pierce,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Jimmy 
Hanlon  defeated  Red  Dolan,  fifteen  rounds,  R.  D., 
New  Orleans,  La. 

September  17 — Jack  Britton  defeated  Tommy 
Robson,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

September  18 — Lew  Tendler  defeated  George 
Chaney,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

September  21 — Tommy  Burns  K.  O.  Tex  Foster, 
four  rounds.  Prince  Rupert,  B.  C.  BiUy  Miske 
defeated  Harry  Greb,  ten  rounds,  P.  V.,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa 

September  23 — Ted  Lewis  defeated  Benny  Leon- 
ard, eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

September  25 — Johnny  Dundee  defeated  Frankie 
Brltt,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

September  30 — Soldier  Bartfleld  defeated  Jack 
McCarron,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

October    22 — Shater    O'Brien    defeated     Barney 
Adair,  twelve  rounds.  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 
Its  October  28 — Johnnie  Drummie  defeated  Mickey 
Donley,  eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

October  29 — Johnny  Dundee  defeated  Frankie 
Callahan,  twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Boston,  Mass. 

October  31 — Sam  Langford  vs.  Jeff  Clark,  D., 
twelve  rounds,  R.  D.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

November  2 — Frankie  Callahan  defeated  Lew 
Tendler,  six  rounds,  P.  V.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

November  5 — Clay  Turner  defeated  Jack  Clifford, 
eight  rounds,  P.  V.,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

November  6 — Jack  Dempsey  K.  O.  Battling 
Levinsky,  three  rounds,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

November  9 — Frankie  Bums  K.  O.  Johnny  Ertle, 
seven  rounds,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

AMATEURS. 

■  Amateur  Athletic  Union  National  Championships, 
held  at  Boston,  Mass.,  April  8-9.  Results  (semi-final 
round):  108-pound  class — Joe  Wiles,  Boston,  de- 
feated Dave  Kamins,  New  York:  Owen  McManus, 
Pittsburgh,  defeated  Peter  Norton,  Boston.  115- 
pound  cias-s — James  Tomasulo,  New  York,  defeated 
James  Giblin,  Boston,  two  rounds.  125-pound  class — 
James  Fruzetti,  Brockton,  defeated  Ray  Rodgers, 
Pittsburgh.  135-pound  class — Thomas  O'Malley, 
Philadelphia,  defeated  Arnold  Thornberg  Pittsburgji. 
158-pound  class — Sam  Lagonia,  New  York,  defeated 
John  Newhall,  Boston,  one  round:  Martin  Burke, 
New  Orleans,  defeated  Frank  Garyber,  Pittsburgh. 


17o-Round  class — Magloire  Le  Belie,  Gardner,  de- 
feated James  TuUy,  New  York.  Heavyweight 
class — Martin  Burke,  New  Orleans,  defeated  Magloire 
Le  Belle,  Gardner:  James  Tully,  New  York,  defaulted 
to  P.  S.  Earle,  Camp  Devens. 

Finals:  108-pound  class — Joe  Wiles,  .'Boston,  de- 
feated Owen  McManus,  Pittsburgh.  145-pound  class 
— James  Sullivan,  New  York,  defeated  Val  Grutme- 
wald,  Pittsburgh.  158-pound  class — Martin  Burke, 
New  Orleans,  defeated  Sam  Lagonia,  New  York, 
referee's  decision.  115-pound  class — James  Toma- 
sulo, New  York,  K.  O.  William  Daley,  Boston,  one 
round.  175-pound  class — John  McMlnimen,  Camp 
Devens,  K.  O.  Magloire  Le  Belle,  Gardner,  two 
rounds.  125-pound  class — James  Fruzetti,  Brock- 
ton, defeated  Willy  Corbett,  Mass.  Inst,  of  Tech. 
four  rounds.  135-pound  class — Thomas  O'Malley, 
Philadelphia,  defeated  Sam  Mosberg,  New  York. 
Heavyweight  class — Martin  Burke,  New  Orleans, 
defeated  P.  Searle,  Camp  Devens. 

Metropolitan  Association  A.  A.  U.  Champion- 
ships, held  at  New  York,  March  25.  Results  (finals 
only) :  108-pound  class — D.  Kamins,  Clark  House 
A.  A.,  defeated  D.  Horn,  unattached,  three  rounds, 
judges'  decision.  115-pound  class — James  Toma- 
sulo, Elizabeth  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  defeated  M.  Schwartz, 
University  Settlement,  three  rounds,  judges'  decision. 
125-pound  class — A.  Schick,  unattached,  defeated 
H.  Garsh,  Pastime  A.  C,  three  rounds,  judges' 
decision.  135-pound  class — S.  Mosberg,  unattached, 
defeated  F.  Fauvelt,  Union  Settlement,  three  rounds, 
judges'  decision.  145-pound  class — J.  Sullivan, 
Union  Settlement,  defeated  L.  Algren,  Norwegian 
Turn  Verein,  three  rounds,  judges'  decision.  158- 
pound  class — S.  Lagonia,  Bronxdale  A.  C,  defeated 
G.  Okum,  University  Settlement,  three  rounds, 
judges'  decision.  175-pound  class — G.  Schalk,  un- 
attached, defeated  J.  Feissner,  Newark  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
by  default.  Heavyweight  class — G.  Schalk,  un- 
attached, defeated  C.  Duerr,  National  T.  V.,  two 
rounds,  referee  stopped  bout. 

New  England  A.  A.  U.  Championships,  held  at 
Boston,  March  18.  Results  (finals  only) :  115-pound 
class — Bob  Josephs,  Boston,  defeated  Danny  Kramer, 
Boston,  three  rounds.  158-pound  class — Billy  Rush, 
Boston  Navy  Yard,  defeated  Dan  McCormick, 
Boston,  three  rounds.  108-pound  class — Joe  Willis, 
Chelsea,  defeated  Gil  Starble,  Everett,  three  rounds. 
125-pound  class — Charles  Parker,  Boston,  defeated 
Jerry  Healy,  Boston  Navy  Yard,  one  round.  135- 
pound  class — Joe  Melanson,  Boston,  defeated  Joe 
Pangrase,  Weymouth,  Mass.,  two  rounds.  145- 
pound  class — Al  Lacy,  Chelsea,  defeated  Larry 
Stead,  Cambridge,  three  rounds.  175-pound  class — 
Billy  Rush,  Boston  Navy  Yard,  defeated  Frank 
Mitchell,  Boston,  one  round. 

OTHER  AMATEUR  MATCHES. 

January  8 — Boston,  Mass.,  Annual  Intercity 
Tournament  between  New  York  and  Boston  ama- 
teur boxers.  Won  by  Boston  boxers  with  victories 
in  three  out  of  five  classes. 

February  23 — Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  Annual  Intercity 
Tournament  between  New  York  and  Pittsburgh 
amateur  boxers.  Won  by  New  York  boxers  with 
victories  in  five  out  of  seven  classes. 

March  21 — Cambridge.  Mass.,  R.  M.  Sedgewick 
won  Harvard  University  Boxing  Championship, 
defeating  F.  C.  Fishbeck  in  three  rounds,  heavyweight 
class. 


PUGILISTIC    CHAMPIONS   AND   RECEIPTS. 

All  attempts  to  designate  and  classify  the  pugilistic  champions  and  title  holders  are  more  or  less 
arbitrary  because  of  the  fact  that  few  such  champions  won  and  defended  the  championships  at  the  same 
weight.  Among  the  lighter  weight  boxers  it  is  not  at  all  unusual  for  a  pugilist  to  be  forced  from  one  class 
Into  the  next  higher  by  growth  and  increased  weight.  The  following  list,  dating  from  1890.  Is  generally 
accepted  by  critics  and  boxers  aa  being  the  correct  classification,  although  holders  did  not  always  win  title 
from  previous  champions.  ^    ^    -^  ^ 

HEAVYWEIGHTS  (over  158  lbs.)— 1890-1892,  John  L.  Sullivan:  1892-1897,  James  J.  Corbett: 
1897-1899,  Robert  Fitzslmmona;  1899-1906,  James  J.  Jeflrles;  1906-1908,  Tommy  Burns;  1908-1915,  Jack 
Johnson:  1915-1918.  Jess  Willard.  .„„„,,<„„    ^  „  innT 

MIDDLEWEIGHTS  (168  lbs.)— 1890-1897,  Robert  Fitzimmons:  1897-1907,  Tommy  Ryan;  1907- 
1908,  Stanley  Ketchel;  1908,  BUI  Papke  and  Stanley  Ketchel;  1908-1910,  Stanley  Ketchel:  1911-1913, 
claimed  by  Frank  Klaus,  Mike  Gibbons,  Ed  McGoorty  and  Geo.  Chip;  1914-1917,  Al  McCoy;  1917-1918, 
l^lke  O'Dowd 

WELTERWEIGHTS  (145  lbs.) — 1890-1893,  no  recognized  champion;  1894-1896,  Tommy  Ryan; 
1896-1897.  Kid  McCoy;  1898-1900,  BiUy  Smith;  1900,  Rube  Ferns:  1901,  Matty  Matthews  and  Rube 


490 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


BOXING — Conilnued. 


Ferns;  1901-1904,  Joe  Walcott;  1904-1908,  Dixie  Kid;  1914-1916,  Kid  Graves;  1916,  Jack  Brltton;  1917- 
1918,  Ted   (Kid)   Lewis. 

LIGHTWEIGHTS  (133  lbs.)— 1890-1893,  Jaclc  McAuIiffe;^  1893-1899.  Kid  Lavlgne;  1899-1902, 
Frank  Erne:  1902-1908.  Joe  Gans;  1908-1910,  Battling  Nelson;  1910-1912,  Ad  Wolgast;  1912-14,  Willie 
Ritchie;   1914-1917.  Freddie  Welsh;   1917-1918,  Benny  Leonard. 

!••  FEATHERWEIGHTS  (122  lbs.) — 1890-1892,  no  recognized  champion;  1892-1897,  George  Dixon; 
1897,  Solly  Smith;  1898,  Solly  Smith  and  Dave  Sullivan;  1898-1900,  George  Dixon;  1900-1901,  Terry 
McGovern;  1901-1904,  Young  Corbett;  1904-1908,  Tommy  Sullivan;  1908-1911,  Abe  Attell;  1911-1918, 
Johnny  Kllbane. 

BANTAMWEIGHTS  (116  lbs.)— 1890-1892,  George  Dixon;  1892-1894,  no  recognized  champion; 
1894-1898,  Jimmy  Barry;  1898-1901,  no  recognized  champion;  1901-1903,  Harry  Forbes;  1903-1905,  Frankle 
Nell;  1905-1907,  no  recognized  champion;  1907-1913,  Johnny  Coulon;  1914-15,  Kid  Williams;  1916-1918, 
Pete  Herman. 

LARGEST  GATE  RECEIPTS  OF  BOXING. 


Date. 

AVinner. 

Loser. 

Place. 

Gate 
Receipts. 

July '4,  1910 

Johnson 

Reno,  Nev 

$270,755 
151  524 

March  25,  1916 

Willard 

New  York  City 

September  3,  1906 .... 

Gans. 

Nelson 

Goldfield,  Nev 

69,715 
+68,000 
+67,500 

66  300 

April  5,  1915 

Willard 

December  26,  1908. . . . 

Johnson 

Burns 

Sydney,  Australia 

New  York  City 

November  3,  1899.  .  . . 

Jeffries 

Sharkey 

August  14,  1903 

Jeffries 

Corbett 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

New  York  City 

63,340 
58  069 

September  11,  1915. . . 

tGlbbons 

McFarland 

McCoy 

August  30,  1900 

Corbett 

New  York  City 

56  350 

December  20,  1904. . . . 

Nelson 

Britt 

48,311 

*45,000 

40  000 

September  7,  1892 .... 

Corbett 

Sullivan 

March  8,  1893 

Fltzsimmons 

Wolgast 

Hail 

February  22,  1910.  ..  . 

Nelson 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Ca! 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

37,750 
32  300 

October  16,  1909 

Johnson 

Ketchel 

March  25,  1904 

Brltt 

Corbett 

32  245 

July  25,  1902 

Jeffries 

Fitzsimmons 

Rulilin 

31  800 

November  15,  1901 .  . . 

Jeffries 

30,800 
28,521 
27,775 
22,000 

June  29,  1916 

Dillon 

Brooltlyn,  N.  Y 

September  9,  1905 

March  17,  1897 

Nelson 

Britt 

San  rr.incisco   Cal 

Fltzsimmons 

Britt 

Corbett '..,.'.. 

Carson  City,  Nev 

October  31,  1904 

Gans 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

21,761 

August  26,  1904 

Jeffries 

21,760 
21,000 
20,880 

December  2,  1896 

Sharkey ' 

Fitzsimmons 

McGovern 

March  31,  1903 

Corbett 

♦Purse  525,000  and  SIO.OOO  a  side.    tEstimated.     JTen-round,  no-decislon  bout. 


WRESTLING. 


JANTJART  18,  New  York  City — Wladek  Zbyszko 
defeated  Bernhoff  Hansen  in  straight  falls.  Time — 
24m,   5s.   and   8m.    2s. 

January  26,  Atlanta,  Ga. —  Ed  Lewis  defeated 
Tonfiny  Draak  In  straight  falls.  Time — 30m.  Os. 
and  17m.  35s. 

January  29,  New  York  City — Wladek  Zbyszko 
defeated  John  Olin  one  fail.  Time —  lb.  15m.  25s. 
Joe  Stecher  defeated  Yusslt  Hussane,  one  fall.  Time 
— Ih.  3m.  8s. 

February  1,  Sioux  City,  la. — Joe  Stecher  defeased 
Otto  Frebery  in  straight  falls.  Time — lli.  2m.  and 
2m.  16s. 

February  2,  Duluth.  Mioh. — Wladek  Zbyszko 
vs.  Charles  Cutler,  stopped  after  Ih.  13m.  without 
faU. 

February  26,  Chicago,  111. — Joe  Stecher  defeated 
Chris  Sorenson  one  fall.  Time — Im.  39s.  WladeU 
Zbyszko  vs.  Steven  Savage  stopped  after  9m.  lis. 
without  fall. 

March  1,  New  York  City — Joe  Stecher  vs.  Wladek 
Zbyszko  draw  after  2h.  time  limit  expired  without 
fall. 

March  8,  Houston,  Tex. — Wladek  Zbyszko  de- 
feated Yussif  Hussane,  one  fall.     Time — Ih.  10m. 

March  11 — Joe  Stecher  defeated  Joe  Malcewiczi 
In  straight  falls.     Time — 32m.  4s.  and  18m.  31s. 

March  19,  New  York  City —  Ed  Lewis  defeated 
Wladek  Zbyszko  on  referee's  decision  of  foul  after 
S7m.  25s.  of  match. 

April  12,  Des  Moines,  la. — Earl  Caddocli  defeated 
John  Olin  in  straight  falls.  Time — 54m.  10s  and 
18m.  6s. 

April  17,  Washington,  D.  C. — Joe  Stecher  defeated 
John  Dorelli  in  straight  falls.  Time — 10m.  Is.  and 
20m.  13s. 

April  18,  Boston,  Mass. — Joe  Stecher  defeated 
Yussif  Hussane,  one  fall.     Time — Ih.  33m.  lis. 

April  18,  Sioux  City,  la. — Earl  Caddook  defeated 
Demetrous  Tofalos  in  straight  falls.  Time — 20m. 
and  12m.  38. 


April  20,  Hartford,  Conn. — Joe  Stecher  defeated 
Dr.  B.  F.  Roller  In  straight  falls.  Time — i8m.  178. 
and  37m.  49s. 

April  25,  New  York  City —  Joe  Stecher  vs  Ed 
Lewis  draw,  referee's  decision  after  2h.  match  without 
fall. 

Ivlay  1,  Cedar  Rapids,  la. — Earl  Caddock  de- 
feated John  Freburg  In  straight  faUs.  Time — 
111.  5m.  and  4m.  16s 

May  7,  Kansas  City,  Mo. — Earl  Caddocit  defeated 
Yussif  Hussane  in  straight  fails.  Time — 47m.  30s. 
and   Cm.   25s.  ' 

M.iy  9,  Chicago,  111. — Earl  Caddock  defeated 
Wladek  Zbyszko  on  referee's  decision  after  2h. 
match  without  fall. 

May  11,  Louisville,  Ky. —  Ed  Lewis  defeated 
Wladeit  Zbyszko  on  referee's  decisloVi  after  each  had 
won  fall.  Zbyszko  won  first  fall  in  Ih.  34m  and 
Lewis  second  in  35m.  21s. 

May  14,  KnoxviUe,  Tenn. — Wladek  Zbyszko 
defeated  Yussif  Hussane  two  out  of  three  falls. 
Hussane  won  first  in  27m.;  Zbyszko,  second  and 
third  in  9m.  7s.  and  3m.   19s. 

May  23,  Boston,  Mass. — ^Wladek  Zbyszlvo  de- 
feated John  Freburg,  one  fall.     Time — Ih.  5ra    169. 

May  23,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. — Hanry  Irslinger  vs. 
Billy  Schober,  draw  after  2h.  match  without  iali 

June  12,  Waterloo  la. — Earl  Caddock  delected 
John  Olin  in  straight  falls.  Time — 36m.  30s  und 
10m.  9s. 

June  12,  Omaha,  Neb — Joe  Stecher  dete.ited 
Wladek  Zbyszko  on  referee's  decision  after  one  tall. 
Time — 2h.   3m.    13s. 

June  17,  Sioux  City,  la. —  Ed  Lewis  defeated  John 
Freburg,  one  fall.     Time — 37m.  7s. 

June  21,  Des  Moines,  la. — Earl  Caddock  defeated 
Ed  Lewis  on  referee's  decision  after  2h.  30m.  match 
without  fall. 

July  4,  Casper.  Wyo.— Earl  Caddock  dercatefl 
Yussif  Hussane  iu  straight  falls.  Time — lb.  Im. 
and  23m    39s. 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


491 


WRESTLING — Continued. 


INTERCOLLEGIATE    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 

Held  at  Columbia  University,  New  York  City, 
March  23.  Won  by  Penn  State,  34  points;  second, 
Lehigh.  17,  and  Cornell,  17;  fourth,  Pennsylvania, 
7;  fifth,  Columbia,  2.  Individual  results:  115 
pounds — Winner,  Horst,  Penn  State,  decision  in  21m. 
over  Rofe,  Cornell.  Second,  Rosenswelg,  Columbia, 
decision  over  Rofe,  Cornell,  9m.;  third,  Rofe,  Cornell. 
125  pounds — Winner,  Capt.  Bevler,  Lehigh,  fall 
over  Rose,  Pennsylvania,  6:07,  bar  and  chancery; 
second,  Acierley,  Cornell,  fall  over  Rose,  Pennsyl- 
vania, 8:50,  bar  and  chancery;  third.  Rose,  Penn- 
sylvania, decision  over  Kwong,  Columbia,  9.  135 
pounds — Winner,  Capt.  Long,  Penn  State,  decision 
over  BuUard,  Cornell,  9;  second,  BuUard,  Cornell, 
fall  over  Louria,  Columbia,  7:07;  crotch  and  body 
hold;  third,  Ketterer,  Pennsylvania,  decision  over 
Werz,  Lehigh,  9.  145  pounds — Winner.  Shultz, 
Perm  State,  fall  over  Loeser,  Lehigh,  6,  half  Nelson; 
second,  Tuttle,  Cornell,  fall  over  Loeser,  Lehigh, 
8:53,  arm  and  neck  hold;  third.  Hymen,  Pennsyl- 
vania, decision  over  Loeser,  Lehigh,  9.  158  pounds 
— Winner,  Brown,  Penn  State,  decision  over  Lati- 
mer, Lehigh,  15;  second,  Latimer,  Lehigh,  fall  over 
Jensen,  Columbia,  5:35,  crotch  and  body  hold; 
third,  Webber,  Cornell,  fall  over  Jensen,  Columbia, 
6:23,  bar  and  chancery.  175  pounds — Winner, 
Nelan,  Penn  State,  fall  over  Huntington,  Cornell, 
11:49,  arm  and  neck  hold;  second.  Booth,  Lehigh, 
fall  over  Huntington,  Cornell,  5:08,  half  Nelson  and 
body  hold;  third,  Huntington,  Cornell.  Unlimited 
weight — Winner,  Czenarchl,  Peim  State,  fall  over 
Manley,  Lehigh,  6:33,  crotch  and  arm  hold;  second, 
Manley,  Lehigh,  decision  over  Porter,  Cornell,  9; 
third.  Porter,  Cornell. 

DUAL  MATCHES. 

January  26,  Philadelphia — Pennsylvania  4  bouts; 
Princeton,  3. 

February  9,  Annapolis — Navy,  26  points;  Lehigh, 
4  points. 

February  16,  South  Bethlehem— Lehigh,  30  points; 
Virginia.  0  points. 

February  16,  New  York  City — Yale,  22  points; 
Columbia,  3  points. 

February  19,  New  York  City — Boy.s'  Club,  17 
points;  Princeton,  4  points. 


February  23,  Andover — Andover,  14  points; 
Mass.  Tech.,  5  points. 

February  23,  State  College — Penn  State,  24  points; 
Cornell,  8  points. 

March  1,  New  York  City — Pennsylvania,  21 
points;  Columbia,  6  points. 

March  2,  New  Haven — Yale,  25  points;  Princeton, 
0  points. 

March  2,  South  Bethlehem — Philadelphia  Y.  M.  C. 
A.,  20  points;  Lehigh,  14  points. 

March  2,  Annapolis— Penn  State,  16  points; 
Navy,  14  points. 

March  8,  Philadelphia — Cornell,  22  points;  Penn- 
sylvania,  10   points. 

March  9,  State  College — Penn  State,  26  points; 
Lehigh,   5   points. 

March  9,  Annapolis — Navy,  30  points;  Cornell, 
0  points. 

March  16,  South  Bethlehem — Lehigh,  23  points; 
Columbia,  9  points. 

March  16,  Ithaca — Penn  State,  25  points;  Cornell, 
4   points. 

AMATEURS. 

National  Amateur  Athletic  Union  Championships, 
held  at  Chicago,  111.,  April  12.  Results,  final  matches 
only:  108-pound  class — J.  F.  Meagher,  Gary  Y.  M, 
C.  A.,  first;  Pete  Petros,  Greek-Olympic  A.  C, 
second;  D.  Harris.  Chicago  Hebrew  Inst.,  third. 
115-pound  class — V.  V.  Vogen,  unattached,  first: 
S.  Pammow,  Chicago  Hebrew  Inst.,  second;  S. 
Marion,  Seward  Park,  third.  125-pound  class — 
John  Fellos,  Greek-Olympic  A.  C,  first;  V.  V.  Vosen, 
unattached,  second;  H.  E.  Hohisel,  Jollet  Steel  Club, 
third.  135-pound  class — Sypros  Vorres,  Greek- 
Olympic  A.  C,  first;  L.  Frazee,  Great  Lakes,  second. 
145-pound  class — A.  Forst,  Great  Lakes,  first;  Geo. 
Metropoulos,  Gary  Y.  M,  C.  A.,  second;  Spyros 
Vorres,  Greek-Olympic  A.  C,  third.  158-pound 
class — Stephenson,  Great  Lakes,  first;  W.  H.  Wicker, 
Great  Lakes,  second.  175-pound  class — Karl  Kunert, 
Gary  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  first;  Fred  J.  Meyer,  Chicago 
Hebrew  Inst.,  second;  A.  Minkley,  Great  Lakes, 
third.  Heavyweight  class — Karl  Kunert,  Gary 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  first;  F.  Larson,  Swedish  A.  C,  second; 
A.  Minkley,  Great  Lakes,  third. 


AVIATION. 

While  there  was  little  or  no  competition  in  aviation  during  1918.  marvelous  strides  were  made  in 
aeronautics.  The  development  of  the  Liberty  Motor  in  this  country  and  the  wonderful  improvement 
and  use  of  the  airplane  for  war  purposes  abroad  marked  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  In  aviation  after  the 
signing  of  peace. 

May  15 — First  regular  airplane  mail  service  in  world  inaugurated  between  New  York  and  Washington, 
the  actual  flying  time  being  3h.  20m.      By  August  ) ,  this  time  had  bean  reduced  to  2h.  30m. 

May  28-— In  an  experimental  postal  service  trip,  aviators  flew  from  Paris  to  London  and  return  with 
several  sacks  of  mail  in  3h.  10m. 

June  1 — Miss  Katherlne  Stinson  completed  her  Chicago  to  New  York  mail  flight  begun  on  May  24. 
She  flew  783  mUes  to  Blnghamton,  N.  Y.,  without  stop,  between  7.37  a.  m.  and  6.40  p.  m.,  on  May  23,  but 
in  landing  damaged  her  plane  and  was  unable  to  continue  the  trip  until  June  1. 

June  6 — First  mail  flight  New  York  to  Boston  accomplished,  Lieut.  T.  H.  Webb,  carrying  4,000 
letters,  making  the  trip  In  3h.  22m.     The  return  flight  was  made  Juno  11  without  incident. 

June  22 — Mail  alrT)lane  carrying  three  men  and  Ave  bags  of  mail  made  trip  from  Philadelphia  to  Bel- 
mont Park,  L.  I.,  in  56  minutes. 

June  24 — First  Canadian  airplane  mall  service  instituted  with  flight  between  Montreal  and  Toronto, 
a  distance  of  about  300  miles. 

June  26 — Reports  were  received  from  Russia  regarding  the  inauguration  of  Ukrainian  air  postal  ser- 
vice.    The  plans  called  for  routes  radiating  from  Kiev  to  points  as  far  distant  as  1,100  miles. 

July  4 — Lieut.  F.  M.  Bartletfc  arrived  at  San  Antonio,  Tex.,  after  2,500  mile  flight  from  Belleville,  111. 

September  5 — First  mall  service  trip  between  New  York  and  Chicago,  made  by  Max  Miller,  who  flew 
from  Belmont  Park,  L.I. ,  to  Grant  Park,  Chicago,  in  36h.  56m.,  including  an  overnight  stop  at  Cleveland. 
The  return  trip  was  made  on  September  9,  and  he  arrived  in  New  York  on  September  10,  his  actual  flying 
for  the  1,000  miles  being  8h.  2m. 

September  18 — Capt.  R.  W.  Schroeder  broke  world's  altitude  flight  record,  rising  28,900  feet,  at  Wilbur 
Wright  Field.  Dayton,  Ohio.     He  carried  oxygen  tanks  and  landed  some  200  miles  from  his  starting  point. 

September  27 — Gabrlele  d'Annunzio,  the  Italian  aviator,  flew  from  Rome  to  Paris,  crossing  the  Alps 
at  high  altitude.  „  ,  „ 

October  21 — Postal  authorities  took  under  consideration  plans  for  New  York  to  San  Francisco  mail 
service  following  the  signing  of  peace  terms. 

Ociober  24 — Plans  under  consideration  for  airplane  express  and  mail  service  between  London,  Cairo 
and  Calcutta.  . 

October  26 — Sergt.  Coombs  won  Belmont  Park  to  Statue  of  Liberty  and  return  race,  a  distance  oi 
36  miles,  in  15m  30s.     Ii)  1910,  J.  B.  Moisant  won  a  similar  race  in  34m.  38s. 

October  27— Chauffeur  R.  W.  Bottriell  leaped  from  an  airplane  at  an  altitude  of  4,800  feet  at  San 
Antonio,  Tex.,  and  with  the  aid  of  a  parachute  landed  si^fely. 

November  13 — Lieut.  W.  T.  Campbell  looped  the  loop  151  times  at  Dallas,  Tex.,  estabUshing  what 
was  ccmsidered  to  be  a  world's  record  for  this  feat. 

AVIATION   RECORDS. 

No  aviation  records  have  bean  accepted  by  the  International  Aeronautical  Federation  since  the  be- 
ginning of  the  European  War  In  1914, 


49^ 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


BASEBALL. 

War  conditions  throughout  the  country  curtailed  the  baseball  season  in  both  major  and  minor 
leagues  during  1918.  Many  of  the  smaller  circuits  closed  during  the  mKlsummer  montiu  as  the  result 
of  failing  patronage  and  the  "Work-or-Flght"  regulations,  which  placed  professional  baseball  in  the  non- 
essential class,  hastened  the  end  of  the  larger  leagues,  tinder  this  ruling  many  players  were  callad  for 
service  by  their  draft  boards  and  a  test  case  was  made  by  the  Washington  Club,  of  the  American  League, 
which  appealed  from  the  ruling  in  the  case  of  catcher  Ainsmith.  The  appeal  was  laid  before  Secretary 
of  War  Baiter,  who  after  careful  consideration  upheld  the  decision  of  the  draft  board. 

As  a  result  of  this  ruling  the  National,  American  and  International  Leagues  closed  their  seasons  on 
September  2  (Labor  Day),  and  the  pennant  winning  clubs  of  the  National  and  American  Leagues  partici- 
pated in  the  usual  world  series  after  receiving  the  consent  of  the  proper  Government  authorities.  The 
outcome  of  the  series  is  appended. 

WORLD  CHAMPIONSHIP  SERIES  1918. 
Played  between  Boston,  winner  of  the  American  League  pennant,  and  Chicago,  winner  of  the  Na- 
tional League  pennant.     Boston  defeated  Chicago  4  games  to  2. 

RESULTS  OF 'GAMES.     • 

First  Game,  at  Chicago,  September  5.     Boston — 1  run,  5  hits,  0  errors.     Chicago — 0 

0  errors.     Batteries — Ruth  and  Agnew;  Vaughan  and  Killifer. 

Second  game,  at  Chicago,  September  6.     Chicago — 3  rung,  7  hits,  1  error.     Boston — 1 

1  error.     Batteries — Tyler  and  Killifer;  Bush  and  Agnew,  Schang. 

Third  game,  at  Chicago,  September  7.     Bo.ston — 2  runs,  7  hits,  0  errors.     Chicago — 1 
1  error.     Batteries — Mays  and  Schang;  Vaughan  and  Killifer. 

Fourth  game,  at  Boiston,  September  9.     Boston — 3  runs,  4  hits,  0  errors.     Chicago — 2 

1  error.     Batteries — Ruth,  Bush  and  Agnew,  Schang;  Tyler,  Douglas  and  KtUlfer. 

Fifth  game',  at  Boston,  September  10.     Chicago— 3  runs,  7  hits,  0  errors.     Boston — 0 
0  errors.     Batteries — Vaughan  and  Killifer;  Jones  and  Agnew,  Schang. 

Sixth  game,  at  Boston,  September  11.     Boston — 2  runs,  .5  hits,  0  errors.     Chicago — 1 

2  errors.    Batteries — Mays  and  Schang;  Tyler,  Hendrix  and  Killifer.  O'Karrell. 

COMPOSITE  SCORE  OF  SIX  GAMES. 
CHICAGO  NATIONALS. 


runs,  f)  hits, 
run,  6  hits, 
inin,  7  hits, 
runs,  7  hits, 
runs,  .')  hits, 
run,  3  hits. 


PixAYERS. 


Flaclt,  rf 

HoUocher,  ss.  . 

Mann,  If 

Paskert,  cf .  .  . . 
Merkle,  lb ... . 

Pick,  2b 

Deal,  3b 

Zelder,  3b 

Wortman,  2b. . 
Killifer,  c 

(a)  O'Farreil,  c 
Vaughan,  p . . . . 

Tyler,  p 

Douglas,  p .  . . . 

(b)  Hendrix,  p. 

(c)  McCabe.  . . 

(d)  Barber .  .  .  . 

Totals 


Batting. 


I       Fielding. 


G.  A.B.   R.   H.  2B.  3B.  H.  R.  T.B.  S.H.  S.  B.  S.  O.  B.B.   Ave.  P.O.  A.  E.l  Ave. 


19 

21 

22 

21 

18 

18 

17 

0 

1 

17 

3 

10 

5 

0 

1 

1 

2 


176    10    37 


44 


14 


18 


.2fi3 
.190 
.217 
.190 
.278 
.389 
.176 
.000 
.000 
.118 
.000 
.000 
.200 
.000 
.000 
.000 
.000 


15 

12 

7 

16 

52 

12 

6 

1 

1 

26 

0 

6 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 


.213!    156  76 


1  .944 
0  1,000 
O'lOOO 


1.000 

1.000 

1.000 

.938 

1.000 

1.000 

1.000 

.000 

1.000 

.917 

.000 

.000 

.000 

.000 


.982 


BOSTON  AMERICANS. 


Playeks. 

Batting. 

Fielding. 

G. 

A.B. 

R. 

H. 

2B. 

3B. 

H.  R. 

T.B. 

S.H. 

S.B. 

S.O. 

B.B. 

Ave. 

P.O. 

A. 

E.   Ave. 

Hooper,  rf 

6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
4 
5 
3 
2 
2 
1 
1 
1 

20 

19 

23 

20 

20 

21 

16 

9 

9 

5 

2 

5 

1 

1 

i 

0 
2 
1 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

4 
4 
4 
6 
5 
2 
2 
0 
4 
1 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 

0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

4 
5 
7 
7 
S 
2 
2 
0 
4 
3 

? 
0 
0 
0 

2 

1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

1 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

.  1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

2 
3 
5 
1 
1 
1 
2 
0 
3 
2 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 

2 
4 
0 
2 

1 
1 
1 
0 
2 
0 
1 
1 
1 
0 
0 

.200 
.211 
.174 
.250 
.250 
.095 
.125 
.000 
.444 
.200 
.000 
.200 
.000 
.000 
.000 

10 

16 

8 

15 

70 

11 

6 

12 

9 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

17 

2 

2 

2 

25 

10 

6 

5 

5 

3 

8 

0 
0 

0  1.000 

Shean,  2b 

O'l.OOO 

Strunk,  cf 

Oil. 000 

Whlteman,  If 

1 

f] 
0 
0 
0 
0 

.944 

Mclnnis,  lb 

1.000 

Scott,  ss 

Thomas,  3b 

1.000 
1.000 

Agnew,  c 

1.000 

Schang,  c 

1.000 

Ruth,  p..  If 

1.000 

Bush,  p 

0  1 . 000 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1.000 

1.000 

.000 

(f)  Miller 

.000 

Totals 

172 

9 

32 

2 

3 

0 

40 

8 

3 

21 

16 

.186 

159 

88 

I 

.997 

(a)  Batted  for  Pick  in  ninth  inning  of  first  game  and  for  Deal  in  seventh  inning  of  fourth  game. 

(b)  Batted  for  Tyler  in  eighth  inning  of  fourth  game. 

(c)  Ran  for  Deal  In  ninth  inning  of  first  game;  ran  for  Hendrix  in  eighth  inning  of  fourth  game;  batted 
lor  Tyler  in  eighth  Inning  of  sixth  game. 

(d)  Batted  for  Deal  in  ninth  Inning  of  third  game;  ran  for  Killifer  in  ninth  inning  of  fourth  game;  batted 
for  Deal  in  eighth  Inning  of  sixth  game. 

(e)  Batted  for  Thomas  in  ninth  inning  of  second  game. 

(f)  Batted  for  Jones  in  ninth  inning  of  fifth  game. 


Sporting  Records— Continued.                              493 

BASEBALL — Continued. 

Chicago.. 

..Runs — 0     3     1110     0     4     0 — 10    Boston Ruas — 0     025000     11—9 

Hits— 5     7     2     3     3     8     15     3—37                            Hits— 5     3     2  10     1     1     3     3     4—32 

Winning  pitchers — Ruth  (2),  Mays  (2),  Tyler,  Vaughan.  Losing  pitchers — Bush,  Jones,  Vaughan 
(2),  Douglas,  Tyler. 

Runs  batted  in — By  Mclnnis,  1;  by  Scott,  1:  by  Whlteman,  1;  by  Schang,  1;  by  Ruth,  2;  by  HoUocher, 
1;  by  KiUiler,  2;  by  Tyler,  2;  by  Mann,  2;  by  Paskert,  2;  by  Merlile,  1.     Runs  scored  on  errors — Boston,  2. 

Hits  and  earned  runs — Off  Ruth,  13  and  2  in  17  innings  (none  out  and  two  on  bases  when  replaced 
by  Bush  in  ninth  inning  of  fourth  game) ;  oft  Bush,  7  and  3  in  9  innings;  off  Mays,  10  and  2  in  18  innings; 
oH  Jones,  7  and  3  In  9  innings;  off  Vaughan,  17  and  3  in  27  iimings;  off  Tyler,  14  and  3  in  23  innings;  oft 
Douglas,  1  and  0  in  1  inning;  oft  Hendrix,  0  and  0  in  1  inning. 

Left  on  bases — Chicago,  31;  Boston,  32.     First  base  on  errors — Boston,  4;  Chicago,  1. 

Bases  on  balls— Oft  Ruth,  7  (Merkle,  2;  Zeider,  2;  Tyler,  2;  Killlfer);  off  Bush,  3  (Merkle,  Pick,  KiUifer) ; 
oft  Mays,  3  (Flack,  2;  Paskert);  off  Jones,  5  (Flack,  2;  HoUocher,  Paskert,  Merkle);  off  Vaughan,  5  (Shean, 
2;  Mclnnis,  Hooper,  Jones);  off  Tyler,  11  (Hooper,  Whiteman,  2;  Shean,  2;  Bush,  Scott,  Thomas,  Mays, 
Schang,  2). 

Struck  out — By  Ruth,  4  (Flack,  Pick,  Vaughan,  Paskert);  by  Mays,  5  (Paskert,  Vaughan,  Merkle, 
2;  HoUocher);  by  Jones,  5  (Merkle.  Deal,  Vaughan,  3):  by  Vaughan,  17  (Thomas,  2;  Ruth,  2;  Strunk,  4; 
Schang.  3;  Shean,  Whlteman,  Mclnnis,  Hooper,  2;  Scott);  by  Tyler,  4  (Strunk,  Shean,  2;  Dubuc). 

Double  plays — KiUlfer  and  HoUocher;  HoUocher,  Pick  and  Merkle  (3);  Merkle  and  HoUocher;  White- 
man  and  Shean;  Ruth,  Scott  and  Mclnnis;  Scott,  Shean  and  Mclnnis  (2). 

Hit  by  pitcher— By  Ruth  (Flack);  by  Vauglian  (Whiteman);  by  Mays  (Mann).  Passed  balls — Schang, 
KiUifer  (2).     Wild  pitch — Ruth. 

Umpires — Klem  and  O'Day  (National  League);  Hildebrand  and  Owens  (American  League). 

ATTENDANCE.  RECEIPTS,  ETC. 


Games  and  City. 

Paid 
Admission. 

Receipts. 

Players' 
Share. 

Club  Owners' 
Share. 

National 
Commission . 

$19,274 
20.040 
27,054 
22,183 
24,694 
15,238 

830,348 
29,997 
40,188 
28,292 
31,069 
19,795 

816,387.93 
16,198.38 
21,663.72 
15.277.68 

810,925.28 
10,798.92 
14,442.48 
10,185.12 
27,962.10 
17,815.50 

S3,034.80 

Second  trame.  Chicago 

2.999.70 

Third  eame.  Chicaeo 

4.011.80 

Fourth  eame.  Boston 

2,829.20 

Fifth  eame  Boston 

3,106.90 

Si\th  eame  Boston 

1,979.50 

Totals 

$128,483 

S179.619 

569,527,70 

574,313.90 

$17,961.90 

The  players  of  the  winning  Boston  Club  were  awarded  523,152.72.  and  the  losing  Chicago  players, 
815  435  15.     The  players  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  clubs  in  the  American  and  National  Leagues 
divided  respectively,  515,469.91;  59,281.95  and  36,187.97.  under  the  new  ruling  which  awarded  a  portion 
of  the  players'  pool  to  the  clubs  of  the  two  leagues  finishing  the  season  la  these  positions. 
RECEIPTS     AND      ATTKNDANCE     .SINCE      1905. 


I-  Year. 


1905... 
1906... 
1907... 
1908... 
1909 . . . 
1910... 
1911... 
1912... 
1913. .. 
1914... 
1915... 
1916... 
1917... 
1918... 


Clubs. 


New  York-Athletics 

White  Sox-Cubs 

Clilcago-Detroit 

Chicago-Detroit 

Pittsburgh-Detroit 

Athletics-CliicaRO 

Athletics-Giants 

Red  Sox-Giants 

Athletics-Giants 

Boston.  Nationals-Philadelphia.  Americans . 
Boston,  Americans-Philadelphia,  Nationals. 
Boston,  Americans-Brooklyn,  Nationals. .  . . 
Chicago,  Americans-New  York,  Nationals.  . 
Boston,  Americans-Chicago,  Nationals 


Games. 


Attendance. 


91,723 

99,845 

78,068 

62,223 

145,295 

125,222 

179,851 

252,037 

150,992 

111,009 

143.351 

162.859 

186.654 

128.483 


Receipts. 


568,436.00 
106,550.00 
101,728.00 
94,976.00 
188,302.00 
173,980.00 
342.364.00 
490,833.00 
325,980.00 
226.739.00 
320.361.50 
385.590.50 
425.878.00 
179.619.00 


PREVIOUS    WORLD'S    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 


Year. 


Winners. 


1885 Chicago  (N.  L.) 

18S6 St.  Louis  (A.  A.) 

1887 Detroit  (N.  L.) 

1888 New  York  (N.  L.) 

1889 New  York  (N.  L.) 

1890 Louisville  (N.  L.) 

1892 Boston  (N.  L.) 

1894 New  York  (N.  L.) 

1895 Cleveland  (N.  L.) 

1896 Baltimore  (N.  L.) 

1897 Baltimore  (N.  L.) 

1903 iBoston  (A.  L.) 

1905 New  York  (N.  L.) 

1906 Chicago  (A.  L.) 

1907 Chicago  (N.  L.) 

1908 Chicago  (N.  L.) 

1909 Pittsburgh  (N.  L.). .  . . . 

1910 ,  Philadelphia  (A.  L.) . . . 

1911 Philadelphia  (A.  L.) . . . 

1912 Boston  (A.  L.) 

1913 Philadelphia  (A.  L.) . . 

1914 Boston  (N.  L.) , 

1915 Boston  (A.  L.) 

1916 Boston  (A.  L.) 

1917 Chicago  (A.  L.) 

1918 Boston  (A.  L.) 


Games  Won. 


3 

4 
10 
10 

6 

3 

a 

4 
4 
4 
4 
5 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
4 
A 
4 
4 
4 


Losers. 


Games  Won. 


St.  Louis  (A.  A.) 

Chicago    (N.  L.) 

St.  Louts  (A.  A.) 

St.  Louis  (A.  A.) 

Brooklyn  (A.  A.) 

Brooklyn  (A.  A.) 

Cleveland  (N.  L.) 

Baltimore  (N.  L.) 

Baltimore  (N.  L.) 

Cleveland  (N.  L.) 

Boston  (N.  L.) 

Pittsburgh   iN.  L.) 

PhUadelphIa  (A.  L.). . 

Chicago  (N.  L.) , 

Detroit  (A.  L.) 

Detroit  (A.  L.) 

Detroit  (A.  li.) 

Chicago  (N.  L.) 

New  York  (N.  t.)  . . , 
New  York  (N.  L.).. 
New  York  (N.  L.)  ., 
Ph!laaelphla'(A,  L.). 
PhUadelphia  (N.  L.),, 
Brooklyn  (N.  L.).  ... 
New  York  (N.  L.)... 
Chicago  (N.  L.) 


tie 


3  tie 

2 

4 

4 

3 

3 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

3 

1 

2 

0 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 

1 

0 

1 

1 

2 

2 


tie 


494 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


BASEBA\^h— Continued. 


PENNANT  WINNERS— NATIONAL   LEAGUE. 


d 

ftiS 

s 

d 

00 

f^S 

Year. 

Winner. 

41 

19 

^5 

.683 

Manager. 

6 

6 

Year. 

Winner. 

101 

47 

.682 

Manager. 

i 

1878.. 

Bo.ston 

H.  Wright. . . 

1899 . . 

Brooklyn 

Hanlon 

12 

1879.. 

Providence. . . . 

55 

23 

.705 

G.  Wright... 

8 

1900. . 

Brooklyn 

82 

54 

.  603 

Hanlon 

8 

1880.. 

Chicago 

67 

17 

.798 

Anson 

8 

1901 . . 

Pittsburgh. .  . . 

90 

49 

.647 

Clarke 

8 

1881.. 

Chicago 

56 

28 

.667 

Anson 

8 

1902.. 

Pittsburgh. .  .. 

103 

36 

.741 

Clarke 

8 

1882.. 

Chicago 

65 

29 

.656 

Anson 

8 

1903.. 

Pittsburgh.  .  .. 

91 

49 

.  0.50 

Clarke 

8 

1883.. 

Bo.ston 

63 

dii 

.643 

Morrell 

8 

1904.. 

New  York 

106 

47 

,  (i93 

McGraw 

8 

1884. . 

Providence. . .  . 

84 

28 

.750 

Bancroft 

8 

1905.. 

New  York 

105 

48 

,  6S6 

McGraw 

8 

1885. . 

Chicago 

87 

25 

.776 

Anson 

8 

1903. . 

Chicago 

116 

36 

.  763 

Chance 

8 

1886.. 

Chicago 

90 

34 

.723 

Anson 

8 

1907. . 

Chicago 

107 

46 

.704 

Chance 

8 

1887.. 

Detroit 

79 

46 

.637 

Watklns 

8 

1903.. 

Chicago 

95 

55 

.  643 

Chance 

8 

1888.. 

New  York 

H4 

47 

.641 

Mutrle 

8 

1900.. 

Pittsburgh.  .  . . 

no 

42 

.724 

Clarke 

8 

1889.. 

New  York 

83 

43 

.659 

Miitrle 

8 

1910.. 

Chicago 

104 

.50 

.676 

Chance 

8 

1890. . 

Brooklyn 

86 

43 

.667 

McGunnlsie  . 

8 

1911.. 

New  York.  .  . . 

99 

64 

.647 

McGrav/. . . . 

8 

1891.. 

Boston 

87  51 

.630  Selee 

8 

1912.. 

New  York.. . . 

103 

48 

.682 

McGraw  . , . 

8 

1892.. 

Boston 

102 

48 

.680'Selee 

12 

1913.. 

New  York . .  . 

101 

61 

.664 

McGraw  ..  . 

8 

1893. . 

Boston 

H6 

44 

.662|Selce 

12 

1914.. 

Boston 

94 

59 

.616 

Stalling.s 

8 

1894.. 

Baltimore 

89 

39 

.695  Hanlon 

12 

1915.. 

Philadelphia.. 

90 

62 

.592 

Moran 

8 

1895. . 

Baltimore 

KV 

43 

.669  Hanlon 

12 

1916.. 

Brooklyn 

94 

60 

.611) 

Robinson.. .. 

8 

1896. . 

Baltimore 

9(1 

39 

.698  Hanlon 

12 

1917.. 

New  York. . . . 

9K 

66 

.  636 

McGraw. .  .. 

8 

1897.. 

Boston 

93 

39 

.705  Selee 

12 

1918.. 

Chicago 

84 

46 

.661 

Mitchell 

8 

1898.. 

Boston 

102 

47 

.685  Selee 

12 

PENNANT   WINNERS— AMERICAN   LEAGUE. 


YEAR. 


1902. . 
1903.. 
1904.. 
1906.. 
1906.. 
1907. . 
1908.. 
1909 . . 
1910.. 


Winner. 


Philadelphia... 

Boston 

Boston 

Philadelphia... 

Chicago 

Detroit 

Detroit 

Detroit 

Philadelphia    . 


d 

^ 

1 

o 

83 

5"3 

91 

47 

96 

69 

92 

56 

93 

58 

92 

68 

90'63 

98'64 

102 

481 

a.  <a 
U 


Manager . 


610  Mack 

659|Co!lln3... 
617|Colllns... 

022|M.ack 

016:.TQnes 

613I.Ierinlngs. 
688iJennlngs. 
645  Jennings. 
680' Mack 


Year. 


1911.. 
1912.. 
1913.. 
1914. . 
1915.. 
1916. . 
1917.. 
1918.. 


Winner. 


Philadelphia. 

Bo.ston 

Philadelphia. 
Philadelphia 

Boston 

Boston 

Chicago 

Boston 


d 

«j' 

1 

o 

101 

.50 

106 

47 

96 

67 

99 

63 

101 

60 

91 

63 

100 

64 

76 

51 

Manager. 


609 
691 
627 
661 
609 
,591 
649 
.595 


Mack . . . . 
Stahl.. .  . 
Mack  . . . . 
Mack...  . 
Carrigan, 
Carrigan . 
Rowland . 
Barrow.  . 


a 

s 

O 

8 
8 
S 
S 
8 
8 
8 
8 


AMERICAN  LEAGUE  AVERAGES. 
CLUB  FIELDING. 


Club. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

D.P. 

P.B.I 

Club. 

G. 

131 
128 
130 
130 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

D.P. 

P.B. 

Boston 

120 
126 
124 
125 

3360 
3477 
3373 
3337 

1726 
1710 
1561 
1663 

153 
162 
168 
191 

.971 
.970 
.967 
.963 

91 

136 

97 

84 

9 
11 
13 
13 

Cleveland 

Detroit 

AVashington 

Philadelphia 

3479 
3478 
3682 
3460 

1728 
1624 
1691 
1846 

206 
213 
229 

227 

.962 
.960 
.959 
.959 

87 

79 

92 

142 

u 

New  York 

Chicaeo     

15 

18 

St.  Louis 

7 

Triple  Play — New  York. 
INDIVIDUAL  FIELDING  TEN  OR  MORE  GAMES— FIRST  TEN  EACH  POSITION. 


FIRST  Basemen. 

G. 

P.O.,   A. 

E. 

Pet.   1         First  Basexu.v. 

G.  P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Hoblitzel,  Boston 

Gandil,  Chicago 

19 
114 

209!      15 
1123       64 

1 
10 

9 
13 

1 

.996 
.992 
.992 
.990 

Johnston,  Cleveland 

Pipp,  New  York 

73    738 
91    918 
30    322 
37    367 
25    263 

40 
61 
11 
19 
9 

9 

12 

4 

5 

4 

.989 
.988 

94  1066      71 

114  1244      97 

10      86      10 

.988 

Slsler,  St.  Louis 

HeilmK.n.  Dpf.roit.  .... 

.987 

Johns,  St.  Louis 

.990  1  Griggs,  Detroit 

.980 

Second  Basemen. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Second  Basemen. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Turner,  Cleveland 

Gedeon,  St.  Louis 

E.  Collins,  Chicago 

Pratt,  New  York 

Shean.  Boston 

26 
123 

96 
126 
115 

44 
309 
231 
340 
241 

77 
409 
285 
386 
341 

1 
17 
14 
23 
20 

.992 
.977 
.974 
.969 
.967 

Morgan,  Washington 

Coffey,  Detroit-Boston.  .  . 

Rlsberg,  Chicigo 

Wambsganss,  Cleveland .  . 
Shanks,  Washington 

80 
28 
12 
87 
47 

172 

63 

28 

204 

130 

251 

75 

40 

261 

136 

18 

6 

3 

23 

14 

.959 
.958 
.958 
.962 
.950 

THIRD  Basemen. 


Mclnnis,  Boston. . . 
Stansbury,  Boston. 
Halt.  Cleveland .  .  . 
Baker,  New  York. . 
Turner,  Cleveland . 


G.  ,P.O.  A.  I  E. 


231  34 
18  12 
14  11 
128  175 
46l  33 


42;  1 

371  1 

22  1 

282 I  13 

93'  4 


Pet. 


THIRD  Bascmen. 


.987   F.  Thomas,  Bo.ston.  .  . 

.9801  Weaver,  Chica.io 

.9761  .Gardner,  Philadelphia. 

.9721 ;  Cochran,  Boston 

9691 'Coffey,  Boston. 


G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

41 

64 

97 

6 

11 

10 

18 

1 

127 

1.58 

291 

17 

23 

13 

38 

2 

14 

U 

31 

2 

Pet. 


.968 
.966 
.964 
.962 
.965 


SHORT  Stops. 

G.  P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Short  Stops. 

G. 

P.O. 

A.      E. 

Pet. 

McBrlde,  Washington. . . . 
Scott,  Boston 

14  29 
126  270 
122    260 

.30      59 

'i8     191 

45 
419 
439 

76 

r.io 

1 
17 
28 

8 
33 

.987 
.976 
.961 
.944 
.941 

Ward,  New  York 

11 

67 
128 
128 

84 

12 
117 
321 
280 
211 

20 
158 
398 
364 
281 

2 
18 
49 
48 
37 

.941 
.939 

Pecklnpaugh,  New  York. . 

Risberg,  Chicago 

Vi'f.ivpr,  Chicago 

Chapman.  Cleveland 

O.  Bush.  Detroit 

Dugan,  Philirtclphia 

.936 
.931 
.930 

Sporting  Records — Continued. 


495 


B  ASE  B  A  LL, — Continued. 


Outfielders,  First  25. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

IS. 

Pet. 

OUTFIELDERS.  FIRST  23. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Jackson,  Chicago 

Hyatt,  New  York 

Ward  Miller,  Boston 

17 
25 
10 

113 
65 
35 

114 

127 
93 
45 
28 

127 
92 

36 

43 

10 

230 

108 

103 

259 

277 

226 

77 

35 

352 

230 

1 

3 

0 

13 

4 

4 

16 

14 

14 

2 

2 

15 

20 

0 
0 

0 
3 
2 
2 
6 
7 
6 
2 
1 
10 
7 

1.000 
1.000 
1-000 
.988 
.982 
.982 
.979 
.977 
.976 
.975 
.974 
.973 
.973 

Milan,  Washington 

Kopp,  Philadeljiua 

Tobin,  St.  Louis 

124 
96 

122 
90 
98 
75 
17 

126 
95 

HI 
14 
19 

299 

221 

244 

181 

182 

145 

28 

221 

193 

206 

24 

44 

17 

20 

20 

17 

15 

10 

3 

16 

10 

15 

0 

3 

9 
7 
8 
6 
6 
5 
1 
9 
8 
9 
1 
2 

.972 
.972 
.971 

Strunk,  Boston 

Hendryx,  St.  Louis 

Good,  Chicago 

Bodie,  New  York 

Jamicson,  Phihideii>liia.  .  . 

Schulte.  Washington 

Bescher,  Cleveland 

Hooper,  Boston 

.971 
.970 
.969 

Leibold,  Chicago 

.969 

Veach  Detroit 

963 

Cobb   Detroit 

Wood,  Clevelaml 

Gilhooley,  New  York ..... 

Hutnmell,  New  York 

Caldwell,  New  York 

.962 

Graney,  Cleveland 

Oldring,  Philadelphia 

Speaker,  Cleveland 

J.  Collins,  Chicago 

.961 
.960 
.959 

Catchers. 

G.  |P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Catchers. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Perkins,  Philadelphia 

O'Neill,  Cleveland 

Stanage,  Detroit 

Nunamiiker,  St.  Louis.  .  .  . 
Schalk,  Chicago 

61 

113 

47 

80 

106 

201 
409 
188 
315 
422 

103 
154 
54 
108 
114 

3 

10 

5 

9 

12 

.990 
.983 
.980 
.979 
.978 

Alnsmith,  Washington. . . . 

Hannah,  New  York 

Spencer,  Detroit 

Agnew,  Boston 

Mayer,  Boston 

89 
88 
48 
72 
23 

413 
343 
153 
254 
63 

131 
111 

46 
104 

18 

14 
12 

7 
13 

3 

.975 
.974 
.966 
.965 
.964 

PITCHERS. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Pitchers. 

G. 

P.O. 

A. 

E. 

Pet. 

Russell,  Clilcago 

Finneran,  New  York 

Keating,  New  York 

Shocker,  St.  Louis 

Thorraahlen,  New  York . . . 

19 
28 
15 
14 
16 

2 
4 
3 
8 
1 

28 
35 
13 
25 
34 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1.000 
1.000 
1.000 
1.000 
1.000 

Geary,  Philadelphia 

Leifleld,  St.  Louis 

Groom,  Cleveland 

Robinson,  New  York 

Mogridge,  New  York 

10 
15 
14 
11 
45 

1 
2 
0 

1 
13 

21 
23 
14 
13 
76 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

1.000 
1.000 
1.000 
1.000 
.989 

PITCHING  RECORDS. 


PITCHER  AND  CLUB. 

No. 
G. 

Ins. 
P. 

A.B. 
Op. 

H.B  O. 

R.By 
Op. 

E. 

Av.  E. 
Per  G. 

B.B. 

S.O. 

Hit 
Btsn. 

W. 
P. 

Bk 

11 
39 

w 

38 
29 
44 
36 
35 
35 
20 
24 
45 
6 
30 
27 
41 
16 
12 
18 
15 
19 
29 
46 
30 
29 
28 
16 
15 
10 
39 
39 
33 
11 
24 
38 
21 
30 
27 
13 
29 
31 
27 
29 
22 
38 
19 
30 
10 
19 
15 
32 
28 
18 
14 

81 
325 

68 

95 
311 
209 
332 
273 
244 
293 
166 
184 
230 

51 
137 

72 
241 
113 

94 
111 

67 
125 
146 
280 
215 
204 
183 

87 
106 
126 
259 
218 
250 

48 
177 
229 

67 
199 
140 

80 
141 
180 
141 
154 
151 
138 
124 
181 

42 
122 

48 
169 
128 

95 

43 

286 

1149 
239 
330 

1142 
740 

1196 
996 
858 

1043 
584 
657 
881 
176 
495 
258 
881 
391 
337 
405 
242 
464 
553 

1026 
787 
747 
686 
325 
363 
469 
982 
818 
925 
175 
664 
817 
246 
716 
514 
290 
542 
667 
520 
554 
512 
511 
471 
682 
158 
455 
164 
604 
495 
357 
184 

70 
241 

57 

69 
261 
152 
295 
241 
182 
230 
125 
151 
232 

38 
130 

58 
201 

85 

81 

99 

61 
117 
148 
284 
190 
176 
180 

94 

76 
119 
264 
215 
243 

47 
173 
207 

60 
180 
131 

74 
154 
182 
139 
148 
136 
148 
126 
178 

42 
127 

39 
164 
156 
101 

70 

23 
71 
20 
26 
90 
64 
97 
88 

■  77 
94 
51 
66 
78 
13 
44 
24 
88 
39 
32 
39 
23 
45 
54 

108 
87 
69 
77 
37 
32 
51 
98 
91 

105 
21 
69 
92 
35 
85 
68 
44 
60 
84 
68 
66 
76 
73 
63 
91 
30 
68 
27 
95 
69 
66 
42 

11 

46 
13 
19 
63 
45 
73 
64 
59 
72 
41 
46 
58 
13 
36 

6o 
31 
26 
31 
19 
36 
42 
82 
63 
60 
54 
26 
32 
38 
78 
69 
83 
16 
60 
78 
23 
69 
49 
28 
50 
65 
51 
56 
55 
53 
48 
73 
17 
51 
21 
83 
63 
49 
34 

1.22 
1.28 
1.72 
1,80 
1,83 
1.94 
1.98 
2.11 
2.18 
2.21 
2.22 
2.25 
2.27 
2.30 
2.37 
2.38 
2.43 
2.47 
2.49 
2.51 
2.56 
2.59 
2.59 
2.64 
2.64 
2.65 
2.66 
2.G9 
2.72 
2.72 
2.75 
2.84 
2.99 
3.00 
3.05 
3.07 
3.09 
3,12 
3.15 
3.15 
3.20 
3.25 
3.26 
3.28 
3.28 
3.46 
3.46 
3.63 
3.65 
3.76 
3.93 
4.42 
4.43 
4.65 
7.12 

23 
70 
15 
40 
76 
67 

111 
91 

104 
81 
49 
70 
43 
7 
29 
29 
90 
52 
29 
18 
19 
33 
28 
79 
77 
67 
74 
31 
47 
53 
39 
63 
58 
16 
62 

116 
38 
67 
28 
28 
51 
69 
73 
49 
51 
40 
61 
76 
27 
68 
30 
97 
43 
42 
18 

26 

162 
17 
33 
87 
71 
81 

125 
78 

114 
40 
44 
62 
22 
38 
29 

129 
22 
48 
25 
22 
38 
27 
58 

123 
63 
47 
22 
30 
47 
98 
65 
73 
14 
59 
95 
15 
63 
39 
25 
40 
60 
64 
29 
34 
48 
48 
70 
8 
42 
16 
39 
36 
17 
8 

0 
8 
1 
1 
4 
3 
2 
3 
8 
11 
2 
8 
8 
0 
5 
0 
1 
6 
3 
5 
2 
0 
2 
2 

i 

4 
3 
5 
2 
2 
7 
9 
3 
1 

10 
1 
5 
5 
3 
1 
7 
5 
3 
2 
5 
6 
1 
1 
6 
2 

12 
3 
4 
1 

2 
8 
0 
2 
2 
0 
4 
5 
13 
6 
3 
6 
1 
1 
5 
1 

0 

W,  Johnson,  Washington 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

H  Harper,  Washington 

0 

0 

I 

S  Jonfts   Boston    .           .        

0 

MoETidizp   New  York          

1 

Ouinn   (.!)hicaff0        .           

1 

(»■ 

0 

10    3 

Thormn-hlfn    Npw  York            

4 
0 
0 
0 

2 
1 
2 
4 
1 
0 
1 
2 
7 
2 
2 
5 
1 
1 
4 
0 
1 
2 
2 
0 
3 
1 
1 
3 
1 
2 
7 
1 
2 
0 
3 
2 
6 
0 

0 

"Eriokson    Dptroit      .                

I 

Wrtffht   St   Louis    .  .               

0 

Lelflpld   St   Louis 

0 

0 

0 

0 

TVforton    C'lpvpland                        

0 

Roland    Dptroit                     

0 

0 

0 

William.s   Chicago 

0 

0 

Cicotte   Chicaeo 

0 

Avpr«i    \V.i-shinfftou                   

0 

Raiiss    Df^troit                       

0 

Robinson,  New  York 

Caldwell,  New  York 

Love   New  York               

0 
0 

1 

c\    lonp'i    T^ptroit                  

0 

0 

0 

0 

Ooiimbp   dlpvpland           

0 

0 

A    "Rii^isspn    IvIpw  York                         

0 

0 

Wat«mTi    Philadplnhia                          

0 

"Dnnfortli    Ohioaeo                          

0 

OalMn    St    Louis                     

u 

KflUif>    DptTolt                         

0 

0 

0 

ICpat1n<»    ^o'^  York                        

0 

Adams   Philadplnhia            

0 

0 

IVIvpra   Philadfilnhla      

0 

Groom.  Cleveland 

0 

496 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


BASEBALL — Continued. 


CLUB  BATTING. 

Club. 

G. 

A.B. 

R. 

Op.  R. 

H. 

T.B. 

2B. 

3B. 

H.  R. 

S.H. 

S.B. 

B.B. 

S.O. 

Pet. 

Cleveland.         

129 
123 
130 
126 
124 
128 
126 
130 

4163 
4016 
4470 
4235 
4129 
4227 
3986 
4276 

504 
426 
461 
493 

457 
481 
474 
412 

447 
448 
412 
475 
446 
552 
380 
538 

1085 
1042 
1143 
1085 
1057 
1063 
991 
1039 

1422 
1290 
1409 
1395 
1325 
1355 
1304 
1317 

176 
153 
156 
160 
136 
141 
159 
124 

67 
40 
49 
45 
64 
56 
53 
44 

9 

5 

4 

20 

8 

13 

16 

22 

170 
176 
134 
171 
164 
143 
193 
130 

171 
133 
139 

92 
134 
125 
110 

82 

492 
399 
367 
372 
376 
452 
404 
348 

390 
334 
361 
S72 
349 
384 
322 
489 

?.61 

St.  Louis 

.259 
?5fi 

New  York 

•?,;>(> 

Chlcaeo 

.256 

Detroit 

?,51 

?49 

Philadeiphla 

.243 

INDIVIDUAL   BATTING — TEN  OR 

MORE  GAME3- 

-FIRST   FIFTY. 

Player  and  Club. 

G. 

A.B. 

R. 

H. 

T.B. 

2B. 

3B. 

H.  R. 

S.H. 

SB. 

B.B. 

S.O. 

Pet. 

Cobb,  Detroit 

Ill 

28 

17 

130 

27 

114 

25 

14 

127 

126 

91 

112 

95 

52 

91 

119 

87 

22 

114 

18 

65 

128 

126 

93 

38 

127 

129 

106 

116 

127 

88 

117 

15 

13 

122 

112 

97 

79 

70 

36 

12 

126 

75 

103 

10 

117 

114 

89 

128 

71 

421 

99 

65 

505 

100 

452 

60 

34 

471 

504 

349 

420 

317 

171 

286 

422 

315 

61 

414 

34 

151 

503 

474 

267 

104 

463 

519 

375 

405 

499 

219 

464 

36 

18 

480 

427 

330 

286 

235 

98 

29 

477 

287 

365 

33 

423 

439 

286 

446 

214 

83 
11 

9 
61 

9 
09 
12 

1 
73 
65 
48 
37 
50 
23 
36 
41 
34 

5l 
5 
14 
56 
81 
35 
10 
50 
70 
53 
45 
59 
22 
44 
6 
1 
59 
59 
51 
34 
32 
8 
2 
65 
43 
30 
4 
40 
49 
28 
84 
24 

161 

36 

23 

178 

35 

154 

20 

11 

150 

154 

106 

126 

95 

51 

85 

125 

93 

18 

122 

10 

44 

146 

137 

77 

30 

132 

147 

106 

114 

139 

61 

129 

10 

5 

133 

118 

91 

79 

65 

27 

8 

131 

79 

100 

9 

115 

119 

77 

119 

57 

217 

44 

32 

236 

43 

199 

24 

14 

205 

206 

145 

148 

176 

60 

100 

170 

112 

23 

175 

10 

57 

174 

192 

97 

39 

169 

166 

154 

150 

195 

84 

150 

11 

5 

162 

144 

109 

116 

75 

34 

10 

170 

101 

143 

15 

137 

145 

97 

157 

74 

19 

8 

2 

22 

6 

21 

2 

3 

33 

24 

15 

12 

26 

3 

9 

22 

15 

1 

20 

0 

10 

18 

26 

14 

3 

22 

13 

21 

23 

21 

14 

17 

1 

0 

19 

13 

8 

10 

7 

3 

2 

19 

14 

18 

2 

11 

18 

10 

19 

14 

14 
0 
2 
9 
1 
9 
1 
0 

11 
5 
9 
5 

11 
3 

I 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 
5 

13 
3 
3 
6 
3 

12 
5 

13 
3 
2 
0 
0 
5 
5 
2 
6 
0 
2 
0 
7 
4 

11 
2 
4 
4. 

5 
8 
0 

3 
0 
1 
6 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
6 
2 
0 

11 
0 
0 
5 
0 
0 

11 
0 
1 
0 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 

1 
1 

3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
2 

f 
0 
0 
2 
0 
1 
0 
1 
0 
0 

1 
1 

9 

2 

5 

8 

3 

9 

0 

0 

11 

12 

14 

19 

3 

10 

12 

20 

17 

1 

10 

2 

4 

7 

16 

9 

4 

16 

12 

12 

19 

17 

11 

13 

2 

0 

17 

12 

22 

8 

14 

1 

0 

23 

14 

15 

1 

32 

10 

19 

35 

12 

34 
2 
3 
8 
7 

45 
3 
0 

27 
8 

11 

29 
6 
4 
6 
8 

16 
3 
8 
0 
2 

26 

24 
5 
1 
9 

12 

35 

10 

21 
5 

12 
1 
0 

13 
7 

22 

13 
7 
0 
0 

12 
7 
7 
1 

10 

9 

13 

30 
9 

41 
10 

8 
23 

7 
40 
17 

3 
64 
38 
22 
11 
57 
18 
22 
36 
21 
11 
41 

6 
13 
36 
75 
47 

9 
43 
41 
53 
38 
35 
37 
14 

4 

0 
48 
53 
73 
35 
25 

6 

0 
35 
17 
17 

1 
19 
27 

13 
84 
20 

21 

5 

1 

25 

7 

17 

5 

9 

9 

13 

34 

24 

58 

11 

18 

3.S 

21 

8 

44 

5 

23 

14 

25 

36 

15 

22 

20 

41 

35 

23 

35 

21 

5 

0 

26 

24 

13 

10 

26 

11 

4 

26 

10 

19 

0 

10 

19 

16 

40 

9 

.382 

Grlffffs.  Detroit 

.364 

Jackson,  Chicago 

.354 

Bums,  Philadelpliia 

.352 

Fournier,  New  York 

.350 

Slsler,  St.  Louis 

.341 

.333 

Shocker,  St.  Louis 

.324 

Speaker,  Cleveland ' 

.319 

Baker   New  York 

.306 

PiDn  New  York 

.304 

Wf^avpr   Chicaeo 

.300 

Puth  Boston 

.300 

Acosta.  Washington-Philadelphia 

MurDhv   Chicaco 

.293 
.297 

Wood,  Cleveland 

.296 

Wambspanss,  Cleveland 

.295 

Hummell,  New  York 

.295 

Walker,  Philadelphia 

.294 

Wright,  St.  Louis 

.294 

Caldwell,  New  York • 

291 

Milan,  Washington 

.290 

Hooper  Boston 

.289 

Schulte,  Washington 

?88 

Mavs,  Boston 

2S8 

Gardner,  Philadelphia 

.285 

Foster,  Washington 

.283 

Roth,  Cleveland 

283 

Demmitt,  St.  Louis 

.281 

Veach,  Detroit 

.279 

Hendryx,  St.  Louis. 

.279 

Lavan,  Washington 

.278 

?7« 

Dyer,  Detroit 

?.7S 

Tobin,  St.  Louis 

.277 

Gilhooley,  New  York 

.276 

E.  Collins,  Chicago 

.276 

Heilman,  Detroit 

.276 

McMulUn,  Chicago 

276 

L.  J.  Bush,  Boston 

?76 

Miller,  Boston 

.276 

Pratt,  New  York 

.275 

R.  Jones,  Detroit 

.275 

J.  Collins,  Chicago 

.274 

Mostll,  Chicago 

273 

Mclnnls,  Boston 

.272 

Gandil,  Chicago 

.271 

E.  Smith,  St.  Louis 

269 

Chapman,  Cleveland 

.267 

Whlteman,  Boston 

.267 

Pacific  Coast  League. 


AV. 
Los  Angeles. 5 


L. 
2 


T. 
0 


Pet 

.714     Venion. 


W. 
2 


L. 

5 


T. 
0 


Pet. 
.286 


MAJOR  LEAGUE  RECORDS  FOR  1918. 

National  Leagxje.      Final 

Standing   September  2.  | 

AMERICAN  League. 

Final  Standing  September  2. 

Clubs. 

6 

2 

§ 

u 
CI 

1 

% 

s 

0, 
■33 
■o 

'a 

0 

s 

.a 

3 
0 

e3 

g 

0 

Clubs. 

1 

■a 
S 
> 

a 

i 

to 

0 

1 

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& 

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0 

6 

1 
2 

1 

2 
2 

1 

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s 

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0 

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W 

Ch 

n 

03 

0 

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pa 

0 

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m 

u 

w 

fc 

0 

Ph 

CtJcago 

14 

10 

10 

9 

12 

14 

16 

84 

.651 

Boston 

10 

7 

6 

14 

12 

13 

13 

75 

.595 

New  York... 

6 

7 

8 

12 

10 

16 

13 

71 

.673 

Cleveland .  .  . 

10 

8 

11 

10 

11 

10 

13 

73 

.566 

Cincinnati .  .■ . 

7 

12 

4 

12 

12 

8 

13 

68 

.531 

Washington.. 

7 

11 

11 

7 

13 

11 

12 

72 

.562 

Pittsburgh... 

8 

11 

12 

9 

7 

9 

9 

65 

.520 

New  York. . . 

11 

7 

8 

10 

6 

10 

8 

60 

.488 

Brooklyn .... 

10 

« 

6 

10 

9 

6 

8 

57 

.452 

St.  Louis 

5 

« 

12 

10 

6 

10 

12 

60 

.484 

Philadelphia . 

6 

3 

7 

11 

8 

12 

8 

55 

.447 

Chicago 

7 

10 

6 

12 

5 

6 

11 

57 

.460 

Boston 

6 

1 

.10 

10 

8 

7 

12 

53 

.427 

Detroit 

5 

3 

9 

9 

10 

10 

9 

55 

.437 

3t.  Louis .... 

3 

4 

8 

7 

11 

11 

7 

51 

.395 

Philadelphia. 
Games  Lost. . 

6 

7 

6 

4 

8 

10 

11 

52 

.407 

.^?ames  Lost. . 

45 

53 

60 

60 

69 

68 

71 

78 

51 

56 

56 

63 

64 

67 

71 

76 

. 

1 

Note — In  above  a 

e  11 

icluded  two  ga 

mes 

claimed 

' 

by  St.  Louis  I 

jy  f 

Drfe 

t  !r 

om 

Cle 

ifela 

nd. 

Sporting  Records— (Continued. 


497 


BASE  BALL — Coniinvecl. 


MINOR  LEAGUE  RECORDS  FOR  1918. 


AMERICAN 

Association. 

Final  Standing  on  July 

21 

.2 

m 

d" 
o 

n 

VI 

o 

o 

O 

r% 

Clubs. 

i 

a 

3 
O 

O 

1 

d 

1 

1 

C3 

•3 

CO 

s 

a 
a 

s 

o 
■a 
o 
o 
H 

o 

g 
O 

Kansas  City . 

6 

4 

9 

7 

7 

2 

4 

44 

.595 

Columbus .  . . 

4 

6 

4 

5 

8 

3 

11 

41 

■64y 

Indianapolis.. 

4 

8 

8 

3 

3 

6 

9 

41 

.547 

LouisviUe. . . . 

1 

7 

6 

6 

7 

6 

10 

43 

.644 

Milwaukee. . . 

4 

3 

5 

4 

4 

10 

8 

38 

.521 

St.  Paul 

7 

2 

0 

3 

8 

8 

5 

39 

.606 

Minneapolis. . 

6 

6 

3 

4 

4 

5 

7 

34 

.447 

Toledo 

6 

2 

4 

4 

2 

4 

2 

23 

.299 

Games  Lost. , 

30 

34 

34 

36 

35 

38 

42 

54 

Pacific  Coast 

League. 

Final   Standing  July    14. 

"' 

§ 

o 

o  1 

o 

a 

is 

*^ 

tf 

(3 

iA 

y 

■o 

a 

Clubs. 

§ 

< 

m 

p 

g 

s 

s 

o 

O 

c^ 

'n 

ci 

a) 

> 

I-; 

ai 

m 

m 

o 

0 

|1< 

♦Vernon 

8 

14 

4 
14 

9 
14 

13 

7 

18 
14 

58 
57 

563 

»Lo8  Angeles 

.548 

San  Francisco 

10 

7 

9 

13 

12 

51 

.500 

Salt  Lake       

11 

6 

12 

7 

11 
12 

11 

8 

12 

49 
48 

.■iOO 

Sacramento 

.600 

Oakland     

10 

7 

10 

6 

7 

40 

3H8 

Games  Lost 

45 

47 

51 

49 

48 

63 

*Los  Anaeles  won  pennant  in  play-off  5  games  to  2. 


INTERNATIONAL   LEAGUE, 

Final  Standing  September  2. 


W. 

L. 

P.C. 

W. 

L. 

P.C- 

Toronto .... 

.88 

41 

.682 

Rochester. . 

.59 

61 

.492 

Bingham  ton 

.84 

40 

.677 

Buffalo 

.hi) 

68 

.424 

Baltimore. . . 

.75 

52 

.691 

Hamilton. . 

.39 

74 

.345 

Newark .... 

,65 

62 

.512 

Jersey  City 

.30 

32 

.246 

Eastern 

League. 

Final  Standing  July  21. 

W.    L.    P.C. 

W. 

L. 

P.C- 

New  London 

.46     12    .793 

Hartford . . 

.28 

24 

.  538 

Bridgeport. . 

.44     12    .786 

Springfield. 

.21 

35 

.375 

Providence. . 

.34     22    .607 

Waterbury. 

.12 

43 

.218 

New  Haven. 

.30     25   ,545 

Worcester. . 

.    7 

49 

.125 

Western  LEAcyB. 
Final  Standing  July  7. 


W.  L.  P.C. 

Wichita 41  24  .631 

Hutchinson ,  ,  37  3 1  .  544 

Des  Moines., 36  31  .637 

Joplin 34  31  .523 


W.  L.  P.C. 

Omaha 33  32  .608 

Okla.  City.. 33  37  .471 

St.  Joseph.. 30  38  .441 

Siou.x  City.. 22  42  .344. 


Pacific   Coast   International  League. 
Final  Standing  July  7. 


W.    L.    P.C. 

Seattle 40     28   .590 

Portland 37     28   .569 


W. 

Aberdeen. .  .31 
Vancouver.. 26 


L.  P.C. 
36  .463 
41   .392 


Texas  League. 
Final  Standing  July  7. 

Dallas 

Ft.  Worth. 
Waco 

W.    L.   P.C. 
..52     37   .584 
..47     39    .547 
..45     40   .529 

W. 
San  Antonlo.43 

Houston 38 

Shreveport. .  35 

L. 

45 
46 
53 

P.C 
.489 
.452 
.398 

Southern  Association. 
Final  Standing  June  28. 


W. 

New  Orleans. 49 
Little  Rock.  .41 

Mobile 35 

Birmingham..  33 


L. 
21 

28 
32 
31 


P.C. 
.700 
.594 
.522 
.516 


W. 
Chattanooga35 
Memphis.  ..32 
Na.shvllle...30 
Atlanta 18 


L.    P.C. 

34  .507 
38  .457 
40  .429 
49   .269 


BATTING  AND  FIELDING  AVERAGES. 
TEXAS  LEAGUE. 


TEAM  Batting. 

Pitching  Records — First  Fifteen. 

G.      AB.      R.      H.      TB.       SB.      Pet. 

Waco 88     2837     364     720     979     122     .263 

Fort  Worth.. 89     2797     320     698     858     123     .249 
San  Antonio.. 89     2759     339     676     852     108     .249 

Dallas 91     2867     357     696     941       90      .242 

Houston 86     2675     272     649     813       72      .242 

Shrevei'ort...87     2749     261     642     861       91     .233 

Player— Club.            Inn.    H.    ER.  BB.    SO.  ERG. 
Ross,  San  Antonio ...  .   93       70     14     31     56     1.40 
Wachtel,  Ft,  Worth,,  ,   74       54     15     18     36     1.87 

Matteson,  Dallas 205     140     43     60   102     2.09 

Lee,  Ft,  Worth 166     134     38     49     78     2.11 

Jacobus,  Ft.  Worth....  119       92     28     35     35     2.16 

Fulton,  Waco 56       50     13       7     24     2.17 

Napier,  Shreveport...,  153     124     37     41     95     2.17 

Smithson,  Houston 135     109     33     80     61     2.20 

Hoffman,  Houston 29       24       7     12       6     2 .  33 

Team  Fielding. 

PO.        A.       E.       TC.     DP.     Pet. 

Dallas 2353     1178     117     3648     57     .967 

Fort  Worth 2340     1210     130     3680     62     .964 

Houston 2219     1078     127     3424     47      .962 

Waco 2306     1017     139     3462     68      .959 

Shreveport 2322     1080     146     3548     51      .958 

San  Antonio 2283     1214     162     3566     46      .956 

Whlttaker,  Ft.  Worth..  108       83     29     26     39     2.41 
Mullins,  San  Amtonio .   98     102     27     27     27     2.45 

Martina,  Houston 189     178     54     60  115     2.57 

Hardin,  Ft.  Worth 157     135     44     50     41     2.69 

Sims,  Waco 110       93     31     39     47     2.60 

Lewis,  Dallas 159     134     47     60     79     2.61 

Individual  Fielding — First  Five. 

Individual  Batting — First  Taventy. 

First  Basemen. 

Player— Club.                     G.     PO.     A.     E.     Pet. 

Jackson,  Ft.  Worth 9       83         2       0  1 .  000 

Schliebner,  Dallas 91     943       29       7     .984 

Pahlman,  Waco-Shreve.  . .   87     865       53       5     .990 

McLarry,  Shreveport 11       73       18       1      .989 

Sykes,  San  Antonio 89     814       46       9     .989 

Player— Club.       G.    AB.    R.    H.    TB.  SB.    Pet. 

Nokes,  DaUas 55     192     26     64     84       8     .333 

Tullos,  Shreveport.. 35     108     17     35    46       7     .324 

HIett,  Houston 16       51       4     16     19       0     .314 

Sicking,  San  An.... 63     221     36     68     95     12     .308 
Kraft,  Fort  Worth .  70     240     60     74  106       9     .  308 
Jackson,  Ft.  Worth.69     243     25     74  101       6     .  305 

Ens,  Dallas 91     337     67   102   144     14     .303 

McCarty,  Houston. 80     254     44     77     92       9     .303 

Mattlck,  Dallas 91     318     48     96  121     11     ,302 

Blttle,  Ft.  Worth ..  82     269     31     81     95     26     .301 

Mokan,  Waco 69     239     69     72   125     15     .301 

Kinney,  Dallas 61     143     18     43     68       5     .301 

James,  Waco 88     311     38     92  132       7     .296 

Davis,  Waco 28       71       4     21     26       2     .296 

Wilk'son,  Shrev'pt .  60     189     26     66     70       6     .296 
Sylvester,  Waco. ...  18       58     10     17     21       3     .293 
Woodall.  Ft.Worth.39     113     11     33     40       4     .292 
8tellbauer,Houston.76     247     22     72    90      4     .291 
Sewell,  Shreveport..  11       35       2     10    41       0     .286 
McLarry,  Shrev'pt. 29       84     12     24     36       6     .286 

Second  Basemen. 

Player— Club.                     G.     PO.     A.     E.      Pet- 
Palmer,  Dallas 31       75       87       4     .976 

Atz,  Ft.  Worth 9        19       21        1      .976 

Perry,  San  Antonio 77     194     179     12     .969 

Wilkerson,  Shreveport 26       64       51       5     .958 

O'Rourke,  Dallas 51       98     124     10     .957 

Third  Basemen. 

Player— Club.                     G.     PO.     A.     E.     Pet. 

Duddy,  Waco 54       82       96       8     .957 

Ens,  Dallas 91     127     225     19     .949 

Dodd,  Houston 87     102     200     17      .947 

Murphy,  Shreveport 25       28       52       6     .930 

Tullos,  Shreveport 35       37       78       9     .923 

498 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


BASEBALL — Continued. 


TEXAS  LEAGUE — Continued. 


SHORTST0P8. 

Outfielders. 

Player— Club.                     G. 

Stow,  Ft.  Worth 89 

J.  O'Neil,  Shreveport 30 

Lltschl,  Dallas 66 

McDonald.  Houston 79 

Tanner,  Waco 39 

Catchers 

PO. 

195 
79 
79 

110 
86 

A. 
301 

99 
222 
195 
109 

E. 
16 
6 
13 
16 
16 

Pet. 
.969 
.964 
.959 
.950 
.924 

Player — Club.                     G. 

Atz.  Ft.  Worth 24 

Wilkerson,  Shreveport. ...   24 

White.  Waco 9 

Stellbauer,  Houston 66 

Hungeling,  Shreveport 30 

PITCHER.S. 

PO. 
35 
51 
22 
106 
90 

A. 

1 

11 

1 

8 

12 

E. 
0 
0 
0 

1 
1 

Pet. 

1.000 

1.000 

1.000 

.991 

.991 

Player — Club. 

Pratt,  Dallas 

Woodall   Ft  Worth 

G. 

..    15 
..    37 
..   51 
..   79 
..   65 

PO. 

21 
155 
234 
359 
279 

A. 
3 
31 
61 
107 
76. 

E. 
0 
2 
4 
6 
5 

Pet. 
1.000 
.989 
.987 
.987 
.986 

Player — Club. 

Sewell,  Shreveport 

Pate,  Ft.  Wortii 

G. 

.    12 

7 

.    21 

.      8 
6 

PO. 

0 

1 
1 
3 
4 

A. 
30 
18 
33 

14 
10 

E. 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Pet. 

1.000 
1.000 

Manchester,  Waco 

Noyes,  Houston ,. . . 

Gibson,  San  Antonio .  . 

Compere,  Dallas 

Fulton,  Waco 

Glenn,  Houston 

1.000 
1 .  000 
1.000 

PACIFIC  COAST  INTERNATIONAL  LEAGUE. 


Team  Batting. 

Pitchers. 

G.      AB.      R.      H.      TB.    SB.      Pet. 

Portland 65     2182     330     580     737     152     .266 

Seattle 69     2306     349     611     769     111     .265 

Vancouver... 67     2284     314     684     725     127      .256 

Aberdeen 67     2312     328     687     734       81      .254 

♦Tacoma 22       767     140     204     280       63     .266 

♦Spokane ....  25       843     103     205     244       31      .243 

Player— Club.                      G.     PO.     A.     E.     Pet. 

Eastley,  Aberdeen 17       10     30      0  1.000 

Leroy,  Seattle 14        2     28      0  1.000 

J.  Clayton,  Tacoma 6         2     12       0  1.000 

Menth,  Tacorna 6         2       6       01. 000 

Mitchell,  Portland. .  : 5         4       6       0  1.000 

♦Tacoma  and  Spokane  dropped  May  26th. 

First  Base.men. 

Team  Fielding. 

Player— Club.                        G.     PC.     A.     E.     Pet. 

G.       PO.       A.      E.    DP.    Pet. 

Seattle 69     1829     907     163     49     .943 

Vancouver 67     1753     850     168     47     .940 

Portland 65     1720     798     165     49      .938 

Aberdeen 67     1752     778     197     45     .928 

Kennedy,  Vancouver 5       40      2       0  1.000 

Walters,  Spokane-Vanc •?.-.     234     13     '  3  1 5.i9.88 

Stokkc,  Vancouver Vi     114       7     )2    ,r:984 

Boelzle,  Vnncouver-Aberd. .   32     313     18     ,  6     .982 
Hoffman,  Tucoma 22     208     13       4      .982 

♦Tacoma 22       600     296       52     16     .945 

♦Spokane 25       659     318       62       9      .939 

Second  Ba.semrn. 

♦Tacomj,  and  Spokane  dropped  May  26th. 
INDIVIDUAL  Batting — First  Ten. 

Player— Club.                      G.     PO.     A.     E.     Pet. 

HoUocher,  Spokane 11       35     27       2     .969 

Haney.  Portland 19      37     35       3     .960 

Cable,  Tacoma- Vancouver..  24       76     65      6     .959 

Levine,  Vancouver 8       24     16       2     .052 

Brov/n,  Vancouver 22       56     59       6      .951 

Player — Club        G.    AB.    R.    H.    TB.  SB.    Pet. 
Glpe,  Vancouver...    6       14       4       7       9       0      .500 
Stevens,  Tacoma. ..  19       68     13     25     30       6     .369 

Wolfer,  Vancouver. 39     155     30     57     65     19     .368 

Lee.  Portland 49     192     35     69     92     24      .359 

Silcott,  Aberdeen... 49     198     41     70  108       4     .354 

Leard,  Seattle 44     164    47     58     73     18     .354 

Fltchner.  Vane 5       20       0       7     10       0      .350 

Wilson,  Tac.-Van.  .47     195     32     68  100     23     .349 
Lebourv'u,  Seattle.. 85     263     46     91  108     18     .346 
Spears,  Tacoma.... 22       84     19     29     36     10      .345 

Shortstops. 

Player — Club.                      G.     PO. ,  A.    Oi.-    Pet. 

Pace,  Spokane 12       36     35       3      .  959 

Cook,  Vancouver 16       51     42       3  '  :,904 

Cable,  Tacoma-Vancouver..  20       53   '64     13.  -.900 

Morse,  Aberdeen 55     113  172     SS     .891 

Leathers,  Seattle 63     159  180     4S-    .884 

Player — Club.                                G.     W.     L.     Pet. 

Mitchell.  Portland 5      4       0     1.000 

Menth,  'lacoma 6      3      0     1. 000 

Appleton.  Seattle 6      4       1       .800 

Eastley,  .\berdeen 17     12       5       .706 

Player — Club.                        G.     PO.     A.     E.     Pet. 

French,  Vancouver 5       10       6       0  1 .000 

Murphy,  Seattle 66       92  162     17     .937 

Hamilton,  Vancouver-Seat.   57       93  131     18     .926 
Kibble,  Portland 16       22     40       6     .912 

Individual  Fielding — FmsT  Five. 
Catcher. 

Peterson,  Portland 48       55  103     18      .896 

Outfielders. 

Player— Club.                      G.    PO.    A.      E.    Pet. 

Stevens,  Tacoma 19       68     13       1     .988 

Boelzle,  Vancouver-Aberd. .  26     147     34       3     .984 

Patterson,  Vancouver 9       40     15       1     .982 

Lee,  Portland 32     174     30       4     .981 

McNulty,  Tacoma- Vane. .  .   31     152     32       5     .974 

Player— Club.                      G.     PO.     A.     E.     Pet. 

Carman,  Seattle 63       69     13       0  1.000 

Wolfer,  Vancouver 34       69      4      0  1.000 

Speas,  Tacoma 22       46      7       1    ■  .i981 

Silcott,  Aberdeen 48      90      i      2-  ■■:iU79 

Smith.  Portland 60     115       6       3-    vOrs 

MAJOR    LEAGUE    CLUB    NICKNAMES. 
National  League.  American  League. 


Club. 


New  York. . 
Philadelphia 
St.  Louis.  . . 
Cincinnati. . 
Chicago .... 

Boston 

Brooklyn. . . 
Pittsburgh.. 


Nickname. 


Giants. 

Phillies. 

Cardinals. 

Reds 

Cubs. 

Braves. 

Superbas. 

Pirates. 


Club. 


Chicago .... 

Boston 

Cleveland .  . 

Detroit 

Washington. 
New  York . . 
St.  Louis.  . 
Philadelphia 


Nickname. 


White  Sox. 

Red  Sox. 

Blues. 

Tigers. 

Nationals. 

Yankees. 

Browns. 

Athletics. 


Sporting  Records—Continued. 


499 


BILLIARDS    AND    POOL. 


Seyenteenth  Annual  Class  A  National  Amateur 
18.2  _Balkline  Championslilp,  played  at  Detroit, 
Mich.,  ending  March  9.     Final  standing: 


Platters. 

W. 

L. 

H.  A. 

G.  A. 

H.  R. 

Corwin  Huston,  Detroit. 

.5 

1 

14.29 

9.14 

74 

D.  McAndless.  Jr.,  Chi.. 

4 

2 

10.34 

8.54 

101 

C.Heddon,Dow'ac,Mich. 

4 

2 

12.50 

9.46 

74 

E.  Milbum,  Memphis. .  . 

5 

2 

8.57 

6.98 

49 

C.  White,  Brooltlyn 

2 

4 

8.33 

6.51 

75 

T.  H.  Clarkson,  Boston.. 

1 

5 

8.11 

6.97 

66 

Alex  Elm-slie,  Milwaulcee. 

1 

5 

7.89 

6.43 

39 

TOURNAMENT  TOTALS  AND  AVERAGES. 
Class  B   18.2  Balkline  Championship,   played  at 
New  York  City,  ending  February  22.    Final  standing: 


PLAYERS. 


Charles  E.  White. 

Julian  Rice 

Geo.  T.  Moon,  Jr. 
David  Weiner.  .  .  . 
C.  P.  M.ithews 


w. 

L. 

H.  R.  1 

4 

0 

54 

3 

1 

'41 

2 

2 

34 

1 

3 

30 

0 

4 

49 

H.  Av. 

12     8-16 

6  20-30 
5 

7  11-27 
5  13-27 


Class  C   18.2  Balkline  Championship,  played  at 
New  York  City,  ending  February  9.    Final  standing: 


PLAYERS. 


F*A.  Unger 

R.  McGowan . . 

L.  A.  Servatius. 

J.  Neustadt.  . . . 

G.  W.  Spear 

S.  Brussell..,. .. , 

'•(fi'Lange.  .' 

■'F!  W.  Boyd ... 

A'.  Gardner. ... 


w. 

L. 

H.  R. 

7 

0 

33 

4 

3 

30 

3 

4 

25 

4 

3 

25 

3 

4 

32 

3 

4 

23 

2 

3 

26 

3 

5 

23 

3 

5 

21 

Av. 


5  15-27 

5 

4     1-32 

5 

4  14-34 

4     6-36 

4  )8-23 

5  5-29 
4  19-33 


BPPoggenburg    Memorial    Tournament,    played    at 
New  York   City,  ending  April  4.     Final  standing: 


Players. 

W. 

L. 

H.  R. 

H.  Av. 

O   W    Softar          

3 
2 

1 
0 

0 
1 
2 
3 

21 
28 
19 
54 

4  15-25 

Ij   a    Sprvatius 

6     7-10 

O   R    Lev/is         

3  22-31 

J.  Kiinecr 

7  20-30 

Sixth  Annual  Tournament  National  Amateur 
Pocket  Billiard  (Pool)  Championship,  played  at  New 
York  City,  ending  March  22.     Final  standing: 


Players. 


'f\  H.  Shoemaker. 
.J,  J.  Maloriey .  . . 
•A.  Gardner. ..... 

T.  A.  Plunkett .  . 
C.  M.  Munoz.  .  . 
C.  Shongood .... 

C.  R.  Fulton 

A.  Wickers 


w. 

L. 

7 

0 

5 

2 

4 

3 

4 

3 

2 

5 

3 

4 

2 

5 

1 

6 

H.  R. 


31 
21 
15 
18 
17 
14 
20 
17 


!■  Class  C  Metropolitan  Championship  Tournament, 
played  at  New  York  City,  ending  March  26.  Final 
standing: 


Plai-ers. 

W. 

L. 

H.R. 

H.  Av. 

7 
6 
fi 
5 
5 
4 
3 
1 
0 

1 
2 
3 
3 
3 
4 
5 
7 
8 

24 
27 
30 
28 
23 
23 
30 
21 
23 

5  10-28 

4  22-33 

5  10-28 

Aihprt  Rombere 

4     2-32 

Walter  Jewell •  •  •  * . 

4  10-37 

4  33-39 

3  15-25 

Richard  Howe 

2  34-38 

J.  Jaeger 

3  35-45 

OTHER  MATCHES. 
January    5,    Milwaukee,    Wis. — Frank    Taberskl 
defeated  Ralph  Greenleaf,  450  to  355,  in  a  pocket 
billiard  match  lor  world's  championship.  . ... 


January  13,  Havana,  Cuba — Alfredo  De  Oro  de- 
feated Charles  Otis,  150  to  149,  in  a  three-cushion 
billiard  match  for  world's  championship. 

January  15,  New  York,  N.  Y. — Joseph  Concannon 
defeated  George  Clark,  100  to  91,  in  a  pocket  billiard 
match  for  New  York  State  professional  championship. 

January  20,  Havana,  Cuba — Charles  Olis  de- 
feated Ralmimdo  Companionl,  150  to  117,  in  a 
three-cushion  billiard  match  for  Cuban  champion- 
ship. 

March  15,  Chicago,  lU.— Angle  Kleckhefer  de- 
feated Robert  Cannefax,  150  to  142,  in  a  three- 
cushion  billiard  match  for  world's  championship. 

April  19,  Chicago,  111. — Augie  Kleckhefer  defeated 
Pierre  Maupome,  150  to  145,  in  a  three-cushion 
billiard  match  for  world's  championship. 

May  2,  Boston,  Mass. — T.  H.  Clarkson  ttou  New 
England  Class  A  Balkline  Billiard  Championship, 
defeating  Harry  Parker,  300  to  252,  In  final  game  of 
tournament. 

June  11,  Chicago,  111. — Augie  Kleckhefer  won 
Chicago  Three-cushion  Championship,  defeating 
Robert  Lord,  57  to  35,  in  final  game  of  tournament. 

BEST  RECORD  AVERAGES. 

Professional — 135  1-4  at  18.2,  Willie  Hoppo 
Chicago,  III.,  February  24,  1914;  4C  at  18.1,  Jacob 
Schaefer,  Chicago,  1898;  10  at  straight  cushion- 
caroms,  J.  Schaefer,  New  York,  1883;  37.97  at  cham- 
pion's game,  G.  F.  Slosson,  Paris,  1882;  52  at  14.1, 
George  Sutton,  Baltimore,  Md.,  October  28,  1914. 

Amateur — 57.14  at  14.2,  Calvin  Demarest,  Chi- 
cago, 1908;  33.33  at  18.2,  Lucien  Rerolle,  Paris,  1903. 

BEST  RECORD  RUNS. 

Professional — 312  at  18.2,  Calvin  Demarest,  Chi- 
cago, lU.,  November  16,  1910:  155  at  18.1,  Willie 
Hoppe,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  November  29.  1910;  246 
at  18.2,  Maurice  Vignaux,  Chicago,  1883,  when  rec- 
ord balkline  was  first  played;  306  at  11.1,  Willie 
Hoppe,  New  Yor'i  City,  April  23,  1914;  85  at  s'L,raight 
cushion-caroms,  F.  C.  Ives.  Boston,  1906'  398,  cham- 
pion's game,  Paris,  1882;  2,19()  at  KngUsh  billiards, 
by  George  Gray,  Australia,  at  London,  March  18, 
1911. 

Amateur — 175  at  18.2,  L.  Rerolle,  PariB,  19flS;  202 
at  14.2,  Calvin  Demarest,  Chicago,  1908. 

Thiee  Cushion — Best  run — 18,  Pierre  Maupome, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  September  18,  i914.  In  exnioitlon; 
18,  Charles  Mwln,  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  May  20,  in 
competition. 

POOL. 

Best  run  under  new  rule,  one  ball  always  on 
table — 74,  Morton  Phillips,  Chicago,  ill.,  Fc')ruary 
13,  1913;  in  amateur  city  championship — 59,  Alfredo 
De  Oro,  New  York,  January  8,  1913,  in  piofessional 
championship  match  with  James  Mature. 

Interstate  League  Championship  Tournament, 
season  1917-1918.     final  standing: 


Player  and  City. 

P. 

W. 

L. 

T.P. 

T.I. 

G.  A. 

Pierre  Maupome,  Cleve  . 

56 

42 

14 

2613 

33S7 

771 

John  Lay  ton,  Detroit 

56 

39 

17 

2643 

3507 

754 

Otto  Reiselt,  Phila 

56 

38 

IH 

261V 

351 1 

745 

R.  L.  Cannefax,  St.  Louis 

56 

35 

21 

2596 

379K 

687 

Hugh  Heel,  Toledo 

56 

35 

21 

2537 

3880 

654 

A.  Kleckhefer,  Chicago.  . 

56 

31 

25 

2593 

3235 

802 

W.  R.  Cullen,  Buffalo .  . . 

56 

28 

2K 

2571 

3S71 

548 

Gus.  Copulos,  Pitts 

55 

27 

;-!H 

2343 

3444 

680 

Charles  Ellis,  Milwaukee. 

.■55 

26 

29 

2416 

3459 

698 

Charles  McCourt,  Cleve. 

56 

26 

30 

2413 

3694 

653 

Ray  Palmer,  Detroit .... 

56 

26 

30 

2473 

3834 

645 

George  Moore,  New  York 

55 

23 

32 

2367 

3933 

602 

J.  W.  Capron,  Chicago... 

56 

22134 

2497 

3536 

627 

Clarence  Jackson,  O.  C.  Morningstar,  Charles 
Ryder,  Harry  Cooler,  Tafall  and  Whittemore  did 
not  complete  schedule. 


HANDBALL. 

James  Kelly,  of  New  York,  defeated  Walter  Hess,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  in  a  world's  ehamplonshia 
match,  9  games  to  3,  al  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  27,  1918. 


500 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


TRAP    SHOOTINCi 

The  Interstate  Association's  Nineteenth  Grand  American  Trap  Shooting  Tournament,  Chicago, 
August  5-9.  National  Amateur  Champlonsliip,  at  Singles — *F.  S.  Tomlin,  Penn's  Grove,  N.  J.,  98;  *W. 
H.  Heer,  Guthrie,  Okla.,  98;  Charles  Hijmmell,  Laporte  City,  Iowa,  97;  W.  M.  Foord,  Wilmington,  Del., 
96;  A.  R.  Chezin,  Portal,  N.  D.,  96;  C.  H.  Newcomb,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  96;  F.  M.  Troeh,  Vancouver,  Wash., 
96;  G.  L.  Becker,  Ogden,  Utah,  95.     *  Hear  won  on  shoot-off,  20  to  19. 

National  Amateur  Double  Championship — F.  M.  Troeh,  Vancouver,  Wash.,  90;  J.  6.  Day,  Ceurco, 
Tex.,  88;  C.  C.  Collins,  Kankakee,  111.,  87;  R.  A,  King,  Delta,  Col.,  87;  W.  H.  Heer,  Guthrie,  Okla.,  86. 

Chicago  Overture — A.  R.  Chezin,  Portal,  N.  D.,  99;  B.  F.  Elbert,  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  99;  D.  Fauskee, 
Worthington,  Minn,,  99;  J.  E.  McCurdy,  Sydney,  N.  S.,  98;  J.  D.  Dodds,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  98;  Marc 
Arie,  Thomasboro,  111.,  98;  F.  M.  Troeh,  Vancouver,  Wash.,  98;  G.  A.  Smith,  Marshalltown,  Iowa,  98; 
E.  F.  Woodward,  Houston,  Tex.,  98. 

Women's  Championship  won  by  Mrs.  H.  Almert,  Chicago,  111.;  defeated  Miss  E.  Wettleaf,  Nicholas, 
la.,  19  to  16,  in  shoot-off  of  tie. 

GRAND    AMERICAN   HANDICAP— FIRST   TEN   HIGH    SCORES. 


Yards. 

Score . 

Yards. 

Score . 

•J.  D.  Hpnry,  Elkhart,  Ind 

16 
22 
22 
18 
18 

97 
97 
96 
96 
96 

William  Wettleaf,  Nichols,  Iowa 

E.  J.  Buck,  Davenport,  Iowa 

H.  H.  Otter,  Chicago 

18 
18 
19 
19 
20 

95 

*H.  J.  Pendergast,  Phoenix,  N,  Y 

M.  Arle  Thomasboro,  111.  .          .... 

95 
95 

J.  H.  Black,  Winnipeg,  Canada 

R.  C.  Hains,  West  Frankfort,  111 

W.  Carskaden,  Pittsburgh,  Pa 

O.  Larson,  Waupaca,  Wis 

95 
95 

♦  I'ied  for  first  place. 


On  shoot-oa  Henry  won,  18  to  17. 

PREVIOUS   GRAND    AMERICAN    WINNERS. 


Yr. 

1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
1906 
1907 
1908 


Winner. 


R.  O.  Heikes. . . 

E.  C.  Griffith . 

C.  W.  Floyd 

M.  Diefenderfer . 
R.  D.  Geyteil.  . . 
R.  R.  Barber 

F.  E.  Rogers. . .  . 

J.  F.  Banks 

Fred  Harlow. . .  . 


Where  Held. 


New  York . . .  . 
New  York . . .  . 
New  York. . .  . 
Kansas  City .  . 
Indianapolis.  . 
Indianapolis.  . 
Indianapolis.  . 

Chicago 

Columbus .  .  .  . 


Yards. 

Score . 

YR. 

22 

91 

1909 

19 

95 

1910 

18 

91 

1911 

16 

94 

1912 

19 

96 

1913 

16 

99 

1914 

17 

94 

1915 

17 

96 

1916 

16 

92 

1917 

Winner. 


Fred  Sliattuck.. . 
Riley  Thompson, 
Harve  Dixon, . . , 
W.  E.  Phillips..  . 
M.  S,  Hootman. , 
W.  Henderson..  , 

L.  B.  Clark 

J.  P.  Wolf 

C.  H.  Larson. , .  , 


Where  Held. 


Chicago.  . . 
Chicago.  .  . 
Columbus . 
Springfield. 
Dayton.  .  . 
Dayton .  .  . 
Chicago. . . 
St.  Louis.  . 
Chicago . . . 


Yards.  Score 


18 
19 
20 
19 
17 
22 
18 
19 
20 


96 
100 
99  <» 
96 
97 
98 
96 


STATE    CHAMPIONSHIP    WINNERS,    1918. 

;     r     V, 

State. 

Champion. 

Score , 

STATE. 

Champion. 

Score. 

Alabama 

W.  A.  Leach 

98 
99 
97 
100 
93 
95 
98 
91 
99 
99 
98 
98 
99 
97 
99 

99 
97 
100 
93 
97 
94 
97 

E.  W.  Penfro 

J.  A.  Nelson 

99 

Arizona 

D.  E.  Morrell 

J.  E.  Chatfield 

Fred  Blair 

Nebraska 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

98 

Arkansas 

California-Nevada ,  .  . 

Elmer  E.  Reed 

F.  S.  Tomlin 

95 
OS 

R.  A.  King 

H.  J.  Pendergast 

C.  C.  Bates 

A.  R.  Chezik 

99 

Connecticut 

Dr.  B.  F.  Bishop 

W.  M.  Ford 

97  • 

97 

J.  A.  Hansborough 

.1.  M.  Barrett 

.1.  E.  Cain 

97 

W.  H.  Heer 

99 

Guy  Chelsman 

Frank  Templeton 

C.  H.  Newcomb 

\V.  J.  Weaver 

R.  G.  McCante 

E.  T.  Myers.  .;...... 

97 

Illinois 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

97 

Indiana 

G    R    Shuck 

93 

Charles  Hummell 

E.  W.  Arnold 

W.  H.  Hall 

94 

98 

Kentucky 

3.  F.  Duncan 

H..E.  Woodward 

G.  L.  Becker 

95  .  . 

Louisiana — No  State  t 

ournament, 

O.  P.  Weymouth 

H.  D.  Morgan 

George  L,  Osborne 

J.  L.  Brvaut   

98  r  . 

Alaine 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

98'  .. 

Maryland-Dis.  of  Col , 
Massacliusetta 

D.  M.  Barclay 

R.  A.  Hall 

95 
97 

Michigan 

Washington     ....'. 

F.  M   Troeh     .    ... 

97 

Minnesota 

F.  A.  Allen 

We.st  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

G  H.  Mead    

96 

Mississippi 

G.  M.  L.  Key 

George  Nlcholal 

C.  H.  Larson 

W.  R.  Tarrant 

97 

Mlasouri 

97 

WOMEN    STATIC    CHAMPIONS    FOR    191«. 

STATE. 

Champion. 

Score . 

State. 

Champion. 

Score. 

Connecticut 

Mrs.  C.  H.  Beere 

Migs  H.  D.  Hammond 

58 
40 
92 
84 
89 
83 
92 

Mrs.  H.  G.  Harrison. . 

Mrs.  Ada  Schilling 

Mrs.  John  Atlee 

Mrs.  C.  M.  Buchanan. 

Mrs.  Curtis  King . 

Mrs.  A.  H.  Harmon.. . 
Mrs.  C.  D,  Moon 

84 

♦Delaware 

Oregon 

9i  .    . 

Illinois 

Mrs  A.  H.  Winkler... 
Miss  D.  J.  Dalton 

Pennsylvania 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee         

75- 

'M'-' 

Towa       

Miss  Emma  Wettleaf, 
M.'s.  Margaret  Parks. . 
Mrs.  L.  G.  Vogel 

Massachusetts 

Vermont 

'    66 

Michigan    

Wisconsin 

87 

*  The  Delaware  event  was  at  50  targets. 

WORLD'S   RECORD   TRAP  fSHOOTING— STRAIGHT    SCORES. 

*565  Straight  by  C.  G.  Spencer,  16  yards,  at  Viola,  III.,  September  18-19,  1909;  419  straight  by  J.  R. 
Graham  16  yards,  at  Chicago,  111.,  August  30-Soptember  1,  1910;  99  straight  by  E.  C,  Carlton,  17  yards, 
at  Omaha,  Neb.,  August  6,  1913;  104  straight  by  Harvey  Dlxon,  18  yards,  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  August  21, 
1916:  loO  straight  by  Riley  Thompson,  19  yards,  at  Chicago.  111.,  June  23,  1910;  100  straight  by  C.  A, 
Gunning,  19  yards,  at  Omaha,  Neb  ,  August  7,  1913;  *138  straight  by  H.  S.  Wells,  20  yards,  at  Betterton. 
Md,.  July  26,  1915;  119  straight  by  Fred  Plum,  21  yards,  at  Maplewood,  N.  H.,  July  6.  1916;  108  straight 
by  Mark  Arle,  22  yards,  at  Chicago,  III.,  August  25,  1917;  »99  straight  by  Walter  Huff,  22  yards,  at  Atlanta, 
Ca.,  3n\y  2,  1917;  *100  straight  by  O.  A.  Young,  23  yards,  at  Peru,  Ind.,  July  13,  1916. 

*  Professional. 


'Sporting  Records — Continued. 


501 


TRAP    SHOOTING— Corutnued. 


LEADING    AMATEUR    TRAPSHOOTERS    FC>R    PART    TEN    YEARS. 


Year. 

Nam*. 

Shot 
At. 

Broke. 

Ave- 
rage. 

Year. 

Name. 

Shot 
At. 

BroKe. 

Ave- 
rage. 

1908 

C.  M.  Powers 

J.  S.  Young 

5,090 
4,730 
4,280 
2,100 
800 

5,383 
4,498 
4,164 
2,022 
767 

.9640 
.  9509 
.9728 
.9623 

.9587 

1913.. 
1914.. 
1915.. 

1916.  . 

1917.  . 

Bart  Lewis 

6,080 
2,050 
2,800 
2,010 
2,050 

5,811 
1,981 
2,731 
1,964 
1,997 

9557 

1909. . 

W.  Henderson 

VV.  Henderson 

F.  Harlow        

.9663 

1910. . 
1911 

J.  S.  Day 

W.  S.  Spencer 

Wm.  Ridley 

.9753 
.9771 

1912.. 

W.  H.  Heer 

.9741 

LEADING    PROFESSIONAL    TRAPSHOOTERS    FOR    PAST    TEN 

YEARS. 

Year. 

Name. 

Snot 
At. 

Broke. 

Ave- 
rage. 

Year. 

Name. 

Shot 
At. 

Broke. 

Ave- 
rage. 

1908 

J.  M.  Hawkins 

C.  G.  Spencer 

W.  H.  Heer 

Jno.  R.  Taylor 

W.  R.  Crosby 

5,945 
8,325 
2,000 
2.100 

2.000 

5,745 
8,092 
1,955 
2.038 
1,952 

.9663 

.9720 
.9775 
.9704 
.9760 

1913.. 
1914.. 
1915. . 
1916. . 
1917. . 

W.  H.  Heer 

5.3,'>0 
2,225 
5,020 
2,100 
6,285 

6,206 
2,146 
5,480 
2,058 
6,137 

.9730 

1909 

L.  H.  Reid 

.9644 

1910.. 
1911.. 
1912.. 

C.  G.  Spencer 

H.  Clark 

L.  S.  German 

.9750 
.9800 
.9764 

1918    TRAP    SHOOTING    AVERAGES. 
The  following  are  the  average.s  of  the  fifty  leading  amateur  and  professional  trap  shooters  for  the  season 

FORTY   AMATEURS. 


to  October  1. 


Name. 


H.  Lorenson 

Frank  N.  Troeh 

J.  M.  WUcockson.  . . , 

H.  G.  Taylor 

H.  J.  Pendergast. . . . , 

Mark.M.  P.  Arie 

F.S.' Wright 

Geo.  N.  Fish 

C.  M.  Powers 

O.  N.  Ford 

Henry  Pfirrmann,  Jr. 

L.  F.  Curtis , 

C.  H.  Newcomb .  .  . . , 

F.  S.  Tomlin , 

P.  H.  O'Brien 

C.  L.  Richards 

J.  T.  Downs 

W.  H.  Heer 

A.  H.  Winkler 

Jny  Clark,  Jr 


«not 
At. 


050 
895 
900 
950 
,300 
,800 
,080 
,605 
,140 
,520 
,300 
,350 
,370 
,325 
,590 
610 
400 
790 
300 
SoO 


Broke 


1,991 
5,724 
1,836 
1,880 
2,216 
1,734 
3,928 
4,433 
3,974 
8,177 
2,206 
2,252 
4,184 
4,140 
3,434 
5,365 
2,295 
1,711 
2,196 
2.719 


Ave- 
rage. 


.9712 
.9709 
.9663 
.9641 
.9634 
.  9633 
.9627 
.9626 
.9599 
.9597 
.9591 
.9582 
.9574 
.9572 
.9565 
.  9563 
.9562 
.9558 
.  9547 
.  9540 


Name. 


L.  B.  Maytag 

U.  E.  Campbell 

A.  R.  Chexik 

Forest  W.  McNeir. 
Dr.  A.  H.  Aber.  . . . 

F.  H.  Melius 

J.  P.  White 

E.  F.  Woodward . . , 

H.  S.  Sindle 

W.  N.  Boylston 

Joe  Konvalinka. . . . 

R.  A.  King 

A.  D.  Sperry 

Dave  Fauskee 

W.  H.  Patterson. . . 

Wm.  WetOeaf 

C.  L.  Waggoner 

J.  G.  Martin 

E.  T.  Myers 

Geo.  J.  Roll 


Shot 
At. 


,800 
,910 
760 
850 
800 
,100 
,300 
,890 
,080 
,785 
,760 
025 
900 
600 
800 
300 
,425 
,955 
,980 
650 


Broke. 


1,717 
1,802 
1,677 
1,769 
1,711 
1,996 
2,186 
5,596 
1,976 
2,639 
1,667 
2,486 
1,798 
3,405 
1.701 
2,173 
2,290 
1,846 
1,869 
2,501 


Ave- 
rage. 


.9538 
.9434 
.9528 
.9508 
.9505 
.9504 
.9504 
.9500 
.9500 
.9475 
.9471 
.9470 
.9463 
.9458 
.9450 
.9447 
.9443 
.9442 
.9439 
.9437 


PROFESSIONALS. 


Name. 


Homer  Clark. ...... 

Rush  Razee 

P.  R.  Miller 

L.  S.  German 

Frank  H.  Huseman. 

C.  G.  Spencer , 

R.  O.  Helkes , 

Barton  Lewis 

C.  E.  Goodrich .... 

John  R.  Taylor 

C.  C.  Mitchell 

L.  H.  Reid 

F.  C.  Riehl 

Fred  G.  Bills 

N.  E.  Poston 

J.  H,  Stair 

Sim  Qlover 

H.  L.'Worthington. 

L.  D.  Willis 

Geo.  W.  Maxwell .  . 


Shot 
At. 


3,310 
2,300 
4,400 
3,720 
3,130 
4,900 
4,010 
4,050 
2,900 
6,000 
2,625 
2,010 
2,090 
5,800 
3,310 
3,000 
2,430 
1,870 
1,950 
4,705 


Broke. 


3,228 
2,231 
4,258 
3,596 
3,014 
4,698 
3,843 
3,880 
2,778 
5,740 
2,507 
1,919 
1,995 
5,535 
3,151 
2,855 
2,311 
1,777 
1,853 
4,469 


Ave- 
rage. 


.9752 
.9700 
.9677 
.96Ce 
.9029 
.9587 
.9583 
.9580 
.9579 
.9560 
.9550 
.9547 
.9545 
.9543 
.9519 
.9516 
.9510 
.9502 
.9502 
.9498 


Name. 


Harrison  Kennicott 
A.  H.  Ammann. . . . 

H.  A.  Murrelle 

Walter  Huff 

A.  A.  Somers 

J.  E.  Dickey 

J.  R.  Graham 

Ed.  O'Brien 

G.  H.  Ford .... 

H.  S.  Welles 

W.  T.  Laslie 

G.  H.  Chapln 

C.  T.  Stevens 

Rowland  Ray 

R.  R.  Barber 

W.  M.  Bowman 

L.  W.  Cumberland. 
L.  S.  Hawhurst . . .  . 

\V.  G.  Hill 

E.  J.  Morfiau 


Sliot 
At. 


5,000 
2,450 
1,800 
2,935 
1,825 
2,660 
6,570 
2,000 
3,150 
2,430 
2,010 
2,525 
4,410 
1,750 
3,040 
3,350 
2,310 
2,500 
2,276 
3,010 


Broke. 


4,746 
2,325 
1,703 
2,775 
1,725 
2,614 
6,200 
1,885 
2,964 
2,286 
1,888 
2,371 
4,134 
1,640 
2,848 
3,136 
2,159 
2,332 
2,122 
2,806 


Ave- 
rage. 


.9492 
.9489 
.9461 
.9454 
.9452 
.  9451 
.9439 
.9425 
.9409 
.9407 
.9393 
.9390 
.9374 
.9371 
.9368 
.9361 
.9346 
.9328 
.9327 
.9322 


OTHER     TOURNAMENTS. 
Thirteenth  National  Amateur  Championship  Tournament,  held  under  the  auspices  of  New  York  A.  C 
Travers  Island,  May  4.     First  ten  placp  winners,  with  scores: 


Name. 


F.  Plum 

L.  H.  Davis 

D.  I.  Bradley 

J.  M.  McLaughlin 
O.  H.  Newcomb. . 


First 
100. 

Second 
100. 

Total . 

99 

98 

197 

98 

98 

196 

98 

97 

195 

98 

96 

194 

97 

97 

194 

Name. 


A.  L.  Ivin.s.  . 
G.  H.  Plorcy 
G.  Gray.  .  .  . 
F.  S.  Tomlin 

B.  E.  Eldred 


First 

Second 

100. 

100. 

95 

99 

97 

97 

97 

96 

96 

97 

97 

96 

Total. 

194 
194 
193 
193 
193 


502 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


THANKS  to  the  international  tournament  of  the 
Manhattan  Chess  Club,  the  Western  championship, 
the  intercoUegiates  and  the  various  State,  league 
and  club  competitions,  the  year  1918  was  far  from 
being  devoid  of  Interest  to  chess  players.  The 
international  contest  demonstrated  that  J.  R. 
Capablanca  of  Havana  is  without  a  peer  as  a  chess 
player  in  this  hemisphere. 

Janowslil  versus  Jaffe — finished  in  New  Yorlt 
January  6;  score — Janowski,  10:  Jaffe,  4;  drawn,  4. 

Interborough  High  School  League — Won  by  Boys' 
High,  8}4  matches,  32  games;  Commercial,  6'-^ 
matches,  25  games;  Stuyvesant,  6  matches,  24  games; 
Richmond  Hill,  6  matches,  23  games;  Morris,  4 
matches,    19  H    games. 

Brooklyn  C.  C.  Championship — Won  by  R.  T. 
Black  (seventh  time) ;  score  7  H — H;  A.  Schroeder, 
4H — 3K;  C.  Ruberl,  3 — 4. 

"C.  H.  Y.  P."  Tournament — Won  by  Columbia, 
914 — 2)4;  Yale,  second,  6 — 6;  Harvard,  5 — 7; 
Princeton,  3H — 8H. 

Triangular  College  League — Won  by  Pennsyl- 
vania. 5—3;  City  College,  434—3)^;  Cornell,  2i4 
— 5H. 

Metropolitan  League— Rice  Progressive  C.  C. 
first,  C— 0;  Staten  Island,  4 — 2;  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.. 

City  College,  Columbia  and  West  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  each 
2'A—3  'A ;  Ocean  Hill,  1—5. 

Manhattan  C.  C.  Championship — Won  by  Oscar 
Chajes,  6 — 1;  G.  Northrup,  5—2;  O.  W.  Field,  4 — 3. 

Empire  City  C.  C.  Handicap — First  section,  C. 
Ortenblad,  15>^;  Dr.  A.  Freundlich,  13}^;  L.  Rosen, 
12  H.  Second  section,  J.  Phillips,  11;  J.  Morrison, 
10;  V.  E.  Selig  and  L.  Wechsler,  each  9H. 

Intercollegiate  Matches — Triangular  League,  9; 
C.  H.  Y.  P.  League,  4;  Columbia,  6;  Pennsylvania,  2. 

N.  Y.  State  Association — Winter  meet,  New  York 
City.  February  22 — O.  Chajes  and  A.  Kupchik 
each  5 — 0,  tied  for  first  and  second;  R.  T.  Black 
and  A.  Schroeder  each  3}4 — IH,  tied  for  third  and 
fourth.  College  Tourney — H.  E.  Leede  of  Colum- 
bia, 4 — 0,  winner  of  gold  medal;  R.  Aebli,  Columbia, 
3 — 1,  -silver  medal.  High  School  Tourney— Gold 
medal  won  by  Philip  Wolfson,  Boys'  High,  8'A — M: 
li.   Denonn,   Boys'    High,    7J^ — IH.   silver   medal. 


CHESS. 

(By  H.  Helms.) 


First  class — A  Otten,  3 — 1;  second  class — Dana 
Brannan,  5 — 0;  third  class,  A.  L.  Hallock,  3H  —  A. 
Summer  Meeting  at  Rochester — Championship, 
K.  S.  Howard,  Rochester,  3 — 1;  class  A,  J.  S.  Mor- 
rison, Toronto,  7 — 0;  class  B,  H.  B.  Reynolds, 
Rochester,  and  Frank  Benedict,  each  6 — 2;  class  C, 
E.  Hazzard,  Rochester,  6M — 134. 

State  Championships — New  Jersey,  W.  Rissmiller, 
Paterson,  8'A — IK;  Pennsylvania,  Y/.  A.  Ruth 
after  tie  with  M.  Freed;  North  Dakota,  W.  Wid- 
meyer,  Rolla.  91^2 — M. 

Simultaneous  Exhibitions — J.  R.  Capablanca  at 
Manhattan  C.  C.  played  38,  won  33,  drew  5;  F.  J. 
Marshall  at  Marshall's  Chess  Divan  played  24, 
won  18,  lost  2  and  drew  4;  H.  Helms  at  Empire  City 
C.  C.  played  18,  won  16,  lost  2. 

Chajes  versus  Janowski — Manhattad  C.  C, 
March  16  to  May  7;  Chajes,  7;  Janowski,  5;  drawn, 
10. 

N.  Y.  A.  C. — Prize  winners:  F.  E.  Pierce,  George 
O.  Seward,  H.  M.  Prindle,  F.  S.  Krag  and  Henry 
S.  Schley. 

Staten  Island  Championship — Winner,  G.  Kling- 
spor,  7 — 1;  W.  T.  Ryan,  6 A — I'A- 

Black  vs.  Schroeder — ^At  the  Brooklyn  C.  C; 
Black,  5:  Schroeder,  3:  drawn,  2. 

Rye  Beach  Tournament — Rye  Beach,  N.  Y., 
July  22-26;  A.  Kupchik,  first,  7 A — Az;  O.  Chajes. 
6K — I  A:  J.  Bernstein,  R.  T.  Black  ^nd  C.  Jaffe, 
each   5 — 3. 

Western  Championship — Chicago,  September  22 
to  28;  B.  Kostich,  Gary,  Ind.,  first.  9A — lA; 
H.  Hahlbohm,  Chicago,  E.  l^asker,  Chicago,  J.  S. 
Morrison,  Toronto,  and  N.  T.  Whittaker,  WOiS^iLng- 
ton,  D.  C,  each  7 — 4.  ,  j       "  ,  , 

Correspondence  Chess — Fourth  national  cham- 
pionship; won  by  E.  Lasker  of  Chicago,  3-^:  6. 
Altman,  Brooklyn,  2 — 1.  Simultaneous  exhibitions: 
New  York,  September  21;  J.  R.  Capablanca  played 
23,  winning  all;  Philadelphia,  September  28,  Capa- 
blanca played  30,  won  28,  drew  2. 

International  Tournament — Manhattan  C.  C, 
October  23  to  November  9,  won  by  J.  R.  Capablanca, 
lOAi—lA;  B.  Kostich,  9—3;  F.  J.  Marshall,  7—5; 
O.  Chajes,  6 — 6;  D.  Janowski,  4 — 8;  R.  T.  Black, 
3A—8A:  J.  S.  Morrison,  2—10. 


SURF    CAST 

Longest  single  cast,  any  event,  435  ft.  10.  in., 
made  by  J.  Charles  EUngshausen,  Midland  Beacli 
F.  C,  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  November  6,  1917. 

Average  of  five  casts,  open  field,  4k)z.  lead,  419 
ft.  4  3-5  In.,  made  by  J.  Charles  Elingshausen, 
Midland  Beach  F.  C,  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  November 
6,  1917. 

Average  five  casts  V-shaped  court,  368  ft.  3  2-5 
In.,  made  by  Howard  Kain,  Asbury  Park  F.  C,  at 
Asbury  Park,  N.  J.,  August  11,  1917. 

Average  five  casts,  30-foot  lane,  3-oz.  lead,  John 
C.  Clayton,  Asbury  Park  F.  C,  at  Belmar,  N.  J., 
August  19.  1916. 

Average  five  casts,  30-foot  lane,  4-oz.  lead,  Wm. 
E.  Sylvester,  Belmar  F.  C,  at  Belmar,  N.  J..  August 
28,  1915. 

Distance-accuracy,  down  a  straight  line,  with  dis- 
tance lead  falls  aside  of  line  deducted  from  length 
of  cast,  average  five  casts,  4-oz.  lead,  Howard  Kain, 
Asbury  Park  F.  C,  at  Ocean  City,  N.  J.,  August 
18,  1917. 

Accuracy,  nearest  cast  to  stake  140  feet  distant, 
Gus  V.'oUman,  Asbury  Park  F.  C,  touched  stake 
at  Belmar,  N.  J.,  August  25,  1917. 


NC    RECORDS. 

Longest  cast  of  five  in  V-shaped  court,  3  pr  d  oz, 
lead.  Dr.  Carleton  Simon,  Midland  Beach  F.  CX., 
341  ft.  8  in.,  at  Ocean  City,  N.  J.,  August' 8,  1914:' 

Longest  cast  of  five,  open  field,  3  or  4  02.  lead, 
J.  Charles  Elingshausen,  Midland  Beach  5".  Q., 
42S  ft.  6  in,,  at  Ocean  City,  N.  J..  August  18,  1917, 

Women — Best  average  five  casts,  open  field,  Mrs^ 
C.  Y.  Cooper,  Belmar  F.  C,  204  ft.  7  in.,  at  Belmar, 
N.  J.,  August  28,  1915. 

Women — Longest  single  cast  of  five,  open  fieid, 
Mrs.  C.  Y.  Cooper,  238  ft.  10  1-2  in.,  at  Belmar, 
N.  J.,  August  28,   1915. 

In  1918,  the  Ocean  City  Cup  contest,  a  SI  ,000 
perpetual  trophy,  known  as  the  classic  of  the  surf- 
casting  world,  was  won  by  the  Ocean  City  team  of 
five  men,  consisting  of  Charles  Maginnis,  Dr.  J. 
W.  Pinkliam,  Harry  Stelwagon,  Dr.  W.  L.  Mageo 
and  G.  Ed.  Cornman,  with  a  team  total  of  7,759 
ft.  7  in.;  Asbury  Park  team  was  second  with  7,558 
ft.  2  in.,  and  Midland  Beach  F.  C.  team  third  witli 
7,155  U.  2  in.  . 

Compiled  by  C.-B.  Holgate,  Secretary-Trei^surer. 
A.ssociation  Surf  Angling  Clubs.  ■    • 


Results  of  the  Seventh  Annual  Tournament  of 
the  American  Roque  League  held  the  week  of  July 
22,  1918,  on  the  courts  of  the  Washington  Park 
Roque  Association,  58th  St.,  and  Cottage  Grove 
Ave.,  Chicago,  JU. 

Winner:  Champion  Division — F.  C.  Turner, 
Pasadena,  Cal.  First  Division— H.  O.  'Walker, 
Chicago,  ni.  Second  Division— J.  P.  Shelley,  Ox- 
lord.  Ind.  Third  Division— H.  Sime,  Chicago,  111. 
(14  years).        ■^ 

Results  of  the  Third  Annual  Tournament  of  the 
Missouri  Valley  Roque  Associatioa  held  the  week 


ROQUE. 


of  August  24,  1918,  on  the  public  courts  in  BuUd 
Park,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Winner:  First  Division — F.  H.  Selden,  Kansas 
Citv,  Mo.  Second  Division — E.  T.  Freeman,  Kansas 
City,  Mo.  Third  Division — J.  M.  Starling.  Whiting, 
Kan. 

Results  of  the  Fifth  Annual  Tournament  of  the 
Interstate  Roque  Association  held  toe  week  of 
September  2,  1918,  on  tne  courts  of  the  New  Paris 
Roque  Club,  at  New  Paris,  Ohio. 

Winner:  First  Division— C.  W  Davis.  Mahonlug- 
town.  Pa.  Second  Division — WilHam  Wisier,  Miltoa, 
Ind.  Third  Division- C.  VV.  Bennett.  New  Paris, 
Ohio. 


Sporting  Records— Continued. 


503 


TRACK    AND    FIELD    ATHLETICS. 

AMATEUR    ATHLETIC    UNION    CHAMPIONSHIPS. 


National  Junior  Championship  Iield  at  Great 
Lakes  Naval  Station,  Great  Lakes,  111.,  September 
20:  100-yard  run — Won  by  A.  H.  Henke,  Great 
Lakes  Naval  Station;  J.  C.  Hosklns,  Chicago  A.  A., 
second;  I.  Mahl,  Columbia  A.  C,  third;  Lieut.  L. 
Wester,  Camp  Fremont,  Cal.,  fourth.  Time. 
10  seconds.  220-yard  run — Won  by  A.  Smith, 
Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station;  J.  Moore,  Pittsburgh 
S.  A.  A.,  second;  S.  Rosen,  Morris  A.  C,  Chicago, 
third;  J.  Olsen,  Federal  Rendezvous,  fourth.  Time, 
22  2-5  seconds.  440-yard  run — Won  by  C.  C. 
Shaughnessy,  Federal  Rendezvous,  Brooklyn;  J.  J. 
O'Brien,  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  secoud:  D. 
Rogers,  Meadowbrook  Club.,  third;  H.  T.  Torkelson, 
Chicago  A.  A.,  fourth.  Time,  49  seconds.  880- 
yard  run — Won  by  J.  J.  McCabe,  Pelham  Bay 
Naval  Station;  G.  C.  Lewis,  University  of  Chicago, 
second;  G.  Allen,  Pittsburgh  S.  A.  A.,  third:  E.  T. 
Marchal,  Chicago  A.  A.,  fourth.  Time,  2m.  1  l-5s. 
One  mile  run — Won  by  J.  Schwartz,  Meadowbrook 
Club;  J.  J.  McCabe,  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station, 
second;  E.  Mayo,  Fort  Slocum,  third;  W.  N.  Cum- 
mlngs,  Meadowbrook  Club,  fourth.  Time,  4m.  37s. 
Five  mile  run — Won  by  Earl  Johnson,  Camp  Upton; 
W.  B.  Powers,  Ferguson  A.  C,  Buffalo,  second; 
J.  Probst,  Columbian  A.  C,  St.  Louis,  third;  F. 
Kochanski,  Illinois  A.  C,  foiuth.  Time,  27m.  22s. 
120-yard  high  hurdles — Won  by  Walker  Smith, 
Chicago  A.  A.;  R.  M.  Isaacs,  Royal  Air  Force, 
Toronto,  second;  C.  B.  Savage,  Jr.,  Chicago  A.  A., 
third;  J.  K.  Norton,  Camp  Zachary  Taylor,  Ky., 
fourth.  Time,  15  2-5s.  220-yard  low  hurdles — 
Won  by  Lieut.  M.  J.  House,  Camp  Fremont,  Cal.; 
G.  Desch,  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  second; 
D.  C.'Leffler,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  third; 
C.  'Barron,  -Meadowbrook  Club,  Philadelphia, 
fourth.,  Time.  25  3-5s.  440  yard  hurdles — Won 
by  d;  'fiause/  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station;  E.  E. 
Traiin^,  Swedish  American  A.  C,  second:  A.  C. 
Boeddelrer,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  third; 
C.  Dwyer,  Chicago  A.  A.,  fourth.  Time,  58  2-5s. 
Three  mile  walk — Won  by  L.  Labowitz,  Pastime 
A.  C,  New  York;  C.  Mertens,  Hillside  A.  C,  To- 
ronto, Ont.,  second:  H.  L.  Schultz,  Ferguson  A.  C, 
Buffalo,  third:  V.  V.  Vosen,  Gary  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
fourth.  Time,  23m.  57s.  Pole  vault — AVon  by 
K.  S.  Caldwell,  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  11  ft. 
e  In.;  C.  Bean,  Los  Angeles,  11  ft.  6  in.,  second; 

C.  Piper,  Royal  Air  Force,  Toronto,  11  ft.,  third; 
J.  E.  Wilkin,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  11  ft., 
fourth.  16-lb.  shot  put — Won  by  D.  I.  Allman, 
Great  'Lakes  Na-Cal  Station,  40  ft.  IJi  in.;  R.  W. 
Becker,  IlKholsA.  C  Chicago,  39  ft.  9M  in.,  second; 
S.  S.  Windrow,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  39  ft. 
5  irt.,'  third,;'  v:  Saranac,  Kelly  Field,  Tex.,  38  ft. 
}f  in.,  fourth.  Running  high  jump — Won  by  Carl 
Rice, 'Camp  Zacliary  Taylor,  Ky.,  6  ft.  }4  in.;  R.  L. 
Trewfeeke,  Chicago  A.  A.,  5  ft.  11  in.,  second;  C.  C. 
Krogness,  Jr.,  Chicago  A.  A.,  5  ft.  lOH  in.,  third; 
P.  McGarry,  Boston  Navy,  5  ft.  10  in.,  fourth. 
lO-lb.  hammer  throw — Won  by  H.  G.  Franz,  Illinois 
A.  G.,  130  ft.  5  in.;  J.  R.  Walsh,  Chicago  A.  A.. 
119  ft.  2  in.,  second;  H.  C.  Gillo,  Camp  Dick,  Tex., 
third;  S.  S.  Windrow,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station, 
fourth.  Running  broad  jump — Won  by  D.  Politzer, 
Mohawk  A.  C,  New  York,  22  ft.  2  5-8  in.;  E.  A. 
Anderson,  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  22  ft.,  second; 

D.  Brown,  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  21  ft.  2%  in., 
third;  O.  Way,  Meadowbrook  Club,  Philadelphia, 
21  ft.  l\i  in.,  fourth.  Discus  throw— Won  by 
S.  S,  Windro-v,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  116  ft. 
4M  in.;  H.  C.  Gillo,  Camp  Dick,  Tex.,  110  ft.  254 
in.,  second;  W.  F.  Bartels,  Hog  Island.  Pa.,  106 
ft.  3!|  in.,  third;  C.  B.  Savage,  Jr.,  Chicago  A.  A., 
95  ft.  9M  in.,  fourth.  Throwing  56-ib.  weight — 
Won  by  P.  Mclntyre,  Illinois  A.  C,  25  ft.  \\M  in.; 
P.  Birmingham,  25  ft.  454  in.,  second;  J.  R.  Walsh, 
Chicago  A.  A.,  24  ft.  4J4  in.,  third;  W.  F.  Bartels, 
Chicago  A  A.,  23  ft.  8  in.,  fourth.  Running  hop, 
step  and  jump — Won  by  W.  B.  Overbee,  Chicago 
A.  A.,  45  ft.  55i  in.;  T.  T.  Hoskins,  Chicago  A.  A., 
43  ft.  5H  In.,  second:  C.  P.  R.  Arbene,  Irish  Ameri- 
can A.  A.,  Boston,  41  ft.  6H  in.,  third;  E.  A.  An- 
derson, Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  41  ft.  3}^  in., 
fourth.  Throwing  the  javelin — Won  by  R.  Thomp- 
son, Illinois  A.  C.,  167  ft.  8Ji  in.;  J.  R.  Fritts, 
unattached,  New  York.  147  ft.  8H  in.,  second; 
W.  K.  Hancock,  Chicago  A.  A.,  145  ft.  7H  in., 
third;  H.  C.  Gillo,  Camp  Dick.  Tex.,  133  ft,.  2>^  in., 
fourtb. 


Point  score — Chicago  Athletic  Association,  34; 
Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  30:  Great  Lakes  Naval 
Station,  28;  Illinois  A.  C,  22;  Meadowbrook  Club, 
Philadelphia.  10:  Camp  Fremont,  Cal.,  6:  Camp 
Zachary  Taylor,  Ky.,  6;  Camp  Dick,  Tex.,  6:  Federal 
Rendezvous,  Brooklyn,  6;  Royal  Air  Force,  Toronto, 
5;  Pittsburgh  S.  A.  A.,  5;  Pastime  Athletic  Club, 
New  York,  5;  Ferguson  A.  C,  Buffalo,  5:  Mohawk 
Athletic  Club,  New  York,  5;  Camp  Upton,  5;  Colum- 
bian A.  C,  St.  Louis,  4;  Hog  Island,  Philadelphia,  3; 
Hillside  A.  C,  Toronto.  3:  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  3; 
Swedish  American  A.  C,  Brooklyn,  3;  unattached, 
3;  University  of  Chicago,  3;  Fort  Slocum,  New 
York,  2;  Irish  American  A.  A.,  Boston,  2;  Morris 
A.  C,  Chicago,  2;  Kelly  Field,  Tex..  1;  Gary  Y.  M. 
C.  A.,  1;  Boston  Navy  Yard.  1. 

National  junior  records — Javelin — Racine  Thomp- 
son, I.  A.  C,  167  ft.  854  in.  Three  mile  walk — 
L.  Labowitz,  Pastime  A.  C,  N.  Y.,  23m.  57s.  440 
yard  straightaway — C.  C.  Shaughnessy,  Federal 
Rendezvous,  49s.  Records  tied — 100-yard  dash — 
T.  T.  Hoskins,  C.  A.  A.;  Irving  Mahl.  Columbian 
A.  C.  St.  Louis;  Arthur  Henlte.  Great  Lakes,  10s. 
120-yard  high  hurdles — Walter  Smith,  C.  A.  A., 
15  2-5s.  220-yard  low  hurdles — G.  Desch.  Pelham 
Bay,  25  l-5s. 

National  senior  outdoor  track  and  field,  held  at 
the  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  Great  Lakes,  111., 
September  21.  100-yard  run — Won  by  A.  H. 
Henke,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station;  Jo.  G.  Loomis, 
Chicago  A.  A.,  second;  T.  T.  Hoskins,  Chicago 
A.  A.,  third;  W.  Ganzemueller,  Meadowbrook  Club, 
Philadelphia,  fourth.  Time.  10s.  220-yard  run — 
Won  by  L.  Murchison,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station; 
P.  J.  White,  Salem-Crescent  A.  C,  New  York, 
second:  F.  Feuerstein,  Illinois  A.  C,  third;  C.  C. 
Shaughnessy,  Federal  Rendezvous,  Brooklyn,  fourth: 
Time,  22  2-5s.  440-yard  run — Won  by  C.  C. 
Shaughnessy,  Federal  Rendezvous,  Brooklyn;  M. 
Gustafson,  Meadowbrook  Club,  Philadelphia,  sec- 
ond: P.  Hauser.  Federal  Rendezvous,  Brooklyn, 
third:  F.  Feuerstein.  Illinois  A.  C,  fourth.  Time, 
49  2-5s.  S80-yard  run — Won  by  T.  S.  Campbell. 
University  High  School,  Chicago;  J.  W.  Ray.  Illinois 
A.  C,  second;  Lieut.  E.  Balestier,  Royal  Air  Force, 
Toronto,  third;  J.  Sellers,  unattached.  New  York, 
fourth.  Time,  Im.  66  4-5s  One  mile  run — Won 
by  J.  W.  Ray,  Illinois  A.  C:  W.  F.  Gordon,  Pelham 
Bay  Naval  Station,  second;  C.  J.  Stout,  Fort  Worth, 
third;  N.  Brown,  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  fourth. 
Time,  4m.  20s.  120-yard  high  hurdles — Won  by 
E.  J.  Thompson,  Royal  Air  Force,  Toronto:  F.  F. 
Loomis.  Jr.,  Chicago  A.  A.,  second:  W.  Smith. 
Chicago  A.  A.,  third;  E.  S.  Rledel,  Great  Lakes 
Naval  Station,  fourth.  Time,  15  l-5s.  220-yard 
low  hurdles — Won  by  F.  F.  Loomis,  Chicago  A.  A.; 
Lieut.  M.  J.  House,  Camp  Fremont,  Cal..  second; 
W.  Smith,  Chicago  A.  A.,  third;  Lieut.  W.  H.  Meanix, 
Camp  Zachary  Taylor,  Ky.,  fourth.  Time,  24  l-5s. 
440-yard  hurdles — Won  by  D.  Hause,  Great  Lakes 
Naval  Station;  F.  J.  Sauer,  Chicago  A.  A.,  second; 

C.  D.  Sutphen,  Chicago  A.  A.,  third;  G.  Schmonn, 
Meadowbrook  Club,  Philadelphia,  fourth.  Three 
mile  wallf — Won  by  R.  F.  Remer,  unattached. 
New  York;  A.  Zeller,  Chicago  A.  A.,  second;  G. 
Mertens,  Hillside  Athletic  Club,  Toronto,  third; 
H.  L.  Schultz,  Ferguson  A.  C,  Buffalo,  fourth. 
Time,  22m.  17  4-53.  Pole  vault — Won  by  C.  Buck. 
Chicago  A.  A.,  12  ft.  3  in.;  E.  E.  Knourek,  Great 
Lakes  Naval  Station,  second;  C.  Bean,  Los  Angeles 
A.  C,  third;  Lieut.  Harwood,  Belleville  A.  C,  fourth. 
16-lb.  shot  put — Won  by  Lieut.  A.  Richards,  Camp 
Fremont,  Cal.,  42  ft.  354  In  ;  A.  Brundage,  Chicago 
A.  A.,  41  ft.  iM  in.,  second;  George  A.  Bronder. 
Jr.,  N.  S.  School  Mil.  A.,  40  ft.  IVt  in.,  third;  D.  I. 
Allman,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  40  ft.  3  in., 
fourth.  Running  high  jump — Won  by  Carl  Rice, 
Camp  Zachary  Taylor,  Ky.,  6  ft.  1  In.;  Jo.  G.  Loomis, 
Chicago  A.  A.,  second:  E.  J.  Thompson.  Royal  Air 
Force,  Toronto,  tnird;  Lieut.  A.  Richards,  Camp 
Fremont,  Cal.,  fourth.  16-lb.  hammer  throw-— 
Won  by  M.  J.  McGrath,  unattached.  New  York, 
173  ft.  11 J4  in.;  J.  P.  Hooker,  Chicago  A.  A.,  136 
ft.  2i^  in.,  second:  A.  Brundage,  Chicago  A.  A.,  13i 
ft.  554  in.,  third:  O.  R.  Benson,  Chicago  A.  A.,  132 
ft.   5  in.,   fourth.     Running  broad  jump— Won   by 

D.  Politzer,  Mohawk  A.  C,  22  ft.  4  In.;  D.  F.  Ahearn, 
Illinois  A.  C,  21  ft.  W'A  in.,  second;  E.  A.  Anderson, 
Pelham  Bay  Naval  Station,  21  ft.  4  in.,  third;  T.  T. 
Hosklas,  Chicago  A.  A.,  21  it.  Hi  in.,  fourth.    Flv« 


504 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


TRACK    AND    FIELD    ATHLETICS— Con/i»wed. 


mile  run — Won  by  C.  Pores,  Pelham  Bay  Naval 
Station:  E.  Johnson,  Camp  Upton,  second;  F.  Gil- 
lespie, unattached,  third;  F.  G.  Kochanskl,  Illinois 
A.  C,  fourth.  Time,  24m.  36  4-53.  Discus  throw 
— Won  by  E.  J.  MuUer,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station. 
136  ft.;  E.  Gilfillan,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  132 
ft.  11 M  in.,  second;  Lieut.  A.  Richards,  Camp  Fre- 
mont, Cal.,  129  ft.  8  in.,  third;  A.  Brundage,  Chicago 
A.  A.,  125  ft.  2  In.,  fourth.  56-lb.  weight — Won  by 
M.  J.  McGrath,  unattached.  New  York,  34  ft.  9  In.; 
D,  I.  Allman,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  second; 
J.  F.  Shanahan,  Illinois  A.  C,  third;  A.  Brundage, 
Chicago  A.  A.,  fourth.  Running  hop,  step  and  jump 
—Won  by  D.  F.  Ahearn,  Illinois  A.  C,  46  ft.  3Ji  in.; 
W.  B.  Overbee,  Chicago  A.  A.,  second:  S.  Landers, 
Chicago  A.  A.,  tliird;  T.  T.  Hoskins,  Chicago  A.  A., 
fourth.  Throwing  the  javelin — George  A.  Bronder, 
Jr.,  N.  S.  Sch.  Mil.  A.,  169  ft.  W'A  in.;  R.  Thomp- 
son, Illinois  A.  C,  168  ft.  10  In.,  second;  J.  B.  Frltts, 
unattached,  New  York,  148  ft.  9H  In.,  third;  J. 
Helium,  Pastime  A.  C.  148  ft  4>^  in.,  fourth. 

Point  Score — Chicago  A.  A.,  56;  Great  Lakes 
Naval  Training  Station,  Chicago,  31;  Illinois  A.  C, 
25;  Camp  Fremont,  California,  14;  Pelham  Bay 
Naval  Training  Station,  New  York,  11;  Royal  Air 
Force,  Toronto,  8  'A ;  Federal  Rendezvous,  Brook- 
lyn, 8;  Naval  Aeronautics,  Princeton,  7:  Camp 
Zachary  Taylor,  7;  Mohawk  A.  C,  New  York,  5; 
Meadowbrook  Club,  Philadelphia,  5;  University 
High,  Chicago,  5;  Camp  Upton,  New  York,  3; 
Salem-Crescent  A.  C,  New  York,  3;  Los  Angeles 
A.  C,  Cal.,  2;  Hillside  A.  C,  Toronto,  2;  Can-uthers 
Field,  2;  Swedish-American  A.  C,  Brooklyn,  2; 
Scott  Field,  1;  Fegrsuon  A.  C,  Buffalo,  1;  Pastime 
A.  C,  New  York,  1. 

National  A.  A.  U.  Relay  Championship,  held  at 
Great  Lakes  Naval  Station,  Chicago,  111.,  September 
23,  1918.  440-yard — Won  by  Great  Lakes  (Dover, 
Erlckson,  Cass  and  Murchinson);  Chicago  A.  A., 
second;  Pittsburgh  Scholastic  A.  A.,  third.  (Only 
three  teams.)  Time,  44  2-5s.  Four  mile — Won  by 
Illinois  A.  C.  (Kochanskl,  Gerald,  O'Donnell  and 
Ray);  Pelham  Bay,  second;  Great  Lakes,  third. 
{Only  three  teams.)  Time,  18m.  26s.  One  mile 
— Won  by  Pelham  Bay  (Desch,  Ferrlck,  Dernell, 
O'Brien);  Meadowbrook  Club,  Philadelphia,  second; 
Federal  Rendezvous.  Brooklyn,  third;  Pittsburgh 
Scholastic  A.  A.,  fourth.  Time,  3m.  263.  880-yard 
— Won  by  Pelham  Bay  (Desch,  Smith,  Dernell  and 
Clark);  Federal  Rendezvous,  second;  Chicago  A.  A., 
third;  Great  Lakes,  fourth.  Time,  Im.  31  3-5s. 
Two  mile — Won  by  Illinois  A.  C.  (Johnson,  Feuer- 
stein,  O'Donnell,  Ray);  Pelham  Bay,  second;  Mead- 
owbrook Club,  Philadelphia,  third;  Great  Lakes, 
fourth. 

National  Senior  Indoor  Championships,  held  at 
22d  Regiment  Armory,  New  York  City,  March 
16,  1918.  The  summaries:  five  mile  run — Won 
by  Charles  Pores,  MlUrose  A.  A.;  Harold  E.  Weeks, 
First  Naval  District,  Boston,  second;  Villar  Kyronen, 
Millrose  A.  A.,  third.  Time  25m.  28  l-5s.  1,000- 
yard  run — Won  by  Joie  Ray,  Illinois  A.  C,  Chicago; 
M.  A.  Devaney,  Boston  Navy  Yard,  second:  Edwin 
H.  Fall,  Great  Lakes  Naval  T.  S.,  Chicago,  third. 
Time,  2m.  14a.  60-yard  dash — Final  heat — Won 
by  William  Ganzemueller,  Penn  State  College; 
Loren  Murchlson,  Columbian  A.  C,  St.  Louis, 
second;  F.  S.  Davis,  University  of  Pennsylvania, 
third;  Peter  J.  White,  Salem-Crescent  A.  C,  New 
York,  fourth.  Time  6  4-5s.  16-lb.  shot  put — Won 
by  D.  C.  Sinclair,  Princeton  University,  with  42 
ft.  1034  in.:  Ensign  Howard  G.  Cann,  U.  S.  S.  New 
Mexico,  New  York,  41  ft.  8  In.,  second;  Harry  Cor- 
rell.  Pastime  A.  C,  New  York.  41  ft.  5H  In.,  third; 
G.  A.  Bronder,  Jr.,  Aviation  Sec.  Sig.  Corps.  U.  S.  A., 
40  ft.  1  In.,  fourth.  Two-mile  run — Won  by  Edward 
J.  Garvey,  Jr.,  Paulist  A.  C,  New  York;  G.  T.  Night- 
ingale. New  Hampshire  State  College,  second;  Louis 
R.  Kaiifman,  Brooklyn  A.  A.,  New  York,  third;  E. 
Wienman,  Morningside  A.  C,  New  York,  fourth. 
Time,  9m.  40s.  300-yard  run— Final  heat^ — Won 
by  Sherman  G.  Landers,  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
Frank  Shea,  University  of-  Pittsburgh,  second; 
George  W.  Dernell,  Boys'  Club.  New  York,  third; 
Doraey  Griffith,  Georgetown  University,  fourth. 
Time,  32  2-53.    Standing  high  jump — Won  by  Leo 


Goehrlng,  Mohawk  A.  C,  New  York,  with  5  ft.; 
Sam  Kronman,  Clark  House,  New  York,  4  ft,  9  in., 
second:  T.  S.  Clark,  Lafayette  College,  4  ft.  9  in., 
third:  Charles  H.  Crlppen,  Salem-Crescent  A.  C, 
New  York,  4  ft.  8  In.,  fourth.  70-yard  high  hurdles — 
Final  heat — Won  by  Harold  Barron,  Meadowbrook 
Club,  Philadelphia;  Walker  Smith,  Cornell,  second; 
Arthur  L.  Engels,  O.  T.  S.,  Camp  Upton,  third; 
W.  Savage.  Bowdoin,  fourth.  Time,  9  3-5s.  6->0- 
yard  run — Won  by  M.  Gustavson,  Pennsylvania; 
Dave  Caldwell,  Boston  A.  A.,  second:  John  R. 
Sellers,  unattached,  third;  John  J.  O'Brien,  Loughlin 
Lyceum,  New  York,  fourth.  Time,  Im.  17s.  Run- 
ning high  jump — Won  by  Egon  Erlckson,  Bronx 
Church  House,  5  ft.  10  In.;  Charles  L.  Siebert, 
Chicago  Turngemeinde,  5  ft.  8  In.,  second:  Oliver 
N.  Parry,  U.  S.  Medical  Reserve  Corps,  5  ft.  6  in., 
third;  Clinton  Larsen,  35th  Squadron,  Aviation 
Section,  U.  S.  A.,  5  ft.  6  In.,  fourth.  Two  mile  walk 
— Won  by  Richard  F.  Remer,  unattached;  Corp. 
Joseph  B.  Pearman,  105th  Infantry,  Spartanburg, 
S.  C,  second;  W.  Rolker,  unattached,  third;  William 
J.  McFadden,  unattached,  fourth.  Time,  14m. 
27  l-5s.  Standing  broad  jump — Won  by  S.  Fron- 
man,  Clark  House  A.  A.,  10  ft.  2}4  In.;  Leo  Goehrlng, 
Mohawk  A.  C,  10  ft.  I'A  In.,  second;  Clinton  Larsen, 
35th  Aviation  Squadron,  U.  S.  A^  9  ft.  3  A  in., 
third;  S.  Belsky,  Morningside  A.  C.,  9  ft.  2A  in., 
fourth.  Medley  relay  race — Won  by  Cornell  Uni- 
versity (W.  Smith,  W.  H.  Cleminshaw,  K.  Mayer 
and  I.  Dresser);  First  Naval  District,  Boston  (T.  J. 
Halpin,  C.  E.  Phillips,  T.  E.  Burke  and  M.  A. 
Devaney),  second;  Camp  Dlx  Team  A  (Lieut. 
William  Kelly,  Lieut.  O.  C.  Anderson,  Lieut.  C.  M. 
Finch  and  Lieut.  William  Anderson),  third:  Millrose 
A.  A.  (W.  DIckman,  R.  McComber,  F.  SafarojWlc 
and  R.  Crawford),  fourth.  Time,  7m'.  4S&;'  P^iOD 
score — University  of  Pennsylvania,  12;, 'Bostbo 
Navy  Yard,  9;  Cornell  University,  8. 

National  Junior  Indoor  Championships — 600-yard 
run — Held  in  connection  with  Meadowbrook  Club 
games,  Philadelphia,  Second  Regiment  Armory, 
March  9,  1918 — Won  by  Thomas  Campbell,  Uni- 
versity High  School,  Chicago:  John  R.  Sellers,  un- 
attached. N.  Y.,  second:  J.  J.  O'Brien,  Vletrix  C.  C, 
Philadelphia,  third:  W.  Albright,  University  of 
Pittsburgh,  fourth.  Time,  Im.  19s.  300  and  1,000- 
yard  runs — -Held  in  connection  with  John  Wana- 
maker  Commercial  Institute  games  at  Madison 
Square  Garden,  N.  Y.,  March  20,  1918.  300  yards- 
Won  by  Loren  Murchlson,  Columbian  A.  C,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.:  James  J.  O'Brien,  Loughlin  Lyceum, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  second;  Joseph  P.  Taliach,  Fordhajn 
University,  third.  Time,  33  3-53.  1,000 ,  yards-^' 
Won  by  John  R.  Sellers,  unattached.  New  York? 
Charles  Shaw,  Columbia  University,  N.  Y.,  second; 
Joseph  P.  Giorgio,  Paulist  A.  C,  third.  Time,. 
2m.  23  l-5s.  Two  mile  walk — Held  In  connection 
with  Seventh  Reglinent  games.  New  York  City, 
April,  1918 — Won  by  Kurt  Zulch,  American  Walkers' 
Association;  Frank  Kieser,  Morningside  A.  C, 
second;  Louis  Labowit:^,  Pastime  A.  C.,  third; 
G.  A.  Uriaub,  American  Walkers'  Association, 
fourth.     Time,  15m.  11  2-53. 

National  All-round  Championships,  held  at  Great 
Lakes  Naval  Training  Station.  Great  Lakes,  111,, 
September  23 — Won  by  Avery  Brundage,  Chicago 
Athletic  Association,  6,708.50  points:  John  Helium, 
Pastime  A.  C,  New  York,  6,419  points,  second; 
Earl  J.  Thompson,  Royal  Air  Force,  Toronto,  Can., 
6,152  points,  third;  Earl  Gilfillan,  Great  Lakes  Naval 
Station,  5,133.25  points,  fourth;  E.  Knqureck, 
5,073.50  points,  fifth;  J.  R.  Frltts,  5,024.25,  polntSr 
sixth;  C.  Buck,  4,877.50  points.  Seventh;  N.  P.  Bluett, 
4,722.25  points,  eighth;  W.  F.  Battels,  4,470.75 
points,   ninth. 


Name. 

100-yd 

16-lb. 

High 

880-yd 

16-lb. 

Run. 

Shot. 

Jump. 

Walk. 

Ham. 

E.J.Thompson 

832 

442 

832 

600 

386 

N.  P.  Bluett .  . 

818 

428 

448 

529 

164.25 

W.  F.  Bartels. 

811 

435 

448 

531 

439.75 

J.  Helium 

790 

668 

544 

781 

591 

E.  Gilfillan.... 

769 

684 

672 

566 

636.25 

J.  R.  Frltts.  .. 

762 

317 

544 

786 

84.25 

A.  Brundage. . 

748 

688 

672 

786 

599.50 

C.  Buck 

741 

358 

672 

.    636 

68.50 

E.  iCnoureck. . 

727 

431 

640 

;  449 

148.60 

Sporting  Records — Continued. 


505 


TRACK    AND    FFELD    ATHLETICS— CoriJiBUed. 


Name. 

Pole 

120-yd 

56-lb. 

Broad 

Mile 

Vault. 

Kurd. 

Wgt. 

Jump. 

Run. 

E.J.Thompson 

648 

940 

233 

746 

493 

N.  P.  Bluett .  . 

652 

670 

540 

573 

W.  F.  Bartel3 . 

505 

358 

426 

517 

J.  Helium 

648 

655 

449 

624 

669 

E.  GiUillan.... 

552 

361 

678 

215 

J.  R.  Fritts .  . . 

648 

588 

8 

512 

778 

A.  Brundage. . 

648 

800 

503 

694 

570 

C.  Buck 

1,032 

760 

710 

E.  Knoureck . . 

1,128 

315 

i5 

608 

612 

National  A.  A.  U.  ten-mile  run  and  seven-mile 
walk,  held  at  New  York,  October  27.  Results: 
Ten-mile  run — Won  by  Charles  Pores,  Pelham  Bay; 
time,  54m.  17  3-5s.;  V.  Kyronen,  Millrose  A.  A., 
second;  T.  Halpin,  Mornlngside  A.  C,  third;  P. 
Trivoulidis,  unattached,  fourth;  Joe  Nulty,  Fordham 
S.  A.  T.  C,  fifth;  James  Plant,  Morningside  A.  C, 
sixth.  Seven-mile  rtUlk — Won  by  R.  F.  Remer, 
unattached;  time,  55m.  23s.;  K.  Zulch,  American 
W.  A.,  second,  time  57m.  20  4-5s.;  K.  Heavns,  Pas- 
time A.  C,  third,  time  Ih.  9s.;  M.  Greenburg, 
Pastime  A.  C.,  fourth,  time  Ih.  Im.  22s.;  A.  Jessup. 
Morningside  A.  C,  fifth,  time  Ih.  Im.  39s.;  H. 
Dacks,  American  W.  A.,  sixth,  time  Ih.  2m.  32s.; 
L.  Vass,  Hungarian-American  A.  C,  seventh,  time 
Ih.  2m.  46s.;  P.  Anthony,  Pastime  A.  C,  eighth, 
time  Ih.  2m.  49s.;  M.  Lipston,  Morningside  A.  C, 
ninth;  J.  Yungbluth,  Pastime  A.  C,  tenth;  G. 
Brumlich,  Pastime  A.  C,  eleventh. 

National  A.  A.  U.  junior  cross  country  run,  held 
at  New  York,  November  16.  Result,  first  ten  run- 
ner^;,Alax-Bohland,  Paulist  A.  C,  33m.  26s.;  Terry 
HaMi?  SSm,.  59s.;  Peter  Trivoulidis,  Morningside 
A,  Q^.  &4m.  4s.;  Eugene  A.  Krause,  unattached, 
34m.  51s.;  Fred  Travelena,  Mohawk  A.  C,  34m.  58s.; 
J.  Nulty,  Fordham  XTniverslty,  35m.  lOs.;  Edward 
Lehman,  Morningside  A.  C,  35m.  19s.;  Edward 
Wlenman,  Morningside  A.  C,  35m.  39a.;  F.  Joyce, 
Pelham  Bay,  35m.  453.;  Leonai'd  Metzer,  Morning- 
side A.  C,  35m.  49s.  Team  scores — Morningside 
A.  C,  1,  2,  5,  6,  8—22;  Mohawk  A.  C,  3,  10,  11,  12, 
13 — 19;  St.  Christopher  Club,  9,  15,  16,  17,  18—75; 
Pelham  Bay,  7,  14,  19,  21,  22—83;  Fordham,  4, 
20,  23,  24,  25—96. 


1918  RECORDS. 
A.  A.  U.  track  records  accepted  by  union  at  an- 
nual meeting  at  Philadelphia,  Pa^,  Nov.  17-18: 
1,000-yard  run,  indoor  (2:14) — Joie  W.  Ray,  Illinois 
A.  C;  made  at  the  National  A.  A.  IT.  indoor  track 
and  field  championships,  held  at  the  22d  Regiment 
Armory,  New  York  City,  March  16,  1918.  (Equals 
record  held  by  Lieut.  J.  W.  Overton,  deceasedj 
1,320-yard  (H  mile)  run,  indoor  (3:05) — Joie  W. 
Ray,  Illinois  A.  C;  made  at  John  Wauamaker 
Commercial  Institute  games,  held  at  Madison  Square 
Garden,  New  York  City,  March  20,  1918.  Five- 
mile  run  (24:36  4-5) — C.  Pores,  Pelham  Bay  Naval 
Station;  made  at  National  A.  A.  U.  outdoor  ti-ack 
and  field  championships.  Great  Lakes,  Illinois, 
September  21,  1918. 

MARATHON    OR    LONG    DISTANCE    RACES. 

Boston  A.  A.  Marathon  not  held  in  1918.  A 
relay  team  service  race  was  staged  April  19  as  a  sub- 
stitute with  the  result  as  follows:  Camp  Devens, 
Divisional  Team,  2h.  24m.  53s.;  Camp  Devens,  302d 
Infantry,  2h.  28m.  10s.;  Boston  Navy  Yard,  2h. 
28m.  45s.;  Camp  Devens,  301st  Field  Signal  Battalion 
2h.  29m.  143.;  Naval  Cadet  School.  2h.  29m.  336.; 
Camp  Devens,  304th  Infantry,  2h.  32m.  203.;  Bumkln 
Island,  2h.  32m.  203.;  Naval  Radio  School,  2h. 
44m.  26s.  Teams  consisted  of  ten  runners,  each 
man  to  run  two  and  a  halt  miles;  total  distance 
25  miles. 

Liberty  Loan  Marathon,  held  at  Chicago,  April  7: 
distance  15  miles.  First  five  to  finish:  Mellor, 
L.  S.  A.  C,  Ih.  29m.  26s.;  Mendes,  I.  S.  C,  Ih.  32m. 
37s.;  Chrlstensen,  D.  A.  C  Ih.  53  l-5s.;  Gillespie, 
I.  S.  C,  2h.  30m.;  Lapins,  Hamlin,  2h.  31m. 

Evening  Mail  Marathon,  New  York,  May  4; 
distance  twelve  and  a  half  miles.  First  five  to  finish: 
V.  Kyronen,  Millrose  A.  A.,  Ih.  10m.  20a.;  C.  Pores, 
Pelham  Bay  N.  T.  S.,  Ih.  10m.  45a.;  H.  Koleh- 
mainen,  Meadowbrook  Club,  Ih.  Um.  63s.;  O. 
Laakso,  Kaleva  A.  C,  Ih.  12m.;  P.  Trivoulidis, 
unattached,  Ih.  13ra.  7s. 

Liberty  Loan  Marathon,  held  at  Chicago,  Sep- 
tember 29;  distance  twenty-six  miles  385  yards. 
Won  by  George  Dobler,  Chicago,  time  Sh.  15m.  5s. 
Frank  Gillespie,  Chicago,  was  second  aad  Ted  John- 
son, Salt  Lake  City,  third. 


ASSOCIATION    (SOCCER)    FOOTBALL. 

.''t!T',  9.  F'bo&aU  Association  National  Challenge  Cup  series,  final  round,  played  at  Pawtucket,  R.  I.. 
May  .*.  Result:  Bethlehem  Steel  Co.,  F.  C,  2;  Fall  River  Rovers,  F.  C,  2.  After  30  minutes  overtime 
play.'   "ib^  game  was  replayed  at  Harrison,  N.  J.,  on  May  19,  and   won  by  Bethlehem  by  a  score  of  3  to  0. 

■'>''     ;'  PREVIOUS  WINNERS. 

19l5il'4 — At  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  May  16,  1914;  Brooklyn  Field  Club,  2;  Brooklyn  Celtic  F.  C,  1;  Hferee, 
'    Charles  E.  Creighton,  New  York  City.  .     ^,  ^        „      . 

19X4^15 — At  Taylor  Stadium,  Lehigh  University,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  May  1,  1915;  Bethlehem  Steel 

Co.  F.  C,  3;  Brooklyn  Celtic  F.  C,  1;  referee,  George  Lambie,  Boston,  Mas?. 
1915-16— At  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  May  6,  1916:  Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  F.  C,  1;  Fall  River  Rovers  F.  C,  0: 

referee,  David  M.  Whyte,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  .  ^  „     ^ 

1916-17 — At  Pawtucket,  R.  I.,  May  5,  1917;  Fall  River  Rovers  F.  C,  1;  Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  i.  C,  0; 

referee,  William  Taylor,  Pawtucket,  R.  I.  .  ..        ^      . 

r       American  Football  Association  Cup,  final  round  played  at  Pawtucket,  R.  I.     Result:  Bethlehem  bteel 
Co.  F.  C,  1;  Babcock  &  Wilcox  F.  C,  0.    Previous  winners: 


1885— O.  N.  T.,  Newark. 
1886— O.  N.  T.,  Newark. 
1887 — O.  N.  T.,  Newark. 
1888 — Fall  River  Rovers. 
1889 — Fall  River  Rovers. 
1890-^Olympics,  Fall  River. 
1891-i-^East  Ends,  Fall  River. 
1892 — East  Ends,  Fall  River. 
1893 — Pawtucket,  Free  Wandei'ers- 
1894 — Olympics,  Fall  River. 
1895 — Caledonians,   Kearny. 


1896 — True  Blues,  Pateraon. 

1897 — Manx  Eleven,  Philadelphia 

1898 — Arlington  A.  A.,  Kearny. 

1906— West  Hudson  F.  C,  Har- 
rison. 

1907 — Clark  A.  A.,  East  Newark. 

1908 — West  Hudsons,  Harrison 

1909 — True  Blues,  Paterson. 

1910 — Tacony  F.  C,  Tacony,  Pa. 

1911— Howard  &  Bullough  F.  C, 
Pawtucket,  R.  I. 


1912 — West  Hudson  F.  C  Har- 
rison. 

1913 — True  Blues,  Paterson 

1914 — Bethlehem  F.  C,  Bethle- 
hem, Pa. 

1915 — Scottisli-Amerlcana  of  New- 
ark. 

1916— Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  F.  C, 
3;    Scottish-American    F. 

1917 — Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  P.  C, 
7;  West  Hudson  F.  C,  0 


Note — Fiom  1899  to  1905,  inclusive,  there  was  no  competition  for  the  cup. 

NATIONAL  ASSOCIATION  FOOTBALL  LEAGUE. 

(Final  Standing.) 


Team. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Tied. 

Pts. 

Team. 

Won . 

5 
4 
4 
0 

Lost. 

Tied. 

Pts. 

12 
11 

7 
6 

1 
2 
0 
6 

1 
1 
1 
2 

25 
23 
15 
14 

Diston  A.  A 

.7 
7 
7 

13 

2 
3 
3 
1 

12 

Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  F 

.C. 

Babcock  &  Wilcox  F.  C.  . . 
New  York  F.  C 

11 
11 

Bcottish-Americans  F. 

C... 

Jersey  A.  C 

1 

506 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 

ASSOCIATION  (SOCCER)   FOOTBAl^lf— Continued. 


CONNECTICUT  STATE  LEAGUE. 
(Final  Standing.) 


Team. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Tied. 

Pts. 

Tea-M. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Tied. 

Pta. 

Bridgeport  Rovers 

8 
5 

4 

1 
2 
2 

1 
3 
4 

17 
13 

12 

Manchestei" 

4 
2 
1 

6 

7 
9 

1 
1 
0 

9 

New  Haven 

Ansouia   .    . 

5 

Hartford  United 

True   Biupa 

2 

NEW   YORK    STATE    LEAGUE. 
(Final   f-'lan(iing.) 


Team. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Tied . 

Pts. 

Team  . 

Won 

Lost. 

Tied . 

Pts. 

Clan  McDuff  F.  C 

Bridgeport  City  F.  C 

I.  R.  T.  F.  C 

Overseas  Wanderers 

14 

14 

13 

7 

5 

2 
2 
3 
9 
11 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

28 
28 
26 
14 
10 

Continentals 

Fulton  A .  C 

Greenpoint  F.  C 

McDonald  F.  C.  .'  .... 

3 

1 
0 
0 

13 

14 

15 
0 

0 

1 
1 
(t 

6 
3 
1 
0 

Yonl^ers  Caledonian'; 

SAN   FRANCISCO   LEAGUE. 
(Final   Standins.) 


Team. 


Union  Iron  Works 

Thistles 

Barbarians 

OlympiM 


Won. 

Lost. 

Tied. 

-i.-'i.  f. 

11 

1 

2 

24 

7 

3 

4 

18 

5 

3 

6 

16 

4 

3 

6 

14 

Team. 


Burns. . .  . 
Celtics .  .  . 
.Argonauts 
Rangers.  . 


Won. 

Lo.st . 

Tied . 

4 

5 

5 

,  4 

5 

5 

3 

9 

2 

2 

11 

0 

Pts. 

13 
13 

8 

4 


INTERCOLLKOIATE  LEAGUE. 
(Final  Standing  1917  Season.) 

Team. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Tied. 

Pts. 

Team. 

Won.i 

Lo9t. 

i;iefl, 

iV,^- 

Havorf'M'd 

1 

1 

0 

1 

3 
2 

Cornell 

0 

1 

i!:; 

'  '1  ■ 

Pennsylvania 

1 

0 

1904-0.5 — Haverf  ord . 
1905-06 — Haverford. 
1906-07 — Haverford. 
1907-08- {Have'-fo'-d. 


PREVIOUS  WINNERS. 

1908-09— Columbia. 
1909-10— Columbia. 
1910-11— Haverford. 
1911-12— Yale. 
1912-13 — Harvard. 


1913-14 — Harvard. 
* )  9 1 4 — Pennsylvania. 
1915— Haverford. 
1916 — Pennsylvania. 
1917— Haverford. 


*  (.  hanged  to  fall 

season  in  1914. 

PENNSYLVANIA   INTERCOLLEGIATE  LEAGUE. 
(Final  Standing  1917  Season.) 

Team. 

Won. 

Lost. 

Tied. 

Pts. 

Team. 

Won. 

Lost . 

T^ied., 

Pts. 

Pennsylvania 

Lehigii 

3 
1 

0 

1 

S    J 

.     6 
2 

Haverford 

Lafayette 

1 
0 

2 
2 

'•  0 
'0, 

•2 
•  ^0 

Lelilgh  forfeited  game  to  Pennsylvania.     Leliigb-Lafayette  game  not  played 

INTERNATIONAL  SOCCER. 
An  international  game  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  War  Work  Fund  was  played  at    Harrison,  N.  J., 
November  17,  between  the  Bethlehem  Steel  Co.  F.  C.  and  an  All-Canadian  team.     Bethlehem  won,   4  to  1. 
Over  S2,000  In  gate  receipts  was  realized  for  the  fund. 


GYMNASTICS. 


National  Amateur  Athletic  Union  Champion- 
ships, held  at  New  York,  April  27.  Results:  Rope 
Climb— Won  by  L.  Weissman,  92d  Y.  M.  H.  A.; 
E.  Steinmetz,  Philadelphia  Turngemeinde,  second; 
J.  Kreyling,  National  Turn  Verein,  third;  T.  Jorgen- 
sen,  Norwegian  Tui-n  &  A.  C,  fourth.  Time — 8s. 
Flying  Rings — Won  by  O.  Poll,  National  Turn 
Verein,  87  1-4  points;  H.  Miller,  National  Turn 
Verein,  80  1-4  points,  second;  A.  Pfeiffer,  National 
Turn  Verein,  79  3-4  points,  third;  Joseph  Oeszy, 
West  Side  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  73  1-2  points,  fourth.  Parallel 
Bars — Won  by  B.  Jorgenson,  Norwegian  T.  &  A.  C, 
84  3-4  points;  J.  Oeszy,  West  Side  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and 
C.  Rottman,  Philadelphia,  tied  for  second  place  with 
82  1-4  points  each;  T.  Hansen,  Norwegian  T.  &  A.  C, 
81  points,  fourth.  Side  Horse — Won  by  J.  Oeszy, 
West  Side  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  87  3-4  points;  C.  F.  Zenker, 
Jr.,  New  York  T.  V.,  86  3-4  points,  second:  C. 
Rottman,  Philadelphia  Tm-ngemeinde,  80  1-2  points, 
third;  J.  Sadlo,  New  York  Turn  Verein,  80  1-4 
points,  fourth.  Tumbling — Won  by  A.  W.  Nugent, 
National  Turn  Verein,  84  3-4  points;  O.  Tempenkl, 
National  Turn  Verein,  68  points,  second;  F.  Berg, 
Norwegian  Turn  Verein,   64  points,   third;  R.   C. 


Parker,,  imattached,  57  points,  fourth.  Indian  Clubs 
— Won  by  R.  W.  Dutcher,  unattached,  26  1-4  points; 
F.  Summervill,  West  Side  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  26  points, 
second;  W.  W.  Summervill,  unattached,  25  points, 
third;  J.  L.  McCioud,  unattached,  23  1-2  points, 
fourth.  Horizontal  Bars — Won  by  C.  Rotttoan, 
Philadelphia  Turngemeinde,  82  points:  B.  Jorge^asea, 
Norwegian  Turn  &  A.  C,  81  1-4  points,  second; 
F.  J.  Kriz,  Bohemian  Association,  73  1-4  points, 
third;  J.  Oeszy,  West  Side  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  72  1-2  points, 
fourth.  Long  Horse — Won  by  F.  J.  Kriz,  Bohemian 
Gym.  Ass'n,  84  1-2  points;  F.  Berg,  Norwegian  Tura 
&  A.  C,  83  1-2  points,  second;  V.  E.  Wenjanssea, 
Norwegian  Turn  &  A.  C,  83  points,  third;  B.  Jor- 
gensen,  Norwegian  Turn  &  A.  C,  81  points,  fourth. 
AU-Around — Won  by  J.  Oeszy,  West  Side  Y.  M. 
C.  A.,  392  1-2  points;  C.  Rottman,  Philadelphia 
Turngemeinde,  391  1-4  points,  second;  F.  J.  Kriz, 
Bohemian  Gym.  Ass'n,  385  points,  third;  B.  Jor- 
gensen,  Norwegian  Turn  &  A.  C,  384  points,  fourth. 
Club  Championship — Won  by  National  Turn  Verein, 
20  points;  Norwegian  Turn  &  A.  C,  19  points, 
second;  West  Side  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  17  1-2  points,  third: 
Philadelphia  Turngemeinde,   17  1-2  points,  fourth. 


Sporting  Records— Continued. 


507 


BASKETBALL. 

INTERCOLLEGIATE  LEAGUE— FINAL  STANDING. 


Team. 

W. 

L 

P.C. 

PtS. 

Goals 
Against 

Team. 

W. 

L. 

P.C. 

PtS. 

Goals 
Against 

Peniisylvanla. .   

9 

8 
7 

1 
2 
3 

.900 
.800 
.700 

256 
235 
250 

62 
59 
87 

Yale 

Columbia 

Dartmouth 

....     4 

....     2 
.  ..  .     0 

0 

s 

10 

.400 
.200 
.000 

218 
203 
132 

72 

Princeton 

110 

Cornell 

122 

WESTERN  INTERCOLLEGIATE  LEAGUE— FINAL  STANDING. 


Team. 

W. 

L. 

P.C. 

Total 

PtS. 

Opp. 

PtS. 

Team. 

W. 

L. 

P.C. 

Total 

PtS. 

Opt). 

PtS. 

Wisponsin 

9 

7 
5 
0 
0 

3 
3 
3 
6 
6 

.750 
.700 
.625 
.500 

269 
268 
222 
270 

234 
183 
186 

248 
238 

Purdue 

5 
5 
3 

4 
0 

5 
5 
3 
6 
10 

.500 
.500 
.500 
.400 

270 
284 
125 
225 

245 

"Minnesota 

Ohio 

307 

Northwestern 

Indiana 

126 

.301 

Ulinols 

.500 

291 

Michigan 

.000 

140 

273 

PACIFIC 

COAST  CONFERENCE. 

TEAM. 

W. 

L. 

P.C. 

Team. 

W. 

L. 

P.C. 

Oregon  Agricultural  College 

University  of  Oregon 

10 
3 

0 
6 

1.000 
.375 

Washington  State 

University  ot  Washington 

1 

2 

3 

8 

.260 
.200 

PACIFIC  NORTHWEST  CONFERENCE. 


Team. 

W. 

L. 

P.C. 

Team. 

W. 

L. 

P.C. 

University  of  Idaho 

Washington  State 

10 
6 

2 
6 

.833 
.500 

3 

1 

5 

7 

.375 

1  Whitman 

.125 

CALIFORNIA-NEVADA  LEAGUE. 


Team. 


St.  Mary's 

Stanford  Unjversity .... 
University  Of  California. 
University  of  Nevada. .. 


W. 


P.C. 


1.000 
.833 
.667 
.500 


Team. 


St.  Ignatius  College . 

Pacific  College 

Dairy  Farm 


W. 


P.C. 


.333 
.167 
.000 


AMATEUR  ATHLETIC  UNION. 
The  National  A.  A.  U.  Championship  Tournament  was  not  held.    The  Central  Association  A.  A.  U. 
Le.i^ue  race  resulted  as  follows: 


Team. 


Illinois  A.  C 

Fairbanks-Morse. .  .  . 
St.  John's  Mil.  Acad . 

Beslys,  Beloit 

Kent  College 


w. 

L. 

P.C. 

Total 
Pts. 

Opp. 
Pts. 

3 

0 

1.000 

59 

45 

3 

1 

.744 

78 

54 

2 

1 

.666 

80 

47 

1 

1 

.500 

31 

30 

1 

2 

.333 

52 

84 

Team. 


Beloit  College 

Detroit  Y.  M.  O 

Whiting  Owls 

Stoughton,  Wis 

Dubuque  College.  .  . . . 


W. 


L. 


P.C 


.000 
.000 
.000 
.000 
.000 


Total 
Pts. 


15 
18 
16 
20 
14 


Opp. 
Pts. 


30 
21 
21 
28 
23 


,.L 


LAWN 

NATibNAL  singles  championship.  Robert  Lindley 
Murray,  ,61  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  won  the  national 
singles  tournament  held  at  the  West  Side  Tennis 
Club,  Forest  Hills,  N.  Y.,  August  26.  He  defeated 
W.  T.  Tilden,  of  Philadelphia,  6 — 3,  6 — 1,  7 — 5. 

National  doubles  championship  tournament,  held 
at  the  Longwood  Cricket  Club,  Boston,  Mass., 
August  12.  Vincent  Richards  and  W.  T.  Tilden 
defeated  Fred  B.  Alexander  and  Beals  Wright,  6 — 3, 
6—4.  3—6,  2—6,  6—2. 

■  Women's  national  championship  tournament,  held 
at  the  Philadelphia  Cricket  Club,  St.  Martins, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  June  17.  Singles,  Final  Round — 
Miss  Eleanor  Goss  d.  Miss  Helena  Pollak,  6 — 2, 
7 — 5.  Challenge  Round — Miss  Molla  BJurstedt  d. 
Miss  Eleanor  Goss,  6 — 4,  6 — 3.  Doubles,  Final 
Round — Miss  Eleanor  Goss  and  Miss  Marion 
Zlnderstein  d.  Miss  Molla  BJurstedt  and  Mrs.  J. 
Rogge,  7—5,  8—6.  Mixed  Doubles,  Final  Round- 
Mrs.  George  W.  Wightman  and  Irving  C.  Wright  d. 
MIgS 'Molla  BJurstedt  and  Fred  B.  Alexander, 
ft-^2',"6-Hl. 

Clay  court  championship,  held  at  the  South  Side 
Tennis  Club,  Chicago,  111.,  June  29.  Singles— W.  T. 
Tilden  d.  C.  S.  Garland,  6 — 4,  6 — 4,  3—6,  6—2. 
Doubles — Chas.  S.  Garland  and  S.  T.  Hardy  d.  W. 
T.  Hayes  and  Ralph  H.  Burdlck,  6 — 4,  1—6,  6—2, 
7 — 9,  6 — 2.  Women's  singles — Miss  Carrie  B.  Neely 
d.  Mrs.  Yeager,  6 — 4,  6 — 2.  Women's  doubles — 
Mrs.  Esch  and  Mrs.  Field  d.  Miss  Neely  and  Mrs. 
Yeager,  6 — 4,  4 — 6,  6 — 4.  ,  ,    „  . 

Junior  and  Boys'  championships,  U.  S.  N.  L.  T  A., 
held  at  West  Side  Tennis  Club,  Forest  Hills,  N.  Y., 
August  28.  Junior — Harold  L.  Taylor  d.  J. 
Hennessey,  6 — 4,  6—2,  6—2.  Boys'— Vincent 
Richards  d.  A.  Bassford,  3d,  6 — 2,  9 — 7,  7—5. 

National  indoor  championship,  held  at  the  Seventh 


TENNIS. 

Regiment  Tennis  Club,  New  York  City,  March  25. 
Singles — S.  H.  Voshell  d.  Fred  Alexander,  7 — 5, 
6 — 2,  8 — 6.  Doubles — G.  C.  Shafer  and  K.  Smith  d, 
C.  Donaldson  and  W.  T.  Tilden,  7 — 5,  6—1,  6 — 4. 

Women's  national  indoor  championship,  held  at 
the  Seventh  Regiment  Tennis  Club,  March  30. 
Singles — Molla  BJurstedt  d.  Eleanor  Goss,  3—6, 
6 — 1,  6 — 4.  Doubles — Mrs.  S.  F.  Weaver  and  Miss 
Eleanor  Goss  d.  Mrs.  Homer  S.  Green  and  Miss 
Caroma  Winn,  6—3,  11—9.      ^        .       ^.      ,.  .^     ^ 

Father  and  Son  national  championship,  held  at 
the  West  Side  Tennis  Club,  August  26.  A.  H. 
Chapin  and  A.  H.  Chapln,  Jr.,  d.  F.  G.  and  F.  C. 
Anderson,  6 — 4,  8 — 6.  .   , ,         ^    „^ 

Veterans'  national  championship,  held  at  the  West 
Side  Tennis  Club,  August  26.  Ross  Burchard  &. 
Fred  G.  Anderson,  6 — 4,  6 — 4. 

Pacific  Northwest  championship,  held  at  tne 
Tacoma  Tennis  Club,  July  29.  Singles— H.  C. 
Breck  d.  H.  Hahn,  6—0,  0—6,  8—6,  6—4.  Women's 
singles — Miss  McDonald  d.  Miss  Llvlnston,  6 — 4, 
4 — g  6 — 1.  Doubles — Hahn  and  Richards  d.  Scott 
and  Wabraushek,  6—3.  4—6,  3---6.  6--4,  7--5. 

Border  States  championship,  held  at  the  El  Paso 
Country  Club,  El  Paso,  Texas,  May  30.  Singles- 
Norman  Ferguson  d.  E.  Simmons,  6— 3.  b — i,  (r—£. 
Women's  singles — Miss  Chesney  d.  Mrs.  Sutton, 

Southern  championship,  held  at  the  Atlanta 
Athletic  Club,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  July  1.  flne'es— C- Y- 
Smith  d.  E.  I.  Carter,  Jr.,  9—7,  6—3,  6—1.  Doubles 
— Grant  and  Thornton  d.  Carter  and  Orr,  6 — 4. 

National'  Girls'  championship,  held  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Cricket  Club,  St.  l^lartlns.  Chestnut  Hill, 
P.I.,  June  17.  Miss  Katharine  Portei"  d.  Miss  Dorothy 
Walker,  6—3.  8—6. 


508 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


SWIMMING. 

A.  A.  U.  Championslilps — The  Amateur  Athletic  Union  championship  competitions  were  held  In  vari- 
ous parts  of  the  country,  one  or  more  eventa  being  allotted  to  each  club.  The  event,  dat^i,  place,  and 
result  follow:  •     . 


NATIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIPS 
(OUTDOOK— MEN.) 

100-yard  straightaway — Held  under  the  auspices 
ol  Birmingham  A.  C,  Birmingham,  Ala.,  at  East 
Lake,  August  24;  won  by  Perry  McGiilivray,  Great 
Lakes  (111.)  Naval  Training  Station;  Herbert  Topp, 
Chicago  A.  A.,  second;  Charles  J.  Shields,  Gulfport 
(Miss.)  Naval  Training  Station,  third.  Time,  56  l-5s. 

440  yards — Held  under  the  auspices  of  the  South 
Shore  Country  Club,  Chicago,  111.,  August  24;  won 
by  W.  L.  Wallen,  Great  Lakes  Naval  Station; 
Herman  Laubis,  St.  Louis,  second;  John  Bennett, 
third.     Time,  5m.  57  4-5b. 

880  yards — Held  by  War  Work  Committee  of 
Metropolitan  Association,  A.  A.  U.,  for  entertain- 
ment of  sailors  at  Pelham  Bay  Naval  Training 
Station,  August  10;  won  by  W.  L.  Wallen,  Great 
Lakes  Naval  Training  Station;  Lieut.  Ludy  Langer, 
Camp  Hancock,  Ga.,  second;  Harold  Kruger,  Hono- 
lulu, third;  Leo  Gicbel,  unattached,  New  York, 
fourth.    Time,  lira.  27  3-53. 

50  yards — Held  by  Chicago  A.  A.,  Chicago,  HI., 
April  3. 

220  yards — ^Held  by  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  April  25; 


April  19;  won  by  H.  Q.  Taylor,  University  of  Pitts- 
burgh; C.  Leach,  Hamilton  Club,  Chicago,  second; 
A.  Kistler,  Civic  A.  C,  Pittsburgh,  third;  W.  J. 
Foster,  University  of  Pittsburgh,  foiu-th.  Time, 
Im.  17  2-5s. 

WOMEN. 

100-yard  straightaway — Held  by  Meadowbrook 
Club,  Philadelphia,  on  Schuylkill  River,  at  Lafayette, 
Pa.  August  31;  won  by  Charlotte  Boyle,  Women's 
Swimming  Ass'n  of  New  York;  Dorothy  Burns,  Los 
Angeles  A.  C,  second;  Gertrude  Artelt,  Philadelphia 
Turngemeinde,  third;  Bessie  Ryan,  First  Regiment 
Pool,  Philadelphia,  fourth.    Time,  Im.  11  3-5s. 

440  yards — Held  by  Women's  Swimming  Ass'n  of 
New  York,  aj;.^righton  Beach,  N.  Y.,  Augu.st  21; 
won  by  Mrs.  Claire  Galligan,  Women's  Swimming 
Ass'n  of  New  York;  Miss  Dorothy  Burns,  Los 
Angeles,  second;  Miss  Charlotte  Boyle,  Sea  Gate, 
third.     Time,  7m.  203. 

880  yards — Held  by  Women's  Swimming  Ass'n  of 
New  York,  at  Inlet  Terrace  Lagoon,  Belmar,  N.  J., 
August  17;  won  by  Claire  Galligan,  Women's  Swim- 
ming Ass'n  of  New  York.    Time,  l3m.  31  4-53. 

One  mile — Held  by  Neptune  Swimming  Club,  at 


won  by  Norman  Ros.s,  Olympic  Club,  San  Francisco;     Neptune  Beach,  Alameda,  Cal.,  September  22. 
Perry    McGiilivray,    Great    Lakes    Naval    Training'      «!">' 'U,,^ — xi..ih  k„  Tir„,«„„'=  a„,i,^ — i —  a.=.' 
Station,  second;  W.  H.  Wallen,  Great  Lakes  Naval 
Training  Station,  third;   Walter  C.  Earle,  Chicago 
A.  A.,  fourth.    Time,  2ra.  24  2-5s. 

100  yards — Held  by  Neptune. 

150-yard  back  stroke — Held  by  Detroit  A.  C, 
March  30;  won  by  Prfry  McGiilivray,  Great  Lakes 
Naval  Training  Station;  Norman  Ross,  Olympic 
Club,  second;  A.  Sicyel,  Illinois  A.  C,  third.  Time, 
Im  49  3-5s. 

Plunge  for  distfjice — Held  by  Detroit  A.  C, 
March  30;  won  by  Ben  H.  Princell,  Chicago  A.  A.; 
Fred  Jorn,  Detroit  V.  M.  C.  A.,  second;  Cyril  Carroll, 
unattached,  New  York,  third;  W.  H.  Cox,  Chicago 
A.  A.,  fourth.   Winner  plunged  75  ft.  in  41  l-5s. 

400-yard  relay  race — Held  by  Illinois  A.  C,  April 
4;  won  by  Illinois  A.  C;  Great  Lakes  Naval  Training 
Station,  second;  Chicago  A.  A.,  third.  Time,  3m. 
48  2-6s. 

One  mile — Held  by  Lincoln  Park  Boat  Club, 
Chicago,  111.,  September  2;  won  by  W.  A.  Wallen, 
Great  LaJces  Naval  Training  Station;  Herman 
Laubis,  Great- Lakes  Naval  Training  Station,  second. 
Time,  25m.  8  3-5s. 

High  dive — Held  by  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  at  the  Naval  Reserve  Training  Station. 
San  Pedro,  Cal.,  on  September  14;  won  by  Clyde 
Swendson,  U.  S.  Naval  Reserve,  San  Pedro;  Halg 
Prieste,  U.  S.  Submarine  Base,  San  Pedro,  second; 
W.  T.  Winder,  U.  S.  Balloon  School,  Arcadia,  Cal., 
third. 

Long  distance  (distunce  about  ten  miles  in  Dela- 
ware River) — Held  by  Riverton  Yacht  Club,  River- 
ton,  N.  J.,  August  24.  First  five  to  finish:  1.  Leo 
Geibel,  New  York,  2n.  Im.  20s.  2.  James  R.  Keiser, 
Reading,  Pa.,  2h.  7rei.  10s.  3.  John  C.  Metzger 
Detroit,  2h.  8m.  15s.  4.  C.  W.  Kaufman,  White^tone 
L.  I.,  2h.  12m.- 10s.  5.  Oscar  Schleif,  Philadelphia, 
2h.  13m.  25s. 

Fancy  dive — Held  by  Illinois  A.  C,  April  6;  won 
by  A.  W.  Haitung,  Illinois  A.  C;  W.  P.  Heyn, 
CSilcago  A.  A.,  second;  P.  A.  Bingham,  Illinois  A. 
C.jthh-d. 

Water  polo — Held  by  Illinois  A.  C,  April  4-5, 
won  by  Chicago  A.  A.  first  team;  Chicago  A.  A. 
second  team,  second.       ., 

100  yards — Held  by  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  April  12;  won  by  Clark  Leach,  Hamilton 
Club,  Chicago;  Leo  Geibel,  unattached,  New  York, 
second;  Leming  Jelllffe,  unattached.  New  York, 
third.     Time,  60  2-5s. 

500  yards — Held  by  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  April  25: 
won  by  Guy  Sylvester,  Los  Angeles  A.  C. ;  Kennetli 
Carreher,  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  second;  W.  P.  Lyon. 
Jr.,  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  third;  A.  E.  Summons,  Los 
Angeles  A.  C,  fourth.    Time,  7m.  31  4-53. 

100-yard  breast  stroke — Held  by  Idora  Swimming 
Club,  Oakland,  Cal.,  April  21;  won  by  D.  Julian, 
Olympic  Club,  San  Francisco:  I.  Messenger,  Los 
Angeles  A.  C,  second;  G.  Barton,  Piedmont  A.  C, 
third.     Time,  Im.  19=. 

100-yr.rd  back  stroke — Held  by  Pittsburgh  A.  A., 


High  dive — Held  by  Women's  Swimming  Ass'n  of 
New  York,  at  Throggs  Neck,  L.  I.,  September  29; 
won  by  Josephine  Bartlett,  Women's  Swimmins 
Ass'n  of  New  York. 

Long  distance  (about  three  miles  in  Detroit  River) 
— Held  by  Detroit  A.  C.  and  Detroit  Boat  Club 
September  7;  won  by  Claire  Galligan,  Women's 
Swimming  Ass'n  of  New  York;  Dorothy  Burns, ^Los 
Angeles  A.  C,  second:  Grace  Stewaa't,' Sf.i  Louis, 
third.    Time,  Ih.  24m.  3  I-5s.  '     ;  ,  ,  '< 

500  yards — Held  .by  Detroit  A.  C,  March  3();';Won 
by  Claire  Galligan,  Women's  Swimming  Ass'n  of 
New  York;  Olga  Dorfner,  Philadelphia  Turnge- 
meinde, second;  Charlotte  Boyle,  Women's  Swim- 
ming Ass'n  of  New  York,  third;  Thelma  Darby, 
Independent  A.  C,  fourth.    Time,  7m.  44  3-5s. 

220  yards — Held  by  Central  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  April  12;  won  by  Claire  Galligan,  Woman's 
Swimming  Ass'n  of  New  York;  Charlotte  Bayle, 
Women's  Swimming  Ass'n  of  New  York,  second; 
Gertrude  Artelt,  Philadelphia  Turngemeinde,  third. 
Time,  3m.  3  4-53. 

50  yards — Held  by  Idora  Swimming  Club,  Oakland, 
Cal.,  April  28;  won  by  Charlotte  Boyle,,  yv^orojen'-s 


156-yard  back  stroke — -Held  by  Idora  Swimming: 
Club,  Oakland,  Cal.,  May  5;  won  by  liorothy  BifrnS,; 
Los  Angeles  A.  C;  Leila  Dunkam,  Stocktoli  Swim- 
ming Club,  second:  Charlotte  Boyle,  Wbmen's 
Swimming  Ass'n  of  New  York,  third.  Time,  2m. 
32  l-5s. 

200-yard  breast  stroke — Held  by  Pittsburgh  A.  A., 
April  19;  won  by  Mabel  Arklle,  Philadelphia  Turn- 
gemeinde; Ruth  Smith,  A.  C.  of  Columbus,  second; 
Eleanor  Smith,  A.  C.  of  Columbus,  third;  Nevol 
Taylor,  Pittsburgh  A.  A.,  fourth.  Time,  3m.  27s. 
150-yard  back  stroke,  bath  (20),  7  turns,  2m.  343., 
Ruth  Smith,  Columbus  A.  C,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  April 
9,  1918;  100-yard  breast  stroke,  bath  (20),  4  turns, 
Im.  32  2-5s.,  Ruth  Smith,  Columbus  A.  C,  Columbus 
A-  C.  Bath,  Pittsburgh,  Pa,,  April  9,  1918:  200-yard 
breast  stroke,  bath  (20),  9  turns,  3m.  26s.,  Eleanor. 
Smith,  Columbus  A.  C,  Columbus  A.  C.  Bath,' 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  April  9,  1918:  bath  (25);  ■7;  turna,! 
3m.  27s.,  Mabel  Arklie,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  PittebiWgh 
A.  A.  Bath,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  April  19,  1918;  plunge 
for  distance,  54  feet,  Olga  Dorfner,  Philadelphia 
Turngemeinde,  Germantown,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
April  14,   1917. 

A.  A.   U.   RECORDS. 

American  records  are  recognized  over  the  follow- 
ing distances,  If  made  over  a  course  not  less  than 
60  feet  and  not  more  than  220  yards  In  length; 
50  yards,  100  yards,  120  yards,  150  yards,  200 
yards,  220  yards,  300  yards,  440  and  500  yards, 
for  swimming  on  the  back;  100  yards  and  15() 
yards,  for  swimming  the  breast  stroke;  100  and 
200  yards,  for  relay  racing  club  teams  of  4  or  5 
men,  each  man  to  swim  50  and  100  yards;  and 
over  the  following  distances  if  made  over  a  course 


Sporting  Records — Continued. 


509 


SWIMMING — Continued. 


not  less  than  220-  feet  and  not  more  than  220  yards 
in   length:   880   yards,    1,000   yards   and   one   mile. 
For  plunging,  one  minute  time  limit.     In  addition 
to  distances  mentioned  above,  all  records  over  dis- 
tances in  metres,  if  made  under  record  conditions  ol 
the    InternaUonal    Swimming    Federation,    are    ac- 
knowledged as  American  records.     Figures  in  paren- 
ttieses  indicate  length  ol  course  in  yards  unless  stated 
otherwise.     SO  yards,  bath  (100  teet) ,  I  turn,  23  2-5s., 
Duke  P.  Kahanamoku,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  August 
6,  1913;  50  yards,  open  tidal  salt  water,  straightaway, 
238  ,  Duke  P.  Kahanamoku,  Honolulu  Bay,  Honolulu, 
H.  T.,  June  11,  1915  (swimmer  was  not  aided  by  the 
tide);  100  yards,  bath  (75  yards,  salt  water),  1  turn, 
54  2-5s.,   Duke   P.   Kahanamoku,   Honolulu,   Sutro 
Baths,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  July  17,  1915;  bath  (20), 
4    turns,    548.,    Perry    McGillivray,    Chicago,    111., 
February  3,  191(5;  open  tidal  salt  water,  straighta- 
way, 53s..  Duke 'P.  Kahanamoliu,  Hui  Nalu,  Hono;; 
lulu,  Honolulu  Harbor,  H.  T.,  September,  5,  1917 
(swimmer  waa  not  aided  by  the  tide);  120  yards, 
bath  (25),  4  turns,  Im.  lOs..  C.  M.  Daniels,  New  York 
City.  December  9,  1908;  bath   (20),  5  turns,   Im. 
8  2-53..  Perry  McGillivray.  Illinois  A.  C,  llUnois  A.  C. 
Bath,  Chicago,  lU.,  January  8,  1914;  150  yards,  bath 
(25)  5  turns,  Im.  29  4-5s.,  H.  E.  Vollmer,  New  York 
City,  January   10,   1916;  200  yards,   bath   (20),   9 
turns,  2m.  7  2-58.,  H.   J.  Hebner,  Illinois  A.   C., 
lUinois  A.  C.  Bath,  Chicago.  111.,  January  8,  1914; 
bath  (25).  7  turns.  2m.  8s.,  Norman  Ross,  Olympic 
Club,  San  Francisco,  New  York  A.  C.  Bath,  New 
York   City,   March  27,   1917;   bath    (75),   2   turns 
(salt  water),  2m.  13  l-5s.,  Duke  P.  Kahanamoku, 
Hui  Nalu,  Honolulu,  H.  T.,  Sutro  Baths.  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  July  4,  1914;  220  yards,  bath  (25),  8 
turns,  2m.-  23  2-5s.,  H.  E.  Vollmer,  New  York  City, 
April 'lOT  1916;  bith  (20),  10  turns,  2m.  21s..  H.  J. 
Hebner,  Illinois  A.  C,  Illinois  A.  C.  Bath,  Chicago, 
in.,  Janiiary'S,  1914;  bath  (100  ft.).  6  turns,  2m. 
21  3-5S.,  Norman  Ross,  Stanford  University,  Olympic 
Club  Bath,  San  Francisco.  November  24.  1916;  open 
tidal  salt  water  (100).  2  turns,  2m.  24  l-5s.     Perry 
McGillivray.  Illinois  A.  C.  Chicago.  Honolulu  Har- 
bor. H.  T..  February  24,  1917;  300  yards,  bath  (25), 
11  turuB,  3m.  288.,  T.  H.  Cann,  New  York  A.  C., 
New  York  A.  C.  Bath,  New  York  City,  March  14, 
1917;  bath  (20),  14  turns,  3m.  26  l-5s..  Perry  McGil- 
livray, Illinois  A.  C.  Bath,  Chicago,  111.,  February 
4,  1915;  440  yards,  bath  (25),  17  turns,  5m.  16  2-5s  , 
Norman  Ross,  Olympic  Club,  San  Francisco,  Detroit 
A.  C.  Bath,  Detroit,  Mich..  March  31.  1917;  open 
tidal  'salt  Wter;  (lp(».^4   turns,    5m     17s..   Ludy 
Lander,  J^bs  Angeles  A.  C.  Honolulu  Harbor,  H.  T., 
Febvual-f.24,  J9l7;  500  yards,  bath  (25).  19  t"™/, 
6m  '  5- 3-53.1    Normap    Ross,    Olympic   Club,    San 
Frapci^cb,  'Detroit    A.    C.    Bath.     Detroit,     Mich., 
March Vl,  1917;  open  salt  water  (100).  4  turns,  6m. 
11  VW.'Ludy  Langer,  Honolulu,  H.  T.,  September 
2,  1916;' 880. yards,  bath  (75.  salt  water).  11  turns. 
11m.  46  2-5a.,  Ludy  Langer,  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  Sutro 
Baths,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  July  3,  1914;  open  tidal 
salt  water  (100).  8  turns.   11m.  27  3-5s.,  Norman 
Ross.    Olympic     Club,    San     Francisco.    Honolulu 
Harbor.    H.   T..   September   6,    1917;    1,000   yards, 
open  salt  water  (100).  9  turns,  13m    7  2-5s.,  Ludy 
Langer,  Honolulu.  H.  T.,  September  4,  1916;  1  mile, 
open  tidal  salt   water   (110).   16  turns.  24m.   10s 
Norman  Ross,  Olympic  Club,  San  Francisco,  Coro- 
nado  Tent  City.'cal.,  July  4,   1917;   100  metres 
bath  (25),  4  turns,  Im.  2  4-5s.,  C.  M.  Daniels,  New 
York,  AprU  15,  1910;  200  metres,  bath  (100"),  .6 
turnsl'2m.  21  3-59.,  Norman  Ross,  Stanford  Um- 
versSy,  Olympic  Club  Bath,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
NoVe&W,24,    1916;    300    metres,    bath    (25),    13 
turns.    3m.    55    2-5s..    H.    E.    Vollmer.    New    York 
City,  July  18.  1916;  500  metres,  bath  (25),  21  turns, 
6m.  51  3-5S..  H.  E.  Vollmer,  New^York  City.  July 
18,     1916.    Swimming    on    the    back-— 100   yards, 
bath  (25).  3  turns,  ImT  8  2-5s.,  H.  J.  Hebner,  Crystal 
Bath,   St.   Louis,   Mo.,  April   1,   1911.   and   Russell 
Dean,  New  York  City.  Inarch  15.  1916;  100  yards, 
backstroke,  open  tidal  salt  water,  straightaway,  Im. 
8   l-5s.,   Harold   Kruger,   H.   Y.   B.   C.,   Honolulu. 
Honolulu    Harbor.    H.    T..    September    5,    1917. 
400    yards.  4    men.  100  yards  each,  bath  (20).  3m 
42  3-5S.,  Illinois  A.  C.  team  (A.  C.  Raithel.   55s 
Wm.  yosburgh.  57  2-5s^  H.  J.  Hebner    o5s;  Perry 
McGiULvray.  55  l-5s.).  Chicago.  111.,  April  27,  1916, 
4  menTeach  100  yards  bath  (25).  3m.  52  4-5s..  Illinois 
AC.  team  (A.  C.  Raithel.  58  3-5s.:  Wm.  Vosburgh. 


59  l-5s.;  Perry  McGillivray,  57s.;  H.  J.  Hebner, 
58s.).  New  York  A.  C.  Bath,  New  York  City.  May 
4.  1914;  4  men,  open  still  water,  100-yard  course,  3m. 
67  l-5s..  Illinois  A.  C.  team  (H.  J.  Hebner.  Im.; 
M.  R.  Mott.  Im.  2s.;  A.  C.  Raithel.  57  l-5s.;  Perry 
McGillivray.  58s.).  Broad  Ripple  Pool.  Indianr.ijolis, 
Ind.,  July  31,  1914;  relay  racing,  500  yards,  5  men, 
100  yards  each,  bath  (20).  4m.  40  3-5s..  Illinois  A.  C. 
team  (A.  C.  Raithel.  65a.:  Wm.  Vosburgh.  57  2-58.; 
H.  J.  Hebner.  553.;  Perry  McGillivray.  55  1-58.; 
D.  L.  Jones,  58s.),  Chicago,  111.,  April  27.  1916;  5 
men,  100  yards  each,  bath  (25),  4m.  53  3-5s.,  New 
York  A.  C.  team  (J.  C.  Wb«atley,  59  4-58. ;  H.  E.  Voll- 
mer, 57s.;  Walter  Ramme,  58  4-53.:  N.  T.  Nericb, 
59  1-53.:  H.  O'Sullivan.  68  4-5s.),  New  York  A.  C. 
Bath,  New  York  City,  April  8,  1915;  plunging,  Im. 
time  limit,  bath,  80  feet,  F.  B.  Willla,  PhiladelphJs, 
Pa.,  March  9.  1912. 

LADIES'  RECORD. 
100  yards,  bath  (20),  4  turns,  Im.  7  3-5s.,  Olga 
Dorfner,   Philadelphia  Turngemeinde  Bath,   Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  April  16,  1917:  100  yards,  open  tidal 
salt  water,  straightaway.   Im.  7  4-5s..  Dorothy  G. 
Burns,  Los  Angeles  A.  C,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  Hono- 
lulu Harbor,  H.  T.,  September  5,  1917. 
AMATEUR     SWIMMING     RECORDS     MADE 
1918— MEN. 
120-yard  open  still  salt  water  (100),  1  turn.  Im. 
7  2-5s..    Duke    P.    Kahanamoku,    Hui    Nalu    Club, 
Honolulu,  H.  T.,  Bronx  Exposition  Pool.  New  York 
City,  August  12,  1918;  200-yard  bath  (20),  9  turns, 
2m     6  4-5s.,    Norman    Ross,    Olympic    Club,    San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  Illinois  A.  C.  Bath,  Chicago,  111., 
April  4,   1918;   220-yard  bath   (20).   10  turns,  2m. 
20  l-5s.,  Norman  Ross,  Olympic  Club,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  Illinois  A.  C.  Bath.  Chicago.  III.,  Apnl 
4.  1918;  open  still  water,  straightaway,  2m.  21  l-5s.. 
Perry    McGillivray,    Great    Lakes    Naval    Station, 
Lincoln  Park  Lagoon,  Chicago,  111.,  July  13.  1918; 
300-yard  bath  (20),  14  turns,  3m.  16  3-5s.,  Norman 
Ross,  Olympic  Club,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Illinois  A. 
C   Bath,  Chicago.  111.,  April  4.  1918;  400-yard  bath 
(20).  21  turns,  6m.  8  4-53..  Norman  Ross.  Olympic 
Club.    San    Francisco,    Cal.,    Illinois    A.    C.    Bath, 
Chicago.  111.,  April  10, 1918;  open  still  water,  straight- 
away   5m    26s.,  W.  L.  Wallen,  Great  Lakes  Naval 
Station,   Lincoln  Park   Lagoon    Chicago,  III.,   July 
14.  1918;  500-yard  bath  (20),  24  turns.  5m.  53  2-5s., 
Norman  Ross,  Olympic  Club.  San  Fraacisco.  Cal., 
Illinois  A.   C.  Bath.   Chicago,   III.,  April  10.   1918; 
100-metre,  open  still  salt  water  (100),  1  turn,  Im. 

1  2-5s..  Duke  P.  Kahanamoku,  Hui  Nalu  Club, 
Honolulu,  H.  T.,  Bronx  Exposition  Pool,  New  York 
City,  August  9.  1918;  open  tidal  salt  water.  Im.  4-5s., 
Duke  Kahanamoku.  Hui  Nalu  Club.  Honolulu,  H. 
T     Inlet  Terrace  Lagoon,  Belmar,  N.  J.,  September 

2  '  1918;  100-yard  back  stroke,  open  stUl  salt  water, 
straightaway,  Im.  10  2-5s.,  Harold  Kruger,  Hui 
Nalu  Club,  Honolulu,  H.  T.,  Neptune  Beach  Pool, 
Alameda,  Cal.,  June  8,  1918;  150-yard  back  stroke, 
bath  (25),  5  turns,  Im.  48  l-5s..  Perry  McGillivray, 
Great  Lakes  Naval  Training  Station,  at  Detroit  A. 
C  Bath,  Detroit,  Mich.,  March  30,  1918;  open  tidal 
salt  water  (75),  1  turn,  Im.  54  4-5s.,  Harold  Kruger. 
Hui  Nalu  Cliib,  Honolulu,  H.  T.,  Inlet  Terrace 
Lagoon? Belmar.  N.  J.,  September  2,  1918;  100-metre 
back  stroke,  open  still  water,  straightaway,  Im. 
17  1-6S.,  Hafold  Kruger,  Hui  Nalu  Club,  Honolulu. 
H  T.,  Lincoln  Park  Lagoon,  Chicago,  111.,  July  13. 
1918-  200-yard  (100),  open  tidal  water,  2m.  11  2-58., 
Duke  Kahanamoku,  Honolulu,  H.  T,  at  Inlet 
Terrace  Lagoon.  Belmar,  N.  J.,  August  17,  1918. 

WOMEN'S  RECORDS. 
100-yard  straightaway,  open  still  water,  lm_^6  2-53., 
Olga  Dormer,  Philadelphia  Gymnasium  Soc,  at 
Neptune  Beach  Pool,  Alameda,,  Cal.,  July  20,  1918: 
200-yard  open  still  water  (100),.  2  turns,  2m. 
56  2-5s7  Olga  Dorfner,  Philadelphia  Gymnasium 
Soc.  at  Neptune  Beach  Pool,  Alameda  C^.  J^y 
21.  1918:  880-yard  open  atUI  water  (100),  8  turns^ 
13m  46  2-5S.,  Frances  Cowellfl,  at  Neptune  Beach 
pSoI,  Alameda,  Cal...  August  26,  191«;^'^00-ySF'J 
relay,  team  of  i  each  to  swim  100  yards,  bath  (20). 
5m  6s7  miadelphia  Turners  Team  (Olga  Dorfner. 
M  Arklie  Eliz.  Becker,  Helen  Pennypacker), 
Philadelphia  Turners  Bath.  Pli»adelph  a  Pa  ,  April 
27,  1918:  100-yard  back  stroke  bath  (20),  4  turn^ 
Im.  37  1-5S.,  Ruth  Smith,  Columbus  A.  C.,Columbua 
A.  C.  Bath,  Pittsburgh,  Pa..  April  9.  1918. 


510 


Sporting  Records— Coniimied. 


3WIMMING — Continued. 


WORLD'S   SWIMMING    HECORDS. 


DISTANCE. 


50  3  ards 
100  yards 
100  metres 
120  yards. 
150  yards. 
200  yards. 
200  metres 
220  yards. 
300  yards. 
400  metres 
440  yards. 
BOO  metres 
BOO  yards. 
830  yards. 

1,000  yards. 

1,320  yards. 

1  mile.  . . 

2  miies.  . 


AMATEUR  Records. 


Made  in  Bath. 


Holder. 


D.  P.  Kiihanamoku  (A.) 

P.  McGillivray  (.\.) 

Norman  Ross  (A.) 

]'.  McGillivrav  (A.) 

H.  E.  VoUmer  (A.) 

Norman  Ross  (A.) 

Norman  Ross  (A.) 

Norman  Ross  (A.) 

Norman  Ross  (A.) 

Norman  Rosa  (A.) 

Norman  Ross  (A.) 

H.  E.  VoUmer  (A.) 

Norman  Roas  (A.) 

B.  Kieran  (Aus.) 

B.  Kieran  (Aus.) 

C.  M.  Daniels  (A.) 

B.  Kieran  (Aus.) 

Geo.  Read  (Aus.) 


Time. 


M.        8. 

23  2- 

54 

1.01 

1.08  2 

'1.29  4 

2.06  1 

2.21  3- 

2.20  1- 

3.16  3- 

5.16  2- 

5.08  4- 

6.51  .■? 

5.53  2- 

11.11  3- 

12.52  2 

17.45  4- 

23.16  4 

54.54 


Made  In  Open  Water. 


Holder. 


P.  Kah'oku  (A.) . 
P.  Kah'olui  (A.). 
P.  Kah'oku  (A.). 


C.  Healy  (Aus.) . 


McGillivray  (A.). 
Kierau  lAus.)  .  . 

Langer  (A.) 

Langer  (A.) 


Langer  (A.) 

Taylor  (K.) 

Langer  (A.) 

Longworth  (Aus.) 
R.  Hodgson  (C.). 
Longworth  (Aus.) 


Time. 


M.     8. 
23 
63 
1.00  4-5 


2.21  1-5 
3.31  4-5 
B.17 
5.17 


6.11  2-5 

11.25  2-5 
13.07  2-5 
17.42 
23.34 H 
51.32 


Professional  Recirds. 

Open  Water.     Others 
Made  in  Baths. 


Holder. 


A.  Wickham  (Aus ) 


G.  R.  Dungan  (A.) 
G.  R.  Dungan  (A.) 
D.  Billlneion  (E.) 


D.  Billtngton  (E.) 
D.  Billineton  (E.) 


D.  BilUngton  (E.) 


D.  Billington 
D.  Billington 
D.  Billington 
D.  Billington 
D.  Billington 


(E.). 
(E.). 
(E.). 
(R.). 
E.). 


Timn. 


M.    s. 


1.00  4-5 


1.13 

1.34  3-5 
2.18  1-5 


2.34  4-5 
3.32 


5.26 


6.18 
11.37 
13.26 
17.36  2-5 
24.11  1-5 


RECORDS*    OF    WOMIi;V. 


100  yards . . 
100  metres. 
220  yards. . 
300  yards. . 
300  metres. 


Fanny  Durack  (Aus.) . 
Fanny  Durack  (Aus.) . 
Fanny  Durack  (Aus.) . 
Fanny  Durack  (Aus.) . 
Fanny  Durack  (Au.i.) . 


M.  a. 

1.06 

1.17 

2.53 

4.13 

4.-13 


440  yards. . 

500  yards.. . 

880  yards... 

1  mile. . . . 


Fanny  Durack  (Aus.) . 
Fanny  Durack  (Aus.) . 
Fanny  Durack  (Ans.) . 
Fanny  Durack  (Aus.) . 


f.i.  3, 

fi.03 

7.03  1-5 
12.5^ 
26.08 


Swimming  on  toe  hack — 100  yards.  Harold  Kruger, 
A.),  Im.  8  l-5s.;  professional,  G.  Richard  Dungan 
A.),  Im.  12  l-5s.;  150  yards.  H.  J.  Hebner  (A.),  Im. 
J9  3-5s.;  breast  stroke,  200  yards,  M.  McDermott 
(A),  2m  38  2-5s.;  plunge  for  distance  (Im.  time 
limit),  W.  Taylor  (E.),  82  feet  7  inches;  under 
water  swimming,  E.  P.  Swatek  (A.),  106  yards  2 
leet;  relay  racing,  5  men,  500  yards,  Illinois  A.  C., 
Chicago,  (A.),  t4m.  40  3-5s.,  Illinois  A.  C.,  Chicago, 
(A.  C.  Raithel,  55s.;  Wm.  Vosburgh,  57  2-5s..  H.  J. 


.January  18,  New  Haven — Yale,  42;  Pennsylvania 
11. 

February  9,  Annapolis — Pittsburgh,  26;  Navy,  17. 

February  16,  Providence — Brown,  26;  Andover, 
24.  Philadelphia — Yale,  35;  Pennsylvania,  18. 
Mlddletown — Wesleyan,  34;  Springfield  Y.  M.  C.  A., 
16.  New  York  City— Princeton,  30;  C.  C.  N.  Y., 
21. 

February  19,  New  York  City — Columbia,  39; 
G.  C.  N.  Y.,  13. 

February  20,  New  Haven — Yale,  38;  Brown,  15. 

February  22,  Princeton — Princeton,  25;  Columbia, 
1.  New  York  City — Pennsylvania,  48;  C.  C.  N.  Y., 
6.    New  York  City— N.  Y.  A.  C,  38;  Yale,  15. 


COLLEGE   SWIMMING— DUAL   MEETS. 


Hebner,  55s.;  P.  McGillivray,  55  l-Ss.;  D.  L.  Jones, 
58s.).  Swimming  in  English  Channel — Captain 
Matthew  Webb  (E.),  August  24-25,  1875,  Dover  to 
Calais,  21h.  45m.;  T.  W.  Burgess,  an  Englishman 
living  In  Paris,  September  5-6,  1911,  South  Foreland, 
England,  to  Le  Chatelet,  France,  22h.  35m:  ■  ]Made 
in  20-yard  bath;  minimum  leugth  of  25  yanis  re- 
quired by  rules  of  International  .Swimming  Federa- 
tion. (A.)  American,  (Aus.)  Australian,  (C.) 
Canadian,  (E.)  English. 


February  23,  Mlddletown — Massachusetts  Tech., 
31;  Wesleyan,  22. 

February    26,    New    York    City — Princeton,    44: 
Columbia,  8. 

March    1,    New    York    City — Pennsylvania,    48; 
Columbia,  5.    New  Haven — Yale,  30;  Princeton,  23. 

March  2,  New  Haven — Yale,  43;  Harvard,  10. 

March  5,  New  Haven — Yale,  45;  Columbia,  8. 

March    8,    Princeton — Princet(>n,    38s  ;Penngyl- 
vania,   15.  i  '     i:  ■<     ; 

March  9,  New  Haven — Yale,  38;  Princeton;  15, 
Mlddletown — Wesleyan,  27f  Amherst,  26.     '  '• ' 

March    15,   Philadelphia — Pennsylvania,   42;   Co- 
lumbia, 11.  -  .     .. 

March  16,  Princeton — Yale,  30;  Princeton,  23. 


40  yards,  bath  (20),  19s.,  W.  C.  Earle,  Chicago 
University,  at  Annapolis,  February  21,  1916;  50 
yards,  bjith  (25),  25  1-53.,  S.  E.  Hoadley,  Yale,  at 
New  Haven,  December  11,  1914;  100  yards,  bath 
(25),  56  2-5s.,  Herbert  VoUmer,  Columbia,  at  New 
York,  February  18,  1916;  220  yards,  bath  (100  feet), 
2m.  318.,  Eben  Cross,  Princeton,  at  Princeton, 
February  20,  1914;  440  yards,  bath  (20),  5m.  47  4-5s., 
R.  Simonson,  Northwestern,  at  Evanston,  111., 
March  17,  1916.  Relay  racing — 160  yards,  bath 
(20),  Im.  20s.,  Chicago  University  (Earle,  Meine, 
O'Connor,  Pavlicek),  at  Annapolis,  February  21, 
1916;  200  yards,  bath  (25),  Im.  42  l-5s.,  Yale  (L.  A. 
Ferguson,  C.  N.  Schlaet,  R.  Mayer  and  R.  Thomas) 


AMERICAN    INTERCOLLEGIATE    RECORDS. 


at  New  Haven,  Ct.,  February  28,  1917;  800  feet, 
bath  (100  feet),  2m.  30s.,  Yale  (Mayer,  Sumners, 
Marr,  Roberts),  at  Princeton,  February  27,  1914; 
400  yards,  bath  (20),  4m.  1  2-5s.,  Yale  (Mayer, 
Rosener,  Schlaet,  Ferguson),  at  Chicago,  April  23, 
1916.  Back  stroke — 150  yards,  bath  (20),  Im.  50 
2-5s.,  C.  B.  Pavlicek,  Chicago  University,  at  Chicago, 
February  22,  1916.  Breast  stroke — 200  yards, 
bath  (20),  2m.  45  2-53.,  Herbert  Taylor,  Wisconsin 
University,  at  Madison,  Wis.,  March,  1915.  Plunge 
for  distance — One  minute  time  limit,  78  feet.  Carl 
G.  Lehman,  Pennsylvania,  at  Philadelphia,  February 
7,  1916;  for  speed— bath  (60),  18  4-5s.,  J.  C.  Red- 
mond, Chicago  University,  at  Chicago,  February 
2fi,  1916. 


NATIONAL  INTERSCHOLASTIC  CHAMPIONSHIPS. 


•  Held  at  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia, 
January  28:  won  by  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute 
fftth  21  points.  Individual  events  (finals  only): 
■  800-foot  relay  race  (selected  on  times  made  in 
trial  heats) — Won  by  Poly  Prep  of  Brooklyn;  West 
Philadelphia  High  School  second  team,  second: 
Mercersburg,  third.  Time,  2m.  40s.  50  yards — Won 
by  Leo  Giebel,  Berkeley-Irving,  New  York;  Genthner, 
Poly  Prep,  Brooklyn,  second;  Holt,  West  Philadel- 
phia, third:  Davis,  Mercersburg,  fourth.  Time, 
26  l-5s.  (Equals  Interscholastlc  record  made  by 
Ted  Cann  in  1915).  100  yards — Won  by  Jeliiffe, 
Poly  Prep,  Brooklyn:  Genthner,  Poly  Prep,  second: 
Chase,  Berkeley-Irving,  third;  tie  between  Croweii, 


West  Philadelphia  High,  and  Cooper,  LawrenceviUe, 
for  fourth  place.  Time,  Im.  2s.  500  yards — Won  by 
Leo  Giebel,  Berkeley-Irving;  Greene,  West  Philar 
delphia  High  School,  second;  Phillips,  Mercersburg, 
third:  Simonds,  LawrenceviUe,  fourth.  Time, 
6m.  48  2-5s.  Fancy  diving — Won  by  Reid,  Mercers- ■ 
burg;  Mayer,  Central  High  School  of  New  Jersey, 
second;  Luke,  LawrenceviUe,  third:  Maxwell,  Law- 
renceviUe, fourth.  Plunge  for  distance — Won  by 
Schuredt,  Western  High  School,  Detroit:  Hahn, 
Rutgers  Prep,, second;  Monroe,  Mercersburg,  4hird; 
Sherman,  M:ft-quand  School  of  Brooklyn,  fourth. 
Distance  of  winner,  79  feet.  (New  interscholastio 
record:  former  mark,  68  feet,  made  by  Hltchkiss, 
LawrenceviUe.) 


Pulitzer  Prizes  and  Traveling  Scholarships,  1918.  513 


^<^  PULITZER    FREE    SCHOLARSHIPS. 

By  the  will  ol  the  late  Joseph  Pulitzer,  provision  was  made  for  the  perpetuation  of  the  plan  of  scholar- 
ship aid  to  deserving  graduates  of  the  Public  High  Schools  of  the  City  of  New  York,  which  had  been  estab- 
lished by  Mr.  IMlitzer  in  1889  and  maintained  by  him  until  his  death.  This  aid  is  an  allowance,  to  success- 
ful competitors,  of  S250  for  each  of  the  four  years  of  a  course  in  any  first-class  college  in  the  United  States 
which  they  may  choose.  Successful  competitors  who  choose  Columbia  University  will  receive  in  addition 
to  the  allowance  free  tuition  in  Columbia  College,  or  in  the  Schools  of  Mines,  Engineering  and  Chemistry, 
Architecture  or  Journalism.  Those  who  enter  any  other  college  of  the  first  rank  will  receive  the  annual 
allowance,  but  must  provide  their  own  tuition  fees. 

The  method  of  selection  is  as  foUow.s:  Any  boy  who  is  a  member  of  the  graduating  class  of  any  of  the 
Public  High  Schools  of  the  City  of  New  York  and  who  desires  to  compete  will  be  required  to  obtain  from 
his  principal  a  certificate  attesting  to  his  eUgibility  under  the  philanthropic  phase  of  the  plan,  and  one 
from  his  parents  or  guardian,  stating  the  fact^  that  make  them  unable  to  give  him  a  college  education  with- 
out the  help  ol  a  scholarship.  Blanks  for  these  purposes  may  be  obtained  from  the  principal.  The  ap- 
plicant will  then  be  required  to  take  the  June  examinations  of  the  College  Entrance  Examination  Board 
at  Columbia  University  in  enough  subjects  to  complete  the  entrance  requirements  of  the  college  or  tech- 
nical school  he  purposes  to  enter.  A  candidate  may  present  himself  for  examination  as  he  prefers  at  one 
or  two  series  of  the  examinations  of  the  Board  subject  to  the  following  conditions:  (1)  That  at  each  series 
of  examinations  at  which  a  candidate  presents  liimself  all  the  subjects  must  be  offered  for  which  certlfl- 
Ciition  has  been  made  by  the  candidate's  school  on  the  application  to  the  Board.  (2)  While  a  candidate 
may,  for  admission  to  college,  take  examination  on  any  given  subject  more  than  once,  the  first  mark  re- 
ceived by  him  therein  shall  be  the  mark  used  in  computing  his  relative  standing  in  the  Pulitzer  scholar- 
shlp  contest.  (3)  A  candidate  who  graduates  in  the  winter  must  take  his  final  examinations  in  the  next 
succeeding  month  of  June.  If  he  takes  liis  examinations  in  two  Series,  the  preliminary  examinations  must 
be  taken  in  the  month  of  June  next  preceding  graduation.  (4)  A  candidate  who  graduates  in  the  summer 
must  take  his  final  examinations  in  the  month  of  June  in  the  year  of  his  graduation.  If  he  takes  his  ex- 
aminations in  two  series,  the  preliminary  examinations  must  be  taken  in  the  month  of  June  next  preceding 
his  final  examinations. 

When  the  results  of  the  college  entrance  examinations  have  been  ascertained,  the  committee  will  make 
up  a  list  ol  the  applicants  who  have  passed  the  best  examinations,  and  from  this  list,  after  a  close  investi- 
gation of  need  for  material  assistance  and  probability  of  future  value  to  the  community,  will  select  the 
requisite  number  to  fill  such  vacancies  as  exist  in  the  full  quota  of  forty  scholarships.  They  will  not,  in 
any  case,  be  awarded  upon  scholarship  alone. 


PULITZER    PRIZES    AND    TRAVELING    SCHOLARSHIPS,    1918. 

[AWARDED  at  commencement,  Columbia  University,  1918,  upon  decision  of  the  juries  respectively, 
as  confirmed  bv  the  Advisory  Board  ol  the  School  of  Journalism,  consisting  of  Nicholas  Murray  Butler, 
President  of  the  University;  Solomon  B.  Griffin,  Springfield  (Massachusetts),  RepiMican;  John  Langdon 
Heaton,  The  World,  New  York;  George  S.  Johns,  St.  Louis  Post-Despatch;  Victor  Fremont  Lawgon,  Chicago 
Dailu  News;  Charles  Ransom  Miller,  New  York  Times;  Edward  Page  Mitchell,  New  York  Sun;  Ralph 
Pulitzer,  The  World;  New  York;  Melville  Elijah  Stone,  New  York  Associated  Press;  Charles  H.  Taylor, 
Boston  Glol)e,  and  Samuel  Calvin  Wells,  Philadelphia  Press.] 

A.  PRIZES  IN  Journalism;  Jury — Director  Talcott  Williams  of  the  School  of  Journalism;  Prof.  W. 
B.  Pitkin,  Prof.  K.  C.  E.  Brown,  Prof.  J.  T.  Grady,  and  R.  E.  MacAlarney.  (1)  For  the  best  and  most 
suggestive  paper  on  the  future  development  and  improvement  of  the  School  of  Journalism,  or  for  any  one 
idea  that  will  promise  great  improvement  in  the  operation  of  the  School,  SI, 000.     No  award. 

(2)  For  the  most  disinterested  and  meritorious  public  service  rendered  by  any  American  newspaper 
during  the  year,  a  gold  medal  costing  S500.  Awarded  to  the  New  York  Times,  lor  printing,  in  full,  valu- 
able documents  affecting  the  issues  of  the  war. 

(3)  For  the  best  history  of  the  services  rendered  to  the  public  by  the  American  press  during  the  pre- 
ceding year,  Sl.OOO.     Awarded  to  Minna  Lewinson  and  Henry  Beetle  Hough,  1918  Journalism. 

(4)  For  the  best  editorial  article  written  during  the  year,  the  test  of  excellence  being  clearness  of  style,  moral 
purpose,  sound  reasoning  and  power  to  influence  public  opinion  in  the  right  direction,  S500.  Awarded 
to  the  Louisville  Courier- Journal,  lor  the  editorial  article  "Vae  Vlctis!"  published  April  7,  1918,  and  the 
fditorial  "War  Has  Its  Compensation,"  published  April  10,  1918. 

(5)  For  the  best  example  of  a  reporter's  work  during  the  year;  the  test  being  strict  accuracy,  terse- 
ness, the  accomplishment  of  some  public  good  commanding  public  attention  and  respect,  81,000.  Awarded 
for  the  series  ol  articles  published  in  the  New  York  Evening  Post  exposing  abuses  in  and  leading  to  reform 
of  the  New  Jersey  State  prison  by  Harold  A.  Littledale. 

B.  PRIZES  IN  LETTERS — (1)  For  the  American  novel  published  during  the  year  which  shall  best  pre- 
sent the  wholesome  atmosphere  of  American  life,  and  the  highest  standard  of  American  manners  and  man- 
hood, S1,000.  Jury^Robert  Grant,  Chairman;  W.  M.  Payne,  W.  L.  Phelps.  Awarded  to  "His  Family," 
by  Ernest  Poole,  published  by  the  Macmillan  Company,  New  York,  1917. 

(2)  For  the  original  American  play,  performed  in  New  York  during  the  year,  which  shall  best  repre- 
sent the  educational  value  and  power  of  the  stage  in  raising  the  standard  of  good  morals,  good  taste  and 
good  manners,  81,000.  Jury — Augustus  Thomas,  Chairman;  Richard  Burton,  Hamlin  Garland.  Awarded 
to  "Why  Marry,"  by  Jesse  Lynch  Williams.  ,     ^  „ 

(3)  For  the  best  book  of  the  year  upon  the  history  of  the  United  States,  82,000.  Jury— Barrett  Wendell, 
Chairman;  J.  H.  Finley,  W.  C.  Ford.  Awarded  to  "A  History  of  the  Civil  War,  1861-1865,'.'  by  James 
Ford  Rhodes,  published  by  the  Macmillan  Company,  New  York,  1917. 

(4)  For  the  best  American  biography  teaching  patriotic  and  unselfish  services  to  the  people,  illus- 
trated by  an  eminent  example,  excluding,  as  too  obvious,  the  names  of  George  Washington  and  Abraham 
Lincoln,  81,000.  Jury — Paul  E.  More,  Chairman;  Edward  Channlng,  Ripley  Hitchcock.  Awarded  to 
"Benjamin  Franklin,  Self-Revealed,"  by  William  Cabell  Bruce,  published  by  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  New 
York    1917. 

6.  Travelling  Scholarships — (1)  Three  travelling  scholarships  to  graduates  of  the  School  oi 
Journalism,  who  shall  have  passed  their  examinations  with  the  highest  honor  and  are  otherwise  most  deserv- 
ing, to  enable  each  ol  them  to  spend  a  year  in  Europe,  to  study  the  social,  political  and  moral  conditions 
of  the  people,  and  the  character  and  principles  of  the  European  press.  No  awards.  (The  war  making 
It  impossible  to  carry  out  the  conditions  at  present.)  ^  ^  ,     *  ^ 

(2)  An  annual  scholarship  to  the  student  of  music  in  America  who  may  be  deemed  the  most  talented 
and  deserving,  in  order  that  he  may  continue  his  studies  with  the  advantage  of  European  instruction,  on 
the  nomination  ol  a  jury  composed  of  members  of  the  teaching  staff  of  the  Department  of  Music  in  Colum- 
bia University  and  ol  the  teaching  staff  of  the  Institute  of  Musical  Art.  Jury — Prof.  D.  G.  Mason,  Prof. 
W.  H.  Hall,  Frank  Damrosch,  of  the  Institute  of  Musical  Art.     Awarded  to  Samuel  Gardner. 

(3)  An  annual  scholarship  to  an  art  student  in  America,  who  shall  be  certified  as  the  most  promising 
and  deserving  by  the  National  Academy  of  Design,  with  which  the  Society  of  American  Artists  has  been 
merged.  Awarded  by  the  National  Academy  of  Design  to  Dushan  M.  Rusitch,  a  student  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Design  Schools. 


514 


American  Colleges  and  Universities. 


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528 


Medical  Schools. 


LAW    SCHOOLS. 


/ 


Institution. 


Albany  Law  School 

Atlanta 

Backus,  F.  F 

Bloomington 

Boston  U 

Central 

Chattanooga 

Chicago 

Chicago  U 

Cincinnati 

City  C.  of  L.  &  Finance 

Creighton  U 

Cumberland,  U 

Denver  U 

Detroit 

DeUoit  U 

Dickinson 

Fordham  U 

Georgetown  tJ 

Georgia  U 

Hamilton 

Harrison,  Benj 

Harvard  U 

Indiana  U 

Kansas  City 

Louisiana  U 

Maine  U 

Marshall,  John 

Maryland  U 

Mercer 

Michigan  U 

National 

Nebraska  U 

New  Jersey 

iNoiuh  Dakota  U 

Northeastern 

Northwestern  U 

Oklahoma  XT 

Penn  U 

Pittsburgh 

Portia 

Richmond 

St.  Lawrence  U 

St.  Louis  U 

St.  Paul  C. 

San  Francisco 

Southern  California  U .  . 

Suffolk 

Syracuse 

Tulane  U.  of  La 

Vanderbilt  U 

Washburn 

Washington 

Washington 

West  Va.  U 

Wisconsin  U 

Yale  U 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Law  C 


Date 
Organ. 


1851 
1892 
1892 
1874 
1872 
1890 
1899 
1896 
1902 
1833 
1908 
1904 
1847 
1892 
1891 
1912 
1890 
1841 
1870 
1859 
1910 
1898 
1817 
1820 
1895 
1846 
1898 
1899 
1813 
1893 
1859 
1869 
1892 
1908 
1899 
1898 
1859 
1909 
1790 
1897 
1908 
1870 
1901 


Location. 


1900 
1909 
1901 
1906 
1895 
a847 
1873 
1903 
1R9G 
1899 
1878 
1868 
1824 
1901 


Union  Univ.,  Albany 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Cleveland,  Ohio.  .  .  . 
Bloomington,  111. .  .  . 

Boston,  Mass 

Louisville,  Ky 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Chicago,  111 

Chicago,  111 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. . . 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Omaha,  Neb 

Lebanon,  Tenn. . . . 

Denver,  Col 

Detroit,  Midi 

Detroit,  MicU 

Carlisle,  Pa 

N.  Y.  C 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Athens,  Ga 

Chicago,  111 

Indianapolis,  Ind. . 
Cambridge,  Mass. . 

Bloomington 

Kansas  City,  Mo.  . 

Louisville,  Ky 

Bangor,  Me 

Chicago,  111 

Baltimore,  Md .... 

Macon,  Ga 

Ann  Arbor,  MicU. . 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Newarli,  N.  J 

Grand  Forks,  N.  D 

Boston,  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Norman,  Okla 

PlUIadelphia,  Pa. . . 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. .  .  . 

Boston,  Mass 

Richmond,  Va.  .  . . 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y .  . . 


Governing 
Officials. 


St.  Paul,  Miuu 

San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
Los  Angeles,  C.il .  .  . 

Boston,  Mass 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

New  Orleans,  La .  . . 

Nashville,  Tenn 

Topeka,  Kan 

Washington.  D.  C.  . 

Seattle,  Wash 

Morgantown.  W.Va. 

Madi.son,  Wis 

New  Haven,  Ct.  . .  . 
San  Francisco,  Cal. . 


J.  N.  Fiero 

Hamilton  Danglers 

C.  F.  Thiving 

C.  L.  Cafen 

Homer  Albers 

W.  H.  Perry 

C.  B.  Evan 

J.  J.  Tobias 

J.  P.  Hall 

A.  B.  Benedict. . . . 

A.  Ebersole 

r.  X.  McNenamy . 
E.  T.  Childs 


No.        No.        Cost 
Teach.  Stud's.  Tuition. 


B.  D.  Edwards 

W.  T.  Doran 

William  Trickett 

Rev.  J.  A.  Mulry  S.  J.. 
G.  E.  Hamilton,  LL.D. 
D.  C.  Barrow 


W.  R.  Forney 

Roscoe  Pound .... 
William  L.  Bryan. 
E.  D.  Ellison 


R.  J.  Aley 

E.  T.  Lee 

H.  D.  Harlau.  .  , 

Emory  Speer 

H.  B.  Hutchins. 
C.  F.  Carusi .  .  .  , 
W.  G.  Hastings . 

R.  D.  Amier 

G.  F.  AVells 

B.  W.  Belraore. . 
J.  H.  Wigmore. . 


W.  E.  Mikell 

J.  D.  Shafer 

A.  V/.  MacLean,  A.B. 
F.  W.  Boatwright .  .  .  . 
W.  P.  Richardson .  .  .  . 


L. 
A. 

i\I, 

L 
B.'. 
P. 
B. 
J. 
M 
T. 

C. 

S. 

w 

E. 


Bunn 

Ballentine 

.  Porter 

Archer 

Walker 

Fenner 

Kieble 

Harno,  B.S.,  LL.D. 

.  Gillett 

Condon 

Jones 

Richards 

.  Swan 

White 


15 
15 
15 

9 
29 

5 
1 
19 

8 
14 
31 
14 

4 
16 
30 
30 

f. 

1 

52 

4 
25 
12 
11 
13 
30 

7 

9 
14 
26 

C 
12 
27 

7 

7 

5 
15 
21 

r 
u 

17 

15 

9 

4 

14 


15 

38 

14 

19 

12 

7 

11 

22 

6 

6 

8 

21 

10 


240 
100 

72 

54 
365 

19 
105 
175 
250 

89 
250 
100 
177 

44 
228 

94 

84 

2,069 

778 

103 

850 

60 

297 

1728 

175 

15 

34 
110 
417 

48 
191 
189 

lis 

182 
34 

500 

200 
87 
42 
67 

100 
25 

300 


130 

115 

460 

446 

142 

56 

40 

55 

145 

54 

■  32 


68 
100 


S130 

80 

125 

GO 

150 

1,400 

100 

75 

150 

100 

80 

120-145 

100 

100 

175 

175 

135 

110 

112 

75 

75 

72 

160 

325 

80 

100 

80-140 

80 

80 

85 

77 

100 

50 

132 

50 

85-90 

IGO 

Free 

200 

150 

75 

75-100 

120 


80 

05 

90 

75 

IGO 

105 

150 

fiO 

75 

45 

25-50 

Free 

1.50 

50 


MEDICAL    SCHOOLS. 


Albany  Medical  .School.. 

Arkansas  U 

Baylor  U 

Bellevue  Hospital 

Boston  U 

Bowdoin 

Buffalo  U 

Columbia  U 

California  U. . . 

Creighton  U 

Dartmouth  Med.  Sch . . . 

Eclectic 

Georgia 

Hahnemann  Medical.. . . 

Harvard 

Illinois  U 

Indiana  U 

Long  Island  C.  Hosp.  .  . 

Jefferson 

Kansas  U 

Marquette  U 

Medical  Evangelists. .  .  . 

Michigan  U ; 

Minnesota  U ! 

Nebraska  U ■■ 


1838 
1879 
1900 


1873 
1821 
1846 
1807 
1886 
1892 
1797 
1845 
1828 
1855 
1782 
1881 
1903 
1858 
1825 
1905 
1913 
1909 
1875 
18S2 
1885 


Albany,  N.  Y 

Little  Rock,  Ark.  . 

Dallas,  Tex 

New  York  City .  .  . 

Boston,  Mass 

Poi-tland,  Me 

Buffalo,  N.  Y 

N.  Y.  C 

Los  Ang*l8s,  Cal .  . 

Omaha,  Neb 

Hanover,  N.  H .  . .  . 
Cincinnati,  Ohio..  . 

.A-Ugusta,  Ga 

Chicago,  111 

Boston,  Mass 

Chicago,  111 

Indianapolis.  Ind . . 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  .  . 
Philadelphia,  Pa..  . 
Lawrence-Rosedalo . 
Milwaukee,  Wis. .  .  . 
Loma  Linda,  Cal.  .  , 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich, . , 
.Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Omaha,  Neb 


Thomas  Ordway,  M.  iJ . 

Morgan  Smith 

S.  p.  Brooks 

New  York  U 

J.  P.  Sutherland 

Dr.  A.  S.  Thayer 

C.  P.  Norton 

N.  M.  Butler,  LL.D 

Dr.  G.  H.  Kress 

H.  Von  W.  Schnet.ac.  .    . 

Dr.  J.  M.  Gill 

J.  K.  Scudder,  M.  D 

W.  H.  Doughty,  Jr 


E.  H.  Bradford,  M.  D.  .  , 

E.  J.  James 

W.  L.  Bryan 

O.  V.  Huffman 

R.  V.  Patterson,  M.  D 

S.  J.  Crumblne 

L.  F.  Jermden,  M.  D 

Newton  Evans,  M.  D 

V.  C.  Vaughn,  M.  D.,  LL.D. 

E.  P.  Lyon,  Ph.  D 

S.  Avery 


51' 

81 

56 

55 

59 

70 

69 

82 

63 

54 

107 

214 

1.50 

600 

75 

20 

6c 

90 

12 

31 

35 

08 

48 

70 

8G 

51 

215 

386 

105 

266 

120 

210 

125 

3,50 

154 

466 

65 

145 

102 

67 

55 

198 

22 

34 

119 

276 

GO 

182 

IfiS 
50 
150 
230 
150 
120 
200 
250 


140 


120 

150 
175 
225 
160 

100-130 
250 
200 
35-100 
200 
160 

100-120 
150 
120 


Sobriquets  or  By-Names  of  Cities  in  the  United  States.       529 


MEDICAL  SCHOOLS— Co«ii;tt«ed. 


Institution. 


N.  Y.  Horaoepathlc.  .  . 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota  U 

Northwestern  U 

Ohio  State  U 

Oklahoma  U 

Oregon  U 

Penn.  Women's  Med .  .  . 

Rush  Medical 

South  Calilornla  U .  . .  . 
South  Carolina  State .  . 

South  Dakota  U 

Stanford,  Leland  U 

Syracuse  U 

Temple  U 

Tennessee  U 

Texas  U 

Va.  Medical  C 

Virginia  U 

Walden  U.  Meharry  M. 

Washington  U 

West  Virginia  U 

Wisconsin  U 

YaleU 

rulane  U 


Date 
Organ. 


1860 
1890 
1905 
1859 
1914 
1900 
1887 
1850 
1837 
188,5 
1823 
1907 
J  908 
1872 


1876 
1891 
1838 
1825 
1876 
1909 
1902 
1907 
1813 
1834 


Location. 


New  York  City .  .  .  . 
Chapel  Hill,  N.  C... 
Grand  Forks,  N.  D. 

Chicago,  111 

Columbus,  O 

Oklahoma  City 

Portland,  Ore 

Philadelphia,  Pa. .  .  . 

Chicago,  111 

Los  Angeles,  Cal .  .  . 
Charleston,  S.  C,  . 
Vermilfon,  S.  Dak... 
San  Franci.sco,  Cal.. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa. . . . 
Memphis,  Tenn .  .  . . 

Galveston,  Tex 

Richmond,  Va 

Charlottesville,  Va. . 
Nashville,  Tenn.  .  .  . 

St.  Louis,  Mo 

Morgantown,  W.Va. 

Madison,  Wis 

New  Haven,  Ct .  .  .  . 
New  Orleans,  La.  .  . 


Governing 
OfBcials. 


R.  S.  Copeland,  A.M.,  M.D. 

E.  K.  Graham 

H.  E.  French 

A.  I.  Kendall,  Ph.  D 

C.  A.  Burrett 

S.  D.  Brooks 

K.  A.  J.  I^Iacken^ie 

Dr.  Martha  Tracy 

Frank  Billings 

Dr.  G.  F.  Bovard 

Dr.  Robert  Wilson,  Jr 

C.  P.  Lommen 

Wm.  Ophuls 

J.  L.  Heffron,  A.M.,  M.D. .  . 

R.  H.  Conwell 

A.  H.  Wittenberg 

R.  E.  Vinson 

Stuart  McGulre,  M.D 

E.  A.  Alderman 

G.  W.  Hubbard 

P.  A.  Shaffer 

S.  N.  Simpson 

President  Van  Hise 

George  Blumer,  M.  D 

Isadore  Dyer 


No. 
Teach, 


76 

S 

8 

147 

34 

66 

80 


29S 

125 
61 
10 
72 
85 
96 

111 
42 

125 
35 
39 

100 
10 
35 
84 

132 


No.        Cost 
Stud's.  Tuition. 


182 
53 
30 

278 
40 


78 

43 

799 

114 

75 

£3 

98 

125 

112 

84 

223 

279 

100 

435 

134 

37 

114 

69 

276 


225 

130 

50 


150 

Free 

150 

175 

180 

200 

90-150 

60 

150 

200 

150 

62-177 

None 

85-150 

140 

70 

200 

50 

80-200 

200 

200 


ACRICUL.TURA!.    A^3D    MECHANICAL    SCHOOLS. 


A.  &  I.  State  Normal 

Alcorn  A.  &  M 

Colorado  Agri 

Colored  A.  &  N.  U 
Connecticut  Agri . . 
Florida  A.  &  M.  C 
Georgia  State  C.  of  A..  . 
Hampton  N.  &  A.  Inst.. 
Massachusetts  Agri 

Negro  A^  &  Tech 

N.  M.  C.  of  A.  &  M.  A. 
N.C.  A.  &Eng.  (State).. 
N.  C.  Nov.  &  Ind 
North  Dakota  Agri 
North  Georgia  Agri 
Oklahoma  A.  &  M 
Oregon  State  Agri 

State  A.  &  M 

Tastelton,  John,  Agr 
Texas  A.  &  M.  C — 

Utah  Agri.  C 

Winthrop  N.  &  I.  C 


Nashville.  Tenn.  .  .  . 
Rodney,  Mass  (ur.).. 
Fort  Collins,  Col .  .  . 

Langston,  Okla 

Storrs.  Ct 

Tallahassee,  Fla. .  . . 

Athens,  Ga 

Hampton,  Va 

Amherst,  Mass 

Greensboro,  N.  C  . 
State  College,  N.  M  . 
West  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
Greensboro,  N.  C. . 

Fargo,  N.  D 

Dahlonega,  Ga 

Stillwater,  Okla .  .  . . 

Corvallis,  Ore 

Orangeburg,  S.  C. . . 
Stephen ville,  Tex. . . 
College  Station,  Tex 

Logan,  Utah 

Rock  Hill,  S.  C 


W.  J.  Hale 

L.  J.  Rowan .  .  .  . 
Dr.  C.  A.  Lory. . 
L  M.  Marquess. 
C.  L.  Beach 


A.  M 
Rev. 
K.  L. 
Dr.  J 
A.  D. 
W.  C 
Dr.  J 
E.  F. 
G.  R. 
J.  W. 
W.  J. 
R.  S. 
J.  F. 


Soule 

J.  E.  Gregg 

Butterfield 

.  B.  Dudley 

Crile 

Riddick,  C.  E.,  LL.D. 
,  I.  Forest 

Ladd,  B.  S.=  LL.D... 

Glenn 

Cautwell 

Iverr,  Sc.  D 

Wilkinson 

Cox 


E.  G.  Peterson . 
D.  B.  Johnson . 


35 

500 

25 

550 

84 

503 

21 

367 

136 

190 

40 

307 

138 

641 

130 

1,838 

60 

500 

18 

245 

42 

270 

59 

500 

83 

77 

64 

706 

16 

265 

108 

1,659 

168 

1,668 

33 

865 

15 

225 

105 

2,248 

59 

837 

110 

1,012 

Fi'ee 

Fi-ee 

Free 

Free 

Free 

Free 

Free 

SlOO 

Free 

Free 

IS 

45 

45 

30 

10 

Free 

Free 

Free 

Free 

Free 

Free 

Free 


SOBRIQUETS    OR    BV-NAWIES    OF    CITIES    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 


Albany— The  Capital  City. 
Atlanta — The    Gate    City    of    the 

South. 
Baltimore — The  Monumental  City. 
Birmingham — Birmingham     the 

Beautiful. 
Boston — Tl'.c    Hub,    Bean    Town, 

Athens  of  America. 
Brooklyn— The  City  of  Churches. 
Buffalo — The  Queen  City  of  the 

Lake. 
Charleston,   S.   C. — The  Palmetto 

City. 
Chicago — The    Windy    City    and 

Garden  City. 
Cincinnati — The   Queen   City  and 

Porkopolis. 
Cleveland — The  Forest  City. 
Dall?s — The  City  of  the  Hour. 
Davton — The  Gem  City. 
Denver — The  City  of  the  Plains. 
Des  Moines— The  City  of  Certain- 
ties. 
Detroit>-  The  City  of  the  Straits. 
DiiUith — The  Zenith   City   of  the 

Unsalted  Sea. 
Galveston- The  Oleander  City. 
Hannibal,  Mo.— The  Bluff  City. 
Hartford—  Insurance      City      and 

Charter  Oak  City. 
Indianapolis — The  Railroad  City. 


Jacksonville — The  Gateway  City. 
Kansa^a  City.  Mo.— The  Heart  of 

America. 
Keokuk.  Iowa— The  Gate  City. 
Little  Rock — The  City  of  Roses. 
Los    Angeles— The    Metropolis    of 
the  West  and  The  City  of  the 

Angels. 
Louis"ille— The  Falls  City. 
Lowell — The  City  of  Spludles. 
Lvnn— The  City  of  Shoes. 
Madison,  Wis. — The  Lake  City. 
Memphis — The  Bluff  City. 
Milwaukee— Milwaukee  the  Bright 

Spot  and  The  Cream  City. 
Minneapolis — The  Fiour  City. 
Nashville— The  City  of  Rooks. 
Newark — Newark  Knows  How. 
New  Bedford — The  Whaling  City. 
New  Haven- The  City  of  Elms. 
New  Orleans—  The  Crescent  City. 
New     York^The     Empire     City, 

Gotham,  The  Metropolis. 
Omaha— The    Gate    City    of    the 

"West 
Paterso'n— The  Silk  City  and  the 

Lyons  of  America. 
Philadelphia— The  City  of  Broth 

erly  Love  and  The  Quaker  City 
Pittsburgh — The    Iron    City    and 

The  Smoky  City. 
Portland,  Me. — The  Forest  City. 


Portland,  Ore. — The  Rose  City. 

Providence — The  Gateway  of 
Southern  New  England. 

Reading— The  Pretzel  City. 

Rochester— The  Flour  City. 

St.  Joseph— The  City  Worth  While. 

St.  Louis— The  Mound  City. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.— The  Saintly  City 
and  The  Gem  City. 

Salt  Lake  City — The  City  of  the 
Saints. 

San  Francisco— The  Golden  Gate 
City. 

Savannah,  Ga.— The  Forest  City  of 
the  South. 

Scranton-  The  Electric  City. 

Seattle — The  Queen  City. 

Springfield,  Ul.— The  Flower  City. 

Springfield,  Mass.— The  City  ol 
Homes. 

Syracuse — The  Salt  City  and  the 
Central  City  of  the  Empire 
State. 

Toledo — The  Corn  City. 

Troy — The  Collar  City. 

Washington-  The  City  of  Magnifi- 
cent Distances. 

Worcester— The  Heart  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. 


530 


Statistics  of  American  Cities. 


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Statistics  of  American  Cities — Continued: 


533 


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Crimes  and  Penalties.  545 

~"  '  CRIMES    AND    PENAUTIES. 

■  While  the  penalties  lor  homicide  are  not  precisely  uniform  throughout  the  various  States  of  the  Union, 
except  for  the  continuance  or  the  abolishment  of  capital  punishment,  they  are  similar.  With  regard  to 
other  serious  crimes,  likewise,  differences  are  more  seeming  than  real.  Felonies,  such  as  manslaughter, 
arson,  burglary,  robbery  and  larceny,  are  in  some  States  subdivided  into  degrees,  first,  second,  third  and 
cveu  fourth;  while  In  others  there  is  a  single  general  classification.  Where  there  is  no  subdivision  into  de- 
grees, however,  the.  modifying  of  penalties  by  reason  of  attending  circumstances,  results  In  the  same  effect 
as  though  there  were  degrees. 

CRIMES  AGAINST  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Treason — Whoever,  owing  allegiance  to  the  United  States,  levies  war  against  them,  or  adheres  to  their 
enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort,  is  guilty  of  treason.  The  penalty  upon  conviction  is  imprisonment 
for  not  less  than  5  years,  fine  of  not  less  than  810,000,  or  death.  MisprL«ioii'of  treason  consists  in  general 
of  having  knowledge  of,  concealing  and  not  disclosing  the  treason  of  others.  The  penalty  is  imprisonment 
for  not  more  than  7  years,  and  fine  of  not  more  than  81,000,  or  both  fine  and  imprisonment.  Rebellion  or 
insuirection  is  the  inciting,  setting  on  foot,  assisting  or  engaging  in  armed  resistance  to  the  execution  of 
the  laws  by  two  or  more.  The  penalty  on  conviction  is  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  10  years,  fine  of 
not  more  than  $10,000,  or  both. 
CHIMES  AGAINST  THE  STATES,  PROVIDED  FOR  IN  THE  VARIOUS  STATE  PENAL  CODES. 

Murder  in  the  First  Degree  may  be  generally  defined  to  be  the  unlawful,  intentional  and  premedi- 
tated killing  of  a  human  being,  or  such  a  killing  resulting  from  the  commission  or  attempt  to  commit  one 
of  the  graver  crimes,  such  as  arson,  bm-glary,  rape  or  robbery. 

Murder  in  the  Second  Degree  is  such  a  killing  without  premeditation,  or  resulting  from  the  attempt 
to  commit  some  lesSer  crime.  „ 

The  penalty  for  murder  In  the  first  degree  by  the  Federal  Statutes  Is  death  by  hangmg.  Hanging  is 
also  the  penalty  in  Connecticut,  Delaware.  Florida,  Georgia,  New  Mexico,  Hawaii  and  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia. Death  by  hanging  or  life  imprisonment  in  Alabama,  California,-  Colorado,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Louisiana, 
]\Iaryiand,  Mississippi,  Montana,  New  Hampshire,  West  Virginia  and  Wyoming,  Alaska  and  Porto  Rico. 
In  Illinois,  hanging  or  imprisonment  not  less  than  14  years  to  life.  In  Texas  hanging,  or  any  term  of  Im- 
prisonment not  less  than  5  years.  Death  by  electricity  in  Arkansas,  Massachusetts,  Nebraska,  New  Jersey, 
New  York,  North  Carolina  and  Pennsylvania.  Death  by  electricity  or  life  imprisonment  in  Indiana.  Ken- 
tucky, Ohio,  Oklahoma  and  South  Carolina.  Life  imprisonment  in  Arizona,  Kansas,  Maine,  Michigan, 
Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  Oregon,  Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Washington,  Wisconsin. 
In  Nevada  and  in  Utah  the  penalty  may  be  death  or  life  imprisonment;  if  death,  the  convicted  person  may 
choose  between  hanging  or  shooting.  ^  ,  ^  ,       ^, 

Murder  in  the  second  degree  is  punished  in  the  Federal  Constitution  by  imprisonment  for  not  less  than 
10  years  to  life.  The  same  penalty,  not  less  than  10  years  up  to  life  is  imposed  in  the  States  of  Arizona, 
Idaho,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  Rhode  Island,  Utah.  Not  less  than  10  (the  statutes  not  mentioning  life 
imprisonment)  is  the  penalty  In  Alabama,  California,  Kansas,  Missouri,  Montana,  Washington  and  Porto 
Rico.  Life  imprisonment  is  the  penalty  In  Connecticut,  Delaware,  Florida,  Georgia,  Indiana,  Michigan, 
Minnesota,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Vermont.  The  statutes  of  Illinois,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Oklahoma, 
South  Carolina  and  Texas  have  no  second  degree  murder  classification.  In  Arkansas  the  penalty  is  from 
5  to  21  years;  Maryland,  5  to  18;  Michigan  and  New  Hampshire,  .■iny  term  of  years  to  life;  no  minimum 
term  mentioned.  New  Jersey,  not  over  30;  New  Mexico,  3  or  more;  New  York,  not  less  tuan  20  up  to  life; 
North  Carolina,  2  to  30;  North  Dakota,  10  to  30;  Pennsylvania,  not  over  20;  Tennessee,  10  to  20;  VirgLula 
and  West  Virginia,  5  to  18;  Wisconsin,  14  to  25;  Wyoming,  not  less  than  20  up  to  life;  Alaska,  not  less  than 
15;  Hawaii,  20  up  to  life;  District  of  Columbia,  not  less  than  20  up  to  hfe.  . 

In  Colorado  the  death  sentence  is  not  imposed  where  the  conviction  is  had  on  circumstantial  evidence, 
nor  on  one  under  18  years  of  age.  In  Delaware  the  jury  may  recommend  commutation  of  the  death  sen- 
tence to  imprisonment  for  life.  ,,  ......  ,  , 

Manslaughter  may  be  defined  as  a  killing  either  unintentionally  resulting  from  the  careless  or  unlaw- 
ful doing  of  some  otherwise  lawful  act  or  from  the  commission  of  some  unlawful  act  of  comparatively  trivial 
character  or  intentionally  in  the  heat  of  passion  and  without  premeditation.  .   ,.    c.» 

Penalties  for  manslaughter  vary,  scarcely  any  two  States  fixing  precisely  the  same.  Many  of  the  States 
do  not  subdivide  into  first  and  second.  Where  there  is  but  the  single  heading  the  penalties  are  as  follows: 
California  (not  over  10),  Connecticut  (not  over  10  years  and  fine  of  31,000),  Delaware  (1-10  and  S500  to 
S5,000),  Florida  (not  over  20  or  85,000),  Idaho  (not  over  10),  Illinois  (any  term  up  to  hfe  fixed  by  the  Divi- 
sion of  Pardons  and  Paroles),  Indiana  (2-21),  Iowa  (not  over  8  and  81,000),  Louisiana)  not  over  20  and  S2,000), 
I^Iaine  (not  over  20  and  81,000,  or  both),  Maryland  (not  over  10  or  8500),  Massachusetta  (not  over  2()), 
Michigan  (15  or  not  over  Si.OOO),  Mississippi  (not  over  20  and  8500),  Montana  (not  over  10),  Nebraska 
(1-10),  Nevada  (not  over  10),  New  Jersey  (not  over  10),  New  Mexico  (1-10),  North  Caro  na  (4  months  to 
20  years),  Ohio  (1-20),  Oregon  (1-15  and  85,000),  Rhode  Island  (not  over  20),  South  Carolina  (2-30),  Texas 
(2-5,  Vermont  (not  less  than  1  up  to  Ufe  or  81,000),  Virginia  (1-15,  Washington  (not  over  20  and  fine), 
Wyoming  (1-20),  Alaska  (1-15),  District  of  Columbia  (not  over  15,  or  $1,0()(),  or  both).  Where  two 
degrees  are  specified  the  penalty  for  manslaughter  in  the  first  is:  Alabama  (1-10),  Arizona  (not  over  10)^ 
Arkansa.s  (2-7),  Colorado  (1-8),  Georgia  (1-20),  KaMas  (5-21).  Kentucky  (2-21)  Mnnesota  (5-20)  Mis- 
souri (not  less  than  5),  New  Hampshire  (not  over  30),  New  York  (not  over  20),  North  Dakota  (5-15), 
Oklahoma  (not  less  than  4),  Pennsylvania  (not  over  12  and  81,000),  South  Dakota  (not  less  than  4),  Ten- 
nessee (2-l(^),  Utah  (1-10),  west  Virginia  (1-5),  Wisconsin  (5-10) ,  Hawaii  (10-20),  Porto  Rico  (not  oyer  10  . 
And  lor  secohd  degree:  lA  Alabama  (not  over  1  and  S500),  Georgia  (1-3),  Kansas  (3-5),  Kentucky  (1-6), 
Minnesota  (1-15),  Missouri  (3-5),  New  Hampshire  (not  over  10  or  81,000,  or  both)  New  York  (not  over 
15  or  81,000,  or  both).  North  Dakota  (1-15),  Oklahoma  (2-4),  Pennsylvania  (not  over  2  and  81,000),  South 
Dakota  (2-4),  Tennessee  (1-15),  Utah  (not  over  1),  West  Virginia  (court  fixes  penalty),  Wisconsin  (4-7), 

^^""^Assiul?  wFth  Vn?ent  to°km-Under  Federal  Statutes,  assault  with  intent  to  kill  or  to  commit  a  rape 
is  punishable  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  20  years,  while  assault  with  intent  to  commit  a  felony 
other  than  murder  or  rape  is  punishable  by  not  more  than  5  years"  inripn.wnment  and  a  fine  of  not  oyer  53,000. 
In  Iowa,  assault  with  liitent  to  kill  is  punishable  by  10  years'  imprisonment;  not  over  10  n. Kansas  Massa- 
chusetts  Missouri,  New  York  and  Oklahoma;  from  1  to  10.,North  Dakota,  Oregon  Virginia:  not  ^ 
10  in  Porto  Rico-  1  to  14   California,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Nev.ada,  Wyoming;  1-20,  Maine,  Rhode 
Lland  ^Tutah°;'Alabami  M,  Arizona. (5  up  to  life),  Arkansas  a-21).  Connecticut  (10-30),  De^awa^^^ 
(not  over  3)    Florida  (not  over  20),  Georgia  and  Maryland  (2-10),  Indiana  (2-14  and  52,000),  Kentucky 
1-5),  Louisiana  ?not  over  2  and  $1,000).  Mlchigan(any  term  to  Ufe  or  88,000)   Minnesota  (5-10  and  not  oyer 
SlOO).  Mi^ssippi  (not  over  5  or  $1,000).  Montana  (5-10),  Nebpska  and  Texas  (2-15),  New  Ha^ 
(not  over  20),  New  Jersey  (not  over  7  or  S200,  or  both).  New  Mexico  (6  months  to  3  years  or  |1£00).  North 
Carolina  ffln4  or  imprisonment,  or  both),  Ohio  and  Alaska  (1-15),  Pennsylvania  (not  over  7  and  SI.OOO), 
So^?h  Dakou  ?norover  5)?Teiines3ee  (3i21)   Vermont  (not  oyer  10  and  $1  000),  Washington  (not  less  t^^^ 
5),  West  Virginia  (2-10),  Wisconsin  (1-5  or  $1,000),  Hawau  (not  over  5  and  a  fine),  District  of  Coiunbia 
(not  over  15)     In  Texas,  an  assault  with  a  dagger  incurs  a  double  penalty. .  In  Iowa,_as3ault  with  Intent 

^  Ta'^^i^Feder^al  cS%^e°is:punishable  with  death  by  hanging.    While  many  States  have  death 


546  Crimes  and  Penalties — Continued. 


as  the  extreme  penalty,  in  lew  is  it  the  same  one.  Arkansas  and  North  Carolina  (fieath  by  electricity), 
Alabama,  Delaware  and  Louisiana  (hanging),  Florida  and  Mississippi  (hanging  or  life  imprisonment),  Ken- 
tucky (electrical  execution  or  life),  Georgia  (hanging  or  1-20),  Missouri  (hanging  or  not  less  than  5),  Okla- 
homa (electrical  execution  or  not  less  than  5),  Oklahoma  (electrical  execution  or  not  less  than  15),  South 
Carolina  (electrical  execution  or  5-40),  Tennessee  (electrical  execution  or  not  less  than  10  to  life),  Texas 
(hanging  or  not  less  than  5  to  life),  Virginia  (electrical  execution  or  5-20),  West  Virginia  (hanging  or  7-20), 
District  of  Columbia  (hanging  or  5-30).  Many  of  the  States  do  not  inflict  the  death  penalty.  Arizoila  (5  to 
life),  California  (not  over  50),  Colorado  (3  to  life),  Connecticut  (not  over  20),  Idaho  (not  less  than  5  to  life), 
Illinois  (1-lite),  Indiana  (2-21),  Iowa  (any  term  to  life),  Kansas  (5-21),  Maine  (any  term  of  years),  IMary- 
land)  hanging  or  18  months-21  years),  Massachusetts  and  Michigan  (any  term  to  life),  Minnesota  (7-30), 
Montana  (not  less  than  5),  Nebraska  (3-20),  Nevada  (not  less  than  20  up  to  life),  New  Hampshire  (not 
over  30),  New  Jersey  (not  over  15  or  85,000,  or  both),  New  ISIexico  (5-20),  New  York  (10-20),  North  Dakota 
(not  less  than  1),  Ohio  and  Oregon  (3-20),  Pennsylvania  (not  over  15  and  81,000),  Rhode  Island  (not  less 
than  10  up  to  life),  South  Dakota  (not  less  than  10),  Utah  and  Washington  and  Porto  Rico  (not  less  than  5), 
Vermont  (not  over  20  or  82,000,  or  botli),  Wisconsin  (1-30),  Wyoming  (not  less  than  1  up  to  life),  Alaska 
(3-20),  Hawaii  (up  to  life  and  81,000).  The  rape  of  a  daughter,  sister  or  female  under  12  is  punished  in 
Alaska  by  life  imprisonment.  In  Indiana  rape  of  female  under  12,  life  imprisonment.  In  Nevada  r.apc  ac- 
companied with  extreme  violence  may  be  punished  by  death  or  imprisonment  not  less  than  20  years  in 
jury's  discretion. 

Arson — where  classified  in  degrees — thoush  the  number  and  exact  definitions  of  degrees  varies  greatly 
— is  in  general  classified  witli  reference  to  two  conditions,  first,  the  character  of  the  building  burned,  whether 
a  dwelling  house  or  structure  likely  to  contain  a  human  being;  and,  second,  whether  the  crime  is  committed 
by  day  or  night.  Thus  the  most  serious  oilense  is  the  burning  of  an  inhabited  dwelling  by  night,  and  the 
least  serious,  the  burning  of  an  uninhabited  structure  by  day.  Often  intermediate  degrees  are  recognized, 
such  as  burning  a  dwelling  by  day  or  an  uninhabited  building  by  night.  The  Federal  Statutes  tor  arson  in 
the  first  degree  Impose  a  penaltv  of  not  more  than  20  years,  and  for  the  second  degree,  not  more  than  20 
years  and  a  fine  of  not  more  than  .55,000.  Some  States  punish  arson  in  the  first  degree  with  death.  These 
are:  Alabama  (hanging  or  not  less  than  10),  Delaware  (hanging),  Louisiana  (hanging  or  1  to  10),  Mary- 
land (hanging  or  not  over  20),  Mississippi  (iianging  or  life  imprisonment).  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina 
and  Virginia  (death  by  electricity),  Vermont  (any  term  to  life  or  death  by  electricity),  Hawaii  (hanging  or 
life  imprisonment).  The  imprisonment  which  may  be  imposed  for  arson  in  the  first  degree  takes  a  wide 
range — New  York  (not  over  40),  Iowa  (30),  New  Hampshire  (not  over  30),  Oklahoma  (10-30),  Florida  and 
Michigan  (any  term  up  to  life),  Georgia  (1  to  life),  Idaho  (2  to  life),  Illinois  (1-20),  Indiana  (2-21),  Kansas 
(10-21),  Kentucky  (5-12),  Maine  (1-20),  Minnesota  and  North  Dakota  (not  less  than  10).  Nebraska  (1-20), 
New  Jersey  (not  over  15  or  82,000,  or  both),  New  Mexico  (2-20),  Ohio  (not  over  20),  Oregon,  West  Vir- 
ginia and  Alaska  (10-20),  Texas  (5-20),  Utah  (2-15),  Wisconsin  (3-14),  Wyoming  (1-21).  South  Dakota 
and  Porto  Rico  (not  U^ss  than  10),  Arizona  and  California  (not  less  than  2),  Arkansas  (2-10),  Colorado  and 
District  of  Columbia  (1-10),  Connecticut  (not  over  10),  Missouri,  Montana  and  Washington  (not  less  than 
5).  The  penalties  for  arson  in  tlie  second  degree  are  as  varied  as  those  for  the  first.  In  the  Federal  Courts, 
nor  more  than  20  and  85,000.  California  (1-25),  Colorado  (not  over  2  and  81,000),  Delaware  (1-10  and  8500 
to  85,000),  Iowa  (10-20),  Kans.as  (7-10),  Louisiana  (1-20),  Maine  (any  term  of  years).  Maryland  (2-20), 
Minnesota  (7-15),  New  Hampshire  (not  over  20),  New  Mexico  (1-15),  New  York  (not  over  25),  North  Dakota 
(7-10),  Oregon  (5-15),  Pennsvlvanla  (not  over  10  and  82.000),  South  Dakota  (7-10),  Tennessee  (2-21),  Ver- 
mont (not  over  10  or  81,000),  Virginia  (5-18),  Washington  (not  over  10  or  85,000),  Alaska  (5-15),  Hawaii 
(life  or  any  number  of  years),  Alabama  and  Oklahoma  (2-10).  Arizona,  Id.aho,  IMontana,  Utah  and  Porto 
Rico  (1-10),  Arkansas  (6  months  and  fine),  Massachusetts  and  Mississippi  (not  over  10).  Missouri  (not  less 
than  3),  Nevada  (1-3  and  fine),  South  Carolina  (in  discretion  of  the  court).  Wisconsin  (3-10). 

Burglary — The  classification  of  burglary  or  house  breaking  depends  on  substantially  the  same  ele- 
ments as  those  of  arson,  namely,  the  building  entered,  whether  a  dwelling  or  other  building,  and  whether 
the  offense  was  committed  by  day  or  night.  Burglary  in  the  first  degree  is  punished  in  North  Carolina  by 
death  of  electricity:  Virginia  (electricity  or  5-18),  Delaware  (hanging  or  not  over  14).  Florida  and  Iowa 
(any  t«rm  up  to  life).  Maiue  (any  term  of  years).  Massachusetts  (life  imprisonment  or  not  less  than  10), 
Ohio  (life  or  5-30).  Rhode  Island  and  South  Carolina  (not  less  than  5  up  to  life),  Alabama.  Georgia  and  Il- 
linois (1-20),  Arkansas,  California,  Idaho,  Montana,  Alaska  and  Porto  Rico  (1-15),  Connecticut,  Michigan 
and  Hawaii  (not  over  20),  Indiana  (10-20).  Kansas  (10-20).  Mississippi  (7-15).  Nevada  and  Wyoming  (1-14), 
New  Hampshire  (not  over  30),  New  Mexico  (3-12),  Oklahoma  (7-20),  Oregon,  Tennessee  and  Wisconsin 
(5-15),  Pennsylvania  (not  over  10  and  810.000),  Texas  (2-12),  Utah  (25-40).  Vermont  (not  over  15  or  81,000), 
District  of  Columbia  (not  over  15),  West  Virginia  (2-15),  Minnesota,  New  York,  North  Dakota,  South 
Dakota  (not  less  than  10),  Missouri  and  Washington  (not  less  than  5),  Arkansas  (3-7),  Colorado  and  Nebraska 
(1-10),  Kentucky  (2-10),  Maryland,  (3-10).  Burglary  by  means  of  dynamite  or  other  explosives  is  pun- 
ished in  Colorado  by  imprisonment  from  25  to  40  years;  in  Wisconsin  (15-40),  and  In  Wyoming  (not  over 
20).  Quite  a  number  of  States  have  no  heading  of  second  degree  burglary.  These  are  A-labama,  Arkansas. 
Colora,do,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Michigan.  Nebraska.  New  Jersey.  Rhode  Island.  South  Caro- 
lina, West  Virginia,  and  Wyoming,  also  the  District  of  Columbia.  The  penalties  where  It  is  specified  do  not 
show  as  much  variance  as  in  the  first  degree.  Connecticut.  Florida,  Iowa.  Massachusetts  (not  over  20), 
Delaware,  Georgia  and  Utah  (1-20),  Minnesota.  Mississippi,  New  York,  North  Carolina  and  Hawaii  (not 
over  10),  Maine  (1-10),  Arizona,  California,  Idaho,  Montana,  Nevada  and  New  Hampshire  (not  over  5), 
Texfes  (not  less  than  5),  North  Dakota  and  New  Mexico  (1-5),  Oregon,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee  and  Vir- 
ginia (3-10),  Indiana  (2-14),  Kansas  (5-10),  Mi.ssourl  (not  less  than  2),  Ohio  (1-15),  Oklahoma  (2-7).  Penn- 
sylvania (not  over  10  and  8500).  Vermont  (not  over  10  or  Sl.OOO),  Washington  (not  over  15),  Wisconsin 
(3-8),  Alaska  (2-5),  Porto  Rico  (not  over  2). 

Robbery  may  be  generally  defined  as  the  theft  of  property  from  the  person  or  immediate  presence  of 
the  victim,  accomplished  by  force  or  fear.  ^V]^ere  degrees  of  robbery  are  recognized,  the  distinction  Is  gen- 
erally determined  by  whether  the  thief  be  armed  or  unarmed,  though  some  States  also  distinguish  the  second 
from  the  first  degree,  where  the  theft  is  accomplished  by  means  of  threats  of  future  rather  than  immediate 
injury.  In  the  following  synopsis,  degrees  are  not  considered.  Federal  Statutes  fix  the  penalty  for  robbery 
at  not  more  than  15  years.  Alabama  punishes  robbery  by  death  (hanging  or  not  less  than  10),  Virginia 
(electrical  execution  or  6-18),  Massachusetts.  Michigan  and  Hawaii  (any  number  of  years  to  life),  Maine 
(any  term  of  years).  Idaho.  Rhode  Island  and  Texas  (5  to  life).  Oregon  and  Utah  (3  to  life).  Illinois  (1  to  life), 
Oklahoma  (not  less  than  10).  New  York  and  South  Dakota  (10-20),  Kansas  (10-21),  Arizona,  Nevada  and 
Washington  (not  less  than  5),  North  Carolina.  (5-60),  Minnesota  (5-20),  Tennessee  (5-15),  Indiana  (.5-14 
and  $1,000),  West  Virginia  (5-10),  Arkansas  (3-21),  Nebraska,  New  Mexico  and  Wisconsin  (3-15).  Colo- 
rado (3-14).  Maryland  (3-10).  Kentucky  and  South  Carolina  (2-10).  Georgia  and  Iowa  (2-20).  Montana 
and  Porto  Rico  (1-20).  Ohio  and  Alaska  (1-15).  Wyoming  (1-14).  North  Dakota  (1-10).  California  (not  Ie.S9 
than  1).  New  Hampshire  (not  over  30),  Vermont  (not  over  20  and  Sl.OOO),  Florida  (not  over  20),  New  Jersey 
(not  over  15  or  81,000,  or  both),  Louisiana  (not  over  14),  Delaware  (not  over  12),  Connecticut  (not  over  7), 
Pennsylvania  (not  over  5  and  81,000),  District  of  Columbia  (6  months  to  15  years).  In  Nevada  train  rob- 
bery and  in  Texas  robbery  by  means  of  deadly  weapons  may  be  punished  with  death.  Train  robberies  in 
Territories  are  punishable  by  imprisonment  not  more  than  20  years  and  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $5,000. 

Grand  Larceny  is  simply  theft  of  property  above  a  fixed  value,  generally  $25  to  850 — more  States 
also  classify  as  grand  larceny  theft  of  property  from  the  person  of  the  victim,  irrespective  of  value,  though, 


Crimes  and  Penalties — Continued.  5Vi 

of  course,  accomplislied  without  the  force  or  fear  which  constitutes  the  crime  of  robbery.  In  the  Federal 
Courts,  grand  larceny  is  punishable  by  not  more  than  10  years'  imprisonment  and  a  fine  of  not  more  than 
310,000.  Wisconsin  (1-25),  Alabama  and  Georgia  (1-20),  Maryjand  (1-15),  Idaho,  Indiana,  Montana  and 
Nevada  (1-14),  New  Mexico,  Oregon,  Utah,  Virginia,  Alaska,  Porto  Rico  and  District  of  Columbia  (1-10), 
Tennessee,  Texas  and  West  Virginia  (2-10),  Nebraska  and  Ohio  (1-7),  Arkansas,  Kentucky,  Maine  and  North 
Dakota  (1-5),  Hawaii  (not  over  20),  Washington  (not  over  15),  Louisiana,  New  York,  North  Carolina  and 
Wyoming  (not  over  10),  Kansas  and  Missouri  (not  over  7),  New  Jersey  (not  over  7  or  S2,000,  or  both), 
Connecticut,  Iowa,  Massachusetts,  Mississippi,  New  Hampshire,  Oklahoma  and  South  Dakota  (not  over 
5),  Florida  and  Rhode  Island  (not  over  5  or  Si, 000),  Michigan  (not  over  5  or  S5,000),  Pennsylvania  (3  and 
S500),  Delaware  (not  over  3),  South  Carolina  (3  months  to  10  years).  Special  penalties  are  imposed  in 
certain  States  for  horse  and  cattle  stealing;  in  Arkansas  for  stealing  horse  or  mule  (1-15);  in  Missouri  and 
New  Hampshire,  larceny  of  horse  or  cattle  (not  over  7);  in  Texas  horse  theft  (5-10);  in  Georgia  there  are 
various  grades  of  larceny  of  horses,  cattle,  etc.  In  Connecticut  the  punishment  for  larceny  of  over  S2,000 
(not  over  20).    In  North  Carolina,  habitual  offenders  receive  longer  terms. 

Forgery  in  general  means  the  false  making,  imitating  or  counterfeiting  or  alteration  of  a  genuine  sig- 
nature or  written  instrument.  There  are  numerous  Federal  Statutes  defining  and  imposing  penalties  for 
alteration  oJ  public  records  and  documents.  These  do  not  come  within  the  purview  of  this  synopsis,  being 
no  one  general  classification.  Counterfeiting  is  punished  by  imprisonment  of  not  more  than  15  years  and 
a  fine  of  not  more  than  S5,000.  There  is  some  uniformity  but  not  a  great  deal  in  the  various  State  penalties 
for  forgery.  North  Dakota  (not  less  than  10),  North  Carolina  (4  months  to  10  years),  Oklahoma  (7-20), 
Kentucky  (5-15),  Tennessee  (3-15),  Arkansas  (2-21),  Oregon  and  Alaska  (2-20),  Mississippi  and  New  Mexico 
(2-15),  Indiana  (2-14  or  Sl.OOO),  Alabama,  Georgia  and  West  Virginia  (2-10),  Texas  (2-7),  Nebraska,  Ohio 
and  Utah  (1-20),  Montaiia  (1-15),  Nevada  and  Wyoming  (1-14),  Maryland,  Virginia,  Porto  Rico  and  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  (1-10),  Wisconsin  (1-7),  Soutli  Carolina  (1-7),  Kansas  (not  over  21),  Minnesota,  New  York 
and  Washington  (not  over  20),  Michigan  (not  over  14),  Florida,  Iowa,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Missouri, 
South  Dakota  (not  over  10),  Pennsylvania  ar.d  Vermont  (not  over  51,000),  Rhode  Island  (not  over  10,  or 
Sl.OOO,  or  both),  Hawaii  (not  over  10  and  S500),  New  Hampshire  (not  over  7),  New  Jersey  (not  over  7  or 
S2,000,  or  both),  Connecticut  (not  over  5). 

Bigamy — A  person  who,  having  a  husband  or  wife  living,  marries  another,  is  guilty  of  bigamy.  Under 
Federal  Statutes,  polygamy  (or  bigumy)  in  the  Territories  is  punished  by  imprisonment  for  not  more  than 
5  years  and  a  fine  of  not  more  than  S500.  Five  years'  imprisonment  is  the  most  general  maximum  penalty 
In  the  States  for  bigamy  and  fines  are  quite  com.monly  imposed.  Some  of  the  States,  however,  have  a  more 
severe  extreme  penalty  and  some  a  lesser  maximum.  Kentucky  (3-9),  Virginia  (3-8),  Tennessee  (2-21), 
Arkansas  (3-7),  New  Me.xlco  iuirt  District  of  Columbia  (2-7),  Alabama  and  Texas  (2-5),  Indiana  (2-5  or 
81,000),  Georgia  (1-10),  Nebraska,  Ohio  and  Alaska  (1-7),  North  Dakota,  West  Virginia  and  Wyoming 
(1-5),  Illinois,  Nevada  and  Rhode  Island  (1-5  and  S1,C00),  Louisiana  (i-5  and  S500),  Wisconsin  (1-5  and  fine), 
Oregon  (1-4),  Mississippi  (not  over  10),  California  (not  over  10  and  S5,000),  Arizona  (not  over  10  and  .52,000), 
New  Jersey  (not  over  10  or  81,000,  or  both),  Delaware  (not  over  6  and  S2,000),  Connecticut,  Iowa,  Kansas, 
Massachusetts,  Missouri,  New  York,  Oklahoma,  South  Dakota  and  Washington  (not  over  5),  Idaho  (not 
over  5  and  S2,000),  Minnesota  and  Vermont  (not  over  5  and  S1,000),  Florida,  Maine,  Michigan  and  Utah 
(not  over  5  or  8500),  Porto  Rico  (not  over  3  or  82,000),  Montana  (not  over  3  and  81,000).  New  Hampshire 
(not  over  3  and  8500),  Pennsylvania  (not  over  2  and  81,000),  Hawaii  (not  over  2  or  S500). 

Perjury  under  the  various  State  codes  usually  means  false  testimony  on  a  material  point  given  in  an 
action  or  proceeding  at  law.  The  following  are  the  penalties  imposed  in  accordance  with  this  usual  defini- 
tion. In  the  Federal  Courts  (not  more  than  5  and  not  more  than  82,000),  Iowa  (10  up  to  life),  Oklahoma 
(5-20),  Georgia  (4-10),  Ohio  and  Oregon  (3-10),  Indiana  (2-21  or  850  and  51,000),  Minnesota,  Texas  and  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia  (2-10).  Wisconsin  (2-5),  South  Dakota  (1-20),  Arkansas  and  Tennessee  (1-15).  Arizona, 
Calirornia,  Cdlorado,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada  and  Wyoming  (1-14),  North  Dakota, 
Utah,  Alaska  and  Porto  Rico  (1-10),  New  Mexico  (1-7),  Kentucky  (1-5),  West  Virginia  (1  year  and  81,000), 
North  Carolina  (4  months  to  10  vears),  Florida,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts.  Rhode  I.sland  and  Hawaii 
(not  over  20).  Michigan  and  Washington  (not  over  15),  Vermont  (not  over  15  and  81,000),  Maine,  Mary- 
land, Mississippi  and  New  York  (not  over  10),  Delaware  (not  over  10  and  82,000),  Kansas,  Missouri  and 
South  Carolina  (not  over  7),  New  Jersey  (not  over  7  or  82.000,  or  both),  Pennsylvania  (not  over  7  and  S500), 
Connecticut  and  Louisiana  (not  over  5),  Vh-ginla  (not  over  1  and  81,000).  In  many  of  the  States  severer 
penalties  than  those  given  above  are  imposed,  varying  with  the  character  of  the  action  or  the  results  of 
the  false  testimony.  Thus  in  Colorado  and  Texas  perjury  which  causes  conviction  in  a  capital  case  is  pun- 
ished by  death.  In  capital  cases,  irrespective  of  results,  the  penalty  is:  In  Alaska  (^-20),  Oregon  (5-20), 
Kansas  (not  less  than  7),  Maine,  Mississippi  and  Missouri  (not  less  than  10).  Massachusetts  and  Michigan 
(any  terra  up  to  life),  Wisconsin  (3-15).  In  cases  of  felony  not  necessarily  capital:  Alabama  (3-20),  New 
York  (not  more  than  20),  North  Dakota  (not  less  than  10).  Virginia  (2-10).  West  Virginia  (1-10). 

■^Tiere  crimes  are  divided  Into  several  degrees,  it  is  generally  within  the  province  of  the  jury,  in  convict- 
ing, to  fix  the  degree  of  the  crime,  and  In  almost  every  case  In  which  a  crime  is  pimishable  by  death  or  im- 
prisonment It  is  the  province  of  the  jury  to  determine  the  punishment,  except  upon  a  plea  of  guilty,  when 
the  duty  devolves  upon  the  court. 

NOTE— Within  the  parentheses,  after  the  figures  "years"  is  understood;  where  two  figures  are  given, 
separated  by  a  Hyphen,  as  1-7.  the  provision  should  be  understood  as  "not  less  than  one  year  nor  more  than 
seven;"  where  a  sum  of  money  is  given,  the  provision  should  be  understood  as  meaning  a  fine  of  not  exceed- 
ing the  sum  mentioned. 

PENALTIES  FOR  USURY. 

Penalties  for  usury  differ  in  various  Slates.  California,  misdemeanor  with  jail  term,  S500  fine  or 
both;  Colorado.  Maine,  Massachusetts  (except  on  loans  of  loss  than  81,000),  have  no  provisions  on  the 
subject.  Loss  of  principal  aiul  Interest  is  the  penalty  in  Arkansas  and  New  York.  Loss  of  principal  in 
Delaware  and  Oregon. 

Loss  ol  interest  in  Alabama,  Arizona,  District  of  Columbia.  Florida.  Idaho,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Louisiana. 
Michigan.  Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Nebraska,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina  (double  amount  if  paid).  North 
Dakota  (double  amount  if  paid),  Porto  Rico,  South  Carolina,  South  Dakota,  Virginia,  Washington  (double 
amount  if  paid).  Wisconsin,  Hawaii,  and  Wyoming.  In  Alaska,  Montana,  Oklahoma,  Texas.  Vermont, 
double  the  amount  of  interest  collected. 

.  Loss  of  excess  of  interest  in  Connecticut,  Georgia,  Indiana,  Kansas.  Kentucky  Maryland  Missouri, 
Nevada.  New  Hampshire  (three  times),  Ohio,  Pennsylvania.  Tennessee.  Vermont,  and  West  ylrglnia. 
Loss  of  principal  and  interest  in  Rhode  Island,  also  flue  or  imprisonment.  In  New  Mexico,  fine  and  for- 
feiture of  double  amount  collected,. 

By  the  Federal  act  No.  103,  the  period  of  military  service  is  to  be  excluded  from  the  computation  of 
time  limited  for  the  bringing  of  an  action  by  or  against  persons  in  the  service.  This  applies  to  all  the  courts 
Federal  State  or  district,  in  the  country,  and  to  causes  of  action  accruing  prior  to  or  during  the  service 
and  to  limitations  established  before  or  after  the  passage  of  the  act. 


548  Administration  of  Deceased  Persons*  Estates. 


ADMINISTRATION  OF  DECEASED  PERSONS'  ESTATES. 

These  statutes  have  been  revised  for  The  Almanac  by  one  of  the  largest  law  firms  In  New  York  City 
making  a  specialty  in  their  practice  of  the  inheritance  laws.  All  the  data  has  been  carefully  brought  up  to 
date. 

INHERITANCE   TAX  LAWS. 

The  following  Is  a  synopsis  of  several  of  the  laws  of  the  various  States  affecting  the  administra- 
tion of  the  estate  of  a  deceased   person: 

1.  Who  to  Administer. — (a)  If  the  deceased  leaves  a  will,  the  duty  of  administration  falls  upon 
the  executor.  If  no  executor  Is  named,  or  In  the  event  of  the  death  or  refusal  of  the  executor  to 
fict,  the  Court  will  grant  administration  under  the  will  to  some  suitable  person,  generally  selected 
.'rom  those  most  largely  interested  under  the  provisions  of  the  will,  such  as  the  residuary  legatees, 
if  any.  (b)  If  the  deceased  died  Intestate,  letters  of  administration  are  granted  to  the  following 
persons  in  practically  all  the  States: 

First — To  the  surviving  husband  or  widow. 

Second — To  one  or  more  of  the  next  of  kin  entitled  to  share  In  the  estate. 
Third — If  none  of  the  above  consent  to  act,  to  one  of  the  creditors  of  the  estate,  except 
In  localities  where  there  Is  provided  by  law  a  Public  Administrator,  who  Is  preferred  to  creditors. 
In  practically  ail  the  States  an  administrator  is  required  to  give  bond  for  the  faithful  perform- 
ance of  his  duties  in  double  the  value  of  the  estate  to  be  administered. 

In  most  of  the  States,  if  so  provided  by  the  will,  no  bond  Is  required  of  an  executor,  except  that 
In  some  States  an  executor  Is  required  to  give  a  bond  to  cover  the  probable  amount  of  the  debts 
of  the  estate,  and  In  practically  all  the  States,  in  the  discretion  of  the  Court,  for  cause  shown,  an 
executor  may  be  required  to  give  a  bond. 

2.  Claims  Of  Creditors. — The  procedure  In  the  several  States  In  presenting  crealtors'  claims 
against  the  estate  varies  very  considerably.  In  the  majority  of  the  States  the  executor  or  admin- 
istrator Is  required  promptly  to  give  public  notice  to  creditors  to  present  their  claims  to  him,  and 
the  creditors  are  required  so  to  present  their  claims  supported  by  an  affidavit  that  the  same  are 
justly  due  and  owing  from  the  estate,  above  any  offsets  or  counter  claims,  within  a  period  limited 
generally  to  six  months  or  a  year.  The  law  of  each  State  should  be  consulted  for  more  specific 
details.  Most  of  the  States  direct -a  final  closing  of  the  estate  by  the  executor  or  administrator 
within  a  year  or  eighteen  months  after  his  appointment,  though  the  time  limit  may  be  extended 
by  the  Probate  Court  If  conditions  require  It. 

3.  The  following  table  contains  an  analysis  of  the  laws  of  the  several  States,  covering: 

(1)  The  Inheritance  or  succession  tax  upon  property  received  either  by  Intestate  .aws, 

last  win,  or  by  gift  or  transfer,  designed  to  take  effect  at  death,  excepting  legacies 
for  religious,  charitable  or  educational  purposes,  which  are  tax  exempt  In  most  of  the 
States.  In  the  great  majority  of  the  States  no  distinction  as  to  tax  Is  made  between 
real  estate  and  personal  property. 

(2)  The  various  classes  of  estate  obligations  given  priority  over  other  claims  In  case  of 

the  Insolvency  of  the  estate. 


State. 

Inheritance  Tax. 

Preferred  Obligations. 

h  labama 

None. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Administration  expenses. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 
4     Taxes 

b.   Wages  of  servants  or  employes. 

/4,rlzona 

To  grandfather,   grandmother,   parents,   hus- 
band, wife,  child,  brother,  sister,  son-in-law, 
or     daughter-in-law,     lineal     descendant,     or 
adopted   child,   1%;     S5,000  exempt  to  each 
beneficiary  above  named.     Estates  less  than 
SIO.OOO  exempt. 

To-  uncle,  aunt,  nephew,  niece  or  descendant 
thereof,  2%;  S2,000  exempt  to  each  bene- 
ficiary named.    Estate  less  than  S5,000  ex- 
empt. 

To  others,  3%  up  to  810,000:  4%  from  310,000 
to  820,000;  5%  from  520,000  to  550,000;  6% 
above  §50,000.     $500  exempt. 

No  statutory  provision. 

Arkansas 

On  amounts  not  exceeding  35,000  the  rate  Is 
1  %   to  parents,   husband  or  wife,  child  or 
adopted  child,  hneal  descendant,  brother,  sister, 
son-in-law  or  daughter-in-law.     To  all  others 
the  rate  on  the  same  amount  is  3%.      S3, 000 
passing  to  widow  or  minor  child  and  81,000 
passing  to  the  other  immediate  relatives  men- 
tioned is  exempt.    The  exemption  to  others 
more  remote  is  $500. 

On  amounts  in  excess  of   $.5,000  the  primary 
rates    (1%    and    3%    respectively)    are    In- 
creased as  follows:    From  S5,000  to  810,000, 
twice  the   primary  rates;   from   810,000  to 
$30,000,   3   times  the   primary  rates;   from 
$30,000    to    350,000,    4    times;    850,000    to 
$100,000,  6  times;  8100,000  to  $500,000,  6 
times;    8500,000    to    81,000,000,    7    times; 
above  81,000,000,  8  times. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Wages  of  servants. 

4.  Judgments  which  are  Uens  on  land 

of  deceased. 

California. .... 

(a)  To    husband,    wife,    descendants,    ancestors, 
adopted  children  or  issue  thereof,  1%  up  to 
825,000;  2%  from  $25,000  to  550,000;  4%  from 
$50,000  to  8100,000;  7%,  3100,000  to  $200,000; 
10%,  8200,000  to  $500,000;  12%,  $500,000  to 
81.000,000;  15%  above  81,000,000.    $24,000  is 
exempt  to  widow  or  minor  child;  to  others  In 
this   paragraph   SIO.OOO   is  exempt,     (b)  To 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Wages  due  within  sixty  days. 

4.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

5.  Judgments,  mortgages  and  other 

liens. 

Administration  of  Deceased  Persons*  Estates. 


549 


State. 

lulieiitance  Tax. 

Preferred  Obligations. 

California 

Contimiea. 

brothers,  sisters,  or  their  descendants,  or  to  a 
son-in-law    or    daughter-in-law    3%      up    to 
525,000;  upon  the  Increasing  amounts  in  the 
preceding  paragraph    the  rates  are  6%,  9%, 
12%,  15%,  20%,  and    25%,-     S2,000  exempt 
from  tax.     (c)  To  uncles,  aunts,  or  their  de- 
scendants, 4%  up  to  S25,000;  upon  the  same 
increasing  amounts  the  rates  are  8%,   10%, 
15%,  20%,  25%,,  and  30%,.    81,000  exemption, 
(d)  To  others  more  remote  in  blood,  5%  up  to 
825,000;    the   rates   increase   as   above   up  to 
8500,000  as  follows:  10%,  15%,  20%,  and  25%,. 
above  8500,000  the  rate    is  30%,.     $500  ex- 
emption. 

Colorado 

To  parents,  husband  or  wife,  child  or  descendant, 
brother,    sister,    son-    or    daughter-in-law,    or 
adopted    child,    810,000    exempt.     Rates    on 
excess  2%  up  to  8100,000;    3%,  8100,000  to 
8200,000;  4%,.  above  8200,000. 

To  uncle,  aunt,  nephew,  niece  or  their  descend- 
ants, 8500  exempt.      Rates  on  excess  3%  up  to 
820,000;  4%,  320,000  to  850,000;  5%,  850,000 
to  8100,000;  6%,  above  8100,000. 

To  all  others  above  8500:    On  S500  to  810.000, 
tax  Is  3%;  810,000  to  820,000,  4%;  820,000 
to  850,000,  5%,;  850.000  to  S500.000,  6%; 
above  8500,000,  10%. 

1.  Moneys  held  In  a  fiduciary  capac- 

ity. 

2.  Administration  expenses. 

3.  Expenses  for  funeral  and  last  sick- 

ness. 

4.  Allowances  to  widow  and  orphans. 

Connecticut 

To  husband,  wife,  parent,  grandparents,  descend- 
ants, adopted  parent,  adopted  child  or  its  de- 
scendants, 1%,  810,000  to  850,000;  2%,,  850,000 
to  8250,000;  3%,  8250,000  to  81,000,000;  4%, 
above  81,000,000. 

To  brothers,  sisters,  or  their  descendants,  step- 
child,    son-in-law    or    daughter-in-law,     3%, 
83,000  to  825,000;  5%,  825,000  to  850,000;  6%, 
850.000  to  8250,000;  7%,  8250.000  to  81,000,- 
000;  8%  above  81,000,000. 

To  others  more  remote  in   blood,   5%,  8500  to 
850.000;     6%,     850,000     to     8250,000;     7%, 
8250,000  to  81,000,000;  8%  above  81,000,000. 

1.  Funeral    and    administration    ex- 

penses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Taxes. 

4.  Wages  within  three  months. 

5.  Other   preferred   claims   by   State 

laws.                  ' 

Delaware 

To  grandparents,  parents,  husband  or  wife,  cMld 
or    descendant,    son-    or    daughter-in-law,    or 
adopted     child,     83,000     exempt.     Rates     on 
excess,    1%    up   to  830,000;   2%,    830,000    to 
8100,000;     3%,    5100,000   to    8200,000;     4%, 
above  8200,000. 

To  brother,  sister,  uncle,  aunt,  great-uncle,  great- 
aunt    or    their    descendants,    81,000    exempt. 
Rates   on   excess    2%    up    to    825,000;    3%,, 
825,000  to  8100,000;  4%>,  8100,000  to  8200,000; 
5%  above  8200,000. 

To  others  more  remote  5%  up  to   825,000:  6%, 
825,000  to  SIOO.OOO;  7%,,  8100,000  to  8200,- 
000;    8%,    above   8200,000. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Wages  to  servants  and  laborers. 

4.  Rent  (not  over  one  year). 

5.  Judgments. 

6.  Obligations  of  record. 

7.  Obligations  under  seal. 

8.  Contracts  lor  payment   of   money 

or  delivery  of  goods. 

District  of 
Columbia. .  .  . 

None. 

1.  Judgments  or  decree  of  Court. 

2.  Other  debts. 

Florida 

None. 

1.  Administration  expenses. 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

4.  Judgments  and  debts  due  to  State. 

Georgia 

To  parents,  husband,  wife,  child,  or  adopted 
child,  lineal  descendant,  brother,  or  sister, 
or  daughter-in-law  the  tax  la  1%.     §5,000 
exempt. 

To  all  others,  5%,. 

1.  Year's  support  of  family. 

2.  Expenses  of  funeral  and  last  sick- 

ness. 

3.  Administration  expenses. 

4.  Taxes. 

5.  Fiduciary  obligations. 

6.  Judgments,   mortgages  and  other 

Hens. 

7.  Rent. 

8.  Liquidated  demands. 

Idaho. ........ 

Tax  on  estates  less  than  825,000  at  following 
rates : 

(a)  To  husband   or  wife,   lineal  Issue    or 
ancestor,  adopted  child  or  its  issue,  1  % ;  ex- 
empt to  widow  or  minor  child,  810,000;  to 
others  of  Class  A,  exempt,  84,000. 

(b)  To  brother  or  sister,  or  their  descend- 
ants, or  wife  or  widow  of  son,  or  husband  of 
daughter,  1  H  % ;  exempt,    82,000. 

(c)  To  uncles,  aunts  or  descendants,  3  %  ; 
exempt,  81,500. 

(d)  To  great-uncles,   great-aunts  or   de- 
scendants, 4%:  exempt,  81.000. 

(e)  To  more  distant  relatives  or  strangers 
!n  blood,  5%,:  exempt.  8500.  ' 

On  larger  estates  than  825,000  the  above  rates 
are  multiplied  as  foUows:    825,000  to  850,- 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

4.  Judgments  and  mortgages. 

550 

Administration  of  Deceased  Persons^  Estates. 

State. 

Inheritance  Tax. 

Preferred  Obligations. 

Idaho 

Continued. 

000,  IVi  times  above;  350,000  to  SIOO.OOO, 
2  times  above:  S100,000  to    5500,000,  2".^ 
times  above;  3500,000  and  upward,  3  times 
above. 

Illinois 

To     parents,      husband,       wife     descendant, 
adopted  child,  brother,  sister,  wife    o;  son, 
husband   of   daughter,     on    amounts    from 
S20,000  to  SIOO.OOO  the  rate   Is  1%;  above 
3100,000,  2%;  exempt  below  S20.000. 

To  uncle,  aunt,  niece,  nephew  or  their  descend- 
ants the  rate  Is  2%  on   amounts    less   than 
320,000;    4%    on    amounts    In      excess    ol 
320,000;  exempt  below  32,000. 

To  all  others  the  rates  vary  with  amounts  as 
follows:    Up   to   SIO.OOO.    3%;   310,000    to 
$20,000,    4%;    820,000    to     850,000,     5%; 
850,000  to  3100,000,  6  7o:  above   8100,000, 
10  7o;  exempt  to  3500. 

1.  Funeral    and    administration    ex- 

penses. 

2.  Allowance  to  widow  and  children. 

3.  Expenses  of   last   sickness,   except 

doctor's  bin  and  wages  to  serv- 
ants. 
i.  Debts  to  common  school  or  town- 
ship funds. 

5.  Doctor's  bill,  last  sickness. 

6.  Money  owed  In  fiduciary  capacity. 

Indiana 

On    amounts    not    exceeding    325,000,     the 
primary  rates  are: 

(1)  To  husband,   wife,   ancestor,   descendant, 
adopted  child,  or  its  descendants,  1%.    Exempt 
310,000  to  widow  and  32,000  to  other  parties 
just  named. 

(2)  To  brother,  sister  or  their  descendants,  or 
to  son-in-law  or  daughter-in-law,  114%;  ex- 
empt 3500. 

(3)  To  uncle,  aunt  or  their  descendants,  3  7c. 
exempt  3250. 

(4)  To  great-uncle,  great-aunt   or    their  de- 
scendants, 4%;  exempt  S150. 

(5)  To  others  more  remote,  5%;  exempt  8100. 

On  larger  amounts  the  primary  rates  are  mul- 
tiplied as  follows:     (1)  from  525,000  to  350,- 
000,  IM  times;  (2)  from  350,000  to  3100,000, 
twice;   (3)   from  SlOO.OOft  to  3500,000.   2>^ 
times;  (4)  above  S500.000,  3  times. 

1.  Administration  expenses.- 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

4.  Taxes. 

5.  Debts   secured    by   liens    on    real 

estate. 

6.  Wages,  not  over  850. 

Iowa 

Property  passing  to  parents,  husband  or  wife, 

lineal  descendants,  adopted  child  or  Issue 

thereof  Is  exempt. 
To  others  5%  tax  above  31,000. 
To  alien  non-residents  of  the  State  tax  Is  20  % 

unless  alien  is  brother  or  sister,  when  tax  is 

10%. 

1.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

2.  Public  rates  and  taxes. 

3.  Wages  within  90  days  of  death. 

4.  Claims  filed  within  six  months  after 

notice. 

Kansas 

Property    passing   to   husband,    wife,   ancestors, 
descendants,  son  -  in  -  law,  daughter  -  in  -  law, 
adopted  children   or  their  descendants  is  ex- 
empt from  tax. 

To  brothers  or  sisters,   35,000  is  exempt,   and 
rates  are  3%,  35,000  to  825,000:  5%,  825,000  to 
850,000;    7'A%,    .?50,000    to    3100,000;    10%, 
3100,000  to  $500,000:  12  H%  above  3500,000. 

To  others  more  remote  the  rate  is  5%    up  to 
325,000,  and  on  the  increasing  amounts  stated 
above  the  rates  are  7H%,  10%,  12)^%,,  and 
15%. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness.    Admin- 

istration    expenses.     Wages     of 
servants. 

3.  Debts  due  to  State. 

4.  Judgments. 

5.  All  demands  presented  within  oue 

year  after  letters  of  adminlstra- 
tlon. 

6.  Demands  presented  after  one  year 

and  before  two  years. 

Kentucky 

On  amounts  not  exceeding  825,000,  the  primary 
rates  are: 

(a)  To    husband,    wife,    ancestor,    descendant, 
adopted  child,  1%.    310,000  exempt  to  widow 
and  each  minor  child,  to  others  In  this  class 
35,000  exempt. 

(b)  To  brother,  sister,  or  their  descendants,  or 
to     son-in-law    or     daughter-in-law,     1J^%; 
exempt  82.000. 

(c)  To  uncle,  aunt,  or  their  descendants,  3%; 
exempt  31,500. 

(d)  To   great-uncle,    great-aunt,    or    their    de- 
scendants, 4%;  exempt  31,000. 

(e)  To  others  more  remote,  5%;  exempt,  3500 
On  larger  amounts  the  primary  rates  are  multi- 
plied   at    the    same    amounts    and  rates  a.s 
provided  by  the  Indiana  statute  (above). 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Administration  expenses. 

3.  Moneys  due  In  fiduciary  capacity. 

Louisiana 

Exempt  to  310,000  to  husband  or  wife,  parents  or 
lineal  ancestors,  children  or  descendants;  excess 
taxable  at  2%;  to  others  5%. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Legal  expenses. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

4.  Servants'  wages  within  one  year. 

5.  Salaries,  clerks. 

Maine . 

To  ancestors,  parents,  husband,  wife,  descend- 
ants, adopted  child,  adoptive  parent,  wife  of 
son,   husband  of  daughter,   the  rates  are  as 
follows:      Up    to    350,000,    1%;    360,000    to 
8100,000,  1H%;  above  3100,000,  2%;   310,000 
exempt    to    parents,    husband,    wife,   child, 
adopted  child,  or  adoptive  parent. 

To  brother,  sister,  uncle,  aunt,  nephew,  niece 

1.  Funeral    and    administration    ex- 

penses. 

2.  Allowance  to  husband,   widow  or 

children. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

4.  Debts  preferred  under  U.  S.  laws. 

5.  Taxes. 

Administration  of  Deceased  Persons'  Estates. 


551 


State. 

Inheritance  Tax. 

Preferred  Obligations. 

Maine 

or  cousin,  the  rates  on  the  above  amounts 
are  4  %,  4  >i  %  and  5  %  ;  $500  exempt. 
To  others,  rates  on  the  same  amounts  are  5%, 
6%  and  7%;  same  exemption. 

Corainuea. 

Maryland 

Exempt  to  parents,  husband  or  wife,  children, 
or  lineal  descendants;  to  others,  5%  above 
S500. 

1.  Taxes. 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 

3.  Arrears  of  rent. 

4.  Judgments  or  decrees  of  Court. 

Massachusetts.. 

(a)  To  husband,  or  wife,  parent,  child,  grand- 
child, adopted  child,  or  adoptive  parent.      1  % 
up  to  825,000;    2%,  S25,000  to  $50,000;    4%, 
550,000  to  §250,000;    5%,  8250,000  to  81,000,- 
000;  6%,  above  81,000,000. 

(b)  To  ancestor,  or  descendant,  except  those  in- 
cluded   in    the   previous    clas.s,     or    son-    or 
daughter-in-law,  descendant  of  adopted  child, 
or  ancestor  of  adoptive  parent.      1%   up  to 
810,000;   2%,  810,000  to  825,000;  4%,  825,000 
to   850.000;     5%,  850,000   to   .8250,000;     6%, 
8250,000  to  Sl.000,000;  7%,  above  81,000,000. 

(c)  To    brother,    sister,    step-child,   step-parent, 
half-brother,  half-sister,  nephew  or  niece,  the 
rates  on  the  amounts  given  in  class  (b)  are  3%, 
5%.  7%.  8%,  9%  and  10%. 

(d)  To  others   more  remote,   the  rates  on  the 
same  amounts   are   5%,    6%.   7%,   8%,   9% 
and  10%. 

Exempt  to  husband,  wife,  parent,  child,  adopted 
child  or  adoptive  parent  310,000.     To  others 
81,000. 

1.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

2.  Public  rates  and  taxes. 

3.  Wages,  not  over  8100. 

4.  Debts    for    necessaries    furnished 

within  six  months  not  exceeding 
8150. 

Michigan 

Tax  of  1  %  to  grandparents,  parents,  husband 
or  wife,  child, brother  or  sister,  wife  or  widow 
of  son,  husband  of  daughter,  lineal  descend- 
ants, adopted  child,  or  one  to  whom  deceased 
stood  In  relation  of  parent,  exempt  to  82,000. 

To   others,    5%    over   8100.       Exemption    to 
widow  Is  85,000. 

1.  Administration  expenses. 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

4.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

Minnesota 

Five   classes   of   beneficiaries   are   recognized: 
(a)  wife,  or  lineal  descendant;  (b)  husband, 
parents,    ancestors,     adopted     children    or 
Issue  thereof;  (c)   brother  or  sister  or  their 
descendants,  son-in-law  or  daughter-in-law; 
(d)  uncles,  aunts  or  their  descendants;    (e) 
others  more  remote. 

The  rates  for  amounts  not  exceeding  815,000 
(called   the   primary   rates)   for  the  classes 
given   above  are  respectively    \%,    l'A%, 
3  7o,  4%  and  5%.   On  amounts  from  815,000 
to  830,000  the  primary  rates  are  multiplied 
114  times;  from  330,000  to  350,000  twice; 
from   850,000  to  3100,000   2H   times,  and 
above  8100,000  3  times. 

Exemptions  are  to  classes  (a)  anfl  (b)  810,000, 
except  ancestors,  83,000;  to  class  (c)  81,000; 
to  class   (d)    S250  and  to  class   (e)   SIOO. 

1.  Administration  expenses. 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

4.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

5.  Taxes. 

Mississippi .... 

None. 

No  statutory  preference. 

Missouri 

Primary   rates  on  amounts   below   820,000   are 
as  follows: 

(1)  Husband  or  wife,  lineal  descendant  or  an- 
cestor, adopted  child  or  its  descendants,  1%. 
Exemption   315,000   to  husband   or   wife,    to 
others  of  this  class  85.000. 

(2)  Brother,   sister,    or   their   descendants,   son- 
or   daughter-in-law,   3%.     8500   exempt. 

(3)  Uncle  or  aunt   or  their    descendants,    3%; 
$250  exempt. 

(4)  Great-uncle,  great-aunt,  or  their  descendants, 
4%;   3100   exempt. 

(5)  To  others  more  remote  5%. 

On  larger  amounts  the  primary  rates  are  multi- 
plied as  follow.     820,000  to  840,000,  twice; 
340,000    to    880,000,   3   times;     380,000     to 
3200,000.     4     times;     8200,000     to    8400,000 
5  times;  above  8400,000,   6  times. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness;   wages 

of  servants;  tombstone. 

3.  Taxes  and  public  debts. 

4.  Judgments. 

5.  All  demands  presented  within  sl3 

months  after  letters. 
0.   All    demands    exhibited    after    six 
months  and  before  one  year 

Montana 

Tax   of    1%    to  parents,  husband,  wife,  child, 
brother,  sister,  descendant,  adopted  child, 
son-in-law,  daughter-in-law,  87,500  exempt. 

To  all  others.  5%  over  8500. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2    Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Debts  preferred  under  U.  S.  laws. 

4.  Judgments  and  mortgages. 

Nebraska 

Taxable  at  1%  to  parents,  husband  or  wife, 
child,  brother  or  sister,  wife  or  widow  of  son, 
husband   of  daughter,   adopted  child,  and 
lineal  descendants,  exempt  to  S10,000. 

To  uncle,  aunt,  nephew  or  niece,  or  their  de- 
scendants, 2%;  exempt  to  $2,000. 

To  others,   above   5500   as   follows:   8500  to 
$5,000,  2%:  85,000  to  $10,000,  3%;  810,000 
to  320,000,  4%:  820,000  to  $50,000,  S'',: 
above  $50,000.  G%. 

1.  Funeral  expenses  not  exceeding  SIOO. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

552 

Administration  of  Deceased  Persons^  Estates. 

State. 

Inheritance  Tax. 

Preferred  Obligations. 

Nevada 

On     amounts     not     exceeding     325,000     the 
primary  rates  are: 

(1)  To  husband  or  wife,  ancestors,  descend- 
ants or  adopted  child,  1%.    820,000  exemot 
to   widow   or  minor   child;   to   others  just 
named  810,000  exempt. 

(2)  To    brother,    sister,    or    their    descendants, 
son-in-law   or   daughter-in-law,   2%;     810,000 
exempt. 

(3)  To  uncles,  aunts  or  their  descendants,  3  %  ; 
S.5,000  exempt. 

(4)  To  great-uncles,  great-aunts  or  their  de- 
scendants, 4%.     (5)   To  all  others,  5%. 

On  larger  amounts  the  primary  rates  are  mul- 
tiplied as  follows:    825,000  to  850,000,  twice 
primary  rates;  850,000  to  8100,000,  3  times: 
8100,000  to  8500,000,  4  times;  above  8500,- 
000,  5  times. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Wages,  within  ninety  days. 

4.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

5.  Judgments  and  mortgages. 

N.  Hampshire... 

Exempt  to   parents,  husband  or  wife,   lineal 
descendants,  brother,  sister,  adopted  child, 
or  issue  thereof,  wife  or  widow  of  son,  hus- 
band of  daughter. 

To  all  others,  5%. 

1.  Administration  expenses. 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 

3.  Allowance  to  widow. 

4.  Taxes  and  expenses  of  last  sickness. 

New  Jersey. . . . 

To  husband  or  wife,  child,  adopted  child,  or 
its  issue,   or  lineal   descendant  the  rates  are 
1%   from    85,000  to  850,000:     IH%    850.000 
to  8150,000:    2%   8150,000  to  8250,000;    3% 
above  8250,000.    85,000  is  exempt. 

To  parents,   brother,  sister,   son-in-law,   and 
daughter-in-law,    the    rates    are   2%,  from 
85,000  to  850,000;   2H%  850,000  to  S150,- 
000;  3%  8150,000  to  5250,000;  4%  above 
8250,000.  85,000  Is  exempt.    All  others,  5%, 
8500  exempt. 

1.  Judgments. 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 

3  Medical  expenses  of  last  sickness. 

New  Mexico. .  . 

None. 

1.  Administration  expenses. 

2.  Funeral  and  last  sickness  expenses. 

3.  Allowance   for    widow   and    minor 

children. 

4.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  or  State 

laws.         5.  Taxes. 

New  Yorl5 

To   parents,   husband   or   wife,   child,    adopted 
child    (85,000  exempt),   and   to   descendants 
(8500   exempt),   1%   up   to  825,000;   2%   on 
the  next  875,000;  3%  on  the  next  8100,000; 
4%  upon  all  additional  sums. 

To  brother,  sister,  son-in-law,  or  daugliter-in- 
law,  S500  exempt;  2%  up  to  825,000;  3%  on 
the  next  875,000;  47o  on  the  next  8100.000; 

To  others  more  remote,  S500  exempt;  5%  up  to 
825,000;  6%  on  the  next  875,000;  7%  on  the 
next  8100,000;  8%  thereafter. 

1.  Funeral    and    administration    ex- 

penses. 

2.  Debts  preferred  under  U.  S.  laws. 

3     Ti\P*? 

4!  Judgments  and  decrees. 

North  Carolina. 

To  husband  or  wife,  parents  or  ancestor,  children 
or     descendants,     adopted     child.     Exempt, 
SIO.OOO    to    widow,    85,000    to    minor    child, 
82,000    to    others    of    this    class.     Rates    on 
excess,   1%    up    to  825,000;    2%,   825,000  to 
8100,000;     3%,    8100,000    to    8250,000:     iVc. 
8250,000   to   8500.000;     5%    above   8500,000. 

To    brother,    sister,    or    their    descendants,    no 
exemption.     Rates     on     the     amounts     given 
above  are:    3%,   4%,   5%,   6%   and   7%. 

To  others  more  remote,  the  rates  on  the  same 
amounts  are:    5%,  6%,  7%,  8%  and  9%. 

1.  Debts  secured  by  Jlens  on  property 

of  deceased. 

2.  Funeral  expenses. 
i.   Taxes. 

4.  Debts  due  U.  S.  or  State. 

5.  Judgments. 

6.  Wages  within  one  year.     Medical 

attendance  within  one  year. 

*North    Dakota. 

To  husband  or  wife  (820,000  exempt),  father, 
mother,   descendants,   adopted  child   or  Its 
descendants,  1%  up  to  8100,000;  2%  from 
8100,000  to   8250,000;   2'A%,   8250,000   to 
8500,000;       3%      above      8500,000,     810,000 
exempt. 

To  brother  or  sister,  son-in-law  or  daughter- 
in-law  (8500  exempt),  IH  %  up  to  825,000; 
214%   from   825,000  to   850,000;   3%    from 
850,000  to  8100,000;  3H%  from  8100,000  to 
8500,000;  4H  %  above  8500,000. 

To  uncle,  aunt  or  their  descendants,  3%  up  to 
825,000:  4)^%  from  825,000  to  850,000:  6% 
from  850,000  to  8100,000;  7H%  from  8100,- 
000  to  8500,000;  9%  above  8500,000. 

To  others,  5%  up  to  825,000;  6%  from  825,- 
000  to  850,000;  9%  from  850,000  to  8100,- 
000;  12%  from  8100,000  to  §500,000;  15% 
above  S500.000. 

1.  Administration  expenses. 

2.  Funeral  and  last  sickness  expenses. 

3.  Allowance  to  family. 

4.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

5.  Debts  secured  by  liens  on  property 

of  deceased. 

*  There     is     a 
special   provision 
in     the     law     of 
North  Dakota  for 
the  protection  of 
interests    in    es- 
tates of  persons 
in  the  military  or 
naval   service   of 
the  U.  S. 

Ohio 

Exempt  to  parents,  husband  or  wife,  lineal  de- 
scendants or  adopted  child. 
To  others,  5  %  above  8500  exempt. 

1.  Administration,    funeral    and    last 
sickness  expenses. 

2.  Allowance  to  widow  and  children 

for  twelve  months. 

3.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

4.  Taxes-        6.  Wages  up  to  $150. 

Adviinistration  of  Deceased  Persons'  Estates. 


553 


State. 

Inheritance  Tax. 

Preferred  Obligations. 

Olvlahoma 

To  parents,  husband  or  wife,  child,  brother,  sister, 
scn-in-law,  daughter-in-law,  adopted  child,  or 
lineal    descendant,    1%    up    to    S25,000;    2%, 
S25,000  to  550,000:  3%,  850,000  to  S100,000: 
4%  above  8100,000.    515,000  to  widow,  510,000 
to  each  child,  and  55,000  to  each  other  person 
named  above  is  exempt. 

To  others  more  remote,  52,500  e.xempt;  tax  above 
exemption,  5%  up  to  325,000;  6%,  525,000  to 
550,000;  8%,  550,000  to  5100,000;  10%  above 
5100,000. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Support  of  family  for  ninety  days. 

4.  Taxes  to  U.  S.  er  State. 

5.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  or  Stati' 

laws. 
0.  Judgments  or  mortgages. 
7.  Other  claims  presented  within  si.-: 

months. 

Oregon 

To    grandoareuts,    parents,    husband    or    wife, 
child   or  descendant,   brother,   sister,   son-  or 
daughter-in-law,    adopted    child,    85,000    ex- 
empt.     The  rate  1  %  below  525,000,  increases 
with    varying    amounts    up    to    4%      above 
3600,000. 

Uncle,  aunt,  nephew,  niece  or  tlieir  descendants. 
The  rates  Increase  from  2%   from  51,000    to 
55,000;  up  to  8%  above  5200,000. 

To  others  more  remote,  the  rates  increase  from 
3%  from  S500  to  52,500;    up  to  10%    above 
$200,000. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Taxes  due  U.  S. 

3.  Elxpensos   of   last   sickness. 

4.  Public  rates  and  taxes. 

5.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

6.  Debts  secured   by   Hens   on    prop- 

erty of  deceased. 

7.  Wages  within  ninety  days. 

Pennsylvania .  . 

Estates  less  than  5250  exempt. 

Exempt  to  parents,  husband  or  wife,   children 

or  lineal  descendants,  stepchildren,  adopted 

children,  wife  or  widow  of  son. 
To  all  others,  5%. 

1.  Funeral     and     last     sickness     ex- 

penses.     AVages    due    household 
servants  within  one  year. 

2.  Rent,  within  one  year. 

Rhode  Island.  . 

Estates   under   85,000   tax   exempt    Cabove   said 
sum   a   general   tax   of    K%    is    imposed     in 
addition  to  the  rates  specified  below). 

To    grandparents,    oarents,    husband     or    wife, 
child,  or  descendant,  adopted  child,  brother, 
sister,  nephew,  niece,  son-in-law,  or  daughter- 
in-law,   525,000  is  exempt.      Rates  on  excess 
are:       'A%    below    850,000;    1%,    850,000    to 
5250,000;    1H%,   8250,000   to  8500,000;    2%, 
8500,000    to    8750,000;    2H%.     5750,000    to 
81,000,000;  3%  above  51,000,000. 

To  others  more  remote  51,000  is  exempt,    and 
rates  on  excess  are:     5%  up  to  850,000;    6%, 
$50,000  to  8250,000;  7%,  8250,000  to   51,000,- 
000:  8%.  above  81,000,000. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  slekness. 

3.  Debts  due  U.  S. 

4.  State  and  town  taxes. 

5.  Wages  up  to  5100. 

6.  Other  claims  presented  within  six 

months. 

7.  Other  claims  presented  within  on.3 

year. 

South  Carolina. 

XoilL'. 

1.  Funeral,  last  sickness,  probate  and 

administration  expenses. 

2.  Debts  due  to  public. 

3.  Judgments,  mortgages  and  execu- 

tions. 

4.  Rent. 

5.  Bonds,  contract  debts. 

♦South  Dakota. . 

On  amounts  not  exceeding  515,000  the  primary 
rates  of  tax  are: 

(1)  To  wife  or  lineal  Issue,  1%.     (2)  To  husband, 
ancestor  or  adopted  child  or  its  issue,  1H%- 
(3)  To  brother,  sister  or  their  descendants,  to 
son-in-law   or   daughter-in-law,   3%.      (4)   To 
uncles,  aunts  or  their  descendants,  4%.     (5) 
To  others,  5%. 

On  increased  amounts  the  primary  rate  is  multi- 
plied as  follows:  815,000  to  530,000,  1  H  times; 
830,000  to  850,000,  twice;  850,000  to  8100,000, 
2>^  times;  above  8100,000,  3  times. 

$10,000  is  exempt  to  husband,  wife,  issue  or 
adopted  child;  53,000  Is  exempt  to  ancestor; 
81,000  exempt  to  class  (3),  8250  to  class  (4), 
and  5100  to  class  (5). 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Administration  expenses. 

4.  Wages  for  60  days. 

5.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

6.  Debts   secured   by   llena  on   prop- 

erty of  deceased. 
* 

*  There    is    a 
special  provision 
in     the     law     of 
South  Dakota  for 
the  protection  of 
interests    of    es- 
tates  of   persons 
In  the  U.  S.  mili- 
tary or  naval  sev- 
\ice. 

Tennessee 

To  parents,  husband,  wife,  child  or  descend- 
ants, SIO.OOO  exempt.     Upon  excess,  1%  up 
to  820,000;  IM  %  above  520.000. 

To  others,  5%  aoove  S250. 

No  pi'iovit:-. 

Texaa 

Exempt  to  parents,  husband  or  wife  or  de- 
scendants. 

The  rate  of  taxation  on  other  legacies  varies 
(above  such   sum    as  Is  exempt)   with  the 
amount  of  the  legacy.     Six  divisions  as  to 
amount  are  recognized:     (1)  up  to  510,000; 
(2)  510,000  to  525.000;  (3)  525,000  to  850,- 
000:  (4)  550,000  to  5100,000;  (5)  5100.000  to 
8500,000;  (6)  above  5500,000. 

To  ancestors,   brothers,  sisters  or  their  de- 
scendants, the  rates  on  the  above  amounts 
are  2%.  2^%,  3%.  d'A%,  4%   and  5%,, 
82.000  being  exempt.     To  uncles,  aunts  or 
their  descendants  the  rates  are  3%.  4%. 
5%.  6%,  7%  and  8%,  51,000  being  exempt. 

To   others    more    remote   the  rates  are  4%, 
5K%,    7%,   8H%,    10%    and    12%,   $500 
being  exempt. 

1.  Funeral     and     last    sickness     ex- 

penses. 

2.  Administration  -expenses  and   one 

year's    support    of    widow    and 
children. 

3.  Debts    secured    by    mortgage    or 

other  Hen. 

4.  Other     debts     presented     within 

twelve  months. 

6.54 

Adininistration  of  Deceased  Persons'  Estates. 

STATE. 

Inheritance  Tax. 

Preferred  Obligations. 

Ut  ,., 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

Slfl  000   of  pflph    p^ltatp   PXPmnt"    tnv   S*5!,      SI 0  000  ^      T?.YnoTlan<3    r\f    In«t.    »lp1rTi<^aa    anA    o/l_ 

to  S25,000;  5%  above  525,000. 

V 

ministration. 

3.  Wages  up  to  5100. 

4.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  or  State 

laws. 

5.  Debts  secured  by  liens. 

Vermont 

Exempt  to  parents,  husband  or  wife,  lineal  de- 
scendants, stepchild,  adopted  child,  or  llnea 
descendant    thereof,  wife  or  widow  of  son, 
husband  of  daugnter. 

To  all  others,  6%. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Headstone  not  over  325. 

3.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

4.  Taxes. 

5.  Debts  due  to  .State. 

6.  Debts  due  to  U.  S. 

7.  Wages  within  3  months,  not  over 

550  per  credlto;-. 

Virginia 

On  amounts  not  exceeding  SoO.OOO  the  primary 
rates    are:        (a)    To    grandparent,     i)arent, 

1     husband   or  wife,    child,   descendant,   brother 

1     or    sister,    1%.       S15.000    exempt.       (b)  To 
others  more  remote,  5%. 

On  larger  amounts  tlie  primary  rates  are  multi- 
plied as  follows:    (1)   from  550,000  to  8250,000, 
twice;    (2)   S250,000  to  51,000,000,   3   times; 
(3)   above  81,000,000,  4  times. 

1.  Funeral    and    administration    ex- 

penses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness,  not  ex- 

ceeding 550,  doctor  or  druggist. 

3.  Taxes. 

4.  Money  owing  as  trustee  or  In  lldu» 

clary  capacity. 

Washington. .  . . 

To  parents,  husband  or  wife,  lineal  descendant, 
adopted    child    or    its    descendants,    510,000 
exempt.     Rates   on    excess   are:      1%    up   to 
550,000;      2%,     850,000     to     3100,000;      3% 
3100,000   to   8250,000;     5%    above   3250,000. 

To  brother,  sister,  uncle,  aunt,  nephew  or  niece, 
no    exemption,    tlie    rates    on    the    amounts 
stated  are:    3%,  5%,  7%  and  9%. 

To  others  more  remote,  the  rates  on  the  same 
amounts   are:     6%,    9%,    12%    and    15%. 

1.  Funeral  expenses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness. 

3.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

4.  Wages,  within  ninety  days. 

5.  Taxes. 

tj.  Judgments  and   mortgages   wlilch 
are  liens  on  land. 

West  Virginia... 

To  lineal  ancestor,  husband,  wife,  descendant, 
the  rate  Is  1%  on  amounts  up  to  525,000; 
325,000  to  350,000,  I'A^.o:  350,000  to  SlOO,- 
000,    2%;    3100,000    to    5500,000,    2M%; 
above  3500,000,  3%.     E.xempt  up  to  510,- 
000,  except  In  case  of  widow,  where  315,000 
Is  exempt. 

To  brother  or  sister  the  rate  Is  3  %  up  to  325,- 
000,  and  for  the  var.vlng  amounts  stated 
above  the  rates  are  4H%,  6%,  7M%  and 
0%.     To  others  more  remote  the  rates  are 
5%,  7H%,  10%,  12M%  and  15%. 

1.  Funeral    and    administration    ex- 

penses. 

2.  Debts  owing  to  U.  S. 

4.'  Fiduciary  obligations. 

Wisconsin 

(1)  Tax  of  1%  to  husband,   wife,  lineal  de- 
scendants, lineal  ancestors,  adopted  child, 
and  lineal  Issue  thereof. 

(2)  To  brothers,  sisters  and  their  descendants, 
wife  or  widow  of  son,  or  husband  of  daughter, 
1H%. 

(3)  To  uncles,  aunts  or  their  descendants,  3%. 

(4)  To  great-uncles,  great-aunts  and  their  de- 
scendants, 4%. 

(5)  To  all  others,  5%. 

When  the  estate  Is  above  525,000  the  above 
rates  are  multiplied  as  follows:    525,000  to 
550.000,    IM    times   on   excess;   850,000   to 
3100,000,   2  times  on    excess;   5100,000  to 
5500,000,  2!^  times  on  excess;  above  5500,- 
000,  3  times  on  excess.     Exempt  510,000  to 
widow  and  lesser  amounts  to  other  relatives, 
down  to   5100  exemptions  to  strangers  In 
blood. 

1.  Last  sickness  and  funeral  expenses. 

2.  Debts  preferred  by  U.  S.  laws. 

Wyoming 

Tax   of   2%    on   amount   above    310,000    to 
parents,    husband   or   wife,   child,    brother, 
sister,  lineal  descendants,  wife  or  widow  of 
son,  husband  of  daughter,  adopted  or  ac- 
knowledged child  for  ten  years. 

To  others  than  above,  tax  of  5% ;  S500  exempt. 

1.  Funeral    and    administration    ex- 

penses. 

2.  Expenses  of  last  sickness  and  sixty 

days'    wages.    Including    medical 
attendance  and  medicines. 

3.  Judgments  and  mortgages. 

4.  All    claims    presented    within    six 

months. 

5.  All  claims  presented  within  one  yr. 

United  States. . . 

The  Federal  Tax  ia  Imposed  on  the  estate  as  a 
legatees,  irrespective  of  the  relationship  of  the 
of  each  estate  Is  exempt  from  tax.   The  rates  oi 
Ing  350,000,  2%;  $50,000  to  5150,000,  4%;  3 
5450,000,  8%:  5450,000  to  51,000,000,  10%;  51 
to  53,000,000,   14%;  33,000,000  to  54,000,000 
55,000,000  to  $8,000,000,  20%;  58,000,000  to  $ 
25%. 

whole,  not  on  the  shares  of  the  several 
beneficiaries  to  the  decedent.    550,000 
1  the  excess  are  as  follows:     Not  exceed- 
5150,000  to  $250,000,  6%:  5250,000  to 
,000,000  to  $2,000,000,  12%;  $2,000,000 
16%;  $4,000,000  to  $5,000,000,   18%; 
10,000,000,  22%;  exceeding  510,000,000. 

Distribution  of  Intestate^ s  Personal  Estate.  555 


DISTRIBUTION    OF    INTESTATE'S    PERSONAL    ESTATE. 

The  following  is  a  synopsis  of  the  laws  of  the  various  States  providing  for  the  rlistiibntlon  of  the  personal 
estate  of  a  deceased  after  the  payment  of  funeral  expenses  and  other  debts  where  there  is  no  wiU: 

In  many  of  the  States  the  widow  and  children  are  entitled  to  receive  a  small  portion  of  the  estate, 
generally  varying  from  SlOO  to  S500,  before  the  claims  of  creditors  are  paid.  Aside  from  such  exempt 
portion  of  the  estate,  the  property  to  be  distributed  to  the  widow  or  relatives  is  that  remaining  after  all 
creditors'  claims  have  been  satisfied. 

The  following  is  the  plan  of  distribution  of  a  male's  property.  The  same  rules  apply  to  a  female's 
estate,  except  in  some  States,  where  the  rights  of  a  husband  in  the  estate  of  hi"  deceased  wife  differ  from 
those  of  a  wife  in  the  estate  of  her  deceased  hiisband,  v/hich  will  be  shown  in  a  separate  table. 

I.  In  all  States  wliere  the  deceased  leaves  a  child  or  children,  or  descendants  of  any  deceased  child, 
and  no  widow,  the  children  or  descendants  take  the  entire  estate,  to  the  exclusion  of  ail  other  relatives. 
The  children  take  equal  shares,  and  in  most  States  the  descendants  of  a  deceased  child  toscether  take  tho 
share  of  their  parent,  except  where  the  descendants  are  all  in  equal  degree  to  the  deceased  (aU  grandchildren, 
no  children  surviving)^,  when  they  share  equally  and  do  not  take  their  proportionate  share  of  their  parent'n 
interest. 

No  statement  is  given  in  this  synopsis  of  the  law  of  Louisiana,  which,  being  founded  on  the  provisions, 
of  the  French  code  and  Roman  law  instead  of  the  English  common  law,  which  is  the  underlying  principle 
in  the  other  States,  differs  in  many  respects  from  the  pnnciples  followed  in  the  other  States,  especially  on 
the  question  of  the  rights  of  a  husband  and  wife  in  each  other's  property  and  In  the  property  acquired  bj' 
the  husband  and  wife  during  their  married  life.  The  provisions  of  the  law  of  Indiana  are  also  not  included, 
for  the  reason  that  for  an  accurate  statement  of  its  provisions  a  reading  of  the  entire  statute  Is  necessary, 
together  with  the  decisions  of  the  Indiana  courts  construing  its  provisions,  which  would  occupy  too  much 
space  for  a  statement  here. 

II.  (a)  If  deceased  leaves  a  widow,  and  no  children  or  descendants,  the  widow  takes  all.  This  i.) 
the  rule  in  Alabama,  Arizona,  Colorado,  Florida,  Georgia,  Illinois,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Nev/ 
Jersey,  New  Mexico,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Washington,  West  Virginia  and  Wisconsin. 

(b)  In  the  following  States  the  widow  takes  one-half,  the  residue  being  taken  by  the  other  relative? 
in  the  manner  and  proportion  In  which  they  take  the  entire  estate  when  the  deceased  leaves  neither  widow 
nor  descendants  (given  below) ;  Arkansas,  California,  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Kentucky, 
Maine,  Maryland,  Missouri,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  North  Carolina,  Oklahoma,  Rhode  Island, 
Texss,  Washington,  West  Virginia  and  Wisconsin. 

(c)  In  Massachusetts.  North  Dakota,  Pennsylvania  and  Utah  the  widow  takes  the  entire  estate  up 
to  .'55,000  and  one-half  of  the  residue. 

(d)  In  Connecticut  the  widow  takes  the  entire  estate  up  to  S2,000  and  one-half  of  the  residue. 

(e)  In  New  York,  if  there  be  a  father  or  mother  of  deceased  surviving,  the  widow  takes  one-half:  if 
there  be  no  father  or  mother,  but  a  brother  or  sister,  nephew  or  niece  surviving,  the  widow  takes  S2,00i) 
and  one-half  residue;  if  there  be  no  parent,  brother,  sister,  nephew  or  niece,  the  widow  takes  all.  Thfi 
residue  after  the  widow's  share  passes  in  each  case  in  accordance  with  the  pi'ovisions  applying  where  n-j 
widow  or  issue  survive. 

(f)  In  New  Hampshire  the  widow  takes  SI, 500,  and,  if  the  estate  exceeds  S3, 000,  one-half  of  the  residu"^, 

(g)  In  Wyoming  the  widow  takes  the  entire  estate  up  to  820,000  and  three-fourths  of  the  residue  (it 
brother,  sister  or  parent  survive,  otherwise  all  to  widov/). 

(1)  In  Michigan  the  widow  takes  the  entire  estate  up  to  S3,000and  one-half  of  the  residue  (if  brother, 
sister  or  parent  survive,  otherwise  all  to  widow). 

(j)  In  Vermont  the  widow  takes  entire  estate  if  not  exceeding  S2,500;  it  more  than  £2,500,  widow  takeo 
that  sum  and  one-half  of  residue. 

III.  (a)  When  the  deceased  leaves  a  widow  and  children,  or  descendants,  the  widow  takes  one-third 
and  the  children  share  equally  in  the  residue  in  the  following  States:  Arizona,  Arkansas,  Connecticut, 
Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  Illinois.  Iowa,  Maine,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Minnesota,  New 
Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  Ohio  (one-half  if  less  than  S400),  Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  South 
Carolina,  Texas,  Vermont,  Virginia  and  West  Virginia. 

(b)  In  the  following  States,  if  there  be  but  one  child,  the  widow  takes  one-half  and  the  child  one-half; 
if  two  or  more  children  or  their  descendants,  the  widow  takes  one-third,  as  above,  and  the  children  or  their 
descendants  the  residue:  California,  Florida,  Idaho,  Michigan,  Montana,  Nevada,  North  Dakota,  Okla- 
homa, South  Dakota  and  Utah. 

(c)  In  the  following  States  the  widow  takes  one-half  and  the  children,  or  descendants,  the  residue: 
Colorado,  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Oregon,  Washington  and  Wyoming. 

(d)  In  the  following  States  the  widow  takes  the  same  share  as  each  of  the  children:  Mississippi, 
Missouri,  Tennessee  and  Wisconsin. 

(e)  In  North  Carolina,  if  there  are  less  than  three  children,  the  widow  takes  one-third  and  the  children 
the  residue;  if  there  are  three  or  more  children,  the  widow  takes  the  same  share  as  each  of  the  children. 

(f)  In  Alabama,  if  there  is  but  one  child,  the  widow  takes  one-half  and  the  child  one-half;  if  there  are 
more  than  one  child  and  less  than  five  children,  the  widow  takes  the  same  share  as  each  of  the  children; 
if  there  are  five  or  more  children,  the  widow  takes  one-flfth  and  the  children  or  their  descendants  share 
equally  in  the  re'?idue.  ,  ,_     .     ^ 

(g)  In  Georgia,  if  there  are  less  than  five  children,  the  widow  takes  the  same  share  as  each  of  the 
children;  If  there  are  five  or  more  children,  the  widow  takes  one-flfth  and  the  children  or  their  descendant!^ 
share  equally  in  the  residue. 

In  Nebraska  if  widow  is  not  the  parent  of  all  the  children  of  the  deceased  and  there  be  more  than  ono 
child,  widow  takes  one-fourth  and  children  the  residue.  If  widow  is  parent  of  all  children  of  the  deceased, 
she  takes  one-half  if  there  be  but  one  child  and  the  child  the  residue;  if  there  be  more  than  one  child  the 
widow  takes  one-third  and  the  children  the  residue.  ,  ^       .       ,_ 

(h)  In  New  Mexico,  the  widow  takes  one-half  of  the  estate  acquired  during  marriage,  otherwise  than 
by  gift  (by  purchase,  for  example)  and  the  children  or  their  descendants  share  equally  In  the  residue;  the 
widow  also  takes  one-fourth  of  the  estate  acquired  before  marriage,  or  by  fift  or  legacy  during  marriage, 
the  children  or  their  descendants  taking  the  residue. 

IV.  (a)  When  the  deceased  leaves  no  widow,  children  or  descendants,  the  parents  take  the  entiro 
estate  in  equal  shares  in  the  following  States:  Alabama,  Arizona,  California,  Colorado,  Connecticut,  Idaho. 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada, 
New  Hampshire,  North  Carolina,  Oklahoma,  Pennsylvania,  Texas,  Utah,  Vermont,  Washington,  Wisconsin 
and  Wyoming.  „  ..  ...  •    j     j 

In  all  of  the  States  just  mentioned,  except  Alabama,  Arizona,  Maine,  and  Texas,  if  one  parent  is  dead, 
the  surviving  parent  takes  the  fen  tire  estate,  to  the  exclusion  of  brothers  and  sisters.  In  Alabama,  Arizona. 
Maine,  and  Texas  the  surviving  parent  takes  one-half  and  the  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendantt, 
take  the  residue.  ,  ^  ,     ^^ 

In  all  of  them,  if  both  parents  are  dead,  the  brothers  and  sisters  and  their  descendants  take  the  entiro 

(b)  In  the  following  States  the  father.  If  living,  takes  the  entire  estate;  if  the  father  is  dead,  then  to 
the  mother  and  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendants  equally;  and  if  both  parents  are  dead,  then  t-j 
the  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendants:  Florida,  New  York,  Oregon,  Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota, 
Tennessee,  Virginia,  and  West  Virginia.  ..    ^    ,  .,.      ■    ^     ^    t.,™  *, 

'O  In  the  following  States  the  father,  if  living,  takes  the  entire  estate;  if  the  father  Is  dead,  then  to 


55(i  Promissory  Notes  and  Checks. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF   INTESTATE'S   PERSONAL   ESTATE — Continued. 

the  mother,  and  if  both  parents  are  dead,  then  to  the  brothers  and  sisters  of  their  descendants:     Arltansas, 
District  of  Columbia  and  North  Dakota. 

(d)  In  the  following  States  the  parents,  if  living,  and  the  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendants,, 
take  the  entire  estate,  sharing  equally:     Georgia,  Illinois,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  New  Jersey  and  South 
Carolina. 

(e)  In  Delaware,  Ohio  and  Maryland  (where  the  property  did  not  descend  to  intestate  from  either 
parent),  the  brothers  and  sisters,  or  their  descendants,  talce  the  entire  estate  in  preference  to  the  parents, 
who  only  inherit  if  there  are  no  brothers  or  sisters  or  lawful  issue  of  any  deceased  brothers  or  sisters. 

DISTRIBUTION    OF    FEMALE'S    ESTATE. 
In  the  following  States,  if  the  deceased  wa.«!  a  married  woman,  the  rights  of  her  surviving  hu.sband  in 
her  personal  estate  differ  from  the  rights  of  a  widow  in  the  estate  of  her  deceased  husband  as  shown  in  the 
above  synopsis. 

(a)  In  Delaware,  District  of  Columbia,  North  Carolina,  Rhode  Island,  and  Virginia  the  liusbaiid  takes 
the  entire  personal  estate,  whether  there  is  any  issue  of  the  marriage  or  not. 

(b)  In  New  Yoric,  if  there  are  no  cliildren  or  descendants  of  children,  the  husband  talies  the  entire 

(c)  In  Florida.  Georgia,  and  Pennsylvania,  it  there  are  no  children  or  descendants,  the  husband  takes 
the  entire  estate;  if  there  are  children,  the  h'.isband  takes  the  same  share  as  each  child. 

(d)  In  Ohio  the  husband  takes  the  entire  estate  if  there  are  no  children  or  descendants;  if  there  are 
children  or  descendants,  they  take  the  entire  estate. 

(e)  In  Alabama  the  husband  takes  one-half  of  the  estate,  the  children,  or  descendants,  taking  the  residue. 

(f)  In  North  Carolina,  where  surviving  husband  is  not  also  the  father  of  all  the  children  of  decedent, 
if  there  be  one  child  the  husband  takes  one-half  and  the  clilld  one-half;  if  there  be  more  than  one  child, 
husband  takes  child's  share.  

ACKNOWLEDGMENT    OF    DEEDS. 

An  Acknowledgment  is  the  act  of  declaring  the  execution  of  an  instrument  before  an  officer  authorized 
to  certify  to  such  declaration.  The  officer  certiaes  to  the  fact  of  such  declaration,  and  to  his  knowledge 
of  the  person  so  declaring.  Conveyances  or  deeds  of  land  to  be  entitled  to  be  recorded  must  first  be  acknowl- 
edged before  a  proper  officer.     Most  of  the  States  have  forms  of  acknowledgments,  which  should  be  followed. 

Acknowledgments  may  be  taken  In  general  by  Notaries  Public,  Justices  of  the  Peace,  Judges  or  Clerks 
of  Courts  of  the  higher  grades.  Registers,  Masters  in  Chancery,  Court  Commissioners.  Town  Clerks,  Mayor 
and  Clerks  of  incorporated  cities,  within  their  respective  jurisdictions. 

The  requisites  to  a  valid  deed  are  the  same  in  general  ,is  other  contracts,  but  the  appointment  of  an 
attorney  to  execute  a  deed  for  another  person  must  in  general  be  executed  with  the  same  formalities  requisite 
to  the  deed  Itself. 

Seals  or  their  equivalent  (or  whatever  is  Intended  as  such)  are  necessary  in  Alaska,  Connecticut, 
Delaware,  District  of  Columbia.  Florida,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Maine,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan, 
Minnesota,  Missouri,  New  Hampshire.  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Carolina,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania, 
South  Carolina,  Vermont,  Virginia,  We.st  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  Wyoming.  In  almost  all  the  States  deeds 
by  corporations  must  be  under  seal.  Forms  are  prescribed  or  indicated  by  the  statutes  of  most  of  the 
States  except  Connecticut.  Florida,  Louisiana.  Separate  Acknowledg.ment  by  wife  is  required  in  Alaska, 
Arkansas,  Delaware,  District  of  Columoia,  Florida,  Georgia.  Idaho,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Montana,  Nevada, 
New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Texas.  One  Witness 
to  the  execution  of  deeds  is  required  in  District  of  Columbia,  Maine  (customary),  Maryland.  Nebraska, 
New  Jersey  (usual),  Oklahoma.  Utah,  Wyoming.  Two  Witnesses  to  the  execution  of  deeds  are  required 
in  Arkansas,  Connecticut,  Florida,  Georgia,  Louisiana,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  New  Hampshire,  Ohio, 
Oregon.  South  Carolina,  Texas,  Vermont,  Wisconsin. 


PROMISSORY  NOTES  AND  CHECKS. 

Negotiable  instruments,  the  common  forms  of  which  are  promissory  notes,  checks,  or  other  bills 
of  exchange,  while  having  the  same  general  requisites  as  other  contracts,  have  certain  distinct  features. 
'The  purpose  of  the  law  is  to  facilitate  as  much  as  possible  their  free  passing  from  hand  to  hand  like  cur- 
rency. The  assignment  of  an  ordinary  contract  leaves  the  assignee  in  no  different  position  for  enforcing 
his  rights  than  that  of  his  assignor,  but  one  who  takes  a  negotiable  instrument  from  a  prior  holder,  without 
knowledge  of  any  defences  to  it,  before  its  maturity,  and  gives  value  for  it,  holds  it  free  of  any  defences 
which  might  have  been  set  up  against  his  predecessors,  except  those  defects  that  were  inherent  in  the 
instrument  itself. 

To  be  negotiable  an  instrument  must  be  in  writing  and  signed  by  the  maker  (of  a  note)  or  drawer 
(of  a  bill  or  check). 

It  must  contain  an  unconditional  promise  or  order  to  pay  a  sum  certain  in  money. 

Must  be  payable  on  demand,  or  at  a  fixed  future  time. 

Must  be  payable  to  order  or  to  bearer. 

In  a  bill  of  exchange  (check)  the  party  directed  to  pay  must  be  reasonably  certain. 

Every  negotiable  instrument  is  presumed  to  have  been  issued  for  a  valuable  consideration,  and  want 
of  consideration  In  the  creation  of  the  instrument  is  not  a  defence  against  a  bona-flde  holder. 

An  instrument  is  negotiated,  that  is  completely  transferred,  so  as  to  vest  title  in  the  purchaser, 
if  payable  to  bearer,  or  indorsed  simply  with  the  name  of  the  last  holder,  by  mere  delivery,  if  payable  to 
order  by  the  indorsement  of  the  party  to  whom  it  is  payable  and  delivery. 

One  who  transfers  an  instrument  by  indorsement  warrants  to  every  subsequent  holder  that  the  instru- 
ment Is  genuine,  that  he  has  title  to  it,  and  that  if  not  paid  by  the  party  primarily  liable  at  maturity,  he 
will  pay  It  upon  receiving  due  notice  of  non-payment. 

To  hold  an  indorsee  liable  the  holder  upon  its  non-payment  at  maturity  must  give  prompt  notice 
of  such  non-payment  to  the  indorser  and  that  the  holder  looks  to  the  indorser  for  payment.  Such  notice 
should  be  sent  within  twenty-four  hours. 

Wlien  an  Indorser  is  thus  compelled  to  pay  he  may  hold  prior  parties  through  whom  he  received 
the  Instrument  liable  to  him  by  sending  them  prompt  notice  of  non-payment  upon  receiving  such  notice 
from  the  holder. 

One  who  transfers  a  negotiable  instrument  by  delivery,  without  indorsing  It,  simply  warrants  that 
the  instrument  is  genuine,  that  he  has  title  to  it,  and  knows  of  no  defence  to  it,  but  does  not  agree  to  pay 
it  if  unpaid  at  maturity. 

The  maker  of  a  note  is  liable  to  pay  it  If  unpaid  at  maturity  without  any  notice  Irom  the  holder 
or  indorser. 

Notice  to  one  of  several  partners  is  sufficient  notice  to  all. 

When  a  checic  is  certified  by  a  bank  the  bank  becomes  primarily  liable  to  pay  it  without  notice  of 
Its  non-payment,  and  when  the  holder  of  a  check  thus  obtains  its  certification  by  the  bank,  the  drawer  of 
the  check  and  previous  indorsers  are  released  from  liability,  and  the  holder  looks  to  the  bank  for  payment. 

A  bona-fide  holder  of  a  negotiable  instrument,  that  is,  a  party  who  takes  an  Instrument  regular  on 
its  face,  before  its  maturity,  pays  value  for  it  and  has  no  knowledge  of  any  defences  to  it,  is  entitled  to 


Arrest  in  Civil  Action.  557 


PROMISSORY  NOTES  AND  CHECKS— Co»«nwec(. 


hold  the  party  primarily  liable  responsible  fcr  its  payment,  despite  any  defences  he  may  have  against  the 
party  to  whom  he  gave  it,  except  such  as  rendered  the  instrument  void  in  its  inception.  Thus,  if  th^ 
maker  of  a  note  received  no  value  for  it,  or  was  Induced  to  issue  it  through  fraud  or  imposition,  they  do 
not  defeat  the  right  of  a  bona-fide  holder  to  compel  its  payment  from  him. 

The  following  States  have  enacted  a  similar  Negotiable  Instrument  Law:  Alabama,  Arizona 
Colorado,  Connecticut,  Dist.  of  Columbia,  Florida,  Idaho,  Iowa,  Kansas,  JCentucliy,  Louisiana,  Maryland 
Nebraska,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Oregon! 
Pennsylvania,  Rhode  Island,  Tennessee,  Utah,  Virginia,  Washington,  and  Wisconsin — and  the  same  general 
rules  aoply  in  all  the  States. 


LAW  OF  CONTRACTS. 

A  contract  Is  an  agreement  of  two  or  more  parties  by  which  reciprocal  rights  and  obligations 
are  created.  One  party  acquires  a  right,  enforceable  at  law,  to  some  act  or  forbearance  from  the  other, 
who  is  under  a  corresponding  obligation  to  thus  act  or  forbear. 

Generally  speaking,  all  contracts  which  are  made  between  two  competent  parties,  for  a  proper  con- 
sideration without  fraud  and  for  a  lawful  purpose,  are  enforceable  at  law. 

To  the  creation  of  a  valid  contract  there  must  be: 

1.  Precise  agreement.  The  offer  of  one  party  must  be  met  by  an  acceptance  by  the  other,  according 
to  the  terms  offered. 

2.  There  must  be  a  consideration.  Something  of  value  must  either  be  received  by  one  party  or  given 
up  by  the  other. 

3.  The  parties  must  have  capacity  to  contract.  The  contracts  of  insane  persons  ara,not  binding  upon 
them.  Married  women  are  now  generally  permitted  to  contract  as  though  single,  and  mnd  their  separate 
property.  The  contracts  of  an  Infant  are  generally  not  binding  upon  him  unless  ratified  after  attainlni; 
his  majority.  The  contracts  of  an  Infant  for  ."necessaries"  may  be  enforced  against  him  to  the  extent  of 
the  reasonable  value  of  the  goods  furnished.  It  is  incumbent  upon  one  seeking  thus  to  hold  an  infant  to 
show  that  the  goods  furnished  were  in  fact  necessary  to  the  Infant,  and  that  he  was  not  already  supplied 
by  his  parents  or  guardians. 

4.  The  party  s  consent  must  not  be  the  result  of  fraud  or  imposition,  or  it  may  be  avoided  by  the  party 
imposed  upon. 

5.  The  purpose  of  the  parties  must  be  lawful.  Agreements  to  defraud  others,  to  violate  statutes,  or 
whose  aim  is  against  public  policy,  such  as  to  create  monopolies  or  for  the  corrupt  procurement  of  legislative 
or  ofncial  action,  are  void,  and  cannot  be  enforced  by  any  party  thereto. 

Contracts  in  general  are  equally  valid  whether  made  orally  or  in  writing,  with  the  exception 
of  certain  classes  of  contracts,  which  in  most  of  the  States  are  required  to  be  attested  by  a  note  or  memo- 
randum in  writing,  signed  by  the  party  or  his  agent  sought  to  be  held  liable.  Some  of  the  provisions,  which 
are  adopted  from  the  old  English  Statute  of  Frauds,  vary  in  some  States,  but  the  following  contracts 
very  generally  are  required  to  be  thus  attested  by  some  writing: 

Contracts  by  their  terras  not  to  be  performed  within  a  year  from  the  making  thereof. 

A  promise  to  answer  for  the  debt,  default,  or  miscarriage  of  another  person. 

Contracts  made  in  consideration  of  marriage,  except  mutual  promises  to  marry. 

Promise  of  an  executor  or  administrator  to  pay  debts  of  deceased  out  of  his  own  property. 

Contracts  for  the  creation  of  any  interest  or  estate  in  land,  with  the  exception  of  leases  for  a  short  term, 
generally  one  year. 

Contracts  for  the  sale  of  goods  above  a  certain  value,  unless  a  portion  of  the  price  is  paid  or  part  oi 
the  goods  delivered.  The  reouired  value  of  the  goods  sold  varies  in  different  States  from  S30  to  $200.  I;i 
a  number  of  the  States  no  such  provision  exists. 

In  many  of  the  States  declarations  or  conveyances  of  trust  estates. 

In  many  States  representations  .as  to  the  character,  credit,  or  responsibility  of  another  person. 

Partial  performance  of  the  contract  is  generally  held  to  dispense  with  the  necessity  for  a  writing. 

If  the  damages  liable  to  result  from  the  breaking  of  a  contract  are  uncertain  the  parties  may 
agree  upon  a  sum  to  which  either  may  be  entitled  as  compensation  for  a  breach,  which  will  be  upheld  by 
the  courts,  but  if  the  sum  so  flxed  Is  not  designed  as  a  fair  compensation  to  the  party  injured,  but  as  a 
penalty  to  be  inflicted,  it  will  be  disregarded. 

A  party  Is  generally  excused  for  the  failure  to  perform  what  he  has  agreed  only  by  the  act  or 
God  or  the  public  enemy,  except  in  cases  involving  a  personal  element  in  the  work  to  be  performed,  such 
as  the  rendition  of  services,  when  the  death  or  sickness  of  the  party  contracting  to  perform  them  is  a  valid 
excuse,  or  contracts  for  the  performance  of  work  upon  a  specified  object,  when  its  destruction  without  the 
fault  of  the  party  sought  to  be  held  liable  is  a  sufficient  excuse. 


ARREST  IN  CIVEL  ACTION. 


While  imprisonment  lor  debt  as  it  formerly  existed  in  English  and  American  law,  by  which  a  debtor 
might  be  arrested  and  imprisoned  for  mere  inability  to  pay  his  creditor,  no  longer  exists  in  the  United 
States,  the  statutes  of  the  majority  of  the  States  provide  for  the  arrest  of  a  defendant  in  a  civil  action  under 
varying  conditions.  A  large  number  of  States  determine  the  right  of  arrest  by  the  character  of  the  claim 
on  which  suit  is  brought,  allowing  in  it  actions  for  fraud  or  the  Injuries  known  in  the  law  as  "torts,"  such 
as  an  injury  to  the  person  or  property,  conversion  or  embezzlement,  libel,  slander,  or  the  like. 

In  the  following  States  no  civil  arrest  is  allowed:  Arizona,  District  of  Columbia,  Florida,  Maryland, 
Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  New  Mexico,  Tennessee,  and  Texas. 

In  the  following  States  the  right  to  arrest  depends  upon  the  nature  of  claim  in  suit;  In  actions  for 
fi-aud  or  torts,  Connecticut;  for  fraud,  libel,  slander,  or  violent  injury  to  person  or  property,  Delaware;  for 
fraud  only,  Iowa  and  Kansas;  only  after  verdict  of  jury,  finding  malice,  fraud,  or  wilful  deceit,  Colorado; 
for  torts,  breach  of  promise  to  marry,  misconduct  or  embezzlement  in  office  or  professional  capacity,  Michigan, 
Pennsylvania,  and  New  York  (also  for  fine  or  penalty  or  to  recover  property  concealed  from  Sheriff). 

In  the  following  States  arrest  is  only  allowed  against  a  defendant  about  to  remove  from  State  or  about 
to  conceal,  transfer,  or  remove  his  property  to  avoid  plaintiff's  claim  or  defraud  creditors.  Irrespective  Oi 
the  nature  of  the  claim:  Indiana,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  New  Hampshire,  Utah,  Virginia.  In  New  Hamp- 
shire tax  collector  may  also  arrest  person  for  non-payment  of  poll  tas  If  not  sufficient  property  upon  which 
to  make  distress.  ,  .     ,         ,      -^     ^  ^     ^ 

In  the  following  States  arrest  is  allowed  in  contract  actions  where  the  defendant  is  about  to  depars 
from  the  State  or  conceal  or  remove  his  property,  and  also  in  actions  for  fraud  or  torts  of  various  kinds, 
though  the  provisions  are  not  identical:  Arkansas  (fraud  only),  California,  Idaho,  Illinoia,  Maine,  Massa- 
chusetts, Montana,  Nevada,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Oregon,  South  Carolina,  South 
Dakota,  Vermont,  Washington,  West  Virginia  (fraud  only),  Wisconsin.  .      .  „ 

In  Georgia  arrest  only  allowed  against  attorneys.  Sheriffs  or  other  officers  of  the  court  for  failure  to 
pay  over  money  collected  and  in  certain  ch-cumstances  against  defendant  who  conceals  property  from 
Sherlfl.    The  drawer  of  a  check  on  which,  on  presentation  to  the  bank,  payment  is  refused  is  guilty  of  a  mis- 


^58        National  Women*s  Trade  Union  League  of  America. 

ARREST  IN  CIVIL  ACTION— Continued. 

Jemeanor.  Criminal  prosecution  cannot  be  Instituted,  however,  until  after  an  expiration  of  thirty  days 
and  not  then  if  the  drawer  malses  good  the  invalid  checlt. 

In  Wyoming  (only  after  judgment)  in  actions  for  fraud,  or  money  lost  at  gambling,  or  where  defenSan 
lias  removed  or  concealed  property  to  avoid  judgment. 

In  Rhode  Island,  allowed  In  all  actions  except  to  recover  debt  or  taxes. 

In  Ohio,  when  an  afQdavit  ia  filed  showing:  About  to  remove  property  to  defraud  creditors,  convert 
property  Into  money  for  same  purpose,  conceal  property  or  rights  Id  action  fraudulently,  assigned  or  disposed 
uf  property  with  intent  to  defraud  creditors.  Fraudulently  contracted  the  debt,  or  incurred  the  obligation. 
Money  or  property  sought  to  be  recovered  was  in  gambling  on  a  bet  or  wager. 

WILLS. 

A  Will  or  Testament  is  a  final  disposition  of  a  person's  property,  to  take  effect  after  his  death. 
A  codicil  is  an  addition  or  alteration  in  such  disposition.  All  person.s  are  competeut  to  make  a  will 
e.xcept  idiots,  per.sons  of  unsound  mind,  and  infants.  In  many  States  a  will  of  an  unmarried  woman  is 
deemed  revoked  by  her  subsequent  marriage.  A  nuncupative  or  unwritten  will  is  one  made  oraHy 
by  a  soldier  in  active  service,  or  by  a  manner  while  at  sea. 

In  most  of  the  States  a  will  must  be  in  writing,  signed  by  the  testator,  or  by  some  person  in  his 
presence,  and  by  his  direction,  and  attested  by  witnesses,  who  must  subscribe  their  names  thereto  in 
ihepresence  of  the  testator.    The  form  of  wording  a  will  i.<;  immaterial  as  long  as  its  intent  is  clear. 

Age  at  which  persons  may  make  wills  is  in  most  of  the  States  21  years.  Males  and  females 
are  competent  to  make  wills  at  18  years  m  the  following  States:  California,  Connecticut,  Idaho, 
-Montana,  Nevada,  North  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  South  Dalcota,  Utah  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands;  and  in 
t!ie  following  States  only  females  at  18  years:  Colorado,  District  of  Columbia,  Illinois,  Maryland, 
.Missouri,  Washiiiaton,  Wisconsin. 

In  the  followiliw  states  persons  of  18  years  may  dispose  of  personal  property  only:  Alabama, 
Arkansas,  Missouri,  Oregon,  Rhode  Island,  Virginia,  West  Virginia;  in  Georgia  auj' one  over  14 years 
and  in  Louisiana  any  one  over  16  years  is  competent  to  make  a  will.  In  Colorado,  persons  of  17  years, 
and  in  New  York  males  of  18  and  females  ot  16  years  may  dispose  of  personalty.  Wjtnessses— 
Most  of  the  States  require  two  witnesses,  except  in  Connecticut  (3),  Maine  (3),  Massachusetts  (3), 
New  Hampshire  (3),  South  Carolina  (3),  Vermont  (3).  

THE    BANKRUPTCY    LAW. 

EXTKACT3  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATER  BANKRUPTCY  ACT  OF  JULY  1,   1898,  AS  AMENDED  BY  SUBSEQUENT  ACTS. 

Sec.  4.  Who  May  Become  Bankrupts. — («)  Any  per.son  who  owes  debts,  except  a  corporation, 
shall  be  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  this  act  as  a  voluntary  bankrupt. 

(ft)  Any  natural  person,  except  a  wage-earner,  or  a  person  engaged  chiefly  in  farming  or  the  tillage  of 
the  soil,  any  unincorporated  company,  and  any  corporation  engaged  principally  In  manufacturing,  trading, 
printing,  publishing,  mining,  or  mercantile  pursuits,  owing  debts  to  th^  amount  of  one  thousand  dollars  or 
over,  may  be  adjudged  an  involuntary  bankrupt  unon  deiault  or  an  impartial  trial,  and  shall  be  subject  to 
the  provisions  and  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  this  act.  Private  bankers,  but  no  national  banks  or  banks 
incorporated  under  State  or  Territorial  laws,  may  be  adjudged  involuntary  bankrupts. 

The  bankruotcy  of  a  corporation  shall  not  release  Us  ofticera,  directors,  or  stockholders,  as  such,  from 
any  liability  under  ttie  laws  of  a  State  or  Territory  or  of  the  United  States. 

Sec.  7.  Duties  op  Bankrupts. — (a)  The  bauKrunt  shall  (1)  attend  the  first  meeting  ot  his  creditors, 
if  directed  by  the  court  or  a  Judge  thereof  to  do  so,  and  the  hearing  upon  his  application  for  a  discharge, 
if  filed:  (2)  comply  with  all  lawful  orders  of  the  court;  (3)  examine  the  correctness  of  all  proofs  of  claims 
filed  against  his  estate;  (4)  execute  and  deliver  such  papers  as  shall  be  ordered  by  the  court;  (5)  execute 
to  his  trustee  transfers  of  all  his  property  In  foreign  countries;  (6)  Immediately  inform  his  trustee  of  any 
attempt,  by  his  creditors  or  other  persons,  to  evade  the  provisions  of  this  act,  coming  to  his  knowleage; 
(7)  In  case  of  any  person  having  to  his  knowledge  proved  a  false  claim  against  his  estate,  disclose  that  fact 
■immediately  to  his  trustee;  (8)  prepare,  make  oath  to,  and  file  In  court  within  ten  days,  unless  further  time 
!s  granted,  after  the  adjudication  if  an  involuntary  bankrupt,  and  with  the  petition  if  a  voluntary  bankrupt. 
\  schedule  of  his  property,  showing  the  amount  and  kind  of  property,  the  location  thereof,  its  money  value 
n  detail,  and  a  list  of  his  creditors,  showing  their  residences.  If  known  (if  unknown  that  fact  to  be  stated), 
6he  amount  due  each  of  them,  the  consideration  thereof,  the  security  held  by  them,  if  any,  and  a  claim  for 
such  exemptions  as  he  may  be  entitled  to.  all  In  triplicate,  one  copy  of  each  for  the  clerk,  one  for  the  referee, 
and  one  for  the  trustee;  and  (9)  when  present  at  the  first  meeting  of  his  creditors,  and  at  such  other  times 
as  the  court  shall  order,  submit  to  an  examination  concermng  me  conducting  of  his  business,  the  cause 
of  his  bankruptcy,  his  dealings  with  his  creditors  and  other  persons,  the  amount,  kind,  and  whereabouts 
of  his  property,  and,  in  addition,  all  matters  which  may  affect  the  administration  and  settlement,  of  his 
estate;  but  no  testimony  given  by  him  shall  be  offered  in  evidence  against  him  in  any  criminal  proceedings. 

Provided,  however,  that  he  shall  not  be  required  to  attend  a  meeting  of  his  creditors,  or  at  or  for  an 
examination  at  a  place  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  distant  from  his  home  or  principal  place 
of  business,  or  to  examine  claims  except  when  presented  to  him,  unless  ordered  by  the  court,  or  a  Judge 
thereof,  for  cause  shown,  and  the  bankrupt  shall  be  paid  his  actual  expenses  from  the  estate  when  examined 
cr  required  to  attend  at  any  place  other  than  the  city,  town,  or  village  of  his  residence. 

Act  of  March  3,  1911  (Judicial  Code)  36  Stat.  1134,  as  follows; 

Sec.  24.     Original  jurisdiction  in  district  courts. 

"Sec.  130.  The  Circuit  Courts  ot  Appeals  shall  have  the  appellate  and  supervisory  Jurisdiction  con- 
ferred upon  them  by  the  act  entitled  'An  act  to  establish  a  uniform  system  of  bankruptcy  throughout  the 
United  States,"  approved  July  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety-eight,  and  all  laws  amendatory  thereof, 
and  shall  exercise  the  same  in  the  manner  therein  prescribed." 

Sec  252  states  the  appellate  jurisdiction  of  the  Supreme  Court  conferred  upon  it  by  the  Bankruptcy 
Act  of  July  1,  1898. 

Sec.  4,  Act  of  January  28,  1915,  as  follows: 

"That  the  judgments  and  decrees  of  the  Circuit  Courts  of  Appeals  in  all  proceedings  and  cases  arising 
under  the  Bankruptcy  Act  and  in  all  controversies  arising  in  such  proceedings  and  cases  shall  be  final,  save 
only  that  it  shall  be  competent  for  the  Supreme  Court  to  require  by  certidraTi,  upon  the  petition  of  any 
party  thereto,  that  the  proceeding,  case,  or  controversy  be  certified  to  it  tor  review  and  determination, 
with  the  same  power  and  authority  as  if  taken  to  that  court  by  appeal  or  writ  of  error;  but  ceTtlorari  shall 
not  be  allowed  in  any  such  proceeding,  case,  or  controversy  unless  the  petition  therefor  Is  presented  to  the 
Supreme  Court  within  three  months  from  the  date  of  such  judgment  or  decree." 

By  act  of  Congress,  approved  March  2,  1917,  section  17  of  the  Bankruptcy  Law  of  1898  was  amended 
by  adding  to  debts  not  affected  by  a  discharge  those  "for  breach  of  promise  of  marriage  accompanied  by 
seduction."  - 

NATIONAL    WOMEN'S    TRADE    UNION    LEAGUE    OF    AMERICA. 

President — Mrs.  Raymond  Robins.  Vice-President — Miss  Melinda  Scott.  SecretaTy-Treasurer — Mlsa 
Emma  Steghagen.     Headquarters,  139  North  Clark  Street,  Chicago,  111. 

The  officers  of  the  New  York  society  are:  President — Rose  Schnelderman.  Treasurer — Jessie  H. 
Childs.    Secretary — Mrs.  Maud  Swartz.    Headquarters,  7  East  Fifteenth  Street,  New  York  City 


Marriage  and  Divorce  Laws. 


559 


MARRIAGE    AND    DIVORCE    LAWS. 

Marriage  Licenses — Required  in  all  the  States  and  Territories  except  Alaska.  California  and  New 
Mexico  require  both  parties  to  appear  and  be  examined  under  oath,  or  submit  affidavit. 

Marriage.  Prohibition  of — Marriages  between  whites  and  persons  of  negro  descent  are  prohibited 
and  punishable  in  Alabama,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  California.  Colorado.  Delaware,  Florida.  Georgia  Idaho 
Indiana.  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland.  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  North  Carolina,  Oklahoma' 
Oregon,  South  Carolina,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Utah,  Virginia,  and  West  Virginia.  The  causes  for  absolut" 
divorce  given  in  the  table  are  in  addition  to  adultery,  which  is  a  primary  cause  in  every  State  except  Sout'i 
Carolina.  Marriages  between  whites  and  Indians  are  void  in  Arizona,  North  Carolina,  Oregon,  and  Soutli 
Carolina;  and  between  whites  and  Chinese  in  Arizona,  California,  Mississippi,  Oregon,  and  Utah.  Marriage 
between  first  cousins  is  forbidden  in  most  of  the  States,  as  is  the  marriage  of  an  epileptic  or  imbecile 


Statf.3. 


Alabama. 


Alaska 

2  years 

Arizona 

1  year. 

Arkansas 

1  year. 

California 

1  year. 

Colorado 

I  year. 

Connecticut 

3  years 

Delaware 

1  year. 

D.  of  Col 

Florida. . 

imibia. 

•3  years. 
2  years. 

Georgia 

1  year. 

Hawaii 

2  years. 

Idaho 

6  months 

Illinois 

1  year. 

Indiana 

2  years. 

Iowa 

I  year. 

Kansas 

1  year. 

Kentucky 

1  year. 

Louisiana 

1  year. 

Maine 

1  year. 

Maryland 

2  years. 

Massachusetts. . 

3-5  years 

Michigan 

I  year. 

Residence 
Required 


1-3  years. 


Causes  for  Absolute  Divorce. 


Abandonment  two  years,  crime  against  nature,  habitual  drunkenness,  violence, 
pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage,  physical  incapacity, 
imprisonment  for  two  years  for  felony,  it  husband  becomes  addicted  to 
cocaine,  morphine  or  similar  drugs.  New  ground  for  divorce;  To  the  wife, 
when  the  wife  without  support  from  the  husband  has  lived  separate  and 
apart  from  the  bed  and  board  of  the  husband  for  five  years  next  precedins 
the  filing  of  the  bill  and  she  has  actually  resided  in  this  State  during  all 
of  said  period.  Acts  1915,  held  to  authorize  granting  of  divorce  to  wife 
only  upon  lapse  of  five  years  from  and  after  date  of  its  enactment.  Divorce 
statutes  are  generally  held  not  to  be  retrospective. 

Felony,  physic.il  incapacity,  desertion  two  years,  cruelty,  habitual  drunkennes.s 

Felony,  physical  incapacity,  desertion  one  year,  excesses,  cruelty,  neglect  to 
provide  one  year,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage, 
conviction  of  felony  prior  to  marriage  unknown  to  other  party,  habitual 
drinikenness. 

Desertlnu  one  year,  felony,  h.abitual  drunkenness  one  year,  cruelty,  former 
marriage  existing,    physical   incapacity. 

Ci-ueity.  desertion  one  year,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year, 
felony. 

Desert  on  one  year,  physical  incapacity,  cruelty,  failure  to  provide  one  year, 
habitual  drunkenness  or  drug  flend  one  year,  felony,  former  marriage 
e;.istin!?. 

Fraud  alent  contract,  wilful  desertion  three  years,  with  total  neglect  of  duty, 
habitual  drunkenness,  cruelty,  imprisonment  for  life,  infamous  crime  in- 
volving violation  of  conjugal  duty  and  punishable  by  imprisonment  in  State 
prison,  seven  years'  absence  without  being  heard  irom. 

Desertion  two  years,  habitual  drunkenness  for  two  years,  cruelty,  bigamy, 
felony  followed  by  a  continuous  imprisonment  for  at  least  two  years — and 
at  the  discretion  of  the  Court,  fraud,  want  of  age,  neglect  to  provide  three 
years.  "When  at  the  time  the  cause  of  action  arose,  either  party  was  a 
bona  fide  resident  of  the  State,  and  has  continued  so  to  be  down  to  the  time 
of  the  commencement  of  the  action;  except  that  no  action  for  absolute  divorce 
shall  be  commenced  lor  any  cause  other  than  adultery,  or  bigamy,  unless 
one  of  the  parties  has  been  for  the  two  years  next  preceding  the  commence- 
ment ot  me  action,  a  bona  fide  resident  of  th  s  State." 

Marriages  may  be  annulled  for  former  existing  marriage,  lunacy,  fraud,  coercion, 
physical  incapacity,  and  want  of  age  at  time  of  marriage 

Cruelty,  violent  temper,  habitual  drunkenness,  physical  incapacity,  desertion 
one  year,  lormcr  marnage  existing,  relationship  within  prohibited  degrees. 

Mental  and  physical  incapacity,  desertion  inree  years,  felony,  cruelty,  force, 
duress,  or  fraud  in  obtaining  marriage,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than 
husbana  at  marriage,  relationship  within  prohibited  degrees. 

Desertion  one  year,  felony,  leper,  cruelty,  habitual  drunkenness. 

Cruelty,  desertion  one  year,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year, 
felony,  insanity. 

Desertion  two  years,  habitual  drunkenness  two  years,  former  existing  marriage, 
cruelty,  felony,  physical  incapacity,  attempt  on  life  of  other  party;  divorced 
party  cannot  marry  lor  one  year. 

Abandonment  two  years,  cruelty,  habitual  drunkenness,  failure  to  provide 
two  years,  felony,  physical  incapacity. 

Desertion  two  vears,  felony,  habitual  drunkenness,  cruelty,  pregnancy  of 
wife  by  other  tnan  husband  at  marriage,  unless  husband  has  Illegitimate 
clilld  or  children  living  of  which  wife  did  not  know  at  time  of  marriage.  The 
marriage  may  be  annulled  for  the  following  causes  existing  at  the  time  of 
the  marriage:  Insanity,  physical  incapacity,  former  existing  marriage, 
consanguinity. 

Abandonment  one  year,  cruelty,  fraud,  habitual  drunkenness,  gross  neglect 
of  duty,  felony,  physical  Incapacity,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband 
at  marriage,  former  existing  marriage. - 

Separation  five  years,  desertion  one  year,  iclony,  physical  incapacity,  loathsome 
disease,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  cruelty,  force,  fraud  or  duress  In 
obtaining  marriage.  Joining  religious  sect  believing  marriage  unlawful,  preg- 
nancy of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage  or  subsequent  unchaste 
behavior,  ungovernable  temper. 

Felony,  habitual  drunkenness,  excesses,  cruelty,  public  defamation  of  other 
party,  abandonment,  attempt  on  life  of  other  party,  fugitive  from  justice. 

Cruelty,  desertion  three  years,  phys.cal  incapacity,  habits  of  intoxication 
by  liquors,  opium,  or  other  drugs,  neglect  to  provide,  insanity  under  certain 
limitations. 

Abandonment  three  years,  unchastity  of  wife  before  marriage,  physical  inca- 
pacity, any  cause  which  renders  the  marriage  null  and  void  ab  initio. 

Crueltv,  desertion  three  years,  habits  of  intoxication  by  liquors,  opium  or  other 
drugs,  neglect  to  provide,  physical  incapacity,  imprisonment  for  felony, 
uniting  for  three  years  with  religious  sect  believing  marriage  unlawful. 

Felony,  desertion  two  years,  habitual  drunkenness,  physical  incapacity,  and 
in  the  discretion  of  the  Court  for  cruelty  or  neglect  to  provide. 


560 


Marriage  and  Divorce  Laws — Continued. 


States. 


Minnesota . 
Mississippi. 


Missouri 1  year. 


Residence 
Required 


1  year. 
1  year. 


Montana . 


Nebraslta . 


Nevada 

New  Hampshire 


New  Jersey .... 


New  Mexico . . . 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
Ngrth  Daliota.. 


Ohio. 


Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. . . 

Porto  Rico 

Rhode  Island. .  . 


South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota . . 


Tennessee... 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia .... 

Washington . 


1  year. 

1  year.t 

6  mouths 
1  year. 


2  years. 


1  year. 

(t) 

2  years. 
1  year. 

1  year.. 


1  year. 

1  year. 
1  year. 


1  year. 

2  years. 


1  year. 

2  years. 

1  year. 
1  year. 
1  year. 
1  year. 

1  year. 


Causes  lor  Absolute  Divorce. 


Desertion  one  year,  habitual  druuUenness  one  year,  cruelty,  physical  incapacity, 
imprisonment  for  felony. 

Felony,  desertion  two  years,  consanguinity,  physical  incapacity,  habitual 
drunkenness  by  liquor,  opium  or  other  drugs,  cruelty,  insanity  at  time  of 
marriage,  former  existing  marriage,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband 
at  marriage. 

Felony,  absence  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  cruelty,  indignities, 
vagrancy,  former  existing  marriage,  physical  incapacity,  conviction  of 
felony  prior  to  marriage  unknown  to  other  party,  wife  pregnant  by  other 
than  husband  at  marriage. 

Cruelty,  desertion,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  felony, 
innocent  party  may  not  remarry  within  two  years  and  guilty  party  within 
three  years  of  the  divorce. 

Abandonment  two  years,  habitual  drunkenness,  physical  incapacity,  felony, 
failure  to  support  two  years,  cruelty,  impriso)iment  for  more  than  3  years. 

Desertion  one  year,  felony,  habitual  drunkenness,  physical  incapacity,  cruelty, 
neglect  to  provide  one  year. 

Cruelty,  felony,  phj'sical  incapacity,  absence  three  years,  habitual  drunkenness 
three  years,  failure  to  provide  three  years,  treatment  endangering  health 
or  reason,  union  with  sect  regarding  marriage  unlawful,  wlfs  separate  without 
the  State  ten  years,  not  claiming  marital  rights,  husband  absent  from  United 
States  three  years  intending  to  become  citizen  of  another  country  without 
making  any  provision  for  wife's  support. 

Desertion  two  years,  cruelty.  No  divorce  may  be  obtained  on  grounds  arising 
in  another  State  unless  they  constituted  ground  for  divorce  in  the  State 
where  they  arose.  The  marriage  may  be  annulled  for  the  following  causes 
existing  at  the  time  of  the  marriage:  Want  of  legal  age,  former  existing 
marriage,  consanguinity,  physical  incapacity,  idiocy.  In  other  cases,  aa 
action  may  be  begun  if  the  overt  act  was  committed  here. 

Abandonment,  cruelty,  neglect  to  provide,  habitual  drunkenness,  felony, 
physical  incapacity,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage. 

Adultery  only.  The  marriage  may  be  annulled  for  such  causes  as  rendered 
the  relationship  void  at  its  inception. 

Pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage,  physical  incapacity, 
husband  and  wife  living  apart  for  ten  years  and  having  no  issue. 

Cruelty,  desertion  one  year,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year, 
felony.  The  marriage  may  be  annulled  for  the  following  causes  existing 
at  the  time  of  the  marriage:  Former  existing  marriage,  insanity,  physical 
incapacity,  force  or  fraud  inducing  the  marriage,  or  want  of  age. 

That  either  party  had  a  husband  or  wife  living  at  the  time  of  the  marriage 
from  which  the  divorce  is  sought,  wilful  absence  of  either  p.irty  from  the 
other  for  three  years,  adultery,  impotency,  extreme  cruelty,  fraudulent 
contract,  any  gross  neglect  of  duty,  habitual  drunkenness  for  three  years, 
the  Imprisonment  of  either  party  in  a  penitentiary  under  sentence  thereto. 
The  petition  for  divorce  under  this  clause  must  be  filed  during  the  imprison- 
ment of  the  adverse  party.  The  procurement  of  a  divorce  without  this 
State,  by  a  husband  or  wife,  by  virtue  of  which  the  party  who  procured 
It  is  released  from  the  obligations  of  the  marriage,  while  they  remain  binding 
upon  the  other  party. 

Abandonment  one  year,  cruelty,  fraud,  habitual  drunkenness,  felony,  gross 
neglect  of  duty,  physical  incapacity,  former  existing  marriage,  pregnancy 
of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage. 

Felony,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  pliysical  incapacity,  desertion  one 
year,  cruelty  or  personal  indignities  rendering  life  burdensome. 

Former  existing  marriage,  desertion  two  years,  personal  abuse  or  conduct 
rendering  life  burdensome,  felony,  fraud,  relationship  within  prohibited 
degrees,  physical  incapacity  and  lunacy. 

Felony,  habitual  drunkenness,  abandonment  one  year. 

Cruelty,  desertion  five  years,  habitual  drunkenness,  excessive  use  of  morphine, 
opium  or  chloral,  neglect  to  provide  one  year,  gross  misbehavior,  living 
separate  ten  years,  physical  Incapacity.  Either  party  civilly  dead  for  crime 
or  prolonged  absence.  The  marriage  may  be  annulled  for  causes  rendering 
the  relationship  originally  void  or  voidable. 

No  divorces  granted. 

Cruelty,  desertion  one  year,  neglect  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness  one  year, 
felony.  The  marriage  may  be  annulled  for  the  following  causes  existing  at 
the  time  of  the  marriage:  Want  of  age,  former  existing  marriage,  insanity, 
physical  incapacity,  force  or  fraud  inducing  marriage. 

Former  existing  marriage,  desertion  two  years,  felony,  physical  incapacity, 
attempt  on  life  of  other  party,  refusal  of  wife  to  live  with  husband  in  the 
State  and  absenting  herself  two  years,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than 
husband  at  marriage;  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court  for  cruelty,  indignities, 
abandonment  or  neglect  to  provide,  habitual  drunkenness. 

Abandonment  three  years,  physical  incapacity,  cruelty,  excess  or  outrages 
rendering  life  together  insupportable,  felony. 

Desertion  one  year,  physical  Incapacity,  habitual  drunkenness,  felony,  cruelty, 
permanent  Insanity. 

Imprisonment  three  years,  intolerable  severity,  desertion  three  years,  neglect 
to  provide,  absence  seven  years  without  being  heard  from. 

Insanity  at  marriage,  felony,  desertion  three  years,  fugitive  from  justice  two 
years,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage,  wife  a  prostitute, 
or  either  party  convicted  of  felony  before  marriage  unknown  to  other, 
physical  incapacity. 

Abandonment  one  year,  fraud,  habitual  drunkenness,  refusal  to  provide,  felony, 
physical  incapacity,  mciu-able  insanity,  cruelty  or  indignities  rendering  life 
burdensome,  other  cause  deemed  sufficient  by  the  Court. 


t  Two  years  for  causes  arising  out  of  State,    t  Actual  residence. 


Farmers'  National  Congress,  U.  S.  A. 


561 


MARRIAGE  AND   DIVORCE   I.AWS— Continued. 


States 


West  Virginia . 


Wisconsin . 


Wyoming. 


Residence 
Required 


1  year. 


2  years. 


1  year. 


Causes  for  Absolute  Divorce. 


Desertion  three  years,  felony,  physical  incapacity,  pregnancy  of  wife  by  other 
than  husband  at  marriage,  husband  a  licentious  character  or  wife  a  prostitute 
unknown  to  other  party,  either  party  convicted  of  felony  before  marriage 
unknown  to  other.  The  marriage  may  be  annulled  for  the  following  causes 
existing  at  the  time  of  the  marriage:  Former  existing  marriage,  consanguinity, 
insanity,  ph.vsical  incapacity,  miscegenation,  want  of  age. 

Felony  (imprisonment  three  years),  desertion  one  year,  cruelty,  physical  In- 
capacity, habitual  drunkenness  one  year,  separation  five  years.  In  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  Court  for  cruelty  or  neglect  to  provide.  The  marriage  may 
be  annulled  for  the  following  causes  existing  at  the  time  of  the  marriage: 
Want  of  age  or  understandin?,  consanguinity,  force  or  fraud  inducing 
marriage;  where  marriage  was  contracted  with  former  marriage  existing  the 
second  marriage  is  void  without  any  divorce  proceedings. 

Felony,  desertion  one  year,  habitual  drunkenness,  cruelty,  neglect  to  provide 
one  year,  husband  a  vagrant,  physical  incapacity,  indignities  rendering 
condition  intolerable,  pregnancy^  of  wife  by  other  than  husband  at  marriage, 
either  party  convicted  of  felony  before  marriage  unknown  to  other.  The 
marriage  may  be  annulled  for  the  following  causes  existing  at  the  time  of 
the  marriage:  Want  of  age,  force  or  fraud.  The  marriage  is  void  without 
divorce  proceedings:    Consanguinity,  insanity,  former  existing  marriage. 


AGES  AT  WHICH  MARRIAGE  IS  VALID. 

Males  (age  without  parents  consent),  21  years  in  every  State  except  Idaho,  Michigan,  New  Hampsliire, 
North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina,  where  it  is  18  years:  and  Tennessee,  where  it  is  14  years. 

Males  (age  with  parents  consent),  14  years  in  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Mississippi,  New  Hamp- 
shire and  Virginia;  16  years  in  Arkansas,  Iowa,  North  Carolina,  Texas  and  Utah;  17  years  in  Alabama, 
Georgia  and  Kansas;  18  years  in  Arizona,  California,  Hawaii,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Maine,  Massachu- 
setts, Michigan,  Minnesota,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  Porto 
Rico,  Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota,  Washington,  West  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  Wyoming.  There  is  no  defi- 
nite age  provision  in  Connecticut,  District  of  Columbia,  Missouri,  New  Jersey,  New  Mexico,  Pennsylvania, 
South  Carolina  and  Vermont;  21  years  elsewhere. 

Females  (age  without  parents  consent),  12  years  in  Tennessee;  16  years  in  Maryland,  New  Hampshire; 
21  years  in  Florida,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Pennsylvania,  Porto  Rico,  Rhode  Island,  Virginia,  West  Virginia 
and  Wyoming;  18  years  in  the  other  States. 

Females  (age  with  parent.^  consent),  12  years  in  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Mississippi,  Vir- 
ginia; 13  years  in  New  Hampshire;  14  years  in  Alabama,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  Georgia,  Iowa,  Maine,  North 
Carolina,  Rhode  Island,  South  Carolina,  Texas,  Utah;  15  years  in  California.  Hawaii,  Kansas,  Minnesota, 
North  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  South  Dakota,  Washington  and  Wisconsin;  16  years  in  Illinois,  Indiana,  Massa- 
chusetts, Michigan,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Porto  Rico,  West  Virginia  and  Wyoming; 
18  years  in  Idaho.     In  States  not  named  there  is  no  definite  provision,  or  no  law. 

The  lowest  age  at  which  a  single  female  can  make  a  valid  contract,  except  marriage,  Is  18  years  in 
Arkan.sas,  California,  Colorado,  Hawaii,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  Montana,  Nebraska, 
Ohio,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  South  Dakota,  Vermont  and  Washington;  21  years  in  the  other  States. 

The  lowest  age  at  which  a  married  female  can  make  a  valid  contract,  except  marriage.  Is  14  years  in 
Arizona,  Iowa,  Texas;  16  years  in  Nebraska,  Oregon,  Porto  Rico;  18  years  in  Alabama,  Alaska,  Arkansas, 
California,  Hawaii,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Kansas,  Minnesota,  Montana,  Ohio,  Oklahoma,  South  Dakota, 
Utah,  Vermont,  Washington;  21  years  in  the  other  States. 

NATIONAL    ACADEMY    OF    SCIE^3CES. 

There  are  172  living  members,  comprising  investigators  In  every  department  of  science.  The  geograph- 
ical distribution  of  members,  embracing  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  corresponds  closely  with  the  educa- 
tional and  scientific  facilities  of  diflerent  sections  of  the  country.  The  National  Academy  has  often  been 
called  into  the  service  of  the  Government.  Committees  appointed  in  accordance  with  acts  of  Congress 
at  the  request  of  joint  commissions  and  committees  of  Congress,  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  and 
of  the  various  Departments  of  the  National  Government,  have  reported  on  a  great  variety  of  subjects. 
From  time  to  time  trust  funds  have  been  established,  the  incomes  df  which  are  devoted  to  the  award  of 
medals  or  to  grants  for  research.  The  will  of  Alexander  Dallas  Bacbe,  first  President  of  the  Academy, 
directed  that  the  residue  of  his  estate,  after  the  death  of  his  wife,  should  be  paid  over  to  the  National  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences  for  the  "prosecution  of  researches  in  physical  and  natural  science  by  assisting  experimen- 
talists and  observers."  In  all  more  than  S120,000  has  been  disbursed  by  the  Academy  In  direct  aid  of  scien- 
tific research.  In  addition,  the  late  Mrs.  Henry  Draper  has  left  to  the  Academy  a  bequest  of  825,000,  the 
Income  of  which  is  to  be  used  for  publication  or  other  purposes. 

Officers:  President — Chas.  D.  Walcott,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C.  Vice-President 
— A.  A.  Micbelson,  Chicago  University.  Home  Secretary — Arthur  L.  Day,  Geophysical  Laboratory,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  Foreign  Secretary — George  E.  Hale,  Solar  Observatory  Office,  Pasadena,  Cal.  Treasurer — 
WTiitman  Cross,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Washington,  D.  C.  National  Jieseareh  Council,  Chairman — 
Geo.  E.  Hale,  Washington,  D.  C. 

FARMERS'    NATIONAL    CONGRESS,    U.    S.    A. 

President — John  H.  Kimble,  R.  F.  D.  2,  Port  Deposit,  Md.  Vice-Presidents — O.  G.  Smith,  Kearney, 
Neb.;  L.  B.  Strayer,  Rock  Island,  111.;  John  W.  Barger,  Waverly,  O.  Treasurer — D.  K.  Unsicker,  Wright, 
la.  Secretary — J.  H.  Patten,  204  Second  St.,  S.  E.,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  Belton,  S.  C.  Assistant 
Secretaries — Mrs.  Florence  R.  S.  Phillips,  Tallahassee,  Fla.;  J.  C.  Dennison,  Vermilion,  S.  D.;  Andrew 
Kimball,  Fletcher,  Ariz.      Legislative  Agent — J.  H.  Kimble,  Port  Deposit,  Md. 

The  Farmers'  National  Congress,  a  pioneer  national  agricultural  body,  was  organized  in  1881  to  voice 
by  resolution  the  wishes  of  the  farmers  of  the  country  on  questions  related  to  agriculture. 

The  membership  of  the  congress  is  composed  of  delegates  from  each  State  appointed  preferably  by 
the  Governors  of  the  respective  States,  but  should  a  Governor  for  any  reason  fail  or  refuse  to  make  appoint- 
ments, a  certificate  of  appointment  by  the  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture  or  State  Agricultural 
Society,  or  by  the  State  Vice-President  of  the  congress,  is  suflScient.  The  number  of  delegates  from  each 
State  is  unlimited.  .  , 

The  congress  has  devoted  thirty-eight  years  of  aggi'essive  effort  in  behalf  of  the  American  farmers,  and 
has  been  of  material  service  in  securing  much  valuable  legislation  for  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  country. 
The  congress  has  been  a  power  in  urging  and  a  strong  influence  in  securing  such  beneficial  legislation  as 
rural  free  mail  delivery,  interstate  commerce  commission,  oleomargarine  laws,  free  denatured  alcohol, 
postal  savings  banks,  river  and  harbor  improvements  and  inland  waterways  appropriations,  pure  food 
laws,  parcel  post,  etc. 


562  Labor  Laws  of  1918. 


Haiiot  Eatus  oC  1918* 


(Compiled  by  the  American  Association  fc  Labor  Legislation  and  revised  lor  The  ALMANAC  by  the  Sec- 
retary, Jolin  B.  Andrews.) 

There  was  no  addition  inJlQlS  to  the  legislation  by  the  States  prohibiting  boycotting,  blacklisting- 
plclieting  or  intimidation. 

The  States  having  laws  prohibiting  blacklisHng  in  terms  are  Alabama,  Arizona,  Arkansas,  California, 
Colorado,  Connecticut,  Florida,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansa.^,  Minnesota,  Mississippi  (applies  to  tele- 
graph operators  only),  Missouri,  Montana,  Nevada,  New  Mexico,  North  Carolina,  North  Dakota,  Okla- 
homa, Oregon,  Texas,   Utah.  Virginia,   Washington   and   Wisconsin.' 

Boycotting  and  picketing  by  peaceful  and  lawful  means  are  declared  legal  by  a  Federal  statute. 

A  number  of  States  have  laws  concerning  intimidation,  conspiracy  against  worklngmen  and  inter- 
ference with  employment,  viz.:  Alabama,  Colorado,  Connecticut.  Delaware,  Florida,  Georgia,  Idaho  (ap- 
plies to  mine  employes  only),  Illinois,  Kansas.  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maine,  Massachusetts,  Michigan. 
Minnesota,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Dakota,  Okla- 
homa, Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Porto  Rico,  Khode  Island,  South  Dakota.  Texas,  Utah,  Vermont,  Wash- 
ington, WeiSt  Virginia  and  Wisconsin. 

■01  In  the  following  Stat-es  it  is  unlawful  for  an  employer  to  exact  any  agreement,  either  written  or  verbal, 
from  an  employe  not  to  join  or  become  a  member  of  a  labor  organization  as  a  condition  of  employment: 
California,  Colorado,  Connecticut,  Idaho,  Indiana,  Louisiana,  Massachusetts,  Minnesota,  Mississippi 
(applies  to  telegraph  operators  only),  Nevada,  New  Jersey,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Porto  Bico,  South  Caro- 
lina. Utah  and  Wisconsin. 

THE  EIGHT-HOUR  DAY. 

The  eight-hour  day  in  one  form  or  another  and  more  particularly  on  public  works  has  been  establisl'.ed 
by  statute  in  Alaska,  Arizona.  Arkansas,  California,  Colorado,  Connecticut,  Delaware,  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, Hawaii,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Maryland,  Maine,  Minnesota,  Mississippi 
Missoiu-i,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  New  Jersey,  New  Mexico,  New  York.  North  Dakota,  Ohio,  Okla- 
homa, Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  Philippines,  Porto  Rico,  South  Dakota,  Tennessee,  Texas.  Utah,  Washington, 
West  Virginia,  Wisconsin  and  Wyoming. 

Massachusetts  has  excluded  certain  public  farm  workers  from  the  customary  hour  restrictions.  Vir- 
ginia extended  the  Ten-Hour  law  to  women  in  laundries  and  to  workere  in  offices  and  canneries.  Mississippi 
gave  Saturday  half-holiday  to  its  women   during  the  summer. 

United  States — A  day's  work  for  all  laborers,  workmen  and  mechanics  who  may  be  employed  by 
the  United  States,  or  by  any  contractor  or  sub-contractor  upon  any  of  the  public  works  of  the  United  States, 
including  dredging  and  rock  excavation  in  river  and  harbor  work,  is  limited  to  eight  hours.  In  case  of 
national  emergency  the  President  may  suspend  the  Eight-Hour  law  on  public  work  provided  time  and  one- 
half  be  paid  lor  overtime. 

After  January  1,  1917,  eight  hours  shall  be  deemed  a  day's  work  and  the  measure  of  a  day's  work  for 
the  purpose  of  reckoning  the  compensation  for  servic&s  of  employes  of  carriere  engaged  in  Interstate  and 
foreign  commerce  by  steam  railway. 

OTHER  1918  LEGISLATION. 

Employment — Com.pulsory  work  laws  similar  to  those  enacted  in  1917  by  Maryland  and  West  Vir- 
ginia were  passed  by  Delaware,  Georgia,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  New  York, 
Rhode  Island  and  South  Dakota.  Maryland  created  a  legislative  committee  to  confer  with  the  War  and 
Navy  Departments  for  securing  agricultural  labor,  and  Montana  asked  Congress  to  enact  laws  for  assign- 
ment of  labor.  Regulation  of  private  employment  agencies  was  in  Louisiana  and  New  Jersey  lodged  with 
the  Department  of  Labor  and  New  Jer.scy  created  a  migrant  welfare  and  employment  bureau.  New  York 
authorized  a  pubhc  employment  office  for  negroes.  The  United  States  made  provision  for  placement  oi 
vocationally  rehabilitated  persons  and  appropriated  a  revolving  fund  for  furnishing  transportation  to  war 
laborers.     South  Carolina  passed  four  statutes  dealing  with  county  road  work  or  commutation  thereof. 

New  Jersey — The  law  regulating  private  fee-charging  employment  agencies  is  rewritten  placing  thoir 
supervision  in  the  Department  of  Labor  instead  of  with  the  municipal  authorities.  The  fees  are  left  at 
S25  in  cities  of  less  than  50,000  but  are  raised  to  S50  in  cities  of  50,000,  to  S70  in  cities  of  100,000  and  to  SlOO 
in  cities  of  150,000,  and  a  bond  of  81,000  Ls  required  in  addition.  The  law  no  longer  specifies  the  fees  which 
agencies  may  charge,  but  requires  them  to  file  their  schedule  of  lees  with  the  Commissioner  of  Labor  lor 
approval.  The  age  at  which  applications  may  be  received  is  raised  from  fouiteen  to  sixteen  years.  The 
penalty  of  imprisonment  is  abrogated.     (In  effect   March  4,   1918.) 

A  migrant  welfare  and  employment  bureau  is  created  within  the  Department  of  Labor,  consisting  oi 
a  bureau  chief  at  S2,500  a  year  and  necessary  assistants  under  the  civil  service.  The  bureau  is  to  in- 
vestigate living  conditions  among  migrants,  to  instruct  them  in  sanitation  and  sanitary  living,  to  endeavor 
to  procure  proper  housing  facilities  and  to  assist  in  securing  suitable  employment.  (In  effect  March  4, 
1918.) 

Neui  York — The  sum  of  85,000  is  appropriated  to  establish  an  additional  employment  office  in  the 
locality  which  in  the  opinion  of  the  Industrial  Commission  will  best  serve  the  interests  of  the  negro  popu- 
lation.    (In  effect  July  1,  1918.) 

United  Slates — The  Vocational  Rehabilitation  Act,  in  addition  to  providing  for  suitable  courses  of 
vocational  rehabilitation  for  those  disabled  in  the  war,  appropriates  .545,000  for  the  placement  and  super- 
vision after  placement  of  vocationally  rehabilitated  persons.  The  board  is  directed  to  utilize,  with  the 
approval  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  the  facilities  of  the  Department  of  Labor  in  placing  rehabilitated  persons 
in  suitable  or  gainful  occupations.  An  additional  555,000  is  appropriated  for  studies.  Investigations  and 
reports  regarding  vocational  rehabilitation  of  disabled  persons  and  their  placement  in  suitable  or  gainful 
occupations.  (Public  178,  65th  Congress,  2d  session.  In  effect  June  27,  1918.)  An  appropriation  of 
St50,000  is  to  be  used  as  a  revolving  fund  until  June  30,  1918,  "to  enable  the  Secretary  of  Labor  to  advance 
to  wage-earners  transportation  to  such  places  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  for  the  purpose  of  securing  em- 
ployment in  connection  with  the  prosecution  of  the  war."  (Public  109,  65th  Congress,  2d  session.  In 
effect  March  28,  1918.)  This  is  made  available  for  1919.  (Pubhc  181,  65th  Congress,  2d  session.  In 
effect  July  1.  1918.) 

SAFETY  AND  HEALTH. 

Child  Labor:  Kentucky — The  Child  Labor  Act  is  amended  requiring  children,  even  if  over  sixteen 
years,  to  apply  for  employment  certificates  in  person.  The  requirements  concerning  evidence  of  age  are 
made  more  stringent.  The  penalty  for  violating  the  act  is  extended  to  apply  to  making  false  statements 
or  presenting  false  evidence  in  connection  with  employment  certificates,  but  no  employer  is  to  be  prosecuted 
who  has  relied  on  such  certificate  in  good  faith.  An  inspector  who  finds  that  the  age  given  on  a  certificate 
is  incorrect  is  to  suspend  the  certificate  and  notify  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  and  Labor,  who  wU) 
either  revoke  the  certificate  or  annul  the  suspension.     (In  effect  June  17,  1918.) 

Marylandr— The  age  at  which  children  may  be  given  vacation  employment  certificates  or  may  be  per- 
mitted to  work  in  canning  or  packing  establishments  is  raised  from  twelve  to  fourteen  years.  In  case  a 
birth  certificate  or  passport  is  unavailable,  any  satlfsactory  dociunentary  evidence  of  age  is  made  accept- 
able.    The  State  Board  of  Labor  and  Statistics  is  empowered,  upon  written  recommendation  of  a  super- 


Labor  Laws  of  WlS—GoHtinued.  563 

intendent  of  education,  to  issue  temporary  permits  to  ctilldren  over  lourteen  who  are  mentally  imable  to 
make  progress  in  sctiool.     (In  effect  June   1,    1918.) 

New  Jersey — The  act  regulating  age,  employment,  safety,  health  and  work  hours  of  children  in  mer- 
cantile establishments  is  amended  to  cover  "any  employment  other  than  in  factories,  workshops,  mills, 
places  where  the  manufacture  of  goods  of  any  kind  is  carried  on,  mines,  quarries  or  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits." Children  under  fourteen  are  no  longer  permitted  to  work  in  mercantile  establishments  outside 
ofschool  hours.  Children  under  si.xteen  may  not  work  in  such  establishments  without  an  age  and  school- 
ing certificate,  nor  for  more  than  eight  hours  in  any  one  day.  Weekly  hours  are  reduced  from  fifty-eight 
to  forty-eight.  The  provision  permitting  evening  work  one  day  a  week  and  at  Christmas  time  is  abolished 
and  a  prohibition  of  Sunday  work  for  children  under  sixteen  inserted  in  its  stead.  No  child  under  sixteen 
may  be  employed  in  a  mercantile  establishment  in  any  employment  that  is  dangerous  or  detrimental  to 
health,  or  in  handling  or  working  around  substances  which  are  poisonous  or  give  off  dust,  fumes  or  gases, 
or  on  a  scaffolding  or  around  any  construction  work.  Persons  employing  minors  under  sixteen  are  no  longer 
required  to  keep  birth  records  on  file,  but  must  keep  on  file  age  and  schooling  certificates.  The  owner  of 
any  business  habitually  violating  the  act  is  defined  as  "keeping  a  disorderly  house."  Maximum  penalty, 
81,000  or  three  years'  imprisonment,  or  both,  for  each  offense.  (In  effect  July  4,  1918.)  No  fee  may  be 
charged  for  searching  and  transcribing  birth  records  to  be  used  by  children  for  the  purnose  of  obtaining 
employment.     (In  effect  March  4.  1918,) 

New  York — It  is  made  unlawful  to  pennit  a  female  under  twenty-one  to  work  in  telegraph  and  messen- 
ger employments.  Women  over  twenty-one  may  not  be  permitted  to  work  as  messengers  mare  than  six 
days  or  fifty-four  hours  a  week,  or  between  10  P.  M.  and  7  A.  M.  Sections  of  the  Labor  law  concerning 
time  for  meals,  posting  of  notices  and  washing  and  toilet  facilities  are  made  applicable  to  this  group  of 
women  also.  (In  effect  May  2,  1918.)  The  age  at  which  one  may  apply  for  license  as  master,  pilot  or 
engineer  is  reduced  from  twenty-one  to  eighteen  years  for  steam  vessels  of  100  tons'  burden  or  under,  (la 
effect  April  12,  1918.)  It  Is  permissible  to  employ  children  between  fourteen  and  sixteen  during  July  and 
August  in  connection  with  any  mercantile  establishment  or  business  ofHce  in  cities  or  villages  on  their  ob- 
taining a  "summer  vacation  permit."  To  obtain  such  a  permit  a  child  must  comply  with  all  the  require- 
ments for  an  employment  certificate,  except  filing  a  school  record,  and  must  have  attended  school  for  not 
less  than  130  days  during  the  twelve  months  prior  to  his  fourteenth  birthday  or  to  his  application,  and  the 
employer  must  state  the  character  of" work  to  be  required.  The  permit  must  be  returned  within  three  days 
if  the  child  does  not  obtain  employment,  within  three  days  after  termination  of  employment,  or  within 
three  days  after  August  31  at  the  latest.  Failure  to  return  the  permit,  or  employing  a  child  on  such  per- 
mit except  during  July  and  August,  is  a  misdemeanor.  Returned  permits  must  be  preserved  for  a  year 
and,  if  a  child  is  still  physically  fit,  may  be  renewed  the  following  year.     (In  effect  May  11,  1918.) 

Virginia — The  age  for  employment  in  mines  and  quarries  is  raised  from  fourteen  to  sixteen  years.  The 
prohibition  against  employing  children  under  fourteen  during  school  hours  or  after  seven  in  the  evening 
in  the  distribution,  transmission  or  sale  of  merchandise  is  removed.  On  the  other  hand,  canneries,  theatres 
and  places  of  amusement  are  added  to  the  list  of  employments  prohibited  for  children  under  fourteen.  The 
houre  during  which  children  under  sixteen  must  not  be  employed  are  changed  from  between  9  P.  M .  and  7 
A.  M.  to  between  7  P.  M.  and  6  A.  M.  The  requirements  for  proof  of  age  are  made  more  strict.  The  age 
at  which  girls  may  be  employed  as  messengers  is  raised  from  fourteen  to  eighteen,  and  the  age  at  which 
they  may  be  employed  between  10  P.  M.  and  5  A.  M.  is  raised  from  eighteen  to  twenty-one.  Violation 
is  made  a  misdemeanor  and  the  fine  made  collectible  "for  each  offense."  Pacldng  of  fruits  and  vegetables 
between  July  and  November  Is  no  longer  exempted,  nor  may  children  between  twelve  and  fourteen  be  ex- 
empted by  the  courts.     (In  effect  July  1,  1918.) 

Wisconsin — The  age  at  which  boys  may  be  permftted  to  engage  In  street  trades  is  raised  from  sixteen 
to  seventeen  years,  except  in  those  localities  where  compulsory  schooling  ends  at  sbcteen  years.  (In  effect 
March  8,  1918.)  The  section  of  the  Child  Labor  law  which  requires  minors  with  working  permits  to  attend 
evening  school  is  repealed,  but  attendance  at  evening  or  vocational  school  for  four  hours  a  week  is  made 
a  condition  of  employment  for  '"'illiterate"  minors  over  seventeen.     (In  effect  March  2,   1918.) 

Messenger  work  was  prohibited  for  women  under  twenty-one  in  New  York,  and  the"  minimum  age 
for  masters'  licenses  on  small  steamers  was  reduced  from  twenty-one  to  eighteen.  Rhode  Island  and  Vir- 
ginia prohibited  common  drinking  cups,  and  the  former  prohibited  use  of  the  suction  shuttle;  Porto  Rico 
postponed  the  time  of  going  into  effect  of  the  act  regulating  weights  which  may  be  carried.  Amendments 
were  made  in  the  stmctural  requirements  for  factories  In  New  York  State  and  in  the  city  of  Cranston  (Rhode 
Island),  and  Virginia  required  exhaust  hoods  on  grinding  or  buffing  wheels.  New  York  caUed  for  vesti- 
buled  cabs  on  locomotives,  and  the  United  States  required  certificated  lifeboat  men  on  vessels  under  the 
Seamen's  act.  Massachusetts  empowered  the  Board  of  Labor  and  Industries  to  require  facilities  for  warm- 
ing food  iu  large  establishments.  New  Jersey  provided  for  zoning  of  factories  and  Louisiana  required  seats 
for  female  elevator  operators.     Texas  enacted  sanitary  regulations  for  women  in  certain  industries. 

Factory  Laws:  New  Jcrsey-The  law  requiring  establishments  manufacturing  bakery  products,  candy. 
Ice  cream  and  other  foodstuffs  to  be  licensed  by  the  Department  of  Labor  is  amended  to  make  licenses  ex- 
pire one  year  from  date  of  issuance  unless  renewed.     (In  effect  February  6,  1918.) 

New  York — The  definition  of  "floor  area"  for  factories  conducted  in  buildings  more  than  one  story 
In  height  is  given  wider  application  by  removing  the  clause  "as  used  in  this  section."  As  special  provisions 
for  exits  from  floor  areas  in  excess  of  5,000  feet  are  no  longer  permitted,  they  now  become  subject  to  the 
same  rules  as  smaller  areas.  No  permits  for  increased  occupancy  may  be  granted  after  July  1,  1918.  'The 
commission  may  permit  stairways  and  landings  inside  exterior  enclosed  fireproof  stairways  less  than  100 
feet  high  to  be  made  of  combustible  material.  Stairways  with  "winders"  are  no  longer  permitted  as  a 
required  means  of  exit.  In  buildings  with  fireproof  roof  slabs  the  fireproof  stairway  enclosure  need  not 
extend  above  the  roof.  Stairwav  enclosures  must  be  ventilated  by  windows  in  the  exterior  walls  or  by  sky- 
lights. Exterior  windows  within  twenty-five  feet  of  a  non-fireproof  structure  must  be  flreproofed  and  sky- 
lights must  be  made  of  wire  glass  or  protected  by  wire.  Stairways  serving  as  required  texits  need  be  ex- 
tended to  the  roof  only  when  safe  egress  may  be  had  therefrom  or  in  buildings  of  more  than  five  stories. 
Officers  Issuing  permits  for  the  construction  or  alteration  of  factory,  storage  or  mercantile  buildings  must 
immediately  forward  notice  of  their  issuance  and  other  required  information  to  the  Department  of  Labor. 
When  the  spirit  of  the  Labor  law  is  observed,  public  safety  secured  and  the  occupancy  not  in  exceM  of  re- 
quired stipulation,  the  Commission  may  permit  in  lieu  of  a  fire-alarm  system  and  fine  drills  an  autoniatic 
sprinkler  system  having  an  approved  adequate  source  of  water  supply.  The  Fire  Commissioner  in  New 
York  City,  and  elsewhere  the  Industrial  Commission,  may  issue  permits  permitting  smoking  to  protected 
portions  of  a  factory  or  in  special  classes  of  occupancy.  Factory  rooms  and  all  other  parts  of  the  ouliaing 
and  premises  must  be  kept  "in  proper  repair."  "Ceilings  and  walls"  are  for  the  first  time  requu-ed  to  be 
kept  clean,  sanitary,  safe  and  in  proper  repair.     (In  effect  May  11,  1918.) 

Transportation:  New  York — The  Railroad  law'is  amended  making  it  unlawful  to  use  any  locomo- 
tive engine  not  equipped  with  a  vestibuled  cab.  (In  effect  January  1,  1919.)  ^  »  ,  „,  ,j„  ,„  *»,„  ,- 
United  States — The  act  regulating  officering  and  manning  of  vessels  is  amended  to  Include  in  the  re- 
quirements certificated  lifeboat  men.  A  schedule  of  the  minimum  number  of  deck  officers  with  which  a 
vessel  may  navigate  is  also  enacted.  It  is  made  unlawful  to  permit  an  officer  to  talte  charge  of  the  deck 
watch  Immediately  after  leaving  port,  unless  such  officer  has  had  at  least  six  hours  off  duty  J^'thm  the  pre- 
ceding twelve  hours.     In  any  twenty-four  hours  no  licensed  officer  may  be  required  to  do  duty  more  than 


564  National  Committee  for  Mental  Hygiene. 

;  "  LABOR  LAWS  OF  WIS— Continued.  ; 

nine  hours  In  port  or  more  than  twelve  nours  at  sea,  except  in  an  emergency.    Penalty,  9100.     (Public 
147,  65th  Congress,  2d  session.     In  effect  May   11,   1918.) 

y  Building  Zones:  New  Jersey — In  cities  of  the  first  and  second  class  the  Common  Council  or  govern- 
ing commission  may  regulate  the  height  and  bulk  of  buildings  erected  In  the  future  and  the  area  of  yards, 
courts  and  other  open  spaces.  They  may  also  district  the  city  as  to  location  of  trades,  industries  and  other 
buildings  designed  for  specified  uses,  and  Impose  regulations,  which  shall  be  uniform  for  each  district,  de- 
signed to  promote  the  public  health,  safety  and  general  welfare.  Where  any  ordinance  or  regulation  under 
tlUs  act  differs  from  existing  ordinances  or  from  the  building  code  or  Tenement  House  law  as  to  height  of 
buildings,  percentage  of  lot  which  may  be  occupied,  and  width,  depth  and  size  of  courts  or  yards,  the  ordi- 
nance or  regulation  most' strict  in  its  requirements  shall  govern.     (In  effect  February  27,  1918.) 

Workmen's  Compensation — The  establishment  of  a  division  for  rehabilitating  industrial  cripples 
under  the  Massachusetts  Industrial  Accident  Board  signifies  a  new  departure  in  the  constructive  phase 
of  social  insurance.  The  addition  of  Virginia  in  1918  made  thirty-eight  States,  in  addition  to  Alaslta,  Hawaii 
and  Porto  Rico,  which  have  compensation  acts,  besides  the  Federal  Government's  law  for  Its  own  million 
civilian  employees  and  the  War  Risk  Insurance  act.  (See  "Workmen's  Compensation  Laws"  in  index.) 
Social  Insurance:  Massachusetts — The  trustees  of  the  General  Insurance  Guaranty  Fund  may  ex- 
pend S5,000  to  promote  old  age  annuUies  and  the  organization  of  mutual  benefit  associations  among  em- 
ployees In  industrial  plants  in  order  to  afford  them  an  opportunity  to  insure  against  sickness  and  disability. 
The  trustees  are  given  authority  as  agents  or  solicitors  for  this  purpose.  (In  effect.  May  29,  1918.)  A 
pension  of  S6  a  week  is  provided  for  scrub  women  who  have  been  employed  by  Suffolk  County  fifteen  years, 
and  have  become  incapacitated  or  are  sixty  years  old.     (In  effect  May  15,  1918.) 

New  Jersey — Counties  may  retire  on  half  wages  any  employee  seventy-nine  years  of  age  who  has  been 
continuously  employed  for  twenty-five  years.     (In  effect  March  1,  1918.) 

New  York — A  commission  of  seven,  including  the  Superintendent  of  Insurance,  is  created  to  inquire 
into  retirement  pensions,  allowances  and  annuities  for  State  and  municipal  officers  and  employees.  (In 
effect  May  1,  1918.)  The  Common  Council  of  Jamestown  is  authorized  to  establish  a  pension  fund  for 
all  city  ofBcers  and  employees  except  policemen.  Beneficiaries  must  be  sixty  years  of  age,  and  in  the  city's 
employ  for  thirty  years  in  the  aggregate  and  for  ten  years  immediately  preceding  receipt  of  pension.  For 
employees  who  have  served  eight  years  without  compensation,  the  necessary  aggregate  need  be  only  twenty 
years.  Pensions  are  not  to  exceed  one-half  regular  pay,  and  may  be  terminated  upon  hearing  after  ten 
days'  notice  to  the  beneficiary.     (In  effect  May  7,   1918.) 

Wages:  Kentucky — Persons  performing  labor  in  the  repair  of  motor  vehicles  are  given  a  lien  on  the 
vehicles  for  the  work  done  and  materials  furnished.     (In  effect  June  17,   1918.) 

Louisiana — The  requirement  of  bonds  to  protect  persons  performing  labor  or  furnishing  materials  for 
construction  or  repair  of  pubUc  buildings  is  regulated.     (In  effect  August  23,   1918.) 

Maryland — Bonds  for  the  faithful  performance  of  contracts  with  the  State  or  any  of  its  agencies  must 
include  an  obligation  to  pay  debts  for  labor  and  materials,  but  liability  to  the  State  or  its  agencies  under 
such  bonds  shall  be  given  preference  over  liability  for  labor  and  materials.  Suit  on  such  bonds  must  be 
instituted  within  one  year  from  completion  of  the  contract.     (In  effect  June  1,  1918.) 

Massachusetts — The  Lien  law  is  extended  to  persons  furnishing  or  performing  labor  under  written 
contract  subsequent  to  the  date  of  the  original  contract.     (In  effect  June  30,  1918.) 

Mississippi — Contractors  doing  work  for  the  State  or  any  of  its  subdivisions  must  give  bond  for  prompt 
payment  for  labor  and  material.  Suit  may  be  brought  at  any  time  within  one  year  after  completion  or 
abandonment  of  the  contract.  (In  effect  March  28.  1918.)  Procedure  for  recovery  of  unpaid  wages  of 
labor  from  contractors  is  modified.     (In  effect  March  28,   1918.) 

New  Jersey — A  bond,  in  addition  to  the  usual  bond,  in  an  amount  at  least  equal  to  the  contract  price, 
shall  be  required  of  contractors  and  subcontractors  for  the  payment  for  all  labor  performed  and  materials 
furnished  In  constructing  public  buildings,  works  or  improvements.  Any  one  to  whom  money  is  due  for 
labor  or  material  shall  file  a  statement  of  the  amount  due  within  eighty  days  after  acceptance  of  the  work 
contracted  for,  and  if  it  is  not  paid  within  sixty  days  thereafter  suit  may  be  brought  at  any  time  within  a 
year  after  the  date  of  acceptance.  (In  eflect  February  16,  1918.)  The  Municipal  Mechanics'  Lien  law 
is  re-enacted  with  revisions.     (In  effect  March  5,   1918.) 

Surplus  products  of  institutional  labor  may  be  sold  in  the  open  market  under  such  terms  and  condi- 
tions that  they  shall  not  compete  unfairly  with  the  product  of  free  labor.     Convict  labor  shall  not  be  useS 
on  public  improvements  in  conjunction  with  free  labor  or  to  take  the  place  of  free  labor  locked  out  or  on "" 
strike.     (In  effect  July  4,  1918.) 

If  a  court  sets  aside  the  dismissal  of  a  municipal  officer  or  employee  as  Illegal,  such  officer  or  employee 
shall  be  entitled  to  recover  his  salary  for  the  period  of  illegal  dismissal.     (In  effect  February  27,  1918.) 

South  Carolina — Failure  to  perform  a  labor  contract  is  no  longer  prima  facie  evidence  that  such  con- 
tract was  violated  fraudulently  with  malicious  intent  to  injure  the  other  party.      (In  effect  March  26,  1918.) 
Virginia- — The  law  making  it  larceny  to  enter  into  a  contract  of  employment  with  the  intent  to  de- 
fraud is  amended  to  include  oral  contracts,  and  also  provides  that  prosecutions  must  bo  commenced  withia 
sixty   days  after  a  breach  of  contract.     (In  effect  June  21,   1918.) 

Syndicalism — Acts  against  sabotage  and  ■  syndicalism  were  passed  or  amended  in  Arizona,  Mon- 
tana, Nebraska,  North  Dakota,  and  South  Dakota,  and  Montana  urged  Congressional  action  in  addition. 
In  Massachusetts  the  Board  of  Conciliation  and  Arbitration  must  give  notice  of  hearings.  "The  Foundation 
for  the  Promotion  of  Industrial  Peace  was  directed  to  return  certain  funds  it  could  not  use. 

Minimum  Wage — Minimum  rates  of  pay  for  various  public  employees  were  established  or  increased 
by  Maryland  (road  laborers),  Massachusetts  (laborers  in  Worcester),  New  York  (lower  paid  civilian  em- 
ployees of  the  State),  and  the  United  States  (postal  clerks,  printers.  Treasury  Department  mechanics. 
Botanical  Garden  laborers,  and  general  civilian  employees  of  the  Government  and  of  the  District  of  Col- 
umbia).    Louisiana  established  a  commission  to  investigate  minimum  wages  for  women  and  children. 

New  York — During  the  war  the  salaries  of  civilian  full-time  employees  of  the  State  are  to  be  increased 
10  per  cent.,  providing  it  does  not  make  their  total  compensation  more  than  31,500.  Special  provisions 
are  made  for  piece-work,  hour,  and   per  diem  employees.     (In  effect  July  1,   1918.) 

NATIONAL    COMMITTEE    FOR    MENTAL    HYGIENE. 

Organized  1909.  Incorporated  1916.  Chief  purposes — To  work  for  the  conservation  of  mental  healtb 
and  for  Improvement  in  the  treatment  of  those  suffering  from  nervous  or  mental  diseases  and  mental  de- 
ficiency and  for  the  prevention  of  any  of  these  disorders;  to  conduct  or  to  supervise  surveys  of  the  care  of 
those  suffering  from  mental  diseases  or  mental  deficiency;  to  co-operate  with  other  agencies  which  deal 
with  any  phases  of  these  problems;  to  enlist  the  aid  of  the  Federal  Government  and  to  help  organize  and 
aid  affiliated  State  and  local  societies  or  committees  for  mental  hygiene. 

President — Dr.  Lewellys  F.  Barker,  Baltimore,  Md.  Vice-Presidents — Dr.  Charles  W.  Eliot,  Com- 
bridge,  Mass.,  Dr.  Walter  B.  James,  New  York  and  Dr.  William  H.  Welch,  Baltimore,  Md.  Treasurer- 
Otto  T.  Bannard,  New  York.  Chairynan  Executive  Committee — Dr.  William  L.  Russell,  White  Plains, 
N.  Y.  Chairman  Finance  Committee — Dr.  Walter  B.  James,  New  York.  Chainnan  War  M^ork  Committee— 
Dr.iJCharles  L.  Dana,  New  York.  Chairman  Committee  on  Mental  Deficiency — Dr.  Walter  E.  Fernald, 
Waverley,  Mass.  Executive  Officers:  Medical  Director — Dr.  Thomas  W.  Salmon.  Associate  Medlcat 
Director — Dr.  Frankwood  E.  Williams.  Secretary — Clifford  W.  Beers,  50  Union  Square,  New  York.  Gen- 
eral ofilces,  50  Union  Square,  New  York  City. 


Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States.  565 

WORKMEN'S    COMPENSATION    LAWS    OF    STATES    AND    TERRITORIES. 

Note — Injuries  covered  as  a  rule  are  personal  injuries  arising  out  of  and  in  course  of  employment  not 
due  to  wilful  intention  to  injure  self  or  another,  or  to  Intoxication.  Maine  adds  unless  habit  of 
intoxication  was  known  to  the  employer.  Colorado,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania 
Washington,  Wisconsin,  and  Wyoming  do  not  specify  intoxication  as  an  exception.  Illinois,  Montana 
and  Ohio  make  no  exception,  neither  wilful  injury  nor  intoxication.  Delaware,  Indiana,  Kansas,  Louisiana 
South  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  Virginia,  and  Vermont  make  an  exception  also  of  employee's  failure  to  use 
reasonable  safety  appliances.  Delaware.  Hawaii,  Idaho,  and  New  Yor;-  include  diseases  contracted  as 
insured  against.  Kentucky  excepts  results  of  pre-existing  diseases.  Arizona  covers  injuries  caused  by 
failure  of  employer  or  his  agents  to  exercise  due  care  or  to  comply  witli  any  law  affecting  the  employment 
Utah  includes  injuries  occurring  outside  of  the  State,  and  injuries  caused  by  the  wilful  act  of  a  third  person 
directed  against  an  employee  because  of  his  employment.     Oklahoma  does  not  cover  fatal  injuries. 

ALASKA,      1915. 

Administrative  System — The  courts.  Security  for  Compensation — Attachment  pending  action, 
or  employer  may  deposit  cash  or  bond  with  court.  Employments  Covered^ — Elective,  as  to  mining 
operations  having  five  or  more  employees.  Waiting  Period — Two  weeks.  Medical  and  Surgical 
Provisions — Only  in  fatal  cases  involving  no  dependents,  maximum,  Si50.  Compensation  for  Dis- 
ability; Total,  (a)  Temporary:  (b)  Permanent — Ca)  50%  of  wages  during  disability,  maximum,  6 
months,  (b)  53,600;  Sl,200  additional  for  wife,  and  S600  for  each  child  under  IG;  if  single,  8600  for  each 
dependent  parent,  maximum,  56,000.  Partial,  (a)  Temporary — (a)  50%  of  wages:  maximum  period, 
6  months;  maximum  amount,  54,800.  If  permanent,  lump  suras  proportioned  to  number  of  dependents, 
ranging  from  S120  to  53,000,  less  payments  for  temporary  disability.  Death  Benefits;  (a)  Dependents, 
(b)  No  Dependents — (a)  S3, 000  to  widow  or  minor  orphan;  S600  to  each  child  under  16  and  to  dependent 
parents,  maximum,  56,000;  if  single,  51,200  to  each  dependent  parent,  (b)  S150  for  burial;  S150  lor  other 
expenses  between  death  and  burial. 

ARIZONA,     1912. 

Adm.  Sys. — Agreement;  arbift'ation;  reference  to  Attorney-General;  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — 
A  judgment  is  collectible  without  relief  from  valuation  or  appraisement  laws,  and  has  same  preference  a9 
unpaid  wages  or  claim  for  personal  services.  Employ. — All  especially  dangerous  employments.  Elective 
as  to  other  industries.  "Especially  dangerous"  as  specified  in  law  include  building  and  running  of  rail- 
roads, mining,  using,  making,  or  working  near  explosives;  places  where  power  machinery  is  used;  working 
on  derricks  and  scaffolds,  etc.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — In  fatal  cases  where  there  are 
no  dependents  the  reasonable  expenses  of  medical  attendance  and  burial.  Comp.  for  Dis.;  Total — 
A  semi-monthly  payment  equal  to  one-half  the  wage  decrease.  Fifty  per  cent,  of  semi-monthly  earnings 
during  time  unable  to  work  at  any  gainful  occupation.  The  total  for  partial  or  total  disability  caused  by 
a  single  injury  not  to  exceed  S4,000.  Death  Ben.;  (a)  Dcpen. —  (a)  To  persons  wholly  dependent,  a 
lump  sum  equal  to  2,400  times  one-half  the  daily  wages  or  earnings  of  the  deceased;  not  to  exceed  54,000. 
payments  to  children  to  cease  at  18  years  of  age.  See  under  column  for  medical  and  surgical  provisions 
for  death  cases  where  there  are  no  dependents. 

CALIFORNIA,     1918. 

Adm.  Sys.^ — State  Industrial  Accident  Commission.  Subject  to  limited  review  by  the  courts.  Sec. 
for  Comp.— Insurance  is  required.  Policies  inure  directly  to  benefit  of  employee,  who  also  has  first 
lien  on  amounts  due  employer.  Self-insurers  may  be  required  to  give  bond  or  deposit  securities.  Claims 
or  awards  have  same  preference  as  those  for  wages.  Employ. — All  excepting  agriculture  and  domestic 
service,  which  may  come  under  the  act  by  joint  election.  Wait.— Ten  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Such 
medical,  surgical,  and  hospital  treatment  as  may  reasonably  be  required  to  cure  and  relieve.  In  case  of 
death,  the  reasonable  expense  of  burial,  not  exceeding  SIOO.  Compen.  for  Dis.;  Total,  (a)  Temp.: 
(b)  Perm.— (a)  65%  of  average  weekly  earnings  during 'such  disability,  (b)  When  the  degree  of  dis- 
ability reaches  or  exceeds  70%,  after  the  expiration  of  240  weeks,  a  further  benefit  varying  from  10  to  40% 
of  the  weekly  earnings  is  payable  during  the  remainder  of  life.  Part.,  (a)  Temp.:  (b)  Perm. — (a)  65% 
of  weekly  loss  of  wages  during  such  disability,  (b)  55%  of  average  weekly  earnings  for  periods  varying 
from  4  to  240  weeks,  according  to  the  degree  of  the  disability.  In  case  of  permanent  incapacity  or  death 
a  lump  sura  may  be  substituted  for  benefits,  to  equal  the  present  value  of  the  benefits  computed  at  6%. 
Average  weekly  earnings  shall  be  considered  as  not  less  than  86.41,  nor  more  than  S32.05.  Death  Ben.; 
To  persons  wholly  dependent,  three  times  the  annual  earnings  of  the  deceased;  not  less  than  51,000,  nor 
more  than  S5,000,  payable  at  least  monthly  in  instalments  equal  to  65%  of  the  wages.  Payments  to  children 
to  cease  at  18  years  of  age  unless  mentally  or  physically  incapacitated.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive, 
three  times  the  annual  contribution  of  the  deceased  to  their  stipport,  subject  to  same  limitations  as  above. 
Disability  payments  and  burial  expenses  to  be  considered  as  parts  of  above  totals. 

COLORADO,      1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Commission,  with  limited  appeal  to  the  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance 
is  required.  Insurers  are  primarily  liable  to  a  workman  or  his  beneficiaries.  Notice  to  employer  is  notice 
to  insurer.  Claims  are  not  assignable,  and  payments  are  exempt  from  attachment  or  execution.  Employ. — 
All  except  interstate  commerce  and  domestic  and  agricultural  labor  in  which  four  or  more  are  employed 
in  which  employers  elect  to  come  under  the  act,  but  lose  no  defences  if  they  do  not.  Public  service  under 
State,  municipalities,  school  or  irrigation  district,  etc.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical 
and  surgical  assistance  for  first  30  days  not  more  than  SIOO  in  value.  In  death  cases  where  there  are  no 
dependents,  S75  for  funeral  expenses.  Compen.  for  Dis.;  Total— Fifty  per  cent,  of  weekly  wages  during 
continuance,  55  minimum,  S8  maximum;  full  wages  if  less  than  55.  Part. — Fifty  per  cent,  of  the  weekly 
wage  decrease,  58  maximum.  Total  not  to  exceed  .52,080.  Special  schedule  for  specified  injuries,  50% 
of  weekly  wages  for  periods  ranging  from  4  to  208  weeks.  Facial  disfigurements  may  be  compensated  for 
in  an  amount  not  exceeding  S500.  Payments  may  be  commuted  to  a  lump  sum  after  6  months.  Death 
Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent  50%,  of  the  weekly  wages  for  6  years,  58  maximum;  total  not  to  exceed 
S2,500,  nor  to  be  less  than  81,000.  If  death  occurs  during  receipt  of  disability  benefits  any  unaccrued  and 
unpaid  remainder  goes  to  dependents;  if  only  partial,  dependents. 

CONNECTICUT,     1914. 

Adm.  Sys. — Compensation  Commissioners.  Appeals  from  findings  and  awards  to  the  Superior  Court 
of  the  county.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employer  must  furnish  proof  of  solvency  and  financial  disability,  file 
security,  or  insure  in  approved  stock  or  mutual  companies  or  associations.  Payments  are  not  assignable, 
arc  exempt  from  execution,  and  have  same  preference  as  wage  debts.  Employ. — All  industries  in  which 
five  or  more  persons  are  employed,  in  absence  of  contrary  election  by  employer.  Wait.^Seven  days. 
Med.  and  Surg. — Medical  and  surgical  aid  and  hospital  service  during  such  time  as  needed.  SIOO  for  burial 
expenses.  Compen.  for  Dis.:  Total — For  total  disability  a  weekly  compensation  equal  to  one-half  the 
employee's  earnings,  not  more  than  514  nor  less  than  S5  weekly,  or  for  longer  than  520  weeks.  Part.:  (a) 
Temp.;  (b)  Perm. —  (a)  A  weekly  compensation  equal  to  one-half  the  wage  loss,  but  not  more  than  514 
per  week  or  for  longer  than  312  weeks,  (b)  For  specified  injuries  one-half  the  average  weekly  earnings  for 
fixed  periods  in  lieu  of  all  other  payments.    Lump  sum  payments  may  be  approved  by  the  commissioner, 


366         Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States —Continued. 

prorided  they  equal  the  value  of  the  compensations.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  a  weekly 
compensation  equal  to  one-halt  the  earnings  of  the  deceased  employee.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive, 
a  weelily  compensation  determined  according  to  the  measure  of  dependence,  not  exceeding  one-half  the  earn- 
ings of  the  deceased  employee.  Compensation  shall  in  no  case  be  more  than  S14,  nor  less  than  $5  weelily,  and 
sliall  not  continue  longer  than  312  weeks.  A  widow's  or  widower's  dependence  ceases  upon  remarriage, 
and  a  cliild's  upon  reaching  18  years  of  age,  unless  physically  or  mentally  incapacitated.  If  a  widow  or 
dependent  widower  dies  during  the  term  of  t)eneflt  payments,  subsequent  payments  go  to  other  dependents, 
if  any. 

DELAWARE.     1918. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Accident  Commission  of  three,  whose  award  is  final,  unless  appeal  is  taken  to 
the  Supreme  Court  of  the  county  within  10  days.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance  in  a  stock  or  mutual  com- 
pany, or  deposit  of  security,  indemnity  or  bond.  Employ. — All  except  domestic  ser\'ants,  farm  and 
casual  laborers,  outworkers.  State  officers,  and  servants  and  employees  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce. 
Wait. — Fourteen  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical  care  up  to  S25  during  waiting  period;  SlOO  for  burial. 
Compen.  for  Dis.;  Total — Fifty  per  cent,  of  wages  for  270  weeks,  and  thereafter  20%.  Death  Ben. — 
For  a  dependent  widow  or  widower,  25%  of  wages,  with  additional  percentages  up  to  60%,  in  proportion 
to  the  number  of  dependents  and  children  under  16. 

HAWAII,  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Accident  Boards  for  each  coimty;  appeals  to  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Pay- 
ments are  preferred  the  sn.me  as  wage  claims.  Employees  have  direct  recourse  to  insuring  company. 
Insolvency  of  employer  does  not  release  insurer.  Employ. — Ail  public  and  all  industrial  employment 
lor  pecuniary  gain.  Wait. — Seven  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Reasonable  surgical,  medical  and  hospital 
services  during  disability,  not  exceeding  S150;  SlOO  funeral  expenses  if  death  within  6  months.  Compen. 
for  Dis.;  Total — Sixty  per  cent,  of  weekly  wages,  S3  minimum,  S18  maximum,  for  not  longer  than  312 
weeks;  total  not  to  exceed  S5,U00.  If  wages  are  less  than  S3,  full  wages  will  be  paid  unless  disability  is 
permanent,  when  S3  will  be  paid.  Partial — Fifty  per  cent,  of  wage  decrease,  812  maximum,  not  over 
312  weeks;  total  not  to  exceed  S5,000.  Fixed  awards  for  specified  Injuries  in  lieu  of  all  other  benefits. 
Payments  may  be  commuted  to  one  or  more  lump  sums  in  any  case.  Death  Ben. — To  widow  or  dependent 
widower  alone,  40%  of  average  weekly  wages;  if  one  or  two  dependent  children,  50%;  if  three  or  more, 
60%;  30%  to  one  or  two  orphans;  10%  additional  for  each  child  in  excess  of  two;  total  not  to  exceed  50%. 
If  no  consort  or  child,  but  other  dependents,  25%  to  40%.  Payments  to  widow  to  cease  on  death  or  remar- 
riage, and  to  widower  on  termination  of  disability  or  remarriage;  to  children  reaching  16,  unless  Incapable 
of  self-support,  then  to  18;  to  other  beneficiaries  on  termination  of  disability.  No  payments  except  to 
children  for  more  than  312  weeks.     Wages  not  less  than  S5  nor  over  S36. 

IDAHO,      1918. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Accident  Board  of  three.  Awards  final,  unless  appeal  is  taken  to  the  District 
Court  wittiin  30  days.  Soc.  for  Comp.— Private  employers  must  either  insure  in  the  State  Insurance 
Fund  or  deposit  security  in  form  of  a  surety  fund  or  guaranty  contract.  Employ. — All  public  and  private 
carried  on  for  pecuniary  gain.  Employees  injured  outside  the  State  are  covered,  as  well  as  those  hired 
outside  the  State  if  they  would  be  entitled  under  law  of  State  where  hired.  Agricultural,  domestic  and 
casual  employees,  outworkers,  employees  of  charitable  organizations  and  members  of  employer's  family, 
although  excluded,  may  be  included  by  agreement.  Wait. — Seven  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical 
care  for  a  reasonable  time,  charges  being  limited  to  those  which  prevail  in  community  for  similar  treatment 
of  persons  of  a  Uke  standard  of  living.  In  death  case,  SlOO  for  burial,  and  if  there  are  no  dependents  em- 
ployer must  pay  SI, 000  to  Industrial  Administration  Fund.  Compen.  for  Dis.:  Total— Fifty-five  per 
cent,  of  average  weekly  wages  for  400  weeks,  and  S6  per  week  thereafter.  Death  Ben. — To  dependent 
widow  or  widower,  45%  of  average  weekly  wages,  with  additional  percentages  up  to  55%,  In  proportion 
to  the  number  of  dependents  and  children  under  18.  ^ 

ILLINOIS,      1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Disputes  determined  by  the  Industrial  Board  through  an  arbitrator  or  arbitration  com- 
mittee, subject  to  review  by  the  board.  Questions  of  law  may  be  reviewed  by  the  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — 
Awards  constitute  liens  on  all  property  of  employer  within  the  county  paramount  to  all  other  claims,  except 
wages,  taxes,  mortgages  or  trust  deeds.  Injured  employees  are  subrogated  to  right  of  insolvent  employer 
to  insurance.  Employ. — Building  trades;  construction,  excavating  and  electrical  work;  transport." ♦Ic"; 
mining  and  quarrying;  work  with  or  about  explosives,  molten  metals,  injurious  gases  or  vapors  or  corvos'.ve 
acids,  and  all  enterprises  in  wiiich  the  law  requires  protective  devices.  Other  employers  may  elec,  out 
forfeit  no  defenses  if  they  do  not.  Wait. — Six  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical  and  surgical  aid  for 
not  over  8  weeiis,  not  over  S200.  If  no  depelidents,  a  burial  benefit  not  over  S150.  Compen.  for  Dis.; 
Total — Fifty  per  cent,  of  employee's  weekly  earnings,  S6  minimum,  S12  maximum,  during  disability,  or 
until  payments  equal  a  death  benefit;  thereafter,  if  the  disability  is  permanent,  a  sum  annually  equal  to 
8%  of  a  death  benefit,  not  less  than  SIO  per  month.  Partial,  (b)  Perm. —  (b)  50%  of  loss  of  earning 
capacity,  not  more  than  S12  per  week.  For  certain  specific  Injuries  (mutilations,  etc.),  a  benefit  of  50% 
of  weekly  wages  for  fixed  periods,  in  addition  to  temporary  total  disability.  The  basis  of  50%  Is  to  be 
increased  5%  for  each  child  under  16  years  of  age,  maximum  65%.  The'minimum  of  S6  per  week  is  to 
be  increased  for  each  such  ciiild,  the  total  not  to  exceed  S750.  The  maximum  of  S12  is  to  be  increased  SI 
tor  each  child,  the  total  not  to  exceed  S15.  For  serious  and  permanent  disfigurement,  not  causing  incapacity 
;uid  not  otheri^ise  compensated,  a  sum  not  exceeding  one-fourth  the  death  benefits.  No  payments  are  to 
extend  beyond  8  years,  except  in  case  of  permanent  total  incapacity.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly 
dependent,  a  sum  equal  to  4  years'  earnings,  not  less  than  SI, 650  (to  a  widow  with  one  child  under  16, 
SI, 750  if  two  or  more  cliildren,  81,850),  nor  more  than  S3, 500  (to  a  widow  with  one  child  under  16,  83,750, 
and  it  two  or  more  children,  S4,000).  If  only  dependent  collateral  heirs  survive,  such  a  percentage  of  the 
above  sum  as  the  support  rendered  the  last  two  years  was  of  the  earnings  of  deceased.  Lump  sum  pay- 
ments for  either  death  or  disability  may  be  substituted  by  the  Industrial  Board  for  periodic  payments. 

INDIANA,  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Board,  with  appeals  to  courts  on  questions  of  law.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Con- 
tracts of  insurance  must  enure  directly  to  benefit  of  persons  entitled  to  payments  under  an  award.  Pay- 
ments have  same  preference  and  priority  as  unpaid  wages,  and  are  exempt  from  claims  of  creditors.  Insur- 
ance required,  or  proof  of  financial  ability  to  meet  payments.  Employ. — All  except  interstate  and  foreign 
commerce,  for  which  Federal  laws  make  provision;  railroad  employees  engaged  in  train  service,  and  domestic 
and  agricultural  labor,  unless  employer  makes  contrary  election;  compulsory  as  to  State  and  its  municipalities. 
Wait. — Seven  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical  and  hospital  services  for  first  30  days,  and  longer  at  option 
of  employer;  employee  must  accept  unless  otherwise  ordered  by  Industrial  Board;  SlOO  for  fimeral  ex- 
penses, if  death  from  the  injury  occurs  within  300  weeks.  Compen.  for  Dis.:  Total — Fifty-five  per 
cent,  of  wages  for  not  more  than  500  weeks.  Partial — Fifty  per  cent,  of  wage  loss  for  not  more  than  300 
weelcs.  For  certain  specified  injuries,  55%  of  wages  for  designated  periods  ranging  from  15  to  200  weeks. 
Wage  basis  and  total  amounts  are  limited  as  for  death  benefits.  Any  payments  may  be  commuted  to  a 
lump  sum  after  26  weeks.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  50%  of  weekly  wages;  to  those 
partially  dependent,  amounts  proportionate  to  decedent's  contribution  to  their  support.    Term  of  payment 


Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States— Continued.  567 

limited  to  300  weeks.  Payments  cease  on  remarriage  of  widow  or  dependent  widowers,  or  on  children 
attaining  the  age  of  18  years,  unless  mentally  or  physically  disabled  for  earning.  Wages  are  to  be  con- 
sidered as  not  above  S24  nor  less  than  SIO  weekly,  no  total  to  exceed  SS.OOO. 

IOWA,  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Committees  of  Arbitration,  with  the  Industrial  Commissioner  as  Chairman;  limited  appeals 
to  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employers  must  insure  in  approved  companies  or  mutual  associations,  furnish 
proof  of  financial  ability,  deposit  security  or  contract  with  employees.  Claim  for  compensation  is  first 
lien.  If  insured  is  incapable,  insurer  must  settle  direct  with  beneficiary.  Employ. — All  industries  except 
agriculture  and  domestic  service,  in  absence  of  contrary  election  by  employer.  Compulsory  as  to  State 
and  municipalities.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — Reasonable  surgical,  medical  and  hospital 
services,  and  supplies  for  first  4  weeks,  not  exceeding  SIOO.  Reasonable  expenses  of  last  sickness,  and 
burial  not  to  exceed  SIOO.  Compen.  for  Dis.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.:  (b)  Part. —  (a)  50%  of  wages,  not 
more  than  SiO  nor  less  than  86  (unless  wages  are  less  than  S6,  then  full  wages),  for  not  more  than  300  weeks, 
(b)  The  same  as  for  temporary  disability,  to  be  paid  lor  a  period  of  not  more  than  400  weeks.  Partial, 
(b)  Perm. —  (b)  Specified  maimiugs — 50%  of  average  weekly  wages  for  fixed  oeriods,  beginning  with 
the  date  of  injury.  Payments  for  total  temporary  and  total  permanent  disability  for  fifth,  sixth,  and 
seventh  weeks  oxe  S3M%  of  the  weekly  earnings.  If  disability  continues  beyond  those  dates,  but  only 
50%  after  the  seventh  week.  Lump  sum  payments  may  be  substituted  on  approval  of  the  Industrial 
Commissioner  and  an  order  of  the  court.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  a  weekly  payment 
equal-  to  50%  of  the  wages,  but  not  more  than  SIO  nor  less  than  S5  per  week,  for  300  weeks.  If  only  partial 
dependents  survive,  such  a  proportion  of  the  above  as  the  amounts  contributed  by  the  employee  to  such 
partial  dependents  bear  to  his  annual  earnings.  If  employee  was  a  minor  whose  earnings  were  received 
by  the  parent,  a  sum  to  the  parent  equal  to  two-thirds  of  the  amount  provided  for  persons  wholly  dependent. 
If  the  spouse  dies  during  compensation  period,  unpaid  benefits  go  to  other  dependents  if  any;  if  she  remar- 
ries and  there  are  no  dependent  children,  payments  cease. 

KANSAS,  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Disputes  not  settled  by  agreement  may  be  referred  to  arbitration,  subject  to  an  appeal 
to  the  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Lump  sums  awarded  by  the  court  may  be  secured  by  order  of  the  court 
by  a  bond.  If  employer  was  insured,  insurer  is  subrogated  to  the  rights  and  duties  of  the  employer.  Claims 
and  awards  are  not  assignable  or  subject  to  execution,  etc.  Employ. — Railways,  factories,  quarries, 
electrical,  building  or  engineering  work,  laundries,  natural  gas  plants,  county  and  municipal  work,  em- 
ployments requiring  the  usa  of  dangerous  explosive  or  inflammable  materials,  if  employing  five  or  more, 
and  mines;  employers  in  other  industries  and  those  emplo.ving  less  than  five  persons  may  a'lso  elect.  Walt. — 
One  week.  Med.  aud  Surg. — On  demand,  medical,  surgical  and  hospital  treatment,  not  over  S150  in 
value,  for  not  more  than  50  days.  If  no  dependents,  a  reasonable  expense  for  burial,  not  exceeding  S150. 
Compen.  for  Dis.:  Total — Payments  during  incapacity,  after  the  first  week,  equal  to  60%  of  the  earnings, 
not  less  than  S6  nor  more  than  S15  per  week.  Partial — Slxt.v  per  cent,  of  wage  loss  during  incapacity, 
after  first  week.  Lump  sums  equal  to  50%  of  the  wages  for  specified  periods  are  to  paid  for  designated 
injuries  in  lieu  of  all  other  compensation.  No  payments  for  total  or  partial  disability  shall  extend  for 
over  8  years.  After  0  months  lump  sum  payments  may  be  substituted  at  the  employer's  option,  the  sum 
to  be  agreed  upon  or  determined  by  the  court.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  a  simi  equal 
to  3  years'  earnings  of  the  deceased,  not  less  than  SI. 400  nor  more  than  83,800.  For  non-resident  alien  benefic- 
iaries (except  in  Canada)  the  ma.ximum  is  S750.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive,  a  sum  proportionate 
to  the  injury  to  such  dependents.  Compensation  ceases  upon  the  marriage  of  any  dependent  or  when 
a  minor  becomes  18,  unless  physically  or  mentally  incapable  of  wage  earning. 

KENTUCKY,      1916. 

Adm.  Sys. — Workmen's  Compensation  Board,  a  member  thereof,  or  a  referee  apnointed  by  it.  Limited 
appeals  to  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employers  accepting  act  must  insure  in  a  stock  or  mutual  company 
or  the  State  Employees'  Insurance  .Association,  or  give  proof  of  financial  ability.  Policies  must  provide 
for  direct  liability  to  beneficiaries.  Self-insurers  must  furnish  bond  or  other  security.  Benefits  have  same 
priority  as  wages  and  are  not  subject  to  assignment  or  attachment.  Employ. — All  except  domestic  service 
and  farm  labor  where  three  or  more  are  employed;  excepted  industries  may  become  subject  to  act  by  Joint 
application  of  employers  and  employees.  Wait. — Seven  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical,  surgical  and 
hospital  aid  for  90  days,  unless  another  period  is  fixed  by  the  board,  not  to  exceed  SIOO.  Reasonable  burial 
expenses,  not  over  S75.  Compen  for  Dis.;  Total — Sixty-five  per  cent,  of  average  weekly  wages  for  8 
yeai-s,  not  over  S12  nor  less  than  S5;  total  not  to  exceed  S5,000.  Partial — Sixty-five  per  cent,  of  the  weekly 
wage  loss,  not  to  exceed  S12,  for  not  more  than  335  weeks;  total  not  to  exceed  S4.000.  Compensation 
periods  are  fixed  for  specified  injuries.  Limip  sums  may  be  awarded  after  six  months,  i!  approved  by  the 
board.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  65%  of  the  average  weekly  earnings,  not  more  than 
S12  nor  less  than  So  per  week  for  335  weeks;  total  not  to  exceed  S4,000.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive, 
a  proportion  of  the  amount  for  total  dependency,  determined  by  the  degree  of  dependence.  If  no  dependents, 
SIOO  to  the  personal  representative.  Payments  to  a  widow  or  widower  cease  on  remarriage,  and  to  a  child 
on  reaching  the  age  of  16,  unless  incapacitated  for  wage  earning.  Payments  thus  terminated  go  to  other 
beneficiaries,  if  any. 

LOUISIANA,     1915. 

Adm.  Sys. — Disputes  are  settled  by  Judges  of  the  courts  in  simple,  summary  procedure.  Sec.  for 
Comp. — Insurance  not  required.  Policies  must  give  claimants  right  to  direct  payment.  Compensation 
payments  have  same  preference  as  wage  debts.  Employ. — Hazardous  trades,  businesses  or  occupations 
in  absence  of  contrary  election;  extensive  list,  and  others  may  be  so  adjudged  or  brought  within  act  by 
voluntary  agreement.  Compulsory  as  to  State  employees,  its  municipalities  and  pubUc  boards.  Walt. — 
Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg.— Reasonable  medical,  surgical,  and  hospital  service,  not  over  8100.  SIOO 
expenses  of  last  sickness  and  burial.  Compen.  for  Dis.;  Total — Fifty  per  cent,  of  the  weekly  wages,  S3 
minimum,  $10  maximum,  for  not  more  than  400  weeks.  Partial — Fifty  per  cent,  of  the  wage  loss,  not 
over  SIO,  for  not  more  than  400  weeks.  Fixed  schedule  for  specified  injuries  for  periods  from  10  to  150 
weeks.  Payments  in  any  case  may  be  commuted  to  a  lump  sum  on  agreement  of  the  parties  and  approved 
by  the  courts.  Death  Ben. — To  widow  or  dependent  widower  alone,  25%  of  weekly  wages,  40%  if  one 
child,  50%  if  two  or  more.  If  one  child  alone,  25%,  40%  for  two,  50%  for  three  or  more.  For  one  dependent 
parent,  25%;  for  two,  50%.  If  one  brother  or  sister,  25%,  and  10%  for  each  other.  The  total  In  no  case 
to  exceed  50%,  $3  minimum,  SIO  maximum,  for  not  over  300  weeks.  Payment  to  any  beneficiary  ceases 
on  death  Or  marriage;  to  children  oa  reaching  the  age  of  18,  unless  mentally  or  physically  incapacitated. 

MAINE,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Accident  Commission;  appeals  to  courts  on  questions  of  law.  Sec.  for  Camp. 
— Insurance  required  unless  employer  gives  proof  of  solvency  and  makes  deposit  or  bond  to  secure  pay- 
ments. Claims  have  same  preference  as  wages  debts.  Employ. — All  except  agricultural  and  domestic 
labor,  and  seamen  in  Interstate  or  foreign  commerce,  in  which  more  than  five  are  employed,  if  employer 
elects.  Abrogation  of  defenses  does  not  affect  cutting,  hauling,  driving,  or  rafting  of  logs.  Walt. — Two 
weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — Reasonable  medical  and  hospital  services  during  first  two  weeks,  not  over 
$30,  unless  by  agreement  or  order  of  commission  a  larger  amount  is  provided  for.     If  no  dependents,  not 


568         Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States— Continued, 


over  S200  for  last  sickness  and  burial.  Compen.  for  Dis.;  Total— Fifty  per  cent,  of  the  wages,  for  not 
more  than  500  weeks,  S4  minimum,  SIO  maximum,  total  not  to  exceed  S3,000.  Partial—Fifty  per  cent, 
of  the  weekly  wage  loss,  not  over  SIO,  for  not  more  than  300  weeks.  For  specified  injuries  causing  per- 
manent partial  disability,  50%  of  the  wages  for  various  fixed  periods,  then  compensation  on  basis  of  wage 
loss  if  any,  for  not  more  than  300  weeks  in  all.  Lump  sum  payments  may  be  approved  by  the  commission, 
after  weekly  payments,  for  not  less  than  six  months.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  50% 
of  weekly  wages  for  300  weeks.  Si  minimum,  SIO  maximum.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive,  amounts 
proportionate  to  their  degree  of  dependency  for  300  weeks.  If  only  one  wholly  dependent  and  more  than 
one  partly  dependent,  payments  are  to  be  divided  according  to  the  relative  extent  of  dependency.  Pay- 
ments to  children  cease  at  age  of  18,  unless  mentally  or  physically  incapacitated  for  earning  a  living. 

MARYLAND,      1914. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Accident  Commission,  with  appeal  to  the  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance 
In  State  fund,  stock,  or  mutual  company,  or  proof  of  financial  ability  is  required.  Policies  must  permit 
action  by  commission  to  secure  payments  to  persons  entitled.  Payments  not  assignable,  nor  subject  to 
execution  or  attachment.  Employ. — Extra  hazardous  (enumerated  list);  others  by  joint  election  of  em- 
ployer and  employees.  Farmiand  domestic  labor,  country  blacksmiths  and  wheelwrights  are  excluded. 
Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical,  surgical,  etc.,  not  over  S150.  Funeral  expenses  not 
over  S75  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total— Fifty  per  cent,  of  weekly  wages,  S5  minimum,  S12  maximum  tor 
not  over  eight  years,  total  not  to  exceed  S5,000.  If  wages  are  less  than  S5,  full  wages  will  be  paid.  Partia! — 
Fifty  per  cent,  of  weekly  wage  loss,  S12  maximum,  total  not  over  S3,000;  specific  periods  for  specified  maim- 
ings"  Where  the  injured  employee  is  a  learner,  with  prospect  of  increase  of  wages,  this  fact  may  be  con- 
sidered in  fixing  awards.  Payments  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  commission,  be  made  in  part  or  In  whole 
in  lump  sums.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  50%  of  the  weekly  wages  for  eight  years,  not 
more  than  S4,250  nor  less  than  SI, 000.  To  persons  partly  dependent,  50%  of  the  weekly  wages  for  such 
portion  of  eight  years  as  the  commission  may  fix,  amount  not  to  exceed  S3, 000.  If  no  dependents,  funeral 
expenses  only.  Payments  to  widow  close  on  remarriage,  and  to  children  on  reaching  the  age  of  16,  unless 
mentally  or  physically  Incapacitated. 

MASSACHUSETTS,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — On  request  of  eitlier  party.  Industrial  Accident  Board  calls  for  a  committee  of  arbitration, 
whose  decision  is  subject  to  review  by  the  Industrial  Accident  Board.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employer  must 
become  a  subscriber  of  the  State  Employees'  Insurance  Association  or  insure  in  some  authorized  liability 
insurance  company.  All  risks  must  be  insured  in  approved  companies.  Payments  are  not  subject  to 
assignment,  attachment  or  execution.  Employ. — All  industries,  if  the  employer  so  elects.  The  State 
shall,  and  any  county,  city,  town  or  district  accepting  this  act,  may  compensate  its  laborers,  workmen 
and  mechanics.  Wait. — Ten  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Reasonable  medical  and  hospital  services,  and 
medicines  as  needed,  for  the  first  two  weeks,  and  in  unusual  cases,  for  a  longer  period,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  board.  Reasonable  expenses  of  burial,  not  over  SIOO.  If  dependents  survive,  this' sum  shall  be  de- 
ducted from  the  compensation  payable.  Comp.  for  Dis.;  Total — A  sum  equal  to  two-thirds  the  average 
weekly  wages,  not  less  than  S5  nor  over  S14  per  week,  not  exceeding  500  weeks  nor  S4,000.  Partial — 
Two-thirds  the  wage  loss,  not  over  SIO  per  week  and  for  not  longer  than  500  weeks.  In  specified  injuries 
(mutilations,  etc.),  two-thirds  the  weekly  wages,  not  exceeding  SIO  nor  less  than  S5  per  week,  for  fixed 
periods,  in  addition  to  other  compensation.  Lump  sum  payments  may  be  substituted  in  whole  or  part, 
after  payments  for  injury  or  death  have  been  made  for  not  less  than  six  months.  Death  Ben. — To  persons 
wholly  dependent,  weekly  payment  equal  to  two-thirds  the  average  weekly  wages  of  the  deceased  employee, 
not  less  than  S5  nor  more  than  SIO,  for  a  period  of  500  weeks,  the  total  not  to  exceed  S4,000.  If  only 
partial  dependents  sm-vive,  a  sum  proportionate  to  the  portion  of  the  earnings  contributed  to  their  support 
by  the  deceased  employee.  Children  cease  to  be  dependents  at  18,  unless  mentally  or  physically  incapaci- 
tated from  earning  a  living. 

MICHIGAN.     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Either  party  may  request  Industrial  Accident  Board  to  appoint  a  committee  of  arbitration, 
whose  decisions  are  subject  to  review  by  the  board.  The  Supreme  Court  may  review  questions  of  law. 
Sec.  for  Comp. — Employers  must  insure  with  the  State  or  in  approved  companies,  or  furnish  proof  of 
financial  ability.  Claims  are  a  first  lien  on  all  property  of  employer.  Employ. — All  industries  if  employer 
elects;  compulsory  as  to  the  State  and  its  municipalities,  public  boards,  etc.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med. 
and  Surg. — Reasonable  medical  and  hospital  services  for  the  first  three  weeks.  If  no  dependents,  the 
reasonable  expense  of  the  last  sickness  and  burial,  not  exceeding  S200.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — A  weekly 
payment  equal  to  one-half  the  earnings,  not  less  than  S4  nor  more  than  SIO  per  week,  nor  for  a  period  longer 
than  500  weeks  from  the  date  of  the  injury,  and  not  exceeding  §4,000.  Partial — A  weekly  payment  equal 
to  one-half  the  wage  loss,  not  over  SIO  per  week  nor  for  longer  than  300  weelts.  For  certain  specified  injuries 
(mutilation,  etc.),  50%  of  average  weekly  earnings  for  fixed  periods.  Payments  begin  with  the  fifteenth 
day  after  the  injury,  but  if  the  disability  continues  for  eight  weeks  or  longer,  compensation  is  computed 
from  the  date  of  the  Injury.  After  six  months  lump  sums  may  be  substituted  for  weekly  payments.  Death 
Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  a  weekly  payment  equal  to  one-half  the  deceased  workman's  earnings, 
not  less  than  S4  nor  more  than  SIO  per  week  for  a  period  of  300  weeks.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive 
such  proportion  of  the  above  as  the  amount  of  previous  contributions  bears  to  such  earnings. 

MINNESOTA.     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Judge  of  the  District  Court  determines  dispute  in  a  summary  manner,  subject  to  review 
by  Supreme  Court  on  questions  of  law.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employers  may  Insure  or  maintain  co-operative 
schemes.  Insured  workmen  have  an  equitable  lien  on  any  policy  falling  due.  Claims  have  same  preference 
as  unpaid  wages.  Employ. — All  excepting  common  carriers  by  steam  railroad  and  farm  and  domestic 
service.  In  absence  of  contrary  election  by  employers.  Wait. — One  week.  Med.  and  Surg. — Reasonable 
medical  and  surgical  treatment,  not  exceeding  90  days  nor  SIOO,  unless  ordered  in  exceptional  cases,  when 
limit  Is  S200.  SIOO  funeral  expenses.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — Sixty  per  cent,  of  wages.  Partial,  (a) 
Temp.;  (b)  Perm. —  (a)  60%  of  the  wage  loss,  (b)  For  specified  permanent  partial  disability  (mutila- 
tions, etc.),  60%  of  the  earnings  for  fixed  period.  Payments  for  death  may  not  be  more  than  SU  per  *eek, 
and  for  disability  not  more  than  S12,  nor  less  than  S6.50,  unless  wages  are  less  than  S6.50,  when  amount 
of  wages  Is  paid.  Payments  may  not  extend  beyond  300  weeks,  except  for  permanent  total  disability, 
when  the  maximum  is  400  weeks,  with  payments  of  not  more  than  S6.50  per  week  thereafter  for  150  weeks, 
the  totalnot  to  exceed  S5,000.  Lump  sums  may  be  substituted  for  periodical  payments,  but  In  case  of 
compensation  for  death,  permanent  total  disability,  or  certain  maimlngs,  the  consent  of  the  court  must 
be  obtained.  Death  Ben. — To  a  widow  alone,  35%  of  monthly  wages  of  deceased,  increasing  to  60%  if 
four  or  more  children;  to  a  dependent  husband  alone,  25%;  to  a  dependent  orphan,  40%,  with  10%  ad- 
ditional lor  each  additional  orphan,  with  a  maximum  of  60%  to  the  dependent  parent  or  parents.  If  no 
dependent  widow,  widower,  or  children,  30%  If  one  parent  and  40%  if  both  survive;  If  none  of  the  foregoing, 
but  a  brother,  sister,  grandparent,  raother-in-Iaw,  or  father-in-law  is  wholly  dependent.  If  but  one  such 
relative,  25%,  or  If  more  than  one,  30%,  divided  equally.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive,  that  pro- 
portion ol  benefits  provided  for  actual  dependents  which  contributions  bore  to  wages  earned.    Payments 


Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States—Continued.        569 

continue  for  not  more  than  300  weeks,  and  cease  upon  marriage  or  when  sixteen,  imless  mentally  or  physically 
incapacitated. 

MONTANA,     1915. 

Adm.  Sys. — Proceedings  to  determine  disputes  must  be  instituted  before  the  Board  and  not  elsewhere; 
limited  appeals  to  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employer  may  carry  his  own  insurance  on  proof  of  financial 
ability;  may  Insure  in  any  company  in  State,  or  may  contribute  to  State  fund.  Liabilities  under  act  are 
first  lien  upon  any  deposit,  and  on  other  property  pro-rata  with  other  lienable  claims.  Employ. — All 
Inherently  hazardous  works  and  occupations,  including  manufactures,  construction  work,  transportation 
and  repair  of  means  thereof,  and  any  hazardous  occupations  not  enimierated,  in  which  employers  elect, 
but  not  including  agricultural,  domestic  or  casual  labor.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg.— Medical 
and  hospital  services  during  first  two  weeks,  not  over  S50,  "unless  there  is  a  hospital  contract.  875  for 
funeral  e.'ipenses,  if  death  occurs  within  six  months.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. — 
(a)  50%  of  wages  during  disability,  SIO  maximum,  S6  minimum,  unless  wages  are  less  than  S6,  when  full 
wages  will  be  paid,  for  not  more  than  300  weeks,  (b)  Same  scale  as  above  tor  400  weeks,  then  ?5  per  week, 
while  disability  continues.  Partial,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. —  (a)  50%  of  wage  loss,  wages  and  benefits 
not  to  exceed  SIO  nor  fall  below  S6,  unless  wages  were  less  than  S6;  payments  to  contiiiue  not  more  than 
150  weeks  lor  permanent  cases,  and  50  weeks  where  disability  is  temporary,  (b)  For  maimings,  com- 
pensation of  same  scale  and  limits  as  in  total  temporary,  lor  terms  ranging  from  3  to  200  weeks.  Deatli 
Ben. — To  widow,  widower,  child,  or  children  under  16,  or  invalid  child  over  16,  50%  of  wages  of  the  de- 
ceased if  residents  of  the  United  States,  if  not,  25%,  unless  otherwise  required  by  treaty.  To  major  depend- 
ents (father  or  mother),  in  case  there  are  no  beneficiaries,  40%.  To' minor  dependents  (brothers  or  sisters 
actually  dependent),  if  no  beneficiary  or  major  dependent,  30%.  Non-resident  alien  dependents  receive 
nothing  unless  required  by  treaty.  Terms  of  payments  may  not  exceed  400  weeks,  SIO  maximum,  S6 
minimum;  if  wages  less  than  S6,  then  fiil)  wages.  Payments  cease  on  remarriage  of  widow  or  widower, 
or  when  child,  brother,  or  sister  readies  the  age  of  16,  unless  an  invalid. 

NEBRASKA.     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Compensation  Commissioner;  appeal  to  District  Court  of  county,  with  further  appeal 
to  Supreme  Court.  Sec.  for  Comp. —  Employer  must  insure  or  give  proof  of  financial  abilitj'.  Policies 
must  inure  directly  to  beneficiaries.  Awards  have  same  preference  as  wage  claims.  Employ. — All  indus- 
tries, except  domestic  sei-vice,  agriculture,  and  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  in  absence  of  contrary  election. 
Exempt  employees  may  make  affirmative  election.  Wait. — Seven  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical 
and  hospital  service  during  first  21  days,  not  over  S200.  Time  may  be  extended  in  cases  of  dismemberment 
or  major  operations.  A  reasonable  sum,  not  over  SlOO,  for  expenses  of  last  sickness  and  burial.  Comp. 
for  Dis.:  Total — 66?^^  %  of  the  weekly  wages,  not  less  than  S6  nor  more  than  S12  per  week  for  300  weeks; 
thereafter,  while  disability  lasts,  45%,  not  less  than  S4.50  nor  more  than  S9.  If  weekly  wages  are  les3 
than  minimum,  full  wages  are  paid.  Partial — 66%  %  of  loss  of  earning  capacity,  not  over  812  per  week 
nor  for  more  than  300  weeks.  For  certain  specified  injuries  (mutilations,  etc.),  66%  %  of  wages  for  fixed 
periods  in  lieu  of  other  payments,  S12  maximum,  SG  minimum,  unless  wages  are  less  than  S6,  when  full 
wages  are  to  be  paid.  Payments  begin  with  the  eighth  day,  but  if  disability  continues  six  weeks  or  more 
compensation  Is  computed  from  date  of  injury.  Lump  sums  may  be  substituted  for  periodic  payments, 
but  if  for  death  or  permanent  disability,  the  approval  of  the  court  must  be  obtained.  Death  Ben. — To 
persons  wholly  dependent,  66%  %  of  the  employee's  wages,  not  less  than  S6  nor  more  than  812;  not  exceed- 
ing 350  weeks;  if  wages  were  less  than  S6,  full  wages.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive,  a  proportion  of 
the  above  cor^•esponding  to  the  relation  the  Contribution  of  deceased  to  their  support  bore  to  his  wages. 
Compensation  to  children  ceases  when  they  reach  16.  unless  mentally  or  physically  incapacitated  from  earning. 

NEVADA,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Commission.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employers  must  insure  in  State  Insurance 
Fund.  .State  management  of  fund  and  collection  of  premiums  by  the  State.  Payments  not  assignable, 
exempt  from  attachment,  etc.  Emploj'. — All  except  domestic  and  farm  labor,  provided  the  employer 
elects;  compulsory  as  to  the  State  and  its  municipalities.  Wait. — Seven  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — 
Reasonable  medical,  surgical,  and  hospital  aid  for  90  days,  but  may  be  extended  to  one  year  by  the  Indus- 
trial Commission.  Burial  expenses  not  to  exceed  SI  25.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — Oue-half  the  average 
monthly  wages,  not  less  than  S20  nor  more  than  S70  for  twelve  months,  and  not  over  860  thereafter.  Partial 
■ — One-half  the  loss  of  earning  capacij,y,  not  more  than  S40  per  month  for  not  more  than  sLxty  months; 
wages  in  excess  of  S140  need  not  be  considered.  For  certain  specific  injuries  (mutilations,  etc.),  a  monthly 
payment  equal  to  one-half  the  monthly  wages,  not  less  than  S20  nor  more  than  S6fl  for  fixed  periods,  in 
addition  to  payments  for  temporary  total  disability.  No  compensation  is  payable  for  the  first  week  of 
di-sability,  but  if  it  continues  three  weeks  or  longer  compensation  is  paid  from  the  date  of  the  injury.  The 
Industrial  Commission  may  permit  the  substitution  of  lump  sums  for  monthly  payments  in  an  amount 
not  exceeding  S5,000.  Death  Ben. — To  widow  or  dependent  widower,  30%  of  the  average  wages,  with 
10%  additional  for  each  child  under  eighteen  years  of  age,  total  not  to  exceed  66H%.  If  only  children 
survive,  they  receive  15%  each,  the  total  not  to  exceed  66%%.  If  there  are  none  of  the  foregoing  de- 
pendent parents  may  receive  25%  of  the  average  monthly  wage  during  dependency;  if  dependent  brothers 
or  sistere  under  eighteen,  20%  for  one  and  30%  if  more  than  one,  other  cases  according  to  the  facts.  Pay- 
ments to  a  widow  or  dependent  widower  cease  on  remarriage,  but  the  widow  shall  receive  two  years'  beneflta 
In  a  lump  sum.  Payments  to  children  cease  at  eighteen,  unless  incapable.  Payments  to  non-resident 
aliens  60%  of  above.  No  excess  of  wages  over  S120  per  month  considered.  No  lump  sura  settlements 
allowed  for  widow,  children,  or  the  wholly  dependent. 

NEW     HAMPSHIRE,     1912. 

Adm.  Sys. — Disputes  settled  by  agreement  or  action  In  equity.  Sec.  for  Comp. — No  provision  for 
insurance.  Employer  must  satisfy  Commissioner  of  Labor  of  financial  ability  or  file  a  bond.  Payments 
have  same  preferences  as  claims  for  unpaid  wages,  or  for  personal  services.  Employ. — Industries  dan- 
gerous to  life  or  limb,  including  operation  and  maintenance  of  steam  and  electric  roads,  work  in  shops, 
mills,  factories,  etc.,  employing  five  or  more;  work  about  quarries,  mines,  foundries.  Wait. — Two  weeks. 
Med.  and  Surg. — If  no  dependents,  expenses  of  medical  care  and  burial  not  in  excess  of  S160.  Comp. 
for  Dis.:  Total — Beginning  witli  the  fifteenth  day,  a  sum  not  exceeding  50%  of  average  weekly  earnings. 
Partial — A  sum  not  in  excess  of  50%  of  loss  of  earning  capacity.  In  no  case  is  compensation  to  exceed 
SIO  a  week,  nor  ran  for  a  longer  period  than  300  weeks.  The  court  may  determine  the  amount  of  lump 
sums  payable  as  a  substitute  for  weekly  payments.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  a  sum 
equal  to  150  times  the  average  weekly  earnings  of  deceased,  not  to  exceed  S3,000.  If  only  partial  dependents 
survive,  such  proportion  of  the  above  as  corresponds  to  the  portion  of  wages  contributed  to  their  support, 

NEW     JERSEY.     1914. 

Adm.  Sys. — Judge  of  Coiut  of  Common  Pleas  settles  disputes  in  summary  manner,  subject  to  review 
on  questions  of  law  in  Supreme  Court.  Workmen's  Compensation  Bureau  by  amendment  of  1918.  Sec. 
for  Comp. — Employers  must  furnish  proof  of  financial  ability  or  insure.  Policies  must  be  for  benefit  of 
employees.  Right  of  compensation  has  same  preference  as  claim  for  unpaid  wages.  Employ. — All  em- 
ployments in  absence  of  contrary  election.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — Reasonable  medical 
and  hospital  services  lor  first  two  weeks,  not  over  .¥50.     Expense  of  last  sickness  and  of  burial,  not  exceeding 


570  Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States— Continued. 

SlOO  for  burial.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm.— (a)  50%  oJ  wages,  payable  during 
disability,  but  not  beyond  300  weeks,  (b)  50%  of  wages  during  such  disability,  not  beyond  400  weeks. 
Partial,  (b)  Perm. —  (b)  For  certain  specific  injuries  (mutilations,  etc.),  60%  of  wages  during  fixed  periods. 
AH  weekly  payments  are  subject  to  the  same  rule  as  to  maximum  and  minimum  as  for  death  benefits.  A 
lump  sum  payment  may  be  substituted  at  the  discretion  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Death  Ben. — 
To  one  dependent,  .'55%  of  the  wages  of  the  deceased,  and  for  each  additional  dependent  5%  additional, 
the  total  not  to  exceed  60%,  payable  for  not  more  than  300  weeks.  Compensation  not  to  be  less  than 
S5  nor  more  than  SIO  per  week,  unless  the  earnings  are  less  than  S5,  when  full  wages  are  paid.  Payments 
to  widows  cease  on  remarriage,  to  orphans  at  eighteen,  unless  mentally  or  physically  deficient. 

NEW     MEXICO,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — District  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employer  must  file  bond  or  certificate  of  guarantee, 
mutual,  or  other  insurance,  unless  he  can  satisfy  the  Judge  he  is  solvent.  Employ. — Extra  hazardous 
(enumerated),  where  four  or  more  are  employed,  or  where  work  is  carried  on  upon  a  derrick,  scaffolding, 
pole,  or  other  structure  ten  or  more  feet  above  the  surface  of  the  ground;  others  by  election.  Wait. — 
Twenty-one  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical  care  up  to  .S50,  during  "waiting"  period  of  21  days.  $50 
for  funeral  expenses.  Comp.  for  Total  Dis.: — Fifty  per  cent,  of  earnings  for  520  weeks.  Compensation 
is  Increased  50%  if  caused  by  employer's  failure  to  provide  safety  devices  provided  by  law,  and  decreased 
50%  if  caused  bv  the  employees'  failure  to  observe  a  statutory  regulation  concerning  safety,  or  to  use  a 
safety  device  provided.  Death  Ben. — To  a  dependent  widow  or  widower;  40%  of  earnings,  5%  additional 
for  each  child  up  to  60%,  and  proportionate  amounts  for  other  dependents. 

NEW     YORK,     1918. 

Adm.  Sys. — State  Industrial  Commission,  with  limited  appeals  to  the  coiu'ts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — 
Employer  must  give  proof  of  financial  ability,  or  must  insure  in  State  fund  or  mutual  or  stock  company. 
Policies  must  inure  directly  to  beneficiary.  Payments  have  same  preference  as  unpaid  wages.  Employ. — 
All  industries  employing  four  or  more  employees,  except  domestic  service  and  agricultural  pursuits.  Walt. 
— Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Sur(J. — Medical  and  surgical  treatment  and  hospital  services  for  sixty  days, 
costs  to  be  approved  by  the  commission.  .SlOO  for  fimeral  expenses.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — 6&H% 
of  wages  during  continuance.  Partial— 605^  %  of  wage  lo.ss.  For  specified  permanent  partial  disabilities 
(mutilations,  etc.),  66%  %  of  wages  for  fixed  periods,  separate  provision  for  disfigurements.  The  foregoing 
payments  may  not  be  less  than  S5  nor  more  than  S15  per  week,  except  for  certain  maimings  the  maximum 
may  be  S20.  Payments  becin  on  the  fifteenth  day,  but  if  the  disability  continues  for  more  than  forty-nine 
days  compensation  is  allowed  from  the  beginning.  Death  Ben. — To  a  widow  or  dependent  widower  alone, 
30%  of  wages  of  deceased,  10%  additional  lor  each  child  under  eighteen;  dependent  orphans  under  eighteen 
receive  15%  each,  and  dependent  parents,  brothers,  or  sisters,  15%  each;  aggregate  payments  in  no  case 
to  exceed  66%%.  Payments  to  widow  or  widower  cease  on  death  or  remarriage;  payments  to  children, 
brothers  and  sisters  at  eighteen,  and  to  parents  when  dependence  ceases.  In  computing  the  above  benefits 
no  wages  in  excess  of  15100  monthly  are  considered. 

OHIO,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Commission;  limited  appeal  to  civil  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — State  Insurance 
Fund.  Employers  must  insure  or  give  proof  of  ability  to  pay  benefits.  Non-insurers  must  give  bond  or 
security.  Insurance  is  under  State  control.  Claims  have  same  nreferencR  as  on  tax  judgments.  Employ. 
— All  employing  five  or  more  regularly;  also  establishments  employing  Ie,ss  than  five,  if  employer  elects  to 
pay  premiums.  Walt. — One  week.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical,  hospital,  etc.,  not  over  S200,  but  more 
may  be  allowed  in  case  of  necessity.  Burial  expenses  not  to  exceed  S150.  If  no  dependents,  medical  and 
hospital  services,  not  over  S200,  and  burial  expenses  as  above.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.;  (b) 
Perm. — (a)  Weekly  payments  of  66?^%,  of  average  weekly  wages  during  di.sability,  not  less  than  35  nor 
more  than  S12;  but  not  for  longer  than  six  years,  nor  exceeding  .S3, 750.  (b)  A  weekly  payment  as  above, 
continuing  until  death.  Partial,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm.— (a)  66%%  of  loss  of  earning  capacity  during 
continuance,  but  not  exceeding  S12  per  week,  or  a  total  of  53,750.  (b)  In  certain  specified  injuries  (muti- 
lations, etc.).  66%  %  of  wages  for  fixed  periods,  with  the  same  m.aximum  and  minimum  limitations  as  noted 
above,  in  addition  to  payments  during  temporary  total  disability.  In  all  cases,  if  wages  are  less  than 
prescribed  minimum,  then  total  wages  are  paid  as  compensation;  an  expected  increase  in  wages  may  be 
given  consideration.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  66%  %  of  the  average  weekly  earnings 
of  the  deceased  for  eight  years,  not  less  than  S2,000  nor  more  than  S5,000.  If  only  partial  dependents 
survive,  a  proportionate  sum  to  continue  for  all  or  such  portion  of  the  period  of  eight  years  as  the  Industrial 
Commission  may  determine  in  each  case,  not  exceeuing  a  maximum  of  S5,000. 

OKLAHOMA,      igi."?. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Commission.  Appeals  to  the  Supreme  Court.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance 
companies  or  fund  systems  must  be  approved  by  the  commission.  Claims  cannot  be  assigned,  and  pay- 
ments are  exempt  from  levy,  execution,  etc.  Employ. — "Hazardous"  (enumerated  list  and  general  clause), 
in  which  more  than  two  are  employed;  agriculture,  stock  raising,  retail  stores,  and  interstate  railways  not 
Included;  work  by  State  or  municipalities  is  included.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — Necessary 
medical,  surgical,  or  other  treatment  for  first  fifteen  days.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.;  (b) 
Perm. —  (a)  50%  of  average  weekly  wages  for  not  more  than  300  weeks,  (b)  50%  of  average  weekly 
wages  for  not  more  than  500  weeks.  Partial,  (b)  Perm. —  (b)  50%  of  wage  loss  for  not  more  than  300 
weeks;  for  specified  injuries,  50%  of  weekly  wages  for  fixed  periods  in  lieu  of  other  compensation.  Payments 
may  not  exceed  SlO  per  week  nor  be  less  than  S6,  unless  wages  were  less  than  S6,  when  full  wages  will  be 
paid.  Periodical  payments  may  be  commuted  to  lump  sums,  and  aliens  who  are  non-residents  may  have 
payments  commuted  to  lump  sums  equal  to  one-half  of  the  value  of  the  present  worth.   . 

OREGON,     1916. 

Adm.  Sys. — State  Accident  Industrial  Commission.  Review  by  Circuit  Court.  Appeals  from  Circuit 
Court  as  In  other  civil  cases.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance  under  State  control.  State  gives  subsidy, 
employer  deducts  1%  from  employee's  daily  earnings,  and  contributes  this  and  a  percentage  of  monthly 
payroll.  Employ. — All  hazardous  occupations,  factories,  mills,  and  workshops  using  machinery;  mines, 
quarries,  wharves  and  docks,  dredges,  engineering,  telephone,  telegraph,  electric  light,  etc.  All  in  absence 
of  contrary  election.  Med.  and  Surg.^ — Transportation,  medical,  surgical,  and  hospital  expenses,  not 
exceeding  S250.  Buri.al  expenses  not  to  exceed  .SlOO.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. — 
(b)  Monthly  payments  as  follows:  If  unmarried,  $30;  if  with  wife  or  Invalid  husband,  but  no  child  under 
sixteen,  S35;  if  husband  is  not  an  Invalid,  S30:  if  married  or  a  widow  or  widower  with  a  child  or  children 
under  sixteen,  S6  additional  for  each  child  until  sixteen,  total  monthly  payments  not  to  exceed  S50.  (a) 
Above  payments  apply  during  disability,  increased  50%  for  first  six  months,  but  in  no  case  to  exceed  60% 
of  monthly  wages.  Partial,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. — (a)  A  proportionate  amount,  corresponding  to 
loss  of  earning  power  for  not  exceeding  two  years,  (b)  For  certain  specified  injuries  (mutilations,  etc.), 
monthly  payments  of  $25  per  month  payable  for  fixed  periods,  less  any  time  for  which  compensation  was 
paid  tor  total  disability.  A  lump  siun  at  the  option  of  the  injured  person  is  provided  in  some  cases.  Partial 
lump  sum  payments  to  any  beneficiary  may  be  substituted  at  the  discretion  of  the  commission.  Death 
Ben. — To  widow  or  invalid  widower,  a  monthly  payment  of  S30,  and  to  each  child  under  sixteen  (daughters 


Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States— Continued.,.  .     .571 

— : . — . „,. 1  I    ' L 

eighteen),  S6  a  month,  the  total  monthly  not  to  exceed  S50.  To  orphans  under  sixteen  (daughters  eighteen) 
a  monthly  payment  of  $15  each,  the  total  not  to  exceed  S50.  To  other  dependents,  there  being  none  o! 
the  foregoing,  a  monthly  payment  to  each  of  50%  of  the  average  support  received  during  the  preceding 
year,  but  not  to  exceed  S30  a  month  in  all.  To  parents  of  an  unmarried  minor,  a  monttUy  payment  of 
S25,  until  such  time  as  he  would  have  been  twenty-one,  after  which  time  compensation  shall  be  paid  accord- 
ing to  average  support.  Payments  to  widow  or  widower  until  death  or  remarriage.  On  remarriage  of 
widow  a  lump  siun  of  S300.  Payments  to  a  male  child  cease  at  sixteen,  to  a  feniale  at  eighteen,  unless 
an  invalid. 

PENNSYLVANIA,  1916. 
Adm.  Sys. — Workmen's  Compensation  Board.  Appeal  to  coiuts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — iEmployers 
must  insure  in  State  Fund,  a  stock  or  mutual  company,  or  give  proof  of  financial  ability.  Agreements 
are  filed  with  a  prothonotary,  if  approved  becomes  a  hen  as  a  judgment.  A  separate  act  provides  for  direct 
payments  to  beneficiaries.  Employ. — All,  unless  employer  elects  to  contrary.  Agricultural  and  domestic 
employees  are  excluded.  Wait. — Fourteen  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — Reasonable  medical,  surgical,  and 
hospital  expenses  for  first  fourteen  days,  cost  not  to  exceed  S25,  unless  major  surgical  operation  is  necessary, 
when  875  is  the  maximum.  SlOO  funeral  expenses.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — Fifty  per  cent,  of  weekly 
wages  for  500  weeks,  S5  minimum,  SIO  maximum,  total  not  to  exceed  $4,000;  if  wages  are  less  than  S5, 
full  wages  will  be  paid.  Partial — Fifty  per  cent,  of  weekly  wage  loss,  SIO  maximum,  for  not  over  300 
weeks;  fl.xed  periods  for  specified  injuries,  S5  minimum,  SIO  maximum,  full  wages  if  less  than  S5.  Payments 
may  be  computed  to  lump  sum.  Death  Ben. — Forty  per  cent,  of  weekly  wages  to  widow  or  dependent 
widower,  5%  additional  for  each  child,  total  not  to  exceed  60%;  if  no  parent,  25%;  if  one  or  two  children, 
10%  additional  tor  each  child  in  excess  of  two,  total  not  to  exceed  60%  if  no  consort  or  child  under  sixteen, 
but  dependent  parent,  brothers,  or  sisters,  15%  to  25%  of  wages.  Payments  ce.ase  on  death,  remarriage 
of  widow  or  widower,  or  child,  brother  or  sister  at  sixteen,  not  to  continue  beyond  300  weeks,  unless  for 
children  under  sixteen,  when  15%  will  be  paid  for  one,  and  10%  additional  for  each  additional  child,  total 
not  to  exceed  50%.    Basic  wages  are  not  less  than  SIO  nor  more  than  $20  weekly. 

PORTO  RICO,  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Workmen's  Relief  Commission,  with  limited  appeals  to  the  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — 
A  Workmen's  Relief  Trust  Fund  is  administered  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  Island.  Rights  not  assignable, 
nor  subject  to  attachment.  Employ.— All  employing  five  or  more,  except  domestic  service  and  agricultural 
work  without  mechanically  driven  machinery,  and  common  carriers  by  railroad.  Med.  and  Surg. — 
Necessary  medical  attendance  and  such  medicines  and  necessary  food  as  the  Workmen's  Relief  Commission 
may  prescribe;  food  supplies  granted  to  be  deducted  from  the  award.  Burial  expenses  not  exceeding  S40. 
Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm:. —  (a)  An  amount  equal  to  three-quarters  of  the  weekly 
wages,  not  less  than  S3  nor  more  than  S7,  for  not  more  than  104  weeks,  (b)  The  sum  of  81,500,  and  an 
amount  equal  to  three-quarters  of  the  weekly  wages,  not  less  than  S3  nor  more  than  S7,  for  a  maximum 
of  208  weeks.  Partial,  (b)  Perm. —  (b)  Payment  is  to  be  made  proportionate  to  permanent  total,  follow- 
ing payments  under  temporary  total  disability.  The  time  and  manner  of  payments  arc  to  be  determined 
by  the  Workman's  Relief  Commission.  Death  Ben. — Any  balance  of  the  sums  the  deceased  workman 
would  have  received  if  the  injuries  had  not  proved  fatal.  Benefits  may  be  apportioned  among  the  de- 
pendent legal  heirs  by  the  Workmen's  Relief  Commission. 

RHODE  ISLAND,  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Any  party  interested  may  petition  Superior  Court.  Appeals  to  the  Supreme  Court. 
Sec.  for  Comp. — Employer  must  insure,  give  proof  of  financial  ability,  or  furnish  secitflty  or  bond.  Insurers 
directly  liable  to  claimants.  Beneficiaries  have  first  lien.  Employ. — All  except  domestic  service  and 
agriculture,  if  employer  elects.  Defenses  in  suits  for  damages  not  abrogated  unless  more  than  five  persons 
employed.  Wait. — Two  weeks.  Med.  and  Surg. — Necessary  medical  and  siu-gical  care  and  hospital 
services  for  the  first  two  weeks.  If  no  dependents,  the  expense  of  the  last  sickness  and  burial,  not  over 
S200.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — A  weekly  payment  equal  to  one-half  the  wages,  not  less  than  S4  nor 
more  than  SIO  per  .week,  for  not  more  than  500  weeks.  Partial — A  weekly  payment  equal  to  one-half 
the  loss  of  earning  power,  not  exceeding  §10  per  week,  for  not  longer  than  300  weeks.  For  certain  specified 
injuries  (mutilations,  etc.),  in  addition  to  above,  one-half  the  wages,  weekly  payments  to  be  not  less  than 
•54  nor  more  than  SIO  per  week,  for  fixed  periods.  Payments  begin  on  the  fifteenth  day,  but  if  incapacity 
extends  beyond  four  weeks  they  begin  with  date  of  Injury.  Lump  sum  payments  may  be  substituted  by 
order  of  the  Superior  Court  after  compensation  has  been  paid  for  six  months  for  either  death  or  Injury. 
Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly  dependent,  a  weekly  payment  equal  to  one-half  the  average  weekly  earn- 
ings, not  less  than  $4  nor  more  than  SIO  per  week,  for  a  period  of  300  weeks.  If  only  partial  dependents 
survive,  a  sum  proportionate  to  the  amount  which  the  annual  contributions  bear  to  the  annual  earnings 
of  the  deceased,  for  not  over  300  weeks.  Payments  to  children  cease  on  their  reaching  eighteen  unless 
physically  or  mentally  incapacitated. 

SOUTH     DAKOTA,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Commissioner.  Arbitration  Committee,  one  representative  of  each  side  and 
the  Industrial  Commissioner.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance  required  unless  employer  can  furnish  proof 
of  financial  ability,  when  security  may  be  required.  Employ. — All  except  domestic,  farm  and  casual 
laborers,  and  employees  in  interstate  and  foreign  commerce.  Wait. — Fourteen  days.  Med.  and  Surg. — 
Medical  care  up  to  SlOO,  for  four  weeks.  If  no  dependents,  S150  for  burial.  Comp.  for  Total  Dis. — 
Fifty  per  cent,  of  earnings  uo  to  a  maximum  of  53,000,  or  four  times  average  annual  earnings.  Death 
Ben. — In  death  cases  practically  the  same  as  for  total  disability. 

TEXAS,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Accident  Board.  Appeals  to  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employers  must 
insure.  Compensation  is  payable  directly  by  the  insurance  association.  Benefits  are  unassignable,  and 
exempt  from  garnishment  attachment,  etc.  Employ. — All  except  domestic  and  farm  labor,  railways 
operated  as  common  carriers,  and  vessels  in  interstate  and  foreign  commerce.  Walt. — One  week.  Med. 
and  Surg. — Medical  and  hospital  care  lor  first  two  weeks  and  hospital  care  for  two  additional  weeks  if 
necessary.  If  no  beneficiaries  or  creditors,  expenses  of  last  illness  and  a  funeral  benefit  not  over  SlOO. 
Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — Sixty  per  cent,  of  average  weekly  wages,  not  less  than  S5  nor  more  than  S15, 
for  not  more  than  401  weeks.  Partial — Sixty  per  cent,  of  loss  of  earning  power,  not  over  $15  per  week 
nor  more  than  300  weelcs.  For  certain  specified  injuries  (mutilations,  etc.),  an  additional  compensation 
equal  to  60%  of  the  average  weekly  wages  for  fixed  periods,  not  less  than  S5  nor  more  than  $15  per  week, 
jn  lieu  of  all  other  compensation.  A  lump  sum  payment  may  be  substituted  for  weekly  payments  in  cases 
of  death  or  total  permanent  disability,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Industrial  Accident  Board.  Death 
Ben. — To  the  legal  beneficiary  a  weekly  payment  equal  to  60%  of  his  wageSi  not  less  than  $5  nor  more 
than  $15,  for  a  period  of  360  weeks,  distributed  according  to  law  governing  property  distribution. 

UTAH,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Commission.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employers  must  insure  or  be  liable  to  respond 
in  damages.  Employ. — Public  and  private  employers  of  four  or  more.  '  Agricultural,  domestic  and  casual 
laborers,  elected  officials,  and  employees  in  interstate  and  foreign  commerce  are  excluded.    Wait. — ^Ten 


572         Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States— Continued^ 

(lays.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical  care  up  to  S200.  S150  for  biirial.  Comp.  for  Total  Dls. — Fifty-five 
per  cent,  of  average  weekly  wages  for  five  years,  and  40%  thereafter.  Death  Ben. — Dependents  are 
paid  55%  of  wages  for  a  maximum  period  of  six  years. 

VERMONT,  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Commissioner  of  Industries.  Appeal  to  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance  required 
unless  deposit  of  security  or  proof  of  financial  respoasibility.  Employees  have  direct  recourse  to  insurer. 
Compensation  rights  are  preferred  claims.  Employ. — All  industrial  establishments  In  which  more  than 
ten  are  employed,  commerce  as  far  as  permissible  under  Federal  laws,  domestic  ard  casual  labor  excluded. 
Wait. — Seven  days.  Med.  and  Surg.— Medical  and  hospital  service  for  fourteen  days,  not  over  SIOO. 
SlOO  for  funeral  expenses  if  death  within  two  years.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — Fifty  per  cent,  of  weekly 
wages  for  not  more  than  260  weeks,  S3  minimum,  S12.50  maximum,  total  not  to  exceed  S4,000.  If  wages 
less  than  $3,  full  wages  will  be  paid.  Partial — Fifty  per  cent,  of  wage  decrease,  maximum  SIO,  for  not 
more  than  260  weeks.  For  certain  specified  injuries,  50%  of  weekly  wages,  but  no  .  more  than  SIO  for 
designated  periods  running  from  4  to  170  weeks.  Payments  may  be  commuted  to  one  or  more  lump  sums 
in  any  case.  Death  Ben. — To  dependent  widow  or  widower,  33 H%  of  weekly  wages,  407o  if  there  be 
one  or  two  children,  45%  if  more  than  two;  if  no  parent,  25%  to  one  or  two  children,  10%  additional  for 
each  child  in  excess  of  two,  total  not  to  exceed  40%;  if  no  consort  or  child  under  eighteen,  and  dependent 
parent,  grandparent,  or  grandchild,  15%  to  25%.  Payments  to  widow  cease  on  death  or  remarriage;  tp 
widower  on  remarriage  or  cessation  of  dependency;  to  children  on  reaching  eighteen,  unless  incapable,  in 
no  case  to  exceed  260  weeks  or  S3,500.  Payments  to  other  classes  end  in  20S  weeks  at  most.  Basic  wages 
not  less  than  §5  weekly. 

VIRGINIA,     1918. 

Adm.  Sys. — State  Commission  of  three.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Policies  inure  directly  to  employee. 
Claims  or  awards  have  same  preference  as  those  for  wages.  Employ. — All  except  domestic  service  and 
farm  labor,  and  steam  railroads;  includes  public  employment.  Walt. — Fovuteen  days.  Med.  and  Surg. 
— Medical  and  surgical  aid  by  employers  for  thirty  days.  Funeral  expenses  not  over  SIOO.  Comp.  for 
Dls.:  Total — Fifty  per  cent,  of  weekly  wages,  maximum  SIO,  minimum  S5,  total  for  disability  not  over 
500  weeks  or  34,000.  Partial,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. —  (b)  Act  has  schedule  for  permanent  partial,  loss 
of  thumb  so  much,  index  finger  so  much,  and  so  on.  (a)  50%  of  weekly  loss  during  disability,  not  more 
than  SIO  nor  over  300  weeks.  Death  Ben. — Not  more  than  300  weeks  or  54.000.  50%  of  average  weekly 
wages  to  dependents. 

WASHINGTON,     1917. 

Adm.  Sys. — Industrial  Insurance  Department.  Review  by  Superior  Court.  Appeals  from  Superior 
Court  as  in  other  civil  cases.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Accident  fund,  under  State  control.  Employ. — All 
extra-hazardous  employment,  including  mills,  factories,  workshops  where  machinery  is  used;  blast , furnaces, 
mines,  quarries,  and  wharves,  engineering,  logging,  lumbering,  building  trades,  telegraph,  telephonB,  and 
electric  lights,  etc.  Railroads  doing  interstate  business  are  excluded.  Wait. — Eight  days.  Med.  and 
Surg. — Proper  and  necessary  medical  and  surgical  services,  and  hospital  care  if  injuries  temporary;  if 
permanent,  until  awards  are  made  on  basis  of  nature  of  disability.  Expenses  of  burial  not  over  S75.  Comp. 
for  Dls.:  Total,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. —  (b)  If  unmarried,  $20  per  month;  if  with  a  wife  or  invalid  hus- 
band, but  no  child  under  sixteen,  S25  per  month;  if  husband  not  an  invalid,  S15  per  month;  if  married  or 
a  widow  or  widower  with  a  child  or  children  under^slxteen,  S5  additional  for  each  child,  total  not  to  exceed 
S3o;  If  so  helpless  as  to  require  attendant,  S20  per  month,  in  addition  to  other  benefits,  (a)  Payments 
as  for  (b)  during  disability,  increased  by  50%  for  first  six  months,  but  in  no  case  to  exceed  60%  of  monthly 
wages.  Partial,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. — (a)  Payment  as  for  total  disability  continues  in  proportion 
to  loss  of  earning  power,  provided  this  exceeds  5%.  (b)  For  specified  permanent  partial  disabilities,  lump 
sums  ranging  from  S500  to  S2,000;  others  to  be  compensated  proportionately;  if  the  injured  person  is  a 
minor,  the  parents  receive  an  additional  sum  equal  to  10%  of  the  award  to  the  injured  person.  Monthly 
payments  may  be  converted  into  a  lump  sum,  payment  not  over  S4,000,  in  case  of  death  or  permanent 
total  disability.  No  benefits  are  to  be  paid  for  the  first  eight  days,  unless  the  disability  continues  for  more 
than  thirty  days.  Death  Ben. — To  widow  or  invalid  widower,  a  monthly  payment  of  S20;  to  each  child 
under  sixteen,  S5  per  month,  total  not  over  S35;  if  no  parent,  SIO  to  each  child  under  sixteen,  total  not  to 
exceed  S35.  To  other  dependents,  if  none  above  survive,  a  monthly  payment  equal  to  50%  of  the  average 
amount  previously  contributed,  total  not  to  exceed  S20.  To  the  parent  or  parents  of  unmarried  minor, 
a  monthly  payment  of  S20,  until  he  would  have  been  twenty-one.  Payments  to  widow  or  widower  con- 
tinue until  death  or  remarriage,  and  to  a  child  until  sixteen.  If  a  widow  remarries  she  receives  a  lump 
sum  of  §240. 

WEST    VIRGINIA,     1915. 

Adm.  Sys. — Compensation  Commissioner;  limited  appeal  to  Supreme  Court.  Sec.  for  Comp.— 
Insurance  through  a  State  fund.  Employers  of  approved  ability  may  carry  own  risks,  giving  bond.  Pay- 
ments only  to  beneficiaries,  and  exempt  from  claims''of  creditore,  attachment  or  execution.  Employ. — 
All  except  domestic  or  agricultural  labor,  if  the  employer  becomes  a  member  of  the  State  Insurance  Fund. 
Wait. — One  week.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical,  nurse  and  hospital  serv'ices,  uot  over  S150  (S300  in  special 
cases).  Reasonable  funeral  expenses,  not  over  S75.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — For  permanent  total 
diiiability  (85%  or  above);  50%  of  the  average  weekly  wages  dming  life.  Partial,  (a)  Temp.;  (b)  Perm. 
—  (a)  60%  of  loss  of  earning  capacity,  not  more  than  SIO  per  week  nor  exceeding  26  weeks,  except  that 
foi."  certain  ununited  fractures,  etc.,  may  be  fifty-two  weeks,  (b)  50%  of  wages  lor  periods  varying  with 
degree  of  disability  (from  10  to  70%),  from  30  to  210  weeks;  from  70  to  85%  disability,  40%  of  wages  for 
lit}.  Lump  sum  payments  may  be  substituted  for  periodic  payments  in  case  of  either  injury  or  death. 
Death  Ben. — To  widow  or  inv.ilid  widower,  S20  per  month  and  S5  per  month  additional  for  each  child 
under  the  age  of  legal  employment,  total  not  to  exceed  S35  per  month.  To  orphan  child  or  children,  SIO 
each  per  month  until  fifteen,  total  not  over  S30  per  month.  To  other  persons  wholly  dependent,  If  no 
widow,  widower,  or  child,  50%  of  average  monthly  support  received  from  deceased  during  preceding  year, 
not  exceeding  820  per  month  for  six  years.  If  deceased  was  a  ."ingle  minor,  to  a  dependent  parent  50% 
of  earnings,  not  over  S6  per  week  imtil  he  would  have  become  twenty-one.  If  only  partial  dependents 
survive,  compensation  computed.  Payments  to  widow  or  widower  cease  on  remarriage,  and  to  children 
at  fifteen.     If  widow  or  widower  remarry  within  two  years,  to  be  paid  20%  of  balance  of  10  years. 

WISCONSIN,  1917. 
Adtn.  Sys. — Industrial  Commission;  limited  review  by  the  courts.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Employer 
must  give  proof  of  financial  ability  or  insure.  Claims  have  preference,  are  non-assignable,  and  exempt 
frc>m  attachment  or  execution.  Commission  may  require  deposits,  purchase  of  annuities,  or  the  giving 
of  bonds.  Employ. — All,  if  the  employer  elects.  Election  is  presumed  where  there  are  three  or  more 
employees,  except  as  to  agriculture  and  railroads.  Wait. —  One  week.  Med.  and  Surg. — Medical, 
BU'gieal,  and  hospital  treatment  for  ninety  daj's,  and  for  such  additional  time  as  will  in  judgment  of  com- 
mission lessen  the  period  of  compensation.  Artificial  limbs  supplied.  Reasonable  expense  of  burial,  up 
to  SIOO.  Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total — Sixty-five  per  cent,  of  average  weekly  earnings.  Partial — Sixty-five 
per  cent,  of  loss  of  earning  power.  For  certain  specific  injuries  (mutilations,  etc.),  a  sum  equal  to  65% 
of  average  weekly  earnings  for  fixed  periods,  ranging  from  6  to  320  weeks,  wtuch  include  the  time  for  healing. 


Compensation  Laws  of  the  Various  States— Continued.  573 


For  serious  pennanent  disfigurement,  a  lump  sum  may  be  allowed,  not  over  $750.  Payments  begin  with 
the  eighth  day,  but  if  disability  continues  for  twenty-eight  days,  benefits  are  payable  for  first  seven  days 
In  case  of  temporary  or  partial  disability,  aggregate  compensation  not  over  four  years'  earnings-  for  per- 
manent total  disabilities  payments  are  limited— nine  to  fifteen  years,  according  to  age  of  Injured  person 
I..ump  sum  payments  may  be  substituted  at  any  time  after  six  months.  Death  Ben. — To  persons  wholly 
dependent,  a  sum  equal  to  four  years'  earnings,  but  which  when  added  to  any  prior  compensation  will  not 
exceed  six  years'  earnings.  If  only  partial  dependents  survive,  a  sum  not  to  exceed  four  times  the  amount 
provided  for  their  support  during  the  preceding  year.  All  payments  are  to  be  made  In  weekly  instalments 
equal  to  6»%  of  the  average  weekly  earnings.  Dependence  of  children  ceases  at  eighteen,  unless  ohysicallv 
or  mentally  incapacitated.  f  n    ^     ii 

WYOMING.  1917. 
Adm.  Sys. — Disputes  settled  by  District  Courts  of  the  counties,  with  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  State.  Sec.  for  Comp. — Insurance  In  State  fund  required.  Insurance  under  State  control.  Pay- 
ments not  assignable,  nor  subject  to  attachment,  execution,  etc.  Employ. — Extra-hazardous  (enumerated 
list),  in  which  three  or  more  are  employed,  interstate  railroads  excepted;  use  of  explosives  and  work  ten 
feet  above  ground  included.     Wait. — Ten  days.     Med.   and   Surfi. — None.     S50  for  funeral  expenses 

unless  other  arrangement  exists  under  agreement.      Comp.  for  Dis.:  Total   (a)  Temp.;   (b)  Perm. 

(b)  Lump  sum  of  SI, 400  it  single,  SI, 600  if  wife  or  invalid  husband,  and  a  sum  equal  to  $60  per  year  for 
each  child  until  sixteen  years  old,  total  for  children  not  to  exceed  one  and  one-halt  times  the  Bum  allowed 
the  injured  worjiman.  (a)  SIS  per  month  if  single,  324  if  married,  and  S5  per  month  for  each  child  under 
sixteen,  total  monthly  payment  not  over  S.'55,  and  aggregate  not  to  exceed  the  amount  pavable  if  the  dis- 
ability were  permanent.  Partial  (b)  Perm. —  (b)  Ilxed  lump  sums  for  specified  injuries,  others  in  pro- 
portion. No  payments  tor  first  ten  days  miless  the  disability  continues  for  more  than  thirty  days.  Death 
Ben. — Lump  sum  payment  of  SI, 200  to  widow  or  invalid  widower,  and  an  additional  sum  equal  to  S60 
per  year  until  sixteen  for  each  child,  total  for  children  not  to  exceed  one  and  one-half  times  the  payments 
to  surviving  spouse.  If  there  are  dependent  parents  and  no  spotise  and  no  child  under  sixteen,  a  sum  equal 
to  50%  of  one  year's  contribution,  not  exceeding  S500.  Payments  to  non-resident  aliens,  beneficiaries 
are  limited  to  333^  %  of  the  above  amounts,  and  only  the  widow  and  children  under  sLxteea  are  considered. 

UNITED     STATES,     1916. 

Adm.  Sys. — United  States  Employees  Compensation  Commission.  Sec.  for  Comp. — No  provision 
for  insurance.  Payments  made  from  special  compensation  fund.  Employ. — All  civilian  employments 
of  the  United  States  Government  and  the  Panama  Railroad.  Walt. — Three  days.  Med.  end  Surg. — 
Reasonable  medical,  suigical,  and  hospital  services  and  supplies.  SlOO  burial  expenses,  and  transportation 
of  bodies  of  residents  of  the  United  States  dying  away  from  home,  if  relations  desire  it.  Comp.  for  Dls.: 
Total — 66%  %  of  the  monthly  pay  during  continuance  of  the  disability.  Partial — 00%  %  of  the  difference 
in  wage  earning  capacity  due  to  such  disabilitj'.  Payments  are  subject  to  the  same  maximum  and  mini- 
mum amounts  as  in  case  of  death.  Payments  on  account  of  death,  or  permanent  disability,  may  be  com- 
puted to  a  lump  sum.  Death  Ben. — To  widow  or  dependent  widower  alone,  35%  of  the  monthly  wages, 
with  10%  additional  for  each  cliild,  total  not  to  exceed  66%%.  To  dependent  parents,  25%  if  one,  40% 
If  both  are  dependent.  If  there  is  a  widow,  widower,  or  child,  the  parents'  rights  are  subordinate,  and  the 
total  awards  may  not  exceed  66%%.  Other  dependent  relatives  receive  benefits  in  smaller  amounts, 
subject  to  claims  of  foregoing.  Payments  to  widow  or  widower  terminate  on  death  or  remarriage,  to  a 
child  on  marriage,  reaching  eighteen.  Payments  to  other  beneficiaries  in  no  case  extend  beyond  eight 
years.  All  payments  subject  to  maximum  of  $66.67  per  month,  and  minimum  of  S33.33,  unless  actual 
earnings  are  less,  when  compensation  will  equal  earnings. 

WIDOWED  MOTHERS*  PENSIONS. 
(For  tabulated  provisions  of  the  various  acts  prior  to  1917,  see  Aimanac  of  that  year.) 

The  Maine  law  provides:  Cities  and  towns  sliall  aid  necessitous  mothers,  capable  of  bringing  up  chil- 
dren, at  home.  Aid  in  money  or  supplies  not  to  exceed  SIO  per  month  for  one  child  under  14,  $4  for  each 
additional  child.  State  Board  consists  of  State  Board  of  Charities  and  Correction,  Municipal  Board  of 
Overseers  of  Poor,  unless  towns  provide  special  board.  Applications  made  to  Municipal  Board,  which 
Investigates  and  reports  to  State  Board,  wliich  decides.  Deserted  wives  must  first  proceed  against  hus- 
bands. Towns  and  cities  furnishing  aid  reimbursed  by  State  to  extent  of  one-half.  Five  years'  residence 
in  State  requisite. 

The  Texas  law,  approved  by  Governor,  March  29,  1917,  provides:  Widow,  bona  fide  resident  of  State 
6,  of  county  2  yeare,  mother  of  child  under  16,  presents  verified  petition  to  County  Commissioners  (County 
Judge  acts  as  chairman),  containing  data  in  detail  as  to  death  of  husband,  births  of  children,  residences  for 
5  years,  when  and  where  married,  what  property  she  or  children  possess  (including  future  or  contingent 
interests),  names  and  residences  of  husband's  relatives.  It  board  concludes,  after  examination,  that  widow 
may  become  a  county  charge,  orders,  not  more  than  S12  per  month  for  one  child,  S18  for  two,  84  for  each 
additional.    Board  may  revoke  order  and  cancel  reUet  for  cause.     Its  action  in  all  cases  final. 

COMPULSORY  WORK  LEGISLATION  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  CANADA. 
(By  the  United  States  Department  of  Labor.) 

The  adoption  of  laws  looking  toward  the  useful  employment  of  all  the  working  forces  of  the  popu- 
lation as  a  war  emergency  measure  has  received  its  most  influential  indorsement  by  the  act  of  the  Legis- 
lature of  New  York,  whose  bill  on  this  subject  was  approved  by  Governor  Whitman  on  May  13,  1918. 
West  Virginia  was  the  first  State  to  enact  a  law  of  this  type,  except  for  a  Kansas  enactment  that  refusal  to 
accept  employment  should  be  Included  in  the  definition  of  "vagrancy,"  followed  by  Maryland  in  the  same 
year  (1917),  while  In  1918  New  Jersey,  Kentucky,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Delaware,  and  New  York 
took  similar  steps.  An  order  in  council,  April  4,  1918,  brings  the  Dominion  of  Canada  under  similar  regu- 
lation.    Habitual  idleness  or  refusal  to  accept  obtainable  work  is  Included  in  the  definitions  of  "sedition" 

The  New  York  statute  applies  to  all  able-bodied  males  between  the  ages  of  18  and  50,  requiring  them 
to  "be  habitually  and  regularly  engaged  in  some  lawful,  useful,  and  recognized  business,  profession,  occu- 
pation, trade  or  employment  until  the  termination  of  the  war."  Such  employment  must  continue  for  at 
least  36  hours  per  week,  noncompliance  with  the  law  being  punishable  by  a  fine  of  5100  or  three  months' 
imprisonment,  or  both.  Loitering  in  the  streets,  saloons,  poolrooms,  stores,  etc.,  is  considered  prima  facie 
evidence  of  violation  of  the  act.  Persons  out  of  employment  by  reason  of  labor  disputes  and  students  are 
exempt  from  the  operation  of  the  law,  but  a  claim  of  suflBcient  income  for  self-support  and  the  support  of 
dependents  will  not  suffice.  The  Governor's  approval  was  accompanied  by  a  memorandum  stating  that 
the  object  of  the  measure  was  to  require  contributions  by  all  able-bodied  males  toward  a  remedying  of  the 
conditions  due  to  the  present  shortage  of  labor.  Some  doubt  as  to  constitutionality  was  admitted,  yet 
the  measure  was  held  to  be  justified  if  it  would  produce  any  advantage,  however  small.  In  view  of  the  condi- 
tions involved  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  Another  point  mentioned  was  the  protection  of  the  State 
against  undesirable  persons  who  might  enter  it  to  escape  the  operations  of  the  law  of  New  Jersey. 


574  Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  1918. 

^Jjfef  jFeTifeval  antf  ^tate  Heflislatton  of  1918. 

(The  War  Revenue  act,  and  the  Agricultural  Appropriation  law  with  its  Federal  Prohibition  "rider," 
will  be  found,  separately,  elsewhere.) 

Note — Except  where  the  full  text  of  laws  is  given,  free  use  is  made  in  the  following  pages  of  the  re- 
port of  the  Committee  on  Noteworthy  Changes  in  Statute  Law.  Thomas  I.  Parlilnson,  chairman,  pre- 
sided at  the  meeting  of  tlie  American  Bar  Association  at  Cleveland  in  August,  1918;  the  otljprs  on  the 
committee  were  VV.  H.  Loyd,  D.  R.  Richberg,  J.  J.  Sullivan,  and  J.  N.  Teal. 

FEDERAL    ENACTMENTS. 

Moratorium-Stay  Laws — The  Federal  act  (No.  103,  approved,  March  8,  1918)  applies  to  proceed- 
ings in  all  the  courts.  Federal,  State  or  district,  in  the  country.  It  was  enacted  in  pursuance  of  the 
war  power,  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  persons  in  the  service  "from  harassment  and  injury  to  their  civil 
rights  during  their  term  of  service  and  to  enable  them  to  devote  their  entire  energy  to  the  military  needs 
of  the  nation."  It  does  not  interfere  with  the  commencement  of  actions  by  or  against  persons  in  the  ser- 
vice. It  does  not  exempt  such  persons  from  civil  process  or  as  a  matter  of  right  grant  a  stay  either  of  action 
or  of  execution.  Instead,  it  confers  upon  the  courts  wide  discretionary  powers  to  protect  the  civil  rights 
of  those  persons  In  the  service  whose  ability  to  prosecute  or  defend  an  action  to  comply  with  certain  con- 
tinuing contractual  liabilities,  or  to  satisfy  a  judgment,  is  materially  affected  by  such  service.  The  bene- 
llts  of  the  act  may,  in  the  discretion  of  the  court,  be  extended  to  sureties  and  guarantora  of  persons  in  the 
service.  Provision  is  made  for  certificates  by  the  War  and  Navy  Departments  which  are  prima  facie  evi- 
dence of  service  and  the  time  of  its  beginning  and  ending.  The  act  expires  six  months  after  the  end  of 
the  war. 

Many  of  the  States  have  enacted  statutes  providing  for  a  moratorium.  The  Maryland  law,  passed 
in  1917,  authorizes  the  Government  to  declare  successive  legal  holidays  with  the  same  effect  as  Sundays 
on  commercial  transactions  and  legal  rights  and  duties.  The  so-called  moratorium  laws  enacted  in  the 
other  States,  and  the  act  of  Congress,  are  laws  for  the  protection  of  the  civil  rights  of  persons  in  military 
service.  Mississippi  (Sp.  1917,  Ch.  36),  Montana  (Sp.  1918,  Ch.  8)  and  New  Jersey  (Ch.  128)  are  practi- 
cally duplicates  of  an  early  form  of  the  Federal  act  before  its  amendment  and  final  passage.  The  principal 
differences  between  these  State  acts  and  the  Federal  act  are  the  omission  from  the  former  of  the  insurance 
provisions  and   the   provisions  extending   protection  to  guarantors  and   sureties. 

Statute  of  Limitations — The  Federal  act  provides  that  the  period  of  military  service  is  to  be  excluded 
from  the  computation  of  time  limited  for  the  bringing  of  an  action  by  or  against  persons  in  the  service. 
This  applies  to  causes  of  action  accruing  prior  to  or  during  the  service  and  to  limitations  established  before 
or  after  the  passage  of  tlie  act.  Provisions  tolling  the  statutes  of  Umitatlons  are  contained  in  most  of  the 
State   acts   and   in    Maryland    (1917,    Ch.    19). 

Rent — The  Federal  act  postpones  for  three  montlis  the  landlord's  summary  remedies  without  resort 
to  a  court  by  eviction  or  distress  where  the  rent  does  not  exceed  50  dollars  and  the  premises  are  occupied 
as  a  dwelling  by  the  dependents  of  persons  in  the  service.  In  States  where  summary  remedies  to  secure 
possession  are  available  they  may  be  used  by  the  landlord  where  the  rent  exceeds  S50  per  month:  but  where, 
as  in  New  Yorlt,  eviction  involves  court  proceedings,  such  proceedings  might  be  stayed.  Except  in  Mary- 
land, where  actions  for  rent  are  expressly  excepted  from  the  stay  provisions,  the  State  acts  do  not  contain 
special  provision  for  rent  cases. 

Instalment  Contracts — The  Federal  act  takes  from  a  conditional  vendor  or  a  lessor  his  summary  reme- 
dies to  resume  possession  for  failure  to  pay  instalments  due  under  the  contract.  Possession  may  be  only 
resumed  under  order  of  the  court  and  may  be  made  dependent  on  the  return  of  instalment  payments  al- 
ready made.  Proceedings  to  recover  the  remaining  instalments  may  be  stayed  or  the  court  may  make 
other  equitable  disposition. 

Mortgages — The  Federal  act  makes  the  mortgagee's  summary  remedies  subject  to  an  order  of  court 
and  provides  for  a  stay  of  proceedings  on  the  mortgage.  This  provision  applies  only  to  "obligations  origi- 
nating prior  to  the  date  of  the-approval  of  this  act"  and  then  only  to  mortgages  upon  property  owned  by 
a  person  in  the  service  when  he  enters  the  service  as  well  as  at  the  time  of  application  for  the  stay. 

Insurance — Under  the  Federalact,  an  application  by  the  Insured  when  filed  by  the  insurer  oonstltutea 
an  acceptance  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  and  entitles  the  policy  to  the  benefits  of  the  act.  Certain  policies 
may  not  be  brought  within  this  act:  For  example,  those  for  more  than  S5,000  and  those  containing  a  pro- 
vision making  them  voidable  If  the  Insured  enters  the  military  service.  Policies  brought  within  the  act 
may  not  be  lapsed  or  forfeited  for  nonpayment  of  premium  during  service  or  for  one  year  thereafter,  but 
the  United  States  guarantees  the  insurer  against  loss.  This  Is  accomplished  by  requiring  the  insurer  to 
report  monthly  the  amount  of  premiums  on  policies  brought  within  the  act,  overdue  30  days,  and  by  re- 
quiring the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  deposit  with  the  Insurer  registered  United  States  bonds  as  security 
for  the  defaulted  premiums.  These  bonds  are  to  be  held  until  final  settlement,  which  is  to  take  place  one 
year  after  the  end  of  the  war.  The  United  States  Is  given  a  Hen  on  any  policy  which  it  thus  protects.  If 
the  insured  does  not  within  one  year  after  the  end  of  his  service  pay  his  defaulted  premiums,  the  policy 
is  to  be  void,  the  insurer  must  pay  the  cash  value  and  out  of  it  pay  the  defaulted  premiums.  It  on  final 
settlement  the  insurer  shows  a  loss  of  premiums,  the  United  States  is  to  pay  the  amount  of  the  loss,  where- 
upon the  bonds  deposited  with  the  insurer  are  to  be  returned. 

Taxes — The  Federal  act  prohibits  without  leave  of  court  any  proceeding  to  enforce  payment  of  a  tax 
or  assessment  on  real  property  owned  and  occupied  for  dwelling  or  business  purposes  by  a  person  in  the 
service  or  his  dependents,  provided  ability  to  pay  the  tax  is  materially  affected  by  the  service.  Proceed- 
ings In  such  cases  may  be  stayed  until  six  months  after  the  end  of  the  war.  In  case  of  sale  for  taxes,  a  right 
to  redeem  In  addition  to  that  given  by  the  laws  of  the  States  is  granted  for  a  period  of  six  months  after  the 
end  of  service.     These  tax  provisions  apply  only  to  taxes  on  real  estate. 

Administrative  Proceedings — The  Federal  act  protects"  men  In  the  service  from  the  loss  of  any  rights 
subject  to  the  public  land  laws. 

Federal  Farm  Loan  Board— The  report  of  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Board  having  disclosed  a  lack 
of  funds  available  for  farm  loans,  Congress  (No.  95)  authorized  the  treasury  to  purchase  in  each  of  the 
fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  1918,  and  1919,  100  million  dollars  of  the  bonds  issued  by  any  Federal  land 
bank.  The  provision  of  Federal  funds  to  enable  the  land  banks  to  make  advances  to  farmers  was  said  to 
be  essential  to  replace  foreign,  and  to  some  extent  private,  loans  withdrawn  because  of  conditions  due  to 
the  war.  ,     . 

Third  and  Fourth  Liberty  Bond  Acts — They  increased  to  520,000,000,000  the  sum  total  of  bonds 
authorlzed,'flxlng  the  maximum  interest  rate  at  4K  per  cent.  The  Third  Loan  act  provides  that  such  bonds 
shall  not  enjoy  the  privilege  of  conversion  if  future  issues  he  put  out  at  a  higher  rate  of  Interest,  but  they 
are  to  be  accepted  at  par  in  payment  of  Federal,  estate  or  inheritance  taxes.  It  authorizes  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  to  purchase  annually  not  exceeding  one-twentieth  of  any  series  of  such  bonds  outstanding 
(except  the  unconverted  3}-is)  at  such  price  and  on  such  terras  as  he  prescribes,  but  at  an  average  price  for 
all  purchases  in  any  year  not  exceeding  par.  The  Fourth  Loan  act  adds:  "Notwithstanding  the  provisions 
of  the  Second  Liberty  Bond  act,  as  amended  by  the  Third  Liberty  Bond  act,  or  of  the  War  Finance  Cor- 
poration act,  bonds  and  certificates  of  Indebtedness  of  the  United  States  payable  in  any  foreign  money  or 
foreign  moneys,  and  bonds  of  the  War  Finance  Corporation  payable  In  any  foreign  money  or  foreign  moneys 


Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  1918-~Continued.       575 

exclusively  or  in  the  alternative,  shall,  if  and  to  the  extent  expressed  in  such  bonds  at  the  time  of  their  is- 
sue, with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  while  beneflcially  owned  by  a  nonresident  alien 
Individual,  or  by  a  foreign  corporation,  partnership,  or  association,  not  engaged  in  business  in  the  United 
States,  be  exempt  both  as  to  principal  and  interest  from  any  and  all  taxation  now  or  hereafter  imposed 
by  the  United  States,  any  State,  or  any  of  the  possessions  of  the  United  Slates,  or  by  any  local  taxing  au- 
thority. Any  incorporated  bank  or  trust  company  designated  as  a  depositary  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  under  the  authority  conferred  by  section  eight  of  the  Second  Liberty  Bond  act,  as  amended  by 
the  Third  Liberty  Bond  act,  which  gives  security  for  such  deposits  as,  and  to  amounts,  bv  him  prescribed 
may,  upon  and  subject  to  such  terms  and  conditions  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  niay  prescribe,  act 
as  a  fiscal  agent  of  the  United  States  in  connection  with  the  operations  of  selling-  and  delivering  any  bonds, 
certificates  of  indebtedness  or  war  savings  certificates  of  the  United  States." 

War  Finance  Corporation  Act — In  this  act  (No.  121)  Congress  created  a  corporation  for  a  term 
not  exceeding  10  years  and  ending  six  months  after  the  end  of  the  war,  with  a  capital  stock  of  500  million 
dollars  subscribed  and  owned  entirely  by  the  United  States.  The  corporation  is  managed  by  a  board  of 
directors  consisting  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  lour  directors  appointed  by  the  President  with  the 
consent  of  the  Senate.  It  is  authorized  to  malce  advances  to  l)anks,  bankers  and  trust  companies  on  loans 
made  by  them  to,  or  bonds  purchased  by  them  from,  any  person  or  corporation  "conducting  an  established 
and  going  business  in  tlie  United  States  wliose  operations  shall  be  necessary  or  contributory  to  the  pros- 
ecution of  the  war."  The  corporation's  advances  shall  not  exceed  75  per  cent,  of  the  Jace  value  of  such 
loans  or  of  its  estimate  of  the  then  value  of  such  bonds.  The  bank  borrowing  from  the  corporation  must 
turn  over  to  -it  the  securities  held  by  the  bank  as  collateral  tor  the  loans  or  purcliases  upon  whicli  the  cor- 
poration makes  advances.  If,  in  addition  to  turning  over  all  such  collateral,  the  borrowing  bank  deposits 
with  the  corporation  additional  securities  valued  at  33  per  cent,  of  the  amount  advanced  by  the  corporation, 
the  amount  so  advanced  may  be  equal  to  100  per  cent,  of  the  bank's  loan  or  purchase.  The  corporation 
is  authorized  in  its  discretion  to  make  advances  to  savings  banks  and  institutions,  but  must  require  collateral 
valued  at  133  per  cent,  of  the  amount  of  the  advance  and  of  interest  at  least  1  per  cent,  in  excess  of  the 
prevailing  Federal  Reserve  Bank  discount  rate.  The  corporation  is  authorized  to  make  direct  advances 
to  establish  business  concerns  "whose  operations  shall  be  necessary  or  contributory  to  the  prosecution  of 
the  war,"  where  they  are  unable  to  obtain  funds  or  reasonable  conditions  from  the  banks.  Such  direct 
loans  to  business  shall  not  exceed  12  H  per  cent,  of  the  corporation's  authorized  capital  and  bonds  {S437,- 
500,000),  which  is  almost  equal  to  the  authorized  capital.  Aggregate  advances  to  any  one  person  or  cor- 
poration are  not  to  exceed  10  per  cent,  of  the  corporation's  capital;  but  this  does  not  apply  to  advances 
to  railroads.  The  corporation  is  also  authorized  to  issue  not  exceeding  three  billion  dollars  in  five-year 
bonds,  which  are  to  have  "a  first  and  paramount  floating  charge  on  all  the  assets  of  the  corporation." 

This  War  Finance  Coriwration  act  .also  created  "a  Capital  Issues  Committee,"  with  power  to  "investi- 
gate, p.ass  upon  and  determine  whetiifT  i."  io  compatible  with  the  national  interest"  that  any  issue  over 
$100,000  should  be  offered  for  sale.  Ji;:i.-;aittion  did  not  extend  to  ordinary  borrowing,  but  only  to  sales 
of  securities.  The  rommitte  •  t:y.ik  the  place  of  a  siniiiiiriy  named  committee  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board, 
Issues  authorized  by  the  committee  are  in  no  way  guaranteed  by  the  United  States. 

Silver-Melting  Law — This  act  (No.  139)  authorizes  the  melting  of  350,000,000  silver  dollars  in  the 
treasury  and  the  sale  and  export  of  the  resulting  bulliou  to  settle  our  commercial  trade  balances,  especially 
In  the  Orient.  As  the  silver  dollars  are  converted  into  bullion,  sliver  certificates  now  circulating  must  be 
retired.  To  prevent  the  contraction  in  currency  which  this  retirement  of  silver  certificates  would  involve, 
this  law  authorizes  an  equivalent  issue  of  Federal  Reserve  notes  which  are  in  turn  to  be  retired  as  new  silver 
dollars  are  coined  and  deposited  in  the  treasury  as  the  basis  for  the  issuance  of  future  sliver  certificates. 
By  providing  for  the  purchase  by  the  United  States  at  one  dollar  an  ounce  of  practically  all  silver  produced 
in  this  country,  this  law  also  has  the  effect  of  fixing  the  price  of  silver.  The  silver  so  purchased  may  like- 
wise be  used  for  the  settlement  of  adverse  trade  balances   for  coinage  and  for  commercial  purposes. 

Importation  of  Mexican  Workmen — Because  of  an  announced  shortage  in  unskilled  labor  the 
Secretary  of  Labor,  William  B.  Wilson,  issued  an  order  (Jime  20)  permitting  Mexicans  to  enter  temporarily 
the  United  States  to  engage  in  agricultural  pursuits,  in  railroad  section  maintenance,  and  In  lignite  coal 
mining  be  exempt  from  the  head  tax,  literacy  test  and  contract  labor  provisions  of  previous  rulings.  This 
supplemented  a  previous  order  by  which  Porto  Rican  laborers  were  to  be  brought  into  this  country  for 
work  on  Government  contracts.  The  Federal  Employment  Service  was  put  in  charge  of  the  distribution 
of  Mexican  labor,  and  branch  offices  were  opened  at  all  Mexican  ports  of  entry.  Special  examiners  familiar 
with  the  Mexican  language  and  labor  conditions  in  that  country  were  assigned  to  assist  local  imimgration 
inspectors.  The  law  provides  that  if  an  alien  fails,  after  admission,  to  accept  employment  In  the  stipu- 
lated occupations  of  agriculture,  maintenance  of  way  on  railroads  or  lignite  coal  mining,  or,  after  entering 
on  such  employment,  abandons  it  for  some  other  occupation  or  remains  idle  for  over  two  weeks  except  by 
reason  of  illness  or  other  dieabiUt>',  it  is  provided  that  he  shall  be  immediately  arrested  and  deported  under 
the  regular  warrant  procedure.  It  is  further  provided  that  all  Mexican  laborers  at  the  time  of  their  ad- 
mission shall  open  a  -ijostal  savings  account  at  their  port  of  entry.  Employers  shall  then  withhold  from  the 
workman's  wages  25  cents  for  each  day's  service,  which  will  be  deposited  to  his  credit  in  the  local  postal 
savings  bank,  available  to  him,  with  interest,  when  he  leaves  the  country.  After  the  aggregate  withheld 
lor  each  workman  totals  SlOO  only  SI  a  month  will  be  held  and  deposited  to  his  credit  in  like  manner. 

Webb  Act  to  Promote  United  States  Export  Trade  by  Combination  (Approved  April  10,  1918). — 
This  act,  which  amends  the  Sherman  and  Clayton  Anti-Trust  laws  and  to  that  extent  limits  the  powers 
of  -prosecution  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commission,  says  as  follows:  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled.  That  the  words  "export  trade" 
wherever  used  in  this  act  mean  solely  trade  or  commerce  in  goods,  wares  or  merchandise  exported  or  in 
the  course  of  being  exported  from  the  United  States  or  any  territory  thereof  to  any  foreign  nation;  but 
the  words  "export  trade"  shall  not  be  deemed  to  include  the  production,  manufacture  or  selling  for  con- 
sumption or  for  resale,  within  the  United  States  or  any  territory  thereof,  of  such  goods,  wares  or  merchan- 
dise, or  any  act  in  the  course  of  such  production,  manufacture,  nor  selling  for  consumption  or  for  re- 
sale. The  words  "trade  within  the  United  States"  wherever  used  in  this  act,  mean  trad3  or  commerce  among 
the  several  States  or  in  any  territory  of  the  United  States,  or  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  between  any 
such  territory  or  territories  and  any  State  or  States  or  the  District  of  Columbia,  or  between  the  District 
of  Columbia  and  any  State  or  States.  The  word  "association"  wherever  used  in  this  act  means  any  cor- 
poration or  combination,  by  contract  or  otherwise,  of  two  or  more  persons,  partnerships  or  corporations. 

Section  2 — Nothing  contained  in  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  protect  trade  and  commerce  against  un- 
lawful restraints  and  monopolies,"  approved  July  2,  1890,  shall  be  construed  as  declaring  to  be  illegal  an 
association  entered  into  for  the  sole  purpose  of  engaging  in  export  trade  and  actually  engaged  solely  in  such 
export  trade  by  such  association,  provided  such  association,  agreement  or  act  is  not  in  restraint  of  trade 
within  the  United  States,  and  is  not  in  restraint  of  the  export  trade  of  any  domestic  competitor  of  such 
association:  And  provided  further.  That  such  association  does  not,  either  in  the  United  States  or  elsewhere, 
enter  into  any  agreement,  understanding  or  conspiracy  or  do  any  act  which  artificially  or  Intentionally, 
enhances  or  depresses  prices  with  the  United  States  of  commodities  of  the  class  exported  by  such  associ- 
ation, or  which  substantially  lessens  competition  within  the  United  States  or  otherwise  restrains  trade  therein. 

Section  3 — Nothing  contained  in  section  seven  of  the  act  entitled  "An  act  to  supplement  existing  laws 
against  unlawful  restraints  and  monopolies,  and  for  other  purposes,"  approved  October  15,  1914,  shall  be 
construed  to  forbid  the  acquisition  or  ownership  by  any  corporation  on  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  stock 


576       Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  1918 — Continued. 

or  other  capital  of  any  corporation  organized  solely  for  the  purpose  of  engaging  in  export  trade,  and  actually 
engaged  solely  in  such  export  trade,  unless  the  eHect  of  such  acquisition  or  ownership  may  be  to  restrain 
trade  or  substantially  lessen  competition  with  the   United  States. 

Section  4 — The  prohibition  against  "unfair  methods  of  competition"  and  the  remedies  provided  for 
enforcing  said  proliibition  contained  in  the  act  entitled  "An  Act  to  create  a  Federal  Trade  Commission, 
to  define  its  powers  and  duties,  and  tor  other  purposes,"  approved  September  26,  1914,  shall  be  construed 
as  extending  to  unfair  methods  of  competition  used  in  export  trade  against  competitors  engaged  in  export 
trade,  even  though  the  acts  constituting  such  unfair  methods  are  done  without  the  territorial  jurisdiction 
of  the  United  States. 

Section  5 — Every  association  now  engaged  solely  in  export  trade,  within  sixty  days  after  the  passage 
of  this  act,  and  every  association  entered  into  hereafter,  "which  engages  solely  in  export  trade,  within  thirty 
days  after  its  creation,  shall  file  with  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  a  verified  written  statement  setting 
forth  the  location  of  its  offices  or  places  of  business  and  the  names  and  addresses  of  all  its  officers  and  of 
all  its  stockholders  or  members,  and  if  a  corporation,  a  copy  of  its  certificate  or  articles  of  incorporation 
and  by-laws,  and  if  unincorporated  a  copy  of  Its  articles  or  contract  of  association,  and  on  January  1  of 
each  year  thereafter  it  shall  make  a  like  statement  of  the  location  of  its  offices  or  places  of  business  and 
the  names  and  addresses  of  all  its  ofilcers  and  of  all  its  stockholders  or  members  and  of  all  amendments 
to  and  changes  in  lis  articles  or  certificate  of  incorporation  or  in  its  articles  or  contract  of  association.  It 
shall  also  furnish  to  the  commission  such  Information  as  the  commission  may  reqtjire  as  to  its  organization, 
business,  conduct,  practices,  management,  and  relation  to  other  associations,  corporations,  partnerships, 
and  individuals.  Anv  aasocia.tlon  which  shall  fail  so  to  do  shall  not  have  the  benefit  of  the  provisions  of 
section  2  and  section" 3  of  this  act,  and  it  shall  also  forfeit  to  the  United  States  the  sum  of  SlOO  fpreach 
and  every  day  of  the  continuance  of  sucn  failure,  which  forfeiture  shall  be  payable  into  the  Treasury  of 
the  United  States,  and  shall  bo  recoverable  in  a  civil  suit  in  the  name  of  the  United  States  brought  in  the 
district  where  the  association  has  its  principal  office,  or  in  any  district  in  which  it  shall  do  business.  It 
siiall  be  the  duty  of  the  various  district  attorneys,  under  the  direction  of  the  Attorney  General  of  the  United 
States,  to  prosocut*  for  the  recovery  of  the  forfeiture.  The  costs  and  expenses  of  such  prosecution  shall 
be  paid  out  of  the  appropriation  for  the  expenses  of  the  courts  of  the  United  States. 

Whenever  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  shall  l:ave  reason  to  believe  that  an  association  or  any 
agreement  made  or  act  done  by  such  association  is  in  restraint  of  trade  within  the  United  States  or  in  re- 
straint of  the  export  trade  of  a,ny  domestic  competitor  of  such  association,  or  that  an  association  either 
in  the  United  States  or  elsewhere  has  entered  into  any  agreement,  understanding,  or  conspiracy,  or  done 
any  act  which  artificially  or  intentionally  enhances  or  depresses  prices  within  the  United  States  of  commodi- 
ties of  the  class  exported  by  .such  association,  or  which  substantially  lessens  competition  within  the  United 
States  or  otherwise  restrains  trade  therein,  it  shall  summon  such  association,  its  officers,  and  agents  to  ap- 
pear before  it,  ana  tnereafter  conduct  an  investigation  into  the  alleged  violations  of  law.  Upon  investigation, 
if  it  shall  conclude  tliat  the  law  has  been  violated,  it  may  make  to  such  association  recommendations  for 
the  readjustment  of  its  business,  in  order  that  it  may  thereafter  maintain  its  organization  and  manage- 
ment and  conduct  its  business  in  accordance  with  law.  If  such  association  falls  to  comply  with  the  recom-* 
mendatious  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commission,  said  commission  shall  refer  its  findings  and  recommenda- 
tions to  the  Attorney  General  of  the  United  States  for  such  action  thereon  as  he  may  deem  proper.  For 
the  purpose  of  enforcing  these  provisions  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  shall  have  all  tlie  powers,  so  far 
as  applicable,  given  it  in  "An  Act  to  create  a  Federal  Trade  Commission,  to  define  its  powers  and  duties, 
and  for  other  purposes." 

The  Solicitor  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  has  given  an  ofHcial  opinion  to  the  effect  that  the  Webb 
law  frees  "all  aesociatlons  engaged  in  the  'export  trades'  as  defined  in  section  1  and  not  engsged  in  the  im- 
port trade  from  all  statutory  ifetralnts  which  may  interfere  with  their  competition  with  those  engaged 
in  supplying  the  market  of  the  world  outside  the  territorial  jurisdiction  of  the  United  Slates,  but  not  from 
such  statutory  restraints  as  may  affect  their  domestic  trade  or  their  competition  with  domestic  compctl- 
toi-s  In  the  foreign  trade."  He  holds,  further,  that  the  act  "does  not  apply  to  associations  whose  business 
may  be  confined  to  trade  within  the  United  States  and  its  territorial  possessions,  such  as  the  Philippines, 
Porto  Rico,  Hawaii,  and  Alaska,  nor  to  associations  engaged  in  the  import  trade,  whether  also  engaged 
in  the  export  trade  or  not." 

Extension  of  Clause  In  Clayton  Act — Congress  by  resolution  (No.  20)  has  deferred  until  January, 
1919,  the  taking  cflect  of  section  10  of  the  Clayton  act.  That  section  prohibited  any  common  carrier  deal- 
ing in  the  securities  or  commercial  articles  of,  or  making  any  contract  exceeding  850,000  annually  with, 
any  corporation  or  association  if  any  director  or  officer  of  the  carrier  is  also  a  director  or  officer  of  such  cor- 
poration or  association  or  has  any  substantial  interest  in  the  contract. 

Railroad  Control  Law — By  rider  attached  to  the  Appropriation  act  (August  29,  1916),  the  President 
was  authorized  "to  take  possession  and  assume  control  of  any  system  or  systems  of  transportation  or  any 
part  thereof  and  to  utilize  the  same  to  the  exclusion,  so  far  as  may  be  necessary,  of  all  other  traffic  thereon 
for  the  transfer  or  transportation  of  troops,  war  material  and  equipment,  or  for  such  other  purposes  con- 
nected with  the  emergency  as  may  be  needful  or  desirable."  This  provision  was  aimed  at  the  emergency 
on  the  Mexican  border  and  the  threatened  railway  strike,  but  was  not  limited  to  that.  The  railroads  were 
placed  under  Government  control  by  an  executive  proclamation,  December  28,  1917.  Congress  enacted 
the  Railroad  Control  law  (No.  107),  In  March,  1918.  authorizing  the  President  to  contract  with  the  com- 
panies lor  the  payment  of  an  annual  sum  not  exceeding  a  specified  maximum,  to  be  deteiTQined  for  each 
road  by  the  average  annual  railway  operating  income  during  the  three  years  ending  June  30,  1917.  The 
Government  will  pay  all  taxes.  State  or  Federal,  assessed  during  the  period  of  Federal  control,  except  the 
excess  profits  tax  and  the  corporate  income  tax.  These  latter  must  be  paid  by  the  company  out  of  the 
payments  made  to  it  by  the  Government.  With  respect  to  the  effect  of  Government  control  on  State  tax- 
ation of  the  railroads,  the  act  expressly  provides  that  it  shall  not  affect  "existing  laws  or  powers  of  the 
States  in  relation  to  taxation."  A  provision  inserted  in  conference  limiting  Increased  State  taxes  on  rail- 
roads undei  Government  control  to  the  percentage  of  increase  of  the  State  taxes  on  other  property  in  the 
State  was  dropped  from  the  bill  just  before  its  final  passage. 

The  President  is  authorized  to  initiate  rates,  but  they  are  required  to  be  "reasonable  and  just"  and  they 
are  subject  to  review  by  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  The  act  directs  the  commission  to  con- 
sider when  reviewing  the  President's  rates  the  circumstances  caused  by  war  conditions  and  the  need  for 
additional  railroad  revenues.  The  law  contemplates  suits  against  the  companies  on  both  tort  and  con- 
tract liabilities  arising  from  operation  of  the  roads  and  provides  that  in  such  suits  the  company  shall  not 
make  defense  on  the  ground  that  it  Is  an  agency  of  the  Federal  Government.  Federal  control  is  to  con- 
tinue during  the  war  and  not  exceeding  one  year  and  nine  months  after  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of 
peace.  .  ,  .,       , 

Congress  (No.  138)  authorizes  the. Government  to  take  control  of  street  and  interurban  railroads  nec- 
essary for  the  transportation  of  shipyard  employees. 

Sedition  (Espionage) — Congress  (No.  150)  amends  Section  3  of  the  Espionage  act  to  include  those 
who  wilfully  utter,  print,  write  or  publish  (a)  disloyal,  profane,  abusive  or  scurrilous  language  about  our 
Government,  constitution,  military  forces  or  their  uniforms  or  flag,  or  (b)  language  intended  to  incite  or 
encourage  resistance  to  the  United  States  or  promote  the  cause  of  its  enemies,  or  (c)  language  advocating 
curtailment  of  production  of  things  necessary  to  the  prosecution  of  the  war  with  the  intent  to  cripple  such 
prosecution,  or  (d)  wlio  wilfully  display  the  flag  of  a  foreign  enemy,  or  (e)  who  advocate  or  defend  any  ol 


Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  191 8 —Continued.      577 

the  above  acts.  Violators  are  subject  to  SIO.OOO  fine  or  imprisonment  for  not  more  than  20  years.  A 
Government  employee  or  official  is  also  to  be  dismissed  at  once  "by  the  authority  having  power  to  appoint 
a  successor."     The  postmaster  may  stop  and  return  seditious  mail. 

The  Espionage  act,  passed  by  Congress  in  1917,  and  published  in  full  in  the  1918  Almanac,  forbids 
going  upon  or  nying  over  military  or  naval  places,  vessels  or  buildings  to  obtain  information  to  be  used 
to  injure  United  States  or  to  advantage  of  foreign  nation,  forbids  the  obtaining  or  making  of  sketches,  photo- 
graphs or  copies  of  plans,  places,  buildings,  code  or  signal  books,  instruments  or  appliances  relating  to  na- 
tional defence  or  offense,  or  wilfully  or  tiirough  gross  neglect  permitting  copies,  etc.  to  be  made;  or  plans, 
documents,  etc.,  to  be  removed  from  proper  custody;  forbids  the  delivery,  transmitting  or  communicating 
of  information  of  movements,  numbers,  amount,  disposition,  etc.,  of  armed  forces,  ships,  aircraft  or  war 
materials;  the  wilful  making  or  conveying  of  false  reports,  causing  or  trying  to  cause  insubordination,  the 
obstructing  of  recruiting.  Penalties  for  violations  run  from  fines  up  to  820,000,  imprisonment  2  to  30 
years,  to  death.  The  Secretary  of  tlie  Treasury  (in  Canal  Zone,  Governor  of  Panama  Canal)  is  author- 
ized to  make  rules  and  regulations,  with  approval  of  President,  governing  anchorage  and  movements  of 
vessels  in  United  States  ports,  to  inspect  and  place  guards  on,  or  take  full  possession  and  control  of  them. 
Interference  may  be  punished  by  forfeiture  of  vessel  and  cargo.  Injuring  vessels  engaged  in  foreign  com- 
merce, and  interference  with  foreign  commerce  by  fire  or  e.xplosives,  punished  by  fines  up  to  810,000,  or 
imprisonment  up  to  20  years.  To  enforce  neutrality  vessels  may  be  detained  or  clearances  refused,  and 
persons  belonging  to  armed  forces  of  belligerents  may  be  interned.  Arms,  munitions  or  war  and  other 
articles  intended  for  export,  attempted  to  be  taken  out  in  violation  of  law,  may  be  seized  and  condemned. 
Claimants  and  owners  may  institute  proceedings  for  i-estoi'ation,  conforming  as  near  as  may  be  to  pro- 
ceedings in  admiralty,  except  that  either  party  may  demand  the  trial  of  issues  of  fact  by  jury.  The  Presi- 
dent may  by  proclamation  declare  certain  exports  in  time  of  war  unlawful. 

The  making  of  untrue  statements  in  relation  to  controversies  between  United  States  and  foreign  Gov- 
ernments to  influence  measures  of  conduct  of  foreign  Government  of  or  United  States  to  injury  of  United 
States;  falsely  assuming  or  pretending  to  be  diplomatic,  consular  or  other  foreign  official,  or  acting  as  agent 
of  foreign  Government  without  notice  to  Secretary  of  State;  conspiracies  by  persons  within  United  States 
jurisdiction  to  destroy  property  belonging  to  and  within  foreign  countries  with  which  United  States  is  at 
peace,  or  to  destroy  railroads,  canals  or  bridges — punished  by  fines,  imprisonment  or  both.  Foreign  Gov- 
ernment, as  used  in  this  act,  includes  any  Government,  faction  or  body  of  insurgents  within  a  country  with 
which  the  United  States  is  at  peace,  whether  such  Government,  faction  or  body  of  Insurgents  has  or  has 
not  been  recognized  by  the  United  States  as  a  Government. 

Applicants  for  passports  must  submit  written  application,  verified,  containing  true  recitals  of  all  facts 
requu-ed  by  law  to  be  given.  Making  false  statements  to  procme  passports,  using  passports  issued  to  or 
designed  for  another,  or  in  violation  of  its  conditions  or  restrictions;  delivering  a  passport  to  any  person 
for  use  by  another  than  one  intended  for;  forging,  counterfeiting,  mutilating  or  altering,  intending  to  use 
same — all  punished  by  fine,  imprisonment,  or  both.  Wrongfully  affixing  seal  of  any  executive  depart- 
ment, bureau,  commission  or  office  of  United  States;  knowingly  using  document,  eertiflcaie,  instrument 
or  commission  on  which  seal  has  been  wrongfully  affixed;  and  forging,  counterfeiting,  mutilating  or  alter- 
ing official  seals  or  naval,  military  or  official  passes  or  permits,  usiug  one  issued  to  another,  or  imperson- 
ating another,  or  knowingly  permitting  such  use,  punished  by  fine  or  imprisonment. 

Search  warrants  may  be  issued  by  a  Judge  of  United  States  District  Court,  a  Judge  of  a  State  or  Terri- 
torial Court  of  record,  or  by  United  States  Commissioner  lor  district  wherein  property  sought  is  located: 
cannot  be  issued  but  upon  probable  cause  supported  by  affidavit,  naming  or  describing  the  person  and 
particularly  describing  the  property  and  place  to  be  searched;  can  only  be  served  by  an  officer  named  in 
Its  direction,  who,  if  refused  admittance,  may  break  in;  becomes  void  unless  served  within  ten  days  of  date; 
may  be  issued  to  obtain  possession  of  property  of  papers  intended  to  be  used  to  violate  any  rights  or  ob- 
ligations of  United  States  under  any  treaty  or  law  of  nations.  Letters,  circulars,  pamphlets,  etc.,  advocating 
treason,  insurrection  or  forcible  resistance  to  the  laws,  or  in  violation  of  any  provision  of  this  act,  declared 
non-mallable.  Attempting  to  use  the  mails  for  the  sending  of  non-mailable  matter  punishable  by  fine 
up  to  85,000,  imprisonment  up  to  5  years,  or  both. 

What  Constitutes  Seditious  Publication — The  Postmaster-General,  by  order  of  the  President, 
announces  that  under  the  war  acts  and  the  Constitution  it  is  unlawful  for  any  person,  firm,  corporation, 
or  association,  to  mail,  or  to  transport,  or  carry,  or  otherwise  publish  or  distribute  during  the  present  war 
any  printed  or  other  matter — 

(1)  Advocating  or  urging  treason,  insurrection,  or  forcible  resistance  to  any  law  of  the  United  States. 

(2)  Any  matter  conveying  false  reports  or  false  statements  intended  to  interfere  with  the  operation 
or  success  of  the  military  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States,  or  to  promote  the  success  of  its  enemies. 

(3)  Any  matter  intended  to  cause  insubordination,  disloyalty,  mutiny,  or  refusal  of  duty  In  the  mili- 
tary or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States. 

(4)  Any  matter  intended  to  obstruct  the  recruiting  or  enlistment  service  of  the  United  States,  to  the 
injury  of  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

(5)  Any  matter,  the  circulation  or  publication  of  which  involves  the  violation  of  any  of  the  numer- 
ous other  criminal  provisions  of  the  espionage  act,  but  which  are  not  of  special  interest  to  publishers. 

(6)  Any  matter  printed  in  a  foreign  language  containing  any  news  item,  editorial,  or  other  printed 
matter  respecting  the  Government  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  nation  engaged  in  the  present  war,  its 
policies,  international  relations,  the  state  or  conduct  of  war,  or  any  matter  relating  thereto,  unless  the  pub- 
lisher or  distributor  thereof,  on  or  before  offering  the  same  for  mailing,  or  in  any  manner  distributing  It  to 
the  public,  has  filed  with  the  postmaster  at  the  place  of  publication,  in  the  form  of  an  affidavit,  a  true  and 
complete  translation  of  the  entire  article,  containing  such  matter  proposed  to  be  published,  and  has  caused 
to  be  printed  on  each  copy  thereof,  in  plain  type  in  the  English  language,  at  the  head  of  such  item,  editorial, 

or  other  matter,  the  words,  "True  translation  filed  with  the  postmaster  at ,  on (the  name  of  the 

post-office  where  the  translation  was  filed,  and  the  date  of  filing  thereof),  as  required  by  Section  19  of  the 
act  of  October  6,  1917." 

(7)  Any  matter  referred  to  in  the  preceding  paragraph  for  which  publishers  have  been  granted  a  per- 
mit to  circulate,  free  of  restrictions  named  therein,  but  which  does  not  bear  at  the  head  thereof  in  plain 
type  in  the  English  language  the  words: 

Published  and  distributed  under  permit  No.  —  (here  giving  the  number  of  the  permit),  authorized 
by  the  act  of  October  6,  1917,  on  file  at  the  post-office  of (here  giving  the  name  of  the  office  of  pub- 
lication). 

Sabotage — Congress  (No.  13r>)  imposes  a  maximum  punishment  of  $10,000  fine  and  30  years  im- 
prisonment on  any  person  who  with  intent  to  or  with  reason  to  believe  that  his  act  may  injure  or  obstruct 
the  United  States  (or  any  other  nation  at  war  with  a  nation  with  which  the  United  States  is  at  war)  In  pro- 
secuting the  war,  wilfully  injures  or  destroys  (a)  any  article  "intended  for,  adapted  to  or  suitable  fur  use" 
by  the  United  States  in  connection  with  the  war;  (b)  or  any  place  where  such  articles  are  being  produced, 
stored  or  transported;  (e)  or  any  military  or  naval  station;  (d)  or  any  means  of  transportation,  including  ships 
at  sea;  or  (e)  any  plant  or  equipment  furnishing  water,  light,  heat,  power  or  facilities  of  communication 
to  any  of  the  places  aboye  mentioned.  Like  punishment  is  imposed  on  any  person  who  with  similar  intent 
wilfully  makes  or  attempts  to  make  in  a  defective  manner  any  war  material,  tools,  machines,  etc.,  used  in 
the  production  of  war  materials.  The  act  says:  "The  words  'war  material,'  as  used  herein  shall  Include 
arms,  armament,  ammunition,  live  stock,  stores  of  clothing,  food,  foodstuffs,  or  fuel;  and  shall  also  Include 


578       Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  1918 — Continued. 

supplies,  muuitions,  and  all  other  articles  ol  whatever  description,  and  any  part  or  inBrodient  thereof,  in- 
tended lor,  adapted  to,  or  suitable  for  the  use  ol  the  United  States,  or  any  associate  nation,  in  connection 
with  the  conduct  oJ  the  war.  The  words  'war  premises,"  as  used  herein,  shall  include  all  buildings,  grounds, 
mines,  or  other  places  wherein  such  war  material  is  being  produced,  manufactured,  repaired,  stored,  mined, 
extracted,  distributed,  loaded,  unloaded  or  transported,  together  with  all  machinery  and  apiHiances  therein 
contained;  and  all  lorts,  arsenals,  navy  yards,  camps,  prisons,  or  other  military  or  naval  stations  of  the 
United  States,  or  any  associate  nation.  The  words  'war  utiUtics,'  as  used  herein,  shall  include  all  railroads, 
railways,  electric  lines,  roads  of  whatever  description,  railroad  or  railway  fixture,  canal,  lock,  dam,  wharf, 
pier,  dock,  bridge,  building,  structure,  engine,  machine,  mechanical  contrivance,  car,  veliicle,  boat,  or  air- 
craft, or  any  other  meaas  of  transportation  whatsoever,  whereon  or  whereby  such  war  material  or  any 
troops  of  the  United  States,  or  of  any  associate  nation,  are  being  or  may  be  transported  either  witliin  the 
limits  of  the  United  States  or  upon  the  high  seas;  and  all  dams,  reservoirs,  aqueducts,  water  and  gas  mains 
and  pipes,  structures  and  buildings,  whereby  or  In  connection  with  which  water  or  gas  is  being  furnished, 
or  may  be  furnished,  to  any  war  premises  or  to  the  military  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States,  or  any  as- 
sociate nation,  and  all  electric  light  and  power,  steam  or  pneiunatic  power,  telephone  and  telegraph  plants, 
poles,  wires,  and  fixtures  and  wireless  stations,  and  the  buildings  connected  with  the  maintenance  and  oper- 
ation thereof  used  to  supply  water,  light,  heat,  power,  or  facilities  of  communication  to  any  war  premises 
or  to  the  military  or  uaval  forces  of  the  United  States,  or  any  associate  nation."  Tlic  act  authorizes  the 
Postmaster-General,  when  satisfied  that  any  person  is  using  the  mails  in  violation  thereof,  to  order  mail 
addressed  to  such  person  returned  as  "uudeliverable." 

The  Department  of  Justice  said  when  the  act  was  passed:  "Practically  speakiag,  the  whole  industrial 
and  agricultural  resources  of  the  United  States,  all  of  Its  transportation  and  shipping  facilities,  all  of  its 
public  utilities  and  all  parts  thereof  and  all  products  of  industry  and  agriculture  and  all  parts  thereof  suit- 
able for  war  use  fall  within  the  protection  of  this  act.  Nor  is  it  necessary  in  a  prosecution  under  this  act 
to  prove  that  the  person  guilty  of  injuring  or  destroying  any  war  material  or  war  premi.ses  or  war  utilities 
intended  to  interfere  with  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  It  is  sufficient  to  prove  that  he  ht/i  reason  to  be- 
lieve that  his  act  might  injure,  interfere  with  or  obstruct  the  United  States  or  one  of  the  allies  in  prepar- 
ing for  or  carrying  on  the  war.  As  the  entire  material  resources  of  the  United  States  are  engaged,  directly 
or  indirectly,  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  every  one  has  reason  to  believe  that  any  injury  or  destr\iction 
of  any  of  these  resources  may  injure,  interfere  with  or  obstruct  the  preparations  for  or  the  carrying  on  of 
the  war.  The  fact  that  the  act  of  injury  or  destruction,  therefore,  was  not  committed  to  benefit  the  enemy 
or  for  the  purposes  of  hampering  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  will  furnish  no  excuse  in  a  prosecution  under 
this  act.  For  the  first  time,  the  United  States,  through  its  Department  of  Justice,  is  by  this  act  Juruiahed 
with  an  effective  weapon  against  all  wilful  acts  of  destruction  or  injury  which  directly  or  indirectly  weaken 
or  retard  the  preparations  for  the  war  or  the  actual  conduct  of  the  war." 

Places  of  Po«tal  Employees  In  Service  Protected — Postal  employees  enlisted  or  enlisting  in  mili- 
tary service  are  permitted  to  resume  positions  upon  honorable  discharge.  Postmasters  of  second,  third 
and  fourth  class  procuring  enlistments  in  army,  navy  or  Marine  Corps,  are  allowed  SO  for  each  recruit  ac- 
cepted. Mailing  letters  threatening  life  of  or  injury  to  President  punishable  by  flue  up  to  S1,000,  imprison- 
ment up  to  5  years,  or  both. 

Age  of  Naval  Cadets  Lowered — Congress  (No.  148)  amended  the  naval  regulatioas  so  that  "here- 
after all  candidat,es  for  admission  to  the  Naval  Academy  must  be  not  less  than  .sixteen  years  of  age  nor 
more  than  twenty  years  of  age  on  April  1  of  the  calendar  year  in  which  they  enter  the  academy:  Provided, 
That  the  foregoing  shall  not  apply  to  candidates  for  midshipmen  designated  for  entrance  to  the  academy 
In  1918." 

Alien  Enemies  (Women  Included) — Congress  (No.  131)  amended  existing  law  providing  for  the 
regulation  and  internment  of  alien  enemies  by  dropping  from  it  words  limiting  its  application  to  males,  there- 
by subjecting  alien  enemy  women  to  the  same  treatment  as  men. 

Congress  (No.  154)  authorizes  the  President,  by  proclamation  to  declare  th.it  the  public  safety  re- 
quires further  restriction  on  the  entry  or  departure  of  persons  to  or  from  this  country.  Thereupon  it  shall 
become  unlawful  for  any  alien  to  enter  or  depart  except  as  provided  in  rules  prescribed  by  the  President, 
or  for  any  citizen  to  enter  or  depart  without  a  passport.  It  is  also  made  unlawful  to  assist  any  person  to 
enter  or  depart  contrary  to  law  or  the  rules  prescribed  by  the  President,  or  to  use  any  forged,  false  or  ex- 
pired permit  to  secure  such  entry  or  departure.  This  law  is  especially  aimed  at  passage  over  the  Mexican 
border,  it  is  said.  On  April  I'J,  1918,  the  President  by  proclamation,  put  the  amendiiient  in  effect,  and 
alien  women  were  directed  to  register. 

Naturalization  of  Aliens — Congress  (No.  144)  amends  the  ratur.alization  hiwa  by  providing  for 
the  speedy  naturalization  of  aliens  serving  in  the  army  and  navy.  Under  this  law  a  petition  for  naturali- 
zation may  be  filed  without  proof,  either  of  prehminary  declaration  of  intention  or  of  the  required  five 
years'  residence.  Special  provision  is  also  made  for  the  granting  of  citizenship  to  aliens  .scr/ing  in  our  mer- 
chant marine  and  for  the  resumption  of  citizenship  by  our  citizens  who  have  lost  tiieir  citizenship  l)y  ser- 
vice in  any  of  the  Allied  armies.  This  law  also  makes  provision  for  carrying  on  the  work  of  training  aliens 
for  citizenship  by  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization.     For  fuller  data  see  "Naturalization  Laws"  in  index. 

Enemy  Property — A  rider  on  the  urgent  deficiencies  appropriation  bill  (No.  109)  amends  the  trading 
with  the  enemy  act  by  giving  to  the  custodian  of  alien  property  the  powers,  with  respect  to  the  sale  and 
management  of  enemy  property  transferred,  assigned  or  delivered  to  him,  of  an  absolute  owner  thereof. 
Property  sold  by  the  custodian,  except  where  the  President,  giving  the  rea.sous,  orders  otherwise,  shall 
be  sold  at  public  auction  to  the  highest  bidder.  Sales  shall  be  made  only  to  citizens  and  any  person  pur- 
chasing for  an  undisclosed  principal  or  for  resale  to  a  person  not  a  citizen  or  for  the  benefit  of  any  person 
not  a  citizen  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  punisiiable  by  a  fine  not  exceeding  510,000  or  imprisonment  not 
exceeding  10  years,  or  both,  and  the  property  is  forfeited  to  the  United  States. 

Higher  Civil  War  Pensions — The  1918  amendment  to  the  general  pension  act  of  May  11,  1912, 
says:  "From  and  after  the  passage  of  this  act  the  rate  of  ijension  for  any  peison  who  served  ninety  days 
or  more  in  the  military  or  uaval  service  of  the  United  States  during  the  Civil  War,  nov/  on  the  roll  or  here- 
after to  be  placed  on  the  pension  roll  and  entitled  to  receive  a  less  rate  than  hereinafter  provided,  shall  be 
S30  per  month.  In  case  such  a  person  has  reached  the  age  of  seventy-two  years  and  .served  six  months, 
the  rate  shall  be  S32  per  month;  one  year,  .S35  per  month;  one  and  a  half  years,  538  per  month;  two  years 
or  over,  S40  per  month:  Provided,  That  this  act  shall  not  be  so  constiiied  as  to  reduce  any  pension  under 
any  act,  public  or  private:  Proolded  further.  That  no  pension  attorney,  claim  agent,  or  other  person,  shall 
be  entitled  to  receive  any  compensation  for  presenting  any  claim  to  the  Bureau  of  Pensions  under  this  act, 
except  in  applications  for  original  pension  by  persons  who  have  not  heretofore  received  a  pension." 

New  Housing  Laws — A  resolution  of  Congress  (Res.  No.  31),  takes  away  during  the  war  the  right 
ol  the  landlord  to  evict  and  recover  possession  of  leased  premises  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  so  long  as 
the  tenant  pays  the  rent  under  an  existing  lease  and  commits  no  nuisance  or  waste.  This  resolution  which 
appUes  to  the  lease  of  a  room  as  well  as  a  building,  makes  existing  leases  continuous  at  the  option  of  the 
tenant  until  fiuther  action  by  Congress,  or  the  end  of  the  war. 

Congress  (No.  102),  to  provide  housing  accommodations  for  shipyard  employees,  authorizes  the  Emer- 
gency Fleet  Corporation  to  hire  or  construct  buildings  or  to  make  loans  to  stimulate  the  erection  of  such 
buildings.    This  act  carries  an  appropriation  of  850,000,000.     Among  the  limitations  on  the  use  of  this 


Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  1918— Continued.      579 


fund  13  one  wMch  prohibits  the  cost-plus-contract,  unless  the  contract  fixes  the  reasonable  cost,  and  pro- 
vides tliat  In  case  of  increase  in  cost,  the  percentage  of  profit  shall  decrease  as  the  cost  increases 

Congress  (No.  149)  made  further  provision  for  government  housing  of  its  employees  residing  In  the 
Distri.it  of  Columbia,  and  for  the  families  of  workers  engaged  in  essential  industries.  This  act  appropri- 
ates SsiO.OOO.OOO  to  be  used  by  the  President  for  the  acquisition  or  construction  of  houses  "and  of  com- 
munity utilities."  Ten  million  dollars  of  this  amount  can  be  used  only  in  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
it  Is  stipulated  that  this  amount  shall  be  so  used  to  take  care,  so  far  as  possible,  of  the  alley  population  of  the 
District.  This  bill  also  contains  the  prohibition  of  the  cost-plus-contract.  The  President  is  authorized 
to  build  or  buy  and  equip  houses,  to  make  loans  for  the  building  of  housing  accommodations  by  private 
persons  and  lease  or  sell,  with  the  minimum  requirement  that  uo  property  acquired  under  this  sot  shall 
be  "given  awav  nor  shall  rents  be  furnished  free." 

The  Federal  Control,  or  Overman,  Act — This  law,  which  was  the  cause  of  a  long  struggle  !n  Con- 
gress, is  known  as  No.  152,  and  was  passed,  and  signed  by  President  Wilson,  May  20,  1918.  It  authorizes 
the  President,  during  the  war  and  "in  matters  related  to  the  conduct  of  the  war,"  to  redistribute  in  his 
discretion  the  powers,  duties  and  functions  of  existing  Federal  executive  agencies.  Except  for  aircraft 
production,  the  President  is  not  authorized  to  create  any  new  agency  or  to  abolish  an  existing  agency,  but 
is  limited  to  the  transfer  from  one  to  another  of  the  existing  departments,  bureaus,  commissions  etc  of 
any  or  all  of  their  powers,  duties,  personnel  and  funds.  Such  transfers,  if  made,  become  ineffective  six 
months  after  the  end  of  the  war  and  thereupon  tlie  statutory  organization  and  functions  of  the  executive 
agencies  are  to  be  restored.  The  purpose  of  the  act  is  to  remove  statutory  restrictions  on  the  power  of  the 
President  to  organize  the  executive  branch  of  the  Government  in  such  way  as  he  deems  most  efficient  for 
the  conduct  of  the  war.     The  full  text  is  as  follows: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  as- 
sembled: For  the  national  security  and  defense,  for  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  war,  for  the  support 
and  maintenance  of  the  Array  and  Navy,  for  the  better  utilization  of  resources  and  industries,  and  for  the 
more  effective  exercise  and  more  efficient  administration  by  the  President  of  his  powers  as  Commander 
in  Chief  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  the  President  is  hereby  authorized  to  make  such  redistribution  of  func- 
tions among  executive  agencies  as  he  may  deem  necessary,  including  any  functions,  duties,  and  powers 
hitherto  by  law  conferred  upon  any  executive  department,  commission,  bureau,  agency,  office,  or  officer, 
in  such  manner  as  In  his  judgment  shall  seem  best  fitted  to  carry  out  the  purposes  of  this  act,  and  to  this 
end  Is  authorized  to  make  such  regulations  and  to  issue  such  orders  as  he  may  deem  necessary,  which  regu- 
lations and  orders  shall  be  in  writing  and  shall  be  filed  with  the  head  of  the  department  affected  and  consti- 
tute a  public  record:  Provided,  That  this  act  shall  remain  in  force  during  the  continuance  of  the  present 
war  and  for  six  months  after  the  termination  of  the  war  by  the  proclamation  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  or  at 
such  earlier  time  as  the  President  may  designate:  Provided  further.  That  the  termination  of  this  act  shall 
not  affect  any  act  done  or  any  right  or  obligation  accruing  or  accrued  pursuant  to  this  act  and  during  the 
time  that  this  act  is  in  force:  Provided  further.  That  the  authority  by  this  act  granted  shall  be  exercised 
only  in  matters  relating  to  the  conduct  of  the  present  war. 

,  "Section  2 — In  carrying  out  the  purposes  of  this  act  the  President  is  authorized  to  utilize,  co-ordinate, 
or  consolidate  any  executive  or  administrative  commissions,  bureaus,  agencies,  offices,  or  officers  now  ex- 
isting by  law,  to  transfer  any  duties  or  powers  from  one  existing  department,  commission,  bureau,  agency, 
office,  or  officer  to  anotlier,  to  transfer  the  per.'somiel  thereof  or  any  part  of  it  cither  by  detail  or  assignment, 
together  with  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  records  and  public  property  belonging  thereto. 

"Section  3 — The  President  is  further  authorized  to  establish  an  executive  agency  which  may  exer- 
cise such  jurisdiction  and  control  over  the  production  of  aeroplanes,  aeroplane  engines,  and  aircraft  equip- 
ment as  in  his  judgment  may  be  advantageous;  and,  further,  to  transfer  to  such  agency,  for  its  use,  a"ll  or 
any  moneys  heretofore  appropriated  for  the  production  of  aeroplanes,  aeroplane  engines,  and  aircraft  equip- 
ment.' 

B^  "Section  4 — For  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  the  provisions  of  this  act,  any  moneys  heretofore  and  here- 
after appropriated  for  the  use  of  any  executive  department,  commission,  bui-eau,  agency,  office,  or  officer 
shall  be  expended  only  for  the  purposes  for  which  it  was  appropriated  under  the  direction  of  such  other 
agency  as  may  be  directed  by  the  President  to  perform  and  execute  said  function. 

"Section  5 — ^ould  the  President,  in  redistributing  the  f mictions  among  the  executive  agencies  as 
provided  in  this  act,  conclude  that  any  bureau  should  be  abolished  and  it  or  their  duties  and  functions  con- 
ferred upon  some  other  department  or  bureau  or  eliminated  entirely,  he  shall  report  his  conclusions  to  Con- 
gress with  such  recommendations  as  he  may  deem  proper. 

ir-  "Section  6 — AH  laws  or  parts  of  laws  conflicting  with  the  provisions  of  this  act  are  to  the  extent  of 
such  conflict  suspended  while  this  act  is  in  force.  Upon  the  termination  of  this  act  all  executive  or  ad- 
ministrative agencies,  departments,  commissions,  bureaus,  offices,  or  officers  shall  exercise  the  same  func- 
tions, duties,  and  powers  as  heretofore  or  as  hereafter  by  law  may  be  provided,  any  authorization  of  the 
President  under  this  act  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding." 

When  Senator  Lee  S.  Overman  of  North  Carolina  introduced  the  bill  in  the  Senate  he  said  President 
Wilson  had  sent  the  bill  to  him  and  had  requested  the  authority  that  was  conferred  in  the  measure,  adding: 
"Everybody  has  been  making  criticism  about  the  red  tape  in  the  departments.  The  President  wishes  to 
cut  it.  Let  us  give  him  the  scissors  with  which  to  do  so,"  In  the  Senate  attempts  were  made  to  keep 
one  or  another  big  branch  o:  the  Government  out  of  the  scope  of  the  bill.  An  amendment  moved  by  Smith 
(Georgia)  to  exempt  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  on  a  roll  call  was  rejected  by  a  vote  of  41  to  37,  with  17 
not  voting.  The  same  Senator's  amendment  to  exempt  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  was  lost 
by  the  roll  call  vote  of  42  to  35,  not  voting  18.  The  amendment  of  Gallinger  (New  Hampshire)  to  exclude 
the  Government  Printing  Office  from  the  operation  of  the  proposed  law  was  defeated  by  the  vote  of  44  to 
28,  with  23  not  voting.  The  Harding  (Ohio)  amendment  to  restrict  the  proposed  powers  exclusively  to 
war  matters  failed,  by  the  vote  of  43  to  30,  with  22  not  voting.  Cummins  (Iowa)  then  moved  to  with- 
hold two  functions  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  namely  the  valuation  of  railroad  property 
and  the  fixing  of  rates,  but  this,  too,  was  lost  by  the  vote  of  43  to  31,  with  21  not  voting.  The  Sterling 
(South  Dakota)  amendment  designed  to  restrict  the  President  to  the  co-ordination  of  subdivisions  or  bu- 
reaus likewise  went  down  to  defeat,  46  to  24,  with  25  not  voting. 

On  the  same  day,  April  29,  1918,  the  bill  passed  the  Senate  by  the  following  vote: 

Yeas — 63.  Ashurst,  Baird,  Bankhead,  Beckham,  Borah,  Chamberlain,  Colt,  Culberson,  Curtis,  Fall, 
Fletcher,  Frelinghuysen.  Gerry,  Guion,  Hale,  Hardwlck,  Henderson,  Jones  (New  Mexico),  Jones  (Washing- 
ton), Kellogg,  King,  Kirby,  Lenroot,  Lewis,  McCumber,  McKellar,  McLean,  McNary,  Martin,  Myers, 
Nelson,  New,  Norris,  Nugent,  Overman,  Page,  Phelan,  Pittman,  Pomerene,  Saulsbury,  Shafroth,  Shep- 
pard.  Shields,  Simmons,  Smith  (Arizona),  Smith,  (Georgia)  Smith  (Maryland),  Smith  (South  Carolina), 
Smoot,  Swanson,  Thomas,  Thompson,  Tillman,  Townsend,  Trammell,  Underwood,  Vardaman,  Walsh, 
Warren,  Watson,  Weeks,  Williams,  Wolcott. 

Nays — 13.  Brandegee,  Cummins,  Dillingham,  France,  Gallinger,  Harding,  Johnson  (California), 
Knox,  Polndexter,  Reed,  Sherman,  Sterling,  Sutherland. 

Not  Voting — 19.  Calder,  Fernald,  Goff,  Gore,  Gronna,  Hitchcock,  HoUis,  James,  Johnson  (South 
Dakota),  Kendrick,  Kenvon,  La  Follette,  Lodge,  Owen,  Penrose.  Ransdell,  Robinson,  Smith  (Michigan), 
Wadsworth. 

The  Overman  bill  was  taken  up  in  the  House  on  May  14  under  a  unanimous  consent  agreement  for 
five  hours  of  general  discussion.     Gillett  (Massachusetts)  told  the  House  that  the  bill  proposed  to  abrogate 


580      Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  19 IS— Continued. 


the  powers  of  Congress  and  give  them  over  to  the  President.  Chairman  Webb  of  the  Judiciary  Committee, 
in  charge  of  the  bill,  announced  that  the  President  had  told  him  there  was  no  intention  of  reducing  the 
functions  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  The  roll  call  on  the  Walsh  (Ma.ssachusetts)  amend- 
ment exempting  that  body  from  the  operation  of  the  law  showed  88  members  for  it  and  213  against  it. 
The  bill  was  then.  May,  14,  put  to  a  vote  and  was  carried  by  the  following: 

Yeas — 294.  Alexander,  Almon,  Anderson,  Ashbrook,  Aswoli,  Austin,  Ayres,  Bacharach,  Baer,  Bank< 
head,  Barnhart,  Beakes,  Bell,  Beshlln,  Black.  Blackmon,  Bland,  Blanton,  Booher,  Bowers,  Brand,  Britten, 
Browne,  Browning,  Brumbaugh  Buchanan,  Burnett,  Burroughs,  Byrnes  (So.  Carolina),  Byrns  (Tennessee). 
Candler  (Mississippi),  Cannon,  Cantrill,  Caraway,  Carlin,  Cary,  Chandler  (New  York),  Church,  Clark 
(Pennsylvania),  Claypool,  Cleary,  Collier.  Coimally  (Texas),  Cooper  (West  Virginia),  Cooper  (Wisoonsin), 
Cox,  Crago,  Cramton,  Crisp,  Grosser,  Currie  (Michigan),  Dale  (Vermont),  Dallinger,  Decker,  Delaney, 
Dempsey,  Dent,  Denton,  Dewalt,  Dickinson,  Dixon,  Donovan,  Doolittie,  Doremus,  Doughton,  Dowell, 
Drane,  Dunn,  Dyer,  Eagle,  Edmonds,  Ellsworth,  Elston,  Emerson,  Esch,  i'airfield,  Fsrr,  Ferris,  Fisher, 
Flood,  Flynn,  Fordney,  Francis,  Freeman,  French,  Fuller  (Massachusetts),  Gallagher,  Gandy,  Gard,  Gar- 
ner, Garrett  (Tennessee),  Garrett  (Texas),  Glynn,  Godwin  (North  Carolina),  Goodall,  Goodwin  (Arkansas), 
Gordon,  Gould,  (IJraham  (Illinois),  Gray  (New  Jersey),  Green  (Iowa)  Greene  (Massachusetts),  Greene 
(Vermont),  Gregg,  Hadley,  Hamilton  (New  York),  Hamlin,  Hardy,  Harrison  (Mississippi).  Harrison  (Vir- 
ginia), Haskell,  Hastings,  Haugen,  Hawley,  Hayden,  Helm,  Helverlng,  Hensley,  Hicks,  Hilliard,  Holland, 
HoUingsworth,  Houston,  Huddleslon,  Hull  (Iowa),  Hull  (Tennessee),  Igoe,  Ireland,  Johnson  (Kentucky). 
Johnson  (Washington),  Jones,  Juul,  Kearns,  Keating,  Kennedy  (Iowa),  Kennedy  (Rliode  Island),  Kin- 
cheloe.  King,  Kinkaid,  Kitohiu,  Kraus,  Kreider,  Langley,  Larsen,  Lazaro,  Lea  (California),  Lee  (Georgia) 
Lehlbach,  Linthlcum,  Littlepage,  Lobeck,  London,  Lonergan,  Lundeen,  McAudrews,  McArtliur,  McClintic, 
McCormlck,  McCuUoch,  McKenzie,  McKeown,  McKinley,  McLaughlin  (Michigan),  McLemore,  M.idden, 
Magee,  Maher,  Mansfield,  Mapes,  Martin,  Mays,  Meeker,  Merritt.  Moon,  Moore  (Pennsylvania),  IMoores 
(Indiana),  Morgan,  Mott,  Neely,  Nelson,  Nichols  (Michigan),  Nolan,  Norton,  Oldfield,  Oliver  (Alabama) 
Oliver  (New  York),  Osborne,  O'Shaunessy,  Overmyer,  Overstreet,  Padgett,  Paige,  Paik,  Parker  (New 
York),  Peters,  Phelan,  Piatt,  Pou,  Pratt,  Purnell,  Quin,  H.  T.  Raiuey,  J.  W.  Ralney,  Raker,  Ramsoj-,  Ram- 
seyer,  Randall,  Rankin,  Rayburn,  Reed,  Riordan,  Robbins,  Roberts,  Rogers,  Romjue,  Rose,  Rowe,  Row- 
land, Rubey,  Rucker,  Sabath,  S.anders  (Indiana),  Sanford,  Schall,  Scott  (Iowa),  Scott  (Mlchlgau'i,  Sells, 
Shackleford,  Shallenberger,  Sherely,  Sliouse,  Slegel,  Sims.  Sinnott,  Slemp,  Small,  Smith  (Michigan),  C.  B. 
Smith,  Snell,  Snook,  Stafford,  Steagall,  Steele,  Steenerson,  Stephens  (Mississippi),  Stephens  (Nebraska), 
Sterling  (Pennsylvania),  Stiness,  Sullivan,  Suraners,  Sweet,  Tague,  Talbott,  Taylor  (Arkansas),  Taylor 
(Colorado),  Temple,  Thomas,  Thompson,  Tillman,  Tilson,  Tinkham,  Treadway,  Van  Dyke,  Venable, 
Ve.8tal,  Vinson,  Voigt,  Volstead,  Waldow,  Walker,  Walsh,  Walton,  Waaon,  Watklna,  Watson  (Virginia), 
Webb,  Welling,  Welty,  Whaley,  Wheeler,  White  (Maine),  White  (Ohio),  Williams,  Wilson  (Illinois),  Wilson 
(Louisiana),  Wingo,  Wise,  Wood  (Indiana),  Woods  (Iowa),  Woodyard,  Wright,  Young  (North  Dakota), 
Young  (Texas),  Zihlman. 

Nays — 2.     Gillett,  Sterling  (Illinois). 

Answered  "Present" — 3.     Anthony,  La  Follette,  Longworth. 

Not  Voting — 131.  Barkley,  Borland,  Brodbeck,  Butler,  Caldwell,  Campbell  (Kansas),  Campbell 
(Pennsylvania),  Carew,  Carter  (Massachusetts),  Carter  (Oklahoma),  Chandler  (Oklahoma),  Clark  (Florida), 
Classon,  Coady,  Connelly  (Kansas),  Cooper  (Ohio),  Copley,  Costello,  Curry  (California),  Dale  (New  York), 
Darrow,  Davidson,  Davis,  Denison,  Dies,  Dill,  Dillon,  Dominick,  Dooling,  Drukker,  Dupre,  Eagan,  Elliott, 
Estopinal,  Evans,  B.  L.  Fairchild,  G.  W.  Falrchild,  Fess,  Fields,  Focht,  Foss,  Foster,  Frear,  Fuller  (Illinois), 
Gallivan,  Garland,  Glass,  Good,  Graham  (Pennsylvania),  Gray  (Alabama),  Griest,  Griffin,  Hamill,  Hamil- 
ton (Michigan),  Hayes,  Hcaton,  Heflin,  Heintz,  Horsey,  Hood,  Howard,  Humphreys,  Huisled,  Hut.cliinsOD, 
Jacoway,  James,  Johnson  (South  Dakota),  Kahn,  Kehoe,  Kelley  (Michigan),  Kelly  (Pcnn.sylvania),  Kottner, 
Key  (Ohio),  Kiess  (Pennsylvania),  Knutson,  La  Guardia,  Lesher,  Lever,  Little,  Lufkin,  Lunn,  Mcl'adden, 
McLaughlin  (Pennsylvania),  Mann,  Mason,  Miller  (Minnesota),  Miller  (Washington),  Mondell,  Montague, 
Morin,  NlchoUs  (South  Carolina),  Olney,  Parker  (New  Jersey),  Polk,  Porter,  Powers,  Price,  Ragsdale, 
Reavis,  Robinson,  Rodenberg,  Rouse,  Russell,  Sanders  (Louisiana),  Sander.3  (New  York),  Saunders  (Vir- 
ginia), Scott  (Pennsylvania),  Scully,  Sears,  Sherwood,  Sisson,  Slayden,  Sloan,  Smith  (Idaho),  Smith  T.  F., 
Snyder,  Stedmau,  Stevenson,  Strong,  Swift,  Switzer,  Templetou,  Timberlakc,  Towner,  ^'are,  Ward,  Watson 
(Pennsylvania),  Wilson   (Texas),  Winslow,  Weaver. 

Soon  after  the  Overman  bill  became  a  law  the  President  reorganized  the  Aircraft  Board  and  the  War 
Industries  Board  and  made  them  independent  of  the  National  Council  of  Defense. 

Payment  of  Claims  for  Military  Operations — In  order  to  provide  for  the  payment  of  claims  by 
Europeans  for  damages  done  by  American  military  forces,  Congress  (No.  133)  provides  that  sui-.b  claims 
may  be  paid  when  approved  by  an  officer  designated  by  the  President.  These  claims  shall  not  be  approved 
unless  payable  under  the  law  or  practice  govei'ning  the  military  forces  of  the  country  in  which  they  occur. 
Claims  by  "an  enemy  or  an  allv  of  an  enemy"  are  not  to  be  paid.  Neither  enemy  nor  ally  of  enemy  is  de- 
fined by  the  act. 

Corporate  Contributions  to  War  Purposes — Congress  (No.  153)  authorized  national  banks  to 
contribute  to  the  American  National  Red  Cross. 

Daylight  Saving — Congress  (No.  106)  directs  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  to  divide  the 
United  States  into  five  zones  and  prescribes  a  standard  time  for  each  which  is  to  go\ern  the  movement 
of  interstate  commerce  and  all  questions  of  time  In  statutes,  regulations,  etc.,  aEtecting  any  branch  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  or  any  matter  subject  to  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States.  Tiie 
daylight  saving  is  accomplished  by  a  requirement  that  the  standard  time  be  advanced  one  hour  beginning 
2  A.  M.  the  last  Sunday  in  March  and  retarded  one  hour  beginning  2  A.  M.  the  last  Sunday  in  October 
annually.  This  is  not  a  war  measure;  it  is  not  limited  to  the  period  of  the  war.  It  affects  questions  of 
private  right  only  m  so  far  as  they  are  subject  to  the  Federal  jurisdiction.  It  does  not  attempt  to  control 
local  questions  of  time  in  those  States  where,  as  In  New  York,  the  statutes  contain  a  definition  of  time. 
In  order  to  supplement  the  Federal  act.  New  York  (112)  changed  its  definition  of  standard  time  to  accord 
to  the  new  Federal  law.  _ 

United  States  Shipping  Board  Act  Amended — This  amendment  (No.  202)  to  the  original  act  of 
1917  mainly  perfects  and  clarifies  powers  already  exercised  by  the  President  througli  the  Shipi)ing  and 
War  Trade  Boards  and  the  expert  control  sections  of  the  Espionage  act.  The  President  may  require  ap- 
proval (by  himself  or  through  such  agencies  as  he  may  determine)  of  charters  of  American  vessels  or  of 
foreign  vessels  under  charter  to  American  citizens.  It  authorizes  the  President  to  make  war  zone  safety 
devices,  rules  and  regulations,  and  confers  important  additional  powers  over  drydocks,  wharves,  ware- 
house equipment,   terminal  railways,   etc. 

By  another  amendment  the  original  act  is  made  to  read:  "The  controlling  interest  In  a  corporation 
shall  not  be  deemed  to  be  owned  by  citizens  of  the  United  States  (a)  if  the  title  to  a  majority  of  the  stoclc 
thereof  Is  not  vested  in  such  citizens  free  from  any  trust  or  fiduciary  obligation  in  favor  of  any  person  not 
a  citizen  of  the  United  States;  or  (b)  if  the  majority  of  the  voting  power  In  such  corporation  Is  not  vest«d 
in  citizens  of  the  United  States;  or  (c)  !f  through  any  contract  or  understanding  it  is  so  arranged  that  the 
majority  of  the  voting  power  may  be  exercised,  directly  or  indirectly,  in  behalf  of  any  person  who  is  not  a 
citizen  ol  the  United  States;  or  (d)  if  by  any  other  moan.s  whatsoever  control  of  the  corporation  is  conferred 


Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  1918— Continued.      581 

upon  or  permitted  to  be  eKercised  by  any  person  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States."    A  fine  ol  85.000 
or  prison  for  5  years  are  mxximum  penalties  for  violation  of  tlie  act. 

Spanish  War  Pensions — This  act  provides  for  widows  and  minor  children  of  officers  and  enlisted 
men  who  served  90  days  or  more  in  the  war  with  Spain,  the  Philippine  insurrection,  or  In  China  The 
law  speoifles  a  minimum  of  90  days'  service  running  from  date  of  enlistment  to  the  date  of  discharge.  Grants 
Widow  without  meana  of  support  other  than  her  daily  labor  and  an  actual  net  Income  not  exceeding  S250 
per  year,  $12  per  month  during  widowhood,  and  S2  per  month  for  each  child  under  16,  until  16  unless  In- 
sane, idiotic  or  otherwise  permanently  incapable.  No  proof  is  required  that  death  of  enlisted  man  was 
result  of  hla  army  or  navy  service. 

New  Draft  Law  Registration — Congress,  by  Public  Resolution  No.  30,  approved  May  20,  1918. 
required  the  registration,  as  by  the  Selective  Service  law  of  May  18,  1917,  of  all  males  who  had  attained 
the  age  of  21  since  the  original  registration  day,  June  5,  1917.  The  President,  by  proclamation,  fixed  the 
day  as  June  5,  1918,  In  continental  United  States.  By  a  further  public  resolution  and  presidential  procla- 
mation, August  24,  1918,  Vf-XH  set  as  the  second  day  of  registration,  in  1918,  of  males  reaching  21.  Congress 
then  passed,  and  the  President  approved  on  August  31,  1918,  a  further  amendment  to  the  Selective  Ser- 
vice act,  embracing  within  its  terms  all  males  between  the  ages  of  18  and  45.  The  President,  the  same  day 
by  proclamation,  fixed  Thursday,  September  12,  1918,  as  the  day  of  registration.  Statistics  of  the  various 
drafts  and  registrations  will  be  found  elsewhere  in  The  Almanac. 

Vocational  Reliabllitation — This  act,  approved  June  27,  19^8,  provides  for  the  giving  of  vocational 
education  and  instruction  to  honorably  discharged  soldiers  and  sailors  (i.  e..  United  States  Military  or  Naval 
forces)  who  are  vmable  to  resume  their  former  occupations  or  to  carry  on  gainful  occupations  because  of 
disability  occasioned  in  such  a  way  as  to  entitle  them  to  "War  Risk  Insurance"  compensation.  Where 
vocational  rehabilitation  is  feasible  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  prescribes  such  course 
or  courses  as  it  deems  suitable  in  the  particular  case.  During  such  course  the  person  pursuing  it  is  to  re- 
ceive monthly  compensation  equal  to  his  monthly  pay  for  the  last  month  of  his  active  service,  or  equal 
to  what  he  would  be  entitled  to  receive  as  War  Risk  Insurance,  whiohever  amount  is  greater.  If  an  en- 
listed man  at  t!ie  time  of  his  discharge,  his  family  is  to  receive  compulsory  allotment,  family  allowance, 
etc.,  his  compensation  bcnng  treated  as  his  monthly  pay. 

War  Risk  Insurance — Congress  extended  the  time  for  applying  tor  the  insurance,  changed  the  rates 
of  allowance  to  dependents,  allowed  changes  in  beneficiaries,  when  attested,  in  writing,  limited  the  fees 
of  attorneys  to  $3  in  piepariag  and  executing  papers  for  claimants,  and  provided  fine  and  imprisonment 
for  soliciting  or  receiving  any  other  fees. 


in'iPORTilE^T    LECtSLATION    IN    THE    VARIOUS    STATES. 

Moratorium  Acta — Those  of  Mississippi,  Montana  and  New  Jersey  were  briefly  referred  to  under 
tbe  same  topic  under  Federal  Legislation.  Massachusetts  (Ch.  342),  grants  as  a  matter  of  right  a  writ  of 
review  ofjjudgments.  Neljraska  (Sp.  1918,  8),  prevents  judgments  by  default  and  provides  for  discretionary 
Stays  at  any  stage  of  any  proceeding  against  men  in  the  service.  The  other  State  acts  contain  no  provi- 
sion in  this  regard.  Wisconsin  (1917,  Ch.  409)  exempts  from  civil  process  for  three  years  from  entry  into 
the  service  and  re<iiures  a  stay  of  suits  pending  at  the  time  of  the  passage  of  the  act.  Iowa  (Ch.  380)  ex- 
empts from  contractual  payments  and  from  execution.  This  act  does  not  prevent  the  commencement 
of  action,  but  requires  the  trial  to  be  continued  imtil  six  months  after  the  war.  Texas  (Sp.  1917,  Ch.  5) 
relieves  a  defendant  in  the  service  from  the  necessity  of  answering  in  civil  cases  until  after  the  war,  and 
(Ch.  4)  requires  all  sales  of  real  property  In  foreclosure  to  be  confirmed  by  the  court.  Oregon  (1917,  Ch. 
275)  postpones  toreclosiu'e  of  mortgages  and  execution  of  judgment  until  GO  days  after  the  war.  Maine 
(1917,  Ch.  273)  reqiures  a  stay  of  actions  against  persons  in  the  service  imless  the  court  thinks  that  a  con- 
tinuance would  do  "great  injustice."  This  act  also  provides  for  a  continuance  in  cases  brought  by  persons 
in  the  service.  Except  In  actions  for  rent,  wages  or  money  due  in  a  fiduciary  character,  Maryland  (Sp. 
1917,  Chs.  22  aud  23)  authorized  a  stay  of  action  or  execution  of  application  If  the  court  deems  it  In  the 
interest  of  Jtistice  and  if  the  applicant  give  bond  or  comply  with  other  conditions  imposed  by  the  courf,. 
This  is  effective  for  six  mouths  after  the  end  of  the  war  unless  the  court  rescinds  it  and  orders  proceedings 
resumed.  A  stay  is  outlioriaed  in  the  discretion  of  the  court  by  Massachusetts  (1917,  Ch.  342,  Sec.  19) 
if  the  defendant  is  in  the  service  and  absent  from  the  State.  North  Dakota  (Ch.  10)  declares  void  any  pro- 
ceeding to  recover  debt  or  foreclose  a  lien  taken  against  a  person  in  the  service;  but  in  order  tOj  prevent 
depreciation  permits  the  court  to  order  the  sale  of  property  subject  to  a  lien,  upon  the  entry  of  a',  bond  to 
protect  an  owner  in  the  service.  South  Dakota  (Ch.  55)  exempts  persons  in  the  service  from  any  pay- 
ment under  a  contract,  expressly  excepting  a  life  insurance  policy.  This  act  also  suspends  execution,  and 
foreclosure. 

Sedition-Espionage — The  Montana  act  is  like  the  Federal.  Nebraska  (Sp.  1918,  5)  contains  a  de- 
tailed definition  of  sedition  and  extensive  provision  for  its  punishment. 

•ns  New  Jersey  (Ch.  44)  mokes  it  "a  high  misdemeanor"  to  incite  insurrection  or  sedition  or  to  advocate 
hostility  to  or  subversion  of  the  Federal  or  State  Government,  or  to  bo  a  member  of  an  organization  for, 
or  attend  a  meeting  for  the  purpose  of,  encouraging  such  hostility.  This  act  is  limited  to  promotion  of 
insurrection  or  hostility  to  Government.  Texas  (Sp.  1918,  H.  B.  15)  punishes  the  uttering  or  printing 
of  seditious  languoge.  Seditious  language  is  described  as  that  which  is  disloyal,  abusive  or  calculated  to 
bring  into  disrepute  the  United  States,  its  military  forces  or  flag,  or  its  entry  or  continuance  in  the  war. 
It  is  provided  that  the  suspended  sentence  law  shall  not  apply  to  "convictions  under  this  act.  It  is  made 
the  "duty"  of  anv  person  who  hears  or  knows  of  any  violation  of  this  act  to  report  to  an  officer  having  power 
to  aiTest  any  violation  of  this  act  of  which  such  person  knows.  Treason  is  punished  by  life  imprisonment 
and  disqualification  to  hold  public  office  by  South  Dakota  (Sp.  1918,  Ch.  64.)  It  is  defined  to  "consist 
in  levying  war  against  the  State,  or  in  adhering  to  its  enemies,  or  in  giving  them  aid  or  comfort.  >,o  person 
is  to  be  convicted  except  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act  or  confession  in  open  court. 
At  the  same  session  (CU.  65)  it  was  made  a  crime  to  fall  immediately  to  disclose  know  edge  of  the  com- 
mission of  the  crime  of  troeiion.  Advocating  or  advising  any  person  in  the  State  who  Is  of  military  age 
not  to  enlist  is  penalized  by  Wisconsin  (Sp.  1918,  Ch.  13)  and  by  New  Jersey  (Ch.  36).  Such  advice,  if 
oral,  Is  punishable  only  it  uttered  in  a  public  place  or  at  a  meeting  of  more  than  five  persons.  Advice  or 
advocacy,  oral  or  written,  of  non-assistance  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war  is  punishable  under  any  circum- 
stances. Maryland  (Ch.  2fil)  enacts  the  imiform  law  penalizing  improper  use  of  the  flag.  Georgia  (1917. 
No.  164)  is  a  similar  law,  and  Montana  (Ch.  12)  and  the  Texas  sedition  law.  svpra,  increase  the  penalty 
imposed  by  existing  law  for  abuse  of  the  flag.  ,    ».,       i„i i  „,~,n„„nam  «r 

Montana  (Sp.  1918,  Ch.  7)  makes  it  a  felony  to  teach  or  advocate  or  justify  criminal  sjmdicallsm  or 
sabotage.  The  same  penalty  is  imposed  on  any  who  helps  to  organize  or  becomes  a  member  of  any  organi- 
zation which  teaches,  advocates  or  "suggests"  criminal  syndicalism  or  sabotage.  It  is  likewise  maoe  a 
felony  to  participate  voluntarily  or  be  present  in  any  meeting,  the  purpose  of  whicli  is  to  advocate,  teacn 
or  suggest  these  crtmes.  The  owner  or  person  who  knowingly  permits  such  a  meeting  to  be  hem  on  nis 
premises  ia  made  guUty  of  a  misdemeanor.  Syndicalism,  as  defined  by  the  act,  is  fne /P^ocacy  oi  any 
resort  to  violence  as  a  means  of  enforcing  reforms.  .  Sabotage,  as  defined  is  the  unlawful  destruction  of 
property.    South  Dakota  (Ch.  38)  punishes  destruction  or  attempt  t«  destroy  life  or  property  by  the  use 


582      Chief  Federal  and  State  Legislation  of  1918 — Continued. 


of  any  liquid,  chemical,  mechanical  apparatus,  current  or  other  device  in  pursuance  of  the  doctrine  ol  crimi- 
nal syndicalism. 

North  Dakota  (Sp.  1918,  Ch.  12)  punishes  "sabotage  in  the  first  degree"  by  imprlsanment  from  one 
year  to  life.  This  crime  is  defined  as  the  setting  on  fire  directly  or  by  means -of  chemical  or  mechanical 
apparatus  or  sun-gla.ss  or  electric  current  of  food  for  man  or  beast  or  buildings  or  cars  where  food  is  stored; 
or  poisoning  work  or  food-producing  animals  in  order  to  hinder  the  owner's  food-producing  operations. 
An  attempt  at  sabotage  in  the  first  degree,  the  hindering  of  harvesting  or  threshing  of  crops  by  injury  to 
machinery  through  placing  foreign  substance  in  the  grain  to  be  harvested  or  threshed,  or  destruction  of 
property  in  order  to  hinder  the  United  States  in  prosecuting  the  war,  constitute  sabotage  in  the  second 
degree.     The  penalty  for  this  crime  is  again  imprisoument  only,  though  limited  to  20  years. 

New  York  (Ch.  337)  makes  it  a  felony  punishable  by  5-25  years  imprisonment  to  injure  or  de.stroy 
mihtary  stores,  raw  materials  for  the  production^f  such  stores,  buildings  or  vessels  used  by  military  forces 
or  materials  for  the  construction  or  operation  of  such  buildings  or  vessels,  buildings  or  machines  used  for 
the  production  of  military  stores,  railroads  or  railroad  equipment,  highways,  canals  or  bridges.  By  Alon- 
tana  (Sp.  1918,  Ch.  2)  the  possession  ol  firearms  is  lawful  only  if  the  owner  has  obtained  a  license  from  the 
county  sheriff.  All  sales  of  firearms  must  be  registered  with  the  county  clerl;.  Chapter  6  makes  it  a  felony 
to  manufacture,  sell  or  give  away  Maxim  silencers,  bombs,  explosive  compounds,  inflammable  materials, 
or  instruments  with  the  intent  that  they  shall  be  used  for  destruction  of  Ufe  or  property.  An  accessory 
shall  be  deemed  a  principal  for  purposes  of  punishment,  and  mere  possession  is  presumptive  evidence  of 
intent  to  use  unlawfully.  New  Jersey  (Ch.  97)  makes  it  a  misdemeanor  for  any  person  not  a  citizen  to  act 
as  private  or  public  detective.  A  number  or  recent  State  laws  are  intended  to  control  tlie  possession  of 
firearms  by  alien  enemies.  Kentucky  (S.  B.6)  punishes  the  possession  by  a  subject  of  a  nation  with  which 
the  United  States  is  at  war  of  any  firearm  or  explosive  or  the  ingredients  thereof.  The  forbidden  article 
shall  be  confiscated  on  conviction  and  become  the  property  of  the  State.  Any  police  officer  may  sum- 
marily arrest,  and  if  he  suspects  premises  under  the  control  of  an  alien,  he  may  enter  and  search. 

Work-or-Fight — Laws  imposing  a  duty  to  engage  in  useful  work  started  with  the  enactment  in  Kan- 
sas (1917,  Cli.  167)  of  a  law  defining  vagrancy  to  include  refusal  to  accept  employment.  West  Virginia 
(Sp.  1917,  Ch.  12)  expressly  declared  It  to  be  the  duty  of  every  able-bodied  male,  except  students  and  strikers, 
to  work  at  least  36  hours  a  week.  Failure  to  comply  with  this  requirement  was  made  a  misdemeanor, 
punishable  by  60  days'  public  work.  Each  week  of  idleness  constituted  a  separate  offense.  Kentucky 
(H.  B.  393)  defines  and  punishes  vagrancy,  but  includes  mere  idleness  only  wlien  the  accused  is  without 
means  of  support.  Kentucky  (S.  B.  155)  follows  closely  the  West  Virginia  law,  but  its  enforcement  pro- 
visions are  more  stringent.  Under  it,  inability  to  obtain  work  is  in  no  case  a  defense.  Summai'y  convic- 
tions are  authorized  and  the  right  to  appeal  is  dependent  on  security  not  to  violate  the  law  pending  the 
appeal.  Maryland  (Sp.  1917,  Ch.  33)  requires  the  registration  of  able-bodied  men  between  18  and  50  who 
are  not  usefully  employed'and  authorizes  the  Governor  to  assign  them  to  some  public  or  private  employ- 
ment. Failure  to  register  or  to  do  the  work  assigned  is  punished  by  fine  or  imprisonment.  Students  and 
strikers  are  excepted,  but  the  possession  of  means  of  support  is  no  defense  to  failure  to  work.  The  hours 
and  wages  of  persons  assigned  to  work  are  to  be  those  usual  in  similar  employments.  Maitsachusetts  (286), 
New  Jersey  (Ch.  55),  New  York  (Ch.  625),  Rhode  Island  (Ch.  1661)  and  Delaware,  likewise  impose  a  duty 
to  work  on  able-bodied  men  when  by  proclamation  tlie  Governor  declares  such  employment  es.sential 
for  the  protection  of  the  public  welfare  during  the  war.  While  requiring  every  one  to  VTOrk,  these  laws, 
recognizing  the  possibility  of  inability  to  secure  employment,  provide  that  persons  who  have  applied  to  a 
designated  public  agency  for  employment  are  not  to  be  prosecuted  pending  their  assignment,  and  that  if 
such  agency  be  unable  to  secure  employment  it  shall  issue  a  certificate  to  that  effect,  wiiich  likewise  pro- 
tects against  prosecution.  These  acts  also  except  strikers  and  students,  but  include  all  other  male  per- 
sons found  in  the  State.  South  Dakota  (Ch.  62)  grants  to  the  State  Council  of  Defense  power  to  "im- 
press" into  public  or  private  employment  all  unemployed  persons.  General  authority  is  given  to  the  Council 
to  make  rules  to  carry  out  the  purpose  of  the  act,  and  violation  ol  these  rules  is  made  a  criminal  offense. 
Habitual  idleness  or  refusal  to  accept  obtainable  work  is  included  in  this  definition  of  sedition  in  Nebraska 
(Sp.  1918,  5)  and  punished  as  such. 

Absent  Voting  by  Soldiers  and  Sailors — Though  many  ol  the  laws  authorizing  absent  voting  are 
limited  to  voters  in  the  military  service,  some  are  applicable  to  all  voters  absent  from  their  residence  dis- 
tricts. By  a  recent  decision  of  the  Adjutant-General  their  vote  cannot  be  taken  if  it  causes  serious  inter- 
ference with  military  efficiency.  He  authorized  State  officers  to  apply  for  permission  to  take  the  vote  of 
men  in  the  service  within  the  United  States.  Maryland  and  Rhode  Island  submitted  constitutional  amend- 
ments authorizing  the  legislature  to  provide  for  the  taking  of  the  vote  of  men  in  the  service.  At  the  same 
time,  in  anticipation  of  the  adoption  of  this  constitutional  amendment,  the  Maryland  Legislature  passed 
an  act  providing  for  the  taking  of  this  vote. 

State  Councils  of  Defense — State  Councils  of  Defense  to  co-ordinate  war  activities  withm  the  State 
and  to  co-operate  with  the  National  Council  have  been  created  in  practically  all  the  States. 

In  general  the  powers  of  these  State  Councils  are  confined  to  advice  and  co-operation  with  public  officials. 
In  many  cases  they  have,  however,  power  to  Investigate  and  compel  the  production  of  evidence  concern- 
ing the  safety  or  welfare  of  the  State  or  its  war  resources.  The  Council  is  required  in  Delaware  to  enroll 
and  assign  to  labor  the  idle  and  unemployed;  in  Maryland,  to  organize  public  labor  exchanges;  In  Montana, 
to  control  solicitation  of  funds  for  patriotic  and  war  purposes;  in  North  and  South  Dakota,  to  promote 
food  production  and  distribution  of  farm  labor;  and  in  Minnesota,  to  do  anything  not  inconsistent  with 
the  laws  ol  the  State  for  the  protection  of  public  safety  and  private  property,  including  removal  of  public 
officers  for  non-performance  of  their  duties.  Similar  is  the  power  given  the  Governor  in  New  Mexico  (Sp. 
1917,  Ch.  3)  and  New  Jersey  (1917,  Ch.  126)  to  provide  for  the  public  safety  and  for  this  purpose  "to  ex- 
ercise any  and  all  power  wliich  in  his  judgment  may  be  convenient  or  necessary." 

Suspension  of  Public  Contracts — New  York  (Ch.  413)  provides  for  the  suspension,  during  the  war, 
ijf  all  contracts  for  construction  or  repair  of  State  or  County  highways,  and  Chapter  5S6  provides  for  re- 
vision of  contracts  for  the  construction  of  rapid  transit  railways  in  New  York  City. 

Food  Production  and  Preservation — Appropriations  to  encourage  generally  production  of  food  are 
(untalned  in  Rhode  Island  (Res.  H.  628)  and  Massachusetts  (Sp.  63).  The  purchase  of  farm  machinery 
to  be  operated  for  or  leased  to  farmers  is  authorized  in  Massachusetts  (90),  and  a  State  Board  is  authorized 
to  maintain  plants  along  the  coast  for  the  buying,  selling  and  storing  of  fish  in  New  Jersey  (143).  This 
board  is  also  given  control  over  pound-net  flsiiing,  including  the  refusal  of  the  catch,  with  a  view  to  rendering 
the  supply  of  fish  available  at  reasonable  prices.  New  Jersey  (53)  authorizes  municipalities  to  purchase, 
Etore  and  sell  at  wholesale  or  retail  food  and  fuel.  This  act  is  to  become  inoperative  six  months  after  the 
Eigiiing  of  the  Treaty  of  Peace  concluding  this  war. 

Corporate  Contributions  to  War  Purposes — Corporations  have  been  authorized,  out  of  their  sur- 
plus or  assets,  to  make  contributions  lor  war  relief  purposes  in  Massacliusetts  (196).  New  Jersey  (173), 
Mew  York  (240)  and  Rhode  Island  (1662).  Congress  (No.  153)  also  authorized  contributions  by  National 
banks  to  the  American  National  Red  Cross.  The  Massachusetts  act  limits  such  contributions  in  any  year 
to  5  per  cent,  of  the  net  profits  of  the  preceding  year,  and  provides  that  an.v  stockholder  who  objects  iu  writ- 
ing is  entitled  to  have  his  share  of  such  contribution  paid  to  him  within  six  months  after  the  contribution 
S.3  made. 

State  Aid  to  Men  In  the  Service — Provision  for  allowances  by  the  State  and  its  municipalities  to 
residents  In  the  military  service  is  contained  in  Massachusetts  (Ch.  92  and  Ch.  108),    New  Jersey  (Ch. 


International  Law,  and  the  Welfare  of  Nations.  583 


CHIEF  FEDERAL  AND  STATE  LEGISLATION  OF  191&— Continued. 


70  and  Ch.  151)  provide  that  the  tenure  of  a  position  in  the  public  service  shall  not  be  affected  by  military 
service  and  that  leaves  of  absence  shall  be  granted  until  honorably  discharged  from  the  service,  and  Chapters 
15  and  16  provide  for  compensation  to  State  or  municipal  employes  supplementing  their  pay  in  the  mili- 
tary service.  Massachusetts  (230)  provid«e  for  the  training  of  disabled  soldiers  and  sailors  by  the  State 
Board  of  Education  and  for  co-operation  with  Federal  officials  in  carrying  out  a  rehabilitation  scheme. 
Massachusetts  "True  Name"  Hotel  Law — This  act,  in  effect  July  1,  provides  that  landlords  of 
hotels  and  lodging  houses  must  keep  a  register  in  which  every  person  who  rents  a  room  must  write  his  true 
name  and  place  of  residence,  and  the  true  name  and  residence  of  every  other  occupant  of  the  room.  Land- 
lords who  violate  the  law  or  close  their  eyes  to  its  violation,  may  be  fined  from  SlOO  to  S500,  and  costs. 
or  punished  with  ninety  days  imprisonment,  or  both.  Landlords  who  habitually  close  their  eyes  to  vio^ 
latioiis  may  be  fined  from  $500  to  51,000,  or  imprisoned  from  six  months  to  a  year,  or  both.  Hirers  of 
rooms  not  observing  the  law  may  be  fined  from  SIO  to  S15.  Occupants  of  rooms  must  see  that  the  provi- 
sions of  the  act  are  complied  with.     Ignorance  of  the  law  is  no  defense. 


CONGRESS    TURNS    THE    WIRES    OVER    TO    WILSON. 

(Public  Resolution  No.  38,  65th  Congress,  H.  J.  Res.  309.     Approved,  July  16,  1918.) 
Joint  resolution  to  authorize  the  President,  in  time  of  war,  to  supervise  or  take  possession  and  assume 
control  of  any  telegraph,  telephone,  marine  cable,  or  radio  system  or  systems  or  any  part  thereof,  and  to 
operate  the  same  in  such  manner  as  may  be  needful  or  desirable  for  the  duration  of  the  war,  and  to  pro- 
vide Just  compensation  therefor.  ; 

"Resolved  by  the  Senate  anA  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  Congress  as- 
sembled. That  the  President  during  the  continuance  of  the  present  war  is  authorized  and  empowered,  when- 
ever he  shall  deem  it  necessary  for  the  national  security  or  defense,  to  supervise  or  to  take  possession  and 
assume  control  oi  any  telegraph,  telephone,  marine  cable,  or  radio  system  or  systems,  or  any  part  thereof, 
and  to  operate  the  same  in  such  manner  as  may  be  needful  or  desirable  for  the  duration  of  the  war,  which 
supervision,  possession,  control,  or  operation  shall  not  extend  beyond  the  date  of  the  proclamation  by  the 
President  of  the  exchange  of  ratifications  of  the  treaty  of  peace:  Provided,  That  just  compensation  shall 
be  made  for  such  supervision,  possession,  control,  or  operation,  to  be  determined  by  the  Pi-esident;  and 
if  the  amount  thereof,  so  determined  by  the  President,  is  unsatisfactory  to  t)ie  person  entitled  to  receive 
the  same,  such  person  shall  be  paid  seventy-flve  per  centum  of  the  amount  so  determined  by  the  Presi- 
dent and  shall  be  entitled  to  sue  the  United  States  to  recover  such  fui'ther  sum  as,  added  to  said  seventy- 
flve  per  centum,  will  make  up  such  amount  as  will  be  just  compensation  therefor,  in  the  manner  provided 
for  by  section  twenty-four,  paragraph  twenty,  and  section  one  hundred  and  forty-five  of  the  Judicial  Code: 
Provided  further.  That  nothing  in  this  act  shall  be  construed  to  amend,  repeal,  impair,  or  affect  existing 
laws  or  powers  of  the  States  in  relation  to  taxation  or  the  lawful  police  regulations  of  the  several  States, 
except  wherein  such  laws,  powers,  or  regulations  may  affect  the  transmission  of  Government  communica- 
tions, or  the  issue  of  stocks  and  bonds  by  such  system  or  systems." 

Tlie  President  took  possession  and  assumed  control,  by  a  proclamation  dated  July  22,  1918,  in  which 
he  named  Postmaster-General  Burleson  as  Federal  Supervisor  of  the  wires.  Tliey  were  actually  taken 
over  by  Mr.  Burleson  at  12  o'clock,  midnight,  July  31,  1918. 


INTERNATIONAL    LAW,    AND    THE    WELFARE    OF    NATIONS. 

ON  April  27,  1918,  the  Executive  Council  of  the  American  Society  of  International  Law,  headefl  by 
Ellhu  Root,  adopted  the  following  statement:  "The  only  great  question  of  international  law  to-day  is 
whether  that  law  shall  continue  to  exist.  Upon  that  subject  the  American  Society  of  International  Law 
reaffirms  the  clear  and  unvarying  support  of  the  United  States  for  the  rule  of  law,  expressed  In  the  recog- 
nition of  international  law  in  the  Federal  Constitution,  in  the  decisions  of  its  highest  court  and  in  the  utter- 
ances of  Its  chief  magistrates  and  statesmen.  Mr.  Webster,  while  Secretary  of  State,  made  this  announce- 
ment: 

"  'Every  nation,  on  being  received,  at  her  own  request,  into  the  circle  of  civilized  governments,  must 
understand  that  she  not  only  attains  rights  of  sovereignty  and  the  dignity  of  national  character,  but  that  she 
binds  herself  to  the  strict  and  faithful  observance  of  all  those  principles,  laws,  and  usages  which  have  ob- 
tained currency  among  civilized  states,  and  which  have  for  their  object  the  mitigation  of  the  miseries  of 
war.' 

"President  Cleveland,  in  his  special  message  of  1893,  addressed  to  the  Congress  of  the  tJnited  States, 
said:  'The  law  of  nations  is  founded  upon  reason  and  justice,  and  the  rules  of  conduct  governing  individual 
relations  between  citizens  or  subjects  of  a  civilized  state  are  equally  applicable  as  between  enlightened  na- 
tions. The  considerations  tliat  international  law  is  without  a  court  for  its  enforcement  and  that  obedience 
to  its  commands  practically  depends  upon  good  faith  instead  of  upon  the  mandate  of  a  superior  tribunal 
only  give  additional  sanction  to  the  law  itsel!  and  brand  any  deliberate  infraction  of  it  not  merely  as  a  wrong, 
but  as  a  disgrace.  A  man  of  true  honor  protects  the  unwritten  word  which  binds  his  conscience  more  scru- 
pulously, if  possible,  than  he  does  the  bond  a  breach  of  which  subjects  him  to  legal  liabilities,  and  the  United 
States,  in  aiming  to  maintain  itself  as  one  of  the  most  enlightened  nations,  would  do  its  citizens  a  gross 
injustice  if    it  applied  to  its  international  relations  any  other  than  a  high  standard  of  honor  and  morality.' 

"Tile  council  would  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  entire  diplomatic  and  consular  service  of  all 
nations  operates  under  the  control  and  protection  of  international  law  That,  therefore,  all  the  vast  interests 
within  the  charge  of  these  agencies  must  be  left  unserved  and  unadministered  if  the  beneficent  provisions 
of  international  law  are  abandoned  or  disregarded.  They  further  venture  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that 
more  tlian  two-thirds  of  the  surface  of  the  globe  is  covered  by  the  high  seas,  that  no  law  is  current  thereon 
except  international  law;  that  noble  branch  of  law,  which  President  Wilson,  on  April  2,  1917,  addressing  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States,  declared  had  its  'origin  in  the  attempt  to  set  up  some  law  which  would  be 
respected  and  observed  upon  the  seas,  where  no  nation  had  right  of  dominion  and  where  lay  the  free  high- 
ways of  the  world.'  "By  painful  stage  after  stage,'  he  said,  'has  that  law  been  built  up  with  meagre  enough 
results  indeed  after  all  was  accomplished  that  could  be  accomplished,  but  always  with  a  clear  view  at  least 
of  what  the  heart  and  conscience  of  mankind  demanded.'  To  say  no  more  than  has  been  said  as  to  inter- 
national relations  upon  land  If  this  one  law  and  common  rule  which  guards  the  traffic  of  the  seas  is  allowed 
tt>  lapse  In  that  vast  and  preponderant  domain,  no  measure  of  right  and  justice,  no  rule  of  humanity  or, 
restraint  will  remain,  only  the  desolating  condition  which  the  vulgate  ascribes  to  hell,  Ubi  uullus  ordo  sed  1 
sempiternus  horror  inhabitat.  Therefore,  those  just  and  wise  doctrines  by  which  international  relations 
are  guided,  humanized,  and  controlled,  cannot  be  debilitated  or  abandoned.  Therefore,  they  must  be 
taught  by  our  scholars,  learned  by  our  rising  youth,  declared  and  defined  by  our  courts,  announced  by  our 
Congress,  enlarged  by  our  treaties,  and  enforced  by  our  Chief  Executive.  Therefore,  at  need,  our  army 
upon  the  land  and  our  navy  upon  the  sea,  with  a  spirit  and  devotion  which  have  never  declined,  must  main- 
tain and  defend  them,  not  for  the  goodjof  this  nation  or  this  time  alone,  but  for  the  good  of  all  nations  and 
fln  men,  now  and  lurevermore." 


584       U.  S.  Supreme  Court's  Opinion  on  Newspaper  Co7iiempt. 


UNITED    STATES    SUPREME    COURT'S    OFE?4IOM    ON    NEWSPAPER 

CONTEWJPT. 

(Rendered  at  the  Octobei  Term,  1918.) 

This  V7as  the  case  in  which  the  judge  of  the  Federal  District  Court,  at  Toledo,  O.,  fined,  for  contempt, 
tliu  dally  News-Bee,  and  its  editor,  Negley  D.  Cochran,  because  they  had  published  editorials  and  cartoons 
adverse  to  the  court,  which  had  issued  a  preliminary  injunction,  in  1914,  restraining  the  fcity  from  com- 
pelling 3-ccnt  lares  on  the  lines  of  the  Toledo  Railways  and  Light  Company.  The  paper  and  ts  ?ditor 
appealed  from  the  contempt  decision,  but  lost  their  case  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Unitad  States,  ?.hlch, 
alter  giving  a  history  of  the  controversy,  said,  through  Chief  Justice  White: 

"In  view  of  the  gravity  of  the  subject  we  proceed  to  consider  and  dispose  of  the  elaborate  arguments 
pressed  (by  the  defendant  paper).  They  are  all  embraced  by  the  three  following  propositions:  First, 
that  there  was  a  total  want  of  power  in  the  court  to  treat  the  matters  charged  In  the  information  as  a  con- 
tempt and  punish  It  accordingly  as  a  result  of  the  provisions  of  Section  268  of  the  Judicial  Code  (embody- 
ing the  text  of  the  Act  of  March  2,  1831,  4  Stat.  487);  second,  that  irrespective  of  the  prohibitions  of  that 
act,  there  was  a  want  of  power  to  abridge  the  freedom  of  the  press  by  punishing  as  for  a  summary  contempt 
comments  made  by  a  newspaper  upon  matters  of  public  concern;  and  third,  that  whatever  be  the  view  of 
the  two  former  propositions,  as  there  was  an  entire  absence  o!  proof  sustaining  the  ultimate  inferences  of 
fact  upon  which  the  court  based  its  conclusion,  such  conclusion  was  wholly  erroneous  as  a  matter  of  law. 
We  dispose  ol  the  propositions  under  separate  headings. 

"1.  SccllOH  268  of  the  Judicial  Code  and  its  forerunner,  the  Act  of  1831.  It  is  essential  to  recall  the 
situation  existing  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  the  Act  of  1831  in  order  to  elucidate  its  provisions.  In 
Marshall  v.  Gordon,  243  U.  S.  521,  the  power  of  Congress  to  summarily  punish  for  contempt  came  under 
consideration  and  it  was  there  pointed  out  that  the  enlarged  legislative  power  on  that  subject  which  pre- 
vailed in  England  prior  to  the  separation,  whether  based  upon  the  commingling  of  legislative  and  judicial 
authority  or  upon  any  other  cause,  was  necessarily  In  this  country  greatly  restricted  and  changed  by  the 
effect  of  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  and  the  operation  of  the  division  of  powers  and  the  guarantees 
and  hmitations  which  that  instrument  embodied.  Considering  this  condition  in  the  light  of  the  colonial 
legislation  on  the  subject  and  the  previous  State  constitutions,  it  was  pointed  out  that  it  had  come  to  be  es- 
tablished, either  by  express  constitutional  or  legislative  provisions  or  by  inevitable  implications  resting 
upon  the  very  existence  of  government,  that  while  the  limitations  as  to  mode  of  accusation  of  crime  and 
methods  of  trial  had  fundamentally  changed  the  situation  which  had  previously  existed,  such  change  had 
not  deprived  the  legislative  power  of  the  right,  irrespective  of  its  authority  by  legislation  to  provide  for  the 
trial  and  punishment  ol  criminal  acts,  in  addition  to  summarily  deal  by  way  of  contempt  proceedings  with 
wrongful  acts  obstructing  the  legislative  power  In  the  performance  of  its  duty.  This  authority,  it  was  held 
was  but  an  incident  of  the  powers  conferred  and  indeed  that  Its  exertion  in  ultimate  analysis  was  a  means 
ol  seeming  the  effective  operation  of  the  constitutional  limitations  as  to  mode  of  accusation  and  methods 
of  trial.  It  was  pointed  out  that  the  authority  thiLS  recognized  automatically  inhered  in  the  government 
created  by  the  Constitution,  was  sanctioned  by  a  long  line  of  judicial  decisions  and  by  State  and  Federal 
practice,  although  the  legislative  power,  doubtless  as  a  mere  conseauence  of  a  reminiscence  ol  what  had 
gone  before  and  momentarily  forgetful  of  the  limitations  resulting  from  the  Constitution,  had  sometimes 
exerted  authority  in  excess  of  that  which  it  was  decided  was  really  possessed. 

"Wliile  the  Marshall  case  concerned  the  exercise  of  legislative  power  to  deal  witli  contempt,  tlie  fun- 
damental principles  which  its  solution  involved  are  here  applicable  to  the  extent  that  they  may  not  be 
Inapposite  because  of  the  distinction  between  legislative  and  judicial  power.  Indeed  the  identity  of  the 
constitutional  principles  applicable  to  the  two  cases  subject  to  the  differences  referred  to  was  pointed  out  on 
pages  542  and  543,  where  it  was  said:  'So  also  when  the  difference  between  the  judicial  and  legislative  powers 
are  considered  and  the  divergent  elements  which  In  the  nature  of  things  enter  into  the  determination  of  what 
is  self-preservation  in  the  two  cases,  the  same  result  is  established  by  the  statutory  provisions  dealing  with 
the  judicial  authority  to  summarily  punish  for  contempt,  that  is,  without  resorting  to  the  modes  of  trial 
required  by  constitutional  limitations  or  otherwise  for  substantive  offenses  under  the  criminal  law.  Act 
ol  March  2,  1831,  4  Stat.  487.'  The  pertinent  provision  ol  Section  268  ol  the  Judicial  Code  is  as  follows: 
'The  said  courts  [United  States  courts]  shall  have  power  ...  to  punish,  by  fine  or  Imprisonment,  at  the 
discretion  of  the  court,  contempt  of  their  authority;  Provided,  That  .such  power  to  punish  for  contempts 
shall  not  be  construed  to  extend  to  any  cases  except  the  misbehavior  of  any  person  in  their  presence,  or  so 
near  thereto  as  to  obstruct  the  administration  of  justice  ..."  Clarified  by  the  matters  expounded  and 
the  ruling  made  In  the  Marshall  case,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  provision  conferred  no  power  not  already 
granted  and  imposed  no  limitations  not  already  existing.  In  other  words,  it  served  but  to  plainly  mark  the 
boundaries  of  the  existing  authority  resulting  from  and  controlled  by  the  grants  which  the  Constitution 
made  and  the  limitations  which  it  imposed.  And  this  is  not  at  all  modified  by  conceding  that  the  provision 
was  intended  to  prevent  the  danger  by  reminiscence  of  what  had  gone  before  of  attempts  to  exercise  a  power 
not  possessed,  which,  as  pointed  out  in  the  Marshall  case,  had  been  sometimes  done  in  the  exercise  of  legis- 
lative power.  The  provision,  therefore,  conformably  to  the  whole  history  of  the  country,  not  minimizing 
the  constitutional  limitations  ,nor  restricting  or  qualifying  the  powers  granted,  by  necessary  implication 
recognized  and  sanctioned  the  existence  of  the  right  of  self-preservation,  that  is,  the  power  to  restrain  acts 
tending  to  obstruct  and  prevent  the  untrammeled  and  unprejudiced  exercise  of  the  judicial  power  given  by 
summarily  treating  such  acts  as  a  contempt  and  punishing  accordingly.  The  test  therefore  is  the  character 
of  the  act  done  and  its  direct  tendency  to  prevent  and  obstruct  the  discharge  of  judicial  duty, — a  conclusion 
which  necessarily  sustains  the  view  of  the  statute  taken  by  the  courts  below  and  brings  us  to  the  second 
Question,  which  is: 

"2.  The  asserted  inapplicability  of  the  statute  under  the  assumption  that  the  publications  complained 
Of  related  to  a  matter  of  public  concern  and  were  safeguarded  from  being  made  the  basis  of  contempt  pro- 
ceedings by  the  assuredly  secui'ed  freedom  of  the  press.  We  might  well  pass  the  proposition  by  because 
to  state  it  Is  to  ailswer  it,  since  it  involves  in  its  very  statement  the  contention  that  the  freedom  of  the  press 
Is  the  freedom  to  do  wrong  with  Impunity  and  implies  the  right  to  frustrate  and  defeat  the  discharge  of  those 
governmental  duties  upon  the  performance  of  which  the  freedom  of  all,  including  that  ol  the  press,  depends. 
The  safeguarding  and  fructification  of  free  and  constitutional  institutions  is  the  very  basis  and  mainstay 
upon  which  the  freedom  of  the  press  rests  and  that  freedom  therefore  does  not  and  cannot  be  held  to  include 
the  right  virtually  to  destroy  such  institutions.  It  suffices  to  say  that  however  complete  is  the  right  of  the 
press  to  state  public  things  and  discuss  them,  that  right,  as  every  other  right  enjoyed  in  iiuman  society,  is 
subject  to  the  restraints  which  separate  right  from  wrong-doing.  The  contention  so  earnestly  pressed  that 
the  express  provision  found  in  a  statute  enacted  in  Pennsylvania  In  1809  following  the  impeachment  pro- 
ceedings against  Judge  Peck  dealing  with  the  extent  of  the  power  to  base  a  contempt  proceeding  upon  a 
newspaper  publication  should  be  by  implication  read  into  the  Act  of  1831,  and  by  filtration  implied  in  Sec- 
tion 268,  Judicial  Code,  we  think  is  answered  by  its  mere  statement  since,  if  it  be  conceded  for  argument's 
sake  only  that  the  provision  in  the  Pennsylvania  statute  relied  upon  had  the  significance  now  attributed  to  it 
and  that  the  Pennsylvania  statute  was  the  model  of  the  Act  of  1831,  the  omission  from  that  act  of  the  pro- 
vision referred  to  as  it  existed  in  the  Pennsylvania  law  is  the  strongest  possible  evidence  of  the  purpose  not 
to  enact  such  provision. 

"3.     The  contenti07i  that  there  was  no  evidence  loha  lever  to  justify  attributing  lo  the  vOMcations  the  coil' 


Confederate  Soldiers'  Hornes.  585 


U.  S  SUPREME  COURT'S  DECISION  ON  NEWSPAPER  CONTEMPT— Co7itinued. 


sequence  pfobstruaton  and  therefore  no  legal  basis  for  the  conclusion  of  guilt  and  resulting  right  to  impose  venal- 
ties.  It  !S  to  be  observed  that  our  power  in  disposing  of  this  objection  is  not  to  test  divergent  contentions 
as  to  the  weight  of  the  evidence  but  simply  to  consider  the  legal  question  whether  the  evidentiary  facts  found 
had  any  reasonable  tendency  to  sustain  the  general  conclusions  of  fact  based  upon  them  by  the  courts  below. 
Considering  the  subject  m  this  aspect  again  we  are  constrained  to  say  that  the  contention  on  the  face  of  the 
I'ccord  IS  too  plainly  devoid  of  merit  to  require  any  detailed  review.  Indeed  we  are  of  opinion  that  the 
court  below  was  right  in  saying  concerning  the  ultimate  conclusions  of  fact  upon  which  its  action  was  based 
that  It  was  'difficult  to  see  how  any  other  findings  could  have  been  made.'  True,  it  is, urged  that  although  the 
matters  which  were  made  the  basis  of  the  findings  were  published  at  the  place  wher^e  the  proceedings  were 
pending  and  under  the  circumstances  which  we  have  stated  in  a  daily  paper  having  a  large  circulation,  as  It 
was  not  shown  that  they  had  been  seen  by  the  presiding  judge  or  had  been  circulated  in  the  court  room, 
they  did  and  could  form  no  basis  for  an  inference  of  guilt.  But  the  situation  is  controlled  by  the  reasonable 
tendencies  of  the  acts  done  and  not  by  extreme  and  substantially  impossible  assumptions  on  the  subject. 
Again  It  is  said  there  is  no  proof  that  the  mind  of  the  judge  was  influenced  or  his  purpose  to  do  his  duty 
obstructed  or  restrained  by  the  publications  and  therefore  there  was  no  proof  tending  to  show  the  wrong  com- 
plamed  of.  But  here  again  not  tlie  influence  upon  the  mind  of  the  particular  judge  is  the  criterion  but  the 
reasonable  tendency  of  the  acts  done  to  influence  or  bring  about  the  baleful  result  is  the  test.  In  other  words, 
having  regard  to  the  powers  conferred,  to  the  protection  of  society,  to  the  honest  and  fair  administration  of 
3UStice  and  to  the  evil  to  come  from  its  obstruction,  the  wrong  depends  upon  the  tendency  of  the  acts  to 
accomplish  this  result  without  reference  to  the  consideration  of  how  far  thev  may  have  been  without  in- 
fluence in  a  particular  case.  The  wrongdoer  may  not  be  heard  to  try  the  power  of  the  judge  to  resist  acts 
o!  obstruction  and  wrongdoing  by  him  committed  as  a  prelude  to  trial  and  punishment  for  his  wrongful 
acts." 

Justices  Holmes  and  Brandeis  dissented,  holding  the  paper  and  its  editor  were  liable  not  to  summarv 
contempt  but  simply  to  an  indictment  proceeding,  Justice  Kolmes  saying:  "In  England,  I  believe,  the  usual 
course  is  to  proceed  in  the  regular  way  by  indictment.  I  mention  this  fact  and  the  later  statute  only  for 
their  bearing  upon  the  meaning  of  the  exception  in  our  law.  When  it  is  considered  how  contrary  it  is  to 
our  practice  and  ways  of  thinking  for  the  same  person  to  be  accuser  and  sole  judge  in  a  matter  which,  if 
he  be  sensitive,  may  involve  strong  personal  feeling,  I  should  expect  the  power  to  be  limited  by  the  necessi- 
ties of  the  case  'to  insure  order  and  decorum  in  their  presence'  as  it  is  stated  in  Ex  parte  Robinson,  19  Wall. 
o05.  Sec  Prynne,  Plea  for  the  Lords,  309,  cited  in  ;\lcllwain.  The  High  Court  of  Parliament  and  Its  Su- 
premacy, 191.  And  when  the  words  of  the  statute  are  read  it  .seems  to  me  that  the  limit  is  too  plain  to  be 
construed  away.  To  my  mind  they  point  and  point  only  to  the  present  protection  of  the  Court  from  actual 
interference,  and  not  to  postponed  retribution  for  lack  of  respect  for  its  dignity — not  to  moving  to  vindi- 
cate its  independence  after  enduring  the  newspaper's  attacks  for  nearly  six  montlis  as  the  Court  did  in  this 
case.  Without  Invoking  the  rule  of  strict  construction  I  think  that  'so  near  as  to  obstruct'  means  so  near 
as  actually  to  obstruct — and  not  merely  near  enough  to  threaten  a  possible  obstruction.  'So  near  as  to' 
refers  to  an  accomplished  fact,  and  the  word  'misbehavior'  strengthens  the  construction  I  adopt.  Mis- 
behavior means  something  more  thau  adverse  comment  or  disrespect. 

"But  suppose  that  an  imminent  possibility  of  obstruction  is  sufficient.  Still  I  think  that  only  im- 
mediate and  necessary  action  is  contemplated,  and  that  no  case  for  summary  proceedings  is  made  out  if 
after  the  event  publications  are  called  to  the  attention  of  the  judge  that  might  have  led  to  an  obstruction 
although  they  did  not.  So  far  as  appears  that  is  the  present  case.  But  I  will  go  a  step  farther.  The  order 
for  the  information  recites  that  from  time  to  time  sundry  numbers  of  the  paper  haA'e  come  to  the  attention 
of  the  judge  as  a  daily  reader  of  it,  and  I  will  assume,  from  that  and  the  opinion,  that  he  read  them  as  they 
came  out,  and  I  will  assume  further  that  he  was  entitled  to  rely  upon  his  private  knowledge  without  a  state- 
ment in  open  court.  But  a  judge  of  the  United  States  is  expected  to  be  a  man  of  ordinary  firmness  of  char- 
acter, and  I  find  it  impossible  to  believe  that  such  a  judge  could  have  found  in  anything  that  was  printed 
even  a  tendency  to  prevent  his  performing  his  sworn  duty.  I  am  not  considering  whether  there  was  a  techni- 
cal contempt  at  common  law  but  whether  what  was  done  falls  within  the  words  of  an  act  intended  and  ad- 
mitted to  limit  the  power  of  the  Courts.  The  chief  thing  done  was  to  print  statements  of  a  widespread 
public  intent  to  board  the  cars  and  refuse  to  pay  more  than  three  cents  even  if  the  judge  condemned  the 
ordinance,  statements  favoring  the  course,  if  you  like,  and  mention  of  the  city  officials  who  intended  to 
back  It  up.  This  popular  movement  was  met  on  the  part  of  the  railroad  by  directing  its  conductors  not 
to  accept  three  cent  fares  but  to  carry  passengers  free  who  refused  to  pay  more;  so  that  all  danger  of  violence 
on  that  score  was  avoided,  even  if  it  was  a  danger  tliat  in  any  way  concerned  the  Court.  The  newspaper 
further  gave  one  or  two  premature  but  ultimately  correct  intimations  of  what  the  judge  was  going  to  do, 
made  one  mistaken  statement  of  a  ruling  which  it  criticised  indirectly,  uttered  a  few  expressions  that  im- 
pUed  that  the  judge  did  not  have  the  last  word  and  that  no  doubt  contained  innuendoes  not  flattering  to 
his  personality. 

"Later  there  was  an  account  of  a  local  socialist  meeting  at  which  a  member,  one  Quinlivan,  spoke  In 
such  a  way  that  the  judge  attached  him  for  contempt  and  thereupon,  on  the  same  day  that  the  decree  was 
entered  in  the  principal  case,  the  paper  reported  as  the  grounds  of  the  attachment  that  Quinlivan  had  pro- 
nounced Judge  Killits  to  have  shown  from  the  first  that  he  was  favorable  to  the  railroad,  had  criticised, 
somewhat  ignorantty  a  ruling  said  to  put  the  burden  of  proof  on  the  city,  and  had  said  that  Killits  and  his 
press  were  unfair  to  the  people,  winding  up  'impeach  Killits.'  I  confess  that  I  cannot  find  in  all  this  or 
in  the  evidence  in  the  case  anything  that  would  liave  affected  a  mind  of  reasonable  fortitude,  and  still  less 
can  I  find  there  anything  that  obstructed  the  administration  of  justice  in  any  sense  that  I  possibly  can  give 
to  those  words.  In  the  elaborate  opinion  that  was  delivered  by  Judge  Killits  to  justify  the  judgment  it 
is  said  'In  this  matter  the  record  shows  tliat  tlie  Court  endured  the  News-Bee's  attacks  upon  suitors  before 
it  and  upon  the  Court  itself,  and  carried  all  the  embarrassment  inevitable  from  these  publications,  for  nearly 
six  months  before  moving  to  vindicate  Its  independence.'  It  appears  to  me  that  this  statement  is  enough 
to  show  that  there  was  no  emergency,  that  there  was  nothing  that  warranted  a  finding  that  the  adminis- 
tration of  justice  was  obstructed,  or  a  resort  to  this  summary  proceeding,  but  that  on  the  contrary  when 
the  matter  was  over,  the  judge  thought  that  the  "consistently  unfriendly  attitude  against  the  Court,  and 
the  fact  that  the  publications  tended  to  arouse  distrust  and  dislike  of  the  Court,'  were  sufficient  to  justify 
this  information  and  a  heavy  fine.     They  may  have  been,  but  not,  I  think,  in  this  form  of  trial. 

"I  wotild  go  as  far  as  any  man  in  lavor  of  the  sharpest  and  most  summary  enforcement  of  order  In  Court 
aod  obedit-nce  to  decrees,  but  when  there  is  no  need  for  immediate  act  ion  contempts  are  like  any  other  breach 
of  law  and  should  be  dealt  with  as  the  law  deals  with  other  illegal  acts.  Action  like  the  present  in  my 
opinion  is  wholly  unwarranted  by  even  color  of  law." 


CONFEDERAiTE    SOLDIERS'    HOMES. 

Atlanta,  Ga.:  Austin,  Tex,;  Beauvoir,  Miss.;  Columbia,  S.  C;  Hermitaee,  Tenn.;  Hlgginsvllle,  Mo.; 
Jacksonville.  Fla.:  Little  Rock.  Ark.;  Mountain  Creek,  Ala.:  New  Orleans,  La.;  Pewee  Valley,  Ky.,  Pikes- 
ville,  Md.;   Raleigh.  N,  C;  Richmond,  Va. 


586         Decision  U.  S.  Sup.  Court  Upsetting  Child  Labor  Law. 


SUPREME    COURT    CHILD    LABOR    LAW. 

The  decision  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  rendered  in  October,  1918,  by  Justice  Day,  &ttd 
concurred  In  by  Chief  Justice  White,  and  by  Justices  Day,  Van  Devanter,  Pitney  And  McReynolds — five 
oi;t  of  nine — was  as  follows:  "A  bill  was  filed  in  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Weetem  District 
of  North  Carolina,  by  a  father  in  his  own  behalf  and  as  next  friend  of  his  two  minor  sons,  one  under  the 
age  of  fourteen  years  and  the  other  between  the  ages  of  fourteen  and  sixteen  years,  employees  in  a  cotton 
juill  at  Charlotte,  North  Carolina,  to  enjoin  the  enforcement  of  the  act  of  Congress  intended  to  prevent 
interstate  commerce  in  the  products  of  child  labor.  39  Stat.  675,  ch.  432.  The  district  court  held  that  the 
!),ct  was  unconstitutional  and  entered  a  decree  enjoining  its  enforcement.  This  appeal  biings  the  case  hei'c. 
The  first  section  of  the  act  states:  'That  no  producer,  manufacturer,  or  dealer  shall  ship  or  deliver  for  ship- 
ment in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  any  article  or  commodity  the  product  of  any  mine  or  quarry,  sit- 
uated in  the  United  States,  in  which  v/ithln  thirty  days  prior  to  the  time  of  the  removal  of  such  product 
therefrom  children  under  the  age  of  sixteen  years  have  been  employed  or  permitted  to  work,  or  any  article 
or  commodity  the  product  of  any  mill,  cannery,  workshop,  factory,  or  manufacturing  establishment,  sit- 
uated in  the  United  States,  in  which  within  thirty  days  prior  to  the  removal  of  such  product  therefrom 
children  under  the  age  of  fourteen  year.'j  have  been  employed  or  permitted  to  work,  or  children  between 
the  ages  of  fourteen  years  and  sixteen  years  have  been  employed  or  permitted  to  work  more  than  eight 
hours  in  any  day,  or  more  than  six  days  in  any  week,  or  alter  tiie  hour  of  seven  o'clock  post-meridian,  or 
before  the  hour  of  six  o'clock  aute-meridian.'  Other  sections  of  the  act  contain  provisions  for  its  enforce- 
ment and  prescribe  penalties  for  its  violation. 

"The  attack  upon  the  act  rests  upon  three  propositions:  First,  it  is  not  a  regulation  of  interstate  and 
foreign  commerce;  Second,  it  contravenes  the  Tenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution;  Third,  it  conflicts 
with  the  Fifth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution.  The  controlling  question  for  decision  is:  Is  it  within  the 
authority  of  Congress  in  regulating  commerce  among  the  States  to  prohibit  the  transportation  in  inter- 
state commerce  of  manufactured  goods,  the  product  of  a  factory  in  which,  v/ithin  thirty  days  prior  to  theu- 
removal  therefrom,  children  under  the  age  of  fourteen  have  been  employed  or  permitted  to  work,  or  chil- 
dren between  the  ages  of  fourteen  and  sixteen  years  have  been  employed  or  permitted  to  work  more  than 
eight  hours  in  any  day,  or  more  than  six  days  in  any  week,  or  after  the  hoiu-  of  seven  o'clock  P.  M.,  or  be- 
fore the  hour  of  six  o'clock  A.  M.?  The  power  essential  to  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  government  contends, 
is  found  in  the  commerce  clause  of  the  Constitution  wliich  authorizes  congress  to  regulate  commerce  with 
foreign  nations  and  among  the  States.  In  Gibbons  v.  Ogdcn,  9  Wheaton  1,  Chief  Justice  Marshall,  speak- 
ing for  this  court,  and  defining  the  extent  and  nature  of  the  commerce  pov,-er,  said,  'It  is  the  power  to  regu- 
late, that  is  to  prescribe  the  rule  by  which  commerce  is  to  be  governed.'  In  other  words,  the  power  is  one 
to  control  the  means  by  which  commerce  is  carried  on,  which  is  directly  the  contrary  of  the  assumed  right 
to  forbid  commerce  from  mo\ang  and  thus  destroying  it  as  to  particular  commodities.  But  it  is  insisted 
that  adjudged  cases  In  this  court  establish  the  doctrine  that  the  power  to  regulate  given  to  Congress  in- 
cidentally includes  the  authority  to  prohibit  the  movement  of  ordinary  commodities  and  therefore  that 
the  subject  is  not  open  for  discussion.  The  eases  demonstrate  the  contrary.  They  rest  upon  the  character 
of  the  particular  subjects  dealt  with  and  the  fact  that  the  scope  of  governmental  authority.  State  or  na- 
tional, possessed  over  them  is  such  that  the  authority  to  prohibit  is  as  to  them  but  the  exertion  of  the  power 
to  regulate. 

"The  first  of  these  cases  is  Champion  v.  Ames.  18S  U.  S.  321,  the  so-called  Lottery  Cane,  in  which  it  wa.s 
held  that  Congress  might  pass  a  law  having  the  effect  to  keep  the  channels  of  commerce  free  from  use  in  the 
transportation  of  tickets  used  in  the  promotion  of  lottery  schemes.  In  Hipolile  Egg  Co.  v.  United  State.1, 
220  U.  S.  45,  this  court  sustained  the  pov/er  of  Congress  to  pass  the  Pure  Food  and  Drug  Act,  which  pro- 
hibited the  introduction  into  the  states  by  means  of  interstate  commerce  of  impure  foods  and  drugs.  In 
Hoke  v.  United  States,  227  U.  S.  308,  this  court  sustained  the  constitutionality  of  the  so-called  'WTiite  Slave 
Traffic  Act,"  whereby  the  transportation  of  a  woman  in  interstate  commerce  for  tile  purpose  of  prostitution 
was  forbidden.  In  that  case,  we  have  said,  having  reference  to  the  authority  of  Congress,  un<;er  the  regu- 
latory power,  to  protect  the  channels  of  interstate  commerce:  'If  the  facility  of  interstate  transportation 
can  be  taken  away  from  the  demoralization  of  lotteries,  the  debasement  of  obscene  literature,  the  contagion 
of  diseased  cattle  or  persons,  the  impurity  of  foods  and  drugs,  the  like  facility  can  be  taken  away  from  the 
systematic  enticement  to  and  the  enslavement  in  prostitution  and  debauchei'y  of  women,  and,  more  in- 
sistently, of  girls.'  In  Caminclti  v.  United  Stales,  242  U.  S.  470,  we  held  that  Congress  might  prohibit  the 
transportation  of  women  in  interstate  commerce  for  the  purposes  of  debauchery  and  kindred  purposes. 
In  Clark  DisliUing  Co.  v.  Western  l\Janjland  Railway  Co.,  242  U.  S.  311,  the  power  of  Congress  over  the 
transportation  of  intoxicating  liquors  was  sustained.  In  the  course  of  the  ojiinion  it  was  said:  'The  power 
conferred  is  to  regulate  and  the  very  terms  of  the  grant  would  seem  to  repel  the  convention  thai  only  pro- 
hibition of  movement  in  interstate  commerce  was  embraced.  And  the^cogency  of  this  is  manifest  since 
if  the  doctrine  were  applied  to  tliose  manifold  and  important  subjects  of  interstate  commerce  as  to  which 
Congress  from  the  beginning  has  regulated,  not  prohibited,  the  existence  of  government  under  the  Covsti- 
tution  would  be  no  longer  possible.'  And  concluding  the  discussion  which  sustained  the  jiuthority  of  the 
government  to  prohibit  the  transportation  of  liquor  in  interstate  commerce,  the  coiu-t  said :    ' .  the 

exceptional  nature  of  the  subject  here  regulated  is  the  basis  upon  v/h;ch  the  exceptional  power  exerted  must 
rest  and  affords  no  ground  for  any  fear  that  such  power  may  be  constitutionally  extended  to  thing;;  which 
it  may  not,  consistently  with  the  guarantees  of  the  Constitution,  embrace.'  In  each  of  these  Instances  the 
use  of  interstate  transportation  was  necessary  to  the  accomplishment  of  harmful  results.  In  other  words, 
although  the  power  over  interstate  transportation  was  to  regulate,  that  could  only  be  accomplished  by 
prohibiting  the  use  of  the  facilities  of  Interstate  commerce  to  effect  the  evil  intended.  This  element  is  want- 
ing in  the  present  case.  The  thing  intended  to  be  accomplished  by  this  statute  is  the  denial  of  the  facilities 
of  interstate  commerce  to  those  manufactui'ers  in  the  States  who  employ  children  within  the  prohibited 
ages.  The  act  In  its  effect  does  not  regulate  transportation  among  the  States,  but  aims  to  standardize  the 
ages  at  which  children  may  be  employed  in  mining  and  manufacturing  within  the  States.  The  goods  shipped 
are  of  themselves  harmless.  The  act  permits  them  to  be  freely  shipped  after  thirty  days  from  the  time  of 
their  removal  from  the  factory.  When  offered  for  shipment,  and  before  transportation  be^ns,  the  labor 
ot  their  production  la  over,  and  the  mere  fact  that  they  were  intended  for  interstate  commerce  traT\spor- 
tation  does  not  make  their  production  subject  to  Federal  control  under  the  commerce  power. 

"Commerce  'consists  of  intercourse  and  traflflc  .  .  .  and  includes  the  transportation  of  person.s  and 
property,  aswell  as  the  purchase,  sale  and  exchange  of  commodities.'  The  making  of  goods  and  the  min- 
ing of  coal  are  not  commerce,  nor  does  the  fact  that  these  things  are  to  be  afterwards  .shipped,  or  used  in 
Interstate  commerce,  make  their  production  a  part  tliereof.  Delaware,  Lackawanna  c6  Westerti  R.  R.  Co. 
V.  YuTkonis,  238  U.  S.  439.  Over  interstate  transportation,  or  its  Incidents,  the  regulatory  power  of  Con- 
gress is  ample,  but  the  jiroduction  of  articles,  intended  for  interstate  commerce,  is  a  matter  of  local  regula- 
tion. 'When  the  commerce  begins  is  determined,  not  by  the  character  of  the  commodity,  nor  by  the  inten- 
tion of  the  owner  to  transfer  it  to  another  State  for  sale,  nor  by  his  preparation  of  It  for  transportation, 
but  by  ita  actual  delivery  to  a  common  carrier  for  transportation,  or  the  actual  commencement  of  its  trans- 
fer to  another  State."  (Mr.  Justice  Jackson  In  In  re  Green,  62  Fed.  113.)  This  principle  has  been  recog- 
nized often  in  this  court.  Coe  v.  Enol,  116'U.  S.  517;  Bacon  v.  Illinois,  227  U.  S;  504,  and  cases  cited.  If 
it  were  otherwise,  all  manufacture  intended  for  inter,state  shipment  would  be  brought  under  Federal  control 


Decision  if.  S.  Sup.  Court  Upsetting  Child  Labor  Law—Cont.    587 


,     ,  .   ,      ,  ^-  •.      ,_      ,  .  -  ,    ,   r, — nty  Of  Congress  may  be  exerted  to 

coni.rol  interstate  commerce  m  the  sliipmeut  of  child-made  goods  because  of  the  effect  of  the  circulation  of 
such  goods  in  other  States  where  the  evil  of  this  class  of  labor  has  been  recognized  by  local  legislation  and 
the  right  to  thas  employ  child  labor  has  been  more  rigorously  restrained  than  in  the  State  of  production 
In  other  words,  that  the  unfair  competition,  thus  engendered,  may  be  controlled  by  closing  the  channels 
of  interstate  commerce  to  manufacturers  in  those  States  where  the  local  laws  do  not  meet  what  Congress 
aeems  to  be  the  more  just  standard  of  other  States. 

"There  is  no  power  vested  in  Congress  to  require  the  States  to  exercise  their  police  power  so  as  to  pre- 
vent possible  unfair  competition.  Many  causes  may  co-operate  to  give  one  State,  bv  reason  of  local  laws  or 
conditions,  an  economic  advantage  over  others.  The  Commerce  Clause  was  not  intended  to  give  to  Congress 
a  general  authority  to  equalize  such  conditions.  In  some  of  the  States  law.'s  have  been  passed  fixing  mini- 
mum wages  for  women,  in  various  employments.  Bu.siness  done  in  such  States  may  be  at  an  economic 
disadvantage  when  compared  with  States  whicli  have  no  such  )-egulations;  surely,  tliis  fact  does  not  give 
Congress  the  power  to  deny  transportation  in  interstate  commerce  to  those  who  carry  on  business  where 
the  hours  of  labor  and  the  rate  of  compeiioation  for  women  have  not  been  fixed  by  a  standard  in  use  in  other 
States  and  approved  by  Congress.  The  grant  of  power  to  Congress  over  the  subject  of  interstate  commerce 
was  to  enable  it  to  regulate  such  commerce,  and  not  to  give  it  authority  to  control  the  States  in  their  exer- 
cise of  the  police  power  over  local  trade  and  manufacture.  The  grant  of  authority  over  a  pm-ely  Federal 
matter  was  not  intended  to  destroy  the  local  power  always  existing  and  carefully  reserved  to  the  States  in 
the  Tenth  Amendment  to  the  Constitution.  Police  regulations  relating  to  the  internal  trade  and  affairs 
of  the  States  have  been  uniformly  recognized  as  within  such  control.  'This,'  said  the  court  in  United  St'.:Us 
V.  Deioitt,  9  Wall,  41,  45,  'lias  been  so  frequently  declared  by  this  court,  results  so  obviously  from  the  terms 
of  the  Constitution,  and  has  been  so  fully  explained  and  supported  on  former  occasions,  that  we  think  it 
unnecessary  to  enter  again  upon  the  discussion."  See  Keller  v.  Utiited  States,  213  U.  S.  138,  144,  145,  146. 
Cooley's  Constitutional  Limitations,  7th  Ed.  p.  11. 

"In  the  judgment  which  established  the  broad  power  of  Congress  over  interstate  comm.erce.  Chief 
Justice  Marshall  said  (9  Wheaton  203):  'They  [inspection  laws)  act  upon  the  subject  before  it  becomes  an 
article  of  foreign  commerce,  or  of  commerce  among  the  States,  and  prepare  it  for  that  purpose.  They  form 
a  portion  of  that  immense  mass  of  legislation,  which  embraces  everything  within  tiie  territory  of  a  State, 
not  flurrendered  to  the  General  Government;  all  of  which  can  be  most  advantageously  exercised  by  the  States 
themselves.  Inspection  laws,  quarantine  laws,  health  laws  of  every  description,  as  well  as  laws  for  regulat- 
ing the  internal  commerce  of  a  State,  and  those  which  respect  turnpike  roads,  ferries,  etc.,  are  component 
parts  of  this  mass.'  And  in  Dartmouth  College  v.  Woodtvard,  4  Wheaton  518,  629,  th&  same  great  judge 
said:  'That  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  did  not  intend  to  restrain  the  States  in  the  regulation  of  their 
civil  Institutions,  adopted  for  internal  government,  and  that  the  instrument  they  have  given  us  is  not  to 
be  so  construed  may  be  admitted.'  That  there  should  be  limitations  upon  the  right  to  employ  children  in 
mines  and  factories  in  the  interest  of  their  own  and  the  public  vvelfare,  all  will  admit.  That  such  employ- 
ment is  generally  deemed  to  require  regulation  is  sliown  by  the  fact  that  the  brief  of  counsel  states  that  every 
State  in  the  Union  has  a  law  upon  the  subject,  limiting  the  right  to  thus  employ  children.  In  North  Caro- 
lina, the  State  wherein  is  located  the  factory  in  which  the  employment  was  had  in  the  present  case,  no  child 
under  twelve  years  of  age  is  permitted  to  work.  It  may  be  desirable  that  such  laws  be  uniform,  but  our 
Federal  Government  Ls  one  of  enumerated  powers;  'this  principle,'  declared  Chief  Justice  Marshall  in  Mc- 
Cullocft  V.  Maryland,  4  Wlieat.  316,  'is  universally  admitted.' 

"A  statute  must  be  judged  by  its  natural  and  reasonable  effect.  CoUin.t  v.  New  Hampshire,  171  U. 
S.  30,  33,  34.  The  control  by  Congress  ovtir  interstate  commerce  cannot  authorize  the  exercise  of  authority 
not  entrusted  to  it  by  the  Constitution.  Pipe  Line  Case,  234  U.  S.  548,  500.  The  maintenance  of  the  au- 
thority of  the  States  over  matters  purely  local  is  as  essential  to  the  preservation  of  our  institutions  as  is  the 
conservation  of  the  supremacy  of  the  Fedcal  power  in  all  matters  entrusted  to  the  Nation  by  the  Federal 
Constitution.  In  interpreting  the  Constitution  it  must  never  be  forgotten  that  the  Nation  is  made  up  of 
States  to  which  are  entrusted  the  powers  of  local  government.  And  to  them  and  to  the  people  the  powers 
not  expressly  delegated  to  the  National  Government  are  reserved.  Lane  County  v.  Oregon,  7  Wall  71,  76. 
The  power  of  the  States  to  regulate  their  purely  internal  affairs  by  such  laws  as  seem  wise  to  the  local  author- 
ity is  inherent  and  has  never  been  surrendered  to  the  general  Government.  New  York  v.  Miln,  11  Peters, 
102,  139;  Slaughter  House  Cases,  16  Wall.  36,  63;  Kidd  v.  Pearson,  supra.  To  sustain  this  statute  would 
not  be  in  our  judgment  a  recognition  of  the  lawful  exertion  of  congressional  authority  over  interstate  com- 
merce, but  would  sanction  an  invasion  by  the  Federal  power  the  control  of  a  matter  purely  local  in  its 
character,  and  over  which  no  authority  has  been  delegated  to  Congress  in  conferring  the  power  to  regulate 
commerce  among  the  States. 

"Wc  have  neither  authority  nor  disposition  to  question  the  motives  of  Congress  in  enacting  this  legis- 
lation. The  purposes  intended  must  be  atliijned  consistently  with  constitutional  limitations  and  not  by  an 
Invasion  of  the  powers  of  the  States.  This  court  has  no  more  important  function  than  that  which  devolves 
upon  it  the  obligation  to  preserve  inviolate  the  constitutional  limitations  upon  the  exercise  of  authority 
Federal  and  State  to  the  end  that  each  may  continue  to  discharge,  harmoniously  with  the  other,  the  duties 
entrusted  to  it  by  the  Constitution.  In  our  view  the  necessary  effect  of  this  act  is,  by  means  of  a  prohibi- 
tion against  the  movement  in  interstate  commerce  of  ordinary  commercial  commodities  to  regulate  the 
hours  of  labor  of  children  in  factories  and  mines  within  the  States,  a  purely  State  authority.  Thus  the  act 
in  a  two-fold  sense  is  repugnant  to  the  Constitution.  It  not  only  transcends  the  authority  delegated  to 
Congress  over  commerce  but  also  exerts  a  power  as  to  a  purely  local  matter  to  which  the  Federal  authority 
floes  not  extend.  The  far  reaching  result  of  upholding  the  act  cannot  be  more  plainly  indicated  tnan  by 
pointing  out  that  if  Congress  can  thus  regulate  matters  entrusted  to  local  authority  by  prqhibition  of  the 
movement  of  commodities  in  interstate  commerce,  all  freedom  of  commerce  will  be  at  an  end,  and  the  power 
of  the  States  over  local  matters  may  be  eliminated,  and  thus  our  system  of  government  be  practically  de- 
stroyed. For  these  reasons  we  hold  that  this  law  exceeds  the  constitutional  authority  of  Congress.  It  follows 
that  the  decree  of  the  district  court  must  be  affirmed."  .      .,^  , 

The  dissenting  opinion  of  the  minority  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  read  by  Justice  Holmes, 
and  concurred  in  by  Brandeis,  McKenna  and  Clarke,  said:  'The  single  question  in  this  case  is  whether 
Congress  has  power  to  prohibit  the  shipment  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce  of  any  product  of  a  cotton 
mill  situated  in  the  United  States  in  Wiiich  witliin  thirty  days  before  the  removal  of  the  product  children 
under  fourteen  have  been  emploved  more  than  eight  hours  in  a  day  or  more  than  six  days  in  anyf week, 
or  between  seven  in  the  evening  and  six  in  the  morning.  The  objection  urged  against  the  power  is  that 
the  States  have  exclusive  control  over  their  methods  of  production  and  that  Congress  cannot  meddle  with 
them,  and  taking  the  prooosition  in  the  sense  of  direct  intermeddling  I  agree  to  it  and  suppose  that  no  one 
denies  it.  But  if  any  act  is  within  the  powers  specifically  conferred  upon  Congress,  it  seems  to  me  that  it 
Is  not  made  any  lesa  constitutional  because  of  the  indirect  effects  that  it  may  have,  however  obvious  it  may 
be  that  it  will  have  those  effects,  and  that  we  are  not  at  liberty  upon  such  grounds  to  hold  it  void.  Ihc 
first  step  in  my  argument  is  to  make  plain  what  no  one  is  .likely  to  dispute — that  the  statute  in  question 
Is  within  the  power  expressly  given  to  Congress  if  considered  only  as  to  its  immediate  effects  ana  that  u 
Invalid  it  Is  so  only  upon  some  collateral  ground.  The  statute  confines  Itself  to  prohibiting  the  carriage  or 
certain  goods  in  interstate  or  foreign  commerce.    Congress  is  given  power  to  regulate  such  commerce  in 


588  Knights  of  Pythias. 


DECISION  U.  S.  SUPREME  COURT  UPSETTING  CHILD  LABOR  LAW Cormnued. 

unqualified  terms.  It  would  uot  be  argued  to-day  tliat  the  power  to  regulate  does  not  include  tlic  power 
to  prohibit.  Regulation  means  the  prohibition  of  something,  and  when  interstate  commerce  is  tne  matter 
to  be  regulated  I  cannot  doubt  that  the  jesulatlou  may  prohibit  any  part  of  such  commerce  that  Congress 
sees  fit  to  forbid.  At  all  events  it  is  established  by  tlie  LoUenj  Case  and  otners  that  have  followed  it  that 
a  law  is  not  beyond  the  regulative  power  of  Congrcs.s  merel.v  because  it  prohibits  certain  transportation 
out  and  out.  Champion  v.  Ames,  188  U.  S.  321,  355,  359,  et  seq.  So  I  repeat  that  this  statute  in  its  imme- 
diate operation  is  clearly  within  the  Congres.'i's  constitutional  power.  The  question  then  is  narrowed  to 
v,rhether  ttio  exercise  of  its  otherwise  constitutional  power  by  Congress  can  be  pronounced  unconstitutional 
hecattse  of  its  possible  reaction  upon  the  conduct  of  the  States  in  a  matter  upon  whicOi  I  have  iidmitted 
taat  the\'  pre  free  from  dirpct  control.  I  should  have  thought  tiiat  that  matter  had  Leen  disponed  of  so 
fully  as  to  leave  no  room  for  doubt.  I  should  have  thought  that  the  most  conspicuous  decisions  of  tbJs 
court  had  made  it  clear  that  the  power  to  regulate  commerce  nnd  other  constitutional  powers  could  uot  be 
cut  down  or  qualified  by  the  fact  that  it  might  interfere  with  the  carrying  out  of  the  doiricstic  policy  of  any- 
State. 

"The  manufacture  of  oleomargarine  is  as  much  a  matter  of  State  regulation  as  I'le  manufacture  of 
cotton  elotii.  Congress  levied  a  tax  upon  tite  compound  when  colored  so  as  to  resemble  butter  that  was  so 
great  as  ol;\lously  to  prohibit  the  manufacture  and  sale.  In  a  \'cry  elaborate  discusiion  the  present  Chief 
.Justice  excluded  any  inquiry  into  the  purpose  of  an  act  which  apart  from  tliat  purpose  was  within  the  p->wer 
of  Congrcs.j.  McCray  v.  United  States,  195  U.  S.  27.  As  to  foreign  commerce  see  IVeher  v.  Freed,  23S'  U.  S, 
325,  329;  Urolan  v.  United  States,  236  U.  S.  21G,  217;  Butt/leld  v.  Stranahan,  192  U.  S.  470.  Fifty  years 
ago  a  tax  on  State  banks  the  obvious  purpose  and  actual  effect  of  which  was  to  drive  them,  or  at  least  their 
circulation,  out  of  existence  was  sustained,  although  the  res'.ilt  was  one  tnat  Congress  hud  no  constivutlonal 
power  to  roquire.  The  court  made  short  work  of  the  argument  as  to  the  purpone  of  the  act.  'The  judicial 
cannot  prescribe  to  the  legislative  departments  of  the  Government  limitations  upon  the  exerci.se  of  it« 
acknowledged  powers.'  Veizie  Bonk  v.  Fenno,  8  Wall.  .533.  So  it  well  might  have  been  i.."gued  that  the  cor- 
poration tax  was  intended  under  the  guise  of  a  revenue  measui'e  to  secure  a  control  not  otherwise  belong- 
ing to  Congress,  but  the  tax  was  sustained,  and  the  objection  so  far  as  noticed  was  dispo.sed  of  b^'  citing 
McCray  v.  United  States.  Flint  v.  Stotie  True/  Co.,  220  U.  S.  107.  And  to  come  to  cases  upon  Interstate  com- 
merce, notviltlLstandlng  United  Stales  v.  E.  C.  Kni(/M  Co.,  150  U.  S.  1.  the  Sherman  Act  has  been  made  an 
instrument  for  the  breaking  up  of  combinations  in  restraint  of  trade  and  monopolies,  using  the  power  to  regu- 
late commerce  as  a  foothold,  but  uot  proceeding  because  that  commerce  was  the  end  actually  in  mind.  The 
objection  that  the  control  of  the  States  over  production  was  interfered  with  was  urged  again  and  agiiin  but 
alwavs  In  vnin.  Standard  Oil  Co.  v.  United  States,  221  U.  S.  1,  OS,  69.  United  .Slates  v.  American  Tobacco 
Co.,  221  U.  S.  100,  184.  Hohe  v.  United  States,  227  U.  S.  308,  321,  322.  .Sec  finally  and  especially  Seven- 
Cases  of  Rrkman's  Alterative  v.  United  Stoics,  239  U.  S.  510,  514,  515.  The  pure  food  and  drug  act,  which  was 
sustained  in  Hipolite  Egg  Co.  v.  United  Stales,  220  U.  S.  45,  with  the  intimation  that  'no  iriide  can  be  carried 
on  between  the  States  to  which  It  [the  power  of  Congress  to  regulate  commerce!  does  not  extend,'  57,  applies 
not  raeioly  to  articles  that  the  changing  opinions  of  the  time  condemn  as  iiuriusically  hr.rmful  but  to  others 
innocent  in  themselves,  simply  on  tiie  ground  that  the  order  for  thein  was  induced  b.v  a  preliminary  fraud. 
Weeks  V.  United  States,  245  U.  S.  018.  It  does  not  matter  whether »the  supposed  evil  precedes  or  follows 
the  transportation.  It  is  enough  that  in  the  opinion  of  Congress  the  transportation  encourages  the  evil, 
I  may  u.dd  that  in  the  cases  on  the  so-called  White  Slave  Act  it  was  estabUslied  that  the  means  adojil.ed  by 
Congress  as  convenient  to  the  exercise  of  its  power  might  have  the  characetr  of  police  rettulations.  Ifnke  v. 
United  Stales,  227  U.  S.  30,  323.  Caminetti  v.  United  Stales.  242  U.  S.  470,  492.  In  Clark  Distillino  Co. 
V.  Western  Maryland  Ry.  Co.,  242  U.  S.  3H,  328,  Lelsy  v.  Hardin,  135  U.  S.  100,  108,  is  o.uoted  with  seem- 
ing approval  to  the  effect  that  'a  subject  matter  which  has  been  confided  exclusively  to  Congress  by  the 
Constitution  is  not  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  police  power  of  the  State  unless  placed  there  by  congress- 
ional action.'    I  see  no  reason  for  that  proposition  not  applyini;  here. 

"The  notion  that  prohibition  is  any  le.ss  prohibition  wlien  applied  to  things  now  thought  evil  I  do  not 
understand.  But  If  there  Is  any  matter  upon  which  civilized  countries  have  agreed — far  more  unanimously 
than  they  have  with  regard  to  intoxicants  and  some  other  matters  over  which  this  country  is  now  emo- 
tionaUy  .■rroused — it  is  the  evil  of  premature  and  exct?ssive  child  labor.  I  should  liave  thought  thi't  if  we 
were  to  introduce  our  own  moral  conceptions  where  in  ni.v  opinion  they  do  not  belong  this  was  ore-emi- 
nently  a  case  for  upholding  the  exercise  of  all  its  powers  by  the  United  Btates.  But  I  i.>.Td  thought  that  the 
propiiet.v  of  the  exercise  of  a  power  admitted  to  exist  in  some  cases,  was  for  the  consideration  of  Coiigreaa 
alone  and  that  this  court  always  had  disavowed  the  right  to  intrude  its  judgment  upon  questions  of  policy 
or  mor;il3.  It  is  not  for  this  court  to  pronounce  when  prohibition  i^  necessary  to  regulation  if  it  ever  may 
be  necessary — to  say  that  it  is  permissible  as  against  strong  drink  but  not  as  again.st  the  product  of  ruined 
lives.  The  act  does  not  meddle  with  anything  belonging  to  the  States.  They  may  regulate  their  internal 
affairs  and  their  domestic  commerce  as  they  like.  Hut  when  tliey  sqek  to  send  their  jiroducts  across  the 
SUtte  line  they  are  no  longer  within  their  rlgiits.  If  there  were  no  Constitution  and  no  Congress  their  power 
to  crofss  the  line  would  depend  upon  their  neighbors.  Under  the  Constitution  such  commerce  belongs  not 
to  the  States  but  to  Congress  to  rcsulate.  It  may  carry  out  its  views  of  imblic  policy  whatever  indirect 
effect  they  may  have  upon  the  activities  of  the  States.  Instead  of  being  onoountered  b.v  a  prohibitive  tariff 
at  hc-r  boundaries,  the  State encountor.s  Uie  public  policy  of  the  United  States,  which  It  is  for  Congress  Ut 
expre.ss. 

"Tlie  public  policy  of  the  United  States  is  shaped  with  a  view  to  the  benefit  of  the  nation  as  a  who!e. 
H,  as  h.as  been  the  case  within  the  memory  of  men  still  living,  a  State  should  take  a  UifTerent  view  of  the 
propriety  of  sustaining  a  lottery  from  that  which  generally  prc\-ails.  I  cannot  believe  that  the  fact  would 
I'equire  a  different  decision  from  that  reached  in  Chamnion  v.  Ames.  'Yel  in  that  case  it  would  be  said,  with 
(julte  as  much  force  as  in  this,  that  Congress  w.as  attempting  to  intermeddle  with  the  State's  domestic 
affairs.  The  national  welfare  as  understood  by  Congress  may  require  a  differeut  attitude  within  its  sphere 
from  that  of  some  self-seeking  State.  It  seems  to  mo  entirely  constitutional  for  Congres.3  to  enforce  its 
understanding  by  all  the  means  at  Its  command." 


KNIGHTS    OF    PYTHlASo 

SUPREME     LODGE. 


Supreme  Chancellor — Charles  S.  Davis,  Denver,  Col.  Supreme  Vice-Chancellor — William  Ladew,  New 
York  City.  Supreme  Prelate — Fred  S.  Attwood,  Miimeapoli.s,  Minn.  Supreme  Keeper  »/  Records  and  Seal 
— Fred  E.  Wteaton,  Minneapolis,  Minn.     Supreme  Master  of  Exchequer — Thos.  D.  Meares,  Wilmington,  N.C. 

Membership  of  the  insurance  department  (life  insurance),  72,380,  representing  an  .aggregate  insurance 
of  890,333,048.  Membership  of  the  military  department,  20,000.  The  office  of  the  Supreme  Keeper  at 
Records  and  Seal  Is  at  Minneapolis,  Minn.  The  next  biennial  convention  of  the  Supreme  Lodee  will  Be 
held  at  Minneapolis,  Minn,  beginning  August  3,  1920. 

Total  membership,  712,547. 


Text  of  U.  S.  Supreme  Courtis  Upholding  of  Draft  Law.  .     589 

TEXT  OF  U.  S.  SUPREME  COURT'S  UPHOLDING  OF  DRAFT  LAW. 

Following  is  the  full  text  of  the  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Uiuted  States.  January  7.  1918. 
upholding  the  coiistitutioualty  of  the  Selective-Ssrvice  Act  of  1917. 

Mr.  Chief  Justice  White  delivered  the  opinion  of  the  court,  saying: 

"We  are  here  concerned  with  some  of  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  May  18,  1917,  entitled  'An  act  to 
autliorlze  the  President  to  increase  temporarily  the  Military  Establishment  of  the  United  States  '  Tho 
law,  as  its  opening  sentence  declares,  was  intended  to  supply  temnorarilv  the  increased  military  force  which 
was  required  by  the  existing  emergency,  the  war  then  and  now  flagrant.  The  clauses  we  must  pass  upon 
and  those  which  will  throw  light  on  their  .signiOcance  are  briefly  summarized.  The  act  proposed  to  raise  a, 
National  Army,  Orst,  by  increasing  the  regular  force  to  its  maximum  strength  and  there  maintaining  it- 
second,  by  incorporating  into  such  army  the  members  of  the  National  Guard  and  National  Guard  Reserve 
already  in  the  service  of  tiie  United  States  (act  oJ  Congress  ol  June  5,  1910),  and  maintaining  their  organ- 
izations to  their  full  strength;  third,  by  giving  the  President  power  in  his  discretion  to  organize  by  volunteer 
enlistment  four  divisions  of  infantry;  fourth,  by  subjetcing  all  male  citizens  between  the  ages  of  twentv-ono 
and  thirty  to  duty  in  the  National  Army  for  the  period  of  the  existing  emergency  after  the  proclamatioi' 
of  the  President  announcing  the  necessity  for  their  service:  and  fifth,  by  providing  for  selecting  from  the  bod-' 
80  called,  on  the  further  proclamation  of  the  President,  oOO.COO  enlisted  men,  and  a  second  body  of  the  sam"'i 
number  should  the  President  in  his  discretion  deem  it  necessary.  To  carry  out  its  purposes  the  act  made 
it  the  duty  of  those  liable  to  the  call  to  present  themselves  for  registration  on  the  proclamation  ol  the  Presi- 
dent so  as  to  subject  themselves  to  the  terms  of  the  act  and  provided  full  Federal  means  for  caiTying  out  thc 
selective  draft,  it  gave  the  President  in  his  discretion  power  to  create  local  boards  to  consider  claims  for 
exemption  for  phj'Sical  disability  or  otherwise  made  by  those  called.  The  act  exempted  from  subjection  to 
the  draft  designated  United  States  and  State  officials  as  well  as  those  already  in  the  military  or  naval  service 
of  the  United  States,  regular  or  duly  ordained  ministers  of  religion  and  theological  students  under  the  con- 
ditions provided  for,  and  while  relieving  from  military  service  in  the  strict  sense  the  members  of  rellgiou?; 
sects  as  enumerated  whose  tenets  excluded  the  moral  riglu  to  ensage  in  war,  nevertheless  subjected  such 
persons  to  the  performance  of  service  of  a  noncombatant  character  to  be  defined  by  the  President. 

The  President's  Proclamation. 

"The  proclamation  of  the  President  calling  the  persons  designated  within  the  ages  described  in  the 
statute  was  made  and  the  plaintiffs  in  error  who  were  in  the  class  and  under  the  statute  were  obliged  to 
present  themselves  for  registration  and  s'.ibject  themselves  to  the  law  failed  to  do  so  and  were  prosecuted 
under  the  statute  for  the  penalties  for  which  it  provided.  They  all  defended  by  denying  that  there  had  been 
conferred  by  the  Constitution  upon  Congress  the  power  to  compel  military  service  by  a  selective  draft  and 
if  such  power  had  been  given  by  the  Constitution  to  Congress,  the  terms  of  the  particular  act  for  varioa'3 
reasons  caused  it  to  bo  beyond  the  power  of  and  repugnant  to  the  Constitution.  The  cases  are  here  for  re- 
view because  of  the  constitutional  questions  thus'  raised,  convictions  havinc  resulted  from  instructions  of 
the  courts  that  the  legal  defenses  were  wiDiout  merit  and  that  the  statute  was  constitutional.  The  pos- 
session of  authority  to  enact  the  statute  must  be  found  in  the  clauses  of  the  Constitution  giving  Congress 
power  'to  declare  war;  *  *  *  to  raise  and  support  armies,  but  no  appiopriation  of  money  to  that  use 
shall  be  for  a  longer  term  than  two  years;  *ii  *  *  to  make  rules  for  government  and  regulation  of  the 
land  and  naval  forces."  (Art.  I,  Sec.  8.)  And  of  couise  the  powers  conferred  by  these  provisions  like  all 
other  powers  glveiTcarry  with  them  as  provided  by  the  Constitution  the  authority  'to  malse  all  laws  wliicli 
Bhall  be  necessary  and  [)roper  for  carrying  into  execution  the  foregoing  powers.'    (Art.  I,  Sec.  8.) 

State  and   Federal  Citizenship. 

"As  the  mind  can  not  conceive  an  army  without  the  men  to  compose  it,  on  the  face  of  the  Constitution 
the  objection  that  it  does  not  give  power  to  provide  for  such  men  would  seem  to  be  too  frivolous  for  further 
notice.  It  is  said,  however,  that  since  under  the  Constitution  as  originally  framed  State  citizenship  was  pri- 
mary and  United  States  citizenship  but  derivative  and  dependent  thereon,  therefore  the  power  conferred 
upon  Congress  to  raise  armios  was  only  coterminous  with  United  States  citizeriship  and  could  not  be  exerted 
60  as  to  cause  that  citizenship  to  lose  its  dependent  character  and  dominate  State  citizenship.  But  the  propo- 
sition simply  denies  to  Congress  the  power  to  raise  armies  which  the  Constitution  gives.  That  power  by  the 
very  terms  of  the  Constitution,  being  delegated,  is  supreme.  (Art.  VI.)  In  truth  the  contention  simply 
assails  the  wisdom  of  the  framers  of  the  Constitution  in  conferring  authority  on  Ciongress  and  in  not  re- 
taining It  as  it  was  imder  the  Confederation  in  the  several  States.  Further  it  is  said,  the  right  to  provide 
is  not  denied  by  calling  tor  volunteer  enlistments,  but  It  does  not  and  can  not  Include  the  power  to  exact 
enforced  mlUtary  duty  by  the  citizen.  This,  however,  but  challenges  the  existence  of  all  power,  for  a  gov- 
ernmental power  whicli  has  no  sanction  to  it  and  which  therefore  can  only  be  exercised  provided  the  citizen 
consents  to  its  exertion  is  in  no  substantial  sense  a  power.  It  is  argued,  liowever,  that  although  this  i; 
abstractly  true,  it  is  not  concretel.v  so  because  as  compelled  military  service  is  repugnant  to  a  free  govern- 
ment and  in  conflict  with  all  the  great  guarantees  of  the  Constitution  as  to  individual  liberty,  it  must  bo 
assumed  that  the  authority  to  raise  armies  was  intended  to  be  limited  to  the  right  to  call  an  army  into  exist- 
ence counting  alone  upon  the  willingness  of  the  citizen  to  do  his  duty  in  time  of  public  need;  that  is,  in  time 
of  war.  But  the  premise  of  this  proposition  is  so  devoid  of  foundation  that  it  leaves  not  even  a  shadow  of 
ground  upon  which  to  base  the  conclusion.  I.,et  us  see  if  this  is  not  at  once  demonstrable.  It  may  not  be 
doubted  that  the  very  conception  of  a  just  government  and  its  duty  to  the  citizen  includes  the  reciprocal 
obligation  of  the  citizen  to  render  military  service  in  case  of  need  and  the  right  to  compel  It.  (Vattel,  Law 
of  Nations,  Book  III.,  ch.  1,  2.)  To  do  more  than  state  the  proposition  is  absolutely  unnecessary,  in  view 
of  the  practical  illustration  afforded  I)y  the  almost  universal  legislation  to  that  effect  now  in  force. 

"In  England  It  is  certain  that  before  the  Norman  Conquest  the  duty  of  the  great  m.llitary  body  of  the 
citizens  was  recognized  and  enforcible.  (Blackstone,  Book  I.,  c.  ]3.)  It  is  unnecessary  to  follow  the  long 
controversy  between  Crown  and  Parliament  as  to  the  branch  c;  the  Government  in  which  the  power  resided, 
since  there  never  was  any  doubt  that  it  somewhere  resided.  So,  also,  it  is  wholly  imnecessary  to  explore 
the  situation  for  the  purpose  of  fixing  the  sources  whence  in  England  it  came  to  be  undci-stood  that  the 
citizen  or  the  force  organized  from  the  militia  as  such  could  not,  without  their  consent,  be  compelled  t'; 
render  service  in  a  foreign  country,  since  there  is  no  room  to  contend  that  such  principle  ever  rested  upon 
any  challenge  of  the  right  of  Parliament  to  impose  compulsory  duty  upon  the  citizen  to  perform  military 
duty  wherever  the  public  exigency  exacted,  whether  at  home  or  abroad.  This  is  exemplified  by  the  prcseni; 
English  service  act.  (MiUt:>.ry  service  act,  January  27,  1916,  amended  by  the  miUtary  service  act  of  Alay 
25,  1916.) 

Applied  to  the  Colonies. 

"In  the  colonies  before  tiie  separation  from  ICngland  there  can  not  be  the  slightest  doubt  that  the  right 
to  enforce  military  service  was  unquestioned  and  that  praettcal  effect  was  given  to  the  power  in  many  cases. 
Indeed  the  brief  of  the  Government  contains  a  list  of  colonial  acts  manifesting  the  power  and  its  enforce- 
ment in  more  than  two  hundred  cases.  And  this  exact  situation  existed  also  after  the  separation.  Under 
the  Articles  of  Confederation  It  is  true  Congress  had  no  such  power,  as  its  authority  was  absolutely  limited 
to  making  calls  upon  the  States  for  the  military  forces  needed  to  create  and  maintain  the  army,  each  State 
being  bound  for  its  quota  as  called.  But  it  is  indisputable  that  the  States  in  response  to  the  calls  made  upon 
them  ;);et  the  situation  when  they  deemed  it  necessary  by  directing  enforced  military  service  on  the  part 
of  the  citizens.  In  fact,  the  duty  of  the  citizen  to  render  military  service  and  the  power  to  compel  him 
against  his  conseni  to  do  so  was  sxpresslj-  sanctioned  by  the  constitutions  of  at  least  nine  of  the  States,  an 


590    Text  of  XJ.  S.  Supreme  Court's  Upholding  of  Draft  Law—Cont. 

iilustration  belni;  aflorded  by  tlie  following  provision  ol  the  Pennsylvania  Constitution  of  1770.  'That  every 
member  of  society  liath  a  right  to  be  protected  in  the  enjoyment  of  life,  liberty,  and  property,  and  there- 
fore is  bound  to  contribute  liis  portion  toward  the-expense  of  that  protection,  and  yield  liis  personal  service 
when  necessary,  or  an  equivalent  thereto.'  While  it  is  true  that  the  States  were  sometimes  slow  in  exertiaB 
the  power  In  order  to  1111  their  quotas — a  condition  shown  by  resolutions  of  Congress  calling  upon  them  to 
comply  by  exerting  their  compulsory  power  to  draft  and  by  earnest  requests  by  Washington  to  Congress 
that  a  demand  be  made  upon  the  States  to  resort  to  drafts  to  fill  their  quotas.  That  fact  serves  to  demon- 
strate instead  of  to  challenge  the  existence  of  the  authority.  A  default  in  exorcising  a  duty  may  not  he  re- 
sorted to  as  a  reason  for  denying  its  existence. 

"When  the  Constitution  came  to  be  formed  it  may  not  be  disputed  that  one  of  the  recognized  neces- 
sities for  its  adoption  was  the  want  of  power  in  Congress  to  raise  an  army  and  the  dependence  upon  the  States 
for  their  quotas.  In  supplying  the  power  it  was  manifestly  intended  to  give  it  all  and  leave  none  to  the 
States,  since  besides  the  delegation  to  Congress  of  authority  to  raise  armies  the  Constitution  prohibited 
the  States,  without  the  consent  of  Congress,  from  Iteeping  troops  in  time  of  ps-ace  or  engaging  in  war.  (Art. 
I.,  Sec.  10.)  To  argue  that,  as  the  State  authority  over  the  militia  prior  to  the  C'onstitution  embraced  every 
citizen,  the  right  of  Congress  to  raise  an  army  should  not  be  considered  as  gianting  authority  to  compel 
the  citizen's  service  in  the  army,  is  but  to  express  in  a  different  form  the  denial  of  the  right  to  call  any  citi- 
zen to  the  army.  Nor  is  this  met  by  saying  that  it  does  not  exclude  the  right  of  Congrtss  to  organize  an 
army  by  voluntary  enlistments,  that  is,  by  the  consent  of  the  citizens,  foi'  if  the  proposition  be  true,  the 
riglit  of  the  citizen  to  give  consent  would  be  controlled  by  the  same  prohibition  which  would  deprive  Con- 
gress of  the  right  to  compel  unless  it  can  be  said  that  although  Congress  had  not  the  right  to  call  because 
of  State  authority,  the  citizen  had  a  right  to  obey  the  call  and  set  aside  State  authority  if  he  pleased  to  do 
so.  And  a  like  conclusion  demonstrates  the  want  of  foundation  for  the  contention  that  although  it  be  within 
the  power  to  call  the  citizen  into  the  army  witiiout  his  consent,  the  army  into  which  he  enters  after  the 
call  is  to  be  limited  in  some  respects  to  services  for  which  the  militia,  it  is  assumed,  may  only  be  used,  since 
this  admits  the  appropriateness  of  the  call  to  military  service  In  the  army  and  the  power  to  make  it  and 
yet  destroys  the  purpose  for  which  the  call  is  authorized,  the  raising  of  armies  to  be  under  the  control  of  the 
United  States. 

Fallacy  of  the  Arguments. 

"The  fallacy  of  the  argument  results  from  confounding  the  constitutional  provisions  concerning  the 
militia  with  that  conferring  upon  Congress  the  power  to  raise  armies.  It  treats  them  as  one  while  they 
are  different.  This  is  the  militia  clause:  'The  Congress  shall  have  power  *  *  *  to  provide  for  calling  forth 
the  militia  to  execute  the  laws  of  the  Nation,  suppress  insurrections,  and  repel  invasions;  Xo  provide  for 
organizing,  ai-ming,  and  disciplining  the  militia,  and  for  governing  such  part  of  them  as  may  be  employed 
In  the  service  of  the  United  States,  resei'ving  to  the  States,  respectively,  the  appointment  of  the  ofllcers. 
and  the  authority  of  training  the  militia  according  to  the  discipline  prescribed  by  Congress.'  (Art.  I.,  Sec. 
8.)  The  line  which  separates  it  from  the  army  power  is  not  only  inherently  plainly  marivod  by  the  text  of 
the  two  clauses,  but_will  stand  out  in  bolder  relief  by  considering  the  condition  before  tiie  Constitution  was 
adopted  and  the  remedy  which  it  provided  for  the  military  situation  with  which  it  dealt.  The  right  on  the 
one  hand  of  Congress  under  the  Confederation  to  call  on  the  States  for  forces  and  the  duty  on  the  other  of 
the  States  to  furnish  when  called,  embraced  the  complete  power  of  government  over  the  subject.  When 
the  two  were  combined  and  were  delegated  to  Congress  all  governmental  power  on  that  stibject  was  con- 
ferred, a  result  manifested  not  only  by  the  grant  made  but  by  the  limitation  expressly  put  upon  the  States 
on  the  subject.  The  army  sphere  therefore  embraces  such  complete  authority.  But  tlic  duty  of  exerting 
the  power  thus  conferred  in  all  Its  plentitude  was  not  made  at  once  obligatory  but  was  wisely  left  to  depend 
upon  the  discretion  of  Congress  as  to  the  arising  of  the  exigencies  which  would  call  it  in  part  or  in  whole 
into  play.  There  was  lett  therfore  under  the  sway  of  the  States  undelegated  the  control  of  the  militia  to 
the  extent  that  such  control  was  not  talien  away  by  the  exercise  by  Congress  of  Its  power  to  raise  armies. 
Thi.9  did  not  diminish  the  military  power  or  curb  the  full  potentiality  of  the  right  to  exert  it  but  left  an  area 
of  authority  requiring  to  be  provided  for  (the  militia  area)  unless  and  until  by  the  exertion  of  the  military 
power  of  Congress  that  area  had  been  circumscribed  or  totally  disappeared.  This,  therefore,  is  what  was 
dealt  with  by  the  militia  provision.  It  diminished  the  occasion  for  the  exertion  by  Congress  of  its  military 
liower  beyond  the  strict  necessities  for  its  exercise  by  Riving  the  power  to  Congress  to  direct  the  organiza- 
uon  and  training  of  the  militia  (evidently  to  prepare  such  militia  in  the  event  of  the  exercise  of  the- army 
liower),  although  leaving  the  carrying  out  of  such  command  to  the  States.  It  further  conduced  to  the  .same 
result  by  delegating  to  Congress  the  right  to  call  on  occasions  which  were  specified  for  the  militia  force, 
thus  again  obviating  the  necessity  for  exercising  the  army  power  to  the  extent  of  being  ready  for  every  con- 
ceivable contingency.  This  purpose  is  made  manifest  by  the  provision  preserving  the  organization  "of  the 
militia  so  far  as  formed  when  called  for  such  special  purposes  although  subjecting  the  militia  when  so  called 
to  the  paramount  authority  of  the  United  States.  But  because  under  the  express  regulatious  the  power  was 
given  to  call  for  specified  purposes  without  exerting  the  army  power,  it  cannot  follow  that  the  latter  power 
when  exerted  was  not  complete  to  the  extent  of  its  exertion  and  dominant.  Because  the  power  of  Congres.s 
tn  raise  armies  was  not  required  to  be  exerted  to  its  full  limit  but  only  as  in  the  discretion  of  Congress  it 
w  '.s  deemed  the  public  interest  required,  furnishes  no  ground  for  supposing  that  the  complete  power  was 
lof-t  by  its  partial  exertion.  Because,  moreover,  the  power  granted  to  Congress  to  raise  armies  in  Its  poten- 
tiality was  susceptible  of  narrowing  the  area  over  which  the  militia  clause  operated,  affords  no  ground  for 
confounding  the  two  areas  which  were  distinct  and  separate  to  the  end  of  confusing  both  the  powers  and  thus 
weaivcnlng  or  destroying  both. 

Powers  Exerted  From  Beginning. 

"And  upon  this  understanding  of  the  two  powei-s  the  legislative  and  executive  authority  has  been  exerted 
from  the  beginning.  Prom  the  act  of  the  first  session  of  Congress  carrying  over  the  army  of  the  Govern- 
ment under  the  Confederation  to  the  United  States  under  the  Constitution  (act  of  September  29,  1789) 
down  to  1812  the  authority  to  raise  armies  was  regularly  exerted  as  a  distinct  and  substantive  power,  the 
force  being  raised  and  recruited  by  enlistment.  Except  for  one  act  formulating  a  plan  by  which  the  entire 
body  of  citizens  (the  militia)  subject  to  militaiT  duty  was  to  be  organized  in  every  State  (act  of  Mav  8, 
1792),  which  was  never  carried  into  effect.  Congress  confined  itself  to  providing  for  the  organization  "of  a 
specified  number  distributed  among  the  States  according  to  their  quota  to  be  trained  as  directed  by  Congress 
and  to  be  called  by  the  Pi-esident  as  need  might  reqiiire.  (Acts  of  May  9.  1794;  February  28,  1795;  June 
24,  1797;  March  3,  1803;  April  18,  1806;  March  30,  1808;  April  10,  1812.)  When  the  War  of  1812  came  the 
result  of  these  two  forces  composed  the  army  to  be  relied  upon  by  Congress  to  carry  on  the  war.  Either 
because  it  proved  to  be  weak  in  numbers  or  because  of  insubordination  developed  among  the  forces  called 
and  manifested  by  their  refusal  to  cros.s  the  border  (Upton,  Military  Policy  of  the  United  States,  pp.  99, 
et  seq.),  the  Government  determined  that  the  exercise  of  the  power  to  organize  an  armv  by  compulsory 
draft  was  necessary,  and  Mr.  Monroe,  the  Secretary  of  War  (Mr.  Madison  being  President),  in  a  letter  to 
Congress  recommended  several  plans  of  legislation  on  that  subject.  It  suffices  to  sav  that  by  each  of  them 
it  was  proposed  that  the  United  States  deal  directly  with  the  bodv  of  citizens  subject  to  military  duty  and 
call  a  designated  number  out  of  the  population  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five  for  sei-vice  in 
the  army.  The  power  which  it  was  recommended  be  exerted  was  clearly  an  unmbied  Federal  power,  deal- 
ing with  the  svlbject  from  the  sphere  of  the  authority  given  to  Congress  to  raise  armies  and  not  from  the 
sphere  of  the  right  to  deal  with  the  militia  as  such,  whether  organized  or  unorganized.  A  bill  was  intro- 
duced givhig  effect  to  the.  plan.     Opposition  developed,  but  w?  need  not  stop  to  consider  it  because  it  .-iub- 


Text  of  U.  S.  Supreme  Court's  Upholding  of  Draft  Law—Cont.  591 


stantially  rested  upon  the  incompatibility  of   compulsory  military  service  with  free  government,  a  subject 
wnlcn  from  what  we  have  said  has  been  disposed  of.    Peace  came  before  the  bill  was  enacted. 

During  the  Mexican  War. 

"Down  to  the  Mexican  War  the  legislation  exactly  portrayed  the  same  condition  of  mind  which  we 
nave  previously  stated.  -In  that  war,  however,  no  draft  was  suggested,  because  the  army  created  by  the 
United  btates  immediately  resulting  from  the  exercise  by  Congress  of  its  power  to  raise  armies,  that  organ- 
ized under  its  direction  from  the  militia  and  tlie  volunteer  commands  which  were  furnished  proved  ade- 
quate to  carry  the  war  to  a  successful  conclusion.  So  the  course  of  legislation  from  that  date  to  1861  af- 
fords no  ground  for  any  other  than  the  same  conception  of  legislative  power  which  we  have  already  stated 
In  that  year  when  the  muttenngs  of  the  dread  conflict  which  was  to  come  began  to  be  heard  and  the  proc- 
lamation of  the  President  calling  a  force  into  existence  was  issued  it  was  addressed  to  the  body  organized 
out  of  the  militia  and  trained  by  the  States  in  accordance  with  the  previous  acts  of  Congress  (Proclama- 
tion ol  April  15,  1801.)  That  force  being  inadequate  to  meet  the  situation,  an  act  was  passed  authorizing 
the  acceptance  of  500,000  volunteers  by  the  President  to  be  by  him  organized  into  a  national  army  (Act  of 
Jtily  22,  1861.)  This  was  soon  followed  by  another  act  increasing  the  force  of  the  militia  to  be  organized 
by  the  States  for  the  purpose  of  being  drawn  upon  when  trained  under  the  direction  of  Congress  (act  of  July 
29,  1861),  the  two  acts  when  considered  together  presenting  in  the  clearest  possible  form  the  distinction 
between  the  power  of  Congress  to  raise  armies  and  its  authority  under  the  militia  clause.  But  it  soon  be- 
came manifest  that  more  men  were  requii-sd.  As  a  result  the  act  of  March  3,  1863,  was  adopted  entitled 
'An  act  for  enrolling  and  calUng  out  the  national  forces  and  for  other  purposes.'  By  that  act,  which  was 
clearly  intended  to  directly  exert  upon  all  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  the  national  power  which  it  had 
been  proposed  to  exert  in  1814  on  the  recommendation  of  the  then  Secretary  of  War,  Mr.  Monroe,  everj' 
male  citizen  of  tlie  United  States  between  the  ages  of  twenty  and  forty-five  was  made  subject  by  the  direct 
action  of  Congress  to  be  called  by  compulsory  draft  to  service  in  a  national  army  at  such  time  and  in  such 
numbers  as  the  President  in  his  discretion  might  find  necessai-y.  In  tliat  act,  as  in  the  one  of  1814,  and  in 
this  one,  the  means  by  which  the  act  was  to  be  enforced  were  directly  Federal  and  the  force  to  be  raised  as 
a  result  of  the  draft  was  therefore  typically  national  as  distinct  from  the  call  into  active  service  of  the  militia 
as  such.  And  under  the  power  thus  exerted  four  separate  calls  for  draft  were  made  bv  the  President  and 
enforced,  that  of  July,  1863,  of  February  and  March,  1864,  of  July  and  December,  1864,  producing  a  force 
of  about  a  quarter  of  a  million  men.  (Historical  report,  enrolment  branch.  Provost  Marshal  General's 
Bureau,  March  17,  1866.)  It  is  undoubted  that  the  men  thus  raised  by  draft  were  treated  as  subject  to 
direct  national  authority  and  were  used  either  in  filling  the  gaps  occasioned  by  the  vicissitudes  of  war  in  the 
ranks  of  the  existing  national  forces  or  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  such  new  units  as  were  deemed  to  be 
required.  It  would  be  childish  to  deny  the  value  of  the  added  strength  which  was  thus  afforded.  Indeed 
in  the  offlclal  report  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General,  just  previously  referred  to  in  the  reference,  reviewing 
the  whole  subject  it  was  stated  that  it  was  the  efficient  aid  resulting  from  the  forces  created  by  the  draft 
at  a  very  critical  moment  of  the  civil  strife  which  obviated  a  disaster  which  seemed  Impending  and  carried 
that  struggle  to  a  complete  and  successful  conclusion. 

The  National  Guard  Act. 

"Brevity  prevents  doing  more  than  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  organized  body  of  militia 
within  the  States  as  trained  by  the  States  under  the  direction  of  C'ongress  became  known  as  the  National 
Guard  (act  of  January  21,  1903;  National  Defease  Act  of  June  5,  1916).  And  to  make  further  preparation 
from  among  the  great  body  of  the  citizens,  an  additional  number  to  be  determined  by  the  President  was 
directed  to  be  organized  and  trained  by  the  States  as  the  National  Guard  Reserve.  (National  defense  act, 
supra).  Thus  sanctioned  as  is  the  act  before  us  by  the  text  of  the  Constitution,  and  by  its  slgnlQcance  as 
read  in  the  light  of  the  fundamental  principles  with  which  the  subject  is  concerned,  by  the  power  recognized 
and  carried  into  eSect  in  many  civilized  countries,  by  the  authority  and  practice  of  the  colonies  before  the 
Revolution,  of  the  States  under  the  Confederation  .and  of  the  Government  since  the  formation  of  the  Con- 
stitution, the  want  of  merit  in  the  contentions  that  the  act  in  the  patticulars  which  we  have  been  previously 
called  upon  to  consider  was  beyond  the  constitutional  power  of  Congress,  is  manifest.  Cogency,  however,  if 
possible,  is  added  to  the  demonstration  by  pointing  out  that  in  the  only  case  to  which  we  have  been  referred 
where  the  constitutionality  of  the  act  of  1863  was  contemporaneously  challenged  on  grounds  akin  to.  U 
not  absolutely  Identical  with,  those  nere  urged,  the  validity  of  the  act  was  maintained  for  reasons  not  differ- 
ent from  those  which  control  our  judgment.  And  as  further  evidence  that  the  conclusion  we  reach  Is  but  the 
Inevitable  consequence  of  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  as  effect  follows  cause,  we  briefly  recur  to  events 
In  another  environment.  "The  seceding  States  wrote  into  the  constitution  which  was  adopted  to  regulate 
the  government  which  they  sought  to  establish  in  identical  words  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  .which  we  here  have  under  consideration.  And  when  the  right  to  enforce  under  that  instru- 
ment a  selective  draft  law  which  was  enacted  not  differing  in  principle  from  the  one  here  in  question  was 
challenged,  its  validity  was  upheld  evidently  iifter  great  consideration  by  the  courts  of  Virginia,  of  Georgia, 
of  "Texas,  of  Alabama,  of  Mississippi,  and  of  North  Carolina,  the  opinions  in  some  of  the  cases  copiousl.y 
Bnfl  critically  reviewing  the  whole  grounds  which  we  have  stated. 

The  Fourteenth  Amendment- 

"In  reviewing  the  subject  we  have  hitherto  considered  it  as  it  has  been  argued  fi'om  the  point  of  view 
ol-  the  Constitution  as  it  stood  prior  to  the  adoption  of  the  fourteenth  amendment.  But  to  avoid  all  mis- 
apprehension we  briefly  direct  attention  to  that  amendment  for  the  purpose  of  pointing  out,  as  has  been 
frequently  done  in  the  past,  how  completely  it  broadened  the  national  scope  of, the  Government  under  the 
Constitution  by  causing  citizenship  of  the  United  States  to  be  parafnount  and  dominant  Instead  of  being 
subordinate  and  derivative,  and  therefore  operating  as  it  does  upon  all  the  powers  conferred  by  the  Con- 
stitution leaves  no  possible  support  for  the  contentions  made  if  their  want  of  merit  was  otherwise  not  so 
clearly  made  manifest.  It  remains  only  to  consider  contentions  which,  while  not  disputing  power,  chal- 
lenge the  act  because  of  the  repugnancy  to  tne  constitution  supposed  to  result  from  some  of  its  provisions 
First  we  are  of  opinion  that  the  contention  that  the  act  is  void  us  a  delegation  of  Federal  power  to  State 
officials  because  of  some  ot  its  administrative  reatures  is  too  wanting  in  merit  to  require  fiu-ther  notice. 
Second  we  think  that  the  contention  that  the  statute  Is  void  because  vesting  administrative  officers  with 
legislative  discretion  has  been  so  completely  adversely  settled  as  to  require  reference  only  to  some  of  the 
decided  cases.  (Field  v.  Clark,  143  U.  S..  649:  Buttfleld  v.  Stranahan,  192  U.S.,  470;  Intermountaln  Rate 
Cases,  234  U.  S.,  476;  Fh-st  National  Bank  v.  Union  Trust  Co.,  244  U.  S.,  416.)  A  like  conclusion  also  ad- 
versely disposes  of  a  similar  claim  concerning  the  conferring  of  judicial  power.  (Buttneld  v.  btranahan,  19^ 
U  S  470  497-  West  v.  Hitchcock,  205  U.  S..  80;  Ocean  Navigation  Co.  v.  Stranahan,  214  U.  S.,  320,  338- 
340- Zakonalte  v.  Wolf,  226  U.  S,.  272,  275.)  And  we  pass  without  anything  but  statement  that  the  proposi- 
tion that  an  establishment  of  a  religion  or  an  interference  with  the  free  exercise  thereof  repugnant  to  the 
first  amendment  resulted  from  the  exemption  clauses  of  the  act  to  which  we  at  the  outset  referred  because  wc 
think  its  unsoundness  is  too  apparent  to  require  us  to  do  more.  ,..       ^     ^  .  ,„„^  ,„^  „in,o,. 

"Finally  as  we  are  unable  to  conceive  upon  what  tneory  the  exaction  by  Government  from  the  citizen 
of  the  performance  of  his  supreme  and  noble  duty  of  contributing  to  the  defense  oi  the  rights  and  honor  o. 
the  Nation  as  the  result  of  a  war  declared  by  the  great  representative  body  or  the  people  can  be  said  to  be 
the  Imposition  of  involuntary  servitude  in  violation  of  the  prohibitions  of  the  tninoenth  amendment,  we  are 
constrained  to  the  conclusion  that  the  contention  to  that  etfect  is  rofuteo  by  its  .uere  statemLui. 


5m 


The  Selective  Draft  Numbers. 


THE    SELECTIVE    DRAFT    NUMBERS. 

HERB  are  the  17  000  draft  numbers  as  drawn  Sept.  30-Oot.  1,  1918,  at  Washington.  Read  each  column 
downwards.  The  largest  registration  in  any  district  in  N.  Y.  City  was  7.028  {in  Dist.  No.  149,  ISlst  St. 
and  St.  Nicholas  Ave.) . 


Col. 

Col. 

coi. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

322 

12284 

10255 

5703 

14519 

16249 

8202 

10386 

1673 

14221 

14381 

5020 

9981 

12542 

9571 

1181 

9903 

7277 

11255 

1303 

16679 

11942 

10661 

8515 

2383 

6428 

3266 

1371 

2122 

6944 

13578 

14788 

16331 

7528 

6708 

657 

5122 

9312 

16929 

9779 

14149 

11035 

12076 

10224 

6329 

14663 

8759 

12815 

16681 

14805 

3S32 

1027 

12618 

5766 

8932 

12359 

8682 

13234 

8677 

10983 

10062 

16224 

11355 

16548 

14885 

16313 

695 

682 

16169 

3531 

4401 

11014 

8493 

11971 

16035 

7773 

1426 

10274 

7796 

14287 

784 

15126 

2861 

2697 

9444 

8366 

14361 

6751 

8101 

1858 

11108 

7622 

14963 

14545 

3926 

8744 

5937 

15242 

16200 

7190 

2500 

3328 

6306 

13754 

6409 

14131 

13154 

6858 

14641 

15001 

16468 

2328 

15288 

15666 

7139 

8277 

14346 

4572 

11832 

1697 

11464 

13723 

2012 

16726 

2750 

15315 

3566 

3974 

15628 

12314 

2233 

8294 

9857 

11025 

11745 

5111 

7123 

13841 

8678 

1584S 

8365 

3161 

13703 

16382 

2513 

4451 

9692 

478 

6452 

14503 

10127 

469 

4547 

2781 

8055 

8000 

10802 

2981 

8847 

15985 

89.59 

13461 

16952 

5299 

7230 

3967 

1448 

14350 

354 

169S9 

9283 

6777 

16727 

10133 

3983 

108 

9472 

8149 

7811 

9780 

6754 

4393 

7279 

6271 

2339 

5498 

8301 

6147 

7952 

3556 

6585 

765 

9177 

2800 

7838 

1749 

12512 

225 

121 

4028 

6555 

12882 

1549 

16460 

10086 

11191 

14588 

10928 

61 

7078 

16675 

10899 

16841 

14875 

489 

15145 

3921 

14312 

11386 

7814 

2993 

438 

167G0 

5170 

6265 

8809 

893 

12028 

5493 

10803 

5765 

8095 

11032 

6S0 

16151 

2614 

2633 

8352 

904 

13359 

8715 

6611 

13024 

2957 

■  4504 

2183 

2273 

11288 

7347 

14733 

0249 

8208 

16666 

13608 

3930 

12368 

12184 

2839 

7416 

612 

14975 

16193 

10418 

7442 

2256 

7040 

11917 

5955 

8925 

2263 

9929 

15301 

1523 

11232 

3385 

4993 

12050 

13693 

13831 

14522 

14571 

2338 

6529 

11682 

6310 

16625 

10426 

11178 

147U 

7512 

11523 

16490 

178 

6676 

13479 

853G 

1688 

7998 

14396 

6685 

2024 

6021 

16640 

2821 

7760 

13610 

6360 

6583 

256 

4302 

9559 

14658 

4704 

2814 

9285 

3445 

1553 

13835 

6942 

2791 

6882 

249 

15249 

374S 

7887 

10012 

850 

2943 

14091 

101 

11408 

12813 

7534 

1516 

13873 

1577 

9845 

3477 

1851 

24U 

6540 

5533 

1732 

-7995 

456 

16022 

10077 

16965 

9133 

189 

6062 

15123 

10548 

3993 

14506 

6234 

9606 

3808 

11273 

10824 

14434 

1580 

10401 

12130 

10606 

7541 

14197 

1300 

7427 

13306 

4835 

3098 

6316 

11658 

1240 

10664 

5196 

5569 

6699 

11827 

3815 

15733 

8683 

10102 

6569 

6229 

7045 

10867 

10755 

10128 

3514 

16846 

10365 

6608 

3340 

4834 

5313 

16918 

15874 

4403 

827 

14493 

7280 

14617 

12349 

4992 

16152 

14306 

1907 

4209 

16573 

14317 

33 

2849 

9152 

5437 

1874 

6664 

11803 

16514 

2243 

1438 

2064 

797 

790 

12521 

7644 

1561 

1098 

4552 

4012 

7777 

14671 

2487 

949 

4319 

7785 

11309 

7211 

12356 

1336 

2823 

659b 

7020 

14804 

9604 

13059 

12570 

15130 

14722 

9839 

8716 

8835 

6547 

11734 

6337 

13593 

6204 

48S7 

5941 

623 

8388 

14750 

7373 

14255 

4484 

14463 

1489'J 

8103 

16787 

8296 

3563 

12465 

7654 

4266 

4292 

3073 

11140 

9960 

14615 

8392 

6762 

16047 

9754 

4262 

10322 

15986 

1406 

7659 

16907 

7433 

2716 

9031 

13728 

7096 

13887 

10601 

11787 

3714 

12414 

8757 

5107 

962 

2705 

4147 

3863 

12585 

5620 

11567 

2249 

20 

2784 

6413 

1680 

13385 

9384 

11203 

7495 

5604 

5185 

544 

7290 

12812 

8883 

1,5695 

11165 

HOST 

6857 

6800 

5820 

8299 

877 

6769 

10838 

13792 

14669 

14890 

1944 

4674 

2072 

10681 

8328 

7589 

1167 

1255 

228 

13409 

15488 

10716 

14893 

5182 

995 

16304 

15550 

4427 

14675 

3377 

13692 

8454 

3197 

8649 

14122 

13451 

6326 

6828 

11111 

11397 

4505 

2279 

1327 

9263 

13449 

1706 

9432 

9376 

8173 

2524 

4216 

illOl 

9076 

1032 

14107 

1121 

10186 

13892 

3856 

11064 

12573 

940 

13518 

10438 

162 

0667 

11553 

6675 

2132 

16216 

7009 

16294 

12322 

8733 

8419 

9396 

4608 

13969 

3213 

11276 

14709 

2495 

5191 

12612 

11296 

10762 

15970 

12666 

778 

10852 

14103 

14814 

6236 

9891 

2406 

16038 

8924 

13550 

6908 

16127 

10998 

10320 

3235 

8898 

399 

2142 

10380 

14841 

11671 

5229 

11102 

9936 

1329 

4103 

12099 

9010 

15441 

1761 

4379 

739 

6454 

12460 

14517 

3885 

2125 

9505 

13475 

5845 

14435 

12193 

2397 

11819 

1633 

12903 

9161 

9942 

10057 

10668 

12959 

13580 

10251 

14343 

10195 

4042 

4441 

1442 

8024 

14555 

14393 

13322 

11468 

5621 

205 

6309 

11647 

7734 

16823 

9998 

16739 

4119 

1880 

9199 

14536 

14839 

5942 

15034 

13415 

16332 

151  S3 

5SS9 

4948 

14913 

2544 

13235 

7456 

1294 

6682 

14376 

1406S 

6594 

13183 

3824 

10170 

14861 

1793 

13408 

14718 

8772 

14952 

3890 

6845 

9535 

10455 

8338 

2843 

11463 

7686 

7426 

5177 

6648 

6042 

14761 

4697 

13275 

7034 

12925 

11122 

8886 

13148 

6982 

7710 

16507 

1717 

11483 

10429 

13658 

6763 

2866 

879 

2657 

16114 

535 

13821 

10048 

9651 

13382 

7281 

12485 

7823 

14126 

11042 

3148 

11618 

14845 

11877 

10862 

12370 

4617 

8691 

5326 

16267 

16148 

7394 

10008 

6479 

2675 

11185 

15880 

5126 

5790 

7257 

15768 

2612 

83U 

102} 

11060 

4602 

500 

12556 

2312 

4410 

16369 

11220 

3567 

1813 

2013 

7052 

6552 

3905 

10160 

256S 

12107 

8858 

13124 

10244 

10342 

16552 

14148 

2254 

3299 

8327 

4460 

12453 

8491 

590 

10089 

14441 

7434 

lion 

219 

0932 

9884 

9125 

2425 

3837 

4350 

16109 

5050 

13705 

6338 

15171 

7646 

8195 

2055 

2154 

son 

16518 

12353 

8194 

2376 

13342 

10786 

15036 

13880 

1689 

4783 

10.583 

9097 

13337 

1914 

10814 

5149 

6259 

4287 

14937 

699 

7540 

13606 

7294 

12647 

10614 

9329 

5263 

4770 

8465 

12,560 

7779 

8026 

534 

14063 

12830 

16046 

15472 

15109 

8797 

8901 

3321 

14843 

6929 

4057 

13390 

2214 

6270 

1866 

16251 

334] 

113 

625 

3564 

11570 

5641 

10632 

16577 

9962 

659 

15365 

866 

14706 

11616 

14832 

13213 

12916 

1 

14S28 

72 

1427 

12783 

14622 

10162 

8685 

11941 

4017 

14699 

2537 

13205 

9304 

276 

9622 

7.597 

3414 

13022 

11338 

7031 

5358 

11551 

8013 

8124 

1074 

2321 

5439 

9806 

9084 

15495 

5924 

2226 

5305 

9909 

3757 

832 

13563 

496 

4836 

7105 

4243 

3987 

13006 

15978 

1466 

10946 

9662 

10313 

3010 

8017 

14067 

9766 

10491 

9301 

5959 

3i7e 

11859 

4361 

10980 

10720 

8788 

8162 

15508 

2941 

1370 

346 

16604 

5069 

7150 

14023 

9265 

4928 

13986 

3840 

9252 

2584 

5211 

6243 

9175 

11261 

8333 

3101 

7354 

13917 

7117 

5284 

14043 

8799 

11346 

4865 

2163 

0333 

15541 

9309 

6285 

2031 

15870 

16164 

9688 

6034 

6580 

11665 

104S1 

964 

7772 

4700 

1628 

10172 

7488 

9980 

7642 

5694 

10908 

12848 

9630 

2639 

2493 

7836 

6829 

10327 

8637 

10912 

11208 

6084 

6673 

10393 

7846 

14447 

14690 

14358 

8940 

12830 

5339 

14786 

10280 

10675 

94S4 

2897 

14436 

10277 

-7879 

11738 

5870 

6875 

4428 

10144 

3543 

15222 

12803 

5028 

2070 

2,529 

473 

4114 

7834 

3043 

2329 

12606 

10950 

15067 

9994 

7258 

4107 

13812 

768 

12446 

16540 

10479 

5086 

15402 

2375 

4723 

1625 

7451 

4152 

0793 

6442 

7273 

14087 

1822 

11869 

9165 

15690 

7282 

8780 

10330 

14630 

122S2 

10656 

16261 

12613 

8976 

10105 

3183 

3670 

2817 

5671 

8237 

11472 

911 

1178:? 

10218 

13798 

9415 

6230 

4327 

4729 

124 

4778 

16039 

8919 

11290 

8929 

11720 

2445 

3259 

8442 

4570 

7479 

3066 

14310 

SOT 

3505 

16321 

12710 

4455 

77 

13354 

13516 

6018 

628 

2346 

16760 

6361 

9944 

12454 

SI  42 

1243 

8707 

348 

14541 

12609 

10121 

15551 

13040 

12711 

9904 

13357 

5228 

16871 

15643 

12784 

16034 

5319 

12569 

11538 

7234 

16168 

4056 

1692 

6336 

12198 

13467 

5697 

7075 

15206 

5077 

10790 

21,52 

4394 

8590 

3535 

61S4 

4 

2809 

6432 

15179 

5688 

13600 

14560 

7185 

11831 

15841 

10840 

16693 

13164 

1370P 

4050 

5362 

7821 

12842 

3157 

1927 

16128 

7420 

9229 

12818 

6913 

7843 

7996 

7057 

16296 

7179 

4330 

3807 

13174 

3869 

4482 

12851 

6203 

684 

9512 

10169 

7019 

5677 

901 

6377 

5704 

532.=; 

5430 

758 

14959 

5222 

7375 

9022 

4396 

15184 

11878 

2460 

4996 

16587 

9866 

130 

468 

9566 

8108 

8770 

4500 

11598 

11337 

58S8 

1961 

14491 

12504 

5304 

5733 

13607 

15772 

3290 

13072 

13388 

6387 

8033 

7160 

4707 

13028 

1340^ 

12036 

4886 

14715 

3676 

10113 

2858 

14501 

4434 

15000 

4972 

11335 

7494 

8042 

330 

3365 

1051 

1926 

4242 

16009 

16413 

9427 

1429 

14505 

13744 

11905 

9719 

5638 

11845 

7674 

4019 

14643 

16662 

12194 

12852 

3867 

12930 

1636 

143 

5032 

12708 

3067 

9184 

6140 

7945 

1680^ 

7428 

15681 

6502 

9920 

14200 

1388 

997 

134 

11968 

8481 

4580 

6476 

2896 

8436 

2042 

1507 

13299 

2473 

1162 

7201 

13707 

1775 

1,5459 

3247 

14319 

6427 

10766 

16222 

2967 

9321 

6166 

2510 

2446 

8152 

11.520 

2622 

16288 

8254 

13392 

12499 

11093 

12210 

11733 

3317 

15122 

12040 

12467 

10592 

10794 

13737 

3379 

1.5378 

14325 

4450 

3326 

7421 

9196 

9405 

8317 

9850 

7288 

4300 

82 

5145 

6284 

7193 

6759  6178 

14-130 

6376 

12;)58 

15910 

9869 

9767 

r?.3ft7 

.395 

11482 

15326 

5199 

11380 

16334 

14603 

14154 

0330  13833 

6601 

5408 

6237 

16685  i4R3P 

1411) 

12030 

5240 

413 

2212 

9204 

14134 

4320 

9435 

16145 

5081 

106SS 

14233 

2048 

707 

8079 

13257 

144S0 

4261 

The  Selective  Draft  N umber s^Continued. 


Col. 
18 


Col. 
19 


Col.  Col. 
20   21 


Col. 
22 


Col. 
23 


Col. 
24 


Col. 
25 


Col. 
26 


Col. 
27 


Col. 
28 


Col. 
29 


Col. 
30 


Col. 
31 


Col. 
32 


Col. 
33 


593 

Col. 
34 


9412 


6646 


9682  12164 


12389 

6823 

13430 

11955 


2391 
926 
U454 
10309 


16872  13464 


8332 

12429 

8004 

13971 

6495 

2063 

10090 

8915 

4740 

762 

4315 

13568 

12945 

16812 

182 

7757 

11604 

13188 

9170 

6952 

6430 

9316 

115 

14056 

9024 

3485 

895 

5814 

15608 

13958 

5534 

7095 

12651 

14G18 

14696 

2386 

1140 

87 

10254 

12946 

8298 

1.3854 

7243 

867 

6741 

3844 

14299 

10486 

9299 

7 
33 
5286 


6292 
9683 
9855 
7737 

14716 
8071 

11961 
6512 

13512 

931 

6050 

302 

5801 

8882 

11973 

12424 

13870 
8541 
8322 

16072 

8168 

8398 

6886 

646 

16056 

11099 

13026 
7133 

15697 

11225 
2540 

14.593 
5744 

12372 

3695 

4538 

8844 

897 

10623 

15876 

747 

2807 

2150 

7064 

10286 
92 
4335 

11344 

3260 

2034 

734 

10453 


7885  10442 

3139 

8381 

1480 

12876  

13116  12581 


1624 
13151 
10882 

8006 


11507 


14882 


4866  13,500 


9236 
11061 
11120 

3462 


6368 
10387 
7794 
87 


10287  12745 
9243  13575 


2543 
12747 


9772 
1557 


13983  14737 

14818  10179 

6865  12775 


12037 
.5679 


5413 

7111 

10461  13315 
5664  11791 
5475  11954 

9513 

2730  16750 
14403  13476 
14036  604 
11358'  5354 


8061 

9986 

16101 

11441 

15158 

16277 

4985 

2104 

10379 

7074 

7296 

9570 

2782 

4890 

10875 

7603 

213: 

1624: 

1196:. 

4275 

12719 

9747 

1760 

14195 

10008 

8499 

13491 

11899 

10655 

7218 

7023 

10596 

6041 

11972 

.5309 

7582 

11044 

12601 

981 

16286 

10902 

5458 

7599 

6296 

4503 

805 

16350 

11081 

13452 

■1798 

2231 

14357 

4832 

9180 

4788 

nolo 

5857 

13928 

631 

8272 

4571 

12208 

7271 

11946 

10573 

481 

8049 

12899 

14753 

10148 

1165 

12888 

3059 

5843 

12239 

14400 

9653 

1232 

5000 

8752 

983 

9112 

9687 

10384 

16955 

2711 

550 


3832 
3843 

12623 
8112 

14050 
9642 
4913 

10368 

11607 
7925 
6526 
2587 
458 
6257 
2050 

11403 

16448 
8S17 
9389 
2241 

11250 
5063 

12047 

6009 

7391 

9671 

704 

10830 
1607 
2362 
2262 
6568 

14971 
8251 
2508 

13688 
1930 
8568 

12736 

194 

3622 

1279 
3561 
3406 
2.306 
5541 

13386 

79 

9250 

11113 

3330 

697 

6579 

13717 

15952 
1137 
1086 
8697 

14748 
7094 
7415 
5195 
5103 

16393 
3933 
2743 
9095 
900 
1755 

10057 

665 

6105 

176 

1780 

16541 
4344 
7709 
3274 
4171 

15322 
Sir!2 
9639 

10788 

2668 

9281 

629 

12965 


112431  4267 


10263 

16559 
5101 
2677 
5764 
7706 
2931 

14105 
782 

13448 
94G9 
2269 
3319 

11437 
4577 

11540 
7399 
3156 
7208 

14327 
3169 
9815 

16689 
4443 
7693 
6683 
4611 
2796 
5323 

13940 
6078 

13075 

11052 
8562 

12701 
647 

12489 
6501 
2727 

13082 
2561 
4483 
3212 
208S 
3793 
1064 
8131 

13943 
6589 
9762 
4341 

16698 

13949 

960 

5610 

5258 

11719 
8834 

12904 

4029 

891 

12611 

4739 

2191 

806 

2651 

14831 

14989 
3700 
1691 
5622 
1120 

11201 
6637 

11668 

125.52 

1501! 
30^ 

13027 

11708 
6705 
7414 
643' 
6517 
3296 
160 
6097 
3866 


3612 

15046 

6610 

5769 

1325 

13850 

11442 

4919 

3683 

842 

10746 

14234 

6315 

11392 

13708 

11980 

8340 

543 

13097 

13858 

7881 

5745 

16971 

10687 

9012 

13842 

12157 

8 

46 

1854 

4764 

7362 

13691 

5396 

8922 

3914 

2688 

12100 

12817 

10759 

7883 

12909 

7263 

5505 

10055 

16276 

8941 

7504 

16910 

4284 

9264 

7711 

2546 

11571 

4340 

9242 

1719 

16696 

11069 

2287 

3830 

10638 

10159 

4320 

4859 

5921 

6394 

9479 

521 

1518 

3471 

11341 

12940 

16826 

6072 

54 

3552 

12858 

792 

9554 

7920 

1 4405 

7733 

2.5n7 

1.5471 

87'.'0 

5079 

8724 


6863 

1938 

16243 

14158 

5589 

10849 

6444 

12720 

10002 

4670 

■  568 

12435 

11798 

2812 

1378 

12015 

4358 

30 

7308 

13100 

10107 

10595 

11372 

171S 

13134 

13763 

786 

13227 

8840 

10827 

3546 

10420 

2963 

7725 

2468 

14504 

1693 

9445 

3924 

7063 

4013 

10096 

8514 

13328 

9599 

4241 

13554 

3874 

9831 

9993 

1050ti 

5976 

531 

7110 

9404 

11604 

15614 

10451 

12517 

10629 

15260 

804 

14680 

15298 

5915 

13163 

640 

4040 

7784 

5557 

4108 

3095 

6527 

15487 

1481 

683 

15571 

3515 

14653 

6544 

9748 

5927 

385 

0S05 

133S 

228.'^ 

6040 

6847 


7447 

3412 

7638 

2022 

7726 

16949 

13573 

1422 

16815 

339 

3865 

12799 

15124 

8962 

4117 

14774 

14004 

13340 

10403 

134'J0 

12333 

7537 

11926 

11709 

853 

5702 

7533 

1878 

13732 

6969 

14450 

4228 

10349 

4279 

9953 

4792 

3000 

15177 

8989 

32 

9938 

8096 

13637 

13555 

5212 

16423 

6010 

10352 

4159 

13634 

9072 

6348 

8724 

5146 

7877 

11579 

6466 

5719 

12649 

10697 

12278 

14931 

14561 

232 

759 

2176 

1030 

2087 

13501 

9192 

8182 

14187 

1.547 

2286 

8069 

3013 

3519 

3745 

10722 

13418 

13966 

4925 

4077 

1.3345 

14688 

6862 

9609 

9067 


12600 

7166 

5570 

5479 

14923 

3719 

12782 

11889 

16665 

4149 

1588 

6121 

15083 

14846 

10212 

6142 

6792 

12185 

10198 

0114 

578R 

10490 

1104Q 

67Sf! 

9340 

12021 

15729 

696 

5597 

9188 

7705 

8216 

3028 

16134 

1552 

7028 

9647 

1408 

2830 

6790 

3533 

16851 

2416 

4474 

7601 

13288 

1670 

14979 

3708 

223 

11053 

15506 

10512 

8633 

13356 

3159 

1292 

2017 

9350 

3478 

144 

12905 

1252 

3134 

3881 

6728 

15098 

9330 

12544 

12461 

8762 

9955 

8361 

11603 

8357 

5514 

1156 

13890 

8793 

9634 

6782 

2304 

8507 

11916 

14090 

8484 

9499 

536 


8824 

10457 
5968 
3626 

12270 
9773 

14128 

15023 
6294 

14812 

8686 

3082 

277 

14731 
6363 

11881 

11907 

11313 

12102 
3227 

12635 
4448 
9120 
6645 

15214 
1991 

13327 

5110 

185 

13474 
9881 

11322 

16023 
5617 

16621 
43.53 

11704 

2859 

6187 

429 

14870 

12494 

14518 
9990 

12595 
7902 
3190 
4435 

10370 
8577 
9718 

14619 
7804 

10970 
7266 

11245 
5999 
5602 

16979 
9348 
8000 
6104 

12806 
3907 

16570 
714 


16524 

2608 

3393 

15977 

J099 

13553 

5374 

947 

9763 

14065 

6127 

2G50 

12155 

1770 

14487 

450 

7832 

5983 

16873 

14624 

2802 

12917 

12116 

157!;8 

13457 

1586S 

10822 

9178 

4914 

9235 

2004 

6253 

5614 

8129 

10278 

10574 

15653 

13239 

1 1455 

12035 

7671 

13611 

5536 

9675 

4059 

3469 

7158 

10293 

7874 

4555 

3829 

7240 

3534 

8651 

9635 

13118 

3417 

16328 

15720 

8635 

9870 

16364 

204 

1493 

11037 

6519 


13626  16510 
9028  10307 


11363 
10145 


12543 
158 


12604  9138 


1368 
2432 


1301 
3996 


16555  10665 


6195 


6750 


14794  11121 


11659 
5741 
8494 
2914 
6905 
325 
7750 

15127 
2870 

16132 

14808 


5245 

12,588 

384 

6488 

1535 

191,. 

3822 

5752 

4900 

7299 
13690 


6722  13092 


11625 

10858 

1589 

4677 

2773 

10445 

31)2 

9'}  68 

3575 

2640 

11893 

6794 

9863 

5251 

12213 

8821 

5595 

14560 

14703 

110.34 

5466 

6082 

9003 

16790 

1  3903 

15985 

12040 

1358 

14388 

1653 

485 

9011 

2586 

801 

409 

163,54 

3371 

5409 

10476 

10153 

3210 

11838 

13181 

12173 

5403 

16844 

5606 

12009 

10226 

799 

7244 

15342 

241 

6650 

1.524 

3158 

8095 

16482 

11433 

8611 

13355 

16212 

3080 

7168 

10419 

15040 

5364 

10630 

13499 

10217 

6628 

9880 

15753 

1906 

7721 

.5379 

10979 

8921 

13350 

1966 

15667 

1.599 

15485 

6186 

13748 

10522 

5.507 

645 


11963 

7851 

3538 

7284 

7577 

2799 

12415 

11692 

273 

142G2 

5.SS 

1.5339 

4039 

13;i.-9 

4S0.S 

7151 

9689 

758 

1200' 

6006 

3008 

11228 

7206 

5606 

4088 

12484 

13852 

1033 

12913 

1452G 

2466 

10988 

12200 

7665 

4219 

3180 

5692 

5799 

9691 

10071 

15957 

15264 

15689 

9590 

15267 

6276 

12621 

6214 

1572 

12250 

6112 

2434 

7608 

15922 

13635 

16419 

7321 

16588 

10733 

1305 

9478 

3781 

9817 

9795 

7181 

158 

11,50 

6724 

15380 

4806 

2779 

9665 

788 

9816 

2917 

11976 

16144 

11063 

3713 

2433 

14057 

1383 

1174 

4065 

1935 

12340 

3549 

4301 


3031 
403 

2340 

10844 
9440 
3873 
84 
6162 
4794 

10201 
2424 

13411 
3947 

13810 
953 
6752 
6232 
6830 
4024 
1168 

15905 

62 

5156 

8625 

16978 

11073 

545 

8330 

6256 

15489 

12840 
9014 

13948 
5140 
4295 

15190 
5008 
6443 

10960 

15734 
1160 

126,38 
8741 
6028 

15426 
4089 

12853 

92 

902 

444 

2414 

8229 

6548 

1123 

402 

1504 

10161 

13252 

14914 
2413 

10199 

10214 
4864 
4541 

14438 

3327 

2.30 

5183 

12687 
4980 
7508 
9813 

14510 
9073 

14449 
9843 
2036 
6280 

14947 
7765 
8864 
8382 
6870 

10020 
5315 
6288 
2969 
6820 


16204 

1003 

6837 

9916 

10622 

13802 

16394 

1674 

16994 

11650 

10303 

16326 

11648 

3753 

1381 

1200 

9360 

3986 

626 

1946 

106.58 

11152 

15526 

6554 

11090 

2501 

16627 

6702 

14537 

794 

11279 

12478 

15825 

2401 

307 

13647 

14742 

2836 

807 

905 

6418 

15070 

1928 

5956 

1,5675 

13645 

8308 

7380 

9896 

449 

3480 

656 

12608 

10301 

13959 

13899 

9680 

15010 

9769 

7682 

13735 

4535 

10712 

16616 

10345 

2438 

10351 

7736 

10721 

13068 

10285 

6066 

38 

909 

5387 

16516 

16-567 

2188 

12170 

8636 

,3421 

15542 

8151 

12132 

9874 

10436 

6551 

4314 


942 

9638 

375 

16881 

1125 

3541 

4235 

14215 

14809 

9509 

9667 

7696 

16749 

21 

4139 

3633 

10678 

1782 

13972 

15980 

13344 

14184 

15962 

16477 

12639 

11800 

8970 

9895 

15133 

2387 

14423 

9712 

2770 

11785 

11492 

13853 

1346 

11731 

13505 

9968 

3614 

13874 

3944 

8775 

11462 

14133 

12409 

16263 

7470 

12418 

10149 

8345 

2926 

9734 

16323 

12931 

9190 

4296 

9292 

15381 

7143 

11211 

6972 

7788 

7486 

7286 

1729 

7047 

11030 

42 

14363 

8735 

7417 

48 

7671 

8167 

15364 

2148 

884 

6493 

1436 

1062 

7910 

10577 

9736 

16099 

2094 

14862 


4855 
4760 

10523 
,5711 
3024 
2113 

13240 
5303 
1273 

10965 
7021 

15872 

109 

1G56 

10774 

16468 
9992 
0814 

14684 
5877 

15077 
7167 
2170 
3762 
5091 
9150 
6867 
1476 
0169 

10616 

3951 

311 

13716 
3839 
5889 

16136 
8477 
3222 

16302 
C822 
2006 

12281 

13919 
1276 
,5781 
9121 
699 
4715 

14332 

16837 

10264 

14629 
1904 
6260 
6796 
2975 
9982 
7689 
746 

12135 
9588 

13638 
7412 
2345 

10033 
3430 
8519' 
1869 

17000 
398 

10550 
6735 
7439 

12220 
7429 
1055 
8181 
8172 

10125 

10897 

10497 

16702 
4014 
5939 
4090 

13650 
9579 

15099 


594 

The  Selective  Draft  Numbers- 

-Continued. 

"Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

CoJ. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41  ' 

42 

43 

44 

46 

46 

47 

48 

49 

60 

51 

3318 

16811 

16287 

9149 

4966 

9830 

8754 

1044 

13005 

9902 

6930 

8304 

10464 

4003 

10921 

12756 

4109 

151 

16184 

8663 

12324 

4409 

13528 

4070 

1756 

7978 

.4708 

7859 

9744 

9033 

8863 

12085 

5082 

3403 
16121 

11431 

10122 

3675 

14302 

10685 

10361 

2760 

3724 

8948 

6725 

14464 

6101 

5301 

10353 

4299 

10856 

10205 

6816 

5389 

9649 

14572 

2521 

7365 

15578 

16368 

7182 

6607 

3981 

6639 

9804 

443 

11711 

6687 
13530 

14570 

10954 

3780 

1049 

1263 

4497 

13300 

12564 

16032 

14700 

2721 

16765 

15482 

7658 

9104 

10078 

14906 

11847 

8763 

15155 

15795 

709 

10275 

7126 

16391 

8456 

13537 

3813 

12247 

10561 

547 

2767 

3087 

7758 

1177 

2341 

8341 

117 

6560 

12884 

15617 

13787 

11300 

13163 

6968 

98 

9503 

16376 

7628 

6482 

8756 

8479 

9428 

1330 

740 

141 

2792 

6267 

1982 

8778 

2742 

15051 

1972 

13120 

16623 

6228 

1529 

14730 

11054 

5234 

2066 

8291 

12326 

12068 

6884 

6817 

16069 

2851 

14398 

7189 

10568 

8618 

14921 

6890 

12582 

11396 

10306 

9607 

6108 

7579 

13481 

5056 

12237 

6709 

7305 

335 

16295 

7590 

8121 

2867 

12555 

11356 

8855 

15209 

1626 

7069 

10593 

12948 

11438 

3801 

7551 

6059 

8318 

16867 

5725 

1326 

120 

2876 

9436 

510 

2615 

7656 

279 

3537 

11836 

12528 

5478 

8960 

8423 

15252 

8184 

678 

12327 

3623 

4190 

16729 

3749 

13535 

10736 

9928 

10673 

9413 

1604 

10485 

16692 

9273 

1008 

7173 

12714 

12308 

12723 

5750 

16124 

12603 

11112 

13849 

12976 

627 

16782 

1418S 

15803 

8200 

7086 

9601 

4466 

3710 

148 

15708 

6426 

5481 

4645 

6170 

5833 

10408 

16619 

9741 

6514 

17G5 

7576 

10763 

247 

7687 

3703 

13624 

13035 

16464 

15286 

5239 

13794 

600 

9081 

13632 

14707 

8676 

12137 

6023 

13996 

9062 

16436 

11584 

2660 

10732 

11578 

3806 

374 

1630 

5378 

5039 

15711 

16866 

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10064 

9480 

1789 

12329 

11495 

4953 

4142 

10113 

703 

13960 

12700 

10507 

6922 

8600 

2882 

3447 

10670 

10978 

10990 

15754 

5275 

3090 

15241 

4389 

13951 

11194 

15881 

4604 

2177 

6192 

9457 

3600 

12043 

15093 

2744 

2797 

7015 

13814 

234 

5780 

7262 

12158 

12G69 

8589 

1663 

16553 

2602 

3302 

12698 

14117 

4459 

1261 

12297 

6328 

10906 

6266 

4110 

8236 

1057 

2220 

4304 

5672 

7891 

11837 

250 

9893 

9094 

2158 

760 

4554 

14365 

3928 

402S 

7011 

4833 

6773 

4675 

7129 

16686 

16452 

603S 

15954 

5805 

10723 

1264 

1283 

939 

13498 

977 

3053 

10831 

6403 

129 

15540 

1659C 

715 

10997 

1937 

635S 

12S33 

7062 

12421 

3394 

2864 

5074 

2171 

16763 

4743 

14507 

4618 

14877 

10962 

15215 

7732 

11062 

16599 

10689 

1696S 

12788 

6197 

7979 

15778 

9740 

5414 

4430 

7302 

13807 

1180^ 
14950 

7790 

2853 

8105 

2810 

3464 

8238 

15995 

7677 

5320 

15408 

3114 

2189 

13527 

8274 

12626 

12505 

1786 

7854 

3977 

12373 

12822 

16153 

1676 

1714 

2631 

0595 

1967 

5537 

12546 

294 

8156 

2044 

9561 

6087 

C584 

1564 

2121 

12654 

7911 

13877 

10337 

3437 

14000 

259fl 

3711 

14341 

7374 

1328 

13826 

2223 

6007 

16371 

5086 

12565 

15229 

4342 

15027 

11308 

8891 

5370 

7026 

11903 

14364 

657 

7990 

15893 

10669 

9716 

11715 

15091 

15727 

12589 

4106 

10241 

4182 

7900 

6897 

1811 

6254 

16656 

13106 

11008 

997? 

1911 

6477 

14427 

2717 

8116 

4493 

6846 

1112 

fi272 

8608 

13132 

8211 

13371 

7827 

14905 

2114 

16018 

2786 

15355 

3088 

6138 

13058 

11642 

13605 

12470 

14946 

6429 

16966 

14631 

9814 

8140 

466 

11795 

5722  89631 

4782 

15560 

6570 

14879 

13927 

3446 

1537 

2571 

724 

14895 

6262 

1792 

15016 

12519 

753 

8041 

14272 

10966 

4796 

2722 

1416 

1391 

6406 

11417 

8537 

10553 

9168 

3804 

9758 

3269 

14258 

8902 

4240 

3343 

1752 

15452 

921 

10101 

5216 

11974 

12167 

3950 

11104 

2676 

13657 

7036 

1236 

12561 

8517 

4563 

6753 

809 

1500 

6355 

16015 

13839 

13702 

3049 

16004 

7884 

14400 

3656 

10859 

7035 

603 

13185 

329 

14577 

15492 

10829 

9822 

6619 

15964 

13216 

4418 

3583 

4579 

12868 

13639 

2522 

5804 

3694 

112 

2927 

12740 

14395 

6388 

9787 

6398 

13850 

13540 

10839 

16115 

4184 

4823 

15903 

4997 

7343 

15065 

14285 

4146 

8025 

15785 

10877 

2301 

8526 

10444 

5365 

633 

4429 

4573 

14298 

15117 

4816 

15369 

13121 

138 

7025 

3709 

14778 

15824 

16463 

11788 

11298 

•  6436 

10784 

7385 

2033 

5057 

3458 

16469 

245 

159 

12240 

5788 

6383 

3593 

16680 

5783 

15588 

7071 

5512 

14514 

15862 

2236 

7759 

11143 

3750 

11712 

11206 

4134 

14241 

13038 

3862 

10395 

12637 

7968 

9633 

16211 

11325 

12602 

1668 

8091 

2224 

12686 

7898 

5363 

16595 

10936 

14010 

583 

12514 

660 

7923 

1227 

8076 

9210 

13416 

11339 

10930 

883 

318 

12966 

8476 

86G1 

12241 

16425 

4539 

15918 

10749 

4841 

15688 

1407& 

12141 

11672 

11134 

2457 

13259 

5114 

1682 

1526 

8470 

2343 

2037 

16159 

274 

2099 

882 

13472 

14837 

199 

94 

12475 

15655 

3086 

3591 

13023 

5886 

16253 

3329 

9171 

16795 

10456 

2246 

2359 

2045 

2291 

1439 

3023 

13286 

8443 

6046 

11151 

12172 

154 

6322 

9536 

5856 

401 

6173 

14222 

8075 

564 

5627 

9063 

4714 

6668 

10535 

7548 

483 

6613 

11633 

3277 

8897 

16073 

2643 

3976 

16409 

9785 

11744 

12838 

3268 

4467 

8823 

3460 

214 

11510 

6578 

16593 

6158 

16327 

9166 

14054 

14697 

13739 

13141 

227 

11176 

622 

3411 

16000 

6194 

15687 

6930 

13752 

8397 

495 

6096 

1262 

4285 

8146 

5490 

522 

8939 

10489 

4650 

8693 

8460 

10373 

15080 

5705 
666 

16492 

14509 

8849 

16467 

2577 

8290 

5423 

13486 

1461 

2718 

16362 

8807 

6347 

15057 

7215 

14174 

10773 

16626 

15043 

3550 

3723 

13912 

8394 

4360 

2766 

16019 

3374 

5106 

11494 

8964 

6011 

321 

5638 

8016 

5433 

5049 

16549 

10902 

11985 

4079 

16706 

13182 

13302 

12964 

6382 

3081 

4787 

11981 

10176 

3091 

4769 

13049 

8253 

8714 

3120 

7783 

4636 

1962 

15858 

7221 

4960 

835 

6815 

12906 

7950 

2489 

16428 

3131 

10382 

8658 

11640 

12614 

2542 

11801 

7163 

5759 

5470 

1716 

8564 

10010 

600 


The  Selective  Draft  Numbers — Continued. 


Col. 
137 

14123 

14727 

1026 

14324 

.  4809 

1250 

!  9426 

!  676 

1148 

10450 

12008 

3463 

10065 

13338 

16217 

4922 

7762 

6464 

1337 

16891 

1034 

16359 

12779 

1505 

16339 

8506 

9664 

13889 

15289 

3605 

16928 

6297 

9287 

16427 

252 

13495 

10095 

2848 

f5485 

13950 

6915 

8044 

2444 

12320 

6690 

17005 

3935 

4259 

13614 

1066 

4514 

12366 

11378 

12936 

6531 

4390 

14864 

10690 

710 

10724 

24 

7813 

1609 

S107 

922 

8521 


14616 
9258 


1222 
1664 


Col. 
138 


6692 

1202 

5087 

12097 

14206 

5683 

15600 

16885 

4837 

8389 

12978 

16444 

8320 

4829 

4902 

1089 

16980 

1432 

11160 

15534 

1351 

2333 

4553 

10348 

12080 

12592 

10611 

3429 

7857 

609 

2906 

6473 

16814 

4208 

5863 

3119 

11450 

7825 

12574 

14125 

3461 

14035 

12153 

3293 

1O360 

11714 

16779 

4799 

9065 

4166 

2146 

9520 

16868 

6634 

14257 

11554 

16986 

9127 

10249 

11818 

14599 

4397 

13424 

9899 

5061 

„„_.  9720 

5647  14627 


6518 
4588 


13152  10795 
13988  14344 


11377 
6483 


5474  12124 


1166. 
13402 
11606 

2109 
14695 
11904 

6625 
13200 

8873 
16248 

2923 
10621 

9406 
14935 


1  15899 

2850 

8827 

8502 

6876 

5411 

3827 

267. 

3007 

6586 

748 

671 

6024 

16422 


Col. 
139 


11491 

445 

2203 

7936 

5072 

285 

3475 

14917 

13437 

10016 

12134 

12466 

12397 

5006 

831 

5398 

6681 

1532 

14868 

13438 

2130 

5445 

7122 

7781 

1726 

9926 

15562 

3449 

5178 

6605 

5241 

15555 

13649 

4218 

4969 

8051 

1106 

3147 

4423 

12616 

487 

2756 

11888 

351 

16491 

1794 

4194 

7991 

5450 

14815 

12111 

3889 

13039 

12344 

16852 

4256 

9297 

11644 

67 

4280 

13745 

14072 

8950 

3637 

8302 

11621 

5112 

9279 

275 

14881 

14584 

4206 

4334 

6985 

14484 

1398 

6089 

15638 

60 

6036 

16761 

6441 

619 

16571 

10202 

2465 

11574 

7183 


Col. 
140 


2298 

8276 

7770 

12202 

885 

6883 

16946 

1640 

10973 

12866 

10588 

3684 

8810 

6373 

7573 

11894 

15605 

1647 

3162 

6549 

3855 

7088 

10029 

14949 

2573 

13871 

11197 

10044 

3194 

10004 

5076 

1379 

14886 

8003 

16568 

173 

12215 

13701 

2835 

11016 

3601 

5655 

15061 

10612 

1979 

8336 

2755 

1209 

3954 

15466 

2176 

5131 

14811 

10644 

12295 

14201 

8930 

12694 

2601 

6500 

6457 

15186 

9020 

2089 

8230 

4780 

10860 

1210 

14269 

3219 

14939 

1117 

9490 

16509 

5994 

5132 

7876 

11730 

8885 

8573 

16959 

166 

4135 

6801 

5809 

6171 

423 

549 


Col.  I  Col. 
141   142 


8819 

9897 

12042 

13433 

5318 

11519 

1708 

16864 

13241 

13740 

15815 

3075 

16956 

16051 

10734 

14205 

3280 

8621 

9093 

1506 

15606 

10163 

13876 

6415 

15202 

8574 

6663 

220 

10157 

11187 

6093 

16067 

7798 

3085 

16973 

11509 

16076 

13520 

14873 

15121 

4210 

9296 

86S0 

9244 

4321 

10737 

15478 

8843 

7712 

7829 

15984 

6653 

8335 

15572 

10488 

12374 

13334 

15297 

7926 

15900 

6261 

4008 

13289 

6795 

3599 

13201 

15576 

15078 

15258 

7739 

9059 

12291 

9558 

12703 

16594 

1022 

10146 

16474 

10190 

3019 

13186 

1570 

6950 

4959 

9193 

8378 

2204 

14440 


4244 

7948 

2469 

4031 

4844 

11235 

13180 

3502 

2403 

2408 

16389 

7275 

6110 

5616 

6558 

9476 

12304 

3058 

2297 

11174 

10674 

3764 

11992 

3386 

14652 

16661 

10536 

1186 

3569 

3166 

15316 

858 

7054 

1198 

12.583 

3068 

11015 

10018 

8324 

2788 

2695 

10508 

14336 

12957 

13616 

5696 

12115 

7114 

3072 

5484 

7678 

14405 

15210 

12330 

16923 

3647 

12627 

2708 

8859 

15533 

6791 

3018 

9690 

15934 

516 

13545 

9983 

10590 

2476 

6225 

953 

7899 

2123 

7444 

14188 

12233 

3692 

14945 

2498 

2992 

13851 

7345 

9430 

14189 

4229 

5180 

13931 

8113 


Col. 
143 


11399 

1233 

13284 

4132 

11836 

15546 

7707 

572 

6746 

5648 

16011 

1614 

2795 

11219 

10525 

11679 

9948 

9618 

10617 

1699 

14600 

10243 

4308 

5271 

10757 

15279 

7728 

6412 

5910 

8399 

12671 

12758 

9246 

7922 

13738 

12656 

15873 

5147 

13109 

15561 

7753 

10181 

12258 

163 

15989 

12217 

12607 

6895 

7337 

10221 

12214 

9670 

4250 

16664 

15501 

10976 

6154 

6874 

774 

11504 

4648 

6896 

10406 

11796 

700 

2593 

8710 

13888 

14230 

12692 

15896 

1618, 

14820 

15430 

11690 

2813 

5812 

5090 

13519 

2828 

442 

7051 

4189 

7835 

3910 

5144 

4874 

9724 


Col.  1 
144 


9084 

4766 

3831 

123 

10335 

9872 

15461 

9077 

13504 

10135 

12526 

1336 

15698 

16500 

5599 

3853 

12716 

10660 

5871 

7422 

13543 

9327 

1211 

4548 

8215 

2732 

12653 

7298 

16091 

6883 

3233 

5009 

12027 

2431 

9446 

16950 

7679 

10412 

4857 

910: 

3811 

15812 

11082 

1610 

11487 

5717 

1631 

1660S 

15035 

3966 

7482 

3401 

4329 

1620 

8654 

1430 

7157 

7210 

14957 

1228 

2025 

4203 

7060 

13699 

1531 

5698 

3899 

6718 

6172 

4624 

5420 

12176 

16116 

11316 

5298 

3425 

8868 

8734 

12721 

16031 

11009 

6025 

3769 

4775 

16466 

2389 

16879 

1213 


Col. 
145 


15223 

3854 

503 

1649 

15902 

16848 

5381 

14108 

63 

6887 

12001 

1606 

13957 

15049 

7669 

3624 

16775 

11568 

12497 

11418 

3336 

11695 

4348 

3128 

1491 

14667 

15692 

10706 

7976 

4752 

14713 

15372 

2129 

13597 

3198 

10104 

1615 

9801 

1029 

16990 

3520 

15504 

U902 

261 

8492 

6603 

7332 

9288 

1.5096 

16003 

14982 

4651 

5768 

12456 

16962 

13666 

14686 

951 

257 

9876 

14918 

9245 

14163 

2974 

11170 

5564 

10208 

4068 

8354 

12849 

7913 

2979 

1424 

16061 

15667 

15163 

6783 

4954 

5460 

13113 

319 

6869 

10560 

9537 

1850 

1142 

2348 

11374 


Col. 
146 


8877 

3894 

9078 

3763 

16562 

15255 

9636 

6414 

16853 

8875 

13964 

16129 

14784 

1987 

15066 

1249 

8664 

8217 

7253 

7636 

366 

1471 

7791 

1957 

14 

1870 

397 

5504 

1208 

14569 

8418 

13570 

6044 

8896 

5164 

11332 

1675 

3610 

4407 

7404 

3116 

12205 

10961 

15236 

7219 

8923 

1806 

7361 

11772 

15479 

7648 

14478 

13016 

4910 

14535 

3956 

3126 

244 

11861 

10817 

4909 

12845 

6733 

8180 

9589 

1272.: 

16900 

1499 

2108 

3991 

7623 

3539 

14566 

928 

215 

7697 

13905 

12108 

10771 

12677 

6366 

8688 

8991 

9017 

3739 

5598 

6618 

16433' 


Col. 
147 


10344 

10538 

4478 

13046 

3652 

3167 

8978 

14721 

1180 

4721 

5418 

9529 

7966 

732 

16048 

9739 

3628 

12218 

49 

13945 

13648 

9907 

3384 

4815 

3281 

240 

246 

4858 

1 6465 

10806 

7695 

5772 

12578 

14878 

15715 

5291 

1722 

11747 

15088 

5948 

12313 

13885 

7119 

10051 

3076 

1873 

0907 

9887 

10956 

3732 

15601 

10971 

16163 

539 

1672 

11124 

5197 

5489 

11566 

5508 

39 

2691 

11822 

14456 

9082 

16623 

7319 

7016 

14746 

11514 

578 

12520 

7612 

14904 

3038 

7980 

8908 

4082 

15662 

10556 

4252 

10494 


Col. 
148 


2647 


3249 
5561 
7371 


13460 

16399 

1204 

7030 

3273 

6635 

9502 

5644 

2534 

14360 

16671 

14142 

8645 

7833 

6492 

2520 

798 

15932 

5402 

4556 

7346 

9623 

10768 

12361 

15818 

13078 

15050 

1081 

13557 

1902 

3209 

12316 

8060 

6077 

6354 

13532 

14508 

16780 

8497 

5935 

7366 

12759 

6174 

6048 

16386 

6176 

1.5722 

11248 

10607 

14978 

6909 

634 

15002 

10885 

4907 

12610 

1548 

14385 

1989 

12746 

3960 

11533 

14583 

13562 

6588 

13088 

7245 

15716 

1003 

12566 

9143 

957 

11400 

8652 

7872 

1223 

7159 

2764 

3693 

11646 

13588 

16783 


Col. 
149 


13496  13677 


342 


14420  12110 


6679 
9274 
5712 


16324 

5747 

2322 

16234 

10068 

15143 

12089 

11216 

12425 

12279 

14817 

5236 

417 

13884 

16459 

11071 

9448 

6562 

14015 

7956 

14254 

15302 

674 

12290 

7964 

3224 

11480 

4720 

4464 

914 

13478 

1291 

4249 

4037 

6399 

1.5005 

5826 

14470 

4807 

5203 

5357 

5509 

8979 

3912 

16632 

5938 

10292 

673 

13747 

4177 

1230 

3649 

16586 

2865 

2461 

5808 

2265 

14953 

14428 

7943 

6102 

1584 

13672 

828 

11841 

15425 

13667 

14568 

15853 

3307 

15391 

2002 

569 

2475 

12963 

2120 

8250 

3805 

16395 

107&8 

15871 

6290 

7489 

856 

6055 

12393 

12789 

7138 


Col. 
160 


9206 

12234 

4167 

5613 

8713 

4440 

15674 

16380 

1758 

16080 

16870 

3286 

10021 

8037 

272 

13224 

2145 

16480 

6263 

8379 

341 

4207 

11677 

3419 

6630 

9873 

7387 

16933 

8907 

14212 

13477 

9464 

5499 

8120 

3275 

5950 

16210 

978S 

14323 

15474 

15375 

2283 

6553 

12645 

293  _ 

2140 

10410 

12033 

8910 

4521 

4684 

3536 

12919 

3557 

6657 

7178 

3174 

6978 

1573 

1753 

9313 

8135 

4635 

4741 

12336 

12444 

7510 

5947 

4098 

13576 

16475 

11449 

14681 

16154 

9533 

13060 

12896 

13468 

4076 

6738 

6080 

2018 

4426 

4255 

15776 

14993 

6973 

14640 


Col. 
151 


6472 

6936 

9607 

14813 

6386 

691 

210 

10984 

1205 

13198 

6352 

16688 

4421 

4291 

14728 

11218 

9060 

5932 

1286 

7907 

1713 

3333 

15319 

9352 

4527 

15144 

15456 

14933 

9655 

3963 

3230 

6239 

9674 

11048 

.713 

14557 

3848 

13053 

13653 

14973 

8138 

8174 

9023 

13256 

7012 

1411,. 

8639 

7631 

2043 

1.3368 

7431 

4601 

15331 

6478 

6220 

16265 

16410 

4456 

12174 

6146 

15811 

1852 

3309 

6775 

6940 

1214 

14747 

1995 

6948 

2986 

14502 

15324 

4461 

13990 

16764 

3484 

9131 

12586 

16049 

16021 

8015 

15266 

12148 

11663 

1421 

16995 

12697 

1,5373 


Col. 
152 


12816 

16330 

2426 

16240 

6901 

11900 

16752 

6609 

16269 

14458 

15168 

10191 

3229 

6099 

6145 

14928 

670 

13697 

14981 

13161 

6299 

12102 

11398 

14352 

12962 

16999 

4183 

377 

3256 

15157 

3231 

11769 

2672 

6504 

3316 

15422 

2118 

15012 

12956 

16975 

16083 

11161 

16079 

331 

6899 

14177 

13330 

11920 

14668 

1888 

8893 

16147 

4005 

6017 

2292 

12360 

10848 

14802 

4187 

2047 

13156 

16677 

11862 

2001 

16832 

15379 

15707 

16438 

9411 

1619 

11168 

3032 

2492 

839 

5094 

2874 

9403 

12433 

2156 

711 

6063 

8649 

1540 

1359 

7667 

4845 

3020 

5981 


Col. 
163 


3143 

5416 

16268 

4960 

1867 

4974 

13170 

14956 

814.5 

1.32 

7797 

4519 

2059 

8052 

7604 

6638 

2442 

7002 

16471 

11202 

11779 

2729 

1913 

3084 

11575 

15395 

7916 

6017 

9631 

15829 

16844 

5934 

16769 

14719 

8795 

14003 

15205 

8261 

2535 

7749 

3790 

7692 

7837 

13410 

10552 

12268 

3285 

965 

83 

13325 

10452 

2790 

16396 

16282 

2928 

16767 

5535 

10083 

9394 

14838 

11236 

10100 

2997 

10067 

13981 

6592 

16677 

9400 

3521 

10129 

16123 

15022 

2382 

5749 

1304 

13055 

1883 

12824 

7657 

10206 

9226 

14546 

16197 

1400 

16238 

9487 

15641. 

3186- 


The  Selective 

Draft  Numbers— 

-Continued. 

601 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

C;ol.  Col.  1 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

154 

155 

156 

157 

158 

159 

160 

161 

162 

163 

164 

165 

166 

167 

168 

169 

170 

4696 

15141 

6150 

1731 

11394 

11918 

16472 

4694 

16292 

14910 

2649 

13332 

971 

15352 

8323 

8066 

1551 

14892 

14725 

5218 

13099 

3952 

3255 

12417 

13939 

6199 

13454 

3588 

1296 

3506 

15737 

10680 

11825 

13169 

33r>9 

8117 

10752 

9850 

3582 

3595 

889 

2801 

6981 

3151 

7888 

3616 

1503 

14795 

4491 

1016 

14304 

16M 

10343 

11783 

1568 

8587 

12874 

7154 

9417 

4143 

7521 

15528 

8958 

7630 

5415 

1896 

5552 

10855 

13349 

3819 

14613 

3741 

14530 

3872 

5591 

4162 

2133 

639 

1207 

3108 

12650 

6545 

290 

1306B 

3990 

11206 

16301 

8331 

16633 

13073 

14651 

2302 

3493 

13847 

2162 

7468 

8988 

7246 

9016 

15128 

11793 

10079 

8093 

15261 

3527 

4316 

14214 

9377 

3798 

9465 

6345 

13571 

2627 

44 

1173 

10318 

5615 

4058 

3079 

9819 

3106 

10462 

14185 

497 

9663 

6888 

15343 

5547 

1777 

1791 

14168 

5562 

14472 

4332 

16678 

15516 

3368 

6538 

13509 

8726 

2648 

16162 

11473 

937 

8001 

7999 

15637 

3696 

6240 

1383 

8223 

7443 

14032 

9714 

3796 

2084 

15357 

15649 

5047 

2645 

7161 

14277 

1894 

16239 

11740 

9752 

7862 

9100 

4462 

9621 

13698 

4786 

4356 

8640 

14455 

12545 

2594 

5928 

3678 

15170 

•7951 

U580 

16340 

7407 

4148 

2392 

8769 

13248 

13036 

14587 

5864 

4536 

1812 

1141 

8751 

3663 

4991 

6017 

15507 

5341 

5167 

12129 

5065 

9979 

2239 

8222 

1655 

4730 

7000 

2825 

9949 

15615 

9963 

15820 

2229 

6957 

358G 

1800 

4374 

12515 

11799 

15807 

6032 

4294 

8786 

12192 

407 

9323 

15204 

69 

5623 

15071 

6921 

2890 

16423 

13083 

1784 

13262 

14582 

2357 

8166 

9705 

13598 

15192 

13522 

7353 

1389 

6835 

16713 

12065 

843 

13777 

3184 

969 

16405 

14645 

1104 

13003 

2689 

9700 

1363 

15081 

15503 

14523 

12012 

8704 

1384 

15955 

785 

6821 

15700 

2081 

13104 

12872 

16803 

3630 

7325 

12681 

13493 

8498 

3979 

13471 

13757 

4945 

3311 

6691 

8005 

7202 

4717 

1392 

10492 

4400 

1324 

2855 

1078 

9315 

8347 

8996 

441 

9159 

5407 

11703 

13724 

11195 

11200 

2009 

15682 

3565 

10797 

13911 

9743 

5104 

14824 

7629 

15104 

10704 

11552 

8706 

10298 

10124 

10533 

1696 

15797 

13811 

6934 

821 

8287 

1293 

4961 

11034 

7237 

8370 

556 

5609 

13237 

776 

16247 

6976 

1492 

12248 

8289 

12950 

15724 

15148 

14182 

14203 

8867 

864 

2187 

1859 

11728 

15470 

10210 

15338 

11423 

6465 

2484 

1638 

15842 

5150 

4854 

6320 

5667 

3752 

12535 

11445 

6513 

8054 

5246 

1990 

8593 

12879 

6669 

14379 

12506 

11432 

9333 

4323 

12018 

7378 

5767 

13494 

14858 

3738 

3459 

813 

7050 

7411 

8943 

3238 

4436 

16715 

16527 

9934 

10047 

11965 

4656 

9481 

12140 

1399 

5988 

1469 

12620 

16751 

3994 

12285 

3760 

14320 

11921 

10458 

12049 

4366 

7746 

1600G 

6244 

431 

164 

1288 

9248 

6346 

12800 

2349 

4289 

14462 

1701 

1586 

35S 

15275 

15201 

278 

5519 

15766 

1845 

14612 

2420 

8854 

13607 

7316 

14642 

2032 

9621 

15239 

1360 

15913 

6931 

226 

14253 

10276 

2834 

14792 

1331 

9036 

8512 

13758 

4027 

5506 

13552 

7806 

1.5251 

16945 

7852 

16817 

8768 

131 

8228 

3961 

1521 

630 

2949 

11676 

13031 

7098 

4383 

5913 

4529 

2881 

6285 

345 

6079 

10358 

10919 

13466 

16521 

11306 

15217 

712 

10007 

1176 

12864 

2871 

16983 

9700 

3754 

14734 

1798 

16025 

4973 

14745 

14660 

4765 

7661 

3903 

6465 

12767 

648 

13999 

7670 

366 

1060 

1660 

10449 

9349 

9563 

13768 

14495 

1100 

16737 

4391 

5571 

6852 

9383 

9045 

15570 

10427 

3279 

960 

9262 

6001 

12826 

2102 

10805 

13149 

10005 

7281 

10354 

11814 

4947 

12093 

11167 

6075 

14163 

14210 

10996 

13776 

17 

15800 

13119 

6873 

9331 

451 

15748 

357 

10459 

12081 

10682 

9227 

8269 

10156 

16274 

11990 

6116 

5033 

15743 

6577 

180 

10692 

6060 

4511 

4333 

10302 

9473 

10744 

9491 

1321 

13797 

551 

7326 

9792 

8632 

8984 

15529 

1397 

10883 

6335 

12951 

493 

12275 

10934 

14662 

4970 

4476 

12090 

9932 

15914 

16139 

14473 

8141 

16792 

10460 

16133 

925 

3063 

16637 

8548 

13432 

10664 

10857 

1801 

14040 

7334 

11331 

16173 

14383 

3175 

14038 

13615 

14698 

6349 

7330 

118 

14127 

1632 

13907 

3770 

169S2 

14467 

14498 

13944 

15648 

3040 

14934 

12495 

4016 

16828 

9733 

16934 

5375 

6419 

7569 

10898 

9111 

1256 

10776 

15831 

9124 

10544 

7250 

4088 

7523 

9976 

10500 

5673 

9939 

4734 

6371 

13791 

4041 

562 

9648 

4479 

9623 

14785 

11809 

3851 

12442 

2.528 

10304 

11029 

1242 

16960 

10411 

13599 

7003 

14540 

14929 

10720 

7162 

E046 

5529 

387 

1954 

3185 

11440 

13246 

13167 

15522 

16041 

10581 

14515 

7637 

9198 

15942 

7405 

6015 

5190 

13098 

11522 

13914 

3814 

4268 

12827 

8284 

7987 

2982 

10174 

13002 

12212 

8547 

15340 

8543 

9130 

6278 

12366 

12003 

4278 

11780 

15414 

11866 

6436 

10168 

1721 

2541 

14767 

15908 

5691 

3660 

3312 

5179 

1853 

14138 

7944 

3006 

12249 

9905 

2516 

15953 

7350 

2959 

9585 

12829 

6916 

727 

11439 

5878 

14424 

11876 

10139 

13529 

10969 

4364 

11653 

8530 

15259 

11409 

8227 

11545 

7317 

2512 

11150 

12401 

10061 

16909 

6201 

14620 

13934 

9208 

8420 

12878 

14992 

13323 

5168 

13463 

11760 

2564 

2251 

421 

15360 

9450 

15747 

1345 

2374 

9220 

16476 

11002 

8249 

9449 

15837 

13781 

14156 

8957 

4045 

10483 

10253 

7089 

5827 

7262 

16496 

16443 

14421 

14664 

1275 

966 

12410 

16821 

16805 

14058 

16155 

9037 

10300 

16385 

16401 

2401 

3718 

14418 

3646 

12294 

5848 

587 

3372 

7847 

12538 

59 

10539 

2838 

11135 

14033 

16550 

13938 

1710 

12856 

3922 

11295 

7855 

9311 

2385 

8478 

4213 

5665 

11558 

8451 

1133 

15416 

7727 

6258 

2753 

6423 

16037 

9051 

6379 

5173 

15246 

12579 

4444 

10204 

12693 

6342 

271 

8742 

14736 

4112 

11956 

8467 

7755 

1169 

7994 

2093 

7170 

8278 

1728 

7014 

6572 

8326 

1248 

12743 

10258 

9278 

15374 

7810 

1545 

7683 

416 

7390 

14016 

16643 

13720 

3671 

3513 

9419 

9341 

668 

14024 

12580 

6069 

12862 

9298 

10215 

3838 

1833 

115.35 

10177 

4075 

16082 

16085 

15499 

10493 

12559 

12751 

3648 

16526 

8466 

6621 

13290 

2768 

6100 

16259 

E276 

11871 

718 

15999 

12992 

11892 

5828 

8070 

8205 

14018 

7225 

12126 

1745 

14351 

3367 

5795 

811 

10142 

2918 

15307 

10178 

15545 

9385 

3177 

6274 

3314 

7685 

2355 

502 

9500 

12181 

14505 

9391 

16503 

5208 

8058 

1136 

16931 

4283 

10618 

2270 

848 

5802 

11586 

16408 

5003 

11083 

11928 

7068 

14610 

13916 

16024 

11833 

16473 

4506 

8965 

8703 

12231 

1545 

1617 

11870 

12704 

11117 

15497 

8747 

15607 

13295 

8951 

5345 

3015 

16345 

3772 

1988 

15147 

2659 

7789 

10431 

15167 

11488 

3828 

6499 

16998 

4903 

7483 

2080 

7549 

3625 

5336 

10645 

15668 

12351 

15712 

7552 

11436 

8789 

11426 

12927 

457 

6035 

381 

11425 

7545 

8343 

12060 

106 

11811 

16060 

11022 

15597 

8622 

10787 

9302 

3917 

16429 

3125 

16379 

7156 

13381 

8690 

6687 

3202 

14292 

11844 

15388 

13764 

27 

14970 

14765 

4096 

9114 

336 

15836 

12328 

8782 

9356 

14079 

9612 

6786 

6226 

12346 

1234 

5612 

11478 

13105 

12238 

5544 

15950 

7518 

8903 

4408 

5369 

3559 

16411 

11790 

16771 

3393 

14007 

15480 

16462 

1819 

9071 

5993 

9652 

1272 

13269 

15178 

6212 

12722 

9401 

638 

10687 

8968 

13793 

12118 

15433 

3508 

13921 

8631 

756 

1042 

2998 

15013 

15585 

13041 

3440 

1661 

7039 

16800 

2006 

1084 

2666 

12792 

7543 

13915 

12408 

9656 

6451 

3771 

4899 

15580 

6797 

8560 

8115 

10074 

13308 

9614 

15518 

14204 

7563 

6456 

14848 

13220 

6671 

16598 

1245 

6949 

10974 

13961 

8590 

15087 

6435 

6453 

16537 

3919 

9753 

11564 

5652 

3679 

9429 

8176 

10551 

16.':-08 

5563 

310 

1341 

3929 

16992 

5590 

713 

6542 

11527 

3025 

12380 

672 

13670 

2502 

888 

3196 

6031 

12846 

9039 

4566 

1743 

12223 

1773 

7303 

6343 

7761 

16799 

7664 

4452 

2470 

1821 

14860 

15139 

3777 

4738 

1073 

8669 

14648 

16182 

10727 

5105 

6157 

9894 

1971 

4475 

2180 

11045 

5406 

12700 

12819 

5040 

4263 

1033 

10053 

4254 

4891 

15361 

13631 

7464 

15861 

12381 

14220 

13063 

1085 

9224 

1102 

4080 

3784 

2030 

16756 

16143 

11251 

3925 

8160 

7180 

9699 

10567 

13869 

171 

16501 

6861 

14926 

5121 

5500 

16258 

8319 

9544 

972 

6903 

388 

6696 

16372 

6221 

15329 

13711 

4322 

8165 

9241 

6121 

11343 

7961 

12667 

9798 

6757 

9829 

422 

9210 

10578 

11749 

581 

14941 

13734 

15799 

2680 

16575 

8343 

15411 

6732 

7596 

16112 

10499 

1071 

5803 

8878 

11623 

9865 

7688 

8045 

4938 

1343 

3154 

5636 

10326 

10834 

2419 

14903 

4747 

1534 

12599 

4406 

7863 

12024 

14516 

13310 

12367 

2936 

3690 

6385 

3859 

12.553 

10196 

6543 

15014 

14318 

8972 

5451 

16528 

1960 

4661 

14598 

6655 

12405 

■  6770 

6697 

9286 

14070 

8102 

630Q 

5775 

9470 

595 

15334 

8505 

12151 

13785 

2268 

6821 

8511 

15531 

10283 

14198 

3390 

14175 

1316 

10222 

2942 

3995 

4761 

11532 

14279 

15221 

15137 

16940 

5373 

10672 

12713 

8927 

3788 

12648 

14265 

14986 

6688 

13428 

13612 

1575 

15498 

31 

7937 

5789 

16776 

3716 

5346 

15790 

3292 

8997 

5139 

13000 

1310 

5554 

1925 

8111 

10325 

7285 

16557 

16058 

602 

16576 

6860 

8439 

9605 

11867 

4120 

9725 

15434 

5720 

10478 

783 

11915 

12705 

11808 

4955 

15852 

6073 

6840 

7091 

7024 

1402 

5971 

3252 

2747 

7878 

15863 

5207 

9940 

6935 

8961 

14165 

4885 

16901 

8198 

1332 

8771 

1558 

12491 

16874 

14155 

5923 

1020 

6980 

3346 

1569 

2554 

5242 

1578 

14196 

1864 

13913 

7292 

16059 

4824 

379 

11146 

16880 

2232 

10154 

7841 

13251 

15774 

5611 

472 

13991 

12298 

9745 

12787 

14048 

11697 

8916 

11536 

4699 

2531 

3957 

2706 

12371 

12301 

9007 

16801 

16849 

3785 

7109 

2818 

7329 

10615 

12870 

10402 

15744 

3641 

11239 

5062 

14039 

13620 

15981 

229 

5343 

7340 

12885 

15321 

2483 

1.5044 

2724 

3093 

16176 

15515 

7191 

7333 

3576 

2506 

5350 

4695 

14042 

575 

10147 

4S2S 

1724 

16753 

16924 

11166 

10017 

5023 

13001 

602 


The  Selective  Draft  Numbers — Continued. 


Col. 
171 


11589 

3434 

16130 

1285 

9650 

670 

12596 

>262 

14219 

9212 

15333 

14369 

9751 

6698 

14609 

2358 

11943 

10084 

4387 

3882 

4011 

9908 

13946 

>9582 

15672 

11148 

1505i^ 

15684 

2477 

3315 

12823 

2250 

11997 

3574 

14092 


8540 


Col. 
172 


12219 

15573 

9956 

11743 

86 

3036 

6304 

334 

5344 

14644 

10392 

10798 

13695 

106 

3454 

5427 

5256 

7418 

15810 

970 

10801 

9918 

14683 

1939 

1246 

876 

11967 

2811 

14247 

16740 

1868 

12146 

13137 

15131 

1650 


11736  16631 


5084 


2091  13922 


6004 

8456 

16001 

11304 

13192 

;  3181 

I  3529 

'  7585 

11033 

11190 

7745 

13263 

12737 

10718 

771 

1596 

10339 

9729 

4084 

3698 

4718 

2933 

15723 

11292 

5052 

13896 

1184 

6879 

9483 

6933 

6222 

4979 

7186 

6605 

6325 

14S26 

6012 

2970 

16738 

11003 

15636 

1170 

1597 

16889 

4328 

2065 

14246 

3124 


Col. 
173 


Col. 
174 


6365 

14900 

3525 

7423 

13218 

11019 

16400 

6185 

12339 

4269 

2617 

8749 

10439 

3324 

5117 

14027 

12317 

13375 

2857 

9004 

6807 

10890 

5435 

723 

6207 

2014 

15956 

816 

15230 

2731 

8653 

5628 

5334 

4585 

11006 

12350 

15004 

12646 

15337 

5840 

9508 

2734 

12468 

8918 

8496 

7121 

3111 

1582 

4893  13803 
6324112785 


6624 

6804 

3920 

12083 

6321 

5070 

11620 

11732 

13590 

6511 

6359 

12422 

5685 

474 

11223 

9781 

16002 

8385 

14995 

3433 

8271 

4755 

4852 

10223 

16888 

11839 

3354 

3052 

16284 

6496 

10887 

16580 

15596 

9598 

14944 

1555 

7915 

505 

2623 

15107 

2294 

12078 

14199 

5873 

2644 

14646 

11560 

2197 

7490 

14321 

4260 

6797 

2919 

12765 

14444 

1437 

2178 

9459 

9555 

1846 

16672 

9254 

15114 

16905 

16634 

14029 

4549 

3262 

2665 

8391 

7328 

3193 

13564 

13247 

5841 

8022 

10060 

16813 

12263 

13333 

2569 

2008 

7892 

14001 

5300 

4470 

13920 

2667 


16533 

7738 

13809 

9140 

5844 

9580 

6161 

13719 

8169 

7663 

12644 

10725 

11364 

6448 

12252 

13062 

13771 

13361 

15794 

8066 

13954 

2364 

16172 

1520 

6729 

16806 

1841 

4127 

4487 

11908 

4157 

2071 

10225 

16648 

4735 

16703 

2381 

10399 

3498 

1871 

347 

16601 

305; 

4933 

11777 

13238 

13662 

13644 

4126 

9964 

1017 

6245 

14349 

1574 

10441 

9300 

14783 

7242 

729 

2884 

15159 

15188 

4081 

13617 

10477 

2785 

15860 

3436 

5737 

4520 

3105 

16355 

6701 

2762 

4093 

12088 

3786 

1836 

100 

11768 

2360 

1695 

15730 

16074 

16397 

7397 

2404 

14459 


Col. 
175 


Col. 
176 


13885 

11088 

5324 

10808 

1996 

1705 

4176 

1265 

2361 

2314 

5142 

8411 

5964 

14825 

7126 

11755 

12652 

7875 

10137 

3611 

3948 

1412 

10549 

2106 

650 

11100 

11757 

6281 

15792 

14064 

7820 

14386 

13015 

808 

14951 

4020 

8474 

5331 

9240 

9392 

2505 

15765 

14069 

3403 

3141 

4525 

13162 

7207 

9900 

2318 

4202 

9151 

11813 

13769 

15056 

3751 

16279 

10584 

11351 

19 

5434 

16735 

15248 

13514 

777 

15451 

12287 

1178 

8143 

5495 

4871 

8570 

10993 

2021 

10741 

16297 

2462 

16255 

7953 

10271 

13741 

13673 

10694 

13305 

15527 

15888 

804' 

3362 


3396 

7400 

10390 

11156 

12847 

6404 

2274 

15389 

13462 

12128 

14044 

10626 

13694 

12655 

9276 

15530 

11046 

616 

2450 

4671 

6172 

15437 

9141 

4215 

3705 

4270 

11789 

2703 

11171 

5261 

3107 

8191 

4130 

1335 

5890 

849 

5967 

5463 

6832 

361 

7865 

2909 

12154 

9882 

9263 

2342 

9088 

6956 

1900 

8723 

9551 

5314 

13318 

5250 

12426 

4540 

5626 

3689 

11654 

5014 

8252 

16519 

16741 

29 

8082 

7134 

11933 

13901 

9381 

5738 

2710 

10818 

6462 

13080 

11649 

5723 

7413 

10529 

13253 

16053 

5755 

11448 

12496 

16805 

9015 

11484 

12974 

10947 


Col. 
177 


9407 

955 

5849 

16104 

8800 

10920 

16347 

5798 

14739 

12922 

3850 

7359 

1943 

2373 

16244 

623 

2994 

12562 

7454 

16598 

14789 

11669 

10291 

13710 

40 

8212 

1344 

296 

10468 

14232 

15761 

3239 

10232 

10011 

1742 

6912 

6716 

9677 

11710 

1686 

11898 

212 

12138 

5316 

16483 

15972 

2583 

15265 

10698 

13715 

6910 

12901 

4298 

9354 

8705 

9933 

14678 

14865 

2642 

3272 

16014 

10193 

6706 

12127 

3604 

1447 

2589 

9844 

2271 

13891 

4615 

4551 

13621 

16687 

16337 

4151 

9626 

11615 

7283 

10350 

16762 

1922 

4161 

10257 

14333 

4236 

9317 

7764 


Col. 
178 


16506 

2934 

4926 

4612 

7786 

12267 

2783 

16630 

9195 

8130 

16757 

16107 

14404 

14006 

14561 

7392 

12860 

2097 

6606 

7029 

4967 

640 

16723 

16057 

5216 

9433 

15041 

1579 

150 

13056 

12984 

15663 

3918 

5699 

8842 

16111 

2599 

13750 

10547 

7866 

102 

11457 

10904 

11660 

324 

13069 

8412 

10136 

923 

6494 

11723 

4382 

4889 

16336 

10939 

4637 

12915 

16071 

9471 

14803 

10509 

3682 

10175 

6118 

10663 

2618 

15671 

8009 

8982 

12216 

16005 

933 

6022 

14178 

6678 

11281 

13544 

13204 

6919 

12338 

11307 

12087 

1827 

9035 

3789 

12744 

5686 

9390 


Col. 

179 


10948 
7867 

11420 

14119 
6 

14888 
1094 

15396 
9134 
6033 

10166 
4^72 

12550 
6300 
4603 
8464 

16096 

12342 

12199 

14135 
326 

1454 

10505 
6979 
1646 
8310 

16219 

14005 
1816 
3251 

12265 
2984 
9532 

12805 
8463 
7941 
8231 
7708 
3936 
242 

13601 
8077 
1047 
5980 

10056 
5025 

14011 
7744 
7809 
6446 
2103 
9943 

11465 
1764 

15185 
8027 

16377 
820 
3351 
8581 
3060 
8232 

16788 
6564 

12949 
5071 

10845 

9637 

8258 

371 

2626 

10108 

11856 

13796 
376 

15750 
9233 

15726 
8029 

13763 

16564 
8753 
2494 
3074 

12642 

10443 
3802 
9421 


Col. 
180 


4178 

16584 

7609 

298 

16953 

16624 

15079 

12724 

16178 

11501 

9154 

4935 

16177 

14252 

16026 

5936 

11461 

13314 

1818 

9460 

14520 

8503 

1592 

9668 

16704 

1501 

8405 

14521 

11982 

5656 

5279 

16015 

8638 

10635 

499 

378 

8266 

1834 

11534 

16699 

6971 

13846 

10014 

6422 

13034 

6400 

14045 

14235 

6117 

4940 

16581 

9837 

3775 

3800 

5067 

13217 

2515 

15042 

14402 

8078 

10517 

2478 

15920 

12104 

9214 

12235 

14822 

5007 

14850 

3216 

13788 

9750 

7272 

8812 

15749 

5861 

9172 

11186 

1635 

5736 

2863 

15656 

16709 

7691 

4774 

14955 

15951 

14602 


Col. 
181 


1015 

5452 

13709 

1076 

12211 

74 

4876 

15033 

2980 

4956 

10756 

9807 

12403 

12259 

3499 

5735 

10082 

6726 

15706 

1229 

13655 

10049 

15904 

2196 

13206 

4957 

7894 

16721 

8546 

10472 

15634 

2324 

8783 

6636 

10850 

9584 

7636 

10540 

13138 

6525 

10742 

2951 

5176 

15463 

14726 

12798 

15332 

8879 

789 

8655 

7175 

8627 

1651 

10192 

16223 

10515 

6760 

15421 

3584 

7800 

8189 

14573 

14851 

6129 

9823 

14071 

7055 

15602 

7817 

2606 

12432 

3900 

1709 

7620 

3034 

9686 

15553 

12075 

6133 

6730 

322 

10575 

3353 

5501 

6754 

187 

944 

6331 


Col. 
182 


6312 

6833 

10203 

9774 

81 

2264 

16865 

3140 

14367 

1115 

8850 

120G3 

3246 

5349 

10030 

2496 

8586 

16695 

14853 

3160 

15059 

11193 

4663 

13551 

7409 

10894 

9546 

6162 

7942 

4751 

6351 

9 

5274 

11651 

12855 

9486 

7611 

15009 

2255 

14372 

2417 

14567 

6827 

9398 

9261 

9225 

2924 

4271 

11452 

618 

2421 

13524 

4442 

4690 

15477 

15047 

2598 

13012 

16718 

1376 

11612 

13150 

11602 

16132 

513 

9818 

12530 

3985 

5545 

13423 

13729 

3871 

12147 

15624 

16930 

15630 

4884 

1403 

15397 

11379 

4627 

6779 

9596 

4006 

14270 

4072 

4630 

2019 


Col. 
183 


7396 

16017 

2916 

10585 

12480 

11666 

8428 

3460 

9583 

5461 

2290 

14852 

2261 

1317 

8876 

1494 

7722 

11098 

708 

14086 

13883 

16098 

2412 

133 

11979 

15025 

7352 

12101 

8522 

4599 

13881 

6776 

9318 

16157 

11882 

11503 

7600 

874 

13521 

1090 

9624 

14245 

3685 

706 

13577 

13130 

11043 

3585 

2690 

3942 

5230 

13469 

2367 

4196 

8240 

6407 

3792 

9645 

968 

4122 

15496 

85 

773 

2868 

13065 

12257 

4846 

14708 

16338 

6550 

2852 

9147 

8904 

14340 

2754 

1092 

16673 

3364 

11402 

8987 

11253 

14288 

11767 

15006 

14290 

1006 

10050 

4586 


Col. 
184 


8760 

12937 

12894 

13429 

2428 

13861 

10826 

3 

6651 

11516 

10501 

3474 

10180 

11873 

9947 

8820 

2693 

5102 

8087 

3373 

10495 

15072 

640 

15621 

1101 

16221 

11312 

10109 

16232 

8607 

11387 

3870 

8186 

4264 

14186 

16402 

4543 

1715 

6392 

4679 

16925 

11154 

12524 

12142 

8544 

12244 

13425 

2210 

15548 

2371 

15612 

6319 

12413 

946 

10715 

16893 

5543 

12197 

6491 

1931 

8246 

8154 

459 

3221 

4614 

8303 

579 

10730 

15997 

1763 

12121 

119 

689 

68 

8983 

9657 

13663 

12898 

14338 

12883 

14453 

10813 

6054 

10545 

3982 

3937 

4983 

12175 


Col. 
185 


13468 

11812 

14075 

6489 

3812 

14190 

2131 

7724 

11673 

15917 

8199 

16226 

4181 

5640 

14634 

14391 

10425 

2952 

4446 

10639 

14370 

7220 

8736 

1587 

16670 

4633 

6849 

11759 

3992 

10981 

6181 

13293 

12052 

13309 

2443 

2563 

12932 

9026 

14120 

2092 

14528 

1415 

1999 

14476 

3826 

9851 

4912 

13008 

15878 

10110 

12857 

6119 

6623 

7988 

10328 

15895 

8643 

8086 

15075 

15424 

14446 

8177 

11264 

11324 

9046 

4830 

10863 

15885 

617 

2395 

10428 

43 

4061 

3289 

10073 

1069 

1000 

4641 

3376 

4749 

11234 

14408 

14225 

9038 

7567 

11262 

12266 

12029 


Col. 
186 


8126 

12577 

5175 

3205 

9711 

6134 

13042 

10565 

6002 

16320 

8596 

5524 

7453 

11320 

6674 

6714 

16531 

16932 

15849 

3544 

15484 

2667 

8624 

14157 

7306 

13942 

11366 

3496 

15746 

12483 

8656 

6283 

9731 

5946 

3069 

8993 

4722 

3740 

14401 

11233 

10846 

2625 

6268 

8687 

3878 

5830 

7963 

3415 

10591 

767 

12062 

16430 

6573 

16293 

7561 

1157 

8364 

1735 

6761 

635 

12715 

15447 

1014 

15505 

7046 

991 

14703 

2635 

6210 

16600 

10391 

6995 

9148 

10700 

5515 

13057 

1459 

11381 

10949 

881 

8509 

16724 

6169 

4125 

10265 

4422 

6417 

13963 


CoL 

187 


7004 

9363 

13640 

15266 

9971 

4324 

137 

2076 

12394 

2277 

10250 

4102 

15108 

14710 

12180 

15535 

559 

4312 

10829 

14025 

2898 

13941 

16967 

12348 

13669 

9854 

14527 

11291 

U828 

11598 

11345 

10216 

2266 

3619 

15773 

1107 

9475 

4822 

14261 

12390 

9782 

5410 

12341 

2956 

7649 

6016 

4021 

67U 

6624 

1238 

6395 

12881 

10187 

15660 

6109 

4064 

16187 

741 

10097 

6248 

13187 

11930 

15929 

12657 

16311 

7912 

259 

3887 

14085 

12183 

5523 

11010 

8675 

16102 

15804 

6786 

16298 

12073 

16963 

7097 

1386 

15228 

5643 

1804 

4512 

10238 

2847 

8602 


Statistics  of  the  Draft. 


G03 


THE  SELECTIVE  DRAFT  NVMBERS— Continued . 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col. 

Col.  fnl 

188 

189 

190 

191 

192 

193 

194 

195 

196 

197 

198 

199 

200 

201 

202 

203 

204 

6770 

14243 

9139 

6557 

2630 

5589 

11180 

751 

7370 

3026 

7276 

3620 

5891 

13746 

14009 

4917 

12030 

11361 

12836 

4576 

9366 

1454 

11127 

4036 

7530 

2607 

2235 

15788 

636 

5342 

2144 

16252 

7570 

1395 

1163 

13178 

2846 

5979 

7498 

8197 

1C758 

9209 

3397 

10710 

8475 

5266 

9985 

16394 

7782 

2449 

6206 

16815 

16674 

11330 

1322 

4785 

10878 

16077 

8738 

10892 

11091 

16742 

15110 

6041 

16052 

15250 

4338 

677 

982 

5269 

8139 

5134 

4113 

5289 

3602 

13191 

9424 

1127 

1956 

15483 

13492 

16615 

7694 

15679 

6250 

13542 

11987 

16936 

7348 

5520 

6629 

11960 

10098 

16280 

4197 

4593 

11183 

16601' 

10041 

6781 

9295 

9041 

9477 

6992 

11611 

11141 

2765 

6070 

15946 

8390 

11993 

11280 

10913 

12369 

16796 

16898 

1G342 

8315 

1280 

14771 

16766 

16717 

1287 

4030 

945 

6596 

14769 

4073 

6367 

9488 

12790 

16802 

14293 

10961 

1683 

9466 

13197 

698 

6737 

14439 

3046 

6810 

6481 

16887 

8048 

5097 

10705 

2319 

7295 

11585 

3439 

16636 

9307 

15090 

15294 

13210 

6868 

10152 

11517 

5517 

7235 

7647 

8550 

3737 

10911 

16913 

265 

16088 

10197 

10888 

9898 

16205 

4473 

15718 

419 

6120 

16189 

15135 

8376 

3699 

907 

12002 

463 

8730 

16160 

7455 

7501 

2317 

16110 

16944 

14242 

6209 

8729 

4905 

7308 

479 

11020 

11411 

16325 

10613 

15160 

12312 

7419 

255 

2077 

9553 

6313 

7093 

5188 

12991 

13030 

4078 

3896 

1601 

15646 

14412 

116 

3654 

16719 

4975 

5440 

10696 

5824 

16457 

810 

5308 

4226 

13906 

3117 

7432 

2774 

6497 

13127 

3603 

15113 

10103 

6799 

4594 

14943 

6123 

9293 

14626 

6484 

3858 

1759 

6767 

10165 

8510 

12634 

15971 

2199 

5502 

6831 

9492 

12305 

5002 

6482 

16660 

5850 

7514 

4049 

6808 

10948 

7780 

16894 

862 

7893 

13974 

7066 

8432 

16183 

12676 

10717 

15116 

10555 

13484 

7954 

12136 

12983 

4883 

11897 

2679 

13084 

8582 

14354 

5449 

5918 

4055 

12487 

1411 

537 

15974 

7061 

10542 

152U 

5575 

1634 

13567 

4526 

14897 

5151 

692 

6463 

4653 

14426 

353 

1299 

1618 

3621 

519 

5496 

7072 

5368 

15481 

9332 

10815 

4023 

15764 

14656 

7842 

11810 

6020 

13398 

16078 

4744 

9064 

14136 

11199 

1436 

7042 

14114 

1747 

15928 

6179 

5774 

10231 

1289 

13179 

840 

1419 

11541 

15865 

5431 

5321 

13048 

5869 

8534 

4550 

1333 

7437 

14077 

2681 

9770 

14500 

6826 

12660 

7461 

6850 

11391 

14589 

13091 

14847 

8472 

5202 

1113 

9342 

12072 

11525 

3540 

3448 

10475 

15)87 

2112 

5674 

0879 

15777 

12462 

11914 

8233 

5189 

11883 

13023 

12160 

16964 

4186 

9952 

14076 

12981 

16180 

9525 

11412 

15306 

4121 

5714 

2023 

7921 

5432 

14059 

4137 

14021 

6689 

6074 

6566 

7650 

16977 

2575 

14542 

10872 

6071 

400 

12492 

15237 

9043 

11617 

11153 

13007 

5902 

13222 

15678 

13427 

13230 

15963 

1080 

2310 

13199 

15220 

16839 

7935 

15652 

15740 

2208 

13815 

3282 

2585 

10659 

14002 

12890 

11078 

7631 

15947 

14442 

15196 

14732 

2062 

654 

1544 

7565 

218 

4776 

78 

6894 

15532 

13083 

4946 

195 

872 

5093 

4306 

6039 

4898 

8926 

16181 

4337 

16445 

4968 

3065 

6051 

685 

5568 

11934 

4544 

221 

987 

2240 

13037 

4221 

14121 

3444 

15282 

9455 

5294 

15383 

7754 

14098 

11996 

16782 

7067 

2798 

16869 

15633 

14394 

10364 

15277 

11459 

13765 

14273 

14209 

15975 

1508 

1877 

5669 

15809 

6736 

3301 

16309 

11410 

10608 

13374 

12563 

6364 

4655 

9474 

6381 

6993 

772 

841 

2219 

5425 

9167 

5027 

7341 

14760 

7698 

6286 

13189 

6136 

2669 

16551 

3587 

13503 

5192 

11608 

9930 

14468 

14014 

16607 

8554 

3261 

4965 

5693 

11834 

10200 

15817 

6677 

2947 

11023 

2746 

14639 

13142 

16875 

3841 

9995 

8557 

13789 

9420 

13721 

8944 

1889 

15877 

4825 

5842 

16716 

14494 

11362 

13076 

2190 

14883 

12869 

5880 

2808 

16927 

5785 

12011 

3999 

824 

1862 

15356 

16647 

3755 

13898 

15243 

7532 

6136  4191 

7748 

8737 

9054 

3172 

15162 

4200 

5G19 

13868 

10923 

4438 

9988 

11031 

12939 

3908  9174  13786  5834 

5603 

16969 

16884 

16512 

1879 

4894 

4205 

7445 

12887 

11995 

15247 

11746 

4225 

16941  3517  1S9I6  15781 

10416  14034 

13111 

9207 

13582 

9146 

6817  5885 

9260 

9969 

12734 

STATIST8CS    OF    THE    DRAFT. 

CONGRESS,  May  18,  1917,  jjassed  the  First  Selective  Service  Law  which,  with  ita  siib.5eQuent  amend- 
ments, resulted  in  four  registrations: 

June    5,  1917,  21  to  30  years 9,586,508  1  Sept.  12,  1918,  18  to  20  and  32  to  45  vrs.  .12,960,594 

June    5,  1918,  21  to  30  years 744,865  ■- 

Aug.  24,  1918,  21  to  30  years. 158,054  |         Total 23,456,921 

The  numbers  of  the  first  draft  were  drawn  July  20,  1917;  those  for  the  second,  Juue  27,  1918;  those 
for  the  third,  September  30-October  1,  1918. 

BALANCE   SHEET   OF   THE    FIRST   DRAFT. 
(As  prepared  by  the  Provost  Marshal  General's  OflBce  on  the  best  information  available  as  of  Aug.  30,  1918.) 

Registration  of  June  5,  1917,  9,586,508;  inducted  or  otherwise  accounted  for  prior  to  December  1, 

1917,  897,061;  number  due  to  file  questionnaires.  8,689,447;  number  placed  in  Class  I.,  2,473,680;  number 

placed  in  Class  II.,  497,261;  number  placed  in  Class  III.,  416,456;  number  placed  in  Class  IV.,  3,406,240: 

number  placed  in  Class  V.,  1,895,810;  total,  8,689,447. 

Analysis  of  Class  1. — Total  number  iu  Class  I.,  as  of  September  1,  1918,  2,473,680;  delinquents,  285,895: 
emergency  fleet,  46,552;  limited  service,  245,234;  remedial  defectives,  58,950;  not  physically  examined, 
42,801;  total,  679,432. 

Fighting  men  left,  1,794,248;  registration  of  June  5,  1918,  744,865;  number  placed  in  Class  I.,  408,517; 
total,  2,202,765. 

Delinquents,  11,107;  emergency  fleet,  5,530;  limited  service,  32,589;  remedial  defectives,  9,433;  not  physi- 
cally examined,  37,771;  total,  96,430. 

Total  number  of  fighting  men  to  be  accounted  for,  2,106,335;  January  calls,  23,288;  February  calls,  83,779; 
March  calls,  132,484;  April  calls,  174,377;  May  calls  (1),  360,230;  June  calls,  292,354;  July  calls, 
(2),  396,811;  August  calls,  285,039;  rejected  at  camp  requiring  replacements  during  May  and  June, 
56,076;  total,  1,804,438. 

Balance  fighting  men  as  of  September  1,  1918,  301,897;  deductions  lor  inductions  to  replace  men  rejected 
under  July,  August,  and  September  calls,  deaths,  reclassifications,  etc.,  70,327. 

Net  balance  fighting' men  September  1,  1918  (3),  231,570. 

NOTE — (1)  12,833  inducted  from  Porto  Rico,  making  total  for  May,  373.063.  (2)  4,336  Inducted 
from  Hawaii,  making  total  for  July,  401,147.  (3)  Of  this  number  160,401  are  white,  56,169  are  colored, 
and  15,000  are  in  Porto  Rico. 

THE   DRAFT   OF  JUNE   5,   1917. 

(The  figures  cover  the  first  quota,  and  the  data  are  summarized  from  tlie  report  made  to  the  Secretary  of 

War,'December  20,  1917,  by  Provost  Marshal  General  Enoch  H.  Crowder.) 

The  Selective  Service  Law  was  enacted  by  Congress  on  May  18,  1917.  On  June  5,  9,586,508  young 
men  of  miUtary  age,  between  21  and  30  years,  assembled  before  the  more  than  3,500  registration  boards 
throughout  the  country  and  subscribed  their  names.  These  boards  contained  over  12,000  members,  and 
had  125,000  registrars  and  other  assistants.  The  regulations  for  exemptions  were  distributed  by  June 
18,  and  early  in  July  the  task  of  allotting  quotas  and  credits  for  voluntary  enlistments  was  completed. 
The  order  in  which  the  registrants  were  to  be  called  on  to  determine  their  avallabiUty  for  military  service 
was  settled  by  a  great  central  lottery  at  Washington,  in  the  Senate  Office  Building,  on  July  20.  The  first 
quota  imder  the  draft  was  687,000  men.  On  Juiy  30  the  National  Army  took  in  the  first  selected  man 
under  the  draft  plan,  and  by  September  1,  1917  about  180,000  men  had  been  passed  by  the  boards  and 
were  ready  for  training.    The  designation  of  Gen.  Crowder  as  Provost  had  been  made  on  May  22.    He 


604 


Statistics  of  the  Br  aft— Continued. 


waa  assisted  in  worhing    out  diait  details  by  Captains  Hugii  S.  Joliiisoa,  cavalry,  and  Cassius  M.  Dowell, 
Infantry. 

For  the  purpose  of  apportioning  quotas  to  the  States  and  Territories  and  the  District  of  Columbia 
there  Vfas  added  to  the  total  number  of  men  687,000,  to  be  raised  by  the  first  draft  under  the  Selective 
Service  act;  the  further  number  of  465,985  thus  composed:  (a)  164,292  men  who  were  in  the  military 
service  of  the  United  States  as  members  of  the  National  Guard  on  April  1,  1917;  (6)  183,719  men  who 
entered  the  military  service  of  the  United  Sitates  as  members  of  the  National  Guard  during  the  period  from 
April  2  to  June  30,  1917,  both  dates  inclusive;  and  (c)  117,974  men  wlio  entered  the  military  service  of 
the  United  States  as  members  oi  the  Regular  Army  during  the  period  from  April  2  to  June  30,  1917,  both 
dates  inclusive,  malting  1,152,985  in  all. 

The  first  call  was  August  25;  second,  September  19;  third,  September  22;  fourth,  October  13;  fifth, 
November  2;  sixth,  November  21;  seventh,  December  7;  eighth,  December  8; 

The  cost  of  obtaining  men  by  the  selective-service  system  includes  only  expenses  up  to  the  time  of 
entrainment  for  tlie  camps.  By  a  statement  from  the  Adjutant  General,  the  per  capita  cost  of  recruiting 
in  1914  was  $24.48  and  ia  1915  S19.14.  It  further  appears,  from  a  statement  of  the  Adjutant  General, 
that  the  per  capita  cost  of  recruiting  for  the  first  nine  months  of  the  flscal  year  1917 — July,  1916,  to  April, 
1917,  inclusive— was  $28.95. 

Per  capita  cost  of  the  selective-service  system  in  1917  and  the  Civil  War  draft,  compared — Under  the 
act  of  March  3,  1863,  Gen.  James  B.  Fry  was  appointed  the  Provost  Marshal  General.  In  his  report, 
dated  March  17,  1866.  he  states  that  the  cost  of  recruiting  1,356,593  men,  prior  to  the  passage  of  the  act 
referred  to,  wa.j  $34.01.  Under  the  act  of  March  3,  1863,  referred  to,  each  district  of  every  loyal  State 
was  assigned  a  certain  quota  of  men  which  it  was  required  to  produce  lor  the  army.  If  the  entire  quota 
volunteered,  no  draft  was  held.  If  part  volunteered  the  balance  was  drafted.  For  that  reason  the  ex- 
penses of  the  volunteer  and  draft  systems  under  Gen.  Fry's  administration  were  so  intermingled  that  no 
separate  per  capita  cost  can  be  arrived  at.  His  report  shows  a  total  of  1,120,621  men  produced  at  a  cost 
of  311,027,715.21,  or  $9.84  per  capita.  This  report  nowhere  gives  the  items  going  to  malie  up  the  total 
amount.     Of  this  number  only  168,649  were  drafted  men  or  substitutes. 

Agricultural  claims — Filed,  93,428;  granted,  33,528.  Non-agricultural  claims — Filed,  47,448;  granted 
20.315. 

ALIENS  Registeeed  and  CALLED  IN  BIG  CITIES,  1917  (The  first  number  shows  the  registered,  second 
number  the  called)— New  York,  161,805,  64,161;  Chicago,  72,405,  29,600;  Philadelphia,  32,635,  12,524; 
Cleveland,  25,189,  11,572;  Boston,  19,290,  6,581;  Milwaukee,  6,473,  2,002;  Seattle,  5,606,  1,765;  St.  Louis, 
6,412,  1,602;  San  Francisco,  3,793,  1,962;  Cincinnati,  2,367,  608;  New  Orleans,  1,990,525. 

Nationalitt  of  Aliens  Registered:  Cobelligerents — Belgium,  3,952;  France,  3,510.  Great  Britain — 
England,  27,553;  Ireland,  20,840;  Scotland,  7,491;  Wales,  1,563;  Canada,  47,258;  elsewhere,  16,479.  Greece, 
68,005;  Italy,  245,679;  Portugal,  21,943;  Roumanla,  7,695;  Russia,  275,413;  Serbia,  2,852;  China,  7,170; 
Japan,  15,336.  Neutral — Denmark,  8,063;  Netherlands,  6,679;  Norway,  16,678;  Sweden,  24,663;  Switzer- 
land, 4,929;  Mexico,  59,146;  Central  and  South  America,  5,429;  sundries,  22,688.  Enemy — Germany, 
40,663;  Austria-Hungary,  238,768.    AlUed  with  enemy — Bulgaria,  7,271;  Turkey,  36,031;  total,  1,243,801. 

COST  OF  THE  SELECTIVE  DRAFT  IN  NEW  YORK  STATE. 

The  average  cost  of  registering  1,029,226  New  York  State  men  for  the  Federal  draft  and  Inducting 
167,643  of  them  into  the  National  Army  by  June  30,  1918,  was  S1.42,  according  to  figures  sent  to  Gov. 
Whitman  by  Major  F.  S.  Hutchinson,  disbursing  officer  and  agent  of  the  United  States  in  the  State  of  New 
York,  in  charge  of  the  Selective  Service  Bureau  of  Adjutant  General  Sherrill's  office.  In  New  Rochelle  the 
cost  to  the  Government  was  nothing,  that  city  bearing  the  expense.  In  other  places  the  induction  cost  per 
capita  ran  from  12  cents  a  man  by  Board  164  of  New  York  City  to  S2.5S  a  man  by  Board  161  of  New  York 
City.  The  boards  ranldng  next  to  New  Rochelle  and  Board  164,  New  York  City,  in  lowest  cost  were:  Board 
184,  New  York  City,  26  cents  per  man  lor  2,833  men;  Oneida  County  Board  2,  27  cents  a  man  lor  1,698  men; 
Orange  County  Board  2,  31  cents  a  man  for  2,428  men.  The  highest  per  capita  cost  in  cities  outside  of 
New  York  was  in  Albany  City  Board  1,  where  2,036  men  were  inducted  at  S2.00  each.  The  highest  per 
capita  cost  in  counties  was  in  Rensselaer  County  Board  1,  where  the  average  was  S2.44  for  1,822  men  going 
Into  the  service,  for  the  period  ending  June  30,  1918. 

The  figures  for  the  September  12,  1918  registration  cover  the  actual  register  that  day  with  local  boards, 
and  do  not  Include  str.aggiing  returns. 

EESULTS,  BY  STATES,  OF  REGISTRATIONS  OF  JTJNE  5,  1917,  JUNE  5,  1918,  AUGUST  24,  1918, 

AND    SEPTEMBER    12,    1918. 


States. 

June  S, 
1917. 

June  B, 
1918. 

Aug. 
24,  1918 

Sept.  12, 
1918. 

Total. 

States. 

June  5, 

1917. 

June  5, 

1918. 

Aug. 
24,  1918 

Sept.  12, 
1918. 

Total. 

trn.  States . 

9,586,508 

744,865 

158,054 

12,966,594 

23,456,021 

Mont 

Neb 

Nev 

88,299 

118,278 

12,090 

4,255 

9,873 

561 

830 
1,959 

107 

100,784 

152,630 

17,039 

194,168 

282,742 
29,797 

Ala 

182,499 

15,358 

3,914 

235,753 

437,124 

Ariz 

37,355 

1,695 

335 

52,870 

92,255 

N.  Hamp.. 

37,519 

2,776 

600 

52,603 

93,498 

Ark 

149,097 

13,203 

2,797 

193,569 

358,671 

N.J 

304,208 

20,574 

4,792 

425,136 

754,710 

Cal 

298,989 

18,834 

3,923 

478,410 

800,156 

N.  M 

33,497 

1,674 

465 

43,326 

78,962 

Col 

81,125 

6,923 

1,356 

122,244 

214,648 

N.  Y 

1,009,343 

69,329 

13,115 

1,357,044 

2,451,033 

Conn 

160,037 

10,380 

2,003 

197,426 

370,048 

N.C 

197,481 

16,743 

3,833 

251,644 

469,701 

Del 

22,122 

1,439 

416 

30,033 

54,001 

N.  D 

63,903 

5,086 

1,177 

85,728 

157,954 

D.  of  Col . . 

32,372 

2,622 

610 

52,751 

88,355 

Olilo 

554,709 

43,540 

8,946 

762,741 

1,369,936 

Fla 

83,226 

7,380 

1,251 

111,058 

202,915 

Okla 

170,956 

16,315 

3,407 

238,748 

429,426 

Ga 

232,537 

16,71,5 

3,691 

285,475 

538,418 

Ore 

63,319 

4,701 

947 

106,883 

175,850 

Idaho 

41,600 

2,788 

603 

58,169 

103,168 

Pa 

815,973 

63,237 

13,692 

1,149,322 

2,042,224 

Ill 

645,037 

44,842 

9,696 

852,131 

1,551,706 

R.I 

53,589 

3,849 

785 

73,503 

131,726 

Ind 

255.754 

20.093 

4,140 

350,852 

630,839 

S.  C 

128,019 

10,776 

2,532 

157,877 

299,204 

Iowa 

215,939 

18,032 

3,737 

280,303 

518,011 

S.  D 

57,899 

5,197 

1,087 

.      78,471 

142,654 

Kan 

150,347 

13,122 

2,646 

210,924 

377,039 

Tenn 

188,946 

18,153 

3,810 

257,609 

468,518 

Ky 

190,629 

18,626 

3,773 

267,905 

480,933 

Texas 

409,743 

34,256 

7,334 

521,474 

972,807 

La 

159,475 

13,819 

2,699 

209.129 

385.122 

Utah 

44,158 

3,051 

630 

53,224 

101,063 

Maine 

60,593 

5,207 

1,106 

87,687 

154,593 

Vt 

27,244 

2,354 

531 

40,887 

71,016 

Md 

121,593 
362,825 

10,428 
24,909 

2,188 
5,269 

177,098 
475,020 

311,312 
868,023 

Va 

181,526 
110,167 

15,788 
7,703 

3,335 
1,688 

251,053 
192,573 

451,702 

Mass 

Wash 

312,133 

Mich 

374,317 

25,799 

5,178 

452,771 

858,065 

W.  Va 

125,846 

11,.522 

2,583 

179,085 

319,036 

Minn 

222,698 

21,029 

3,747 

286,243 

533,717 

Wis 

244,884 

20,599 

4,301 

308,871 

578,655 

Miss 

139,321 

12,071 

2,660 

185,105 

339,137 

Wyo 

22,890 

1,831 

285 

34,357 

59,369 

Mo 

297,455 

2B,G03 

5,341 

421,056 

749,461 

Statistics  of  1917  Draft. 


605 


ALIENS  BY  STATES  IN  1917  DRAFT. 


Totals. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut.  .  . 

Delaware 

Din.  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idabo 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts. 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mis-sissippi .... 
Missouri 


Allied 
Aliens. 


772,744 

975 

1,882 

274 

41,148 

4,838 

45,988 

2,454 

1,361 

3,118 

810 

1,963 

57,482 

7.123 

4,500 

1,842 

5.54 

1,849 

9,535 

5,398 

86.860 

41,951 

9.975 

313 

5.816 


Neutral 
Aliens, 


148,274 

100 

12,117 

41 

17,823 

2,663 

2,632 

152 

171 

1,591 

65 

1,585 

9,403 

600 

4,280 

3,398 

55 

818 

414 

812 

4,264 

3,049 

8,381 

49 

1 ,442 


Enemy 
Aliens. 


40,663 

48 

S7 

74 

1,559 

280 

71S 

58 

49 

89 

52 

103 

4,281 

53S 

1,295 

332 

74 

166 

18 

614 

803 

2,028 

1,138 

■    19 

594 


Allied 
Aliens. 


2a2,120 

130 

978 

93 

4,430 

1,571 

9,258 

282 

98 

170 

162 

491 

28,233 

5,447 

1,512 

882 

183 

327 

350 

666 

13.463 

16,899 

5,548 

104 

1,755 


State. 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico. . . . 

New  York 

North  Carolina.. 
North  Dakota.. . 

Ohio 

Olslahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania .  .  . 
Rhode  Island .  .  . 
South  Carolina. . 
South  Dakota. . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia. . . 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Allied 

Neutral 

Enemy 

Aliens. 

Alietis. 

Aliens. 

6,941 

2,043 

307 

1,855 

1.007 

.    .698 

2.687 

703 

61 

8,123 

215 

.89 

48,539 

4,319 

3,647 

718 

3,288 

60 

170,254 

16,529 

10,309 

320 

44 

22 

3,197 

2,939 

457 

34,927 

1,773 

2,363 

843 

1,522 

97 

3,075 

1,312 

^85 

98,2;>4 

5,568 

3,002 

12,1 -il 

435 

65 

T.Vi 

46 

31 

804 

1,096 

314 

794 

73 

44 

2,520 

19,849 

732 

4,641 

1,028 

69 

2,946 

304 

39 

1,536 

290 

97 

10,778 

4,210 

433 

6,965 

450 

171 

9,665 

2,798 

2,184 

1,413 

62S 

70 

Allied 
Aliens. 

2,489 

1,348 

589 

1.068 

20.464 

292 

42,241 

104 

040 

31,655 

337 

883 

69,280 

2,087 

123 

335 

78 

1,270 

784 

321 

403 

1,803 

3,484 

0,.58O 

830 


Enemy  alien  columns  do  not  include  Austro-Hungarians. 

OTHER  DETAILS  OF  THE  DRAFT  OF  1917. 


State. 

Gross 
Quota. 

Enlist- 
ment 
Cr'dits 

Total 
Enlist- 
ments 

Net 
Quota . 

Total 
Regis- 
trants. 

Total 
C'ld.for 
Exam. 

Total 
Ac- 
cepted. 

Ratio 

to 
Called. 

Col'rd 
Regis 
trants. 

Col'rd 
Called. 

Col'rd 
Ac- 
cepted 

Totals 

1,152,985 
21,300 

4.478 
17,452 
34,907 

9,797 
18,817 

2,569 

3,796 
10,129 
27,209 

4,833 
79,094 
29,971 
25,465 
17,795 
22,152 
18,431 

7.076 
14,139 
43,109 
43,936 
26,021 
l(j,429 
33,461 
10,423 
13,900 

1,433 

4,419 
35,623 

3,856 
122,424 
23,436 

7,737 
66,474 
19,943 

7,387 
98,277 

6,277 
15,14? 

6,854 
22,158 
48,116 

4,945 

3,243 
21,354 
12,768 
14,8^8 
28,199 

2,683 
710 

2,403 
13,480 

465,985 

7,651 

998 

7,155 

11,786 
5,027 
7,807 
1,363 
2,860 
3,786 
8,825 
2,538 

27,304 

12,409 

12,672 

11,325 
7,878 
4,867 
5,243 
7,018 

22,448 

13,569 
8,198 
5, GOO 

16,740 
2,533 
5,691 
382 
3,207 

14,896 
1,557 

52,971 
7,471 
2,452 

27,586 
4,344 
6,657 

37,248 
4,055 
5,040 
4,125 
7,592 

17,488 
2,566 
2,188 
7,522 
5,450 
5,721 

15,274 

1,868 

13 

4,397 

624 

732,687 

10,831 

1,693 

9,204 

24,379 

8,704 

11,696 

1,970 

4,130 

5,858 

13,472 

4,017 

45,364 

22,360 

19,994 

14,377 

11,394 

7,873 

7,177 

10,992 

36,296 

23,686 

17,273 

6,783 

28,191 

6,425 

11,193 

855 

4,165 

20,902 

2,207 

81,595 

9,241 

3,794 

41,971 

8,959 

11,660 

63,621 

5,998 

6,267 

5,627 

11,899 

28,176 

5,562 

2,794 

9,883 

13,097 

7,848 

18,456 

2,578 

687,000 
13,612 

3,472 
10,267 
23,060 

4,753 
10,977 

1.202 
929 

6,335 
18,337 

2,287 
51,653 
17,510 
12,749 

6,439 
14,236 
13,582 

1,821 

7,096 
20,586 
30,291 
17.778 
10,801 
18,660 

7,872 

8,185 

1,031 

1,204 
20.665 

2,292 
69,241 
15,974 

5,272 

38,773 

15,564 

717 

60,859 

2,211 
10,081 

2,717 
14.528 
30,545 

2,370 

1,049 
13,795 

7,296 

9,101 

12,876 

810 

696 

0 

12.833 

9,586,508 
182,499 

37,355 
149,097 
298,989 

84,125 
160,037 

22,122 

32,372 

83,226 
232,537 

41,606 
645,037 
255,754 
215,939 
150,347 
190,629 
159,475 

60,593 
121,598 
362,825 
374,317 
222,698 
139,321 
297,456 

88,299 
118,278 

12,090 

37,519 
304,208 

33,497 

1,009,345 

197,481 

65,963 
554,709 
170,956 

63,319 
815,973 

53,589 
128,019 

57,899 
188,946 
409,743 

44,158 

27,244 
181,526 
110,167 
125,846 
244,884 

22.896 

3,082,949 

52,385 

22,113 

45,271 

135,387 

24,547 

70,176 

7,466 

4,163 

25,317 

71,071 

9,307 

229,345 

76,424 

43.249 

24,742 

60,294 

39,744 

9,604 

33,659 

120,207 

135,341 

63,187 

31,205 

81,183 

28,441 

28,573 

5,474 

6,740 

113,057 

10,491 

369,076 

63,599 

19,591 

201,090 

63,810 

2,890 

302,541 

12,191 

39,049 

8,602 

54,827 

139,929 

12,416 

5,616 

47,032 

36,697 

32,748 

60,149 

2,733 

1,057.363 

18.794 

6,188 

11,695 

44,155 

7,824 

20,249 

998 

952 

11,342 

27,408 

3,250 

85,651 

26,060 

12,129 

9,494 

21,925 

19,743 

2,901 

11,654 

33,710 

44,516 

24,189 

15,201 

19,493 

13,236 

8,764 

2,103 

2,012 

34,185 

4,234 

99,787 

15,846 

8,234 

62,037 

25,026 

1,400 

101,626 

3,044 

14,804 

3,736 

15,909 

50,108 

4,239 

1,414 

18,388 

11,095 

12,684 

19,820 

1,367 

34.30 
35.88 
27.98 
25.83 
32.01 
31.87 
28.84 
13.37 
22.87 
44.80 
38.56 
34.92 
37.35 
34.10 
28.04 
38.37 
36.36 
49.68 
39.21 
34.62 
28.04 
32.89 
38.28 
48.71 
24.01 
46.54 
30.67 
.38.42 
29.83 
30.21 
40.36 
27.04 
24.91 
42.03 
30.85 
39.22 
48.44 
33.59 
24.97 
37.91 
43.43 
29.02 
35.81 

737,626 

87,225 

273 

7,143 

2,538 

694 

3,170 

3,373 

9,673 

27,697 

92,964 

968 

21,373 

10,187 

1,839 

4,594 

19,198 

60,873 

lOi 

19,413 

3,04) 

5,580 

3,687 

33,233 

9,647 

398 

4,49D 

3J 

BO 

10,979 

155 

16,390 

19,502 

267 

39,398 

10,299 

322 

36,341 

1,099 

59,126 

115 

34,069 

70,249 

208,953 

10,291 

151 

2.814 

1,160 

228 

1.679 

1,126 

1,118 

8,249 

25,754 

36S 

7,136 

2,813 

274 

655 

4.953 

12,043 

9 

5,093 

947 

2,150 

2,334 

6,219 

1.870 

130 

761 

12 

9 

3,526 

31 

5,196 

6,367 

214 

12,376 

3.5ie 

1 

14,558 

232 

18i446 

27 

7,940 

20.492 

69 

12,720 

131 

2,928 

89 

36 

75,697 
3,174 

72 

Arlcansia    .         

1,587 

428 

116 

Connecticut 

920 

Delaware 

37S 

District  of  Columbia . 

539 
2,145 

7,244 

123 

Illinois 

2,812 

1,004 

Iowa         

134 

Kansas         

294 

iCentuckv 

1,709 

5,236 

1 

2,088 

MaBsachusetts 

Michigan 

170 

987 

Minnesota 

169 

MiSSiSSlDDl 

2,462 

893 

67 

383 

Nevada. ...    

New  Hampshire 

'iievf  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York        .... 

16 
4 

1,289 

10 

1,951 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

1,568 

197 

5,064 

1,680 

Oregon 

0 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

5,861 
82 

4,875 
13 

2,866 

7,838 

tJtah ... 

31.14'    •      300 

2o.  is;        50 

-39.10!     53,080 
30.071         394 

34 

Vermont 

Virginia ,  .            ... 

5,756 

Washington 

64 

West  Virginia 

38.73 
32.95 
.50.02 

11,186 
449 
175 

1,348 
37 

20 

Alaska 

Porto  Rico 

::::::.! 

i ,  .  .     . 

606 


Statistics  of  1917  Draft. 


DETAILS  OF  THE  1917  DRAFT  (CONTINUED.) 


State. 


Totals 

Alabama 

Arizona.....' 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Dlst.  of  Columbia. . 

Florida 

Georgia 

Idabo 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa. 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebreslia 

Nevada 

New  Hampehlrc .  . . 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolliw .  . . . 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total 
Ebcam. 
Ph'Boly. 


2,610,706 
4T.867 
12,356 
4l,i>57 
95,647 
21,089 
29.002 

0,258 

3,697 
20,505 
65,946 

8,317 
187,535 
70,948 
40,961 
23,555 
60,231 
33.385 

8,511 
30,922 
83,796 
123.161 
55,460 
29,117 
76,040 
24,092 
20.377 

3,737 

5,073 
90,710 

8.808 

322,082 

59,879 

17,605 

167.828 

58,896 

2,632 
161.323 

9.379 
a5,68l 

8,296 

51,887 

119,779 

9.947 

5.141 
43.243 
29.823 
19.457 
45.838 

2.350 


Physi- 
cally 
Qual'fd 


1,779,950 
36,369 

9,352 
29,777 
70,614 
15,174 
15,575 

4.155 

2,668 
14.839 
46,394 

6,522 
139,091 
51,931 
31,875 
18,189 
41,345 
26,787 

4,888 
21,667 
54,067 
90,409 
42,109 
21,315 
55,655 
18,601 
21,063 

2,607 

3,110 
62,650 

6.287 

223,754 

42,048 

13.654 

124,057 

45,920 

1,947 
86,029 

6,309 
25,681 

6,294 
36,875 
91,312 

7,482 

2,888 
30,794 
22,155 
12,262 
33,660 

1,844 


Physi- 
cally 
Unfit. 


730.756 

11,498 

3.004 

11,780 

25,033 

5,915 

13,427 

2,103 

1,029 

5,666 

19,552 

1,795 

48,444 

19,017 

9; 

5,366 

18,886 

II,""' 

3,623 

9.255 

29,729 

32,752 

13,341 

7,802 

20,385 

5.491 

5,314 

1,130 

1,963 

28,060 

2,521 

98,328 

17,831 

3,951 

43,771 

12,976 

675 

75,294 

3,070 

10,100 

2,002 

15,012 

28,467 

2,465 

2,253 

12,449 

7,608 

7,195 

12,178 

506 


Claims 
Filed. 


1,419.678 
25.883 

9,542 
20,866 
66,691) 
11,373 
32,931 

3,570 

2,094 

9,954 
32.743 

4,227 
115,292 
35,455 
19,125 
12,012 
31,577 
14,238 

3,629 
15,257 
55,636 
59,839 
26.652 
13,237 
38,808 

9,466 
12. 

2,113 

2,946 
61,562 

4,107 

171,367 

29.488 

8,459 
95,395 
31,20J 

1,029 
131,963 

6,047 
17,790 

3,559 
25,026 
67,769 

6,287 

1,953 
21,411 
16,686 
14,444 
25,050 

1,043 


Claims 
Grant'd 


1,161,206 

18,138 

8,526 

14,746 

56,593 

9,729 

29,630 

3,098 

1,465 

7,453 

24,506 

3,407 

97,966 

28,544 

13,905 

9,235 

26,052 

9,682 

2,613 

12.396 

46,805 

51,602 

21,741 

.7.904 

30,510 

7,612 

9,731 

1,717 

2,312 

45,068 

2,947 

143,243 

21.502 

5,953 

83,955 

23,386 

737 

114,288 

5,396 

12,157 

2.732 

17,646 

55.253 

5,329 

1,469 

15,281 

13,569 

11,750 

21,127 

797 


Total»jTotal 
Married  Mar'd 


Called. 


1,500,056 
31,119 

8,798 
27.664 
55,888 
11,763 
29,696 

3,602 

1,982 
13.071 
42,375 

3,958 
107,833 
41,905 
20,444 
11,992 
34,83' 
20,636 

4,589 
17,367 
61,500 
65,386 
23.0.56 
17,560 
43,403 

9,525 
13,393 

1,626 

3,094 
65,092 

5,395 
163,016 
35,682 

6,916 

101,242 

36,502 

1,104 
148,734 

5,578 
22,812 

3,528 
32,236 
76,857 

5,603 

2,699 
23,700 
14,651 
16,908 
23,850 
884 


Acptd 


163,115 
4,731 
1,682 
5,752 
3,501 
1,282 
2,633 

177 

367 
1,711 
5,320 

228 
11,247 
4,.""" 
1,680 
1,432 
4.355 
4,462 

705 
1,453 
3,704 
6,840 
1,341 
4.192 
3,801 
1,464 

943 

148 

400 
4,854 

835 
11,729 
4,298 

298 

10.490 

5,726 

112 
17,184 

353 
3,221 

278 
4,971 
9,950 

562 

230 
3,852 

70S 
2,4-17 

914 

170 


Tl.md 
ReJ  lor 
Dpdcy 


748,r62 
15,298 

2,938 
12,601 
27,987 

5,773 
10,132 

1,898 
755 

5,186 
21,443 

2,341 
59,409 
23,367 
11.393 

7,180 
22,123 

7,985 

1,711 

9,076 
13,300 
37,910 
13,380 

6,788 
23,414 

5,117 

7„^2I) 

464 

983 

24,299 

1,956 
75,419 
17,458 

3,924 

54,420 

20,007 

516 

73,121 

1,758 
10,566 

2.170 
15,113 
38,999 

3,382 

916 

12,180 

7,807 

8,69? 
13, i:^^ 

42b 


Total 

Alien 

Regists 


1,243,801 
1,253 

16,064 
482 

64,960 
9,352 

58,596 
2,946 
1,679 
4,968 
1,089 
4,142 

99,399 

13.608 

11,593 

6,454 

866 

3,160 

10,317 

7,490 

105,390 

63,927 

25,042 

485 

9,637 

11,780 
4,908 
4,040 
9,495 

76,969 

4.358 

239,333 

490 

7,533 

70,718 

2,799 

6.155 

176,054 

14,708 

433 

2,549 

989 

24,371 
6.522 
3.610 
2,336 

17,22! 

11,070 

20,527 
2,941 


Aliens 
Called. 


457,713 

282 

9,047 

121 

27,763 

2,893 

27,543 

1,043 

201 

2,135 

196 

1,035 

38.712 

2,677 

1,952 

838 

225 

803 

1,401 

1,372 

36,970 

23,355 

7,891 

89 

2,263 

4,392 

1,307 

1,800 

1,628 

29,729 

1,230 

89,678 

107 

2,192 

31,510 

1,112 

282 

68,389 

3,595 

141 

340 

154 

10,728 

2,228 

782 

420 

5,733 

3.253 

6,66o 

521 


Aliens 
Cer- 
tified. 


76,545 

51 

2,333 

16 

4,150 

311 

2,626 

64 

25 

342 

21 

217 

7,097 

692 

231 

117 

28 

61 

297 

204 

4,201 

5,654 

946 

14 

426 

1.574 

231 

,       276 

214 

4,374 

108 

12,8"8 

12 

397 

6,132 

174 

61 

14,523 

252 

12 

80 

18 

2,263 

390 

105 

82 

808 

543 

853 

71 


COST   OF   THE    1917    DRAFT,    BY   STATES. 


States. 


Unit.  States 


Ala 

Ariz 

Ark 

Cal 

Col 

Conn 

Delaware. . 
D.  of  Col.. 

Fla 

Ga 

Idaho 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa 

Kan 

Ky.  (cst'd). 

La 

Maine 

Md 

Mass 

Mich...... 

Minn 

Miss.  . .. . . 

Mo 


Cost 

Cost 

FEB  Man —    11 

Total 
Cost. 

Per 

Regis- 

Ac- 

Quota 

trant  . 

Called 

cepted 

Due. 

$5,211,965 

SO.  54 

$1.69 

S4.93 

$7.59 

133,860 

.73 

2.56 

7.12 

9.83 

26,160 

.70 

1.X8 

4.22 

7.53 

77.927 

.52 

1.72 

6.72 

7.59 

194,799 

.65 

1.44 

4.41 

8.45 

45.211 

.54 

1.84 

5.78 

9.51 

48.470 

.30 

.69 

2.39 

4.41 

19,062 

.86 

2.55 

19.00 

15.86 

8,588 

.27 

2.06 

9.02 

9.24 

42.694 

.51 

1.69 

3.76 

6.75 

147.054 

.63 

2.07 

7.83 

8.02 

9.290 

.22 

1.00 

2  85 

4.06 

354,439 

.55 

1.55 

4.13 

6.86 

93.265 

.26 

1.22 

3  57 

5.32 

55,556 

.26 

1.28 

4.58 

4.36 

31,963 

.21 

1.27 

3.36 

4.96 

100.000 

.52 

1.82 

4.56 

7.02 

53,574 

.34 

1.35 

2.71 

3.94 

32,427 

.54 

3.38 

11.18 

17.81 

81,800 

.67 

2.43 

7.02 

11.53 

205,284 

.50 

1.71 

6.08 

9.97 

287,863 

.77 

2.13 

6.36 

9.50 

96.800 

.43 

1.53 

4.00 

5.44 

55,660 

.40 

1.78 

3.66 

5.15 

101,792 

.54 

1.99 

8.30 

8.67 

States. 


Mont.  ... 

Neb 

Nev 

N.  H 

N.  J.  (est) 

N.  M 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  D 

Ohio 

Okla 

Ore 

Pa 

R.  I 

S.  C 

S.  D 

Tenn 

Texas .... 

Utah 

Vermont. . 

Va 

Waah 

W.  Va.... 

Wis 

Wyo 


Total 
Cost. 


S49,914 
42,335 
12,503 
14,581 
95,000 
26,428 

803.234 

134,542 
15,094 

280,148 

39,475 

6,809 

440,239 
39,860 
61,968 
17,023 

142.312 

194,320 
16,321 
18,657 

116,530 
76,268 
61,740 

134,948 
8,154 


Cost 

Per 
Regis- 
trant. 


80.57 
.36 


03 
39 
.31 
.79 
.80 
.68 
.23 
.50 
.23 
.11 
.54 
.74 
.48 
.29 
.75 
.47 
.37 
.68 
.64 
.69 
.49 
.55 
.36 


Cost  Per  Man- 


Ac-    Quota 
Called  cepted    Due. 


SI. 71 
1.76 
2.28 
2.16 

.84 
2.51 
2.09 
2.12 

.77 
1.39 

.62 
2.35 
1.46 
3.26 
1.58 
1.98 
2.59 
1.39 
1.31 
3.32 
2.47 
2.07 
1.89 
2.24 
2.98 


S3. 77 
4.83 
5.94 
7.24 
2.77 
6.24 
8.04 
8.49 


13.09 
4.18 
4.56 
8.94 
3.88 
3.85 

13.18 
6.33 
6.87 
3.87 
6.80 
5.96 


$6.34 
5.17 

11.90 

12.11 
4.60 

11.53 

11.60 
8.42 
2.86 
7.22 
2.53 
9.50 
7.23 

18.02 
6.15 
6.27 
9.80 
6.3S 
6.89 

17.79 
8.45 

10.45 
6.78 

10.48 

10.07 


In  Idaho  there  was  no  estimate  of  outstanding  expenditures, 
the  Slate. 


In  Nevada  the  expense  was  borne  by 


Srijc  Secontr  Bvaft  Kumibcus,  1918, 


607 


THE  Second  Registration  occuiTed  June  6, 

1918,  under  a  Resolution  signed  by  the  President.  May  20. 

1918.  It  applied  to  men  who  had  attained  twenty-one  since  tHe  First  Registration,  ol  June  5. 

1917,  and  who 

numbered 

744,865 

The 

ottery 

(vas  held  at  Washington,  June  27,  1918. 

Col.  1 

Col.  2 

Col.  3 

3ol.  4  < 

:;ol.  5  ( 

Jol.  6  1 

3ol.  7 

3ol.  8 

Col.  9 

Col.  10 

Col.  11 

Col.  12 

Col.  13 

Col.  14 

246 

177 

906 

567 

603 

909 

758 

633 

798 

343 

627 

180 

1121 

1178 

1168 

923 

61 

372 

501 

1098 

263 

903 

386 

497 

746 

866 

953 

550 

818 

747 

596 

198 

81 

49 

243 

754  ' 

336 

653 

1063 

1068 

523 

870 

1091 

199 

234 

442 

649 

695 

227 

351 

612 

696 

1088 

839 

146 

915 

479 

269 

91 

137 

966 

546 

8 

1021 

19 

164 

96 

708 

852 

.  683 

469 

4 

743 

545 

1040 

1037 

107 

621 

459 

899 

272 

699 

1124 

476 

492 

753 

405 

776 

338 

979 

1109 

559 

230 

983 

989 

394 

9 

526 

154 

778 

1162 

626 

173 

704 

713 

959 

998 

1044 

1144 

286 

331 

174 

529 

306 

51 

297 

424 

1179 

608 

517 

1058 

907 

837 

954 

20 

525' 

355 

320 

348 

1118 

489 

942 

392 

868 

196 

733 

876 

1055 

601 

341 

580 

822 

244 

267 

189 

857 

553 

284 

494 

872 

124 

75 

551 

1030 

740 

239 

63 

694 

604 

432 

93 

565 

318 

1074 

845 

672 

1081 

933 

10 

859 

1198 

193 

266 

547 

760 

654 

1046 

973 

524 

1102 

1150 

499 

599 

130 

231 

155 

443 

25 

658 

804 

185 

292 

934 

282 

600 

373 

29 

500 

703 

999 

643 

452 

911 

7 

1062 

181 

490 

1000 

556 

711 

210 

229 

613 

543 

481 

1043 

426 

27 

796 

422 

780 

1101 

327 

606 

445 

1016 

1173 

823 

278 

480 

904 

474 

562 

1156 

314 

1161 

720 

987 

305 

851 

335 

1152 

581 

707 

791 

929 

669 

1061 

593 

874 

1017 

598 

259 

1093 

41 

216 

815 

288 

99 

541 

842 

1148 

256 

'  938 

3^4 

345 

1007 

1133 

974 

240 

682 

316 

402 

251 

383 

382 

1094 

1047 

220 

390 

1153 

397 

875 

992 

184 

991 

628 

1057 

698 

667 

1079 

1006 

255 

889 

410 

465 

317 

1146 

438 

253 

841 

916 

680 

586 

53 

888 

242 

1008 

298 

1128 

1051 

1083 

344 

657 

190 

665 

439 

140 

43 

854 

591 

738 

361 

1181 

446 

158 

958 

540 

131 

640 

722 

835 

142 

803 

863 

408 

17 

809 

274 

985 

636 

58 

1127 

1038 

1180 

222 

84G 

563 

951 

1019 

328 

319 

84 

864 

935 

847 

123 

1036 

635 

467 

1141 

50 

560 

968 

370 

70 

902 

865 

1137 

277 

631 

415 

339 

1099 

538 

908 

100 

1119 

74 

1069 

833 

518 

264 

12 

1191 

163 

990 

1085 

391 

891 

849 

544 

961 

575 

367 

1128 

789 

435 

186 

1024 

922 

128 

106 

484 

486 

982 

836 

108 

637 

638 

745 

802 

347 

576 

59 

1142 

1020 

1075 

910 

1013 

618 

840 

32 

270 

88 

34 

739 

726 

505 

1176 

374 

324 

115 

425 

136 

357 

66 

11 

1028 

616 

300 

897 

531 

217 

1065 

47 

877 

502 

9G9 

•  860 

16 

1130 

188 

349 

900 

702 

506 

1027 

359 

674 

399 

1140 

1001 

414 

299 

880 

797 

448 

629 

1015 

37 

3?1 

248 

1166 

291 

931 

322 

579 

203 

552 

537 

433 

1011 

258 

1136 

495 

134 

126 

403 

1182 

1195 

589 

218 

927 

1072 

856 

451 

1158 

487 

1018 

765 

1132 

892 

641 

145 

1125 

1112 

69 

607 

677 

1189 

233 

735 

782 

1003 

732 

326 

121 

737 

466 

718 

241 

578 

504 

431 

558 

364 

1009 

358. 

1002 

634 

901 

664 

792 

548 

464 

434 

554 

204 

262 

1184 

1157 

3i0 

85 

650 

444 

470 

1107 

315 

385 

192 

453 

503 

853 

36 

844 

80 

60 

409 

725 

482 

719 

984 

1084 

450 

661 

963 

179 

1066 

533 

715 

783 

827 

774 

777 

820 

574 

766 

701 

228 

871 

1 

68 

455 

532 

129 

879 

221 

1154 

308 

957 

35 

245 

293 

587 

52 

534 

197 

509 

1149 

441 

705 

1194 

302 

1090 

644 

418 

717 

120 

1170 

741 

103 

508 

799 

496 

162 

988 

401 

191 

113 

685 

149 

615 

920 

861 

79 

201 

639 

848 

806 

207 

1120 

153 

630 

978 

1045 

194 

1110 

884 

771 

955 

273 

611 

810 

617 

28 

82 

976 

224 

590 

150 

6 

1041 

511 

127 

724 

583 

132 

767 

1089 

530 

655 

493 

420 

1  n-.o 

S5S 

949 

485 

101 

659 

354 

1123 

692 

881 

995 

676 

898 

830 

781 

1052 

295 

15 

744 

323 

997 

488 

1117 

89 

1187 

513 

1155 

430 

94 

1070 

784 

1131 

1113 

395 

994 

981 

1078 

1147 

427 

869 

1095 

368 

148 

312 

1023 

1192 

475 

205 

376 

941 

652 

454 

238 

1034 

727 

584 

260 

381 

85 

1134 

159 

821 

109 

788 

1196 

161 

147 

1183 

1151 

914 

577 

456 

755 

625 

380 

375 

996 

960 

817 

691 

622 

398 

114 

930 

773 

403 

195 

1106 

731 

1186 

878 

449 

1071 

037 

762 

62 

257 

1077 

265 

219 

417 

1139 

1177 

1143 

249 

413 

377 

787 

980 

1014 

39 

1080 

1033 

24 

975 

943 

483 

757 

281 

894 

447 

1067 

801 

1188 

855 

663 

156 

597 

592 

945 

965 

183 

261 

118 

1012 

807 

1048 

303 

346 

112 

970 

917 

686 

369 

700 

1010 

215 

681 

712 

867 

419 

337 

648 

510 

407 

14 

716 

141 

170 

528 

814 

271 

555 

793 

55 

895 

1145 

812 

67 

1193 

926 

26 

971 

831 

950 

97 

1174 

800 

33 

666 

940 

939 

1026 

595 

428 

110 

582 

73 

5 

326 

1111 

90 

56 

964 

30 

948 

1165 

1096 

838 

211 

144 

1171 

290 

721 

-  226 

294 

862 

1163 

977 

828 

956 

165 

329 

748 

23 

993 

1103 

332 

57 

522 

285 

709 

925 

423 

786 

763 

1005 

1004 

749 

536 

363 

236 

885 

65 

535 

843 

498 

687 

706 

602 

172 

772 

350 

311 

463 

645 

76 

752 

639 

728 

119 

2 

1082 

710 

161 

967 

473 

1031 

873 

1054 

1115 

1169 

1042 

1122 

280 

947 

808 

610 

350 

736 

832 

378 

919 

379 

330 

411 

102 

18 

1022 

1175 

811 

237 

1108 

729 

■  883 

421 

283 

389 

507 

519 

714 

1105 

880 

768 

770 

471 

83 

805 

573 

167 

1039 
166 

834 

1164 

125 

429 

819 

296 

588 

289 

366 

566 

794 

614 

169 

850 

268 

1035 

816 

143 

952 

1197 

1159 

1002 

1097 

539 

250 

1129 

779 

619 

78 

365 

688 

462 

734 

247 

40 

416 

905 

400 

388 

307 

117 

171 

122 

825 

48 

440 

1167 

202 

913 

520 

387 

104 

569 

675 

1199 

468 

785 

921 

549 

223 

893 

95 

182 

1064 

472 

651 

22 

946 

571 

301 

1160 

829 

206 

1086 

352 

918 

38 

572 

756 

775 

437 

384 

723 

527 

668 

276 

13 

620 

187 

962 

564 

436 

623 

912 

673 

1116 

139 

568 

928 

1190 

254 

521 

1135 

412 

882 

944 

313 

1087 

1185 

•826 

310 

750 

279 

45 

477 

200 

512 

561 

333 

71 

1076 

932 

1053 

759 

609 

152 

657 

72 

353 

1049 

813 

1100 

790 

887 

44 

542 

646 

730 

133 

684 

516 

570 

3 

404 

769 

972 

795 

208 

1172 

986 

.    670 

461 

105 

690 

1200 

135 

1104 

54 

160 

77 

624 

662 

478 

157 

585 

515 

42 

936 

87 

1029 

342 

761 

'98 

46 

693 

671 

no 

31 

214 

111 

213 

225 

742 

275 

321 

594 

362 

1138 

605 

178 

1056 

678 

656 

824 

176 

252 

304 

64 

1032 

360 

309 

1060 

679 

514 

890 

457 

175 

1059 

209 

212 

924 

697 

632 

1114 

647 

896 

138 

642 

21 

491 

393 

1025 

396 

168 

660 

751 

287 

232 

764 

92 

1073 

460 

458 

235 

608 


United  States  Geographic  Board. 


SOLDIERS'    HOMES. 

NATIONAL   HOME   FOR   DISABLED    VOLUNTEER    SOLDIERS.   ■ 

President  of  the  Board  of  Managers Capt.  John  C.  Nelson,  National  Military  Home,  Ohio. 

Secretary Hon.  James  S.  Cathorwood,  Hoopeston,  Illinois. " 

There  are  branches  of  the  National  Home  at  Dayton,  Ohio;  Milwaukee,  \V\s.\  Togus,  Me.;  Hampton, 
Va.;  Leavenworth,  Kan.;  Santa  Monica,  Cal.;  Marlon,  Ind.;  Danville,  111.;  Johnson  City,  Tenn.,  and  Hot 
Springs,  SI  Dak,    The  aggregate  number  of  members  cared  for  is  about  32,000. 

EEQUIRBMENTS   FOR   ADMISSION. 

1.  An  honorable  discharge  from  the  United  States  .service  during  a  war  in  which  it  was  engaged. 

2.  Disability  which  prevents  the  applicant  from  earning  his  living  by  labor. 

3.  Applicants  lor  admission  will  be  required  to  stipulate  and  agree  to  abide  by  all  the  rules  and  regu- 
lations made  by  the  Board  of  Managers^  or  by  its  order;  to  perform  all  duties  required  of  them,  and  to 
obey  all  the  lawful  orders  of  the  officers  of  the  Home.  Attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  by  the  law  estab- 
lishing the  Home  the  members  are  made  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,  and  will  be  governed 
thereby  In  the  same  manner  as  if  they  were  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

4.  A  soldier  or  sailor  must  forward  with  his  application  for  admission  his  Discharge  Paper,  and  when 
he  is  a  pensioner,  his  Pension  Certificate,  which  papers  will  be  retained  at  the  branch  to  which  the  applicant 
is  admitted,  to  be  kept  there  for  him,  and  returned  to  him  when  he  is  discharged.  This  rule  is  adopted 
to  prevent  the  loss  of  such  papers  and  certiilcates,  and  to  hinder  frau4ulent  practices;  and  no  application 
will  be  considered  unless  these  papers  are  sent  with  it.  If  the  original  'discharge  does  not  exist,  a  copy  of 
discharge,  certified  by  the  War  or  Navy  Department,  or  by  the  Adjutant-General  of  the  State,  must  accom- 
pany the  application. 

There  are  State  Homes  for  disabled  volunteer  soldiers  provided  by  the  States  of  California,  Colorado, 
Connecticut,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Minnesota,  Missouri, 
Montana,  Nebraska,  New  Hampshire,  New  Jersey,  New  York,  North  Dalcota,  Ohio,  Oregon,  Pennsylvania, 
Rhode  Island,  South  Dakota,  Vermont,  Washington,  Wisconsin,  and  Wyoming. 

STATE   HOMES   FOR    DISABLED    VOLUNTEER    SOLDIERS. 


States. 


California 

Colorado.-. . . . . 
Connecticut.  . . 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Massachusetts. . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 


Location. 


Yountville. 

Monte  Vista. 

Noroton  Heights 

Boise. 

Quincy. 

Lafayette. 

Marshalltown. 

Fort  Dodge. 

Chelsea. 

Grand  Rapids. 

Minnehaha. 


States. 


Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

N.  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey. . . 


New  York 

North  Dakota. 


Location. 


St.  James. 
Columbus  Falls. 

J  Burkett. 

\  Milford. 
Tilton. 

/  Keamy. 

\  VineU^nd. 

J  Bath. 

\  Oxford. 
Lisbon. 


States. 


Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.  , 
Rhode  Island . 
South  Dakota. 
Vermont 

Washington . . . 

Wisconsin .... 
Wyoming 


Location. 


I  Sandusky. 

\  Madison. 
Roseburg. 
Erie. 
Bristol. 
Hot  Springs. 
Bennington. 

i  Orting. 

1  Retsil. 
Waupaca. 
Buffalo. 


UNITED  STATES  SOLDIERS'   HO.ME  FOR  THE  REGULAR  ARMY. 

The  United  States  Soldiers'  Home  in  the  District  of  Columbia  receives  and  maintains  discharged 
soldiers  of  the  regular  army .  All  soldiers  who  have  served  twenty  years  as  enlisted  men  in  the  army  (In- 
cluding volunteer  service,  if  any),  or  who  have  served  in  any  war,  and  all  soldiers  of  less  than  twenty  years' 
service  who  have  incurred  such  disability,  by  wounds,  disease,  or  injuries  in  the  line  of  duty  wJiile  in  the 
regular  army,  as  unfits  them  for  further  service,  are  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  the  Home. 

Pensions  of  inmates  are  drawn  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  Home  and  held  in  trust  for  the  pensioner,  to 
whom  it  is  paid  in  such  sums  as  the  Governor  of  the  Home  deems  proper  while  he  is  an  inmate  of  the  Home, 
the  balance  being  paid  In  full  when  he  takes  his  discharge  and  leaves  the  Home. 

Inmates  are  subject  to  the  Rules  and  Articles  of  War,  the  same  as  soldiers  in  the  army.  They  are 
comfortably  lodged,  fed,  and  clothed,  and  receive  medical  attendance  and  medicine,  all  without  cost  to 
them.  There  were  (September  27,  1918)  824  resident  soldiers,  133  on  outdoor  relief,  43  in  St.  Elizabeth's 
Hospital,  181  on  furlough,  1  absent  without  leave,  and  106  at  the  United  States  Army  Hospital,  Fort 
Bayard,  N.  M. 

Applicatloas  for  admission  to  the  Home  may  be  addressed  to  the  "Board  of  Commissioners,  U  S. 
Soldiers'  Home,  War  Department,  Washington,  D.  C,"  and  must  give  date  of  enlistment  and  date  of  dis- 
charge, with  letter  of  company  and  number  of  regiment  for  each  and  every  term  of  service,  and  rate  of 
pension,  if  any,  and  must  be  accompanied  by  a  medical  certificate  showing  nature  and  degree  of  disability 
If  any  exists. 

Governor — Lifeut.  Gen.  S.  B.  M.  Young  (retired).  Dcp.  Governor — Major  Parker  W.  West  (retired). 
Secretary-Treasurer — Brig.  Gen.  I.  W.  J.ittell,  Quartermaster  Corps,  U.  S.  A.  Alte-ading-Surgeon — Col. 
W.  B.  Davis  (retired). 

UNITED  STATES  GEOGRAPHIC  BOARD. 

Chairman — Andrew  Braid,  Coa.st  and  Geodetic  Survey,  Department  of  Commerce.  Secretary — Charles 
S.  Sloane,  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Department  of  Commerce.     Headquarters,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Frank  Bond,  General  Land  Office,  Department  of 

the  Interior. 
Lieut.   Col.  Marlborough  Churchill,   General  Staff 

War  Department. 
Goodwin  D.  Ellswortb,  Post-Offlce  Department. 
David  M.  Hildreth,  Post-OfBce  Department. 
J.  N.  B.  Hewitt,  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology 

Smithsonian  Institution. 
Lieut.  Col.  Robert  B.  Marshall,  Geological  Survey, 

Department  of  the  Interior. 
William  McNeir.'Bureau  of  Accounts,  Dept.  of  State'. 


C.  Hart  Merriam,  IDepartment  of  Agriculture. 

John  S.  Mill?,  Department  of  the  Treasury. 

James  E.  Payne,  Government  Printing  Office. 

George  R.  Putnam,  Bureau  of  Lighthouses,  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce. 

E.  A.  Sherman,  United  States  Forest  Service,  De- 
partment of  Agriculture. 

Rear  Admiral  Seaton  Schroeder,  Hydrographer,  De- 
partment of  the  Navy. 

Charles  W.  Stewart,  Library  and  Naval  War  Records 
Office.  Department  of  the  Navy. 


By  executive  order  of  August  10,  1906,  the  official  title  of  the  United  States  Board  on  Geographic 
Names  was  changed  to  United  States  Geographic  Board,  and  its  duties  enlarged.  The  board  passes  on  all 
unsettled  questions  concerning  geographic  names  which  arise  in  the  departments,  aa  well  as  determines, 
changes,  and  fixes  place  nam^s  within  the  United  States  and  its  insular  possessions,  and  all  names  here- 
after suggested  by  any  officer  of  the  Government  shall  be  referred  to  the  board  before  publication.  The 
decisions  of  the  board  are  to  be  accepted  by  all  the  departments  of  the  Government  as  standard  authoritv. 
Advisory  powers  were  granted  the  board  concerning  the  preparation  of  maps  compiled,  or  to  be  complied. 
In  the  various  offices  and  bureaus  of  the  Government,  with  a  special  view  to  the  avoidance  of  unnecessary 
fluplication  of  work;  and  for  the  unification  and  improvement  of  the  scales  of  maps,  of  the  symbols  and 
conventions  used  upon  them,  and  of  the  methods  of  representing  relief.  Hereafter,  all  such  projects  aa  are 
of  importance  sliali  be  submitted  to  this  board  for  advice  before  being  undertaken.  The  board  has  passed 
on  18,000  place  names  since  its  creation,    it  now  averages  2,000  decisions  a  year. 


TVar  Cyclopedia.  609 


(ComiJiled  from  daU  published  by  the  Committee  on  Public  Information  in  its  work  of  the  same  title,  and 
from  other  official  sources.     For  late  happenings  at  places  named,  consult  War  Chronology.) 

Adjutant  General — An  officer  who  keeps  the  records,  orders,  and  correspondence  of  the  Army.  He 
serves  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  War  and  of  the  Chief  of  Staff.  Through  him  and  over  his 
name  instructionfl  and  regulations  of  the  War  Department  are  sent  forward  to  military  officers  and  troops. 
He  is  secretary  and  archivist  to  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Aisne — A  French  river  flowing  through  Soissons,  tributary  to  the  Oise.  The  Germans  occupied  posi- 
tions north  of  the  Aisne  after  their  retreat  from  the  Marne  in  September,  1914,  and  were  forced  back  there 
again  in  August  1918,  this  time  by  the  Americans  and  French,  in  pm-suit  of  the  Crown  P>x'ince's  fleeing  army 

Albania — A  former  province  of  Turkey,  made  an  independent  State  after  the  Balkan  Wars.  Italian 
forces  occupied  the  southern  part  in  1915.  In  January,  1916,  the  Austro-German-Bulgarian  forces,  pro- 
ceeding from  their  conquest  of  Serbia  and  Montenegro,  overran  the  country  as  far  south  as  Avlona,  which 
was  heid  by  the  Italians.  On  June  3.  1917,  the  General  in  charge  of  the  Italian  forces  proclaimed  Albania 
an  independent  country  under  Italian  protection. 

Allies — France  and  Great  Britain  (also  Russia),  bound  together  by  the  pact  of  London,  September  5, 
1917,  against  making  a  separate  peace.    Italy  and  Japan  later  joined  this  alliance. 

Alsace-Lorraine — The  territory  bounded  by  the  Rhine  on  the  east,  the  Vosges  Moimtains  on  the 
west,  Luxemburg  on  the  north,  and  Switzerland  on  the  south.  The  soli  is  fertile  and  Lorraine  is  rich  in  iron 
ore.  The  total  area  is  5,604  square  miles  and  the  population  in  1910  was  1,874,014.  Both  Alsace  and  Lor- 
raine originally  lay  within  the  Holy  Roman  Empire,  but  the  former  was  acquired  by  France  in  Louis  XIV. 's 
time,  and  the  latter  during  the  reign  of  Louis  XV.  After  the  Franco-Prussian  War  Germany  took  the  prov- 
inces and  they  were  erected  into  an  imperial  territory  (Reichsland) ,  directly  subject  to  the  German  Emperor 
and  the  Federal  Council.  A  Constitution  was  granted  in  1911.  Germanizing  of  the  population  has  been 
sought  by  bringing  in  settlers  and  limiting  instruction  In  the  French  language  in  the  public  schools. 

Ambulance  Companies — Used  to  supplement  the  Regular  Army  in  transportation  of  sick  and  wounded 
to  base  hospitals,  and  thence  to  other  hospitals  in  the  home  country.  The  personnel  may  man  ambulance 
trains,  hospital  trains,  ships,  and  other  agencies  for  sick  transport  by  land  and  water,  or  for  the  establishment 
of  emergency  hospitals.  Each  company  consists  of  five  officers  and  eighty-six  men,  and  such  other  per- 
sonnel as  may  be  approved  by  the  Secretary  of  War.  Persons  who  enroll  in  a  Red  Cross  ambulance  company 
agree  to  serve  in  the  Medical  Department  of  the  Army. 

American  Ambulance  Corps — Shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the  war  there  was  organized  in  con- 
nection with  the  American  hospital  at  Neuiliy,  near  Paris,  a  volunteer  fleet  of  motor  ambulances  for  the 
transport  of  wounded  from  the  front,  and  the  first  "section"  soon  expanded  Into  a  corps  which  was  given 
a  definite  place  in  the  French  Army.  The  ambulances  are  manned  chiefly  by  American  college  men,  who 
agree  to  serve  not  less  than  six  months. 

American  Ambulance  Hospital — Organized  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  Europe  by  the  Ameri- 
can colony  in  Paris  and  noused  in  a  college  building  at  Neuiliy,  near  Paris.  It  was,  in  July,  1917,  turned 
over  to  the  Medical  Corps  of  the  United  States  Army  as  Military  Hospital  No.  1. 

Anglo-Japanese  Alliance — Japan  entered  the  war  because  of  a  treaty  with  Great  Britain,  concluded 
in  1902.  The  original  alliance  preceded  the  Russo-Japanese  war.  In  1905  the  alliance  was  further  extended 
to  provide  for  the  defense  of  British  interests  in  ftidia  and  Afghanistan,  while  England  agreed  to  give  Japan 
a  free  hand  In  Korea.  In  1911  it  was  again  modified  by  the  agreement  that  Great  Britain  should  not  be 
bound  to  aid  Japan  against  any  power  with  whom  she  had  a  treaty  of  arbitration — thus  excluding  the 
United  States  as  a  possible  enemy.    The  alliance  has  been  extended  to  1921. 

Anti-aircraft  Guns — These  are  of  various  types,  ranging  from  a  light  machine  gun  up  to  batteries 
of  three-inch  and  six-inch  guns,  for  defense  against  aircraft.  Shrapnel  is  the  most  effective  ammunition. 
Bursting,  it  throws  its  bullets  in  all  directions.  When  these  reach  the  petrol  tanks  or  other  vital  parts  of 
the  machine,  it  falls  and  is  destroyed,  often  burning  in  its  descent.  German  anti-aircraft  guns  on  the  west- 
em  front  have  brought  down  Allied  machines  flying  at  a  height  of  10,000  or  12,000  feet.  Allied  artillery 
of  this  kind  is  equally  effective.  Often  machines  escape  with  the  wings  riddled  with  shrapnel,  but  without 
the  tank  being  punctured  or  the  propelling  or  steering  gear  disabled.  Balloons  are  more  viUnerable  in  that 
they  present  a  larger  surface  to  be  aimed  at.  Observation  balloons  are  attacked  by  flre  bombs  dropped  from 
aeroplauas  overhead  or  by  rockets  and  incendiary  bullets. 

Antweri»— A  Belgian  city  on  the  Scheldt  River.  After  the  fall  of  Brussels  the  Belgian  defense  centred 
about  Antwerp.  Oo  September  28,  1914,  the  Germans  opened  ftre  upon  the  outer  forts.  .On  October  5 
the  Belgian  Army  Uegan  to  withdraw  from  the  city,  and  the  Germans  occupied  it  on  October  9,  1914. 

Army  Corps — The  largest  complete  tactical  and  administrative  unit  in  an  army,  which  is  composed 
of  two  or  more  corps.  The  corps  is  the  appropriate  command  of  a  lieutenant  general.  In  the  United  States 
service  an  army  corps  is  formed  by  combining  two  or  more  divisions,  under  orders  given  by  the  President 
when  he  deems  such  a  formation  necessary.  Such  a  corps  may  consist  of  corps  headquarters,  six  complete 
divisions,  and  special  corps  troops,  including  one  pioneer  regiment  of  infantry,  two  regiments  of  cavalry, 
one  anti-aircraft  machine  gun  battalion,  one  anti-aircraft  artillery  battalion,  one  trench  mortar  battalion, 
one  field  battalion,  signal  corps,  one  telegraph  battalion,  one  aero  wing,  one  regiment  of  engineers,  one  pon- 
toon train,  one  corps  artillery  park,  one  remount  depot,  one  veterinary  hospital,  one  bakery  company,  one 
supply  train,  one  troop  transport  train.  In  addition,  one  artillery  brigade,  one  sanitary  train,  and  one  corps 
engineer  park  may  be  formed  frbm  detachments  from  the  divisional  organizations.-  Its  approximate  strength 
i3  185,000  officers  and  men. 

Army  Organization — There  are  three  principal  fighting  arms  of  the  service — infantry,  field  artil- 
lery and  cavalry.  The  infantry  is  organized  in  regiments  of  ten  companies,  brigades  of  two  regiments  each, 
and  divisions  of  two  brigades  each.  The  divisions  of  the  United  States  Regular  Army  are  numbered  1-25; 
those  of  the  National  Guard,  26-75,  and  those  of  the  National  Army,  76-000.  The  fighting  forces  are  served 
by  the  staff,  whose  principal  divisions  are  quartermaster  corps,  ordnance,  medical  corps,  signal  corps,  en- 
gineer corps.  The  general  staff,  controlling  and  directing  the  whole  establishment,  under  the  President 
and  Secretary  of  War,  has  a  war  college  and  aa  intelligence  bureau. 

Articles  of  War — Rules  enacted  by  Congre.'ss  for  military  discipline  and  punishment  In  the  army, 
corresponding  to  the  annual  mutiny  act  in  Great  Britain.  The  latest  form  of  the  Articles  of  War  will  be 
toimd  in  the  Army  Appropriation  Act  of  1916.     (See  1917  Almanac.) 

Artillery — This  war  differs  from  previous  wars,  in  Increase  In  the  use  of  artillery,  due  to  the  manu- 
facturing resources  of  the  countries  at  war,  which  enable  them  to  produce  great  numbers  of  guns  and  great 
quantities  of  anununition.  A  gun  cannot  be  accurately  aimed  at  an  object  the  exact  location  of  which  la 
unknown.  The  airplane  Is  able  to  bring  back  or  to  signal  back  this  information  sometimes  by  wireless,  so 
that  the  artillery  may  now  be  used  with  great  effect.  The  size  of  the  guns  and  the  force  of  the  explosive 
shells  fired  from  them  have  been  largely  Increased.  Field  artillery  is  the  artillery  which  accompanies  the 
army  in  the  field,  as  distinguished  from  the  coast  artillery,  which  is  permanently  mounted  in  emplacements 
in  the  coast  forts.  Field  artillery  Is  divided  into  light,  horse,  heavy,  and  mountain  artillery.  The  light 
artUlerv  is  armed  with  three-inch  guns,  and  the  majority  of  the  men  are  not  mounted,  while  the  horse  ai^ 
tillerv  usually  accompanies  cavalry  and  the  entire  personnel  is  mounted.    The  heavy  artillery  Is  armed 


610      War  Cyclopedia — Continued. 

with  giins  above  three-Inch  calibre.  Including  six-inch  guns  and  howitzers.    Mountain  artillery  is  carried 
usually  on  pack  mules,  and  is  lor  use  in  difficult  and  mountainous  coimtry. 

The  coast  artillery  is  tor  defensive  use.  Nearly  all  of  the  guns  are  fixed  in  forts,  though  it  is  planned 
to  make  some  of  them  mobile  for  removal  to  unfortified  harbors  and  beaches.  The  modern  scheme  for  de- 
fense of  our  coast  begins  with  the  report  of  the  Endicott  board  in  1886.  There  are  three  principal  districts, 
the  North  Atlantic,  running  from  Maine  to  Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.:  the  South  Atlantic,  from  the  Delaware 
River  to  Texas;  the  Pacific  Coast,  from  San  Diego  up  to  Puget  Sound.  There  are  forts  also  in  the  Pliilip- 
phies.  In  Hawaii,  and  at  Panama.  Under  the  National  Defense  Act  of  June  3.  1916,  for  the  reorganization 
of  the  army  this  branch  of  the  service  called  for  over  30,000  men. 

A-riatlon — A  vast  new  arm  of  milita»r  service  which  has  undergone  a  most  remarkable  development 
during  the  present  war.  The  combined  British  and  French  air  squadrons,  it  was  recently  stated,  have  been 
Increased  since  the  war  began  from  1,700  to  more  than  20,000  machines,  with  a  personnel  of  200,000  men. 
England  did  not  possess  more  than  200  qualified  aviators  at  the  outbreak  of  hostilities.  Aircraft  in  use 
include  airplanes,  the  (Jerman  Zeppelins,  other  dirigibles,  and  the  observation  kite  balloons.  The  Allies 
at  the  beginning  were  surprised  to  see  sausage-shaped  bags  anchored  behind  the  German  lines  at  altitudes 
rpactilng  up  to  5,000  feet.  These  weri>.  in  position  to  report  upon  troop  movements  of  the  enemy  and  to  suide 
the  artillery.  But  the  main  line  of  development  has  been  in  the  manufacture  and  use  ol  airplanes.  These 
are  monoplanes,  biplanes,  and  tripianes.  They  are  of  various  types,  sizes,  and  makes,  designed  for  all  kinclls 
of  uses.  Principally  they  are  for  reconnaissance,  for  direction  of  artillery  fire,  for  scouting  and  chasing,  and 
for  bombardment.  The  reconnaissance  machines  often  carry  cameras,  and  from  them  detailed  photographs 
ol  ground  to  be  attacked  are  made  and  returned  to  headquarters.  They  afterward  direct  the  fire  of  the 
guns.  The  scout  plane  precedes  and  feels  the  way  for  other  planes.  The  chaser  is  to  pursue  the  enerny  and 
to  protect  aerial  movements.  The  planes  for  bombardment  of  enemy  positions  or  troop  masses  (-arry 
bombs.  All  war  planes  are  armed,  the  principal  reliance  being  upon  machine  guns,  with  which  to  wound 
and  precipitate  enemy  machines  to  the  earth.  Some  of  the  chasers  are  built  to  fly  at  the  rate  of  ISO  miles 
an  hour.  One  has  risen  to  a  height  of  15,000  feet  in  seven  and  one-half  minutes.  In  battles  on  the  west 
front,  as  at  Messines  Ridge,  there  have  been  first,  near  the  earth,  a  squadron  of  fighting  planes,  armed  witii 
guns  for  attacking  troops  in  the  trenches,  transports,  etc.;  at  a  height  of  3,000  to  5,000  feet  a  division  cf  mar- 
chines  for  dropping  bombs  into  the  enemy  lines;  and  above,  at  a  height  of  15,000  or  20,000  feet,  fast  one-m»n 
machines  for  engaging  planes  sent  out  by  the»enemy  to  attack  the  bombers  from  overhead. 

Barbed-wire  Entanglements — Made  of  wire  with  protruding  points,  run  back  and  forth  over  ground 
to  be  defended.    The  wire  is  sometimes  electrified. 

Barrage — A  new  word  in  the  military  vocabulary — specifically,  the  act  of  barring  by  artillery  fire. 
By  exact  measurements  a  line  of  guns  is  brought  to  bear  upon  a  certain  terrain.  The  fire  creates  a  complete 
screen  of  projectiles.  Behind  it  a  body  of  troops  is  safe;  through  it  no  enemy  can  advance.  By  movfr;g  the 
barrage  line  forward  ("creeping"  barrage)  a  detachment  can  advance  with  a  minimum  of  casualties.  It 
is  controlled  by  observers  at  the  front  who  find  ranges  and  direct  artillery  fire  by  telephone  or  wireless,  and 
it  demolishes,  in  front  of  the  attacking  force,  wire  entanglements,  trenches,  and  "pill  boxes." 

Base  Hospitals — Receive  the  wounded  from  the  front,  treat  their  wounds,  and  then  pass  them  on  to 
permanent  hospitals  in  the  rear.  Shortly  after  the  beginning  of  the  war  in  Europe  the  American  Red  Cross 
proceeded  to  organize  base  hospital  units  in  connection  with  medical  centres.  Each  of  these  base  hospitals 
has  a  staff  of  twenty-two  physicians,  two  dentists,  sixty-five  Red  Cross  nurses  and  150  enlisted  men  of  the 
Army  Medical  Corps.  It  costs  on  an  average  875,000  to  equip  a  base  hospital  with  beds,  blankets,  steril- 
izers, operating  tables,  tents,  dental  outfits,  automobiles,  and  kitchens. 

Battalion — An  organization  of  two,  Oi-  more,  generally  four,  companies  In  the  infantry,  engineers, 
■and  signal  corps,  and  ol  two  or  more  batteries  in  the  field  artillery.  Two  or  more  coast  artillery  compan- 
ies are  usually  organized  into  provisional  battalions  for  other  than  coast  artillery  formations.  The  total 
strength  of  a  complete  infantry  battalion  in  the  United  States  service  is  twenty-six  officers  and  1,000  men; 
of  a  machine-gun  battalion  of  three  companies  twenty  officers  and  550  men,  and  of  four  companies,  twenty- 
six  officers  and  728  men;  of  a  battalion  of  light  artillery,  seventeen  officers  and  579  men;  of  heavy  field 
artillery,  twelve  officers  and  456  men;  of  a  field  signal  battalion,  fourteen  officers  and  248  men;  and  of  .lu  en- 
gineer battalion,  twenty  officers  and  753  men.  A  trench  mortar  battalion  has  seventeen  officers  and  747 
men.    In  the  present  war  the  importance  of  the  battalion  has  been  greatly  increased. 

Battery — Smallest  administrative  and  tactical  unit  in  the  field  artillery.  A  three-inch  gun  brittery 
(light  artillery)  has  five  officers  and  193  men;  a  heavy  field  artillery  (six-Inch)  has  fiv-e  officers  and  228 
man.  The  term  "battery"  Includes  bothi  the  personnel  and  materiel.  It  is  also  used  to  designate  a  coast 
artillery  emplacement,  the  guns  mounted  therein,  and  the  materiel  and  supplies  necessary  for  their  service. 
Two  batteries  of  heavy  field  artillery  and  three  batteries  of  light  usually  make  up  a  battalion,  imder  com- 
mand of  a  major. 

Belgrade-^— Capital  of  Serbia,  commands  the  Danube  River  at  the  Austro-Serbian  frontier.  It  was 
shelled  by  the  Austrians  July  29,  1914.  December  1  the  Serbians  evacuated  the  city.  The  Austrians  en- 
tered on  December  2,  being  forced  to  conduct  the  bombardment  from  across  the  Danube,  and  reduce  the 
city  to  ruins.  The  rally  of  the  Serbians  on  December  5  enabled  them  to  reoccupy  Belgrade,  December  13, 
1914.    The  next  fall  of  Belgrade  took  place  on  October  9,  1915. 

Bessarabia  (anciently  Wallachia) — This  former  province  of  Russia,  which  joined  Roumania,  In  1918, 
after  the  Peace  of  Bucharest,  has  17,143  square  miles,  and  1,500,000  inhabitants.  It  fronts  on  the  Black 
Sea,  and  is  bounded  south  by  the  River  Danube,  and  west  by  the  River  Pruth.  It  is  a  flat,  fertile,  grain 
country.  In  1812  Turkey  separated  Bessarabia  from  Moldavia  and  gave  the  former  to  Russia.  After 
the  Crimean  War  Bessarabia  and  Moldavia  were  reunited;  and  in  1859,  Moldavia  and  modern  Wallachia 
imited  to  form  the  Kingdom  of  Roumania.  Bessarabia  was  got  by  Russia  again  in  1878,  after  her  war  with 
Turkey.    The  Bessarabians  are  mostly  Roumanians. 

"Boclie" — A  term  commonly  used  by  the  French  soldiers  to  designate  the  Germans.  The  origin 
is  disputed.  It  was  used  before  the  war  as  the  equivalent  of  German.  It  was  so  used  by  the  Paris  printers 
to  designate  their  German  assistants.  The  term  ce  boche  was  used,  before  the  Franco-Prussian  war  at  least, 
as  equivalent  to  "that  chump,"  and  tete  de  boche  is  given  by  French  dictionaries  of  slang  as  equivalent 
to  "wooden-pate"  or  'blockhead."  Some  French  scholars  derive  the  present  use  of  boche  from  caboche, 
a  French  word  meaning  head. 

Boiiemia — A  division  of  Austria  with  an  area  of  20,065  square  mUes  and  a  population  (1910)  of 
6,769,548,  of  whom  the  overwhelming  majority  is  Czech.  Bohemia  was  formerly  an  independent  kingdom, 
which  passed  to  the  Hapsburgs  in  1526;  its  Independent  political  organizatioa  was  suppressed  in  1620. 

Bolshevik! — Meaning  "belonging  to  the  majority;"  originally  the  left  or  radical  wing  of  the  Rus- 
sian Socialist  Democratic  Party.  In  1905,  at  the  time  when  the  split  in  the  party  occurred,  the  radicals, 
led  by  Nikolai  Lenine,  were  in  the  majority,  or  Bolshinstvo,  and  hence  called  themselves  Maximalists  or 
Bolsheviki,  meaning  the  majority  faction.  The  moderates,  similarly,  are  called  Minimalists  or  Menshe- 
Yikl. 

Bosnia-Herzegovina — The  two  southernmost  provinces  of  Austria-Hungary,  in  the  northwest  part 
of  the  Balkan  Peninsula.  Originally  part  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  they  were  placed  under  Austria  by  the 
Congress  of  Berlin,  and  In  1908  were  definitely  aimexed  by  Austria,  contrary  to  the  agreement  made  at 
that  congress.  Together  they  cover  about  19,700  .square  miles,  with  a  population  of  2,000,000.  The  great 
majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  Slav  and  pro-Serbian.  This  resulted  in  uamerous  attempts  on  the  lives  of 
Austrian  officials,  together  with  a  more  or  less  open  state  of  insurrection  on  the  part  of  the  people,  which 


Tfa?'  Cijclopedia — Continued.  611 

Austrian  officials  claimed  was  aided  and  abetted  by  Serbia.  Aft^er  the  assassination  of  tiie  Arohduke  Francis 
Ferdinand,  at  Sarajevo,  the  Bosnian  capital,  Austria-Hungary  addressed  to  Serbia  the  ultimatum  which 
brought  about  the  war. 

Brest-Litovsk  Peace  Conference — The  flrst  session  was  held  Saturday,  December  22,  1917.  The 
delegates  were:  Germany — Dr.  Richard  von  KUhlmaun,  Foreign  Minister;  Herr  von  Rosenberg,  Baron 
von  Hock,  Gea.  Hoffmann  and  Major  Brinckraann.  Austria-Hungary — Coimt  Czernin,  Foreign  Minis- 
ter; Herr  von  Merey,  Freiherr  von  Wisser,  Count  CoUerda,  Count  Osaky,  Field  Marshal  von  Chisceries, 
Lieut.  Polaruy,  and  Major  von  Gluise.  Bulgaria — Minister  Popoff,  Former  Secretary  Cosseff,  Postmas- 
ter General  Stoyanovich,  Col.  GantjiH  and  Dr.  Anastasoff.  Turkey — Former  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs 
Nesimy  Bey,  Ambassador  Hakkl,  Under  Foreign  Seci-etary  Hekmlt  Bey  and  Gen.  Zekki  Pasha.  Russia 
— Joae  Kaminefl,  Bisenko  Pokrosky,  Karaghan  Lubincki,  Weltman  Pawlowich,  Admiral  Altvater,  Gen 
Tumorrl  Col.  Rokki,  Col.  Zeplett  and  Capt.  Lipsky.  The  delegates  were  welcomed  by  Prince  Leopold 
of  Bavaria.  Russia  put  in  fifteen  peace  requests,  including  evacuation  of  her  territory  by  enemy  troopp, 
no  indemnities:  and  the  restoration  of  Belgium  and  indemnity  through  an  international  fund  for  damages! 
The  conference  tiien  adjourned  until  December  25,  when  the  Teutons  put  in  counter  proposals,  including 
independence  for  Poland,  Courland,  Lithuania,  and  parts  of  Esthonia  and  Livonia,  and  a  European  com- 
mission to  administer  the  mouth  of  the  Danube.     Nothing  was  said  as  to  Belgium. 

On  January  2,  1918,  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Russian  Council  of  Workmen's  and  Soldiers' 
Delegates  announced  a  rejection  of  the  German  counter  proposals,  with  a  demand  that  the  conference  be 
transiei-red  from  Brest-Litovsk  to  Stockholm.  Germany  and  Austria  then  declared  the  Russian  demands 
uugrantable  as  to  Stockholm  and  evacuation  of  Russia's  territories.  The  second  session  of  the  Brest- 
Litovsk  Peace  Conference  opened  on  Thursday,  January  10,  1918.  The  meeting  was  attended  by  Minister 
Trotzky,  one  woman,  Mme.  Bithenko;  a  former  exile,  M.  Joffe;  M.  Kameneff,  M.  Pokrovsky,  and  three 
Councillors.  Representing  the  Central  Powers  were  Dr.  von  KUhlmann,  Count  Czernin,  Talaat  Bey,  the 
Turki.sh  Grand  Vizier,  and  the  Bulgarian  Foreign  Minister.  There  was  also  a  representation  from  Ukral- 
nla,  wiiich,  through  its  Rada,  or  Parliament,  liad  demanded  independent  peace  commissions,  this  having 
been  ngreed  to  by  the  Bolsheviki  and  the  Central  Powers.  Count  Czernin  stated  that  to  shift  the  parley- 
to  Stockholm,  on  neutral  land,  would  give  the  Allies  a  chance  to  interfere.  The  Teutons  complained  that 
the  Bolsheviki  were  using  the  Russian  wireless  to  spread  Socialist  doctrines  among  the  German  troops. 

On  January  11,  1918,  the  conference  agreed  to  e:vtend  to  February  12  the  armistice  of  December  14, 
1917.,  which  expired  January  12,  1918.  The  Central  Powers  announced  to  the  other  delegates  informal 
recoanition  ot  Ukrainian  independence.  On  January  14  the  conference  v/as  broken  off.  Meantime, 
since  December  25,  there  had  been  economic  conferences  at  Petrograd  between  commissions  from  both 
sides-.  On  January  16,  at  a  private  conference  of  the  delegates,  an  agreement  was  reached  between  the  Cen- 
tral Powers  and  the  Ukrainians.  On  Januar.v  25,  before  the  formal  conference  had  resumed,  the  Ukrainian 
Rada  warned  the  Petrograd  Government  that  unless  Russia  made  peace  with  Germany  within  twentj'- 
four  hours  the  Ukraine  would  make  a  separate  peace.  This  was  not  agreed  to  by  Petrograd.  Then  the 
Brest-Utovsk  conference  was  resumed,  and  on  February  9  a  treaty  was  signed  between  Germany,  Austria- 
Hungary,  Bulgaria,  and  Turkey,  on  the  one  side,  and  the  Ukraine  Rada  on  the  other  side.  On  March  3 
peace  was  signed  at  Brest-Litovsk  between  the  Central  Powers  and  the  Russian  Bolsheviki:  on  March  7 
the  peace  was  filgned  between  Germany  and  Finland,  and  negotiations  were  under  way  with  Roumania. 
This  wound  up  the  Brest-Litovsk  conference.  The  peace  treaty  between  the  Central  Powers  and  Roumania 
was  signed  at  Bucharest  May  6.. 

Brigade — An  infantry  brigade  is  a  tactical  organization  commanded  by  a  brigadier  general,  and  is 
made  up  of  brigade  headquarters,  two  infantry  regiments,  and  a  machine-gun  battalion,  with  a  total  strength 
of  232  officers  and  8,210  men,  of  which  17  officers  and  202  men  are  noncombatants,  i.  e.,  the  chaplain  and 
the  Medical  Corps.  A  brigade  of  field  artillery  consists  of  brigade  headquarters,  two  regiments  of  light 
artillery,  one  regiment  of  heavy  artillery,  and  a  trench  mortar  battery,  with  72  guns,  12  trench  mortars 
and  the  necessary  transportation,  supplies,  etc.  It  has  a  total  strength  of  185  officers  and  4,781  men.  A 
cavalry  brigade  is  composed  of  headquarters  and  three  cavalry  regiments,  and  has  a  strength  of  approxi- 
mately 181  officers  and  4,575  men. 

Brussels — Capital  of  Belgium.  Evacuated  by  the  Belgian  Government  August  19,  1914.  German 
forces  occupied  the  city  on  August  20,  levying  a  war  tax  upon  the  inhabitants  on  August  21.  It  became 
the   centre  of  German  administration   for  Belgium. 

Bucharest — Capital  of  Roumania.     December  6,   1916,  the  Germans  took  po.sscssion  of  the  city. 

Buffer  States  set  up  by  Germany — Comparatively  early  in  the  war,  and  long  before  the  actual 
collapse  of  the  Russian  military  offensive,  the  Central  Powers  set  about  establishing  buffer  states  on  their 
eastern  border.3.  German  agents  in  Russian  Poland  promised  that  region  independence,  so  the  Poles  de- 
clared. In  the  Ukraine  district  of  Russia  an  Austrian  bund  was  formed  for  active  propagandizing.  In 
Finland,  In  Courland,  in  Esthonia,  and  in  Lithuania,  similar  movements  were  started.  In  Finland,  and  also 
in  Poland,  the  Russians,  too,  were  in  competition  with  the  Germans  in  promising  independence  and  the 
establishment  of  buffer  states.  The  Kerensky  government,  the  first  in  Russia  after  the  revolution,  strove 
to  keep  the  Ukraine  region  intact  with  Russia  proper,  on  account  of  its  bordering  on  the  Black  Sea.  The 
Bolshevist  government,  which  succeeded  the  pro-Ally  government  of  Kerensky,  got  in  competition  with 
the  Central  Powers  in  promising  independence  to  the  Ukraine.  In  the  end,  Austrian  influence  in  the  Ukraine 
overcame  that  of  the  Bolsheviki,  and  the  Ukrainians  were  the  first  to  make  a  treaty  of  peace  with  the 
Germans. 

A  formal  admission  that  Germany's  aim  was  to  set  up  buffer  states  on  her  east  was  made  by  the  For- 
eign Secretary,  von  KUhlmann,  who,  in  a  statement  In  the  Reichstag  in  February,  1918,  regarding  the 
Russian  treaty,  said:  "It  contains  no  conditions  whatever  which  dishonor  Russia,  no  mention  of  oppres- 
sive war  indemnities,  no  forcible  appropriations  of  R<issian  territory.  A  number  of  the  border  states  have 
severed  their  connection  with  the  Russian  State  in  accordance  with  their  own  will,  which  was  recognized 
by  Russia.  In  regard  to  these  States  we  adopt  the  standpoint  formerly  expressed  by  me,  that  under  the 
mighty  protection  of  the  German  Empire  they  can  give  themselves  political  form  corresponding  with  their 
situation  and  the  tendency  of  their  kultur,  while  at  the  same  time,  of  course,  we  are  safeguarding  our  own 
interests."  ,        ,  , 

Bulgaria — A  constitutional  monarchy,  in  the  Balkans,  capital,  Sofia.  Its  area  has  been  altered  by 
gains  and  losses  in  the  recent  Balkan  wars,  and  was  estimated  for  1913  at  114,017  square  kilometres  (ap- 
proximately 45,000  square  miles),  while  its  population  at  that  time  was  4,711,917.  In  1908  Bulgaria  re- 
pudiated certain  restrictions  imposed  by  the  Congress  of  Berlin  and  became  an  Independent  monarchy, 
with  Prince  Ferdinand  as  Czar.  Like  Serbia,  Bulgaria  is  a  link  in  the  Berlin  to  Bagdad  railway.  On  October 
14,  ltU4,  Bulgaria  declared  war  upon  Serbia  and  became  an  ally  of  the  Central  Powers. 

Bulgaria  sued  for  an  armistice  from  the  Allies,  which  was  granted  on  condition  that  she  demobilize 
and  get  out  of  the  war;  at  noon,  September  30,  hostilities  between  Bulgaria  and  the  Allies  ceased. 

"Cadets" — The  Constitutional  Democratic  Party  of  Russia,  so-called  from  the  initial  letters  of  the 
partv  name. 

Cambral — A.  town  of  21,791  inhabitants  (1906)  in  northern  France,  thirty-seven  miles  south  and  a 
little  east  of  Lille.  Old  fortifications  had  been  levelled  before  the  outbreak  of  the  present  war,  but  the  city 
possessed  military  importance  as  the  converging  point  of  four  railways  and  numerous  highways.  The 
Germans  made  it  a  great  distributing  centre  for  the  armies  along  the  Hlndenburg  line  and  also  along  the 
Aisne.    It  waa  a  lini  in  the  chain  of  supply  stations — Laon,  St.  Quentin,  Cambral,  Douai,  Lille — in  front 


612  W^flr  Cyclopedia— Contimied. 


on  wbicb  the  Germans  took  their  stand  after  the  retreat  from  the  Marue.    It  waa  the  Objective  of  ttf  drive 
begun  by  Gen.  Byng  on  November  20.  1917,  and  renewed  in  the  late  summer  of  1918. 

CamouSage — A  French  word  for  a  military  art  that  has  assumed  new  Importance  in  the  present 
war  as  a  result  of  the  effort  to  conceal  fortiflcations,  ships,  guns,  trenches,  etc.,  from  the  observation  of 
hostile  aircraft.  It  conoists  In  painting  objeols  of  war  so  that  they  may  blend  readily  Into  the  landscape  and 
thus  be  lost  to  view,  or  in  concealing  them  by  screens  or  false  work,  or  even  in  "taking"  fortifications  or 
"Quaker"  guns. 

Cavalry — Soldiers  organized  and  .armed  with  the  rifle,  pistol,  and  sabre,  mounted  on  horses,  and 
trained  to  fight  either  on  foot  or  on  horseback;  of  great  importance  in  past  wars.  The  emalleet  adnjinistrar 
tive  imit  of  the  cavalry;  four  troops  form  a  squadron,  and  three  squadrons,  mth  headquarters,  suiJi'ly  and 
machine  gim  troops,  form  a  regiment.  Captains  command  troops;  majors,  squadrons:  and  a  colonel,  the 
regiment. 

Caucasus — This  region  has  an  area  of  180,703  square  miles  and  an  estimated  population  of  14,0(i0,000. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Ukrainla  and  the  Don  region,  on  the  cast  by  the  Caspian  Sea,  on  tUi'  south 
by  the  Turkish-Persian  frontiers,  and  on  the  west  by  the  Black  Sea.  It  comprises  two  geographic:.!  (!ivis- 
ions,  namely:  Ciscaucasia,  or  the  northern  Caucasus  and  Transcaucasia,  or  the  southern  Caucasu?.  Cis- 
caucasia contains  four  out  of  the  fourteen  administrative  divisions  of  the  old  viceregency  of  the  Caucisus. 
It  has  an  area  of  96,672  square  miles  and  an  estimated  population  of  7,000,000,  90  per  cent,  of  wliich 
are  Turko-Tartars,  Circassians  and  other  Moslem  tribes.  Ciscaucasia,  at  the  instigation  of  Germ.".i!y  and 
1'iu'key,  declared,  in  1918,  its  independence  from  Russia  and  assumed  the  title  of  the  Union  of  the  Independ- 
ent State  of  the  Mountaineers  of  the  Caucasus.  Transcaucasia  contains  ten  out  of  the  fourteen  rwlrain- 
ii5(rative  divisions  of  the  old  viceregency  of  the  Caucasus.  It  has  an  area  of  84,131  square  miles  and  con- 
stitutes exclusively  the  Russian  Georgia  and  Armenia.  Of  its  estimated  population  of  7,000,000  about 
3,000,000  are  Georgians;  2,000,000  are  Armenians,  exclusive  of  the  350,000  refugees  from  Turkish  Aiiiienla. 
and  the  rest  are  Turko-Tartars,  Russians,  Jews,  etc.  Transcaucasia  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Ciscau- 
«;asia;  on  the  east  by  the  Caspian;  on  the  south  by  the  Turkish-Persian  frontiers,  and  on  the  west  l>y  the 
Black  Sea. 

Cavcll,  Edith,  Execution  of — Occurred  at  2  A.  M.  of  October  13,  1915,  in  pursuance  of  S(  iitence 
passed  by  the  German  military  court  at  Brussels,  the  charge  against  her  being  that  she  had  assisted  FnglieU 
and  Belgian  young  men,  who  had  come  under  her  care  as  nurse,  to  cross  the  frontier  into  Holland. 

Cettiuje — Capital  of  Montenegro,  fell  before  the  Austrian  armies  November  13,  191.5. 

Company — Smallest  administrative  unit  in  the  Infantry,  engineers,  signal  corps,  and  coast  nniilery. 
The  quartermaster  corps  and  medical  corps  also  have  special  units  designated  as  companies,  such  as  truck 
companies,  field  hospital  companies  etc.  A  company  is  the  proper  command  of  a  captain,  and  Its  strength 
in  the  different  arms  of  the  service  varies  from  250  in  an  infantry  rifle  company  to  eeventy-five  in  tht^  signal 
corps.  In  the  infantry  and  coast  artillery,  four  companies,  with  battalion  headquarters,  make  a  battalion; 
In  the  engineers,  signal  corps,  quartermaster  corps,  and  medical  department,  companies  are  organized  Into 
battalions  when  necessary,  such  number  of  companies  being  used  as  wlU  most  efficiently  combine  for  the 
special  work  for  which  the  troops  are  intended. 

Congress  of  Berlin — Met  under  the  presidency  of  Bismarck  at  Berlin  in  1878  to  settle  questions 
which  had  arisen  out  of  the  Russian  defent  of  the  Turks  in  the  war  of  1877-78.  It  bad  been  the  desire  of 
Russia  to  erect  a  strong  Slav  State,  Bulgaria,  out  of  land  taken  from  Turkey,  leaving  the  latter  little  in 
Europe  except  Constantinople.  England  opposed,  from  fear  of  Russian  control  at  Constantlnoi)le,  and 
Austria,  desiring  Balkan  land  and  fearing  a  strong  Russia,  added  her  protest.  Bismarck  mediated,  Rus- 
sian plans  for  Bulgaria  were  checkmated,  and  Austria  secured  control  of  Bosnia  and  Hei-zegovlna.  Miich 
of  tike  land  intended  for  Bulgaria  was  given  back  to  Turkey.  Tills  contributed  to  break  up  the  old  Russo- 
Cierman  friendship  and  later  led  to  the  Franco-Russian  alliance. 

Contraband — Goods  of  warlike  use,  neutral  trade  in  which,  willi  the  enemy,  may  be  intercepted 
by  the  belUgerent  either  on  the  high  seas  or  in  enemy's  waters  and  suitably  penalized.  It  is,  or  at  least  used 
to  be,  of  two  sorts — (1)  absolute  contraband',  which  comprises" generally  speaking,  articles  of  predominantly 
warlike  use,  such  as  munitions;  and  (2)  conditional  contraband,  which  includes  articles  of  double  use,  like 
foodstuffs.  The  carriage  of  the  former  to  the  enemy  country  Is  attended  by  the  risk  of  confiscation  both  of 
cargo  and  vessel;  that  of  the  latter,  only  when  it  is  shown  to  be  destined  for  the  enemy  forces  or  Govern- 
ment. The  difficulty  of  distinguishing  between  the  civil  population  of  the  belligerents  in  the  present  war 
and  their  armed  forces  has  rendered  the  distinction  between  the  two  kinds  of  contraband  precarious:  and 
the  science  of  chemistry  has  worked  to  the  same  end.  Raw  cotton,  which  the  Declaration  of  London  Iteted 
in  1909  with  articles  never  contraband,  now  furnishes  the  basis  of  the  highest  explosives,  and  has,  in  conse- 
quence, been  declared  absolutely  contraband  by  Great  Britain  and  France. 

Courland,  Livonia,  and  Esthonla — These  three  provinces  in  European  Russia,  declared  IikV  pend- 
ent states  by  the  Central  Powers  early  in  1918-  under  their  treaty  with  Russia,  lie  aide  by  side  on  t!ie  east 
shore  of  the  Baltic  Sea. 

Courland,  the  most  southerly,  occupies  a  peninsula  which  juts  into  the  southeast  corner  of  the  TJaltlc, 
with  Libau  as  its  chief  port,  and  has  the  Gulf  of  Riga  on  Its  east.  Above  Courland  is  Livonia,  Ivliig  be- 
tween the  Gulf  of  Riga  and  the  province  of  Petrograd.  Riga  is  Its  seaport  and-capltal.  Estboni.n. "is  north 
of  Livonia,  and  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  which  Is  an  arm  of  the  Baltic.  Its  capital 
Reval,  lies  on  the  gulf.  Courland  had,  in  1915,  an  area  of  ft),435  square  miles — slightly  larger  than  Mary- 
land— and  a  population  of  812,000.  It  was  once  a  part  of  Poland.  The  Dvlna  is  the  chief  river.  Formerly 
much  flax  was  grown,  great  quantities  of  amber  were  gathered  on  the  coast.  There  are  large  exports  of 
corn,  lint,  hemp,  oils,  and  lumber.  Iron  is  mined.  The  country  Is  level,  with  many  lakes  and  U'arshes. 
The  upper  classes  are  mainly  of  German  descent;  the  peasantry,  Letts.  The  name  Courland,  or  Kurland, 
comes  frqm  the  Kur,  who  were  Letts. 

Livonia  (formerly  Riga),  in  1915,  had  an  area  of  17,574  square  miles — larger  than  Massachusetts  and 
New  Hampshire  together — and  a  population  of  1,778,000.  It  is  250  miles  long,  north  and  south,  and  150 
miles  wide,  east  ancl  west.  There  are  many  lakes  and  forests.  One  of  the  lakes,  Virty,  or  Virtz  Yerve  (now 
called  Wh'zjan'),  is  twenty-three  miles  by  nine  miles.  Livonia,  a  century  ago,  was  the  "com  granary  of 
Europe."  Cereals,  potatoes,  flax,  and  dairying  are  now  the  cUef  industries.  The  upper  classes  are  mostly 
Germans;  the  lower,  Letts  and  Esthonians.  The  country  was  Polisli,  then  Swedish,  then  Russian.  The 
Germans  got  in  there  in  the  thirteenth  centurj'. 

Esthonla  (formerly  Reval)  had.  In  1915,  an  area  of  7,605  square  miles — somewhat  larger  thsn  New 
Jeirsey — and  a  population  of  512,000.  It  is  a  flat  land,  humid;  much  sand,  and  marsh,  and  pine  woods; 
corn,  eattle,  and  fish  are  important  products.  The  upper  classes  are  German;  the  lower,  Finns  and  Ksthon- 
lans.  The  capital,  Reval,  is  a  bathing  resort,  and  was  called  by  the  Russians,  Kolyvan  in  the  middle  ages. 
The  Esthonians  called  it  Tallin. 

Cuxhaven — The  fortified  port  of  Hamburg,  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe,  directly  oppos-oe  the 
west  end  of  the  Kiel  Canal,  and  used  in  the  present. war  as  a  Gennan  naval  base. 

Czecho-SIovak  National  Unity  Movement — Preceding  the  Congress  of  Ol)pressed  Nationalities, 
held  at  Rome,  April  8-10,  1918,  a  home-rule  declaration  was  made  in  the  Austrian  Parliament  on  May  30, 
1917,  in  the  name  of  the  Czeciis  of  Bohemia,  and  Ijy  the  Poles,  Czecho-Slovalcs  and  Jugo  Slavs.  The  Slav 
leaders  were  imprisoned,  and  released  in  July,  1917,  by  the  young  Emperor,  Cliarles.  Their  leader.  Dr. 
Kramar,  was  received  by  a  cheering  throng  on  his  return  to  Prague.  At  that  city,  January  (J,  1918,  was 
held  a  Constituent  A.ssembly  of  all  Czech  Deputies  in  the  Au,strian  Parliament,  at  which  a  reholution 


War  Cyclopedia— Continued.  613 

was  adopted  demanding  Bohemian  Independence.  In  February  the  various  Czech  Socialist  groups  in  Boh&- 
mla  united.  On  April  2,  1918,  the  Austro-Hungarian  Premier,  Count  Czernln,  spoke  In  Parliament,  de- 
nouncing the  Czech  leaders  as  "high  traitors"  and  "Masaryks."  The  second  appellation  was  denied  by 
the  Czecho-Slovaks  at  a  national  Bohemian  convention  at  Prague,  April  13,  1918,  attended  by  6,000  dele- 
gates. Tbe«  Czernin  resigned  as  Premier,  the  Reichsrat,  or  Parliament,  was  adjourned,  and  the  Emperor 
threatened  Bohemia  with  partition.    On  May  1,  1918,  Czech  demonstrations  were  held  all  over  Bohemia. 

Following  the  Roman  Congress,  the  Czechs  of  Bohemia  held  a  similar  gathering  at  Prague,  May  16. 
1918.  The  Slovenes  sent  one  hundred  delegates,  as  did  the  Croatians,  Serbians,  Bosnians,  Italians,  Buko- 
vinia:ns,  RoumanlajM  of  Transylvania,  Slovaks  of  Hungary,  and  Poles  from  Galicia,  Silesia,  and  Pasen. 
On  May  17  the  assembly  adopted  a  resolution  calling  for  "world  democracy,  a  real  and  sovereign  national 
people's  goverwnent  aad  a  universal  League  of  Nations,  endowed  with  the  necessary  authority."  The 
Austriiin  Government  oa  May  19,  1918,  suppressed  the  newspaper  Narodni  l.isty,  many  arrests  were  made 
on  treason  chargea,  and  Dr.  Kramar  was  expelled. 

Ocstroyers — Large  torpedo  craft  of  from  350  to  1,100  tons  displacement.  They  have  greater  free- 
board and  higher  siKed  than  the  torpedo  boats,  which  they  were  devised  to  destroy.  In  the  present  war 
they  have  proved  to  be  one  of  the  best  means  for  fighting  submarines. 

Division — Tl»  Infantry  division  is  complete  in  itself,  having  infantry,  cavalry,  artillery,  engineers, 
signal  and  quartermaster  corps  troops,  medical  and  sanitary  troops,  and  all  necessary  supplies,  material, 
and  transportation,  with  the  headquarters  personnel,  enabling  it  to  act  independently  of  any  other  organi- 
zation. It  is  the  Gocamand  of  a  major  general.  The  infantry  division  of  the  United  States  army  is  now 
composed  of  division  headquarters,  two  infantry  brigades,  each  of  two  regiments  of  infantry  and  one  ma- 
chine gun  battalion,  one  fleld  artillery  brigade  (having  two  regiments  of  light  and  one  of  heavy  field  ar- 
tillery and  one  trea<fli  mortar  battery),  one  divisional  machine  gun  battalion,  one  regiment  of  engineers, 
one  field  signal  battaUon,  headquarters  train,  and  military  police,  and  engineer,  ammunition,  supply,  and 
sanitary  trains.  The  division  has  a  total  strength  of  887  officers  and  26,265  enlisted  men.  The  cavalry 
division  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  war  included  headquarters  and  three  brigades  of  cavalry,  with 
horse  artillery,  mouated  engineers,  train,  etc.,  and  its  total  strength  was  711  officers  and  17,537  men.  This 
organizatiou  will,  iH  all  probability,  be  somewhat  changed  to  meet  present  conditions. 

Essen — Industrial  town  in  the  midst  of  iron  and  coal  fields  in  the  Rhineland  in  Prussia.  It  is  situated 
at  a  point  some  twentr-seven  miles  from  Dusseldorf.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Krupp  Iron  and  steel  works,  the 
largest  in  Europe. 

Embargo — Foimerly  defined  as  consisting  in  the  detention  of  ships  and  goods  within  the  port  of  the 
state  resorting  to  It.  It  was  ordinarily  a  measure  of  reprisal  and  might  be  either  (1)  pacific,  when  the  de- 
tention was  confined  to  the  states'  own  vessels;  or  (2)  hostile,  when  it  was  extended  to  the  goods  and  ships 
of  another  state. 

Finland — The  restoration  of  autonomy  to  Finland  was  one  of  the  first  acts  of  the  Russian  revolution, 
and  put  once  more  bi  force  the  Constitution  of  the  old  Grand  Duchy,  granted  to  the  Finns  in  1863  by  Czar 
Alexander  II.  of  Rus^a,  and  which  had  confirmed  the  rights  and  privileges  given  to  the  Grand  Duchy  by 
Czar  Alexander  I.  after  he  formed  the  duchy  out  of  the  Swedish  province  of  Finland  (wrested  from  Sweden 
in  1809),  and  out  •t  Oie  province  of  Vyborg,  conquered  by  Peter  the  Great.  Czar  Nicholas  II.  suspended 
the  Constitution  of  Fialand  in  1899,  and  began  a  Russification  of  the  province.  In  1905  there  was  an  up- 
heaval in  Finland,  and  Soinien,  the  Procurator  General,  was  assas.sinated.  The  Finns  agreed  to  pay 
$2,000,000  a  year  to  Russia,  in  return  for  the  stopping  of  recruiting  and  the  making  of  Judges  irremovable. 
In  1910  there  was  trouble  due  to  laws  set  up  by  Russia. 

Finland  contained,  in  1916,  an  area  of  144,000  square  milFs,  somewhat  smaller  than  that  of  Montana, 
and  a  populatloa  of  3.000,000.  The  Finns  call  their  country  Suomi,  the  "land  of  lakes."  Helsingfors,  the 
capital,  a  seaport  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  has  93,000  population  and  a  large  university,  removed  from  the 
city  of  Abo  In  1827.  T'ne  latter  city  was  the  capital  until  1819.  It  is  near  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.  Finland  j«Jns  Sweden  on  the  east,  and  Norway  projects  above  it.  Finland  is  700  miles  long,  from 
112  to  370  miles  wide,  and  includes  a  large  part  of  Russian  Lapland.  It  is  a  fertile  agricultural  (284,000 
farms)  and  pastoral  (1,400,000  horses  and  cattle)  country,  with  immense  forests,  a  large  merchant  marine, 
and  mineral  deposits  In  the  north.  The  Finns  belong  to  the  Uralto-Altaic  stock,  and  speak  a  language  Hke 
that  of  the  Lapps,  though  the  two  races  do  not  mix.  They  date  back  to  the  Scythians.  In  the  twelfth  and 
thirteenth  centuries  the  Finns,  up  to  that  time  pagans,  were  conquered  by  the  Swedes.  In  1721  that  part 
Of  southern  Finland,  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  was  got  by  treaty  by  Peter  the  Great  of  Russia,  and  in  1808-9 
most  of  Finland  was  taken  by  Czar  Alexander  I.  of  Russia,  including  the  southern  portion.  Under 
Russian  control,  Finland  became  a  Grand  Duchy,  under  a  Governor  Genera!,  residing  at  Helingsfors,  but 
until  recent  years,  preserving  its  old  constitution.  The  Governor  General  was  the  head  of  the  Imperial 
Senate  of  Finland,  composed  of  four  classes — nobles,  clergy,  burghers,  and  peasants.  The  country  waa 
divided  into  eight  laons,  or  provinces.  In  1911  the  population  consisted  of  2,571,000  Finns,  339,000  Swedes, 
7,000  Russians,  1,8(K)  Germans,  and  1,600  Lapps.  Nearly  all  the  people  are  Lutherans.  In  1907,  when 
the  old  constitution  was  restored,  having  been  suspended  for  several  years,  Finland  adopted  universal 
suffrage,  including  both  sexes.  The  whole  country  was  included,  for  military  purposes  only,  in  the  Petro- 
grad  army  district,  the  Russian  capital  lying  just  across  the  Gulf  from  Helsingfors. 

Finnish  Republic — Tlio  Russian  Grand  Duchy  of  Finland  was  proclaimed,  March  21,  1917,  by  the 
Revolutionary  Russian  Provisional  Government,  to  be  a  free  and  independent  state,  in  a  Russian  federation. 
The  manifesto  revoked  the  laws  contrary  to  the  old  constitution,  freed  all  PMnns  who  had  been  imprisoned  or 
exiled  for  religious  or  political  offenses,  and  promised  the  establishment  of  a  Diet,  or  local  legislature,  and  inde- 
pendent government.  Under  the  Finnish  CJoustitution  government  authority  was  vested  in  the  Emperor 
of  Russia,  who  waa  also  Grand  Duke  of  Finland.  No  bill  passed  by  the  Diet  could  become  a  law  without 
the  coDflrmation  of  the  Emperor-Grand  Duke,  as  the  monarchy  no  longer  existed,  the  question  now  waa 
who  was  to  inherit  authority  in  Finland.  The  leaders  argued  that  the  grand  ducal  prerogatives  had  auto- 
matically passed  to  the  Finnish  Senate,  i.  e..  Cabinet  of  Ministers.  The  Provisional  Government  held  that 
the  rights  formerly  vested  in  the  Grand  Duke  of  Finland  now  belonged  to  itself,  and  that  the  future  re- 
lations between  the  two  countries  were  to  be  determined  not  by  a  one-sided  act  of  the  Finnish  Diet  but 
bv  a  mutual  agreement,  whose  terms  could  be  fixed  only  by  the  All-Russian  Constituent  Assembly.  The 
Diet  opened  on  April  4,  1917,  the  date  fixed  by  the  Provisional  Government  in  a  special  edict.  Although 
it  had  a  Socialist — that  is,  a  separatist — majority,  it  refrained  for  some  time  from  challenging  the  Russian 
Government,  and  reluctantly  submitted  to  its  authority. 

Finally  the  Diet  passed,  July  19,  1917,  a  bill  giving  Finland  a  government  independent  from  that  of 
Russia.  The  Russian  Provisional  Government,  August  3,  1917,  ordered  the  dissolution  of  the  Finnish 
Diet  and  the  sumraoning  of  a  new  one  on  November  1,  1917.  It  had  been  in  session  several  days  when  the 
Kerensky  Government  in  Russia  was  overthrown  by  Lenine  and  tlie^Bolshevlki,  who,  through  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  Soviets,  declared  the  right  of  the  Russian  peoples  to  secede,  without  waiting  for  the  decis- 
ion of  the  Constituent  Assembly.  A  manifesto  issued  by  the  Peoples'  Commissaries,  the  Bolshevist  Min- 
isters, on  November  23,  confirmed  the  right  to  freedom  and  self-determination  on  the  part  of  the  various 
nationalities  in  Russia,  and  stated  that  "this  right  of  the  Russian  peoples  to  their  self-determination  is  to 
be  extended  even  as  far  as  separation  and  the  forming  of  independent  states."  „     „  ,       „  ^..    r,      ■ 

Finland,  accordingly,  on  December  5,  1917,  declared  its  own  independence.  On  December  9  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Finnish  Senate  issued  a  proclamation  that  the  Finnish  Diet  had  assumed  sovereign  power  and 
bad  appointed  the  Senate  as  the  supreme  executive  authority;  that  the  President  of  the  Senate  had  submitted 


614  War  Cyclopedia — Continued. 

to  the  Diet  a  bill  Instituting  Finland  an  Independent  repulilic.  and  that  no  legal  Russian  authority  existed 
Ui  Finland.  The  declaration  of  independence  was  recognized  by  Sweden,  France,  Norway,  Denmark, 
and  Germany,  in  the  order  named,  and  on  January  0,  1918,  the  Russian  Provisional  Government,  through 
the  Central  Executive  Committee  of  the  Soviets,  unanimously  recognized  Finland  as  free  and  independent. 
Then  followed  Socialist  strike  riots  and  civil  war.  The  "Red  Guards"  (Bolshevlkl)  set  up  a  government 
at  Vlborg,  and  the  "White  Guards"  (pro-German)  set  up  a  rival  government  at  Vasa.  On  March  7,  1918, 
Germany  signed  a  peace  treaty  with  Finland,  having  invade<J  the  country  and  occupied  the  Aland  Islands. 
After  the  treaty,  the  Germans  took  part  In  the  civil  war,  occupying  Helsingfors  on  April  13,  and  Vlborg 
on  AprU  30. 

France — The  present  French  Republic  was  proclaimed  on  September  4,  1870.  She  was  the  friend 
and  ally  of  the  United  States  in  the  struggle  for  Independence,  and  in  her  own  great  revolution  gave  Europe 
the  Declaration  of  the  Rights  of  Man.  The  first  French  Republic  was  established  in  1792,  but  it  was  unable 
to  maintain  itself  agaipst  the  reactionary  forces  of  tlie  age.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  Germans  aeized 
the  territory  of  northeastern  France,  in  which  are  located  90  per  cent,  of  her  coal  and  iron,  and  her  most 
productive  industries.  PYance  has  an  area  of  207,129  square  miles,  with  a  population  In  1911  of  39,607,509. 
The  capital,  Paris,  had  2,888,110.  The  Government  consists  of  a  Senate  and  Chamber  of  Deputies,  elected 
by  the  people,  and  a  President  chosen  for  seven  yeai'S  by  the  Kouses  sitting  jointly.  M.  Poincare  has  been 
President  since  1913. 

Fryatt,  Capt.,  Execution  of — June  23,  1916,  the  British  steamship  Brnssels,  Capt.  Fryatt,  wa« 
captured  by  German  warsliips.  On  July  27  he  was  condemned  to  death  by  a  German  court-martial  at 
Bruges,  and  shot  the  same  day,  for  having  attempted  on  March  20,  1915,  to  ram  the  German  submarine  U  33. 

Freedom  of  the  Seas — Doctrine  first  propounded  by  Grotius  In  his  Mai-e  Llberum,  "The  air,  ruiming 
water,  the  sea — are  common  to  all."  Selden  answered  with  his  Mare  Clausum,  which  defended  the  pre- 
tensions of  England  over  the  waters  surrounding  the  British  Isles.  The  issue  between  Grotius  and  Selden 
may  be  regarded  as  settled  by  the  present  doctrine  regarding  the  marine  league,  t  e.,  that  the  jurisdiction 
of  a  state  extends  three  miles  beyond  the  coast  line,  and  no  further.  In  the  eighteenth  century  continental 
antagonism  to  British  sea  power  produced  the  doctrine  that  "free  ships  make  free  goods."  This  was  liaoked 
by  the  armed  neutralities  of  1780  and  1800,  and  was  finally  Incorporated,  in  great  part,  into  interuaiional 
law  by  the  Declaration  of  Paris,  1856,  which  also  abolished  privateering.  Meantime  a  third  meaning  had 
come  to  be  fastened  to  "freedom  of  the  seas,"  the  idea  that  private  property  should  be  immune  from  cap- 
ture on  the  high  seas  in  war  time  unless  it  was  contraband  or  Intended  for  a  blockaded  port.  Of  this  notion 
the  United  States  has  always  been  the  champion.  _    

Gallcia — Acquired  by  Austria  in  the  eighteenth  centiuy  at  the  partition  of  Poland  by  Russia,  Prus- 
sia, and  Austria.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  Austrian  Crown  lands:  the  population  (8,022,126)  is  about  evenly 
divided  between  Poles  (west)  and  Ruthenes  (east);  it  was  the  region  of  the  first  Russian  drive  Into  .^itetria, 
which,  l)egl;mlng  September  1,  1914,  captured  Lemberg  on  September  5,  and  swept  across  Gallcia  to  the 
edge  of  the  Hungarian  plains.  The  Ruseiaiw  were  almost  completely  expelled  from  the  district  by  Mack- 
ensen's  advance  in  May-June,  1915,  and  the  Au&tro-German  Invasion  of  Russia  which  followed.  The  Rus- 
sians returned  to  the  Invasion  of  Gallcia  vmder  Brussilolt  In  1916,|penetratlng  as  far  as  Hallcz,  where  they 
were  halted  by  Internal  altnlrs  in  Russia.  A  third  drive  In  Gallcia  was  begun  In  July,  1917,  and  rapid  gains 
were  made  July  11-July  20;  but  this  campaign  was  ended  by  the  revolution. 

Galllpoli — A  narrow  peninsula  north  of  the  Dardanelles  and  the  strategic  key  thereto.  Alttr  the 
failure,  with  heavy  losses,  of  a  naval  demonstration.  Allied  forces  were  landed  in  April,  1915,  In  an  attempt 
to  force  the  straits.  The  landing  was  accomplished  only  at  heavy  cost.  On  April  28,  the  Allied  troops 
commenced  to  advance.  On  May  11  they  were  able  to  begin  siege  operations  against  the  Intrenched  Turco- 
German  forces,  but  these  failed  of  success,  as  did  a  flanking  attack  at  Suvla  Bay  In  August.  The  canipi^ign 
was  abandoned  in  January,  1916. 

Gas  Warfare — During  the  engagement  near  Ypres,  April  22,  1915,  the  German  army  Introduced 
poisonous  or  asphyxiating  gases.  These  gases  were  generated  In  bombs,  grenades,  and  other  apparatus, 
and  allowed  to  drift  with  suitable  winds  into  the  allied  trenches.  A  week  earlier,  aays  Gen.  Frcncli,  the 
Germans  had  falsely  announced  that  the  British  were  xialna  asphyxiating  gases  as  a  weapon  of  war.  Later, 
the  use  of  gas  lu  explosive  shells  became  general. 

German  Colonies — Germany's  colonial  possessions,  before  the  war,  had  an  area  of  more  than  1,000,000 
square  miles.  She  had  Kamerun,  In  West  Africa,  with  an  area  of  191.000  square  miles  and  a  popular 
tion  of  4,500,000;  German  East  Africa,  400,000  square  miles  and  a  population  of  6,850,000,  and  German 
Southwest  Africa,  320,000  square  miles,  and  a  populatioa  of  200,000.  In  1904,  Germany's  expenditures 
on  her  colonies  amounted  to  §31,000,000,  wliile  her  trade  with  them  reached  a  third  of  this  sum. 

German  Empire — It  is  composed  of  twenty-five  states  and  the  Relchsland  (Alsace-Lorraine).  The 
capital  is  Berlin.  The  area  is  208,825.2  square  miles;  population  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  67,810,000. 
The  separate  states  have  a  measure  of  local  self-government.    William  II.  ascended  the  throne  June  l.v,  1888. 

Helgoland — A  small  island  one-fifth  of  a  square  mile  in  area  with  a  population  of  2,307  (1900).  It 
belonged  to  England  up  to  1890,  when  it  was  ceded  to  Germany  in  exchange  for  territories  In  Africa.  The 
German  Government  has  fortified  it  and  made  it  a  very  important  feature  In  the  defense  of  the  coasts. 
The  harbors  are  not  of  sufficient  size  to  admit  battleships,  but  it  makes  a  station  for  email  crulseis  and 
torpedo  craft.  An  important  naval  engagement  was  fouglit  near  it  in  August,  1914.  It  commands  the 
entrance  to  tlie  Kiel  Canal. 

"Hindenburg  Line" — German  preparation  for  a  renewal  of  the  Somme  battle  In  1917  was  a  "strrvtcgic 
retreat'  to  the  "Hindenburg  line,"  assumed  to  have  been  thi-ough  Laon,  La  Fere,  St.  Quentin,  Cambrai, 
and  Lille,  joining  the  old  line  at  Vimy  Ridge  north  of  Arr.is.  The  retreat  on  a  front  extending  from' Arras 
to  the  Aisne  was  carried  out  in  March,  1917.  The  Allied  pursuit  overtook  the  retreat.  La  Fere  was  rend- 
ered useless  by  French  successes.  St.  Quentin  was  eliminated  from  the  line  in  April,  1917.  On  Mai'ch  21, 
1918,  when  the  Germans  renewed  their  offensive,  the  Hindenburg  line,  beginning  at  the  north  at  Nieiiport, 
went  south  through  I^^ens,  Croiselles,  Bullecourt,  Hermes.  Epehy,  Bpllenglise,  Esslgny,  and  St.  Quentin, 
La  Fere,  Auizy,  and  Craoime,  to  Rhelms.  The  Allied  armies,  including  American  brigades,  under  Gen. 
Foch,  began  a  counter  movement  In  Jime,  1918  (at  which  time  the  Germans  had  Gwept  west  to  An-a.s,  Beau- 
mont, Corbie,  Hangard,  Braches,  Montdldier,  Cambroun,  BalMv,  Courtll,  Soissoas,  Troenes,  Vaux,  Chateau- 
Thierry,  Dormans,  Chatillon,  and  Thillols,  to  Rhelms) ,  and  by  September  22  the  Soissons-Rheims  salient  had 
been  wiped  out,  and  from  La  Fere,  through  Laon,  to  Rheims,  the  Germans  were  gradually  being  pushed 
toward,  and  then  across,  the  southern  remnants  of  the  Hiudenbiirg  line. 

Infantry — Soldiers  trained  and  organized  to  fight  on  foot.  It  Is  the  most  important  of  tlie  three 
arms,  and  constitutes  the  bulk  of  our  own  and  the  military  forces  of  other  countTies.  The  National  Defense 
Act  of  1916  pro\'ided  for  sLKty-four  regiments  of  infantry  in  the  Regular  Army  of  the  United  States.  Since 
that  act  was  passed,  the  act  of  May  18,  1917,  authorized  the  President  to  increase  the  personnel  of  the 
army,  but  the  number  of  regiments  in  the  regular  establishment  cannot  be  changed.  An  infantry  regi- 
ment, according  to  the  new  Tables  of  Organization,  has  a  strength  of  103  officers  and  3,652  enlisted  nien. 

Italia  Irredenta — Means  unredeemed  Italy.  After  ISGl,  when  the  present  kingdom  was  established, 
the  Papal  State.?,  Venetia,  the  district  around  Trie.ste,  and  the  district  around  Trent,  were  still — although 
inhabited  mainly  or  in  part  by  Italians — not  parts  of  the  kingdom.  Venetia  and  the  Papal  States  were 
annexed  in  ISCo  atwl  1S"0.    This  process  of  winning  It.'fly  from  foreign  control  came  to  be  called  redeeming 


War  Cyclopedia— Continued.  .  615 


Italy,  and  after  1870  the  term  "Italia  Irredenta"  was  applied  to  Trieste  and  the  Trentino,  these  being  ter- 
ritories still     unredeemed. 

irM-'*?i*i'^A,, 'constitutional  and  parliamentary  monarchy;  area  of  110.688  square  miles;  population  in 
1910,  36,120,118.  Rome  IS  the  capital.  The  reigning  King,  Victor  Emmanuel  III.,  came  to  the  throne 
on  July  29,  1900.  The  Queen  is  Elena,  a  princess  of  Montenegro.  On  May  23,  1915,  Italy  declared  war 
^f^'iWJ/-"^*''!^^  on  August  20,  1915,  against  Turlsey;  on  August  27,  1916,  against  Germany:  and  on  October 
%;•  .f\?'.,^€^'°s':  Bulgaria.  Prior  to  the  war  Italy,  Germany,  and  Austria  composed  the  Triple  Alliance, 
which  had  been  in  existence  since  1882,  as  a  counter  balance  to  the  Triple  Entente  (England,  France  and 
Russia),  which  began  in  1893  with  an  alliance  between  Russia  and  France.  England  Joined  France  in 
1904,  and  joined  Russia  in  1907. 

Japanese-American  Aereement — On  November  2,  1917,  Viscount  Ishll  for  Japan  and  Secretary 
l^anslng  for  the  United  States  exchanged  notes  on  their  policy  regarding  China.  In  a  statement  Secretary 
Lansing  spolie  of  the  attitude  of  constraint  and  doubt  fostered  by  a  campaign  of  falsehood  adroitly  and 
secretly  carried  out  by  th?  Germans,  and  declared  that  through  the  frankness  and  cordiaUty  of  the  Jap- 
anese commissioners  this  propaganda  of  years  had  been  undone  In  a  few  davs.  The  main  points  of  the 
agreement  were  as  follows:  "The  Governments  of  the  United  States  and  Japan  recognize  that  territorial 
propinquity  creates  special  relations  between  countries,  and  consequently  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  recognizes  that  Japan  has  special  interests  in  China,  particularly  in  the  part  to  which  her  posses- 
sions are  contiguous.  The  territorial  sovereignty  of  China,  nevertheless,  remains  unimpaired,  and  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  has  every  confidence  in  the  repeated  assurances  of  the  Japanese  Govern- 
ment that,  while  geographioal  position  gives  Japan  such  special  interests,  they  have  no  desire  to  discrimi- 
nate against  the  trade  of  other  nations.  *  *  *  Moreover,  they  mutually  declare  that  they  are  opposed  to  the 
acquisition  by  any  Government  of  any  special  rights  or  privileges  that  would  affect  the  independence  or 
territorial  integrity  of  China,  or  that  would  deny  to  the  subjects  or  citizens  of  any  country  the  full  enjoy- 
ment of  equal  opportunities  in  the  commerce  and  industries  of  China."  The  Chinese  Government  Issued 
a  statement  that  it  could  not  be  bound  by  agreements  concerning  it  entered  into  by  other  powers. 

Junker — A  member  of  a  noble  Prussian  family,  who  belongs  to  the  landed  aristocracy,  and,  as  a  rule, 
adopts  the  profession  of  arras  and  enters  the  officer  corps.  Since  1862,  when,  under  the  leadership  of  Bis- 
marck, the  aristocratic  party  came  into  political  power,  the  term  has  been  applied  to  those  who  desire  to 
preserve  intact  the  social,  military,  and  political  privileges  belonging  traditionally  to  the  "well-born." 

Jugoslav  Congress  of  Oppressed  Nationalities — This  was  held  at  Rome,  April  8-10,  1918.  Sena- 
tor Rufflni  presided.  There  were  delegates  present  from  Italy,  Poland,  Roumania,  and  from  committees 
of  the  Czechs  and  Jugoslavs  (southern  Slavs).  The  Czecho-Slovak  National  Committee  was  represented 
(in  the  absence  of  Professor  Masaryk  in  Russia)  by  Dr.  Benes  and  the  aviator.  Col.  Stefanik;  the  Jugo- 
slav Committee,  by  its  President,  Dr.  Trumbic,  the  Dalmatian  sculptor,  Mr.  Mestrovic,  the  Bosnian  ex- 
Deputy,  Mr.  Stojanovic,  and  others;  the  Poles  by  the  Galiclan  Deputy,  Mr.  Zamorski,  and  by  Messrs. 
Seyda,  Skirmunt,  Loret,  and  others;  the  Roumanians  by  the  Senators  Draghicescu  and  Mironescu,  the 
Deputy  Lupu  and  the  Transylvanlans,  Mandrescu  and  De  Luca.  The  Serbian  Skupstchina  sent  a  deputa- 
tion of  twelve  deputies  and  a  delegation  of  officers  from  the  Jugoslav  Division  at  Salonica.  Among  the  for- 
eign visitors  invited  to  the  congress  were  M.  Franklin-Bouillon,  President  of  the  Foreign  Affairs  Commit- 
tee of  the  French  Chamber,  the  ex-Minister,  M.  Albert  Thomas,  M.  Fournol,  M.  Pierre  de  Quirielle,  Mr. 
H.  W.  Steed,  Mr.  Seton-Watson,  and  Mr.  Nelson  Gay.  The  congress  unanimously  adopted  the  general 
resolutions  agreed  upon  between  the  various  nationalities  and  the  special  Italo-Jugoslav  Convention  con- 
cluded between  Messrs.  Torre  and  Trumbic,  in  which  they  declared  for  separate  national  independenjce. 
The  United  States  announced  sympathy  with  and  interest  in  the  congress. 

Kiaochow — In  1897  the  German  fleet  seized  the  land  on  both  sides  of  Kiaochow  Bay,  China,  to 
secure  reparation  for  the  murder  of  two  German  missionaries.  It  was  afterwards  arranged  that  the  bay  and 
the  land  adjacent  should  be  leased  to  Germany  for  ninety-nine  years:  area  about  117  square  miles.  The 
port  is  Tsingtau,  fortified  by  Germany;  was  besieged  by. Japan  and  taken  November  10,  1914. 

Kleff,  or  Kiev — An  ancient  fortified  city  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dnieper,  670  miles  south  of  Petro- 
grad,  and  290  miles  north  of  Odessa,  which  latter  city  is  near  the  mouth  of  the  Dnieper,  on  an  inlet  of  the 
Black  Sea.  Kieff  (population,  1915,  329,000)  was  the  cradle  of  Christianity  in  Russia.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
University  of  St.  Vladimir,  and  when  the  Russian  monarchy  was  founded,  in  the  second  half  of  the  ninth 
century,  Kieff  became  the  capital,  and  so  continued  until  the  division  of  the  empire,  in  the  middle  of  the 
eleventh  century.  Long  afterwards  it  remained  the  chief  centre  of  power  of  Russia.  It  is  a  centre  of  the  beet 
sugar,  and  fruit  preserving  industries.  In  recent  times  it  has  been  the  scene  of  many  outbreaks  against  the 
Jews. 

"Kultur" — Has  been  defined  as  indicating  the  whole  mass  of  customs,  conventions,  usages,  laws, 
institutions,  and  language  from  which  the  Prussian  people  derives  its  outlook,  and  in  which  it  expresses  the 
dominant  characteristic  differences  distinguishing  it  from  other  peoples.  A  Kulturmensch  (culture-man) 
is  not  primarily  a  distinctive  individual,  but  the  exponent  of  self-conscious  national  tendencies  under  the 
definition  above. 

Lafayette  Escadrille — A  body  of  young  American  aviators  who,  in  memory  of  Lafayette's  services 
to  the  United  States  during  our  War  for  Independence,  volunteered  to  aid  France.  Before  we  had  yet 
declared  hostilities  upon  Germany  it  was  stated  that  they  had  brought  down  thirty  enemy  aircraft.  The 
pilots  use  Nieuport  machines.  They  were  the  first  to  raise  the  Stars  and  Stripes  on  the  western  front  In 
April,  1917,  upon  receiving  news  of  our  entry  into  the  war. 

Lltliuanian  Republic — In  January,  1918,  a  Congress  of  Lithuanians,  at  Vilna,  declared  for  a  Lith- 
unuian  Republic,  reaffirming  the  independence  declaration  made  there  first  in  1905,  and  again  in  October, 

1917.  On  March  13-14,  191S,  Lithuanians  in  convention  at  New  York  proclaimed  an  Independent  Lith- 
uanian  Republic.    A  republic  was  recognized  by  Germany,  March  23,  1918,  and  the  Kaiser,  on  May  12, 

1918,  issued  a  proclamation  to  that  effect.  This  was  followed  by  the  organization  of  a  provisional  Lith- 
uanian Government.  The  Independent  Lithuanian  Republic  comprises  more  than  old  Samogitia.  which 
was  on  the  Baltic  border.  Lithuania  was  overswept  in  1915  by  the  Germans,  who  refused  to  give  it  up 
when  they  made  their  treaties  of  peace  v/ith  Russia  and  Ukrainia.  Lithuania  has  an  area  of  132,000  square 
miles,  being  10,000  square  miles  greater  in  extent  than  New  Mexico.  It  Includes  the  provinces  of  Kovno, 
Vilna,  Suvalk,  bordering  on  Prussia;  a  pare  of  Russian  Poland,  and  parts  of  Grodno,  Moghilev,  Minsk  and 
Vitebsk,  and  has  an  estimated  population  of  7,000,000.  For  forty  years  before  the  present  war.  the  Rus- 
sian Government  had  a  ban  on  the  Lithuanian  language  in  public  places.  Including  courts,  railroad  sta- 
tions, schools  and  churches.  The  dissemination  of  Lithuanian  boolis,  pamphlets,  papers  and  periodicals 
was  forbidden.  Now  and  then,  printed  matter  in  the  Lithuanian  language  was  stocked  in  the  market  places 
In  Vilna,  the  capital,  and  burned.  In  1897,  the  German  Emperor  began  the  same  course,  but  abandoned 
It  on  May  7.  1904,  after  which  the  language  spread  to  most  of  the  Lithuanian  schools  of  all  grades. 

According  to  some  historians,  among  them  Dr.  John  Szlupas,  a  member  of  the  Lithuanian  Society  of 
Science,  now  an  American  citizen,  of  Scranton,  Pa.,  that  race  was  divided  In  the  tenth  century  into  three 
main  branches,  the  first  of  which,  the  Borus-sians,  or  Prussians,  gave  the  name  to  Prussia.  The  second 
branch,  the  Letts,  went  north,  settling  on  the  Baltic,  in  the  region  afterwards  known  as  Livonia.  Later 
they  were  subjugated  by  the  Germans.  The  third  branch,  the  Lithuanian  proper,  Joined  with  the  Samo- 
gltlans  in  forming  an  Independent  state  and  were  almost  continuously  at  war  with  the  Slavs  around  them, 
particularly  to  the  north  and  east.  Mendowe,  the  first  Christian  King  of  IJthuania,  was  assassinated  in 
1263.    On  February  14.  1386,  Joglello,  King  of  Lithuania,  was  crowned  King  ol  Poland,  having  married 


616  War  Cyclopedia— Continued. 

the  Queen  of  that  country,  Yadviga.  At  that  time,  TJItb\iania,  extended  trom  the  Danube  to  the  BJacli 
Sea  and  thence  to  the  Sea  of  Azov.  In  1569,  IJthuania  ceased  to  be  a  grand  principality  and  was  incor- 
porated with  the  Kingdom  of  Poland.  The  area  of  Lithuania  at  the  time  of  the  partition  of  Poland  was 
approximately  100,000  square  miles.  The  country  is  level  and  lor  centuries  has  been  fitted  for  grazing 
and  has  abounded  In  timber.  The  Lithuanians,  the  Letts,  and  the  Prussians,  form  a  separate  division  Oi 
the  Aryan,  or  Indo-European  stock.  Middle  Age  Lithuania  took  in  Little  Russia  and  e,xtended  from  the 
cities  of  Orel,  Kursk,  Kharkov,  Poltava,  and  Ekaterinoslav  on  tlie  east,  to  Odessa  on  the  Black  Sea,  and, 
was  bounded  on  the  west  by  Bessarabia,  Gallcia,  Poland,  and  Courland.  Dr.  Szlupas  says  that  the  Lith- 
uanians are  descendants  of  the  race  known  in  the  Bible  a.i  Hittites.  They  are  fair  in  complexion,  tall  and 
sturdy,  and  have  never  been  Inclined  to  segregate  Into  large  communities. 

Lusitania — About  2  P.  M.,  on  May  7,  1915,  the  Cunard  liner  Lusitania,  on  a  voyage  from  New  Yort. 
With  1,918  persons  on  board,  was  sunk  without  notice  by  the  German  submarine  U  39,  ten  miles  off  Old  Head 
of  Klnsale.  The  vessel  went  down  twenty-one  minutes  after  the  attack,  with  loss  of  1,154  lives,  including 
men,  women,  and  children,  of  whom  114  were  Americans.  The  Berlin  Government  at  first  .asserted  that 
the  Lusitania  was  armed.  The  essence  of  the  Lusitania  ca.se  was  stated  by  our  Government  in  it«  note  of 
June  9,  as  follo^vs:  "Whatever  be  the  other  facts  regarding  the  Lusitania,  the  principal  fact  is  that  a  great 
Steamer,  primarily  and  chiefly  a  conveyance  for  passengers,  and  carrying  more  than  a  thousand  souls  who 
had  no  part  or  lot  in  the  conduct  of  the  war.  was  sunk  without  so  much  as  a  challenge  or  a  warning,  and 
that  men,  women,  and  children  were  sent  to  their  death  in  circumstances  unparalleled  in  modern  war- 
fare.'' 

There  were  three  American  notes  to  Germany  upon  the  Lusitania  sinking.  In  the  first.  May  1.3,  1916, 
occurs  the  expression.  "The  Imperial  German  Government  will  not  expect  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  to  omit  any  word  or  any  act"  and  the  contention  la  advanced  that  it  Is  Impossible  to  conduct  sub- 
marine warfare  against  commerce  conformably  with  International  law.  In  the  second,  June  9,  occurs  thp 
statement  that  ."the  Government  of  the  United  States  is  contending  for  something  much  greater  than 
mere. rights  of  property  or  privileges  of  commerce.  It  Is  contending  for  nothing  less  high  and  sacred  than 
the  rights  of  humanity."  In  the  third,  July  21,  it  is  asserted  that  "the  events  of  the  past  two  months  have 
clearly  indicated  that  it  is  possible  and  practicable  to  conduct  *  •  •  submarine  operations  *  *  *  within  the 
so-called  war  zone  in  substantial  accord  with  the  accepted  practices  of  regulated  warfare."  This  note 
closes  with  the  statement  that  "the  repetition"  of  certain  acts  "must  be  regarded  by  the  Government  of 
the  United  States,  when  they  affect  American  citizens,  as  deUberatcly  unfriendly. ' 

On  May  1,  1915,  the  day  on  which  the  Lusitania  sailed  on  her  last  voyage,  various  New  yorh  morn- 
ing papers  contained  the  following  advertisement:  Notice — Travellers  intending  to  embark  on  the  At- 
lantic voyage  are  reminded  that  a  state  of  v?ar  exists  between  Germany  and  her  allies  and  Great  Britain 
and  her  allies;  tliat  the  zone  of  war  includes  the  waters  adjacent  to  the  British  Isles;  that  In  accordance 
with  formal  notice  ^ven  by  the  Imperial  German  Government,  vessels  flying  the  flag  of  Great  Britam. 
or  of  any  of  her  allies,  are  liable  to  destruction  in  those  waters;  and  that  travellers  sailing  in  the  war  zone 
on  ships  of  Great  Britain  or  her  allies  do  so  at  their  own  risk. — Imperial  German  Eraba.ssy,  Washington, 
D.  C,.  Aprii  22,  1915.  In  lt5?  first  Lusitania  note  (May  13,  1915)  the  United  States  State  Department  re- 
ferred to  "the  surprising  irregularity  of  a  communication  from  the  Imperial  German  Embassy  at  Wash- 
ington addressed  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  through  the  nevspapers,"  and  it  continued,  "no  warn- 
ing that  an  unlawful  and  Inhumane  act  will  be  committed  can  possibly  be  accepted  as  an  excuse  or  pallia- 
tion for  that  act." 

Luxemburg — A  State  lying  between  France,  Belgium,  and  Germany,  which,  in  1814,  was  formed 
Intd  a  grand  duchy  under  the  King  of  the  Netherlands  and  in  1867  was  made  Independent  and  like  Bel- 
giimi  neutralized  by  a  conference  of  the  powers.  When,  in  1914,  Germany  demanded  free  passage  through 
Belgium  for  her  armies  she  made  the  same  demand  upon  Luxemburg;  the  verbal  protest  of  the  Grand 
liuchess  was  in  vain,  for  the  duchy  possessed  no  means  of  defense.  ,         ,      „ 

.  .  Machine  Gun  Company — A  machine  gun  company  in  the  United  States  AHny  haa  six  officers  .ino 
172  men.  It  consists  of  the  headquarters  (three  officers  and  twenty-one  men),  three  platoons  (each  with 
one  bfBcer  and  forty-six  men),  and  a  train  (thirteen  men).  Its  armament  is  twelve  machine  guns  of  heavy 
type  and  four  Spare  guns.  The  present  war  has  seen  a  great  Increase  .in  the  number  and  use  of  maohlne 
guns.  In  trench  fighting,  armored  motor  cars,  aircraft,  etc,,  .ind  a  multiplication  of  types,  including  light 
guns  portable  by  one  man  (the  Lewis  gun).  ,     ,  „    '  ,  . 

Marine  Corps — An  independent  branch  of  the  military  service  of  the  United  States,  used  m  garri- 
soning navy  yards  and  naval  stations  at  home  and  In  performing  many  dirties  beyond  the  seas;  landing,  for 
instance,  in  case  of  disturbance  in  foreign  countries  to  protect  American  Interests  and  to  guard  our  embassies 
and  legations.  It  serves  generally  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  But  the  corps  n.ay  be 
detached  by  order  of  the  President  lor  service  with  the  Army 

Marine  League — The  distance  from  shore  over  which,  by  a  rule  of  inteniatlonal  law,  a  State  is  en- 
titled to  exercise  Jurisdiction.  The  rule,  which  was  originally  based  oh  the  fact  that  a  cannon  shot  carried 
thi-ce  miles,  is  not  strictly  applied  in  the  ease  of  arms  of  the  sea,  like  the  Delawaie  and  Chesapeake  Bays. 
These  are  regarded  by  the  United  States  as  a  part  of  its  territorial  dominion.  The  jurisdiction  which  a  Slate 
may  exercise  over  the  waters  within  a  marine  league  of  its  shores  is  limited  by  the  right  of  innocent  pae- 
eage;  that  is,  the  right  of  foreign  vessels  to  pass  through  these  waters  if  they  conduct  themselves  peaceably. 

Marnc — A  French  river  north  and  east  of  Paris  flowing  into  the  Seine.  On  September  3,  1914,  the 
Germtos  crossed  the  Marne  in  their  drive  toward  Paris.  September  6  the  French  and  British  forces,  under 
Gen.  Joffre  and  Gen.  Sir  John  French,  drove  the  Teutons  back  across  the  river  in  a  four-day  battle.  This 
area  was  agalu  taken  by  the  Germans,  then  reconquered  early  In  the  FaU  of  1918.        „      ,        ,      , 

Mazurian  Lakes — A  series  of  lakes  in  East  Prussia,  which  was  invaded  by  the  Russians  m  August, 
1914.  The  Russian  advance  was  checked  at  Tannenberg,  August  26-31;  in  January.  1915,  the  invasion 
was  resumed,  the  Russian  armies  crossing  the  lake  region  while  the  waters  were  frozen;  on  February  4  the 
KUflsians  began  a  retteat.  , .     ,  ,  .,,.,..,,.■. 

Medical  Department — In  the  United  States  Army  this  department  is  composed  of  the  Medical 
Corp4  (surgeons,  etc.,  regularly  commissioned),  the  Dental  Corps,  the  Veterinary  Corps,  the  Nurse  Corps, 
and  ah  enlisted  force,  Which  may  be  enlarged  to  meet  the  advancing  needs  of  the  service. 

Metz— The  City  of  Metz  (population,  1900,  was  68,424),,  chief  commimity  in  the  Lorraine  district, 
was  an  important  military  station  of  the  Romans.  Under  Franklsh  rule  it  was  the  capital  of  Austrasia. 
It  lies  afrthe  Junction  of.  the  Moselle  and  Seille  Rivers,  eighty  miles  northwest  of  Strassburg  (capital  of 
Alsace-Lorraine),  and  170  miles  east  of  Paris.  The  new  part  of  the  city  is  built  on  islands  in  an  arm  of 
the  Moselle.  The  Cathedral  of  St.  Stephen  stands  on  an  eminence.  It  was  begun  in  the  thirteenth  century. 
When  the  Kingdom  of  the  Pranks  went  to  pieces  Metz  fell  to  the  Germans,  and  was  a  free  impena!  city 
from  the  start  of  the  thditeenth  century  until  1552,  when  it  was  occupied  by  France,  under  Henry  II.  Mets 
was  a  French  possession  until  October  27,  1870,  when  it  was  sui-rendered  by  Gen.  Bazalne  to  Germany, 
being  at  that  time  capital  of  the  Department  of  the  Mofselle.  It  was  at  Metz  that  the  Emperor,  Charles 
rV.,  issued  the  Golden  Bull,  in  1356.  Metz  was  the  first  German  city  against  which  the  First  American 
Army,  under  Gen.  Pershing,  directed  its  arms,  in  September,  1918.  For  years  it  was  considered  ouc  ol 
the  strong  places  of  Germany,  being  encircled  by  a  dozen  forts.  The  Lorraine  regions  contains  about  S.CHMJ 
square  miles;  about  three-fourths  was  French,  prior  to  the  present  war;  and  at  the  time  of  the  French  Revo- 
lution It  was  the  Province  of  Lorraine-et-Barrois,  formed  out  of  the  old  Duchy  of  Lorraine,  the  Duciiy  oi 
Bar.  and  other  districts.    The  name  "Lorraine"  is  from  the  L.<i,t!n  "Lotharingia,"  the  "Kingdom  of  Lotnair, 


War  Cyclopedia—Conlinued.  617 


Inherited  by  Lothair  II.  in  855,  great-graudsou  of  Charles  the  Great.  The  lower  part  of  old  Lorraine  later 
became  Brabant.  The  dukes  of  Lorraine  had  their  capital  at  Nancy.  German  Lorraine  and  Metz  were 
formally  ceded  by  France  to  Germany  In  1871. 

Mines,  Marine — An  underwater  explosive  device  used  for  the  Injury  of  shipping  at  sea;  of  two  types 
(1)  automatic,  which  explodes  upon  contact,  and  may  be  either  anchored  or  drifting,  and  (2)  controlled" 
which  can  be  exploded  only  by  action  at  the  keyboard  of  the  control  station. 

Mine  Sweepers — Vessels  engaged  in  deteotingand  removing  mines  laid  by  the  enemy."' Ordinarily 
two  small  vessels  patrol  the  mined  area  abreast,  dragging  a  wire  cable  with  an  end  on  each  vessel.  The 
mines  are  caught  or  swept  by  the  cable  and  are  then  destroyed. 

Mustard  Gas-^A  compound  chemically  known  as  dichlorethyl  sulfide.  It  is  called  "mustard"  because 
of  its  strong,  pungent  odor,  and  to  the  Germans  it  is  officially  known  as  Yellow  Cross  gas.  as  the  shells  are 
all  marked  with  yellow  crosses  and  bauds.  Although  the  effects  are  not  often  deadly,  it  is  an  effective 
agent  on  account  of  its  slow  and  insidious  method  of  poisoning.  The  odor  of  mustard  indicates  danger. 
but  is  not  in  itself  uncomfortable  until  it  causes  the  nose  and  throat  to  become  irritated.  If  properly  pro^ 
tected  there  will  be  no  further  bad  effects.  In  extreme  cases  the  eyes  and  lids  become  inflamed  and  blistereti. 
and  severe  inflammation"  in  the  lungs  results  in  bronchitis  and  even  pneumonia.  The  after  effects  of  the 
poisoning  lay  one  up  for  several  weeks,  but  seldom  result  in  death.  The  gas  lingers  in  dugouts  for  days. 
and  has  to  be  forced  out  by  means  of  fires  and  fans.  In  this  connection  a  captured  German  document 
states  that  "gas  poisoning  still  occurred  among  those  who  took  oft"  their  masks  after  wearing  them  for  twelve 
hours." 

National  Army — The  largest  element  in  the  army  of  the  United  States,  consisting  of  those  young  men 
selected  for  national  service  under  the  acts  of  1917  and  1918. 

National  Guard — The  organized  militia,  or  national  guard,  as  maintained  by  the  States  for  local 
potection  in  time  of  peace,  was  made  subject  to  draft  into  the  national  service  by  the  National  Defer:,^;i 
Act  of  June  3,  1916.  On  August  5,  1917,  the  whole  national  guard,  450,000  men,  was  drafted  Into  Fedem.l 
sen'ice  and  ordered  to  sixteen  cantonments.'  The  national  guard  was  "federalized"  by  Section  76  of  thi; 
National  Defense  Act  In  these  words:  "When  Congress  shall  have  authorised  the  use  *  *  *  of  forces  *  *  » 
in  excess  of  those  of  the  regular  army  *  *  *  the  President  *  *  ♦  may  draft  into  the  military  service  ct 
the  XJuiled  States  *  *  *  any  or  all  members  of  the  national  guard,"  who  shall  thereupon  "stand  discharg<^d 
from  the  militia." 

Naval  Militia — An  arm  of  the  State  militia  recognized  by  the  National  Defense  Act  of  1916.  At  the 
outbreak  of  war  with  Germany  this  body  was  brought  into  the  national  service  and  became  the  national 
naval  volunteers. 

National  Reserve — Subdivided  into  four  classes  of  men,  eligible  and  fitted  for  special  duties  in  tin^n 
of  war:  The  fleet  naval  reserve,  made  up  of  those  who  have  received  naval  training  and  whose  war-duty 
assignment  would  naturally  be  on  vessels  of  the  fleet.  Enrolment  in  the  fleet  naval  reserve  is  for  a  period  of 
four  years,  but  in  time  of  peace  a  member  may  be  discharged  upon  request.  In  time  of  war  a  member  c( 
the  fleet  reserve  is  obligated  to  serve  throughout  the  war.  The  naval  auxiliary  reserve  is  composed  of  sen- 
faring  men  with  experience  on  merchant  ships.  These  men  are  ordered  to  duty  on  auxiliary  vessels  of  the 
navy.  To  be  eligible  as  an  oflflcer  in  this  class  the  applicant  mtist  have  had  not  less  than  two  years'  ex- 
perience as  a  watch  officer  on  a  lake  or  ocean-going  vessel  and  possess  the  other  usual  qualifications.  The 
naval  coast  defense  reserve  is  composed  of  citizens  of  the  United  States  whose  technical  and  practical  edu- 
cation has  been  siioh  as  peculiarly  to  fit  them  for  the  many  positions  in  navy  yards,  administrative  offices 
on  patrol  vessels,  and  various  other  branches  of  the  navy  at  sea  and  ashore.  A  great  number  of  collegs 
men,  fishermen,  old  sailors,  and  men  with  business  experience  are  enrolled  in  this  branch  of  the  naval  re- 
serve force.  The  naval  reserve  flying  corps  is  composed  of  qualified  aviators,  or  persons  skilled  in  the  de- 
sign, operation,  or  building  of  aircraft.  An  officer  of  this  class  must  be  a  quatifled  aviator,  though  he  need 
not  be  a  licensed  air  pilot. 

Naval  War  College — An  advanced  institution,  located  at  Newpv'irt,  R.  I.,  for  the  training  of  selected 
navy  officers  in  the  study  of  problems  of  naval  warfare  and  the  development  of  plans  for  naval  operations. 

Navy — The  relative  size  in  tons  of  the  naval  forces  of  the  principal  nations  of  the  world  on  July  1, 
1914,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  was  as  follows: 

Great  Britain 2,158,250 

Germany 951,713 

United  States 774,353 

France 665,748 


Japan 519,640 

Italy 285,46 

Russia 270,861 

Austria-Hungary 221,52 

The  United  States  navy,  on  July  1,  1914,  included  these  completed  ships  in  service:  Eight  dread- 
naught  battle,?hii^.  twenty -<  wo  pre-dreadnaughts,  twenty-five  cruisers,  fifty-one  torpedo-boat  destroyers, 
thirteen  torpedo  lioat-s,  and  thirty  submarines.  "We  had  at  that  date  a  n.aval  strength  of  66,273  officers  and 
enlisted  men. 

Officers'  Reserve  Corps — A  corps  of  the  regular  army  established  by  the  National  Defense  Act  of 
1916,  in  answer  to  obvioas  needs  and  suggested  by  European  example.  It  is  for  the  purpose,  as  stated  in 
the  law,  "of  securing  a  reserve  of  officers  available  for  service  as  temporary  officers  in  the  regular  army, 
as  officers  of  the  quartermaster  corps  and  other  staff  corps  and  departments,  as  officers  for  recruit  Tendez- 
voiis  and  depots,  and  as  officers  of  volunteers."  These  reserves,  covering  every  branch  of  the  service,  are 
made  subject  to  duty  only  in  time  of  war.  The  number  admitted  to  the  corps  may  not  exceed  the  number 
of  officers  of  corresponding  grades  in  the  regular  army,  with  the  exception  that  an  unlimited  number  may 
be  appointed  to  the  lowest  authorized  grade  for  use  by  promotion  at  need. 

Officers'  Training  Camps — Announcement  was  made  two  weeks  after  the  declaration  of  war  of  the 
Institution  of  sixteen  camps  in  various  parts  of  the  country  for  the  training  of  officers  for  the  new  army. 
These  camps  opened  on  May  15,  1917,  with  about  40,000  men  enrolled. 

"Open-door"  Policy — Name  given  to  the  American  policy  in  China  and  the  Orient  by  John  Hay, 
Secretary  of  State,  after  the  Boxer  uprising,  1900.  His  view,  to  which  all  of  the  powers  concerned  in  China 
flnallv  adhered,  was  that  no  exclusive  privilege  should  be  sought  or  acquired  by  any  single  nation,  but  that 
whatever  waa  granted  to  one  must  be  allowed  to  all  other  powers  upon  similar  terms.  American  commer- 
cial treaties  had  long  been  based  upon  this  principle  through  the  "most-favored-nation"  clause. 

Ordnance  Department — The  most  of  what  is  not  supplied  to  the  army  by  the  quartermaster  s  de- 
partment comes  to  it  through  the  ordnance  department.  The.sp  are  the  two  main  rhannels  through  which 
19  received  what  i.s  necessary  for  the  prosecution  of  a  war.  The  quartermaster  general  subsists  and  .attends 
to  the  material  wants  of  the  soldier;  the  chief  of  ordnance  furnishes  him  with  the  powder  and  ball,  the  gtina 
and  military  equipment  he  fights  with,  and  puts  at  his  hand  what  he  needs  in  inosecuting  the  business  for 
Which  he  Is  sustained.  Arsenals,  armorle?,  munition  factories,  when  these  are  taken  over  for  Government 
use,  fall  under  the  administration  of  the  ordnance  department.  This  bureau  contracts  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  arms,  large  and  small,  horse  equipment,  gun  mounts,  etc.  .,,,„,  ,. 

Palestine — A  province  of  the  Turkish  Empire,  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  Mediterranean,  where  a 
vaaion 
throui 

and' Jaffa.    JerttsaYenTwas  surretTdered  to  the  British  on  December  9,  1917.  ,  _,  ^„.  -,..„.„   ,„  ia-n 

Panama  Cannf— The  Clayton-Biilwor  treaty,  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  In  1850, 


618  "War  Cydo'pedia — Continued. 

?rovl<Jed  for  an  Isthmian  canal  to  be  constructed  by  a  private  corporation  under  international  control.  Id 
880  President  Hayes  announced  that  any  canal  between  the  two  oceans  must  l)e  under  American  control. 
Secretary  Hay  negotiated  with  England,  in  1901,  the  Hay-Paunoefote  treaty,  which  abrogated  the  Clay- 
ton-Bulwer  treaty  and  recognized  the  exclusive  right  of  the  United  States  to  construct  and  manage  a  canal, 
and  placed  the  canal  "politically  as  well  as  commercially  under  the  absolute  control  of  the  United  St.-ites," 
The  canal  was  opened  to  commerce.  Informally,  August  15,  1914.    It  is  fortified. 

Pan -Germanism — The  aspiration  that  all  Eiu'opean  people  of  CJermanic  stock  may  be  united  under 
a  single  flag.    The  Pan-German  League  was  organized  in  1890. 

Plave — A  river  of  considerable  size  in  northern  Italy,  on  which  the  Italian  army  took  its  st.nnd  In 
November,  1917,  following  the  retreat  from  the  Isonzo,  and  where  the  Austrians  were  defeated  and  driven 
back  in  the  summer  of  1918. 

Petrograd — Formerly  St.  Petersburg;  the  capital  of  Russia,  situated  near  the  Baltic  in  the  north- 
west corner  of  the  State.  Population  (1912)  2.018,596;  founded  by  Peter  the  Great  in  1703.  It  has  alwaya 
been  the  city  of  the  aristocracy  and  bureaucracy  and  is  said  to  be  less  Russian  than  any  other  city  In  Russia. 
Petrograd  became  tiie  centre  of  extreme  radicalism  in  Russia,  and  it  was  there  that  the  revolutions  of  March 
and  November,  1917,  started. 

"Place  in  the  Sun" — Phrase  used  by  William  II.  on  June  18,  1901,  at  Hamburg,  in  referring  to  Ger- 
many's acquisition  of  the  Chinese  harbor  at  Kiaochow  and  other  valuable  commercial  concessions  In  China. 
"In  spite  of  the  fact  that  we  have  no  such  fleet  as  we  should  have,  we  have  conquered  for  oiu'selves  a  place 
in  the  s\m.  It  will  now  be  my  place  to  see  to  it  that  this  place  in  the  sun  shall  remain  our  iindisputcd  pos- 
session, in  order  that  the  .sun's  rays  may  tall  fruitfully  upon  our  activity  and  trade  in- foreign  parts." 

"Pollu" — Tlie  word  used  by  the  French  people  to  designate  their  soldiers  in  the  present  war.  The 
term  comes  from  the  French  word  poll,  meaning  hair,  especially  the  hair  or  fur  of  animals  or  the  hair  or 
beard  of  man.  Hence  it  is  commonly  *uppo.sed  that  the  terra  poilu  came  to  be  applied  to  the  French  sol- 
diers because  when  they  were  in  the  trenches  they  did  not  shave,  as  the  British  soldiers  did.  The  French 
soldier  was  homme  poilu,  bearded  man. 

Poland — In  November,  1916,  the  Russian  Provi.sional  Government  appointed  a  Provisional  Council 
of  State  for  Poland  and  promised  the  restoration  of  that  country  on  racial  and  geographical  borders,  with 
self-government.  Meantime,  all  of  Russian  Poland  had  been  captured  and  occupied  by  the  Germans,  who 
set  up  a  Regency  Council  over  the  counti-y  December,  1916.  On  September  12,  1917,  the  Germans  granted 
Poland  a  temporary  constitution.  On  April  5,  1918,  a  new  cabinet  was  appointed,  headed  by  M.  Steoz- 
kowsM.  Poland  (in  Polish-Polska,  or  'flat  land")  forms  the  extreme  western  part  of  the  late  imperial  Rus- 
sian dominions,  and  Juts  out  into  the  central  part  of  Europe,  south  of  East  Prussia,  east  of  Silesiau  Prussia, 
and  north  of  Galician  Aaslria.  It  had,  under  Russian  government,  at  the  outbreak  of  hostilities,  49,000 
square  miles,  and  9,000,000  population — a  plains  .state,  not  quite  as  large  as  Iowa.  Poland,  early  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  contained  375,000  square  miles,  extending  from  Hungary  and  Tiu-key  to  the  Baltic, 
with  its  caoital  at  Warsaw,  and  including  in  the  kingdom  West  Prussia,  the  Red  Russian  portion  of  Giilicia, 
the  Ukraine,  Lithuania,  and  Livonia.    Lithuania  was  incorporated  in  1569. 

Polish  People,  Racially — The  Poles  are  Slavs.  Poland,  a  section  of  ancient  Sarmatia,  was  a  duchy 
in  the  sixth  century  and  a  kingdom  about  the  year  992.  The  Samatians  originally  inhabited  all  of  Huasia 
from  the  Caspian  Sea  to  tiie  Vistula,  and  often  raided  the  old  Roman  empire.  They  conquered  European 
Scj^thia,  north  of  the  Black  Pea.  The  Scythians  were  a  mixture  of  Asian  Arj-ans  and  Mongols,  who  over- 
ran Eastern  Europe,  but  vanished  as  a  governing  race  about  100  B.  C.  The  Sarmatians  were  subjiigated 
by  the  Goths  in  tlie  tlilrd  and  fourth  centuries,  but  joined  the  Huns  and  other  barbarians  in  invading  West- 
ern Europe  In  the  fifth  century.  At  the  height  of  its  power,  the  kingdom  of  Poland  was  700  miles  square. 
The  kings  wore  elected  for  life  by  a  general  diet  of  the  "republic."  Internal  dissensions  aided  Russia 
Austria  and  Prussia  in  dividing  up  Poland  among  themselves,  on  three  occasions.  1772  to  1795,  in  which 
latter  year  the  last  Polish  king,  Stanislaus  II.,  resigned  the  crown.  The  respective  shares  of  Poland  taken 
by  her  thi-eo  conquerors  were,  in  square  miles:  Russia,  42,000,  96,000,  43,000;  Prussia,  13,500,  22,000. 
21,000;  Austria,  27,000,  none,  18,000.  Thus  Austria  got  part  of  Little  Poland,  and  the  greater  part  of  Red 
Rassla  and  Padolio,  which  last  named  became  the  kingdom  of  Galicia-  Prussia  got  Great  Poland,  Polish 
Prussia,  and  a  small  part  of  Lithuania  and  Podlachia,  and  Russia  got  Samogltia,  the  rest  of  Lithuania,  Vol- 
hynia  and  Podolio.  Samagitla  was  that  section  of  Lithuania  bordering  on  the  Baltic,  now  part  of  Kovno, 
Courland,  and  East  Prussia.  In  1791  the  Polish  Diet  tjhanged  the  constitution,  so  that  kings  were  no 
longer  to  be  elected  by  the  people,  but  the  kingship  was  to  be  hereditary  in  the  House  of  Saxony.  The 
Empress  of  Russia's  forces  overthrew  the  new  constitution.  Stanislaus  II.  (Augustus  Ponlatowski)  abdicated 
at  Grodno,  1795,  and  died  a  state  prisoner,  at  St.  Petersburg,  February  12,  1798.  France,  in  1806,  got  the 
Prussian  part  of  Poland,  and,  by  the  Treaty  of  Tilsit,  it  was  given  to  Saxony,  to  be  held  as  the  Duchy  of 
Warsaw. 

In  1815  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  following  the  Battle  of  Waterloo  (than  called  by  the  Germans  the  Battle 
of  Belle  Alliance),  reunited  the  Duchy  of  Warsaw  to  Russia  (except  the  province  ot  Posen,  which  reverted 
to  Prussia),  and  the  Emperor  of  Russia  assumed  the  title  of  King  of  Poland.' 

Some  time  before  the  fall  -f  Ponlatowski,  the  Polish  patriot,  Kosciusko,  came  to  America  and  served 
thi-oughout  the  Revolution.  ]  i  returned  to  Poland  and  headed  an  unsuccessful  revolt  in  1794,  was  cap- 
tured by  Russia,  was  freed  by  i-ne  Emperor  Paul  in  1796,  and  died  in  Switzerland,  aged  eighty-one,  in  1817. 
Another  rebellion  occurred  in  Poland  in  1831,  which  failed,  and  in  1832,  by  a  ukase,  the  Kingdom  of  Poland 
became  an  integral  part  of  the  Russian  Empire.  In  1846,  the  treaty  of  1815,  under  which  Cracow  had  be- 
come free,  was  revoked  by  Russia,  Prussia  and  Austria,  and  Cracow  was  declared  Austrian  territory.  This 
was  protested  in  vain  by  England,  France,  Sweden  and  Turlcey.  From  1847  to  1868  the  Poles  engaged  in 
several  revolts.  Russian  Poland  had  its  own  constitution  from  1815  to  1830,  and  a  separate  government 
until  1864.  In  1868  the  country  was,  by  ukase,  put  absolutely  under  Russian  laws,  and  the  use  of  the 
Polish  languages  in  public  places  was  prohibited.  This  prohibition  was  extended  to  the  use  of  Polish  in  the 
law  courts  and  other  public  offices  in  1876.     In  1885  over  35,000  Poles  were  expelled  from  Prussia. 

President,  Control  of  Foreign  Relations — He  is  the  sole  organ  of  intercourse  with  foreign  nations.  He 
receives  ambassadors  and  other  public  ministers,  nominates  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  this  country, 
recognizes  new  states  and  governments,  and  negotiates  all  treaties.  But  before  a  treaty  can  be  "made 
it  must  receive  the  consent  Of  the  Senate,  "two-thirds  of  the  Senators  present  concurring,"  while  all  diplo- 
matic appointments  are  also  subject  to  its  veto.  The  power  of  declaring  war  belongs  to  Congress,  which 
also  controls  the  purse.  The  President  Is  commander  in  chief  of  the  army  and  navy.  Kis  powers  as  such 
are  primarily  those  of  military  command  and  include  the  right  to  dispose  the  national  forces  where  they  can 
be  used  to  best  advantage.  In  the  War  of  1812,  in  the  I^Iexlcan  War,  in  the  Spanish  War,  in  the  Boxer 
rebellion,  and  recently  in  Mexico,  American  troops  were  sent  to  fight  on  foreign  soil.  In  the  words  of 
Chief  Justice  Taney,  the  President  as  commander  in  chief  is  "authorized  to  employ"  the  military  and  naval 
forces  of  the  United  States  "in  the  manner  he  may  deem  most  effectual  to  harass  asd  conquer  and  subdue 
the  enemy." 

Prize  Courts — Courts  dealing  with  property  captured  in  time  of  war.  No  title  can  be  secured  by  the 
captor  of  maritime  property  unless  a  prize  court  pass  upon  it.  Prize  courts  may  be  special  courts,  or  ordin- 
ary courts  assigned  to  this  work.  At  present  United  States  district  courts  are  invested  with  the  power 
of  prize  courts,  with  appeal  to  the  supreme  court.  The  American  position  is  that  prize  coiu^s  administer 
international  law. 

Ouartermaster  Cori>s — Made  tip  of  a  large  number  of  officers,  at  the  Jift*i  af  w^iom  stands  a  (juar- 


War  Cyclopedia— Continued.  61(1 


termyster  gene.^il.    The  National  Defense  Act  of  1916  provided  for  an  eniisted  forca  of  about  8,000  met. 
a  limit  which  has  been  rapidly  advanced  to  meet  the  needs  the  corps  is  meant  to  serve.     It  is  tlic  suppi 
department  of  the  army,  providing  food,  horses,  vehicles,  transport,  clothing,  camp  equipage — in  effec'i 
nearly  everything  used  by  the  officers  and  men  on  the  material  side,  except  arms,  ammunition,  and  whu; 
may  be  required  for  the  hospital  service. 

.     Regiment — Companies  under  captains  are  combined  into  battalions;  and  battalions  under  majon- 
with  headquarters,  supply  and  macliine  gun  eomnanies,  are  combined  into  regiments  under  colonels.    Tii  ■ 
strength  of  an  infantry  regiment  is  103  officers  and  3,652  men;  of  a  light  artillery  regiment  (three-inch  guns, 
flfty-flve  officers  and  1,424  men;  of  a  heavy  field  artillery  regiment  (six-inch  howitzers),  sixty-three  officer: 
and  l,/03  men;  of  au  engineer  regiment,  forty  officers  and  1,G17  enlisted  men,  and  of  a  cavalry  regimen- 
flity-two  officers  and  1,539  men.    A  regiment  is  both  an  administrative  and  tactical  unit. 

Regular  Army — The  United  States  regular  army,  which  has  been  the  uucleus  for  all  national  mili- 
tary arrangements,  has  always  been  small.  In  time  of  peace,  since  the  end  of  the  Indian  wars,  it  has  had 
few  duties,  and  has  been  scattered  in  post  and  garrison  in  various  parts  of  the  continental  area  and  in  ou- 
insular  possessions.  Prior  to  the  passage  of  the  National  Defense  Act  of  June  3,  1916,  it  consisted  of  on!-,- 
5,014  commissioned  officers  and  92,973  enlisted  men,  which  included  about  6,000  so-called  Philippine  scouts 

Regular  Army  Reserves — To  obviate  the  disadvantages  and  dangers  in  the  past  from  the  practicii 
of  raising  the  regular  army  to\war  strength  at  need  by  the  enlistment  of  wholly  untrained  men,  a  reserve  forc.^ 
has  been  created.  Regular  army  service  is  now  for  seven  years,  three  years  on  active  duty  and  four  year.) 
^  on  furlough,  subject  to  Government  call,  unless  the  soldier  has  enlisted  "for  the  present  emergency"  onl-' 
In  case  of  great  proficiency,  an  enlisted  man  may  be  furloughed  to  the  resei-ve  after  one  year  of  active  seri  - 
ice.    The  assignment  to  duty  and  the  use  of  this  valuable  body  of  men  are  in  the  hands  of  the  President 

Rheints — A  town  of  northern  France,  famous  for  its  Gothic  cathedral  and  its  associations  with  Joan 
oi  Arc.  The  catiicdral  was  bombarded  by  the  German  army  in  September,  1914.  The  German  charge  that 
It  was  used  as  a  range-finding  point  for  French  artillery  was  denied  by  the  French  Government.  It  has  been 
repeatedly  bombarded  since  1914. 

Roumania — A  constitutional  monarchy  on  the  Blaclt  Sea;  capital,  Bucharest.  The  evacuation  of 
that  city  on  November  27,  1916,  caused  the  removal  of  the  capital  to  Jassy.  The  area  is  137,907  square  miles 
and  the  population  in  1913  was  7,509,009.  The  reigning  king,  Ferdinand,  nephew  of  Charles  I.  of  the  Houf.r; 
ol  HohenzoUern-Sigmarlngen,  came  to  the  throne  October  11,  1914.  The  queen,  Marie,  is  a  British  prin- 
cess, the  daughter  of  the  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.  On  August  27,  1916,  Roumania  declared  war  upon 
Austria-Hungary. 

Following  a  German  ultimatum  of  February  0,  1918,  Roumania  asked  for  peace,  and  signed  a  pre- 
liminary treaty  with  the  Central  Powers  on  March  5,  1918,  and  a  permanent  treaty  on  May  6,  at  Bucharest. 
Those  who  put  their  names  to  the  document  were:  Foreign  Secretary  von  Kiihlmann  for  Germany;  For- 
eign Secretary  Czernin  for  Austria-Hungary;  M.  Montscniloff,  Vice  President  of  the  Sobranje,  for  Bul- 
garia; Talaat  Paslia,  the  Grand  Vizier  for  Turkey,  and  M.  Cartentojana  for  Roumania.  The  ultimatum 
came  from  Field  Marshal  yon  Mackensen  and  demanded  that  peace  negotiations  be  started  within  four 
days  or  else  Roumania  would  be  destroyed  as  a  separate  state.  The  Roumanian  Cabinet  resigned,  and  « 
new  one  went  in,  with  Gen.  Averescu  a.s  premier.  On  March  5  a  second  ultimatum,  directed  to  the  king 
at  Jassy,  gave  Roumania  only  twonty-four  hours.  Thereupon  the  treaty,  as  offered  by  Germany,  wa'^ 
Signed  by  the  Roumanians,  who  had  been  abandoned  by  the  Russiaas  when  the  latter  made  a  truce  witti 
Germany  in  December,  1917.  Roumania  also  had  signed  that  truce,  one  result  of  which  was  the  with- 
drawal of  the  amjv  ol  450,000  Russians,  which  had  aided  180, 00()  armed  Roumanians  in  holding  the  eastern 
front,  from  the  Black  Sea  to  Bukowina.     Roumania's  occupation  of  Bessarabia  had  further  weakened  her, 

Hy  the  treaty,  Roumania  gave  up  to  Bulgaria  the  Dobrudja  region,  lying  between  the  Danube  River 
and  the  Black  Sea  and  having  an  area  of  4,000  square  miles.  This  district  belonged  to  Bulgaria  for  years, 
but  was  ceded  to  Roumania  in  1878  by  the  Treaty  of  Berlin,  when  Bulgaria  was  made  a  self-governing 
principality,  tributary  to  the  Turkish  sultan.  It  has  a  population  of  260,000,  including  Tartars,  Circas- 
sians, Turks,  Roumanians,  Greelis,  Armenians  and  Jews,  and  is  of  little  value  for  crops  or  live  stock;  but 
by  reason  of  location,  at  the  moutii  of  the  Danube  and  extending  along  the  south  side  of  that  river  for  many 
miles,  the  Dobrudja  strategically  controls  the  stream.  The  clause  in  the  treaty  of  1918,  providing  that 
Roumanian  Imports  and  exports  shall  go  to  or  from  the  Danube  by  way  of  Coustanza  (Kustendje),  which 
is  a  port  on  the  weetern  side  of  the  Black  Sea,  sixty  miles  south  of  the  Danube's  mouth,  cuts  out  a  large 
part  of  the  Roumanian  commerce  on  the  Danube  below  the  town  of  Rassova.  There  is  a  highway  from 
Rassova  to  Kustendje,  forty  miles.  It  Is  the  main  road  from  Bucharest  to  the  Black  Sea.  Also  by  the  treaty. 
Germany  and  Austria  got  control  of  the  wheat,  petroleum  and  salt  production  in  Roumania.  as  well  as  the 
.railways,  and  the  four  chief  passes  through  the  Carpathian  mountains.  Under  a  supplementary  agreement 
with  Roumania,  the  latter  loses  to  Hungary  hold  on  170  villages,  with  130,000  population,  outside  the 
Dobrudja. 

Russia — Three  countries  in  Europe  bore  the  name  of  Russia  some  hundreds  of  years  ago — Red  Russia, 
comprising  the  southern  part  of  Poland;  White  Russia,  whicli  was  the  east  part  of  Lithuania,  and  Black 
Russia,  composed  of  the  provinces  of  Kalouga,  Moscow,  Tula,  Rezan,  Volodimir  or  Vladimir,  and  laroslav 
or  Yaroslav.  The  name  "Russia"  is  commonly  derived  from  the  Roxolani,  a  Slavic  tribe.  "Muscovy" 
was  the  title  appaed  to  all  Russia  in  the  sixteenth  century,  derived  from  "Moscow" — the  second  syllable 
being  pronounced  "koe."  Practically  all  of  the  Russians  are  Slavs,  belonging  to  the  Slavonic  race,  which. 
in  preiiistoric  times  came,  as  Is  supposed,  from  Asia.  The  first  Identification  of  them  in  Europe,  by  a  writer, 
as  Slav's,  was  by  Procopius,  of  the  sixth  century,  who  called  the  inhabitants  of  Ru.ssla  (Scythians  and  Sar- 
matians)  "spor,"  the  Ante  Spots,  or  Antes,  living  in  East  Russia,  and  tlie  Slavspors  or  Slavs  in  West  Rus- 
sia. The  Scythians  are  known  to  have  lived  in  Northern  Europe  and  Asia  for  ages.  Tliey  swept  down 
over  Asia  Minor,  624  B.  C,  and  held  that  region  twenty-eight  years.  They  carried  their  conquests  Into 
Europe,  and  as  far  south  as  Egypt.  Tlie  Tartars,  or  Mongols,  or  Moguls,  were  known  lu  antiquity  in 
Euroiie  as  Scj-thians.  Under  the  name  of  Huns  they  invaded  Europe  from  Asia  in  the  thirteenth  century, 
under  Ogdai,  son  of  Genghis  Khan,  capturing  Pestli,  or  Budapesth,  In  Hungary,  on  Christmas,  1240, 
crossed  the  Danube  on  the  ice,  and  overran  Silesia,  in  southeast  Prussia.  The  Huns  were  swept  out  of 
Europe  in  1480.  The  first  capital  of  Russia  was  the  city  of  Novgorod,  103  miles  south-southeast  of  St. 
Petersburg,  on  the  River  Volkov,  near  Lake  Ibmen.  It  was  founded  by  Scandinavians,  led  by  Ruric,  in 
862  A.  D.  When  the  invaders  moved  south  they  removed  the  capital  to  Kiev,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rivtr 
Dnieper,  670  miles  south  of  St.  Petersburg,  and  it  remained  there  until  the  division  of  the  realm,  in  the 
middle  of  the  eleventh  century.  Vladimir,  on  the  River  Klyazma,  110  miles  east-northeast  of  Moscow. 
was  the  third  capital,  until  1328,  when  Moscow,  400  miles  southeast  of  Petrograd,  on  the  River  Moskva, 
became  the  seat  of  power.  It  is  In  the  centre  of  Russia  in  Europe.  In  1703  Peter  the  Great  built  the  city 
named  after  him  on  land  he  seized  from  Sweden  and  made  it  the  Russian  capital.  It  lies  at  the  east  end  cf 
the  Gulf  of  Finland,  on  the  River  Neva,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

Russian  Revolution  and  Collapse — The  Czar,  Nicholas,  was  forced  on  March  15,  1917,  to  abdicate. 
Authority  was  vested  by  the  Duma  in  a  provisional  government.  A  Russian  republic  was  proclaimed  on 
September  17,  1917.  Prince  George  Lvov  held  office  as  Prime  Minister  and  Minister  of  the  Interior  irom 
March  15  to  July  20.  Milyukov  was  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  and  Kerensky  for  Justice;  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  latter,  who  was  a  moderate  Socialist,  the  Ministry  was  composed  exclusively  of  Constitutional 
Democrats.  The  new  government  proclaimed  free  speech,  the  right  to  strike,  universal  suffrage  (includiui; 
woman  suffraep),  a  general  amnesty  for  all  political  prisonere  and  e.xilcs,  and  the  maintenance  of  existing 


6^0  War  Cyclopedia — Continued. 

■treaties.  A  constituent  assembly  was  promised  to  draw  up  a  permanent  constitution.  The  new  govern- 
ment was  opposed  at  every  step  by  the  "Soviet,"  or  Council  of  Workmen's  and  Soldiers'  Delegates,  at 
Petrograd,  which  called  itself  the  true  representative  of  Russia,  to  give  the  revolution  a  social  character. 
Kcrensky.  May  13,  succeeded  Gutchkov  as  Minister  of  War.  The  Bolshevik!  riot«d  at  Petrograd.  The 
Bolgheviki  leader,  Nikolai  Leuine,  returned  from  exile.  In  June,  1917,  Kronstadt  set  up  as  an  Independent 
ropublic.  recognizing  only  the  Petrograd  Soviet;  the  Ukraine  declared  its  independence,  and  Finland  took 
Fteps  to  restor.3  its  autonomy.  An  All-Russian  Congress  of  Workmen's  and  Soldiers'  Delegates,  sitting  in 
Petrograd,  abolished  the  Duma  as  a  stronghold  of  the  middle  classes.  On  July  1,  Gen.  Brussllov  started  an 
offensive  in  Galicia,  but  it  was  soon  converted  into  a  retreixt  by  Bols'ievikl  Intrigue.  Prince  Lvov  gave  way 
to  Kerensky,  who  set  up  a  n:.-w  MinistiT.  The  three  councils,  of  vorkmsn,  of  soldiers,  and  of  peas.onts, 
backed  Kerensky  and  voted  to  k  \^p  up  the  war.  Lealns  was  driven  into  hiding.  Kerensky  fonned  a  new 
Cabinet  on  August  7,  from  which  all  extreme  radicals  were  excli;ded.  On  August  26  an  extraordinary  nfilional 
congress,  convoked  by  Kerensiiy.  inst  in  Moscow.  Tne  capture  of  Riga  by  the  Germans,  September  3, 
caused  a  break  between  the  military  partj'  aiid  Kerensliy  On  September  9  Gen.  Kornilov,  who  had  suc- 
ceeded Brassilov  as  cornmander  in  chief,  attempted  a  co(i|)  d'etat,  which  failed.  A  democratic  congre.gs  called 
by  tlie  Central  Council  of  Workmen's  and  Soldiers'  Di'lesates  met  in  Moscow  on  September  27,  cal!?<l  for 
a  preliminary  parliament  ("temporary  coiwuil  of  the  Riis-sirin  republic")  to  act  until  the  constituent  assembly 
should  meet  in  December,  and  declared  .against  the  fonniug  of  a  coalition  Cabinet  without  the  sanction  of 
the  congress.  Kerensky  rejected  iis  control  and  proceeded  immediately  to  adniit  to  his  Cabinet  four  mem- 
bers of  the  Constitutional  Democratic  Party.  The  preliminary  parliament  began  its  sessions  in  the  last 
days  of  October,  in  depression  caused  by  the  German  capture  of  Oesel  and  Dag6,  islands  at  the  entrance 
to  1113  Gulf  of  Riga.  On  November  2,  Kerensky  in  an  interview  stated  that  Russia  had  done  her  work  in 
tiie  war  and  was  worn  out;  she  \vould  not  quit  the  conllict  but  was  in  great  need  of  help  from  the  Allies. 
Tiie  government  revoked  an  earlier  decision  to  remove  to  Moscow,  but  Petrograd  was  evacuated  by  .a  con- 
siderable part  of  its  civil  population.  Strikes,  food  riot.?,  and  street  demonstrations  again  broke  out  in  the 
capital.  Finally  the  Bolshcviki  won  over  the  Petrograd  g.o.rrlson  and  the  navy,  and  on  November  7  they 
tlrove  Kerensky  from  the  city.  The  Winter  Palace  was  defended  for  a  time  by  women  soldiers  (the  '  "Bat- 
taUon  of  Death"),  but  soon  the  government  buildings  w>^re  in  t.he  hands  of  tho  Bolsheviki  under  Lenine 
and  Trotzky. 

The  Bolshevikl  proclaimed  the  following  programme-:  (1)  offer  of  an  immediate  democratic  pcice; 
(2)  handing  over  of  the  large  estates  to  the  peasants:  (3)  transfer  of  all  authority  to  the  Council  of  Work- 
men's and  Soldiers'  Delegates;  (4)  an  honest  convocation  of  a  constituent  assembly.  Kerensky,  c.-siMping 
from  Petrograd,  placed  liimself  at  the  head  of  an  army,  but  was  defeated  by  the  defection  of  his  own  troops. 
For  some  days  student.s  of  the  military  schools  and  other  loyal  elements  battled  in  Petrograd  agair.st  the 
Bolshevikl.  The  latter  gained  control  of  Moscow,  after  fighting,  and  Kiev  and  otlier  large  Industrial  cities 
came  under  their  rule.  The  power  of  Kerensky  collapsed  and  he  disappeared  from  the  scene.  Tlie  Bolehe- 
viki  proclaimed  the  peasants  the  owners  of  the  lands  and  published  a  number  of  secret  treaties  and  diplo- 
matic letters  of  the  earlier  governments.  On  November  24  Trotzky  presented  his  proposal  for  a  general 
armistice.  He  declared  that  lie  spoke  as  commissioner  of  foreign  affairs  for  a  government  in  the  form  of  a 
council  of  national  commissioners,  founded  on  October  26,  and  headed  by  Ijenlne.  The  efforts  of  Gen. 
Dukhonin  (assassinated  December  14)  and  of  Gens.  Kaledlnes  and  Kornilov  to  resist  the  Bolshevikl  f.ailed. 
The  meeting  of  the  constituent  assembly,  set  for  December  11,  was  dispersed.  Antl-Bolshevlkl  newspapers 
were  suppressed,  German  agents  were  given  free  hand.  The  railways  workers,  who  controlled  the  transport 
Of  troops,  were  won  over.  Lenlnc's  policy  looked  toward  an  exclusively  proletarian  republic.  In  inter- 
views Trotzky  denied  that  liis  government  would  make  a  separate  peace,  but  orders  were  Issued  for  the 
reduction  of  the  Russian  arjnies.  On  December  15,  1917,  a  trace  with  Germany  was  signed,  with  pro%ision 
for  the  Immediate  opening  of  peace  negotiations,  without  participation  of  Russia's  allies.  After  several  hitches 
a  basis  of  peace  was  readied.  The  treaty  was  ratified  M.arch  16,  1918,  by  the  Russian  provisional  govern- 
ment, at  Moscow.  Russia  had  formally  withdrawn  from  the  war  on  February  10,  though  Its  Bolshevist 
leaders  refused  at  that  time  to  sign  a  treaty  with  the  Germans. 

In  the  treaty,  Ru.ssia  promised  to  cease  annoying  Ukrainia,  Persia,  Afglianlstan;  and  the  eastern  fron- 
tlei-s  of  Esthonia  and  Livonia  were  thus  described:  "Tho  eastern  frontier  of  Eathonia  follows  in  general 
the  line  of  the  Narova  River.  The  eastern  frontier  of  I^lvonla  runs  in  general  through  Pelpus  Lake  and 
Pskov  Lake  to  the  southeasterly  corner  of  the  latter,  then  over  Lubahner  (Luban)  Lake  in  the  direction  of 
Lievenhof,  on  the  Dvina." 

The  Soviets  authorized  a  decree,  published  on  February  3,  1918,  by  Lenine,  separating  Chm-ch  and 
State;  cutting  off  the  church  from  public  funds,  and  handing  over  to  the  state  the  legal  title  to  religious 
properties;  the  congregations  to  have  the  right,  however,  to  use  the  property  exclusively  for  religious  pur- 
poses; refusing  exemption  from  duties  as  citizens  on  account  of  religious  scruples;  cancelling  the  religious 
oath  and  replacing  it  by  a  promise;  authorizing  the  civil  authorities  to  perform  marriage  ceremonies  and 
register  births,  and  abolishing  religious  teaching  in  state  schools  and  in  private  schools  with  a  similar  course 
of  studies. 

Russia  proper,  under  the  German  peace  treaties  of  191S.  was  stripped  of  all  ports  and  provinces  on  the 
Baltic,  retaining  only  a  frontage  on  the  back  end  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  and  she  lost  also  all  her  frontage 
on  the  Black  Sea,  retaining  only  the  shore  of  the  Caspian.  In  1915  European  Russia,  exclusive  of  Poland 
and  the  Caucasus  and  Finland,  consisted  of  fifty-one  governments  and  provinces,  with  an  area  of  1,867,737 
square  miles  and  a  population  of  more  than  131,000,000.  In  that  year  Poland  was  estimated  to  have  12,- 
000,000  population  and  43,804  square  miles,  and  the  Caucasus,  or  Ciscaucasia,  had  nearly  6,000,000 
population  and  85,768  square  miles.  Russian  Poland  was  almost  as  large  as  Louisiana.  The  European 
Caucasus  was  larger  than  Idaho.  The  separation  of  the  Ukraine  took  away  109,000  square  miles  and  over 
21,000,000  population.  The  wresting  of  the  Baltic  provinces  took  away  more  than  10,000,000  popula- 
tion and  over  167,000  square  miles.  The  loss  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Finland  amounted  to  144,000  square 
miles  and  beyond  3,000,000  population. 

Russia's  Secret  Treaties — On  November  24,  1917,  the  Bolshevikl  government  revealed  certain  al- 
leged agi'eements  between  the  Entente  Powers  with  reference  to  the  settlement  at  the  end  of  the  war.  In 
case  Russia  gained  Constantinople  and  the  Dardanelles,  she  was  to  allow  the  freedom  of  passage  of  cargoes 
proceeding  to  other  than  Russian  ports.  Part  of  Arabia  was  to  be  under  a  separate  Mussulman  government, 
and  Britain  was  to  have  certain  additions  to  her  sphere  of  influence  in  Persia.  In  a  second  document  pub- 
lished on  the  same  day  Fiance  recognized  Russia's  freedom  to  define  her  west«m  boundaries.  In  ;;  sepa- 
rate telegram  the  Russian  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  recognized  that  France  and  Great  Britain  should  have 
the  right  to  define  the  western  boundary  of  Germany.  On  November  28  the  Bolshevikl  government  pub- 
lished another  document,  said  to  have  been  signed  in  London  April  26,  1915,  by  the  representatives  of  Great 
Britain,  France,  Russia,  and  Italy,  by  which  Italy,  on  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  was  to  receive  the  Tren- 
tlno,  part  of  the  Southern  Tyrol,  Trieste,  Istria,  and  Dalmatia. 

Decree  Repudiating  Russia's  Debts — An  official  proclamation  repudiating  Russia's  debts,  dated 
February  8,  1918  (new  style),  approved  by  the  central  committee,  is  as  follows:  "(I)  All  loans  contracted 
by  former  Russian  Governments  which  are  specified  iij  a  special  list  are  cancelled  as  from  December  1, 
1917.  The  December  coupons  of  these  loans  wUl  not  be  paid.  (2)  All  the  guarantees  for  these  loans  are 
cancelled.  (3)  All  loans  made  from  abroad  are  cancelled  without  exception  and  unconditionally.  (4)  The 
Bhort-term  series  of  state  treasury  bonds  retain  their  validity.  The  interest  on  them  will  not  be  payable, 
but  they  will  circulate  on  a  par  with  paper  money.  ,  (5)  Indigent  persons  who  hold  stock  not  exceeding 


yrar  Cyclopedia— Continued.  621 

10,000  rubles  in  internal  loans  will  receive  In  escliange,  according  to  the  nominal  value  of  their  holdings 
certificates  In  their  own  name  for  a  new  loan  of  the  Russian  Socialist  Federal  Republic  of  Soviets  for  an  amount 
not  exceeding  that  of  their  previous  holding.  The  conditions  of  this  loan  are  specially  defined.  (6)  Deposits 
In  the  state  savings  banks  and  the  interest  upon  them  are  not  to  be  touched.  All  holdings  in  the  canceled 
loans  belonging  to  these  banks  will  be  replaced  by  debt  entered  to  their  credit  in  the  Great  Book  of  the 
Russian  Socialist  Republic.  (7)  Co-operative  and  other  institutions  of  general  or  democratic  utility,  anc; 
poesfflslng  holdings  iij  the  canceled  loans,  will  be  indemnified  in  accordance  with  the  special  regiilation? 
laid  down  by  the  iSapreme  Council  of  Political  Ekjonomy,  in  agreement  with  their  representatives,  if  it  is 
proved  that  the  holdings  were  acquired  before  the  publication  of  the  present  decree.  (8)  The  state  bank  is 
charged  with  the  eomplete  liquidation  of  loans  and  the  Immediate  registration  of  all  holders  of  bonds  la 
the  state  loans  and  otber  funds,  whether  annulled  or  not.  (9)  The  Soviet  of  the  Workmen's,  Soldiers',  and 
Peasants'  Deputies,  in  accord  with  the  local  economic  councils,  will  form  committees  for  the  purpose  ol 
deciding  whether  a  citizen  is  to  be  classed  as  "indigent."  These  committees  will  be  competent  to  cancel 
entirely  all  savings  acquired  without  working  for  them,  even  in  the  case  of  sums  below  5,000  rubles." 

A  decree  was  issued  February  7  by  the  Bolsheviki  government  ordering  the  adoption  of  the  Gregor- 
ian, or  "new  style,"  ealendar,  as  from  Thursday,  Feburary  14,  1918,  "the  first  day  after  January  31,  1918, 
(Russian  style),  being  reckoned  as  February  14." 

Sabotage — A  French  word,  used  to  describe  wilful  and  underhand  destruction  of  machinery,  etc. 
by  workmen.  It  Is  a  method  of  "industrial  warfare,"  encouraged,  the  United  States  Government  alleges, 
by  some  leaders  of  the  Industrial  Workers  or  the  World.  Alleged  telegraphic  exchanges  between  the  Ger- 
man P'oreign  OflBce  and  Count  von  Bernstorff  in  January,  1916,  made  public  by  the  State  Department  on 
October  9,  1917,  said  von  Bernstorff  was  under  orders  to  promote  sabotage  in  the  United  States.  One.telts 
gram  was:  "General  stafl  desires  energetic  action  in  regard  to  proposed  destruction  of  Canadian  Pacific 
railway  at  several  palnSs."  A  second  telegram,  dated  January  26,  1916,  read:  "In  the  United  States 
sabotage  can  be  carried  out  In  every  kind  of  factory  lor  supplying  munitions  of  war.  Railway  embankments 
and  bridges  must  not  be  touched.  Embassy  must  in  no  circumstances  be  compromised."  The  telegrams 
named  several  Asieriaans  as  suitable  for  assisting. 

"Scrap  of  Paper" — August  4,  1914,  the  British  Ambassador  In  Berlin,  Sir  Edward  Goschen,  justi- 
fied the  entrance  of  Hagland  into  the  war  chiefly  on  the  ground  that  Germany  had  violated  the  neutrality 
of  Belgium,  whicli  Great  Britain  was  pledged  by  treaty  to  defend.  In  a  despatch  to  the  British  Government 
he  repoi-ted  a  conversation  with  the  German  Chancellor,  Bethmann  Hollweg,  who  said  that  "the  step  taken 
by  His  Majesty's  Government  was  terrible  to  a  degree;  Just  for  a  word — 'neutrality,'  a  word  which  In  war 
time  had  so  often  been  disregarded — just  for  a  scrap  of  paper  Great  Britain  was  going  to  make  war  on  a. 
kindred  nation  who  desired  nothing  better  than  to  be  friends  with  her."  When  this  despatch  was  published 
by  the  British  Government,  the  Associated  Press  correspondent  obtained  an  interview  with  the  Germau 
Cbancellor,  who  said  that  Sir  Edward  Goschen  had  misunderstood  what  he  had  said  about  the  scrap  of 
paper.  The  Chanoeller  maintained  that  what  he  had  said  was  that  England  entered  the  war  to  serve  her 
interests,  and  that  aaiong  her  motives  the  Belgian  neutrality  treaty  "had  for  her  only  the  value  of  a  scrap 
of  paper." 

Selective  Service — The  first  selective  service  or  draft  law  of  the  present  war  was  passed  May  18, 
1917.  It  applied  to  all  men  of  the  ages  twenty-one  to  thirty,  inclusive,  and  it  has  since  been  amended,  so 
as  to  provide  for  two  supplementary  drafts  (June  5,  1918,  and  August  24,  1918)  in  addition  to  the  origina! 
draft  of  June  5,  1917.  By  a  still  later  enactment,  the  draft  ages  were  extended  to  include  eighteen  to  forty- 
five  yeans,  inclusive,  and  the  first  registration  thereunder,  held  on  September  12,  1918,  produced  about 
13,000,000  registrants.  The  first  registration  June  5,  1917,,  brought  out  nearly  10,000,000  young  men; 
the  second,  on  June  6,  1918,  yielded  744,865;  the  thu-d,  on  August  24,  1918,  yielded  157,963.  The  lour 
registrations  thus  produced  nearly  24,000,000  Americans  of  military  age.  The  administration  is  in  the 
hands  of  the  War  Department,  under  the  supervision  of  the  President,  and  with  the  assistance  of  local  draft 
boards  for  each  locality,  with  appeal  boards  for  each  congressional  district.  The  President  issued  his  first, 
instructions  to  the  exemption  boards  July  2,  1917,  and  the  first  men  drafted  were  called  to  service  Septem- 
ber 5,  1917. 

Selective  Service,  Second  Draft — The  Provost  Marshal  General  authorized  the  classification  of 
Belectives  into  five  groups,  indicating  tlie  order  in  which  they  were  to  be  called  to  service: 

Class  I. — (1)  Single  men  without  dependent  relatives;  (2)  married  man  (or  widower)  with  children, 
who  li.abitually  fails  to  support  his  family;  (3)  married  man  dependent  on  wife  for  support;  (4)  married  man 
(or  widower)  with  children,  not  usefully  engaged;  family  supported  by  income  independent  of  his  labor; 
(5)  men  not  included  in  any  other  description  in  this  or  other  classes;  (6)  unskilled  laborer. 

Class  II. — (1)  Married  man  or  father  of  motherless  children,  usefully  engaged,  but  family  has  suffic- 
ient Income  apart  from  his  daily  labor  to  afford  reasonable  adequate  support  during  his  absence;  (2)  mar- 
ried man,  no  children,  wife  can  support  herself  decently  and  witliout  hardship;  (3)  skilled  farm  labor  engaged 
In  necessary  industrial  enterprise;  (4)  skilled  Industrial  laborer  engaged  In  necessary  agricultural  enterprise. 

Class  III. — (1)  Man  with  foster  children  dependent  on  daily  labor  for  support;  (2)  man  with  aged, 
infirm,  or  Invalid  parents  or  grandparents  dependent  on  dally  labor  for  support;  (3)  man  with  brothers 
or  Bisters  incompetent  to  support  themselves,  dependent  on  daily  labor  for  support;  (4)  county  or  municipal 
officer;  (5)  firemen  or  policemen;  (6)  necessary  artificers  or  workmen  in  araenals,  armories,  and  navy  yards: 
(7)  necessary  custom  house  clerks;  (8)  persons  necessary  in  transmission  of  mails;  (9)  necessary  employes 
in  service  of  United  States;  (10)  highly  specialized  administrative  experts;  (11)  technical  or  mechanical  ex- 
perts in  industrial  enterprise;  (12)  highly  specialized  agricultiu-al  expert  in  agricultural  bureau  of  State  or 
nation;  (13)  assistant  or  associate  manager  of  necessary  industrial  enterprise;  (14)  assistant  or  associate 
manager  of  necessary  agricultural  enterprise. 

Class  IV. —  (1)  Married  man  with  wile  (and)  or  children  (or  widower  with  children)  dependent  on 
dailv  labor  for  suoport  and  no  other  reasonably  adequate  support  available;  (2)  mariners  in  sea  service  of 
merchants  or  citizens  in  United  States;  (3)  heads  of  necessary  industrial  enterprises;  (4)  heads  of  necessary 
agricultural  enterprises. 

Class  V. — (1)  Officers  of  States  or  the  United  States;  (2)  regularly  or  duly  ordained  ministers;  (3)  stu- 
dents of  divinity;  (4)  persons  in  military  or  naval  service;  (5)  aliens;  (G)  alien  enemies;  (7)  persons  morally 
unfit;  (8)  persons  physically,  permanently,  or  mentally  unfit;  (9)  licensed  pilots. 

Serbian  War  Mission  to  the  United  States — The  Serbian  War  Mission  left  that  country  about 
the  middle  of  November,  1917,  arrived  at  Washington  December  20,  1917,  and  presented  to  President 
Wilson  an  autographed  letter  of  King  Peter.  The  commissioners  included  Dr.  Milenko  R,  Vesnitch,  Ser- 
bian Envoy  to  l'"rance;  Dr.  Sima  Lozanitch,  former  Minister  of  Agriculture  and  lately  Minister  at  London-. 
Gen.  Mihailo  Ra.shitch,  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Serbian  Corps  d'Armee  in  France;  Lieut.  Col.  Mihailo 
Nenadovitch,  Military  Attache  of  the  Serbian  Legation  in  Switzerland;  Capt.  Milan  Jovitchich,  Aide-de-- 
Camp  to  the  Crown  Prince;  Mr.  Vladislav  Martinats,  Secretary  to  the  Serlii.an  Legation  at  Paris.  Th<? 
envovs  were  received  by  the  United  States  Senate  on  January  5,  1918,  and  by  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives on  January  8.  They  visited  Mount  Vernon,  then  made  a  tour  of  the  country,  and  were  entertained, 
nt  New  York. 

Service  Reserve — United  States  Public  Service  Reserve  is  an  offleial  national  organization  of  mei\ 
Who  desire  to  find  their  place  for  effective  service  to  the  country  in  the  war  emergency  and  to  make  it  easy 
lor  the  Government  to  locate  them  when  it  needs  help  from  men  oi  their  capacities.    Its  purpose  is  to  enable 


622  War  Cyclopedia— Couiiuucd. 

those  who  are  uot  called  into  tlie  army  or  navy  to  play  their  p:iri.    Address  Department  ol  l.al)or,  WaBb- 
Ington,  D.  C. 

Shells — A  general  name  lor  explosive  projectiles.  Shrapnel  travels  to  a  given  point,  bursts,  andl  te- 
leases  bullets  which  pass  on  to  spread  destruction.  A  shell,  on  the  other  hand,  bursts  upon  striking  ita 
object  or  upon  the  action  of  a  time  tuae.  Destruction  is  effected  by  tlie  brolien  bits  ol  metal  ol  wlilch  It  Is 
composed,  and  by  the  earth,  stones,  and  other  material  whicli  it  tJuows  up  around  it.  A  siiell  ol  the  French 
"75'K,"  it  Is  said,  will  burst  into  more  than  2,000  pieces,  many  of  tlieni  very  minut«,  yet  possessing  extreme 
projectile  force.    Shells  are  ol  various  diameters  and  weights  and  are  charged  with  varying  quantities  of  es- 

Eloslve  compounds.  Many  are  charged  with  gas  or  injurious  chemicals.  On  the  western  front  there  have 
eea  guns  shooting  shells  which  weigh  from  400  to  2,000  pounds,  with  a  carrying  power  ol  from  six  to  twenty 
miles.  It  is  computed  that  a  new  sixteen-lnch  American  naval  gun  has  enough  projectile  capacity  with 
a  charge  ol  900  pounds  of  powder  to  send  a  shell  weighing  2,400  pounds  a  distance  of  twenty-seven  and  one- 
three  miles  horizontally  and  to  a  height  in  the  trajectory  of  eight  and  one-third  miles.  The  length  of  eueb  a 
shell  is  about  six  feet. 

Signal  Corps — Is  directed  by  a  chief  signal  officer.  It  has  cliai'ge  of  the  construction  and  openiiiOD 
of  military  cables,  telegraphs,  and  telephones.  Wireless  niaclilnery  and  meteorological  apparatus  have 
recently  come  within  the  sphere  of  authority  of  tlie  corps,  which  has  expanded  to  meet  new  needs.  The 
balloon  and  airplane  service  has  been  attached  to  this  department  of  our  military  administration.  The 
signal  corps  and  its  enlisted  force  are  the  eyes  and  ears  of  the  army.  They  keep  a  general  in  commuiiicatiOD 
with  his  fighting  units  and  enable  him  to  direct  a  battle,  at  a  distance  of  some  miles  from  the  front. 

Sinn  Felii — An  Irish  revolutionary  society  aiming  at  bolh  independence  and  the  cultural  development 
of  the  Irish  race.  It  was  equally  opposed  to  the  Nationalists  and  the  Unionists,  and  numbered  jnany  men  oJ 
letters  and  art.  On  Easter,  1916,  it  precipitated  a  revolt  at  Dublin,  with  which  Germany  tried  to  co-ope- 
rate. The  outbreak  was  suppressed.  Many  arrests  by  tlie  British  in  the  early  summtT  of  1018  halted,  it 
was  alleged,  a  second  Sinn  Fein  uprising. 

Slavs — A  race  inhabiting  eastern  and  soutlieastorn  Europe,  where  they  constitute  the  gl'eat  ra.i.iorlty 
of  the  population.  They  are  not  geographically  united.  The  main  stock  comprises  the  Russians,  Poles, 
Czechs,  Slovaks,  and  Ruthenes  or  Little  Russians.  In  the  south,  and  separated  from  the  northern  l)ranch 
by  a  solid  barrier  of  Germans,  Magyars,  and  Roumanians,  live  the  Southern  or  Jugoslavs.  These,  di'/ided 
Into  Serbs,  Croats,  and  Slovenes,  form  one  people.  The  Bulgars,  usually  Included  In  the  Southern  Slavs, 
were  originally  an  Asiatic  people,  Slaviclzed.  Russians,  100,000,000:  Little  Russians  (Ukrainers),  30,000,000: 
Poles,  15,000,000;  Czechs  and  Slovaks,  8,500,000;  Slovenes,  1,2.50,000;  Croats.  2,600.000;  .Serbs,  4,000,000; 
Bulgars,  4,500,000;  total,  105,750.000. 

Slavonic  Races  or  Languages  In  Modern  Europe — They  are  the  Ru.ssian  Bulgarians  (who  are  flfr 
Boended  from  the  Finns),  Albanians,  Serbians.  Croatians,  Slovenians,  Bohemians,  Saxons,  and  Prussiana 
In  BO  far  as  they  are  descended  from  the  Lithuanians.  By  Saxons  Is  meant  particularly  the  present  descend- 
ant* of  the  ancient,  not  the  modern  Saxony.  The  ancient  Saxony  comprised  the  country  in  Northwest  Ger- 
many, bordering  on  the  North  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe,  and  extending  from  the  Eabe,  along  the  North 
Sea  and  the  Holland  frontier,  to  the  Rhine,  and  down  the  cast  bank  of  that  river  to  the  city  of  Cologne. 

Solomon  Islands — A  group  in  the  Pacific,  taken  from  Germany,  September,  li)14-,  by  Auetralian 
troops. 

Staff — A  general  term  used  to  distinguish' the  administrative  from  the  fighting  units  hi  an  army.  It 
tneludes  not  only  the  general  staff  (created  in  1903  and  enlarged  by  the  National  Defense  Act)  but  military 
men  engaged  hi  the  Inspector  general's,  the  quartermaster  general's,  the  judge  advocate  general's,  the  ad- 
jutant general's,  the  ordnance,  the  engineering,  the  signal  corps,  the  medical,  and  ilke  departments  in  the 
army.  The  headquarters  staff  is  the  body  of  men  performing  seorotarial  and  administrative  duties  for  a.  gen- 
eral at  headquarters.  In  general,  staff  is  used  In  distinction  to  line;  one  branch  ol  the  senrice  organizes  and 
supplies,  the  other  fights. 

Swiss  Military  Systeni — The  Swiss  army  is  a  force  of  militia  receiving  periodical  training  upon  the 
prhiclple  of  universal  obligatory  military  service  for  men  from  twenty  to  forty-eight  years  of  age.  Any- 
one disqualified  must  bear  increased  taxes  until  the  age  of  forty  years.  The  army  Is  divided  into  three  classes 
according  to  age:  (1)  The  elite,  being  men  of  from  twenty  to  thirty-two  years;  (2)  the  landwehi",  or  men 
between  thirty-three  and  forty;  and  (3)  a  reserve  of  men  from  forty  to  forty-eight  years  of  age.  Reci-uiting 
scliools  for  the  first  year  of  service  continue  sixty  days,  for  sanitarj',  veterinary,  and  transportation  troops: 
sixty-five  days  for  infantry;  seventy-five  days  for  artillery  and  fortress  troops,  and  ninety  daj's  for  cavalry. 
After  the  first  year,  annual  training  courses  for  the  elite  last  eleven  days  (with  foiul»en  days,  however, 
lor  artillery  and  fortress  troops).  In  the  landwehr  all  branches  of  the  service,  except  cavalry,  take  a  re- 
peating course  of  eleven  days  each  four  years.  The  more  promising  recruits  are  given  additional  training 
In  schools  for  nou-commissioned  officers,  and  if  making  a  satistactoi-y  record  are  still  further  trained  for  the 
commissioned  grades.  Officers  serve  in  the  elite  until  thirty-eight  years  of  age.  in  the  landwehr  until  forty- 
four  years,  and  remain  in  the  reserve  until  they  are  fifty-three  years  of  age.  Those  who  do  not  serve  ia  the 
militia,  through  disqualification,  bear  Increased  taxes. 

Submarine  Warfare,  Stages  of — February  4,  1915,  German  Government  proclaims  war  zone  about 
the  British  Isles  and  intention  to  sink  any  enemy  merchantmen  in  this  zone  without  warning;  May  I  (dated 
April  22),  1915,  German  embassy  publishes  in  New  York  morning  papers  warning  against  taking  passage 
on  ships  which  United  States  Government  had  told  the  people  they  had  a  perfect  right  to  take.  Tlie  l^usl- 
tania  sailed  at  12.20  noon  May  1  and  w.as  sunk  May  7.  August  19,  1915,  sln!<ing  ol  the  Arabic,  whoroupoD 
von  Bernstorff  gave  an  oral  pledge  lor  his  government  that  hereafter  German  submarines  would  not  sinlt 
"liners"  without  warning;  February,  1916  (after  more  debatable  sinkings)  Germany  makes  proposals  took- 
Sng  toward  "assuming  liability"  for  the  Lusitanla  victims,  but  the  wlioie  case  is  soon  complicated  asain  by 
the  "armed  ship"  issue.  March  24,  1916,  sinking  of  the  Sus!sc.\,  passenger  vessel  with  Americans  on 
board.  May  4,  1916,  Germany,  in  response  to  the  threat  of  the  United  States  Government  to  brc;.k  ofl 
diplomatic  relations  with  her,  gives  her  "Sussex  pledge."  January  31,  1917,  Germany  notifies  United  States 
she  will  begin  "unrestricted  submarine  war"  on  the  following  day;  February  3,  1917,  the  President  gives 
Count  Bernstorff  his  passports  and  recalls  Ambassador  Gerard  from  Berlin;  April  6,  1917,  American  decla- 
ration of  a  state  of  wnr. 

The  American  counts  against  German  submarine  warfare  are  (1)  that,  for  the  belligerent  rlglit  oi  cap- 
ture* it  has  substituted  outright  destruction;  (2)  that,  from  tlie  procedure  of  captiu-e,  It  has  eliminated  visit 
and  search,  and  destruction  is  carried  out  with  little  or  no  warning  to  the  victims;  (3)  that,  for  the  duty  oi  the 
captor  to  put  those  on  board  the  captured  vessel  Into  a  sale  place  before  destroying  it,  It  has  suhstiiuted 
Intrusting  them  to  the  waves  in  small  boats  many  miles  from  land ;  and  (4)  being  in  itself  a  lawless  pructice 
It  leaves  any  vessel,  neutral  or  enemy,  passenger  or  freight,  at  the  mercy  of  any  commander  of  a  subniarine 

The  German  defence  of  its  submarine  warfare  is;  (1)  the  novelty  ol  the  submarine;  (2)  England's  es- 
tension  ol  the  blockade:  (3)  her  own  necessity. 

Submarine — Called  by  the  Germans  U  boat,  i.  e.,  undersea  boat,  or  submersible.  This  type  ol  war 
vessel,  while  It  may  travel  upon  the  surface,  may  also  submerge  Itself  and  thus  hide  its  movements  from  an 
enemy.  While  beneath  the  water,  observations  can  be  taken  by  means  of  a  projecting  perpendicular  arm. 
called  a  periscope.  The  submai-ine  can  discharge  torpedoes  while  it  is  tluus  hidden  from  view.  Submarines 
ar^ of  various  types,  the  outgrowth  of  American  Inventive  genius,  that  of  John  P.  Holland  and  Simon  Lake. 
TJiey  are  combated  by  nets  of  steel  sunk  in  cliannels,  in  which  their  coses  are  caught  by  fleets  of  dest-nyers. 


War  Cyclopedia— Continued.  623 


trawlera,  and  specially  constructed  electric  launches,  by  depth  bombs,  by  low-flying  airplanes  supplied  with 
bombing  appliances,  and  by  othei  means.  ^    ==       y       » oui^i^i.^u  nii,u 

oc/.^^"''^'"^''^^''"*'"^^?,-'"^^^  given  to  some  vessels  of  the  dreadnought  type.     The  displacement  m 
25,000  tons  or  more.    The  speed  attamed  may  be  twenty-flve  knots  or  sea  miles  (a  sea  mile  Is  2.000  yardfll 
and  the  mam  battery  consists  of  guna  of  13.5  inches  calibre  or  better. 

Tanks— Heavy  armored  motor  cars,  propelled  usually  by  "caterpillar  drive"  and  used  to  break  throuBb 
^S®'?^  defenses,  enfilade  his  trenches,  or  to  cover  attacks  upon  them.  They  were  flist  used  on  September 
15.  1916,  by  the  British  In  their  operations  on  the  Somme,  and  were  the  decisive  factor  in  Gen  Byne's  ad- 
vance toward  Cambrai.    They  were  of  great  advantage,  also,  in  pushing  back  the  Germans  In  the  Foch  drive 

Terrain — A  word  of  French  origin,  meaning  the  ground,  and  the  configuration  thereof,  where  mili- 
tary operations  are  conducted.  .  c  »iui 

,„,,"T<""'"y'"~0'"  "Tommy  Atkins"  is  the  word  used  to  designate  the  British  private  soldier.  From 
1815  the  specimen  or  model  forms  Issued  by  the  government  in  the  official  army  regulations  were  ofte-. 
filled  In  with  the  name  of  Thomas  Atkins,  thus:  "Description,  service,  etc.,  of  Thomas  Atkins  private 
No.  6  troop,"  etc.  From  this  practice  originated  the  custom  of  referring  to  the  private  soldier  as  Thomai 
Atkins,  shortened  to  Tommy  Atkins,  and  then  to  Tommy. 

Torpedo — A  development  of  great  importance  in  naval  warfare.  It  is  associated  with  the  names  of 
Whitehead,  an  Englishman,  and  other  Inventors.  The  modern  so-called  automobile  torpedo  in  general  use 
is  of  the  shape  of  a  cigar.  It  carries  in  its  nose  or  head  a  charge  of  250  pounds  of  guncotton,  which  is  ex- 
ploded by  concussion  when  it  strikes  the  object  aimed  at.  Abaft  the  explosive  chamber  is  an  air  chamber 
containing  the  compressed  air  which  supplies  the  motor  power.  Behind  this  air  chamber  is  a  balance  cham 
ber  containing  tjie  steering  apparatus  for  directing  the  rudders.  Behind  this  again  are  the  engines  to  re- 
volve the  shaft  running  to  two  screw  propellers.  Each  torpedo  contains  2,600  separate  parts  and  Is  a  small 
submarine  in  itself.     A  single  torpedo  costs  from  $5,000  to  $7,000. 

Torpedo  Boats — Small  vessels  whose  main  offensive  armament  is  a  torpedo  shot  through  a  tube 
They  rely  Mpon  high  speed,  small  size  and  a  few  light  guns  for  defense.  Their  displacement  varies  from  flftv 
to  300  tons.    They  travel  at  a  rate  running  from  nineteen  to  twenty-nine  knots. 

Treason — The  Constitution  (Article  III.,  Section  3)  reads:  "Treason  against  the  United  States  shall 
consist  only  in  levying  war  against  them,  or  in  adhering  to  their  enemies,  giving  them  aid  and  comfort. 
No  person  shall  be  convicted  of  treason  unless  on  the  testimony  of  two  witnesses  to  the  same  overt  act,  or 
on  confession  in  open  court."  "Giving  aid  and  comfort"  to  the  enemies  of  the  Unites  States  had  been  thus 
defined:  "In  general,  any  act  clearly  indicating  a  want  of  loyalty  to  the  Government  and  sympathy  with 
its  enemies,  and  which  by  fair  construction  is  directly  in  furtherance  of  their  hostile  designs."  By  "overt 
act"  is  meant  an  act,  as  distinguished  from  the  mere  intention  to  perform  it.  It  includes  not  only  "acts" 
in  the  colloquial  sense,  but  also  words,  spoken  or  written.  The  penalty  for  treason  Is  death,  or  imprisonment 
for  at  least  five  years  and  a  fine  of  at  least  810,000. 

Trench  Mortar — A  short  gun  with  a  vertical  fire  used  to  discharge  bombs  Into  an  enemy  Intrench- 
ment.  The  Germans  were  well  supplied  with  this  weapon  of  offense  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  and  the  Allies 
were  hard  pressed  for  trench  artillery  to  cope  with  it.  The  German  trench  mortar  discharges  with  a  "dull 
boom"  a  sausage-shaped  projectile,  moving  so  slowly  at  first  that  the  body  of  men  whom  It  is  designed  to 
strike  can  often  escape  its  force. 

Trench  Warfare — The  protection  of  troops  demands  stronger  field JntrenchmentB  than  have  be&a 
necessary  in  previous  wars;  hence  the  so-called  "trench  warfare,"  which  during  the  liit  four  years  has 
largely  taken  the  place  of  former  tactics.  Digging  trenches  and  throwing  up  breastworks  for  protection 
against  the  enemy's  fire  is,  of  course,  not  a  new  thing  in  warfare.  A  complicated  network  of  trenches  now 
protects  the  men  on  both  sides.  The  spade  has  become  one  of  the  soldier's  best  weapons  of  defense.  The 
chief  Improvement  in  methods  of  defending  intrenched  troops  Is  the  Increased  use  of  machine  guns,  whlob 
must  be  put  out  of  operation  by  artillery  fire  or  by  rifle  fire  directed  against  the  gunners  before  infantry  can 
advance  directly  against  them.  There  has  been  also  a  great  Increase  during  the  present  war  in  the  use  of 
barbed  wire  In  front  of  the  trenches  as  a  means  of  defense.  Through  the  use  of  wire  and  machine  guns  Jt 
is  now  possible  to  defend  the  front  line  positions  with  smaller  bodies  of  men  than  were  considered  neces- 
sarj'  earlier  In  the  war,  thus  considerably  reducing  the  losses  entailed. 

Triple  Alliance — An  agreement  by  Germany,  Austria,  and  Italy,  in  1882,  for  their  mutual  defense. 
The  full  and  exact  text  of  the  treaties  still  remains  secret.  In  1914  Germany  claimed  to  be  bound  by  the 
treaties  to  protect  Austria  against  attack  by  Russia.  Italy,  however,  denied  that  Austria  was  attacked, 
insisted  that  Austria  was  the  aggressor,  that  her  designs  in  the  Balkans  would  endanger  Italy's  own  safety, 
and  not  only  declined  to  fight  in  the  triple  alliance,  but,  later,  entered  the  war  against  her  old  allies. 

Triple  Entente — The  name  given  to  the  diplomatic  union  of  England,  France,  and  Russia,  formed 
to  oppose  the  triple  alliance  of  Germany,  Austria,  and  Italy.  Except  in  the  case  of  Russia  and  France, 
there  was  no  written  treaty  behind  it.  The  first  stage  of  the  triple  entente  was  the  alliance  In  1893  between 
Russia  and  France.  In  1904  England  concluded  an  entente  (understanding)  with  Franco.  In  1907  the  chain 
was  completed  by  an  entente  between  England  and  Russia. 

Ukralnla,  or  the  Ukraine — Its  boundaries,  population  and  area  by  the  German  agreement  are  found 
under  "Ukrainian  Peoples  Republic."  Much  of  the  soil  Is  black,  suited  to  wheat,  hence  the  old  name, 
"Black  Russia."  There  are  rich  iron  and  coal  deposits.  The  word  Ukraine  is  Polish,  and  means  "frontier. 
The  whole  vast  region  of  fertile  plains  was  ceded  to  the  Cossacks  by  Poland,  in  1672,  and  was  obtained  by 
Russia  in  1682,  Poland  keeping  all  on  the  west  side  of  the  River  Dnieper.  By  the  Polish  partition  of  1795 
Russia  got  the  rest  of  the  Ukraine.  Mazeppa  was  long  ago  the  Ukraine  hetman,  or  chief.  The  Podolia 
region  was  taken  from  Poland  in  1793.  Its  capital,  Kamanetz,  has  over  35,000  population.  The  Pol- 
tava region  consists  of  plains,  watered  by  the  River  Dnieper.  The  city  of  Poltava  has  over  53,000  popula- 
tion. 

The  province  of  Volhynia,  which  lies  on  the  northwest  border  of  Galicia  and  on  the  eastern  side  of 
Poland,  Is  agricultural.  In  the  middle  ages  Volhynia  was  a  principality,  which,  united  with  Lithuania, 
formed  a  part  of  the  Polish  kingdom.  It  reverted  to  Russia  during  the  (1793-5)  second  and  third  partitions 
of  Poland.  The  present  capital,  Zhitomir,  on  the  Teterev  River,  contains  over  65,000  people.  The  province 
of  Kharkov,  watered  by  the  Donets  River,  is  devoted  to  grain,  wine,  tobacco,  and  cattle.  Its  capital,  the 
city  of  Kharkow,  has  179,000  population. 

Ukrainian  People's  Republic — Proclaimed  free  and  Independent  by  Ita  Central  Rada  (parliament) 
November  20,  1917,  with  a  constitution  dating  from  December  23,  1917,  was  formally  recognized  ps  such 
in  a  preliminary  treaty  of  peace,  signed  at  the  conference  at  Brest-Litovsk,  February  9,  1918.  The  parties 
to  the  treaty  were  Germany,  Austria-Hungary,  Bulgaria,  Turkey,  on  one  hand,  and  the  antl-Bolshevikl 
Central  Rada  of  Ukralnla.  Section  two  oJ  that  treaty  said:  "Between  Austria-Hungary  on  the  one  hand 
and  the  Ukrainian  People's  Republic  on  the  other  hand,  as  far  as  these  two  powers  border  one  another, 
those  frontiers  will  exist  which  existed  before  the  outbreak  of  the  present  war  between  the  Austro-Hungar- 
lan  monarchy  and  Russia.  Further  north  the  frontier  of  the  republic  beginning  at  Tarnegrad  will  In  gen- 
eral follow  the  line  of  Bllgerey  to  Sroezeberzszyn,  Krasnostau,  Pugaszce,  Radzyn,  Meshlretschoi,  Sarnaki, 
Selnlk,  Wysekelitowsfe,  Kamletslitowsk,  Prushany,  and  Wydozowskyesee.    This  will  be  fixed  in  detail  by 


624     France's  Tribute  to  First  U.  S.  Soldiers  Who  Fell  in  Battle. 

WAR  CYCLOPEDIA — Continued. 

a  mixed  commission  according  to  ethnograplilcal  conditions  and  with  a  regard  to  tbe  desires  of  the  popula- 
tion. Should  the  Ukrainian  People's  Republic  yet  have  common  frontiers  with  another  of  the  powers  of 
the  quadruple  alliance,  special  agreements  will  be  made  thereon." 

Under  the  treaty  with  the  Central  Powei-s,  Ukrainfa  thus  was  granted  the  territory  of  Kholm  (Cheim), 
In  Russian  Poland.  In  Little  Russia  the  Ukrainian  Republic  consisted,  by  the  treaty,  of  the  provinciiS  oj 
Kharkoff  (21,041  square  miles,  population  3,452,000),  Kiea  (19,676  square  miles,  population  4,988,000), 
Podolia  (16.224  square  miles,  population  4,127,600),  Poltava  (19,265  square  miles,  population  3,900,200), 
and  Volhynia  (27,699  square  miles,  population  4,241,800).  Khobn  (5,213  square  miles,  population  1,087,- 
800)  also  was  Included  in  the  treaty,  but  was  claimed  by  Poland.  In  addition,  the  Ukrainians  laid  claim  to 
the  provinces  of  Chernigov  (3,149,000  population,  20,232  square  miles),  Kherson  (3,807,000  population, 
27,337  square  miles),  Taurida  (2,133,300  population,  23,312  sqiiare  mites),  and  Yekaterlnoslav  (3,537,300 
population,  24,477  square  miles).  This  whole  region,  containing  over  30,000,000  population,  and  more  than 
200,000  square  miles,,  comprises  "Little  Russia,"  the  "Southwestern  Territory,  and  "New  Russia."  ex- 
clusive of  the  lands  of  the  Don  Cossacks.  It  is  boimded  on  the  west  by  Austrisi-Hungary,  on  the  soiilh  by 
the  Black  and  Azov  Seas,  on  the  east  by  the  Don  Cossacks,  and  on  the  north  by  Central  Russia,  and  Lith- 
uania.   The  Little  Russians  are  75  per  cent,  of  the  population.     Odessa  Is  the  chief  port. 

On  April  29,  1918,  at  Kiev,  the  Congress  of  Ukrainian  Peasants  chose  Gen.  Skoropauski  as  hetraan, 
or  ruler,  hi  succession  to  the  Central  Rada.  This  was  a  st«p  in  the  civil  war  between  the  Bolsheviki.  and  the 
antis,  begun  December  18,  1917.  The  Germans  invaded  Ukralnla,  and  on  May  2,  1918.  established  a  mili- 
tary dictatorship  there.  In  their  Independence  proclamation  of  November  20,  1917,  the  Ukrainians  had 
given  the  following  guarantees:  "All  the  liberties  won  by  the  Russian  revolution  are  to  be  guaranteed, 
namely,  freedom  of  the  press,  of  speech,  of  religion,  of  assembly,  of  union,  of  strikes,  of  inviolability  of  ijorson 
and  of  liabltation,  the  right  and  the  possibility  of  using  local  dialects  in  dealing  with  all  authorities."  They 
had  got  from  Kcrensky,  in  July,  1917,  a  promise  of  Independence  provided  they  stayed  in  the  Russian  Pro- 
vincial Republic.  On  May  9,  1918,  a  new  government,  pro-German,  was  formed,  with  Nicholas  Ouste- 
movltch  as  president.  The  Russian  calendar  gave  way  to  the  Gregorian,  and  Ukrainian  was  made  the 
offlcial  language  in  courts,  schools  and  government  offices. 

Venice — This  city,  which  was  for  many  months  a  chief  object  of  Austrian  offenalve,  is  the  capita!  of 
the  Italian  province  of  Venice.  The  city  Is  situated  on  117  small  islands  in  a  shallow  bay  of  the  Adriatic, 
at  the  northwestern  corner  of  that  sea,  nearly  opposite  the  Hungarian  port  of  Trieste,  wldch  is  at  the  east 
side  of  the  head  of  the  Adriatic.  The  city  dates  from  the  middle  of  the  fifth  century.  At  the  close  of  the 
middle  ages  it  was  one  of  the  great  maritime  powers  of  the  world.  It  supplied  goods  to  the  Crusadei's,  and 
handled  the  trade  between  Asia  and  Europe;  but  began  to  decline  after  Vasco  da  Gama,  the  Portuguese, 
discovered  the  all-sea  route  to  the  Far  East  around  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  Turks,  by  conquering 
Constantinople,  aided  in  the  decline  of  Venice.  They  got  Cyprus  in  1571,  and  Crete  was  lost  in  1669.  After 
the  decUne  of  its  commercial  supremacy  Venice  became  the  art  centre  of  the  worla,  Uirough  the  paintings 
of  Titian,  Tintoretto,  Paul  Veronese,  and  others.  The  Venetian  Republic,  which  had  existed  for  centuries, 
was  ended  In  1797  by  Napoleon,  who  substituted  a  provisional  democratic  republic.  Under  the  treaty  of 
Canipo  Fomlo,  executed  in  1797  the  town  of  that  name,  sixty-six  miles  from  Venice,  all  that  part  of  the 
city  and  province  of  Venice  lying  west  of  the  River  Adlge  reverted  to  Austria,  as  a  duchy,  the  rest  being 
annexed  to  what  the  French  called  the  Cisalpine  Republic.  That  republic,  established  by  Napoleon  in  1 797, 
consisted  of  Lombardy,  that  part  of  Venice  above  named;  Modlna,  the  north  part  of  the  Papal  states,  and 
other  Italian  lands.  The  republic  became  the  Italian  republic  in  1802,  and  in  1805  was  incorporated  into 
th.'!  klnedom  of  It.il-,'.  In  the  last  named  year  Napoleon  again  got  the  upper  hand  of  Austria,  and  it  was  by 
t£i(;  irciuy  of  X^resaburg,  signed  at  that  place  (once  the  capital  of  Hungary,  on  the  Danube),  tliat  Venice 
massed  to  Italy.  Austria  got  all  of  Venice,  by  military  force,  in  1814,  at  the  treaty  of  Paris.  I?i  1848  Venice 
rebelle.l  r.nu  became  the  reoublic  of  St.  Mark,  but  in  1849  was  reconquered  by  Austria,  which  held  the  city 
aiid  province  until  1866,  when  it  was  given  to  Italy. 

Verdun — The  mflitary  key  to  the  west  front,  which  the  German  Crown  Prince  tried  to  take  in  1916. 
Itjiaa  been,  since  i871,  the  most  important  of  the  French  defenses  on  the  eastern  frontier  between  tlie  Ar- 
gonne  and  the  Vosges.  During  the  German  advance  of  1914  Verdun  held  out,  although  the  Germans  were 
able  to  push  a  deep  salient  to  the  south  at  .St.  Mlhlel.  In  February,  1916,  the  armies  of  the  German  Crown 
Prince  began  assault  upon  Verdun,  which  lasted  six  months,  and  led  to  the  capture  of  forts  Douaumont 
and  Vaux.  Verdun  was  called  "the  grave"  by  German  soldiers.  A  counter  offensive  by  Gen.  NiveDe  in 
October,  1916,  and  August,  1917,  enabled  the  French  to  reclaim  ground  they  had  lost  In  1916. 

Zeppelin — A  type  of  dirigible  balloon,  lifted  by  gas  bags  held  In  an  aluminum  framework,  and  pro- 
pelled by  gasoline  engines;  designed  by  the  late  Count  Ferdinand  von  Zeppelin,  whose  experiments  with 
aircraft,  about  1906,  attracted  wide  attention.  In  war  the  Zeppelins  are  used  for  observation  purposes, 
esppclally  at  sea;  and  for  raids  on  enemy  country.  German  aircraft.  Including  Zeppelins,  raided  England 
thirty-four  times  between  January  19,  1915,  and  October  1,  1917,  killing  outright  865  men,  women,  and 
eliililren,  and  wounding  over  2,500. 


FRANCE'S    TRIBUTE    TO    FIRST    U.    S,    SOLDIERS    WHO    FELL   IN    BATTLE. 

The  following  eulogy  was  a  part  of  the  ceremony  at  the  burial,  In  northern  France,  of  the  first  three 
Ajuerican  soldiers  who  lost  their  lives.  The  words  were  spoken  by  a  French  officer.  He  said:  'la  the 
name  of  the  — th  Division,  in  the  name  of  the  French  Army,  and  In  the  name  of  France  I  bid  farewell  to 
Private  Enilght,  Private  Gresham,  and  Private  Hay  of  the  American  Army.  Of  their  own  free  wlU  they 
had  left  a  prosperoas  and  happy  country  to  come  over  here.  They  knew  war  was  contlniung  in  Europe; 
they  knew  that  the  forces  fighting  for  honor,  love  of  justice  and  civilization  were  still  checked  by  the  long- 
prepared  forces  serving  the  powers  of  brutal  domination,  oppression  and  barbarity.  They  knew  that 
efforts  were  still  necessary.  They  wished  to  give  us  their  generous  hearts,  and  they  have  not  forgotten  old 
historical  memories,  while  others  forget  more  recent  ones.  They  ignored  nothing  of  the  circumstances 
and  nothing  had  been  concealed  from  them — neither  the  length  and  hardships  of  war,  nor  the  violence  of 
battle,  nor  the  dreadfulness  of  new  weapons,  nor  the  perfidy  of  the  foe.  Nothing  stopped  them.  They 
accepted  the  hard  and  strenuous  life;  they  crossed  the  ocean  at  great  peril;  they  took  their  places  on  the 
front  by  our  side,  and  they  have  fallen  facing  the  foe  In  a  hard  and  desperate  hand-to-hand  nght  Honor 
to  them.     Their  families,  friends  and  fellow-citizens  will  be  proud  when  they  learn  of  theh'  deaths. 

"Men!  These  graves,  the  fli-st  to  be  dug  in  our  national  soil,  and  but  a  short  distance  from  the  enemy, 
tre  as  a  mark  of  the  mighty  land  we  and  our  Allies  firmly  cling  to  in  the  common  task,  oonflrming  the  will 
Of  the  people  and  the  army  of  the  United  States  to  fight  with  us  to  a  finish,  ready  to  sacrifice  as  long  as 
is  necessary  until  final  victory  for  the  most  noble  of  causes,  that  of  the  liberty  of  nations,  the  weak  as  well 
as  the  mighty.  Thus  the  deaths  of  these  humble  soldiers  appear  to  us  with  extraordinary  grandeiir.  we 
Will,  therefore,  ask  that  the  mortal  remains  of  these  young  men  be  left  here,  left  with  us  forever.  We  inscrlDe 
on  tbe  tombs,  'Here  lie  the  first  soldiers  of  the  Republic  of  the  United  States  to  fall  on  the  soil  of  Fran?* 
lor  liberty  and  justice."  The  passerby  will  stop  and  uncover  his  head.  Travellers  and  men  oltheart  win 
go  out  of  their  way  to  come  here  to  pay  their  respective  tributes.  Private  Enright.  Private  ore-^Eani. 
Private  Hay)    In  the  name  of  France  I  thank  you.     God  receive  your  souls.     Farewelli 


.    Wars  of  the  Last  Half  Century.  G-25 

Wiavn  of  tl)e  Hast  fJ^alt  (ttntnvs* 

..,  Seven  Weeks'  War,  IS&O— In  a  struggle  by  Prussia  and  Austria  agaliist  Denmark,  in  April,  18f.4, 
tne  Dannerwerk  foriiflcations  in  fechleswig  were  taken  by  the  Pniseians,  and  abcmt  the  same  time  the 
Auslrians  gained  a  victory  over  the  Danish  Army  In  the  Battle  of  Oversea.  The  Duchies  of  Schlcswig 
and  Holatein  were  wrested  from  Denmarli  and  given,  in  jointure,  to  Austria  and  Prussia.  Prince  Frederick 
of  Augustenberg,  as  a  descendant  of  the  ducal  family  of  Holstein,  claimed  the  disputed  territory  in  his  own 
light.  Prussia  denied  this  claim.  This  dispute  was  the  ostensible  cause  of  the  war  between  Austria  and 
rr\i8Sia.  King  William  of  Prussia  and  Francis  Joseph  of  Austria,  by  Treaty  of  Gasteln,  August  1  1865 
agreed  that  Schleowig  should  be  put  under  the  protectorate  of  Prussia  and  Holstein  assigned  to-  Austria' 
The  Austrian  Governor  of  Holstein  continued  to  support  and  \tr"p.  the  claims  of  Prince  Frederick  Blsmarcii 
asked  for  war,  but  in  the  Prussian  Assembly  was  outvoted,  i.ve  to  one.  Nevertheless,  a  Prussian  army 
was  hurried  Into  Holstein.  Bismarck  offered  Venice  to  Italy,  and  King  Victor  Kmmanuel  made  alliance 
with  Prussia.  All  the  smaller  German  Kingdoms  except  Oldenberg,  Mecklenberg,  the  Saxon  states,  and 
three  free  cities  took  sides  with  Austria. 

„„„The  Prussian  Diet  approved  Of  the  Austrian  demand  and  declared  war.  On  June  15,  1866,  Kins 
William  called  upon  Saxony,  Hanover,  Hesse-Cassel  and  Nassau  to  remain  neut^-^l.  and  gave  them  twelve 
hours  to  decide.  In  two  days,  Prussians  seized  Hanover,  and  in  two  more  Hesso-Caaacl  was  occupied  by 
an  army  from  the  Rhine,  and  a  third  division  was  thrown  into  Dresden  and  IvCipsio.  On  June  27,  1866 
the  Hanoverians  were  defeated.  King  George  V.  fleeing  to  Vienna.  The  throe  divisions  of  the  Army  of 
William  were  commanded  by  Crown  Prince  Frederick  William:  his  Cousin,  Prince  Frederick  Charles,  and 
General  Bittenfleld.  The  Austrlans  were  led  by  General  Benedek.  On  June  27  and  29.  1866,  Prince 
Frederick  Charles  defeated  the  Austrian  advance  in  four  engagements,  but  the  battles  were  indecisive 
Meanwhile  the  Crown  Prince  gained  several  victories  over  General  Benedek  (June  27-30).  On  July  6' 
1866,  the  decisive  battle  was  fought,  known  variously  as  Sadowa  and  Koniggratz.  Austrian  Army,  222  000* 
Prussian,  221,000.  Austrian  loss  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners,  44,393;  Prussian  loss,  8,812  The 
Treaty  of  Prague  was  signed  August  23,  1866.  By  its  t-erms  a  North-German  Union  was  formed.  Hanover 
and  Hesse-Cassel,  Nassau,  Sohlcswlg-Holsteln  and  Frankfort  were  incorporated  with  the  new  Germany 
The  four  southern  states  of  Baden,  Hesse-Darmstadt,  Wurtemberg  and  Bavaria  were  conceded  their  inde^ 
peudence,  but  with  a  secret  agreement  that  theii-  armies  were  to  be  at  the  disposal  ol  PrusBia. 

Franco-Prussian  War,  1870-1871 — In  September,  1868,  by  a  revolution  In  Spain,  Queen  Isabella 
lost  her  throne.  The  Spanish  Cortes  elected  Prince  Leopold  of  IlolienzoUern,  a  relative  of  the  King  of 
Prussia.  France,  under  Louis  Napoleon,  pr'>t<^sted.  Leopold  declined.  France  demanded  of  Berlin 
(July  13,  1870),  that  no  Prince  of  the  House  of  ilohenzoUern  should  be  a  cantUdate  for  the  Spanish  throne 
This  demand  was  turned  down  by  King  William.  On  July  19,  1870,  PYance  declared  war  on  Prussia.  The 
French  armies  then  numbered  310,000.  The  Prussians,  within  eleven  days,  had  over  600,000  soldiers  in 
motion.  Their  army  was  under  General  Steinmetz  and  Crown  Prince  of  Pru.ssia  and  his  cousin,  Prince 
Frederick  Charles.  Count  Von  Moltke  was  Commander-in-Chief.  King  William  went  to  the  front  in 
person,  as  did  Louis  Napoleon,  Emperor  of  the  French. 

The  conflict  began  August  2,  1870,  at  Saarbruck,  where  a  French  division  under  Gen.  Frassard  attacked 
a  smaller  body  of  Uhlans,  and  drove  them  back.  Louis  Napoleon  sent  a  despatch  to  Eugenic  announcing 
their  son's  'baptism  of  fire."  On  August  4  the  Crown  Prince  defeated  Marshal  MaoMahon  at  Weissenburg; 
and  again  at  Worth,  August  6.  About  the  same  time  Steinmetz  was  victor  at  Spicheren.  On  August  14, 
1870,  Steinmetz  and  Frederick  Charles  defeated  Marshal  Bazaine  at  Courcelles.  At  Mars-le-Tom*  a 
battle  was  fought,  with  losses  of  about  17,000  on  each  side.  The  French  claimed  this  as  a  victory,  but 
Frederick  Charles  held  his  position.  On  August  18  a  great  battle  was  fought  at  Oravelotte — 200,000 
Germans  against  180,000  French,  and  Marshal  Bazaine  was  forced  back  into  the  fortifications  of  Metz. 
Marshal  MacMahon,  with  an  army  of  125,000,  hastened  to  the  relief  of  Max,  but  was  Intercepted  by  the 
Germans,  who  had  the  shorter  line.  On  August  31,  1870,  in  the  Battle  ol  Beaumont,  the  French  were 
defeated  and  forced  to  fall  back  to  Sedan.  MacMahon's  army,  then  112,000,  was  heeleged  by  200,000 
Germans.  On  September  1,  1870,  Sedan  surrendered.  Louis  Napoleon  was  taken  prisoner.  The  French 
Army,  numbering  84,000,  were  prisoners  of  war.  Empress  Eugenie  fled  to  England  September  4,  1870, 
and  on  the  same  day,  in  Paris,  a  French  Republic  was  proclaimed.  A  civic  army  of  70.000  was  raised  and 
command  given  to  Gen.  Trochu  to  defend  Paris.  On  September  23  the  Fortress  of  Toul  4>apitulated.  The 
German  armies  toward  the  close  ol  war  numbered  800,000.  Paris  was  invested.  Leon  Gambetta  escaped 
from  that  city  In  a  balloon  and  raised  an  army  of  150,000  volunteers,  while  the  forces  of  Gen.  Trochu  were 
Increased  to  400,000.  In  the  beginning  of  January,  1871,  the  army  of  Trochu  was  cut  to  pieces,  with  loss 
of  60,000.  On  January  17,  1871,  Louis  Ad'ilnlie  Thiers  was  chosen  Chief  Exw  tive.  On  January  28  an 
armistice  was  arranged,  and  on  February  2vj  ..  >reUminary  treaty  of  peace  sist-  at  Versailles.  The  per- 
manent treaty  was  signed  at  Frankfort,  Me  ;0.  By  the  document,  Alsace  ana  Lorraine  were  ceded  to 
Germany  and  an  indemnity  imposed  of  6,i/u0,000,0()0  of  francs. 

It  was  estimated  tliat  the  cost  of  the  struggle  to  France,  up  to  January,  1875,  was  9,885,000,000  francs. 
Including  the  Indemnity  to  Prussia  and  Interest.  The  bombardment  of  Strasburg  was  begun  on  August 
14,  1870,  and  the  place  surrendered  September  28.  Two  German  armies.  220,000  men,  began  the  march 
on  Paris  on  August  28,  1870;  the  siege  commenced  September  15.  Versailles,  a  suburb,  gave  in  September 
19.  Bombardment  of  Paris  began  on  October  11.  The  city  capitulated  January  28,  1871.  The  German 
troops  entered  March  1.  The  attack  on  Metz  began  August  8,  and  the  surrender  occurred  on  September 
28.     Verdim  was  attacked  first  in  August,  1870    and  surrendered  November  8. 

Modoc  Uprising,  1872 — In  the  Spring  of  1872  an  order  was  issued  by  the  United  States  Government 
for  the  Modoc  Indians  to  remove  from  their  lands  on  the  southern  shore  of  Leke  Klamoth,  Oregon,  to  a 
new  reservation.  The  Indians  refused  to  obey.  At  a  conference  between  them  and  six  members  of  a 
United  States  Government  Peace  Commission  on  April  11,  1872,  the  Indians  murdered  Gen.  Canby  and 
Dr.  Thomas,  two  of  the  members.  The  Modocs  were  then  besieged  by  United  States  Regulars,  and  on 
June  1  Gen.  Davis  compelled  Capt.  Jack  and  his  band  to  siurender.  The  Chiefs  were  tried  by  court  martial 
fliQd  6X6cutr€d  in  October 

Sioux  Uprising,  1876 — In  1867  the  Sioux  Indians  had,  by  treaty,  agreed  to  relinquish  all  the  territory 
south  of  Nevbrara,  west  of  the  104th  meridian-  and  north  of  the  4(ith  parallel  of  lattttude,  and  to  retire  to 
a  large  reservation  In  Southwestern  Dakota  by  Januai-y  1,  1S7P.  The  discovery  of  gold  In  the  Black  Hills 
led  the  whites  to  overrun  the  lands  of  the  Sioux  and  they  in  li  ru  broke  ovpt  their  Umlta.  A  large  force, 
under  Gens.  Terry  and  Crook,  was  sent  to  drive  them  back  into  their  reservation.  On  June  25,  1876,  Gens. 
Reno  and  Custer  were  sent  forward  to  discover  the  whereabouts  of  the  Indians.  Gen.  Custer,  without 
waiting  for  reinforcements,  charged  on  an  Indian  village  on  the  Little  Big  Horn  River  and  his  whole  force 
was  practically  annihilated  (262  killed  and  52  wounded).  Gen.  Reno  held  out  until  relnioroed  by  Gen. 
Gibbon.  On  November  24,  1876,  the  Sioux  were  defeated  at  a  pass  in  the  Big  Horn  Mountains,  and  on 
June  5,  1877,  again  routed  by  the  division  of  Col.  Miles.  The  remaining  bands,  under  Sitting  BuU  and 
Crazy  Horse,  escaped  to  Canada.  It  was  not  until  1880  that  Sitting  Bull  was  Induced  to  return  to  the 
reservation  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Missouri  River.>  ^    „    ,.  ,        ,  .^    ,r^  »  ,.   •     ..  ,^  tv.,  „ 

Ashantee  War,  1873-1874 — By  an  arrangement  between  the  English  and  the  Dutch,  in  Africa,  there 
was  an  exchange  of  forts,  by  which  the  King  of  Ashantee  lost  an  annual  stipend  from  the  Duteh  for  occii- 
pancy  by  them  of  his  lands.  He  demanded  the  English  pay.  They  did  not  do  so.  ^The  Ashantees  decoyed 
lour  Europeans  into  their  town  and  made  them  prisoners.     In  the  Fall  of  1873  Sir  Garnet  Woleeley  wfls 


626  Wars  of  the  Last  Half  Century— Continued. 

J  •  ■    ■      ■      ■  ■  .g^ 

despatched  with  a  force:  on  January  20,  1874,  he  entered  Ashantee  land,  and  on  February  4,  1874,  reaohed 
Coomassle.  Here  the  King  of  Ashantee  renounced  hla  claim  of  sovereignty  and  paid  an  indemnity  of 
50,000  ounces  of  gold.     The  town  of  Coomassle  was  burned  to  the  ground. 

Serbian-Turkish  War,  1876 — Serbia  declared  war  on  Turkey  In  June,  1876,  Montenegro  aiding 
Serbia.  The  Union  of  Bulgaria  and  Eastern  Rumella  inspired  King  Milan  with  the  Idea  that  either  union 
must  be  prevented  or  Serbia  should  have  territorial  compensation  so  that  the  balance  of  power  might  ba 
maintained  in  the  Balkan  peninsula.  The  Serbian  Army  was  defeated  by  Turkish  forces  under  Abdul- 
Kermi  Pasha,  whose  advance  was  stopped  by  the  Intervention  of  Czar  Alexander  II.  of  Russia,  who  insisted 
on  an  armistice.    Serbia  was  beaten  in  a  few  months. 

Russo-Turklsh  War  of  1877-1878 — On  AprU  24,  1877,  the  Russian  Czar  declared  war  on  Turkey* 
"to  right  the  wrongs  of  Christians."  The  total  Russian  forces  were  about  200,000,  and  the  Turkish  about 
120,000.^  At  Plevna  the  Russians  were  repulsed  twice,  at  the  second  battle  losing  7,300  as  against  a  Turkish 
loss  of  2,000.  At  the  tlilrd  attempt  Plevna  was  captured,  Osman  Pasha  capitulating  in  November,  1877, 
surrendering  an  army  of  40,000.  The  Russian  casualties  during  the  war  were  close  to  20,000.  The  contest  , 
was  ended  by  the  Treaty  of  San  Stefano,  signed  March  3,  1878.  The  terms  of  this  treaty  were  modified 
at  the  Berlin  Conference  in  June  and  July,  1878. 

Afghanistan  War  of  1879 — The  British  sent  an  Embassy  to  Cabul.  Shere  All,  the  Ameer  of  Cabul, 
forbade  their  entrance  into  his  country.  The  British  continued,  accompanied  by  a  niilltary  force,  and  took 
possession  of  Cabul  and  Candahar.  Ali  died  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  Yakoob  Khan,  who  hastened 
to  sign  a  new  treaty  (May  5,  1879),  by  which  he  came  under  a  protectorate.  Shortly  afterward  a  revolt 
occurred,  and  the  English  representatives  in  Cabul  were  attacked  by  insurgents  and  murdered.  A  second 
English  expedition  entered  Cabul  on  December  24,  1879,  Yakoob  Khan  was  deposed  and  Cabul  garrisoned. 

Zulu  War  of  1879 — A  dispute  between  the  Transvaal  Republic  and  the  Zulus  over  the  ownership  of 
a  strip  of  African  territory  was  referred  to  British  Commissioners,  who  decided  in  favor  of  the  Zulus,  but 
the  British  Governor  in  South  Africa,  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  did  not  execute  the  terms  of  settlement.  Cetewayo, 
the  Zulu  King,  raised  an  army,  which  the  English  Governor  demanded  be  dispersed.  British  forces  Invaded 
the  country  and  were  defeated,  January  22,  1879.  A  new  British  force,  sent  out  under  Lord  Chelmsford, 
routed  the  Zulus,  captured  King  Cetewayo  and  brought  the  war  to  an  end  before  the  middle  of  Autumn 
of  1879.  It  was  in  this  war  that  the  French  Prince  Imperial,  son  of  Louis  (Napoleon  III.)  and  Eugenie, 
was  killed. 

Egyptian  War,  1882 — A  revolution  having  been  accomplished  by  Arabi  Pasha  in  Egypt,  both  sidea 
appealed  to  the  powers.  On  May  17,  1882,  English  and  French  fleets  were  ordered  to  Alexandria.  The 
representatives  of  Great  Britain  demanded  the  dismissal  of  the  New  National  Ministry  and  the  exile  of 
Arabi  Pasha.  The  first  of  these  demands  was  complied  with,  but  the  Egyptians  declined  to  banish  Arabl. 
Riots  broke  out  in  Alexandria.  Sir  Beauchamp  Seymour  sent  an  ultimatum  to  the  Egyptian  Nationalists 
to  cease  repairing  and  manning  the  fortifications,  and  two  days  later  bombarded  Alexandria.  An  Anglo- 
Indian  army  of  30,000,  under  Sir  Garnet  Wolseley,  fought  the  Battle  of  Tel-el-Keber,  September  9,  1882. 
Arabl's  forces  were  defeated,  the  Provisional  Government  overthrown,  and  Arabi  was  surrendered. 

Serbo-Bulgarlan  War,  1885 — King  Milan  of  Serbia  declared  war  on  Bulgaria,  November  14,  1885. 
The  Berlin  Congress  of  1878,  by  its  revision  of  the  Treaty  of  San  Stefano,  created  two  states  In  the  Balkan 
Peninsula,  Bulgaria  and  Eastern  Rumelia.  Serbian  forces  were  concentrated  on  the  Bulgarian  frontier 
October  1  to  12,  owing  to  disputes  as  to  boundaries.  Hostilities  ceased  November  28,  1885,  through  the 
intervention  of  Austria.  The  Bulgarian  Army  numbered  55,000;  the  RumeUan  35,000,  plus  a  "bandit 
brigade,"  composed  of  Macedonians,  Turks,  Jews,  etc.,  3,000. 

China-Japanese  War,  1894-1895 — The  cause  was  the  Chinese  claim  of  suzerainty  over  Korea,  which 
Japan  disputed.  Japan  issued  an  ultimatum  to  the  Korean  Government  July  20,  1894.  War  was  formally 
declared  August  1.  There  had  been  fighting  before  that.  The  Battle  of  Pingyang  was  fought  September 
16,  1894.  The  Japanese  killed  or  captured  7,000  Chinese.  The  naval  battle  of  Yalu  occurred  September 
16,  1894.  The  loss  of  this  fight  led  to  degradation  of  Pi-lme  Minister  LI  Hung  Chang.  Port  Arthur  waa 
captured  November  2,  1894.  Two  Japanese  armies  of  12,500  each  were  sent  Into  Manchuria,  and  a  third 
army  of  22,000  went,  under  Marshal  Oyama,  to  Peking.  These  armies  opposed  60,000  Chinese.  The  Japanese 
captured  Kalphlng  in  December,  1894.  In  January,  1895,  14,000  Cliinese  attacked  the  Japanese  at  Hal- 
lung,  and  were  repulsed.  Early  in  February,  1895,  over  25,000  Japanese  landed  on  Shantung  Peninsula 
and  seized  Weiheiwal,  Chinese  troops,  9,000  in  number,  fleeing.  On  Felvuary  16,  1895,  the  Chinese 
fleet  surrendered.  Admiral  Ting,  Commodore  Liu  and  Gen.  Ching,  of  the  garrison,  all  three,  committed 
suicide.  On  March  1  the  Japanese  captured  Nluchwang,  and  on  March  6  KInyang.  On  March  9  they 
burned  the  City  of  Thienchuiangthai.  A  peace  treaty  was  signed  April  17,  1895,  guaranteeing  the  inde- 
pendence of  Korea;  the  south  part  of  Fengtien  to  belong  to  Japan,  as  well  as  parts  of  the  country  between 
Yalu  and  Llao;  and  the  Island  of  Formosa,  of  Pescadore  group.  Indemnity  of  200,000,000  kuping  taels 
was  paid  by  China.  Russia,  Germany,  and  France  objected  to  the  ceding  to  Japan  of  the  Liaotung  Penin- 
sula, and  Japan  accepted  30,000,000  taels  instead. 

A  treaty  of  peace  was  signed  April  17,  1895.  The  Japanese  lost  4,177  by  death  in  action  or  by  slcknesa 
and  56,862  wounded  and  disabled.     Impossible  to  estimate  Chinese  losses. 

Cuban  Insurrection,  1895 — There  were  simultaneous  uprisings  In  Santiago,  Santa  Clara  and  Matanzaa 
on  February  24,  1895.  The  Spanish  Captain  General,  Calleja,  had  at  that  time  a  force  of  about  9,000, 
and  4,000  recruits  were  sent  to  reinforce  him.  Early  in  March,  1895,  a  force  of  20,000  men  waa  sent  by 
Spain  to  Cuba  to  put  down  the  Insurrection.  On  March  25  Cuba  declared  its  Independence,  with  Dr. 
Tomas  Estrado  Palma,  President;  Jose  Marti,  Secretary,  and  Gen.  Gomez,  Commander-in-Chief.  On 
May  18,  Bartolome  Masso  was  elected  President.  When  the  Spanish-American  War  was  at  its  crisis  in 
the  midsummer  of  1898  Gen.  Garcia,  in  command  of  a  Cuban  patriot  army,  co-operated  with  Gen.  Shafter 
in  the  campaign  which  ended  with  the  capture  of  Santiago  and  the  collapse  of  the  Spanish  rule. 

Greco-Turkish  War  of  1897 — The  Island  of  Crete  rebelled  against  Turkey  in  February,  1897.  The 
Greek  Government  sent  an  army,  under  Col.  Vassas,  to  Crete's  support.  Turkey  appealed  to  the  powers 
and  foreign  fleets  bore  down  on  Crete  and  blockaded  the  island.  Parts  of  Thessaly  had  been  conceded  to 
Greece  by  the  Berlin  Conference  of  1878,  but  never  given  up  to  it  by  Turkey,  which  now  advanced  into 
Thessaly,  a  formal  declaration  of  war  being  Issued  April  17,  1897.  The  principal  battles  were  Pharsalla 
and  Domokas  (fought  May  17,  1897),  where  the  Turks,  numbering  50,000,  stormed  fortified  position  of 
the  Greeks  and  drove  them  out  toward  Lamia  and  Thermopylae.  The  Russian  Czar  admonished  the 
Sultan  of  Turkey  that  If  the  latter  marched  on  Athens  a  Bulgarian  army  would  be  sent  against  him.  The 
Insurrection  in  Crete  was  quieted,  the  island  returned  to  the  Sultan,  and  the  status  quo  between  Turkey 

Philippine  Insurrection,  1896,  and  Philippine  War,  1899-1902 — Toward  the  end  of  the  summer 
of  1896  an  insurrection  against  Spain,  led  by  a  Dr.  Rizal,  was  suppressed  and  Rlzal  executed.  The  rebellion 
was  revived  under  Emillo  Aguinaldo. 

The  Spanish-American  War,  resulting  in  the  cession  of  the  Philippines,  ended  temporarily  the  troubles 
In  the  Philippines.  On  February  4,  1899,  Filipinos  attacked  the  American  forces  near  Manila.  On  the 
next  day  Admiral  Dewey  opened  fire  on  them.  The  Americans  lost  49  killed  and  149  wounded.  Warfare 
mainly  of  a  guerilla  nature  followed,  and  April  8,  1899,  an  expedition  set  out  from  Manila,  consisting  of 
1,500  troops  under  Gen.  Lawton.  On  April  10  Santa  Cruz  was  captured,  the  Americans  losing  one  killed 
and  nine  wounded.    The  Filipinos  lost  93  killed  and  many  wounded. 

Spanlsh-Amertcan  War,  1898 — On  February  15,  1898,  the  American  battleship  Maine,  at  anchor 


Wars  oj  the  Last  HatJ  Uentury— Continued.  «i^7 

In  the  Harbor  of  Havana,  was  sunk  by  an  explosion,  266  Americans  being  lost.  Spain  disavowed  bavins 
anything  to  do  witb  tiie  explosioii.  A  resolution  was  passed  by  the  House  ot  Representatives,  at  Wasb- 
iDgton,  April  19,  1898,  declaring  that  the  people  of  Cuba  "are  and  of  right  ought  to  be  free  and  independent." 
Blmilar  resolutions  were  passed  by  the  Senate,  and  a  concurrent  measui-e  was  signed  by  President  McKinley. 
An  ultimatum  was  sent  to  Spain  demanding  that  she  wthdraw  her  forces  from  Cuba  on  or  before  April 
23.  Spain  considered  this  a  declaration  of  war,  diplomatic  relations  were  broken  on  April  21,  a  Cuban 
blockade  was  declared  April  22,  Spain  spoke  for  <var  on  April  24,  and  President  McKinley  Issued  a  proc- 
lamation April  28,  declaring  that  a  state  of  war  existed.  He  called  for  125,000  volunteers.  On  May  1 
Commodore  Dewey  fought  the  Battle  of  Manila  Bay,  destroying  the  Spanish  fleet,  and  on  June  3,  at  night. 
Commander  R.  P.  Hobson,  of  Alabama,  took  the  United  States  coliiei-  Mcrrimac  into  Santiago  (Cuba) 
Harbor  and  sunk  her  in  the  channel,  partly  bottling  up  the  Spanish  fleet.  On  July  3  C-ommodores  Sampson 
and  Schley  destroyed  Cervera's  fleet  while  It  was  attempting  to  escape  from  Santiago  and  adjacent  waters. 
A  United  States  Army  corps  had  landed  In  Cuba  on  June  21.  The  Battle  of  San  Juan  HUl  was  fought  on 
July  1,  resulting  In  the  capture  of  Santiago  by  the  Americans.  The  city  surrendered  on  July  17.  A  protocol 
(prelimluary  to  a  peace  treaty)  was  signed  August  12,  1898;  Manila  surrendered  to  the  Americans  on 
August  13  and  the  Treaty  of  Paris  was  signed  December  12,  1898.  By  its  temis  the  independence  or 
Cuba  was  guaranteed,  and  Porto  Rico  was  ceded  to  the  United  States,  also  the  Island  of  Guam,  of  tiae 
Ladrones.    Spain  also  relinquished  the  Pliillppines,  receiving  from  the  United  States  $20,000,000. 

Boxer  Troubles  in  China,  1898-1900 — The  Spanish  Minister  at  Peking  on  May  24,  1898,  made  a 
demand  on  China  for  suppression  of  the  Boxers.  On  May  29,  1898,  all  foreign  ships  at  Taku,  on  the  wtst 
coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Pechill,  landed  marines  and  prepared  to  maixh  to  their  legations  in  Peking.  At  noon. 
May  31,  360  men,  British,  Italian,  Russian,  French,  Americans,  and  Japane.se  marines,  set  out  for  Peking. 
On  June  10  a  reUef  expedition  of  2,500  men,  under  British  Admiral  Seymour,  was  d«ipatched  to  Pekingi 
The  expedition  was  made  up  of  British,  Russians,  Germans,  French,  Italians,  A^strians,  Japanese  and 
Americans.  On  June  13  and  14  this  force  was  compelled  to  return  to  Tientsin.  On  JiHie  16  the  Chinese 
flred  on  the  foreign  fleet  Ij'ing  before  Taku.  A  battle  ensued,  lasting-  several  hours,  tn  which  two  Chinese 
forts  were  destroyed  and  the  remainder  captured.  A  British  gunboat  and  a  German  warsliip  were  badly 
damaged,  two  British  merchant  vessels  sunk,  and  a  Russian  gimboat  blown  up.  The  AUits  had  20  killed 
and  57  wounded.  The  foreign  army  now  massed  at  Taku.  The  Americans  numbered  altogether  about 
5,000  regulars,  Japan  15,000,  Great  Britain  10,000.  Russia,  Germany,  France,  and  other  nations  sent 
contingents  mostly  too  late  to  take  part  In  the  flgliting.  In  all,  the  foreign  troops  amounted  to  60,000. 
In  the  fighting  at  Tientsin,  July  13  and  14,  the  Allies  lost  in  killed  and  wounded  neariy  800,  and  had  pre- 
viously lost  more  than  600. 

A  force  of  16,000  marched  from  Tientsin  to  the  relief  of  Peking  August  4.  There  were  Russian,  Japant^se, 
English,  and  American  troops.  In  a  battle  on  August  5,  with  30,000  ClUnese,  the  Allies  lost  over  1,000 
killed  and  wounded  and  tne  Chinese  over  4,000.  At  Yangtau,  on  August  6,  the  Chinese  lost  2,000,  Allies 
700.  Of  these,  Americans  numbered  10  killed  and  62  wounded.  In  eight  days  this  expeditionary  force 
marched  seventy  miles,  losing  nearly  13  per  cent,  of  their  numbers.  The  casualties  of  tlie  Chinese  were  three 
times  that  of  the  Allies.  On  August  14  Peking  was  captured,  but  the  sacred  "Forbidden  Cityi'  was  not 
entered  until  September  4,  when  8,000  allied  troops  marched  in.  Two  hundred  Chineee  officials  committed 
suicide  because  of  the  desecration  of  their  city. 

The  Philippine  War,  1899-1902 — This  was  preceded  in  1896  by  an  insurrection  by  the  natives  against 
Spain.  The  rebels  were  led  by  Dr.  Rlza!,  and  Emlllo  Aguinaldo  is  said  to  have  taken  a  prominent  part. 
The  .Spanish-American  W.ar,  resulting  In  the  cession  of  the  Philippines,  ended  temporarily  the  troubles 
there;  but  soon  after  the  American  occupancy  another  insurrection  began  at  Manila.    On  February  4, 

1899,  forces  of  Filipinos  attacked  the  American  forces  near  the  city.  On  the  next  day  Admiral  Dewey 
opened  fire  on  them  from  the  ships  in  the  harbor.  The  Battle  of  Pasig  was  fought  on  March  13;  Santa- 
CtWi  was  captured  April  25;  San  Fernando  on  May  5;  the  Battle  of  Bacorrwns  fought  June  13;  that  of 
Imus,  June  16;  that  of  Colamba,  July  26;  that  of  Callulut,  August  19;  and  that  of  Angeles,  August  16. 

Major  John  A.  Logan  was  killed  November  11,  Gen.  Gregorla  del  Pilar  December  10,  and  Gen.  Lawton 
December  19.  On  February  25,  1900,  William  Howard  Taft  headed  a  comm.i8.sion  to  the  Philippines; 
Aguinaldo  was  captured  March  23,  1901;  and  the  Military  Governorship  ended  on  July  4,  1902. 

South  African  (or  Boer)  War,  1899-1902 — Whmi  there  came  to  be  more  English  than  there  were 
Dutch  in  the  Transvaal  Republic  the  Knglish  desired  franchise  rights,  which  the  Dut«h  failed  to  give  them. 
Conferences  and  negotiatioiis  through  diplomatic  channels,  mainly  correspondence  of  British  Colonial 
Secretary  Chamberlain,  were  carried  on  from  May  31  to  September  22,  1899,  the  English  demanding  franclilse 
rights  and  the  tise  of  the  English  language  In  the  Boer  Legislature.  On  September  22  a  note  fi-om  t.hc 
British  Government  declared  that  it  would  be  "compelled  to  consider  the  situation  afresh  and  form',:!at<> 
Its  own  proposition  for  a  final  settlement."  This  note,  in  conjunction  with  active  military  preparations, 
was  accepted  by  Boers  as  a  virtual  declaration  of  war.  On  October  7,  1899,  the  Boers  sent  their  ultimatum. 
Then  the  war  began.  At  Glencoe  and  Elands  Laagte,  October  20  and  21,  the  British  lost  16  officers  and 
62  men  killed,  and  51  officers  and  268  men  woimded.  At  Splou  Kop,  January  23-25,  1900,  a  British  force 
was  almost  annihilated,  the  remnant  of  200  surrendering.  The  siege  of  Ladysmith  lasted  from  October 
30,  1899,  to  March  1,  1900,  finally  being  relieved  by  Gen.  Buller.  The  garrison,  at  first  consisted  of  12,000  , 
troops,  2,000  ci\'ilians,  and  4,000  luitives.   The  siege  of  Mafoking  lasted  from  October  9,  1899,  to  May  17, 

1900.  The  Boers  at  Ladysmith  numbered  6,000.  Gen.  Crouje's  army  was  from  7,000  to  8,000,  while  C.'ea. 
Roberts  had  between  40,000  and  50,000.  Cronje  capitulated  February  27,  1900,  his  force  then  numbering 
d.OOO. 

The  Ti-ansvaal  Repulilic,  under  the  name  of  "Tianm'aal  Province,"  was  formally  annexed  to  the  British 
Empire  by  proclamation  .September  1,  1900.  The  British  losses  were  48,640 — 21,657  killed  in  action,  680 
died  of  woimds.  4,337  of  disease,  2,689  missing  and  prisoners,  the  remainder  invalided  home.  The  expense 
Of  the  Boer  War,  up  to  September,  1900,  was  half  a  billion  dollars.  Johannesburg  was  captured  May  30. 
1900;  Pi-etoria  on  June  4,  1900;  Gen.  Methuen  on  March  7,  1902.  After  the  Transvaal  Republic  was 
annexed  the  Orange  Free  State  continued  the  war,  and  in  November  and  December,  1000,  the  British 
suffered  defeats  in  Dewetsdorp,  so  that  in  February,  1901,  an  additional  force  of  30,000  English  Boldiers 
was  sent  to  South  Africa.  On  March  8,  1902,  an  armistice  of  one  week  was  declai-ed.  Final  negotlationa 
for  peace  were  instituted  March  23,  1902,  and  a  basis  of  settlement  reached  June  2,  1902. 

Russo-Japanese  War  of  1904-1905 — The  cause  was  the  occupation  by  Russia  of  Port  Arthur,  wlxieh 
the  Japanese  had  got  by  their  war  with  China,  and  the  extension  of  Russian  infiuence  Into  Manchm-ia  an* 
Korea.  Negotiations  between  Russia  and  Japan  were  broken  off  February  5,  1904;  and  a  declaration  of 
war  issued  February  10.  Japan's  fighting  forces  numbered  270,000,  of  whom  200,000  were  trained.  Russia, 
nominally,  had  an  ai-my  of  almost  1,000,000,  but  it  was  unprepared.  At  the  Battle  of  Yalu,  Japan  lost 
1,100  out  of  over  40,000,  Russian  losses  were  2,500  out  of  7,000.  At  Nauschan,  the  Japanese  lost  4.500 
out  of  30,000;  the  Russian  lost  fully  one-half  of  the  3,000  engaged.  At  Telllson,  the  Japanese  lost  1,200 
out  of  35,000;  the  Russians  3,600  out  of  25,000.  In  actions  on  the  eastern  front,  Russia  lost  2,400,  the 
Japanese  1.000.  At  Port  Arthur  the  Russians  had  300,000  and  Japanese  220,000.  The  Japanese  lost 
8,()00,  the  Russians  10,000.  At  Mukden  the  Russian  losses  were  97,000;  the  Japanese  between  40,000 
and  50,000.  The  Russian  battleslilp  Petropavlovsk  was  sunk  April  13,  1904;  the  Japanese  battleship, 
Hatsuse  and  the  cruiser  Yoslilno  on  May  15;  the  Nanshan  Hill  battles  occurred  May  21-27;  Dalny  was  ; 
captured  May  30;  Vafangow  battle  was  fought  June  14;  Kaiping  was  captured  July  8;  the  attack  on  Port, 
Arthur  was  begun  July  20;  Newchang  was  evacuated  Juiy  25,  and  Haleheng  on  August  3;  the  n(iyal  battle v 


628  **  With  Iron  Fist  and  Shining  Swoi'd.'* 


WARS  OF  THE  LAST  HALF  CE'STURY—ConUnved. 


Of  Port  Arthur  waa  on  August  10;  the  Battle  of  Liaoyang  August  26  to  September  4;  Battle  of  Sha  River, 
October  12-19;  Dogger  Bank  affair,  October  22;  203-Metre  HIU  was  taken  November  30;  North  Keekwan 
on  December  18;  Knrlungshan  on  December  25;  Sungs  Hushan  on  December  31;  Port  Arthur  surrendered 
January  1-2,  19©S;  tfae  Battle  of  Mukden  was  February  24  to  March  12;  that  of  the  Sea  of  Japan.  May 
27-28;  and  Siakhaiio  was  captured  July  31.  The  war  was  ended  by  the  Treaty  of  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  signed 
August  23,  1905.  By  its  terms  Russia  ceded  one-half  of  Saghalien,  agreed  to  surrender  its  lease  of  Ktvang- 
tung  Peninsula  aad  Port  Arthur,  to  evacuate  Manchuria,  and  to  recognize  Japan's  sphere  of  Influence  in 
Korea.     This  treaty  was  preceded  by  President  Roosevelt's  peace  proposal  of  June  7. 

Italian-Turkish  War,  1911-1912 — This  was  the  first  war  in  which  aeroplanes  were  put  to  practical 
militarj'  use,  and  though  only  a  few  were  used  by  the  Italians,  lessons  were  learned  there  which  caused 
France  and  Gerraaay  to  t«ke  up  seriously  the  development  of  that  type  of  warfare.  The  cause  of  the  war 
was  alleged  mistreatment  of  Italians  by  Turkish  ofBcials  In  Tripoli.  Italians  had  already  undertaken 
colonization  in  that  part  of  Northern  Africa.  War  was  declared  by  Italy  September  29,  1911.  Tripoli 
was  bombarded  October  3-5,  and  was  captured  on  the  latter  date.  The  Turks  were  repulsed  on  land  by 
the  Italians  on  October  30;  and  on  January  7,  1912,  seven  Turkish  gunboats  were  sunk;  Beirut  was  bom- 
barded  on  February  24;  and  Tripoli  was  annexed  February  25.  The  Island  of  Rhodes  was  seized  on  May 
4,  1912;  the  Battle  of  Zanzur  Oasis  occurred  on  June  9;  the  town  of  Sldl  All  was  captured  on  July  14,  and 
a  peace  treaty  was  rtgned  on  October  18,  1912.  The  Italian  Chamber  ratified  on  February  23,  1912,  a 
ball  containing  a  decree  of  Tripoli  annexation.  Italy,  by  the  Treaty  of  Ouchy,  was  given  sovereignty  over 
Tripoli,  and  agreed  that  the  natives  should  have  religious  freedom. 

.  Balkan-Turkleh  War,  1912-1913 — This  Is  known  as  the  First  Balkan  War.  It  was  begim  on  Sep- 
tember 30,  1912  br  a  former  alliance  of  Bulgaria,  Serbia,  Greece,  and  Montenegro,  against  Turkey.  Hos- 
tilities commenced  October  9,  1912.  The  Battle  of  Kirk  Kilesseh  was  fought  October  24,  1912;  the  Battle 
of  Lule  Burgas,  Ootob«-  29-31;  and  the  City  of  Salonica  was  captured  on  November  8.  Then  came  the 
taking  of  Monastir  on  November  18,  followed  by  the  London  Peace  Conference,  opening  on  September 
16  and  terminating  taefleotually  on  January  29,  1913.  War  was  resumed  on  February  3;  Janina  was  captured 
on  March  6;  Adrianople  on  March  27,  Scutari  on  April  23.  The  powers  then  captured  the  latter  city  on 
May  14.  The  Peaoe  Conference  was  resumed,  and  the  treaty  was  signed  on  May  30,  1913,  by  which  Turkey 
gave  up  all  its  Europenn  t«rritory  west  of  a  line  drawn  from  Mldla,  on  the  Black  Sea,  to  Enos,  on  the  Aegean 
Sea.  and  also  the  Island  of  Crete.  Quarrels  among  the  Balkan  League  over  the  division  of  territory  led 
to  what  is  called  'the  Second  Balkan  War,  fighting  In  which  was  begun  on  May  23,  1913.  The  first  battle 
was  fought  at  Nokrea  on  June  10,  followed  by  the  capture  of  KUkish  on  July  4,  and  by  that  of  Seres  Kavala 
on  July  9.  Roumania  and  Turkey  attacked  Bulgaria  on  July  12,  and  on  July  21  the  Turks  reoccupied 
Adrianople.  On  August  10  (July  26.  old  style),  1913,  peace  was  made  by  the  Treaty  of  Bucharest,  between 
Bulgaria  and  Reumaoie,  Greece  and  Montenegro. 


"WITH    IRON    FIST    AND    SHINING    SWORD." 

The  German  Hmperor,  in  an  address  to  his  Secoud  Army,  on  the  VA'estern  Front,  on  December  22, 
1917,  said:  "It  has  been  a  year  full  of  events  for  the  German  Army  and  the  German  Fatherland.  Powerful 
blows  have  been  delivered,  and  your  comrades  in  the  east  have  been  able  to  bring  about  great  decisions. 
Thefe  has  been  no  man,  no  officer,  and  no  General  on  the  whole  eastern  front,  wherever  I  have  spoken  to 
them,  who  has  not  frankly  admitted  that  they  could  not  have  accomplished  what  they  have  if  their  com- 
rades In  the  west  had  not  stood  to  a  man.  But  for  the  calm  and  heroic  warriors  on  the  western  front  the 
enormous  deployment  of  German  forces  In  the  east  and  In  Italy  never  would  have  been  po&sible.  The 
fighter  in  the  west  h*3  exposed  heroically  his  body  so  that  his  brothers  on  the  Dvina  and  the  Isonzo  might 
storm  from  victory  to  victory.  The  fearful  battles  on  the  bloody  hills  around  Verdun  were  not  in  vain. 
They  created  new  foundations  for  the  conduct  of  the  war.  The  tactical  and  strategical  connection  between 
the  battles  on  the  Alsne,  in  the  Champqgne,  Artols,  and  Flanders  and  at  Cambral,  and  the  events  in  the 
east  and  In  Italy  ie  so  manifest  that  It  is  useless  to  waste  words  on  it. 

"With  a  centraUzed  direction,  the  German  Army  works  in  a  centralized  manner.  In  order  that  we 
should  be  able  to  deliver  these  offensive  blows  one  portion  of  the  army  had  to  remain  on  the  defensive, 
hard  as  this  is  for  the  German  soldier.  Such  a  defensive  battle,  however,  as  has  been  fought  in  1917  la 
without  parallel.  A  fraction  of  the  German  Army  accepted  the  heavy  task,  covering  Its  comrades  in  the 
east  unconditionally,  and  it  had  the  entire  Anglo-French  Army  against  itself.  In  long  preparation  the 
enemy  had  collected  unheard-of  technical  means  and  masses  of  ammunition  and  guns  in  order  to  make 
his  entry  into  Brussels  over  your  front,  as  he  proudly  announced.  The  enemy  has  achieved  nothing.  The 
most  gigantic  feat  ever  accomplished  by  an  army,  and  one  without  parallel  In  history,  was  accomplished 
by  the  German  Army.  I  do  not  boast.  It  is  a  fact  and  nothing  cLse.  The  admiration  you  have  earned 
shall  be  your  reward,  and  at  the  same  time  your  pride.  Nothing  can  in  any  way  place  In  the  shade  or 
surpass  what  you  have  accomplished,  however  great  and  overwhelming  it  may  be. 

"The  year  1917,  with  its  great  battles,  has  proved  that  the  German  people  has  in  the  Lord  of  Creation 
above  an  tmconditlonal  and  avowed  ally  on  whom  It  can  absolutely  rely.  Without  Him  all  would  have 
been  in  vain.  Every  one  of  you  had  to  exert  every  nerve  to  the  utmost.  I  know  that  every  one  of  you 
In  the  unparalleled  drumfire  did  superhuman  deeds.  The  feeling  may  have  been  frequently  with  you: 
'If  we  only  had  something  behind  us;  if  we  only  had  some  reliefl'  It  came  as  the  result  of  the  blow  In 
the  eivst,  where  it  is  seen  that  the  storms  of  war  are  at  present  silenced.  God  grant  that  It  may  be  forever! 
Yesterday  I  saw  and  spoke  to  your  comrades  near  Verdun,  and  there,  passing  tlu'ough  all  minds  like  the 
scent  of  the  morning  breeze,  was  the  thought:  'You  are  no  longer  alone.'  The  great  successes  and  victories 
of  the  recent  past,  the  great  days  of  battle  in  Flanders  and  before  Cambral,  where  the  first  crushing  offensive 
blow  delivered  upon  the  arrogant  British  showed  that  despite  three  years  of  war  and  suffering  our  troops 
still  retained  their  old  offensive  spirit,  have  their  effect  on  the  entire  Fatherland  and  on  the  enemy.  We 
do  not  know  wliat  is  still  in  store  for  us,  but  you  have  seen  how  in  this  last  of  the  foiu'  years  of  war  God'a 
hand  has  visibly  prevailed,  punished  treachery,  and  rewarded  heroic  persistence.  From  this  we  can  gain 
firm  confidence  that  the  Lord  will  be  with  us  in  the  future  also.  *  *  *. 

"If  the  enemy  does  not  want  peace,  then  we  must  bring  peace  to  the  world  by  battering  in  with  the 
iron  Qst  and  shining  sword  the  doors  of  those  who  will  not  have  peace." 

"FORWARD  WITH  GOD  TO  FRESH  DEEDS." 
On  January  1,  1918,  the  German  Emperor,  in  a  New  Year's  greeting  to  liis  troops,  said:  "The  German 
people  in  arms  has  thus  everywhere,  on  land  and  sea,  achieved  great  deeds.  But  our  enemies  stlU  hope, 
with  the  assistance  of  new  allies,  to  defeat  you  and  then  to  destroy  forever  the  world  position  won  by  Germany 
in  hard  endeavor.  They  will  not  succeed.  Trusting  in  our  righteous  cause  and  in  our  strength,  we  lace 
the  year  1918  %vlth  firm  confidence  and  iron  will.  Therefore,  forward  with  God  to  fresh  deeds  and  fresh 
victorlesr' 

The  German  Crown  Prince,  in  his  New  Year's  greeting  to  his  army,  said:  "Proud,  and  with  a  thankful 
heart,  I  behold  you,  my  brave,  resolute  leaders  aud  my  heroic  troops.  With  an  unstained  shield  and  a 
Bharp  sword  we  stand  on  the  threshold  of  the  new  year  around  the  Imperial  War  Lord,  ready  to  strike  and 
win,  God  with  us." 


Gen.  Foch  Tells  How  to  Wiji  in  Warfare.  629 


UNITED    STATES-JAPANESE    ACTfON    tN    SIBERIA. 

.  _  I''^  Acting  Secretary  of  State,  at  Washington,  Issued  on  August  5.  1918,  the  foUowing  statement  on 
American-Japanese  action  in  Siberia:  "In  the  judgment  of  the  Government  of  the  Uclted  States,  a,  iiidc- 
ment  arrived  at  alter  repeated  and  very  searching  considerations  of  tlie  whole  situation— maitarv  intS- 
vaitlon  in  Russia  would  be  more  Iilcely  to  add  to  the  present  sad  confusion  there  than  to  cure  It,  and  woai<J 
Injure  Russia  rather  than  help  her  out  of  her  dlsti-esses.  Such  military  intervention  aa  has  been  maet- 
ireanently  proposed,  even  supposing  it  to  be  efficacious  in  its  immediate  object  of  delivering  an  attach 
upon  Germany  from  the  east,  would  in  its  judgment  be  more  lilcely  to  turn  out  to  be  merely  a  method  of 
making  use  of  Russia  than  to  be  a  method  of  serving  her.  Her  people,  if  they  profited  by  it  at  all,  coold 
not  proflt  by  it  in  tune  to  deliver  them  from  their  present  desperate  difficulties,  and  their  substance  would 
meantime  be  used  to  maintain  foreign  armies,  not  to  reconstitute  their  own  or  to  feed  their  own  men,  womai 
and  children  We  are  bending  aU  our  energies  now  to  the  purpose,  tlie  resolute  and  confident  purpose,  of 
winning  on  the  western  front,  and  it  would  in  the  judgment  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  be 
most  unwise  to  divide  or  dissipate  our  forces.  As  the  Government  of  the  United  States  sees  the  present 
circumstances,  therefore,  military  action  is  admissible  in  Russia  now  only  to  render  auch  protection  and 
help  as  is  possible  to  the  Czecho-SIovaks  against  the  armed  Austrian  and  German  prisoners  who  are  attach- 
ing them  and  to  steady  any  efforts  at  self-government  or  6elf-<lefense  in  which  the  Russians  themselves- 
may  be  willing  to  accept  assistance.  Whether  from  Vladivostok  or  from  Murmansk  and  Archangel,  the 
only  present  object  for  which  American  troops  will  be  employed  will  be  to  guard  military  stores  which  may 
subsequently  be  needed  by  Russian  forces,  and  to  render  such  aid  as  may  be  acceptable  to  the  Russians 
in  the  organization  of  their  own  self-defense.  With  such  objects  in  view  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  is  now  co-operating  with  the  Governments  of  France  and  Great  Britain  in  the  neighborhood  ot 
Murmansk  and  Archangel.  The  United  States  and  Japan  are  the  only  powers  which  are  just  now  in  a 
position  to  act  in  Siberia  in  suflaclent  force  to  accomplish  even  such  modest  objects  as  those  that  have  been 
outlined.  The  Government  of  the  United  States  has,  therefore,  proposed  to  the  Government  of  Japan 
tha.t  each  of  the  two  Governments  send  a  force  of  a  few  thousand  men  to  Vladivostok,  with  the  purpose 
of  co-operating  as  a  single  force  in  the  occupation  of  Vladivostok  and  in  safeguarding,  so  far  as  it  may,  the 
country  to  the  rear  of  the  westward-moving  Czecho-SIovaks;  and  the  Japanese  Government  has  consented. 
"In  taking  this  action  the  Government  of  the  United  States  mshe^  to  announce  to  the  people  of  Russia. 
Jn  the  most  public  and  solemn  manner,  that  it  contemplates  no  interference  with  the  political  sovereignty' 
of  Russia,  no  intervention  in  her  internal  affairs — not  even  in  the  local  affairs  of  the  limited  areas  whic& 
her  miUtajy  force  may  be  obliged  to  occupy — and  no  impairment  of  her  territorial  integrity,  either  now 
or  hereafter,  but  that  what  we  are  about  to  do  has  as  its  single  and  only  object  the  rendering  of  sueli  aid 
as  sliall  be  acceptable  to  the  Russian  people  themselves  in  their  endeavors  to  regain  control  of  their  own 
affairs,  their  own  territory,  and  their  own  destiny.  The  Japanese  Government,  it  is  understood,  will  issue 
a  similar  assurance.  These  plans  and  purposes  of  the  Governmeijt  of  the  United  States  havp  been  com- 
municated to  the  Governments  of  Great  Britain,  France,  and  Italy,  and  those  Governments  have  advfeetf 
the  Department  of  State  that  they  assent  to  them  in  principle.  No  conclusion  that  the  Government  oJ 
the  United  States  has  arrived  at  in  this  important  matter  is  intended,  however,  as  an  effort  to  restrict  the 
actions  or  interfere  with  the  Independent  judgment  of  the  Governments  with  which  we  ere  now  associated 
In  the  war.  It  is  also  the  hope  and  purpose  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  to  take  advantage 
of  the  earliest  opportunity  to  send  to  Siberia  a  commission  of  merchants,  agricultural  experts,  labor  advisers, 
Red  Cross  representatives,  and  agents  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  accustomed  to  organizing: 
the  best  methods  of  spreading  useful  information  and  rendering  educational  help  of  a  modest  kind  in  orde? 
Jn  some  systematic  way  to  reUeve  the  Immediate  economic  necessities  of  the  people  there  in  every  way  for 
which  an  opportunity  may  open.  The  execution  of  this  plan  will  follow,  and  will  not  be  permitted  to  em- 
barrass the  military  assistance  rendered  to  the  Czecho-SIovaks.  It  is  the  hope  and  expectation  of  th«- 
Government  of  the  United  States  that  the  Governments  with  which  it  is  associated  will,  wherever  Dcees.'=sj'r 
or  possible,  lend  their  active  aid  in  the  execution  of  these  military  and  economic  plans." 

COST  OF  DESTROYED  INDUSTRIES  IN  NORTHERN  FRANCE. 

(By  P.  C.  Williams,  United  States  Commercial  Attache,  Paris.) 
FiGTjKES  give  little  idea  of  the  material  destroyed.  But,  because  there  is  no  other  way,  the  follov.  ing 
statistics  are  given  as  representing  the  cost  of  construction  before  the  war  of  a  few  of  the  industries  ©f 
Northern  France  that  are  known  to  have  suffered  worst;  they  are  furnished  by  a  trustworthy  and  semi- 
omcial  source:  Spinning  of  combed  wool  (2,400,000  spindles),  192,000,000  francs:  spinning  of  cottOB 
(2,800,000  spindles),  184,000,000  francs;  spinning  of  flax  (500,000  spindles),  100,000,000  francs;  wool  weaving 
(5(i,000  looms),  92,000,000  francs;  weaving  of  cotton  cloth  (29,000- looms),  46,000,000  francs;  central  elf f trie 
stations  and  lines  of  distribution  (300,000  kw.),  250,000,000  francs;  machinery  and  electrical  manufacturing 
plants,  500,000,000  francs;  sugar  refineries,  135,000.000  francs;  breweries,  137,000,000  francs;  small  macliJue 
shops,  350,000,000  francs;  coal  mines,  900,000,000  francs;  li-ou  mines,  blast  furnaces,  and  steel  works, 
2,500,000,000  francs. 

These  figures  do  not  include  the  value  of  the  land  on  which  buildings  stood ;  nor,  with  the  exception 
of  the  coal  mines,  tlie  blast  furnaces,  and  steel  works,  do  they  include  the  value  of  the  buildings  themseives. 
Neither  do  they  include  the  value  of  stocks  of  raw  materials  and  merchandise  in  course  of  manufacture. 
The  loss  of  these  stocks  may  be  considered  as  complete.  In  addit'f'n,  there  were  many  othei'  flourisliine 
trades  represented  by  up-to-date  installations.  Ice-making  plants,  glass  works,  pubUc  works,  gas  and 
water  works,  pottery  works,  oil  worte,  flour  mills,  printing  plants,  establishments  for  dyeing  and  bleaching 
textiles,  food-eouserving  plants,  chemical  and  fertilizer  works,  et-c.,  abounded  in  the  invaded  regions  el 
France.  Their  buildings,  tools,  and  stocks  of  merchandise  represented  an  enormous  outlay  at  capital. 
The  cost  ol  replacing  these  industries  to-day  is  conservatively  estimated  as  nearly  three  times  the  original  cost. 

CEN.    FOCH    TELLS    HOW    TO    WIN    IN    WARFARE. 

(From  an  article  by  him  in  the  London  Field,  in  June,  1918.) 
"Modem  war,  to  arrive  at  Its  end — to  Impose  Its  will  on  the  enemy — recognizes  only  one  meane,  tlie 
destruction  of  the  enemy's  organized  forces.  War  undertakes  and  prepares  tills  destruction  by  the  battl^ 
which  brings  about  the  overthrow  of  the  advereary,  disorganizes  his  command,  destroys  his  discipline  and 
liaisons,  and  nullifies  his  units  so  far  as  their  fighting  power  is  concerned.  From  Oils  it  Is  an  obvious 
corollary  that  the  offensive,  whether  started  at  the  beginning  of  the  action  or  whether  It  follows  the  defensive, 
can  alone  give  results,  and  In  consequence  mtist  always  be  adopted,  at  lea^  at  the  finish.  Everv  defensive 
battle,  therefore,  must  be  tenninated  by  an  offensive  action,  a  -victoriotS  counter-attack,  or  it  will  l^d 
to  no  result.  Theoretically,  the  conduct  of  battle  is  then  the  cairylng  through  of  the  decisive  attack  to 
success;  theoretically  also,  to  be  the  stronger  at  a  given  point  and  at  a  given  moment,  all  one's  forces  should 
be  applied  simultaneously  on  that  point,  and  that  In  an  unexpected  manner.  When  we  pass  to  practice, 
we  see  we  must  take  other  things  Into  account;  the  Idea  of  protection  reappears  and  imi)oses  sacriflcea, 
absorbs  forces. 

"To  fix  the  direction  of  the  attack,  to  guard  against  the  plans  of  the  enemy,  to  prevent  him  from  carry- 
ing out  the  same  manoeuvre,  we  must  undertake,  carry  on,  and  sustain  numerous  combats,  ea<;Ji  wltli  a 
determined  aim.    But  since  there  remains  no  doubt  that  tie  decisive  attack  la  the  very  Jtcy-stone  of  tfie 


630        U.  S.  Statement  As  to  Seizure  of  Holland  Shipping. 

GEN.  FOCH  TELLS  HOW  TO  WIN  IN  WARFARE — Continued. 

battle,  all  the  other  actions  v/hich  make  up  the  battle  must  only  be  envisaged,  cousidered,  organized,  pro- 
vided with  forces,  in  the  measure  in  which  tliey  prepare,  facilitate,  and  guarantee  the  development  of  the 
decisive  attack,  characterized  by  its  mass,  its  surprise,  and  its  speed,  and  for  which.  In  consequence,  it  la 
essential  to  reserve  the  maximtim  force  possible  of  troops  of  manoeuvre.  In  the  manoeuvre  battle,  the 
reserve  (that  is  to  say,  the  prepared  bludgeon),  is  organized,  kept  back,  carefully  instructed  to  execute  the 
single  act  of  the  battle  from  which  results  are  expected,  the  decisive  attack;  the  reserve  is  htisbanded  with 
the  most  extreme  parsimony,  so  that  the  bludgeon  may  be  strong  enough,  the  blow  as  violent  as  possible. 
Let  loose  at  the  finish,  without  any  lurking  idea  of  saving  them,  with  a  well-thought-out  plan  for  winning 
the  l)attle  at  a  point  chosen  and  determined,  the  reserves  are  thrown  in  all  together  in  an  action  surpassing 
in  violence  and  energy  all  the  other  phases  of  the  battle,  an  action  with  the  proper  characteristics  of  sur- 
prise, of  m».ss  and  speed.  All  our  forces  really  participate,  either  by  preparing  it,  or  by  carrying  it  out, 
in  this,  our  .supreme  aim. 

"Given  that,  In  the  manceuvre  battle  (a  superior  form,  sin;:  it  leads  to  the  most  complete  employment 
of  forces),  the  decisive  attack  is  the  necessary  and  sufficient  condition  of  success,  everything  else  becomea 
secondary;  therefore,  the  smallest  possible  numbers  must  be  consecrated  to  secondary  objects,  and  their 
employment  must  be  regarded,  managed,  studied,  only  in  relation  to  our  preparations  for  the  decisive  act. 
Nevertheless,  we  must  recognize  that  besides  the  exeeuiion  of  the  decisive  attack,  it  is  necessary:  1.  To 
arrange  its  direction,  to  clarify  the  plan;  2.  To  prepare  it;  3.  To  watch  it,  to  Improve  it;  because  of  the 
possibilities  open  to  the  enemy  (1)  of  concealing  his  dispositions;  (2)  of  changing  them;  (3)  of  making  similar 
attacks. 

'Hence  comes  the  necessity  of  a  series  ot  dispositions  (of  protection.  If  you  like),  having  for  objects: 
1.  To  reconnoitre  the  enemy;  2.  To  immobilize  him;  3.  To  paralyze  him  and  absorb  his  activity;  and  all 
that  is  Lntluded  In  what  la  called  the  frontal  combat,  or,  rather,  the  'preparation,'  preparation  for  the  de- 
cisive battle,  which  is  then  something  quite  dlffere.it  from  an  ordinary  battle.  But  to  reconnoitre  the 
enemy,  wherever  he  shows  himself,  demands  numerous  forces;  to  immobilize  him  demands  great  forces; 
you  cannot  stop  him  with  nothing;  and,  to  paralyze  him,  demands  still  more  forces  and  more  time. 

"Finally,  this  frontal  fighting,  which,  to  remain  faithful  to  the  theory,  one  would  expect  to  carry  out 
with  only  feeble  effectives,  absorbs  in  practice  the  greater  part  of  all  the  forces,  as  it  takes  the  greater  pajt 
of  the  time;  whereas  our  decisive  attack  employs  only  the  lesser  part  of  the  troops,  and  lasts  only  a  few 
moments;  a  double  effect  of  perspective  which  confirms  superficial  minds  in  the  idea  that  the  frontal  fighting 
is  the  battle,  because  they  judge  only  by  quantity  (of  forces,  or  time),  not  by  results  and  the  causes  of 
them ;  an  error  which  therefore  leads  them  to  the  doctrine  of  the  parallel  battle.  We  must  not  be  deceived 
by  appearances.  Although  theory  falls  when  it  is  applied  by  feeble  hands,  and  when  the  accessories  obscure 
the  main  principle,  or  the  details  hide  the  root  idea,  history  and  reason  show  us  that  in  battle  there  Is  a 
single  argument  which  Is  worth  while';  the  rteclnue  ottnck  which  is  alone  capable  of  assuring  the  desired 
result,  the  overthrow  of  the  adversary." 


U.    Sc    STATEMENT    AS    TO    SEiZU«iE    OF    HOLLAND    SHIPPiNC. 

THE  Secretary  ot  State  at  Washington  Issued,  April  12,  1918,  a  statement  defending  its  commandeering 
of  Dutch  ships  in  American  harbors,  in  answer  to  a  protest  from  Holland,  made  March  30,  1918.  Secretary 
Lansing  said:  "The  Netherlands  Government  have  issued  a  statement  relative  to  the  recent  action  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  In -putting  into  its  service  for  the  period  of  the  present  war  emergency 
certain  privately  owned  vessels  of  Netherlands  registry  ijing  within  the  territorial  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States.  While  this  action  Is  referred  to  as  being  indefensible  from  the  standpoint  of  international  law,  the 
statement  of  the  Netherlands  Government  doea  not  argue  the  question  of  legality.  Nor  Is  this  Government 
disposed  to  do  so.  The  practice  of  nations  and  the  opinions  of  jurists  on  the  right  of  a  belligerent  to  utilize 
all  vessels  which  come  voluntarily  and  unconditionally  within  its  jurisdiction  are  sufficiently  well  known 
to  render  citation  of  precedent  and  of  authority  jinnecessary; 

"But,  as  the  Netherlands  Government  themselves  suggest,  our  action  must  be  subjected  to  a  finer 
test  than  that  of  mere  legality.  It  matters  very  little  that  our  act  be  legal,  if,  as  alleged,  it  violates  tradi- 
tional friendship  and  is  inconsistent  with  ideals  of  right  and  justice.  The  Netherlands  Government  first 
declare  that  the  very  presence  of  Dutch  ships  in  our  poits  resulted  from  our  detention  of  them  with  an 
unlriendly  hand.  While  our  right  to  refuse  bunkers  and  cargo  licenses  is  conceded,  friendship,  it  Is  said, 
should  have  led  to  the  granting  of  special  privileges  in  favor  of  the  subjects  of  a  friendly  state.  Our  own 
supply  of  bunker  coal  at  seaboard  has  been  inadequate  for  our  pressing  national  needs.  The  cargoes  which 
were  demanded  were  largely  of  grain,  of  which  our  own  reserves  are  all  too  low.  The  bunkers,  if  granted, 
would  have  .served  tx)  carry  this  grain  to  the  Netherlands,  where,  as  events  have  demonstrated,  it  was  not 
then  needed,  and  where  it  would  only  have  served  to  release  equivalent  loodstviHs  for  the  enemy.  Such 
acliou  upon  our  part,  whatever  its  intention,  would,  in  fact,  have  been  an  act  beneficial  to  the  enemy  and 
having  no  relation  to  oiu'  friendship  to  the  Netherlands.  The  owners  of  Dutch  ships  were,  however,  un- 
williag  that  tneir  ships  should  perform  any  other  services  than  those  which  it  was  clearly  impossible  for 
us  to  facilitate,  and  the  ships  of  this  maritime  nation  accordingly  lay  Idle  for  many  months  and  until  the 
conclusion,  on  January  25,  1918,  of  the  temporary  stiipoing  agreement  which  was  proposed  by  the  Nether- 
lands Commissioners  at  London  and  accepted  bj-  the  United  States  as  a  measure  to  restore  to  immediate 
activity  that  portion  of  the  Netherlands  mercantile  fleet  lying  within  our  waters. 

"The  statement  of  the  Netherlands  Government  seems  to  imply  that  this  agreement  was  in  fact  lived 
up  to  by  the  Netherlands  Government,  yet  evidence  to  the  contrary  is  found  in  the  statement  Itself,  which 
refers  to  German  objections  as  having  prevented  performance  by  that  Government  of  what  Is  erroneously 
referred  to  as  America's  demand,  but  what  was  in  reality  a  Netherlands  undertaking,  that  when  a  Dutch 
ship  left  the  United  States  for  the  Netherlands  a  correfsponding  Dutch  vessel  should  simultaneously  leave 
the  Netherlands  for  the  United  States.  Had  not  the  Netherlands  Government,  under  German  threats  of 
violence,  which  were  a'matter  of  common  knowledge,  felt  unable  to  carry  out  the  temporary  shipping  agree- 
ment, it  is  inexplicable  that  the  steamships  Samailuda  and  Adonis  would  not  have  sailed  for  a  Dutch  port 
with  their  cargoes  of  foodstuffs,  which  under  the  agreement  the  Netherlands  was  to  receive,  and  of  which 
it  was  asserted  her  people  were  In  direst  heed.  Indeed,  tiie  statement  of  the  Netherlands  Minister  for 
Foreign  Affairs,  made  to  Parliament  on  March  12,  1918,  If  it  is  correctly  reported  to  us,  sets  out  In  con- 
siderable detail  Germany's  objections  which  prevented  performance  of  this  shipping  agreement.  As 
recently  as  March  14,  1918,  after  the  Netherlands  Government  had  been  Informed  that  the  situation  had 
reached  a  point  where  the  associated  governments  coiUd  see  no  alternative  but  requisitioning,  a  note  was 
presented  on  behalf  of  the  Netherlands  Government,  expressing  the  hope  that  Germany's  objections  might 
still  be  overcome,  so  as  to  permit  at  some  future  date  complete  performance  of  this  agreement  wliloh  was 
to  have  been  put  into  operation  Immediately  and  completely  upon  its  conclusion  nearly  two  months  before. 

"One  year  ago  the  United  States  abandoned  Its  neutrality  and  pledged  its  enth'e  resources  of  life  and 
treasiu'e  to  insure  the  triumph  of  democracy  over  autocracy  and  to  assist  to  save  the  world  from''the  blight 
of  militarism.  As  a  result  of  a  species  of  naval  warfare  directed  against  belligerents  and  neutrals  alike, 
which  the  Netherlands  Government  have  themselves  declared  to  be  illegal,  there  has,  during  this  period, 
existed  a  shortage  of  shipping  which  threatens  to  postpone  at  frightful  cost  the  ultimate  victory.  This 
lias  created  an  emergency  which  in  magnitude  and  slsniflcance  has  seldom  If  ever  before  been  equaled. 


V.  S.  Statement  As  to  Seizure  of  Holland  Shipjnng— Continued.  631 

During  this  period  there  have  been  lying  in  ports  of  the  United  States  and  sublect  to  its  jurisdiction  and 
control  approximately  600,000  tons  of  ships  of  Netherlands  registry.  At  any  time  within  a  year  the  United 
States  might  have  exercised  its  right  to  put  these  ships  into  a  service  useful  to  it.  Yet  it  forebore,  and 
for  many  months  patiently  negotiated,  first  in  Washington  and  then  in  London,  until  finally  the  temporary 
agreement  of  January  25  was  entered  into.  No  sooner  was  this  agreement  concluded  than  it  broke  dowu 
under  German  threats  of  violence,  which  overruled  the  wUl  of  the  Netherlands  Government  expressed 
therein.  Then  and  then  only  did  the  United  States  take  steps  to  accomplish,  through,  the  e.x«rclse  of  its 
own  right,  that  which  it  was  hoped  could  have  been  accomplished  by  agreement,  and  which  the  Netherlaiids 
Government  had  been  willing  in  part  so  to  accomplish. 

"The  action  taken  leaves  available  to  the  Netherlands  Government  by  far  the  greater  part  of  tiitt 
merchant  marine  and  tonnage,  which,  according  to  estimates  of  tlieir  own  officials,  is  ample  for  the  domestic 
and  colonial  needs  of  the  Netherlands.  Shipping  required  for  these  needs  wiU  be  free  from  detention  on 
our  pait,  and  will  be  facilitated  by  the  supplying  of  bunkers.  The  balance  is  being  put  into  a  highly  lucrative 
service,  the  owners  receiving  the  remuneration  and  the  associated  governments  assuming  the  risks  Involved. 
In  order  to  Insure  to  the  Netherlands  the  future  enjoyment  of  her  merchant  marine  intact,  not  only  will 
ehips  be  returned  at  the  termination  of  the  existing  war  emergency,  but  the  associated  govermnents:  have 
offered  to  replace  in  kind  rather  than  In  money  any  vessels  wliich  may  be  lost  by  war  or  marine  risk;  100,0tK> 
tons  of  bread  cereal,  which  the  German  Government,  when  appealed  to,  refused  to  supply,  have  been  offered 
to  the  Netherlands  by  the  associated  governments  out  of  their  own  Inadequate  supplies,  and  arrangempnt.* 
are  being  perfected  to  tender  to  the  Netherlands  Government  other  commodities  which  they  desire  tx> 
promote  their  national  welfare  and  for  which  they  may  freely  send  their  ships. 

"The  statement  of  the  Netherlands  Government  ex"pllcitry  recognizes  the  traditional  friendship  oJ 
the  United  States  toward  their  country.  It  recognizes  that  we  have  heretofore  sought  to  act  in  accordaaet 
v/lth  the  dictates  of  right  and  justice,  and  to  champion  the  Interests  of  smaller  nations.  It  should"  not, 
therefore,  hastily  be  presumed  that  we  have  now  abruptly  repudiated  that  friendship  and  been  false  to 
those  ideals.  It  is,  in  fact,  difficult  to  believe  that  such  a  conclusion  could  be  drawn  from  this  exercise  of 
our  rights  in  a  manner  which  scrupulously  safeguards  and  Indeed  promotes  the  national  Interests  of  tiia 
?>ctherland.s." 

I'HE   PROTEST   OF   THE    NETHERLANDS   GOVERNMENT. 

Following  is  a  translation  of  the  statement  issued  by  the  Netherlands  Government  in  the  Staats  Courani 
ol  March  30,  to  which  the  above  statement  of  the  Secretary  of  State  is  a  reply:  '  Declaration  of  the  Dufc>» 
Government,  with  reference  to  the  proclamatiou  and  statement  annexed  of  the  President  of  the  Un!t«t 
States,  dated  March  20,  this  year.  The  Dutch  Government  and  the  whole  Dutch  people  have  taken  note 
with  painful  surprise  of  the  proclamation  and  statement  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  March 
20  relative  to  the  seiztu-e  of  part  of  the  Dutch  mercantile  marine.  The  seizure  en  masse  of  a  neutral  mer- 
cantile fleet,  although  merely  for  the  duration  of  the  war,  is  an  act  which  Is  indefensible  from  the  point  of 
view  of  international  law  and,  apart  from  legal  considerations,  is  unjustifiable  when  taken  against  a  friendly 
nation.  Furthermore,  the  manner  to  which  the  act  of  violence  is  defended  in  the  President's  statement 
does  not  contribute  to  making  it  any  the  less  grievous,  for  the  defense  has  clearly  been  set  up  under  the 
Influence  of  an  entirely  \vrong  conception  of  the  facts. 

"The  mannei-  In  which  the  Dutch  mercantile  fleet  has  been  treated  for  months  past  in  the  United  States, 
the  interminable  dlfficultiea  placed  in  the  way  of  our  vessels'  departure  from  American  ports,  the  continually 
repeated  refusal  of  bunker  coal,  the  enforced  unloading  of  cargoes  already  purcliased — all  of  this  may  not 
be  in  conflict  with  the  rights  of  the  United  States,  with  the  exception  of  one  case,  that  of  the  Zeelandia, 
which  entered  an  American  port  with  her  own  bunker  coal  and  has  been  detained  there  illegally  ever  since. 
but  it  was  nevertheless  in  conflict  with  the  traditional  friendship  between  the  two  countries.  This,  however, 
!.s  merely  said  In  passing.  On  this  point,  however,  the  statement  is  silent.  According  to  the  Presidential 
statement  Holland  is  said  not  to  have  fulfilled  entirely,  because  of  German  pressure,  the  provisional  agree- 
ment wlilch  has  been  proposed  in  order  that,  pending  a  definite  agreement  relative  to  tonnage  and  the 
rationing  of  our  country,  our  vessels  lying  in  American  ports  should  no  longer  lie  there  idle  but  be  given 
an  opportunity  of  making  a  voyage  of  ninety  days  at  the  most.  Tliis  is  absolutely  Incorrect,  as  Is  the 
assertion  that  Germany  is  said  to  have  threatened  to  sink  the  two  vessels  which  were  to  leave  here  in  return 
for  the  two  vessels  leaving  for  Holland  with  America's  approval  and  that  Germany  made  more  and  more 
serious  threats  in  order  to  prevent  compliance  with  the  modus  vivendi  as  well  as  the  conclusion  of  a  per- 
manent agreement. 

"The  true  state  of  affairs  is  as  follows:  After  the  War  Trade  Board  had  lu-ged  that  the  Dutch  vessels 
In  American  ports  should  make  a  voyage  pending  the  definite  agreement  the  Dutch  Government  proposed 
that  some  ol  these  ships  should  travel  in  the  service  of  the  Commission  for  ReUef  in  Belgium,  that  work  of 
relief  which  the  Netherlands  has  always  promoted  with  all  energy  for  the  sake  of  the  suffering  populatioa 
of  Belgium  and  northern  France.  When  the  report  came  that  Germany  raised  difficulties  against  America's 
demand  that  each  time  a  Dutch  ship  should  leave  here  in  exchange  for  the  departure  of  a  relief  ship  from 
America  the  Netherlands  Government  was  of  the  opinion  that  it  was  bound  in  good  faith  Immediately  to 
warn  the  American  authorities  in  order  that  the  said  ships,  which  were  on  their  way  to  Argentina,  would 
be  able  to  make  for  some  other  destination,  which  had  the  direct  result  that  these  ships  were  kept  in  the 
service  In  exact  agreement  with  tlie  provisional  arrangement.  And  concerning  the  sailing  of  a  part  of 
the  ships  to  the  French  harbor  of  Cette.  a  Swiss  interest  which  finds  great  favor  In  Holland,  the  ship  owners 
entirely  agreed  as  soon  as  France  had  guaranteed  that  the  ships  would  not  be  detained  in  Gette  also.  For 
this  service  various  vessels  had  been  chartered.  The  chartering  and  sailing  of  all  the  ships  experienced  no 
serious  delay  on  account  ol  the  said  objections,  while  tor  the  rest  Germany  had  no  influence  whatsoever, 
nor  did  it  attempt  to  gain  any  influence  in  the  can-ying  oHt  of  the  provisional  arrangement,  which,  moreover, 
only  concerned  the  shipping  between  overseas  countries;  whatsoever  really  did  prevent  the  caiTylug  out 
of  the  provisional  agreement  was  the  extremely  slow  and  sometimes  missing  overseas  telegrams  to  and 
from  the  owners.     The  cause  of  this  is  still  enveloped  in  mystery. 

"It  is  a  fact  that  the  greater  part  of  the  ships  had  been  chartered  under  the  provisional  arrangement, 
through  the  intervention  of  the  so-called  War  Trade  Board,  and  a  part  was  already  sailing  to  South  America, 
but  was  again  detained  while  en  route  by  the  American  Sfuthorities  while  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  vessels 
plying  between  the  west  coat  of  the  United  States  and  the  Netherlands  Indies  continued  to  sail  regularly 
without  any  direct  or  Indirect  interference  on  the  part  of  the  Dutch  Government.  The  vessels  now  taken 
in  British  ports,  both  in  and  outside  of  Europe,  and  in  the  Portugue.se  port  of  St.  Vincent,  were  prevcnte<l 
from  sailing  by  the  British  and  Portuguese  authorities  themselves.  The  assertion  that  Holland  was  power- 
less under  German  compulsion  to  fulfill  the  provisional  agreement  is,  as  appears  from  the  foregoing,  con- 
trary to  the  facts.  The  inaccurate  information  furnished  the  President  of  the  United  States  appears  unerring 
on  a  point  of  still  greater  importance,  namely,  where  mention  is  made  in  the  statement  of  the  new  require- 
ment that  the  Dutch  ships  would  have  to  sail  through  the  danger  zone  and  of  the  seizure  following  upon 
Holland's  reply.  After  the  inaccurate  assertion  that  Holland  was  not  able  to  fulfill  the  provisional  arrange- 
ment, the  statement  says,  without  further  ado,  that  on  March  7  last  Great  Britain  made  a  final  proposal 
to  Holland  to  which  Holland  replied  with  a  counter-proposal  that  was  not  acceptable.  Really,  so  the  ■ 
Btatement  continues,  even  if  it  had  come  to  the  effecting  of  an  agreement,  the  Dutch  Government  would 
practically  not  have  been  able  to  carry  this  out,  therefore  seizm-e  was  decided  upoa.      ■^     ,  ,^,    .,.    ^  . 

"In  this  explanation  is  missing,  however  strange  this  may  be,  .in  extremely  faiportflnt  iniR  tnat  !s 


6S2  Curtailments  by  War  Industries  Board. 

U.  S.  STATEMENT  AS  TO  SEIZURE  OF  HOLLAND  SHIPPING — Continued. 

Indispensable  In  order  to  put  the  matter  in  its  true  light.  What  did  really  take  place?  On  February  22 
last,  with  a  view  to  the  threatened  need  of  food  here  in  this  country  by  the  summer,  the  Dutch  Government 
asked  the  American  Government  for  an  advance  of  100,000  tons  of  wheat  on  the  quantity  of  400,000  tons 
to  be  deflnitely  fixed.  On  March  6  the  associated  Governments  replied,  it  is  true,  affirmatively  with  regard 
to  the  100,000  tons,  although  regarding  the  400,000  tons  no  definite  answer  was  given,  but  to  this  apparent 
accommodation  the  objectional  condition  was  added  that  the  associated  Governments  should  immediately 
obtain  the  disposal  of  the  whole  of  that  part  of  the  Dutch  mercantile  marine  that,  according  to  the  London 
draft  agreement,  would  eventually  come  to  them  on  the  conclusion  of  a  definite  arrangement.  The  Dutcb 
Government,  being  compelled  to  do  so,  intended  to  agree  to  this  as  soon  as  it  could  obtain  the  assurance 
that  not  only  could  It  firmly  rely  upon  the  100,000  tons  advance,  but  also  on  the  full  400,000  tons  of  grain 
as  an  accepted  basis  for  the  definite  arrangement.  It  was  able  to  entertain  this  stipulation  because  it  was 
deflnitely  and  expressly  fixed  at  the  conversations  in  London,  and  also  since  then,  that  the  Dutch  vesselfl 
would  only  sail  outside  of  the  danger  zone,  and  thus.need  not  in  any  case  perform  war  services  for  one  of 
the  contending  parties,  which  would  not  be  compatible  with  neutrality. 

"Suddenly,  on  March  7  last,  the  London  arrangement  mentioned  was  broken  when  the  agreement 
with  us  was  withdrawn  which  had  been  come  to  on  the  cardinal  point,  namely,  that  the  ships  of  about 
500,000  tons,  to  be  given  up  in  exchange  for  the  advance  of  100,000  tons  of  wheat,  should  not  be  used  la 
the  danger  zone.  The  particularly  objectionable  character  of  this  lay  in  the  fact  that  allowing  the  use 
of  Dutch  vessels  in  the  danger  zone  would  lead  to  a  breach  of  neutrality,  not  on  account  of  the  zone  itself 
— this  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  neutrality — but  because  it  was  clear  that  sailing  through  the  zone, 
situated  as  it  is  around  the  associated  countries  of  Europe,  would  mean  at  all  events  lor  a  considerable 
part  the  transport  of  troops  and  munitions  of  war  from  America  to  her  allies  in  Europe;  while,  moreover, 
the  Dutch  vessels,  if  they  were  armed,  would  run  the  chance  of  coming  into  armed  conflict  with  German 
war  vessels.  Holland,  as  a  neutral  country,  could  not  allow  that  her  ships  should  be  used  in  the  fjanger 
0one  unless  the  associated  Governments  were  able  to  guarantee  that  they  would  not  be  armed  and  would 
not  carry  troops  or  war  material.  On  the  ground  of  the  foregoing  the  argument  used  in  the  Presidential 
statement,  according  to  which  seizure  was  necessary,  because  Holland  was  not  able  to  fulfill  the  obligation 
entered  into,  cannot  be  maintained.  It  is  contrary  to  the  actual  facts  of  the  case.  The  only  correct  presen- 
tation is  this:  TheT>owers  interested  felt  themselves  compelled,  owing  to  the  loss  of  ships,  to  supplement 
their  tonnage  by  obtaining  the  use  of  a  very  considerable  number  of  ships  which  did  not  belong  to  them 
but  to  Holland.  It  appeared  to  them  that  the  Dutch  Government  was  not  able  to  grant  permission  to 
Its  ships  to  sail  for  associated  interests  otherwise  than  upon  conditions  dictated  by  neutrality,  but  in  the 
opinion  of  the  interested  Governments  not  sufficiently  in  acCord  with  their  interests,  hence  they  decided 
to  proceed  to  the  seizure  of  the  Dutch  mercantile  marine,  inasmuch  as  this  was  within  their  power. 

"The  Dutch  Government  considers  itself  obliged,  especially  in  such  serious  ch-cumstances  as  the  present, 
to  speak  with  great  frankness;  it  is  giving  expression^to^the  feeling  of  the  whole  of  the  Dutch  people  when 
it  says  that  it  sees  in  the  seizure  committed  an  act  of  violence  against  wliich  it  protests  with  all  the  force 
of  its  conviction  and  its  injured  national  feeling.  The  statement  in  the  President's  declaration  saying 
that  this  action  offers  Holland,  in  a  great  measure,  the  opportunity  of  providing  itself  with  bread  cereals 
is  only  apparently  the  case.  After  the  experience  obtained  with  regard  to  Dutch  vessels  in  British  and 
American  ports  it  would  really  be  unwarrantable  to  allow  other  ships  to  sail  to  these  ports  without  a  proper 
guaianty  that  this  experience  would  not  be  repeated.  The  American  Government  has  always  appealed 
to  right  and  justice.  It  has  always  set  itself  up  as  the  protector  of  small  nations.  That  It  now  co-operated 
in  a  deed  in  diametrical  opposition  to  these  principles  is  a  manner  of  acting  which  cannot  be  balanced  by 
any  expreaolon  of  friendship  or  assurances  of  any  mild  application  of  the  wrong  committed." 

CURTAILMENTS    BY    WAR    INDUSTRIES    BOARD. 

(Up  to  September  26,  1918.) 

Passenger  Automobiles — For  the  last  six  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  25  per  cent,  of  1917  production, 
pro^'ided  the  manufacturer  will  limit  his  purchases  of  materials,  equipment  and  supplies  to  such  as  are 
absolutely  necessary  to  match  up  stocks  on  hand. 

Pianos,  Piano-players,  and  Parts — For  tbe  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  one-third  the  pro- 
duction of  the  last  four  months  of  1917. 

Cutlery — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  ciirtniled  to  70  per  cent,  of  the  production  of  the  last  four 
months  of  1917,  which  70  per  cent,  shall  include  Government  orders. 

Stoves — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  50  per  cent,  of  the  production  of  the  last  four 
months  of  1917,  which  50  per  cent,  shall  include  Government  orders. 

Black  Galvanized  and  Enameled  Ware — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  50  per  cent,  of 
the  production  of  the  last  four  months  of  1917,  which  50  per  cent,  shall  include  Government  orders. 

Burial  Goods — Curtailed  to  2,200  tons  of  the  Iron  and  steel  for  the  twelve  months'  schedule. 

Clothes  Wringers — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  two-thirds  of  ibe  production  of  the 
last  four  months  of  1917.  ,       .         .  ^^     ,        . 

Corsets — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  40  per  cent,  of  the  production  of  the  last  four 
months  of  1917.  ,  ,      ,         .    -^    ,    ^ 

Metal  Beds — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  50  per  cent,  of  the  production  of  the  last 
four  months  of  1917,  which  50  per  cent,  shall  include  Government  and  Allies'  orders,  and  that  no  brass 
beds  be  built  except  from  stock  now  on  hand  and  no  brass  or  brass  scrap  be  purchased. 

Boilers  and  Radiators — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  40  per  cent,  of  the  production 
of  the  last  four  months  of  1917  and  all  production  and  sale  shall  be  under  license  from  the  War  Industries 
Board  or  lor  Government  buildings. 

Breweries — All  brewery  products  cease  on  and  after  December  1,  1918. 

Baby  Buggies — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  50  per  cent,  of  the  production  ol  tue  last 
lour  months  of  1917,  and  that  they  be  given  a  Class  "C"  rating  for  enough  metal  to  match  up  stocks  now 
on  hand,  provided  discard  steel  only  shall  be  used.  „    ^      ,     „ 

Composite  Roofing — Manufacturers  restricted  to  production  and  sale  to  buildmgs  built  by  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  Allies  or  under  license  from  the  War  Industries  Board. 

Sporting  Goods — For  the  last  four  months  of  19  i8  ciu-tailed  as  compared  with  production  for  the  last 
lour  months  of  1917,  as  follows:  Tennis  balls,  40  per  cent.;  footballs  and  equipment,  60  per  cent.;  ba.se- 
balls,  bats  and  equipment,  60  per  cent.;  golf  balls  and  golf  clubs,  40  per  cent.;  no  athletic  clothing  manu- 
factured after  the  stocks  on  hand  have  been  used  up.  ^  .     ^ 

Gas  Stoves  and  Gas  AppUances — For  the  last  lour  months  of  1918  curtailed  to  50  per  cent,  of  the 
production  lor  the  last  lour  months  of  1917,  all  copper  eliminated  except  that  on  hand,  which  should  be 
conserved  lor  repairs  to  existing  Installation.  "  ^    „  .. 

Automobile  Pneumatic  Tires — War  Industries  Board  will  deal  with  rubber  industry  as  a  controlled 
industry.  Using  as  a  basis  the  production  for  the  eighteen  months  ending  June  30,  1918,  the  maximum 
production  of  each  manufacturer  for  the  last  four  months  of  1918  is  fixed  at  50  per  cent,  ol  the  average 
lour  months'  period  production  during  the  eighteen  months'  period. 

Tin  Plate — For  the  last  three  months  ol  1918  curtailed  the  use  ol  steel  30  per  cent,  from  constimptlon 
•I  the  last  three  months  ol  1917,  an  estimated  saving  ol  approximately  150,000  tons  ol  steel. 

Soft  DrinUa  and  Mineral  Waters— Effective  November  1,  the  production  ol  non-alcoholic  beverages 


A  Submarine  in  the  Hudsan,  Directed  by  Washington.        63S 

CURTAILMENTS  BY  WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOATtD—Cotlttnucd.  ' 


(otiier  than  new  beers,  which  have  been  prohibited  alter  December  1),  Including  the  manufacture  of  irult 
Juices,  water,  concentrated  extracts,  syrups  and  carbonic  acid  gas,  curtailed  on  the  basis  of  50  per  cent.- 
per  annum  based  on  the  production  for  the  calendar  year  of  1917;  that  Is,  no  month's  production  shall 
exceed  60  per  cent,  of  the  production  of  the  corresponding  month  of  the  previous  year.  Grape  luice  cider 
and  loganberry  Juice  products  of  this  year's  harvest  may  be  produced,  but  the  restriction  must  apply  to 
the  year  1919.  ffj 

Talking  Machines— For  the  last  four  months  of  191S  curtailed  40  per  «ent.  of  the  production  for  thel 
last  four  months  of  1917  in  units  and  on  a  tonnage  basis,  with  recommendation  the  Industry  secure  war 
work  before  January  1,  1919. 

Agricultural  Implements  and  Farm  Tractors — Effective  October  1  on  a  twelve  months'  schedule  cur- 
tailed in  use  of  iron  and  steel  25  per  cent,  from  consumption  for  calendar  year  ending  September  30   1918. 

Bicycles — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  25  per  cent,  in  iron  and  steel  of  the  consumption 
tor  the  last  four  months  of  1917,  with  elimination  of  bicycles  for  children  and  for  racing  purposes 

Refrigerators — For  the  last  four  months  of  1918  curtailed  33  H  Per  cent,  in  h'on  and  steel  of  the  con-' 
sumption  for  the  last  four  months  of  1917,  with  order  for  substitution  of  zinc  plate  where  possible 


HISTORY    OF    THE    RED    CROSS    EMSLEM. 

(By  The  American  Red  Cross.) 

In  answer  to  inquiries  frequently  made,  as  well  as  to  correct  an  impression  regarding  th?  original 
significance  of  the  symbol  that  appears  to  prevail  in  some  quarters,  the  following  facte  concerning-  the 
adoption  of  the  Red  Cross  emblem  are  presented:  The  Red  Cross  was  foimded  through  a  liiplomatlc  con- 
vention held  in  Geneva,  Switzerland,  in  1864.  The  Treaty  of  Geneva,  or,  as  it  is  sometimes  caUed,  the 
Red  Cross  Treaty,  provided  for  a  flag  for  hospitals  and  convoys  and  an  arm  badge  for  persons.  The  design 
proposed  was  a. red  cross  on  a  white  ground.  This  was  in  compliment  to  the  country  In  which  the  congress 
was  sitting,  the  Swiss  flag  being  a  white  croffi  on  a  red  ground.  The  Red  Cross  flag,  therefore,  la  the  national 
flag  of  Switzerland  with  the  colors  reversed. 

Inasmuch  as  the  cross  symbolizes  the  Christian  religion,  the  idea  prevails  with  some  persons,  who  are 
unfamiliar  with  the  early  history  of  the  Red  Cross,  that  the  emblem  has  a  distinctly  religious  significance 
— tliat  in  adopting  it  the  signatories  to  the  treaty  had  principally  in  mind  the  humanltarlanlsm  of  Christi- 
anity. But  the  universality  of  the  underlying  idea,  embracing  all  nations  and  all  rellgiong,  divorced  it 
from  any  such  significance.  In  other  words,  the  particular  cross  that  suggested  the  Red  Cross  emblem 
was  heraldic  rather  than  religious.  It  is  true  that  the  Mohammedan  antipathy  to  the, cross  in  any  form 
subsequently  caused  Turkish  rejpresentatlves  to  protest  against  operating  imder  the  emblem,  aiid  it  waB 
specially  provided  that  the  organization  in  Turkey  should  have  a  red  crescent  for  a  symbol,  But  Japan 
and  China  have  the  red  cross  for  an  emblem;  and  all  the  other  countries  of  the  woild,  in  sliott;  tecognlze 
It  in  Its  true  non-sectarian  and  non-religious  Bignificance. 

At  a  banquet  given  for  the  delegates  to  the  original  convention  of  1864  theref  was  In  the  centre  of  the 
table  a  large  piece  of  confection,  representing  a  fortress  with  its  garrison  and  sanitary  workers,  distinguished 
by  the  Red  Cross  brassard,  pursuing  their  functions.  The  tower  was  surmounted  by  small  sUK  flags  of 
the  Swiss  Republic  and  Canton  of  Geneva,  around  the  central  flag,  a  red  cross  on  a  white  field,  tiie  emblent 
of  neutrality  just  adopted  After  the  first  toast  this  flag  was  taken  from  its  placb  b^  the  president  of  ibe 
convention,  who,  turning  to  the  representative  of  the  United  States  Sanitary  Cofnmisslon,  presented  It 
to  him  as  a  token  of  appreciation  of  the  Commission's  labors  for  the  good  of  Uiunanlty. 


REPORT    ON    DEATH    OF    MAJOR    J.    P.    MITCMEL. 

,THE  following  statement  is  authorized  by  the  Secretary  of  War:  The  Director  of  MJUtary  Aeronautics 
received  from  the  Commander  of  Gerstner  Field,  Lake  Charles,  La.,  the  following  oflJcial  report:  "The 
Board  found  that  Major  J.  P.  Mitchel,  R.  C.  A.  S.,  whllfe  flying  a  scout  airplane,  Signal  Corps,  Nc(.  41,372, 
at  Gerstner  Field.  Lake  Charles,  La.,  at  about  8  a.  m.  on  July  6,  1918,  fell  out  of  sjiid  airplahe  at  an 
altitude  of  about  500  feet  when  said  airplane  nosed  down  sharply  and  was  killed  instantaneously,  SaltJ 
airplane  was  found  about  half  mile  south  of  hangar  No.  24,  a  total  wreclj,  and  Major  Mitchel's  body  wag 
found  about  500  yards  nearer  hangar  No.  24.  The  Board  also  finds  that  death  occurred  in  line  of  duty 
and  not  the  cause  of  his  own  misconduct.  The  accident  Investigation  officer  reports  that  safety  belt  w^ 
found  unbuckled  and  intact  with  no  evidence  of  any  strain  having  been  placed  upon  it.  The  fire  extlnguiglier 
was  found  seventy  yards  from  body  on  line  with  ship.  Body  hounded  ten  feet  In  opposite  direction  to 
ship  on  line  with  it.  The  consensus  of  opinion  of  witnesses  is  that  he  failed  to  bucWie  safety  belt  and  uioon 
nosing  over  for  gUde  was  thrown  out  by  the  peculiar  quick  snap  of  the  scout  when  the  stick  pushed  too 
far  forward. — Kirbt." 

A   SUBMARINE    IN    THE    HUDSON,    DIRECTED    BY    WASHINGTON. 

(By  E,  H.  Mott,  in  the  New  York  Sun.) 

IN  a  file  of  the  Goshen  Independent  Republican  for  1821,  of  the  issue  of  November  26,  is  an  obituar^ 
notice  of  Capt.  Ezra  Lee,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolution,  who  had  died  in  Lyme,  Conn.,  aged  seventy-two, 
"on  the  29th  ult.,"  in  which  is  recounted  Ids  daring  exploit  in  a  submarine  boat  in  the  North  River,  in  an 
attack  on  enemy  ships.  Stating  that  "It  is  a  little  remarkable  that  Capt.  Lee  is  the  only  man  of  which 
It  can  be  said  that  he  fought  the  enemy  upon  land,  upon  water,  and  under  water,"  the  account  of  this 
pioneer  submarine  fighter's  daring  deed  is  as  follows: 

"Wien  the  British  lay  In  the  North  River  opposite  New  York,  and  while  Gen.  Washington  had  pos- 
session of  the  city,  he  was  very  desirous  to  be  rid  of  such  neighbors.  A  Mr.  Bushnell  at  Saybrook,  Conn., 
who  had  the  genius  of  a  Fulton,  constructed  a  submarine  machine,  of  a  conical  form,  bound  together  with 
iron  bands,  within  which  one  person  might  sit,  and  with  cranks  and  sculls  could  navigate  it  to  iny  depth 
under  water.  In  the  upper  part  was  affixed  a  vertical  screw  for  the  purpose  of  penetrating  ship  bottoms, 
and  to  this  was  attached  a  magazine  of  powder,  within  which  was  a  clock  which,  on  betag  set  to  run  any 
given  time,  would,  when  run  down,  spring  a  gun  lock,  and  an  explosion  would  follow.  This  'marine  turtle, 
80  called,  was  examined  by  Gen.  Washington  and  approved.  To  presei-ve  secrecy,  it  was  experimented 
with  in  an  enclosed  yard  in  over  thiity  feet  of  water,  and  kept  during  daylight  locked  In  a  vessel's  hold. 
The  brother  of  the  Inventor  was  to  be  the  person  to  navigate  the  machine  into  action,  but  on  sinking  it 
at  the  first  time  he  declined  the  service. 

"Gen.  Washington,  unwilling  to  relinquish  the  object,  requested  Major  Gen.  Parsons  to  select  a  person 
In  whom  he  could  confide  voluntarily  to  engage  In  the  enterprise.  The  latter,  being  well  acquainted  with 
the  heroic  spirit,  the  patriotism  and  the  firm  and  st«ady  courage  of  the  deceased  above  mentioned,  imnie- 
diately  communicated  the  plan  to  the  officer,  which  he  ac-cepted,  obser/ing  that  his  life  was  at  Gtn.  Wash- 
ington's service.  After  practising  with  the  machine  until  he  understood  its  powers  of  balancing  and  moving 
under  water,  a  night  was  fijted  upon  for  the  attempt.  Gen.  Washington  and  his  aiBSo4ilates  In  the  secret 
took  their,  stations  upoii  a  roof  of  a  house  in  Broadway,  anxiously  awaiting  results.    Morning  Came  ftno 


6^4         Terrestrial  Temperature  and  Atmospheric  Absorption. 


A  SUBMARINE  IN  THE  HUDSON.  DIRECTED  BY  WASHINGTON— ConMnwetf. 


Bo  Intelligence  could  be  had  of  the  liftrepld  navigator,  nor  could  the  boat  attending  him  give  any  account 
0?  him  after  parting  with  him  the  first  part  of  the  night.  While  these  anxious  spectators  were  about  to 
give  him  up  as  lost,  several  barges  were  seen  to  start  suddenly  from  Governor's  Island  (then  In  possession 
ol  the  British)  and  proceed  toward  some  object  near  the  Asia,  ship  of  the  line.  As  suddenly  they  were 
Been  to  put  about  and  steer  for  the  island  with  springing  oars.  In  two  or  thi-ee  minutes  an  explosion  took 
place  from  the  surface  of  the  water,  resembling  a  water  spout,  which  aroused  the  whole  city  and  region. 
The  enemy  ships  took  the  alarm,  signals  were  rapidly  given,  the  ships  cut  their  cables  and  proceeded  to 
the  Hook  with  all  possible  despatch,  sweeping  their  bottoms  with  chains,  and  with  difficulty  prevented 
their  affrighted  crews  from  leaping  overboard.  ^    ^     ,_         ^     ^     ^  ^. 

"During  this  scene  ol  consternation  the  deceased  came  to  the  surface,  opened  the  brass  head  of  nu 
aquatic  machine,  rose  up  and  gave  a  signal  for  a  boat  to  come  to  him,  but  they  could  not  reach  him  untn 
he  again  descended  under  water  to  avoid  the  enemy's  shot  from  the  Island,  who  had  discovered  him  and 
commenced  firing  In  his  wake.  Having  forced  himself  against  a  strong  current  under  water  until  without 
the  reach  of  shot,  he  was  taken  In  tow  and  landed  at  the  Battery  amid  a  great  crowd,  and  reported  hlmsell 
to  Gen.  Washington,  who  expressed  his  entire  satisfaction  that  the  object  was  effected  without  the  losa 
of  lives.  Capt.  Lee  was  under  the  Asia's  bottom  more  than  two  hours,  endeavoring  to  penetrate  her  copper, 
J>ut  in  vain.  He  frequently  came  up  under  her  stem  galleries  searching  for  exposed  plank  and  could  hear 
Jhe  sentinel's  cry.  Once  he  was  discovered  by  the  watch  on  deck  and  heard  them  speculate  upon  him, 
concluding  that  a  drifting  log  had  paid  them  a  visit.  He  returned  to  her  keel  and  examined  it  fore  and 
oft,  and  then  proceeded  to  some  other  ships.  To  the  Imposelbility  of  penetrating  their  copper  hundreds 
Dwed  their  lives.    The  longest  space  of  time  he  could  remain  under  water  was  two  hours." 

This  Is  all  that  the  chronicler  of  this  venturesome  soldier  thought  it  worth  while  to  say  about  his  daring 
snd  unprecedented  submarine  attacks  on  enemy  ships,  although  a  detail  of  the  manner  in  which  Capt. 
I,ee  managed  to  supply  himself  with  air  for  breathing  purposes  while  prowling  about  among  the  copper 
bottoms  of  the  ships,  endeavoring  for  two  hours  to  find  a  vulnerable  spot  in  which  to  insert  the  explosive 
prow  of  his  machine,  would  have  been  at  least  enlightening.  The  chi-onicler  mentions,  however,  that  "the 
deceased  during  the  war  had  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  Commander  In  Chief,  and  was  frequently 
employed  by  him  on  secret  missions  of  Importance.  He  fought  with  him  at  Trenton  and  Monmouth.  At 
Braudywlne  the  hilt  of  bis  sword  was  shot  away." 


HOW  PLANTS  AND  TREES  REGENERATE. 

(By  Professor  Jacques  Loeb  of  the  Rockefeller  Institute  for  Medical  Research,  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 

National  Academy  of  Sciences,  Washington.) 
It  la  well  known  that  Isolated  pieces  of  a  plant  or  a  lower  animal  may  regenerate  Into  a  whole  organiem 
again.  In  order  to  replace  the  current  vaguo  peculations  concerning  this  phenomenon  by  a  scientific  theory 
lu  the  sense  of  the  physicist,  quantitative  experiments  are  required.  The  writer  has  for  the  past  two  yeara 
made  such  experiments  which  have  led  to  a  remarkably  simple  law  controlling  the  quantity  of  regeneration 
in  an  isolated  piece  of  an  organism.  This  law  can  be  expressed  as  follows:  The  mass  of  tissue  regenerated 
by  an  isolated  piece  of  an  organlam  Is  under  equal  conditions  and  In  equal  time  In  direct  proportion  to  the 
mass  of  growth  material  contained  in  the  sap  (or  blood)  of  the  isolated  piece.  The  experiments  on  which 
this  law  is  based  were  carried  out  on  an  organism  unusually  favorable  for  Investigations  of  this  kind,  namely, 
the  Bermuda  "life  plant."  When  leaves  of  this  plant  are  Isolated  from  the  stem  they  will  regenerate  shoots 
iu  some  or  many  of  their  notches.  If  a  piece  of  stem  is  cut  out  from  a  plant  it  will  form  shoots  from  its  two 
moat  apical  buds.  My  experiments  have  yielded  the  result  that  the  mass  of  shoots  formed  in  the  latter 
cose  is  in  direct  proportion  to  the  mass  of  a  leaf  attached  to  the  stem;  and  to  the  mass  of  the  isolated  leaf 
in  the  former  case.  When  we  cut  out  two  sister  leaves  of  Bryophyllum.  i.  e.,  a  pair  of  leaves  taken  from  the 
same  node  of  a  plant,  and  keep  them  imder  the  same  condition  of  moisture,  temperature,  and  Ught,  the  two 
sister  leaves  possessing  equal  mass  will  produce  approximately  equal  masses  of  shoots  In  equal  times,  althougb 
the  number  of  shoots  produced  by  the  two  sister  leaves  may  vary  considerably. 

Summary — By  measuring  the  influence  of  the  mass  of  a  leaf  attached  to  an  Isolated  piece  of  stem  upon 
the  process  of  regeneration  In  the  piece,  it  has  been  po.'jsible  to  prove  that  the  quantity  of  regeneration  Is  In 
equal  time  and  under  equal  conditions  in  direct  proportion  to  the  mass  of  the  leaf.  Since  nothing  except 
substances  produced  and  sent  out  by  the  leaf  can  vary  in  direct  proportion  to  its  mass.  It  follows  that  the 
quantity  of  regeneration  In  an  isolated  piece  of  an  organism  is  under  equal  conditions  determined  by  the 
mass  of  material  necessary  for  growth  circulating  in  the  sap  (or  blood)  ol  the  piece.  If  we  measure  the  rate 
of  regeneration  by  the  ma.ss  of  material  regenerated  in  a  given  time,  the  law  of  regeneration  becomes  a  special 
carse  ol  the  law  of  chemical  mass  action.  That  this  mass  action  on  a  bud  Is  only  possible  in  a  piece  of  stem 
after  It  is  Isolated,  the  writer  explains  on  the  assumption  that  the  apex  of  an  Intact  plant  sends  constantly 
inhibitory  substances  into  the  stem  preventing  the  buds  contained  In  the  stem  from  growing  and  consuming 
the  material  required  for  growth.  When  a  piece  of  stem  is  isolated,  the  supply  of  these  Inhibitory  substances 
from  the  growing  region  ceases  sjid  the  most  apical  bud  being  the  flrst  to  become  free  from  the  inhibitory 
substance  will  then  come  under  the  Influence  of  the  acting  masses  of  the  substances  in  the  sap  and  regenera- 
tion will  occur.  The  mystifying  phenomenon  of  an  isolated  piece  restoring  Its  lost  organs  thus  turns  out  to 
be  the  result  of  two  plain  chemical  factors:  the  law  of  mass  action  and  the  production  and  giving  off  of  in- 
Uibitory  substances  in  the  growing  regions  of  the  organism. 


TERRESTRIAL    TEMPERATURE    AND    ATMOSPHERIC    ABSORPTION. 

(By  C.  G.  Abbot,  Astrophysical  Observatory,  Smithsonian  Institution.    Read  before  the  National  Academy 

of  Sciences,  Washington.) 
Is  the  earth's  surface  a  perfect  radiator?    Its  surface  Is  about  three-fourths  water.     Of  the  remainder 
much  is  moist  soil  or  moist  vegetation.     The  radiative  power  of  the  earth  must,  therefore  be  near  that  ot 
water.    My  colleague,  Mr.  Aldrich,  finds  that  of  the  rays  emitted  by  lamp-black  paint  at  1()0°C.  a  layer 
of  water  1  cm.  thick  transmits  none  and  reflects  as  follows: 

Incidence O"  30°  55°  63°  70°  72° 

Reflection 2%  3%  7%         10%         17%         22% 

As  the  absorption  is  I —  (Refl.+  Trans.)  he  computes  that  of  rays  reaching  a  water  surface  from  a  hollow 
hemispherical  inclosing  lamp-black-palnted  surface  at  100°,  the  absorption  would  be  90%.  Experiments 
on  lamp-black  paint  having  sho^vn  nothing  strongly  selective  about  its  radiation  in  this  region  of  spectrum, 
we  seem  justified  In  concluding.  In  accord  with  Klrchoff's  law.  that  water  is  a  90%  perfect  radiator  in  this 
region  of  spectrum.  As  is  water,  so  Is  the  earth's  surface.  Hence  we  conclude  that  the  earth's  surface 
sends  out  0.50  calories  per  cm2  per  minute  on  the  average.  From  recent  experiments  Fowle  has  computed 
that  in  clear  weather,  when  preclptable  water  in  the  atmosphere  is  1  cm.,  the  atmosphere  transmits  28% 
to  space  of  the  radiation  emitted  by  the  earth's  surface.  In  the  tropics  where  a  load  of  atmospheric  humidity 
equal  to  precipitable  water  of  3  cm.  or  more  is  common,  the  transmission  would  not  exceed  20%  on  clear 
days.  A.  Angsuom  li^s  shown  that  on  cloudy  nights  practically  all  radiation  from  the  earth  s  surface  tr 
space  is  cut  o«. 


The  American  Flag. 


635-' 


THE    AMERICAN    FLAG. 

(By  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  United  States  Army.) 


Thekb  is  no  Federal  law  now  in  force  pert^ning 
to  the  manner  of  displaying,  hanging  or  saluting 
the  United  States  flag  or  prescribing  any  ceremonies 
that  should  be  observed  in  connection  therewith. 
In  fact-,  there  are  but  two  Federal  laws  on  the  statute 
books  that  have  any  bearing  upon  this  subject, 
one  the  act  of  Congress  approved  Feb.  20,  1905 
(33  Stat.  L.,  p.  725),  providing  that  a  trademark 
cannot  be  registered  which  consists  of  or  comprises, 
inter  alia,  "the  flag,  coat  of  arms  or  other  insignia 
of  the  United  States,  or  any  simulation  thereof," 
and  the  other  the  act  of  Congress  approved  February 
8,  1917  (Public — No.  305— 64th  Cong.),  providing 
certain  penalties  for  the  desecration,  mutilation  or 
improper  use  of  the  flag  within  the  District  of  Co- 
luiiibia.  Several  States  of  the  Union  have  enacted 
laws  wluch  have  more  or  less  bearing  upon  the  gen- 
eral subject,  and  it  seems  probable  that  many 
counties  and  municipalities  have  also  passed  ordi- 
nances concerning  the  matter,  to  govern  action 
within  their  own  Jurisdiction.  Warning  against 
desecration  of  the  American  flag  by  aliens  has  been 
Issued  by  the  Department  of  Justice,  which  has  sent 
the  following  notice  to  Federal  attorneys  and  mar- 
shals: "Any  alien  enemy  tearing  down,  mutilating, 
abusing  or  desecrating  the  United  States  flag  In 
any  way  will  be  regarded  as  a  danger  to  the  public 
peace  or  safety  within  the  meaning  of  regulation  12 
of  the  proclamation  of  the  President  issued  April  6, 
1917,  and  will  be  subject  to  summary  arrest  and 
punishment."  It  is  the  practice  In  the  army,  each 
day  in  the  year,  to  hoist  the  flag  briskly  at  sunrise. 
Irrespective  of  the  condition  of  the  weather,  and  to 
lower  it  slowly  and  ceremoniously  at  sunset,  indi- 
cating the  commencement  and  cessation  of  the  activi- 
ties of  the  day,  ana  to  display  it  at  half-staff  on 
Memorial  Day  (May  30)  from  sunrise  until  noon 
and  at  fuU  staff  from  noon  until  sunset,  and  also  on 
other  days  specially  designated  for  that  purpose  by 
the  proper  authority,  the  flag  always  being  first 
hoisted  to  the  top  of  the  staff  before  being  lowered 
to  the  lialf-stafl  position. 

There  has  been  some  question  among  civilians 
concerning  the  exact  location  of  a  flag  hung  at  "half- 
staff."  Theoretically,  the  flag  is  always  hung  on  a 
separate  staff,  much  shorter  than  the  staffs  usually 
erected  on  buildings,  and  as  a  consequence  a  flag 
hung  at  half-staff  would  be  located  much  higher  on 
the  ordinary  flagstaff  than  under  the  present  prac- 
tice, but  still  the  custom  of  placing  the  half-staffed 
flag  In  about  the  center  of  the  flagpole,  whatever 
its  length  may  be,  is  rather  generally  obsei-ved 
throughout  the  country,  and  this  department  sees 
no  real  objection  to  this  custom.  Considerable 
discussion  has  arisen  throughout  the  country  con- 
cerning the  proper  manner  of  hanging  and  displaying 
the  flag  for  decorative  purposes.  As  already  stated, 
there  is  no  Federal  law  governing  the  subject,  and 
individual  opinion  differs  as  to  the  procedure  that 
should  or  should  not  be  followed.  It  has  been  sug- 
gested that  as  far  as  possible  the  hanging  of  the  flag 
should  be  restricted  to  suspending  It  from  a  flag  pole, 
in  the  regular  way,  and  not  to  displaying  it  other- 
wise; that  for  purposes  of  decoration  only  the  national 
colors  should  be  arranged  in  the  form  of  bunting  and 
not  to  be  used  In  the  form  of  the  flag;  that  if  it  is 
nevertheless  the  desire  to  use  the  flag  for  decorative 
purposes  it  should  always  be  hung  flat,  whether  on 
the  inside  or  the  outside  of  buildings,  with  the  union 
to  the  north  or  east,  so  that  there  will  be  a  general 
uniformity  in  the  position  of  the  union  of  each  flag 
displayed;  that  the  flag  should  rarely  be  displayed 
In  a  horizontal  position  or  laid  flat;  that  under  no 
circimistances  should  it  be  hung  where  it  can  easily 
be  coutaminated  or  soiled,  or  be  draped  over  chaus 
or  benches  to  be  used  for  seating  purposes,  and  that 
no  object  or  emblem  of  any  kind  should  be  placed 
above  or  upon  It.  This  department  sees  no  objec- 
tion to  flying  the  flag  at  night  on  civilian  property, 
provided  it  is  not  so  flown  for  advertising  purposes. 

Days  for  Displaying  Flag — It  is  becoming  the 
practice  throughout  the  country,  among  civilians, 
to  display  the  national  flag  on  all  patriotic  occasions, 
especially  on  the  following  days:  Lincoln's  Birthday, 
Washington's  Birthday,  Mothers'  Day,  Memorial 
Day,  Flag  Day,  Independence  Day.  In  certain 
localities      other      special      days      are      observed 


in    the    same    manner.      It    seems    to    be    ap- 

gropriate  that  where  several  flags  or  em- 
lema  are  displayed  on  a  pole,  or  otherwise,  the 
United  St-ates  flag  should  always  be  hoisted  first 
and  hung  or  displayed  at  the  top;  that  In  any  parade 
the  United  States  flag  should  always  have  the  place 
of  honor,  and  that  the  flag  should  never  be  hung  or 
displayed  with  the  union  down  except  as  a  signal  of 
distress  at  sea.  Existing  regulations  governing  the 
army  provide  that  when  officers  and  enlisted  men 
pass  the  national  flag,  not  encased,  they  will  render 
honors  as  follows:  If  in  clviUaa  dress  and  covered, 
they  will  imcover,  holding  the  headdress  opposite 
the  left  shoulder  with  the  right  hand;  if  uncovered, 
they  will  salute  with  the  rlgiit  hand  salute.  A  flag 
imfurled  and  hung  in  a  room  In  which  officers  or 
enlisted  men  of  the  army  are  pteaeax,  wUl  be  salut-ed 
by  them  the  flrst  time  they  may  have  occasion  to 
pass  It,  but  not  thereafter.  The  hand  salute  is  aa 
follows:  Raise  the  right  hand  smartly  till  the  tip 
of  the  forefinger  touches  the  lower  part  of  the  head- 
dress above  the  right  eye.  thumb  and  fingers  ex- 
tended and  Joined,  palm  to  left,  forearm  Inclined  to 
about  45  degrees,  hand  and  wrist  straight;  at  the 
same  time  look  toward  the  person  saluted;  drop 
the  arm  smartly  to  the  side. 

No  anthem,  hynm  or  musical  air  has  been  recog- 
nized by  any  Federal  law  as  the  national  anthem, 
hymn  or  air,  but  army  and  navy  regulations  provide 
that  the  musical  composition  familiarly  known  aa 
The  Star-Spangled  Banner  shall  be  designated  as  the 
national  air  of  the  United  States  of  America.  It 
should  be  stated,  however,  that  these  regulations 
are  binding  only  upon  the  personnel  of  the  military 
and  naval  service.  Whenever  the  national  air  is 
played  at  any  place  where  persons  belonging  to  the 
military  or  naval  service  are  present,  all  ofllcers 
and  enlisted  men  not  in  formation  are  required  to 
stand  at  attention,  facing  toward  the  music,  except- 
ing when  the  flag  is  being  lowered  at  sunset,  on  which 
occasion  they  are  required  to  lace  toward  the  flag. 
If  In  civilian  dress  and  uncovered,  they  are  requir«l 
to  stand  and  salute  at  the  fltst  note  of  the  air,  re- 
taining the  position  of  salute  until  the  last  note  of 
the  air  is  played.  If  in  clyiUan  dress  and  covered, 
they  are  required  to  stand  and  uncover  at  the  first 
note  of  the  ah',  holding  the  headdress  opposite  the 
left  shoulder  until  the  last  note  Is  played,  excepting 
in  inclement  weather,  when  the  headdress  may  be 
held  slightly  raised.  The  custom  of  rising  and  re- 
maining standing  and  uncovered  while  "The  Star- 
Spangled  Banner  is  being  played  is  growing  In  favor 
among  civilians. 

Old  or  worn-out  flags  should  not  be  used  either 
for  banners  of  for  any  secondary  purpose.  When 
a  flag  is  tn  such  a  condition  that  it  Is  no  longer  a 
fitting  emblem  for  display,  it  should  not  be  cast 
aside  nor  used  in  any  way  that  might  be  viewed  as 
disrespectful  to  the  national  colors,  but  should  be 
destroyed  as  a  whole,  privately,  preferably  by  burn- 
ing or  by  some  other  method  lacking  in  any  sugges- 
tion of  irreverence  or  disrespect  due  the  emblem 
representing  our  country.  It  should  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  views  set  forth  here  are  merely  sug- 
gestive and  that  it  is  not  the  Intention  of  the  de- 
partment to  give  them  out  as  authoritative. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  FLAG  AND  ITS  CHA^'OES 
IN    DESIGN. 

According  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution  there 
were  many  forms  of  early  flags,  especially  C^olonial 
types  used  by  the  individual  colonies  and  militia 
regiments,  before  the  flag  of  the  United  States  was 
established  by  the  Continental  Congress  on  June  14, 
1777,  now  celebrated  as  Flag  Day.  This  act  re- 
quired that  the  flag  of  the  United  States  be  of 
thirteen  horizontal  stripes,  alternate  red  and  white, 
and  that  the  union  be  thirteen  white  stars  on  a  blue 
field,  representing  a  new  constellation,  but  it  did  not 
define  how  many  points  the  stars  should  have,  how 
they  should  be  arranged,  nor  make  provision  for. 
additional  ones.  (Jne  of  the  first  occasions  for  public 
display  of  the  "Stars  and  Stripes"  Is  said  to  have, 
been  on  August  6,  1777,  when  the  new  flag  was; 
hoisted  over  the  troops  at  Fort  Schuyler,  Rome, 
N.  y.  John  Paul  Jones  Is  said  to  have  been  the: 
fii-st  to  fly  the  "Stars  and  Stripes"  over  the  high 


636 


TJie  American  Flag-^Gontinued: 


THE  PRESIDENT'S  FLAG, 


seas,  on  the.  Ranger,  In  November,  1777.  The 
ISational  Museum  has  an  early  naval  12-star  type 
flag  said  to  have  been  flown  by  John  Paul  Jones 
during  the  War  et  the  Revolution.  From  the  time 
of  the  Revolution  the  stars  and  stripes  in  the  flag 
have  varied.  There  were  13  stars  during  the  Revolu- 
tion. 15  In  the  War  of  1812,  29  in  the  Mexican  War, 
33  to  35  In  the  Civil  War,  45  in  the  Spanish  War, 
and  48  to-day.  Tke  stripes  were  changed  first  from 
13  to  15,  and  then  back  again  to  13.  ;It  may  be 
surprising  to  know  that  our  national  flag  is  among 
the  oldest  flags  of  the  nations,  being  older  than  the 
present  British  Jack,  the  French  Tricolor  and  the 
flag  of  Spain,  and  many  years  older  than  the  flags 
of  Germany  and  Italy,  some  of  which  are  either 
personal  flags  or  those  of  the  reigning  families. 

The  American  flag  of  the  highest  historic  and  senti- 
mental value  to  the  whole  country  Is  in  the  National 
Museum  collections.  It  is  the  original  "Star- 
Spangled  Banner"  which  flew  over  Fort  McHenry 
in  Baltimore  Harbor  during  the  bombardment  on 
September  13-14,  1814,  and  was  the  inspiration  of 
Francis  Scott  Key's  Immortal  poem,  now  sung  as 
our  national  anthem.  It  is  of  the  15  star  and  stripe 
type  adopted  after  the  admission  of  Vermont  and 
Kentucky  by  an  act  approved  by  President  Wash- 
ington, January  13,  1794.  The  "Star-Spangled 
Banner"  measures  about  30  feet  square,  though  it 
was  probably  somewhat  longer,  and  is  nluch  battered 
and  torn,  with  one  star  missing,  possibly  shot  away. 
From  1795  this  form  continued  as  the  standard  flag 
until  President  Monroe's  Administration,  when 
Congress  enacted  that  It  should  thereafter  be  of 
thirteen  stripes  and  twenty  stars,  with  the  addition 
of  a  star  for  each  new  State,  commencing  July  4, 
1818. 

It  seems  that  for  many  years  the  army  did  not 
carry  the  Stars  and  Stripes  in  battle,  though  it  had 
been  in  general  use  as  a  garrison  flag.  The  land 
forces  during  this  period  and  before  carried  what  was 
known  as  national  colors  or  standards  of  blue,  with 
the  coat  of  arms  of  the  United  States,  comprising 
an  eagle  surmounted  by  a  number  of  stars,  emblaz- 
oned thereon,  with  the  designation  of  the  body  of 
troops.  In  1834,  War  Department  regulations  gave 
the  artillery  the  right  to  carry  thewStars  and  Stripes. 
Tlie  infantry  and  cavalry  still  used  the  national 
standards,  which  remained  the  colors  of  the  Infantry 
until  1841  and  of  the  cavalry  until  1887,  when  that 
branch  of  the  army  was  ordered  to  carry  the  Stars 
and  Stripes.  From  its  adoption  in  1777,  however, 
naval   vessels    universally   displayed    the    National 


Flag.  The  history  of  the  flag  thus  Indicates  that 
the  Stars  and  Stripes  was  not  oflielally  carried  by 
American  troops  in  battle  until  the  period  of  th« 
Mexican  War,  1846-47.  In  that  war  a  flag  of  13 
stars  and  stripes  was  carried  by  the  battalion  of 
volunteers  from  Maryland  and  the  District  of  Col- 
umbia, and  the  flag  of  Company  I,  Fourth  Regi- 
ment of  Indiana  Infantry,  of  13  stripes,  with  an 
eagle  In  the  fleld.  Ten  flags  of  the  National  Museum 
collection  pertain  to  the  Civil  War.  Other  flaga 
Include  some  of  the  Spanish-American  War,  a  flag 
used  by  Admiral  Charles  Wilkes,  U.  S.  Navy;  a 
miniature  flag  carried  by  Captsfin  C.  F.  Hall  in  the 
Arctic,  1864-1869;  the  American  colors  carried  by 
Rear-Admiral  Peary  In  his  Arctic  explorations  in 
1909;  the  flag  carried  by  the  Smithsonian  African 
Expedition  under  the  direction  of  Col.  Theodore 
Roosevelt,  In  1909-10;  and  numerous  examples  of 
the  National  Ensign  which  has  flown  in  notable 
engagements  and  during  countless  worthy  achieve- 
ments. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  FLAG. 

The  ofBclal  flag  of  the  United  States  bears  forty- 
eight  white  stars  In  a  blue  fleld,  arranged  In  six  rows 
of  eight  stars  each.  Two  stars  were  added  In  1912 
by  the  admission  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  to  the 
Union.  The  garrison  flag  of  the  Army  Is  made  of 
bunting,  thirty-six  feet  fly  and  twenty  feet  hoist, 
thirteen  stripes,  and  in  the  upper  quarter,  next  the 
staff,  is  the  field  or  "union"  of  stars,  equal  to  the 
number  of  States,  on  blue  fleld,  over  one-third 
length  of  the  flag,  extending  to  the  lower  edge  of 
the  fourth  red  stripe  from  the  top.  The  storm  flag 
is  twenty  feet  by  ten  feet,  and  the  recruiting  flag 
nine  feet  nine  Inches  by  four  feet  four  Inches.  The 
"Union  Jack"  Is  blue  with  a  star  for  every  State  in 
white.  The  Coast  Guard  flag,  authorized  by  act 
of  Congress,  March  2,  1799,  was  originally  prescribed 
to  "consist  of  sixteen  perpendicular  stripes,  alter- 
nate red  and  white,  the  union  of  the  ensign  bearing 
the  arms  of  the  United  States  In  dark  blue  on  a 
white  field."  The  sixteen  stripes  represented  the 
number  of  States  which  had  been  admitted  to  the 
Union  at  that  time,  and  no  change  has  been  made 
since.  June  14,  the  anniversary  of  the  adoption 
of  the  flag,  Is  celebrated  as  Flag  Day  in  a  large  parft 
of  the  Union. 

VvTien  the  National  and  State  or  other  flags  fly 
together  the  National  flag  should  be  on  the  right. 
When  used  on  a  bier  or  casket  at  a  funeral  the  stars 
should  be  placed  at  the  head.     In  no  case  should- 


Service  Flags— Who  May  Display— Meaning  of  Stars.       037 


THE  AMERICAN  FVAG— Continued. 


the  flag  be  allowed  to  touch  the  ground.  The 
statutes  of  the  United  States  forbid  the  use  of  the 
flag  ia  registered  trade-marks,  and  the  use  of  the 
flag  for  advertising  purposes  is  illegal.  The  Presi- 
dent's flag  consists  of  a  blue  field  with  four  wliite 
stars,  one  in  each  corner,  similar  to  the  Admiral's 
flag,  and  in  the  centre  a  white  spread-eagle  with 
red,  white,  and  blue  shield  on  the  body,  the  design 
being  very  similar  to  the  seal  of  the  United  States. 
This  spread-eagle  design  is  based  upon  the  seal 
which  has  been  used  in  the  White  House  for  many 
years  as  the  peisonal  seal  of  the  President.  The 
Ihig  of  Admiral  ot  V.  S.  Navy  is  blue  with  four  white 
stars — two  liorizontal  and  two  perpendicular  in 
cyntre.  The  Hag  of  Vlce-Adrairal  of  U.  S.  ISTavy 
is  blue  witli  tliree  white  stars — triangular.  The 
Hag  of  the  Seoret,ary  of  the  Navy  is  blue  with  two 
white  stars  (perpendicular)  at  either  end  and  white 
anchor  in  centre.  The  use  of  the  13-star  boat  flag 
has  been  discontinued,  and  in  its  place  is  a  48-star 
Uu€.  The  consular  flag  is  blue  with  large  white  C 
in  centre,  surrounded  by  thirteen  white  stars.  The 
flag  of  the  Panama  Canal  coasists  of  a  blue  square 
l-earlng  the  letters  "P.  C."  in  white. 
The  flag  of  New  York  State  is  blue  charged  wli'n 


the  ai-ms  of  the  State.  The  flag  of  New  YorK  Citj 
consists  of  three  perpendicular  lines,  blue,  white; 
and  orange  (the  blue  nearcet  the  flaKstafl) ;  on  the 
white  bar  is  the  seal  of  the  city,  without  the  leecnd. 

FLAG  DESECRATION. 
New  York  forbids  the  use  of  the  flag  for  adver- 
tising purposes  and  punishes  public  mutilation, 
trampling  or  casting  contempt  upon  flag  as  .1  mis- 
demeanor. The  New  York  statute  also  provide* 
for  a  forfeiture  of  a  penalty  of  .S50  for  each  offense, 
to  be  recovere<l  in  a  civil  action,  whicli  may  he- 
brought  by  or  in  name  of  any  citizen  and  two  or  more 
penalties  may  be  sued  for  and  recovered  in  one  .lo- 
tion. Money  so  recovered,  less  rea.sonable  cost  and! 
expense,  is  paid  into  State  Treasury.  Provisions  ot 
New  York  statute  are  not  to  be  construed  as  apply- 
ing to  a  certificate,  diploma,  warrant  or  commission 
of  appointment  to  office,  ornamental  picture,  article 
of  Jewelry,  stationery  for  use  in  private  coiTe.spond- 
ence,  or  newspaper  or  periodical;  nor  to  advertising 
put  out  by  U.  .S.  in  its  governmental  capacity,'!.  e.» 
to  obtain  recruits  or  to  advertise  its  goverumentaJ 
iictivities.  These  activities  are  in  no  way  r<^!atedi 
to  commerce. 


SERVICE    FLAOS-WHO    MAY    DISPLAY-i^^EANING    OF   STARS. 

(By  Lleut.-Col.  Judge  Advocate  Nathan  \V.  J,I.aeChosney  of  the  National  Army.) 


The  service  flag  is  not  an  ofllcial  flag  of  the  United 
Statea  Government.  The  idea  was,  so  far  as  wo 
:ire  advised,  an  entirely  novel  one,  the  credit  for 
the  conception  of  which  appears  to  be  due  to  R.  L. 
Queisser  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  who  designed  and  pat- 
ented the  present  flag.  It  has,  however,  taken  such 
firm  root  in  popular  sentiment  and  has  been  of  such 
beneficial  influence  that  it  Is  otflclally  recognized, 
and  everyone  who  is  entitled  to  fly  it  is  encouraged 
and  urged  to  do  so.  Mr.  Queisser  was  formerly 
captain  of  the  machine  gun  company,  5th  Ohio 
Jiir.iutry  (now  145th  United  States  Infantry),  from 
which  he  was  retired  because  of  an  accident. 

Who  Are  Bntltted  to  Representation — (a)  The 
basic  idea  of  the  service  flag  is  that  there  shall  be  a 
star  to  represent  each  person  serving  with  the  colors. 
Pei-haps  the  best  guide  as  to  what  persons  shall  be 
entitled  to  this  honor  is  the  legislation  enactpd  by 
Congress  for  the  benefit  of  those  in  the  military  ser- 
vice. Those  whom  Congress  has  thus  recognized 
may  properly,  it  would  seem,  be  accepted  as  entitled 
to  representation  on  the  service  flag,  since  they  are 
"persons  in  military  service,"  as  defined  by  the 
highest  legislative  body  of  the  Nation;  and  con- 
versely those  to  whom  Congress  has  not  seen  fit 
t-o  ext-end  such  recognition  ought  not  to  be  repre- 
sented on  the  service  flag,  which  is  limited,  both  in 
its  conception  and  by  common  usage,  to  those  in 
the  military  service.  This  legislation  is  found  in 
the  war-risk  insiu'ance  act  and  the  soldiers'  and 
sailors'  civil  relief  act. 

The  war-risk  insurance  act  states  (Art.  I,  sec.  22) : 

"(7)  The  terms  'man'  and  "enlisted  man'  mean  a 
person,  wliether  male  or  female,  and  whether  en- 
listed, enrolled,  or  drafted  into  active  service  in  the 
military  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States,  and 
include  non-commissioned  and  petty  officers  and 
members  of  training  camps  authorized  by  law. 

"(12)  The  term  'military  or  naval  forces'  means 
the  Army,  the  Navy,  the  Marine  Corps,  the  Coast 
cuard,  the  Naval  Reserves,  the  National  Naval 
A'oluuteers,  and  any  other  branch  of  the  United 
States  service  while  serving  pursuant  to  law  with 
the  Army  or  the  Navy." 

The  soldiers'  and  sailors'  civil  relief  act  provides: 

"See.  101.  (I)  That  the  term  'persons  in  military 
F.crvice,'  as  used  in  this  act,  shall  Include  the  following 
jjersons  and  no  others:  All  ofBcers  and  enlisted  men 
ot  the  Regular  Army,  the  Regular  Army  Reserve, 
the  Offlcers'  Reserve  Corps,  and  the  Enlisted  Re- 
serve Corps;  all  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the 
National  Guard  and  National  Guard  Reserve 
recognized  by  the  Militia  Bureau  of  the  War  De- 
partment; all  forces  itilsed  under  the  act  entitled 
'An  act  to  authorize  the  President  to  increase  tem- 
porarily the  Military  Establishment  of  the  United 
States,'  approved  May  18,  1917  (the  selective  ser- 
vice act);  all  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Navj', 


the  Marine  Corps,  and  the  Coast  Guard;  all  officers, 
and  enlisted  men  of  the  Naval  Militia,  Naval  Re- 
sen/e  Forcfe,  Marine  Corps  Reserve,  and  National 
Naval  Volunteers  recognized  by  the  Navy  Depart- 
ment; all  officers  of  the  Public  Health  Service  de- 
tailed by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  for  duty 
eltlier  with  the  Army  or  the  Navy;  any  of  the  per- 
sonnel of  the  Lighthouse  Servico  and  of  the  Coast 
and  Geodetic  Survey  transferred  by  the  President 
to  the  service  and  jurisdiction  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment or  of  the  Navy  Department;  members  of  the 
Nurse  Corps,  Army  field  clerks,  fleld  clerks  Quarter- 
master Corps,  civilian  clerks  and  employees  on  duty 
with  the  military  forces  detailed  for  service  abroad 
in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  existing  law; 
and  members  of  any  other  body  who  have  hereto- 
fore or  may  hereafter  become  a  part  of  the  military 
or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States.  The  termi 
'military  service,'  as  tised  In  this  deflnltlon,  shaH 
signify  active  service  in  any  branch  of  service  hereto- 
fore mentioned  or  referred  to,  but  reserves  and  per- 
sons on  the  retired  list  shall  not  be  included  in  the 
term  'persons  in  military  service'  until  orderp<l  to 
active  service.  The  term  active  service'  shall  in- 
clude the  period  during  which  a  person  in  military 
sei^vice  is  absent  from  duty  on  account  ot  sickness, 
wounds,  leave,  or  other  lawful  cause." 

Recognition  of  Women — (b)  Women.— As  will 
be  noted,  all  persons  Included  in  the  several  military 
forces  above  enumerated  are,  without  regard  to  their 
sex,  deemed  to  be  "persona  In  military  service," 
and  no  good  reason  is  perceived  why  a  woman  per- 
forming active  service  in  any  of  the  foregoing  branches 
should  not  be  accorded  the  honor  of  representation 
on  the  service  flag. 

(c)  Reserves. — Clearly,  persona  in  any  of  the 
reserve  forces  are  not  entitled  to  representation  until 
they  are  called  into  and  enter  upon  active  duty. 

(d)  State  forces. — Members  of  the  Nationalt 
Guard  not  federalized.  State  militia  or  reserves, 
and  home  guards  are  not  entitled  to  representation 
on  the  service  flag  by  reason  ot  such  service.  II 
and  when  called  into  the  Federal  military  or  naval 
service  for  active  duty,  they  then  properly  may  be 
represented.  The  United  States  Guards  are  not  a 
State  force,  but  are  a  part  of  tlie  Federal  Military 
Establishment,  organized  under  the  selective  service  • 
act  of  May  18,  1917,  and  are  entitled  to  representa-  ■ 
tion. 

(e)  Men  in  training. — Men  attending  the  officerff 
training  camps  of  the  United  States  Anny  or  Navy 
at  cantonments,  camps,  or  forts  are  in  the  active 
military  service  and  entitled  to  representation. 
Students  taking  military  instruction  at  colleges  and 
universities  may  have  either  a  civilian  or  a  reserve 
military  status.  If  they  are  membera  of  training' 
imits  organized  by  the  War  Department  In  institu-. 
tions  maintaining  prescribed  course  of  military  In- 


633   Service  Flag— Who  May  Display — Meaning  of  Stars— Continued. 


struotion,  and  have  taken  the  oath  of  enlistment, 
thev  are  in  the  reserve  forces  of  the  Army  of  the 
Uni'red  States  and  liable  to  active  duty  at  the  call 
of  the  President,  but  until  such  call  to  active  duty 
thev  are  not  entitled  to  representation  on  the  service 
flag,  having  only  a  reserve  status.  Students  under 
18,  and  therefore  not  legally  eligible  for  such  enlist- 
ment, who  have  enroUaci  in  training  units,  and  all 
members  of  training  organizations  not  recognized 
bv  (he  War  Department  or  who  have  not  taken  the 
oath  of  enlistment,  have  only  a  civilian  status  and 
are  not  entitled  to  .representation  on  the  service 
flag. 

(.()  Other  patriotic  service. — It  is  recognized  that 
members  of  the  reserves.  Stats  forces,  training  corps, 
and  lU?e  organizations  are  parformiug  service  wliich 
is  or  may  become  very  valuable  to  the  country  at 
this  time.  Many  others,  such  as  member.s  of  the 
loca'  and  district  boards  of  the  Selective  Service 
Svstem,  and  of  the  medical  and  legal  advisory  boards 
attached  thereto,  of  the  lied  Cross,  of  the  various 
official  war  boards  and  commissions,  V,  M.  C.  A., 
K.  C,  and  Jewish  Welfare  Board  secretaries  and 
clergy,  aid  societies,  etc.,  are  doing  most  necessary 
and  helpful  work.  There  should  be  no  desire  any- 
where to  minimize  its  importance  and  value  or  to 
detract  In  any  wise  from  the  credit  they  should  be 
given  therefor;  but,  the  service  flag  being  limited 
to  persons  in  the  military  service,  it  is  belie\'ed  that 
persons  rendering  service  collaterally  connected 
with  or  of  assistance  to  the  military  or  nayal  ser- 
vice, but  not  a  part  of  it,  should  not  be  represented 
on  the  service  flag,  cither  by  tlie  regulation  star  or 
bj-  any  distinguishing  symbol  in  lieu  thereof,  such 
as  a  red  cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  triangle,  &c.  Undoubt- 
edly such  persons  are  performing  a  splendid  service, 
for  which  they  should  receive  full  recognition  and 
appreciation,  but  such  representation  would  be 
contrary  to  the  spirit  and  purpose  of  the  service 
flag,  which  was  designed  to  be.  and  has  been  accepted 
By  the  people  of  this  country  as  a  means  of  showing 
our  homage  to  those  who  have  entered  the  military 
and  naval  service  In  this  crisis,  our  appreciation  of 
the  sacrifice  they  are  making  and  the  prldo  taken 
therein  by  members  of  their  families  and  organiza- 
tions with  which  fhey  are  afflliated,  and  a  visible 
token  to  them  aad  to  us  that  while  away  in  their 
country's  service  they  are  not  forgotten  by  their 
loved  ones  at  home.  Representation  of  others 
thereon,  however  worthy  the  work  they  are  perform- 
ing, would  be  deemed  by  many  as  in  some  measure 
detracting  from  or  lessening  the  honor  designed  to 
be  accorded  to  those  engaged  in  the  military  or 
naval  service.  The  addition  of  anything  except  the 
authorized  stars  is  also  discountenanced  as  being 
apt  to  confuse  and  as  militating  against  the  basic 
purpose  of  the  service  flag. 

(g)  There  has  also  been  some  indication  of  a  desire 
to  adapt  the  service-flag  idea  by  transposition  of  the 
colora,  use  of  dlBerent  symbols,  change  of  form  or 
design,  etc.,  to  purposes  and  uses  other  than  the 
original  one — for  instance,  for  service  In  the  mission- 
ary field,  charitable  and  social  welfare  work,  etc. 
This  also  is  deemed  very  inadvisable,  at  least  until 
after  the  termination  of  the  war,  for  like  reasons. 
Appropriation  of  this  idea  to  any  other  purpose 
than  that  for  which  it  was  designed  and  to  which  it 
Is  limited  by  established  popular  sentiment  can  not 
have  other  than  a  harmful  effect  and  must  be  con- 
demned. The  good  effect  of  the  service  flag  must 
be  conserved  by  strict  observance  of  its  proper  use 
and  preservation  of  its  special  significance. 

Men  in  Aides'  Service — (h)  Men  in  Allies'  ser- 
vice.— The  use  of  the  service  flag  is  customarily 
limited  to  those  in  the  military  or  naval  service  of 
the  United  States,  but  no  objection  Is  seen  to  ex- 
tending the  honor  of  representation  thereon  to  those 
in  the  service  of  our  allies,  at  least  where  they  enlisted 
before  our  entrance  into  the  jrar  or  were  so  situated 
that  they  could  not  enter  the  military  service  of 
their  own  country. 

(i)  Noncombatant  service. — It  is  believed  that  to 
limit  representation  on  the  service  flag  to  those  in 
combatant  organizations  is  impractical  and  undesir- 
able. It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  define  with  accu- 
racy the  "fighting"  personnel  and  to  draw  the  line 
of  demarkation  between  those  "who  must  face 
ttanger  for  their  country"  and  those  who  may  not 
be  called  upon  to  do  so.  The  essence  of  military 
service  is  that  those  who  enter  it  subject  themselves 
to  orders  to  perform  any  duty,  combatant  or  other- 
Wise,  wherever  directed,  whether  in  the  front  line  or 


elsewhere.  Men  in  noncombatant  branches  are  fre- 
quently called  upon  for  comb.ltant  service  or  for 
duty  which  exposes  them  to  danger,  and  men  in 
combatant  branches  are  not  infrequently  assigned 
to  noncombatant  duty.  Further,_  all  are  subject 
to  transfer  from  one  branch  to  another,  if  deemed 
for  the  best  interests  of  the  service,  and  such  trans- 
fers are  often  made,  especially  in  the  case  of  officers. 
The  great  rhajority  in  noncombatant  service  are 
there  because  their  training,  education,  experience, 
or  other  circumstancos  make  them  more  valuable 
there.  The  Army  and  Navy  are  vast  organizationa 
and  competent  men  in  administrative,  supply, 
medical,  and  other  noncombatant  services  are  no 
less  essential  than  in  the  combatant  service,  the 
efficiency  of  which  in  large  measure  depends  upon 
the  adequacy  and  efficiency  of  the  former.  To 
draw  invidioua  distinctions  between  them  is  in  most 
instances  unjust.  None  appreciate  this  more  fully 
than  the  men  in  combatant  service,  who  understand 
how  otiicrs  in  the  military  service  regard  it  as  a 
hardship  and  misfortune  not  to  have  their  oppor- 
tunity of  distinguishing  themselves  at  the  front.  It 
is  believed  that  It  would  be  unjust,  even  if  practical, 
to  determine  who  will  be  protected  from  danger 
throi'.gliout  the  war,  to  disregard  the  sacrifice  they 
are  making  and  their  willingness  for  any  service,  and 
to  penalize  them  by  such  visible  stigma  as  omission 
from  the  service  flag.  All  those  who  serve  in  the 
zone  of  the  advance  in  the  war  will  receive  the  war- 
service  chevroas  as  the  official  distinction  for  under- 
going such  hazards,  and  those  not  called  upon  to 
perform  service  there  should,  it  would  seem,  at  least 
receive  such  recognition  as  is  given  by  representation 
on  the  service  flag. 

Members  of  the  Household — (J)  When  flown 
from  a  home  a  husband,  son,  father,  or  brother  may 
properly  be  represented  on  the  service  flag,  even 
though  he  did  not  actually  leave  from  that  house- 
hold directly  to  go  into  the  service,  but  in  case  of 
any  more  distant  relatives  they  sliould  actually  be 
members  of  the  household  where  the  flag  is  dis- 
played and  have  left  for  the  service  directly  from 
such  household.  Domestic  employees,  roomers,  or 
boarders  should  not  be  represented. 

(k)  When  flown  by  a  club  or  other  society  only 
those  who  are  actually  members,  active  or  honorary, 
of  such  club  or  society  should  be  represented.  Stars 
should  not  be  placed  thereon  for  husbands,  sons, 
fathers,  or  brothers,  or  other  relatives  of  members 
merely  because  of  such  relationship. 

(1)"  When  flown  by  a  business  coneern  it  should 
represent  only  members  of  the  firm  and  employes 
going  directly  to  the  service  from  such  place  of  busi- 
ness, with  some  continuous  relation  existing  and 
!  where  there  is  an  expectation  of  return  to  the  em- 
plovment.  Since  the  stars  should  represent  only 
those  who  are  an  integral  part  of  the  business  or 
organization  which  flies  the  flag,  the  service  flag  of  a 
building  should  not  contain  stars  to  represent  ten- 
ants who  have  gone  into  the  service  from  sucli 
building  any  more  than  the  service  flag  of  a  mercan- 
tile concern  should  represent  its  customers,  of  a  pro- 
fessional concern  Its  clients,  or  of  a  hotel  its  guests. 

Scliools  and  Colleges — (m)  Schools  and  colleges 
may  properly  represent  trustees,  members  of  the 
faculty,  graduates,  and  undergraduates. 

(n)  Organization  flags.— There  is  some  sentim.ent 
in  favor  of  distinguishing  flags  representing  members 
of  a  family  from  those  represeutlng  members  of 
organizations  by  limiting  the  individual  stars  to 
the  family  flags,  the  organization  to  use  a  single  star 
with  a  numeral  to  indicate  the  number  who  hav,e 
gone  and  to  represent  individually,  by  sliver  and 
gold  stars  as  hereinafter  indicated,  only  those  who 
are  Invalided,  wounded,  or  kUled.  Thi3  would 
enable  anyone  clearly  to  determine  in  any  doubtful 
case  whether  the  persons  represented  are  members 
of  the  family  or  employes,  and,  in  cases  where  there 
are  a  large  number,  would  show  more  distinctly 
how  many  have  gone  from  such  organizations. 

Manner  of  Representation — (a)  A  blue  star  is 
used  to  represent  each  person,  man  or  woman,  in 
military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States. 

Several  methods  liave  been  suggested  for  repre- 
sentation of  those  invalided,  wounded,  or  killed  in 
the  service.  The  following  Is  believed  to  state  the 
consensus  of  opinion  and  accepted  usage: 

(b)  For  those  killed  in  action  a  gold  star  will  be 
substituted  for  the  blue  star  or  superimposed  on  it 
in  such  manner  as  to  entirely  cover  it.  The  idea 
of  the  gold  star  is  that  of  the  honor  and  glory  accorded 


Who  May  Wear  an  Army  or  Navy  Uniform. 


639 


SERVICE  FLAG— WHO  MAY  DISPLAY— MEANIN.G  OF  STARS.— ConZirawed. 


the  person  for  his  supreme  sacrifice  in  offering  up 
for  his  country  his  "last  full  measure  of  devotion," 
and  the  pride  of  the  family  In  It,  rather  than  the 
Bense  of  personal  loss,  which  would  be  represented 
by  a  mourning  symbol,  even  though  white  were  to 
be  used  instead  of  black. 

(c)  For  those  wounded  In  action  a  silver  star  will 
be  substituted  for  the  blue  star  or  superimposed 
on  it  in  such  manner  as  to  entirely  cover  it.  Use  of 
the  star  in  this  manner  would  be  limited  to  those 
entitled  to  the  olScial  wound  chevron  which  is 
awarded  to  those  receiving  wounds  in  action  with 
the  enemy  or  disabled  by  a  gas  attack,  necessitating 
treatment  by  a  medical  officer. 

(d)  For  those  who  subsoauently  die  from  such 
wounds  or  gas  disablement,  the  gold  star  will  be 
superimposed  on  the  silver  in  sucli  manner  as  to 
leave  a  margin  of  silver  around  the  gold. 

(e)  For  those  disabled  or  invalided  home  by  injury 
or  disease  incurred  in  line  of  duty  in  the  military  or 
naval  service,  a  silver  star  will  be  superimposed  on 
the  blue  star  in  such  manner  as  to  leave  a  margin 
of  blue  around  the  silver.  While  there  is  some 
sentiment  in  favor  of  limiting  this  to  those  who  are 
thus  injured  or  disabled  overseas  in  the  zone  of  the 
advance,  it  is  believed  it  may  properly  be  extended 
to  those  who  are  so  injured  or  diseased  at  a  training 
camp  or  before  reaching  France.  However,  those 
rejected  at  a  training  camp  as  physically  imflt,  before 
any  substantial  service,  and  those  incurring  injury 
or  disease  otiierwise  than  in  line  of  duty,  espe- 
cially it  the  result  of  their  own  misconduct,  clearly 
are  not  entitled  to  this  additional  distinction. 

(f)  For  those  who  subsequently  die  as  the  result 
of  such  accident  or  disease  contracted  in  line  of  duty, 
and  wiio  were  thus  previously  represented  by  a  silver 
star  superimposed  on  the  blue  with  a  blue  margin. 
a  gold -star  v.-ill  be  substituted  for  this  silver  star  or 
superimposed  in  such  manner  as  to  entirely  cover 
it,  leaving,  however,  the  margin  of  blue. 

(g)  The  width  of  the  silver  or  blue  margin  will 
depend  upon  the  size  of  the  star.  It  should  be 
sufficient  to  be  visible  from  the  beholder's  usual  dis- 
tance. If  possible;  and  hence  should  be  more  than  a 
mere  thin  edge,  if  practicable. 

It  is  believed  that  the  foregoing  will  enable  anyone 
observing  it  to  read  the  message  of  the  flag,  wlilch, 
without  being  unduly  complicated,  will  show  clearly  | 


whether  the  person  represented  was  wounded  or 
Killed  m  action,  died  of  wounds  or  of  disease  or  in- 
jury. 

(h)  Missing. — Where  men  are  reported  missing, 
the  presumption  Is  that  they  have  been  taken  pris- 
oner, unless  the  elrcimistances  clearly  indicate  the 
contrary,  and  unless  authentic  Information  Is  re- 
ceived that  they  have  been  wounded  or  killed  they 
should  continue  to  be  represented  by  the  blue  ser- 
vice star. 

(i)  Men  discharged. — Where  discharged  not  for 
the  good-  of  the  service,  or  upon  request  or  resigna- 
tion, but  from  wounds  or  physical  incapacity  con- 
tracted in  line  of  duty,  entitling  them  to  represen- 
tation by  the  silver  star,  they  will  continue  to  be 
represented  by  the  silver  star  for  the  duration  of  the 
war  even  though  discharged,  as  the  least  tribute  we 
can  give  in  appreciation  of  their  sacrifice.  Where 
discharged  for  other  causes,  such  as  good  of  the 
service,  dependency,  request  or  resignation,  physical 
incapacity  not  acquired  in  the  service  or  in  line  of 
duty,  they  would  appear  thereafter  no  more  entitled 
to  representation  than  other  persons  not  in  the 
military  service. 

The  Roll  of  Honor — The  rUlea  with  reference 
to  the  roll  of  honor  are  essentially  the  same  as  those 
with  reference  to  the  service  flag,  since  both  have 
the  same  object  in  view. 

It  should  properly  be  limited  to  those  entitled  to 
representation  on  the  service  flag.  It  should  be 
headed  by  those  who  have  made  the  supreme  sac- 
rifice, under  the  designation  "In  memoriam,"  or  in 
gold  lettering,  if  desured,  with  a  statement  of  the 
date,  place,  and  manner  of  death.  The  names  of 
the  others  in  service  may  be  subdivided  under  the 
various  branches  of  the  service,  such  as  Army,  Navy, 
Marine  Corps,  &c.,  or  followed  by  the  name  of  the 
organization  in  which  serving  and  place  where  lo- 
cated. 

Persons  serving  in  civilian  capacitlea  In  connection 
with  the  war,  but  not  entitled  to  representation  on 
the  service  flag,  should  be  carried  under  a  separate 
list,  wholly  distinct  from  those  serving  with  the  colore, 
under  some  distinctive  appropriate  title,  such  as 
"Patriotic  service,"  "Government  service,"  "State 
service,"  if  such  is  the  fact,  or  under  the  particular 
work  in  which  they  are  engaged,  aa  Red  Cross. 
Y.  M.  C,  A.,  K.  C,  War  Boards,  &c. 


WHO    MAY    WEAR    AN    ARMY    OR    NAVY    UfJIFO^M. 

(By  Lieut.  Col.  MacChesney.) 


A  great  many  inquiries  are  also  received  with 
reference  to  the  right  to  wear  the  uniform.  This  is 
covered  by  the  national-defense  act  of  June  3,  1916 
(39  Stat.,  216),  which  provides: 

"Sec.  125.  Protection  of  the  uniform. — It  shall 
be  unlawful  for  any  person  not  an  officer  or  enlisted 
man  of  the  United  States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine 
Corps  to  wear  the  duly  prescribed  uniform  of  the 
United  States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine  Corps,  or 
any  distinctive  part  of  such  uniform,  or  a  uniform 
any  part  of  which  is  similar  to  a  distinctive  part  of 
the  duly  prescribed  uniform  of  the  United  States 
Army,  Navy,  or  Marine  Corps":  Provided,  That  the 
foregoing  provision  shall  not  be  construed  so  as  to 
prevent  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  National 
Guard  from  wearing,  In  pursuance  of  law  and  regu- 
lations, the  uniform  lawfully  prescribed  to  be  worn 
by  such  officers  or  enlisted  men  of  the  National 
Guard;  nor  to  prevent  members  of  the  organization 
known  as  the  Boy  Scouts  of  America,  or  the  Naval 
Militia,  or  such  other  organizations  as  the  Secretary 
of  War  may  designate,  from  wearing  their  p/escribed 
uniforms;  nor  to  prevent  persons  Vi'lio  in  time  of  war 
have  served  honorably  as  officers  of  the  United 
States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine  Corps,  Regular  or 
Volunteer,  and  whose  recent  service  was  terminated 
by  an  honorable  discharge,  muster  out,  or  resigna- 
tion, from  wearing,  upon  occasions  of  ceremony, 
the  uniform  of  the  highest  grade  they  have  held 
by  brevet  or  other  commission  in  such  Regular  or 
Volunteer  service;  nor  to  prevent  any  person  who 
has  been  honorably  discharged  from  the  United 
States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine  Corps,  Regular  or 
Volunteer,  from  wearing  his  uniform  from  the  place 
of  his  discharge  to  his  home,  within  three  months 
after  tlie  date  of  such  discharge;  nor  to  i>rovent  tlie 


members  of  military  societies  composed  entirely  of 
iionorat;ly  dlscliarged  olBcera  or  enlisted  men,  or 
both,  of  the  United  States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine 
Corps,  Regular  or  Volunteer,  from  wearing,  upon 
occasions  of  ceremony,  the  uniform  duly  prescribed 
by  such  societies  to  be  worn  by  the  members  thereof; 
nor  to  prevent  the  Instructors  and  members  of  the 
duly  orgatuzed  cadet  corps  of  a  State  university. 
State  college,  or  public  high  school  offering  a  regular 
course  in  military  instruction  from  wearing  the 
uniform  duly  prescribed  by  the  authorities  of  such 
unlvet-sity,  college,  or  public  high  school  for  wear 
by  the  instructors  and  members  of  such  cadet  corps; 
nor  to  prevent  the  instructors  and  Biembers  of  the 
duly  organized  cadet  corps  of  any  other  Institution 
of  learning  offering  a  regular  course  in  military  in- 
struction, and  at  which  an  officer  or  enlisted  man  of 
the  United  States  Army,  Navy,  or  Marine  Corps  is 
lawfully  detailed  for  duty  as  Instructor  in  military 
science  and  tactics,  from  wearing  the  uniform  duly 
prescribed  by  the  authorities  of. such  institution  of 
learning  for  wear  by  the  instructors  and  members 
of  such  cadet  corps;  nor  to  prevent  civilians  attend- 
ant upon  a  course  of  military  or  naval  instruction, 
authorized  and  conducted  by  the  military  or  naval 
authorities  of  the  United  States,  from  wearing,  while 
in  attendance  upon  such  course  of  instruction,  the 
uniform  authorized  and  prescribed  by  such  military 
or  naval  authorities  for  wear  during  such  course  of 
instruction;  nor  to  prevent  any  person  from  wearing 
the  uniform  of  the  United  States  Army,  Navy,  or 
Marine  Corps  in  any  playhouse  or  theater  or  in 
moving-picture  films  while  actually  engaged  in 
representing  therein  a  military  or  naval  character 
not  tending  to  bring  discredit  or  reproach  upon  the 
United    States    Army,    Navy,    or.  Marine    Corps: 


640 


Lumber  Production  in  the  United  States. 


WHO  CAN  WEAR  AN  ARMY  OR  NAVY  VNITOKM— Continued. 


Prodded  furlher.  That  the  uniforms  worn  by  officers 
or  enlisted  men  oJ  the  National  Guard,  or  by  the 
membera  of  the  military  societies,  or  the  instructors 
and  membera  of  the  cadet  corps  referred  to  in  the 
preceding  proviso,  shall  Include  some  distinctive 
mark  or  insignia  to  be  prescribed  by  the  Secretary 
of  iVar  to  distinguish  such  uniforms  from  the  uni- 
forms of  the  United  States  Army.  Navy,  and  Marine 
Corps:  And  provided  further.  That  tlie' membera  of 
the  military  societies  and  the  i»structors  and  mem- 
bers of  the  cadet  corps  hereinbefore  raentloued  eliall 
not  wear  the  insignia  of  rank  prescribed  to  be  worn 
by  ofBcers  of  the  United  States  Army.  Navy,  or 
Marine  Corps,  or  any  insignia  of  ranlc  similar  thereto. 
"Any  person  who  offends  against  tlie  provisions 
of  this  section  sliall,  on  conviction,  be  punislied  by 
a  fine  not  exceeding  S300.  or  by  imprisonment  not 


exceeding  six  months,  or  by  both  such  fine  and  Im- 
prisonment." 

The  constant  attempt  to  imitate  the  uniform  ol 
the  Army  of  the  United  States  by  persons  doing 
worlc  helpful  in  the  war,  but  which  does  not  con- 
stitute them  a  part  of  the  military  service.  Is  a  direct 
violation  or  law  and  is  punishable  in  the  manner 
stated. 

It  has  been  lield  by  some  of  the  authorities  that 
the  use  of  khaki  or  olive-drab  cloth  is  within  the 
Inhibition  of  this  statute  when  made  up  in  the  style 
of  a  uniform.  In  any  event  it  should  be  discouraged 
as  particularly  reprehensible  at  this  time. 

Members  of  the  OfHcers'  Reserve  Corps  and  of 
the  Enlisted  Reserve  Corps  are  held  not  to  be  en- 
titled to  wear  the  uniform  during  the  period  of  the 
war  until  they  are  called  Into  active  service. 


LUMBER    PRODUCTION    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(Calendnr  Year  1916 — by  the  Forest  Service,  U.  S.  Department  ol  Agriculture.) 

[000   omitted.! 


Kind. 


Vellow  pine 

Douglas  flr 

Chestnut 

Oak 

Yellow  poplar 

White  pine 

Red  gum 

Hemlock 

Western  yello'.v  pine. 

Spruce 

Cypress 

Maple 

Redwood 

Larch 

Blrcli 


No.  of  Feet 

Sawed. 
Board  Meas. 


13.411.411 

5,413.431 

419,581 

2.164.633 

394.854 

2.330.831 

651,879 

1.986.653 

1  684.987 

1,129.750 

945.350 

809.341 

490.828 

376.731 

365.943 


Computed 
Total  Prod, 
in  Feet  b.  ra. 


15.055.000 

5.416.000 

535.000 

3.300.000 

560,000 

2,700,000 

800,000 

2,350,000 

1,690,000 

1,250,000 

1.000.000 

975.000 

490.850 

455.000 

450.000 


Kind. 


Cedar 

Beecli 

Tupelo 

Basswoort 

Elm 

Ash 

Cottonwood   . . 

V\Tiite  Ilr 

Sugar  i)ine .... 

Balsam  flr 

Hickory 

Walnut 

Sycamore 

Lodgepole  pine 
Mahogany 


No.  of  Feet 

Sawed. 
Board  Meas, 


322,003 

283.363 

214,239 

209.275 

195.266 

156.204 

134.980 

189.699 

169.247 

97.165 

93,454 

61,167 

28,035 

28,226 

13.244 


Computed 
Total  Prod, 
in  Feet  b.  m. 


410,000 

360,000 

275,000 

275.000 

240.000 

210.000 

200.000 

190.000 

169.250 

125.000 

125,000 

90  000 

40.000 

30,800 


Red  gum  is  produced  mostly  in  Ark.,  Miss.,  and  La.;  yellow  poplar  in  W.  Va,  and  Tenn.;  chestnut  In 
W.  Va.  and  Pa.;  .vellow  pine  in  La.,  Miss.,  Tex.,  N.  C.  Ala.,  and  Ark.;  sycamore  in  Ark.,  Ind.,  and  Tenn.; 
lodgepole  pine  in  Col.  and  Wyo.;  balsam  flr  in  Me.,  Minn.,  and  Mich.;  walnut  In  Mo.  and  Ind.;  sugar  pine 
In  Cal.;  hickory  in  Ark.  and  Tenn.;  cottonwood  in  Miss,  and  Ark.;  white  fir  in  Cal.,  Nev.,  and  Idaho;  ash  In 
Ark.,  Wis..  La.,  and  Tenn.;  basswood  in  Wis.,  Mich.,  and  W.  Va.;  elm  in  Wis.  and  Mich.;  cedar  in  Wash.. 
Ore.,  and  Idaho;  beech  in  Mich..  Pa.,  Ind.,  W.  Va.,  and  N.  Y.;  tupelo  In  La..  Ala.,  and  Va.;  red  wood  solely 
in  Cal.;  larch  in  Mont,  and  Idaho;  birch  in  Wis.  and  Mich.;  cypress  in  La.  and  Fla.;  maple  lu  Mich.,  Wis., 
W.  Va.,  and  N.  Y.;  spruce  in  Me.,  Wash.,  W.  Va.,  Ore..  Vt..  and  N.  H.;  Western  yellow  pine  in  Cal.,  Ore.. 
Idaho,  Wash.,  Mont.,  Ariz.,  and  N.  M.;  white  pine  in  Minn.,  Idaho,  Me.,  Wis.,  N.  H.,  and  Mass.;  hemlock 
la  Wis..  Mich..  AVash..  Pa.,  W.  Va.,  Me.,  and  N.  Y.;  Douglas  flr  in  Wash.,  Ore.,  Cal.,  Nev..  Idaho,  and 
Mout.:  oak  in  W.  Va.,  Ark.,  Tenn.,  Ky.,  Va..  Miss..  N.  C,  Pa.,  and  Ohio. 


MINOR 

SPECIES  OF  LUMBER 

WOOD. 

- 

KIND. 

Feet  Sawed 

KIXD. 

Feet  Sawed 

Kind. 

Feet  Sawed 

KIND. 

Feet  Sawed 

Clieiry 

7,872.000 

Japanese  oak. 

553.000 

Persimmon    . 

123,000 

Holly 

35.000 

Buckeye 

3.161.000 

Eucalyptus. 

500.000 

Alder 

119.000 

Jenisero 

18.000 

Cucumber. . . 

1,900.000 

Butternut.  .  . 

495.000 

Myrtle 

81.090 

Sas.safras .  .  . 

13,000 

Willow 

1,610,000 

Hackberry .  . . 

421.000 

Red  bay 

81.000 

Hornbean .  .  . 

6,000 

Magnolia.. . . 

1,359.000 

Laurel 

300,000 

Jap.  Birch. .  . 

69.000 

MmoenT. . . . 

3,000 

Locust 

712,000 

Pecan 

140,000 

Boxelder.  .  .  . 

64.000 

LUMBER    CUT,   BY    STATES.    1916. 
(.000  omitted.) 


State. 

1916. 
30,081  Mis. 

State. 

1916. 
30,081  Mis. 

State. 

1916. 
30.081  Mis. 

State. 

1916. 
30,081  Mis. 

Total   .... 

Feel  b.  m. 
39.807,251 

Cal .         .    . 

Feet  b.  m. 

1.420.000 

1.335.000 

1.230,000 

1.220.000 

1.220.000 

]  ,000,000 

935,000 

857.000 

849,600 

760.000 

700,000 

525,000 

N.  Y 

N.  H 

Mont 

Ohio 

Ind 

Feet  b.  m. 

400.000 

385.000 

383.900 

280.000 

270.000 

260.000 

240.000 

210.000 

200.000 

93.270 

91,600 

90.237 

Col.    . 

Feet  b.  m. 
77,580 
75  000 

Va 

Ct 

Wash 

La 

4,494,000 
4,200.000 
2,730.000 
2,222,000 
2,100.000 
2,100,000 
1.9 10.000 
1.720.000 
1.600.000 
1.425,000 

Mich 

W.  Va 

Minn 

Ga 

111 

N.  J 

S.  DaU 

la 

60.000 
40  000 

Miss 

29.650 

Ore     

Mo 

20  000 

N.  C T 

Me 

Okla 

Mass 

Vt 

Wyo 

R.  I.. .    . 

18  495 

Tex 

S.  C 

Idaho 

Pa 

18,000 

Ark 

Del 

Utah   

Kan 

12.000 

Ala  

Ariz 

N.  M 

Md 

9.385 

Wis 

Tenn 

Ky 

534 

Fla 

The  total  cut  of  lumber  In  the  U.  S.  in  1915  was  estimated  at  38,003.000,000  board  feet.  It  ranged 
Irom  40  to  46  billion  feet  a  year,  1904  to  1914. 

I.ath3  produced  in  1916  totalled  3,163,029,000  board  feet,  of  which  396,935,000  feet  were  cut  in  Maine, 
and  354,551,000  feet  In  Louisiana. 


Wilson  and  the  War.  641 


WLUHon  autr  tl)e  Wiav. 


A  CHRONOLOGICAL  arrangement  of  the  President's  chief  proclamations,  addresses  to  Congress,  mes- 
sages, si)eeches,  and  other  public  utterances,  together  with  the  various  peace  offers  and  messages,  and 
documents  from  other  sources,  which,  joihed  together,  form  a  summary  view  of  the  great  events  of  the  year 

WHY  THE    RAILROADS   WERE    FEDERALIZED. 

On  taking  over  the  railroads,  Mr.  Wilson,  December  27,  1917,  said,  in  a  statement  to  the  American 
people:  "The  Government  of  the  United  States  is  the  only  great  government  now  engaged  in  the  war 
which  has  not  already  assumed  control  of  this  sort.  It  was  thought  to  be  in  the  spirit  of  American  institu- 
tions to  attempt  to  do  everything  that  was  necessary  through  private  management,  and  if  zeal  and  ability 
and  patriotic  motive  could  have  accomplished  the  necessary  unification  of  administration  it  would  cer- 
tainly have  been  accomplished,  but  no  zeal  or  ability  could  overcome  insuperable  obstacles,  and  I  have 
deemed  it  my  duty  to  recognize  that  fact  in  all  candor  now  that  it  is  demonstrated  and  to  use  without  re- 
serve the  great  authority  reposed  in  me.  A  great  national  necessity  dictated  the  action,  and  I  was  there- 
fore not  at  liberty  to  abstain  from  it/] 

WILSON'S  FOURTEEN    POINTS  OF  PEACE. 

On  January  S,  1918,  President  Wilson,  in  an  address  to  a  joint  session  of  Congress,  named  fourteen 
points  aa  essential  in  a  consideration  of  peace.  His  speech,  in  full,  will  be  found  on  pages  17-18  of  the  1918 
WORLD  Almanac  and  Cyclopedia.    The  fomteen  points  he  stated  as  follows: 

I.  Open  covenants  of  peace,  openly  arrived  at;  after  wliich  there  shall  be  no  private  international 
linderstandings  of  any  kind,  but  diplomacy  shall  proceed  always  frankly  and  in  the  public  view. 

II.  Absolute  freedom  of  navigation  upon  the  seas,  outside  territorial  waters,  alike  in  peace  and  in 
war,  except  as  the  seas  may  be  closed  in  whole  or  in  part  by  international  action  for  the  enforcement  of 
International  covenants. 

III.  The  removaTl,  so  far  as  possible,  of  all  economic  barriers  and  the  establishment  of  an  equality 
of  trade  conditions  among  all  the  nations  consenting  to  the  peace  and  associating  themselves  for  its  main- 

IV.'  Adeauate  guarantees  given  and  taken  that  national  armaments  will  be  reduced  to  the  lowest 
point  consistent  with  domestic  safety. 

V.  A  free,  open-minded,  and  absolutely  impai'tial  adjustment  of  all  colonial  claims,  based  upon  a 
strict  observance  of  the  principle  that  in  determining  all  such  questions  of  sovereignty  the  Interests  of  the 
populations  concerned  must  have  equal  weight  with  the  equitable  claims  of  the  Government  whose  title 
is  to  be  determined. 

VI.  The  evacuation  of  all  Russian  territory,  and  such  a  settlement  of  all  questions  affecting  Russia 
as  will  secure  the  best  and  freest  co-operation  of  the  other  nations  of  the  world  in  obtaining  for  her  an  un- 
hampered and  unembarrassed  opportunity  for  the  independent  determination  of  her  own  political  develop- 
ment and  national  policy,  and  assure  her  of  a  sincere  welcome  into  the  society  of  free  nations  under  institu- 
tions of  her  own  choosing;  and,  more  than  a  welcome,  assistance  also  of  every  kind  that  she  may  need  and 
may  herself  desire.  The  treatment  accorded  Russia  by  her  sister  nations  in  the  months  to  come  will  be 
the  acid  test  of  their  good  will,  of  their  comprehension  of  her  needs  as  distinguished  from  their  own  interests, 
and  of  their  intelligent  and  unselfish  sympathy. 

VII.  Belgium,  the  whole  world  will  agree,  must  be  evacuated  and  restored  without  any  attempt  to 
limit  the  sovereignty  which  she  enjoys  in  common  with  all  other  free  nations.  No  other  single  act  will  serve 
as  this  will  serve  to  restore  confidence  among  the  nations  in  the  laws  which  they  have  themselves  set  and 
determined  for  the  government  of  their  relations  with  one  another.  Without  this  healing  act  the  whole 
structure  and  validity  of  international  law  is  forever  impaired. 

VIII.  All  French  territory  should  be  freed  and  the  invaded  portions  restored;  and  the  wrong  done  to 
France  by  Prussia  in  1871  in  the  matter  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  which  has  unsettled  the  peace  of  the  world  for 
nearly  fifty  years,  should  be  righted,  in  order  that  peace  may  once  more  be  made  secm'e  in  the  interest  of  all. 

IX.  A  readjustment  of  the  frontiers  of  Italy  should  be  effected  along  clearly  recognizable  lines  of 
nationality. 

X.  The  peoples  of  Austria-Hungary,  whose  place  among  the  nations  we  wish  to  see  safeguarded  and 
assured,  should  be  accorded  the  freest  opportunity  of  autonomous  development. 

XI.  Roumania,  Serbia  and  Montenegro  should  be  evacuated;  occupied  territories  restored;  Serbia 
accorded  tree  and  secure  access  to  the  sea,  and  the  relations  of  the  several  Balkan  states  to  one  another 
determined  by  friendly  counsel  along  historically  established  lines  of  allegiance  and  nationality;  and  in- 
ternational guarantees  of  the  political  and  economic  independence  and  territorial  integrity  of  the  several 
Balkan  states  should  be  entered  into. 

XII.  The  Turkish  portions  of  the  present  Ottoman  Empire  .sliould  be  assured  a  secure  sovereignty, 
but  the  other  nationalities  which  are  now  under  Turkish  rule  should  be  assured  an  undoubted  security  of 
life  and  an  absolutely  unmolested  opportunity  of  autonomous  development,  and  the  Dardanelles  should 
be  permanently  opened  as  a  free  passage  to  the  ships  and  commerce  of  all  nations  imder  international 
guarantees. 

XIII.  An  independent  Polish  state  should  be  erected  which  should  include  the  territories  inhabited 
by  indisputably  Polish  populations,  which  should  be  assured  a  free  and  secure  access  to  the  sea,  and  whose 
political  and  economic  independence  and  territorial  integrity  should  be  guaranteed  by  international  cov- 
enant. 

XIV.  A  general  association  of  nations  must  be  formed,  under  specific  covenants,  for  the  purpose  of 
affording  mutual  guarantees  of  political  independence  and  territorial  integrity  to  great  and  small  states 
alike 

Mr.  Wilson's  declaration  of  fourteen  peace  points  was  made  a  day  after  the  British  Prime  Minister, 
David  Lloyd  George,  had  stated  in  a  public  address  to  the  trades  unions  what  his  country  considered  a  basis 
for  peace  discussion. 

PREMIER   GEORGE'S   DECLARATION. 

"We  are  not  fighting  a  war  of  aggression  against  the  German  people.  Their  leaders  have  persuaded 
them  that  they  are  fighting  a  war  of  self-defense  against  a  league  of  rival  nations  bent  on  the  destruction  of 
Germany.  The  destruction  or  disruption  of  Germany  has  never  been  a  war  aim  with  us.  Most  reluctantly 
and  quite  unprepared  we  were  forced  to  join  in  their  war  in  self-defense,  in  defense  of  violated  law  in  Europe. 
The  British  people  have  never  aimed  at  the  breaking  up  of  the  German  peoples  or  the  disintegration  of  their 
State.  Our  wish  is  not  to  destroy  Germany's  great  position  in  the  world,  but  to  turn  her  aside  from  schemes 
of  military  domination  to  devote  her  strength  to  the  beneficent  task  of  tlie  world.  We  are  not  fighting  to .  - 
destroy  Austria-Hungary  or  to  deprive  Turkey  of  its  capital  or  the  rich  lands  of  Asia  Minor  and  Thrace, 
which  are  predominantly  Turkish.  We  ar6  not  fighting  to  destroy  the  German  constitution,  although  we 
consider  a  military,  autocratic  constitution  a  dangerous  anachronism.  Our  viewpoint  is  that  the  adoption 
of  a  democratic  constitution  by  Germany  would  be  the  most  convincing  evidence  that  her  old  spirit  of  mili- 
tary domination  had  indeed  died  in  this  war,  and  it  would  make  it  much  easier  for  us  to  conclude  a  broad, 
democratic  peace  v/ith  her.    But  that  is  a  question  for  the  German  people  to  decide. 


642  Germany*s  Answer  to  Wilson's  H  Points. 


PREMIER  GEORGE'S  DECLARATION— Co?i«i?iued. 


"It  is  more  ttan  a  year  since  the  President  of  the  United  States  advised  the  belligerents  by  suggestion 
that  each  aide  should  state  clearly  the  aims  for  which  they  were  lighting.  We  repUed.  The  Central  Powers 
did  not,  and  they  have  maintained  complete  silence  as  to  the  objects  for  which  they  are  fighting.  Even 
on  so  crucial  a  matter  as  their  intention  regarding  Belgium  they  have  declined  to  give  any  trustworthy  in- 
dication. The  days  of  the  Treaty  of  Vienna  are  long  past.  We  can  no  longer  submit  the  luture  of  European 
civilisation  to  the  arbitrary  decisions  of  a  few  negotiators  striving  to  secure  by  chicanery  or  persuasion  the 
interests  of  this  or  that  dynasty  or  nation.  Therefore,  government  with  the  consent  of  the  governed  must 
be  the  basis  of  any  territorial  settlement.  For  that  reason  also,  unless  treaties  be  upheld,  it  is  obvious  that 
no  treaty  of  peace  can  be  worth  the  paper  on  which  it  is  written. 

"The  first  requirements  always  made  by  the  British  and  their  allies  have  been  the  complete  restora- 
tion, political,  territorial  and  economic,  of  the  independence  of  Belgium,  and  such  reparation  as  can  be  made 
for  the  devastation  of  its  towns  and  provinces.  It  is  no  demand  lor  war  indemnity,  but  insistence  that 
before  there  can  be  any  hope  of  stable  peace  this  great  breach  of  public  law  in  Europe  must  be  repudiated 
and,  so  far  as  Is  possible,  repaired.  Reparation  means  recognition.  Unless  International  right  is  recog- 
nized by  insistence  on  payment  for  injury  done  in  defiance  of  its  canons,  it  can  never  be  a  reality.  Next 
comes  the  restoration  of  Serbia,  Montenegro  and  the  occupied  parts  of  France,  Italy  and  Roumania.  The 
complete  withdrawal  of  alien  armies  and  reparation  for  injustice  done  is  the  fundamental  condition  of  a 
permanent  peace. 

"We  mean  to  stand  by  the  French  democracy  to  the  death  in  the  demand  they  make  for  a  reconsidera- 
tion of  the  great  wrong  of  '71,  when  Alsace-Lorraine  was  torn  away.  Tliis  sore  has  poteoned  the  peace  of 
Europe  for  half  a  century,  and  until  cured  healthy  conditions  cannot  be  restored.  Nobody  who  knows  Prus- 
sia and  her  designs  toward  Russia  can  doubt  her  ultimate  intention.  Whatever  phraaes  she  uses  to  delude 
Russia,  she  does  not  mean  to  surrender  any  of  the  Russian  provinces  and  cities  now  occupied.  Under  one 
name  or  another  they  will  henceforth  be  part  of  the  Prussian  dominions,  ruled  by  the  Prussian  sword,  and 
the  rest  of  the  Russians  will  be  enticed  or  bullied  into  complete  economic  and  ultimate  political  enslavement. 

TO  STAND  BY  ALLIES. 

"Democracy  in  this  country  will  stand  to  the  last  by  the  democracies  of  France  and  Italy.  We  should 
be  proud  to  fight  to  the  end  side  by  side  with  the  new  Russian  democracy.  So  would  America,  France  and 
Italy.  But  If  the  present  rulers  of  Russia  act  independently  we  have  no  means  to  arrest  the  catastrophe. 
Russia  can  only  be  saved  by  her  own  people.  An  Independent  Poland,  comprising  all  genuinely  Polish  ele- 
ments who  desire  to  participate,  is  an  urgent  necessity  for  the  stability  of  Western  Europe. 

"Though  we  agree  with  President  Wilson  that  the  breaking  up  of  Austria-Hungary  Is  no  part  of  our 
war  aims,  we  feel  that  unless  genuine  self-government  on  true  democratic  principles  Is  granted  those  Aus- 
tro-Hungarlan  nationalities  who  have  long  desired  it,  it  is  Impossible  to  hope  for  the  removal  of  those  causes 
of  unrest  In  that  part  of  Eui'ope  which  have  so  long  threatened  its  general  peace.  On  the  same  grounds 
we  regard  as  vital  the  legitimate  claims  of  the  Italians  for  union  with  those  of  their  own  race  and  tongue. 
We  also  mean  to  press  that  justice  be  done  to  the  men  of  Roumanian  blood  and  speech  in  their  legitimate 
aspirations.  If  these  conditions  were  fulfilled  Austria-Hungary  would  become  a  power  whose  strength  would 
conduce  to  the  permanent  peace  and  freedom  of  Europe  instead  of  the  instrument  of  a  pOTnlclous  Prussian 
military  autocracy.    Outside  of  Em-ope  we  believe  that  the  same  principles  .^ould  be  applied. 

FUTURE  OF  TURKEY. 

"While  we  do  not  challenge  the  maintenance  of  the  Turkish  Empire  in  the  homelands  of  the  Turkish 
race,  with  its  capital  Constantinople — the  passage  between  the  Mediterrane.in  and  Black  Sea  being  inter- 
nationalized and  neutralized — Arabia,  Armenia,  Mesopotamia,  Syria  and  Palestine  are,  in  our  judgment, 
entitled  to  recognition  of  their  separate  national  conditions.  What  the  exact  form  of  that  recognition 
should  be  need  not  here  be  discussed,  beyond  stating  that  It  will  be  impossible  to  restore  to  their  former 
sovereignty  the  territories  to  which  I  have  referred.  Much  has  been  said  about  the  arrangements  we  have 
made  with  our  allies  on  this  and  other  subjects.  I  can  only  say  that  as  new  circumstances,  such  as  the  Rus- 
sian collapse  and  the  separate  Russian  negotiations,  have  changed  the  conditions  in  which  the  arrangements 
were  made,  we  are  always  ready  to  discuss  them  with  our  allies. 

"Respecting  the  German  colonies,  they  are  held  at  the  disposal  of  a  conference  whoee  decision  must 
have  primary  regard  to  the  wishes  and  interests  of  their  native  inhabitants.  The  governing  consideration 
in  all  these  cases  must  be  that  the  Inhabitants  shall  be  placed  under  control  of  an  administration  acceptable 
to  themselves,  one  of  whose  main  purposes  will  be  to  prevent  their  exploitation  tor  the  benefit  of  Eiu^opean 
capitalists  or  governments.  Finally,  there  must  be  reparation  for  injuries  done  in  violation  of  international 
law.  The  peace  conference  must  not  forget  our  seamen  and  the  services  they  have  reJidered  and  the  out- 
rages they  have  suffered.  To  secure  the  conditions  I  have  enumerated,  the  British  Empire  la  prepared  to 
make  even  greater  sacrifices." 


GERMANY'S   ANSWER    TO   WILSON'S   14   POINTS. 

To  these  declarations  by  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  replies  were  made  on  Thursday,  Janu- 
ary 24,  by  the  German  Chancellor,  Count  von  Hertling,  and  by  the  Au-stro-Hungarlan  Minister  for  For- 
eign Affairs,  Count  Czemln,  the  former  in  the  main  committee  of  the  Reichstag,  at  Berlin;  the  latter  at 
Vienna. 

Count  Hertling  said:  "Gentlemen,  when  last  I  had  the  honor  to  speak  before  your  committee — that 
was'on  January  3 — we  were  laced  by  an  incident  which  had  occiured  at  Brest-Lltovsk.  At  that  time  I  ex- 
pressed the  opinion  that  we  should  await  the  settlement  of  this  Incident  in  all  equanimity.  The  facts  have 
corresponded  with  this  expectation.  The  Russian  delegation  have  again  arrived  ftt  Brast-Lltovsk,  and 
negotiations  have  been  resumed  and  continued.  The  negotiations  are  progressing  slowly.  They  are  exceed- 
ingly difficult.  I  have  already  referred,  on  a  previous  occasion,  to  the  exact  clrsumstances  from  which  these 
difficulties  arise.  Indeed,  many  times  there  were  reasons  to  doubt  whether  llie  Ru.ssiaii  delegation  were  In 
earnest  with  their  peace  negotiations,  and  all  sorts  of  wireless  messages,  wliich  are  going  around  the  world 
with  remarkably  strange  contents,  tended  to  strengthen  this  doubt.  Nevertheless  I  liold  firmly  to  the  hope 
that  we  shall  come  to  a  favorable  conclusion  In  the  near  future  with  the  Russian  delegation  at  Brest-Llt- 
ovsk.  Our  negotiations  with  the  representatives  of  Ukralnia  stand  favorably.  Here  also  there  still  are  some 
difficulties  to  be  overcome;  but  the  prospects,  as  I  regard  them,  are  favorable.  We  hope  in  the  near  future 
to  arrive  at  a  settlement  with  Ukralnia  which  will  be  to  the  interest  of  both  sides,  and  which  should  also  be 
advantageous  as  far  as  their  economic  aspect  is  concerned. 

SEPARATE  PEACE  WITH  RUSSIA. 

"One  result,  gentlemen,  could  already  be  recorded  on  January  4,  at  10  o'clock  in  the  evening.  As  you 
all  know,  the  Russian  delegation,  at  the  end  of  December,  made  the  proposal  to  send  an  invitation  to  all 
the  participators  fn  the  war  asking  them  to  take  part  in  the  negotiations.  As  a  basis  for  this  the  Russian 
delegation  submitted  certain  proposals  of  a  very  general  character.  We  at  the  time  agreed  to  the  proposal 
lor  inviting  participators  in  the  war  to  the  negotiations,  with  the  condition,  however,  that  this  invitation 
should  be  limited  to  a  clearly  defined  period.    On  January  4,  at  10  o'clock  in  the  evening,  this  period  expired. 


Gernmny*s  Answer  to  Wilson's  IJf  Points— Continued.        643 


No  answer  had  been  received.  The  r^ult  U  that  we  are  bound  no  longer  in  any  way  so  far  as  the  Entente  is 
Concerned,  that  we  have  a  clear  road  In  front  of  us  for  separate  negotiations  with  Russia,  and  also  that. 
Obviously,  we  are  no  longer  bound  in  any  way,  as  far  as  the  Entente  is  concerned,  to  the  proposals  for  a 
general  peace  which  have  been  submitted  by  the  Russian  delegation.  Instead  of  the  then  anticipated  reply 
Which  failed  to  come,  two  announcements  have,  as  we  all  know,  been  made  In  the  meantime  by  enemy 
statesmen — the  speech  by  the  English  Minister,  Mr.  Lloyd  George,  of  January  5,  and  the  message  of  Presi- 
flent  Wilson  of  the  day  after.  I  freely  admit  that  Mr.  Lloyd  George  has  changed  his  tone.  He  no  longer 
uses  abuse,  and  thus  appears  to  wish  again  to  establish  his  claim  to  negotiating  abilities  of  which  I  pre- 
viously despaired. 

"All  the  same,  I  cannot  go  as  far  as  the  many  opinions  from  neutral  countries  which  claim  to  read  in 
the  speech  of  Mr.  Lloyd  George  a  sincere  desire  for  peace,  and  even  a  friendly  spirit.  It  is  true  that  he  de- 
Clares  that  he  does  not  wish  to  destroy  Germany,  and  that  he  has  never  wanted  to  destroy  her.  He  even 
finds  expressions  of  respect  for  our  economic,  political,  and  cultural  position,  but  among  them  there  is 
no  lack  of  other  utterances,  and  between  the  lines  there  is  always  present  that  It  is  his  duty  to  sit  In  Judgment 
on  guilty  Germany  for  all  sorts  of  crimes.  This  Is  a  spirit,  gentlemen,  with  which,  naturally,  we  can  have 
nothing  to  do,  and  in  which  as  yet  we  can  obsei've  no  trace  of  a  sincere  desire  for  peace.  We  are  supposed 
to  be  culprits  over  whom  tlie  Entente  ig  now  sitting  in  judgment.  That  forces  me  to  pass  in  review  the  con- 
ditions and  incidents  which  preceded  the  war,  even  at  the  risk  of  once  again  repeating  what  has  long  since 
been  known.  The  establishment  of  the  German  Empire  in  the  year  1871  put  an  end  to  the  old  state  of  dis- 
memberment. By  uniting  Its  peoples  the  German  Empire,  in  short,  attained  that  position  wlilch  corresponded 
with  its  economic  and  cultural  achievements,  and  the  claims  founded  thereon.  Prince  Bismarck  crowned 
bis  life's  work  by  the  alliance  with  Austria. 

GERMAN  POLICY  OF  PEACE. 
^"It  was  a  purely  defensive  alliance,  and  was  from  the  very  first  day  regarded  and  desired  as  such  by 
the  high  contracting  parties.  In  the  course  of  decades  never  has  the  slightest  thought  of  its  misuse  for  ag- 
gressive purposes  cropped  up.  The  defensive  alliance  between  Germany  and  the  closely  allied  Danube 
monarchy,  united  with  us  by  the  tradition  of  centui'ies  and  common  interests,  should  especially  serve  to  main- 
tain peace.  But  Prince  Bismarck  was  often  reproached  with  being  haunted  by  the  nightmare  of  coalitlojs, 
and  the  events  of  the  times  that  followed  have  shown  that  it  was  not  a  mere  terrifying  phantom.  The 
danger  of  enemy  coalitions  which  threatened  the  alUed  Central  Powers  often  made  an  appearance.  The 
dream  of  coalitions  became  a  reality,  owing  to  the  hemmlng-ln  policy  of  King  Edward.  The  German  Em- 
pire, struggling  upward  and  increasing  In  strength,  stood  in  the  way  of  English  imperialism.  This  British 
imperialism  only  too  readily  found  support  in  the  French  longing  for  revenge  and  In  the  Russian  struggle 
for  expansion.  And  so  plans  for  the  future  developed  which  were  dangerous  to  us.  Germany  has  always 
been  faced  with  the  danger  of  war  on  two  fronts,  owing  to  her  geographical  position.  It  now  became  more 
and  more  visible.  An  alliance  was  concluded  between  Russia  and  France,  whose  inhabitants  were  more 
than  double  those  of  the  German  Empire  and  Austria-Hungary. 

ARMING  IN  ALLEGED  SELF-DEFENSE. 

"France — Republican  France — lent  to  Czaristic  Russia  milliards  for  the  construction  of  strategic 
railways  in  the  Kingdom  of  Poland,  which  were  to  facilitate  an  advance  against  us.'  The  French  Republic 
called  up  its  last  man  for  throe  years'  military  service.  Thus  France,  together  with  Russia,  created  for 
herself  an  armed  force  up  to  the  limits  of  her  capacity.  Both  pursued  aims  which  our  enemies  now  char- 
acterize as  Imperialistic.  It  would  have  been  neglect  of  duty  if  Germany  had  merely  looked  on  quietly, 
and  if  we  also  had  not  attempted  to  create  for  ourselves  an  armament  with  the  object  of  protecting  ourselves 
against  future  enemies.  I  may  perhaps  remind  you  of  the  fact  that  I,  myself,  as  a  member  of  the  Reichs- 
tag, have  often  spoken  about  these  things,  and  that  on  the  occasion  of  new  army  budgets  I  have  always 
pomted  out  that  the  German  nation,  in  agreeing  to  those  armaments,  merely  wished  to  pursue  a  policy  of 
peace,  and  that  those  armaments  were  forced  upon  us  for  defense  against  the  danger  threatening  us  from  our 
enemies,    it  does  not  seem  as  if  these  words  were  in  any  way  heeded  by  foreign  countries. 

"And  now  as  to  Alsace-Lorraine — Alsace-Lorraine,  which  is  once  again  referred  to  by  Mr.  Lloyd  George. 
Once  again  he  speaks  of  the  injustice  which  Germany  committed  against  France  in  the  year  1871.  Alsace- 
LoiTaine — I  do  not  say  this  to  you;  you  do  not  need  this  information;  but  abroad  there  still  seems  to  be 
ignorance  about  these  things — Alsace-Lorraine,  as  Is  known,  includes  for  the  greater  part  purely  German 
territory  which  was  detached  from  the  German  Empire  by  centuries  of  continuous  violations  and  breaches 
of  right  until  finally,  in  1789,  the  French  Revolution  swallowed  up  what  was  left.  At  that  time  they  became 
French  provinces. 

"When,  therefore.  In  the  war  of  1870  we  demanded  back  the  regions  which  had  been  wantonly  wrested 
from  us,  that  was  not  conquest  of  foreign  territory  but  was  in  reality  what  to-day  Is  called  dis-annexation, 
and  this  dis-annexation  was  expressly  recognized  by  the  French  National  Assembly  and  the  constitutional 
representatives  of  the  French  nation  at  that  time,  March  29,  1871;  and  in  England,  gentlemen,  people  at 
that  time  spoke  very  differently  from  what  they  do  to-day.  I  can  refer  to  a  classical  witness.  He  is  no 
other  than  the  celebrated  English  historian  and  author,  Thomas  Carlyle,  who  In  a  letter  to  the  Times,  In 
December,  1870,  wrote  as  follows: 

"  'No  nation  ever  had  such  a  bad  neighbor  as  Germany  has  possessed  In  Prance  during  the  last  400  years. 
Germany  would  be  mad  if  she  did  not  think  of  erecting  a  frontier  wall  between  herself  and  such  a  neighbor — 
[I  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that  for  my  part  I  am  not  repeating  the  very  sharp  terms  which  Carlyle  used 
against  France  in  this  connection] — and  if  she  does  not  erect  for  herself  such  a  frontier  wall  when  she  has  the 
opportunity  to  do  so,  I  know  of  no  natural  law  and  of  no  Heaven-sent  decree  on  the  strength  of  which 
France,  alone  among  the  dwellers  of  the  earth,  should  not  be  obliged  to  return  a  portion  of  stolen  territories 
when  the  owners  from  whom  they  were  wrested  had  a  favorable  opportunity  to  get  them  back.'  And  prom- 
inent English  pre^s  organs  expressed  themselves  In  the  same  sense.  I  may  mention,  for  instance,  the  DaUy 
News. 

"And  now,  gentlemen,  I  come  to  President  Wilson.  Here  also  I  admit  that  the  tone  has  changed.  It 
appears  that  the  unanimous  rejection  at  the  time  of  the  attempt  of  Mr.  Wilson,  in  the  reply  to  the  Papal 
note,  to  sow  discord  between  the  German  Government  and  the  German  nation  has  done  its  work.  It  was 
possibly  this  unanimous  rejection  which  led  Mr.  Wilson  on  to  the  right  road,  and  perhaps  a  beginning  has 
been  made  because  now  there  is,  at  least,  no  longer  any  question  of  the  suppression  of  the  German  nation 
by  an  autocratic  Government,  and  the  former  attacks  against  the  House  of  HohenzoUern  are  not  repeated. 
I  win  not  go  Into  the  distorted  representations  of  German  policy  which  are  even  yet  to  be  found  in  Mr. 
Wilson's  message,  but  I  will  discuss  in  detail  the  points  which  Mr.  Wilson  brings  forward.  There  are  no  fewer 
than  fourteen  points  In  which  he  formulates  his  peace  programme,  and  I  beg  you  to  have  patience  if  I  bring 
forward  these  fourteen  points  for  discussion,  as  briefly  as  possible." 

The  Chancellor  then  dealt  seriatim  with  the  fourteen  points: 

(I.)  "History  records  that  we  were  the  first  to  be  able  to  declare  ourselves  in  agreement  with  the  most 
extensive  publicity  of  diplomatic  agreements.  I  remind  you  of  the  fact  that  our  defensive  alUance  with 
Austria-Hungary  has  been  known  to  all  the  world  since  the  year  1889,  while  the  offensive  agreements  of  our 
enemies  have  had  to  be  disclosed  dm-ing  the  course  of  this  war,  chiefly  by  the  publication  of  the  Russian 
secret  documents.    The  full  publicity  also  given  to  the  negotiations  at  Brest-Litovsk  proves  that  we  were 


644  Germany's  Answer  to  Wilson's  H  Points — Continued. 

in  a  position  readily  to  consent  to  this  proposal,  and  to  declare  tie  publication  of  negotiations  as  a  general 
political  pilnciple. 

(il.)  "Complete  freedom  of  navigation  on  tlie  seas  in  war  and  peace  is  also  put  forward  by  Germany 
as  one  of  the  first  and  most  important  demands  for  the  future.  Here,  tlieretore,  there  is  no  difference  of 
opinion  whatever.  The  restriction  mentioned  by  Mr.  Wilson  toward  the  end  is  incomprehensible  .and  seems 
superfluous.  It  should  therefore  be  suppressed.  It  would,  however,  be  important  in  a  high  degree  for  the 
future  freedom  of  the  seas  if  claims  to  strongly  fortified  naval  bases  on  important  international  ,?liipping 
routes,  such  as  England  maintains  at  Gibraltar,  Malta,  Hongkong,  on  the  Falkland  Islands,  and  at 
many  other  points  were  renounced. 

(III.)  "With  this  we  wholly  agree.  We  also  conaemn  an  economic  war,  which  would  inevitably  bring 
with  it  causes  for  future  warUke  complications. 

(IV.)  "As  has  already  been  declared  by  us  on  a  previous  occasion,  the  subject  of  the  limitation  of 
armaments  is  a  matter  quite  suitable  for  discussion.  The  financial  situation  of  all  the  European  states  after 
war  should  further  its  satisfactory  solution  in  a  most  eflective  manner.  It  will  be  seen  tliat  as  to  the  lirst 
fom'  points  of  the  programme  agreement  could  be  reached  without  diflftculty. 

(V.)  "The  practical  carrying  out  of  the  principle  laid  down  by  iNIr.  Wilson  will  in  this  world  of  reali- 
ties meet  with  some  difflculties.  In  any  ease,  I  believe  that  for  the  time  being  it  may  be  left  to  the  greatest 
colonial  empire — England — to  determine  as  to  how  she  will  come  to  terms  with  her  ally  regarding  tiiis  pro- 
posal. We  shall  have  to  talk  about  this  point  of  the  programme  at  the  time  of  the  reconstruction  of  the 
colonial  possessions  of  the  world,  which  has  also  been  demanded  unconditionally  by  us. 

(VI.)  "The  Entente  states  having  refused  to  join  in  the  negotiations  within  tho  period  agreed  upon 
by  Russia  and  the  four  allied  powers,  I  must  decline,  in  the  name  of  the  latter,  any  subsequent  interference. 
The  question  here  involved  is  one  which  alone  concerns  Russia  and  the  four  alli^  powers.  I  cherish  the 
hope  tliat,  under  tho  conditions  of  the  recognition  of  the  right  of  self-determination  for  the  nations  within  the 
western  boundaries  of  the  former  Russian  Empire  it  will  be  possible  to  be  on  good  relations  with  these  nations 
as  well  as  with  the  rest  of  Russia,  for  whom  we  urgently  wish  a  retm-n  of  guarantees  which  will  secure  a  peace- 
ful order  of  things  and  the  welfare  of  the  country. 

(VII.)  "As  far  as  the  Belgian  question  is  concerned,  it  has  been  declared  repeatedly  by  my  predeces- 
sors in  office  that  at  no  time  diu-ing  the  war  has  the  forcible  annexation  of  Belgium  by  the  Germaii  Empire 
formed  a  point  in  the  programme  of  German  politics.  The  Belgian  que.ition  belongs  to  a  complicity  of 
questions  the  details  of  which  will  have  to  be  regulated  during  the  peace  negotiations.  As  long  as  our 
enemies  do  not  unreservedly  adopt  the  attitude  that  the  integrity  of  the  territory  of  the  Allies  oifers  the 
only  possible  foundation  for  peace  negotiations  I  must  adhere  to  the  standpoint  which,  up  to  the  present, 
has  always  been  taken,  and  must  decline  any  discussion  of  the  Belgian  question  until  the  general  discus- 
sion takes  place. 

(VIII.)  "The  occupied  parts  of  France  are  a  valuable  pawn  in  our  hands.  Here  also  forcible  annexa- 
tion forms  no  part  of  the  official  German  policy.  The  conditions  and  modalities  of  the  evacuation,  which 
must  take  into  consideration  the  vital  interests  of  Germany,  must  be  agreed  between  Germany  and  France. 
I  can  only  once  again  expressly  empliasize  that  there  can  never  be  any  question  of  the  separation  of  the 
imperial  provinces.  We  will  never  permit  ourselves  to  be  robbed  of  Alsr.ce-Lorraine  by  our  enemir-:  under 
the  pretext  of  any  fine  phrases — of  Alsace-I^orraine  which,  in  the  mean  time,  has  become  more  and  more 
closely  allied  internally  with  German  lite,  which  is  developing  more  and  more  economically  in  a  higlUy  satis- 
factory manner,  and  where  more  than  87  per  cent,  of  the  people  speak  the  German  mother  tongue. 

(IX.),  ex.),  (XI.)  "As  regards  the  questions  dealt  with  by  President  Wilson  under  the.se  clauses, 
namely,  the  frontier  question,  the  future  development  of  the  Austro-Himgariau  monarchy  and  the  future  of 
the  Balkan  states,  they  embrace  questions  of  paramount  Importance  to  the  political  interests  of  our  ally 
Austria-Hungary.  Where  German  Interests  are  concerned  we  will  guai-d  them  to  the  utmost,  but  tv.e  reply 
to  President  Wilson's  proposals  in  connection  with  these  points  I  would  prefer  to  leave  in  the  first  instance 
to  the  Foreign  Minister  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy.  A  close  connection  with  the  allied  Danube 
monarchy  Is  the  vital  point  of  our  policy  t^-day  and  must  be  a  guiding  line  for  the  futiu-e.  The  faithful 
comradeship  in  arms  which  has  proved  itself  so  brilliantly  dming  the  war  must  continue  to  have  its  eHect 
also  In  peace,  and  we  on  our  part  will  bring  everything  to  bear  in  order  to  bring  about  for  Austria-Hungary 
a  peace  which  takes  into  account  her  justified  claims. 

(XII.)  "Also  in  connection  with  the  affair  mentioned  by  President  Wilson  under  point  twelve,  which 
concerns  our  brave  and  powerful  ally  Turkey,  I  would  like  in  no  way  to  forestall  the  attitude  of  i'urkish 
statesmen.  The  integrity  of  Turkey  and  the  security  of  her  capital,  wlilch  is  closely  connected  with  the  ques- 
tions of  the  straits,  are  important  and  vital  interests  also  of  tlie  German  Empire.  Our  ally  can  in  this  re- 
spect rely  on  our  most  explicit  assistance. 

(XIII.)  "It  was  not  the  Entente — who  found  nothing  but  meaningless  words  for  Poland,  and  before 
the  war  never  mediated  on  her  behalf  with  Russia — but  the  German  Empire  and  Austria-Hungary  who 
freed  Poland  from  the  Czaristlc  regime  wliich  v/as  oppressing  her  national  individuality.  Therefore,  it  must 
be  left  to  Germany  and  Austria-Hungai'y  and  Poland  to  come  to  an  agreement  about  the  future  organization 
of  that  counti-y.  We  are,  as  has  been  proved  by  the  negotiations  and  declarations  of  the  last  year,  well 
under  way  with  the  task.  .    . 

(XIV.)  "As  regards  point  fourteen  I  am  sympathetic,  as  is  shown  by  my  previous  political  activity 
toward  any  thought  which  for  the  future  excludes  all  possibility  and  probability  of  war.s  and  tends  to  pro- 
mote a  peace  and  harmonious  co-operation  between  the  nations.  If  the  conception  of  the  League  of  Na- 
tions mentioned  by  President  Wilson  demonstrates,  under  further  development,  and  after  trial,  that  it  really 
was  conceived  In  a  spirit  of  complete  justice  to  all  and  with  complete  freedom  from  prejudice,  the  Imperial 
Government  will  be  gladly  prepared — after  all  the  other  quewcions  in  suspense  have  been  settled — to  in- 
vestigate the  principles  of  such  a  national  union. 

"Gentlemen,  you  are  conversant  with  the  speeches  of  Mr.  Lloyd  George  and  the  proposals  of  President 
Wilson.  I  must  repeat  what  I  said  at  the  beginning.  We  must  now  ask  ourselves  whether  out  of  those 
speeches  and  proposals  a  really  earnest  and  honest  desire  for  peace  appears  before  us.  They  contaan  certain 
principles  for  a  general  world  peace  which  we  also  admit,  and  could  form  points  of  departure  and  aims  for 
negotiation.  Where,  however,  concrete  questions  are  concerned — points  which  are  of  decisive  importance 
to  us  and  to  our  allies — tlierc  the  wish  for  peace  is  less  perceptible.  Our  enemies  do  not  wish  to  '.iestroy 
Germany;  but  they  cast  furtive  and  covetous  glances  toward  parts  of  our  lands  and  those  of  our  allies. 
They  speak  with  respect  of  Germany's  position:  but  the  idea  that  we  are  culprits  who  must  do  penance 
and  promise  reformation  repeatedly  makes  itself  apparent.  Tills  is  the  usual  tone  of  the  victor  to  tlie  van- 
quished. This  also  is  the  tone  of  the  man  who  points  to  all  otir  former  statements  of  willingness  for  peace 
as  mere  signs  of  weakness. 

"From  this  standpoint,  from  this  deception,  the  leaders  of  the  Entente  wlU  first  have  to  free  them- 
selves. In  order  to  make  this  easier  for  them  I  would  like  to  remind  them  exactly  how  the  situation  really 
stands.  May  they  believe  me  when  I  stato  that  our  military  situation  was  never  more  favorable  than  it 
is  now.  Our  highly  gifted  army  leaders  face  the  future  with  undiminished  confidence  in  victory.  Through- 
out the  whole  army,  in  the  officers  and  in  the  men,  lives  the  unbroken  joy  of  battle.  I  remind  you  or  the 
words  which  I  spoke  on  November  29  in  the  House.  Our  repeatedly  expressed  willingness  for  peace  and  the 
spirit  of  reconciliation  which  was  revealed  by  our  proposals  must  not  be  regarded  by  the  Entente  as  a  license 
permitting  an  indefinite  lengthening  of  the  war.  Should  our  enemies  force  us  to  prolong  the  war,  they  will 
have  to  bear  the  consequences  resulting  therefrom.    If  the  leaders  of  the  enemy  powers  are  really  mclmea 


Austria's  Answer  to  the  United  States.  645 


GERMANY'S  ANSWER  TO  WILSON'S  14  POINTS— Continued. 

toward  peace,  let  them  revise  tlieir  programme  once  again,  or.  as  Mr.  Lloyd  George  said,  introduce  another 
ron^ideiation. 

"II  they  do  that  and  come  forward  with  fresh  proposals,  then  we  will  examine  them  carefully,  because 
our  aim  ia  no  other  than  the  re-establishment  of  a  lasting  general  peace.  But  this  lasting  general  peace  la 
not  possible  so  long  as  the  integrity  of  the  German  Empire,  the  security  of  her  vital  interests  and  the  dig- 
nity of  our  Fatherland  are  not  guaranteed.  Until  that  time  we  must  quietly  stand  by  each  other  and  wait. 
As  to  the  purpose,  gentlemen,  we  are  all  one.  Regarding  the  methods  and  the  modalities,  there  may  be  dif- 
ferenogs  of  opinion.  But  let  us  shelve  all  those  differences.  Let  us  not  fight  about,  formulas  which  always 
lall  short  in  the  mad  course  of  the  world  events,  but,  above  dividing  party  controversies,  let  us  keep  our 
eyes  on  the  one  mutual  aim,  the  welfare  of  the  Fatherland.  Let  us  hold  together,  the  government  and  the 
nation,  and  victory  will  be  ours.  ^  A  good  peace  will  and  must  come. 

"The  German  nation  bears  in  an  admirable  manner  the  suffering  and  the  burdens  of  the  war,  which  ia 
now  in  its  fourth  year.  In  connection  with  these  burdens  and  sufferings  I  think  especially  of  the  sufferinga 
of  the  small  artisans  and  the  lowly  paid  officials,  but  you  all,  men  and  women,  will  hold  on  and  see  It  throogh. 
With  your  political  knowledge  you  do  not  allow  yourselves  to  be  fooled  by  catch-phrases.  You  know  how 
to  distinguish  between  the  realities  of  life  and  the  promising  dreams.  Such  a  nation  cannot  go  under.  God 
Is  With  us,  and  will  be  with  us  also  in  the  future." 


AUSTRIA'S   ANSWER   TO   THE    UNITED   STATES. 

Count  Czernin's  reply  to  President  Wilson's  proposals  was  made  in  the  Austrian  Parliament  during 
Ills  report  on  the  progress  of  peace  negotiations  with  the  peoples  of  Russia.  As  to  the  American  conditions, 
he  said:  "Once  we  have  reached  peace  with  Russia,  a  general  peace  cannot  long  be  prevented,  in  my  opin- 
ion, despite  all  the  efforts  of  Entente  statesmen.  We  have  heard  that  it  was  not  understood  in  places  why  I 
fleclared  in  the  first  speech  after  the  resumption  of  the  negotiations  that  it  was  not  a  Question  of  general 
peace  but  of  a  separate  peace  with  Russia  in  Brest-Litovsk.'  That  was  a  necessary  statement  by  clear  fact 
which  Trotzky  has  inevitably  recognized  and  was  necessary  because  we  were  treating  on  a  diSerent  basis — 
that  is,  in  a  more  limited  scope — when  the  question  was  one  of  separate  peace  with  Russia  rather  than  a  gen- 
eral peace.  Although  I  have  no  illusions  that  the  effort  of  a  general  peace  might  matm'e  overnight,  I  am 
still  convinced  it  is  maturing  and  is  only  a  question  of  our  holding  through,  whether  we  are  to  have  a  general 
honorable  peace  or  not. 

THE  REPLY  TO  AMERICA. 

*'I  have  Tjeen  strengthened  in  this  view  by  the  peace  offer  which  the  President  of  the  United  States  of 
America  has  made.  To  the  whole  world  this  is  a  peace  offer,  for  in  fourteen  points  Mr.  Wilson  develops  the 
basis  on  which  he  attempts  to  bring  about  general  peace.  It  is  evident  that  no  such  offer  can  be  an  elabora- 
tion acceptable  in  all  details.  Should  this  be  the  case,  negotiations  would  be  unnecessary,  for  then  peace 
might  be  made  by  simple  acceptance — by  a  simple  yes  and  amen.  That,  of  course,  is  not  the  case.  But 
I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  I  find  in  the  last  proposals  of  President  Wilson  considerable  approach  to  the 
Austro-Hungarian  point  of  view,  and  among  his  proposals  are  some  to  which  we  can  agree  with  pleasure. 
il  I  shall  now  be  allowed  to  discuss  these  proposals  in  greater  detail  I  must  say  two  things  in  advance:  As 
far  as  those  proposals  relate  to  our  allies — and  in  them  there  is  mention  of  the  German  holding  of  Belgium 
and  of  the  Turkish  Empire — I  declare  that,  faithful  to  the  duties  of  the  alliance  which  I  have  accepted, 
I  am  determined  to  go  to  every  extreme  in  defense  of  our  allies.  The  state  of  the  property  of  our  allies 
before  the  war  we  shall  defend  as  our  own.  This  is  the  point  of  view  of  the  allies  in  complete  reciprocity. 
Secondly,  I  should  say  that  I  must  refuse  politely  but  definitely  any  advice  as  to  our  internal  government. 
We  have  a  Parliament  in  Austria,  elected  by  common,  equal,  direct  and  secret  suffrage.  There  is  no  more 
democratic  Parliament  on  earth,  and  this  Parliament,  in  conjunction  with  other  constitutionally  author- 
ized factors,  alone  has  the  right  to  decide  the  internal  affairs  of  Austria.  I  speak  only  of  Austria  because  I 
am  speaking  in  the  Austrian  delegation  and  not  about  the  general  affairs  of  the  Hungarian  state.  I  should 
not  consider  that  constitutional.  We  do  not  interfere  in  American  affairs,  and  we  wish  as  little  foreign  guar- 
dianship by  any  other  state.  Having  said  this  in  advance,  I  allow  myself  to  answer  the  remaining  points 
aa  follows: 

"I  have  nothing  to  say  on  the  point  which  discusses  abolishing  secret  diplomacy  and  complete  pub- 
licity of  negotiations.  As  for  the  question  of  publicity  of  negotiations,  nothing  can  be  said  against  this 
method  from  my  point  of  view  as  far  as  it  is  based  on  complete  reciprocity,  although  I  have  serious  doubts 
whether  it  is  always  the  most  practical  and  quickest  way  to  reach  a  result.  Diplomatic  treaties  are  nothing 
but  business  affaii's.  I  can  easily  think  of  cases,  for  instance,  when  commercial  treaties  are  being  made  be- 
tween states,  and  when  it  would  be  undesirable  that  the  incomplete  results  should  be  told  to  the  whole  world 
beforehand.  In  such  negotiations  both  sides  naturally  begin  by  making  as  large  as  possible  demands  and  by 
using  one  desire  after  another  as  compensation  until  that  balance  of  interest  is  present  which  must  be  reached 
to  make  the  conclusion  of  a  treaty  possible.  Should  such  negotiations  be  conducted  before  the  eyes  of  the 
general  public,  it  could  not  be  avoided  that  the  public  should  passionately  take  sides  for  every  single  one  of 
the  demands,  so  that  the  renunciation  of  such  a  demand,  even  it  made  only  for  tactical  reasons,  would  be 
considered  a  defeat.  Should  the  public  take  sides  especially  strongly  for  one  desideratum,  then  the  con- 
clusion of  a  treaty  might  become  impossible,  or  the  treaty,  should  it  be  concluded,  might  be  felt  as  a  defeat 
perhaps  on  both  sides.  This  would  not  fm'ther  peaceful  relations,  and  the  points  of  friction  between  the 
states  would  be  increased.  But  what  is  valid  for  commercial  treaties  would  be  just  as  valid  for  political 
ones  which  treat  of  political  business. 

"If  abolishing  secret  diplomacy  means  that  there  are  to  be  no  secret  treaties — that  treaties  shall  not 
be  made  without  the  knowledge  of  the  public — I  have  nothing  to  say  against  the  realization  of  this.  How 
the  realization  of  this  principle  and  its  safeguard  is  to  be  considered  I  know  not.  Wlien  the  Governments 
of  two  states  agree,  they  will  always  be  able  to  make  secret  treaties  without  any  one  discovering  it.  But 
these  are  minor  points.  I  do  not  stick  to  formulas  and  will  never  be  responsible  for  the  failure  of  reasonable 
arrangement  because  of  more  or  less  formalities.    We  can,  therefore,  dismiss  Point  1. 

FREEDOM  OF  THE  SEAS. 

"Point  2  relates  to  the  freedom  of  the  seas  In  this  postulate  President  Wilson  has  spoken  from  the 
heart  of  aU,  and  I  subscribe  to  this  desu-e  of  America's  completely,  especially  because  the  President  adds 
the  clause  'outside  territorial  wivters' — that  is,  freedom  oi  open  seas.  But  I  cannot  subscribe  to  the  viola- 
tion of  the  sovereign  rights  of  our  faithful  Turkish  ally.  Its  point  of  view  on  this  question  will  be  ours. 
Point  3,  definitely  against  future  economic  war,  is  so  just  and  so  reasonable  and  has  been  so  often  de- 
manded by  us  that  I  have  nothing  to  add  to  it.  Point  4,  demanding  general  disarmament,  explains  in 
especially  good  and  clear  style  the  necessity  of  forcing  free  competition  in  armaments  after  war  to  a  point 
which  the  domestic  safety  of  states  demands.  President  Wilson  explains  this  clearly.  I  permitted  myself 
to  develop  the  same,  a  few  months  ago,  in  a  Budapest  speech.    It  is  part  of  my  political  creed. 

"As  far  as  Russia  is  concerned,  we  are  proving  with  deeds  that  we  are  ready  to  create  a  friendly,  neigh- 
borly relationship.  As  far  as  Italy,  Serbia,  Roumanla  and  Montenegro  are  concerned,  I  can  only  repeat 
the  point  of  view  which  I  have  expre.sscd  already  in  the  Hungarian  delegation.    I  refuse  to  figure  as  surety 


646  President  Wilson's  Rejoinder  to  Central  Powers. 


AUSTRIA'S  ANSWER  TO  THE  UNITED  STATES— Contintied. 


for  enemy  war  adventures.  I  refuse  to  make  one-sided  concessions  to  our  enemies  who  remain  stubbornly 
on  tlie  point  of  view  of  war  to  final  "ictory,  concessions  whicti  would  forever  injure  the  monarchy  and  give 
immeasurable  advantage  to  our  enemies  and  drag  on  the  war  indefiuitely." 


PRESIDENT     WILSON'S  REJOINDER  TO  CENTRAL  POWERS. 

President  Wilson,  on  February  11,  1918,  addressed  to  Congress  his  roply  to  the  answers  of  von  Hert- 
ling  and  Czemin,  as  follows:  "On  the  8th  of  January  I  had  the  honor  of  addressing  you  on  the  objects  of  the 
war  as  our  people  concfeive  them.  The  Prime  Minister  of  Great  Britain  had  spoken  in  similar  terms  on  the 
6th  of  January.  To  these  addresses  the  German  Chancellor  replied  on  tlie  24th,  and  Count  Czeruin  for 
Austria  on  the  same  day.  It  is  gratifying  to  have  our  desire  so  promptly  realized  that  all  exchanges  of  view 
on  this  great  matter  should  be  made  in  the  hearing  of  all  the  world.  Count  Czernin's  reply,  which  is  directed 
chiefly  to  my  own  address  of  the  8th  of  January,  is  uttered  In  a  very  friendly  tone.  He  finds  in  my  state- 
ments a  sufficiently  encouraging  approach  to  the  views  of  his  own  government  to  justify  him  in  believing 
that  it  furnishes  a  basis  for  a  more  detailed  discussion  of  purposes  by  the  two  governments.  He  is  repre- 
sented to  have  intimated  that  the  views  he  was  e;:pressing  had  been  communicated  to  me  beforehand  and 
tlvat  I  was  aware  of  them  at  the  time  he  was  uttering  them,  but  in  this  I  am  sure  he  was  misunderstood. 
I  had  received  no  intimation  of  what  he  intended  to  say.  There  was,  of  course,  no  reason  why  he  should 
communicate  privately  with  me.    I  ^m  quite  content  to  be  one  of  his  public  audience. 

GERMAN  REPLY  VAGUE  AND  UNSATISFACTORY. 

"Count  von  Hertling's  reply  is,  I  must  say,  very  vague  and  very  confusing.  It  is  full  of  equivocal 
phrases  and  leads,  it  is  not  clear,  where.  But  it  Is  certainly  in  a  very  different  tone  from  that  of  Count 
Czemin,  and  apparently  of  an  opposite  purpose.  It  confirms,  I  am  sorry  to  say,  rather  than  removes,  the 
unfortunate  Impression  made  by  what  we  had  learned  of  the  conferences  at  Brest-Litovsk.  His  discussion 
and  acceptance  of  our  general  principles  lead  him  to  no  practical  conclusions.  He  refuses  to  apply  them  to 
the  substantive  items  which  must  constitute  the  body  of  any  final  settlement.  He  is  jealous  of  interna- 
tional action  and  of  international  counsel.  He  accepts,  he  says,  the  principle  of  public  diplomacy,  but  he 
appears  to  insist  that  It  be  confined — at  any  rate  in  this  case — to  generalities;  and  that  the  several  particu- 
lar questions  of  territory  and  sovereignty,  the  several  questions  upon  whose  settlement  must  depend  the 
acceptance  of  peace  by  the  twenty-three  states  now  engaged  in  the  war.  must  be  discussed  and  settled, 
not  in  general  council,  but  severally  by  the  nations  most  immediately  concerned  by  interest  or  neighbor- 
hood. He  agrees  that  the  seas  should  be  free,  but  looks  askance  at  any  limitation  to  that  freedom  by  in- 
ternational action  in  the  Interest  of  the  common  order.  He  would  without  reserve  be  glad  to  see  economic 
bairlers  removed  between  nation  and  nation,  for  that  could  in  no  way  impede  the  ambitions  of  the  mili- 
tary party  with  whom  he  seems  constrained  to  keep  on  terms.  Neither  does  he  raise  objection  to  a  limi- 
tation of  armaments.  That  matter  will  be  settled  of  itself,  he  thinks,  by  the  economic  conditions  which  must 
follow  the  war.  But  the  German  colonies,  he  demands,  must  be  returned  without  debate.  He  will  dis- 
cuss with  no  one  but  the  representatives  of  Russia  what  disposition  shall  be  made  of  the  peoples  and  the 
lands  of  the  Baltic  provinces;  with  no  one  but  the  government  of  France  the  "conditions'  under  which 
French  territory  shall  be  evacuated;  and  only  with  Austria  wh8,t  shall  be  done  with  Poland.  In  the  deter- 
mination of  all  questions  affecting  the  Balkan  states  he  defers,  as  I  understand  him,  to  Austria  and  Turkey; 
and  with  regard  to  the  agreements  to  be  entered  into  concerning  the  non-Turkish  peoples  of  the  present 
Ottoman  empire,  to  the  Turkish  authorities  themselves.  After  a  settlement  all  around,  effected  in  this 
fashion  by  Individual  barter  and  concession,  he  would  have  no  objection,  if  I  correctly  interpret  hif  state- 
ment, to  a  league  of  nations  which  would  undertake  to  hold  the  new  balance  of  power  steady  against  externaJ 
(^  i  st^  1  irhfl-ncp 

"It  must  be  evident  to  everyone  who  understands  what  this  war  has  wrought  in  tlie  opinion  and  tem- 
per of  the  world  that  no  general  peace,  no  peace  worth  the  Infinite  sacrifices  of  these  years  of  tragical  suffer- 
ing, can  possibly  be  arrived  at  in  any  such  fashion.  The  method  the  German  Chancellor  proposes  is  the 
method  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna.  We  cannot  and  will  not  return  to  that.  What  is  at  stake  nov/  Is  the 
peace  of  the  world.  What  we  are  striving  for  Is  a  new  international  order  based  upon  broad  and  universal 
principles  of  right  and  justice — no  mere  peace  of  shreds  and  patches.  Is  it  possible  that  Count  von  Hert- 
ling  does  not  see  that,  does  not  grasp  it,  Is  In  fact  living  in  his  thought  in  a  world  dead  and  gone?  Has  he 
utterly  forgotten  the  Reichstag  resolutions  of  the  19th  of  July,  or  does  he  deliberately  ignore  them?  They 
spoke  of  the  conditions  of  a  general  peace,  not  of  national  aggrandizement  or  of  arrangements  between 
state  and  state. 

WORLD'S  PEACE  DEPENDS  ON  WORLD'S  SATISFACTION. 

"The  peace  of  the  world  depends  upon  the  just  settlement  of  each  of  the  several  problems  to  winch  1 
adverted  in  my  recent  address  to  the  Congress.  I,  of  com\sc,  do  not  mean  that  the  peace  of  the  world  depends 
upon  the  acceptance  of  any  particular  set  of  suggestions  as  to  the  way  in  which  those  problems  arc  to  he 
dealt  with.  I  mean  only  that  those  problems  each  and  all  affect  the  whole  world;  that  unless  they  are  dealt 
with  in  a  spirit  of  unselfish  and  unbiased  justice,  with  a  view  to  the  wishes,  the  natural  connections,  the 
racial  aspirations,  the  security,  and  the  peace  of  mind  of  the  peoples  involved,  no  permanent  peace  will 
have  been  attained.  They  cannot  be  discussed  separately  or  in  corners.  None  of  them  constitutes  a  pri- 
vate or  separate  interest  from  which  the  opinion  of  the  world  may  be  shut  out.  Whatever  affects  the 
peace  aflects  manlslnd;  and  nothing  settled  by  military  force,  if  settled  wrong,  is  settled  at  all.  It  will  pres- 
ently have  to  be  reopened.  Is  Count  von  Hertling  not  aware  that  he  is  speaking  in  the  court  of  mankind; 
that  all  the  awakened  nations  of  the  world  now  sit  in  judgment  on  what  every  public  man,  of  whatever 
nation,  may  say  on  the  issues  of  a  conflict  which  has  spread  to  every  region  of  the  world?  "The  Reichstag 
resolutions  of  July  themselves  frankly  accepted  the  decisions  of  that  court.  There  shall  be  no  annexations, 
no  contributions,  no  punitive  damages.  Peoples  are  not  to  be  handed  about  from  one  sovereignty  to  an- 
other by  an  international  conference  or  an  understanding  between  rivals  and  antagonists.  National  aspira- 
tions must  be  respected;  peoples  may  now  be  dominated  and  governed  only  by  their  own  consent.  'Self- 
determination'  is  not  a  mere  phrase.  It  is  an  imperative  principle  of  action,  which  statesmen  will  henceforth 
ignore  at  their  peril.  We  cannot  have  general  peace  for  the  asking,  or  by  the  mere  arrangement  of  a  peace 
conference.  It  cannot  be  pieced  together  out  of  individual  understandings  between  powerful  states.  All 
the  parties  of  this  war  must  join  in  the  settlement  of  every  issue  anywhere  involved  in  it;  because  what  we 
are  seeking  is  a  peace  that  we  can  all  unite  to  guarantee  and  maintain,  and  every  item  of  it  must  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  common  judgment  whether  it  be  right  and  fair — an  act  of  justice,  rather  than  a  bargain  be- 
tween sovereigns. 

MUST  REMOVE  CAUSES  OF  WAR. 

"The,Unlted  States  has  no  desjre  to  interfere  in  Eui'opean  affairs  or  to  act  as  arbiter  In  European  ter- 
ritorial disputes.  She  would  disdain  to  take  advantage  of  any  internal  weakness  or  disorder  to  Impose  her 
own  will  upon  another  people.  She  is  quite  ready  to  be  shown  that  the  settlements  she  has  suggested  are 
not  the  beat  or  the  most  enduring.  They  are  only  her  own  provisional  sketch  of  principles  and  of  the  way 
in  which  they  should  be  appUed.  But  she  entered  this  war  because  she  was  made  a  partner,  whether  she 
would  or  not,  in  the  sufferings  and  indignities  tnHicted  by  the  military  masters  of  Germany  against  the 


Achievements  of  1918  Must  Decide  the  War.  647 


PRESIDKNT  WILSON'S  REJOINDER  TO   CENTRAL  POWERS— Continued. 


peace  and  security  of  mankind ;  and  the  conditions  of  peace  will  touch  her  as  nearly  as  they  will  touch  any 
other  nation  to  which  is  entnisted  a  leading  part  in  the  maintenance  of  civilization.-  She  cannot  see  her 
way  to  peace  untU  the  causes  of  this  war  are  removed,  its  renewal  rendered  as  nearly  as  may  be  impossible 

"This  war  had  its  roots  in  the  disregard  of  the  rights  of  small  nations  and  of  nationalities  which  lacked 
the  union  and  the  force  to  make  good  their  claim  to  determine  their  own  allegiances  and  their  own  iforms 
of  political  life.  Covenants  must  now  be  entered  into  which  will  render  such  things  Impossible  for  the 
future;  and  those  covenants  must  be  backed  by  the  united  force  of  all  the  nations  that  love  justice  and  are 
willing  to  maintain  it  at  any  cost.  If  territorial  settlements  and  the  political  relations  of  great  populations 
which  have  not  the  organized  power  to  resist  are  to  be  determined  by  the  contracts  of  the  powerful  govern- 
ments which  consider  themselves  most  directly  affected,  as  Count  von  Hertling  proposes,  why  may  not 
economic  questions  also?  It  has  come  about  in  the  altered  world  in  which  we  now  find  ourselves  that  justice 
and  the  rights  of  peoples  affect  the  whole  field  of  international  dealing,  as  much  as  access  to  raw  materials 
and  fair  and  equal  conditions  of  trade.  Count  von  Hertling  wants  the  essential  bases  of  commercial  and 
industrial  lite  to  be  safeguarded  by  common  agreement  and  guaranty;  but  he  cannot  expect  that  to  be  con« 
ceded  him  if  the  other  matters  to  be  determined  by  the  articles  of  peace  are  not  handled  in  the  same  way, 
as  items  in  the  final  accounting.  He  cannot  ask  the  benefit  of  common  agreement  In  the  one  field,  without 
according  it  in  the  other.  I  take  it  for  granted  that  he  .sees  that  separate  and  selfish  compacts  with  regard 
to  trade  and  the  essential  materials  of  manufacture  ( would  afford  no  foundation  for  peace.  Neither,  he  may 
rest  assured,  will  separate  and  selfish  compacts  with  regard  to  provinces  and  oeoples. 

"Count  Czernin  seems  to  see  the  fundamental  elements  of  peace  with  clear  eyes,  and«Qoes  not  seek  to 
obscure  them.  He  sees  that  an  independent  Poland,  made  up  of  all  the  Indisputably  Polish  peoples  who 
He  contiguous  to  one  another,  is  a  matter  of  European  concern  and  must  of  course  be  conceded;  that  Bel- 
gium must  be  evacuated  and  restored,  no  matter  what  sacrifices  and  concessions  that  may  involve;  and  that 
national  aspirations  must  be  satisfied,  even  .within  his  own  empire,  in  the  common  interest  of  Europe  and 
mankind.  If  he  is  silent  about  questions  which  touch  the  interest  and  purposes  of  his  allies  more  nearly  than 
they  touch  those  of  Austria  only,  it  must  of  course  be  because  he  feels  constrained,  I  suppose,  to  defer  to  Ger- 
many and  Turkey  in  the  circumstances.  Seeing  and  conceding,  as  he  does,  the  essential  principles  Involved 
and  the  necessity  of  candidly  applying  them,  he  naturally  feels  that  Austria  can  respond  to  the  p<irpose  of 
peace  as  expressed  by  the  United  States  with  less  embarrassment  than  could  Germany.  He  would  probably 
liave  gone  much  further  had  it  not  been  for  the  embarrassments  of  Austria's  alliances  and  of  her  depend- 
ence upon  Germany.  After  all,  the  test  of  whether  it  is  possible  for  either  government  to  go  any  further 
in  this  comparison  of  views  is  simple  and  obvious.     The  principles  to  be  applied  are  these: 

FOUR  PRINCIPLES  TO  BE  APPLIED. 

"First,  that  each  part  of  the  final  settlement  must  be  based  upon  the  essential  justice  of  that  particular 
case  and  upon  such  adjustments  as  are  most  likely  to  bring  a  peace  that  will  be  permanent; 

"Second,  that  peoples  and  provinces  are  not  to  be  bartered  about  from  sovereignty  to  sovereignty  as  if 
they  were  mere  chattels  and  pawns  in  a  game,  even  the  great  game,  now  forever  discredited,  of  the  balance 
of  power;  but  that — 

"Third,  every  territorial  settlement  involved  in  this  war  must  be  made  in  the  interest  and  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  populations  concerned,  and  not  as  a  part  of  any  mere  adjustment  or  compromise  of  claims  amongst 
rival  states;  and — 

"Fourth,  that  all  well-defined  national  aspirations  shall  be  accorded  the  utmost  satisfaction  that  can 
be  accorded  them  without  introducing  new  or  perpetuating  old  elements  of  discord  and  antagonism  that 
would  be  likely  in  time  to  break  the  peace  of  Europe  and  consequently  of  the  world. 

SUCH  TERMS  CAN  BE  DISCUSSED. 

"A  general  peace  erected  upon  such  foundations  can  be  discussed.  Until  such  a  peace  can  be  secured 
we  have  no  choice  but  to  go  on.  So  far  as  we  can  judge,  these  principles  that  we  regard  as  fundamental 
are  already  everywhere  accepted  as  imperative,  except  among  the  spokesmen  of  the  military  and  annexa- 
tionist party  in  Germany.  If  they  have  anywhere  else  been  rejected,  the  objectors  have  not  been  suffici- 
ently numerous  or  influential  to  make  their  voices  audible.  The  tragical  circumstance  is  that  this  one  party 
in  Germany  is  apparently  willing  and  able  to  send  millions  of  men  to  their  death  to  prevent  what  all  the 
world  now  sees  to  be  just.  I  would  not  be  a  true  spokesman  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  if  I  did  not 
say  once  more  that  we  entered  this  war  upon  no  small  occasion,  and  that  we  can  never  turn  back  from  a  course 
chosen  upon  principle.  Our  resources  are  in  part  mobilized  now,  and  we  shall  not  pause  until  they  are  mob- 
ilized In  their  entirety.  Our  armies  are  rapidly  going  to  the  fighting  front,  and  will  go  more  and  more 
rapidly.  Our  whole  strength  wUl  be  put  into  this  war  of  emancipation — emancipation  from  the  threat  and 
attempted  mastery  of  selfish  groups  of  autocratic  rulers — whatever  the  difficulties  and  present  partial  delays. 
We  are  indomitable  in  our  power  of  Independent  action,  and  can  in  no  circumstances  consent  to  live  In  a 
world  governed  by  intrigue  and  force.  We  believe  that  our  own  desire  for  a  new  international  order,  under 
which  reason  and  justice  and  the  common  interests  of  mankind  shall  prevail,  is  the  desire  of  enlightened  men 
everywhere.  Without  that  new  order  the  world  will  be  without  peace,  and  human  life  will  lack  tolerable 
conditions  of  existence  and  development.  Having  set  oiu:  hand  to  the  task  of  achieving  it,  we  shall  not 
turn  back. 

"I  hope  that  it  is  not  necessary  for  me  to  add  that  no  word  of  what  I  have  said  is  intended  as  a  threat. 
That  is  not  the  temper  of  our  people.  I  have  spoken  thus  only  that  the  whole  world  may  know  the  true 
spirit  of  America;  that  men  everywhere  may  know  that  our  passion  for  justice  and  for  self-government  is 
no  mere  passion  of  words,  but  a  passion  which,  once  set  in  action,  must  be  satisfied.  Tlie  power  of  the  United 
States  is  a  menace  to  no  nation  or  people.  It  will  never  be  used  in  aggression  or  for  the  aggrandizement  of 
Buy  selfish  interest  of  our  own.    It  springs  out  of  freedom  and  is  tor  the  service  of  freedom." 


PRESIDENT  ADMONISHES  ARMY  AND   NAVY  TO  OBSERVE   SABBATH. 

The  White  House,  Washington,  January  20,  1918.  The  President,  Commander  in  Chief  of  the  Army 
ana  Navy,  following  the  reverent  example  of  his  predecessors,  desires  and  enjoins  the  orderly  observance 
of  the  Sabbath  by  the  officers  and  men  in  the  military  and  naval  service  of  the  United  States.  The  im- 
portance for  man  and  beast  of  the  prescribed  weekly  rest,  the  sacred  rights  of  Christian  soldiers  and  sailors, 
a  becoming  deference  to  the  best  sentiment  of  a  Christian  people,  and  a  due  regard  for  the  Divine  Will 
demand  that  Sunday  labor  in  the  army  and  navy  be  reduced  to  the  measm-e  of  strict  necessity.  Such  an  ob- 
servance of  Sunday  is  dictated  by  the  best  traditions  of  our  people  and  by  the  convictions  of  all  who  look 
to  Divine  Providence  for  guidance  and  protection,  and,  in  repeating  in  this  order  the  language  of  President 
Lincoln,  the  President  is  confident  that  he  is  speaking  alike  to  the  hearts  and  to  the  consciences  of  those 
un^ev  his  authority. — Woodrow  Wilson. 

ACHIEVEMENTS   OF   1918    MUST    DECIDE   THE   WAR. 

Mr.  Wilson,  in  a  message  to  the  Farmers'  Congress,  at  Urbana,  111.,  January  31,  1918,  urging  record- 
breaking  crop  production,  wrote:  "I  need  not  tell  you,  for  I  am  sure  you  realize  as  keenly  as  I  do,  that 
we  are  as  a  nation  in  the  presence  of  a  great  task  which  demands  supreme  sacrifice  and  endeavor  of  every 


G48  America's  Message  to  Russia, 

ACHIEVEMENTS  OF  1918  MUST  DECIDE  THE  y^AR— Continued. 

oue  of  us.  We  can  give  everything  that  is  needed  with  the  greater  willngness,  and  even  satisfaction,  be- 
cause the  object  of  the  war  in  which  we  are  engaged  is  the  greatest  that  free  men  have  ever  undertaken. 
It  is  to  prevent  the  life  of  the  v/orld  from  being  determined  and  the  fortunes  of  men  everywhere  affected 
by  small  groups  of  military  masters,  who  seelc  their  own  interest  and  the  selfish  dominion  throughout  the 
world  of  the  governments  they  unhappily  for  the  moment  control.  You  will  not  need  to  be  convinced  that 
It  was  necessary  for  us  as  a  free  people  to  take  part  in  this  war.  It  had  raised  its  evil  hand  against  us.  The 
rulers  of  Germany  had  sought  to  exercise  their  power  in  such  a  way  as  to  shut  oH  our  economic  life  so  far 
as  our  intercourse  with  Europe  was  concerned,  and  to  confme  our  people  within  the  Western  Hemisphere 
while  they  accomplished  purposes  which  would  have  permanently  impaired  and  impeded  every  process  of 
oui-  national  life  and  have  put  the  fortunes  of  America  at  the  mercy  of  the  imperial  government  of  Germany. 

"This  was  no  threat.  It  had  become  a  reality.  Their  hand  of  violence  had  been  laid  upon  oiu-  own 
people  and  our  own  property  in  fl.^grant  violation  not  only  of  justice  but  of  the  well-recognized  and  long- 
standing covenants  of  international  law  and  treaty.  We  are  fighting,  therefore,  as  truly  for  the  liberty  and 
self-government  of  the  United  States  as  if  the  war  of  our  own  Revolution  had  to  be  fought  over  again;  and 
every  man  in  every  business  in  the  United  States  must  know  by  tliis  time  that  his  whole  future  fortune  lies  in 
the  balance.  Our  national  life  and  our  whole  economic  development  will  pass  under  the  sinister  Influences  of 
foreign  control  if  we  do  not  win.  We  must  win,  therefore,  and  we  shall  win.  I  need  not  ask  you  to  pledge 
your  lives  and  fortunes  with  those  of  the  rest  of  the  nation  to  the  accomplishment  of  that  great  end.  You 
will  realize,  as  I  think  statesmen  on  both  sides  of  the  water  realize,  that  the  culminating  crisis  of  the  struggle 
has  come  and  thit  the  achievements  of  tjiis  year  on  the  one  side  or  the  other  must  determine  the  issue.  It 
has  turned  out  that  the  forces  that  fight  for  freedom,  the  freedom  of  men  all  over  the  world  as  well  as  our 
own,  depend  upon  us  in  an  extraordinary  and  unexpected  degree  for  sustenance,  for  the  supply  of  the  mater- 
ials by  which  men  are  to  live  and  to  fight,  and  it  will  be  our  glory  when  the  war  is  over  that  we  have  sup- 
l)lled  those  materials  and  supplied  them  abundantly,  and  it  will  be  all  the  more  glory  because  in  supplying 
tbem  we  have  made  our  supreme  effort  and  sacrifice. 

"In  the  field  oi  agriculture  we  have  agencies  and  instrumentalities,  fortunately,  such  as  no  other  gov- 
ernment in  the  world  can  show.  Tlie-Departmeut  of  Agriculture  is  undoubtedly  the  greatest  practical 
and  scientific  agricultural  organization  in  the  world.  The  labor  problem  is  one  of  great  difficulty,  and  some 
of  the  best  agencies  of  the  nation  are  addressing  themselves  to  the  task  of  solving  it,  so  tar  as  it  is  possible 
to  solve  It.  Farmers  have  not  been  exempted  from  the  draft.  I  know  that  they  would  not  wish  to  be.  I 
take  it  for  granted  they  would  not  wish  to  be  put  in  a  class  by  themselves  in  this  respect.  But  the  attention 
of  the  War  Department  has  been  very  seriously  centred  upon  the  task  of  interfering  with  the  labor  of  the 
farms  as  little  as  possible,  and  under  the  new  draft  regulations  I  believe  that  the  farmers  of  the  country 
will  find  that  their  supply  of  labor  Is  very  much  less  seriously  drawn  upon  than  it  was  under  the  first  and 
initial  draft,  made  before  we  had  our  present  full  experience  in  these  perplexing  matters.  The  supply  of 
labor  in  all  industries  Is  a  matter  we  must  look  to  and  are  looking  to  with  diligent  care. 

"And  let  me  say  that  the  stimulation  of  the  agencies  I  have  enumerated  has  been  responded  to  by  tlie 
farmers  in  splendid  fashion.  I  dare  say  that  you  are  aware  that  the  farmers  of  this  country  are  as  efficient 
as  any  other  farmers  in  the  v/orld.  They  do  not,  produce  more  per  acre  than  the  farmers  in  Europe.  It  is 
not  necessary  that  they  should  do  so.  It  would  perhaps  be  bad  economy  for  them  to  attempt  It.  But  they 
do  produce  by  two  to  three  or  four  times  more  per  man,  per  unit  of  labor  and  capital,  than  the  farmers 
ol  any  European  country.  They  are  more  alert  and  use  more  labor-saving  devices  than  any  other  farmers 
In  the  world.  And  theh'  response  to  the  demands  of  the  present  emergency  has  been  in  every  way  remark- 
able. Last  spring  theU-  planting  exceeded  by  12,000,000  acres  the  largest  planting  of  any  previous  year, 
and  the  yields  from  the  crops  were  record-breaking  yields.  In  the  fall  of  1917  a  wheat  acreage  of  42,170,000 
was  planted,  which  was  1,000,000  larger  than  for  any  preceding  year,  3,000,000  greater  than  the  next  larg- 
est, and  7,000,000  greater  than  the  preceding  five-year  average. 

SHOULD  EXCEED  PAST  ACHIEVEMENTS. 

"But  I  ought  to  say  to  you  that  it  Ls  not  only  necessary  that  these  aclileveraents  should  be  repeated, 
but  that  they  should  be  exceeded.  I  know  what  this  advice  involves.  It  involves  not  only  labor  but  sac- 
rifice, the  painstaking  application  of  every,  bit  of  scientific  knowledge  and  every  tested  practice  that  is 
available.  It  means  the  utmost  economy,  even  to  the  point  where  the  pinch  comes.  It  means  the  kind  of 
concentration  and  self-sacrifice  which  is  involved  in  the  field  of  battle  itself,  where  the  object  always  looms 
greater  than  the  individual.  And  yet  the  Government  will  help  and  help  in  every  way  that  is  possible.  The 
impression  which  prevails  in  some  quarters  that  while  the  Government  has  sought  to  fix  the  prices  of  food- 
stuffs it  has  not  sought  to  fix  other  prices  which  determine  the  expenses  of  the  farmer  is  a  mistaken  one. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  Government  has  actively  and  successfully  regulated  the  prices  of  many  fundamental 
materials  underlying  all  the  industries  of  the  country,  and  has  regulated  them,  not  only  for  the  purchases 
of  the  Government,  but  also  for  the  purchases  of  the  general  public,  and  I  have  every  reason  to  believe 
that  the  Congress  will  extend  the  powers  of  the  Government  in  tliis  important  and  even  essential  matter, 
so  that  the  tendency  to  profiteering,  which  is  showing  itself  in  too  many  quarters,  may  be  effectively  checked. 
In  fixing  the  prices  of  foodstuffs  the  Government  has  sincerely  tried  to  keep  the  interests  of  the  farmer  as 
much  in  mind  as  the  interests  of  the  communities  which  are  to  be  served,  but  it  is  serving  mankind  as  weir 
as  the  farmer,  and  everything  In  these  times  of  war  takes  on  the  rigid  aspect  of  duty. 

"I  will  not  appeal  to  you  to  continue  and  renew  and  Increase  yoiu"  efforts;  I  do  not  believe  that  it  is 
necessary  to  do  so.  I  believe  that  you  will  do  it  without  any  word  or  appeal  from  me,  because  you  under- 
stand as  well  as 'I  do  the  needs  and  opportunities  oi  this  great  hour  when  the  fortunes  of  mankind  every- 
where $eem  about  to  be  determined  and  when  America  has  the  greatest  opportunity  she  has  ever  had  to 
make  good  her  own  freedom  and  in  making  it  good  to  lend  a  helping  hand  to  men  struggling  for  their  free- 
dom everywhere.  You  remember  that  it  was  farmeis  from  whom  came  the  first  shots  at  Lexington,  that 
set  aflame  the  revolution  that  made  America  free.  I  hope  and  believe  that  the  farmers  of  America  will 
willingly  and  conspicuously  stand  by  to  win  this  war  also.  The  toll,  the  intelligence,  the  energy,  the  fore- 
sight, the  self-sacrificing,  and  devotion  of  the  farmers  of  America  will,  I  believe,  bring  to  a  triumphant  con- 
clusion this  great  last  war  for  the  emancipation  of  men  from  the  control  of  arbitrary  government  and  the 
selfishness  of  class  legislation  and  control;  and  then,  when  the  end  has  come,  we  may  look  each  other  in 
the  face  and  be  glad  that  we  are  Americans  and  have  had  the  privilege  to  play  such  a  part." 


AMERICA'S     MESSAGE    TO     RUSSIA. 

Eably  in  March,  1918,  the  following  message  from  President  Wilson  to  the  people  of  Russia  was  made 
public.  It  had  been  cabled  by  Secretary  Lansing  to  the  United  States  Consul  General  at  Moscow,  for  de- 
livery to  the  Soviet  Congress.  Mr.  WUson  said:  "May  I  not  take  advantage  of  the  meeting  of  the  Con- 
gress of  the  Soviets  to  express  the  sincere  sympathy  which  the  people  of  the  United  States  feel  for  the  Rus- 
sian people  at  this  moment  when  the  German  power  has  been  thrust  in  to  interrupt  and  turn  back  the  whole 
struggle  for  freedom  and  substitute  the  wishes  of  Germany  for  the  purposes  of  the  people  of  Russia?  Although 
the  Government  of  the  United  States  Is  unhappily  not  now  in  a  pojltlon  to  render  the  direct  and  effective 
aid  it  would  wish  to  render,  I  beg  to  assure  the  people  of  Russia,  tlirough  the  congress,  that  It  wiU  avaij 


*7  Accept  the  Challenge** — ''Force  to  the  Utmost."         649 


AMERICA'S  MESSAGE  TO  IIVSSIA— Continued. 


itself  ol  every  opportunity  to  secure  for  Russia  once  more  complete  sovereignty  and  independence  in  her 
own  affairs  and  full  restoration  to  her  great  role  in  the  life  of  Europe  and  the  modern  world.  The  whole 
heart  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  is  with  the  people  of  Russia  in  the  attempt  to  free  themselves  forever 
irom  autocratic  government  and  become  the  masters  of  their  own  life." 

The  progress  of  events  in  Russia  thenceforward  was  toward  a  general  state  of  chaos,  there  being  no 
Blaole  central  government  which  could  heed  the  American  advice. 


"I  ACCEPT  THE  CHALLENGE"— "FORCE  TO  THE  UTMOST." 

Wilson's  answer  to  Germany,  after  tlie  Russian  breakdown.  The  address  was  delivered  on  the  night 
Ot  April  6,  1918,  at  Baltimore,  at  the  opening  there  of  the  Third  Liberty  Loan  campaign. 

The  President  eaid:  "FeUow  citizens:  This  is  the  anniversary  of  our  acceptance  of  Germany's  chal- 
lenge to  fight  for  our  right  to  live  and  be  free,  and  for  the  sacred  rights  of  free  men  everywhere.  'The  Nation 
is  awake.  There  is  no  need  to  call  to  it.  We  know  what  the  war  must  cost,  our  utmost  sacrifice,  tne  lives 
ol  our  Attest  men. and,  if  need  be,  all  that  we  possess.  The  loan  we  are  met  to  discuss  Is  one  of  the  leas. 
parts  of  what  we  are  called  upon  to  give  and  to  do,  though  in  itself  imperative.  The  people  of  the  who).; 
country  are  aUve  to  the  necessity  ot  it,  and  are  ready  to  lend  to  the  utmost,  even  where  It  involves  a  sharp 
skimping  and  daily  sacrifice  to  lend  out  of  meagre  earnings.  They  will  look  with  reprobation  and  contempt 
upon  those  who  can  and  will  not,  upon  those  who  demand  a  higher  rate  of  interest,  upon  those  who  think 
of  it  as  a  mere  commercial  transaction.  I  have  not  come,  therefore,  to  urge  the  loan.  I  have  come  only 
to  give  you,  if  I  can,  a  more  vivid  conception  of  what  it  is  for. 

"The  reasons  for  this  great  war,  the  reason  why  it  had  to  come,  the  need  to  fight  it  through,  and  thi 
issues  that  hang  upon  its  outcome,  are  more  clearly  disclosed  now  than  ever  before.  It  is  easy  to  see  just 
what  this  particular  loan  means  because  the  cause  we  are  fighting  for  stands  more  sharply  revealed  than  a  t 
any  previous  crisis  of  the  momentous  struggle.  The  man  who  knows  least  can  now  see  plainly  who  the  causr; 
of  Justice  stands  and  what  the  imperishable  thing  is  he  is  asked  to  invest  in.  Men  in  America  may  be  more 
sure  than  they  ever  were  before  that  the  cause  is  their  own,  and  that,  if  It  should  be  lost,  their  own  greau 
nation's  place  and  mission  in  the  world  would  be  lost  with  it. 

"I  call  you  to  witness,  my  fellow  countrymen,  that  at  no  stage  of  this  terrible  business  have  I  judged 
the  purposes  of  Germany  intemperately.  X  should  be  ashamed  in  the  presence  ol  affairs  so  grave,  so  fraugh  t, 
with  the  destinies  of  mankind  throughout  all  the  world,  to  speak  with  truculence,  to  use  the  weak  languag.n 
of  hatred  or  vindictive  purpose.  We  must  judge  as  we  would  be  judged.  1  have  sought  to  learn  the  object-; 
Germany  has  in  this  war  from  the  mouths  of  her  own  spokesmen,  and  to  deal  as  frankly  with  them  as  i 
wished  them  to  deal  with  me.  I  have  laid  bare  our  own  ideals,  our  own  purposes,  without  reserve  or  doubt- 
lul  phrase,  and  have  asked  them  to  say  as  plainly  what  It  is  that  they  seek. 

WE  HAVE  OURSELVES  PROPOSED  NO  INJUSTICE,  NO  AGGRESSION. 

"Wo  have  ourselves  proposed  no  Injustice,  no  aggression.  We  are  ready,  whenever  the  final  reckoning 
Is  made,  to  be  Juat  to  the  German  people,  deal  fairly  with  the  German  power,  as  with  all  others.  There  can 
be  no  difference  between  peoples  in  the  final  judgment,  if  It  Is  indeed  to  be  a  righteous  judgment.  To  pro- 
pose anything  but  justice,  even-handed  and  dispassionate  justice,  to  Germany  at  any  time,  whatever  the 
outcome  of  the  war,  would  be  to  renounce  and  dishonor  our  -own  cause.  For  we  ask  nothing  that  we  arc 
not  willing  to  accord. 

"It  has  been  with  this  thought  that  I  have  sought  to  learn  from  those  who  spoke  for  Germany  whether 
It  was  Justice  or  dominion  and  the  execution  of  their  own  will  upon  the  other  nations  of  the  world  that  the 
German  leaders  were  seeking.  They  have  answered — answei-ed  in  unmistakable  terms.  They  have  avowed 
that  it  was  not  justice  but  dominion  and  the  unhindered  execution  of  their  own  will. 

"The  avowal  has  not  come  from  Germany's  statesmen.  It  has  come  from  her  miUtary  leaders,  who  are 
her  real  rulers.  Her  statesmen  have  said  that  they  wished  peace,  and  were  ready  to  discuss  its  terms  when- 
ever their  opponents  were  willing  to  sit  down  at  the  conference  table  with  them.  Her  present  Chancellor 
has  said — in  indefinite  and  uncertain  terms,  indeed,  and  in  phrases  that  often  seem  to  deny  their  own  mean- 
ing, but  with  as  much  plainness  as  he  thought  prudent — that  he  believed  that  peace  should  be  based  upon 
the  principles  which  we  had  declared  would  be  our  own  in  the  final  settlement.  At  Brest-Lltovsk  her  civil- 
ian delegates  spoke  in  similar  terms;  professed  their  desire  to  conclude  a  fair  peace  and  accord  to  the  peoples 
^vlth  whose  fortunes  they  were  dealing  the  right  to  choose  their  own  allegiances.  But  action  accompanied 
and  followed  the  profession.  "Their  miUtary  masters,  the  men  who  act  for  Germany  and  exhibit  her  purpose 
in  execution,  proclaimed  a  very  different  conclusion.  We  can  not  mistake  what  they  have  done — in  Rus- 
sia, in  Finland,  in  the  Ukraine,  in  Roumania.  The  real  test  of  their  justice  and  fair  play  has  come.  From 
this  we  may  judge  the  rest.  They  are  enjoying  in  Russia  a  cheap  triumph  in  which  no  brave  or  gallant  na- 
tion can  long  take  pride.  A  great  people,  helpless  by  their  own  act,  lies  for  the  time  at  their  mercy.  Their 
fair  professions  are  forgotten.  They  nowhere  set  up  justice,  but  everywhere  Impose  their  power  and  ex- 
ploit everything  for  their  oivn  use  and  aggrandizement;  and  the  peoples  of  conquered  provinces  are  Invited 
to  be  free  under  their  dominion  1 

WHAT  THEY  WOULD  DO. 

"Are  we  not  Justified  in  believing  that  they  would  do  the  same  things  at  their  western  front  if  they  were 
not  there  face  to  face  with  armies  whom  even  their  countless  divisions  can  not  overcome?  If,  when  they 
have  felt  their  check  to  be  final,  they  should  propose  favorable  and  equitable  terms  vrlth  regard  to  Belgium 
and  France  and  Italy,  could  they  blame  us  If  we  concluded  that  they  did  so  only  to  assure  themselves  of  a 
free  hand  in  Russia  and  the  East? 

"Their  purpose  is  undoubtedly  to  make  all  the  Slavic  peoples,  all  the  free  and  ambitious  nations  o? 
the  Baltic  peninsula,  all  the  lands  that  Turkey  has  dominated  and  misruled,  subject  to  their  will  and  am- 
bition and  build  upon  that  dominion  an  empire  of  force  upon  which  they  fancy  that  they  can  then  erect  an 
empire  of  gain  and  commercial  supremacy — an  empire  as  hostile  to  the  Americas  as  to  the  Europe  which 
it  will  overawe — an  empire  which  will  ultimately  master  Persia,  India,  and  the  peoples  of  the  Far  East. 
in  such  a  programme  our  ideals,  the  ideals  of  justice  and  humanity  and  liberty,  the  principles  of  the  free  self- 
determination  of  nations  upon  which  all  the  modern  world  insists,  can  play  no  part.  They  are  rejected  for 
the  Ideals  of  power,  for  the  principle  that  the  strong  must  rule  the  weak,  that  trade  must  follow  the  flag, 
whether  those  to  whom  it  is  taken  welcome  It  or  not,  that  the  peoples  ol  the  world  are  to  be  made  subject 
to  the  patronage  and  overlordship  of  those  who  have  the  power  to  enforce  it, 

"That  programme  once  carried  out,  America  and  all  who  care  or  dare  to  stand  with  her  must  arm  and 
prepare  themselves  to  contest  the  mastery  of  the  world,  a  mastery  in  which  the  rights  of  common  men, 
the  rights  of  women  and  of  all  who  are  weak,  must  for  the  time  being  be  trodden  under  loot  and  disregarded, 
and  the  old,  age-long  struggle  for  freedom  and  right  begin  again  at  its  beginning.  Everything  that  America 
has  lived  for  and  loved  and  grown  great  to  vindicate  and  bring  to  a  glorious  realization  will  have  fallen  in 
utter  ruin  and  the  gates  of  mercy  once  more  pitilessly  shut  upon  mankind  I 

"The  thing  is  preposterous  and  impossible;  and  yet  is  not  that  what  the  whole  course  and  action  of  the 
German  armies  has  meant  wherever  they  have  moved?    I  do  not  wish,  even  in  this  moment  ol  utter  dia- 


650    Presidents  ProclaTnation,  May  30,  1918,  as  a  Day  of  Prayer 


"I  ACCEPT  THE  CHALLENGE."— "FORCE  TO  THE  VTMOST."— Continued. 

iUusionment,  to  judge  harshly  or  unrighteously.    I  judge  only  what  the  German  arms  have  accompliabed 
with  unpjtying  thoroughness  throughout  every  fair  region  they  have  touched. 

"What,  then,  are  we  to  do?  For  myself,  I  am  ready,  ready  still,  ready  even  now,  to  oiscuss  a  fair  and  jost 
and  honest  peace  at  any  time  that  it  is  sincerely  purposed — ^a  peace  in  which  the  strong  and  the  weak  sikall 
fare  alike.  But  the  answer,  when  I  proposed  such  a  peace,  came  from  the  German  commanders  in  Russia, 
and  I  cannot  mistake  the  meaning  of  the  answer. 

"I  ACCEPT  THE  CHALLENGE." 

"I  accept  the  challenge.  I  Know  that  you  accept  it.  All  the  world  shall  know  that  you  accept  it.  It 
shall  appear  in  the  utter  sacrifl{;e  and  self-forgetfulness  with  which  we  shall  give  all  that  we  love  and  all 
that  we  have  to  redeem  the  world  and  make  It  fit  for  free  men  like  ourselves  to  live  in.  This  now  is  the 
meaning  of  all  that  we  do.  Let  everything  that  we  say,  my  fellow  countrymen,  everything  that  we  hence- 
forth plan  and  accomplish,  rlng/true  to  this  response  till  the  majesty  and  might  of  our  concerted  power 
shall  fiU  the  thought  and  utterly  defeat  the  force  of  those  who  flout  and  misprize  what  we  honor  and  hold 
dear.  Germany  has  once  more  said  that  force,  and  force  alone,  shall  decide  whether  justice  and  peace  shall 
reign  in  the  affairs  of  men,  whether  riglit  as  America  conceives  it  or  dominion  as  she  conceives  it  shall  de- 
termine the  destinies  of  mankind. 

"There  is,  therefore,  but  one  response  possible  from  us:  Force,  force  to  the  utmost,  force  without 
stint  or  Umit,  the  righteous  and  triumphant  force  wlilcli  shall  make  right  the  law  of  the  world,  and  cast 
every  selfish  dominion  down  in  the  dust." 

"PUT   THE   WHOLE    FORCE   OF   U.   S.    INTO   THIS  STRUGGLE," 

The  President,  on  April  G,  1018,  sent  the  following  reply  to  King  George  of  F.ngland,  to  the  latter's 
greeting  on  the  anniversary  of  America's  entrance  into  the  war.  Mr.  Wilson  cabled:  "Permit  me  to  ex- 
press the  warm  gratification  with  which  your  generous  message  has  been  received  and  to  assure  you  that  it 
is  with  the  greatest  satlslaction  that  the  people  of  the  United  States  find  themselves  side  by  side  in  this 
final  war  for  free  self-government  with  such  steadfast  and  indomitable  cissociates.  Permit  me  also  to  assure 
Your  Majesty  that  we  shall  continue  to  do  everything  pcssiblc  to  put  the  whole  force  of  the  United  States 
into  this  great  struggle." 

The  King  had  said  in  his  message:  "On  the  occasion  of  the  anniversary  of  the  momentous  decision 
of  the  United  States  to  enter  this  war  for  the  guarding  of  international  right  and  justice  I  desire  to  convRy 
to  you,  Mr.  President,  and  through  you  to  the  American  people  the  friendly  greetings  of  the  entire  British 
nation.  At  this  critical  hour  when  our  enemies  are  sparing  no  sacrifice  and  counting  no  cost  to  the  achieve- 
ment of  victory,  the  French  and  British  troops  stand  united  as  never  before  in  theh'  heroic  resistance  to  these 
endeavors.  They  are  buoyed  up  with  the  thought  that  tlie  great  democracy  of  the  west  In  the  same  spirit 
and  wUh  the  same  objects  as  their  own  Is  putting  forth  every  effort  to  throw  its  supreme  force  into  the  strugjde 
which  will  once  for  all  decide  destinies  of  free  nations  of  the  earth.  The  deeds  of  Americans  on  land  and 
sea  have  already  Indicated  to  the  enemy  that  his  hope  is  vain.  Every  day  that  passes  as  Amerlca)i  troops 
DOur  in  ever  increasing  numbere  into  France  diminishes  the  chances  of  lils  succosa.  The  American  people, 
may  rest  assured  that  the  British  Empire,  now  tried  by  nearly  four  years  of  war,  will  cheerfully  make  yet 
further  sacrifices.  The  thought  that  the  United  States  under  your  leadership  are  with  us  heart  and  soul 
emboldens  us  in  the  determination  with  God!s  help  finally  to  destroy  the  designs  of  the  enemy  and  to  re- 
establish on  earth  the  rule  of  right  and  justice  " 

U.   S.  ASSURES   GREECE   HER    RIGHTS    IN    PEACE    NEGOTIATIONS. 

Following  is  the  text  of  a  statement  issued  in  Athens,  in  April,  1918,  by  the  American  Minister  to 
Greece:  "The  people  of  the  United  States  view  with  admiration  the  unselfistmess  and  courage  with  which 
the  Greek  people,  animated  by  that  love  of  liberty  and  devotion  to  right  which  they  Imve  inherited  from  a 
long  line  of  heroic  ancestors,  are  fighting  to  preserve  the  freedom  for  which  their  patriotic  forefathers  val- 
iantly fought.  Claiming  similar  ideals  and  moved  by  the  same  principles  of  right  and  justice  the  governmeftt 
.•md  people  of  the  United  States  are  determined  that  the  fullest  possible  measure  of  assistance  shall  be  ren- 
dered to  Greece,  and  that  her  Integrity  shall  be  preserved  and  her  rights  secured  in  any  final  negotiations 
lor  peace  that  shall  take  place." 

THE   PRESIDENT   PARDONS   A   SOLDIER   SENTENCED   TO   DIE. 

If  pardoning,  on  May  4,  1918,  Private  Jeff  Cook,  Company  G,  Sixteenth  Infantry,  who  had  been  fou&d 
guilty  of  sleeping  at  his  sentry  post,  in  France,  President  Wilson  wrote  on  the  papers  in  the  case:  "In  view 
of  the  youth  of  Private  Cook,  and  the  fact  that  his  offense  seems  to  have  been  wholly  free  from  disloyalty 
or  consclotis  disregard  of  his  duty,  I  hereby  grant  him  a  full  and  unconditional  pardon,  and  direct  that  he 
report  to  his  company  for  further  miUtary  duty. 

TELLS  OF  THE  NEEDS  OF  DISCIPLINE. 
"The  needs  of  discipline  in  the  army  v.'ith  propriety  impose  grave  penalties  upon  those  who  imperil  the 
safety  of  their  fellows,  and  endanger  their  country's  cause  by  lack  of  vigilance,  or  by  infractions  of  rules 
in  which  safety  has  been  found  to  rest.  I  am  persuaded,  however,  that  this  young  man  will  take  the  restored 
opportunity  of  his  forfeited  Ufe  as  a  challenge  to  devoted  service  for  the  future,  and  that  the  soldiers  of  tie 
army  of  the  United  States  in  France  will  realize  too  keenly  the  high  character  of  the  cause  for  which  tlicy 
are  fighting,  and  the  confidence  which  their  country  reposes  in  them  to  permit  the  possibility  of  further 
danger  from  any  similar  shortcoming." 

PRESIDENT'S   PROCLAMATION,   MAY   30,   1918,  AS   A    DAY  OF   PRAYER. 

Whereas,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  on  the  second  day  of  April  last,  passed  the  following 
lesolution:  -  .  ^  ,.    , 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  (the  House  of  Representatives  concurring),  that,  it  being  a  duty  pscuharfy 
incumbent  In  a  lime  of  war  humbly  and  devoutly  to  acknowledge  our  dependence  on  Alniighty  God  and  to 
Implore  His  aid  and  protection,  the  President  of  the  United  States  be,  and  he  is  hereby,  respectfully  requested 
to  recommend  a  day  of  public  humiliation,  prayer,  and  fasting,  to  be  obsen'ed  by  the  people  of  the  Unit-ed 
States  with  religious  solemuity  and  the  oHering  of  fervent  supplications  to  Almlgh'oy  God  lor  the  safety 
and  welfare  of  our  cause.  His  blessings  on  our  arms,  and  a  speedy  restoration  of  an  honorable  and  lasting 
peace  to  the  nations  of  the  earth;  .    ^ 

And  whereas  It  has  always  been  the  reverent  habit  of  the  people  of  the  Uhited  States  to  turn  in  humble 
appeal  to  Almighty  God  for  His  guidance  in  the  affairs  of  their  common  life; 

Now,  therefore,  I,  Woodrow  Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  do  hereby  proclaim 
Thursday,  the  thirtieth  day  of  May,  a  day  already  freighted  with  sacred  and  stimulating  memories,  a  day 
Of  public  humiliation,  prayer,  and  fasting,  and  do  exhort  my  fellow  citizens  of  all  faiths  and  creeds  to  afi- 


Wilson*s  Red  Cross  Address.  651 

PRESIDENT'S  PROOLAMATION.  MAY  30,  ISls",' AS  a"  DAy"oF  I'UAYER—C^;^^;. 


y.v.wu,  .V.  .A.v,vv,iju  u,uvi  u^iciiu  a.1.  <,iiiiiso  i,uji,  uic  juau  Huu  ngiit,  ana  lo  purpose  onij-  tnose  nenteous  acts  at 

judgments  which  are  in  conformity  with  His  will;  beseeching  Him  that  He  will  give  victoFy  to  our  armies 

as  they  flght  for  freedom,  wisdom  to  those  who  take  counsel  on  our  behalf  in  these  days  of  dark  strueel- 

and  perplexity,  and  6teadfaatQ&s3  to  our  'veople  to  make  sacrifice  to  the  utmost  in  support  of  what  is  lu"- 

mercy  "^ustice^and"^  ^d  1^1  ^^^  ^^^"^  ^^  ^'^'"^  ™^"'®  beatta  can  be  at  rest  because  it  is  founded  upon 

In  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the  United  States  to  be  afflxen 

^^    t??  '"  ''"^  District,  of  Columbia  this  eleventh  day  of  May.  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  nineteen  hundred 

and  eighteen  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  the  one  hundred  and  forty-second 

By  the  President,  Woodrow  Wilson.     Ilobert  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State. 

WILSON'S   RED  CROSS   ADDRESS. 

(In  which  he  declared,  Saturday  night.  May  18,  1918,  at  New  York,  that  the  German  peace  approaches 
were  insincere  and  that  there  would  be  no  limit  on  the  size  of  the  American  army  going  to  France  Th" 
occasion  was  the  opening  of  the  Red  Cross  8100,000,000  campaign.)  j  <=.      &  .         ^ 

The  President  said;  "I  have  not  come  here  to-night  to  review  for  you  the  work  of  the  Red  Cross:  I 
am  not  competent  to  do  ao,  because  I  have  not  had  the  time  or  the  opportunity  to  follow  it  in  detail  I 
nave  come  here  simply  to  say  a  few  words  to  you  as  to  what  it  ail  seems  to  me  to  mean.  It  means  a  great 
deal.  There  are  two  duties  with  which  we  are  face  to  face.  Tlie  first  duty  is  to  win  the  war,  and  the  second 
duty,  that-^goes  hand  in  hand  with  It,  is  to  win  it  greatly  and  worthily,  showing  the  real  quality  of  our  power 
not  only,  but  the  real  quality  of  our  purpose  and  of  ourselves.  Of  course,  the  first  duty,  tlie  duty  that  we 
must  keep  in  the  foreground  of  our  thought  until  it  is  accomplished,  is  to  win  the  war.  I  have  heard,  gen- 
tlemen recently  say  that  we  must  get  5,000,000  men  ready.  Why  limit  it  to  5,000,000  I  have  asked  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  to  name  no  limit,  because  the  Congress  intends  I  am  sure,  as  we  all  intend 
that  every  ship  that  can  carry  men  or  supplies  shall  go  laden  upon  every  voyage  with  every  man  and  every 
supply  she  can  carry. 

"And  we  are  not  to  lie  diverted  from  tUc  grim  purpose  of  winning  the  war  by  any  insincere  approaches 
upon  the  subject  of  peace.  I  can  say  with  a  clear  conscience  that  I  have  tested  those  intimations,  and  have 
found  them  insincere.  I  now  recognize  them  for  what  they  are,  an  opportunity  to  have  a  free  hand,  particu- 
larly in  the  East,  to  carry  out  purposes  of  conquest  and  explotiation.  Every  proposal  with  regard  to  ac- 
commodation in  the  West  involves  a  reservation  with  regard  to  the  East.  Now,  so  far  as  I  am  concerned, 
I  Intend  to  stand  by  Russia  as  well  as  France.  The  helpless  and  the  friendless  are  the  very  ones  that  need 
trlends  and  succor,  and  If  any  man  in  Germany  thinks  we  are  going  to  sacrifice  anybody  for  our  own  sake, 
I  tell  them  now  they  are  mistaken.  For  the  glory  of  this  war,  my  fellow  citizens,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned, 
is  that  it  is,  perhaps  for  the  first  time  in  history,  an  unselfish  war.  I  could  not  be  proud  to  fight  for  a. sel- 
fish piurpose,  but  I  can  be  proud  to  fight  for  mankind.  If  they  wish  !)Oiace,  let  them  come  forward  through 
accredited  representatives  and  lay  their  terms  on  the  table.  We  have  laid  ours,  and  they  know  what  they 
are.  But  behind  all  this  grim  purpose,  my  friends,  lies  the  opportunity  to  demonstrate  not  only  force,  which 
will  be  demonstrated  to  the  utmost,  but  the  opportunity  to  demonstrate  cliaracter,  and  it  is  that  opportu- 
nity that  we  have  most  conspicuously  in  the  work  of  the  Red  Cross.  Not  that  our  men  in  arms  do  not  repre- 
sent our  character,  for  they  do;  and  it  is  a  character  which  those  wfio  see  and  realize  appreciate  and  admire, 
but  their  duty  is  the  duty  of  force.  The  duty  of  the  Red  Cross  is  the  duty  of  mercy  and  succor  and  friend- 
ship. 

"Have  you  formed  a  picture  in  your  imagination  of  what  tliis  war  is  doing  for  us  and  for  the  world? 
In  my  own  mind  I  am  convinced  that  not  a  hundred  yeare  of  peace  could  have  knitted  this  nation  together 
as  this  single  year  of  war  has  knitted  it  together,  and,  better  even  than  that  if  possible,  it  is  knitting  the 
world  together.  Look  at  the  picture:  In  the  centre  of  the  scene  four  nations  engaged  against  the  world, 
and  at  every  point  of  vantage  showing  that  they  are  seeking  selfish  aggrandizement;  and  against  them 
twenty-three  governments  representing  the  greater  part  of  the  population  of  the  v/orld  drawn  together  into 
a  new  sense  of  community  of  interest,  a  new  sense  of  community  of  purpose,  a  new  sense  of  unity  of  life 
The  Secretary  of  War  told  me  an  interesting  Incident  the  other  day.  He  said  tiiat  when  he  was  in  Italy  a 
member  of  the  Italian  government  was  explaining  to  him  the  many  reasons  why  Italy  felt  near  to  the  United 
States.  He  said,  'If  you  want  to  try  an  interesting  experiment  go  up  to  any  one  of  these  troop  trains  and 
ask  in  English  how  many  of  them  have  been  in  America,  and  see  what  happens.'  He  tried  the  experiment. 
He  went  up  to  a  troop  train  and  he  said,  'How  many  of  you  boys  have  been  in  America?"  and  he  said  it 
seemed  to  him  as  if  half  of  them  sprang  up  and  said:  'Me  from  San  Francisco,'  'Me  from  New  York — all 
over.'  There  was  part  of  the  heart  of  America  in  the  Italian  army — people  that  had  been  knitted  to  us  by 
association,  who  knew  us,  who  had  lived  among  us,  who  had  worked  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  us,  and  now, 
friends  of  America,  were  fighting  for  their  native  Italy.  Friendship  is  the  only  cement  that  will  ever  hold 
the  world  together.  And  this  intimate  contact  of  the  great  Red  Cross  with  the  peoples  v/ho  are  suffering 
the  terrors  and  deprivations  of  this  war  is  going  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  instrumentalities  of  friendship 
that  the  world  ever  knew,  and  the  centre  of  the  heart  of  it  all,  if  we  sustain  it  properly,  will  be  this  land 
that  we  60  dearly  love. 

"My  friends,  a  great  day  of  duty  has  come,  and  duty  finds  a  man's  soul  as  no  kind  of  work  can  ever 
find  it.  May  I  say  this?  The  duty  that  faces  us  ail  now  is  to  serve  one  another,  and  no  ir  .n  can  afford  to 
malce  a  fortune  out  of  this  war.  There  are  men  among  us  wlio  have  forgotten  that,  if  t)':'.''  ever  saw  it. 
Some  of  you  are  old  enough — I  am  old  enough — to  remember  men  who  made  fortunes  out  of  liic  Civil  War, 
and  you  know  how  they  were  regarded  by  their  fellow  citizens.  That  was  a  war  to  save  one  country;  this 
is  a  war  to  save  the  world.  And  your  relation  to  the  Red  Cross  is  one  of  the  relations  which  will  relieve 
you  of  the  stigma.  You  can  not  give  anything  to  the  government  of  the  United  States;  it  will  not  accept 
it.  "There  is  a  law  of  Congress  against  accepting  even  services  without  pay.  The  only  thing  that  the  govern- 
ment will  accept  is  a  loan,  and  duties  performed;  but  it  is  a  great  deal  better  to  give  than  to  lend  or  to  pay, 
and  your  great  channel  for  giving  is  the  American  Red  Cross.  Down  in  your  hearts  you  cannot  take  very 
much  satisfaction  in  the  last  analysis  in  lending  money  to  the  government  of  the  United  States,  because  the 
interest  which  you  draw  will  burn  your  pockets.  It  is  a  commercial  transaction,  and  some  men  have  even 
dared  to  cavil  at  the  rate  of  interest,  not  knowing  the  incidental  commentary  that  constitutes  upon  their 
attitude.  But  when  you  give,  sometlilng  of  your  heart,  something  of  your  soul,  something  of  yourself  goes 
with  the  gift,  particularly  when  it  is  given  in  such  form  that  it  never  can  come  back  by  way  of  direct  bene- 
fit to  yourself.  You  know  there  is  the  old  cynical  definition  of  gratitude,  as  'the  lively  expectation  of 
favors  to  come.'  Well,  there  is  no  expectation  of  favors  to  come  in  this  kind  of  giving.  These  things  are 
bestowed  in  order  that  the  world  may  be  a  fitter  place  to  live  in,  that  men  may  be  succored,  that  homes 
may  be  restored,  that  suffering  may  be  relieved,  that  the  face  of  the  earth  may  have  the  blight  of  destruc- 
tion taken  away  from  it,  and  that  wherever  force  goes  there  shall  go  mercy  and  helpfulness.  And  when  you 
give,  give  absolutely  all  that  you  can  spare,  and  do  not  consider  yourself  liberal  in  the  giving.  It  you  give 
with  self-adulation,  you  are  not  giving  at  all — you  are  giving  to  your  own  vanity.  But  if  you  give  until  it 
hurts,  then  your  heart  blood  goes  into  it.    Think  what  we  have  herel    We  call  it  the  American  Red  Cross, 


65^  "Full  Vindication  of  the  Cause  of  Freedom.'' 


PIlES;Dr;NT  WILSON  S  red   CHOSS  ADUr^CSo — CoiMnuc^l 


but  it  is  merely  a  branch  of  a  great  International  organization,  wlilch  is  not  only  recognized  by  tlie  statutes 
of  each  of  the  civilized  governments  of  the  world,  but  it  Is  recognized  by  International  agreement  and  treaty 
as  the  recognized  and  accepted  instrumentality  of  mercy  and  succor. 

"And  one  of  the  deepest  stains  that  rests  upon  the  reputation  of  the  German  army  is  that  1  hey  have 
not  respected  the  Red  Cross.  That  goes  to  the  root  of  the  matter.  They  have  not  respected  the  instru- 
mentality they  themselves  participated  in  setting  up  as  the  thing  which  no  man  was  to  touch  because  it  was 
the  expression  of  common  humanity.  We  are  members,  by  being  members  of  the  American  Red  Cross,  of 
a  great  fraternity  and  comradeship  which  extends  all  over  the  world;  and  this  cross  \rliich  these  ladies  bear 
to-day  is  an  emblem  of  Chrisiionity  itself.  It  fills  my  imagination,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  to  thinli  of  the 
women  all  over  this  country  who  are  busy  to-night  and  are  busy  every  night  and  every  day  doing  the  work 
of  the  Red  Cross,  busy  with  a  great  eagerness  to  find  out  the  most  serviceable  thing  to  do,  busy  -(^ith  a  for- 
getfulness  of  all  the  old  frivolities  of  their  social  relationships,  i-eady  to  curtail  the  duties  of  the  household 
ia  order  that  they  mcy  contribute  to  this  common  work  that  ail  their  heart"?  are  engaged  in,  and  in  doing  which 
their  hearts  become  acquainted  with  each  other.  When  you  think  of  this  you  realize  how  the  people  of  the 
United  States  are  being  drawn  together  into  a  g)'eat  intimate  family  whose  heart  is  bolng  used  for  the  ser- 
vice of  the  soldiers  not  only,  but  for  the  service  of  civilians  where  they  suifer  and  are  lost  in  a  niaiis  of  dis- 
tress and  distractions.  And  you  have,  then,  this  noble  picture  of  justice  and  mercy  as  the  two  servants  of 
liberty.  For  only  where  men  are  free  do  they  think  the  thoughts  of  comradeship;  only  where  thoy  are  free 
do  they  think  the  thoughts  of  sympathy ;  only  where  they  are  free  are  they  mutually  helpful;  oi'ly  where 
th"y  are  free  do  they  realize  their  dependence  upon  one  another  and  their  comradeship  in  a  common  interest 
and  common  necessity.  I  heard  a  story  told  the  other  day  that  was  ridiculous,  but  it  is  worth  icpeating, 
because  it  contains  the  germ  of  truth.  An  Indian  was  enlisted  in  the  array.  He  returned  to  the  re  servation 
on  a  furlough.  He  was  asked  what  he  thought  of  it.  He  said:  'No  much  good.  Too  much  ft.ilute,  not 
much  shoot.'  Then  he  was  asked :  '.4re  you  going  back?'  'Yes.'  'Well,  do  you  know  what  you  are  fight- 
ing for?'  'Yes,  me  know;  fight  to  make  whole  damn  world  Democratic  Party.'  He  had  evidently  misunder- 
stood some  innocent  sentence  of  my  own.  But  after  all,  although  there  is  no  party  purpose  in  it,  he  got  it 
right  as  far  as  the  word  'party;'  to  make  tho  whoie  world  democratic  in  the  sense  of  community  of  interest 
and  of  purpose;  and  it  you  ladles  and  gentlerarn  could  read  some  of  the  touching  despatches  which  come 
through  ofilcial  channels  (for  even  through  those  channels  there  come  voices  of  humanity  that  are  infinitely 
pathetic);  if  you  could  catch  ,<;ome  of  those  voices  that  speak  the  utter  longing  of  oppressed  and  helple.ss 
peoples  e.!l  over  the  world,  to  hear  something  like  the  Battle  Hymn  of  the  Republic,  to  hear  the  ftet  of  tho 
great  hosts  of  liberty  coming  to  set  them  free,  to  set  their  minds  free,  set  their  lives  free,  set  their  children 
free — you  would  know  what  comes  into  tho  lieart  of  those  who  are  trying  to  contriLnits  all  the  brains  and 
power  they  have  to  this  frreat  enterprise  of  liberty. 

"I  summon  you  to  the  ooinradeship.  I  .summon  you  in  this  next  v.'oek  to  say  how  much  and  how  Sin- 
cerely and  how  unanimously  you  sustain  the  heart  of  th'^  world." 

U.  S.   REJOICES  TO  BE  COMRADE  WITH   FRANCE. 

The  President  sent.  May  21,  1018,  the  following  mcs-sage  to  the  French  people  through  IMr.  James 
Kerney,  Paris  representative  of-the  Committee  on  Public  I/iformation:  "The  people  of  the  United  States 
re1oi':e  to  find  themselves  comrades  with  the  people  of  France  in  a  war  in  which  every  man  who  loves  the 
I'igUt  must  be  proud  to  take  part.  For  more  than  a  hundred  years  they  have  desired,  the  opportunity  which 
has  now  come  to  them  to  give  the  French  people  some  prooi  of  their  gratitude  and  friendship.  "There  is 
addid  now  in  their  hearts  a  deep  and  ardent  admiration  of  the  heroism  .and  devotion  which  the  people  of 
France  have  exhibited  in  this  terrible  final  grapjjle  between  liberty  and  crtiel  force.  Their  hear*s  go  with 
their  armies  to  the  bloody  fields  of  gallant  France.  They  are  your  brotlicrs  in  a  great  and  sacred  common 
cause. — rWoodrow  Wilson." 

"WITH  EVER  INCREASING  RESOLUTION  AND  FORCE." 

On  May  23,  1918,  the  President  sent  tl;e  following  mr.s.sage  to  th'-  Italian  peonle:  "I  am  suie  that  I 
am  speaking  for  the  people  of  the  United  States  In  sending  to  the  ItaUaji  people  warm  fraternal  greetings 
upoti  this  the  anniversary  of  the  entrance  of  Italy  into  this  great  war  in  which  there  is  being  fought  out 
once  tor  all  tie  irrepressible  conflict  between  free  self-government  and  the  dictation  of  force.  The  people 
of  tlte  United  States  have  looked  with  profound  interest  and  sympathy  upon  the  efforts  and  sacrifices  of  the 
Italian  people,  are  deeply  and  sincerely  interested  in  the  present  and  future  security  of  Italy,  and  .are  glad 
to  find  themselves  associated  with  a  people  to  whom  they  are  bound  by  so  many  personal  and  intimate 
ties  in  a  struggle  whose  object  is  liberation,  freedom,  the  rights  of  men  aud  nations  to  live  their  own  lives 
and  determine  their  own  fortunes,  the  rights  of  the  weak  a",  well  as  of  the  strong,  and  the  maintenance  of 
justice  by  the  irresistible  force  of  free  nations  leagued  together  in  the  defense  of  mankind.  With  ever  in- 
creasing resolution  and  force  we  shall  continue  to  stand  together  in  this  sacred  common  cause.  America 
salutes  the  gallpnt  kingdom  of  Italy  and  bids  her  godspeed. — Woodrow  Wilson." 

The  King  or  Italy,  on  the  same  daj',  cabled  to  Mr.  Wilccn:  "On  the  occasion  of  Italy's  entrance  into 
the  war.  which  your  country  is  commemorating,  I  have  the  pleasure  of  sending  to  you,  Mr.  Presi^ient,  and 
to  the  American  people  my  warm  greetings  and  those  of  the  Italian  nation.  It  is  now  three  years  since  Italy 
unsheathed  her  sword  in  the  defense  of  the  same  ideals  to  which  the  mighty  North  American  Republic 
later  brought  the  powerful  aid  of  Its  moral  and  physical  support.  The  conscience  of  the  nation  vebelling 
against  any  attempt  to  ovenrhelm,  no  matter  whence  it  might  come,  drove  Italy  to  the  side  of  the  peoples 
who  are  fighting  for  the  sacred  principles  of  right  which  we  want  to  have  embodied  in  the  liberation  of  our 
brothers  laboring  under  the  foreign  yoke  and  in  the  vindication  of  our  legitimate  right  to  live  in  safety, 
without  whlcn  no  stable  peace  can  be  secured  for  the  futme.  On  the  ficiris  of  battle  In  France  tii(>  brother- 
hood of  the  No''th  American  and  Italian  armies  has  found  Us  consecration.  May  this  be  the  happy  augury 
of  the  ever  closer  collaboration  for  the  future  of  the  two  peoples  on  the  active  path  ot  civic  progress. — Vil- 
torio  Emanuele.' 

"FULL  VINDICATION   OF  THE   CAUSE  OF   FREEDOM." 

Mn.  Wilson,  answering.  May  25,  1918,  a  cable  message  of  gratitude  from  the  King  of  Belgium,  said: 
"Your  Majesty's  generous  message  has  been  read  with  deep  pleasure  and  appreciation,  and  I  beg  to  assure 
you  that  notliing  that  the  American  Red  Cross  or  the  body  of  my  fellow  citizens  have  done  has  been  done 
more  truly  from  the  heart  than  the  aid,  all  too  little,  which  they  have  been  able  to  render  the  gallant  and 
suffering  people  of  Belgium.  We  feel  our  common  dependence  with  them  upon  the  full  vindication  of  the 
cause  cE  freedom." 

The  King  had  cabled:  "I  would  not  fail  to  take  the  opportunity  afforded  me  by  the  second  appeal 
for  funds  in  favor  of  the  American  Red  Cross  to  express  to  you  all  my  people's  gratitude  for  the  splendid 
generosity  displayed  by  the  American  nation  toward  the  oriny  and  the  civil  population  of  Belgium.  Both 
the  material  help  given  and  the  friendship  of  your  great  nation  will  always  be  remembered.  I  am  glad  to 
say  how  useful  the  work  done  by  Col.  Blcknell,  Major  Van  Pchaick,  and  the  commission  for  Belgium  has 
olreody  been  and  to  pay  a  tribute  to  their  valuable  and  eflBcient  activity.  The  relationship  between  our 
peoples,  cemented  in  this  time  of  suffering,  will  strengthen  confidence,  sympathy,  and  good  will  and  increa.se 
'ihe  devotion  of  every  citizen  of  the  allied  countries  to  the  saored  cause  of  liberty  and  justice." 


Wilson's  Address  to  Mexican  Editors.  653 


"AT  THE  CRISrS  OF  THE   WAR." 

In  asking  Congress,  at  a  joint  session,  May  27,  1918,  for  furtlier  war  taxes,  tlie  President  said:  "The 
consideration  tliat  dominates  every  otlier  now,  and  malies  every  otlier  seem  trivial  and  negligible,  is  the 
winning  of  the  war.  We  are  not  only  in  the  midst  of  the  war,  we  are  at  the  very  pealc  and  crisis  of  it 
Hundreds  of  thousands  of  our  men,  carrying  our  hearts  with  them  and  our  fortunes,  are  in  the  field,  and 
ships  are  crowding  faster  and  faster  to  the  ports  of  France  and  England  with  regiment  after  regiment, 
thousand  after  thousand,  to  Join  them  until  the  enemy  shall  be  beaten  and  brought  to  a  reckoning  with 
mankind.  There  can  be  no  pause  or  intermission.  The  great  enterprise  must,  on  the  contrary,  be  pushed 
with  greater  and  greater  energy.  The  volume  of  our  might  must  steadily  and  rapidly  be  augmented  until 
there  can  be  no  question  of  resisting  it.  If  that  is  to  be  accomplished,  gentlemen,  money  must  sustain  it 
to  the  utmost.  Our  financial  programme  must  no  more  be  left  in  doubt  or  suffered  to  lag  than  oiu-  ordnance 
programme  or  our  ship  progranune  or  our  munitions  programme  or  our  programme  for  making  millions  of 
men  ready.  These  others  are  not  programmes,  indeed,  but  mere  plans  upon  paper,  unless  there  is  to  be  an 
unquestionable  supply  of  money.  That  is  the  situation,  and  it  is  the  situation  which  creates  the  duty,  no 
choice  or  preference  of  ours.  There  is  only  one  way  to  meet  that  duty.  We  must  meet  it  without  selfish- 
ness or  fear  of  consequences.  Politics  is  adjourned.  The  elections  will  go  to  those  who  think  least  of  It; 
to  those  who  go  to  the  constituencies  without  explanations  or  excuses,  with  a  plain  record  of  duty  faithfully 
and  disinterestedly  performed,  I,  for  one,  am  always  confident  that  the  people  of  this  country  wUl  ^vea 
just  verdict  upon  the  service  of  the  men  who  act  for  them  when  the  facts  are  such  that  no  man  can  disguise 
or  conceal  them.  There  is  no  danger  of  deceit  now.  An  intense  and  pitiless  light  beats  upon  every  man 
and  every  action  in  this  tragic  plot  of  war  that  is  now  upon  the  stage.  If  lobbyists  hurry  to  Washington  to 
attempt  to  turn  what  you  do  in  the  matter  of  taxation  to  their  protection  or  advantage,  the  light  will  beat 
also  upon  them.  There  is  abundant  fuel  for  the  light  in  the  records  of  the  Treasury  with  regard  to  profit 
of  every  sort.  The  profiteering  that  can  not  be  got  at  by  the  restraints  of  conscience  and  love  of  countn' 
can  be  got  at  by  taxation.  There  is  such  profiteering  now  and  the  information  with  regard  to  it  is  available 
and  indisputable. 

*    «    *    *    * 

"Have  you  not  felt  the  spirit  of  the  Nation  rise  and  its  thought  becomg'a  single  and  common  thought 
since  these  eventfiU  days  came  in  which  we  have  been  sending  our  boys  to  the  oth^  side?  I  think  you  must 
read  that  thought,  as  I  do,  to  mean  this,  that  the  people  of  tlUs  coimtry  are  not  only  united  in  the  resolute 
purpose  to  win  this  war,  but  are  ready  and  willing  to  bear  any  burden  and  undergo  any  sacrifice  that  it 
may  be  necessary  for  them  to  bear  in  order  to  win  it.  We  need  not  be  afraid  to  tax  them,  if  we  lay  taxe.-i 
justly.  They  know  that  the  war  must  be  paid  for  and  that  it  is  they  who  must  pay  for  it,  and  if  the  burden 
is  justly  distributed  and  the  sacrifice  made  a  common  sacrifice  from  which  none  escape  who  can  bear  it  at 
all,  they  will  carry  it  cheerfully  and  with  a  sort  of  solemn  pride.  I  have  always  been  proud  to  be  an  Ameri- 
can, and  was  never  more  proud  than  now,  when  all  that  we  have  said  and  all  that  we  have  foreseen  about 
our  people  is  coming  true.  The  great  days  have  come  when  the  only  thing  that  they  ask  for  or  admire  ia 
duty  greatly  and  adequately  done;  when  their  only  wish  for  America  is  that  she  may  share  the  freedom  she 
enjoys;  when  a  great,  compelling  sympathy  wells  up  in  their  hearts  for  men  everywhere  who  sufler  and 
are  oppressed;  and  when  they  see  at  last  the  high  uses  lor  which  their  wealth  has  been  piled  up  and  their 
mighty  power  accumulated  and,  counting  neither  blood  nor  treasure  now  that  their  final  day  of  opportunity 
has  come,  rejoice  to  spend  and  to  be  spent  tlirough  a  long  night  of  suffering  and  terror  in  order  that  they 
and  men  everywhere  may  see  the  dawn  of  a  day  of  righteousness  and  justice  and  peace.  Shall  we  grow 
weary  when  they  bid  us  act? 

"May  I  add  this  word,  gentlemen?  Just  as  I  was  leaving  the  White  House  I  was  told  that  the  expecterl 
drive  on  the  western  front  had  apparently  begun.  You  can  realize  how  that  solemnized  my  feeling  as  I 
came  to  you  and  how  It  seemed  to  strengthen  the  purpose  which  I  have  tried  to  express  in  these  lines.  I 
have  admired  the  work  of  this  session.  The  way  in  which  the  two  houses  of  the  Congress  iiave  co-operated 
with  the  Executive  has  been  generous  and  admirable,  and  it  is  not  in  any  spirit  of  suggesting  duty  neglected, 
but  only  to  remind  you  of  the  common  cause  and  the  common  obligation,  that  I  have  ventured  to  come 
to  you,  to-day." 

"INDIVIDUAL  THRIFT  A   PATRIOTIC   DUTY." 

The  President  said.  May  30,  1918,  in  an  appeal  to  the  people  to  buy  Liberty  bonds  and  War  Savinr.'i 
Stamps:  "This  war  is  one  of  nations — not  of  armies — and  aU  of  our  one  hundred  million  people  must  Ij;; 
economically  and  industrially  adjusted  to  war  conditions  if  this  nation  is  to  play  its  full  part  in  the  conflict. 
The  problem  before  us  is  not,  primarily,  a  financial  problem,  but  rather  a  problem  of  increased  productiOii 
of  war  essentials  and  the  saving  of  the  materials  and  the  labor  necessary  for  the  support  and  equipment  of 
our  army  and  navy.  Thoughtless  expenditure  of  money  for  non-essentials  uses  up  the  labor  of  men,  the  prod- 
ucts of  the  farm,  mines,  and  factories,  and  overburdens  transportation,  all  of  which  must  be  used  to  the  ut- 
most and  at  their  best  for  war  purposes.  The  great  results  which  we  seek  can  be  obtained  only  by  the  par- 
ticipation of  every  member  of  the  Nation,  young  and  old,  in  a  national  concerted  thrift  movement.  I  there- 
fore urge  that  our  people  everywhere  pledge  themselves,  as  suggested  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  to 
the  practice  of  thrift;  to  serve  the  Government  to  their  utmost  in  increasing  production  in  all  fields  neces- 
sary to  the  winning  of  the  war;  to  conserve  food  and  fuel  and  useful  materials  of  every  kind;  to  devote  their 
labor  only  to  the  mo.st  necessary  tasks;  and  to  buy  only  those  things  which  are  essential  to  individual  health 
and  efficiency;  and  that  the  people,  as  evidence  of  their  loyalty,  invest  all  that  they  can  save  in  Liberty  bonds 
and  War  Savings  Stamps.  The  securities  issued  by  the  Treasury  Department  are  so  many  of  them  within 
the  reach  of  every  one  that  the  door  of  opportunity  in  this  matter  is  wide  open  to  all  of  us. 

"To  practice  thrift  in  peace  times  is  a  virtue  and  brings  great  benefit  to  the  individual  at  all  times: 
with  the  desperate  need  of  the  civilized  world  to-day  for  materials  and  labor  with  which  to  end  the  war,  the 
practice  of  individual  thrift  is  a  patriotic  duty  and  a  necessity." 


WILSON'S  ADDRESS  TO  MEXICAN   EDITORS. 

Following  is  the  text  of  the  President's  speech,  at  the  AVhite  House,  June  7,  1918,  to  a  party  of  Mexi- 
can editors:  "Gentlemen,  I  have  never  received  a  group  of  men  who  were  more  welcome  than  you  are, 
because  it  has  been  one  of  my  distresses  during  the  period  of  my  Presidency  that  the  Mexican  people  did  not 
more  thoroughly  understand  the  attitude  of  the  United  States  toward  Mexico.  I  think  I  can  assure  you, 
and  I  liope  you  have  had  every  evidence  of  the  truth  of  my  assurance,  that  that  attitude  is  one  of  sincere 
friendship.  And  not  merely  the  sort  of  friendship  which  prompts  one  not  to  do  his  neighbor  any  harm,  but 
the  sort  of  friendship  which  earnestly  desires  to  do  his  neighbor  service.  My  own  policy,  the  policy  of  my 
own  administration,  toward  Mexico  was  at  every  point  based  upon  this  principle,  that  the  internal  settle- 
ment of  the  affairs  of  Mexico  was  none  Of  our  business;  that  we  had  no  right  to  interfere  with  or  to  dictate 
to  Mexico  in  any  particular  with  regard  to  her  own  affairs.  Take  an  aspect  of  our  relations  which  at  one 
time  may  have  been  difficult  for  you  to  understand:  When  we  sent  troops  into  Mexico,  oiu-  sincere  desire 
was  nothing  else  than  to  assist  you  to  get  rid  of  a  man  who  was  making  the  settlement  of  your  affairs  for 
the  time  being  impossible.   We  had  no  desire  to  ase  our  troops  lor  any  other  purpose,  and  I  was  in  hopes  that 


654  Wilson* s  Address  to  Mexican  Editors— Coniinued. 

l;y  assisting  in  that  way  and  then  Immediately  withdrawing  I  might  give  substantial  proof  of  the  trutli  of  the 
i.ssmanc«s  that  1  had  given  your  government  through  President  Carranza. 

"And  at  the  present  time  it  distresses  me  to  learn  that  certain  influences,  which  I  assimie  to  be  German 
la  tlieir  origin,  are  trying  to  make  a  wrong  impression  throughout  Mexico  as  to  the  purpose  of  the  United 
ytates,  and  not  only  a  wrong  impression,  but  to  give  an  absolutely  untrue  account  of  things  that  happen. 
You  know  the  distressing  tilings  that  have  been  happening  just  off  our  coasts.  You  know  of  the  vessels  that 
liave  been  sunk.  I  yesterday  received  a  quotation  from  a  paper  In  Guadalajara  which  stated  that  thirteen 
of  our  battleslilps  had  been  sunk  off  the  capes  of  the  Chesapeake.  You  see  how  dreadful  it  is  to  have  people 
so  radically  misinformed.  It  was  added  that  our  Navy  Department  was  withholding  the  truth  with  re- 
ijard  to  these  sinkings.  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  pubUsher  of  the  paper  published  that  in  perfect  Innocence 
without  intending  to  convey  wrong  impressions,  but  it  is  evident  that  allegations  of  that  sort  proceed  from 
I  hose  who  wish  to  make  trouble  between  Mexico  and  the  United  States. 

"Now,  gentlemen,  for  the  time  being,  at  any  rate — and  I  hope  It  will  not  be  a  short  time — the  Influ- 
cnce  of  the  United  States  is  somewhat  pervasive  in  the  affairs  of  the  world,  and  I  believe  that  it  Is  pervasive 
because  the  nations  of  the  world  which  are  less  powerful  than  some  of  the  greatest  nations  are  coming  to 
believe  that  our  sincere  desire  is  to  do  disinterested  service,  '^"e  are  the  champions  of  those  nations  which 
have  not  had  a  military  standing  which  would  enable  them  to  compete  with  the  strongest  nations  In  the 
world,  and  I  look  forward  with  pride  to  the  time,  which  I  hope  will  soon  come,  when  we  can  give  substan- 
tval  evidence,  not  only  that  we  do  not  want  anything  out  of  this  war,  but  tliat  we  would  not  accept  any- 
tliing  out  of  it,  that  it  is  absolutely  a  case  of  disinterested  action.  And  if  you  will  watch  the  attitude  of  our 
people,  you  will  see  that  nothing  stirs  them  so  deeply  as  assurances  that  this  war,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned, 
ia  for  Idealistic  objects.  One  of  the  difficulties  that  I  experienced  during  the  first  three  years  of  the  war — 
the  years  when  the  United  States  was  not  in  the  war — was  in  getting  the  Foreign  Offices  of  European  nations 
to  believe  that  the  United  Stales  was  seeking  nothing  for  herself,  that  her  neutrality  was  not  selfish,  and 
that  if  she  came  in,  she  would  not  come  in  to  get  anything  substantial  out  of  the  war,  any  material  object, 
any  tenitory,  or  trade,  or  anything  else  of  that  sort.  In  some  of  the  Foreign  Offices  there  were  men  who  per- 
Bonally  knew  me  and  they  believed,  I  hope,  that  I  was  sincere  in  assuring  them  that  our  purposes  wore  dis- 
interested, but  they  thought  that  these  assurances  came  from  an  academic  gentleman  removed  from  the 
ordinary  sources  of  information  and  speaking  the  Idealistic  purjjoses  of  the  cloister.  They  did  not  believe 
that  I  was  speaking  the  real  heart  of  the  American  people,  and  I  knew  all  along  that  I  was.  Now  I  believe 
that  everybody  who  comes  into  contact  with  the  American  people  knows  that  I  am  speaking  their  purposes. 

RUSSIA. 

"The  other  night  in  New  York,  at  the  opening  of  the  campaign  for  funds  for  our  Red  Cross,  I  made  an 
r.ddress.  I  had  not  Intended  to  refer  to  Russia,  but  I  was  speaking  without  notes  and  In  the  course  of  what 
J  said  my  own  thought  was  led  to  Russia,  and  1  said  that  we  meant  to  stand  by  Russia  just  as  firmly  as 
Me  would  stand  by  France  or  England  or  any  other  of  the  Allies.  The  audience  to  which  I  was  speaking  was 
not  an  audience  from  which  I  would  have  expected  an  enthusiastic  response  to  that.  It  was  rather  too  well 
dressed.  It  was  not  an  audience,  in  other  words,  made  of  the  class  of  people  whom  you  would  suppose  to 
have  the  most  intimate  feeling  for  the  suft'erlngs  of  the  ordinary  man  In  Russia,  but  that  audience  jumped 
into  the  aisles,  the  whole  audience  rose  to  its  feet,  and  nothing  that  I  had  said  on  that  occasion  aroused 
anything  like  the  enthusiasm  that  that  single  sentence  aroused.  Now,  there  is  a  sample,  gentlemen.  We  can 
not  make  anything  out  of  Russia.  We  can  not  make  anything  out  of  standing  by  Russia  at  this  lime — 
the  most  remote  of  the  Em'opean  nations,  so  far  as  we  are  concerned,  the  one  with  which  we  have  had  the 
least  connections  In  trade  and  advantage — and  yet  tiie  people  of  the  United  States  rose  to  that  stiggestion 
as  to  no  other  that  I  made  in  that  address.  Thrit  is  the  heart  of  America,  and  we  are  ready  to  show  you 
by  ajiy  act  of  friendship  that  you  may  propose  our  real  feelings  toward  Mexico. 

"Some  of  us,  if  I  may  say  so  privately,  look  back  with  regret  upon  some  of  the  more  ancient  relations 
that  we  have  had  with  Mexico  long  before  our  generation;  and  America,  if  I  may  so  express  it,  would  now 
feel  ashamed  to  take  advantage  of  a  neighbor.  So  I  hope  that  yo^i  can  cany  back  to  your  homes  something 
better  than  the  assurances  of  words.  You  have  had  contact  with  our  people.  You  know  your  own  per- 
sonal reception. .  You  know  how  gladly  we  have  opened  to  you  the  doors  of  every  establishment  that  you 
wanted  to  see  and  have  shown  you  just  what  we  were  doing,  and  I  hope  you  have  gained  the  right  impres- 
sion as  to  why  we  were  doing  it.  We  are  doing  it,  gentlemen,  so  that  the  world  may  never  hereafter  have 
to  fear  the  only  thing  that  any  nation  has  to  dre.".d,  the  imjust  and  selfish  aggression  of  another  nation. 
Some  time  ago.  as  you  probably  all  know,  I  proposed  a  sort  of  Pan-American  agreement.  I  had  perceived 
that  one  of  the  difficulties  of  our  relationship  with  Latin  America  was  this:  The  famous  Monroe  Doctrine 
was  adopted  without  your  consent,  without  the  consent  of  any  of  the  Central  or  South  American  states. 

"If  I  may  express  it  in  the  terms  that  v/e  so  often  use  in  this  country,  we  said,  '\Ve  are  going  to  be  your 
big  brother,  whether  you  want  us  to  be  or  not.'  Wc  did  not  ask  whether  it  was  agreeable  to  you  tiiat  we 
should  be  your  big  brother.  We  said  we  were  going  to  be.  Now,  that  was  all  very  well  so  far  as  protecting 
you  from  aggression  from  the  other  side  of  the  water  was  concerned,  but  there  was  nothing  in  it  that  pro- 
tected you  from  aggression  from  us,  and  I  have  repeatedly  seen  the  uneasy  feeling  on  the  part  of  represen- 
tatives of  the  states  of  Central  and  South  America  that  our  self-appointed  protection  might  be  for  our  own 
benefit  and  our  own  interests  and  not  for  the  interest  of  our  neighbors.  So  I  said,  'Very  well,  let  us  make 
an  arrangement  by  which  we  will  give  bond.  Let  us  have  a  common  guarantee,  that  all  of  us  will  sign, 
of  political  Independence  and  territorial  integrity.  Let  us  agree  that  il  any  one  of  us,  the  United  States  in- 
cluded, violates  the  political  Indepondence  or  the  territorial  integrity  of  any  of  the  others,  all  the  otliera 
win  jiunp  on  her.  I  pointed  out  to  some  of  the  gentlemen  who  were  less  inclined  to  enter  into  this  arrange- 
ment than  others  that  that  was  In  effect  giving  bonds  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  that  we  would  enter 
into  an  arrangement  by  which  you  would  be  protected  from  us. 

"Now,  that  Is  the  kind  of  agreement  that  will  have  to  be  the  foundation  of  the  future  life  of  the  nations 
of  the  world,  gentlemen.  The  whole  family  of  nations  will  have  to  guarantee  to  each  nation  that  no  nation 
shall  violate  its  political  indeoeudenoe  or  its  territorial  Integrity.  That  is  the  ba.'iis,  tl:e  only  conceivable 
basis,  for  the  future  peace  of  the  world,  and  I  must  admit  that  I  was  ambitious  to  have  the  states  of  tlie 
two  continents  of  America  show  the  way  to  the  rest  of  the  world  as  to  how  to  make  a  basis  of  peace.  r*eace 
can  come  only  by  trust.  As  long  as  there  is  suspicion  there  is  going  to  be  misunder^itanding,  and  ns  long 
as  there  is  misunderstanding  there  is  going  to  be  trouble.  If  you  can  once  get  a  situation  of  trust  then  you 
have  got  a  situation  of  permanent  peace.  Therefore,  every  one  of  us.  It  seems  to  me,  owes  it  as  a  pati'lotic 
duty  to  Ms  own  coimtry  to  plant  the  seeds  of  trust  and  of  confidence  instead  of  the  see<is  of  suspicion  and 
variety  of  interest.  That  is  the  reason  that  I  began  by  saying  to  you  that  I  have  not  had  the  pleasure  of 
meeting  a  group  of  men  who  were  more  welcome  than  you  are,  because  you  are  our  near  neighbors.  Suspic- 
ion on  your  part  or  misunderstanding  on  yom-  part  distresses  us  more  than  we  would  be  distressed  by  simi- 
lar feelings  on  the  part  of  those  less  nearby. 

"When  you  reflect  how  wonderful  a  storehouse  of  ti-easure  Mexico  is,  you  can  see  how  her  future  must 
depend  upon  peace  and  honor,  so  that  nobody  shall  exploit  her.  It  must  depend  upon  every  nation  that 
has  any  relations  with  her,  and  the  citizens  of  any  nation  that  has  relations  with  her.  keeping  within  the 
bounds  of  honor  and  fair  dealing  and  justice,  because  so  soon  as  you  can  admit  your  own  capital  and  the 
capital  of  the  world  to  the  free  use  of  the  resources  of  iVIexico,  it  will  be  one  of  the  most  wonderfully  rich 
and  prosperous  coimtries  in  the  world.  And  when  you  have  the  foundations  of  established  order,  and  the 
world  has  come  to  Its  senses  again,  we  shall,  I  hope,  have  the  very  best  connections  that  will  assiue  us  all 
a  permanent  cordiality  and  friendship." 


AsJcs  Employers  to  Recruit  Labor  Through  Federal  Agencies.    655 


MEXICAN   OIL   LANDS   COMPLAINT. 

When  the  text  of  the  President's  address  to  the  Mexican  editors  was  telegraphed  to  Mexico  City, 
some  of  the  newspapers  there  complained  that  the  sentiments  did  not  agree  with  those  contained  In  a  note 
which  the  American  Ambassador,  Henry  P.  Fletcher,  had  delivered  to  the  Mexican  Govei^iment  on  April 
2,  1918,  protesting  against  the  new  Mexican  tax  on  oil  lands  and  on  oil  contracts  prior  to  May4,  1917,  under 
a  decree  of  February  19,  1918.  To  this  complaint  the  State  Department  at  Washington  made  answer  in 
a  public  statement,  saying:  "An  examination  of  the  note  proves  that  all  that  the  United  States  asks  for 
Its  citizens  who  have  made  investments  in  Mexico,  relying  on  the  good  faith  and  justice  of  the  Mexican  Gov- 
ernment and  Mexican  laws,  is  justice  and  fair  dealing.  There  is  no  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  United 
States  Government  to  interfere  in  the  internal  affairs  of  Mexico.  However,  the  seizure  of  property  at  the 
will  of  the  sovereign  without  due  legal  process  equitably  administered  and  without  provision  for  just  com- 
pensation has  always  been  regarded  as  a  denial  of  justice  and  a  cause  lor  diplomatic  representation.  The 
President  in  his  speech  referring  to  Mexico's  future  said:  'It  must  depend  upon  every  nation  that  has  any 
relations  with  her,  and  the  citizens  of  any  nation  that  has  relations  with  her,  keeping  within  the  bounds  of 
Uonor  and  fair  dealing  and  justice,  because  so  soon  as  you  can  admit  your  own  capital  and  the  capital  of  the 
world  to  the  free  use  of  the  resources  of  Mexico  it  will  be  one  of  the  most  wonderfully  rith  and  prosperous 
countries  in  the  world.'  The  President  further  pointed  out  that  the  basis  for  the  future  relations  of  nations 
was  trust,  and  said:  'As  long  as  there  is  suspicion  there  is  going  to  be  misunderstanding,  and  as  long  as 
there  is  misunderstanding  there  is  going  to  be  trouble.  If  you  can  once  get  a  situation  of  trust  then  you  have 
got  a  situation  of  permanent  peace.'  The  United  States  always  desires  to  accord  to  the  Mexican  Government 
and  people  justice  and  fair  dealing,  and  it  Is  confident  that  it  will  be  accorded  the  same  justice  and  the  same 
fair  dealing  In  return." 

Secretary  Lansing  at  the  same  time  made  public  Ambassador  Fletcher's  note  to  President  Carranza, 
in  which  the  former  asserted  that  the  imposition  of  a  tax  on  the  surface  of  oil  lands,  together  with  the  sepa- 
rate and  additional  tax  on  the  rents,  royalties  and  production  derived  therefrom,  was  a  move  toward,  if 
not  actual,  confiscation  of  American  oil  interests  in  Mexico. 


"NO    INTRIGUES   OF  THE   ENEMY  CAN    EVER    DIVIDE  OUR   UNITY." 

In  a  telegram,  June  10,  1918,  to  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  convention,  at  St.  Paul,  President 
Wilson  said:  "Please  convey  to  the  thirty-eighth  annual  convention  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor 
my  congratulations  upon  the  patriotic  support  which  the  members  of  your  organization  have  given  to  the 
war  programme  of  the  nation  in  the  past  year,  not  only  in  the  trenches  and  on  the  battlefield,  where  so 
many  of  our  younger  men  are  now  in  uniform,  but  equally  in  the  factories  and  shipyards  and  workshops 
of  the  country,  where  the  army  is  supported  and  supplied  by  the  loyal  industry  of  your  skilled  craftsmen. 
We  are  facing  the  hardships  of  the  crucial  months  of  the  struggle.  The  nation  can  face  them  confidently, 
assured,  now,  that  no  intrigues  of  the  enemy  can  ever  divide  our  unity  by  means  of  those  industrial  quan-els, 
and  class  dissensions  which  he  has  tried  so  diligently  to  foment.  In  these  days  of  trial  and  self-sacriflce  the 
American  workingman  is  bearing  his  share  of  the  national  burden  nobly.  In  the  new  world  of  peace  and 
freedom  which  America  is  fighting  to  establish  his  place  will  be  as  honored  and  his  service  as  gratefully 
esteemed."  

"JUSTICE    IS   OF   THE    ESSENCE   OF    NATIONAL    DEFENSE." 

In  a  telegram,  June  10,  1918,  to'  the  convention  at  St.  Paul  of  the  American  Alliance  for  Labor  and 
Democracy,  President  Wilson  said:  "The  war  can  be  lost  in  America  as  well  as  on  the  fields  of  France, 
and  ill-considered  or  imjustlfled  interruptions  of  the  essential  labor  of  the  country  may  make  it  Impossible 
to  win  it.  No  controversy  between  capital  and  labor  should  be  suffered  to  interrupt  it  untU'every  instru- 
mentality set  up  by  the  Government  for  its  amicable  settlement  has  been  wnployed  and  its  Intermediation 
heeded  to  the  utmost;  and  the  Government  has  set  up  instrumentalities  wholly  fair  and  adequate.  And 
this  duty  to  avoid  such  interruptions  of  industry  wherever  tiiey  can  be  avoided  without  the  actual  sacrlflco 
of  essential  rights  rests  upon  the  employer  as  imperatively  as  upon  the  workman.  No  man  can  afford  to 
do  injustice  at  any  time,  but  at  this  time  justice  is  of  the  essence  of  national  defense,  and  contests  for  any 
sort  of  advantage  that  at  other  times  would  be  justified  may  now  jeopard  the  very  life  of  the  Nation." 


WILSON    ON   WOMAN    SUFFRAGE— FAVORING   THE   SAME. 

The  President,  in  answering,  June  13,  1918  (through  Mrs.  Carrie  Chapman  Catt,  head  of  the  National 
American  Woman  Suffrage  Association,  the  memorial  of  the  French  Union  for  Woman  Suffrage  Union 
Francaise  Nour  le  Suffrage  des  Dames),  presented  to  him  February  1,  1918,  said:  "I  have  read  your  mes- 
sage with  the  deepest  interest  and  I  welcome  the  opportunity  to  say  that  I  agree  without  reservation  that 
the  full  and  sincere  demopratic  reconstruction  of  the  world  for  which  we  are  striving,  and  which  we  are 
determined  to  bring  about  at  any  cost,  will  not  have  been  completely  or  adequately  attained  until  women 
are  admitted  to  the  suffrage,  and  that  only  by  that  action  can  the  nations  of  the  world  realize  for  the  bene- 
fit of  future  generations  the  full  Ideal  force  of  opinion,  or  the  full  humane  forces  of  action.  The  services  of 
women  during  tliis  supreme  crisis  of  the  world's  history  have  been  of  the  most  signal  usefulness  and  dis- 
tinction. The  war  could  not  have  been  fought  without  them,  or  its  sacrifices  endured.  It  is  high  time  that 
some  part  of  our  debt  of  gratitude  to  them  should  be  acknowledged  and  paid,  and  the  only  acknowledgment 
they  ask  is  their  admission  to  the  suffrage.  Can  we  justly  refuse  it?  As  for  America,  it  is  my  earnest  hope 
that  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  will  give  an  unmistakable  answer  to  this  question  by  passing  the  suf- 
frage amendment  to  our  Federal  Constitution  before  the  end  of  this  session." 


"FORCES  OF  FREEDOM  MADE  OVERWHELMING." 

President  Wilson  cabled  as  follows.  June  14,  1918,  to  President  Poincare  of  France,  answering  the 
latter's  congratulations  on  Gen.  Pershing's  achievements:  "I  am  sure  that  I  am  expressing  the  feeling  of 
the  people  of  the  United  States  as  well  as  my  own  when  I  say  that  it  is  with  increasing  pride  and  gratifica- 
tion that  they  have  seen  their  forces  under  Gen.  Pershing  more  and  more  actively  co-operating  with  the 
forces  of  liberation  on  French  soil.  It  is  their  fixed  and  unalterable  purpose  to  send  men  and  materials  in 
steady  and  increasing  volume  until  any  temporary  inequality  of  force  is  entirely  overcome  and  the  forces 
of  freedom  made  overwhelming,  for  they  are  convinced  that  it  is  only  by  victory  that  peace  can  be  achieved 
and  the  world's  affairs  settled  upon  a  basis  of  enduring  justice  and  right.  It  is  a  constant  fatisfactioa  to 
them  to  know  that  in  this  great  enterprise  they  are  in  close  and  intimate  co-operation  with  the  people  of 
France."  [ 

ASKS   EMPLOYERS  TO   RECRUIT   LABOR  THROUGH    FEDERAL  AGENCIES. 

The  President,  in  a  public  statement,  June  17.  1918,  asked  employers  to  recruit  labor  only  through 
the  United  States  Employment  Service  of  the  Department  of  Labor,  said:  "For  more  than  a  year  it  has 
been  our  pride  that  not  our  armies  and  navies  only  but  our  whole  people  is  engaged  in  a  righteous  war. 
We  have  said  repeatedly  that  industry  plays  as  essential  and  honorable  a  role  in  this  great  struggle  as  do 


656  Germany's  Ideas  in  June,  191 S,  as  to  Peace  Terms. 

ASKS  EMPLOYERS  TO  RECRUIT  LABOR  THROUGH  FEDERAL  AGENCIES— Co^inwed. 


our  military  armaments.  We  all  recognize  the  truth  ol  this,  but  we  must  also  8ee  Its  necessary  ImDlicationa 
— namely,  that  industry,  doing  a  vital  task  for  the  nation,  must  receive  the  support  and  assistance  o/  the 
nation.  We  must  recognize  that  it  is  a  natural  demand — almost  a  right  of  anyone  serving  his  country, 
whether  employer  or  employee,  to  know  that  his  service  Is  being  used  In  the  most  effective  manner  pos- 
sible. In  the  case  of  labor  this  wholesome  desire  has  been  not  a  little  thwarted  owing  to  the  changed  con- 
ditions which  war  has  created  In  the  labor  marlcet.  There  has  been  much  confusion  as  to  essential  prod- 
ucts. There  has  been  ignorance  of  conditions — men  have  gone  hundreds  of  miles  in  search  of  a  job  and 
wages  which  they  might  have  found  at  their  doors.  Employers  holding  government  contracts  of  the  high- 
est importance  have  competed  for  workers  with  holders  of  similar  contracts,  and  even  with  the  govern- 
ment itseli,  and  have  conducted  expensive  campaigns  for  recruiting  labor  iu  sections  where  the  supply  of 
labor  was  already  exhausted.  California  draws  its  unskilled  labor  from  as  far  east  .as  Buffalo,  and  Now  York 
from  as  far  west  as  tlie  Mississippi.  Tims  labor  has  been  induced  to  move  fruitlessly  from  one  place  to 
another,  congesting  the  railways  and  losing  both  time  and  money. 

"Such  a  condition  is  unfair  alike  to  employer  and  employee,  but  most  of  all  to  the  nation  itself,  whose 
existence  is  threatened  by  any  decrease  in  its  productive  power.  It  is  obvious  that  this  situation  can  be 
clarified  and  equalized  by  a  central  agency — the  United  States  Employment  Service  ol  the  Department 
of  Labor,  with  the  counsel  of  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board — as  the  voice  of  all  ths  industrial  agencies  of 
the  government.  Such  a  central  agency  must  have  sole  direction  ol  all  recruiting  of  civilian  workers  in 
war  work:  and,  in  taking  over  this  great  responsibility,  must  at  the  same  time  have  power  to  assiu-e  to  es- 
sential industry  an  adeciuate  supply  of  labor,  even  to  the  extent  of  withdrawing  workers  from  non-essential 
production.  It  must  also  protect  labor  from  insincere  and  thoughtless  appeals'  made  to  it  under  the  plea 
of  patriotism,  and  assure  it  that  when  it  is  asked  to  voUmteer  in  some  priority  Industry  the  need  is  real. 

"Therefore,  I,  Woodrow  Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  solemnly  urge  all  em- 
ployers engaged  in  war  work  to  refrain  after  August  1,  1918,  from  recruiting  unskilled  labor  in  any  manner, 
except  through  this  central  agency.  1  urge  labor  to  respond  as  loyally  as  heretofore  to  any  calls  issued  by 
this  agency  for  voluntary  enlistment  in  essential  industry.  And  I  ask  them  both  alike  to  remember  that 
no  sacrifice  will  have  been  in  vain,  if  we  are  able  to  prove  beyond  ail  question  that  the  highest  and  best 
form  of  efficiency  is  the  spontaneous  co-operation  of  a  free  people." 


GERMANY'S   IDEAS     IN   JUNE,  1918,   AS  TO   PEACE   TERMS. 

THE  following  statement  in  the  Reichstag.  Jime  24,  by  Foreign  Secretary  von  Kiiljlmann,  in  a  debate 
on  the  budget,  was  followed  July  4  by  President  Wilson's  "no  compromise"  declarations  to  the  diplomatic 
corps  at  Mount  Vernon.     Dr.  von  Kiihlmann  said  in  his  speech  on  the  budget: 

"At  no  moment  of  our  later  history  was  there  less  occasion  for  us  to  start  or  contribute  to  the  starting 
of  a  conflagration  than  the  moment  in  which  it  occurred.  In  a  former  debate  I  pointed  out  that  the  abso- 
lute integrity  of  the  German  Empire  and  its  allies  formed  the  necessary  prerequisite  condition  for  entering 
into  a  peace  discussion  or  negotiations.  That  Is  our  position  to-day.  From  England  the  reproach  is  con- 
stantly made  that  we  are  not  prepared  on  a  hint  from  ICngland  to  state  our  attitude  publicly  on  the  Belgian 
question.  On  this  point  the  fundamental  views  ol  the  Imperial  Government  differ  from  those  ascribed 
to  us  by  English  statesmen.  We  regard  Belgium  as  one  question  in  the  entire  complex.  We  must,  how- 
ever, decline  to  make,  as  It  were,  a  prior  concession  by  giving  a  statement  on  the  Belgian  question  which 
would  bind  us  without  in  the  least  binding  the  enemy.  Despite  the  brilliant  successes  of  our  arms,  there 
has  been  nowhere  clearly  recognizable  among  oiu-  enemies  any  readines.s  for  peace.  The  German  Govern- 
ment has  repeatedly  laid  down  its  standpoint  in  declarations  intended  for  the  widest  publicity.  Our 
enemies  have  nothing  to  show  that  can  in  any  degree  compare  with  the  German  peace  offer,  with  tlie  reso- 
lution of  this  house,  or  with  the  reply  to  the  Papal  note. 

"The  declarations  of  our  enemies,  especially  of  English  statesmen,  allow  as  yet  no  peaceful  ray  of  light 
to  fall  on  the  darkness  of  this  war.  I  do  not  believe  that  any  responsible  man  in  Germany,  not  even  the 
Kaiser  or  the  member  ol  the  Imperial  Government,  even  for  a  moment  believed  they  could  win  the  domi- 
nation in  Europe  by  starting  this  war.  The  idea  of  world  domination  in  Europe  is  a  Utopia,  as  proved  by 
Napoleon.  The  nation  which  tried  it  would,  as  happened  to  France,  bleed  ito  death  in  useless  battle  and 
would  be  most  grievously  injured  and  lowered  in  her  development.  One  may  here  apply  von  Moltke's 
phrase,  'Woe  to  him  who  sets  Europe  afire.'  Mr.  Balfour,  moreover,  by  way  of  precaution,  has  added  that 
we  must  in  no  way  imagine  that  any  agreement  on  the  Belgian  question  exhausts  the  stock  of  English  or 
ICntente  wishes.  He  prudently  abstained  from  describing  those  points  in  which  he  intends  to  announce 
more  far-reaching  claims  or  desires.  The  supposition  is  not  unjustified  by  previous  experiences  that  while 
these  words  on  the  one  hand  were  addressed  to  Paris,  on  the  other  hand  covetous  desires  floated  across 
the  Mediterranean  to  the  parts  of  Palestine  and  Mesopotamia  at  present  occupied  by  the  British  troops. 
I  hear  already  the  justilicatiou  which  will  be  duly  given  for  such  desucs,  namely,  that  England  could  not 
possibly  make  such  sacrifices  of  blood  and  treasure  without  reserving  for  herself  most  of  the  gains. 

"As  regards  the  probable  course  of  events,  the  Imperial  Chancellor  and  I  have  previously  declared  that 
la  the  present  stage  ol  development  far-going  advances  on  the  road  to  peace  can  hardly  any  longer  be  ex- 
pected from  public  statements  which  we  shout  to  each  other  from  tiie  speakers'  tribune.  We  loo  can 
adopt  the  words  spoken  by  Mr.  Asquitli.  (Mr.  Asquith  said  Great  Britain  would  listen  to  peace  proposals 
not  In  ambiguous  term.s.)  We  llkewiBe  can  m.ake  the  same  declaration,  knowing  that  it  is  also  our  policy. 
<.>nce  the  moment  arrives — when,  I  cannot  prophesy — that  the  nations  which  are  at  present  locked  in  battle 
\,1I1  exchange  peace  views,  one  of  the  preliminary  conditions  must  be  a  certain  degree  of  mutual  confidence 
in  each  other's  honesty  and  cliivalry.  For  so  long  as  every  overture  is  regarded  by  others  as  a  peace  offen- 
sive, as  a  trap  or  as  something  false  for  the  purpose  of  sowing  disunion  between  the  allies,  so  long  as  every 
attempt  at  a  rapprochement  is  at  once  violently  denounced  by  the  enemies  of  a  rapprochement  In  the 
vaviouB  countries,  so  long  will  it  be  Impossible  to  see  how  any  exchange  of  ideas  leading  to  peace  can  be 
i)egun.  Our  position  on  the  battlefields,  our  enonnous  military  resources  and  the  situation  and  determi- 
nation at  home  permit  us  to  use  such  language.  We  hope  that  our  enemies  will  perceive  that.  In  view  of  our 
resources,  the  Idea  of  victory  for  the  Entente  is  a  dream,  an  illusion,  and  that  they  will  In  due  course  find 
;',  way  to  approach  us  with  peace  offers  which  will  correspond  with  the  situation  and  satisfy  Germany's 
vital  needs.  I  consider  it  necessary  to  say  quite  simply  and  in  a  way  easy  for  all  to  understand  wliat  our 
positive  desires  are. 

"We  wish  for  the  German  people  and  our  allies  a  free,  strong.  Independent  existence  within  the  boun- 
daiics  drawn  for  us  by  history.  We  desire  overseas  possessions  corresponding  to  our  greatness  and  wealth; 
lUo  freedom  of  the  sea,  carrying  our  trade  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  These,  in  brief,  are  our  roughly  sketched 
aims,  the  realization  of  which  is  absolutely  vital  and  necessary  for  Germany. 

"I  believe  that  one  can  say  without  tear  of  contradiction,  as  the  result  of  revelations,  that  the  aeeper 
we  go  Into  the  causes  of  this  war  the  clearer  It  becomes  that  the  power  which  plaimed  and  desired  the  war 
was  Russia:  that  France  played  the  next  worse  role  as  instigator,  and  that  England's  policy  has  very  dark 
pages  to  show.  England  s  attitude  In  the  days  before  the  outbreak  of  the  war  was  bound  to  strengthen 
Russia's  desire  for  war.  Of  this  there  are  proofs  enough  in  the  documents  already  published.  On  the  other 
hand,  Germany  did  not  for  an  instant  believe  that  this  war  coiUd  lead  to  the  domination  of  Europe,  much 
Jess  to  the  domination  of  the  world.    On  the  contrary,  the  German  policy  before  the  war  showed  good  pros- 


"There  Can  Be  No  Compromise.'"  657 


GERMANY'S  IDEAS  IN  JUNE.  1918,  AS  TO  PEACE  TERMS— Continued.' 


pects  ol  being  able  satisfactorily  to  realize  its  essential  aims,  namely,  the  settlement  of  affairs  in  the  East 
and  colonial  problems  by  i)eaceful  negotiations." 

Of  the  general  outlook  von  Kiihlmann  said:  "When  one  makes  a  wide  survey  of  events  one  must 
ask.  Will  the  war,  according  to  human  calculation,  last  beyond  autumn  and  winter  or  beyond  next  year? 
There  la  a  common  idea  among  the  public  that  the  length  of  the  war  is  something  absolutely  new,  as  if  au- 
thoritative guarters  had  in  our  time  never  reckoned  on  a  very  long  war.    This  idea  is  incorrect." 

Von  Kiihlmann  quoted  tlie  words  which  Field  Marshal  von  Moltke  uttered  in  the  Reichstag  on  May 
14,  1890,  that  if  war  were  to  break  out  its  duration  and  end  could  not  be  calculated.  He  continued  to  quote 
from  von  Moltke  as  follows:  "The  greatest  powers  in  Europe,  armed  as  never  before,  enter  conflict  with 
one  another.  Not  one  of  them  can.  in  (me  or  two  campaigns,  be  so  completely  beaten  that  it  will  declare 
itself  vanquished  and  be  compelled  to  conclude  peace  on  hard  terms,  and  that  it  would  not  raise  itself  up 
again  to  renew  the  battle  even  if  only  after  a  year.  It  can  become  a  SeAen  Years',  a  "Thirty  Years'  War,  and 
woe  to  him  who  first  throws  a  match  into  the  barrel  of  powder." 

"Since  the  old  master  of  German  strategy  made  this  Btatement,"  continued  von  Kiihlmann,  "con~ 
dltlons  have  altered  only  in  the  sense  that  the  powers  taking  part  in  the  war  have  further  enormously  in- 
creased their  armaments  and  that,  not  only  as  then  appeared  probable,  the  powers  of  Europe  but  also  the 
great  overseas  powers  like  Japan  and  America  have  joined  in  the  conflict." 

"THERE   CAN    BE    NO  COMPROMISE." 

(PRESIDENT  Wilson's  speech  to  the  Diplomatic  Corps,  July  4,  1918,  at  the  exercises  at  Washington's 
tomb,  Mt.  Vernon.) 

"I  am  happy  to  draw  apart  with  you  to  this  quiet  place  of  old  counsel  in  order  to  speak  a  little  of  the 
meaning  of  this  day  of  our  nation's  independence.  The  place  seems  very  still  and  remote.  It  is  as  serene 
and  untouched  by  the  hurry  of  the  world  as  it  was  in  those  great  days  long  ago  when  Gen.  Washington 
was  here  and  held  leisurely  conference  with  the  men  who  were  to  be  associated  with  him  in  the  creation  of 
a  nation.  From  these  gentle  slopes  they  looked  out  upon  the  world  and  saw  it  whole,  saw  it  with  the  light 
of  the  future  upon  it,  saw  it  with  modern  eye.s  that  turned  away  from  a  past  which  men  of  liberated  spirits 
could  no  longer  endure.  It  is  for  that  reason  that  we  cannot  feel,  even  here,  in  the  immediate  presence  of 
this  sacred  tomb,  that  this  is  a  place  of  death.  It  was  a  place  of  achievement.  A  great  promise  that  was 
meant  for  all  mankind  was  here  given  plan  and  reality.  The  associations  by  which  we  are  here  surrounded 
are  the  inspiring  associations  of  that  noble  death  which  is  only  a  glorious  consummation.  From  this  green 
hillside  we  also  ought  to  be  able  to  see'with  comprehending  eyes  the  world  that  lies  about  us  and  should 
conceive  anew  the  purposes  that  must  set  men  free. 

"It  is  significant,  significant  of  their  own  character  and  purpose  and  of  the  influences  they  were  set- 
ting afoot,  that  Wasliington  and  his  associates.  Uke  the  barons  at  Runnymede,  spoke  and  acted,  not  for 
a  class,  but  for  a  people.  It  has  been  left  for  us  to  see  to  it  that  it  shall  be  understood  that  they  spoke  and 
acted,  not  for  a  single  people  only,  but  for  all  mankind.  They  were  thinking,  not  of  themselves  and  of  the 
material  Interests  which  centred  In  the  little  groups  of  landholders  and  merchants  and  men  of  affairs  with 
whom  they  were  accustomed  to  act,  in  Virginia  and  the  colonies  to  the  north  and  south  of  her,  but  of  a 
people  which  wished  to  be  done  with  classes  and  special  interests  and  the  authority  of  men  whom  they  had 
not  themselves  chosen  to  rule  over  them.  They  entertained  no  private  purpose,  desired  no  peculiar  privi- 
lege. They  were  consciously  platmlng  that  men.  of  every  class  should  be  free  and  America  a  place  to  which 
men  out  of  every  nation  might  resort  who  wishfed  to  share  with  them  the  rights  and  privileges  of  free  men. 
And  we  take  our  cue  from  them,  do  we  not?  We  Intend  what  they  intended.  We  here  iu  America  believe 
our  participation  in  this  present  war  to  be  only  the  fruitage  of  what  they  planted.  Our  case  differs  from 
theirs  only  In  this:  That  it  is  our  inestimable  privilege  to  concert  with  men  out  of  every  nation  what  shall 
make  not  only  the  liberties  of  America  secure  but  the  liberties  of  every  other  people  as  well.  We  are  happy 
in  the  thought  that  we  are  permitted  to  do  what  they  would  have  done  had  they  been  in  our  place.  There 
must  now  be  settled  once  for  all  what  was  settled  for  America  In  the  great  age  upon  whose  Inspiration  we  draw 
to-day.  This  is  surely  a  fitting  place  from  which  calmly  to  look  out  upon  our  task,  that  we  may  fortify  our 
spirits  for  its  accomplishment.  And  this  Is  the  appropriate  place  from  which  to  avow,  alike  to  the  friends 
who  look  on  and  to  the  friends  with  whom  we  have  the  happiness  to  be  associated  in  action,  the  faith  and 
purpose  with  which  we  act. 

"This,  then,  is  our  conception  of  the  great  struggle  In  which  we  are  engaged.  The  plot  is  written  plain 
upon  every  scene  and  every  act  of  the  supreme  tragedy.  On  the  one  hand,  stand  the  peoples  of  the  world 
—not  only  the  peoples  actually  engaged,  but  many  others  also  who  suffer  under  mastery  but  can  not  act; 
peoples  of  many  races  and  in  every  part  of  the  world — the  people  of  stricken  Russia  still,  among  the  rest, 
though  they  are  for  the  moment  unorganized  and  helpless.  Opposed  to  them,  masters  of  many  armies, 
stand  an  isolated,  friendless  group  of  governments  who  speak  no  common  purpose,  but  only  selfish  am- 
bitions of  their  own  by  which  none  can  profit  but  themselves,  and  whose  peoples  are  fuel  in  their  hands; 
governments  which  fear  their  people  and  yet  are  for  the  time  their  sovereign  lords,  making  every  choice  for 
them  and  disposing  of  their  lives  and  fortunes  as  they  will,  as  well  as  of  the  lives  and  fortunes  of  every  people 
who  fall  under  theu-  power — governments  clothed  with  the  strange  trappings  and  the  primitive  authonty 
of  an  age  that  Is  altogether  alien  and  hostile  to  our  own.  The  past  anil  the  present  are  in  deadly  grapple 
and  the  peoples  of  the  world  are  being  done  to  death  between  them.  There  can  be  but  one  issue.  The  set- 
tlement must  be  final.  There  can  be  no  compromise.  No  halfway  decision  would  be  tolerable.  No  half- 
way decision  is  conceivable.  These  are  the  ends  for  which  the  associated  peoples  of  the  world  are  fighting 
and  which  mu-st  be  conceded  them  before  there  can  be  peace: 

"I.  The  destruction  of  every  arbitrary  power  anywhere  that  can  separately,  secretly,  and  of  its  single 
choice  disturb  the  peace  of  the  world;  or,  if  it  cannot  be  presently  destroyed,  at  t'lie  least  Its  reduction  to 
virtual  impotence. 

"II.  The  settlement  of  every  question,  whetlier  of  territory,  of  sovereignty,  of  economic  arrange- 
ment, or  of  political  relationship,  upon  the  basis  of  the  free  acceptance  of  that  settlement  by  the  people  im- 
mediately concerned,  and  not  upon  the  basis  of  the  material  Interest  or  advantage  of  any  other  nation  or 
people  which  may  desire  a  different  settlement  for  the  sake  of  its  own  exterior  Influence  or  mastery. 

"III.  The  consent  of  all  nations  to  be  governed  in  their  conduct  toward  each  other  by  the  same 
principles  of  honor  and  of  respect  for  the  common  law  of  civilized  society  that  govern  the  individual  citizens 
of  all  modern  states  in  their  relations  with  one  another;  to  the  end  that  all  promises  and  covenants  may  be 
sacredly  observed,  no  private  plots  or  conspiracies  hatched,  no  selfish  Injuries  wrought  with  Impunity,  and 
a  mutual  trust  established  upon  the  handsome  foundation  of  a  mutual  respect  for  right. 

"IV.  The  establishment  of  an  organization  of  peace  which  shall  make  it  certain  that  the  combined 
power  of  free  nations  will  check  every  invasion  of  right  and  serve  to  make  peace  and  justice  the  more 
secure  by  affording  a  definite  tribunal  of  opinion  to  which  all  must  submit  and  by  which  every  international 
readjustment  that  cannot   be  amicably  agreed  upon  by  the  peoples  directly  concerned  shall  be  sanctioned. 

"These  great  objects  can  be  put  into  a  single  sentence.  What  we  seek  Is  the  reign  of  law,  based  upon 
the  consent  of  the  governed  and  sustained  by  the  organized  opinion  of  mankind.  These  great  ends  can 
not  be  achieved  by  debating  and  seeking  to  reconcile  and  accommodate  what  statesmen  may  wish,  with 
their  projects  for  balances  of  power  and  of  national  opportunity.  They  can  be  realized  only  by  the  deter- 
mination of  what  the  thinking  peoples  of  the  world  desire,  with  their  longing  hope  for  justice  and  for  social 


658  Independence  Day  Greetings. 


'THERE  CAN  BE  NO  C!OMPROMiaE" — Continued. 


freedom  and  opportunity.  I  can  fancy  that  the  air  of  this  place  carries  the  accents  of  such  principles  with 
a  peculiar  kindness.  Here  were  started  forces  which  the  great  nation  against  which  they  were  primarily 
directed  at  first  regarded  as  a  revolt  against  its  rightful  authority  but  which  it  has  long  since  seen  to  have 
been  a  step  in  the  liberation  of  its  own  people,  as  well  as  of  the  people  of  the  United  States;  and  I  stand  here 
now  to  speak — speak  proudly  and  with  confident  hope — of  the  spread  of  this  revolt,  this  liberation,  to  the 
great  stage  of  the  world  Itself. 

"The  blinded  rulers  of  Prussia  have  roused  forces  they  knew  little  of — forces  which,  once  roused,  can 
never  be  crushed  to  earth  again;  for  they  have  at  their  heart  an  inspiration  and  a  purpose  which  are  death- 
less and  of  the  very  stuff  of  triiunphP 

WILSON'S  "FOUR-MINUTE"   MESSAGE  TO  THE    NATION— JULY  4,   1918. 

(Read  by  four-minute  men  to  patriotic  meetings  in  5,300  communities  In  every  part  of  the  United 
States.) 

"You  are  met,  my  fellow  citizens,  to  commemorate  the  signing  of  that  Declaration  of  Independence 
Which  marked  the  awakening  of  a  new  spirit,  in  the  lives  of  nations.  Since  the  birth  of  our  republic,  we  have 
Been  this  spirit  grow.  We  have  heard  the  demand  and  watched  the  struggle  for  self-government  spread  and 
triumph  among  many  peoples.  We  have  come  to  regard  the  right  to  political  liberty  as  the  common  right 
of  humankind.  Year  after  year,  within  the  security  of  our  borders,  we  have  continued  to  rejoice  In  the 
peaceful  Increase  of  freedom  and  democracy  throughout  the  world.  And  yet  now,  suddenly,  we  are  con- 
fronted with  a  menace  which  endangers  everything  that  we  have  won  and  everything  that  the  world  has 
won.  In  all  its  old  Insolence,  with  all  its  ancient  cruelty  and  injustice,  military  autocracy  has  again  armed 
Itself  against  the  pacific  hopes  of  men.  Having  suppressed  self-government  among  its  own  people  by  an 
organization  maintained  In  part  by  falsehood  and  treachery,  it  has  set  out  to  Impose  its  will  upon  Its  neigh- 
bors and  upon  us.  One  by  one,  it  has  compelled  every  civilized  nation  in  the  world  either  to  forego  Its  aspi- 
rations or  to  declare  war  in  their  defense.  We  find  ourselves  fighting  again  for  our  national  existence.  We 
are  face  to  face  with  the  necessity  of  asserting  anew  the  fundamental  right  of  free  men  to  make  their  own 
laws  and  choose  their  own  allegiance,  or  else  permit  humanity  to  become  the  victim  of  a  ruthless  ambition 
that  Is  determined  to  destroy  what  It  cannot  master. 

"Against  Its  threat  the  liberty-loving  people  of  the  world  have  risen  and  allied  themselves.  No  fear 
has  deterred  them,  and  no  bribe  of  material  well-being  has  held  them  back.  They  have  made  sacrifices 
such  as  the  world  lias  never  known  before,  and  their  resistance  in  the  face  of  death  and  suffering  has  proved 
that  the  aim  which  animates  the  German  effort  can  never  hope  to  rule  the  splsit  of  mankind.  Against  the 
horror  of  mUltary  conquest,  against  the  emptiness  of  living  in  mere  bodily  contentment,  against  the  deso- 
lation of  becoming  part  of  a  state  that  knows  neither  truth  nor  honor,  the  world  has  so  revolted  that  even 
people  long  dominated  and  suppressed  by  force  have  now  begun  to  stir  and  arm  themselves. 

"Centviries  of  subjugation  have  not  destroyed  the  racial  aspirations  of  the  many  distinct  peoples  of 
Eastern  Europe,  nor  have  they  accepted  the  sordid  Ideals  of  their  political  and  military  masters.  They 
have  survived  the  slow  persecutions  of  peace  as  well  as  the  agonies  of  war  and  now  demand  recognition  for 
their  just  claims  to  autonomy  and  self-government.  Representatives  of  these  races  are  with  you  to-day, 
voicing  their  loyalty  to  our  ideals  and  offering  their  services  In^he  common  cause.  I  ask  you,  fellow  citi- 
zens, to  unite  with  them  In  making  this  our  Independence  Day  the  first  that  shall  be  consecrated  to  a  declara- 
ration  of  Independence  for  all  the  peoples  of  the  world." 

fVIRS.  WILSON'S   GREETING   TO  AMERICAN  WOMEN.       . 

The  wife  of  the  President,  July  4,  1918,  sent  the  following  message  to  the  women  of  the  United  States: 
"The  greeting  which  I  am  glad  to  send  to  the  women  of  our  beloved  country,  who  are  playing  so  large  and 
so  noble  a  part  In  this  day  of  our  supreme  test,  can  have  but  a  single  thought  for  its  theme — the  thought 
that  is  in  all  our 'hearts.  That  thought  is  that  we  are  sustaining  not  a  government  but  the  very  principle 
of  our  nation's  life.  The  morale  of  the  war  Is  In  the  thoughts  and  aspirations  and  hopes  of  the  women  as 
well  as  of  the  men.  They  stand  at  the  very  centre  of  every  issue  involved,  as  the  men  do,  and  in  that  sense 
the  war  Is  theirs.  It  is  a  war  for  what  Is  humane  and  right.  They  can  put  all  that  is  best  of  them  into 
the  struggle.  And  they  are  doing  so.  I  deeply  admire  them,  and  am  proud  to  stand  with  them,  A  new 
glory  attaches  to  the  Fourth  of  July  because  we  are  striving  to  make  the  whole  world  free." 

INDEPENDENCE    DAY    GREETINGS. 

On  July  4,  President  Wilson  sent  to,  and  received  from,  all  of  the  allied  and  pro-ally  neutrals,  Inde- 
pendence Day  messages.  President  Polncar6  cabled  from  Paris:  "The  government  of  the  republic,  at  one 
with  all  the  national  representatives  and  the  whole  country,  ordained  that  to-morrow  the  Independence 
Day  of  the  United  States  shall  also  be  a  French  holiday.  Paris  will  give  your  glorious  name  to  one  of  its 
one  of  Its  handsomest  avenues,  and  acclaim  to  the  skies  the  pai'ade  of  the  valiant  American  soldiers.  In 
every  department,  in  every  town,  large  and  small,  these  manifestations  of  fraternity  will  be  echoed.  Two 
peoples  In  communion  of  thought  will,  one  and  all,  remember  the  fights  of  old  that  won  liberty  for  Amer- 
ica and  hope  for  the  forthcoming  victories  which  will  secure  for  the  world  a  just  and  fruitful  peace  based 
on  the  law  of  nations  and  fortified  by  the  approval  of  human  conscience.  Permit  me,  Mr.  President,  cor- 
dially to  extend  to  you  on  the  eve  of  that  great  day  of  union  and  confidence  the  wishes  and  felicitations  of 
France  for  the  United  States  and  yourself." 

To  which  Mr.  Wilson  replied:  "With  a  full  heart  I  welcome  your  message  of  congratulation  upon 
the  American  Day  of  Independence.  It  Is  fitting  that  this  glorious  anniversary  should  witness  the  fraternity 
of  free  peoples  in  the  cause  of  national  seU-determination.  The  happy  fruitage  of  the  ancient  association 
of  our  lands  in  the  common  cause  of  liberty  is  to-day  fitly  seen  in  the  union  of  our  countries  in  the  splendid 
task  of  upholding  their  rights  in  the  face  of  barbaric  aggression.  My  countrymen  are  alike  gratified  and 
ailed  with  pride  at  the  tribute  of  brotherly  affection  which  the  French  people  are  offering  them  so  gener- 
ously at  every  point  of  intercourse.  I  most  hopefully  reciprocate  your  prayerful  wish  that  this  may  all 
presage  the  ultimate  triumph  of  the  rights  of  France  and  America  not  only  but  also  the  rights  of  humanity." 

To  King  Albert's  greeting  In  behaU  of  Belgium,  Mr.  Wilson  cabled:  "Your  message  Is  very  welcome  to 
the  American  govei-nment  and  people.  It  comes  at  a  time  when  the  seeds  of  nation-wide  compassion  have 
yielded  the  ripe  harvest  of  brotherly  union  in  the  common  cause  of  defending  the  freedom  and  the  right 
of  human  communities  to  live  for  themselves  and  shape  their  own  destinies.  May  the  clouds  that  overshadow 
our  countries  soon  pass  away,  and  the  sun  of  world-righteousness  arise,  spreading  Its  healing  beams  over 
the  enfranchised  lands  and  peoples  of  the  earth.  To  this  the  liberty-loving  world  Is  dedicating  its  noblest 
efforts  without  stint  or  reservaOon,  and  may  God  defend  the  right." 

To  Premier  Eleutarios  of  Greece,  Mr.  Wilson  answered:  Your  message  of  congratulation  on  Ameri- 
ca's natal  day  of  freedom  comes  to  blend  the  glorious  traditions  of  our  own  struggle  to  conserve  for  our  own 
land  and  people  the  priceless  heritage  of  freedom  with  the  splendid  history  of  the  great  Greek  people,  whose 
indomitable  aspirations  for  national  self-government  have  reawakened  and  inspired  their  sons  from  of  old 
to  renewed  endeavor  In  the  great  work  of  world-wide  regeneration  and  enfranchisement.  It  is  fitting  that 
Greeks  and  Americans  should  stand  side  by  side  and  strive  for  the  triumph  of  their  common  cause  to  the  end 
that  the  spirit  of  freedom  shall  not  perish  among  men.  In  the  name  of  the  government  and  people  ot 
America  I  extend  the  hand  of  fellowship  to  your  land  and  its  people." 


"We  Solemnly  Purpose  a  Decisive  Victory  of  Arms."  659 


"THE   SEA   SEEMS   VERY    NARROW." 

In  a  cable  message  of  greeting  to  President  Polncare,  oji  Bastile  Day,  1918,  Mr.  Wilson  said:  "America 
greets  France  on  this  day  of  stirring  memories  with  a  lieart  full  of  warm  friendship  and  of  devotion  to 
the  great  cause  in  which  the  two  peoples  are  now  so  happily  united.  July  1  Ith,  like  cm'  own  July  4tli,  has 
talten  a  new  significance,  not  only  for  France,  but  for  the  world.  As  France  celebrated  our  Fourth  of  July, 
so  do  we  celebrate  her  fourteenth,  keenly  conscious  of  a  comradeship  of  anns  and  of  pm'pose  of  which  we 
are  deeply  proud.  The  sea  seems  very  narrow  to-day,  France  is  so  close  neighbor  to  our  hearts.  The  war 
is  being  fought  to  save  ourselves  from  intolerable  things,  but  it  is  also  being  fought  to  save  mankind.  We 
extend  our  hands  to  each  other,  to  the  great  peoples  with  whom  we  are  assoriiUed;  and  to  the  peoples  every- 
where who  love  right  and  prize  Justice  as  a  thing  beyond  price,  and  consecrate  ourselves  oDce  more  to  the 
noble  enterprise  of  peace  and  justice,  realizing  the  great  conceptions  that  have  lifted  France  and  America 
high  among  the  free  peoples  of  the  world.  The  French  flag  flies  to-day  from  the  staff  of  the  White  House, 
and  America  is  happy  to  do  honor  to  that  flag." 

To  this  President  Polncare  replied,  by  cable:  "The  French  national  holiday  following  the  American 
Independence  Day  has  afforded  the  two  peoples  another  occasion  to  combine  their  sentiments  and  hopes. 
The  message  you  were  pleased  to  send  me  in  honor  of  the  14th  of  July  has  reached  the  heart  of  France. 
Once  more  Paris  has  acclaimed  Gen.  Pershing's  magnificent  troops,  which  are  already  giving  on  the  battle- 
fields such  striking  evidence  of  their  grand  military  quality.  The  great  memories  that  united  our  two 
countries  are  drawing  fi-om  the  war  we  are  waging  together  a  strength  and  vividness  that  nothing  can  im- 
pair. Right  and  liberty  have  obliterated  space  and  the  ocean  to  bring  even  nearer  together  our  two  beloved 
nations  in  the  splendor  of  the  same  ideal." 


A    "RE-ENFRANCHISED    BELGIUM." 

Mn.  Wilson,  in  a  message  to  King  Albert  of  Belgium,  July  21,  1918,  said:  "On  this  day,  sacred  in 
the  annals  of  Belgium,  the  hearts  of  my  countrymen  beat  in  sympathy  with  the  Belgian  oeople,  with  whom 
we  are  linked  in  the  resolute  struggle  to  conserve  the  rights  and  liberties  of  free  communities.  Your  country 
has  been  torn  asunder  before  by  alien  oppression  and  by  attempted  domination,  and  beneath  the  searing 
blasts  of  oppression  has  learned  to  prize  and  develop  the  qualities  tliat  stimulate  a  true-hearted  people  to 
assume  among  the  powers  that  high  place  that  rightly  belongs  to  free  and  independent  nations.  I  join  with 
my  countrymen  in  extending  to  Your  Majesty  and  to  the  people  of  Belgium,  who  have  so  nobly  given  their 
lives  and  treasure  for  the  safeguarding  of  national  freedom  and  equal  justice,  heartfelt  greetings  on  this 
auspicious  day,  in  the  confidence  that  it  presages  for  re-enfranchised  Belgium  a  still  greater  and  more  glo- 
rious place  in  the  proud  annals  of  human  achievement  in  the  patlis  jof  Uberty." 


WILSON'S   DENUNCIATION   OF   MOB  VIOLENCE. 

The  President,  on  July  26,  1918,  made  a  statement  to  the  nation  on  mob  violence,  as  follows:  "My 
fellow  countrymen:  I  take  the  Uberty  of  addressing  you  upon  a  subject  wliich  so  vitally  affects  the  honor 
of  the  nation  and  the  very  character  and  integrity  of  oiu*  institutions  that  I  trust  you  will  think  me  justir 
fled  in  speaking  very  plainly  about  it.  I  allude  to  the  mob  spirit  which  has  recently  here  and  there  very 
frequently  shown  its  head  amongst  us,  not  in  any  .single  region,  but  in  many  and  widely  separated  parts  of 
the  country.  There  have  been  many  lynchings,  and  every  one  of  them  has  been  a  blow  at  the  heart  of 
ordered  law  and  humane  justice.  No  man  who  loves  America,  no  man  who  really  cares  for  her  fame  and 
honor  and  character,  or  who  is  truly  loyal  to  her  institutions,  can  justify  mob  action  while  the  comts  of 
Justice  are  oper  and  the  governments  of  the  States  and  the  nation  are  ready  and  able  to  do  their  duty.  We 
are  at  this  very  moment  fighting  lawless  passion.  Germany  has  outlawed  herself  among  the  nations  be- 
cause she  has  disregarded  the  sacred  obligations  of  law  and  lias  made  lynchers  of  her  armies.  I/ynchers 
emulate  her  disgraceful  e.xample.  I,  for  my  part,  am  anxious  to  see  every  community  in  America  rise  above 
that  level  with  pride  and  a  fixed  resolution  which  no  man  or  set  of  men  can  afford  to  despise. 

"We  proudly  claim  to  be  the  champions  of  democracy.  If  we  really  are,  in  deed  and  in  truth,  let  us  see 
to  it  that  we  do  not  discredit  our  own.  I  say  plainly  that  every  American  who  takes  part  in  the  action  of 
a  mob  or  gives  it  any  .sort  of  countenance  is  no  true  son  of  this  great  democracy,  but  its  betrayer,  and  does 
more  to  discredit  her  by  that  single  disloyalty  to  her  standards  of  law  and  of  right  than  the  words  of  her 
statesmen  or  the  sacrifices  of  her  heroic  boys  In  the  trenches  can  do  to  make  suffering  peoples  believe  her 
to  be  theh-  savior.  How  shall  we  commend  democracy  to  the  accejitance  of  other  peoples  if  we  disgrace 
oui'  own  by  proving  that  it  is,  after  all,  no  protection  to  the  weak?  Every  mob  contributes  to  German  lies 
about  the  United  States  what  her  most  gifted  liars-  cannot  improve  upon  by  the  way  of  calumny.  They 
can  at  least  say  that  such  things  cannot  happen  in  Germany  except  in  times  of  revolution,  when  law  is 
swept  awa,y.  I  therefore  very  earnestly  and  solemnly  beg  that  the  governors  of  all  the  states,  the  law  officers 
of  every  community,  and,  above  all,  the  men  and  women  of  every  community  in  the  United  States,  all  who 
revere  America  and  wish  to  keep  her  name  without  stain  or  reproach,  will  co-operate — not  passively  merely, 
but  actively  and  watchfully — to  make  an  end  of  this  disgraceful  evil.  It  cannot  live  where  the  community 
does  not  countenance  it. 

"I  have  called  upon  the  nation  to  put  its  great  energy  into  this  war  and  it  has  responded — responded 
with  a  spirit  and  a  genius  for  action  t/iat  has  thrilled  the  world.  I  now  call  upon  it,  upon  its  men  and  women 
everywhere,  to  see  to  it  that  its  laws  are  kept  inviolate,  its  tame  untarnished.  Let  us  show  om'  utter  con- 
tempt for  the  things  that  have  made  this  war  hideous  among  the  wars  of  history  by  showing  how  those  who 
love  liberty  and  right  and  justice  and  ai'e  willing  to  lay  down  their  lives  for  them  upon  foreign  fields  stand 
j'eady  also  to  illustrate  to  all  mankind  their  loyalty  to  the  things  at  home  which  they  wish  to  see  established 
everywhere  as  a  blessing  and  protection  to  the  peoples  who  have  never  known  the  privileges  of  liberty  and 
self-government.  I  can  never  accept  any  man  as  a  champion  of  liberty  either  for  ourselves  or  for  the  world 
who  does  not  reverence  and  obey  the  laws  of  our  beloved  land,  whose  laws  we  ourselves  have  made.  He 
lias  adopted  the  standards  of  the  enemies  of  his  country  whom  he  affects  to  despise." 


"WE   SOLEMNLY    PURPOSE   A    DECISIVE   VICTORY   OF   ARMS." 

In  his  draft  proclamation  of  August  31,  1918.  the  President  said:  "Fifteen  months  ago  the  men  of  the 
country  from  twenty-one  to  thirty-one  years  of  age  registered.  Three  months  ago  and  again  this  month 
those  who  had  just  reached  the  age  of  twenty-one  were  added.  It  now  remains  to  include  all  men  between 
the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five.  This  Is  not  a  new  policy.  A  century  and  a  quarter  ago  It  was  delib- 
erately ordained  by  those  who  were  then  responsible  for  the  safety  and  defense  of  tUe  nation  that  the  duty 
of  military  service  should  rest  upon  all  able-bodied  men  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five.  We 
now  accept  and  fulfil  the  obligation  which  they  established,  an  obligation  expressed  in  our  national  statutes 
from  that  time  until  now. 

"We  solemnly  purpose  a  decisive  victory  of  arms  and  deliberately  to  devote  the  larger  part  of  the 
military  man  power  of  the  nation  to  the  accomplishment  of  that  purpose.  The  younger  men  have  from  the 
first  been  ready  to  go.  They  have  furnished  voluntary  enlistments  out  of  all  proportion  to  their  numbers. 
Our  military  authorities  regard  them  as  having  the  highest  combatant  qualities.  Their  youthful  enthusi- 
asm, then"  virile  eagei'ness,  theh*  gallant  spirit  of  daring,  make  them  the  admiration  of  all  who  see  them  in 


660  Wilson's  Proclamation  Ending  Beer  Brewing  on  Dec.  1, 1918. 

"WE  SOLEMNLY  PURPOSE  A  DECISIVE  VICTORY  OF  ARMS"— ConMrewetf. 

action.  They  covet  not  only  the  distinction  of  serving  in  this  great  war,  but  also  the  inspiring  memories 
which  hundreds  of  thousands  of  them  will  cherish  through  the  years  to  come  of  a  great  day  and  a  great 
Service  for  their  country  and  for  mankind.  By  the  men  of  the  older  group  now  called  on,  the  opportunity 
DOW  opened  to  them  wUl  be  accepted  with  the  calm  resolution  of  those  who  realize  to  the  full  the  deep  and 
solemn  significance  of  what  they  do.  Having  made  a  place  for  themselves  in  their  respective  commimi- 
tles,  having  assumed  at  home  the  graver  responsibilities  of  life  in  many  spheres,  looking  back  upon  honor- 
able records  in  civil  and  industrial  life,  they  will  realize,  as  perhaps  no  others  could,  how  entirely  their  owa 
fortunes  and  the  fortunes  of  all  whom  they  love  are  put  at  stake  in  this  war  for  right,  and  will  know  that 
the  very  records  they  have  made  render  this  new  duty  the  commanding  duty  of  their  lives. 

"They  know  how  surely  this  is  the  nation's  war,  how  Imperatively  it  demands  the  mobilization  and 
massing  of  all  our  resources  of  every  kind.  They  will  regard  this  call  as  the  supreme  call  of  their  day  and 
win  answer  it  accordingly.  Only  a  portion  of  those  who  register  will  be  called  upon  to  bear  arms.  Those 
who  are  not  physically  fit  will  be  excused;  those  exempted  by  alien  allegiance;  those  who  should  not  be  re- 
lieved of  their  present  responsibilities;  above  all,  those  who  cannot  be  spared  from  the  civil  and  industrial 
tasks  at  home  upon  which  the  success  of  our  armies  depends  as  much  as  upon  the  fighting  at  the  front.  But 
all  must  be  registered  in  order  that  the  selection  for  military  service  may  be  made  intelligently  and  with 
lull  information.  This  will  be  our  final  demonstration  of  loyalty,  democracy  and  the  will  to  win,  our  solemn 
notice  to  all  the  world  that  we  stand  absolutely  together  in  a  common  resolution  and  ptirpose.  It  is  the 
call  to  duty  to  which  every  true  man  in  the  country  will  respond  with  pride  and  with  the  consciousness 
that  in  doing  so  he  plays  his  part  in  vindication  of  a  great  cause  at  whose  summons  every  true  heart  offers 
Its  supreme  service."  

"A   WAR  TO   MAKE    NATIONS   AND    PEOPLES  SECURE." 

In  his  Labor  Day  message,  of  September  1,  1918,  appealing  to  the  working  people  to  stand  behind  those 
"in  the  far  fields  of  actual  battle,"  Mr.  Wilson  said:  "What  is  the  war  for?  Why  are  we  enlisted?  Why 
should  we  be  ashamed  if  we  were  not  enlisted?  At  first  It  seemed  hardly  more  than  a  war  of  defense  against 
the  military  aggression  of  Germany.  Belgium  had  been  violated,  France  invaded,  and  Germany  was  afield 
again,  as  In  1870  and  1866,  to  work  out  her  ambitions  in  Europe,  and  it  was  necessary  to  meet  her  force 
with  force.  But  it  is  clear  now  that  It  is  much  more  than  a  war  to  alter  the  balance  of  power  in  Europe. 
Germany,  It  is  now  plain,  was  striking  at  what  free  men  everywhere  desire  and  must  have — the  right  to 
determine  their  own  fortunes,  to  insist  upon  justice,  and  to  oblige  governments  to  act  for  them  and  not 
for  the  private  and  selfish  Interest-s  of  a  governing  class.  It  is  a  war  to  make  the  nations  and  peoples  of 
the  world  secure  against  every  such  power  as  the  German  autocracy  represents.  It  is  a  war  of  emancipa- 
tion. Not  until  it  is  won  can  men  anywhere  live  free  from  constant  fear  or  breathe  freely  while  they  go  about 
their  daily  tasks  and  know  that  governments  are  their  servants,  not  their  masters. 

"This  Is,  therefore,  the  war  of  all  wars  which  labor  should  support  and  support  with  all  Its  concen- 
trated power.  The  world  cannot  be  safe,  men's  Uves  cannot  be  secure,  no  man's  rights  can  be  confidently 
and  successfully  asserted  against  the  rule  and  mastery  of  arbitrary  groups  and  special  Interests  so  long  as 
governments  like  that  which,  after  long  premeditation,  drew  Austria  and  Germany  into  this  war  are  per- 
mitted to  control  the  destinies  and  the  daily  fortunes  of  men  and  nations,  plotting  while  honest  men  work, 
lasdng  the  fires  of  which  innocent  men,  women  and  children  are  to  be  the  fuel.' 


PRESIDENT  WARNS  BRIDGEPORT  STRIKERS  TO  WORK. 

The  President,  on  September  13,  1918,  sent  the  following  letter  to  the  members  of  District  Lodge  No. 
65,  International  Association  of  Machinists,  and  other  striking  workmen  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.:  "I  am  in 
receipt  of  your  resolutions  of  September  6,  announcing  that  you  have  begun  a  strike  against  your  employ- 
ers in  Bridgeport,  Conn.  You  are  members  of  the  Bridgeport  branches  of  the  International  Union  of 
Machinists.  As  such,  and  with  the  approval  of  the  national  officers  of  your  union,  you  signed  an  agreement 
to  submit  the  questions  as  to  the  terms  of  your  employment  to  the  National  War  Labor  Board,  and  to 
abide  the  award,  which  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  procedure  approved  by  me,  might  be  made.  The 
members  of  the  board  were  not  able  to  reach  a  unanimous  conclusion  on  all  the  issues  presented,  and  as 
provided  in  Its  constitution,  the  questions  upon  which  they  did  not  agree  were  carried  before  an  arbitrator, 
the  unanimous  choice  of  the  members  of  the  board.  The  arbitrator  thus  chosen  has  made  an  award  whicn 
more  than  90  per  cent,  of  the  workers  affected  accept.  You  who  constitute  less  than  10  per  cent,  refuse 
to  abide  the  award,  although  you  are  the  best  paid  of  the  whole  body  of  workers  affected,  and  are,  there- 
fore, least  entitled  to  press  a  further  increase  of  wages  because  of  the  high  cost  of  living.  But,  whatever  the 
merits  of  the  issue.  It  is  closed  by  the  award.  Your  strike  against  it  is  a  breach  of  faith  calculated  to  re- 
flect on  the  sincerity  of  national  organized  labor  in  proclaiming  its  acceptance  of  the  principles  and  machin- 
ery of  the  National  War  Labor  Board. 

"If  such  disregard  of  the  solemn  adjudication  of  a  tribunal  to  which  both  parties  submitted  their  claims 
be  temporized  with,  agreements  become  mere  scraps  of  paper.  If  errors  creep  into  awards,  the  pioper  remedy 
is  submission  to  the  award  with  au  application  for  rehearing  to  the  tribunal.  But  to  strike  against  the  award 
Is  disloyalty  and  dishonor.  The  Smith  &  Wesson  Company,  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  engaged  in  Government 
work,  has  refused  to  accept  the  mediation  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board  and  has  flaunted  its  rules  of 
fleclsion  approved  by  Presidential  proclamation.  With  my  consent  the  War  Department  has  taken  over 
the  plant  and  business  of  the  company  to  secure  continuity  in  production  and  to  prevent  industrial  dis- 
turbance. It  Is  of  the  highest  importance  to  secure  compliance  with  reasonable  rules  and  procedure  for  the 
settlement  of  industrial  disputes.  Having  exercised  a  drastic  remedy  with  recalcitrant  employers,  it  is  my 
duty  to  use  means  equally  well  adapted  to  the  end  with  lawless  and  faithless  employes.  Therefore,  I  de- 
Bire  that  you  return  to  work  and  abide  by  the  award.  If  you  refuse,  each  of  you  will  be  barred  from  em- 
ployment in  any  war  industry  in  the  community  in  which  the  strike  occurs  for  a  period  of  one  year.  During 
that  time  the  United  States  Employment  Service  will  decline  to  obtain  employment  for  you  in  any  war  in- 
dustry elsewhere  in  the  United  States,  as  well  as  under  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  the  Shipping 
Board,  the  Railroad  Administration,  and  all  other  government  agencies,  and  the  draft  boards  will  be  in- 
Instructed  to  reject  any  claim  of  exemption  based  On  your  alleged  usefulness  on  war  production.  Sincerely 
yours,  Woodrow  Wilson." 

The  strikers  thereupon  returned  to  work,  after  a  stormy  meeting,  at  which  the  National  War  Labov 
Board  was  denounced.  

WiLSON'S  PROCLAMATION   ENDING  BEER  BREWING  ON  DEC.  1,  1918, 

(Dated  September  16,  1918.) 

"Whereab,  under  and  by  virtue  of  an  act  of  Congress,  entitled  'An  act  to  provide  further  for  the  na- 
tional security  and  defense  by  encouraging  the  production,  conserving  the  supply,  and  controlling  the  dis- 
tribution of  food  products  and  fuel,'  approved  by  the  President  on  August  10,  1917,  it  is  provided  In  section 
15,  among  other  things,  as  follows: 

"  'Whenever  the  President  shall  find  that  limitation,  regulation,  or  prohibition  of  the  use  of  foods, 
fruits,  food  materials,  or  feeds  in  the  production  of  mal't  or  vinous  liquors  for  beverage  purposes,  or  that 


Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States.     661 


WILSON'S  PROCLAMATION  ENDING  BEER  BREWING  ON  DEC.  i.  i91S— Continued. 


reduction  of  the  alcoholic  content  of  any  such  malt  or  vinous  liquors,  is  essential,  in  order  to  assui'e  an  ade- 
quate and  continuous  supply  of  food,  or  that  the  national  security  and  defense  will  be  subserved  thereby, 
he  is  authorized,  from  time  to  time,  to  prescribe  and  give  public  notice  of  the  extent  of  the  limitation,  regu- 
lation, prohibition,  or  reduction  so  necessitated.  Whenever  such  notice  shall  have  been  given  and  shall 
remain  unrevoked,  no  person  shall,  after  a  reasonable  time  prescribed  In  such  notice,  use  any  foods,  fruits, 
food  materials,  or  feeds  in  the  production  of  malt  or  vinous  liquors,  or  import  any  such  liquors  except  under 
license  issued  by  the  President  and  in  compliance  with  rules  and  regulations  determined  by  Mm  governing 
the  production  and  importation  of  such  liquors  and  the  alcohoUc  content  thereof;' 

'Now,  therefore,  I,  Woodrow  Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  by  virtue  of  the  powers 
conferred  on  me  by  said  act  of  Congress,  do  hereby  find  and  determine  that  it  is  essential,  in  order  to  assure 
an  adequate  and  continuous  supply  of  food,  in  order  to  subserve  the  national  security  and  defense,  and 
because  of  the  increasing  requirements  of  war  industries  for  tlio  fuel  productive  capacity  of  the  country, 
the  strain  upon  transportation  to  serve  such  industries,  and  the  shortage  of  labor  caused  by  the  necessity 
of  increasing  the  armed  forces  of  the  United  States,  that  the  use  of  sugar,  glucose,  corn,  rice,  or  any  other 
foods,  fruits,  food  materials,  and  feeds  in  the  production  of  malt  liquors,  including  near  beer,  for  beverage 
purposes  be  prohibited.  And  by  this  proclamation  I  prescribe  and  give  public  notice  that  on  and  after 
October  1,  1918,  no  person  shall  use  any  sugar,  glucose,  corn,  rice,  or  any  other  foods,  fruits,  food  materials, 
or  feeds,  except  malt  now  already  made,  and  hops,  in  the  production  of  malt  liquors,  including  near  beer,  for 
beverage  purposes,  whether  or  not  such  malt  liquors  contain  alcohol;  and  on  and  after  December  1,  1918. 
no  person  shall  use  any  sugar,  glucose,  corn,  rice,  or  any  other  foods,  fruits,  food  materials,  or  feeds,  includ- 
ing malt,  in  the  production  of  malt  liquors,  including  near  beer,  for  beverage  purposes,  whether  or  not  such 
malt  liquors  contain  alcohol.  In  witness  whereof,  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  seal  of  the 
United  States  to  be  affixed. 

"Done  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  this  sixteenth  day  of  September,  in  the  year  of  oiu'  Lord  one  thou- 
sand nine  hundred  and  eighteen,  and  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America  the  one  hundred 
and  forty-third.    Woodroiv  Wilson. 

"By  the  Pre.sident,  Robert  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State." 


MILITARY    ORDER    OF    THE    LOYAL    LECIOM   OF    THE    UNITES) 

-Lieut.-Gen.  Samuel  B.  M.  Young-,  U.  S.  A.      Recorder-in-Clnef- 


STATES. 

—Brevet  Lieut.- 


Covunander-in-ChiPf- 
Col.  John  P.  Nicholson. 

The  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion  of  the  United  States  was  organized  by  officers  and  ex-y'ilcera 
of  theArmy,Navy  and  Marine  Corps  of  the  United  States  who  took  part  la  the  war  of  13Cl-(>5.  Total  mem- 
beiship  of  the  Loyal  Legion  is  G,598. 

ELIGIBILITY   TO   MEMBERSHIP   AS   FOLLOV/S: 

Original  companions  of  the  first  class — Commissioned  ofUcers  and  honorably  discharged  commissioned 
officers  of  the  United  States  Array,  Navy  and  Marine  Corps,  regular  or  volunteer,  including  ofiicers  of 
assimilated  or  corresponding  rank  by  appointment  of  the  Secretary  of  War  or  Navy,  who  wore  actually  en- 
gaged In  the  suppression  of  the  Rebellion  prior  to  the  15th  day  of  April,  1865,  or  who  served  under  the  Presi- 
dent's call  of  the  15th  day  of  April,  1801;  or  who,  having  served  as  non-commissioned  officers,  warrant  of- 
ficers or  enlisted  men,  dining  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  have  since  been  or  may  hereafter  be  commis'iioned 
as  officers  in  the  United  States  Regular  or  Volunteer  Army,  Navy  or  Marine  Corps.  All  midshipmen  in  the 
United  States  Navy  and  all  cadets  of  the  United  States  Army,  who,  while  pursuing  their  course  in  the  United 
States  Naval  Academy  or  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  actually  rendered  service. 

Hereditary  companions  of  the  first  class — The  direct  male  lineal  descendants,  who  .shall  have  attained 
the  age  of  21  years,  of  deceased  original  companions  of  the  first  class,  and  of  deceased  officers  not  members 
of  the  order,  but  who  were  eligible  as  such,  and  whose  direct  descent  shall  in  every  case  be  traced  anew  from 
the  original  founder  of  the  membership  in  the  order,  or  from  the  deceased  eligible  officer,  and  not  otherwise. 

Any  original  companioj)  having  no  direct  lineal  male  descendant,  maj',  by  writing,  filed  with  the  Re- 
corder of  his  Commandery,  nominate  a  companion  of  the  second  class  from  among  the  collateral  male  mem- 
bers of  his  family,  descending  only  from  his  own  brother  or  sister,  and  the  person  so  nominated  when  he  shall 
have  attained  the  age  of  21  years  shall  become  eligible  to  membership  for  life  in  the  second  class. 

Second  class — The  sons,  and  if  there  be  no  sons,  the  grandsons,  of  living  companions  of  the  first  class, 
wliether  original,  in  succession,  or  by  inheritance,  who  shall  have  attained  the  age  of  21  years,  shall  be  eli- 
gible to  membership. 

Third  class — Companions  of  the  third  class  are  those  gentlemen  who  in  civil  life  during  the  Rebellion 
were  specially  distinguished  for  conspicuous  and  consistent  loyalty  to  the  National  Government  and  were 
active  and  eminent  in  maintaining  the  supremacy  of  the  same;  and  who,  prior  to  the  15th  day  of  April, 
1S90,  were  elected  members  of  the  order  pursuant  to  the  then  existing  provisions  of  the  Constitution,  the 
power  to  elect  such  having  ceased  nt  that  date. 

ROLL    OF    COMMANDICRIES,    AUGUST    1.    1917. 


6  Commandery 
^        of  the — 


4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

il 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 


State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

Dist, 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 

State 


of  Pa. . . 
of  N.  Y.. 
of  Me.. . 
of  Mass. 
of  Cal. . . 
of  Wis .  . 
of  HI . .  . 
of  Col. .  . 
of  Ohio., 
of  Mich. 
of  Minn, 
of  Ore .  . 
of  Mo.. . 
of  Neb... 
of  Kan. . 
of  Iowa, 
of  Col... 
of  Ind .  . 
of  Wash, 
of  Vt .  .  . 
of  Md.  . 


H'dqua'tera 


I 


Philadelphia 
N.  Y.  City. . 
Portland.  .  . 

Boston 

S.  Francisco. 
Milwaukee.. 
Chicago.  .  .  . 
Washington. 
Cincinnati . . 

Detroit 

St.  Paul 

Portland.  .  . 
St.  Louis . .  . 

Omaha 

Leavenw'th. 
Des  Moines. 

Denver 

Indianapolis 

Seattle 

Burlington. 
Baltimore. . 


Instituted. 


Apr. 

Jan. 

Apr. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

May 

Feb. 

May 

Feb. 

May 

May 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Apr. 

Oct. 

June 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Dec. 


15, 

17, 

25, 

4, 

12, 

15, 

8, 

1, 

3, 

4, 

6, 

6, 

21, 

21, 

22, 

20, 

1, 

l?' 
14, 

14, 

8, 


186 

isao 

1806 
1808 
1871 
1874 
1879 
1882 
1882 
1885 
1885 
1885 
1885 
1885 
1886 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1891 
1891 
1904 


Recorders. 


Brevet  I.iout.-Col.  J.  P.  Nicholson 
Brevet  Lieut.-Col.  W.  S.  Cogswell 

John  F.  Dana 

Capt.  Chas.  W.  C.  Rhoades 

Col.  William  C.  Alberger 

-•Vet.  Asst.  P'ym'ster  J.  W.  Meacham 
Lieut.-Col.  George  V.  Lanraan. 
First  Lieut.  Thos.  H.  McKee.  . 

Capt.  John  M.  Blair 

Brig.-Gen.  Chas.  A.  Coolldge... 

Capt.  Orton  S.  Clark 

Lieut.  Joseph  E.  Hall 

Capt.  AVilliam  R.  Hodges 

First  Lieut.  F.  B.  Bryant 

Capt.  John  T.  Taylor 

Brevet  Capt.  Elbrldge  D.  Hadley 

Lieut.  W.  H.  Conley 

First  Lieut.  Alex.  M.  Scott. ...-. 

Frank  C.  Shipley 

First  Lieut.  Carlos  D.  Williams. 
Lieut.  Joseph  J.  Janney 


Address. 


Flanders  Bldg.,  Phila. 
140  Nassau  St.,  Now  York. 
83  West  St.,  Portland. 
Cadet  Armory,  Boston. 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Matthews  Bldg.,  Milw'kee, 
320  Ashland  B.,  Chicago. 
Kellogg  Bldg.,  Wash. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Memorial  Hall,  Detroit. 
St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Ainsworth  Bldg.,  Portland. 
Laclede  Bldg.,  St.  Louis. 
Omaha,  Neb. 

Leavenworth.  [Moines. 

222  Youngerman  Bloc);,  Dea 
Kittredge  Bldg.,  Denver. 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 
1812  N.  38th  St.,  Seattle. 
Burlington,  Vt. 
Baltimore,  JMd. 


662-  The  Audrkm  Peace  Propoml  of  September,  WIS. 


THE   AUSTR8AN    PEACE    PROPOSAL  OF   SEPTEMBER,   1918. 

President  Wilson's  declaration,  reiterated  in  his  draft  proclamation  of  August  31.  1918,  that 
America  solemnly  purposed  a  decisive  victory  of  arms  was  followed  by  a  renewed  Austrian  peace  proposal, 
made  public  on  September  15,  1918.  At  the  same  time  was  made  public  a  peace  offer  from  Germany  to  Bel- 
glum.  The  Austrian  proffer  as  transmitted  to  the  American  State  Department,  September  16,  1918,  by 
the  Swedish  Minister,  VV.  A,  F.  Ekensreu,  in  charge  of  Austro-Hungarian  affairs,  was  as  follows: 

I,egation  of  Sweden,  at  Washington,  D.  C,  September  16,  1918.  Excellency:  I  haye  the  honor  to  com- 
municate to  you  the  following  note  addressed  by  the  imperial  and  royal  government  of  Austria-Hungary 
to  the  royal  government  of  Sweden  and  received  by  me  on  this  day  by  telegraph: 

!  "Although  it  was  declined  by  the  enemy  powers,  the  peace  proposal  made  on  December  12,  1916,  by 
the  four  Allied  Powers,  which  never  desisted  from  the  conciliatory  intent  that  had  prompted  it,  nevertheless 
was  the  beginning  of  a  new  phase  in  the  history  of  this  war.  Fi'om  that  day  the  question  of  peace  after 
two  and  a  half  years  of  fierce  struggle  suddenly  became  the  main  topic  of  discussion  in  Europe,  nay,  in  the 
world,  and  has  beea  steadily  gaining  prominence  ever  since.  From  that  day  nearly  every  belligerent  state 
bas  repeatedly  voiced  its  opinion  on  the  subject  of  peace. 

"The  discusvsion,  however,  was  not  carried  on  along  the  same  lines.  Viewpoints  varied  according  to 
the  military  and  political  conditions,  and  so,  tlius  far  at  least,  no  tangible  or  practical  result  has  been  achieved. 
Notwithstanding  those  fluctuations  a  lessening  of  the  distance  between  the  viewpoints  of  the  two  parties 
could  be  noted,  though  no  attempt  wi'l  be  made  to  deny  the  great  divergencies  of  opinion  which  divide  the 
two  enemy  camps  and  which  it  has  heretofore  been  impossible  to  reconcile.  One  may  be.  nevertheless,  per- 
mitted to  notice  that  some  of  the  extreme  war  aims  have  been  departed  from,  and  that  the  fundamental 
basis  of  a  universal  peace  is  to  some  extent  agreed  upon.  There  is  no  doubt  that  on  either  side  the  desire 
of  the  peoples  to  reach  an  understanding  and  bring  about  peace  is  becoming  more  and  more  manifest.  The 
same  impression  is  created  wlieu  the  manner  in  which  tiie  peace  proposal  of  the  four  allied  powers  was  re- 
ceived in  the  past  is  compared  with  the  subsequent  utterances  of  their  adversaries,  whether  they  came  from 
responsible  statesmen  or  from  personages  holding  no  ofHce,  but  likewise  wielding  political  influence.  By 
way  of  illustration  confined  to  a  few  instances,  the  allies  in  their  reply  to  President  Wilson's  note  advanced 
claims  which  meant  nothing  less  than  the  dismemberment  of  Austria-Hungary,  the  mutilation  and  radical 
changes  in  the  political  structure  of  Germany,  and  also  the  annihilation  of  European  Turkey.  With  time, 
those  terms  that  could  not  be  enforced  without  a  crushing  victory  were  modifled  or  partly  abandoned  by 
Borne  of  the  official  declarations  of  the  Entente. 

"Thus  Mr.  Balfour,  in  the  course  of  last  year,  plainly  declared  to  the  English  Parliament  that  Austria- 
Hungary  was  to  solve  her  domestic  problems  by  herself  and  that  Germany  could  not  be  given  another  con- 
stitution through  foreign  inauence.  Mr.  Lloyd  George  afterward  announced  in  the  beginning  of  this  year 
that  the  Allies  were  not  fighting  for  the  dismemberment  of  Austria-Hungary  or  to  despoil  the  Ottoman 
Empire  of  its  Turkish  provinces,  or,  again,  to  bring  internal  reforms  to  Germany.  We  may  also  add  that  in 
December,  1917,  Mr.  Balfour  categorically  repudiated  the  assumption  that  British  policy  had  pledged 
itself  to  create  an  independent  state  including  the  German  territory  lying  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine. 
As  for  the  utterances  of  the  Central  Powers,  they  leave  no  doubt  that  those  states  are  merely  fighting  to  de- 
lend  the  integrity  and  safety  of  their  territories.  Much  greater  than  in  respect  to  concrete  war  aims  is  the 
evidence  that  the  principles  uoon  which  peace  could  be  concluded  and  a  new  order  of  things  established  la 
Europe  and  throughout  the  world  have  in  a  way  drawn  nearer  to  one  another.  On  this  point  President 
Wilson  in  his  addresses  of  February  12  and  July  4,  1918,  formulated  principles  that  have  raised  no  objection 
from  his  Allies  and  whose  wide  application  will  shortly  meet  the  objections  from  the  four  Allied  Powers 
provided  to  be  general  and  consistent  with  the  vital  interests  of  the  states  concerned.  To  agree  upon  general 
principles,  however,  would  not  suffice;  an  agreement  should  also  be  reached  as  to  their  interpretation  and 
appUcation  to  the  several  concrete  questions  of  war  and  peace. 

"To  an  unprejudiced  observer  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  in  all  the  belligerent  states,  without  excep- 
tion, the  desire  for  a  compromise  peace  has  been  enormously  strengthened;  that  the  conviction  is  increasing 
that  the  further  continuance  of  the  bloody  struggle  must  transform  Europe  into  ruins  and  into  a  state  of 
exhaustion  that  will  check  its  development  for  decades  to  come — and  this  without  any  guarantee  of  thereby 
bringing  about  the  decision  by  arms  which  four  years  of  efforts,  hardships,  and  immense  sacrifices  have  failed 
to  bring  about.  Now,  by  what  means,  in  what  manner  can  the  way  be  paved  that  will  finally  lead  to  such 
a  compromise?  Can  any  one  in  earnest  expect  that  goal  to  be  attained  by  adhering  to  the  method  hereto- 
fore followed  in  the  dtscusjion  of  the  peace  problem?  We  dare  not  answer  that  question  in  the  affirmative. 
The  discussion  as  conducted  until  now  from  one  rostrum  to  another  by  the  statesmen  of  the  several  coun- 
tries was  substantially  but  a  series  of  monologues.  It  lacked  sequence  above  all.  Speeches  delivered,  argu- 
ments expounded  by  the  orators  of  the  opposite  parties,  received  no  direct  immediate  reply.  Again,  the 
publicity  of  those  utterances,  the  places  where  they  were  delivered,  excluded  every  possible  serviceable 
result.  In  such  public  utterances  the  eloquence  used  is  of  the  high-pitched  kind  which  is  intended  to  thrill 
the  masses.  Whether,  intentionally  or  not,  the  gap  between  conflicting  ideas  is  thus  widened.  Misun- 
derstandings that  can  not  easily  be  eradicated  spring  up,  and  a  simple,  straightforward  exchange  of  ideas 
is  hampered  as  soon  as  mentioned,  and  even  before  an  official  answer  can  be  made  by  the  adversary  every 
declaration  of  the  statesmen  in  power  is  taken  up  for  passionate  and  immoderate  discussion  by  irrespon- 
sible persons,  but  the  statesmen  themselves  are  obse.ssed  by  a  fear  that  they  may  unfavorably  influence 
public  opinion  in  their  country  and  thereby  compromise  the  chances  of  the  war,  and  also  of  prematurely 
disclosing  their  true  intentions.  That  is  why  they  use  thunderlike  (the  French  text  has  'donnantes'  which 
is  here  meaningless;  tonnantos,  with  the  given  meaning  herewith  was  probably  the  word  sent  and  distorted 
in  transmission)  speech  and  persist  in  upholding  unflinching  points  of  view.  If  therefore  it  were  Intended 
to  seek  the  basis  for  a  compromise  apt  to  make  an  end  of  the  war  whose  prolongation  would  mean  noth- 
ing but  suicide,  and  to  save  Europe  from  that  catastrophe  resort  should  be  had  in  any  event  to  some  other 
method  which  would  permit  of  continuous  and  direct  converse  between  the  representatives  of  the  govern- 
ments and  between  them  only.  Such  an  exchange  of  views  would  take  in  the  conflicting  views  of  the  several 
belligerent  states  to  the  same  extent  as  the  general  principles  on  which  to  build  up  peace  and  the  relations 
between  states,  and  might  first  lead  to  an  understanding  as  to  those  principles.  The  fundamental  principles 
once  agreed  upon,  an  effort  should  be  made  in  the  coui'se  of  the  informal  negotiations  to  apply  them  con- 
cretely to  the  several  peace  questions  and  thereby  bring  about  their  solution.  We  indulge  the  hope  that 
none  of  the  belligerents  will  object  to  this  proposed  exchange  of  views.  There  would  be  no  interruption  of 
military  operations.    The  conversation  would  go  no  further  than  deemed  useful  by  the  participants;  the 

garties  concerned  could  be  put  to  no  disadvantage  thereby.  The  exchange  of  views,  far  from  doing  any 
arm,  could  be  but  beneficial  to  the  cause  of  peace;  what  might  fail  at  the  first  attempt  could  be  tried  over 
again;  something  will  at  Iea.st  have  been  done  toward  elucidating  the  problems.  How  many  are  the  deep- 
rooted  misunderstandings  that  might  be  dispelled!  How  many  the  new  ideas  that  would  break  their  way 
out!  Humane  sentiments  so  long  pent  up  could  burst  forth  from  all  hearts,  creating  a  warmer  atmosphere 
while  safeguarding  every  essential  point  and  dispel  many  a  discussion  which  at  this  time  seems  important. 
We  are  convinced  that  it  is  the  duty  of  all  belligerents  to  mankind  to  take  up  together  the  questions  whether 
there  is  no  way,  after  so  many  years  of  a  struggle  which,  notwithstanding  all  the  sacrifices  it  has  cost.  Is  still 
undecided  and  the  whole  course  of  which  seems  to  demand  a  compromise,  of  bringing  this  awful  war  to  an 
end.  The  Imperial  and  royal  government  therefore  comes  again  to  the  governments  of  all  the  belligerent 
states  with  a  proposal  shortly  to  send  to  a  neutral  country,  upon  a  previous  agreement  as  to  the  date  and 


Army  and  Navy  Union,  National  Corps.    .  ■  663 


THE  AUSTRIAN  PEACE  PROPOSAL  OF  SEPl^EMBER.  l91S.—CQ>Ulnucd. 

pl.ice  delegates  who  would  broach  a  conftdentlal  nonbinding  conversation  over  the  fundamental  priuciples 
of  a  peace  that  could  be  concluded.  The  delegates  would  be  commissioned  to  communicate  to  one  another 
tlje  views  of  their  respective  governments  on  the  aforesaid  principles  and  very  freely  and  frankly  inter- 
change information  on  every  point  for  which  provision  should  be  made. 

"The  imperial  and  royal  government  has  the  honor  to  apply  for  your  kindly  good  oflBces  and  to  re- 
quest that  the  royal  government  of  Sweden  kindly  communicate  the  present  communication,  which  is  ad- 
dressed to  all  the  belligerent  states  simultaneously,  to  the  government  of  the  United  States  of  America  and 
of  Great  Britain.    Burian." 

WILSON'S    REJECTION    OF    AUSTRIA'S    OFFER. 

The  following  note  was  sent  to  the  Swedish  minister  in  Washington  on  September  17,  1918: 
"Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  note,  dated  September  16,  communicating 
to  me  a  note  from  the  imperial  government  of  Austria-Hungary  containing  a  proposal  to  the  governments 
of  all  the  belligerent  states  to  send  delegates  to  a  confidential  and  unbinding  discussion  on  the  basic  prift- 
ciples  for  the  conclusion  of  peace.  Furthermore,  it  i§  proposed  that  the  delegates  would  be  charged  to  make 
known  to  one  another  the  conception  of  their  governments  regarding  those  principles  and  to  receive  ana,Io- 
gous  communications,  as  well  as  to  request  and  give  frank  .and  candid  explanations  on  all  those  points  which 
need  to  be  precisely  defined. 

"In  reply  I  beg  that  the  substance  of  yom"  communication  has  been  submitted  to  the  President,  who 
now  directs  me  to  Inform  you  that  the  Government  of  the  United  States  feels  that  there  is  only  one  reply 
which  it  can  make  to  the  suggestion  of  the  imperial  Austro-Hungarian  government.  It  has  repeatedly, 
and  with  entire  candor,  stated  the  terms  upon  which  the  United  States  would  consider  peace  and  can  and  will 
entertain  no  proposal  for  a  conference  upon  a  matter  concerning  which  It  has  made  Its  position  and  purpose 
so  plain. 

"Accept,  sir,  the  renewed  assurances  of  my  highest  consideration.     Robert  Lansing." 
The  American  rejection,  it  was  officially  stated  in  Washington,  was  in  preparation  within  thirty  minutes 
of  the  time  President  Wilson  received  the  peace  offer. 

GERMANY'S  PEACE  OFFER  TO  BELGIUM. 

The  terms  of  a  peace  offer  by  Germany  to  Belgium,  made  public  September  15,  1918,  were  as  follows: 

1.  That  Belgium  shall  remain  neutral  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

2.  That  thereafter  the  entire  economic  and  political  independence  of  Belgium  shall  be  reconstituted. 

3.  That  the  pre-war  commercial  treaties  between  Germany  and  Belgium  shall  again  be  put  into  oper- 
ation after  the  war  for  an  indefinite  period. 

4.  That  Belgium  shall  use  her  good  ofllces  to  secure  the  return  of  the  German  colonies. 

5.  That  the  Flemish  question  shall  be  considered,  and  the  Flemish  minority,  which  aided  the  Ger- 
man invaders,  shall  not  be  penalized. 

The  proposal  contained  no  word  respecting  reparation  or  indemnities,  no  admission  that  Germany 
wronged  Belgium.  The  German  minister  to  Finland,  instructed  by  the  German  government,  notified  the 
I'lnnish  government  that  in  order  to  preserve  Finland  and  Sweden  from  the  danger  of  warlike  complica- 
tions German  troops  would  not  enter  East  Karelia;  and  if  Great  Britain  and  the  other  Entent*  powers  should 
•evacuate  Karelia  and  the  Murman  Coast,  Germany  bound  herself  to  withdraw  her  troops  from  those  reglbns 
within  a  period  not  specified. 

WILSON'S  APPEAL  TO   NEUTRALS  TO   END  RUSSIAN    REIGN   OF  TERROR. 

The  President  sent,  through  the  Secretary  of  State,  on  September  21,  1918,  an  appeal  to  all -neutrals 
to  intervene  to  end  terrorism  in  Russia.  The  message  sent  to  neutrals  through  America's  diplomatic  rep- 
resentatives was  as  follows: 

"This  government  is  in  receipt  of  information  from  reliable  sources  revealing  that  the  peaceable  Russian 
citizens  of  Moscow,  Petrograd,  and  other  cities  are  suffering  from  an  openly  avowed  campaign  of  mass 
teiTorism  and  are  subject  to  wholesale  executions.  Thousands  of  persons  have  been  shot  without  even  a 
a  form  of  trial;  ill-administered  prisons  al-e  filled  beyond  capacity  and  every  night  scores  of  Russian  citi- 
zens are  recklessly  put  to  death;  and  irresponsible  bands  are  venting  their  brutal  passions  in  the  daily  mas- 
sacre of  untold  innocents. 

"In  view  of  the  earnest  desire  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  to  befriend  the  Russian  people  and 
lend  them  all  possible  assistance  in  their  struggle  to  reconstruct  their  nation  upon  principles  of  democracy 
and  self-government,  and  acting  therefore  solely  in  the  interest  of  the  Russian  people  themselves,  this  gov- 
ernment feels  that  it  can  not  be  silent  or  refrain  from  expressing  its  horror  at  this  existing  state  of  terrorism. 
Furthermore,  it  believes  that  in  order  succes.sfully  to  check  the  further  Increase  of  the  indiscriminate  slaughter 
of  Russian  citizens  all  civilized  nations  should  register  their  abhorrence  of  such  barbarism. 

"You  wUl  inquire,  therefore,  whether  the  government  to  which  you  are  accredited  will  be  disposed 
to  take  some  immediate  actiou,  which  is  entirely  divorced  from  the  atmosphere  of  belligerency  and  the 
conduct  of  war,  to  impress  upon  the  perpetrators  of  these  crimes  the  aversion  with  which  civilization  re- 
gards their  present  wanton  acts." 

SONS  OF  THE   AMERICAN    REVOLUTION. 

A  SOCIETY  of  descendants  of  Revolutionary  patriots  and  others  was  organized  in  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
after  the  centennial  parade  of  July  4,  1876,  entitled  "Sons  of  Revolutionary  Sires,"  from  whence  was  or- 
ganized in  1889  the  California  Society  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  and  became  part  of  the  National 
Society  in  that  year.  State  societies  exist  in  forty-six  States,  the  District  of  Columbia,  Hawaii,  the  Philip- 
pines, and  France.  The  total  membership  of  the  organization  is  about  16,000.  President-General — Louis 
Annin  Ames,  New  York  City.  Vice-presidents-General — Charles  F.  Read,  Boston,  Mass.;  Thomas  W. 
Williams,  East  Orange,  N.  J.:  Albert  M.  Henry,  Detroit,  Mich.;  C.  Robert  Churchill,  New  Orleans,  La.; 
Thomas  A.  Perkins,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Treasurer-General — John  H.  Burroughs,  New  York  City.  Sec- 
retary-Registrar-General— A.  Howard  Clark,  Smithsonian  Institute,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Empire  State  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  has  headquarters  at  No.  220  Broad- 
way, New  York  City.  The  membership  is  1,575.  President — Louis  Annin  Ames.  Vice-Presidents — 
Martin  S.  Allen,  Walter  B.  Hopping,  and  William  H.  Kelly.  Secretary — Capt.  Charles  A.  Du  Bois.  Treasurer 
— James  Dc  La  Monianye.     liegisttar — Tennis  D.  Huntting. 

ARMY   AND   NAVY   UNION,   NATIONAL  CORPS. 

INCORPORATED,  1888.  S.  V.  National  Commander — Ellsworth  Jeffrey,  Cleveland,  O.  J.  V.  National 
Commander — John  J.  Cosgrove,  Charlestown,  Mass.  Chief  of  Staff— Edvravd  V.  Murtagh,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
AdjvtaiU-General — Henry  W.  Lee,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Quartermaster-General — Alonzo  8.  Van  Pelt,  Rahway, 
N.  J.  Paymaster-General — Ray  C.  Shepherd,  New  York,  N.  Y.  Inspector-General — Thos.  P.  McKeghney, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Judge  Advocate  General — Judge  Jones,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  Surgcotir-General — Dr.  J.  E. 
Ilendrlckson,  Phoebus,  Va.  National  Chaplain — Rev.  Westcott,  St.  Cloud,  Fla.  National  Historian — 
George  R.  Downs,  Erie,  Pa.  National  Patriotic  Insi. — Jacques  La  Belle,  Pittsbxu-gh,  Pa.  National  Council 
€if  Administrators— W.  F.  Conray,  Washington,  D.  C;  Wm.  A.  Mohr,  Pittsburgh.  Pa. 


664  Wilson  Not  For  Free  Trade. 

AUSTRIAN  PEACE  NOTE  OF  OCT.  7,  1918. 

"The  Austro-Hungarian  Monarchy,  which  has  waged  war  always  and  solely  as  a  defensive  war,  anfl 
repeatedly  given  documentary  evidence  ol  its  readiness  to  stop  the  shedding  ol  hlood  and  to  arrive  at  a  just 
and  honorable  peace,  hereby  addresses  itself  to  His  Lordship  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
and  offers  to  oonolude  with  him  and  his  allies  an  armistice  on  every  front  on  land,  at  sea  and  in  the  air,  and 
to  enter  immediately  .upon  negotiations  for  a  peace  for  which  the  fourteen  points  in  the  message  of  Presi- 
dent Wilson  to  Congress  of  January  8,  1918,  and  the  four  points  contained  in  President  Wilson's  address 
of  February  12,  1918,  should  serve  as  a  foundation  and  in  which  the  viewpoints  declared  by  President  Wilson 
in  his  address  of  September  27,  1918,  will  also  be  tai;en  into  account." 

WILSON'S    REPLY   TO    AUSTRIA,    URGING    LIBERTY    FOR   SLAVS. 

The  text  of  the  American  reply  to  Austria,  handed  to  the  Swedish  Minister,  October  19,  1918,  follows: 
''Sir:  1  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  note  of  the  7th  instant,  in  which  you  transmit 
a  communication  of  the  Imperia,!  and  Royal  Government  of  Austria-Hungary  to  the  President.  I  am 
now  instructed  by  the  President  ^o  request  you  to  be  good  enough,  through  your  Government,  to  convey 
to  the  Imperial  and  Royal  Government  the  following  reply:  The  President  deems  it  his  duty  to  say  to  the 
Austro-Hungarian  Government  that  he  cannot  entertain  the  present  suggestions  of  that  Government  be- 
cause of  certain  events  of  utmost  importance  which,  occurring  since  the  delivery  of  his  address  of  the  8th 
of  January  last,  have  necessarily  altered  the  attitude  and  responsibility  of  the  Government  of  the  United 
States.  Among  the  fomteen  terms  of  peace  whicli  the  President  formulated  at  the  time  occurred  the 
following: 

"10.  The  peoples  of  Austria-Hungary,  whose  place  among  the  nations  we  wish  to  see  safeguarded 
and  assured,  should  be  accorded  the  freest  opportunity  of  autonomous  development. 

"Since  that  sentence  was  written  and  uttered  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  has  recognized  that  a  state  of  belligerency  exists  between  tne  Czecho-Slovaks  and  the 
German  and  Austro-Hungarian  Empires,  and  that  the  Czecho-Slovak  National  Council  is  a  de  facto  belli- 
gerent Government  clothed  with  proper  authority  to  direct  the  military  and  political  affairs  of  the  Czecho- 
slovaks. It  has  also  recognized  In  the  fullest  manner  the  justice  of  the  nationalistic  aspirations  of  the 
Jugo-Slavs  for  freedom. 

"The  President  is  theiefore  no  longer  at  liberty  to  accept  the  mere  'autonomy'  of  these  peoples  as  a 
basis  of  peace,  but  is  obliged  to  insist  that  they  and  not  he  shall  be  t)ie  judges  ol  what  action  on  the  part 
of  the  Austro-Hungarian  Government  will  satisfy  their  aspirations  and  their  conception  of  their  rights 
and  destiny  as  members  ol  the  family  of  nations.  Accept,  sir,  the  renewed  assurances  of  my  highest  con- 
sideration. ROBERT  Lansing." 


GERMAN    PEACE    NOTE     OF   OCT.   20,   1918. 

"In  accepting  the  proposal  for  an  evacuation  for  occupied  territories  the  German  Government  haa 
started  from  the  assumption  that  the  procedure  of  this  evacuation  and  of  the  conditions  of  an  armistice 
should  be  left  to  the  judgment  of  the  military  advisers,  and  that  the  actual  standard  of  power  on  both  sides 
in  the  field  has  to  form  the  basis  for  arrangements  safeguarding  and  guaranteeing  this  standard.  The 
German  Government  suggests  to  the  President  that  an  opportunity  should  be  brought  about  for  fixing 
the  details.  It  trusts  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  will  approve  of  no  demand  which  would  be 
irreconcilable  with  the  honor  of  the  German  people  and  with  opening  a  way  to  a  peace  of  justice. 

"The  German  Government  protests  against  the  reproach  of  Illegal  and  Inhumane  actions  made  against 
the  German  land  and  sea  forces  and  thereby  against  the  German  people.  For  the  covering  of  a  retreat 
destructions  will  always  be  necessary,  and  they  are  carried  out  in  so  far  as  is  permitted  by  International 
law.  The  German  troops  are  under  the  most  strict  instruction  to  spare  private  property  and  to  exercise 
care  for  the  population  to  the  best  of  their  ability.  Where  transgressions  occur  in  spite  of  these  instructions 
the  guilty  are  being  punished.  The  German  Government  further  denies  that  the  German  Navy  In  sink- 
ing ships  has  ever  purposely  destroyed  lifeboats  with  their  passengers.  The'  German  Government  pro- 
poses with  regard  to  all  those  charges  that  the  facts  be  cleared  up  by  neutral  commissions. 

"In  order  to  avoid  anything  that  might  hamper  the  work  of  peace,  the  German  Government  has  caused 
orders  to  be  despatched  to  all  submarine  commanders  precluding  the  torpedoing  of  passenger  ships,  with- 
out, however,  for  technical  reasons,  being  able  to  guarantee  that  these  orders  will  reach  every  single  sub- 
marine at  sea  before  its  return.  As  a  fundamental  condition  for  peace  the  President  prescribes  the  destruc- 
tion of  every  arbitrary,  power  that  can  separately,  secretly  and  of  its  own  single  choice  disturb  the  peace 
of  the  world.  To  this' the  German  Government  replies:  Hitherto  the  representation  of  the  people  in  the 
German  Empire  has  not  been  endowed  with  an  influence  on  the  formation  of  the  Government.  The  Con- 
stitution did  not  provide  for  a  concurrence  of  representation  of  the  people  in  decisions  of  peace  and  war. 
These  conditions  have  just  now  undergone  a  fundamental  change.  A  new  Government  has  been  formed 
in  complete  accordance  with  the  wishes  (principle)  of  the  representation  of  the  people,  based  on  equal, 
universal,  secret,  direct  franchise. 

"The  leaders  of  the  great  parties  of  the  Reichstag  are  members  of  this  Government.  In  the  future 
no  Government  can  take  or  continue  in  office  without  possessing  the  confidence  of  a  majority  of  the  Reich- 
stag. The  responsibility  of  the  Chancellor  of  the  empire  to  the  representation  of  the  people  is  being  legally 
developed  and  safeguarded.  The  first  act  of  the  new  Government  has  been  to  lay  before  the  Reichstag 
a  bill  to  alter  the  Constitution  of  the  empire  so  that  the  consent  of  the  representation  dt  the  people  is  re- 
quired for  decisions  on  war  and  peace.  The  permanence  of  the  new  system  is,  however,  guaranteed  not 
only  by  constitutional  safeguards  but  also  by  the  unshakable  determination  of  the  German  people,  whose 
vast  majority  stands  behind  these  reforms  and  demands  their  energetic  continuance. 

"The  question  of  the  President — with  whom  he  and  the  Governments  associated  against  Germany 
are  dealing — is  therefore  answered  in  a  clear,  unequivocal  manner  by  the  statement  that  the  offer  of  peace 
and  an  armistice  has  come  from  a  Government  which  is  free  from  any  arbitrary  and  irresponsible  influence 
and  is  supported  by  the  approval  of  an  overwhelming  majority  of  the  German  people.  Solf." 


WILSON  NOT  FOR  FREE  TRADE. 

THE  President,  in  a  letter,  October  28,  1918.  to  Senator  P.  M.  Simmons  of  North* Carolina,  Chairman 
Of  the  Senate  Committee  on  Finance,  denied  that  Article  3  in  his  Fourteen  Peace  Points  address  to  Con- 
gress on  January  8,  1918,  meant  American  Free  Trade.  The  President  said  in  his  letter:  "The  words  I 
used  in  my  address  to  the  Congi-ess  of  January  8,  1918,  were:  'The  removal,  so  far  as  posslbiei  of  all  econo- 
mic barriers  and  the  establishment  of  an  equality  of  trade  conditions  among  all  the  nations  consenting  to 
the  peace  and  associating  themselves  for  its  maintenance.'  I,  of  course,  meant  to  suggest  no  restriction 
upon  the  free  determination  by  any  nation  of  its  own  economic  policy,  but  only  that,  whatever  tariff  any 
nation  might  deem  necessary  for  its  own  economic  service,  be  that  tariff  high  or  low,  it  should  apply  equally 
to  all  foreign  nations;  in  other  words,  that  there  should  be  no  discriminations  against  some  nations  that 
did  not  apply  to  others.  This  leaves  every  nation  free  to  determine  for  itself  its  own  internal  poUcies  and 
limits  only  its  right  to  compound  these  policies  of  hostile  discriminations  between  one  nation  and  another. 


Wilson*s  Liberty  Loan  Speech  at  New  York.  665 

WILSON  NOT  FOK  FREE  TRADE— Continued. 


Weapons  ol  economic  discipline  and  punishment  should  be  left  to  the  Joint  action  of  all  nations  for  the  pur- 
pose of  punishing  those  who  will  not  submit  to  a  general  programme  of  justice  and  equality. 

"The  experiences  of  the  past  among  nations  have  taught  us  that  the  attempt  by  one  nation  to  punish 
another  by  exclusive  and  discriminatory  trade  agreements  has  been  a  prolific  breeder  of  that  kind  of  antag- 
onism which  oltoutimes  result  in  war,  and  that  if  a  permanent  peace  is  to  be  established  among  nations 
every  obstacle  that  has  stood  in  the  way  of  international  friendship  should  be  cast  aside.  It  was  with  that 
fundamental  purpose  in  mind  that  I  announced  this  principle  in  my  address  of  January  8.  To  pervert 
this  great  principle  for  partisan  purposes  and  to  inject  the  bogy  of  free  trade,  which  is  not  involved  at  aH 
is  to  attempt  to  divert  the  mind  of  the  Nation  from  the  broad  and  humane  principle  of  a  durable  peace  by 
introducing  an  internal  (luestion  of  quite  another  kind.  American  business  has  in  the  past  been  unaf- 
fected by  a  policy  of  the  kind  suggested  and  it  has  nothing  to  fear  now  from  a  policy  of  simple  international 
justice.  It  is  indeed  lamentable  that  the  momentous  issues  of  this  solemn  hour  should  be  seized  upon  in 
an  effort  to  bend  them  to  partisan  service.  To  the  initiated  and  discerning  the  motive  is  transparent  and 
the  attempt  fails.     Sincerely  yours^ Woodrow  Wilson." 

WILSON'S    APPEAL    FOR    A    DEMOCRATIC    CONGRESS. 

(Issued  by  the  President,  October  24,  1918.) 

"My  Fellow-countrymen;  The  Congressional  elections  are  at  hand.  They  occur  In  the  most  critical 
period  our  country  has  ever  faced  or  is  likely, to  face  in  our  time.  If  you  have  approved  of  my  leadership 
and  wish  me  to  continue  to  be  ydur  unembarrassed  spokesman  in  affairs  at  home  and  abroad,  I  earnestly 
beg-that  you  will  exjiress  yourseh'es  unmistakably  to  that  effect  by  returning  a  Democratic  majority  to  both 
the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives.  I  am  your  servant  and  will  accept  your  judgment  without 
cavU.  But  my  power  to  administer  the  great  tru.st  assigned  to  me  by  the  Constitution  would  be  seriously 
impaired  should  your  judgment  be  adverse,  and  I  must  frankly  tell  you  so  because  so  many  critical  issues 
depend  upon  your  verdict.  No  scruple  or  taste  must  in  grim  times  like  these  be  allowed  to  stand  in  the 
way  of  speaking  the  plain  truth. 

"I  have  no  thor.glit  of  suggesting  that  any  political  party  is  paramount  in  matters  of  patriotism.  I 
feel  too  deeply  the  sacrifices  which  have  been  made  in  this  war  by  all  our  citizens,  irrespective  of  party 
afBliations,  to  harbor  such  an  idea.  I  mean  only  that  the  difficulties  and  delicacies  of  our  present  task  are 
of  a  sort  that  makes  it  imperatively  necessary  that  the  nation  should  give  its  undivided  support  to  the 
Government  under  a  unified  leadersliip,  and  that  a  Republican  Congress  would  divide  the  leadership.  The 
leadfers  of  the  minority  in  tlie  oreseut  Congress  have  unquestionably  been  nro-war,  but  they  have  been 
anti-Administration.  At  almost  every  turn  since  we  entered  the  war  they  have  sought  to  take  the  choice 
of  policy  and  the  conduct  of  the  war  out  of  my  hands  and  put  it  under  the  control  of  instrumentalities  of 
their  own  choosing.  This  is  no  time  either  for  divided  counsel  or  for  divided  leadership.  Unity  of  com- 
mand is  as  necessary  now  in  civil  action  as  it  is  upon  the  field  of  battle.  If  the  control  of  the  House  and 
the  Senate  should  be  taken  away  from  the  party  now  In  power  an  opposing  majority  could  assume  control 
of  legislation  and  oblige  all  action  to  be  taken  amid  contest  and  obstruction. 

"The  return  jf  a  Republican  majority  to  either  House  of  the  Congress  would,  moreover,  be  interpre- 
tative on  the  other  ^ide  of  the  water  as  a  repudiation  of  my  leadership.  Spokesmen  of  the  Republican 
Party  are  urging  you  to  elect  a  Republican  Congress  in  order  to  back  up  and  support  the  President,  but, 
even  if  they  should  in  this  impose  upon  some  credulous  voters  on  this  side  of  the  water,  they  would  Im- 
pose on  no  one  on  the  other  side.  It  is  well  understood  there  as  well  as  here  that  Republican  leaders  desire 
not  so  much  to  support  the  President  as  to  control  him.  The  peoples  of  the  Allied  countries  with  whom 
we  are  associated  against  Germany  are  quite  familiar  with  the  significance  of  elections.  They  would  find 
it  very  difficult  to  believe  that  the  voters  of  the  United  States  had  chosen  to  support  their  Pre.sident  by 
electing  to  the  Congress  a  majority  controlled  by  those  who  are  not  in  fact  in  sympathy  with  the  attitude 
and  action  of  the  Administration. 

"I  need  not  tell  you,  my  fellow-countrymen,  that  I  am  asking  your  support  not  for  my  own  sake  or 
for  the  sake  of  a  political  party,  but  for  the  sake  of  the  nation  itself,  in  order  that  its  inward  duty  of  pur-  ■ 
pose  may  be  evident  to  all  the  world.  In  ordinary  times  I  would  not  feel  at  liberty  to  make  such  an  ap-  , 
peal  to  you.  In  ordinary  times  divided  counsels  can  be  endured  without  permanent  hurt  to  the  country.  . 
But  these  are  not  ordinary  times.  If  in  these  critical  days  it  is  your  wish  to  sustain  me  with  undivided  ! 
minds,  I  beg  that  j'ou  will  say  so  in  a  way  which  it  will  not  be  possible  to  misunderstand,  either  here  at 
home  .T  among  oui'  associates  on  the  other  side  of  the  sea.     I  submit  my  difficulties  and  my  hopes  to  you. 

"WOODROW  Wilson." 


THE  KAISER  RESOLVES  "TO  OFFER  PEACE  TO  ENEMY." 

Emperor  William,  October  6,  1918,  issued  a  proclamation  to  the  German  army  and  navy,  saying:! 
"For  months  past  the  enemy  with  enormous  exertions  and  almost  without  pause  in  the  fighting  has  ', 
stormed  against  yom-  lines.     In  weeks  of  the  struggle,  often  without  repose,  you  have  had  to  persevere  and  • 
resist  a  numerically  far  superior  enemy.     Therein  lies  the  greatness  of  the  task  which  has  been  set  for  you 
and  which  you  are  fulfilling.      Troops  of  all  the  German  states  are  doing  their  part  and  are  heroically  de- 
fending the  Fatherland  on  foreign  soil.     Hard  is  the  task.     My  navy  is  lioldiug  its  own  against  the  united 
enemy  naval  forces  and  is  unwaveringly  supporting  the  army  in  its  difficult  struggle.     The  eyes  of  those 
at  home  rest  with  pride  and  admiration  on  the  deeds  of  the  army  and  navy.     I  e.^press  to  you  the  thanks 
of  myself  and  the  Fatherland.     The  collapse  of  the  Macedonian  front  has  occurred  In  the  midst  of  the  hard- 
est struggle.     In  accord  with  oiu'  allies  I  have  resolved  once  more  to  offer  peace  to  the  enemy,  but  I  will 
only  extend  my  hand  for  an  honorable  peace.     We  owe  that  to  tlie  heroes  who  have  laid  down  their  lives 
for  the  Fatherland,  and  we  make  that  our  duty  to  our  children.     Whether  arms  will  be  lowered  is  still  a 
question.    Until  then  we  must  not  slacken.    We  must,  as  hitherto,  exert  aU  our  strength  unwearledly  to 
hold  our  ground  against  the  onslaught  of  our  enemies.     The  hour  is  grave  but,  trusting  in  your  strongth 
and  in  God's  gracious  help,  we  feel  ourselves  to  be  strong  enough  to  defend  our  beloved  Fatherland. 

"Wilheim." 

WILSON'S    LIBERTY    LOAN    SPEECH    AT    NEW    YORK. 

(Delivered  at  tlie  Metropolitan  Opera  House,  September  27,  1918.  Contains  the  five  points  foun- 
dation for  a  League  of  Nations.) 

Mr.  Wilson  said:  "My  fellow  citizens,  I  am  not  here  to  promote  the  loan.  That  will  be  done — ably 
and  enthusiastically  done — by  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  loyal  and  tireless  men  and  women  who  liave 
undertaken  to  present  it  to  you  and  to  our  fellow-citizens  throughout  the  countrj';  and  I  have  not  the  least 
doubt  of  their  complete  success;  for  I  know  their  spirit  and  the  siilrit  of  the  country.  My  confidence  is 
confirmed  too  by  the  thoughtful  and  experienced  co-operation  of  the  bankers  here  and  everywhere,  who 
are  lending  their  invaluable  aid  and  guidance.  I  have  come,  rather,  to  seek  an  opportunity  to  present 
to  you  some  thoughts  which  I  trust  will  serve  to  give  you,  in  perhaps  fuller  measure  than  before,  a  vivid 
sense  of  the  great  issues  involved,  in  order  that  you  may  appreciate  and  accept  with  added  enthusiasm 


666        Wilson* s  Liberty  Loan  Speech  al  New  York— Continued. 


the  grave  significance  of  the  duty  ol  supporting  tlie  Government  by  your  men  and  your  means  to  the  ut- 
most point  of  sacrifice  and  self-denial.  No  man  or  woman  who  has  really  taken  in  what  this  war  means 
can  hesitate  to  give  to  the  very  limit  of  what  they  liave;  and  it  is  my  mission  here  to-night  to  try  to  make 
It  clear  once  more  what  the  war  really  means.  You  will  need  no  other  stimulation  or  reminder  of  yoiur 
duty. 

"At  every  turn  ot  the  war  we  gain  a  fresh  consciousness  of  what  we  mean  to  accomplish  hy  it.  When 
oiir  hope  and  expectation  are  most  excited  we  think  more  definitely  than  before  of  the  issues  that  hang 
upon  It  and  of  the  purposes  whicli  must  be  realized  by  means  of  it.  For  it  has  positive  and  well-defined 
purposes  which  we  did  not  determine  and  which  we  cannot  alter.  No  statesman  or  assembly  created  them; 
no  statesman  or  assembly  can  alter  them.  They  have  arisen  out  of  the  very  nature  and  circumstances 
ol  the  war.  The  most  that  statesmen  or  assemblies  can  do  is  to  carry  them  out  or  be  false  to  them.  They 
were,  perhaps,  not  clear  at  the  outset;  but  they  are  clear  now.  The  war  has  lasted  more  than  four  years 
and  the  whole  world  has  been  drawn  into  it.  Tlie  commou  will  of  mankind  has  been  substituted  for  the 
particular  purposes  of  individual  States.  Individual  statesmen  may  have  started  the  conflict,  but  neither 
they  nor  their  opponents  can  stop  it  as  they  please.  It  has  become  a  peoples'  war,  and  peoples  of  all  sorts 
and  races,  of  every  degree  of  power  and  variety  of  fortune,  are  involved  in  its  sweeping  processes  of  change 
and  settlement.  We  came  into  it  when  its  character  had  become  fully  defined  and  it  was  plain  that  no 
nation  could  stand  apart  or  be  indifferent  to  its  outcome,  its  challenge  drove  to  the  heart  of  everything 
we  cared  for  and  lived  for.  The  voice  of  the  war  had  become  clear  and  gripped  our  hearts.  Our  brothers 
from  many  lands,  as  well  as  oiu-  own  murdered  dead  under  the  sea,  were  calling  to  us,  and  we  responded, 
fiercely  and  of  course.  . 

"The  air  was  clear  about  us.  We  saw  things  in  their  full,  convincing  proportions  as  they  were;  ana 
we  have  seen  them  with  steady  eyes  and  unchanging  comprehension  ever  since.  We  accepted  the  issues 
of  the  war  as  facts,  not  as  any  group  of  men  either  here  or  elsewhere  had  defined  them,  and  we  can  accept 
no  outcome  which  does  not  squarely  meet  and  settle  them.     Those  issues  are  these: 

"Shall  the  military  power  of  any  nation  or  group  of  nations  be  suffered  to  determine  the  fortunes 
of  peoples  over  whom  they  have  no  right  to  rule  except  the  right  of  force? 

"Shall  strong  nations  be  free  to  wrong  weak  nations  and  make  them  subject  to  their  purpose  and 
intcrfistp? 

"Shall  peoples  be  ruled  and  dominated,  even  in  their  own  internal  affairs,  by  arbitrary  and  irre- 
sponsible force  or  by  their  own  will  and  choice? 

"Shall  there  be  a  common  standard  of  right  and  privilege  for  all  peoples  and  nations  or  shall  the 
strong  do  as  they  will  and  tne  weak  suffer  without  redress? 

''Sliall  the  assertion  of  right  be  liaphazard  and  by  casual  alliance  or  shall  there  be  a  common  con- 
cert to  oblige  the  observance  of  common  rights?  " 
"No  man,  no  group  of  men,  chose  these  to  be  the  issues  of  the  struggle.  They  are  the  issues  of  it;  and 
they  must  be  settled — by  no  arrangement  or  compromise  or  adjustment  of  interests,  but  definitely  and 
once  for  all  and  with  a  full  and  unequivocal  acceptance  of  the  principle  that  the  interest  of  the  weakest 
is  as  sacred  as  the  interest  of  the  strongest.  This  is  what  we  mean  when  we  speak  of  a  permanent  peace. 
If  we  speak  sincerely,  intelligently,  and  with  a  real  knowledge  and  comprehension  of  the  matter  we  deal 
with.  We  are  all  agreed  that  there  can  be  no  peace  obtained  by  any  kind  of  bargain  or  compromise  with 
the  Governments  of  the  Central  Empires,  because  we  have  dealt  with  them  already  and  have  seen  them 
deal  with  other  Governments  that  were  paities  to  this  struggle,  at  Brest-Litovsk  and  Bucharest.  They 
have  convinced  us  that  they  are  without  honor  and  do  not  intend  Justice.  They  observe  no  covenants, 
accept  no  principle  but  force  and  their  own  interest.  We  cannot  'come  to  terms'  with  them.  They  have 
made  it  impossible.  The  German  people  must  by  this  time  be  fully  aware  that  we  cannot  accept  the  word 
ot  those  who  forced  this  war  upon  us.  We  do  not  think  the  same  tlioughts  or  speak  the  same  language 
of  agreement. 

"It  is  of  capital  importance  that  we  should  also  be  explicitly  agreed  that  no  peace  shall  be  obtained 
by  any  kind  of  compromise  or  abatement  of  the  principles  we  have  avowed  as  the  principles  for  which  we 
are  fighting.  There  should  exist  no  doubt  about  tliat.  I  am,  therefore,  going  to  take  the  liberty  of  speak- 
ing with  the  utmost  franltness  about  the  practical  implications  that  are  involved  in  it.  If  it  be  indeed  and 
In  truth  the  common  object  of  the  Governments  associated  against  Germany  and  of  the  nations  whom 
they  govern,  as  I  believe  it  to  be,  to  achieve  by  the  coming  settlements  a  secure  and  lasting  peace,  it  will 
be  necessary  that  all  who  sit  down  at  the  peace  table  shall  come  ready  and  willing  to  pay  the  price,  the  only 
price,  that  will  procui-e  it;  and  ready  and  willing,  also,  to  create  in  some  virile  fashion  the  only  instrumental- 
ity by  wlilch  it  can  be  made  certain  that  the  agreements  of  the  peace  will  be  honored  and  fulfilled.  That 
price  is  impartial  justice  in  every  item  of  the  settlement,  no  matter  whose  interest  is  crossed;  and  not  inly 
impartial  justice  but  also  the  satisfaction  of  the  several  peoples  whose  fortunes  are  dealt  with.  That  in- 
dispensable Instrumentality  is  a  League  of  Nations  formed  under  covenants  that  will  be  efficacious.  With- 
out such  an  instrumentality,  by  which  the  peace  of  the  world  can  be  guaranteed,  peace  will  rest  in  part 
upon  the  word  of  outlaws,  and  only  upon  that  word.  For  Germany  will  have  to  redeem  her  character, 
not  by  what  happens  at  the  peace  table  but  by  what  follows. 

"And,  as  I  see  it,  the  constitution  of  that  League  of  Nations  and  the  deaf  definition  of  its  objects  must 

be  a  part.  Is  In  a  sense  the  most  essential  part,  of  the  peace  settlement  itself.     It  cannot  be  formed  now. 

If  formed  now.  It  would  be  merely  a  new  alliance  confined  to  the  nations  associated  against  a  common  enemy. 

It  Is  not  likely  that  it  could  be  formed  after  the  settlement.     It  is  necessary  to  guarantee  the  peace;  and 

the  peace  cannot  be  guaranteed  as  an  afterthought.     The  reason,  to  speak  in  plain  terms  again,  why  it 

must  be  guaranteed  is  that  there  will  be  parties  to  the  peace  whose  promises  have  proved  untrustworthy, 

and  means  must  be  found  in  connection  with  the  peace  settlement  itself  to  remove  that  source  of  insecurity. 

It  would  be  folly  to  leave  the  guarantee  to  the  subsequent  voluntary  action  of  the  Governments  we  have 

Been  destroy  Russia  and  deceive  Roumanla.     But  these  general  terms  do  not  disclose  the  whole  matter. 

Some  details  are  needed  to  make  them  sound  less  Uke  a  thesis  and  more  like  a  practical  programme.    These, 

then,  are  some  of  the  particulars,  and  I  state  them  with  the  greater  confidence  because  I  can  state  them 

authoritatively  as  representing  this  Government's  interpretation  of  its  own  duty  with  regard  to  peace: 

"First,  the  Impartial  justice  meted  out  must  Involve  no  discrimination  between  those  to  whom 

we  wish  to  be  just  and  those  to  whom  we  do  not  wish  to  be  just.    It  must  be  a  justice  that  plays  no 

favorites  and  knows  no  standard  but  the  equal  rights  of  the  several  peoples  concerned; 

"Second,  no  special  or  separate  interest  of  any  single  nation  or  any  group  of  nations  can  be  made 
the  basis  of  any  part  of  the  settlement  which  is  not  consistent  with  the  common  Interest  of  all; 

"Third,  there  can  be  no  leagues  or  aUiances  or  special  covenants  and  understandings  within  the 
general  and  common  family  of  the  League  of  Nations; 

"Foiuth,  and  more  specifically,  there  can  be  no  special,  selfish  economic  combinations  within 
the  league  and  no  employment  of  any  form  of  economic  boycott  or  exclusion  except  as  the  power  of 
economic  penalty  by  exclusion  from  the  markets  of  the  world  may  be  vested  in  the  League  of  Nations 
Itself  as  a  means  of  discipline  and  control; 

"Fifth,  all  international  agreements  and  treaties  of  every  kind  must  be  made  known  In  their  en- 
tirety to  the  rest  of  the  world. 

"Special  alliances  and  economic  rivalries  and  hostilities  have  been  the  prolific  source  in  the  modern 
world  of  the  plans  and  passions  that  produce  war.  It  would  be  an  insincere  as  well  as  an  Insecure  peace 
that  did  not  exclude  them  in  definite  and  binding  terms.    The  confidence  with  which  I  venture  to  speaS 


Wilson's  Reply  to  Germany's  Peace  Proffer  of  Oct.  IS,  1918.    667 

'        '^"  WILSON'S  LIBERTY  LOAN  SPEECH  AT  NEW  "yORK— ConWaweti.  " 

ior  oi'J  people  in  these  matters  does  not  spring  from  our  traditions  merely  and  the  well-known  principles 
ol  international  action  which  we  have  always  professed  and  followed.  In  the  same  sentence  In  wliich  1 
say  that  the  United  States  will  enter  into  no  special  an'angements  or  understandings  with  particular  nntions 
let  mo  say  also  that  the  United  States  is  prepared  to  assume  its  full  share  of  responsibility  for  the  main- 
tenaune  of  the  common  convenants  and  understandings  upon  which  peace  must  henceforth  rest.  We  still 
read  Washington's  immortal  warning  against  'entangling  alliances'  with  full  comprehension  and  an  answer- 
ing purpose.  But  only  special  and  limited  alliances  entangle;  and  we  recognize  and  accept  the  duty  ol  a 
nc'.v  day  in  which  we  are  permitted  to  hope  for  a  general  alliance  which  will  avoid  entanglements  and  clear 
the  air  of  the  world  for  common  understandings  and  the  maintenance  of  common  rights.  I  have  made 
this  analysis  ol  the  Internationa!  situation  which  the  war  has  created,  not,  ol  course,  because  I  doubted 
whether  the  leaders  of  the  great  nations  and  peoples  \vith  whom  we  are  associated  were  ol  the  same  mind 
and  entertained  a  like  purpose  but  because  the  air  every  now  and  again  gets  darkened  by  mists  and  ground- 
less doublings  and  mischievous  perversions  of  counsel  and  it  is  necessary  once  and  again  to  sweep  all  the 
Irresponsible  talk  about  peace  intrigues  and  weakening  morale  and  doubtful  purpose  on  the  part  ol  those 
in  authority  utterly,  and  if  need  be  unceremoniously,  aside  and  say  things  ia  the  plainest  words  that  can 
be  found,  even  when  it  is  only  to  say  over  again  what  h^s  been  said  before,  quite  as  plainly  if  In  less  un- 
varnished terms. 

"As  I  have  said,  neither  I  nor  any  other  man  in  governmental  authority  created  or  gave  form  to  the 
Issues  of  this  war.  I  have  simply  responded  to  them  with  such  vision  as  I  could  command.  But  I  have 
respc^ded  gladly  and  with  a  resolution  that  has  grown  warmer  and  more  confident  as  the  issues  have  grown 
clearer  and  clearer.  It  is  now  plain  that  they  are  issues  which  no  man  can  pervert  unless  it  be  wilfully. 
I  am  bound  to  fight  lor  them,  and  happy  to  flglit  lor  them  as  time  and  circumstance  have  revealed  them 
to  me  as  to  all  the  world.  Our  enthusiasm  lor  them  grows  more  and  more  irresistible  as  they  stand  out  in 
more  and  more  vivid  and  unmistakable  outline.  And  the  lorces  that  fight  lor  them  draw  into  closer  and 
closer  array,  organize  their  millions  Into  more  and  more  unconquerable  might,  as  they  become  more  and 
more  distinct  to  the  thought  and  purpose  ol  the  peoples  engaged.  It  is  the  peculiarity  ol  this  great  war 
that  while  statesmen  have  seemed  to  cast  about  lor  definitions  ol  their  purpose  and  have  sometimes  seemed 
to  shilt  their  ground  and  their  point  ol  view,  the  thought  ol  the  mass  ol  men,  whom  statesmen  are  sup- 
posed to  Instruct  and  lead,  has  grown  more  and  more  unclouded,  more  and  more  certain  ol  what  it  is  that 
they  are  fighting  lor.  National  purposes  have  lallen  more  and  more  into  the  background  and  the  common 
purpose  ol  enlightened  mankind  has  taken  their  place.  The  counsels  ol  plain  men  have  become  on  all 
hands  more  simple  and  straightlorward  and  more  unified  than  the  counsels  ol  sophisticated  men  of  affairs, 
who  still  retain  the  impression  that  they  are  playing  a  game  ol  power  and  playing  lor  high  stakes.  That 
is  why  I  have  said  that  this  is  a  peoples'  war,  not  a  statesmen's.  Statesmen  must  follow  the  clarified  com- 
mon thoutht  or  be  broken. 

"I  take  that  to  be  the  significance  of  the  lact  that  assemblies  and  associations  of  many  kinds  made 
ui)  ol  plain  workaday  people  have  demanded,  almost  every  time  they  came  together,  and  are  still  demand- 
ing, that  the  leaders  ol  their  Governments  declare  to  them  plainly  what  it  is,  exactly  what  It  is,  that  they 
are  seeking  in  this  war,  and  what  they  think  the  Items  ol  the  final  settlement  should  be.  They  are  not 
yet  satisfied  with  what  they  have  been  told.  They  still  seem  to  fear  that  they  are  getting  what  they  ask 
lor  only  in  statesmen's  terms, — only  In  the  terms  of  territorial  arrangements  and  divisions  ol  power,  and 
not  in  terms  of  broad-visioned  Justice  and  mercy  and  peace  and  the  satisfaction  ol  those  deep-seated  long- 
ings ol  oppressed  and  distracted  men  and  women  and  enslaved  peoples  that  seem  to  them  the  only  things 
worth  fighting  a  war  lor  that  engulls  the  world.  Perhaps  statesmen  have  not  always  recognized  this  changed 
aspect  ol  the  whole  world  ol  poUcy  and  action.  Perhaps,  they  have  not  always  spoken  in  direct  reply  to 
the  questions  asked  becatise  they  did  not  know  how  searching  those  questions  were  and  what  sort  ol  answers 
th-3y  demanded. 

"But  I,  lor  one,  am  glad  to  attempt  the  answer  again  and  again,  in  the  hope  that  I  may  make  it  clearer 
and  clearer  that  my  one  thought  is  to  satisly  those  who  struggle  iu  the  ranks  and  are,  perhaps  above  all 
others,  entitled  to  a  reply  whose  meaning  no  one  can  have  any  excuse  lor  misunderstanding,  il  he  under- 
stands the  language  in  which  it  is  spoken  or  can  get  some  one  to  translate  it  correctly  into  his  own.  And 
I  believe  that  the  leaders  ol  the  Governments  with  wliich  we  are  associated  will  speak,  as  they  have  oc- 
casion, as  plainly  as  I  have  tried  to  speak.  I  hope  that  they  will  leel  Iree  to  say  whether  they  thinit  that 
I  am  in  any  degree  mistaken  In  my  interpretation  ol  the  issues  involved  or  in  my  purpose  with  regard  to 
the  means  by  which  a  satislactory  settlement  ol  those  Issues  may  be  obtained.  Unity  ol  purpose  and  ol 
counsel  are  as  imperatively  necessary  In  this  war  as  was  unity  ol  command  in  the  battlefield;  and  with  per- 
fect unity  ol  piu-pose  and  counsel  will  come  assurance  ol  complete  victory.  It  can  be  had  in  no  other  way. 
'Pe.ace  drives'  can  be  effectively  neutralized  and  sUenced  only  by  showing  that  every  victory  ol  the  nations 
associated  against  Germany  brings  the  nations  nearer  the  sort  ol  peace  which  will  bring  security  and  re- 
assurance to  all  peoples  and  make  the  recurrence  ol  another  such  struggle  ol  pitiless  force  and  bloodshed 
lorever  impossible,  and  that  nothing  else  can.  CJermany  is  constantly  intimating  the  'terms'  she  will  ac- 
cept; and  always  finds  that  the  world  does  not  want  terms.  It  wishes  the  final  triumph  ol  justice  and  lair 
dealing."  

WILSON'S  REPLY  TO  GERMANY'S  PEACE  PROFFER  OF  OCT.  12,  1918. 

On  October  14,  1918,  Secretary  Lansing  handed  to  Frederick  Oederlin,  Charge  d' Affaires  ol  Switzerland, 
ad  interim  in  charge  ol  German  interests  iu  the  United  States,  the  following  answer  to  the  Teutonic  ac- 
ceptance: "Sir,  in  reply  to  the  commimicatlon  of  the  German  Government,  dated  the  12th  Inst.,  which 
you  handed  me  to-day,  I  have  the  honor  to  request  you  to  transmit  the  following  answer: 

"The  unqualified  acceptance  by  the  present  German  Government  and  by  a  large  majority  of  the  German 
Reichstag  ol  the  terms  laid  down  by  the  President  ol  the  United  States  ol  America  in  his  address  to  the 
Congress  ol  the  United  States  on  January  8,  1918,  and  in  his  subsequent  addresses,  justifies  the  President 
in  making  a  Irank  and  direct  statement  of  his  decision  with  regard  to  the  commimications  ol  the  German 
Government  of  October  8  and  12,  1918.  It  must  be  clearly  understood  that  the  process  ol  evacuation 
and  the  conditions  ol  an  armistice  are  matters  which  must  be  lelt  to  the  judgment  and  advice  ol  the  mili- 
tary advisers  ol  the  Government  ol  the  United  States  and  the  Allied  Governments,  and  the  President  leela 
It  his  duty  to  say  that  no  arrangement  can  be  accepted  by  the  Government  ol  the  United  States  which  does 
not  provide  absolutely  satisfactory  saleguards  and  guarantees  ol  the  maintenance  ol  the  present  military 
supremacy  ol  the  armies  ol  the  United  States  and  ol  the  Allies  in  the  field.  He  leels  confident  that  he  can 
salely  assume  that  this  will  also  be  the  judgment  and  decision  ol  the  Allied  Governments. 

"The  President  leels  that  it  is  also  his  duty  to  add  that  neither  the  Government  ol  the  United  States 
nor,  he  is  quite  stu-e,  the  Governments  with  which  the  Government  ol  the  United  States  is  associated  as 
a  belligerent  will  consent  to  consider  an  armistice  so  long  as  the  armed  lorces  ol  Germany  continue  the 
illegal  and  inhmnane  practices  which  they  persist  in.  At  the  very  time  that  the  German  Government 
approaches  the  Government  ol  the  United  States  with  proposals  ol  pe?,ce,  its  submarines  are  engaged  In 
sinking  passenger  ships  at  sea,  and  not  the  ships  alone,  but  the  very  boats  in  which  their  passengers  and 
crews  seek  to  make  their  way  to  salety;  and  in  their  present  enlorced  withdrawal  from  Flanders  and  France 
the  German  armies  are  pursuing  a  course  ol  wanton  destruction  which  has  always  been  regarded  as  In  direct 


668     -  Austria  Asks  for  Quick  Peace  Action. 

WILSON'S  REPLY  TO  GERMANY'S  PEACE  PROFFER  OF  OCT.  12.  1918— CotUinued.         ' 

violation  of  the  rules  and  practices  of  civilized  warfare.  Cities  and  villages,  if  not  destroyed,  are  being 
stripped  of  all  they  contain  not  only,  but  often  of  their  very  inhabitants.  The  nations  associated  against 
Germany  cannot  be  expected  to  agree  to  a  cessation  of  arms  while  acts  of  inhumanity,  spoliation,  and  deso- 
lation are  being  continued  which- they  justly  look  upon  with  horror  and  with  burning  hearts. 

"It  is  necessary  also,  in  order  that  there  may  be  no  possibility  of  misunderstanding,  that  the  President 
should  very  solemnly  call  the  attention  of  the  Government  of  Germany  to  the  language  and  plain  intent 
of  one  of  the  terms  of  peace  wnich  the  German  Government  has  now  accepted.  It  is  contained  in  the 
address  of  the  President,  delivered  at  Mount  Vernon  on  July  4  last.     It  Is  as  follows: 

"  'The  destruction  of  every  arbitrary  power  anywhere  that  can  separately,  secretly,  and  of  its 
single  choice  disturb  the  peace  of  the  world;  or,  if  it  cannot  be  presently  destroyed,  at  least  its  reduc- 
tion to  virtual  impotency.' 

"The  power  which  has  hitherto  controlled  the  German  nation  Is  of  the  sort  here  described.  It  ia 
within  the  choice  of  the  German  nation  to  alter  it.  The  President's  words,  just  quoted,  naturally  constitute 
a  condition  precedent  to  peace,  if  peace  is  to  come  by  the  action  of  the  German  people  themselves.  The 
President  feels  bound  to  say  that  the  whole  process  of  peace  will,  in  his  judgment,  depend  upon  tae  deflnite- 
ness  and  the  satisfactory  character  of  the  guarantees  which  can  be  given  in  this  fundamental  matter.  It 
is  Indispensable  that  the  governments  associated  against  Germany  should  know  beyond  a  peradventure 
with  whom  they  are  dealiag.  The  President  will  make  a  separate  reply  to  the  Royal  and  Imperial  Govern- 
ment of  Austria-Hungary.    Accept,  sir,  the  renewed  assurances  of  my  high  consideration.  ^^^ 

"Robert  Lansing."  • 
*      The  White  House,  after  answering  the  German  proffer,  made  the  following  announcement:    "The 
Government  will  continue  to  send  over  250,000  men,  with  their  supplies,  every  month,  and  there  Will  be 
no  relaxation  of  any  kind." 

"IN    THE    NAME   OF   THE    GERMAN    PEOPLE." 

The  text  of  Germany's  peace  note  of  October  12,  1918.  as  received  by  Secretary  Lansing,  is:  "In 
reply  to  the  questions  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America  the  German  Government  hereby 
declares:  The  German  Government  has  accepted  the  terms  laid  down  by  President  Wilson  in  his  address 
of  January  8  and  in  Ids  subsequent  addresses  on  the  foundation  of  a  permanent  peace  of  justice.  Con- 
sequently its  object  in  entering  into  discussions  would  be  only  to  agree  upon  practical  details  of  the  applica- 
tion of  these  terms.  The  German  Government  believes  that  the  Governments  of  the  powers  associated 
with  the  Government  of  the  United  States  also  take  the  position  taken  by  President  Wilson  in  his  address. 
The  German  Gove'-nment,  in  accordance  with  the  Austro-Hungarian  Government,  for  the  purpose  of 
bringing  about  an  armistice,  declares  itself  ready  to  comply  with  the  propositions  of  the  Pi'esident  In  regard 
to  evacuation. 

"The  German  Government  suggests  that  the  President  may  occasion  the  meeting  of  a  mixed  com- 
mission for  making  the  necessary  arrangements  concerning  the  evacuation.  The  present  German  Govern- 
ment, which  has  undertaken  the  responsibility  for  this  step  toward  peace,  has  been  formed  by  conferences 
and  In  agreement  with  the  great  majority  of  the  Reichstag.  The  Chancellor,  supported  in  all  of  his  actions 
by  the  will  of  tliis  majority,  speato  in  the  name  of  the  German  Government  and  of  the  German  people. 

"SOLF,  State  Secretary  of  Foreign  Office." 

FOR  WHOM   DO  YOU  SPEAK? 

The  text  of  the  United  States'  reply  to  Germany's  peace  request,  as  handed  October  8, 1918,  by  Secretary 
of  State  Lansing  to  Frederick  Oederlin,  Charge  d'Affaires  of  the  Swiss  Legation,  in  charge  of  German  inter- 
ests, follows.  "Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge,  on  behalf  of  the  President,  your  note  of  October  6, 
inclosing  the  communication  from  the  German  Government  to  the  .President;  and  I  am  instructed  by  the 
President  to  request  you  to  make  the  following  communication  to  the  Imperial  German  Chancellor: 

"Before  making  reply  to  the  request  of  the  Imperial  German  Government,  and  in  order  that  that  reoly 
shall  be  as  candid  and  straightforward-  as  the  momentous  interests  involved  require,  the  President  of  the 
United  States  deems  it  necessary  to  assure  himself  of  the  exact  meaning  of  the  note  ot  the  Imperial  Chancellor. 
Does  the  Imperial  Chancellor  mean  that  the  Imperial  German  Government  accept  the  terms  laid  down 
by  the  President  in  his  address  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  on  January  last  and  in  subsequent 
addresses,  and  that  Its  object  In^enterlng  into  discussions  would  be  only  to  agree  upon  the  practical  details 
ol  their  application? 

"The  President  feels  bound  to  say  with  regard  to  the  suggestion  of  an  armistice  that  he  would  not 
feel  at  liberty  to  propose  a  cessation  of  arms  to  the  governments  with  wuich  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  is  associated  against  the  Central  Powers  so  long  as  the  armies  of  those  powers  are  upon  their  soil. 
"The  good  faith  of  any  discussion  would  manifestly  depend  upon  the  consent  of  the  Central  Powers  imme- 
diately to  withdraw  their  forces  everywhere  from  Invaded  territory.  The  President  also  feels  that  he  ia 
justified  in  asking  whether  the  Imperial  Chancellor  is  speaking  merely  for  the  constituted  authorities  of 
the  empire  who  have  so  far  conducted  the  war.  He  deems  the  answer  to  these  questions  vital  from  every 
point  of  view.    Accept,  sir,  the  renewed  assurances  of  my  high  consideration.  "Robert  Lansing." 

PRINCE  MAXIMILIAN'S  NOTE  ASKING  V/ILSON  FOR  PEACE. 

TEtB  text  of  the  note  forwarded  by  the  German  Chancellor,  Prince  Maximilian,  to  President  Wilson 
through  the  Swiss  Government,  October  6,  1918,  follows:  "The  German  Government  requests  the  President 
of  the  United  States  to  take  in  hand  the  restoration  of  peace,  acquaint  all  the  belligerent  states  of  this 
request,  and  invite  them  to  send  plenipotentiaries  for  the  purpose  of  opening  negotiations.     It  accepts  the 

grogramme  set  forth  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  in  hla  message  to  Congress  on  January  8  and 
1  ms  later  pronouncements,  especially  his  speech  of  September  27,  as  a  basis  for  peace  negotiations.  With 
a  view  to  avoiding  further  bloodshed,  the  German  Government  requests  the  immediate  conclusion  of  an 
armistice  on  land  and  water  and  in  the  air." 


AUSTRIA    ASKS     FOR    QUICK     PEACE    ACTION. 

On  October  29  Austria-Hungary,  through  her  new  Foreign  Minister,  Coimt  Andrassy,  sent  a  note  to 
Secretary  of  State  Lansing  requesting  an  Immediate  armistice  on  all  fronts,  and  the  commencement  of 
peace  negotiations,  saying:  "Immediately  after  having  taken  direction  ol  the  Minlsti'y  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
and  after  the  despatch  of  the  ofJlcial  answer  to  your  note  of  October  18,  1918,  by  which  you  were  able  to 
see  that  we  accept  all  the  points  and  principles  laid  down  by  President  Wilson  in  his  various  declarations, 
and  are  In  complete  accord  with  the  efforts  of  President  Wilson  to  prevent  future  wars  and  to  create  a 
league  of  nations,  we  have  taken  preparatory  measures,  in  order  that  Austrlans  and  Hungarians  may  be 
able,  according  to  their  own  desire  and  without  being  in  any  way  hindered,  to  make  a  decision  as  to  their 
future  organization,  and  to  rule  it.  Since  the  accession  to  power  of  Emperor  King  Charles  his  immovable 
purpose  has  been  to  bring  an  end  to  the  war.  More  than  ever  this  is  the  desire  ol  the  Sovereign  of  all 
the  Austrian-Hungarian  peoples,  who  acknowledge  that  their  future  destiny  can  only  be  accomplished  in 


Wilson  Urges  Senate  to  Grant  Woman  Suffrage.  G69 


AUSTRIA  ASKS  FOR  QUICK  PEACE  ACTION— Continued. 

a  pacillc  world,  by  being  Ireed  from  all  disturbances,  privations,  and  sorrows  ot  war.  TUs  is  why  I  address 
you  directly,  Mr.  Secretary  of  State,  praying  tnat  you  will  bave  the  goodness  to  intervene  with  the  President 
of  the  United  States  in  order  that  in  the  interest  of  humanity,  as  in  the  interest  of  all  those  who  live  in 
Austria-Hungary,  an  immediate  armistice  may  be  concluded  on  all  fronts,  and  for  an  overture  that  imme- 
diate negotiations  for  peace  will  follow." 

In  a  semi-ofBcial  note  explaining  lo  the  Austrian  people  the  above  plea  for  quick  action  the  Government 
at  Vienna  said:  "Austria  was  obliged  to  conform  to  the  methods  of  President  Wilson,  who  had  successively 
replied  to  the  three  members  of  the  Triple  Alliance,  and  act  apart  from  her  allies.  The  Monarchy,  which 
has  formally  adopted  President  Wilson's  line  of  action,  shares  his  opinion,  as  was  shown  by  the  Emperor's 
manifesto  to  the  peoples  wliich,  in  proclaiming  the  federalization  of  the  Monarchy,  exceeded  President 
Wilson's  programme.  However,  the  complete  re-organization  of  Austria  can  only  be  carried  out  after  an 
armistice.  If  Austria-Hungary  has  declared  herself  ready  to  enter  into  negotiations  for  an  armistice  and 
for  peace,  without  awaiting  the  result  of  negotiations  with  other  states,  that  does  not  necessarily  signify 
an  oiler  of  a  separate  peace.  It  means  that  she  is  ready  to  act  separately  in  the  interests  of  the  re-establish- 
in  eut  of  peace."  

AUSTRIA'S   "BE   SO    KIND"    PEACE    PLEA. 

(Transmitted  October  28  by  the  Austro-Hungariau  Foreign  Minister,  Count  Julius  Andrassy,  through 
the  Swedish-  Government,  to  the  American  Government.) ' 

"In  reply  to  the  note  of  President  Wilson  of  the  19th  of  this  month,  addressed  to  the  Austro-Hucgarian 
Government,  and  giving  the  decision  of  the  President  to  speak  directly  with  the  Austro-Hungarian  Govern- 
ment on  the  question  of  an  armistice  and  of  peace,  the  Austro-Hungarlan  Government  has  the  honor  to 
declare  that,  equally  with  the  preceding  proclamations  of  the  President,  it  adheres  also  to  the  same  point 
of  view  contained  in  the  last  note  upon  the  rights  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  peoples,  especially  those  of  the 
Czecho-SIovaks  and  the  Jugo-Slavs.  Consequently,  Austria-Hungary  accepting  all  the  conditions  the  Presi- 
dent has  laid  down  for  the  entry  into  negotiations  for  an  armistice  and  peace,  no  obstacle  exists,  according 
to  the  judgment  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  Government,  to  the  beginning  of  these  negotiations. 

"The  Austro-Hungarian  Government  declares  itself  ready,  in  consequence,  without  awaiting  the  result 
of  other  negotiations,  to  enter  into  negotiations  upon  peace  between  Austria-Hungary  and  the  states  in 
the  opposing  group  and  for  an  immediate  armistice  upon  all  Austro-Hungarian  fronts.  It  asks  President 
Wilson  to  be  so  kind  as  to  begin  overtures  on  this  subject." 

BURIAN    ON    "ENEMY'S    OBSTINACY." 

B.4E0N  BuRiAN,  the  Austro-Hungarian  Foreign  Minister,  in  a  statement  to  the  Austrian  and  Hungarian 
Premiers,  July  6,  1918,  in  regard  to  President  Wilson's  Mount  Vernon  address  of  July  4,  said:  "The  enemy's 
obstinacy  regarding  his  territorial  demands  concerning  Alsace-Lorraine,  Trieste,  the  Trentino,  and  the 
German  colonies  appears  to  be  Insurmountable.  There  lies  the  limit  of  our  readiness  for  peace.  We  ar<( 
prepared  to  discuss  everything  except  our  own  territory.  The  enemy  not  only  wants  to  cut  from  Austria- 
Hungary  what  he  would  like  for  himself,  but  the  inner  structure,  that  of  the  monarchy  itself,  too,  is  to  be 
attacked,  and  the  monarchy  dissolved,  if  possible,  into  component  parts.  Our  opponents  start  from  a 
completely  mechanical  misjudgment  of  the  character  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  monarchy,  and  prefer  in 
their  satisfaction  to  overlook,  in  the  present  difficult  international  problems,  the  fact  that  these  states  with 
their  various  nationalities  are  no  accidental  structure,  but  a  product  of  historical  and  ethnographical  neces- 
sities, which  carry  in  themselves  the  fundamental  principle  of  life  and  race.  They,  therefore,  possess,  and 
tliis  applies  fully  to  Austria  and  Hungary,  the  necessary  elasticity  and  adaptability  to  the  changing  events 
of  the  times,  the  ability  to  reform  themselves  according  to  the  necessity  of  their  standard  of  development 
and  to  solve  all  internal  crises  without  uncalled-for  foreign  interference." 

WILSON    URGES   SENATE    TO    GRANT   WOMAN    SUFFRAGE. 

In  the  course  ot  an  address  in  the  Senate,  at  Washington,  September  30,  1918,  asking  action  in  favor 
of  suffrage  for  women,  the  Pi'esident  said:  "Are  wc  alone  to  refuse  to  learn  the  lesson?  Are  we  alone  to 
ask  and  take  the  utmost  that  our  women  can  give — service  and  sacrifice  of  every  kind — ^and  still  say  we  do 
not  see  what  title  that  gives  them  to  stand  by  our  sides  in  the  guidance  of  the  affairs  of  their  nation  and 
ours?  We  have  made  partners  of  the  women  in  this  war;  snail  we  admit  them  only  to  a  partnership  of 
suffering  and  sacrifice  and  toil  and  not  to  a  partnership  of  privilege  and  right?  This  war  could  not  have 
been  fought,  either  by  the'other  nations  engaged  or  by  America,  iJ  it  had  not  been  for  the  services  of  the 
women — services  rendered  In  every  sphere — not  merely  in  the  fields  ot  effort  in  which  we  have  been  accus- 
tomed to  see  them  work,  but  wherever  men  have  worked  and  upon  the  very  skirts  and  edges  of  the  battle 
itself.  We  shall  not  only  be  distrusted  but  shall  deserve  to  be  distrusted  if  we  do  not  enfranchise  them 
with  the  fullest  possible  enfranchisement,  as  it  is  now  certain  that  the  other  great  free  nations  will  enfranchise 
them.  We  cannot  Isolate  our  thought  and  action  in  such  a  matter  from  the  thought  of  the  rest  of  the  world. 
We  must  either  conform  or  deliberately  reject  what  they  propose  and  resign  the  leadership  of  liberal  minds 
to  others. 

"The  women  of  America  are  too  noble  and  too  intelligent  and  too  devoted  to  be  slackers  whether  you 
give  or  withhold  this  thing  that  is  mere  justice;  but  I  know  the  magic  it  will  work  in  their  thoughts  and 
spirits  if  you  give  it  them.  I  propose  it  as  I  would  propose  to  admit  soldiers  to  the  suffrage,  the  men  fighting 
in  the  field  for  our  liberties  and  the  liberties  of  the  world,  were  they  excluded.  The  tasks  of  the  women 
lie  at  the  very  heart  of  the  war,  and  I  know  how  much  stronger  that  heart  will  beat  if  you  do  this  just 
thing  and  show  our  women  that  you  trust  them  as  much  as  you  in  fact  and  ot  necessity  depend  upon  them. 
Have  1  said  that  the  passage  of  this  amendment  is  a  vitally  necessary  war  meas-ore,  and  do  you  need  further 
proof?  Do  you  stand  in  need  of  the  trust  of  other  peoples  and  of  the  trust  of  oin-  own  women?  Is  that 
trust  an  asset  or  is  it  not?  I  tell  you  plainly,  as  the  Commander-in-Chief  of  our  armies  and  of  the  gallant 
men  in  our  fleets,  as  the  present  spokesman  of  this  people  in  our  dealings  with  the  men  and  women  through- 
out the  world  who  are  now  our  partners,  as  the  responsible  head  of  a  great  Government  which  stands  and 
is  questioned  day  by  day  as  to  its  purposes,  its  principles,  its  hopes,  whether  they  be  serviceable  to  men 
everywhere  or  only  to  itself,  and  who  must  himself  answer  these  questionings  or  be  shamed,  as  the  guide 
and  director  of  forces  caught  in  the  grip  of  war  and  by  the  same  token  in  need  of  every  material  and  spiritual 
resource  this  great  nation  possesses — I  tell  you  plainly  that  this  measure  which  I  urge  upon  you  is  vital 
to  the  winning  of  the  war  and  to  the  energies  alike  of  preparation  and  of  battle. 

"And  not  to  the  winning  of  the  war  only.  It  is  vital  to  the  right  solution  of  the  great  problems  which 
we  must  settle,  and  settle  immediately,  when  the  war  is  over.  We  shall  need  then  in  our  vision  of  affairs, 
as  we  have  never  needed  them  before,  the  sympathy  and  insight  and  clear  m(3;ral  Instinct  of  the  woiren  of 
the  world.  The  problems  of  that  time  will  strike  to  the  roots  of  many  things  that  we  have  not  hitherto 
questioned,  and  I  for  one  believe  that  our  safety  in  those  questioning  days,  as  well  as  our  comprehension 
of  matters  that  touch  society  to  th^  quick,  will  depend  upon  the  direct  and  authoritative  participation  of 
women  in  our  counsels.  We  shall  need  their  moral  sense  to  preserve  what  is  right  and  fine  and  worthy 
in  our  system  ot  life  as  weU  as  to  discover  just  what  it  is  that  ought  to  be  purified  and  reformed.  Without 
their  counsellinga  we  shall  be  only  halt  wise." 


670  Max  on  "Despotic  Customs"  of  "Western  Democracies.** 

GERMANY'S    OFFER    OF    OCT.    27,    1918. 

(Signed  by  the  German  Foreign  Minister,  Dr.  Solf.) 
"The  German  Government  has  taken  cognizance  of  the  answer  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 
The  President  is  aware  of  the  far-reaching  changes  which  have  been  carried  out  and  are  being  carried  out 
In  the  German  constitutional  structure,  and  that  peace  negotiations  are  being  conducted  by  a  people's 
Government,  in  whose  haaids  rests,  both  actually  and  constitutionally,  the  power  to  make  the  deciding 
conclusions.  The  military  powers  are  also  subject  to  It.  The  German  Government  now  awaits  proposals 
for  an  armistice,  wlUch  shall  ?)e  the  first  step  toward  a  just  peace  as  the  President  has  described  it  in  hia 
proclamation.  -  ■ Solf." 

PRESIDENT'S    REPLY   TO    GERMAN    NOTE   OF    OCT.   20,    1918. 

THE  President's  note  to  Germany  as  given  out  Oct.  23,  by  Secretary  Lansing  follows:  "From  the 
Secretary  of  Stat«  to  the  Charge  d'Aftaires  ad  interim  in  charge  of  German  interests  in  the  United  States, 
Department  of  State,  October  23,  1918:  Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  note 
of  October  22,  transmitting  a  communication  under  date  of  October  20  from  the  German  Government, 
and  to  advise  you  that  the  President  has  Instructed  me  to  reply  thereto  as  follows: 
1^  "Having  received  the  solemn  and  explicit  assurance  of  the  German  Government  that  it  unreservedly 
accepts  the  terms  of  peace  laid  down  in  his  address  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  on  January  8,  1918, 
and  the  principles  of  settlement  enunciated  in  liis  subsequent  addresses,  particularly  the  address  of  Septem- 
ber 27,  and  that  it  desires  to  discuss  the  details  of  their  application,  and  that  this  wish  and  purpose  emanated, 
not  from  those  who  have  hitherto  -dictated  German  policy  and  conducted  the  present  war  on  Germany's 
behalf  but  from  Ministers  who  speak  for  the  majority  of  the  Reichstag  and  for  an  overwhelming  majority 
of  the  German  peoples;  and  having  received  also  the  explicit  promise  of  the  present  German  Government 
that  the  humane  rules  of  civilized  warfare  will  be  observed  both  on  land  and  sea  by  the  German  armed 
forces,  the  President  of  the  United  States  feels  that  he  cannot  decline  to  take  up  with  the  Governments 
with  which  the   Government  of   the  United  States  is  associated  the  question  of  an  armistice. 

"He  deems  it  his  duty  to  say  again,  however,  that  the  only  armistice  he  would  feel  justified  in  sub- 
mitting for  consideration  would  be  one  which  should  leave  the  United  States  and  the  powers  associated 
with  her  In  a  position  to  enforce  any  arrangements  that  may  be  entered  into  and  to  make  a  renewal  of  hostil- 
ities on  the  part  of  Germany  impossible.  The  President  has,  therefore,  transmitted  his  correspondence 
with  the  present  German  autiiorities  to  the  Governments  with  which  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
Is  associated  as  a  belligerent,  with  the  suggestion  that,  if  those  Governments  are  disposed  to  effect  peace 
upon  the  terms  and  principles  Indicated,  their  military  advisers  and  the  military  advisers  of  the  United 
States  be  asked  to  submit  to  the  Governments  associated  against  Germany  the  necessary  terms  of  Kucli 
an  armistice  as  will  fully  protect  the  interests  of  the  peoples  involved  and  insure  to  the  associated  Gov- 
ernments the  unrestricted  power  to  safeguard  and  enforce  the  details  of  the  peace  to  which  tne  German 
Government  has  agreed,  provided  they  deem  such  an  armistice  possible  from  the  military  point  of  view. 
Should  such  terms  of  armistice  be  suggested,  their  acceptance  by  Germany  will  afford  the  best  concrete 
evidence  of  her  unequivocal  acceptance  of  the  terms  and  principles  of  peace  from  which  the  whole  action 
proceeds. 

"The  President  would  deem  liimself  lacking  in  candor  did  he  not  point  out  in  the  frankest  possible  terms 
the  reason  why  extraordinary  safeguards  must  be  demanded.  Significant  and  important  as  the  consti- 
tutional changes  seem  to  be  which  are  spoken  of  by  the  German  Foreign  Secretary  in  his  note  of  October 
20,  it  does  not  appear  that  the  principle  of  a  Government  responsible  to  the  German  people  has  yet  been 
fully  worked  out  or  that  any  guarantees  either  exist  or  are  in  comtenplation  that  the  alterations  of  prin- 
ciple and  of  practice  now  partially  agreed  upon  will  be  permanent.  Moreover,  it  does  cot  appear  that 
the  heart  of  the  present  difficulty  has  been  reached.  It  may  be  that  future  war  has  been  brought  under 
the  control  of  the  German  people,  but  the  present  war  has  not  been,  and  It  is  with  the  present  war  that 
we  are  dealing.  It  is  evident  that  the  German  people  have  no  means  of  commanding  the  acquiescence 
of  the  military  authorities  of  the  empire  in  the  popular  will;  that  the  power  of  the  King  of  Prussia  to  con- 
trol the  policy  of  the  empire  is  unimpaired;  that  the  determinating  initiative  stUl  remains  with  those  who 
bave  hitherto  been  the  masters  of  Germany. 

"Feeling  that  the  whole  peace  of  the  world  depends  now  on  plain  speaking  and  straightforwariaction, 
the  President  deems  it  hia  duty  to  say,  without  any  attempt  to  soften  what  may  seem  harsh  woi'ds,  that 
the  nations  of  the  world  do  not  and  cannot  trust  the  word  of  those  who  have  hitherto  been  the  masters  of 
German  policy,  and  to  point  out  once  more  that  in  concluding  peace  and  attempting  to  undo  the  infinite 
Injuries  and  Injustices  of  this  war  the  Government  of  the  United  States  cannot  deal  with  any  but  veritable 
representatives  of  the  German  people,  who  have  been  assured  of  a  genuine  constitutional  standing  as  the 
real  rulers  of  Germany.  If  it  must  deal  ^Ith  the  military  masters  and  the  monarchical  autocrats  of  Ger- 
many now,  or  if  it  Is  likely  to  have  to  deal  with  them  later  in  regard  to  the  international  obligations  of  the 
German  Empire,  it  must  demand,  not  peace  negotiations,  but  surrender.  Nothing  can  be  gained  by  leav- 
ing this  essential  thing  unsaid.    Accept,  sir,  the  renewed  assurances  of  my  high  consideration. 

"Robert  Lansing. 

"Mr.  Frederick  Oederlin,  Charge  d'Aftaires  of  Switzerland,  ad  interim,  in  charge  of  German  interests 
In  the  United  States."  

PRINCE   MAX  ON    "DESPOTIC  CUSTOMS"   OF   "WESTERN    DEMOCRACIES." 

Prince  Max,  in  an  address  at  Baden,  at  the  Grand  Duchy's  Constitution  centennial  anniversary, 
August  22,  1918,  said:  "Tlie  war  has  dug  down  deep  and  brought  out  treasm-es  of  psychic  force  within  our 
people  which  many  a  doubter  before  the  war  would  have  deemed  possible  only  to  a  heroic  past.  But  in 
the  course  of  every  severe  and  long  war  there  have  always  been  moral  epidemics.  It  would  be  bold  to 
believe  that  any  warring  nation  can  remain  untouched  fi'om  such  influence.  These  dangers  threaten  us 
also,  but  they  can  be  subdued  if  the  intellectual  leaders  will  remain  conscious  of  their  task;  they  that  are — 
namely,  in  Plato's  words,  the  guardians  and  physicians  of  the  souls  of  the  nations.  These  nations  would 
be  bad  off  who  believed  that  the  torch  of  Christian  sentiment  should  be  lowered  during  the  war  in  the  hope 
that  it  could  be  raised  again  after  peace  with  new  life  and  pride.  Such  a  nation  would  have  lost  its  posi- 
tion as  torchbearer  of  clvihzation.  In  every  country  there  are  demagogues  who  are  little  bothered  by 
such  cares. 

"Yes,  the  hostile  governments  see  their  national  task  in  preserving,  even  after  peace,  a  feeling  of  natrea 
and  revenge  and  would  establish  it  by  agreements  which  are  bound  to  produce,  after  the  coming  peace, 
a  continuation  of  the  war  with  other  means.  Indeed,  he  would  be  a  bad  adviser  of  the  German  nation 
who  would  urge  us  to  take  an  example  from  Clemenceau  and  Lloyd  George  and  their  new  heathenism. 
It  Is  a  comfort  for  us  to  know  tliat  your  Royal  Highness,  true  to  the  great  maternal  example  of  our  honor- 
able Grand  Duchess  Louise,  regards  It  the  task  of  all  leading  forces  in  Germany  to  faithfully  guard,  even 
in  war,  the  moral  values  wlueh  have  been  chosen  and  put  to  test  during  an  intellectual  struggle  of  a  thou- 
sand years  and  In  wliioh  we  believed  la  peace  time  with  every  fiber  of  our  being.  Our  nature  and  our  liis- 
torlcal  development  show  us  the  path  to  this  position  as  guardian.  The  Constitution  of  Germany  makes 
possible  our  own  self-determination.    We  are  not  forced  to  regard  every  transitory  outburst  of  popular 


Lansing  on  Prussianism.  671 


PRINCE  MAX  ON  "DESPOTIC  CUSTOMS"  OF  "WESTERN  DEMOCRACIES— CO«f^n«etf. 

passion  and  every  rise  and  fall  of  sentiment  as  an  undeceivable  revelation  of  a  popular  will  to  which  we 
must  sacrifice  our  own  conscience. 

"Mob  rule,  lynch  justice,  boycott  of  those  who  think  other  than  you  do,  pogrom  against  foreigners, 
and  whatever  may  be  the  names  of  all  the  despotic  customs  of  the  Western  democracies  will,  we  hope,  al- 
ways remain  as  foreign  to  om-  nature  as  our  language.  It  may  be  that  the  EngUshmen,  French  and  Ameri- 
cans really  believe  in  the  distorted  picture  that  has  been  presented  to  them  by  their  agitating  propaganda. 
We  Imow  our  enemies  as  they  do  not  Jtnow  us  and  do  not  wish  to  know  us.  We  are  able  to  make  distinc- 
tions and  therelore  it  is  our  duty  to  judge  correctly  and  not  fail  to  hear  voices  of  angry  opposition  from 
the  depths  of  these  hostile  nations,  directed  against  the  low  and  rude  sentiments  of  our  enemies.  Such 
freedom  of  judgment  has  always  been  given  us.  In  a  civil  war  lasting  for  centuries  we  had  to  pass  through 
and  overcome  periods  of  intolerance.  The  settlement  of  internal  and  religious  differences  In  Germany 
has  become  on  a  small  scale  an  intellectual  preparation  for  a.  co-operation  of  the  nations.  Surely  the  unity 
of  the  German  Empire  could  only  be  successful,  because  faith  in  this  ideal  was  never  extinguished  even 
in  the  most  gloomy  periods  of  German  history.  Therefore  all  those  who  honestly  hold  dear  the  distant 
aims  of  a  community  of  nations  should  not  lose  faith  in  their  great  hopes,  even  though  the  present  atti- 
tude of  our  enemies  may  malce  the  words  'league  of  nations'  appear  ever  so  suspicious  to  us. 

"In  England,  France  and  America  the  determination  to  destroy  us  is  becoming  more  shamefully  ap- 
parent than  ever.  Their  old  long-shattered  illusions  are  again  rislnig.  But  they  shall  be  shattered  again. 
It  is  not  necessary  for  us  to  encourage  ourselves  to  remain  united.  Every  act,  every  speech  of  the  hostile 
Governments  calls  out  to  us:  'Close  your  ranks;  the  storm  which  is  threatening  our  national  lite  is  severe 
and  will  last  long.     Who  doubts  that  we  will  victoriously  withstand  it?'  " 


TURKEY     ASKS     U.     S.     TO     BRING     HER     PEACE. 

The  Spanish  Ambassador  at  Washington,  on  October  14,  1918,  handed  to  Secretary  Lansing  the  fol- 
lowing note  from  the  Turkish  Charge  d' Affaires  at  Madrid,  dated,  October  12,  1918:  "The  undersigned. 
Charge  d'Affaires  of  Turkey,  has  the  honor,  acting  upon  instructions  from  his  Govwmnent,  to  request 
the  Royal  Government  to  inform  tne  Secretary  of  State  of  the  United  States  of  America  by  telegraph  that 
the  Imperial  Government  requests  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America  to  take  upon  himself 
the  task  of  the  re-establishment  of  peace;  to  notify  all  belligerent  states  of  this  demand  and  to  invite  them 
to  delegate  plenipotentiaries  to  Initiate  negotiations.  It  (the  Imperial  Government)  accepts  as  a  basis 
for  the  negotiations  the  programme  laid  down  by  the  President  of  the  United  States  In  his  message  to  Con- 
gress of  January  8,  1918,  and  in  his  subsequent  declarations,  especially  the  speech  of  September  27.  In 
order  to  put  an  end  to  the  shedding  of  blood,  the  Imperial  Ottoman  Government  .requests  that  steps  be 
taken  for  the  immediate  conclusion  of  a  general  armistice  on  land,  on  sea,  and  in  the  air." 

LANSING    ON    PRUSSIANISM. 

Secretary  of  State  Ho-SiCRT  Lansing,  in  au  address  at  Columbia  University,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  on 
commencement  day,  June  9,  1918,  said:  "It  is  the  supreme  task  of  civilization  to  put  an  end  to  Prussian- 
ism. To  listen  to  proposals  for  a  Prussian  peace,  to  compromise  with  the  butchers  of  individuals  and  of 
nations  so  that  they  would  by  agreement  gain  a  benefit  from  their  crimes  would  be  to  compound  an  in- 
ternational felony,  which  this  Republic  will  never  do.  Force  is  the  one  way  to  end  Prussianism,  for  it  is 
the  only  thing  which  the  Prussian  respects.  This  wai-  for  democracy  must  be  waged  to  a  successful  con- 
clusion to  make  Uberty  and  justice  supreme  on  the  earth.  It  will  be  a  bitter  struggle,  with  lights  and  sha- 
dows, for  the  foe  Is  strong  and  stubborn;  but  in  the  end  we  shall  triumph,  for  we  must  triumph  or  abandon 
all  that  is  wortli  while  in  this  world.  May  every  American  so  live  and  so  serve  that  when  the  day  of  vic- 
tory over  the  Prussians  dawns,  as  it  will  dawn,  he  may,  by  right  of  faithful  service,  share  in  the  glory.  To 
that  bright  horn"  let  us  look  forward  with  confidence,  for  the  Supreme  Ruler  of  the  Univei'se  could  not  de- 
cree otherwise.  He  has  imposed  upon  us  and  our  brave  comrades  In  arms  the  task  of  freeing  mankind 
from  the  curse  of  avarice  and  inliumanity  which  besets  us.  He  has  put  upon  us  the  burden  of  making 
tiiis  world  a  fit  dwelling  place  for  civilized  men.  Let  us  not  shiink  from  the  task  or  seek  to  avoid  the  bur- 
den. Convinced  of  the  righteousness  of  our  cause  and  of  our  destiny  let  us  make  war  with  all  our  energy. 
Let  us  keep  our  banners  unfurled  and  our  trumpets  sounding  to  battle  until  victory  is  achieved.  - 

"Prussia  wickedly  sought  war  and  Prussia  shall  have  war  and  more  war  and  more  war  until  the  very 
thought  of  war  is  abhorrent  to  the  Prussian  mind.  So  I  read  the  spirit  of  America.  So  I  read  the  supreme 
purpose  of  the  Allies.  Victory  lies  before  us  and  beyond  victory  a  just  and  enduring  peace.  Until  that 
peace  is  sure  America  cannot  and  will  not  put  aside  the  sword." 

At  the  commencement  exercises  at  Union  College,  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  June  10,  1918,  Secretary  Lans- 
ing said:  "Paganism,  tinctured  wth  modem  materialism  and  a  degenerate  type  of  Christianity,  broods 
to-day  over  Germany.  Chi-istian  ministers  have  proclaimed  Jehovah  to  be  the  national  deity  of  the  em- 
pire, a  monopolized  German  God,  who  relies  on  the  physical  might  of  His  people  to  destroy  those  who  op- 
pose His  will  as  that  will  is  Interpreted  by  His  chosen  race.  Thus  the  Prussian  leaders  would  harmonize 
modern  thought  with  their  ancient  religion  of  physical  strength  through  brutalizing  Christianity.  In  view 
of  the  spirit  of  hypocrisy  and  bad  faith  manifesting  an  entire  lack  of  conscience,  we  ought  not  to  be  aston- 
ished that  the  Berlin  Foreign  Office  never  permitted  a  promise  or  a  treaty  engagement  to  stand  in  the  way 
of  a  course  of  action  which  the  German  Government  deemed  expedient.  I  need  not  cite  as  proof  of  thia 
fact  the  flagrant  violations  of  the  treaty  neutralizing  Belgium  and  the  recent  treaty  of  Brest-Litovsk. 
This  discreditable  characteristic  of  the  German  foreign  policy  was  accepted  by  German  diplomats  as  a 
matter  of  course  and  as  a  natural  if  not  a  praiseworthy  method  of  dealing  with  other  Governments.  Fred- 
erick the  Great,  with  cynical  frankness,  once  said:  'If  there  is  anything  to  be  gained  by  it,  we  will  be  honest. 
It  deception  is  necessary,  let  us  be  cheats.'  That  is  in  brief  ihe  immoral  principle  which  has  controlled 
tue  foreign  relations  of  Prussia  for  over  150  years. 

"It  is  a  fact  not  generally  known  that  within  six  weeks  after  the  Imperial  Government  had,  in  the  case 
of  the  Sussex,  given  to  this  Government  its  solemn  promise  that  it  would  cease  ruthless  slaughter  on  the 
high  seas.  Count  Bemstorff,  appreciating  the  worthlessness  of  the  promise,  asked  the  Berlin  Foreign  Office 
to  advise  him  in  ample  time  before  the  campaign  of  submarine  murder  was  renewed.  In  order  that  he  might 
notify  the  German  merchant  ships  in  American  ports  to  destroy  their  machinery  because  he  anticipated 
that  the  renewal  of  that  method  of  warfare  would  In  all  probability  bring  the  United  States  into  the  war. 
How  well  the  Ambassador  knew  the  character  of  his  Government,  and  how  perfectly  frank  he  was  I  He 
asked  tor  the  information  without  apology  or  indirection.  The  very  blimtness  of  his  message  shows  that 
he  was  sure  tha.t  his  superiors  would  not  take  offense  at  the  assumption  that  their  word  was  valueless  and 
had  only  been  given  to  gain  time,  and  that,  when  an  increase  In  Germany's  submarine  fleet  warranted 
the  promise  would  be  broken  without  hesitation  or  compunction." 


SONS  OF  THE  REVOLUTION  IN  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

Organized  in  1876.    Headquarters,  Fraunce's  Tavern,  Broad  and  Pearl  Streetfl,  New  Yort   City- 
President — Robert  Olyphant.     Treasurer — J.  Wray  Cleveland.    Secretary — H.  R.  Drowne. 


672  Text  of  Armistice  Granted  to  Austria  by  Allies. 


TERMS   OF    ARMISTICE    GRANTED   TO    TURKEY    BY    ALLIES. 

THE  terms  of  the  Allies  armistice  to  Turkey,  as  given  out  at  London,  November  1,  1918,  were  as  follows: 

I.  The  opening  of  the  Dardanelles  and  the  Bosporus  and  the  access  to  the  Black  Sea.  Allied  occupatloU 
,"■.*  i,nc  Dardanelles  and  Bosporus  forts. 

II.  The  positions  of  all  mine  fields,  torpedo  tubes  and  other  obstructions  in  Turkish  waters  are  to  be 
indicated,  and  assistance  given  to  sweep  or  remove  them,  as  may  be  required. 

fix.  AH  available  information  concerning  mines  in  the  Black  Sea  is  to  be  communicated. 

IV.  AU  Allied  prisoners  of  war  and  Armenian  interned  persons  and  prisoners  are  to  be  collected  in 
Constantinople  and  handed  over  unconditionally  to  the  Allies. 

V.  immediate  demobilization  of  the  Turkish  army,  except  such  troops  as  are  required  for  surveillance 
on  the  frontiers  and  for  the  maintenance  of  internal  order.  The  number  of  effectives  and  their  disposition 
to  be  determined  later  by  the  Allies  after  consultation  with  the  Turkish  Government. 

VI.  The  surrender  of  all  war  vessels  in  Turkish  waters  or  waters  occupied  by  Turkey.  These  ships 
will  be  interned  in  such  Turkish  port  or  ports  as  may  be  directed,  except  such  small  vessels  as  are  required 
for  police  and  similar  purposes  in  Turkish  territorial  waters. 

VII.  The  Allies  to  have  the  right  to  occupy  any  strategic  points  in  the  event  of  any  situation  arising 
which  threatens  the  seciu-ity  of  the  Allies. 

VIII.  Free  use  by  allied  ships  of  all  ports  and  anchorages  now  in  Turkish  occupation  and  denial  of 
their  use  by  the  enemy.  Similar  conditions  are  to  apply  to  Turkish  mercantile  shipping  in  Turkish  waters 
for  the  purposes  of  trade  and  the  demobilization  of  the  army. 

IX.  Allied  occupation  of  the  Taurus  tunnel  system. 

X.  Immediate  withdrawal  of  Turkish  troops  from  northern  Persia  to  behind  the  pre-war  frontier 
already  has  been  ordered  and  will  be  carried  out. 

XI.  A  part  of  Transcaucasia  already  has  been  ordered  to  be  evacuated  by  Turkish  troops.  The 
remainder  to  be  evacuated  if  required  by  the  Allies  alter  tliey  have  studied  the  situation. 

XII.  Wireless,  telegraph,  and  cable  stations  to  be  controlled  by  the  Allies.  Turkish  Government 
messages  to  be  excepted. 

XIII.  Prohibition  against  the  destruction  of  any  naval,  military  or  commercial  material. 

xrv.  FaciUties  are  to  be  given  for  the  purchase  of  coal,  oil,  fuel,  and  naval  material  from  Turkish 
sources  after  the  requirements  of  the  country  have  been  met.  None  of  the  above  materials  are  to  be 
exported. 

XV.  The  Bun'ender  of  all  Turkish  ofQcers  in  Tripolitania  and  Cyrenalca  to  the  nearest  Italian  garrison. 
Turkey  agrees  to  stop  supplies  and  communication  with  thesa  oflflcers  if  they  do  not  obey  the  order  to 
surrender. 

XVI.  The  surrender  of  all  garrisons  in  Hedjaz,  Assir,  Yemen,  Syria  and  Mesopotamia  to  the  nearest 
allied  commander,  and  withdrawal  of  Turkish  troops  from  Galicia,  except  those  necessary  to  maintain 
order,  aa  will  be  determined  under  Clause  6. 

XVII.  The  use  of  all  ships  and  repair  facilities  at  all  Turkish  ports  and  arsenals. 

XVIII.  The  surrender  of  all  ports  occupied  in  Tripolitania  and  Cyrenaica,  including  Misurata,  to 
the  nearest  allied  garrison. 

XIX.  All  Germans  and  Austrians,  naval,  military  or  civilian,  to  be  evacuated  within  one  month  from 
Turkish  dominions,  and  those  in  remote  districts  as  soon  after  that  time  as  may  be  possible. 

XX.  Compliance  with  such  orders  as  may  be  conveyed  for  the  disposal  of  equipments,  arras,  and 
ammunition,  including  the  transport  of  that  portion  of  the  Turkish  army  which  is  demobilized  under  Clause  5. 

^XXI.  An  allied  representati^'e  to  be  attached  to  the  Turkish  Ministry  of  Supplies  In  order  to  safe- 
guard allied  interests,  this  representative  to  bej  furnished  with  all  aid  necessary  for  this  purpose. 

XXII.  Turkish  prisoners  are  to  be  kept  at  the  disposal  of  the  Allied  Powers.  The  release  of  Turkish 
Civilian  prisoners  and  prisoners  over  military  age  is  to  be  considered. 

XXin.  An  obligation  on  the  part  of  Turkey  to  cease  all  relations  with  the  Central  Powers. 

XXIV.  In  case  of  disorder  in  the  six  Armenian  villayets  the  Allies  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  to 
occupy  any  part  of  them. 

XXV.  Hostilities  between  the  Allies  and  Turkey  shall  cease  from  noon,  local  time,  Thursday,  October 
31,  1918. 

THE   KAISER   AGREES  TO   CONSTITUTIONAL  REFORMS. 

On  the  occasion  of  the  Constitutional  amendment  coming  into  force,  said  an  official  telegram  from 
Berlin,  Emperor  William  addressed  to  Prince  Maximilian  of  Baden,  the  German  Imperial  Chancellor,  a 
decree,  on  October  28,  indorsing  the  decisions  of  the  Reichstag  and  avowing  his  firm  determination  to 
co-operate  in  their  full  development.  The  Emperor's  decree  read:  "Your  Grand  Ducal  Highness:  I 
return  herewith  for  immediate  publication  the  bill  to  amend  the  Imperial  Constitution  and  the  law  of  March 
17,  1879,  relative  to  the  representation  of  the  Imperial  Chancellor,  which  has  been  laid  before  me  for  slgna- 
liu'e.  On  the  occasion  of  this  step,  which  is  so  momentous  for  the  future  history  of  the  German  people,  I 
have  a  desire  to  give  expression  to  my  feelings.  Prepared  for  by  a  series  of  Government  acts,  a  new  order 
comes  into  force  which  transfers  the  fundamental  rights  of  the  Kaiser's  person  to  the  people.  Thus  comes 
to  a  close  a  period  which  will  stand  in  honor  before  the  eyes  of  future  generations.  Despite  all  struggles 
between  Invested  authority  and  aspiring  forces,  it  has  rendered  possible  to  our  people  that  tjremendous 
development  which  imperishably  revealed  Itself  in  the  wonderful  achievements  of  this  war. 

"In  the  terrible  storms  of  the  four  years  of  war,  however,  old  forms  have  been  broken  up,  not  to  leave 
their  ruins  behind,  but  to  make  a  place  for  new,  vital  forms.  After  the  achievements  of  these  times,  the 
German  people  can  claim  that  no  right  which  may  guarantee  a  free  and  happy  future  shall  be  withheld 
from  them.  The  proposals  of  the  Allied  Governments,  which  are  now  adopted  and  extended,  owe  their 
origin  to  this  conviction.  I,  however,  with  my  exalted  allies,  indorse  these  decisions  of  Parliament  In  firm 
determination,  so  far  as  I  am  concerned,  to  co-operate  In  their  full  development,  convinced  that  I  am  thereby 
promoting  the  weal  of  the  German  people.  The  Kaiser's  office  is  one  of  service  to  the  people.  May,  then, 
the  new  order  relea.se  all  the  good  powers  which  our  people  need  in  order  to  support  the  trials  which  are 
hanging  over  the  Empire  and  with  a  firm  step  win  a  bright  future  from  the  gloom  of  the  present. 

-'WILHELM,   I.  R." 

TEXT    OF    ARMISTICE    GRANTED    TO    AUSTRIA    BY    ALLIES. 

Following  is  the  cabled  text  of  the  Allies  armistice  to  Austria  as  given  out  by  the  State  Department 
at  Washington.    It  went  into  effect  at  3  P.  M.,  November  4,  191S. 

MILITARY     CLAUSES. 

I.  The  immediate  cessation  of  hostilities  by  land,  by  sea,  and  air. 

II.  Total  demobilization  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  Army  and  immediate  withdrawal  of  all  Austror 
Hungarian  forces   operating  on  the  front  from  the  North  Sea  to  Switzerland. 

Within  Austro-Hungarian  territory,  limited  as  in  Clause  3,  below,  there  shall  only  be  maintained 
as  an  organized  military  force  reduced  to  pre-war  effectives. 

Hall  the  divisional,  corps  and  army  artillery  and  equipment  shall  be  collected  at  points  to  be  indicated 


Text  of  Armistice  Granted  to  Austria  By  Allies.  f»7'3 


by  the  Allies  and  United  States  of  America  for  delivery  to  tliem,  beginning  with  all  such  inoterlal  as  exists 
in  the  territories  to  be  evacuated  by  the  Auslro-Hungarian  forces. 

ill.  Evacuation  of  all  territories  invaded  by  Austria-Hungary  since  the  beginning  of  the  war. 

Withdrawal  within  such  periods  as  sliall  be  determined  by  tlie  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Allied  forces 
on  each  front  of  the  Austro-Hiingarian  armie.s  behind  a  line  fixed  as  follows:  From  Pic  Umbrall  to  the 
north  of  the  Stelvlo  it  will  follow  the  crest  of  the  Rhetian  Alps  up  to  the  sources  of  the  Adige  and  the  Eiaach 
passing  thence  by  Mounts  Rcschen  and  Brenner  and  the  heights  of  Oetz  and  Zoaller.  The  line  thence 
Furns  .south,  cro.ssing  Mount  Toblach  and  meotiug  the  present  fronlier  Cariiic  Alps.  It  follows  this  frontier 
up  to  J.Iount  Tarvis.  and  after  Mount  Tarvis  tlie  water.slied  of  the  Julian  Alps  by' the  Col  of  Predil,  Mount 
Maugart.  the  Tricoruo  (Terglou),  and  the  water-shed  of  the  C!ols  di  Podberdo,  Podlaniscam,  and  Idria 
From  tiiis  point  the  line  turns  southeast  toward  the  Schueeberg,  excludes  the  wliole  basin  of  the  Save  and 
its  tributaries.  From  Schueeberg  it  goes  do\vn  toward  the  coarst  in  such  a  way  as  to  include  Castua,  Mat- 
tuglia.  and  Volosca  in  the  evacuated  territories.  It  will  also  follow  the  administrative  limits  of  the  present 
province  of  Dalmatia,  including  the  north  I^isarica  and  Trivauia,  and  to  tlie  .south  territory  limited  by  a 
line  from  the  (Semigrand)  Cape  Planca  to  tlte  summits  of  the  watersheds  eastward,  so  as  to  include  in 
the  e\!icuated  area  all  the  valleys  and  water  courses  flowing  toward  Sebeuico,  such  as  the  Clcola,  Kerka, 
Butlsniea.  and  their  tributaries.  It  will  al.so  iTicUide  all  the  i.slauds  in  the  north  and  west  of  Dalmatia  from 
Premuda.  oelve,  Uibo,  Sehorda,  Maon,  Piiga,  and  Piuitadura,  in  the  north,  up  to  Meleda,  in  the  south, 
embracing  Santandrea,  Busi,  Lisa,  Leslua,  'I'ercola,  Curzola,  Cazza,  and  Lagosta,  as  well  as  the  neighboring 
ifoelvs  and  islets  and  pas.sagos,  only  excejiting  the  i.slands  of  Great  and  Small  Ziroua,  Bua,  Solta,  and  Brazza. 

All  territory  thus  evacuated  sliall  be  occupied  by  the  forces  of  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America. 

All  military  aud  railway  efiuipmeiit  of  all  kinds,  including  coal  belonging  to  or  within  those  territorie.s, 
to  be  left  in  situ  and  sun'endered  to  the  Allies,  according  to  special  orders  given  by  the  Commander-in- 
Ciiief  of  the  forces  of  tlie  associated  powers  on  the  different  fronts.  No  new  destruction,  pillage,  or  requisition 
to  be  done  by  enemy  troops  in  the  torritorie.s  to  be  evacuated  by  them  and  occupied  by  the  forces  of  the 
associated  powers. 

IV.  The  Allies  sliall  have  the  right  of  free  movement  over  all  road  aud  rail  and  water  ways  in  Austro- 
Hungarian  teri'ltory  and  of  tlie  use  of  the  necessary  Austrian  aud  Hungarian  means  of  transportation. 
The  armies  of  the  associated  powers  shall  occupy  such  .strategic  points  in  Austria-Hungary  at  times  as  they 
may  deem  necessary  to  enable  them  to  conduct  military  operations  or  to  maintain  order. 

They  shall  have  the  right  of  requisition  on  payment  tor  the  troops  of  the  associated  powers  wherever 
tliey  may  be. 

V.  Complete  evacuation  of  all  German  ii-oops  wifhiu  lifteen  days,  not  only  from  the  Italian  and  Balkan 
fronts  but  from  all  Austro-Hungarian  territory.  Internment  of  all  German  troops  which  have  not  left 
Austria-Hungary  witliin  the  date. 

VI.  The  administration  of  the  evacuated  territories  of  Au.stria-Huugary  will  be  intrusted  to  the  local 
authorities,  under  the  control  of  the  Allied  and  n.ssociated  armies  of  occupation. 

VII.  The  immediate  repatriation  without  reciprocity  of  all  Allied  prisoners  of  .war  and  internal  subjects 
of  civil  populations  evacuated  from  their  homes,  on  conditions  to  be  laid  down  by  the  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  forces  of  the  associated  powers  on  the  various  fronts.  Sick  and  wounded  who  cannot  be 
removed  from  evacuated  territory  will  be  cared  for  by  Austro-Hungarian  per.sonnci  who  will  be  left  on  the 
spot  with  the  medical  materi.Tl  rcQuired. 

NAVAL     CONDITIONS. 

■  I.  Immediate  ccs.sation  of  all  hostilities  at  sea  and  definite  information  to  l)e  given  as  to  the  location 
and  movements  of  all  Austro-Hungarian  ships.  Notification  to  l)e  made  to  neutrals  that  freedom  of  navi- 
gation in  all  territorial  waters  i.s  given  to  tlie  naval  and  mcrcuntile  marine  of  the  Allied  and  associated 
powers,  all  questions  of  neutrality  being  w.Tived. 

II.  Surrender  to  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  fifteen  Austro-Huugarian  submarines  completed 
between  the  years  1910  aud  1918,  .and  of  all  German  submarine.s  wliich  are  in  or  may  hereafter  enter  Austro- 
Hungarian  territorial  waters.  All  other  Austro-Hungarian  submarines  to  be  paid  off  and  completely  dis- 
armed nnd  to  remain  under  the  supervision  of  the  Allies  and  the  United  States. 

III.  Surrender  to  the  Allies  and  the  United  Slates  with  their  complete  armament  and  eriuipment  of 
three  battleships,  three  light  cruisers,  nine  destroyer.s,  twelve  torjiedo  boats,  one  mine  layer,  sl;^  Danube 
monitor.';,  to  be  designated  by  the  AUies  and  the  Untied  States  of  .Vmerica.  All  other  surface  warships. 
incUididg  river  craft,  ai'e  to  be  concentrated  in  Austro-IIungnrian  naval  bases  to  be  designated  by  the  Allies 
and  the  United  States  of  America,  and  are  to  be  paid  ofl  and  coiniiletely  disarmed  and  placed  under  the 
.superrision  of  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America. 

IV.  Freedom  of  imvlgatlon  to  all  warships  and  merchant  shi])s  of  the  AiUed  and  associated  powers 
to  be  given  in  the  Adriatic  and  up  the  River  Danube  and  its  tributaries  in  the  territorial  waters  and  territory 
of  Austria-Hungary.  The  Allies  aud  associated  powers  shall  have  the  right  to  sweep  up  all  mine  fields 
{ind  obstructions,  and  tlie  positions  of  the.se  are  to  be  indicated.  In  order  to  insure  the  freedom  of  navigation 
on  the  Danube,  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America  shall  be  empowered  to  occupy  or  to  dismantle 
all  fortifications  or  defeuse  works. 

V.  The  existing  blockade  conditions  set  uji  by  the  AlUed  and  associated  powers  are  to  remain  un- 
changed, and  all  Austro-Hungarian  merchant  sliipa  found  at  sea  are  to  remain  liable  to  capture,  save  ex- 
ceptions which  may  be  made  by  a  commission  uominated  by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America. 

VI.  All  naval  aircraft  are  to  be  concentrated  and  Impactiouizcd  in  .\ustro-Hungarian  bases  to  be 
designated  by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  A.mei1ca.  , 

VII.  Evacuation  of  all  the  Italian  coasts  and  of  all  ports  occupied  by  Austria-Hungary  outside  their 
nationEl  ten-itory  aud  the  abandonment  of  all  floating  craft,  naval  materials,  CQUlpment  aud  mateilals  for 
inland  nartgation  of  all  kinds. 

Vllt.  Occupation  bv  the  AUies  and  the  United  States  of  America  of  the  land  and  .sea  fortifications 
and  fhe  islands  which  form  the  defenses  and  of  the  dockyards  and  ar.senal  at  Pola. 

ix.  All  merchant  vessels  licid  by  Austria-Hungary  belonging  to  the  Allies  and  associated  powers  to 
lie  returned. 

X.  No  destruction  of  ships  or  of  materials  to  i)e  permitted  before  evacuation,  surrender,  or  restoration. 

XI.  All  naval  and  mercantile  marine  prisoners  of  the  AlUed  and  associated  powers  in  Austro-Hungarian 
hands  to  be  returned  without  recii)rocity.  ' 

CONGRATULATIONS  TO  ITALY. 

THE  PRESIDENT,  November  4,  1918,  sent  the  following  message  by  cable  to  tlie  King  of  Italy:  "May 
I  not  say  how  deeply  and  slncerelv  the  people  of  the  United  States  rejoice  that  the  soil  of  Italy  is  delivered 
from  her  enemies?  In  their  name  i  send  Your  Majesty  and  the  great  Italian  people  the  most  rnthusiaatic 
cong'-at  Illations."  Secretary  Lansing  sent  this  message  to  Bnrou  Sonnino,  Italian  Minister  /or  Foreign 
Afifai'^,  cow  iUi  Versailles:  ""At  the  moment  of  the  comolete  victory  of  the  Italian  arms  I  take  this  meauB 
of  copvej-xiig  to  vou  mv  mo.st  sincere  congratulations.  The  Government  of  the  United  States  admires  the 
4Tilor  ;.r  ilic  ivriUau  armies  and  unites  with  tlie  Ualiatv  natlou  in  this  hour  of  rejoicing  and  of  tilumph." 


674  Germany  Notified  Her  Peace  Plea  Is  Granted. 

THE    TURKISH    ARMISTICE. 

The  armistice  granted  by  the  Allies  and  accepted  by  Turkey,  as  made  public  November  1,  1918,  at 
London,  consisted  of  the  following  terms:  •      ,   ^  .„.  ^ 

I.  The  openinfe  of  the  Dardanelles  and  the  Bosporus  and  access  to  the  Black  Sea.  Allied  oci'upation 
of  the  Dardanelles  and  Bosporus  forts.  ,  „    , ,  , 

II.  The  positions  of  all  mine  fields,  torpedo  tubes  and  other  obstructions  In  Turkish  waters  are  to 
be  Indicated  and  assistance  given  to  sweep  or  remove  them,  as  may  be  required. 

III.  All  available  information  concerning  mines  in  the  Black  Sea  Is  to  be  communicated. 

rv.  All  Allied  prisoners  of  war  and  Armenian  interned  persons  and  prisoners  are  to  be  collected  in 
Constantinople  and   handed   over  unconditionally   to  the  Allies. 

V.  Immediate  demobilization  of  tlie  Turkish  Army,  except  such  troops  as  are  required  for  surveillance 
on  the  frontiers  and  for  tlie  maintenance  of  internal  older.  The  number  of  effectives  and  their  dJ.spositlon 
to  be  determined  later  by  the  Allies  after  consultation  with  the  Turkish  Government. 

VI.  The  surrender  of  all  war  vessels  in  Turkish  waters  or  waters  occupied  by  Turkey.  These  snips 
will  be  Interned  in  such  Turkish  port  or  ports  as  may  be  directed,  except  such  snudl  vessels  as  are  required 
for  police  and  similar  purposes  in  Turkish  territorial  waters.  . 

VII.  The  Allies  to  have  tlie  right  to  occupy  any  strategic  points  in  the  event  of  any  situation  arising 
which  threatens  the  security  of  the  Allies.  _    ,  .  ,  .  ... 

VIII.  Free  use  by  Allied  ships  of  all  ports  and  anchorages  now  in  Turkish  occupation  and  denial  of 
their  use  by  the  enemy.  Similar  conditions  are  to  apply  to  Turkish  mercantile  sliipplug  in  Tm-kish  waters 
for  the  purposes  of  trade  and  the  demobilization  of  the  army. 

IX.  Allied  occupation  of  the  Taurus  tunnel  system.  ^  ,     ,     ,_ 

X.  Immediate  withdrawal  of  Tui'kish  troops  from  northern  Persia  to  behind  the  pre-w&v  frontier 
already  has  been  ordered  and  will  be  carried  out.  ,  ,      ^    , .  ^  „,,. 

XI.  A  part  of  Transcaucasia  already  has  been  ordered  to  be  evacuated  by  Turkish  ti'oops  The 
remainder  to  be  evacuated  if  required  by  the  Allies  after  they  have  studied  the  situation. 

XII.  Wireless,  telegraph  and  cable  stations  to  be  controlled  by  the  AUi&s.  Turkish  Government 
messages  to  be  excepted.  .  . 

XIII.  Prohibition  against  tlie  destruction  of  any  naval,  military  or  commercial  material. 

XIV.  Facilities  are  to  be  given  for  the  purchase  of  coal,  oil  fuel  and  naval  material  from  Turkish 
sources,  after  the  requirements  of  the  country  have  been  met.  None  of  the  above  materials  are  to  be  ex- 
ported. ■  .    ..  , 

XV.  The  surrender  of  all  Turkish  officers  in  Tripolitania  and  Cyrennica  to  the  nearest  Italian  garrison. 
Turkey  agrees  to  .stop  supplies  and  communication  with  these  officers  it  they  do  not  obey  the  order  to  sur- 
render. 

XVI.  The  smrender  of  all  garrisons  In  Hedjaz,  Asslr,  Yemen,  Syria  and  Mesopotamia  to  the  nearest 
Allied  commander,  and  withdrawal  of  Turkish  troops  from  Cilirla,  except  those  necessary  to  mainljiiu  order, 
as  will  be  determined  under  clause  6. 

XVII.  The  use  of  all  ships  and  repair  facilities  at  all  Turkish  ports  and  arsen.'^ls. 

XVIII.  The  surrender  of  all  ports  occupied  In  Tripolitania  and  Cyreuaica,  including  Mlsurata,  to  the 
nearest  Allied  garrison.  ,   , 

XIX.  All  Germans  and  Austrians,  naval,  military  or  civilian,  to  be  evacuated  within  one  month  from 
Turkish  dominions,  and  those  in  remote  districts  as  soon  after  that  time  as  may  be  possible. 

XX.  Compliance  with  such  orders  as  may  be  conveyed  for  the  disposal  of  equipments,  aims  and 
ammunition,  including  the  transport  of  that  portion  of  the  Turkish  Army  which  is  demobilized  under  clause  6. 

XXI.  An  Allied  reoresentatlve  to  be  attached  to'^he  Turkisii  Ministry  of  Sui-plies  in  order  to  safe- 
guard Allied  Interests.     This  representative  to  be  furnished  with  ail  aid  necessary  lor  lliis  purpos.j. 

XXII.  Turkish  prisoners  are  to  be  kept  at  the  disposal  of  the  Allied  Powers.  The  release  of  Turkish 
civilian  prisoners  and  prisoners  over  military  age  is  to  be  considere<l. 

XXIII.  An  obligation  on  tlie  part  of  Turkey  to  cease  all  relations  with  the  Central  Powers. 

XXIV.  In  case  of  disorder  in  the  six  Armenian  vilayets  the  Allies  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  to 
occupy  any  part  of  them. 

XXV.  Hostilities  between  the  Allies  and  Turkey  shall  cease  from  noon,  local  time,  Thursday,  the 
31st  of  October,   1918.  ,„  ^ 

On  November  1  a  fleet  of  Allied  mine  sweepers  began  to  clear  the  Dardanelles,  after  which  the  Allien 
fleet  passed  through  the  Bosporus  to  the  Black  Sea. 


GERMANY    NOTIFIED    HER    PEACE    PLEA    IS    GRANTED. 

On  November  4,  1918,  the  State  Department,  at  Washington,  made  public  the  following  i.ote  from 
Secretary  Lansing  to  the  German  Government,  through  the  Swiss  Legation:  "In  my  note  of  October  23, 
1918,  I  advised  you  that  the  President  had  transmitted  his  con-espondenee  with  the  German  anl;horit.ies  to 
the  Governments  witli  which  the  Government  of  the  United  States  is  associated  as  a  belligerent,  with  the 
suggestion  that  if  those  Governments  were  disposed  to  accept  peace  upon  the  ternls  and  principles  indicated, 
their  military  advisors  and  the  military  advisers  of  the  United  States  be  asked  to  submit  to  the  Governments 
associated  against  Germany  the  necessary  terms  of  such  an  armistice  as  v.ould  fully  protect  the  interests  of 
tlie  peoples  involved  and  insure  to  the  Associated  Governments  the  unrestricted  power  to  safeguard  .ind  en- 
force the  details  of  the  peace  to  which  the  German  Government  had  agreed,  provided  they  deem  such  an 
armistice  possible  from  the  military  point  of  view.  The  President  is  now  in  receipt  of  a  memorandum  of 
observations  by  the  Allied  Governments  on  this  correspondence,  which  is  as  follows: 

"  'The  Allied  Governments  have  given  careful  consideration  to  the  correspondence  wliicli  has 
passed  between  the  President  of  the  United  States  and  the  German  Government.  Subject  to  the  quali- 
fications which  follow,  they  declare  tlieir  willingness  to  make  peace  with  the  Government  of  Germany 
on  the  terms  of  peace  laid  down  in  the  President's  address  to  Congress  of  January,  1918,  and  the  prin- 
ciples of  settlement  enunciated  in  his  subsequent  addresses.  They  must  point  out,  however,  that 
Clause  2,  relating  to  what  is  usually  described  as  the  freedom  of  the  seas^  la  open  to  various  interpreta- 
tions, some  of  which  they  could  not  accept.  They  must,  therefore,  reserve  to  themselves  complete 
freedom  on  this  subject  when  they  enter  the  peace  conference.  jFurther,  in  the  conditions  of  peace 
laid  down  in  his  address  to  Congress  of  January  8,  1918,  the  President  declared  that  Invaded  territories 
must  be  restored  as  well  as  evacuated  and  freed.  The  Allied  Governments  feel  that  no  doubt  ought 
to  be  allowed  to  exist  as  to  what  this  provision  implies.  By  it  they  understand  that  compensation 
•  wUl  be  made  by  Germany  for  all  damage  done  to  the  civilian  population  of  the  Allies  and  their  property 
by-  the  aggression  of  Germany  by  land,  by  sea  and  from  the  air.' 

"I  am  instructed  by  the  President  to  say  that  he  is  in  agreement  with  the  Interpretation  set  forth  la 
the  last  paragraph  of  the  memorandum  above  quoted.  I  am  further  instructed  by  the  President  to  request 
you  to  notify  the  German  Government  that  Marshal  Foch  has  been  authorized  by  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  and  the  Allied  Governments  to  receive  properly  accredited  representatives  of  the  German 
Government  and  to  communicate  to  them  terms  of  an  armistice.  Accept,  sir,  the  renewed  assurances  of 
my  lilghest  r  >nslderatlon.     Robert  LA>fSiNG." 

The:  President's  second  point,  on  which  decision  was  reserved,  read:  "'Absolute  freedom  of  navigation 
upon'tbe  seas  outside  territorial  waters  alike  in  peace  and  war,  except  as  the  seas  may  be  closed  in  whole 
or  In  p.art  by  international  action  for  the  enforcement  of  international  covenants." 


British  Red  Cross  Society.  673 


UNITED  STATES  TO  SUPPORT  ROUMANIA. 

S£C«ETABr  Lansing  sent.  November  5.  1918,  the  following  note  to  Rouraania ,  tlii-ough  tbe  Wasliinetou 
rcoreyfi^tatlve  of  that  Government: 

"Sir:  The  Government  of  the  United  States  has  constantly  had  in  mind  the  future  welfare  and  integrit  v 
01  Koumania  as  a  free  and  independent  country  and  prior  to  the  existence  of  a  state  of  war  between  the 
United  States  and  Austria-Hunsary  a  message  of  sympathy  and  appreciation  was  sent  by  the  President  to 
the  King  of  Roumania.  Conditions  have  changed  since  that  time  and  the  President  accordingly  desires 
me  to  inform  you  that  the  Government  of  the  United  States  is  not  unmindful  of  the  aspirations  of  the  Rou- 
manian people  without  as  well  r.s  within  the  t)oundarics  of  the  kingdom.  It  has  witnessed  their  struggles 
and  sufferings  and  s.icriflres  In  1  lio  cause  of  freedom  from  their  enemies  and  their  oppressors  Viith  the  spirit 
of  national  unity  and  the  aspirations  of  the  Roumanians  everywhere  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
deeply  sympathizes  and  will  not  neglect  at  (he  proper  time  to  exert  its  influence  that  the  just  political  and 
territorial  rights  of  the  Roumanian  people  may  he  obtained  and  made  secure  from  all  foreign  aggression 
Accept,  sir,  the  renewed  assurances  of  mj'  hi^iU  consideration.    Robert  Lansing." 

PROTEST    GERMAN    RUINATION    OF    BELGIAN     MINES. 

Secretary  Lansino  published.  Noveml)pr  7.  1918,  the  following  note  from  him  to  tlie  German  Gov- 
oriimeiit,  through  the  Bwiss  Minister  at  AVasjiiugton:  t."In  its  note  of  October  20  the  Germau  Government 
smnouuced  that  'the  German  troops  arc  under  the  strictest  instructions  to  spare  private  proj>ertv  and  to 
exerci.se  care  for  the  i)opuIation  to  the  best  of  ilieir  ability..'  Information  has  now  reached  the  Government 
01  the  United  Stales  to  the  effect  tliat  the  (Jerman  aiitlioritles  in  Belgium  have  given  notice  to  the  coal 
mining  companies  that  all  men  and  animals  sl-ould  be  brought  out  of  the  pits;  that  all  raw  materials  in  the 
possession  of  the  companies  should  be  delivered  to  the  Germans  and  that  the  mines  will  be  destroyed  at  once. 

"Acts  so  wanton  and  malicious,  involving  as  they  do  the  destruction  of  a  vital  necessity  to  the  civilian 
population  of  Belgium  and  the  consequent  suffering  and  loss  of  human  life  which  will  follow,  cannot  fail  to 
impress  the  Government  and  Uic  people  of  the  United  States  as  wilfully  cruel  and  inhuman.  If  these  acts, 
in  flagrant  violation  of  the  declaration  of  October  20,  are  perpetrated  it  will  confirm  the  belief  that  the  solemn 
assuratices  of  the  German  Government  are  not  given  in  good  faith.  In  the  circumstances  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  to  which  the  declaration  df  October  20  was  made,  enters  an  emphatic  protest  against 
the  meosures  contemplated  by  the  Germau  aiillioritics,  for  whose  conduct  the  Government  of  Germany  is 
wholly  responsible."  

THE    GERMAN    NEW    GOVERNMENT'S    APPEAL    TO    NATION. 

C'H.vxcELLOB  FiiiEumcH  EBEUT,  on  a.ssumiug  office  as  successor  to  Prince  Maximilian  of  Baden,  issued 
the  loUoviing  manifesto,  November  9,  191S:  "The  new  Government  has  taken  charge  of  business  in  order 
to  preserve  the  German  people  from  civil  war  and  famine  and  in  order  to  enforce  its  just  claims  of  self-de- 
termination. This  task  only  can  be  accomplished  if  all  authorities  in  all  civil  offices  in  towns  and  in  landed 
districts  lend  a  helpful  hand.  I  know  it  will  be  hard  for  many  to  co-operate  with  the  new  men  who  now  have 
to  lead  the  business  of  the  empire.  But  I  appeal  to  their  love  for  our  people.  If  the  organization  of  public 
life  stops  in  this  serious  hour,  then  Germany  would  be  the  prey  of  anarchy  and  most  terribly  miserable. 
Therefore,  lend,  together  with  me,  your  help  to  our  country  by  continuing  work  in  a  fearless  and  unrelenting 
manner — everybody  in  his  position  until  the  hour  has  come  tliat  relieves  us  of  our  dut.v. 

•'Citizens:  Former  Chancellor  Prince  Max  of  Baden,  with  the  assent  of  all  the  Secretaries  of  State, 
has  charored  me  to  carry  on  the  business  of  Chancellor.  I  am  going  to  form  a  new  Government  with  parties 
and  shall  report  with  brief  delay  about  results  to  the  public.  The  new  Government  will  be  a  Government 
of  the  people.  Its  endeavor  must  be  to  bring  to  the  people  peace  as  quickly  as  possible  and  to  confirm  the 
liberty  which  It  has  gained.  Citizens,  I  ask  for  the  assistance  of  you  all  in  the  heavy  task  which  awaits  you. 
You  know  how  seriously  war  threatens  provisionment  of  the  people,  which  is  the  first  condition  of  jioUtical 
lite. 

"Political  revolution  ought  not  to  disturb  approvislonment  of  laud  districts  nor  production  of  food 
nor  its  transportation  into  towns,  but  to  foster  it.  Scarcity  of  food  means  looting  and  plundering,  with 
misery  for  all.  The  poorest  would  suffer  in  the  most  heavy  fashion.  Workingmen  in  industries  would  be 
hit  most  severely.  WTiosoever  takes  away  food  or  other  objects  of  necessity  or  means  of  transportation 
necessary  for  their  distribution  commits  the  heaviest  sin  against  all.  Citizens,  1  urge  you  .all  to  leave  streets 
and  provide  for  quiet  and  order." 


BRITISH    RED    CROSS    SOCIETY. 

(Condensed  fiom  the  London  Times.) 


The  Red  Cross  movement  originated  during  the 
war  iJi  Italy,  in  1859,  but  did  not  take  organized 
shape  I'.ntil  a  meeting  held  at  Geneva,  Switzerland, 
October  26,  1863.  Delegates  were  present  repre- 
.sentiiig  Austria,  Spain,  France,  Great  Britain,  Hol- 
land. Prussia  and  six  other  German  States,  Sweden, 
Switzerland,  Belgium,  I>enmark.  Italy,  and  Por- 
tugal. A  badge  (a  white  armlet  with  a  red  cross  on 
it)  was  made  a  compulsory  sign  of  the  organization. 
A  National  Society  tor  Aid  to  the  Sick  and  Wounded 
in  War  was  formed  in  England  in  1870,  which  soon 
became  known  as  the  "Red  Cross  Society."  At  a 
conference,  In  1898,  of  members  of  the  "Red  Cross 
Society,'  the  St.  John  Ambulance  Association,  and 
the  Army  Nursing  Service  Reserve,  it  was  resolved 
to  tinite  in  forming  a  body  to  be  known  as  the  "Cen- 
tra! British  Red  Cross  Council."  This  was  organ- 
ized in  1899,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  Boer  War. 

After  that  war  it  was  felt  that  a  still  closer  union 
of  agencies  giving  voluntary  help  to  the  Army  Ser- 
vice ought  to  be  achieved,  and  so,  on  July  17,  1905, 
a  meeting  was  held  at  Buckingham  Palace,  imder 
the  Pri;jidency  of  Queen  Alexandra,  with  the  object 
of  founding  one  society  which  shoidd  represent  and 
co-ordinate  all  the  Red  Cross  work  in  the  empire. 
The  British  Red  Cross  Society  was  therefore  inau- 
gurated at  this  meeting.  It  included  the  old  National 
Society  for  Aid  to  the  Sick  and  Wounded  in  War  and 
ftleio  the  more  recent  Central  British  Red  Cross  Coun- 


cil, on  which  representatives  from  the  National  Aid 
Society,  the  Order  of  St.  John  and  the  St.  Andrew's 
Ambulance  Association,  the  Army  Nursing  Service 
Reserve,  the  V.'ar  Office,  and  the  Admiralty  had  sat. 
The  old  National  Aid  Society  ceased  to  exist,  and 
became  entirely  merged  in  the  new  British  Red  Cross 
Society.  In  1906  a  second  Geneva  Convention  was 
drawn  up  which  is  frequently  contused  with  that  of 
1864.  Sir  John  Ftirley,  who  had  been  so  closely  iden- 
tified with  this  movement  and  who  is,  indeed,  doyen 
of  the  International  delegates  of  the  Red  Cross  So- 
cieties, was  sent  out  by  the  Foreign  Office  as  one  of 
the  delegates  to  the  conference.  The  Conference 
drew  up  thirty-three  articles  dealing  with  the 
wounded  and  sick,  medical  imits  and  estattUshments, 
personnel,  material,  convoys  of  evacuation,  the  dis- 
tinctive emblem,  the  application  and  carrying  out  of 
the  convention,  the  prevention  of  abuses  and  in- 
fractions, and  general  provisions.  As  a  compliment 
to  Geneva  the  heraldic  emblem  of  the  red  cross  on 
white  ground,  formed  by  reversing  the  colors  of  the 
city,  was  retained  as  the  emblem  and  distinctive  sign 
of  the  medical  service  of  armies. 

On  the  outbreak  of  the  present  war  the  British 
Red  Cross  Society  at  once  called  together  its  va- 
rious agencies  to  the  help  of  the  War  Office,  and  iu 
October,  1914,  the  Order  of  St.  John  decided  to  co- 
operate with  the  society  for  the  pm'poses  of  the  war. 
A  joint  committee  of  the  two  societies  was  therefore 
forme<l  with  this  object. 


676  Terms  of  German  Armistice. 

imilumt  Announces  to  ^nn%xtnn  ®losr  of  tJie  Wiut— 
srcrms  of  (SSittm^vi  ^tntCsttte. 

The  President,  on  Monday,  November  11,  1918,  announced  to  Congress,  In  joint  session,  tho  armis- 
tice tenas  to  Germany,  and  tlie  consequent  close  of  the  war,  in  the  following  address: 

"Gentleman  ot  tUe  Congress:  In  these  times  of  rapid  and  stupendous  change  it  will  in  some  degree 
lighten  my  sense  of  responsibility  to  perform  in  person  the  duty  of  communicating  to  you  some  of  the  larger 
circumstances  ot  the  situation  with  which  it  is  uecessai-y  to  deal.  The  German  authorities,  who  have  at 
the  invitation  of  the  Supreme  War  Council,  been  in  communication  with  Marshal  I'och,  have  »t;cepted 
and  signed  the  terms  of  armistice  whicU'Sie  was  authorized  and  instructed  to  commimlcatc  to  them.  These 
terms  are  as  follows: 

THE    ARMISTICE. 
I.  MILITARY  CLAUSES  ON  WESTERN  FRONT. 

"I.  Cessation  of  operations  by  land  and  in  the  air  six  houi's  after  the  signature  of  the  araaiKtiee. 

"II.  Immediate  evacuation  of  invaded  countries:  Belgium,  France,  Alsace-Lorraine,  l..ux;cm- 
Inirg,  so  ordered  as  to  be  completed  within  foiuteen  days  from  the  signature  of  the  armistice.  (Jer- 
luan  troops  which  liavo  not  left  the  above-mentioned  territories  within  the  period  fixed  will  brcomc 
prisoners  of  war.  Occupation  by  the  allied  and  United  States  forces  Jointly  will  koop  pace  with  f.y&c\x- 
ation  in  these  areas.  All  movements  of  evaciiation  and  occupation  will  be  regulated  in  accordance 
with  a  note  aimexed  to  the  statotl  terms. 

"III.  Repatriation,  begluuiiip:  at  ouce  and  to  be  completed  within  fourt^ea  days,  of  all  iuhal.'iijinta 
of  the  countries  above  mentioned,  Jnciuding  hostages  and  persons  imdor  trial  or  convicted. 

"IV.  Surrender  in  good  condition  !)y  the  German  armies  of  the  following  eauipment:  Five  fi.ou- 
sand  guns  (2,500  heavy,  2,000  licUi),  30,000  machine  guns.  Three  thousand  miuenwerfers.  Two 
thousand  airplan&s  (lighters,  bombers — firstly,  I),  seventy-three's  and  night  bombing  machines).  The 
above  to  be  delivered  In  situ  to  the  Allies  and  tlie  United  States  troops  in  accordance  with  the  detailed 
conditions  laid  down  in  the  annexed  note. 

"V.  Evacuation  by  the  Gerriian  armies  of  the  countries  on  the  loft  bank  of  the  Rhine.  These 
coiuitries  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rlilne  shall  be  administered  by  the  local  authorities  under  the  control 
of  the  allied  and  United  States  armies  of  occupation.  The  occupation  ot  these  territories  will  be  de- 
termfaed  by  allied  and  United  States  ganisons  holding  the  principal  cro.sslngs  of  the  Rhine — Maycnce, 
Coblenz,  Cologne — together  with. bridgeheads  at  these  points  in  thirty  lillometer  radius  on  the  right 
bank  and  by  garrisons  similarly  holding  the  strategic  points  of  the  regions.  A  neutral  zone  shall  be 
reserved  on  the  right  of  the  Rhine  between  the  stream  and  a  line  drawn  parallel  to  it  forty  kilometers  • 
to  the  east  from  the  frontier  of  Holland  to  the  parallel  of  Gernshelm  and  as  far  as  practicable  a  dis- 
tance of  thirty  kilometers  from  the  east  of  the  stream  from  this  parallel  upon  the  Swiss  frontier.  Evacu- 
ation by  the  enemy  of  the  Rhine  lands  shall  be  so  ordered  as  to  be  completed  within  a  further  period  of 
eleven  days — in  all,  nineteen  days  after  the  signature  of  the  armistice.  (Here  the  President  interrupted 
his  reading  to  remark  that  there  evidently  had  been  an  error  In  transmission,  as  the  arithmetic  was  very  ■ 
bad.  The  "further  period"  of  eleven  days  is  in  addition  to  the  fourteen  days  allowed  for  evacuation 
of  Invaded  countries,  making  twenty-five  days  given  to  the  Germans  to  get  entirely  clear  of  the  Rhine 
lauds.)    All  movements  of  evacuation  and  occupation  will  be  regulated  according  to  the  note  annexed. 

"VI.  In  all  territory  evacuated  by  the  enemy  there  shall  be  no  evacuation  of  inhabitant s;  no 
damage  or  harm  shall  be  done  to  the  persons  or  property  of  the  inhabitants.  No  destruction  of  any 
kind  to  be  committed.  Military  establishments  of  all  kinds  shall  be  delivered  Intact  as  well  as  mili- 
tary stores  of  food,  munitions,  equipment  not  removed  during  the  periods  fixed  for  ev.icuation.  stores 
of  food  of  all  Idnds  for  the  civil  population,  cattle,  etc.,  shall  be  left  in  situ.  Industrial  establjshiiients 
shall  not  bo  impaired  In  any  way  and  their  personnel  shall  not  be  moved.  Roads  and  means  of  com- 
mimicatlon  of  every  kind,  railroad,  waterways,  main  roads,  bridges,  telegraphs,  telephones,  shall  be 
in  no  manner  impaired. 

"VII.  All  civil  and  military  personnel  at  present  employed  on  them  shall  remain.  Five  ihou- 
«and  locomotives,  50,000  wagons,  and  10,000  motor  lorries  in  good  working  order  with  all  necessary 
spare  parts  and  fittings  shall  be  delivered  to  the  Associated  Powers  within  the  period  fixed  tor  the 
evacuation  of  Belgium  and  Luxemburg.  The  railwayfl  of  Alsace-Loiraine  shall  be  handed  over  within 
the  same  period,  together  with  all  pre-war  personnel  and  material.  Further  materi.al  necessary  for 
the  working  of  railways  in  the  country  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine  shall  be  left  tn  situ.  All  stores 
of  coal  and  material  for  the  upkeep  of  permanent  ways,  signals  and  repair  shops  left  entire  in  situ  and 
kept  In  an  efficient  state  by  Germany  during  the  whole  period  of  armistice.  All  barges  taken  from 
the  Allies  shall  be  restored  to  them.     A  note  appended  regulates  the  details  of  tnese  measures. 

"VIII.  The  German  command  shall  be  responsible  for  revealing  all  mines  or  delay-acting  fuse 
disposed  on  territory  evacuated  by  the  German  troop.s,  and  shall  assist  in  their  dlscovei-y  and  destruc- 
tion. The  German  command  shall  also  reveal  all  destructive  measures  that  may  have  been  taken 
(such  as  poisoning  or  polluting  of  springs,  wells,  etc.)  under  penalty  of  reprisals. 

"IX.  The  right  of  requisition  sliali  be  exercised  by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  armies  in  all 
occupied  territory.  The  upkeep  of  the  troops  of  occupation  in  the  Rhine  land  (excluding  Alaace- 
Lorraine)  shall  be  charged  to  the  German  Government. 

"X.  An  immediate  repatriation  without  reciprocity  according  to  detailed  conditions,  which  sliall 
bo  fixed,  of  all  allied  and  United  States  prisoners  of  war.  The  allied  powers  and  the  United  States  shall 
be  able  to  dispose  of  these  prisoners  as  they  wish. 

"XI.  Sick  and  wounded  who  cannot  be  removed  from  evacuated  territory  will  be  cared  for  by 
German  personnel,  who  will  be  left  on  the  spot  with  the  medical  materials  required. 

U.  DISPOSITION  RELATIVE  TO  THE  EASTERN  FRONTIERS  OF  GERMANY. 

"XII.  All  German  troops  at  present  in  any  territory  which  before  the  war  belonged  to  Russia, 
Roumania  or  Tm'key,  shall  withdraw  within  the  frontiei's  of  Germany  as  they  eiiisted  on  August  1, 
1914. 

"XIII.  Evacuation  by  German  troops  to  begin  at  once,  and  all  German  Instructors,  prisoners. 
and  civilian  as  well  as  military  agents  now  on  the  territory  of  Russia  (as  defined  before  19 14)  to  be 

"xiv.  German  troops  to  cease  at  once  all  requisitions  and  seizures  and  any  other  underta,king 
with  a  view  to  obtaining  supplies  intended  for  Germany  tn  Roumania  and  Russia  (as  defined  on  August 
1.  1914). 

"X.V.  Abandonment  of  the  treaties  of  Bucharest  and  Brest-Litovsk  and  of  the  supplementary 
treaties. 

"XVI.  The  Allies  shall  have  free  access  to  the  territories  evacuated  by  the  Germans  on  tJielr 
eastern  frontier  either  through  Danzig  or  by  the  Vistula  in  order  to  convey  supplies  to  the  popula- 
tions .of  those  territories  or  for  any  other  purpose. 

III.  CLAUSE  CONCERNING  EAST  AFRICA. 

"XVIIi  Unconditional  capitulation  of  nil  German . forces  operating  In  East  Africa  witliin  one 
month. 


Tero')is  of  German  Armistice— Continued.  67T 

IV.  GENERAL  CLAUSES. 

"XV'III.  Repatriation,  without  reciprocity,  within  a  maximum  period  of  one  month,  in  accordanca 
with  detailed  conditions  here.after  to  be  tixed,  ol  all  civilians  interned  or  deported,  who  may  be  citizens 
of  otlier  allied  or  associated  States  than  those  mentioned  lu  Clause  Three,  Paragraph  Nineteen,  with 
the  reservation  that  any  future  claims  and  demands  of  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America 
remain  unaffected. 

••XIX.  The  following  financial  conditions  are  required:  Reparation  for  damage  done.  While 
such  armistice  lasts  no  public  securities  shall  be  removed  by  the  enemy  which  can  serve  as  a  pledge 
to  the  Allies  for  the  recovery  or  reparation  for  war  losses.  Immediate  restitution  of  the  cash  deposit 
lu  the  National  Bank  ol  Belgium,  and  in  general  immediate  return  of  ail  documents,  specie,  stocks, 
shares,  paper  money,  together  with  plant  for  the  j,s.sue  thereof,  toucliing  public  or  private  interests 
In  the  invaded  coumrles.  Restitution  of  the  Russian  and  Roumanian  gold  yielded  to  Germany  or 
taken  by  that  power.    TUte  gold  io  oe  delivered  in  trust  to  the  Allies  imtil  the  signature  of  peace. 

V.  NAVAL  CONDITIONS. 

■'XX.  Immediate  cessation  of  all  hostilliies  at  sea  and  definite  information  to  be  given  as  to  the 
location  and  movements  61  all  German  ships.  Notification  to  be  given  to  neutrals  that  freedom  of 
navigation  in  all  territorial  waters  is  given  to  the  naval  and  mercantile  marines  of  the  allied  and  as- 
sociated powers,  ail  questions  of  neutrality  being  waived. 

•'XXI.  All  naval  and  mercantile  marine  prisoners  of  the  allied  and  associated  powers  in  Ger- 
man hands  to  be  returned  without  reciprocity.  - 

•'XXII.  Surrender  to  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America  of  one  hundred  and  sixty  Ger- 
man .submarines  (including  all  submarine  ciiiiHers  and  mine  laying  submarin&s),  with  their  complete 
armament  and  equipment  in  ports  which  Mill  be  speciiicd  by  the  Allies  and  tlie  United  States  ol 
-America.  All  other  submarines  to  be  paid  oif  and  completely  disarmed  and  placed  under  the  super- 
vision of  the  allied  powers  and  tlie  Uiiiied  States  of  America. 

"XXIII.  The  following  Gwman  surface  warships,  which  .shall  be  designated  by  the  Allies  and 
the  United  States  of  Amenca,  .sliall  forthwith  be  disarmed  and  thereafter  interned  in  neutral  ports, 
or  for  the  want  of  them,  in  allied  ports,  to  be  designated  by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America, 
and  niaced  imder  theBurveillaJice  of  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America,  only  caretakers  being 
left  bu  board,  namely:  Six  battle  cruisers,  ten  battleships,  eight  light  cruisers,  including  two  mine 
layers,  lifty  destroyers  of  the  most  modern  type.  All  otlier  surface  warships  (including  river  craft), 
are  to  be  concentrated  in  German  naval  bases  to  be  designated  ))y  the  Allies  and  the  United  S*"*:- 
of  America,  and  are  to  be  paid  oK  and  completely  disarmed  and  placed  under  the  superviiion  of  the 
Allies  .and  the  United  States  of  America.  All  vessels  of  the  auxiliary  lleet,  trawlers,  motor  vessels, 
etc.,  sre  to  be  disarmed. 

'XXIV.  The  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America  shall  have  the  right  to  sweep  up  all  mine 
fields  and  obstruciions  laid  by  Germany  outside  German  territorial  waters  and  the  positions  ol 
these  are  to  be  indicated 

"XXV.  Freedom  of  access  to  and  from  the  JJaitic  to  be  given  to  the  naval  and  mercantile  marines 
of  the  allied  and  associated  powers.  To  secure  tl)ls  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America  shall 
be  empowered  to  occupy  all  German  forts,  fortiflcafions,  batteries  and  defense  works  of  all  kinds  la 
all  the  entrances  from  the  Cattegat  into  the  Baltic,  and  to  sweep  up  all  mines  and  obstructions  (rithin 
and  without  German  territorial  waters,  without  any  question  of  neutrality  being  raised,  and  the  posi- 
tions of  all  such  mines  and  obstructions  are  to  be  indicated. 

"XXVI.  The  existing  blockade  conditions  set  up  l)y  the  allied  and  associated  powers  are  to  r&- 
main  imclianged,  and  all  German  merchant  ships  found  at  sea  are  to  remain  liable  to  capture. 

"XXVII.  AU  naval  aircraft  are  to  be  concentrated  and  immobilized  in  German  bases  to  be  speci- 
fied by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America. 

"XXVIII.  In  evacuating  the  Belgian  coasts  ■m\<X  ports,  Germany  shall  abandon  all  merchant 
ships,  tugs,  lighters,  cranes  and  all  other  harljor  materials,  all  materials  for  inland  luivigation,  all  air- 
craft and  all  materials  and  stores,  all  arms  and  armaments,  and  ail  stores  and  apparatus  of  all  kinds. 

"XXIX.  All  Black  Sea  ports  are  to  be  evacuated  by  Germany;  all  Russian  war  vessels  of  all 
descriptions  seized  by  Germany  in  the  Black  Sea  are  to  be  handed  over  to  the  Allies  and  the  United 
States  of  America;  all  neutral  merchant  vessels  seized  are  to  be  releasetl;  all  warlike  and  other  ma- 
terials of  all  kinds  .seized  In  those  ports  are  to  be  returned  and  German  materials  as  specified  in  Clause 
Twenty-eight  are  to  be  abandoned. 

"XXX.  All  merchant  vessels  in  German  hands  belonciing  to  the  allied  and  associated  powers 
are  to  be  restored  in  ports  to  be  specified  by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  of  America  without  reci- 
procity. 

"XXXI.  No  destruction  of  ships  or  of  materials  to  be  permitted  before  evacuation,  surrender, 
or  restoration. 

"XXXII.  The  German  Government  will  notify  the  neutral  Governments  of  the  world,  and  pat»- 
ticuiarly  the  Governments  of  Norway,  Sweden,  Denmark,  and  Holland,  that  all  restrictions  placed 
on  the  trading  of  their  vessels  with  the  allied  and  associated  countries,  whether  by  the  German  Gov- 
ernment or  by  private  German  interests,  and  whether  in  return  for  .specific  concessions,  such  as  the 
export  of  shipbuilding  materials  or  not,  are  immediately  cancelled. 

"XXXIII.  No  transfers  of  German  merchant  shipping  of  any  description  to  any  neutral  flag  are 
to  take  placO'  after  .'Signature  of  the  armistice. 

VI.  DURATION  OF  ARMISTICE. 

"XXXIV.  The  duration  of  the  armistice  is  to  be  thirty  days,  with  option  to  extend.  During 
this  period,  on  failure  of  execution  of  any  of  the  above  clauses,  the  armistice  may  be  denounced  by 
one  of  the  contracting  parties  on  foity-eiglit  hours'  previous  notice. 

VII.  THE  LIMIT  FOR  REPLY.    . 
"XXXV.  This  armistice  to  be  accepted  or  refused  by  Germany  within  seventy-two  hours  of  noti- 
fication. 

"The  war  thus  comes  to  an  cud;  for,  having  accepted  these  terms  of  armistice,  It  will  be  Impossible 
lor  the  German  command  to  renew  it, 

"It  is  not  now  possible  to  assess  the  consequences  of  this  great  consummation.  We  know  only  that 
this  tragical  war,  who.se  consumlug  flames  swept  from  one  nation  to  another  until  all  the  world  was  on  flre, 
is  at  an  end,  and  that  it  was  the  privilege  of  oiu-  own  people  to  enter  it  at  its  most  critical  jimcture  In  such 
fashion  and  In  such  force  as  to  contribute,  in  a  way  of  which  we  are  all  deeply  proud,  to  the  great  result. 
We  know,  too,  that  tlie  object  of  tlie  war  is  attained;  the  object  upon  which  all  free  men  had  set  their  hearts; 
and  attained  with  a  sweeping  completeness  which  even  now  we  do  not  realize.  Armed  imperialism  such 
aa  the  men  concei^■ed  who  were  but  yesterday  the  masters  of  Germany  is  at  an  end,  its  illicit  ambitiona 
engulfed  in  black  disaster.  Wlio  will  now  seek  to  revive  it?  The  arbitrary  power  of  the  military  caste 
ol  Germany  which  once  could  secretly  and  of  its  own  single  choice  disturb  the  peace  of  the  world  Is  dis- 
credltetl  and  destroyed.  And  more  than  tliat — much  more  than  that — has  been  accomplished..  The 
great  nations  which  associated  themselves  to  destroy  it  have  uoav  definitely  united  in  the  common  pur- 
pose' to  sot  up  such  a  peace  as  will  satisfy  the  longing  of  the  whole  world  for  disinterested  justice,  embodied 


678  Terms  of  German  Armistice— Continued. 

In  eettlements  which  are  based  upon  something  much  better  and  more  lasting  that  the  selflsh  competitive 
intereste  of  powerful  states.  There  Is  no  longer  conjecture  as  to  the  objects  the  victors  have  In  mind. 
They  have  a  mind  in  the  matter,  not  only,  but  a  heart  also.  Their  avowed  aT\d  concerted  purpose  is  to 
satisfy  and  protect  the  weals  as  well  as  to  accord  their  just  rights  to  the  strong. 

"The  humane  temper  and  intention  of  the  victorious  Governments  have  already  been  ma,nilestcd  in 
a  very  practical  way.  Their  representatives  In  the  Supremo  War  Comicil  at  Versailles  have  by  unanl- 
mouB  resolution  assured  the  peoples  of  the  Central  Empires  that  everytlUng  that  is  possible  in  the  cir- 
cumstances will  be  done  to  supply  them  with  food  and  relieve  the  distressing  want  that  is  in  so  many  places 
threatening  their  very  lives;  and  steps  are  lo  be  taken  immediately  to  organize  the.sc  efforts  at  ri>Iief  in 
the  same  systematic  manner  that  they  were  organized  in  the  case  of  Belgium.  By  tUe  use  of  the  idle  ton- 
nage of  the  Central  Empires  it  ought  presently  to  be  possible  to  lift  the  fear  of  utter  misery  from  their 
oppressed  populations  and  set  their  minds  and  energies  free  for  the  great  and  ha7ji,rdoua  tasks  of  political 
reconstruction  which  now  face  them  on  every  hand.  Hunger  does  not  breed  reform;  it  breeds  madness 
and  all  the  ugly  distempers  that  make  an  ordered  life  impossible. 

"For  with  the  fall  of  the  ancient  Governments,  which  rested  like  an  incubus  on  the  peoples  of  the 
Central  Empires,  has  come  political  ciiange  not  merely,  but  revolution;  and  revolution  which  seems  as 
yet  to  assume  no  final  and  oiHlered  form,  but  to  run  from  one  fluid  change  to  another,  imtll  thoughtful  men 
are  forced  to  ask  themselves,  with  what  governments  and  of  what  sort  are  we  about  to  deal  in  the  making 
of  the  covenants  of  peace?  With  what  authority  will  they  meet  us.  and  witli  what  assurance  that  their 
authority  will  abide  and  sustain  securely  the  international  arrangements  into  which  wo  are  about  to  enter? 
There  is  here  matter  for  no  small  anxiety  and  misgiving.  When  peace  is  made,  upon  whose  promises  and 
engagements  besides  our  own  is  it  to  rest? 

"Ijei  us  be  perfectly  frank  with  ourselves  and  admit  th.at  these  Questions  cannot  be  satlsta'-n^oriiy 
answered  now  or  at  once.  But  the  moral  Is  not  that  there  is  little  hope  of  an  eaily  answer  that  will  sufflcc. 
It  is  only  that  we  must  be  \  atient  and  helpful  and  mindful  above  all  of  the  great  hope  and  confidence  that 
lie  ,at  the  heart  of  what  Is  .aking  place.  E.xcesses  accomplish  nothing.  Ifnhappy  Russia  has  furnished 
abundant  recent  proof  of  tha. .  Disorder  immediately  defeats  Itself,  if  excesses  should  occur,  if  disordei' 
sliould  for  a  time  raise  its  hea>',  a  sober  second  thought  \vlll  follow  and  a  day  of  constructive  action,  \i  we 
help  and  do  not  hinder.  The  present  and  all  that  it  holds  belong  to  the  nations  and  tlio  peoples  wiio  pro- 
serve  their  self-control  and  the  oiderly  processes  of  their  Governments,  the  future  to  tho.se  who  prove  them- 
selves the  true  friends  of  mankino  To  conQiicr  with  arms  is  to  make  only  a  tempoiary  conquest;  to  con- 
quer the  world  by  earning  its  estec^m  is  to  malse  permanent  conquest.  I  am  confldent  that  the  nations 
that  have  lejimed  the  discipline  of  ireedom  and  tliat  have  settled  with  self-possession  to  Its  orderc)  prac- 
tice are  now  about  to  make  conquest  o'  the  world  by  the  sheer  power  of  example  and  of  friendly  helpf uiuess. 

"The  peoples  who  have  but  just  come  out  from  under  the  yoke  of  arbitrary  government  and  w)io  are 
now  coming  at  last  into  their  freedom  will  never  find  the  treasures  of  liberty  they  are  in  search  of  if  they 
look  for  them  by  the  light  of  the  torch.  They  will  And  that  every  pathway  that  is  stained  with  the  Mood 
of  their  own  brothers  leads  to  the  wilderness,  not  to  the  seat  of  tlielr  hope.  They  arc  now  face  to  face 
with  tlielr  Initial  test.  We  must  hold  the  light  steady  until  they  find  themselves.  And  in  the  mean  time. 
If  it  be  po.ssible,  we  must  establish  a  peace  that  will  justly  dettno  their  place  among  tlie  nations,  remove 
all  fear  of  their  neighbors  and  of  their  former  masters,  and  enable  them  to  live  In  security  and  content- 
ment when  they  have  set  their  own  affairs  in  order.  I,  for  one,  do  not  doubt  their  purpose  or  their  capac- 
ity. There  are  some  happy  signs  that  they  know  and  will  choose  the  way  of  self-control  and  peaceful 
accommodation.  If  they  do,  we  shall  put  our  aid  at  their  disposal  In  every  way  that  we  can.  If  they 
do  not,  we  must  await  with  patience  and  sympathy  the  awakening  and  recovery  that  will  assuredl.v  come 
at  last. 


A  supplementary  declaration  to  the  armistice  terms  was  signed  to  the  effect  that,  in  the  event  of  the 
six  German  battle  cruisers,  ten  battleships,  eight  light  cruisers,  and  fifty  destroyers,  not  being  handed  over, 
owing  to  a  mutinous  state,  the  Allies  reserved  the  right  to  occupy  Helgolaiid  as  au  advaUce  ba-se  t<i  cii.ablc 
them  to  enforce  the  terms. 

THE  AMENDED  ABMISTICE. 

Changes  In  the  armistice  torm.s  with  Germany,  which  stiffened  them  in  some  vital  respects,  were  made 
before  their  final  signature.  They  were  not  known  at  Wasliiugton  when  the  President  read  tho  armis- 
tice to  Congress.  They  relate  chiefly  to  the  amount  of  nuitcrial  and  time  of  surrender  and  do'  no;  :iffect 
the  general  purport  ol  the  conditions. 

MUST  GIVE  UP  ALL  U  BOATS. 

Tlie  most  Interesting  change  relates  to  submarines.  Originally  Germany  was  ordered  to  tuin  over 
100  U  boats,  but  the  revised  edition  of  the  terms  provides  lihat  all  submarines  of  every  descriptiou  must 
be  surrendered  to  the  Allies,  and  tliey  must  be  ou  their  way  to  the  ports  designated  by  the  Allien  within 
two  weeks  after  getting  the  order. 

Instead  of  60,000  railroad  cars — lor  that  is  how  the  word  wagons  following  locomotives  Is  Interpreted 
— the  revised  terms  call  for  150,000. 

It  was  the  matter  of  transport  demands  that  brought  the  protest  from  Foreign  Minister  Soil. 
The  blockade  continuing  in  force  he  did  not  see  how  food  would  reach  Germany,  and  tlie  demand  for  5,000 
locomotives  and  150,000  cars  further  alarmed  him.  This,  in  connection  with  the  order  that  Germany 
should  feed  the  troops  of  occupation,  gave  him  the  idea  tliat  the  starvation  of  Germany  was  intended. 

Dr.  Solf  did  not  know  that  our  intentions  were  not  those  of  Germany  when  she  made  similar  demands 
on  Belgium,  and  that  the  Allies  meant  to  use  the  German  ships  to  bring  food  and  the  locomoilves  iW.  cars 
to  distribute  it  under  the  directions  of  Hoover  who  will  soon  be  on  his  way  to  take  up    the  task. 

FULL  TEXT  OP  ALLIED  TERMS. 

Here  are  the  amended  terms  as  annoimced  by  the  State  Department: 

Article  3.  Fifteen  days  instead  of  fourteen  are  allowed  lor  the  repatriation,  beginning  at  (tnco, 
of  all  the  Inhabitants  removed  from  invaded  countries,  including  hostages  and  persons  imder  trial 
or  convicted. 

Article  4.  Providing  for  the  surrender  of  munitions  and  equipment  reduces  the  number  ot  ma- 
chine gvms  to  be  delivered  from  30,000  to  25,000,  the  number  of  aiiplanea  from  2,000  to  1,700. 

Article  5.  Providing  for  the  evacuation  by  the  Germans  ot  the  countries,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  stipulates  that  these  countries  shall  be  administered  by  "the  local  troops  of  occupation"  in- 
stead of  by  the  local  authorities  under  the  control  ot  the  Allied  and  United  States  Armle-i,  and  ■ 
the  occupation  is  to  be  "carried  out  by"  instead  of  "determined  by"  Allied  and  United  States  gar- 
risons holding  strategic  points  and  the  principal  crossings  of  the  Rhine.  Thirteen  days  Instead  ol 
twenty-five  are  allowed  for  completion  of  the  evacuation.  - 

Article  6.    Providing  that  no  damage  or  harm  shall  be  done  to  persona  and  property  in  terri- 
tory evacuated  by  the  Germans  has  a  sentence  added  specifically  stipulating  that  no  person  shall  b« 
■   prosecuted  for  offenses  of  paiticipatlon  in  war  measures  prior  to  the  signing  of  the  armistice 

-  '  Article  7.  Pi'ovidlng  for  the  abandonment  or  delivery  In  good  order  to  the  associated  powers 
ot  all  roads  and  means  ol  communUiation  and  tr.ansportatlon  in  evacuated  territory,  calls  for  150,000 
wagoas  (ralhoad  cars)  Instead  of  50,000,  5,000  motor  lorries  instead  of  10,000,  and  requires  that  all 
civilian  and  military  personnel  at  present  employed  ou  such  means  of  communication  and  trannporta- 


Armistice  Orders  to  Allied  Armies.  679 


TICRMS  OK  GKRMAN  ARMISTICE— CowMnJied. 


iJon  incliidijjg  waterways.  6hall  remain.  Thirty-one  instead  of  twenty-flve  days  are  allowed  for  handing 
over  the  material.  Tliirty-.six  days  are  allowed  for  the  handing  over  of  the  railways  of  Alsace- L.orralne, 
tostether  with  the  pre-war  ijersounol. 

RIGHT  OF  REQUISITION. 

Article  8.  rorty-eight  liovir.s  is  given  the  German  command  to  reveal  destructive  measures, 
such  as  polluted  springs  and  v>ells.  and  to  reroal  and  assist  in  discovering  and  destroying  mines  or 
delayed  action  fuses  on  evacuated  territory.     No  time  limit  was  fixed  originally. 

Article  9.  Providing  for  the  right  of  requisilion  by  the  United  States  and  Allied  armies  In  oc- 
cupied territorj-,  has  the  clause  added  ' 'subject  to  reg\ilation  of  accounts  with  those  whom  it  mav 
con Cera." 


interned  in  Holland  and  in  Swiizorlimd  sluill  continue  .as  before.     The  repatriation  of  German  prisoners 
of  war  shall  ho  regulated  al:  the  conclusion  of  the  preliminaries  of  peace." 

Article  12.  Providing  for  the  witlidrawal  of  German  troops  from  territory  which  belonged  be- 
fore the  war  to  Russia,  Roumania  and  Turkey,  is  rcAnittcn.  Territory  which  belonged  to  Austrla- 
Hungarj-  is  added  to  that  from  which  the  Gcnnau.s  must  withdraw  immediately,  and  as  to  territory 
which  belonged  to  Russia  it  is  provided  that  the  German  troops  now  there  shall  withdraw  within  the 
frontiers  of  Germany  "as  soon  an  the  Allies,  taking  iuto  account  the  internal  situation  of  those  terri- 
tories, shall  decide  that  the  time  for  this  has  come." 

Article  15.  '"Renimciation"  is  sub.stitiil etl  for  "abandonment"  in  stipulating  that  the  Treaties 
of  Bucharest  and  Brest-Litovsk  .are  nullillwl. 

Article  10.  Providing  free  access  tor  the  Allies  into  territory  evacuated  through  the  German 
eastern  frontier,  Ls  changed  so  as  to  declare  such  access  is  tor  the  purpose  of  conveying  supplies  to  the 
populations,  and  for  the  purpose  of  luaiutiiining  order,"'  instead  of  "or  for  any  other  purpose." 

COlvOXIKS  IN  EAST  AFRICA. 
Article  17.    Originally  providing  for  the  "unconditional  capitulation"  witlUu  one  month  of  all 
German  forces  operatiBg  in  East  Africa,  is  substituted  by  a  clause  re(iuiriug  only  "evacuation  by  all 
Gennan  forces  operating  in  East  Africa  within  a  i)eriod  to  bs  fixed  by  the  Allies." 

Article  IS.  Providing  for  the  repatriation  of  all  civilians  belonging  to  the  Allies  or  associated 
powers  other  than  those  enumerated  in  Aiticle  :},  is  amended  to  eliminate  a  reservation  that  any  future 
claims  or  demands  by  the  Allies  and  the  United  States  siiall  remain  imatfected. 

Aiticle  22.  Providing  for  the  surroidor  ot  100  German  submarines,  is  changed  to  read  "all  sub- 
marines now  existing,"  with  the  added  stipula.tiou  that  "those  which  cannot  take  these  (take  the  sea) 
shall  be  disarmed  of  the  material  .and  persojiuel  and  shall  remain  under  the  supervision  of  the  Allies 
and  the  United  States."  Further  prox'isious  arc  added  roftulring  that  all  the  conditions  of  the  article 
shall  be  carried  into  effect  within  fourteen  days,  that  submarines  ready  for  sea  shall  be  prepared  to 
leave  German  ports  immediately  upon  orders  by  wireless,  and  the  remainder  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment. 

Article  23.  Providing  for  the  disposition  of  German  surface  warships,  had  additional  clauses 
requiring  that  vessels  designated  for  Intontmeut  sliall  be  ready  to  leave  German  ports  within  seven 
days  upon  directions  by  wireless,  and  that  the  military  armament  of  all  vessels  ol  the  auxiliary  fleet 
shall  be  put  on  .shore. 

Article  20.  Providing  that  the  Allied  blockade  remains  unchanged  has  this  sentence  added: 
"The  Ai^hs  and  the  umted  States  should  give  consideriiiion  to  the  provisioning  of  Germany  during 
the  armistice  to  the  extent  recognized  as  necessary." 

Article  28.  Providing  conditions  of  e^'acuatiou  of  tlie  Belgian  coast  (from  which  the  Germans 
BCtually  had  been  driven  before  the  armistice  was  signed)  was  changed  in  minor  particulars. 

Article  34.  Pro\'iding  that  the  duration  of  the  armistice  shall  be  thirty  days,  and  that  if  its 
clauses  are  not  carried  into  execution,  it  may  be  renounced  upon  forty-eight  hours'  warning,  has  the 
following  added:  It  is  imderstood  that  the  execution  of  Articles  3  and  18  shall  not.  warrant  the  de- 
mmciatiou  of  the  armistice  on  tlie  ground  of  insufficient  execution  within  a  period  fixed  except  in  the 
•  case  of  bad  faith  in  carrjdng  them  into  execution.  In  order  to  assure  the  execution  of  this  conven- 
tion under  the  best  conditions  the  principle  of  a  permanent  international  armistice  commission  is 
admitted.  "This  commission  shall  act  imder  the  authority  of  the  Allied  military  and  naval  commanders 
in  chief." 

KING  GEORGE  THANKS  AMERICA  FOR  VICTORY. 
King  George,  on  the  signing  of  the  armistice,  sent  a  message  of  congratulation  to  President  Wilson 
and  of  tlianks  to  the  people  of  the  United  States  for  their  aid  in  the  war.     President  Wilson  replied  ex- 
pressing warm  appreciation.    The  King's  message  follows: 

"At  this  moment  of  universal  gladnCss  I  send  you,  Mr.  President,  and  the  people  of  your  great  He- 
public,  a  message  of  congratulation  and  deep  thanks  in  my  own  name  and  that  of  the  people  of  this  Em- 
pire. It  is  indeed  a  matter  of  solemn  thanksgiving  that  the  peoples  of  our  two  coiuitries,  akin  in  spirit 
as  in  speech,  should  to-day  be  unltetl  in  this  greatest  ot  democracy's  achievements.  I  thank  you  and  the 
people  of  the  United  States  for  the  highland  noble  part  which  you  have  played  in  this  glorious  chapter 
of  history  and  freedom." 

President  Wilson's  cablegram  to  King  George  follows: 

"Your  generous  and  gracio>is  message  is  most  warmly  appreciated,  and  you  may  rest  assured  that 
our  hearts  on  this  side  of  the  Atlaoitic  are  the  more  completely  filled  with  joy  and  satisfaction  because  we 
know  the  great  partnership  of  mterests  and  of  sentiments  to  which  we  belong.  We  are  happy  to  be  as- 
sociated in  this  time  of  triumph  with  the  government  and  people  upon  whom  we  are  so  sure  we  can  count 
for  co-operation  in  the  delicate  and  difficult  tasks  which  remain  to  be  performed  in  order  that  the  high 
piU'poses  of  the  war  may  be  i-ealizetl  and  established  in  the  reign  of  equitable  justice  and  lasting  peace." 

ARMISTICE    ORDERS  TO    ALLIED   ARMIES. 

Orders  announcing  that  the  armistice  between  the  Allied  Powers  and  Germany  had  been  signed  and 
giving  directions  as  to  the  futiu-e  conduct  of  Allied  soldiers  along  the  line  were  sent  to  every  corps  on  the 
mormng  of  November  11,  1918.    They  were  transmitted  to  the  units  in  the  front  ranks.    The  orders  follow: 

"I.  You  are  informed  that  hostilities  will  cease  along  the  whole  front  at  11  o'clock  A.M.;  Nov.  11, 1918, 
Paris  time.  II.  No  Allied  troops  will  pass  the  line  reached  by  them  at  that  hour  in  date  until  further  orders. 
ill.  Division  commanders  will  immediately  sketch  the  location  of  their  front  line.  This  sketch  will  be 
returned  to  headquarters  by  the  courier  bearing  these  orders.  IV.  All  communication  with  the  enemy, 
both  before  and  after  the  termination  of  hostilities,  is  absolutely  forbidden.  In  case  of  violation  of  this 
order,  severest  disciplinary  measures  will  be  immediately  taken.  Any  ofiflcer  offending  will  be  sent  to 
Headquarters  under  guard.  V.  Every  emphasis  will  be  laid  on  the  fact  that  the  arrangement  is  an  armistice 
only,  and  not  a  peace.  VI.  Tliere  must  not  be  the  slightest  relaxation  of  vigilance.  Troops  must  be  pre- 
pared at  any  moment  for  further  operations.  VII.  Special  steps  will  be  taken  by  all  commanders  to  insure 
sfflctest  discipline  and  tliat  all  troops  be  held  In  readiness  full}'  prepared  for  any  eventuality.  VIII.  Division 
«HMi  Brigade  Commanders  will  personally  communicate  these"  orders  to  ail  organizations.' 


680  Tlie  1918  Thanksgiving  Prodamatimi. 


GERMANY   APPEALS   TO   AMERICA    AFTER   SURRENDER. 

FotLOWENG  is  the  text  of  an  appeal  by  Gerijiaii  Foreign  Secretary  Solf  to  President  Wilson,  sent  by 
TcirdesB  Irom  Berlin  to  Secretary  Lansing,  and  made  public  at  London.  November  11.  1918:  "Convinced 
ol  tUe  common  aims  and  ideals  of  democracy,  the  German  Government  has  addressed  itself  to  the  President 
of  the  United  States,  with  the  request  to  reestablish  peace.  This  peace  was  meant  to  coirespond  with  the 
principles  the  President  always  has  maintained.  The  aim  was  to  be  a  just  solutiou  of  all  questions  in  dis- 
pute, followed  bv  a  permanent  reconciliation  of  all  nations.  Furthermore,  the  President  declared  he  did 
not  wish  to  make  war  on  the  German  people  and  did  not  wish  to  Impede  its  peaceful  development.  The 
German  Government  has  received  the  conditions  of  the  armistice.  After  the  blockade,  (hose  conditions, 
e.specially  the  smrender  of  means  of  transport  and  the  sustenance  of  the  troops  of  occupation,  would  make 
it  impossible  to  provide  Germany  with  food,  and  would  cause  the  starvation  of  HulUons  of  men,  women, 
and  chlldreu,  all  the  more  as  the  blockade  is  to  continue. 

"We  had  to  accept  the  conditions,  but  feel  it  is  om-  dutj'  to  draw  the  President's  attention  most  solemnly 
and  in  all  earnestness  to  the  fact  that  enforcement  of  the  conditions  must  produce  among  the  German  people 
feelings  contrary  to  those  upon  which  alone  the  reconstruction  of  the  community  of  nations  can  rest,  guar- 
anteeing a  Just  and  durable  peace.  Tlie  German  people,  therefore.  In  this  fateful  houi-,  address  themselves 
again  to  the  President  witli  the  request  that  he  use  his  iuflucnco  with  the  Allied  Powers  in  order  to  mitigate 
these  fearful  conditions."  ^  »,.       ^^  ,  k        ■      ^ 

Wireless  appeals,  purporting  to  come  from  the  women  of  Gennany,  asfcing  the  womeii  of  Apierica  to 
endeavor  to  secure  modification  of  the  armistice  tenns  on  the  groimd  that  otherwise  millions,  of  German 
women  and  children  would  die  of  hunger,  were  picked  up  November  13  by  the  Military  Intelligence  Station 
at  Houlton,  Me.  The  messages,  addressed  to  Mrs.  AVoodrow  Wilson  and  Jane  Addams,  were  flashed  by 
the  German  radio  station  at  Naueu,  long  used  as  the  dlssemiuating  point  lor  Genuaa  propaganda.  They 
were  made  public  by  the  War  Deiiartmcnt,  as  follows:  ,„^.^       t.v^».j 

"Berlin,  November  12,  1918 — To  Mr.s.  Woodiow  Wilson,  White  House,  WaabiUgton,  D.  C.  Madam: 
According  to  the  terms' ol  the  armistice  Germany  has  to  purrender  a  very  large  part  of  the  rolling  stock  of 
her  railways.  At  the  same  time  she  has  to  feed  tho  troops  of  her  former  eoMnles  In  the  occupied  provmces 
of  Germany.  The  German  women  and  children  have  been  starving  for  years.  They  \vill  die  from  himger 
by  the  mllllona  If  the  terms  of  the  armistice  arc  not  changed.  We  need  the  rolling  stock  of  the  railways 
to  bring  the  food  from  the  farms  to  the  cities.  It  will  be  impossible  to  feed  the  soldiers  of  the  oecupyhig 
armies  If  we  cannot  get  large  amonuts  of  food  from  overse;i.  The  women  and  children  all  the  world  over 
have  been  the  Innocent  sufferers  oX  tlus  terril)le  war,  but  nowhere  more  than  in  Germany.  Let  It  be  through 
you  madam,  to  implore  our  si.sters  in  the  United  States  of  America,  who  are  mothers  like  ouiselves,  U)  aslj 
their  Government  and  the  Allied  Governments  to  change  the  terms  of  the  armistice  so  that  the  long  suHertng 
of  the  women  and  children  of  Germany  may  not  end  in  unspeakable  disaster.  For  the  National  Council 
of  Women  of  Geimany.    Gertrud  Baeuueii,  Alice  Salomon.    Poz,  November  13." 

"To  Jane  Addams,  Hull  House,  Chicago:  German  women,  foreseeing  entire  famishment  and  mutiny 
for  their  countrv,  urge  theh'  American  sisters  to  intercede  relief  of  truce  conditions  regarding  therms  of 
demobilization  blockade,  wagons,  locomotives.  We  are  all  free  voters  of  a  free  republic  now.  Greeting 
you  heartily. — Anita  Augsburg." 

UNITED   STATES   PROMISES   GERMANY   FOOD. 

There  was  made  public  November  13  the  text  of  a  note  from  Secretary  Lansing  to  Germany,  through 
the  Swiss  Minister,  in  answer  to  tlie  Solf  appeal:  *I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
note  of  to-day,  transmitting  to  the  President  the  text  of  a  cable  Inquiring  whether  this  Government  is  ready 
to  send  foodstuffs  into  Germany  without  delay  if  public  order  is  maintained  In  Germany  and  an  equitable 
distribution  of  food  is  guaranteed.     I  should  be  grateful  if  you  would  transmit  the  loUowlng  reply  to  the 

"At  a  joint  session  ol  the  two  houses  ol  Congress  on  Novembei"  11  the  Pi-esldeut  of  the  United  States 
announced  that  the  representatives  of  tlie  associated  Governments  in  the  Supreme  Council  at  Versailles 
have  by  unanimous  resolution  assured  the  peoples  of  the  Central  Empires  that  everything  that  is  possible 
in  the  circumstances  will  be  done  to  supply  them  with  food  and  relieve  the  distressing  want  that  is  in  so 
many  places  threatening  their  verv  lives,  and  that  steps  are  to  be  taken  Immediately  to  organize  these 
efforts  at  relief  in  the  same  systematic  manner  that  they  were  organized  in  the  case  ol  Belgium.  Further- 
more,  the  President  expressed  the  opinion  that  by  the  I'se  of  the  Idle  tonnage  of  the  Central  Empires  It 
ought  presently  to  be  possible  to  lilt  the  fear  of  utter  misery  from  theh-  oppressed  populations  and  set  their 
minds  and  energies  free  for  the  great  and  hazardous  tanks  of  political  reconstruction  which  now  face  them 
on  every  hand.  ...         ^,    ^.,_  ,  ■ 

"Accordingly  the  President  now  directs  me  to  state  that  he  is  ready  to  consider  favorably  the  supplying 
of  foodstuffs  to  Germany  and  to  take  up  the  matter  immediately  with  the  Allied  Governments,  provided 
he  can  be  assured  that  public  order  is  being  and  will  continue  to  be  maintained  in  Germany  and  that  an 
eqtiitable  distrii)ution  ol  food  can  be  clearly  guaranteed,  .\ccopt,  air,  the  renewed  assurance  of  my  highest 
consideration.  Robert  Lansing. 


THE    1918    THANKSGIVING    PROCLAMATION. 

PRESIDENT  WiLSOX  on  November  17  issued  a  proclamation,  design.iting  November  28  as  TtUinl<sgivinE 
Day  By  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  America.  A  Proclamation:  "It  has  long  been  our  custom 
to  turn  In  the  autumn  of  the  year  hi  praise  and  thanksgiving  to  Almighty  God  for  His  many  blessings  and 
mercies  to  us  as  a  Nation.  This  yeitr  we  have  special  and  moving  cause  to  be  grateful  and  to  rejoice.  God 
has  in  His  good  pleasure  given  us  peace.  It  has  not  come  as  a  mere  cessation  of  anus,  a  mere  relief  from 
the  strahi  and  tragedy  of  war.  It  has  come  as  a  great  triumph  of  right.  Complete  victory  has  brought 
us  not  peace  alone  but  the  confident  promise  of  a  new  day  as  well,  In  which  justice  shall  replace  force  and 
Jealous  intrigue  among  the  nations.  Our  gallant  armies  have  participated  In  a  triumph  which  Is  not  marred 
or  stained  by  any  purpose  of  selfish  aggression.  In  a  righteous  cause  they  have  won  immortal  glory  and 
have  nobly  served  their  Nation  in  serving  mankind.  ,    ^       .,,        i„ 

"God  has  indeed  been  gi-acious.  We  liave  cause  for  such  rejoicing  as  revives  and  strengthen.'^  In  us 
aU  the  best  traditions  of  national  history.  A  new  day- shines  about  us  in  which  our  hearts  take  new  courase 
and  look  forward  with  new  hope  to  new  and  greater  duties.  While  we  render  thanks  for  these  things,  let 
us  not  forget  to  seek  the  Divine  guidance  in  the  performance  of  these  duties,  and  Divine  mercy  andfoipve- 
ness  for  all  errors  of  act  or  purpose,  and  pray  in  all  that  we  do  we  shall  strengthen  the  ties  of  friendship 
and  mutual  respect  upon  which  we  must  assist  to  build  the  new  structure  of  peace  and  good  will  among 

^  ^^herefore,  I,  Woodrow . Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States  of  America,  do  hereby  designate 
Thursday,  the  twenty-eighth  day  of  November  next,  as  a  day  of  thanksgiving  and  prayei",  and  mvite  the 
people  throughout  the  land  to  cease  upon  that  day  fiom  their  ordinary  occupations,  and  m  their  several 
homes  and  nlaces  of  worship  to  render  Uianks  to  God,  the  Ruler  of  Nations.  In  witnass  whereoj  I  have 
hereunto  set  my  hand  and  caused  the  Seal  of  tlie  United  States  to  be  affixed.  Done  In  the  District  oJ 
Columbia  this  sixteenth  day  of  November,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  eigli teen, 
a.nd  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  Ameritai  the  one  hundred  and  forty-third.  By  the  FrenmeoU 
WooPHOw  WiLSO.v.     HOBERT  LAx.srNG,  Sc-crotsry  of  State." 


Austrian  Peace  Moves  in   1917.  681 


HOW  FOCH  RECEIVED  GERMAN  TRUCE  DELEGATES. 

A  ipeclal  cable  despatch  to  the  New  York  World,  dated  London,  November  28,  said:  "A  member 
ol  the  German  armistice  delegation  communicates  to  the  Vossische  Zeitung  the  following  account  of  the  meet- 
ing with  Marshal  Foch  and  the  Allies'  delegates:  'When,  on  November  8,  we  reached  the  French  lines,  com- 
ing by  motor  car  from  Spa,  we  found  enemy  carriages  already  waiting  to  take  us  to  the  unknown  scene  ot 
negotiations.  This  motor  car  tour  with  Frencli  officers  lasted  ten  hours,  and  it  appears  likely  was  intention- 
ally prolonged  in  order  to  drive  us  all  over  the  devastated  provinces  and  prepare  us  by  what  we  saw  tor 
what  was  shortly  to  be  put  before  us  in  the  way  of  hatred  and  revenge  in  the  exttemely  severe  armistice  con- 
ditions. Now  and  again  a  Frenchman  pointed  silently  to  the  heaps  of  ruins  or  said  "Voila  St.  Quentin." 
In  the  evening,  wherever  it  was,  a  train  .stood  ready  for  us.  The  windows  of  the  carriages  were  curtained, 
and  when  we  awoke  next  morning  the  train  stood  in  the  midst  of  a  wood.  We  know  now  that  the  negotia- 
tions took  place  in  the  Forest  of  Compiegne,  but  a  week  ago  we  knew  nothing.  Perhaps  it  was  a  measure  of 
precaution,  even  for  our  sakes,  tliat  we  were  taken  through  no  town.  Perhaps  acts  of  violence  were  feared 
on  the  part  ol  the  population,  for  the  liatrcjd  for  u.s  among  them  is  boundless.  The  wood  was  evidentlv 
barred  by  troops  to  all  comers. 

"  'There  were  no  houses  and  no  tents.  On  the  railway  line  stood  two  trains,  one  occupied  by  Marshal 
Pocli  and  his  people,  the  other  by  ours.  Here  for  tlu-ee  days  we  lived,  worked  and  deliberated.  This  seem.s 
to  be  the  modern  form  of  such  negotiations.  Castles  and  fortresses  of  olden  time  have  gone,  even  lor  sucli 
purposes.  The  train,  witli  its  sleeping  and  drawing  rooms  and  dining  cars,  was  very  comfortable  and  we  wero 
provided  with  everything  we  wanted.  Tlie  officer  who  had  charge  ol  the  train  had  us  supplied,  and  the  con- 
duct ol  the  numerous  guards  who  stood  around  was  beyond  reproach.  But  all  the  hostility  and  fullness  of 
hate  lor  our  country  that  seems  now  tp  be  cherished  in  France  came  to  expression  in  the  form  of  the  nego- 
tiations as  well  as  in  the  terrible  nature  ol  tlie  conditions.  Those  of  us  w)io  were  soldiers  wore  our  uniforms 
and  our  iron  crosses.  The  introduoiion  to  a  lialf  dozen  French  offlcer.s  who  conducted  the  negotiations  with 
us  in  plenum  and  the  greetings  wore  of  tlie  coldest.  Marshal  Foch,  who  showed  him,self  only  twice — at  the 
opening  and  at  the  end — gave  us  no  word  ol  particular  politeness  that  in  earlier  times  distinguished  the  most 
chivalrous  nation  in  the  world,  and  his  officers  just  as  little.  He  received  us  with  the  words,  "Ce  que  vous 
desirez.  Messieurs."    And  he  invited  us  into  Iiis  business  car,  lurnished  with  tables"and  maps. 

"  'As  each  was  to  speak  his  own  language  and  everything  was  translated,  the  reading  conditions  alone 
occupied  nearly  two  hours.  It  was,  moreover,  a  discovery  when  Marshal  Focli  announced  there  were  to  be 
no  negotiations  and  only  dictated  matter.  However,  with  all  his  coUines.s,  he  was  by  no  means  so  tactless 
and  brusque  as  was  Gen.  d'Esperey  at  Belgrade.  Then  we  retired  to  our  train,  which  stood  on  t'he  other 
line.  A.=i  we  had  been  sent  by  the  old  Government  and  certainly  had  not  been  authorized  to  sign  everything 
without  conditions,  we  proceeded  at  the  instance  of  Erzberger  to  divide  the  various  points  under  three  heads 
— military,  naval  and  diplomatic — and  discussed  tliem  separately  with  members  ol  the  enemy  commissions, 
which  consisted  only  ol  officers.  Military  Germany  thus  with  two  civilians  stood  lace  to  lace  with  the  now 
completely  militarized  France.  The  enemy  maintained  in  the  persons  of  all  his  representatives  the  same 
objective.  Their  coldness  was  mitigated  by  no  single  word  that  bordered  upon  the  human,  as  had  marked 
our  reception  by  the  Mar.shal.  The  English  Admiral  adopted  the  tone  of  the  French,  and  only  from  Mar- 
shal Foch's  Chief  ol  General  Staff,  who  bore  the  Alsatian  name  of  Weygand,  did  we  perhaps  receive  any 
greater  politeness.  During  our  two  days'  proceedings  there  were  really  no  negotiations  and  we  could  only 
try  to  obtain  concessions  on  the  various  conditions.  For  when  the  enemy  demanded  the  delivety  of  160  U 
boats  wc  could  only  point  out  the  technical  impossibility,  as  we  hadn't  160  to  give.  Tliis  demand  had  to  be 
changed  into  the  formula  "all  U  boats." 

"  'The  chlel  point  was  that  of  food,  and  of  lliis  we  were  iu  certain  measure  able  to  obtain  assurance.  In 
the  mean  time,  In  this  lonely  wood,  with  its  two  railway  trains,  we  were  cut  off  from  all  intercourse  with  the 
outside  world.  Marshal  Foch  himsell  went  oft  twice  to  Paris,  and  couriers  were  able  in  two  hours  to  arrive 
with  papers.  Thus  our  enemy  was  able  silently  to  give  us  Paris  newspapers  ol  Sunday  morning,  newspapers 
in  whicli  the  Kaiser's  abdication  was  announced.  As  we  read,  no  smile  ot  triumph  appeared  on  their  laces, 
but  we  looked  Into  their  hearts. 

"  'Oiur  work  was  really  undisturbed  by  tlic  revolution.  Our  letters  of  credit  were  signed  by  the  "German 
Government"  and  retained  their  validity.  We  could  also  speedily  consult  with  Ebert  and  solten  somewhat 
by  small  concessions  Irom  the  enemy  the  new  Government's  unconditional  subjection.  Just  belore  the  end 
ol  the  second  and  last  general  sitting  we  produced  our  protest  in  German,  which  has  been  published,  but  we 
were  eventually  obliged  to  sign  the  document  forced  on  us  with  it.^  inhuman  conditions.'  " 

AUSTRIAN    PEACE   MOVES   IN    1917. 

Robert  Dell,  for  many  years  l^aris  corresiiondeiit  of  tlie  Mnncliestev  (England)  Guardian,  who  was  ex- 
pelled from  France  in  May,  191S,  for  his  letters  on  the  Prince  Sixtus-"Dear  Charles"  communications. 
bas  publislied,  in  the  London  Nation,  tlie  folloisiiig:  "Of  the  four  peace  proposals  laiown  to  us  last 
fear — tliere  may  have  been   otliors — three  came  from  Austria. 

"(II  On  March  31  Prince  Sixte  de  Bourbon  communicated  to  Jf.  Poineare  the  first  letter  from  the 
Emperor  Charles,  wlio  recognized  tlie  justice  of  the  Frencli  claim  in  regard  to  Alsace -Lonaine.  M. 
Poineare  gave  his  word  of  honor  to  show  the  lecter  to  nobody  but  M.  Ribot,  but  it  was  understood  that 
it  would  be  communicated  also  to  the  Kini,'  and  Mr.  Lloyd  George,  and  it  was  so  oomiiiunicated.  Prince 
Sixte  pa.ving  two  visits  to  England.  M.  Poineare,  in  the  course  of  his  conversation  with  the  Prince, 
claimed  for  France  the  frontiers  of  1814  and  1700;  reparations,  restif^utiona  and  indemnities,  and  guar- 
antees on  the  left  hank  of  the  Rhine.  Mr.  Lloyd  Gaorge  was  favorable  to  negotiations  on  the  basis  of 
Ihe  Emperor's  letter;  M.  Poineare  was  not.  IJiince  Sixte,  after  his  visits  to  England,  returned  to 
Kwitzei-laud,  and  the  result  ot  liis  report  was  a  second  letter  from  Emperor  Cliarles,  wlio  expressed  hi.i 
pleasm'e  that  England  and  France  were  in  sulistautial-  asreament  with  him,  repeated  his  conviction  that 
be  would  be  able  to  persuade  Geraiany  to  agree  to  reasonable  peace  terms,  but  said  that  the  demands  of 
France  must  be  limited  to  Alsace-Lorraine  in  order  that  agreement  might  be  po.ssib'f.  On  April  19  M. 
KilX)t  and  Mr.  Lloyd  George  met  Baron  Sonnino  at  St.  .Tean-de-Maurienne,  and,  although  they  did  not 
show  liiiii  the  Emperor  Charles's  letter  or  iiifoini  liini  of  its  existence,  he  was  informed  of  the  fact /that 
proposals  had  been  made  and  of  their  nature.  Baron  Sonnino  was  not  at  aU  disposed  to  treat,  but 
neveirtheless  the  pourparlers  continued  for  a  cpiisiderable  time,  being  only  definitelF^ abandoned  about 
July.  Tliere  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  Jl.  Riliot  insisted  on  tlie  demands  made  by  AL  Poineare; 
Italy  was  the  obstacle  to  a  settlement.  In  order  to  meet  the  Italian  claims  M.  Poineare  proposed  that 
Austria  shoiUd  take  Silesia  in  return  for  Trieste  and  tlie  Treutino,  but  the  Emperor  Charles  did  not 
regard  tlie  suggestion  as  a  practical  one.  ,  ,  ,  ,     ^      ^ 

"None  of  the  other  Allies  was  consulted  about  the  matter,  and  it  has  never  been  csplamed  why 
Iher  could  not  have  been  treated  in  the  same  way  as  Baron  Sonnino  without  any  breach  of  confidence. 
Moreover,  in  Julv,  the  Emperor  Charles's  letter  was  shown  to  Baron  Scnuino  in  spite  of  M.  Poineare  s 
imdertaldng.  M."  Kibot  also  seems  to  have  shonn  it  to  Jf.  Albert  Thomas  .ifter  the  retui'n  of  the  latter 
from  Russia.  It  is  very  difficult  to  form  an  opinion  as  to  whether  the  German  Emperor  was  cognizant 
of  the  Emperor  Charles's  overtures;  if  he  was.  it  was  certainly  mthout  the  knowledge  of  the  dommaur 
military  partv  in  Germany.  The  Emperor  Charles's .  insistence,  on  the  necessity  of  secrecy— evidently  sin - 
c?T3— «'.iow=:  that.    The  Empp.roi'  Cliarles  dirt  not  propose  a  separate  pct'ce,  but  ho  was  prepared  to  raaKc 


(iS2  President  Annowiccs  He  Will  Go  to  Europe. 

AUSTRIAN  PEACE  MOVES  IN  1917— ConHnued. ~ 

one  iu  the  event  of  Germany  proving  uncomproinisiDg,  and  that  eventuality  was  discussed.  Tiic  confi- 
dence i-'f  Vienna  in  the  abilitfy  of  Austria  to  obtain  German  agi'eoraent  was  based  on  the  belief  that  the 
mere  aunouncoment  of  an  armistice  between  Austria  and  the  Allies  would  lead  to  a  revolution  in  Ger- 
majiy,  and  that  the  Gterman  Government  tnew  it. 

'■(2)  Almost  immediately  after  the  failure  of  the  first  pourparlers  Austria  made  a  second  attempt 
through  Count  Eevertera,  who  asked  to  be  allowed  to  meet  a  distant  relative  of  his.  Major  Aijnand,  who 
wa.s  a:i  official  of  the  French  Ministiy  of  War.  M.  Bibot  was  opposed  to  the  meeting,  but  M.  Paln- 
ieve,  ills  Minister  of  War,  persuaded  him  to  give  way,  and  Major  Armand  had  two  intei-views  with 
Oount  Kevcrtera  in  Switzerland  in  August.  Tlit  Coimt  asked  to  be  put  into  touch  with  a  moio  a,uthoi- 
i>;ed  i-eprescnt^tlTe  of  the  French  Go\erumout.  but  M!  Ribot  refused  to  allow  the  matter  to  go  furth<er. 
M.  P.ainleve,  of  course,  Imew  nothing  of  the  Kinperor  Cliarles's  letters,  but,  at  the  time  of  the  Reyertera- 
Avmand  affair,  M.  lUbot  informed  him  of  llio  fact  that  proposals  had  been  made  in  the  spring. 

"(.')  At  tlie  end  of  Aiigust  Austria  mado  a  third  proposal  to  M.  Lazare  Weiller,  a  Frencli  Deputy 
of  Mio  Centre,  who  at  once  connnu)iicatedi  it  to  Jl.  Ribot.  M.  Ribot  refused  to  take  any  aetiKm  in  the 
matt<'r  and  did  not  even  consult  the  other  Allies.  According  to  statements  made  in  the  French  press 
on  M.  Lazare  Weiller's  authority,  his  third  proposal  Included  concessions  to  Italy.  While  Austria  was 
thus  making  continual  efforts  to  open  negotiations,  Germany  made  in  August,  tlirough  a  Belgian  dip- 
lomatist, proposals  to  M.  Briand,  who  was  asked  to  go  to  Switzerland  to  meet  Baron  von  Lancken,  or  if 
necessary  the  German  Chancellor  himself.  According  to  statements  made  on  M.  Briand's  authority, 
Germany  offered  to  cede  Alsace-Lorraine  to  France  and  Trieste  and  the  Tient^no  to  Italy,  but  de- 
)uauded  compensations  in  the  East;  French  territory  was,  of  course,  to  be  evacuated,  and  tho  integrity, 
indflpeudence  and  sovereignty  of  Belgium  unconditionally  restored;  Germany  even  offering  to  compen- 
sate Belgium  for  damage  done.  M.  Briand,  supported  by  the  Belgian  and  Roumanian  Governments, 
(•onnnunlcated  the  proposals  to  M.  Ribot  and  asked  pennission  to  meet  Baron  von  Lancken,  which  M. 
Ribot  at  once  refused.  Thereupon  M.  Briand  ijjsisted  that  the  Allies  shotdd  bo  consulted.  M.  Ribot 
consulted  the  British  and  Italian  Governments,  who  both  replied  in  the  negative,  but  M.  Biland  bas 
expressed  the  opinion  lihat  tlie  matter  was  put  to  them  in  such  a  way  as  to  invite  a  negative  reply. 

"President  Wilson  and  M.  Kerensky  were  iuforraed  after  the  proposals  had  been  turned  down. 
An  allusion  to  this  matter  by  JI.  Ribot  in  a  public  speech  in  the  Chamber  led  M.  Briand  to  reveal  tbe 
facts;  a  secret  session  followed,  at  which  M,  Briand  vigorously  attacked  M.  Ribot  (who  was  then  Foreign 
Minister  in  the  Painleve  Cabinet),  and  the  latter  was  obliged  to  resign." 


PRESIDENT    WILSON    TO    KtNC    ALBERT,  NOV.  15,   1918. 

"Never  has  a  national  holi4ay  occurred  at  a  more  au.spicious  moment,  and  never  have  felicitations  been 
more  heartfelt  than  those  which  it  is  my  high  privilege  to  tender  to  Your  Majesty  on  this  day.  WTien  fac- 
ing imminent  destruction,  Belgium  by  her  self-sacrlflce  won  for  herself  a  place  of  honor  among  nations,  a 
crown  of  glory,  Im  perish  able,  though  all  else  were  lost.  ITie  danger  is  averted,  the  hotu-  of  victory  come,  and 
with  it  the  promise  of  a  new  life,  fuller,  greater,  nobler  than  has  been  known  before.  The  blood  of  Belgium  s 
licroif  sons  has  not  been  shed  In  vain.    Woodrow  Wilson." 


AfViERICAN    PRISONERS    OF    WAR. 

(Official  figures,  November  7,  1918.) 

Soldiers  of  the  American  Expeditionary  forces  who  have  been  identified  as  prlsoner.s  of  war '''§5f 

American  civilians  interned  overseas  (including  sailors) ._ 281 

Total 2,945 

INTERNED  PRISONERS,  ETC.,  IN  UNITED  STATES. 

linemy  prisoners  of  war  Interned  at  the  War  Prison  Barracks,  Fort  McPherson,  Georgia 1,411 

Alien  enemies  interned  at  the  War  Prison  Barracks,  Fort  Oglethorpe,  Georgia 3,262 

Alien  eneiijies  (and  two  prisoners  of  war)  interned  at  the  War  Prison  Barracks,  Fort  Douglas,  Utah. . .    660 

Total 5.333. 

Note — Includes  200  prisoners  detached  for  labor  at  Camp  Sherman,  Ohio;  100  at  Camp  Devoiis.  Mass. 
."jttd  100  at  Camp  Wadsworth,  South  Carolina. 

Wax  Department,  The  Adjutant-General's  Office,  November  7,  1918. 

FATALITIES    AMONC    CERMAN    AVIATORS. 

A  list  m  the  Berliner  Zsilung  am  Mittag,  April  24,  1918,  showed  that  of  the  41  Germa)i  avialois 
who  had  brought  Aowix  15  or  more  opponents  since  tlia  beginniug  of  the  war,  19  had  fallen,  in  action  and 
two  had  been  reported  missing.  The  list  of  the  fallen  German  flyers,  together  with  the  alleged  number 
of  their  victims  and  the  year  of  their  death,   follows:  ,„,..■ 

Capt.  von  Richthofcn.  80,  1918;  Lieut.  Boss,  50,  1017;  Capt.  BoelCke,  40,  1916;  Lieut.  Gonterraunu,  39, 
1917;  Lieut.  Max  Mueller,  38,  1918;  Lieut*  Kurt  Wolff,  24,  1917;  Lieut.  Schaefer,  30,  1917;  Lieut. 
Allmenroeder,  30,  1917;  First  Lieut,  von  Tutschek,  27,  1918;  Lieut.  Boehme,  24,  1917;  First  Lieut. 
Bethge,  20,  1918;  Lieut,  von  Eschwege,  20,  1917;  Lieut.  Frankl,  19,  1917;  Lieut.  Wintgens,  18,  1916: 
Lieut  BaldamuB,  18,  1917;  Lieut.  Hess,  17,  1917;  First  Lieut.  Immelmann,  15,  1916;  Lieut.  Dossen- 
bach,   15,   1917;  Lieut.    Schneider,   15,   1917. 

Lieut,  von  Buelow.  with  28  victims,  and  First  Lieut.  Dostler,  with  26,  were  reported  missing.  At 
the  begimiing  of  the  offensive  in  Alarch,  1918,  Germany  claimed  102  army  aviators,  each  of  whom  had 
brought  down  more  than  seven  airplanes  or  balloons  in  battles,  and  that  the  total  number  of  victims  up 
to  May  of  these  star  flyers  was  1,698.  In  this  period  43  of  these  aces  had  been  killed  and  three  were 
missing.     Others  bad  been  disabled  and  were  no  longer  in  sernce. 

PRESIDENT    ANNOUNCES    HE    WILL    CO    TO    EUROPE. 

(Issued  at  the  White  House,  November  18,  1918.) 
"The  President  expects  to  sail  for  France  immediately  after  the  opening  of  the  regular  session  o!  Con- 
gTesB,  for  the  purpose  of  taking  part  in  the  discussion  and  settlement  of  the  main  features  of  the  treaty  ol 
peace.  It  is  not  likely  that  it  will  be  possible  for  him  to  remain  throughout  the  sessions  of  the  formal  peace 
conference,  but  his  presence  at  the  outset  is  necessary  in  order  to  obviate  the  manifest  disadvantages  of  das- 
cuasion  by  cable  in  determining  the  greater  outlines  of  the  final  treaty,  about  which  he  must  necessaruy 
be  consulted.  He  wiil,  of  course,  be  accompanied  by  delegates  who  will  sit  as  the  representative  of  the 
United  States  throughout  the  conference.    The  names  of  the  delegates  will  be  presently  announc<«).  , 


Wilson's  Address  Before  Soiling.  GSS 

l^vmWtnt  WiUHon*u  iFatretoell  ^trtrrcss  to  (tonuvtm  .am 
IS^e  at  fkiuMtpavtuvt  for  3|eace  (tonUvmtt  in  jFrance. 

-     Following  is  the   text  of  President   Wilson's  address   to  Congress  in  joint   session,    Monday,   Dec.   2, 
1918,   before  setting  out  as  the  head  of  tlie  American  delegation  to  the  peace  conference  in  France: 

"The  rear  that  has  elapsed  since  I  last  stood  before  you  to  fulfil  ray  constitutional  duty  to  give 
Congress  from  time  to  time  informatiou  on  the  state  of  the  Union  has  been  so  crowded  with  great 
erents,  &ieat  processes,  and  great  results,  that  I  cannot  hope  to  give  you  an  adequate  pictiwe  of  its 
transactions  or  of  the  far-reaching  changes  which  have  heen  wrought  in  the  life  of  our  Nation  and  of  the 
world.  You  have  yourselvesx witnessed  these  things,  as  I  have.  It  is  too  soon  to  assess  them;  and  we 
who  stand  iii  the  midst  of  them  and  are  irart  of  them  are  less  Qualified  than  meu  of  another  generation 
will  be  to  say  what  they  mean,  or  even  wliat  they  have  been.  But  some  great  outstanding  facts  are 
unmistaliable,  and  constitute  in  a  sense  part  of  the  public  business  witli  which  it  is  our  duty  to  deal. 
To  state  them  is  to  set  the  stage  for  the  legislative  and  executive  action  which  must  grow  out  of  them 
and  which  we  have  yet  to  shape  .nnd  determme. 

"A  year  ago  we  liad  sent  145,198  men  overseas.  Since  then  we  have  sent  1,950,513,  an  average 
of  162,542  each  month  the  number  in  fact  rising  in  May  last  to  245,051,  iu  June  to  278,850,  iu  July 
to  307,182.  and  contimiing  to  itach  similar  figures  iu  August  and  September— in  August  289,570,  and 
iu  September  257, 43S.  No  sucli  Diovement  of  troops  ever  took  place  before  across  3,000  mUes  of  sea, 
followed  by  adequate  equipment  and  supplies,  and  carried  safely  througli  extraordinary  dangers  of  attack 
— danger;  which  were  alike  strange  and  infinitely  diffioilt  to  guard  against.  In  all  this  movement  only 
768  men  were  lost  by  enemy  attacks — (ioO  of  wlioni  were  ujion  a  single  Knglish  transport!  which  was  sunk 
near  the  Orkney  Islands. 

"I  need  not  tell  you  what  lay  back  of  tliis  great  moviiuent  of  men  and  material.  It  is  not 
invidious  to  say  that  back  of  it  lay  a  supiiortiug  organization  of  the  industries  of  tlie  country  and 
of  all  its  productive  activities  more  complete,  more  thorough  iu  method  and  effective  in  results,  more 
spirited  and  unanimotis  in  purpose  and  effort  than  any  otlier  great  belligerent  had  ever  been  able  to 
effect.  We  profited  greatly  by  tlie  experience  of  the  uation.s  wliich  had  already  been  engaged  for  nearly 
three  years  in  the  exigent  and  exacting  business,  their  e\yy  resource  and  every  executive  proficiency 
taxed  to  the  utmost.  We  were  the  pupils.  Bui  we  Ifarnert  quickly  and  acted  with  a  promptness  and 
readiness  of  co-operation  that  justify  our  grc?l  pride  tliat  we  were  able  to  serve  the  world  with 
unparaUeled  energy  and  QUiclc  accomplishment. 

TRIBUTE  TO  THE  ARMY  AND  THE  NAVY. 

"But  it  is  not  the  physical  scale  and  execiiiive  efficiency  of  preparation,  supply,  equipment  and 
despatch  that  I  would  dwell  upon,  but  tlie  mettle  and  quality  of  the  officers  and  men  we  sent  over 
and  of  tlie  sailors  who  kept  the  seas,  and  the  .spirit  of  the  Nation  that  stood  behind  them.  No  soldiers 
or  sailors  ever  proved  themselves  more  quickly  ready  for  tlie  test  of  battle  or  acquitted  themselves  vrith 
more  splendid  coinage  and  achievement  when  put  to  the  test.  Those  of  us  who  played  some  part  in 
directing  the  great  processes  by  which  the  war  was  pushed  irresistibly  forward  to  the  final  triiunph  may 
now  forget  all  that  and  delight  our  thoughts  with  the  story  of  what  our  men  did.  Their  officers 
understood  the  grim  and  exacting  task  they  bad  undertaken  and  performed  it  with  an  audacity, 
efficiency,  and  unhesitating  courage  that  touch,  the  story  of  convoy  and  battle  with  imperishable 
distinction  at  every  turn,  whether  the  enterprise  were  great  or  small — from  their  chiefs,  Pershing  and 
Sims,  do\vn  to  the  youngest  Lieutenant;  and  their  men  were  worthy  of  them — such  men  as  hardly  need 
to  be  commanded,  and  go  to  their  terrible  adventure  blithely  and  with  the  quick  intelligence  of  those 
wio  know  just  what  it  is  they  would  accomplish.  I  am  proud  to  be  the  fellow-countryman  of  men  of 
such  stuff  and  valor.  Those  of  us  who  stayed  at  liome  did  our  duty;  the  war  could  not  have  been  won 
or  the  gollaut  men  who  fought  it  given  their  opportunity  to  win  It  otherwise,  but  for  many  a  long 
clay  we  shall  think  ourselves  'accurs'd  we  were  not  there,  and  hold  our  manhood  cheap  whUe  any 
fipeaks  that  fought'  with  these  at  St.  Mihiel  or  Thierry.  The  memory  of  those  days  of  triumphant 
battle  will  go  with  these  fortunate  men  to  their  gi'aves;  and  each  will  have  his  favorite  memory.  'Old 
men  forget;  yes,  all  shall  be  forgot,  but  he'll  remember  with  advantages  what  feats  he  did  that  day.' 

"What  we  all  thank  God  for  with  deepest  gratitude  is  that  our  men  went  in  force  into  the  line 
of  battle  just  at  the  critical  moment  when  the  whole  fate  of  the  world  seemed  to  hang  in  the  balance, 
and  threw  their  fresh  strength  into  the  raiiks  of  freedom  in  time  to  turn  the  whole  tide  and  sweep  of 
the  fateful  struggle— turn  it  once  for  all,  so  that  thenceforth  it  was  back,  back  for  their  enemies, 
always  back,  never  again  forward.  After  that  it  was  only  a  scant  four  months  before  the  commanders 
of  the  Central  Empires  knew  themselves  beaten,   and  now  their  very  empires  are  in   liquidation. 

THE    SPIRIT   OP   THE   NATION   FINE. 

"Aiid  throughout  it  all.  how  fine  the  spirit  of  the  Nation  was,  what  unity  of  purpose,  what  untiring 
Eeal,  what  elevation  of  purpose  ran  through  all  its  splendid  display  of  strength,  its  imtiring  accomplish- 
ment, I  have  said  that  those  of  us  who  stayed  at  home  to  do  the  work  of  organization  and  supply 
will  alwavs  wish  that  we  had  been  with  the  men  whom  we  sustained  by  our  labor;  but  we  can  never 
be  ashamed.  It  has  been  an  inspiring  thing  to  be  here  in  the  midst  of  fuie  men  who  had  turned 
aside  from  every  private  interest  of  their  own  and  devoted  the  whole  of  their  trained  capacity  to  the 
tasks  that  supplied  the  sinews  of  the  whole  great  undertaking.  The  patriotism,  the  imselfishness,  the 
thoroughgoing  devotion  and  distinguished  capacity  that  marked  their  toilsome  labors  day  after  day, 
month  after  month,  have  made  tliem  fit  mates  and  comrades  of  the  men  in  the  trenches  and  on  the  sea. 
And  not  the  men  here  in  Washington  only.  They  have  but  directed  the  vast  achievement.  Throughout 
innumerable  factories,  upon  innumerable  farms,  in  the  depths  of  coal  mines  and  iron  mines  and  copper 
mines,  wherever  the  stuffs  of  Industry  were  to  be  obtained  and  prepared,  in  the  shipyards,  on  the  railways, 
at  the  docks,  on  the  sea,  in  every  labor  that  was  needed  to  sustain  the  battlelines,  men  have  ned  with 
each  other  to  do  their  part,  and  do  it  well.  They  can  look  any  man  at  arms  in  the  face  and  say. 
We  also  strove  to  win  and  gave  the  best  that  was  in  us  to  make  our  fleets  and  armies  sure  of  their 
triumph.  ,     .  X    ,   ii    ,.  .Li 

"And  what  shall  we  say  of  the  women— of  their  instant  intelligence,  quickening  every  task  that  they 
touched;  their  capacity  for  organization  and  co-operation,  which  gave  their  action  discipline  and  enhancedi 
the  effectiveness  of  eveiytfaing  they  attempted;  their  aptitude  at  tasks  to  which  they  had  never  before 
set-  their  hands;  their  utter  self -sacrifice  alike  in  what  they  did  and  in  what  they  gave?  Their  contribution 
to  the  great  resiUt  is  beyond  appraisal.     They  have   added  a   new  lustre  to   the  annals   of  American 

womanhood.  ,  ,      .  .        ,.^.    ,    -  ,l  i.i, 

'  "The  least  tribute  we  can  pay  them  is  to  make  them  the  equals  of  men  lU  political  rights,  as  they 
b9,VQ  proved •  themselves  their  equals  in  every  field  of  practical  work  they  have  entered,  whether  for. 
them'selv^'s  or  for 'their  country.    Thse  great  days  of  completed  achievements  would  be  sadly  marred  were 


68-t  Wilson's  Address  Before  Sailing — Continued. 


we  to  omit  that  act  of  justice.  Besides  tho  immense  practical  services  they  have  rendered,  *Tir  womeii 
of  tlie  country  have  been  moving  spirits  in  tlie  systematic  economics  by  wiiich  our  i)cople  liavo  volmitarily 
assist. d  to  supply  the  suffering  peoples  of  tlio  world  and  the  armies, of  every  front  with  food  and  every- 
tliii!':  els?  that  we  had  that  would  serve  the  common  cause.  The  details  of  sudi  a  story  caii  never  be 
fully  written,  but  we  cari-y  theni  at  our  hearts  ,a!Kl  thaiik  God  that  we  can  say  that  we  are  thfi  lansmen 
of  such. 

'•A\v\  now  we  are  sure  of  the  great  triuinph  for  wliich  every  sacrifice  was  made.  It  uas  come — 
oorai'.  in  its  completeness,  and  with  the  pride  and  inspiration  of  these  days  of  achievement  Quick  within 
vis,  ^vc  turn  to  the  tasks  of  peace  again — a  peace  secure  against  the  violence  of  irresponsible  nionarchs 
iiiiii  .imi'.tious  military  coteries,  and  made  ready  for  a  new  order,  for  new  foundations  of  jii-'iji'e  arid 
fail   dcaiij!£'. 

THE    UNnATIFIBD    TRKATY   WITH   COLOMBIA, 

"We  are  about  to  give  order  and  organization  to  this  peace,  not  uiily  for  ourselves  but  for  the  other 
peoples  of  the  world  as  well,  so  far  as  they  will  suffer  lis  to  serve  them,  it  is  uiteruatioual  justice 
that  we  seek,  not  domestic  safety  mer^'ly.  Our  thoughts  have  dwelt  of  late  upon  Europe,  opon  Asia. 
»)pon  the  Near  and  the  F;:r  East,  very  little  upon  the  acts  of  peace  and  accommodation  that  wait  to 
be  ])erformed  at  our  own  doois.  Wliile  wo  are  adjtisting  our  relations  with  the  rest  of  the  world,  is  it  not 
of  cipital  importance  that  we  should  clear  away  all  grounds  of  niismiderstanding  with  our  immediate 
neighbors  and  give  proof  of  the:  friendship  we  really  feel?  1  hope  that  the  members  of  the  Senate  will 
periiiit  me  to  speak  once  more  of  the  imratified  treaty  of  adjustment  with  the  Republic  of  Colombia,  t 
very  earnestly  urge  upon  them  an  early  and  favorable  action  upon  that  vital  matter.  I  believe  that  they 
will  feel,  with  me,  that  the  stage  of  affairs  is  now  set  for  such  action  as  will  be  not  ou!y  just  but 
geiu-rous,  and  in  the  spirit  of  the  new  age  upon  whicli  we  have  so  liappily  entere<l. 

".So  far  as  our  domestic  affairs  arc  concerned,  tlie  problem  of  otu  return  to  peace  is  a  problem 
of  economic  and  industrial  readjustment.  Tliat  problem  is  less  serious  for  us  than  it  may  turn  out 
to  bo  for  the  nations  which  liave  suffered  the  disarrangements  and  the  los5es  of  tho  war  longer  than  we. 
Our  ijeople,  moreover,  do  not  wait  to  be  coached  and  led.  They  know  their  own  business,  are  quick 
and  resourceful  at  every  readjustment,  definite  in  , purpose,  and  self-reliant  in  action.  Ariy  leading 
strings  we  might  seek  to  put  them  in  would  speedUy  become  hopelessly  tangled,  because  they  would  pay 
no  attention  to  them  and  go  their  own  way.  All  that  we  can  do  as  their  legislative  and  executive 
servants  is  to  mediate  the  process  of  change  here,  there,  and  elsewlure,  as  we  may.  I  have  heard  much 
counsel  as  to  the  plans  that  should  be  formed,  and  personally  conducted  to  a  happy  consummation,  but 
from  no  quarter  have  I  seen  any  general  scheme  of  'reconstruction'  emerge  which  I  thought  it  liiely 
we  could  force  our  spirited  business  men  and  self-reliant  laborers  to  accept  with  due  pliancy  and 
obedience. 

"While  the  war  lasted  we  set  up  many  agencies  by  wliich  to  direct  the  industries  of  the  country  in 
the  sei-vices  it  was  necessary  for  them  to  render,  liy  which  to  make  sure  of  an  abundant  supr.ly  of  the 
materials  needed,  l;y  which  to  check  undertakings  tliat  could  lor  the  time  be  dispensed  with,  and 
stimulate  those  that  were  most  serviceable  in  war,  by  which  to  gabi  for  the  purchasing  departments 
of  the  Government  a  certain  control  over  the  prices  of  essential  articles  and  raatcrials,  by  which  to 
restrain  trade  with  alien  enemies,  make  Die  most  of  the  available  .shipping,  and  systemati?;o  financial 
transactions,  both  public  and  private,  so  that  there  would  be  no  unnecessary  conflict  or  confu.sion — by 
which,  in  short,  to  put  every  material  energy  of  the  country  in  harness  to  draw  the  common  load  and 
make  of  us  one  team  in  the  accomplishment  of  a  great  task.  But  the  moment  ive  knew  the  annistico 
to  have  been  signed  we  took  the  harness  off.  Raw  materials,  upon  which  the  Government  ha  J  kept  its 
hand  for  fear  there  should  not  be  enougli  for  the  industries  that  supplied  the  armies,  have  been  released 
and  put  into  the  general  market  again.  Great  industjial  plants  whose  whole  output  and  machinery  had 
been  taken  over  for  (h3  uses  of  the  iGovernment  have  been  set  free  to  return  to  the  uses  to  wiiich  they 
were  put  before  the  war.  It  has  not  been  possible  to  remove  so  readily  or  so  ouickly  the  control  of 
foodstuffs  and  of  shipping,  because  the  world  has  still  to  be  fed  from  our  granaries  and  the  ships  are 
still  needed  to  send  supplies  to  our-  men  overseas,  and  to  bring  the  men  back  as  fast  as  the  disturbed 
conditions  on  the  other  side  of  the  water  permit.  But  even  these  restraints  are  being  relaxed  iif  niueli 
as  possible,  and  more  and  more  as  the   weeks  go  by. 

PUBLIC    WORKS    FOB    SOUJIEB   LABOB. 

"Never  before  have  thc^e  been  agencies  in  existence  in  this  coimtry  which  laiew  so  inucb  of  the 
field  of  supply,  of  lalior,  and  of  industry  as  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  War  Trade  Board,  the  Labor 
Department,  the  Pood  Administration,  and  tlie  Fuel  Administration  have  known  since  the  labor.?  became 
thoroughly  systematized,  and  they  have  not  been  isolated  agencies.  They  have  been  directed  by  men 
that  represented  the  permanent  departments  of  the  Goveniment,  and  so  have  been  the  centres  of  unified 
and  co-operative  action.  It  has  been  the  policy  of  the  Executive,  therefore,  since  the  armistico  <whlcli 
is  in  effect  a  complete  submission  of  the  enemy.),  to  put  the  knowledge  of  these  bodies  at  tho  disposal 
of  the  business  men  of  the  country,  and  to  offer  their  intelligent  mediation  at  every  point  and  in  every 
matter  where  it  was  desired.  It  is  siuprisiug  how  fast  the  process  of  return  to  a  peace  footing  has 
moved  in  the  three  weeks  since  the  fighting  stopped.  It  promises  to  outrun  any  Inquiry  that  may  be 
instituted  and  any  aid  that  may  be  offered.  It  will  not  be  easy  to  direct  it  any  better  than  it  will 
direct   itself.     Tho  American   business  man   is   of  quick  initiative. 

"The  ordinary  and  normal  processes  of  private  initiative  will  not,  however,  provide  immediate 
employment  for  aU  of  the  men  of  our  rctiuning  armies.  Those  who  are  of  trained  capacity,  those  who 
are  skilled  workmen,  those  who  have  acquired  familiarity  with  established  businesses,  those  who  are 
ready  and  willing  to  go  to  the  farms,  all  those  whose  aptitudes  are  known  or  will  be  sought  out  by 
employers,  will  find  no  difficulty,  it  is  safe  to  say,  in  finding  place  and  employment.  But  tliere  will 
be  others  who  will  be  at  a  loss  where  to  gain  a  livelihood  unless  pains  are  taken  to  guide  them  and 
put  them  in  tho  way  of  work.  There  will  be  a  large  floating  residuum  of  labor  which  should  not  be  left 
wholly  to  shift  for  itself.  It  seems  to  me  important,  therefore,  that  the  development  of  public  vHSika 
of  every  sort  should  be  promptly  restuned,  in  order  that  opportunities  should  be  created  for  unskilled 
labor  in  particular,  and  that  plans  should  be  made  for  such  developments  of  oiu:  untised  lauds  and  otir 
natural  resources  as  we  have  hitherto  lacked   stimtUation  to   undertake. 

"I  particularly  direct  your  attention  to  the  very  practical  plans  which  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
has  developed  in  his  annual  report,  and  before  your  committees  for  the  reclamation  of  arid,  swamp, 
and  cut-over  lauds,  which  might,  if  the  States  were  willing  and  able  to  co-operate,  redeem  some  three 
htmdred  million  acres  of  land  for  cultivation.  There  are  said  to  be  fifteen  or  twenty  million  acres  of 
land  in  the  West,  at  present  arid,  for  whose  reclamation  water  is  available,  if  properly  ConseiTed.  There 
are  about  two  hundred  and  thirty  million  acres  from  which  the  forests  have  been  cut,-  but  which  have 
never  yet  been  cleared  for  the  plow,  and  which  lie  waste  and  desolate.  These  lie  scattered  all  over  the 
Union.  And  there  arc  nearly  eighty  million  acres  of  land  that  lie  under  swamps  or  subject  to  periodical 
overflow,  or  too  wet  for  anything  but  grazir.g,   which  it  Is  perfectly  feasible  to  drain  and  protect  and 


Wilson^ s  Address  Before  Sailing— Contiimed.  685 


fcdsetn.  The  Congress  can  at  once  direc!  thousands  of  the  returning  soldiers  to  the  reclamation  of  tli^ 
arid  lands  Trhich  it  bas  already  undertaken,  if  it  will  but  enlarge  the  plans  and  the  appropriation.- 
which  it  has  intrusted  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  It  is  possbile  in  dealing  with  our  imust-U 
land  to  effect  a  gi'eat  rural  and  agricultural  development,  whict  will  afford  the  best  sort  of  opportunity 
to  men  who  want  to  help  tjhemselves,  and  the  Secretary  ot  the  Interior  has  thought  the  possible  inethodi 
out  in  the  way  which  is  worthy  of  your  most  friendly  attention, 

AID    FOR   BELGIUM   AND    NORTHEHN    FBANCE. 

"I  have  spoken  of  the  control  which  rnust  yet  for  awliile,  perhaps  for  a  long  while,  be  exercised 
oyer  shipping  because  of  priority  of  seivict  to  which  our  forces  overseas  are  entitled  and  which  shoul.l 
also  be  accoi-ded  the  ehltnieuts  which  are  to  save  recently  liberated  peoples  from  starvation  and  man' 
devastated  regions  from  permanent  ruin.  May  I  not  say  a  special  word  about  the  needs  of  Belgium  an'l 
Northern  France?  No  sums  ot  money  paid  by  way  of  indemnity  will  serve  of  themselves  to  save  theiii 
from  hopeless  disadvantage  for  years  to  come.  Something  more  must  be  done  than  merely  find  tlif 
money. 

"If  they  had  money  and  law  materials  in  abundance  to-morrow,  they  could  not  resume  their  plar..' 
ill  the  industry  of  the  world  to-morrow. — the  very  important  place  they  held  liefore  tlie  flame  of  war 
swept  across  them.  Many  of  their  factories  are  razed  to  the  groimd.  Much  of  their  machinery  is 
destroyed  or  has  been  takep  away.  Tlieir  people  are  seatterrd,  and  many  of  their  best  workmen  ar;' 
dead.  Tlielr  markets  will  be  taken  by  others  if  they  are  not  in  some  special  way  assisted  to  rebuiU' 
their  factories  and  replace  their  lost  instruments  of  mamifacture.  They  should  not  be  left  to  tho 
vicissitudes  of  the  shpip  competition  for  materials  and   for  industrial  facilities  which  is  now  to  set  in. 

"I  hope,  therefore,  that  the  Congress  will  not  he  luiwilling,  if  it  should  become  necessary,  to  grant 
to  some  such  agency  as  the  War  Trade  Board  the  rislit  to  establish  priorities  of  export  and  supply 
for  the  benefit  of  there  people  whom  we  have  been  so  happy  to  assist  in  saving  from  the  German  terror 
fiiid  whom  we  must  not  now  thoughtlessly  leave  to  shiit  for  themselves  in  a  pitiless  competitive  market. 

"For  the  steadying  and  facilitation  of  our  own  domestic  business  readjustments  nothing  Is  moro 
Important  than  the  immediate  determination  of  the  taxes  that  are  to  be  levied  for  1918,  1919  and  1920. 
As  much  of  the  bmden  of  taxation  must  be  lifted  from  business  as  soimd  methods  of  financing  tlie 
Government  will  permit,  and  tliose  wlio  conduct  the  great  essential  industries  of  the  country  must  be 
told  OS  exactly  as  possible  wliat  obligations  to  the  Government  they  will  b.;  expected  to  meet  in  the 
years  immediately  alicad  of  them;  it  will  lie  of  serious  consequence  to  the  co\mtry  to  delay  removing  all 
uncertainties  in  this  matter  a  single  day  longer  than  the  right  processes  of  debate  justify.  It  is  idle  to 
talk  of  successful  and  confident  Inisiness  reconstruction  before  those   uncertainties  are  resolved. 

"If  the  war  had  continuea  it  woiUd  have  been  necessary  to  raise  at  least  $8,000,000,000  by  taxation 
payable  in  the  year  1919;  but  tlie  war  has  ended  and  I  agree  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  that 
it  will  be  safe  to  reduce  the  amount  to  six  billions.  An  immediate  rapid  decline  in  the  expenses  of  tho 
Government  is  not  to  be  looked  for.  Contract;  made  for  war  supplies  will,  indeed,  be  rapidly  cancelleil 
and  liquidated,  but  their  immed.iate  liquidation  will  make  heaiT  drains  on  the  Treasury  for  the  months 
just  ahead  of  us. 

"The  maintenance  of  our  forces  on  the  other  side  of  tlie  sea  is  still  necessary.  A  considerable 
proportion  of  those  forces  must  remain  in  Europe  during  the  period  of  occupation,  and  those  which  arc 
brought  home  will  be  transported  and  demobilized  at  heavy  expense  for  months  to  come.  The  interest 
oti  our  war  debt  must,  of  course,  be  paid  and  provision  made  for  the  retirement  of  the  obligations  of 
the  Government  whicb  represent  it.  But  these  demands  will,  of  course,  fall  much  below  what  a  con- 
tinuation of  military  operation?  would  have  entailed,  and  six  liillions  should  suffice  to  supply  a  sound 
foundation  for   the  financial   operations   of   the   year. 

"I  entirelv  concur  with  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  in  recominenduig  that  the  two  bdhons  needed 
in  addition  to  the  four  billions  provided  by  existing  law  be  obtained  from  the  profits  which  have  accrued 
and  siiall  accrue  from  war  contracts  and  distinctively  war  business,  but  that  these  taxes  be  confined  to 
tlie  war  profits  accrmug  in  1918  or  in  1919  from  business  originating  in  war  contracts.  I  urge  your 
acceptance  of  his  recommendation  that  provision  be  made  now,  not  subsequently,  that  the  taxes  to  be 
paid  in  1920  shoiUd  be  reduced  from  six  to  four  billions.  .'Vny  arrangements  less  definite  than  these 
would  add  elements  of  doubt  and  confusion  to  the  critical  period  of  industrial  readjustment  through 
which  the  country  must  now  immediately  pass,  and  which  no  true  friend  of  the  nation's  essential 
business  interests  can  afford  to  be  responsible  for  creating  or  prolonging.  Clearly  determined  conditions, 
clearlv  and  simply  charted,  are  indispensable  to  the  economic  revival  and  rapid  industrial  development 
which   may  confidently  be  expected,   if  wo   act  now  and  sweep   all  interrogation   points  away. 

"I  take  it  for  granted  that  the  Congress  will  carry  out  the  naval  programme  which  was  imdertaken 
before  ^ve  entered  the  war.  The  Secretaiy  ot  the  Navj'  has  submitted  to  your  committees  for  authorization 
that  Dart  of  the  programme  which  covers  the  building  plans  of  the  next  three  years.  These  plans  have 
been  "prepared  along  the  lines  and  "in  accordance  with  the  policy  which  the  Congress  established,  not 
under  the  exceptional  conditions  of  the  war,  but  with  the  intention  of  adhering  to  a  definite  method  of 
cieveloi)raent  for  the  navy,  I  earnestly  recommend  the  uninterrupted  pursuit  of  that  policy.  It  would 
clearly  ))e  unwise  for  us  to  attempt  to  adjust  our  programme  to  a  future  world  policy  as  yet  undetermined. 

CONCERN    OYER    THE    RAILROAD    PROBLEM. 

"Tlie  question  which  ca.uses  me  the  greatest  concern  is  the  question  of  the  policy  to  be  adopted 
toward  the  railroads.  I  franlUy  turn  to  you  for  counsel  upon  it.  I  have  no  confident  judgment  of  inj- 
own.  I  do  not  see  how  any  UiouglitfiU  man  can  have  who  knows  anything  of  the  complexity  of  tlw 
problem.  It  is  a  problem  which  must  lie  studied,  studied  inunediately,  and  studied  without  bias  or 
preludice.     Nothing  can  be  gained  by  becoming  partisans  of  any  particidar  plan  of  settlement. 

"It  was  necessary  that  the  administration  of  the  railways  should  be  taken  over  by  the  Government 
so  long  as  the  war  lasted.  It  would  have  been  impossible  otherwise  to  establish  and  carry  through 
under  a  single  direction  the  neoessaiT  priorities  of  sliipnient.  It  woidd  have  been  impossible  otherwisi- 
to  combme  maximum  production  at  the  factories  and  mines  and  farms  \vith  the  maximiun  possible  car 
supply  to  move  the  products  to  the  ports  and  markets;  impossible  to  route  troop  shipments  and  freight 
siiiprnent;  without  regard  to  the  advantage  of  the  roads  employed;  impossible  to  subordinate,  when 
iiecessaiy,  all  questions  of  convenience  to  tlie  public  necessity;  impossible  to  give  the  necessary  financial 
support  '0  the  roads  from  the  public  treasiuy.  But  all  these  necessities  have  now  been  served,  and  the 
Question   is.   What  is  best  for  the  railroads,   and  for  the  public  in   the   future? 

"E-^eeptional  circumstances  and  exceptional  methods  of  administration  were  not  needed  to  convince 
US  that  the  railroads  were  not  equal  to  the  immense  tasks  of  transportation  imposed  upon  them  by  the 
rapid  a!:d  continuous  development  of  the  industries  of  the  coimtry.  We  knew  that  already.  And  we 
Un?v.'  t:'..it  ihey  were  unequal  to  it  'partly  because  their  full  co-opevntion  was  rendered  impossible  by  law 


g86  Wilson's  Address  Before  Sailing— Continued. 


\ 

iiid  tlieir  competition  made  obligatoi-y.  so  that  it  has  been  impossible  to  assign  to  them  sevcraily  the 
traflio  which  could  best  be  carried  by  their  rcsiwctive  lines  in  tlio  interest  of  espedition  and  national 
(economy. 

"We  may  hope,  I  believe,  for  the  formal  conclusion  of  tlic-  war  by  a  treaty  by  the  tim«  Spring  has 
^me.  The  twenty-one  iiionths  lo  which  tlie  present  control  of  tlio  railways  is  limited,  after  forma) 
proclamation  of  peace  sliall  have  been  made,  will  rim  at  the  furthest,  I  take  it  for  granted,  only  to 
the  January  of  1921.  The  full  eqxiipnieiit  of  tlio  raUways  wliioh  tlic  Federal  Administration  had  planned 
4!ould  not  be  completed  Mithiu  any  .such  period.  The  present  law  does  not  permit  the  use  of  the  Tcvenues 
Of  the  several  roads  for  the  cxeeutiou  of  such  plans  except  by  formal  <.ontr"'-t  with  their  Director.s,  some 
Of  whom  will  consent  while  some  viU  iiot,  and  therefore  noes  not  afford  sufficient  authority  to  ui;dcrtake 
improvements  upon  the  scale  upon  whicli  it  would  be  necessary  to  undertake  them.  Eveiy  appioach  to 
this  difficvilt  siibject-uiaiter  of  decision  brings  us  face  to  face,  therefore, '  .with  tliis  tmanswered  (lueslion: 
"What  is  it  right  that  we^should  do  with  the  railroads,  in  the  mtcrest  of  the  piiblic  and  In  fairness  to 
their  owners?  Let  me  say  at  once  that  I  have  no  answer  ready.  The  only  thing  that  is  perfectly  clear 
to  me  is  that  it  is  not  fair  either  to  the  public  or  to  the  owner.^  of  tlio  railroads  to  leave  the  cjueetion 
miansAvered,  a)id  that  it  will  presently  become  my  duty  to  reliuauish  control  of  the  roads,  even  before 
the  expiration  of  the  statutory  period,  unless  there  should  apiH^ar  som  ecicar  prospect  in  the  moan  time 
of  a  legislative  solution.  Their  release  would  at  least  produce  one  clemcn  tof  a  solution*  namely;  certainty 
and  a  auick  stimulation  of  private  initiative. 

'  "I  believe  that  it  wUl  bo  serviceable  for  me  lo  set  forth  as  eiplicitiy  as  possible  tile  ultcniative 
courses  that  lie  open  to  our  choice.  We  can  simply  release  the  roads  and  go  ba«k  to  the  old  conditions 
uf  private  management,  unrestricted  competition,  and  multlfonn  regulation  by  both  State  and  Federal 
authorities;  or  v,\;  can  go  to  the  opjiosite  extreme  and  cstablisli  complete  control,  accompajiied,  it 
necessary,  by  actual  Government  ownership;  or  we  can  adopt  an  intermediate  course  of  modified  private 
control,  under  a  more  unified  and  affirmative  public  i-ogulation  and  mider  such  alterations  Of  the  law  as 
will  permit  wasteful  competition  to  be  avoided  and  a  considerable  degree  of  unification  of  administration 
to  be  effected,  as,  for  examiile,  by  regional  corporations,  \mder  which  the  railways  of  definable  areas 
would  be  in  effect  combined  hi  single  systems. 

"The  one  conclusion  that  I  am  readv  to  state  with  confidence  is  that  it  would  be  a  disservice  alike 
to  the  comitry  and  to  the  owners  of  the  railroads  to  return  to  the  old  conditions  unmodified.  Those 
are  conditions  of  restraint  without  deielopraent.  There  is  nothing  affirmative  or  helpful  about  them. 
What  the  comitry  chiefly  needs  is  that  all  its  means  of  transportation  should  be  developed,  its  railways, 
its  wati'iTvays,  its  highways,  and  its  countryside  roads.  .Some  new  element  of  policy,  therefore,  is 
lUasolut'.ly  necessary — necessary  for  the  service  of  the  public,  necessary  for  the  release  of  credit  to  those 
who  are  administering  the  railways  necessary  for  the  protection  of  their  security  holders.  The  old  policy 
nay  )>e  changed  much  or  little,  but  surely  it  cannot  always  be  left  as  it  waa.  I  hope  that  the  (Congress 
will  have  a  complete  and  impartial  study  of  the  whole  problem  instituted  at  once  and  prosecuted  as 
rapidly  as  possible.  I  stand  ready  and  anxious  lo  release  the  roads  from  the  present  control,  and  I  must 
Jo  so  at  a  very  early  date  if  by  waiting  until  the  statutory  limit  of  time  is  reached  I  shall  be  merely 
troionglng  the  period  of  doubt  ami  uucertaiuty  which  is  luutful  to  every  interest  concerned. 

PAKAMOTJNX   1)\;TY    TO   GO  TO   PARIS. 

"I  welcome  this  occasion  to  annoimce  to  tlic  Congress  my  purpose  to  join  in  Paris  the  represni.'tativfes 
of  the  Governments  with  which  wo  have  been  associated  in  the  war  against  the  Central  Empires  for  the 
purpose  of  discussing  with  them  the  main  features  of  the  treaty  of  peace.  I  realize  the  great  inconveniences 
rliat  will  attend  my  leavmg  tlie  country,  particularly  at  this  time,  but  tJie  conclusion  that  it  was  my 
liaramoimt  duty  to  go  has  been  forced  upon  me  by  considerations  which  X  hope  will  seem  as  conclusive 
to  you  as  they   have  seemed  to   me.  ^  v 

"The  Allied  Governments  liave  accepted  the  bases  of  peace  which  I  outlmed  to  the  Congres-:  on  the 
8th  of  January  last,  as  the  Central  Empires  also  have,  and  very  reasonably  desire  my  personal  counsel 
in  their  interpretation  and  application,  and  it  is  highly  desirable  that  I  should  give  it  in  order  that  the 
sincer'  desire  of  our  Go\erument  to  eontribute  without  selfish  purpose  of  any  kind  to  settlements  that 
will  be  of  common  benefit  to  all  ths  nations  (-oncerned  may  be  made  fully  manifest.  The  peace  seltl<;maU8 
which  are  now  to  be  agreed  upon  are  of  transcendent  importance,  both  to  us  and  to  the  rest,  of  the 
world,  and  I  loiow  of  no  business  or  interest  which  should  take  precedence  of  them.  The  gall.int  men 
of  om-  armed  forces  on  land  and  sea  have  consiiicuously  fought  for  the  ideals  whicli  they  knew  to  bo  the 
ideals  of  their  couutrv.  I  have  sought  to  express  those,  ideals;  they  have  accepted  my  statements  of  tliem 
as  the  substance  of  their  own  thought  and  iioipose,  as  the  associated  Governments  have  accepted  them; 
I  owe  it  to  them  to  see  to  it,  so  far  as  in  me  lies,  that  no  false  or  mistnken  interpretation  Is  put  upon 
them,  and  no  possible  effort- omitted  to  realize  ihem.  It  is  now  my  duty  to  play  my  full  part  in  making 
good  what  they  offered  their  life's  blood  to  obtain.  1  can  think  of  no  call  to  seivice  which  would 
transcend  this.  ^  ..,„,,  j  ■,    , 

"I  shall  be  in  close  touch  with  you  and  witli  affairs  on  this  side  of  the  water,  and  you  wm  know 
all  that  I  do.  At<my  renuest  the  French  and  Knglisli  Governments  have  absolutely  removed  the  censorship 
of  cable  news  which  until  within  a  fortnight  they  had  maintained,  and  there  is  now  no  censorship 
whatever  exercised  at  this  end,  except  upon  attempted  trade  cominmiications  with  enemy  countries.  It 
has  been  necessai-y  to  keep  an  ojien  wire  consunlly  available  between  Patis  and  the  Department  ot  State, 
and  another  between  France  and  the  Department  of  AVar.  In  order  that  this  might  be  done  v/ith  the 
least  possible  interference  with  the  other  uses  of  the  cables,  I  have  temporarily  taken  over  the  control 
of  both  cables  m  order  that  they  may  be  used  as  a  single  system,  t  did  so  at  the  advice  or  the  most 
experienced  cable  officials,  and  I  hope  that  the  results  will  justify  my  iiopo  that  the  news  ol  the  next 
few  mouths  may  pass  with  the  utmost  freedom,   and  With  the  least  possible  delay  from  each  side  of  the 

'"*  •'May^I  now  hope,  gentlemen  of  the  Congress,  that  in  the  delicate  tasks  I  shall  have  to  poriorm  on 
the  o'ther  side  of  the  sea,  in  my  efforts  truly  and  faithfully  to  mterpret  the  principles  and  purposes 
jf  the  coimtry  W)  l3ve,  I  may  have  tlie  encouragement  and  the  added  strength  of  your  united  .supporty 
[  realize  the  ma-nitude  and  difficulty  of  the  duty  I  am  uuderUking.  I  am_ poignantly  aware  of  its 
?rave  respOnsibilitlt  .  am  the  servant  of  the  nation.  I  can  have  no  private  thought  or  purpose  of  my 
3wn  in  performing  such  an  errand.  I  go  to  give  the  best  that  is  m  me  to  the  common  settlements^  which 
t  must  now  assist  in  arriving  at  in  conference  with  the  other  working  heads  of  the  associated  ^'0\ern- 
ments.  I  shan  count  Upon  your  friendly  countenance  and  encouragement.  I  shall  not  be  inaccessible. 
rhe  cables  and  the  wireless  will  render  me  avaUable  for  any  counsel  or  service  you  may  desire  ol  me, 
iud  I  shall  be  happy  ul  the  thought  that  I  am  constantly  in  touch  with  the  weighty  matters  or  ooinestic 
policy  with  which  we  shall  have  to  deal.  I  shall  make  my  absence  as  brief  as  possible,  and  sliali  hope 
to  return  ivith  the  happy  assurance  that  it  hf.s  been  possible  to  translate  into  action  the  great  ■'l-.'.i?  for 
which  America   has   sfiiven." 


The  Presidenfs  Voyage  to  Europe.  681 

.  ^  ^^^  PRESIDENTS  VOYAGE  TO  EUROPE. 

The  President  and  his  party  left  New  Yorlc  ou  Weiluesday,  Dec.  4,  1918,  bound  for  the  peace  con- 
ference. The  followinK  account  of  the  departure  appeared  in  The  World  of  Thursday,  Dec.  6.  Tha 
Btory  was  written  by  Donald  H.   Clarke:  '  ,    .    ,    ,  .       ,  ^  ,,  . 

"That  old  picture  of  the  sun  bursting  a  prison  of  clouds  at  the  psychological  moment  and.bathins 
in  gold  the  chief  figure  of  a  story  may  have  been  painted  in  words  once  or  twice  too  Often.  But  when 
the  naval  transport  George  Washington, '  ou  which  President  Wilson  was  leaving  these  shores,  straightenetl 
tout  in  Uie  Korlh  Biier  tot  her  long  voyage  at  10.30  o'cloclc  yesterday  moniing,  the  sim  strengthened  and 
brightened,  as  if  operated  by  a  push  button,  for  the  occasion.  And  its  rays,  shattorine  the  mists  that 
overhung  the  tiubid  current  .and  blurred  the  precipitous  sto'line  of  lower  Manliattau  in  the  backgrotffid. 
brought  into  sharp  ouUine  the  figures  of  President  and  Jlrs.  Wilson;  high  ou  the  flying  bridge.  They 
revealed  dearlj'  that  the  Presideut,  wavmg  his  soft  brown  bat.  was  smiling,  and  that  Mrs.  Wilson,  a 
bit  of  linen  fluttering  in  her  gloved  hand,  was  smiling  too.  And  the  rays  glowed  warmly  on  the  blue 
folds  of  the  President's  flag  with  its  emblazoned  coat  of  arms  of  the  United  States,  flying  from  tha 
foretruck— the  first  time  tliat  such  an  emblem  had  ))een  broken  out  on  any  ship  bound  for  foreign  shores. 

"In  this  brief  burst  of  radiance,  which  was  ended  by  the  tiuick  lowering  of  a  drab  curtain  of  fog, 
two  airplanes,  diving  and  tumbling  with  uubelievable  grace  and  agility,  played  over  the  gray  ship  like 
moths.  Theirs  was  an  exhibition  of  aerial  acrobatics  tlie  like  of  which  seldom,  if  ever,  had  been  seen 
m  New  York.  Aud  a  few  minutes  later,  wlien  the  George  Wasliington  went  ploughing  down  the  river, 
these  two  airplanes  were  joined  by  another,  and  the  three  continued  ou  overhead,  whirling  and  banking 
and  rolling  end  over  end  and  slipping  sidewise  and  baclcwise — dancing  on  tlie  mist,  one  might  fancy. 
Evervwliere  withiu  tlie  range  of  vision  during  that  briglit  moment  of  departure,  tufts  of  steam  sprouted 
as  if  by  magic  from  funnels  of  ships,  great  and  small,  coniraorcial  and  naval,  aud  from  stacks  and 
chimneys  in  Hoboken  and  Jersey  City  and  Manhattan. 

"And  tihe  collective  shriek  of  godspeed  from  those  himdreds,  perliaps  thousands,  of  metal  throats 
almost  drowned  the  quickly  rolled  Presidential  salute  of  twenty-one  guns  from  the  three  guardian 
destroyers,  the  cheers  of  soldiers  aud  army  transport  girl.?  in  olive  drab  on  the  pier,  the  answering 
cheers  of  the  sailors  and  marines  ou  the  .slowly  disappearing  decks,  and  the  farewell  shouts  of 
distmguished  travellers  and  tlie  few  friends  and  relatives  they  were  leavuig  behind,  who  had  gone  to 
Hoboken  to  see  them  off.  From  wmdows  and  roofs  of  all  buildings  with  a  view  of  the  river  in 
Manhattan  aud  along  the  piers  aud  on  the  Battery  and  any  other  vantage  point  that  offered,  men  and 
women  ui  the  contagious  enthusiasm  of  the  moment,  clapped  tlieir  hands  and  hurrahed,  apparently, 
unmindful  of  the  fact  that,  although  they  were  thousands,  tlie  midget  noise  of  their  efforts  was  lost 
long  before  it  could  reacii  the  ears  of  the  man  in  wlioso  honor  it  was  made. 

"So,  dowrt  the  river  and  past  Governor's  Island  and  Staten  Island,  where  the  superdreadnought 
Pennsylvania",  in  the  command  of  Vice  Admiral  Henry  T.  Mayo,  took  the  lead,  out  past  Sandy  Hook, 
aud  on  into  the  North  Atlantic  the  George  Washington,  with  President  Wilson  and  the  American 
Commission  to  Negotiate  Peace — official  title  of  the  body  of  peace  commissioners — made  her  stately  way. 
Fifteen  destroyers,  actuig  as  traffic  policemen,  i)roceedcd  on  either  side.  Forty- eight  hours  out  ten  of 
them  will  return.  Five  wiU  assist  the  giant  Pennsylrania  as  guards  uutU  the  arrival  at  Brest,  A 
transport  bringing  American  soldiers  home  was  passed.     Signals  and  cheers  were  exchanged. 

"The  smiles  of  the  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson  that  were  noted  at  the  beginning  of  the  voyage  were 
said  by  those  close  to  the  JPresident  to  be  fair  Indicators  of  his  mood.  In  fact,  he  appeared  to  be  in 
imusually  bigh  spirits.  He  told  correspondents  that  he  was  looking  forward  to  the  voyage  as  a  rest, 
and  spoke  good-hunvoredly  of  the  strong  possibility  that  it  would  be  'an  enforced  rest  for  a  few  days.' 
This  was  a  reference  to  his  poor  Qualities  as  a  sailor.  The  President  left  no  final  word  and  granted 
no  formal  iiitenview  on  the  eve  of  embarkation.  Just  before  sailing  time  he  called  in  for  a  confidential 
talk  three  representatives  of  press  associations  and  a  Washington  correspondent  for  The  World,  who  had 
made  the  trip  from  the  capital  on  the  President's  .special  train. 

"All  that  may  be  published  of  this  talk  is  that  the  President  appeared  to  ]k  more  determined  than 
ever,  if  that  is  possible,  that  the  causes  for  which  America  fought  shall  be  sustained  through  the 
preliminary  and  final  iieaoe  sessions,  and  that  he  reiterated  his  belief  that  he  would  have  been  faUing 
in  his  duty  had  he  not  gone  to  Europe  to  stand  for  American  ideals  against  whatever  opposition  may 
arise.  The  President  also  made  it  clear  once  more  that  the  correspondents  will  have  ready  access  to 
the  news  and  will  be  permitted  to  use  the  wireless  every  day  to  transmit  word  of  the  mission's  progress 
at  sea. 

"Tlie  President's  departure  from  the  United  States  was  so  perfectly  timed  by  the  army  and  navy 
that  the  gangplank  was  hauled  in  exactly  at  10.15,  the  scheduled  hour,  and  at  10.30,  as  recorded  above, 
the  Mr  transport,  which  was  once  a  boast  of  the  German  merchant  marine,  l)egan  to  forge  ahead  under 
the  thrust  of  her  own  propellers.  On  the  trip  by  special  train  from  Washington,  as  at  all  other  stages 
of  the  journey,  extraordinary  precautions  were  taken  by  the  Secret  Serrice  and  the  military.  Capt.  John 
J,  Henry  and  his  entire  staff  of  200  operatives  accompanied  the  President  to  Hoboken.  When  the  party 
arrived  there  at  the  entrance  to  the  pier  at  7.20  A.  M. ,  military  guards  and  soldiery  formed  compact 
protective  walls.  Across  the  way,  in  Ulver  Street,  heavily  armed  military  guards  patrolled  the  rooftops. 
No  one  was  adciilted  to  the  piers  except  by  special  ii>ass,  extremely  difficult  to  obtain,  aud,  once 
admitted,  everybodj-  was  constantly  under  the  eye  of  officers  until  the  Presideut  went  aboard  ship, 
wTiich  was  at  8.10.  ,  ,       „ 

"The  ship  itself  had  been  methodically  gone  over  from  stem  to  stern  and  keel  to  tnicK,  Every  man 
aboard  was  of  proved  loyalty.  As  soon  as  the  Presideut  aud  his  party  had  passed  the  gangplanks, 
which  were  guarded  by  two  marines,  apparently  picked  for  their  dashing  appearance,  the  ship  was  closed 
to  aU,  even  high  officials.  Even  George  Cre«  was  barred  from  going  aboard  and  had  to  exert  official 
pressure  to  win  his  point.  But  despite  all  precautions  of  secrecy  every  stop  of  the  special  train  from 
.Baltimore  on  through  the  night  to  Jersey  City,  which  was  reached  at  dawn,  found  small  groups  waiting 
an  opportunity  to  cheer  the  Presideut. 

"The"  Wilsons  had  breakfast  in  their  private  car,  the  Ideal,  and  left  the  tram  at  8.07.  As  they 
stepped  to  the  groimd  the  13th  Infantry  Band  played  the  National  Anthem.  They  stopped,  the  President 
bared  his  head,  as  did  other  civilians,  and  the  military  came  to  attention.  Then  the  President  and 
Mrs.  WUson,  escorted  closely  by  Seoretarj'  Tumulty  and  Hear  Admiral  Grayson,  and  surrounded  by  the 
Secret  Service  meu,  some  of  whom  were  ou  the  locomotive  when  it  arrived  at  the  pier,  walked  a  few 
vards  to  the  entrance  of  Pier  No.  4.  A  short  flight  of  steps  led  up  to  the  floor  of  the  pier  building, 
it  was  a  bower  of  red,  white  and  blue.  Along  the  floor  were  drawn  up  the  girls  of  the  Army  Transport 
Service.  The  Pi'esident  and  Mrs.  Wilson  smiled  and  nodded  continually  as  they  passed  the  massed  girls 
through  an  arbor  of  American  and  Allies'  flags.  .  ,n.,    »  .    ..      ■ 

"On  the  pier  proper,  the  President  walked  between  lines  of  soldiers,  a  battalion  of  the  13th  Inrantr.v. 
They  stood  at  present  amis,   with   fixed  bayonets.     No  newspaper  men   except  the  correspondents  who 
accompanied  the  party  from  Washington  were  allowed  on  the  pier  until   the  President  was  aboard  ship.— 
No  photographs   of  the  President   and   Mrs.    ttilsou   were   taken   mitil    that   time   either,    and   then   only  . 
from  the  'pier,   bv  personal   request  of   the   I'resideut,    if   was  lenrned.     The   prohibiting   order  applied  to  ' 


dSS  'Phe  President's  Voyage  to  Europe—Continued. 

■rmy  photograpbers  as  well  as  to  lay  ones.  Mrs.  Wilson  wore  a  tailored  suit  that  looked  to  masculine 
Sea  to  be  fashioned  of  grayish  black  whipcord,  with  a  small  fur  boa.  Her  hat  was  small,  of  blacK 
velvet  and  trimmed  with  white.  There  was  no  evidence  to  support  stories  of  lavish  wardrobes  that  have 
been  written  in  reports  of  her  preparations  for  the  voyage.  l''ew  trunks  we^e  taken  from  the  White 
House,  fewer  than  the  number  of  boxes  containing  dociuucntarj'  material  for  the  President's  use  Ja  tie 
i)eace  negotiatious. 

"The  correspondent  for  The  World  who  made  the  journey  from  Washington,  where  he  has  seen  the 
President  frequently  during  the  war,  observed  Uiat  he  appeared  to  be  fit  for  the  task  ahead.  His  hair 
Is  grayer  and  thinner  than  a  year  ago,  but  his  face  is  firm,  there  are  no  lines  and  his  eyes  are  clear 
wid  healthy.  Hear  Admiral  Grayson,  physician  to  the  President,  said  he  was  iu  excellent  health.  One 
incident  that  apparently  worried  naval  officials  but  only  caused  the  President  to  laugh  was  the  discovery 
that  'Bad,'  the  German  word  for  bath,  stUl  was  over  the  bathroom  door  on  the  George  Washington, 
•nd  that  'Damen,'  the  German  word  for  ladies,  was  over  the  women's  rest  room.  These  were  the  only 
dgns  of  G«rman  occupation  visible  when  the  Wilsons  inspected  the  ship  while  waiting  for  the  baggage 
to  be  got  aboard.  The  President  and  aU  the  other  voyagers  wete  delighted  and  surprised  at  the 
excellent  condition  of  the  transport. 

"Brig.  Gen.  G.  H.  McManus.  commanding  officer  of  the  port  of  embarkation,  was  the  last  ijerson 
to  oome  ashore  from  the  ship.  And  he  came  with  his  fingers  tingling  from  the  warm  handclasp  of  tbe 
President,  who  expressed  the  highest  approval  of  the  way  in  which  the  arrangements  had  been  made 
and  executed.  By  this  time  soldiers  and  army  transport  girls  had  faroi^n  ranks,  and  with  officers  and 
favored  civilians  had  tUfonged  to  the  apertures  in  the  pier.  A  continuous  roar  of  conversation  between 
the  ship  and  tbe  pier  was  kept  up,  while  tbe  two  bands  on  the  ship  and  a  band  on  the  pier  blared 
one  melody  after  another.  The  girls  were  cheering  the  sailors  and  murines  aboard  as  well  as  the 
President.  Secretary  Lansuig,  Mr.  Creel,  Philip  Patchin  of  the  State  Deyartaient,  and  military  and  naval 
Officers,  with  women  of  the  party,  lined  up  at  a  lower  rail  and  cheered  and  waved  back. 

"As  the  ship  cast  off  at  10.15  the  band  on  the  pier  played  "Hall  to  the  Chief.'  If  ever  happmess 
and  optimism  were  epidemic,  It  was  then.  The  ship  smiled,  the  pier  smiled,  and  the  reluctant  sun,  as 
recorded,  smiled  its  last  smile  for  the  day.  And  if  weather  signals  indicating  a  northwest  storm  ws« 
in  the  making  outside  were  flying,  no  one — not  even  Capt.  Edward  MrX3auley,  commanding  officer  of 
the  George  Washington — permitted  it  to  affect  the  appearance  of  dieeifulness  and  confidence.  In  order 
*o  avoid  the  bad  weatlier  that  prevails  on  the  North  Atlantic  at  this  time,  the  crossing  will  be  made 
further  to  the  south  than  is  ordinary,  skirting  the  Aisores- 

PASSENGKR   LIST    OP    PRESIDENT'S    SHIP. 

"The  official  pusserigc-r  list  of  the  George  Washtagton,  given  to  The  World  by  order  of  Brig.  Gen. 
MoHanus  yesterday,  follows.  In  the  service  staff  are  listed  two  chefs,  twenty-five  cooks,  fifty  waiters 
and  two  moving  pictiu'e  operators.     The  list: 

"The  President's  personal  party — The  President  and  Mrs.  WUson,  Bear  Admiral  Cary  T.  Grayson, 
XJ.  S.  N. ;  George  Creel,  Chairman  of  Commission  on  Public  Information;  Gilbert  P.  Close,  confidential 
elerh  of  the  President;  Charles  S.  Swemm,  confidential  derk  of  the  President;  Irving  H,  Hoover; 
Miss  Edith  Benham,   secretary  to  Mrs.   Wilson. 

"Secret  Service  Operatives — Joseph  E.  Murphy,  Edmund  W.  Starling,  John  D.  Slye,  William  A, 
Landvolght,  John  J.  Fitzgerald,  Walter  G.  Ferguson,  John  L.  Sullivan;  Arthur  Broolcs,  personal  attendant 
to  the  President;  Susie  Booth,   maid  to  Mrs.    Wilson. 

"Guests  of  the  President — French  Amba.ssador  aud  Hme.  Jusserand,  Italian  Ambassador  and  Coimtess 
Cellere,  man  servant,  two  children,  maid;  Mrs.  Francisco  Quattrone,  secretary  to  the  Italian  Ambassador; 
American  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain  and  Mrs.  Davis,  Admiral  ICnapp,  V.  S.  N. ;  Capt.  Pratt,  Mrs. 
W.  S.  Benson,  Mrs.  Joseph  C.  Grew,  Mi's.  Gordon  Auchincloss,  Mrs.  David  Himter  Miller,  L.  C. 
Rrobert,    Associated   Press;   U.    .T.    Bender,    United    Press;   John    E.    Nevin,    International    New.'j    Service. 

"Members  of  the  American  Commission — Secretaiy  of  State  aud  Mrs.  Lansing,  Henry  White,  Leland 
Harrison,  Assistant  Seoietary  of  the  commission;  Philip  H.  Patchin,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  commission; 
Svdney  T.  Smith,  Chief  of  Bureau,  Department  of  State,  attached  to  the  commission;  WUliam  McNeil. 
Chief  of  Bureau.  Department  of  State,  Disbursing  Officer  of  the  commission;  George  H.  Harris,  Assistant 
Disbursing  Officer  of  the  commission;  William  C.  BvUlitt,  attached  to  the  commission;  H,  O,  Sweet, 
eoufidential  secretary  to  tlie  Secretary  of  State.  •  _ 

"Clerks— J.  K.  Huddle,  R.  B.  Macatee,  C.  B.  Welch,  H.  B.  Fenstermacher,  S.  Y,  Skinner,  L,  T. 
Alverson,  H.   C.   Coney.  L.  W.  Roninius,  L.  E.  Muudy,  H.   Goldstein. 

"Specialists — Major  James  Brown  Scott,  Technical  Adviser,  and  Mrs.  Scott;  Assistants  to  Technical 
Adviser,  George  A.  Pinch.  Prof.  Amos  S.  Hershey.  Henry  G.  Crocker;  George  D.  Gregoj-y,  confidential 
clerk  to  Major  Scott;  S.  E.  Mexes,  Director  of  SpecialisU,  and  Mrs.  Mezes;  I.  Bowman,  A.  A.  Young, 
C.  H.  Haskin,  W.  E.  ].unt,  R.  H.  Lord,  W.  L.  Westermau,  C.  Seymour,  C.  Day,  G.  L.  Beer,  M, 
Jefferson,  J.  T.  Shotwell;  Assistants  to  Specialists— Capt.  S.  K.  Hombeck,  H.  A.  Lybyer,  P.  J.  Kemer, 
P.  T.  Moon,  L.  H.  Gray,  R.  B.  Dixon,  J.  Storck,  A.  K.  Lobeck,  O.  G.  Stratton,  W.  J.  Blank,  J.  B. 
Stubbs,  D.  P.  Frar.v,  P.   W.   Slosson.  .  „,.„,,,.„ 

"War  Department  Personnel— Brig.  Gen.  Marlborougli  Churchill,  General  Staff,  Chief  of  Mjlitary 
Intelligence  and  Cliief  Censor;  Col.  R.  H.  Jordan,  General  Staff;  Col.  1>.  P.  Ayera,  General  Stal'f;  Major 
Hunter  S.  Marston,  A.  G.  D. ;  Major  Birch  Helms,  lufautiy;  Major  C.  W.  Furlong,  U.  S.  A.;  Major  F. 
M.  Fling,  U.  S.  A.;  Capt.  T.  M.  Childs,  V.  S.  A. 

"In  Charge  of  Photographs  (to  return  at  once  to  U.  S.)— Major  John  M.  Campbell,  General  Staff; 
Major  Frank  J.  Griffin,  Signal  Corps;  First  Lieut.  Victor  Fleming,  Signal  Corps;  Second  Lieut.  Leonard 
F.  Felio  (assistant  to  Col.  Jordan,  in  charge  of  baggage);  Ruth  W.  Higguis  (special  stenographer,  M. 
I    B.);  Mr.   Raymond  B.  Posdick   (authorized  by  Seoretai-y  of  War,  not  attached  h)  Peace  Commission). 

"Enlisted  Men  DetaUed  From  Port  of  Embarkation — Sergt.  WiUiam  L.  Copeland,  M.  I.  D. :  SergU 
Lawrence  Dwight  Smith,  Corps  of  Intelligence  Police;  Sergt.  Victor  Braegger,  Corps  of  Inttiligence 
IMlice;  Sergt.  Louis  J.  Morra,  Corps  of  Intelligence  Police;  Sergt.  Robert  Williams,  Infantry;  Sergt, 
Clyde  Kuhn,  Piivate  Howard  S.  MacPall,  Cavalry;  Private  Dominick  Pronalone,  Signal   Corps. 

POED  PEACE  PARTY  SAILED  THREE  YEARS  BEFORE. 

"As  the  Presidential  'peace  ship'  steamed  down  the  bay  many  persons  with  good  memories  tor  dales 
recalled  that  exactly  three  years  ago,  on  Dec.  4,  1915,  another  'peace  ship'  had  started  forth — the  Oscar 
n.,  financed  by  Heniy  Ford  and  carrying  a  company  of  pacifists  who  hoiwd  to  end  the  war.  The 
World  wired  to  Mr.  Ford  yesterday  and  recalled  to  him  the  anniversary  and  the  coincidence.  Over  tie 
long  distance  telephone,  talking  to  a  World  representative,   Mr.   Ford  said: 

I  "  'I  wish  President  Wilson  the  most  complete  success  on  his  peace  mission,  and  I  wish  l<e  were 
l^eiviiig  a  much  more  unanimous  approval  of  his  jouriioy  than  the   country  has  displayed.'  " 


Gen.  Pershing's  Story  of  Chir  Army  in  France.  (B89 


GEN.     PERSHING'S     STORY     OF     OUR     ARMY      IN     FRANCE. 

(Cabled  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  November  20,  1918,  aud  made  public  by  the  Secretary  December  6.) 
"November  20,  1018.  My  Dear  Mr.  SotTctajy:  In  response  to  yoiu-  request,  I  have  the  honor  to 
submit  this  brief  summaiT  of  the  orgaulzation  and  opemtion  of  tfie  AmcTlcan  Expeditionary  Force  from 
May  26,  1917,  iintu  the  siguing  of  the  armistice  November  11,  1918.  P-ji-suant  to  your  Instructions,  im- 
medJately  upon  receiving  my  orders  I  selected  a  small  st-ail  and  proceeded  to  Europe  in  order  to  become 
familiar  with  conditions  at  the  earliest  possible  moment.  The  warmth  of  our  reception  In  England  and 
France  was  ouly  equaled  by  the  icadlness  of  the  Commanders  tu  Chief  of  tho  veteran  ai-mies  of  the  Allies, 
and  their  staffs,  to  place  t>ieir  experience  at  our  di.spos.al.  In  consultation  with  them  the  most  effective 
means  of  co-operation  of  effort  was  considered.  With  the  ITrench  and  British  armie.s  at  their  maximum 
strength,  and  when  all  elTorts  to  dlsi)osscss  the  enemy  from  his  firmly  intrenched  positions  in  Belgium  and 
France  had  failed,  it  was  uccessary  to  plan  for  icu  .A  meiicaii  force  adequate  to  turn  the  scale  In  favor  o' 
the  Allies.  Taking  account  of  the  strength  of  the  Central  Powers  at  that  time,  tho  immensity  of  the  problem 
Which  confronted  us  could  hardly  be  overestimated.  The  first  requisite  being  ;iJa  organization  that  could 
give  intelligent  direction  to  effort,  the  formation  of  a  General  Staff  occupied  my  early  attention. 

GENERAT,     STAFF. 

"A  well  organized  General  Staff,  thi'ough  which  the  Commander  exei'cjses  his  functions,  is  e&sentlal 
to  a  successful  modern  wmy.  However  capable  oiu'  division,  our  battelion,  and  oiu'  companies  as  such, 
success  would  be  impossible  without  thorougldy  co-ordinated  eudettvor.  A  General  Staff  broadly  organized 
and  trained  for  wai'  had  not  hitherto  existed  in  om-  anny.  Under  lie  Commandei'  iu  Chief,  this  staK  must 
cariy  out  the  policy  and  direct  the  detaibf  of  admmistratlon,  supply,  preparation,  and  operations  of  the 
army  as  a  whole,  with  all  special  branches  aud  bureaus  subject  to  Its  controL  A-s  models  to  aid  us  we  ha4 
the  veteran  Freucli  General  Staff  aud  tlic  experli^uce  of  the  British,  who  had  simiiarly  formed  an  organizatiOD 
to  meet  the  demands  of  a  great  army.  By  selecting  from  each  the  features  best  adapted  to  our  basic  organi- 
zation, and  fortified  by  our  own  early  experience  in  the  war,  the  development  of  our  great  General  Staff 
system  was  completed.  The  General  Staff  is  naturally  divided  into  Ave  groups,  each  with  its  chief,  who 
Is  an  assistant  to  the  Chief  of  the  General  Staff.  G.  1  is  in  charge  of  orgauiaation  and  equipment  of  troops, 
replacements,  tonnage,  priority  of  overseas  shipment,  tjie  auxiliary  welfare  association,  and  coguato  sub- 
jects; G.  2  has  censorship,  enemy  intelligence,  gathering  and  dlssemimiting  information,  preparation  of 
maps,  and  all  similar  fiubjecta;  G.  .3  is  churged  with  all  strategic  studies  and  plans,  movement  of  troops, 
and  the  supervision  of  combat  operations;  G.  4  co-ordinates  important  questions  of  supply,  construction, 
transport  arrangements  for  combat,  and  of  the  operations  of  the  service  of  supply,  and  of  hospitalization 
and  the  evacuation  of  the  sick  and  wounded;  G.  5  supervises  the  various  schools  and  has  general  direction 
and  co-ordination  of  education  aud  training.  The  first  Chief  of  Staff  was  Colonel  (now  Major  Gen.)  James 
G.  Harbord,  who  was  succeeded  In  Maicii,  1918,  by  Major  Gen.  James  W.  McAndrew.  To  these  officers, 
to  the  Deputy  Chief  of  Staff,  and  to  the  Assistant  Chiefs  of  Staff,  who,  as  heads  of  sections,  aided  them.- 
great  credit  is  due  for  the  results  obtained,  not  ouly  in  perfecting  the  General  Staff  organization,  but  in 
applying  correct  principles  to  the  multiplicity  of  problems  that  nave  arisen. 

ORGANIZATION   AND   TRAINING. 

"After  a  tiiorough  consideration  of  allied  organizations  it  was  decided  tliat  our  combat  division  should 
consist  of  four  regiments  of  tafautry  of  3,000  men,  with  three  battalions  to  regiment  and  four  companies 
of  250  men  each  to  a  battalion,  and  of  an  avtlUeiy  brigade  of  three  regiments,  a  machine-gun  battalion, 
an  engineer  regiment,  a  trench-mortar  batter>',  a  signal  battalion,  wagon  trains,  and  the  headquarters 
staffs  and  military  police.  These,  with  medical  and  other  umts,  made  a  total  of  over  28,000  men,  or  prac- 
tically double  the  size  of  a  French  or  Geimau  division.  Each  corps  would  normally  consist  of  six  divisions 
— fom-  combat  and  one  depot  and  one  replacement  division — and  also  two  regiments  of  cavalry,  and  each 
army  of  from  three  to  five  corps.  With  fow  divi.slous  fully  ti'ained,  a  corps  could  take  over  an  American 
sector  with  two  divisions  In  Itae  and  two  in  re.sci-ve,  with  the  depot  and  replacement  divisions  prepared  lo 
fill  the  gaps  in  the  ranks.  Our  pm-pose  was  to  prepare  an  totegral  American  force  which  should  be  able 
to  take  the  offensive  in  every  respect.  Accordingly,  the  development  of  a  self-reliant  infantry  by  thorough 
drill  in  the  use  of  the  rifle  and  m  the  tactics  of  open  warfare  was  always  uppermost.  The  plan  of  training 
after  arrival  In  Fi'ance  allowed  a  division  one  month  for  acclimatization  and  instruction  In  small  units  from 
battalions  down,  a  second  month  in  quiet  trc)ich  sector.s  l>y  battalion,  and  a  third  month  after  it  came  out 
of  the  trenches  when  it  should  be  trained  as  a  complete  division  In  war  of  movement.  Veiy  early  a  system 
of  schools  was  outlined  and  started,  which  should  have  the  advantage  of  instruction  by  officers  direct  from 
the  front.  At  the  great  school  centre  at  Langres,  one  of  the  first  to  be  organized,  was  the  staff  school, 
where  thejprinciples  of  general  staff  work,  as  laid  down  In  our  own  organization,  were  taught  to  carefully 
selected  olDcers.  Men  in  the  ranks,  who  had  shown  qualities  of  leadership,  were  sent  to  the  school  of 
candidates  for  commissions.  A  school  of  the  Ime  taught  younger  officers  the  principles  of  leadership,  tactics. 
and  the  use  of  the  different  weapons.  In  the  artillery  school,  at  Saumiu-,  young  officers  were  taught  the 
fundamental  principles  of  modern  artillery;  while  at  Issoudun  an  lmmem;c  plant  was  built  for  traming 
cadets  m  aviation.  These  aud  other  schools,  with  their  weU-considcred  curriculums  for  training  In  every 
branch  of  om-  organlz.ation,  were  eo-ordlnated  in  a  manner  best  to  develop  an  efficient  army  out  of  willing 
and  Industrious  vouug  men,  manv  of  whom  had  not  before  known  even  the  rudiments  of  militarj'  technique. 
Both  Maishal  Haig  and  Geuer.il"  Petain  placed  officers  and  men  at  our  disposal  for  Instructional  purpcses, 
and  we  are  deeply  indebted  for  the  opportiuiities  given  to  profit  by  their  veteran  experience. 

AMERICAN  ZONE. 
"The  eventual  place  the  American  Army  should  lake  on  the  western  front  was  to  a  large  extent  in- 
fluenced by  the  vital  questions  of  communication  .ind  supply.  The  northern  ports  of  France  were  crowded 
by  the  British  Armies'  shipping  and  supplies,  while  the  southern  ports,  though  otherwise  at  our  service, 
had  not  adequ.Ue  port  facihties  for  our  purposes,  aud  these  we  should  nave  t«  buUd.  The  already  over- 
t,axed  railwav  system  behind  the  active  fi-out  In  Northern  France  would  not  be  available  for  us  as  lines  OJ 
supply,  and  "those  leading  from  the  southern  ports  of  Northeasteni  France  would  be  imequal  to  our  needs 
without  much  new  cou.structlon.  Practically  all  wiirchouses,  supply  depots  and  regulating  station  must 
be  provided  by  fresh  constructions.  Wliile  France  offered  us  such  material  as  she  had  to  spare  alte'-  a 
drain  of  three  years  enormous  quantities  of  material  had  to  be  brought  across  the  Atlantic.  With  such  a 
problem  any  temporizatlon  or  lack  of  definltencss  in  makmg  plans  might  cause  failure  even  with  victory 
wlthm  our  grasp.  Jloreover,  broad  plans  commensurate  with  our  national  purpose  and  resources  would 
l)rlug  conviction  of  our  power  to  every  soldier  in  the  front  itoe,  to  the  nations  associated  with  us  in  the 
.far,  and  to  the  enemy.  The  tonnage  for  material  for  necessary  construction  lor  the  supply  of  an  army 
of  tliree  and  perhaps  four  milUon  men  would  require  a  mammoth  programme  of  shipbuilding  at  home,  and 
miles  of  dock  construction  m  France,  with  a  corresponding  large  project  for  additional  railways  and  for 
storage  depots.  All  these  considerations  led  to  the  inevitable  conclusion  that  if  we  were  to  handle  and 
supply  the  great  forces  deemed  essential  to  win  the  war  we  must  utilize  the  southern  ports  of  France — 
Bordeaux,  La  Pallice,  St.  Nazaire,  and  Brest — and  the  comparatively  unused  railway  systems  leadmg 
therefrom  to  the  northea.st.  Genei'ally  speaking,  tlien,  this  would  contemplate  the  use  of  our  forces  against 
the  eiiemy  somewhere  in  tli.it  dlrecti<2r,  but  the  great  depots  of  siipply  must  be  centrally  located,  prefivably 


690    Gen.  Pershing's  Story  of  Our  Army  in  France— C'ontimied. 

la  the  area  Included  by  Tours,  Bourges,  and  Chateaiu-oux.  so  that  our  armies  could  be  supplied  wltli  eaual 
facility  wherever  tUey  might  be  serving  on  the  western  front. 

GROWTH   OF   THE   SERVICE   OP   SUPPLY. 

"To  build  up  such  a  sy.stem  there  were  talented  men  in  the  Regular  Army,  but  more  experts  were 
necessary  than  the  army  could  lumish.  Thanks  to  the  patriotic  spirit  of  our  people  at  home,  there  came 
from  civil  life  men  trained  for  every  sort  of  work  involved  in  building  and  managing  the  organization  neces- 
sary to  handle  and  transport  such  an  army  and  Iceep  it  supplied.  With  such  assistance  the  construction 
and  general  development  of  our  plans  ha\-e  Icept  pace  with  the  growth  of  the  forces,  and  the  Service  of 
Supply  is  now  able  to  discharge  from  ships  and  move  45,000  tons  daily,  besides  transporting  troops  and 
material  in  the  conduct  of  active  operations.  As  to  organization,  all  the  administrative  and  supply  senices, 
except  the  Adjutant  General's,  inspector  General's,  and  Jludge  Advocate  General's  Departments  which 
remain  at  General  Hea^quart-ers,  have  l)cen  transfen'ed  to  the  headquarters  of  the  services  of  supplies  at 
Tours  under  a  commanding  general  responsible  to  the  Commander  in  Chief  for  supply  of  the  armies.  The 
Chief  0»arterma,ster,  Cliief  Surgeon.  Chief  Signal  Officer.  Chief  of  Ordnance,  Chief  of  Air  Service,  Chief 
of  Chemical  Warfare,  the  gener:U  purchasing  agent  in  all  that  jjertains  to  questions  of  procurement  and 
supplv,  the  Provost  Marshal  General  in  the  maintenance  of  order  in  general,  the  Director  General  of  Trans- 
portation in  all  that  affects  such  matters,  and  the  Chief  Engineer  in  .iU  matters  of  administration  and 
supply,  are  subordinate  to  tlie  Commanding  (ieneral  of  the  Service  of  Supply,  who,  assisted  by  a  staff 
especially  organized  for  the  purpose,  is  cliavgcU  with  the  administrative  co-ordination  of  all  these  services. 

"The  Transportation  Dep.artment,  under  the  Service  of  Supply,  directs  the  operation,  maintenance, 
and  construction  of  railways,  the  operation  of  terminals,  the  unloading  of  ships,  and  transportation  oi 
material  to  warehouses  or  *o  the  front.  Its  Imictions  make  necessary  the  most  intimate  relationship  between 
our  organization  and  that  of  the  French,  witti  the  practical  result  that  our  transportation  department  has 
been  able  to  Improve  materially  the  operations  of  railways  generally,  tlonstantly  laboring  under  a  shortage 
of  rolling  stock,  the  transportatifiu  department  has  nevertheless  been  able  by  efficient  management  to  meet 
every  emergency.  The  Engineer  Corps  Is  cliarged  with  all  construction,  including  light  railways  and  roads. 
It  has  planned  and  constructed  the  many  projects  required,  the  most  important  of  which  are  the  new  wharves 
at  Bordeaux  and  Nantes,  and  the  immense  storage  depots  at  La  Palllce,  Montolr,  and  Glevres,  besides 
innimierable  hospitals  and  barracks  in  various  ports  of  France.  These  projects  have  all  been  carried  on 
by  phases  keeping  pace  with  our  nee<ls.  The  Forestry  Service,  under  the  Engineer  Corjis,  has  cut  the  greater 
part  of  the  timber  and  railway  ties  requlicd. 

"To  meet  the  shortage  of  supplies  from  America,  due  to  lack  of  shipping,  the  representatives  of  the 
tliflerent  supply  departments  were  constant^'  iu  search  of  available  material  and  supplies  In  Europe.  In 
order  to  co-ordinate  these  purchases  and  to  prevent  competition  between  our  departments,  a  general  pur- 
chasing agency  was  created  early  in  our  experience  to  co-ordinate  our  purchases  and,  if  possible.  Induce 
our  Allies  to  apply  the  principle  among  the  Allied  armies.  While  there  was  no  authority  for  the  general 
use  of  appropriations,  this  was  met  by  grouping  the  purchasing  representatives  of  the  different  departments 
under  one  control,  charged  with  the  duty  of  rousolidatlug  reqtilsitions  and  purchases.  Our  efforts  to  extend 
the  principle  have  been  signally  successful,  and  all  purchases  for  the  Allied  armies  are  now  on  an  equitable 
and  co-operative  basis.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said  that  the  work  of  this  bureau  has  been  thoroughly  efficient 
and  businesslike.  _ 

ARTILLERY,    AIRPLANES,    AND   TANKS. 

"Our  eutry  into  the  war  found  us  with  fcv/  of  the  auxiliaries  necessary  for  Its  conduct  in  the  modern 
sense.  Among  our  moat  important  deficiencies  Iu  material  were  artillery,  aviation,  and  tanks.  In  order 
to  meet  our  requirements  as  rapidly  as  po.sslble,  we  accented  the  offer  of  the  French  Government  to  provide 
us  with  the  necessary  artillerj'  equipment  of  seventy-fives,  one  flftj'-flve  millimeter  howitzers,  and  one 
flftv-flve  G  P  F  guns  from  their  own  factories  for  thirty  divisions.  The  wisdom  of  this  course  is  fiillj'  demon- 
strated by  the  fact  that,  although  we  soon  began  the  manufacture  of  these  classes  of  guns  at  home,  there 
were  no  gims  of  the  calibres  mentioned  manufactured  iu  America  on  oin  front  at  the  date  the  armistice 
was  signed.  The  only  gims  of  these  types  produced  at  home  thus  far  received  in  France  are  109  seventy- 
flve  millimeter  guns.  In  aviation  we  were  in  the  same  situation,  and  here  again  the  French  Government 
came  to  our  aid  until  our  own  aviation  progmrnme  should  be  under  w.ay.  We  obtained  from  the  French 
the  necessary  planes  for  training  our  personn"!,  and  they  have  provided  as  ■with  a  total  of  2,676  pursuit, 
observation,  and  bombing  planes.  The  first  airplanes  received  from  home  arrived  iu  May,  and  altogether 
we  have  received  1,379.  The  first  Amei'lcan  squadron  completely  equljjped  by  ATnorican  production, 
including  airplanes,  crossed  the  German  lines  on  August  7,  1918.  As  to  tanks,  we  were  also  compelled 
to  relv  upon  the  French.  Here,  however,  we  were  less  fortunate,  for  the  reason  that  the  French  production 
couldbarely  meet  the  requirements  of  their  own  armies.  It  should  be  fully  realized  that  the  French  Govern- 
ment has  always  taken  a  most  liberal  attitude,  and  has  been  most  .anxious  to  give  us  every  possible  assistance 
iu  meeting  om:  deficiencies  in  these  as  well  as  in  other  respects.  Otu-  dependence  upon  France  for  artillery, 
aviation,  and  tanks  was,  of  course,  due  to  the  fact  that  our  industries  had  not  been  exclusively  devoted 
to  milltarv  production.  All  credit  is  due  our  own  manufacturers  for  their  efforts  to  meet  om'  requirements. 
as  at  the  time  the  armistice  was  signed  we  were  able  to  look  forward  to  the  early  supply  of  practically  all 
our  necessities  from  our  own  factories. 

"The  welfare  of  the  troops  touches  my  responsibility  as  Commander  In  CMet  to  the  mothers  and  fathers 
and  kindred  of  the  men  who  came  to  France  in  the  impressionable  period  of  youth.  Tliey  could  not  have 
the  privilege  accorded  European  soldiers  during  their  periods  of  leave  of  visiting  their  families  and  renewing 
their  home  ties.  Fully  realizing  that  the  standard  of  conduct  that  should  be  established  for  them  must 
bave  a  permanent  influence  in  their  lives  and  on  the  character  of  their  future  citizensliip,  the  Red  Cross. 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  ICnights  of  Columbus,  the  Salvation  Army,  and  the  Jewish  Welfare 
Board,  as  auxiliaries  in  this  work,  were  encoiu'aged  In  every  possible  way.  The  fact  that  our  soldiers.  In 
a  land  of  different  customs  and  language,  have  borne  themselvfes  in  a  manner  in  keeping  with  the  cause 
tor  which  they  fought,  is  due  not  only  to  the  efforts  in  their  behalf,  but  much  more  to  other  high  Ideals,  . 
their  discipline,  and  their  innate  sense  of  self-respect.  It  should  be  recorded,  however,  that  the  members 
of  these  welfare  societies  have  been  tmthing  In  their  desire  to  be  of  real  service  to  oiu'  officers  and  men. 
The  p.aTriotic  devotion  of  these  representative  men  and  women  has  given  a  new  significance  to  the  Golden 
Rule,  and  we  owe  to  them  a  debt  of  gratitude  that  can  never  be  repaid. 

COMBAT     OPERATIONS. 

"During  our  period  of  training  in  the  trenches  some  of  our  divisions  had  engaged  the  enemy  in  local 
combats,  the  most  important  of  which  was  Seicheprey  by  the  26th  on  April  20,  in  the  Toul  sector,  but  none 
bad  participated  in  action  as  a  unit.  The  1st  Division,  which  had  passed  through  the  preliminary  stages 
of  training,  had  gone  to  the  trenches  for  its  first  period  of  instruction  at  the  end  of  October,  and  by  March 
21,  when  the  German  offensive  in  Picardy  began,  we  had  four  divisions  with  experience  in  tlie  trenches, 
all  of  which  were  equal  to  any  demands  of  battle  action.  The  crisis  which  this  oflensive  developed  was 
such  that  our  occupation  of  an  American  sector  must  be  postponed. 

"On  March  28  I  placed  at  the  disposal  of  Marshal  Foch,  who  had  been  agreed  upon  as  Commander  in 
Chief  of  the  Allied  Armies,  all  of  our  forces  to  be  used  as  he  might  decide.  At  his  request  the  1st  DiWslon 
was  transfeiTed  from  the  "Toul  sector  to  a  position  In  reser\'e  at  Chaumont  en  Vexln.  As  German  superiority 
ia  numbers  required  prompt  action,  an  agreement  was  reached  at  the  Abbeville  conference  of  the  Allied 
S^remlers  and  commanders  and  myself  on  May  2  by  which  British  shipping  was  to  trattsport  tea  Amert    ■ 


Gen.  Pershing's  Story  of  Our  Army  in  France— Continued.     691 


CAD  divisions  to  tlie  British  Army  area,  where  they  were  to  be  trained  and  equipped  and  additional  Brltisb 
ehlpping  was  to  be  provided  lor  as  ma.iy  divisions  as  possible  for  use  elsewhere. 

"On  April  26  the  1st  Division  had  gone  into  the  line  in  the  JMontdidler  salient  on  the  Plcardy  battle- 
Iront.  Tactics  liad  been  suddenly  revoIutionlzr>d  to  those  of  open  warfare,  and  our  men,  confident  of  the 
results  of  their  training,  were  eager  for  the  test.  On  the  morning  of  May  28  this  division  attacked  the 
cotomanding  German  position  in  its  front,  taking  with  splendid  dash  the  town  of  Cantigny  and  all  oth« 
Objectives,  which  were  organized  and  held  steadfastly  against  vicious  counterattacks  and  galling  artillery 
fire.  Although  local,  this  brilliant  action  had  an  electrical  effect,  as  it  demonstrated  our  fighting  qualities 
under  extreme  battle  conditions,  and  also  that  the  enemy's  troops  were  not  altogether  invincible. 

"The  Germans'  Alsne  offensive,  which  began  on  May  27,  had  advanotnl  rapidly  toward  the  Riv« 
Marne  and  Paris,  and  the  Allies  faced  a  crisis  equally  as  grave  as  that  of  the  Plcardy  offensive  In  March. 
Again  every  available  man  was  placed  at  Marshal  Foch's  disposal,  and  the  3d  Division,  which  had  just 
come  from  its  preliminary  training  in  the  trenches,  was  hurried  to  the  Mame.  Its  motorized  machine- 
gun  battalion  preceded  tlie  other  units  and  successfully  held  the  bridgehead  at  the  Marne,  opposite  Cliatean- 
Thierry.  The  2d  Division,  in  reserve  neox  Monididier,  was  sent  by  motor  trucks  and  other  available  trans- 
port to  check  the  progress  of  the  enemy  toward  Paris.  The  division  attacked  and  retook  the  town  and 
railroad  station  at  Bouresches  and  sturdily  held  its  ground  against  the  enemy's  best  guard  divisions.  In 
the  Battle  of  Belleau  Wood,  which  followed,  our  men  proved  their  superiority  and  gained  a  strong  tactical 
position,  with  far  greater  loss  to  the  enemy  than  to  ourselves.  On  July  1,  before  the  Second  was  relieved, 
it  captured  the  village  of  Vaux  with  most  snlendld  precision.  Meanwhile  our  2d  CJorps,  under  Major  Gen. 
George  W.  Read,  had  been  organized  for  the  command  of  our  divisions  with  the  British,  which  were  held 
back  in  training  areas  or  assigned  to  second-line  defenses.  Five  of  the  ten  dl\islons  were  withdrawn  from 
the  British  ai'ea  in  June,  three  to  relieve  divisions  in  I>orraine  and  In  the  Vosges  and  two  to  the  Paris  area 
to  join  the  group  of  American  divisions  which  stood  between  the  city  smd  any  further  advance  of  the  enemy 
in  that  direction. 

"The  great  June-July  troop  movement  from  tlje  States  was  well  under  way,  and,  although  these  troop* 
were  to  be  given  some  preliminary  training  before  being  put  into  action,  their  very  presence  warranted 
the  use  of  all  the  older  divisions  in  the  confidence  that  we  did  not  lack  reserves.  Elements  of  the  42d 
Division  were  In  the  line  east  of  Rheims  against  the  German  offensive  of  July  15,  and  held  their  f^round 
unflinchingly.  On  the  right  flauk  of  this  otfeusive  four  companies  of  the  28uj  DIvIsIoq  were  In  position 
in  fac«  of  the  advancing  waves  of  the  German  infantry.  The  3d  Division  was  holding  the  bank  of  the 
Mame  from  the  bend  east  of  the  mouth  of  the  Surmeliu  to  the  west  of  Mazy,  opposite  Chateau-Thierry, 
where  a  large  force  of  German  infantry  sought  to  force  a  pass.'vge  under  support  of  powerful  artillery  con- 
centrations and  under  cover  of  smoke  screens.  A  single  regiment  of  the  Third  wrot«  one  of  the  most  brilliant 
pages  in  our  military  annals  on  this  occasion.  It  prevented  the  crossing  at  certain  points  on  Its  front  while, 
on  either  flank,  the  Germans,  who  had  gained  a  footing,  pressed  forward.  Our  men,  firing  in  three  direc- 
tions, met  the  German  attacks  with  counterattacks  at  critical  points  and  succeeded  in  throwing  two  Grrman 
divisions  Into  complete  confusion,  capturing  600  prisoners. 

"The  great  force  of  the  German  Cliateau-ThieiTy  offensive  established  the  deep  Mame  salient,  but  the 
enemy  was  taking  cliauces,  and  the  vulnerability  of  this  pocket  to  attack  might  be  turned  to  his  disad- 
vantage. Seizing  this  opportunity  to  support  my  conviction,  every  division  with  any  sort  of  tralniiis,'  was 
made  available  for  use  in  a  counteroffensive.  The  place  of  honor  in  the  thrust  toward  Scissons  on  July  18 
was  given  to  oiu-  1st  and  2d  Divisions  in  comjiauy  with  chascn  French  divisions.  Without  the  usual  brief 
warning  of  a  preliminary  bombardment,  the  massed  French  and  American  artillery,  firing  by  the  map, 
laid  down  Its  rolling  barrage  at  dawn,  while  the  infantry  began  Its  charge.  The  tactical  handling  of  our 
troops  under  these  trying  conditions  was  excellent  throughout  the  action.  The  enemy  brought  up  large 
uumbers  of  reserves  and  made  a  stubborn  defense  both  with  macliine  guns  and  artillery,  but  through  five 
days'  fighting  the  Ist  Division  continued  to  advance  until  it  had  gained  the  heights  jibove  Soissons  and 
captured  the  village  of  Berzy-lo-Sec.  The  2d  Division  took  Beau  Repalre  Farm  and  Vlerzy  in  a  very 
rapid  advance  and  reached  a  position  in  front  of  Tigny  at  the  end  of  Its  second  day.  These  two  division.? 
captured  7,000  prisoners  and  over  100  pieces  of  artillery. 

"The  26th  Division,  which,  with  a  French  division,  was  under  command  of  our  1st  Corps,  acted  aa 
a  pivot  of  the  movement  toward  .Soissous.  On  the  18th  it  took  tiie  village  of  Torcy  while  the  3d  Division 
was  crossing  the  Marne  In  pursuit  of  the  retiring  enemy.  The  2&th  Division  attacked  again  on  the  21st, 
and  the  enemy  withdrew  past  the  Chatoau-Thlerry-Soissons  road.  The  3d  Division,  continuing  its  progress, 
took  the  heights  of  Mont  St.  Pcie  .and  the  villjigcs  of  Chartevcs  and  Jaulgonne  in  the  face  of  both  machine- 
gun  and  artillery  fire. 

"On  the  24th,  after  the  Germans  had  fallen  b.ick  from  Tiugny  and  Epleds,  our  42d  Division,  which 
had  been  brought  over  from  the  Champagne,  relieved  the  2Gth  Division  andr  fighting  its  way  throutrh  the 
the  Foret  de  Fere,  overwhelmed  the  nest  of  machine  guns  in  its  path.  By  the  27th  it  had  reached  the 
Oui'cq,  whence  the  3d  and  4th  Divisions  were  already  advancing,  while  the  French  divisions  with  which 
we  were  co-operating  were  moving  fonvard  at  other  pohits. 

"The  3d  Division  liad  made  its  advance  into  Ronchcres  Wood  on  the  29th  and  was  relieved  for  rest 
by  a  brigade  of  the  32d  Division.  The  42d  and  32d  Division  undertook  the  task  of  conquering  the  heights 
beyond  Cierges,  the  Forty-second  capturing  Sergy  and  the  Thirty-second  captming  HIU  230,  both  American 
divisions  loluing  in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to  the  Vesle,  and  thus  the  operation  of  reducing  the  siilient 
was  finished.  Meanwhile,  the  Forty-.second  was  relieved  by  the  Fourth  at  Chery-Chartreuve,  aud  the 
Tlilrty-second  by  the  Twenty-eighth,  wliile  the  77th  Division  took  up  a  position  on  tlie  Vesle.  The  opera- 
tions of  these  divisions  on  the  Vesle  were  under  the  3d  Corps,  Major  Gen.  Robert  L.  BuUard  commanding. 

BATTLE  OF  ST.   MIHIEL. 

"With  the  reduction  ot  the  Marne  salient,  we  could  look  fonvard  to  the  concentration  of  our  divi- 
sions in  our  own  zone.  In  view  of  the  forthcoming  operation  against  the  St.  Muiiel  salient,  which  ha,i'  long 
been  planned  as  our  first  ollensive  action  on  a  large  scale,  the  First  Army  was  organized  on  August  10  under 
my  personal  command.  While  American  imits  had  held  different  divisional  and  corps  sectors  alovi,'  the 
western  front,  there  had  not  been  up  to  this  time,  for  obvious  reasons,  a  distinct  American  sector;  but, 
in  view"  of  the  important  parts  the  Amerlcau  forces  were  now  to  play,  it  was  necessary  to  take  over  a  perma- 
nent portion  of  the  line.  Accordingly,  ou  August  30,  the  line  beginning  at  Port  sur  Seille,  east  of  the  M<>- 
selle  and  extending  to  the  west  through  St.  Mihlel,  thence  north  to  a  point  opposite  Verdun,  was  placed 
under  my  command.  The  Amerlcau  .sector  was  afterward  extended  across  the  Mouse  to  the  western  edge 
of  the  Argonne  Forest,  and  Included  the  2d  Colonial  French,  which  held  the  point  of  the  saUent,  and  the 
J  7th  French  Corps,  which  occupied  the  heights  above  Verdun.  The  preparation  for  a  complicated  opei^ 
atlon  against  the  formidable  defenses  in  front  of  us  Included  the  assembling  of  divisions  and  of  corps  and 
anrnyt  artillery,  transport,  aircraft,  tanks,  ambulances,  the  location  of  hospitals,  and  the  molding  together  ol 
all iof.fihe  elements  of  a  great  modem  army,  witli  its  own  raillieads,  supplied  directly  by  our  own  Service  of 
Biippiy.  « The  concentration  for  this  operation,  which  was  to  be  a  surprise.  Involved  the  movement,  mostly  at 
night,- of  approximately  600,000  troops,- and  required  for  its  success  the  most  careful  attention  to  every  oetail, 
Th&'  French  wei-e  generous  in  giving  us  assistance  in  corns  and  army  artillery,  with  its  personnel,  and  we 
were  confident  from  the  start  Qf  our  superiority  over  the  enemy  in  guns  of  all  calibres.  Our  heavy  guns 
were  able  to  reach  Metz  and  to  interfere  seriously  with  German  rail  movements.  The  French  Independent 
Air  Force  was  placed  under  my  command,  which,  together  with  the  British  bombing  squadrons  and  oui 
air  forces,  gave  us  the  largest  iis.«enibly  of  aviii.ri<>H  t.i)at  had  ever  been  engaged  In  one  operation  o;i  the 
western  front.  .     -  . 


Hen.  Fershin(j''s  Story  of  Our  Army  in  Fra-nce'—Coritittueil. 

•Trom  Les  Ep.irges  around  the  nose  of  tte  salient  at  St.  Mlhlel  to  the  Moselle  River  the  line  waa 
fiughly  forty  miles  long  and  situated  on  commanding  ground  greatly  strengthened  by  artificial  defensee. 
Our  i»t  Cprps  (82d,  90th,  5th,  and  2d  Divisions),  under  command  of  Major  Gen.  Hunter  Liggett,  restrung 
Us  rtght  on  Pont-a-Mousson,  with  Its  left  Joining  our  3d  Corps  (the  89th,  42d,  and  1st  Divisions),  under 
Major  Gen.  Joseph  T.  Dickman,  in  line  to  Xlvray,  were  to  swing  toward  Vigneulles  on  the  pivot  of  the 
Moselle  River  for  the  initijil  Jissault.  From  Xivray  to  Mouilly  the  2d  Colonial  French  Corps  was  in  line 
in  the  centre,  and  our  5th  Corps,  under  command  of  Major  Gen.  George  H.  Cameron,  with  our  26th  Divi- 
sion and  a  French  division  at  the  western  base  of  the  salient,  were  to  attack  three  difficult  hills — Les  Epavge.s, 
Combres,  and  Amaramthe.  Our  1st  Corps  had  in  reserve  the  78th  Division,  our  4th  Corps  the  3d  Divi- 
sion, and  our  First  Army  the  3Sth  and  91st  Divisions,  with  the  80th  and  33d  Divisions  available.  It 
should  be  imderstood  that  our  corps  organizations  are  very  elastic,  and  that  we  have  at  no  time  had  per- 
manent assignments  of  divisions  to  corps.  After  four  hours'  artillery  preparation,  the  seven  American  divi- 
sions in  the  front  line  advanced  at  5  a.  m.  on  September  12,  assisted  by  a  limited  number  of  tanks  manned 
partly  by  Amerlca,ns  and  partly  by  French.  Tliese  divi.sious,  accompanied  by  groups  of  wire  cutter.?  and 
others  armed  with  bangalore  torpedoes,  went  tlu-ough  the  .successive  bands  of  .barbed  wire  that  protected 
tUe  enemy's  front  line  and  support  trendies,  in  irresistible  waves  on  schedule  time,  breaking  down  all  de- 
fense of  an  enemy  demoralize<l  by  the  great  volume  of  our  artillery  fire  and  our  sudden  approach  out  of 
the  fog.  Our  Ist  Corps  advanced  to  Thiaucourt,  while  our  4th  Corps  curved  back  to  the  southwest  through 
Nonsard.  The  2d  Colonial  French  Corps  made  the  slight  advance  required  of  it  on  very  difficult  ground, 
and  the  5th  Corps  took  its  thi-ee  ridges  and  repulsed  a  counter-attack.  A  rapid  march  brought  reserve  regi- 
ments of  a  division  of  the  5th  Corps  Into  Vigneulle.s  in  the  early  morning,  where  It  linked  up  with  patrols 
of  our  4th  Corps,  closltig  the  salient  and  forming  a  new  line  west  of  Thiaucourt  to  Vigneulles  and  beyond 
Fres'.ics-en-Woevre.  At  the  cost  of  only  7,000  casualties,  mostly  light,  we  had  taken  I61OOO  prisoners  and 
443  guns,  a  great  quantity  of  material,  released  the  inhabitants  of  many  villages  from  enemy  domination, 
and  established  our  lines  m  a  position  to  threaten  Metz.  This  signal  success  of  the  American  First  Army 
in  Its  first  offensive  was  of  prime  importance,  The  Allies  found  they  had  a  formidable  army  to  aid  them, 
and  the  enemy  learned  finally  that  he  had  one  to  reckon  with. 

MEUSE-ARGONNE  OFFENSIVE,,  FIRST  PHASE. 

"On  the  day  alter  we  had  taken  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  much  of  our  corps  and  army  artillery  which 
had  operated  at  St.  Mlhlel,  and  our  divisions  In  reserve  at  other  points,  were  already  on  the  move  toward 
the  area  back  of  the  Una  between  the  Meuse  River  and  the  western  edge  of  the  forest  of  Argonne.  With 
the  exception  of  St.  Mihiel,  the  old  German  front  line  from  Switzerland  to  the  east  of  Rhelms  was  still 
intact.  In  the  general  attack  all  along  tlie  line,  the  operation  assigned  the  American  Army  as  the  hinge 
of  this  alUed  offensive  was  directed  toward  the  Important  railroad  communications  of  the  German  armies 
through  Mezieres  and  Sedan.  The  enemy  must  hold  fast  to  this  part  of  his  lines  or  the  withdrawal  of  his 
forces  with  four  ^■oars'  accumulation  of  plants  and  material  would  be  dangerously  Imperilled.  The  Ger- 
man Army  had  as  yet  shown  no  demoralization,  and,  while  the  mass  of  Its  troops  had  suffered  in  morale. 
Its  first-class  divisioas,  and  notably  Its  machine-gun  defense,  were  exhibiting  remarkable  tactical  efficiency 
as  well  as  courage.  The  German  General  Stall  was  fully  aware  of  the  consequences  of  a  success  on  the 
Meiise-Argonne  line.  Certain  that  he  would  do  everything  In  his  power  to  oppose  us,  the  action  was  planned 
with  as  much  secrecy  as  possible  and  was  undertaken  with  the  determination  to  use  all  our  divisions  in 
forcing  decision.  We  expected  to  draw  the  best  German  divisions  to  our  front  and  to  constlme  them  while 
the  enemy  was  held  under  grave  apprehension  lest  our  attack  should  break  his  line,  which  It  was  otu'  firm 
purpoic  to  do. 

"Our  right  flank  was  protected  by  the  Meuse,  while  our  left  embraced  the  Argonne  Forest,  whose 
ravines,  hills,  and  elaborate  dcfen.se,  screened  by  dense  thickets,  had  been  generally  considered  impreg- 
nable. Our  order  of  battle  from  right  to  left  was  the  3d  Corps  from  the  Meuse  to  Malaucourt,  with  the 
33d,  SOrh,  and  4th  Divisions  in  line,  and  the  3d  Division  as  corps  reserve;  the  5th  Corps  from  IVIalancourt 
to  Vauquols,  with  79th,  87fh,  and  91st  Divisions  in  line,  and  the  32d  in  corps  reserve,  and  the  l.st  Corps, 
from  Vauquols  to  Vienne  le  Chateau,  with  35th,  28th,  and  77th  Divisions  in  line,  and  the  92d  In  corps 
reserve.     The  array  reserve  consisted  of  the  Ist,  29th,  and  82d  Divisions. 

"On  the  night  of  September  25  our  troops  quietly  took  the  place  of  the  French  who  thinly  held  the 
line  iu  this  sector,  which  had  long  been  inactive.  lu  the  attack  which  began  on  the  26th  we  drove  through 
the  barbed  wire  entanglements  and  the  sea  of  shell  craters  across  No  Man's  Land,  mastering  all  the  first- 
line  defenses.  Continuing  on  the  27th  and  28th,  against  machine  guns  and  artillery  of  .n  Increasing  number 
of  enemy  reserve  divisions,  we  penetrated  to  a  depth  of  from  three  to  seven  miles  and  took  the  village  of 
Montfaucon  and  its  commanding  hill  and  Exermont,  Gercourt,  Culsy,  Sept,sarges,  Malaucourt,  Ivoiry, 
EpinonvlUe,  Charpentry,  Very,  and  other  villages.  East  of  the  Meuse  one  of  our  divisions,  which  was 
with  the  2d  Colonial  French  Corps,  captured  MarchevlUe  and  Rieville,  giving  further  protection  to  the 
flank  of  our  main  body.  We  had  taken  10,000  prisoners,  we  had  gained  our  point  of  forcing  the  battle  Into 
the  open,  and  were  prepared  for  the  enemy's  reaction,  which  was  bound  to  come,  as  he  had  good  roads  and 
amnle  railroad  facilities  for  bringing  up  his  artillery  aud  reserves.  In  the  chill  rain  of  dark  nights  our- 
engineers  had  to  build  new  roads  across  spongy,  shell-torn  areas,  repair  broken  roads  beyond  No  Man's 
Land,  and  build  bridges.  Om'  gunners,  witli  no  thought  of  sleep,  put  their  shoulders  to  wheels  and  drag- 
ropes  to  bring  their  guns  through  the  mire  in  support  of  the  Infantry,  now  under  the  Increasing  tire  of  the 
enemy's  artillery.  Our  attack  had  taken  the  enemy  by  surprise;  but,  quickly  recovering  lilmselt,  he  be- 
gan to  fire  counterattacks  In  strong  force,  supported  by  heavy  bombardments,  with  large  quantities  of 
gas.  From  September  28  until  October  4,  we  maintained  the  offensive  against  patches  of  woods  defended 
by  snipers  and  continuous  lines  of  machine  guns,  and  pushed  forward  our  guns  aud  transport,  seizing  stra- 
tegical points  in  preparation  for  further  attacks. 

OTHER  UNITS  WITH  ALLIES. 

"Other  divisions  attached  to  the  Allied  .\rraies  were  doing  their  part.  It  was  the  fortune  of  our  2d 
Corps,  composed  of  the  27th  aud  30th  Divisions,  which  had  remainwl  with  the  British,  to  have  a  place 
•of  honor  In  co-operation  with  the  Australian  Corps  on  September  29  and  October  1,  in  the  assault  on  the 
Hindouburg  Line  where  the  St.  Quentln  Canal  passes  through  a  tunnel  under  a  ridge.  The  30th  Divi- 
sion speedily  broke  through  the  main  line  of  defense  for  all  Its  objectives,  while  the  27th  Division  pu.shed 
on  impetuously  through  the  main  line  until  some  of  its  elements  reached  Gouy.  In  the  midst  of  the  maze 
of  trenches  and  shell  craters  and  under  crossfire  from  machine  guns  the  other  elements  fought  desperately 
agaln.at  odds.  In  this  and  in  later  actions,  from  October  6  to  October  19.  our  2d  Corps  captiu'ed  over  0,000, 
prisoners  and  advanced  over  thirteen  miles.  The  spirit  and  aggressiveness  of  these  divisions  have  oeea 
liighh    praised  by  the  British  Array  commander  under  whom  they  served. 

"<;)n  October  2-9  our  2d  and  36th  Divisions  were  sent  to  assist  the  French  iu  an  important  attack. . 
against  the  old  Gerlnan  positions  before  Rhelms.  The  2d  Division  conquered  the  complicated  defens^' 
works  on  their  front  against  a  persistent  defense  worthy  of  the  grimmest  period  of  treuch  warfare  and 
attacked  the  strongly  held  wooded  hill  of  Blanc  Mont,  which  they  captured  In  a  second  assault,  sweeping 
over  it  with  consummate  dash  aud  skill.  This  dl\islon  then  repulsed  strong  counter-attacks  before  the 
village  and  cemetery  of  St.  Etienne  and  took  the  town,  forcing  the  Germans  to  fall  back  from  before  Rheima 
Slid  yifld  positions  they  had  held  since  September,  1914.  On  October  9  the  36th  Division  relieve-.!  the 
'2U  Division,  and  in  its  first  experience  under  fire  withsrooci  verj-  severe  artillery  bombardment  aud  rapidly 
too'ri  '.'.;>  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  now  retiring  behind  the  Aisno. 


Gen.  Pershincfs  Story  of  Our  Army  in  France— Continued.     693 


MEUSE-ARGONNE  OFli-ENSiVE,  SECOND  PHASE. 

"The  allied  progress  elsewhere  cheered  the  efforts  ot  our  men  In  this  crucial  contest,  as  the  German 
command  threw  in  more  and  more  flrst-class  troops  to  stop  our  advance.  We  made  steady  headway  in  the 
almost  Impenetrable  and  strongly  held  Argonne  Forest,  for.  despite  this  rcinforgemeiit,  It  was  our  army 
doing  the  driving.  O'U'  aircraft  was  increasing  in  sltlU  and  numbers  and  forcing  the  issue,  and  our  infantry 
and  artillery  were  improving  rapidly  with  each  new  experience.  The  replacements  fresh  from  homn  were 
put  into  exiiaust«d  divisions  with  little  time  for  training,  but  they  had  the  advantage  of  sei-vlng  beside  men 
who  liuew  their  busine.ss  and  who  had  almost  become  veterans  overnight.  The  enemy  had  talien  every 
-advantage  of  the  terrain,  which  especially  favored  the  defense,  by  a  prodigal  use  of  machine  guns  manned 
by  Idghly  tr.ained  veterans  and  by  using  his  artillery  at  short  ranges.  In  the  face  of  such  strong  frontal 
positions  we  should  have  been  luiable  to  accomplish  any  progress  according  to  prevtoasly  aceepte(3  stand- 
ards, but  I  had  every  confidence  in  our  aggressive  tactics  and  the  courage  of  oiu'  troops. 

■'On  October  4  the  attacli  was  renewed  all  along  our  front.  The  3d  Corps,  tilting  to  the  left,  followed 
the  Brieulles-Cunel  Road;  our  5th  Corps  took  Gesnes.  while  the  1st  Corps  advanced  for  over  two  mllcR  .liong 
the  iiTegulai-  valley  of  the  Aire  River  and  in  the  wooded  liills  of  the  Argonne  that  bordered  the  river,  used 
by  the  enemy  with  all  Ills  art  and  weapons  of  defense.  This  sort  of  fighting  continued  against  an  enemy 
Htriviug  to  hold  every  foot  of  ground  and  whose  very  strong  counter-attaclis  challenged  us  at  every ,.polnt. 
On  the  7th  the  let  Corps  captured  Chatel-Cheuery  and  continued  along  the  river  to  Coruay.  On  the  east 
of  Meuse  sector  one  of  the  two  divisions,  co-operating  with  the  French,  captured  Consenvoye  and  the  Hau- 
njont  Woods.  On  -the  9th  the  5th  Corps,  In  its  progress  ui)  the  Aire,  took  Fleville,  and  the  3d  Corps,  which 
had  had  continuous  fighting  against  odds,  was  working  its  way  through  Brleulles  and  Cunel.  On  the  10th 
we  had  cleared  the  Argonne  Forest  of  the  enemy. 

"It  was  now  necessary  to  constitute  a  Second  Army,  and  on  October  9  the  immediate  command  of  the 
First  Army  was  turned  over  to  Lieut.  Gen.  Hunter  Liggett.  The  command  of  the  Second  Army,  whose 
divisions  occupied  a  sector  in  tiie  Woevi-e,  was  given  to  Lieut.  Gen.  Robert  L.  Bullard,  who  had  been  com- 
mander of  the  1st  Division  and  then  of  the  3d  Corps  Major  Gen.  Diclunau  was  transferred  to  the  coramand 
of  the  1st  Corps,  while  the  5th  Corps  was  placed  under  Major  Gen.  Charles  P.  Summerall,  who  had  recently 
commanded  the  1st  Division.  Major  Gen.  John  L.  Hlnes,  who  had  gone  rapidly  up  from  regimental  to 
division  commander,  was  assigned  to  the  3d  Corps.  These  four  officers  had  been  in  France  from  the  early 
days  of  tl)e  expedition  and  had  learned  their  lessons  in  the  school  of  practical  warfare.  Our  constant  pres- 
sm-e  against  the  enemy  brought  day  by  day  more  ]!ri;ioners,  mostly  survivors  from  maclUne-gun  nests  cap- 
tured in  fighting  at  close  quarters.  .   ,       , 

"On  October  18  there  was  very  fierce  fighting  in  the  Ca'ores  Woods  east  of  the  Meuse  and  m  the  Ormont 
Woods.  On  the  14th  the  1st  CorpsJ;ook  St.  Juvin,  and  the  5th  Corps,  in  hand-to-hand  encounters,  esitered 
the  formidable  Krieiohild  line,  where  the  enemy  had  hoped  to  check  us  indefinitely.  Later  the  5tl;  Corps 
penetrated  fm'ther  the  Kriemhild  line,  and  the  1st  Corps  took  Champigueulles  and  the  important  town  ol 
Grand  Pre.  Our  dogged  oSensive  was  wearing  down  the  enemy,  who  continued  desperately  to  throw  his 
licst  troops  against  us,  thus  weakening  his  line  in  front  of  our  Allies  and  making  their  advance  less  <ilificult. 

DIVISIONS   IN   BELGIUM. 

•'Meanwhile  we  were  not  onlv  able  to  continue  the  battle,  but  our  37th  and  91st  Divisions  were  hastily 
withdrawn"  from  our  front  and  dispatched  to  help  the  Fi-ench  Army  in  Be'gium.  Detraining  In  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Ypres,  these  divisions  advanced  by  rapid  stages  to  the  fighting  line  and  wSre  assigned  to  .'wliaceni 
I'^ench  corps.  On  October  31,  in  continuo-tlon  of  the  Flanders  offensive,  they  attacked  and  methodically 
broke  down  all  enemy  resistance.  On  Novembei'  3  the  37th  had  completed  its  mission  in  dividing  the  enemy 
across  the  Escaut  River  and  firmly  established  itself  along  the  e.ist  bank  included  in  the  division  zone  of 
.-iction.  By  a  clever  flanking  movement  troops  of  the  91st  Division  captured  Spitaals  Bosschen,  a  (iifficult 
wood  extending  across  the  central  part  of  the  division  sector,  reached  the  Escaut,  and  penetrated  into  the 
town  of  Audenarde.  These  divisions  received  high  commendation  from  their  corps  conunauders  for  their 
'lash  and  energy. 

^  MEUSE-ARGONNE— LAST   PHASE. 

"On  the  23d  the  3d  and  5th  Corps  pushed  northward  to  the  level  of  BantheviUe.  While  we  continued 
1  o  press  forward  and  throw  back  the  enemy's  violent  counterattacks  with  great  loss  to  him,  a  regrouping  of 
our  forces  was  under  way  for  the  final  assault.  Evidences  of  loss  of  morale  by  the  enemy  gave  our  men  more 
confidence  in  attack  and  more  fortitiide  in  enduring  the  fatigue  of  Incessant  effort  and  the  hardships  of  very 
inclement  weather.  ,     ,  .      ,     . ,  .  ^      ^ 

"With  comparatively  well-rested  divisions,  the  final  advance  m  the  Meuse-Argonne  front  was  begun 
on  November  1  Our  Increased  artillery  force  acquitted  itself  magnificently  in  support  of  the  advance,  and 
the  enemy  broke  before  the  determined  Infantry,  v/hich,  by  its  persistent  fighting  of  the  past  weeks  and 
the  dash  of  this  attack,  had  overcome  his  will  to  resist.  The  3d  Corps  took  Ancreville.  Doulcon,  and  Ande- 
vanne,  and  the  5th  Corps  took  Landres  et  St.  Georges  and  pressed  through  successive  lines  of  resistance 
to  Bayonville  and  Chennery.  On  the  2d  the  1st  Corps  Joined  in  the  movement,  which  now  became  an  im- 
petuous onslaught  that  couid  not  bo  stayed.  ,  ^     .      ,        , ,,    ..».      _„.  _ 

"On  the  3d  advance  troops  surged  forward  m  pursmt,  some  by  motor  trucks,  while  the  artillar  pressed 
along  the  country  roads  close  behind.  The  1st  Corps  reached  Authe  and  ChatiUon-sur-Bar,  the  5th  Corps, 
Fosse  and  Nouart,  and  the  3d  Corps,  Hallea,  penetrating  the  enemy's  line  to  a  depth  of  twelve  miles.  Our 
large-calibre  guns  had  advanced  and  were  skillfully  brought  into  position  to  fire  upon  the  important  Unes  at 
Montmedy,  Longuyon,  and  Conflans.  Our  3d  Con)s  crossed  the  Meuse  on  the  5th  and  the  other  corps.  In 
the  full  confidence  that  the  day  was  theirs,  eagerly  cleared  the  way  of  machine  guns  a^  they  swept  northward, 
maintaining  complete  co-ordination  throughotit.  On  the  Gth,  a  di\'ision  of  ttie  1st  Corps  reached  a  point 
on  the  Meuse  opposite  Sedan,  twenty-flve  miles  from  our  line  of  depart,ure.  'The  strategical  goal  which  was 
our  highest  hope  was  gained.  We  liad  cut  the  enemy's  main  line  of  comnimiicatlons,  and  nothing  but  sur- 
render or  an  armistice  could  save  his  army  from  complete  disaster.  In  all  forty  enemy  divisions  liao  been 
used  against  us  In  the  Meuse-Argonne  battle.  .  Between  September  26  and  November  6  we  took  26j059 
prisonei-s  and  468  guns  on  this  front.  Our  divisions  engaged  were  the  1st,  2d,  3d,  4th,  5th,  26th,  ^stn.  ^ytn, 
32d,  33d,  35th.  37th,  42d,  77th,  78th,  79th,  80th,  82d,  89th,  00th,  and  91st.  Many  of  our  divisions  remained 
in  line  for  a  length  of  time  that  required  nei-ves  of  steel,  wlille  others  were  sent  In  again  after  only  a  few  days 
of  re6t.  The  IstTsth,  26th,  42d,  77th,  SOtli,  89th,  and  90th  were  in  the  Ihie  twice.  Although  some  of  the 
divisions  were  fighting  their  first  battle,  they  soon  beca.me  equal  to  the  best. 

OPERATIONS  EAST  OF  THE  MEUSE.       ,.     ;„  .   ^       ^  ^  .       .  , 

"On  the  three  days  preceding  November  10,  the  3d,  the  2d  Colonial,  and  the  17tli  French  Corps  fought 
a  difficult  struggle  through  the  Meuse  Hills  south  of  Steuay  and  forced  the  enemy  into  the  plain.  Mean- 
while,  iny  plans  for  fiuther  use  of  the  American  forces  contemplated  an  advance  between  the  Meuse  and  tte 
Moselle  hi  the  direction  of  Longwy  by  the  First  Army,  while,  at  the  same  time,  the  Second  Army  should 
assure  the  offensive  toward  the  rich  coal  fields  of  Brley.  These  operations  were  to  be  followed  by  an  offMi- 
eive  toward  Chateau-Salins  east  of  the  MoseUe,  thus  isolating  Metz.  Accordingly,  attacks  on  the  AmerlcMi 
front  had  been  ordered,  and  that  of  the  Second  Anny  wa^  in  progress  on  the  morn'ng  w^  N^YhlVi,^  «?ti?^ 
Btructions  were  received  that  hostilities  shoiUd  cease  at  II  o'clock  A.  M.  At  this  moment  t°e  ""iO'^  j?? 
American  sector,  from  right  to  left,  began  at  Pon>-sur-Sellle,  thence  across  the  Moselle  to  Vandler(^s  and 
tlu'ough  the  Woevre  to  Bezonvaux,  In  the  foothlUs  of  the  Meuse,  thence  along  to  the  foothills  and  thioi^h 
the  northern  edge  of  the  Woevre  forests  to  the  Mouse  at  Mouzay,  thence  along  the  Mouse  connectliig  wlUi 
the  French  under  Sedan. 


604 


Army  Pay  Abroad  and  Here  Compared. 


GEN.  PERSHING'S  STORY  OF  OUR  ARMY  IN  FKhNCK— Continued. 


RELATIONS  WITH  THE  ALLIES.  ..       ^      ^ 

"Co-operation  among  the  Allies  has  at  all  times  been  most  cordial.  A  far  greater  efiort  has  beea  put 
lorth  by  the  allied  armies  and  staffs  to  assist  us  tban  could  have  been  expected.  The  French  Government 
and  Army  have  always  stood  ready  to  furnish  us  with  supplies,  equipment,  and  transportation  and  to  aid 
us  in  every  wav.  In  the  towns  and  hamlets  wherever  our  troops  have  been  stationed  or  billeted  the  French 
neoule  have  everywhere  received  them  more  as  relatives  and  intimate  friends  than  as  soldiers  of  a  foreign 
armv  For  these  things  words  are  quite  inadequate  to  express  oiur  gratitude.  There  can  be  no  doubt 
that  the  relations  growing  out  of  our  associations  here  assure  a  permanent  friendship  between  the  two  peo- 
nies Uthough  we  have  not  been  so  intimately  associated  with  the  people  of  Great  Britain,  yet  their  troops 
imd'ou'-s  when  thrown  together  have  always  warmly  fraternized.  The  reception  of  those  of  our  forces  who 
have  passed  through  England  and  of  those  who  have  been  stationed  there  has  always  been  enthusiastic. 
Altogether  It  has  been  deeply  impressed  upou  us  that  the  ties  of  language  and  blood  bring  the  British  and 
ourselves  together  completely  and  inseparably. 

STRENGTH. 

•There  are  in  Europe  all  ogether,  including  a  regiment  and  some  sanitary  units  with  the  Italian  Army 
and  the  organizations  at  Murmansk,  also  including  those  en  route  from  the  States,  approximately  2,053,347 
men,  less  our  losses.  Of  this  total  there  are  iu  France  1,338,169  combatant  troops.  Forty  divisions  have 
arrived,  of  which  the  infantry  personnel  of  ten  have  been  used  as  replacements,  leaving  thirty  divisions  now 
in  France  organized  into  three  armies  of  three  corps  each.  „^    n^,,^    ^-^     .  ji 

««  "The  los-ses  of  the  Americans  up  to  November  18  are:  Killed  and  wounded,  36,145;  died  of  disease, 
14  811;  deaths  unclassified,  2,204;  wounded,  179,625:  prisoners,  2,163;  missing,  1,160,  We  have  captured 
about  i4,000  prisoners  and  1,400  guns,  howitzers,  and  trench  mortars. 

COMMENDATION. 

"The  duties  of  the  General  Staff,  as  weU  as  those  of  the  army  and  corps  staffs,  have  been  very  ably 
Devlormed,  Especially  is  this  true  when  we  consider  the  new  aiid  difficult  problems  with  which  they  have 
been  confronted.  This  body  of  officers,  both  as  individuals  and  as  an  organization,  have,  I  believe,  no  su- 
periors in  professional  abUity,  in  efficiency,  or  in  loyalty.  Nothing  that  we  have  in  France  better  reflects 
the  efficiency  and  devotion  to  duty  of  Americans  in  general  than  the  Service  of  Supply,  whose  personnel  is 
thoroughly  Imbued  with  a  jiatriotlc  desire  to  do  its  full  duty.  They  have  at  all  times  fully  appreciated  their 
responsibility  to  the  rest  of  the  army,  and  the  results  produced  have  been  most  gratifying.  ,     ,     ,.  . 

•Oiu'  Medical  Corps  is  especially  entitled  to  praise  for  the  general  effectiveness  of  its  work,  both  in 
hospital  and  at  the  front.  Embracing  men  of  high  professional  attainments,  and  splendid  women  devoted 
to  their  calling  and  untiring  in  their  efforts,  thig  department  has  made  a  new  record  for  medical  and  sanitary 
nroflcieney.  The  Quartermaster  Department  has  had  difficult  f"'  various  tasks,  but  it  has  more  than  met 
all  demands  that  have  been  made  upon  it.  Its  management  iwd  its  personnel  have  been  exceptionally 
effleient,  and  deserve  every  pos.sibIe  commendation.  As  to  the  more  technical  services,  the  able  personnel 
of  the  Ordnance  Department  in  France  has  splendidly  fulfilled  its  functions,  both  in  procurement  and  m 
forwarding  the  immense  quantities  of  ordnance  required.  The  officers  and  men  and  the  young  women  ot 
the  Signal  Corps  have  neiformed  their  duties  with  a  large  conception  of  the  problem,  and  with  a  devoted 
and  patriotic  spirit  to  which  the  perfection  of  our  communications  dally  testifies.  While  the  Engineer  Corpj 
has  been  referred  to  in  another  part  of  this  report,  it  should  be  further  stated  that  the  work  has  required 
large  vision  and  high  professional  skill,  and  great  credit  Is  due  their  persbnnel  for  the  high  proficiency  that 
they  have  constantly  maintained.  , ,  ,  ■,  ^        ,  .  .    .  ^    ., 

"Our  aviators  have  no  equals  In  daring  or  in  fighting  ability  and  have  left  a  record  of  courageous  deeds 
that  wUl  ever  remain  a  brilliant  page  in  the  annals  of  our  army.  Wlille  the  Tanli  Corps  has  had  limited 
opportunities.  Its  personnel  has  responded  gallantly  on  every  possible  occasion  and  has  shown  courage  of 
the  highest  order.  ,     ,  ^  ...  i.    '        .,         „ 

"The  Adjutant  General's  Department  has  been  directed  with  a  systematic  thoroughness  and  excellence 
that  surpassed  any  previous  work  of  its  kind.  The  Inspector  General's  Department  has  risen  to  the  highest 
standards,  and  throughout  has  ably  assisted  commanders  in  the  enforcement  ol  discipline.  The  able  per- 
Honnei  of  the  Judge  Advocate  General's  Department  has  solved  with  judgment  and  wisdom  the  multitude 
of  diflicLilt  legal  problems,  many  of  them  Involving  questions  of  great  international  importance.  It  would 
be  impossible  in  this  brief  preliminary  report  to  do  justice  to  the  personnel  of  all  the  different  branches  of 
this  or^.inlzatlon,  which  I  shall  cover  In  detail  In  a  later  report. 

"The  navy  In  European  waters  has  at  all  times  most  cordially  aided  the  army,  and  it  is  most  gratifying 
to  report  that  there  has  never  before  been  such  perfect  co-operation  between  these  two  branches  of  the  eer- 

"As  to  the  Americans  in  Europe  not  in  the  military  service,  it  is  the  greatest  pleasure  to  say  that,  botb 
in  official  and  in  private  life,  they  are  Intensely  patriotic  and  loyal,  and  have  been  invariably  sympathetlo 
and  helpful  to  the  army.  -    '  .  .  ,    „         „,,.      t  ^i  ,...,.  i  . 

"  T  iually,  I  pay  the  supreme  tribute  to  our  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  line.  When  I  think  of  their  heroism, 
their  patience  under  hardships,  their  unfllnclilng  spirit  of  ofteuslve  action,  I  am  filled  with  emotion  which 
I  am  unable  to  express.  Their  deeds  are  immortal,  and  they  have  earned  the  eternal  gratitude  of  our  country. 
I  am,  Mr.  Secretary,  very  respectfully,  „        ,.  .  _ 

"JOHN  J.  PERSHING,  General,   Commander  in  Chief,  American  Expeditionary  Forces. 

"To  the  Secretary  of  War." 

ARMY  PAY  ABROAD  AND  HERE  COMPARED. 

The  General  in  the  American  Army,  which  is  the  rank  of  General  Pershing,  receives  3883.33  per  montb; 
twlc^  the  pay  of  a  German  General  and  a  little  less  than  twice  that  of  a  French  General,  but  less  than  toe 
base  pay  of  a  General  in  the  British  Army,  which  is  §1,380  a  month.        ^ 


Base  rate  ol  pay  per  day  of  enlisted  men. 

u.  s. 

G.    Britain 

France. 

Italy. 

Germany. 

Private 

SI.  00 
1.20 
1.27 

141.67 
166.67 
200.00 
250.00 
291.67 
333.33 
500.00 
606.67 
750.00 
833. 3» 

SO.  36 
.50 
.64 

39.00 

48.00 

86.00 

115.00 

135.00 

145.00 

400.00 

525.00 

850.00 

1,380.00. 

80.05 
.085 
.20 

60.00 

70.00 

80.00 

90.00 

142.00 

165.00 

200,00 

300.00 

466! 66 

$0.02-. 04 
.05-. 10 
.40-. 80 

30-60 

40-70 

60-90 

80 

95 

126 

160 

190 

30.10 

Private  first  class  

,25 

Sergeant ; . . . 

.35 

Base  rate  of  pay  per  mouth  of  officers: 
Second  Lieutenant 

30.00 

First  Lieutenant 

38.00 

Captain 

90.00 

Maj  or 

130.00 

170.00 

Colonel 

176.00 

Brleadiep  General *••••......>.. 

203.00' 

Major  General. 

Lieutenant  General. . . .'. '. 

(.Jeneral 

260.00 
267.00 
357,00 

U.  S.  Military  Operations  in  Europe.  ()Q5 

SECRETARY    OF   WAR'S    FIGURES    ON    ARMY'S    GROWTH; 
ALSO    ON    MILITARY    OPERATIONS. 

(Taken  fi-om  Mr.  Baker's  Report  to  the  President,  Dec.  5, 1918.) 

The  size  o'  the  Anny  has  increased  from  April  6,  1917  to  November  11,  1918,  from  190,000  to  3,6C6,OO0 
men,  ol  whom  njore  than  2,000,000  wore  in  France.  The  appropriations  for  the  War  Department,  on  the 
executive  side  alone,  were  increased  in  that  period  from  $2,000,000  a  year  to  820,000,000;  and  the  civlliau 
employees  had  increased  from  about  2,000  to  about  25,000.  For  the  year  ending  June  30,  1918,  the  appro- 
priations for  the  support  of  the  mlliuiry  establ-shmcnt  aggregated  $8,000,000,000.  For  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1919,  the  appropriations  aggregate  -$15,300,000,000. 

The  first  units  of  the  American  Expeditionary  Force  reached  France  in  June,  W17.  With  remarkable 
foresight  the  Commanding  General,  Jolm  J.  Pershing,  immediately  set  about  laying  the  foundations  for  s 
big  American  Army.  DocliS  were  built,  miles  of  railroad  were  laid,  machine  shops  and  storage  depots  were 
constructed,  training  areas  were  laid  out.  While  the  force  in  France  and  in  immediate  prospect  numbered 
but  few  tliousands,  essential  preparations  were  maxle  for  an  army  mounting  into  the  millions. 

Until  this  groundworli  was  well  under  way  large  shipments  of  troops  could  not  be  handled,  but  before 
the  end  of  the  year  five  divisions  had  reached  France — the  First  and  Second  Divisions  of  Regulars,  the 
Twenty-sixth  Division  from  New  England,  and  the  Forty-second  and  Forty-first,  known  as  the  Rainbow 
and  Simset  Divisions.  By  the  end  of  October  Americai;  units  had  entered  the  line  in  quiet  sectors  in  the 
Vosges,  and  In  November  engineers  from  the  Twenty-sixth  Division  took  part  in  the  British  engagement 
at  Cambrai. 

During  the  Fall  and  Winter  American  troops  received  the  Intensive  training  In  modem  warfare  which 
made  them  able  to  lead  later  at  CJhateau-'lTiierry,  St.  Mthiel,  and  the  Meuse. 

AMERICAN  TROOPS  IN  ACTION. 

Ou  March  21  the  storm  of  the  German  oHenslve  broke.  Under  the  stress  of  the  situation  imity  of  com- 
tnand  was  effected  and  by  the  direction  of  the  President,  Gen.  Pershing  immediately  placed  his  forces,  num- 
bering at  that  time  about  343,000,  at  the  disposal  of  Marshal  Foch. 

During  the  ensuing  months  American  troops  were  on  trial  in  the  eyes  of  Europe.  A  huge  army,  hastily 
gathered,  consisting  largely  of  inexperienced  troops,  they  upheld  the  finest  traditions  of  the  service.  To  » 
large  extent  at  first  they  relieved  French,  and  British  divisions  in  quiet  sectors,  making  these  experienced 
divisions  available  for  service  at  crucial  points.  Then  as  the  American  troops  showed  their  fighting  qualities 
and  the  emergency  became  more  acute,  they  were  thi'own  into  the  hottest  of  the  battle.  At  Cantlgny  on 
May  28,  troops  of  the  First  Division  foU!;ht  their  first  real  engagement  and  carried  it  tln-ough  successfully. 
On  June  4,  the  Second  Division  of  Regulars  and  Marines  went  into  the  line  on  the  Marne,  where  the  Ger- 
mans were  drivhig  toward  Paris.  On  June  lo,  they  met  the  triumphantly  advancing  enemy  in  the  Belleau 
Wood,  stopped  his  advance  and  in  an  Impetuous  charge  drove  his  column  back  more  than  900  yards.  It 
was  a  brilliant  demonstration  of  the  quality  of  our  troops,  and  among  the  weary  French  and  British  soldiere 
in  the  trenches  the  word  flew  fi'om  mouth  to  mouth  that  the  Americans  were  first-class  fighting  men. 

The  attack  ou  Paris  had  been  definitely  stayed  by  the  fine  strategy  and  desperate  resistance  of  the  French 
and  American  troops.  But  on  July  15  the  enemy  resumed  the  attack  from  Chateau-Thierry  eastward  to 
the  Argonne.  ^  Six  American  divisions  were  tin-own  into  the  line  at  Chateau-Thierry,  with  several  mors  In 
reserve.     Three  days  later  the  drive  had  been  stopped  and  Marshal  Foch  launched  his  offensive. 

From  that  time  the  story  Is  one  of  allied  attack  and  German  retreat.  In  blow  after  blow  which  the 
t^ommander  in  Chief  of  the  allied  armies  struck  at  the  German  hue,  Amdi^ican  troops  took  a  conspicuous 
part.  On  September  12  the  First' American  Army  under  the  personal  direction  of  Gen.  Pershing  launched 
an  attack  on  St.  Mihiel  and  within  twenty-lour  hours  had  jjinched  off  that  heavily  fortified  saUent  which 
had  withstood  attack  through  four  years  of  war.  The  elimination  of  this  salient,  which  had  menaced  east- 
ern France,  relieved  the  pressure  ou  Verdun  and  made  possible  further  advances  north  of  that  city. 

Meanwhile  the  Twenty-seventh  New  York  Division  and  the  Thirtieth  National  Guard  Division,  with 
ti'oops  from  South  Carolina,  North  Carolina,  and  Tennessee,  were  operating  with  the  British.  The  Three 
Hundred  and  Thirty-second  Regiment  of  Infantry,  togeiher  with  aviation  and  ambulance  units  operating 
on  the  ItaUan  front,  had  a  share  in  the  great  Italian  victory.  Small  expeditionary  forces  were  also  estab~ 
lished  at  Archangel  and  Vladivostok. 

THE  BATTLK  OF  THE  MEUSE. 

From  the  point  ol  view  of  militarj'  strategy,  America's  greatest  contiibution  to  the  successful  outcome 
of  the  war  was  the  hotly  contested  battle  of  the  Meuse,  which  resulted  in  cutting  the  main  artery  of  the 
German  supply  system.  Up  through  the  middle  of  September  the  Gei'mans  were  able  to  operate  unmo- 
lested the  Sedan-Mezieres  railway  running  parallel  to  the  front  and  furnishing  a  base  of  supply  for  the  whole 
line  from  Valencleimes  to  Metz.  To  cut  this  supply  line  at  both  ends  and  force  withdrawal  or  capture  on 
this  entire  front  the  British  attacke<l  in  the  north,  and  on  September  26  Gen.  Pershing  drove  In  west  of  the 
Meuse  with  the  First  American  Army.  The  first  few  days  of  fighting  yielded  considerable  gains.  Fully 
conscious  of  the  gravity  of  the  situation,  the  enemy  threw  in  division  after  division  of  fresh  troops;  and 
during  the  ensuing  weeks  occurred  the  bitterest  fighting  in  which  American  troops  took  part.  The  second 
week  of  October  practically  all  available  units — about  twenty-eight  American  divlglons — were  in  the  Une. 
Progress  could  he  made  only  a  few  yards  at  a  time,  but  the  continued  hammering  finally  wore  out  the  re- 
Bi.stance  of  the  enemy  .orces,  and  November  1  the  American  troops  broke  through.  Day  after  day  steady 
gains  were  made  ur  iie  west  bank  of  the  Meuse,  until,  ou  November  7,  the  United  States  forces  entered 
the  out-skirts  of  Scaan  and  definitely  cut  the  German  supply  line.  A  day  later  the  French  forces  came 
up  on  the  left  flank. 

The  meeting  of  Fi-ench  and  American  troops  on  this  historic  spot  signalized  the  defeat  of  the  German 
arms,  a  defeat  as  decisive  and  humiliating  as  that  forced  upon  France  forty-seven  years  before  at  the  same 
spot.  If  there  had  been  questions  before  as  to  the  acceptance  of  the  arinlstice  terms,  the  allied  advance 
culminating  in  this  meeting  at  Sedan  left  no  choice  in  the  matter. 

In  the  final  campaign  of  the  war  American  troops  thus  played  a  pait  in  a  triumph  which  waa  beyond 
all  praise  and  whicli  made  them  worthy  comrades  in  arms  with  Fi-ench  and  British  veterans. 

Gasoaltiea  reported  to  October  23:  Deaths,  53,160;  wounded,  179,625;  missing,  1,160;  prisoners, 
2,163;  -  Total.  230,108. 

These  figures  include  death  from  disease  as  well  as  battle  C9.5iialties,  slightly  as  well  as  severely  wounded. 

Deaths  from  battle  alone  would  be  about  36,000.  About  hall  the  wounded  reported  probably  suffered 
very  slight  injury. 

It  is  interesting  to  compare  these  figures  with  losses  in  previous  wars.  In  the  Civil  War  the  battle  fatali- 
ties on  the  Union  side  were  approximately  110,000.  In  the  Russo-Japanese  War  the  Japanese  losses  were 
59,000  killed  or  died  of  wounds.  In  the  Fi-anco-Prussian  War,  German  battle  deaths  were  28,600.  In  the 
Spanlsli-iCmerican  War  we  lost  less  than  1,000  men  in  battle. 

Compared  with  recently  reported  British  battle  deaths  of  659,000  for  the  period  ol  the  war,  our  losses 
were  'astoiilshingly  light.  ^         , 

While  we  rejoice  that  otu-  losses  were  no  heavier,  we  still  bear  in  mind  the  thousands  of  homes  throughout 
the  country  upon  which  the  heavy  burden  of  the  war  has  fallen.  To  these  homes  the  Nation  owes  a  debt 
of  fullest  gratitude.  From  them  haa  sprung  unbounded  courage  to  face  hai'dship,  heroic  strength  In  battle, 
the  Nation's  power  to  right  the  wrongs  of  selfish  despotism. 


600 


U.  S.  Military  O'perations  in  Europe — Coniinaed. 

GROWTH  OF  THE  ARMY. 


GROWTH  OF 

THE  ARMY. 

Date. 

In  United 

States  and 

Foreign 

Possessions 

In  the 

American 

Expedltl'ry 

Forces. 

Total. 

DATE. 

In  United 
States   and 

Foreign 
Possessions 

In  the 

American 

ExpedJti'ry 

For9es. 

Total. 

1917. 
.^pril  1 

190.000 
480,000 
516.000 
646.000 
883,000 
996,000 
1,060,000 

1,149,000 
1,257,000 

190,000 

500,000 

551,000 

691,000 

^    948,000 

1,100,000 

1,189,000 

1,325,000 
1,482,000 

1918, 

March  1 

April  1 

1,386,000 
1,476,000 
1,529,000 
1,390.000 
1,384,000 
1,365,000 
1,425,000 
1,599,000 
1,672,000 

253,000 

320,000 

424,000 

722,000 

996,000 

1,293,000 

1,576,000 

1,834,000 

1,993,000 

1.639,000 

julj-  1 

20,000 

^5,000 

45,000 

65,000 

104,000 

129,000 

176,000 
225,000 

1,796.000 

August  1 

September  1.,,. 
Optf»hpr  1 

May  1 

1,953.000 

June  1 

2,112.000 

July  1 

2,380,000 

November  1.... 

December  1, ... 

1918. 

January  1 

February  1 

Augi;st  1 

September  1 

October  1 ..... . 

November  1 . . . . 

2.658,000 
3,001,000 
3.433.010 
3,665,000 

The  growth  shown  by  these  figures  is  remarkable,  not  simply  because  of  the  physical  and  administrative 
dlfflcultles  involved,  but  especially  because  the  traditions  ol  tlie  country  have  all  been  opposed  to  large 
armaments.  The  principle  of  the  draft  had  for  years  been  opposed  by  considerable  numbers  of  the  popula- 
tion. Yet  in  a  briet  nineteen  months  more  than  three  and  a  half  million  men  were  mobilized,  housed,  fully 
equipped  with  munition?  and  supplies,  and  the  major  part  ol  them  given  a  military  training  that  enabled 
them  to  oppose  successfully  the  soldiers  of  the  most  warlike  of  the  European  nations.  This  achievement 
Is  a  tribute  to  the  ability  ol  army  leaders,  trained  in  dealing  with  small  forces,  to  adapt  themselves  with 
wonderful  effectiveness  to  the  new  and  tremendous  task.  It  Is  a  tribute  to  the  hearty  co-operation  of  every 
Government  department.  It  is  a  tribute,  .above  all  felse  to  the  ability  and  enthusiastic  patriotism  of  the 
American  people. 

An  interesting  comparison  may  be  drawn  between  the  development  of  the  British  and  the  Amencan 
expeditionary  forces.  The  British  forces  in  Fr.ance  climbed  to  one  million  men  in  the  fall  of  1915,  and  to  a 
high  figure  of  slightly  more  than  two  million  troops  in  the  summer  ol  1917,  three  years  after  England  entered 
the  war.  In  nineteen  months  alter  the  United  States  entered  the  war,  we  were  represented  overseas  by  an 
army  of  two  million  men.  The  growth  ol  the  American  force  was  twice  as  rapid  as  that  of  the  British  force. 
It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  British  practically  from  the  beginning  used  large  numbers  of  men  to  fill 
gaps  left  by  casualties,  while  the  American  forces  could  lor  many  months  apply  practically  every  man  to 
building  up  the  force. 

GROWTH  OF  SPECIAL  SERVICES. 

The  Increase  in  complexity  and  variety  of  services  is  as  striking  a  feature  of  the  new  army  as  its  tre- 
mendous growth.  The  size  and  relative  numerical  Importance  of  the  branches  of  the  old  army  are  shown 
In  comparison  with  the  new  army: 

COMPARATIVE  SXHENGTH  OF  SERVICE  MARCH,   1917,  AND  NOVEMBER,   1918. 


Branch. 


Infantry  and  machine  gun .  . 

Engineer 

Fid.  Art.  and  ammunlt'n.  tr. 

Medical 

Quartermaster 

Coast  artillery 

Ordnance 

Signal 

Cavalry 


Old  Army,  New  Army, 
M.ar.,  1917.  Nov.,  1918. 


x85,000 
3,000 
9,000 
7,000 
8,000 

21,000 
1,000 
3,000 

22,000 


974,000 

394,000 

389,000 

300,000 

228,000 

137,000 

64,000 

52,000 

29.000 


BR.4.NCH. 


Air  service 

Motor  transport. . 
Militia  bureau. . . . 
Chemical  warfare. 

Tank 

In  training 

All  otlier 


Total . 


Old   Army,  New  Army, 
Mar.,  1917.  Nov.,  1918. 


31,000 


190.000 


202,000 

103,000 

27,000 

18,000 

14,000 

549,000 

185,000 


3,665,000 


INDUCTIONS    FROM   ALL   SOURCES. 
The  table  below  shows  the  number  and  per  cent,  of  the  entire  army  which  was  obtained  through  the 
draft  and  through  sources  other  than  the  draft  from  each  State.     Below  appear    also  the  number  by  geo- 
graphical divisions.     In  studying  these  and  similar  figures  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  draft  figures  include 
voluntarj'  enlistments  on  the  part  of  men  who  regis^retl  under  the  Selective  Service  T^aw. 
Number  and  Per  Cent,  of  Soldiers  Comixg  FnoM  e.vch  St.\te  and  From  Foreign  Possessions, 


State. 

Number. 

%    of 
Total 

State. 

Number. 

■  i,    of 
Total 

2.0 
1.9 
1.9 
1.8 
1.7 
1.7 

■  1.7 
1.5 
1.4 
1.3 
1.3 
1  .3 
1.1 
1  .0 
0.9 
0.9 
0.8 
0.8 

State. 

Number. 

%    Of 
Total 

New  York 

328,000 

275,000 

232,000 

185,000 

155,000 

123,000 

115,000 

114,000 

102,000 

95,000 

93,000 

92,000 

87,000 

86,000 

'    79,000 

76,000 

72,000 

71,000 

9.5 
8.0 
6.7 
5.4 
4.5 
3.6 
3.3 
3.3 
3.0 
2.8 
2.7 
2.7 
2.5 
2.5 
2.3 
2.2 
2.1 
2.1 

Tennessee 

70,000 
67,000 
87,000 
62,000 
59,000 
59,000 
58,000 
.    52,000 
49,000 
44,000 
43,000 
43,000 
39,000 
34,000 
31,000 
31,000 
28,000 
26,000 

North  Dako.      ... 

Maine 

Idaho 

25,000 

22.000 

17.000 

16,000 

16,000 

13,000 

12,000 

12,000 

11,000 

10,000 

9,000 

7,000 

5,000 

16,000 

6,000 

2,000 

0.7 
0.6 

Illinois 

0.5 

Ohio 

Rhode  island .... 
Utah 

0.5 

Texas 

Kansas 

0.6 

Michigan 

Missouri . . . 

Arkansas 

Mississippi 

West  Virginia .... 
South  Carolina . .  . 

Connecticut 

Maryland 

Nebraslta 

Washington 

Di.st.  of  (.■oUimbia. 
New  Hamii.shire.  . 

New  Mexico 

Wyoming 

Arizona 

0.4 
0;3 

Massachusetts . . 

California 

New  Jersey 

0.3 
0.3 

0.3 

Vermont 

0.3 

Iowa 

Delaware 

Nevada 

0.2 

Wisconsin 

0.1 

Porto  Rico 

Hawaii 

0.5 

Colorado 

Florida             .... 

0.2 

Oklahoma 

Alaska 

0.1 

South  D.akota. .  .  . 
Oregon 

Total 

North  Carolina .  .  . 

3,441.000 

100.0 

MEN  Inducted  Through  All  Sources,  by  Geographical  Departments. 


-     Department. 

Inducted. 

Department. 

Inducted. 

Department. 

Inducted. 

Central 

1,323,000 
828,000 
."546,000 

Southern s 

253,000 
250,000 
217.000 

Other 

Total 

24,000 

Southeastern 

Northca.srcrii 

3,441,000 

XJ.  S.  Militainf  Operations  in  Europe — Continued. 


697 


OFFICERS*   TRAIOTNG    CAMPS. 

One  of  the  most  serious  problems  conlronting  the  War  Department  in  April,  1917,  was  the  procurement 
Ol  sufflcieut  officers  to  fill  the  requirements  of  the  divisions  that  were  to  be  formed  for  overseas  duty.  As 
a  first  step  toward  the  solution  of  this  problem  it  was  decided  to  offer  a  three  months'  intensive  training 
to  qualified  civilians  at  summer  training  camps  modeled  alter  the  Plattsburg  Idea,  for  which  Major  Gen. 
Leonard  Wood  was  so  largely  responsible.  lu  August,  1917,  a  total  of  27,341  candidates  were  graduateo 
from  the  first  series  of  those  ofHcera'  training  camps,  a  number  sufficient  to  meet  the  Immediate  needs  of 
the  Army  A  second  series  was  held  during  September,  October,  and  Novembci',  and  a  third  series  from 
JanuaiT  to  April,  1918.  The  first  two  series  were  e-ssentially  civilian  in  cliaracter,  and,  because  of  the 
need  for  officers  of  all  grades,  commissions  were  granted  up  to  the  grade  of  Colonel.  The  third  series, 
however,  di'ew  90  per  cent,  of  its  canOidates  from  the  eiiiLsted  men  of  the  Army,  and  the  other  10  per  cent, 
from  civilians  of  draft  age  who  had  received  military  training  at  recognized  educational  institutions.  The 
candidates  in  the  third  series  were,  upon  satisfactory  completion  of  the  course,  listed  as  eligible  for  appoint- 
ment as  Second  IJeutenant.«  and  in  a  few  weeks  iifter  graduation  were  commissioned  and  assigned  to  duty. 

COilMlSSIONS     GRANTED. 
The  commis.sions  retcivetl  by  successful  candid.ates  at  the  three  series  of  camps  weie  di.stributeU  among 
the  several  grades  and  arms  of  the  .service  as  shown  below: 

C0.MJ1WSI0NS  Granted  Tbhough  First  Thheb  Sehie.s  or  OiriCEns*  Training  Camps. 


Rank. 

Inf. 

Cav. 

F.  A. 

C.  iS.C. 

Eng. 

Q.  M. 

Statis- 
tics. 

Ord. 

Sfg. 

Total. 

Colonel 

2 

1 

185 

3,379 

7,665 

23,346 

2 

Lflpiiteiiant  Colonel 

1 

Mai  or 

IS 

251 

25S 

1.371 

37 

849 

2,128 

8,540 

1 

329 

.575 

1,158 

50 
419 
747 
750 

2 
147 
407 
211 

1 

55 

519 

687 

294 

Captain 

First  Lieutenant 

Second  Lieutenant. . 

5,429 

'  3,1)67' 

75 
77 

12,374 
39,207 

ToUil 

34,578 

1,898 

11,554 

2,063 

li,960 

3.067 

152 

767 

1.262 

57.307 

FOURTH  SEHIES  OFFICERS'  TRAINING  CAxMFS. 
A  fourth  series  of  officers'  training  schools,  with  an  initial  enrolment  of  13,114,  wjh  established  May 
15,  1918,  in  24  National  Army  and  National  Guard  divisions  in  the  Uivited  States.  These  schools  were 
an  Integral  part  of  the  divisions  to  which  they  were  attached  and  under  the  original  plan  the  school  would 
accompany  the  division  wheu  it  moved.  Duo  to  the  urgent  need  of  line  officers,  however,  these  schools 
wei'e  separated  from  their  divLsions,  hvc  central  officers'  training  schools  were  established  at  permanent 
replacement  camps,  and  candidates  for  such  divisions  as  were  scheduled  foi-  early  overseas  service  were 
transferred  to  the.se  central  schools.  On  November  1,  1918,  there  were  about  46,000  candidates  in  these 
schools. 

HEALTH   OF   THE   ARMY. 

For  the  year  ending  August  30,  1918,  the  death  rate  from  disease  amoug  troops  in  the  Umted  States 
was  6.4  per  1,000;  tu  the  Amea-ican  Expeditionary  Force  it  was  4.7;  for  the  combined  forces  It  was  5.9.  The 
male  civilian  death  rate  for  the  age  groups  most  nearly  corresponding  to  the  Army  age  is  substantially  the 
same  as  the  rate  in  the  American  Expeditionary  Force.  What  this  low  figure  means  in  lives  saved  is  shown 
by  comparing  it  with  the  rate  of  65  per  1,000  in  the  Union  Army  dining  tlie  Civil  War,  and  the  rate  of 
20  per  1,000  In  the  American  Army  during  the  Spaulsh  War.  Pneumonia,  either  primary  or  secondary 
to  measles,  caused  56  per  cent,  of  all  death.s  amoug  troops  and  03  per  cent,  of  fJie  deatbs  from  disease. 

INFLUENZA  EPIDEMIC. 
About  the  middle  of  September  the  influenza  epidemic,  which  hiid  been  prevalent  in  Em-ope,  gained 
a  foothold  in  this  comitiy.  Beginning  in  the  New  England  States  it  gradually  spread  South  and  West  until 
practically  the  entire  counti'y  suffered  under  its  scourge.  Naturally  the  camps  and  cantonments,  with 
theU'  closer  concentration  of  men,  provided  especially  favorable  ground  for  the  spread  of  the  epidemic. 
In  the  eight  weeks  from  September  14  to  November  S  there  were  reported  among  all  troops  in  the  United 
States  over  316,000  cases  of  influenza  and  over  53,000  cases  ol  pneumonia.  Of  tbe  20,500  deaths  during 
this  period,  probably  19,800  were  the  result  of  the  epidemic.  During  eight  weeks  the  epidemic  caused 
more  than  twice  as  many  deaths  amoug  troops  in  the  United  States  as  occurred  during  the  entire  year 
preceding  the  epidemic,  and  almost  as  many  as  the  battle  fatalities  during  the  eighteen  months  of  the  war 
up  to  October,  1918.    By  the  middle  of  November  it  was  apparent  that  the  epidemic  had  spent  its  force. 

HOSPITALS   IN   THE   UNITED   STATES. 
Ou  November  11,  1918,  the  Army  had  SO  fully  equipped  hospitals  in  this  country  with  a  capacity  of 
120,000  patients; 


Hospitals. 

Standard 
Capacity. 

Emergency 
Capacity. 

HOSPITALS. 

Standard 
Capacity. 

Emoigeney 
Capacity. 

Camp  hospitals 

51,665 
10,717 

74,632 
13,210 

Other  hospitals ; 

Total 

29,761 

32,974 

Embai'kation  hospitals 

92,143 

120,816 

HOSPITALS   OVERSEAS. 
There  ai'e  104  base  hospitals  and  31  evacuation  hospitals  in  the  American  Expeditionary  Force  and 
one  evacuation  hospital  in  Siberia,    lu  addition,  a  special  hospital  tor  head  surgery,  an  optical  umt,  and 
eigiit  auxiliary  units  are  operating  abroad.    The  capacity  of  tlie  hospitals  attached  to  the  Expeditionary 
J'^orce  is  shown  below: 


HOSnTAJ.3. 

Standard 
Capacity. 

Emergency 
Capacity. 

Hospitals. 

Standard 
Capacity. 

Emergency 
Capacity. 

Ba'je  hospitals 

121,261 

195,324 

Camp  hospitals 

22,159 

24,880 

Total 

143,420 

220,204 

SICK   AND    INJURED   CARED    FOR   DURING  THE 


ca.n 


Army  hospitals  in  the  United  States  cared  for  1,407,191  patients  during  the  war; 
Expedition.try  Force  eared  for  755,304,  .1  totfil  of  2,102,545. 


WAR. 

those  with  the  Aineri- 


i^H  U.  S.  Military  Operations  in  Europe— Continued. 


ASSISTANCE   FURNISHED   TO    EIS^GLAND   AND   ITALY. 
In  addition  to  furnishing  Its  medical  personnel  tor  tlie  operation  ol  the  above  units,  the  War  Depart' 
meiit.  through  the  Chief  Surgeon,  has  detailed  031  American  officers  to  serve  with  the  British  forces,  and 
a  further  169  for  service  in  base  hospitals  tliat  we  have  turned  over  to  the  British.     Furthermore,  several 
ambulance  sections  have  been  operating  with  the  Italian  Army. 

EMBARKATION  SERVICE. 
In  the  nineteen  months  elapsing  from  (he  declaration  of  war  to  the  .signing  of  the  armistice  the  Army 
created  an  embarkation  service  which  succeeded  in  sliipping  over.seas  2,075,834  men  and  5,153,000  tons  of 
cargo.  Even  these  figures  do  not  adetniately  express  the  extraordinary  nature  of  the  achievement.  As  tinie 
was  required  for  the  drafting  and  training  of  men  and  for  organizing  the  production  of  supplies,  most  of  the 
stupendous  movement  occurred  in  the  last  lialf  of  our  active  participation  in  the  war.  In  tlie  last  ten  months, 
ibat  Is,  from  January  1,  1918,  to  the  signing  of  the  armistice,  the  Army  embarked  1,880,339  men  and  shipped 
4,660,000  tons  of  cargo.  Nothing  to  compjire  with  the  movement  of  this  tremendous  number  of  men  and 
'tons  of  supplies  across  the  Atlantic  Ocean  is  known  in  tlic  military  history  of  the  world. 

CARGO  MOVEMENT. 

Tlie  first  sliipment  of  cargo  to  support  the  forces  abroad  was  made  in  June,  1917,  and  amounted  to  16,000 
tons.  In  July  the  total  was  12,000  tons  and  in  August  19,000  tons.  By  the  fall  of  1918  this  movement 
liad  grown  so  that  750,000  tons  were  shipped  in  October. 

Altogether,  from  our  entrance  into  the  war  until  the  signing  of  the  armistice,  the  Army  shipped  from 
tills  side  of  the  Atlantic  5,153.000  tons  of  cargo.  Unlike  tlie  case  with  regard  to  the  ti'oop  movement,  this 
cargo  was  carried  almost  entirely  in  American  bottoms,  and  loss  than  5  per  cent,  was  lifted  by  allied  ships. 
Of  all  the  cargo  shipped,  only  79,000  tons  were  lost  at  sea. 

Included  in  the  cargo  sliipment  were  1,14:5  consolidation  locomotives  of  the  100-ton  type.  Of  these 
330  were  shipped  set  up  on  their  own  wheels  so  that  they  could  be  unloaded  onto  the  tracks  In  France  and 
nm  off  in  a  few  hours  under  their  own  steam.  Shipment  of  set-up  locomotives  of  this  size  had  never  been 
aade  before.  Special  ships  with  large  hatches  were  wthdrawn  from  the  Cuban  ore  trade  for  the  purpose, 
and  the  hatches  of  other  ships  were  specially  lengthened,  so  that  when  the  armistice  was  signed  the  Army 
was  prepared  to  ship  these  set-up  locomotives  at  the  rate  of  200  a  month.  . 

The  Army  also  shipped  17.000  standard-g;u»lge  freight  cars,  and  at  the  termination  ol  hostilities  was 
lirepailng  to  ship  flat  cars  set  up  and  read>'  to  run.  Motor  trucks  to  the  number  of  34,433  went  forward, 
snd  when  fighting  ceased  were  being  shipi)ert  ;it  the  rate  of  10,000  a  month.  Rails  and  fittings  for  the  rein- 
forcing of  French  railways  and  for  the  construction  of  our  own  lines  of  communication  aggregated  423,000 
long.  In  addition  tc  he  tons  of  cargo  raentioue<l  above  the  Army  shipped  54,000  horses  and  mules,  and  at 
the  cessation  of  hostilities  was  shipping  them  at  tho  rate  of  20,000  a  month.  The  increase  in  the  shipment 
of  cargo  from  the  United  States  was  consistently  maintained  from  the  start  of  the  war,  and  at  its  cessation 
was  imdergoing  marked  acceleration. 

Aside  from  tlic  cargo  shipped  across  tlie  Atlantic,  Gen.  Per.shing  imported  large  amotmts  from  European 
sources,  the  chief  iiem  being  coal  from  lOiiglaiul.  In  Octo'oer  he  brought  into  France  by  means  of  his  cross- 
channel  fleet  a  total  of  276,000  tons»of  coal  and  other  commodities. 

GROWTH  OF  THE   TRANSPORT  FLEET. 

The  task  laid  upon  the  Array  of  creating  a  great  transport  fleet  at  a  time  when  the  world  was  expe- 
riencing its  most  acute  tonnage  shortage  was  ji  he;ivy  one.  At  the  outbreak  of  war  a  start  was  made  at  once 
by  chartering  a  few  of  the  American  merchant  .steamers  immediately  at  hand,  and  at  the  end  of  June  there 
were  in  ser\'ice  seven  troop  ships  with  deadweight  of  46,000  tons  and  six  cargo  ships  with  a  deadweight  of 
18,000  tons.  From  these  small  beginnings  there  was  developed  a  great  transatlantic  fleet  which  on  No\em- 
ber  1,  1918,  included  39  troop  ships  of  309,198  tons,  38  animal  transports  of  372,011  tons,  18  refrigerator 
ships  of  92,542  tons,  4  tankers  of  31,271  tons,  and  228  cargo  ships  of  1,807,336  tons.  In  addition  Gen.  Per- 
Bhlng  had  gathered  a  cross-channel  fleet  which  numbered  104  vessels  and  aggregated  311,087  tons.  Ac- 
fordiucly  the  Army  had  in  eerWje  on  November  1,  1918,  a  fleet  of  its  own  amoimtlug  to  431  ships  and  total- 
Eng  3,004,445  deadweight  tons.  At  this  time  it  also  had  definitely  assigned  to  It  16  .allied  troop  ships  approxi- 
mating 150,000  deadweight  tons  and  160,000  tons  of  loaned  British  cargo  ships.  On  November  13,  two  daya 
after  the  signing  of  the  armistice  the  Army  had  American  shipping  either  in  operation  or  under  definite 
allocation  totalling  3,800,000  deadweight  tons,  a  fleet  over  twice  as  large  as  the  entire  American  merchant 
marine  engaged  in  foreign  trade  at  the  start  ol  the  war. 

In  building  up  this  fleet  the  (irat  great  increment,  especially  in  the  matter  of  troop  transports,  was  the 
seized  German  vessels.  These  slilps  came  into  service  during  the  fall  of  1917  and  accounted  for  approxi- 
mately 460,000  tons.  In  the  spring  of  1918  the  taking  over  of  the  Dutch  steamers  gave  the  Army  the  use  of 
another  300,000  tons.  The  chattering  of  Scandinavian  and  Japanese  tonnage  during  1918,  which  relieved 
the  whole  tonnage  position  of  our  coimtry,  also  was  reflected  in  the  growth  of  the  Army  fleet.  The  most 
ample  credit  must,  however,  be  given  the  War  Trade  Board,  which  by  drastic  "restriction  of  non-essential 
imports  made  possible  the  release  of  large  amounts  ol  shipping  from  the  import  trades.  Accessions  of  ton- 
nage from  this  last  source  were  especially  heavy  during  the  fall  of  1918,  at  which  time  the  Import  trades  were 
5>elng  stripped  bare  of  suitable  vessels  by  the  Shipping  Control  Committee  and  the  Army  was  receiving 
additional  shipping  at  the  rate  of  a  half  million  tons  a  month. 

The  procm'ement,  arming,  repairing,  loading,  and  convoying  of  this  enormous  fleet  taxed  the  resources 
of  the  Embarkation  Service,  the  Navy,  and  the  Shipping  Control  Committee  to  the  uttermost;  but  at  all 
times  these  services  proved  equal  to  the  bturdens  laid  on  them. 

Dming  the  whole  period  of  active  hostilities  the  Army  lost  at  sea  only  200,000  deadweight  tons  of  trans- 
ports. Of  this  total  142,000  tons  were  simk  by  torpedoes.  No  American  troop  transport  was  lost  on  its 
j'astward  voyage.  For  this  splendid  record  the  Navy,  which  arranged  the  convoy  system,  deserves  the 
highest  commendation. 

RIFLES. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  standard  Army  rifle  was  the  Springfield  rifle,  known  as  the  Model  1903. 
Of  these  there  were  nearly  600,000  on  hand  and  in  arseualjs,  in  the  hands  of  the  Navy  and  Marine  Corps, 
Regular  Army,  National  Otiard,  and  schools  and  colleges.  There  were  also  .several  hundred  thousand  of 
Krag-Jorgenseu  rifles  (Model  1898)  stored  for  an  emergency.  The  Springfield  and  Rock  Island  Arsenals 
iiad  a  productive  capacity  of  700  a  day,  on  a  single  eight-hour  shift.  Manufacturing  difficulties  made  It 
impossible  to  extend  Model  1903  production  sufficiently.  Fortunately,  there  were  available  several  planta 
which  had  just  completed  large  orders  for  the  Enfield  rifle  for  the  British  Government.  A  new  rifle,  the 
Model  1917,  was  accordingly  designed.  This  rifle  resembled  the  British  Enfleld  sufficiently  so  that  the  plants 
fquipped  for  Enfield,  production  could  be  rapidly  converted  and  utilized,  but  the  rifle  was  constructed  to 
use  the  same  ammunition  as  is  used  in  the  Model  1903  and  In  machine  guns  and  machine  rifles  of  American 
manufacture.  Production  of  the  Model  1917  was  pushed  and  completed  rifles  were  secured  before  September 
1,  two  months  before  the  date  specified  in  the  contract. 

Up  t-o  November  1,  1918,  about  2,137,025  rifles  had  been  made  and  accepted.  Of  heavy  Brovralog 
machine  gims,  39,546,  and  ol  light  Browivings,  47,019  had  been  made  and  accepted;  also  a  total  of  C3,8S4iOOO 
toachined  shells. 


Knights  Teniplar. 


U.  S.  MILITARY   OPERATIONS  IN  EUROPE— Conrtrtiw^. 


6j?0 


PRODUCTION  OF  TRAINING  PLANES  AND   ENGINES. 

When  war  was  declared  the  United  States  possessed  less  tban  300  training  planes,  all  oi  inlei-ior  types. 
Deliveries  of  Imported  models  were  begun  as  early  as  June,  1917.  Up  to  November  11,  1918,' over  6,3U0 
had  been  produced,  includlui;  1,600  of  a  type  which  was  temporarily  nbandonod  on  account  of  unsati«factorjr 
engines. 

Planes  for  advanced  training  purpo.ses  were  produced  in  quantity  early  In  1918:  up  to  the  siguinj;  of  the 
armistice  about  2,500  were  delivered.  Approximately  the  same  number  was  purchased  overseas  for  train- 
ing the  unif»s  with  the  Exiicdltionary  Force. 

r?cveral  new  models,  to  be  used  for  training  pursuit  pilots,  are  under  development. 

\V'itliin  three  mouths  alter  the  declaration  of  war  extensive  orders  were  platred  for  two  types  of  elementary 
training  engines.  Quantity  production  was  reached  witJtin  a  short  time.  In  all  about  10,500  hjive  been 
delivered,  suflicleut  to  constitute  a  satisfactory  reserve  for  some  time  to  come. 

Of  the  advanced  training  euginas,  the  three  Important  models  were  of  foreign  design,  and  the  success 
achieved  in  scciu-lng  quantity  production  is  a  gratifying  commentary  on  the  manufactm'ing  ability  of  this 
cotmtry.    The  total  production  up  to  November  11  was  approximately  5,200. 

PRODUCTION  OF  SERVICE  PLANES. 

.  Tlie  experience  acquired  dming  the  operations  on  the  Mexican  border  demonstrated  tlie  unsuitiibility 
of  the  planes  then  used  by  the  American  Army.  Shortly  after  the  declaration  of  war,  a  commiasiou  waa 
Bent  abroad  to  select  typos  of  foreign  service  planes  to  bo  put  Into  production  in  this  country.  Wo  were 
confronted  with  the  necessity  of  redesigning  these  models  to  take  the  Liberty  motor,  as  foreign  engine  pro- 
duction was  insufScient  to  meet  the  groat  demands  of  the  Allies.  The  first  successful  type  of  plane  to  come 
into  quantity  production  was  a  modlUcation  of  the  British  De  Haviland  4 — an  observation  and  day  bomb- 
ing plane.  The  first  deliveries  were  made  in  February,  1918.  In  May  production  began  to  increase 
rapidly,  and  by  October  a  monthly  output  of  1,200  had  been  readied.  Approximately  1,900  were  shipped 
to  the  Expeditionary  Force  prior  to  tlie  termination  of  hostiliUcs.  The  nura!)W  of  Liberty  motore  produced 
waa   13,396. 

AIR   FORCES   AT   THE   FRONT. 

Early  In  1918  the  first  squadrons  composed  of  American  pei'sonnel,  prorlded  with  French  planes, 
appeared  at  the  front.  The  number  was  increased  as  rapidly  as  equipment  could  be  obtained.  On  Sep- 
tember 30,  the  dato/)f  the  latest  available  information,  there  were  32  squwlrons  at  the  front;  of  these  15 
were  pursuit,  13  observation,  and  4  bombing.  The  first  squadron  equlpi>ed  with  American  planes  reached 
the  front  in  tlie  latter  part  of  July. 

LOSSES   IN   BATTLE   AND   IN   TRAINING. 

I'hough  the  casualties  in  the  air  force  were  small  as  compared  with  the  total  strength,  the  casualty 
rate  of  the  flying  personnel  at  the  front  was  somewhat  above  the  Artillery  and  Infantry  rates.  The  reported 
battle  fatalities  up  to  October  24  were  128  and  accident  fatalities  overseas  244.  Tho  results  of  Allied  and 
American  experience  at  the  front  Indicate  that  two  a\'lators  lose  their  lives  In  accidents  for  each  aviator 
killed  In  battle.     The  fatalities  at  training  fields  in  the  United  States  to  October  24  were  262. 

OVERSK.VS    SHIPNOINT,    CLOTHING    AND   EQUIPAGE,    MARCH    31,    1918,   TO    OCTOBER.  31,    1918. 


ARTICI.K. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

AUTICLK.     ■ 

Quantity. 

Vu,lue. 

HIftIlk6tS      •■          

2,592,000 
4,080,000 
3,353,000 
9,679,000 
1,321,000 

.$20,736,000 
27,336,000 
32,825,870 
19,358,000 
16,076,570 

Shirts,  flannel 

4,909,000 
8,t39,000 

26,501,000 
9,248,000 

$17,181,500 

Breeches  and  trousers,  wool. . 
Coats,  wool 

Shoes,  flelil  and  mnrch,  pairs 
Stockings,    wool,    light   jind 

heavy,  piurs 

Undersliiits,  winter.  ....... 

48,554,150 

Drawers,  winter 

11,925,460 

Overcoats 

-«18,4'.'6,000 

Overseas  SHii'AtENTS,  Subsistence,  Forage,  and  Fuel,  April  1,  1917,  to  Noveaiber  10,  JCflS. 


.SUnSISTE.VCB. 


Flour 

Beef,  fresh,  frozen. 

Meats,  canned 

Bacon 

Sugar 

BeaiLs,  baked 

Beans,  dry 

Tomatoes,  canned. 
Prunes 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 

493,162,058 

213,034,473 

118,183,810 

115,415,372 

97,627,445 

54,496,008 

38,832,171 

77,335,095 

13,709,341 


Value. 


§26,926,648 

50,553,080 

50,133,572 

49,086,157 

6,804,633 

4,986,385 

4,131,743 

5,359,322 

1,218,760 


SUBSISTE.S'CE. 


Jam 

Cigarettes,  each 

Milk,  evaporated. . . 
Forage:  Hay , 

Oats , 

Bran 

Fuel: 

Aviation  gasoline. 

Motor  gasoline .  .  . 


Quantity. 


Pounds. 

24,723,283 
1,936,159,687 

.39,918,202 
273,704,000 
535,852,000 

44,546,000 

Gallons. 
7,419,000 

30,589,000 


Value. 


$1,2S5,415 

10,4.',r,,2G2 

3,'.>75,853 

3,831,856 

13,396,300 

6fi8,190 

2,7-12,000 
7,208,000 


Tho  total  production  of  gas  masks  in  the  United  States  was  5,276,515. 

The  organization  formed  to  build  cantonments  proved  the  best  instrument  for  the  erection  of  storage 
depots,  port  terminals,  and  hospitals.  By  November  1,  1918,  the  original  32  projects  had  grown  i.<>  448. 
Including  only  major  undertakings.  The  number  of  commissioned  ofllcers  had  grown  to  1,329,  and  civilian 
employes  to  2,351.  In  addition,  as  many  as  130,000  people  were  employed  on^  construction  projectf  under 
the  direction  of  tlie  division.  Allotments  of  funds  to  October  31  for  the  original  32  cantonmants  and  camps. 
Including  extensions  authorized  in  addition  to  the  original  plans,  have  totalled  about  .S277,000j000.  ■  Allot- 
ments for  all  projects  undertaken  by  the  Construction  Division  amount  to  approximately  8756,000,000. 
■  FUNDS  Allotted  for  Construction — National  Army  cantoiunents,  $208,000,000;  National  Guard 
camps,  $69,000,000;  other  camps  and  cantonments,  8117,000,000;  Regular  Army  posts.  815,000,000;  Coast 
Artillery  posts,  .$12,000,000;  hospitals,  520,000,000;  Quartermaster  Corps  projects,  5141,000,000;  Ordnance 
Department  projects,  $148,000,000;  Signal  Corps  projects,  32,000,000;  Air  Service  projects,  $4,000,000: 
otUf?-,;Qoiistructlon,  §20,000,000;  total,  5750,000,000. 

KNIGHTS  TEMPLAR. 

•■'■1.;  i;  •      Officers  of  the  Grand  Encampment  of  the  United  States  op  AMEnicA. 

'yl^rand  Master — Lee  Stewart  Smith,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  Grand  Treasitrer — H.  Wales  Lines,  Merioen,  Ct. 
Oram.  Recordtr^Fts,^'^  H.  Johnson,  Louisville,  Ky.  ,      .   j,  _,j     • 

The  number  of  Grand  Commanderies  in  the  United  States  and  Territories,  each  representing  Individual 
States  or  Territories  (except  that  Maasachusetts  and  Rhode  Island  are  combined),  is  47.  Commanden^ 
subordinate  to  Grand  Commanderies,  1,445,  with  a  membership  of  251,167.  Commanderies  subordinate 
to  Grand  Encampments,  7;  membership,  1,399;  total  number  of  commauderios,  1,452;  total  membership, 
262,868.  •  The  orders  conferred  in  a  Commandery  of  Knights  Templar  are  Red  Cross,  Knight  Templar, 
and  Knight  of  Malta,   h  Mason,  to  obtain  the.se  orde."^,  mupt  be  .a  Master  Mason  and  Roya!  Arch  Masou. 


7m 


General  Officers  of  the  United  states  Army. 


GENERAL    OFF!CERS    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES    ARMY. 

(Wo.,   Name,    Rank,  and    Date   of   Commission.) 

GENE.'^ALS. 

P«yton  C.  Marcli   (Chief  of  Staff) May 

John   J.    Pershing    Oct, 

LIEUTENANT    GENERALS. 

Hiinter  Liggett Oct. 

Robert  L.   BuKard Oct. 

MAJOR    GENERALS. 


I. 

2. 

I. 

2. 


1. 

2. 
2, 

4. 

5. 

6. 
■  7, 

8, 

9. 
10, 
11, 
12, 
13. 
14, 
15. 
16., 
17. 
18. 
19, 
20, 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
2(3, 
27. 
28. 
29. 
SO. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34, 
35. 
36, 
37. 
38. 
S9. 
40. 

1. 

'2, 
3. 
4. 
6. 

G. 

7. 

S. 

9. 
10, 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
IS. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
'^S 
24'. 
S5. 
26, 
27. 
28. 
29. 
SO, 
31. 
3-2. 


Leonard  Wood    Aug.    8,  1903 

J.   FranWia  Bell Jan.     3,  1907 

Thomas    H.    Barry April  29,  1908 

John  P.  Morrison May  15,  1917 

Charles  G.   Morton May  15,  1917 

V.-llliam  L,  Sibert May  15,  1917 

ildwin  F.  Gleun Aug,    5,  1017 

Charles  J.   BaUty Aug.    5,  1917 

George  Bell  jr Aug.     5,  1917 

FredericU  S.   Strong Aug.     5,  1917 

Harry  F.  Hodges Aug.     5,  1917 

Clarence    P.    Townsley Aug.     5,  1917 

Francis  J.  Kernau Aug.     5,  1917 

Joliu  Biddle  Aug.     5,  1917 

Henry  C.  Hodges  jr Aug.     5,  1917 

Joseph  T.   Dickman Aug.     5,  1917 

Adelbert  Cronkhite Aug.     5,  1917 

Henry    I,    Alien Aug.     5,1917 

Clarence  K.    Edwards Aug.     5,  1917 

Chase   W,    Kennedy Aug.     5,  1917 

Omar   Bundy Aug.     5,  1917 

Harry   C.   Hale Aug.     5,  1917 

.Samuel  D,   Stuigis Aug,     5,  1917 

David  C.   Shanks Aug.     5,  1917 

William   M.    Wright Aug.     5,  1917 

Joseph  E.  Kuhn Aug.     5,  1917 

George    H,    Cameron Nov.  28,  1917 

George    W.    Head..,. Nov.  28,  1917 

Andre  W.  Brewster Nov.  28,  1917 

Cliarles  H.  Muir Nov.  28,  1917 

Charles   T.    Menoher Nov.  28,  1917 

Charles   C.    Ballou '.Nov.  28,  1917 

William   C.    Langfitt Dec.  17,  1917 

John  E,    McMahou Dec.  17,  1917 

William   G.    Ilaan Dec.  17,  1917 

William  P,  Burnham April  12,  1918 

Willard  A.    Holbrook April  12,  1918 

James   H.    Wcliae April  12,  1918 

George   B.   Duncan April  12,  1918 

Ernest   Huids    April  12,  1918 


41.  Charles   H.    Jlartiu April 

42.  Charles    S.    Farnsworth April 

i'i.  James  W.   McAiidreiv April 

44.  Edward  F.    McGlachlln  jv April 

45.  LeRoy    S.    Lyon April 

46.  William  L.   Kenly April 

47.  Mason  M.    Patrick June 

48.  Peter  E.  Traub Jime 

49.  Edward  M.    Lewis June 

50.  William  S.   Graves June 

51.  William  J,    Snow Jime 

52.  James    G.    Harbord June 

53.  William  B.    Smith .Time 

54.  Charles   P.    Sumiutiiill Jime 

55.  William     Croxicr July 

50.  Henry   G.    Sliarpe : July 

57.  Jesse  McI.   Carter Aug. 

58.  WiUiam  H.    Johnston Aug. 

59.  Grote   Hutcheson Aug, 

00.  Beaumont   B.   Buck Aug. 

61.  Walter  H.   Gordon Aug. 

62.  William   Weigel Aug. 

63.  Ell  A.  Helmick Aug. 

64.  Robert   L.    Howze Aug, 

65.  WiUiam    Lassiter    Aug. 

60.  Robert  Alexander  Aug. 

67.  wmiam  S.  McNair    Aug. 

68.  John  L.  Hines  Aug. 

69.  Henry   P.    McCain Aug. 

70.  Guy   Carleton    Oct. 

71.  De  Rosey   C.    Cabell Oct. 

72.  William    H.     Hay Oct. 

73.  Frank    L.    Winn Oct. 

74.  Edmund  Wittenmjer    Oct. 

75.  JIark    L.    Hersey Oct. 

76.  Henry    Jervey > Oct. 

77.  Clement  A.  P.  Flagler Oct. 

78.  Charles  D.   Rhodes Oct. 

79.  Joseph   D.    Leitch Oct. 

80.  Hanson    E.    Ely Oct. 

81.  John  F.  O'Ryan Aug. 


20.  Id)3 
6,    1917 

16,  (918 
16,    1918 

12.  1918 
12,  1918 
12,  1018 
12,  1918 
12,  1918 
29,  1918 
26,  1918 
26.  1918 
26.  1918 
20,  1918 
20,  1918 
26,  1918 
26,  1018 

26,  1918 
12.  1918 
12.  1918 

8.  1918 
8,  1918 
8,  1918 
8,  1918 
8.  1918 
8,  1918 
8,  1918 
8,  1918 
8,  1918 
8,  1918 
8,  1918 
8.  1918 

27,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1.  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1.  1918 
1,  1918 
1.  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
5,  1917 


BRIGADIER   GENERALS. 


Hhiut    a.    Greene Nov.  19,  1914 

Edward  H.   Plummer  July    1,  1916 

John    W.    Ruckman JiUy  20,  1916 

Francis  H.   French Sept.  30,  1916 

Charles    G.    Treat Oct.   18,  1916 

Augustus   P.    Blocksom May  15,  1917 

waiiam  H.   Sase May  15,  1917 

Richard  M.   Blatchford May  15,  1917 

William  J,    Nicliolson Aug.     5,  1917 

Wither    E.    Wildei Aug.     5,1917 

William  D.   Beach Aug.     5,  1917 

Lloyd  M.  Brett Aug.     5,  1917 

James  B.   Erwin Aug.     5,  1917 

.Joseph  A,  Gastou Aug,     5,  1917 

Charles   H.    Bartli Aug.     5,  1917 

Echvard  Burr  Aug.     5,  1917 

George  W.   Mclver Aug.     5,  1917 

Ttiomas  B.   Dut'an Aug.     5,  1917 

Ira   A.    Haynes Aug.     5,  1917 

Samson  L.   Faisou Aug.     5,  1917 

Joseph  P.   O'Neil Aug.     5,   1917 

Stephen   M.    Foote Aug.     5,  1917 

Wilds  P,    Richardson Aug.     5,  1917 

Harry  Taylor   Aug.     5,  1917 

Daniel  B.   Devore Aug.     5,  1917 

William  F.   Martin   Aug.     5,  1917 

Evan   M.    Johnson Aug.     5,1917 

Lucien    G.    Berry Aug.     5,  1917 

Benjamin    A,    Poore Aug.     5,  1917 

Julius  A.  Penn Aug.     5.  1917 

iVichmond  P.  Davis Aug.     5,  1917 

i;-.igar  Russel    Aug.    G.  1917' 


33.  Tliomas  G.   Hanson   Aug. 

34.  Herman  Hall  Aug. 

35.  Alarcus  D.    Cronin Aug. 

36.  James  T.   Dean Aug. 

37.  Michael  J.  Lenihan Aug. 

38.  Frank   H.    Albright Aug. 

39.  Frederic    D.    Evans Aug. 

40.  John  L.  Hayden Aug. 

41.  Charles   H.    McICinstry Aug. 

42.  William  V.    Judson Aug. 

43.  Walter  A.    Bethel Aug, 

44.  George   LeR.    Irwin Aug, 

45.  Henry  D.   Todd  jr Aug, 

46.  Clint   C.   Hearn Aug. 

47.  George  G.   Gatley Aug. 

48.  Andrew  Hero  jr Aug. 

49.  George  Blakely    Aug. 

50.  Malvern-Hill   Barnuin' Oct. 

51.  John  B.   McDonald    Dec. 

52.  Edward   A.    Millar Dec. 

53.  Thomas  H.   Bees Dec. 

54.  P.   D.   Lochridge Dec. 

55.  Munroe    McParlaud Dec. 

56.  William  R.    Sample    Dec. 

57.  John  S.   Winn Dec. 

58.  William  W.   Harts Dec. 

59.  William  C.    Daris ..Dec, 

GO.  Francis  C.  Marshall  , Dec. 

61.  Edgar    Jadwin , . . ,  .Dec. 

62.  .Tames  A.   I'van Dec. 

6:1.  Fivd .  AV.    ^'aden Dec. 

tU.   Hariy   H.    P.andUoliZ Doc. 


5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  191-7 
5,  1917 

5,  1917 

6,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5,  1917 
5.  1917 

31?  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 
17,  1917 


General  Officers  of  the  United  States  Army— Continued. 


roi 


BKIGADIER  GENERA l.i'j— Continued,. 


cr,    I'aiU  A.   Wolf Dec.  17,  lOlT 

bii.  Tiemanii   N.    Horn Dec.  17,1917 

67.  Palmer  E.   Pierce Dec.  17,  1917 

C8.  William    Cliamberlaiiie Dec.  17.  1917 

69.  Edwin   B.    Babbitt Feb.  12,  191S 

70.  John    D.     Barrette Fob.  VX,  191S 

71.  Arthvii-  Jolmsoii    April  12,  1918 

72.  <Jharles   Gerhardt    April  12,  3  918 

73.  William   K.    Dashiell April  12,  1918 

74.  Guy    n.    Prestou April  12,  1918 

75.  Franli  U.   CaUlweU Aprii  12.  1918 

.70.  Lntz  Wahl April  12,  1918 

77.  Joseph  C.   CastUL-r April  12,  1918 

78.  Jjiliaa   R.    Lindsej- April  12,  1918 

79.  George  H.  Oamor&ou  April  12,  1918 

.SO.  Lincoln  C.   Andrews AprU  12,  1918 

81.  Dwight  E.   AiUtmaii AprU  12,  1918 

82.  Ora   E.    Hunt..' '..AprU  12,  1918 

k:J.  Adrian    S.    Flemiiis April  12,  1918 

Hi.  Thomas   W.    Darrah April  12,  1918 

K5.  Johnson  Hagood , April  12,  1918 

S(i..  Lytle    Browi April  12,  1918 

87.  Alfred  A.    Starbird April  12,  1918 

88.  Edward   T.    Donnell;.- April  12,  1918 

89.  Fred    T.     Austin April  12,  1918 

90.  William  I.    Westcrvelt April  12,  1918 

ill.  Augustine    Mclntyre April  12,  1918 

92.  Robert    E.     Wood April  15,  1918 

93.  Hugh    S.    .Tolmsou April  15,  191 8 

34.  Fraulj  T.   Hiiies AprU  18,  1918 

95.  Charles  C.    Walcutt  jr Juno  26,  1918 

96.  Lucius  L.  Durfee June  26,  1918 

97.  Charles   A.    Hedeldu June  26,  1918 

98.  Edward  R.    Chrismaii June  26,  1918 

99.  James   J.    Hornbrooli June  26,  1918 

100.  .Tay   J.    Morrow June  20,  1918 

101.  Edwin   B.    Winans June  26,  1918 

102.  Harry   A.    Smith June  26,  1918 

103.  George   C.    .Saffarans .Juno  26,  1918 

104.  William   P.    Jackson .Vune  26,  1918 

105.  John  J.   Bradley -. June  26,  1918 

106.  Samuel   D.    Rockcnbach .Tune  26,  1918 

107.  Howard  It.    Hickolc June  26,  1918 

108.  Charles  W.    Kutz June  20,  1918 

109.  Meriwether    L.     Walker June  26,  1918 

110.  William    JI.    Cruiksliank Juno  26,  1918 

111.  Francis  LeJ.    I'arker June  26,  1918 

112.  Otlio  B.    llosenb.aura June  26,  1918 

113.  George    H.    Sheltou..T June  26,  1918 

114.  Mcrch   B.    Stewart June  20,  1918 

115.  Edward   L.    King June  26,  1918 

J16.  William  D.   Connor June  20,  1918 

117.  Albert   J.    Bowley June  26,  1918 

118.  Harold    B.     Fislce .Tune  26,  1918 

119.  Harry  G.    Bishop June  26,  1918 

120.  Andrew  Moses .Tune  26,  1918 

121.  John    E.    Stephens Juns  26,  1918 

122.  Malin  Craig June  26,  1918 

123.  Robert  C.   Davis June  26,  1918 

124.  Oliver  L.   Spauldiiig  jr June  26,  1918 

126.  Alfred   W.    Bjornstad .Tune  26,  1918 

126.  Henry  J.    Hatch June  26,  1918 

127.  Ewing    E.    Booth June  26,  1918 

128.  George  V.  H.   Moseley June  2G,  1918 

129.  Wilson  B.   Burtl June  26,  1918 

130.  Richird  C.   Marshall  jr June  26,  1918 

131.  Douglas  MacArtlmr June  26,  1918 

132.  John    N.    Hodges ' June  26,  1918 

1.33.  Kenrif    C.     Newcomer Aug.     8,  1918 

134.  Edward   D.    Aiidorsou Aug.     8,  1918 

135.  LeRoy  S.   Upton Aug.     S,  1918 

136.  William  J.   Glasiiow ....gug.     8,  1918 

137.  i^mr  W.    Davison Aug.     8,  1918 

138.  John.  E.   Woodward Aug.     8,1918 

139.  Hdward  L.    Laub.-.ch .Aug.     8,  1918 

140.  S.; J.. Bayard  .Scuindcl Aug.     8,  1918 

141..,8i''anR   E.    B.amford Aug.     8,  1918 

142.  SS'ank    Parker Aug.     8,  1918 

143.  George    H.    Estes Aug.     8,  1918 

144.  Oliver   Edwards Aug.     8,  1918 

145.  Briant  H.  Wells Aug.     8,  1918 

146.  Pegram    Whitworth Aug.     8,  1918 

147.  Frank  B,   Wai.=on    Aug.    8,  1918 


14G.  Robert  E.   Callan , Aug.  8,  1918 

149.  Le    Roy    Eltinge Aug.  8,  1918 

150.  Frank  K.   Fergusson Aug.  8,  1918 

151.  Dennis    E.    Nolan Aug.  8,  1918 

152.  Harley   B.    Ferguson Aug.  8,   3918 

153.  Jlanus    McCloskey Aug.  8,   1918 

154.  George   A.    Nugent Aug.  8,   1918 

155.  William    E.    Cole Aug.  S,   1918 

156.  Fox   Conner    Aug,  8,  1918 

157.  Guy  V.   Henry ; ..Aug.  i}.   1918 

158.  Raymond   W.    Ihigga Aug.  (?,  1918 

159.  William   P.    j!;nnis ....Aug.  8,  1918 

160.  Edward  H.   DeArmoud Aug.  8.   1918 

161.  Beverly  F.   Browne Aug.  8,   1918 

162.  Marlborough    Cluirohill Aug.  8.   1918 

163.  WUliam  II.    Burt Aui?.  8,  1918 

164.  Robert  M.   Danford Aug.  8,  1918 

165.  John    W.    Heavey Aug.  9,   1918 

166.  Amos    A.    Frie.s Aug.  16,   1918 

167.  Ulysses  G.    McAlexander Aug.  10,  1918 

168.  Preston    Brown Aug.  16,   1918 

169.  Lucius   R.    Xlolbrook.-. Aug.  10,  1918 

170.  Frank   R.    McCoy Aug.  16,  1918 

171.  William  S.    Scott Oct.  1,  1918 

172.  Tyree    R.     Rivers Oct.  1,  1918 

173.  John  W.   Heard Oct.  1,  1918 

174.  Farrand    Sayre Oct.  1,  1918 

175.  Gcorgo   O.    Cross Oct.  1,  1918 

176.  William    C.    Rivers Oct.  1,1918 

177.  Francis  J.    Koester Oct.  1,  1918 

178.  Jolm   D.    L.    Hartman Oct.  1,  1918 

179.  Edward    Andersou Oct.  1,  1918 

180.  wmiam   T.    Littebrant Oct.  1,1918 

181.  William   0.    .Tohiison Oct.  1,  1918 

182.  James    R.    Lindsay Oct.  1,1918 

183.  Daniel  W.   Kctcham Oct.  1,  1918 

184.  Vernon   A.    Caldwell    Oct.  1 ,  1918 

185.  George  D.   Moore Oct.  1,   1918 

186.  Harold  P.   Howard ........Oct.  1,  1918 

187.  John  B.   Benntt Oct.  1,  1918 

188.  Melville  S.  .larvis Oct.  1,  1918 

189.  Hcr'Dert   0.    WiUiaraa , Oct.  1,  1918 

190.  Albert  C.  Daltiiii Oct.  1,  1918 

191.  Harrison  J.    ITice Oct.  1,1918 

192.  Walter   0.    Short Oct.  1,  1918 

193.  George  C.  Earnhardt Oct.  1,  1918 

194.  Robert   W.    Jlrarns Oot.  1,  1918 

195.  Edward   L.    Jlinison Oct.  1,  1918 

196.  George   H.    MoMaiuis Oct. 

197.  William   R.    Smedberg  jr Oct. 

198.  Mathew  C.    Smith Oct. 

199.  Paul   B.    Malone Oct. 

200.  Prank  S.   Oociieu Oot. 

201.  WUliam   E.    Wol.sh Oct. 

202.  John  W.   Barlscr Oct. 

203.  Louis  M.   Nuitniau , Oct. 

204.  Benjamin  T.   Sinmions Oct. 

205.  Frederick    B.    -Sliaw •. ...Oct. 

206.  WUliam  B.   Cochran Oct. 

207.  Clarence  M.   McNeU Oct. 

208.  Charles  B.    Drake Oct. 

209.  Reynolds  J.  Bmt Oct. 

210.  Rufus   E.    Longau Oct. 

21L  V/illiara   M.    Fassett Oct. 

212.  Henry    W.    Bulntr Oct. 

21.S.  MarceUus  G.  Spiiiks Oct. 

214.  William    K.    Naylor Oct. 

215.  Charles   E.    KUbourue Oct.  1,  1918 

210.  CampbeU    King Oct.  1.  1918 

217.  Percy  P.    Bishop Oct.  1.  1918 

218.  John  W.   Kilbreth  jr Oct.  1,  1918 

219.  Hugh  A.    Drum Oct.  J,  1918 

220.  Daniel   F.    Craig Oct.  1,  1918 

221.  George  S.   Simonds Oct.  1,  191S 

222.  Stuart  Heiutzelman    Oct.  1,  1918 

223.  Orval    P.    Townshend Oct.  1,  1918 

224.  Daniel  W.  Hand .' Oct.  J,  1918 

225.  Robert    I.    Rees Oct.  1.  391» 

226.  Archibald  H.    Sunderland -Oct.  1,  1918 

227.  Laurin  L.  Law.son Oct.  1,  1918 

228.  Dennis  H.  Currie Oct.  1,  1918 

229.  James   H.    Brysou Oct.  3,  1918 

230.  William  H.   Rose Oct.  3.  191S 


1918 
1918 
1918 
1913 
1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  191S 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
],  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 
1,  1918 


702      "General  Officers  of  the  United  Slates  Army—Contit 


nuc-^ 


BRIGADIER  GENERALS — Continued. 


231 
252! 

234. 
2S5. 
236. 
23T. 
238. 
239. 
240. 
241. 
242 
24S! 
244. 
245. 
240. 


Lesley   J.    McNair Oct.  1,1918 

George  B.  Allin   Oct.  1,  1918 

Pelham  D.   Glasstcrrt Oct.  1,  1918 

William  Br.vdeu Oct.  1,  1918 

Charles   S.   BIakel> Oct.  1,  1918 

Jolin   A.    Johustou Au;.  5,  1917 

liawrence    D.     Ty.son .\ug.  5,  1917 

Alexander  51.   Tuthill Aug.  5,  1917 

Walter  A.   Harris Aug.  5,  1917 

,Tohn   A.   Hulen Aug.  5,  1917 

Robert   E.    Steiiicr Aug.  5.1917 

Albert   H.    Blaiuling Aug.  5,  1917 

Edward    VoUrath Aup.  5,  1917 

Charles  X.   Zimmermuii Aug.  5,  1917 

«oy   Hoffman Auu.  5,  1917 

Hubert  A.  Allen A\k.  5,  1917 


247.  Louis  C.   Covell A\!4 

248.  William    WUson Aug. 

249.  Randolph  A.    Richards Aug. 

250.  E.    LeRoy   Sweelser Aug. 

251.  Richard  Coulter  jr Aug.     5. 

252.  William  G.   Price ^ Aus.     5, 

253.  George  H.   Harries Aug.     5, 

254.  Charles  H.    Cole \\\S-     6, 

255.  W.   W.    Atterbur.v Aun.     5, 

256.  Richard  W.   Young .\i>ril  12, 

257.  George  A.  Wingate April  12, 

258.  John   H.    Sherburne .Tmie  28. 

259.  Cornelius  Vanderbilt June  26, 

260.  Brice   P.    Disaue Oct.     1, 

261.  Sanford   B.    Stanberiy Oct.     1. 

262.  Charles  I.   De  Bevoise Oct.     1, 


5, 


191'/ 
101/ 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1917 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 


STAFF   OFFICERS. 

Name,    Office,    and    Date    of    Coinniission. 


Peter    C.    Harris,    The    Ad.iutant    General 

Sept.     1,  1918 
John    1,.    Chamberlain,    The    lusijoctor   General 

'  Oct.     6,  1917 

Enoch    H.    Crovvder.    Jtidge    .Adrocate    General 

Oct.     6.  1017 
Hariy     L.     Rogers,     Quartermaster     General 

July  22,  1918 
Merritte    W.    Ireland.    Surgeon    General 

Oct,     4,  1918 


MAJOR     GENERALS. 

Robert  E.  Xoble.  >  Assistant  Surgeon  General 
Uillian\    M.    Black.    Chief    of    Engineers 

Oct.  C,  19i: 
Clarence    C.    Williams,    Chief    of    Ordnance    ■ 

July  Ifi,  1918 
George  O.  Squier,  Chief  Signal  Officer. Oct.  6,  1917 
Frank    Mclntyre,    Chief    of    the    Bureau   of    Insular 

Affairs    Oct.     6,  1917 

Frank    W.    Coe.    Chief   of    Coast    Artillery 

May  24,  1018 


-BRIGADIER     GENERALS. 
(Adjutant     General's    Department.) 
Jame.s  T.   Kerr Aug.     5,  1917  |  Ilcnry  G.    Learnard Feb.  18,  1018 

(Inspector  General's  Department.) 
William   T.    Wood Feb.  IS.  1918  |  Thomas  Q.    Donaldson Fib.   1^,  1918 

(Judge   AJVocate    Generiat's    Department.) 

.Samuel  T.   Ansell    Aug.     5,  1917  |  Edward  A.  Kreger   Fel).   18.   1P18 

(Qtiarterm aster  Corps.) 

Isaac    W.    Llttell -.Feb.  12,  1918  I  Albert  D.  Kuiskern Oct.  1,  1918 

Herbert  M.  Lord  June  26,  1918    tliarles  B.   Krautlioff ,.  •  .Oct.  1,  1918 

Johu  M.    Carson Oct.     1,  1918     John  F,  Madden Oct.  1.  1918 

Harry   E   Wllkins Oct.     1,1918' 


(Medical    Corps.) 

Charles  Blchard Aug.    5,  1917  I  .Tefferson  R.    ICean -T'lne  2S,  1918 

1,  1918 
1.  1918 


William  H,  Arthur   Aug.     5.  1917  I  .fames  D.    Glennon Oct. 

Francis  A.  Winter  May     1.  1918     John  M.   T.   Pinney   .Oct. 

Tlieodore  C.  Lyster ; .Tune    3.  1918  I  WUliam   S.    Thayer    Oct. 


Frederic  V.    Abbot Aug.    5.  1917 

E.   EveletU   Winslow Aug.     5,  1917 

Charle3   Keller    Feb.  2<i,  1918 

Herbert   Deakyne Oct.     1,  1918 


(Corps  «f  Engineers.) 

.Tames   P.    Jilclndoe    Oct,  1,1918 

Sherwood  A.  Cheney   Oct.  1,  1918 

Averv  D.    Andrews    Oct.  1,  1918 

Charles  G.   Dawes    Oct.  1,  191!) 


(Ordnance    Department.) 

Charles   B.    Wheeler Aug.     5,  1917  I  Colden  L'H.   Buggies Aug.  S,  1918 

WUliam  S.   Pelrcc Feb.  IS.  1918     Odus   C.    Horney    .iug.  8,  1918 

,Tohn   H.    Rice Feb.  IS.  1918     Charles   C.   Jamleson Oct.  1,  1918 

Tracy    C.    Dickson Feb.  IS,  1918  1  Samuel   McRoberts    vug.  8,  1918 

John  T.   Thompson    Aug.     S,  1918     Guy  E.   Tripp Au;,'.  8,1918 

George  W.  BiuT  Aug.     8,1918  1 

(Signal   Corps.) 

Charles  McK.  Saltzman JiUy  24,  1917  I  George  S.  Glbbs  Oct.     1,  1918 

Bv>njamin   D.    Foulois July  24.  1917  I 

(Air  Service.) 
William   Mitchell  '.: '^ Oc^    1,  1918 


American  Expeditionary  Forces. 


703 


^  TEXT   OF    KAISER'S   ABDICATION. 

The  former  German  Emperor's  act  of  renunciation  was  Issued  November  30, 1918,  by  the  new  German 
(lovemment  "In  order  to  reply  to  certain  misunderstandings  wMch  have  arisen  with  regard  to  the  abdica- 
tion."   It  reads  as  follows: 

"By  the  present  document  I  renounce  forever  my  rights  to  the  crown  of  Prussia  and  the  rights  to  the 
German  Imnerial  crown.  I  release  at  the  same  time  all  the  officials  of  the  German  Empire  and  Prussia  and 
iJso  all  ofQcers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  soldiers  of  the  Prussian  Navy  and  Army  and  of  contingenta 
from  confederated  States  from  the  oath  of  fidelity  they  have  taken  to  me,  as  their  Emperor,  King,  and 
supreme  chief. 

■  '  "I  expect  from  them  imtll  a  new  organization  of  the  German  Empire  exists  that  they  will  aid  thase  who 
effectivoiy  hold  the  power  In  Germany  to  protect  the  German  people  against  the  menacing  dangers  of  anarchy, 
fiunine,  and  foreign  domination. 

"Made  and  executed  and  signed  by  our  own  hand  with  the  Imperial  seal  at  Amerongen,  November  28. 
WnjiJAM." 


PERP/IANENT    COURT    OF   ARBITRATION    OF    THE    HAGUE. 

E.STABLISHED  BY  INTERNATIONAL  CONVENTION,  SIGNED  JULY  29,  1899. 

Thk  Administrative  Council  consists  of  the  Netherlands  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  and  the  diplo- 
matic representatives  there  of  the  ratifying  Powers.  Tlie  United  States  delegation  to  the  court  is  as  follows: 
Mr.  George  Gray,  formerly  United  States  Senator;  Mr.  Oscar  Straus,  formerly  Secretary  of  Commerce  and 
Labor,  Ambassador  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary  at  Constantinople;  Mr.  EUhu  Root,  formerly  Sec- 
retary of  Stat«,  Secretary  of  War,  and  United  States  Senator;  Mr.  John  Bassett  Moore,  Professor  of  Inter- 
national Law  at  Columbia  University,  formerly  Counsellor  of  the  Department  of  State. 

DECISIONS  RENDERED  BY  THE  COURT. 

October  14,  1902,  in  the  matter  of  the  case  of  the  Pious  Fund  of  the  CaUfornias  between  the  United 
States  and  Mexico;  February  22,  1904,  resoeoting  the  preferential  claims  of  the  creditor  nations  of  Vene- 
zuela under  the  protocols  of  May  7,  1903;  May  22,  190.5,  in  the  diflerence  between  France,  Germany  and 
Great  Britain  ou  the  one  hand,  and  Japan  on  the  other,  respecting  leases  held  in  perpetuity;  August  8,  1905, 
in  the  matter  of  the  dispute  between  Great  Britain  and  France,  respecting  the  right  of  certain  Muscat  dhows 
to  fiy  the  French  flag;  May  22,  1909,  in  the  matter  of  the  Casablanca  dispute  between  France  and  Germany; 
October  23,  1909,  respecting  the  maritime  boundary  between  Norway  and  Sweden;  September  7,  1910,  in 
the  North  Atlantic  Fisheries  case  between  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain;  October  25,  1910,  in  the 
Orinoco  steamship  case  between  the  United  States  and  Venezuela;  February  24,  1911,  in  the  "Savarkar" 
case  between  Great  Britain  and  France;  November  11,  1912,  in  the  "Interest"  case  between  Russia  and 
Turitey;  May  3,  1912,  in  the  "Cancvaro"  case  between  Italy  and  Peru;  May  3,  1913,  in  the  case  of  the  vessels 
"Tavignano,"  "Kamouna"  and  "Galois"  between  France  and  Italy,  the  Governments  reached  an  agree- 
ment and  withdrew  the  cases  from  thn  court;  May  6,  1913,  in  the  "Carthage"  case  between  France  and 
Italy;  May  6,  1913,  in  the  "Manouba"  i;isc  between  France  and  Italy;  June  25,  1914,  in  the  Island  of  Timor 
case  between  France  and  Itnly. 

Cases  pending — (1)  July  31,  1913,  compromise  signed  by  Spain,  France,  Great  Britain  and  Portugal 
submitting  the  case  of  the  property  of  religious  associations  in  Portugal  to  the  court;  (2),  February  2.  1914, 
compromise  signed  by  France  and  Peru  submitting  the  claims  between  the  two  countries  to  the  court. 
President  of  the  Administrative  Councils— i.  Louden,  Netherlands  Foreign  Minister.  Secretary  of  the  Admin/ 
islrailve  CoundJ,  and  Secretary  General  of  the  Permanem  Court  of  Arbitration — Michiels  van  Verduyncn, 


AMERICAN    EXPEDITIONARY    FORCES. 


Following  is  the  orgauization  of  tJie  Araaican 
mauders: 

Ist  Division  (Brig.  Gen.  Frank  Parker,  Command- 
ing)— Headquarters  Troop;  1st  Machine  Gun 
Battalion. 

Ist  Infantry  Brigade— 16th  Infantry;  18th  Infantry; 
2d  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

2d  Infantry  Brigade— 26th  Infantry;  28th  Infantry; 
3d  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

Ist  Artillery  Brigade— 5th  Field  Artillery;  0th  Field 
Aj'tillery;  7th  Field  Artillery;  1st  Trench  Mortar 
Battei-y;  1st  Regiment  Engineers;  2d  Field  Signal 
Battalion. 

2d  Division  (Major  Gen.  John  A.  Lejeune,  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  4th  Machine  Gun 
Battalion.    , 

3(1  Infantry  Brigade— 0th  Infantry;  23d  Infantry; 
Sth:  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

4th  Brigade,  Marine  Corps— 5th  Begiment  Marines; 
6thi  Regiment  Mariiies;  6th  Machine  G>m  Bat- 
talion. 

2d  Artillery  Brigade— 12th  Field  Artillery;  13th 
-Field  Artillery;  17th  Field  Artilleiy;  2d  Trench 
Mortar  Battery;  2d  Kegiment  Engineers;  1st  Field 
^Sigiial,  Battalion. 

'ii  ptvisjon  (Brig.  Gen.  Preston  Brown,  Ccmmand- 
liftSl-^Headquarters  Troop;  7th  Machine  Guu  Bat- 
talion. 

5th  Infantry  Brigade— 4th  Infantry,  complete;  7th 
Infantry,   complete;   8th   Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

6th  Infantry  Brigade— 30th  Infantry,  comi^eto;  38th 
Infantry,    complete;   9th   Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

3d  Artillery  Brigade— 10th  Field  Artillery;  18th 
Field  Artillery;  76th  Field  Artillery;  3d  Trench 
Mortar  Battery;  6th  Regiment  Eugineeis;  5th 
Field   Signal  Battalion, 


Expeditionary  Forces  by  divisions,   with  their  com- 

4th  Division — (Major  Gen.  Mark  L.  Hersey,  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  10th  Machine  Gun 
Battalion. 

7tli  Infantry  Brigade— 39th  Infantry;  47th  Infantry; 
11th  Machine  Gim  Battalion. 

8th  Infantry  Brigade — 58th  Infantry;  59th  Infantry; 
12tli   Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

4th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 13th  Field  Artillery; 
IGth  Field  Artillery;  77th  Field  Artillery;  4th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  4th  Engineers;  8th  Field 
Signal  Battalion, 

5th  Division  (IVIajor  Gen.  Hanson  E,  Ely,  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  13th  Machine  Gun 
Battalion. 

9fh  Infantry  Brigade— 60th  Infantry;  61st  Infantry; 
IJth    Machine    Gun    Battalion. 

lOth  Infantry  Brigade— 6th  Infantry;  11th  Infantry; 
15th  Machine  (Jun  Battalion. 

5th  Artillery  Brigade— 19th  Field  Artillery;  20th 
Field  Artillery;  21st  Field  Artillery;  5th  Trench 
Mortar  Battery;  7th  Engmeers;  9th  Field  Signal 
Battalion. 

Gth  Division  (Major  Gen.  Walter  H.  Gordon,  Com- 
manding)- Headquarters  Troop;  16th  Machine  Gun 
Battalion. 

Ilth  Infantry  Brigade— 51st  Infantry;  32d  Infantry; 
17th  Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

I2tli  Infantry  Brigade— 53d  Infantry;  54th  Infantry; 
18th   Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

6th  Artillery  Brigade— 3d  Field  Artillery;  11th  Field 
Artillery;  78th  Field  Artillery;  6th  Trench  Mortar 
Battery;  318th  Enghieers;  6th  Field  Signal  Bat- 
talion. 

7th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Edmund  WIttenmyer,  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Ti-oop;  19th  Machine 
(xun   Battalion, 


W14 


Aimncan  Mxpeditionary  Forces— Continued. 


13th  Infantry  Brigade— 55th  Infantry;  56th  Infantry; 

20th  Machine  Giui  Battalion. 
I4ih  Infantry  Brigade— 34th  Infantry;  64th  Infantry; 

21st  Machine  Gim  Battalion. 
Ztl)   Artillery   Brigade— 7th  Trench  Mortar  Battery: 

8th    Field    Artillery;    70th    Field    Artillery;    80th 

rield  Artillery;  5tli    i^nginecrs;   10th  Field  Signal 

Battalion. 

fitli    Division    (Major    Gen.    Eli    A.    Helmick,    Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  22d  Machine  Gun 
Battalion. 
lath   Infantry  Brigade— 8th  Infantry;  12tli  Infautiy; 

S3d  Machine  Gmi   Rattalioii. 
I6tfi   Infantry  Brigade— 13th  Iiilaiitry;  02d  Infuuiry; 

i4th   Machine   Giui   Battalion. 
Stii  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 2d  Field  Artillery;  Slst 
Field   Artillery;    Sod    Field    Artilleiy;   8tli    Trench 
.Mortar     Battery:     :U9th    13n;;iiieers;     "2nt!i     Field 
Signal  Battalion. 
2Sth  Oivision   (Briy.   Gen,   Frank  E.   Bamford,   Com- 
manding)— Ileadtiuarlers     Trooi);     iQist     .Machine 
Guu   Battalion. 
5(st    infantry    Brigade — 101st    Infantry;    102d    In- 
fantry; 102d  Machine   Gun  Battalion. 
52d     Infantry    Brigade— 103d    Infantry;    104tli    In- 
fantry; 103d  JIaciiino  Gun  Battalion. 
51st   Artillery    Brigade— 101st   Field  Artillery;    inid 
Field     Artillery;      103d     Field      Artillery;      ItUst 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    lOLst    Knsinccrs;    lULst 
Field   Signal   Battalion. 
27th   Division   (Maior  Gen.   John    F.  O'Ryan,   Com- 
manding)—Headquartera    Troop;    104th    Machine 
Gun  Battalion. 
53d     Infantry    Brigade— 105th    Inf.intry;    lOGth    In- 
fantry; 105th  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 
54th    Infantry    Brigade— 107th    Infantry;    lOSth    In- 
fantry;   loetli  Machine   Gun   Battalion. 
52d   Artillery   Brigade— l04th  Field  Artillery;    iCJth 
Field  Artillery;  lOCth  Field  Artillery;  102d  Trench 
Mortar     Battery;     I02d     Kncincers;     102tX     Field 
Signal   Battalion. 
2dth   Oivision   (Major  (len.  William    H.   Hay,   Com- 
mandlng)- HeadQuarters     Trnop;     107tli    JIacl)ine 
Gun  BatfalFon. 
55th    Infantry    Brigade- lOUtli    Infantry;    110th    In- 
fantry;  108th   Alachine   Gun   Battalion. 
56th    Infantry    Brigade— lllth    Infantry;    112tli    In- 
fantry; 109th  Machine  Guu  Battalion. 
53d   Artillery   Brigade— 107th   Field  Artillery;   108th 
Field     ArtUlery;    lOflth     Field     Artillery;     103d 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;     I03d    Engineers;    103d 
Field  Signal  Battalion. 
29tli  Division   (Major  Gen.  Charles  G.  Morion,  Com- 
manding)—Hcadoiiarters     Troop;     llOtli    Machine 
Gtui  Battalion. 
Srth    Infantry    Brigade- 113th    Infantry;    114th    In- 
fantry;  llltU  IMac.liiue  Gnu  Battalion, 
S8th    Infantry    Briijade— 115th    Infantry;    llfith    In- 
fantry;   112th   Machine    Gun    Battalion. 
54th    Field  Artillery   Brigade— llOth  Field  Artillery; 
llltli  Field  Artilleiy;  112tli  I'^ield  Artillery;  104th 
Trench   Mortar    Battery;    104th    Engineers    Train; 
104th    Field    Signal    Battalion. 
30th  Oivision  (Major  Gen.  Edward  M,  Lewis,  Com- 
manding)— HeadQuarters    Troop;     113th    Macliine 
Gnu  Battalion. 
59tli    Infantry    Brigade— 117th    Infantry;    llStli    In- 

fantrv;  114th  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 
60th    Infantry    Brigade— llOtJi    Infantry;    120th    In- 
fantry; 115th  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 
Sotit  Artillery  Brigade— H3th  Field  Artillery;  114th 
Field     Artillery;     115th     Field     Artillery;     lOoth 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    105th    Engineers;    105tli 
Field    Signal    Battalion. 
31st   Division    (Major  Gen.   Le   Roy  S.   Lyon,  Com- 
manding)— Headanarters    Troop;    116th    Machine 
Giui  Battalion. 
6ist    Infantry    Brigade— 121st    Infantry;    122cl    In- 
fantry; 117th  Machine  Giui  Battalion. 
S2d    Infantry    Brigade— 123d    Infantry;    124th    In- 
fantry; 118th   Machine  Guu  Battalion. 
5Bth   Field  Artillery  Brigade— llGth  Field  Artillery; 
V17th  Field  Artillery;  118th  Field  Artillery;  lOfith 
Trench  Mortar   Battery;    lOCth   Engineers;   106th 
Field  Signal   Battalion. 


32d   Division   (Major  Gen.  William  G.  Haan,  Coni' 

manding)— Headquarters    Troop;    110th    Machine 
Gun   Battalion. 

63d  Infantry  Brigade— 125th  Infantry;  126th  In- 
fantry;  120th  Machine  Qun   Battalion, 

64th  Infantry  Brigade— 127tli  Infantry;  12Gth  In- 
fantry;  121st  Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

57th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 119th  Field  Artillery; 
120th  Field  Artillen;  121st  Field  Artillery;  107th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  107th  Regiment  Engineers; 
lOTtii   Field   Si.?nal   Battalion. 

33d  Division  (Major  Gen.  George  Bell  jr..  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  122d  Macltine 
Gun   Battalion. 

65th  Infantry  Brigade— 129th  Infantry;  130th  In- 
fantry;   I2:Jd   Machine   Gun    Battalion. 

eijtli  Infantry  Brigade— 131st  Infantry;  lS2d  In- 
fant r.\;    U'4lli   .Machine  Giui   Batt.!lio;i. 

S8th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 122d  Field  Artilleryr 
123d  Field  Artillery;  124tli  Field  .\rtillery;  lOStU 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  108th  En„'ineers;  108th 
Field    Signal    Battalion. 

34tfi  Division  (Brig.  Gen.  John  A.  Johnston,  Com- 
manding)—Keadquarters  Troop;  125th  ftlachme 
(inn  Battalion. 

67fh  Infantry  Brigade— 133d  InfanUy;  134th  In- 
fantry;   rjiiili    Macliine  Gun   Battalion. 

fiSfii  Infantry  Brigade— 135th  Infantry;  lS6th  In- 
fantry;   127th   Jlarhine   (iun   Battalion. 

59th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 125th  Field  Artillery; 
12tith  Field  Artillery;  127th  Field  Artillery;  109th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  109th  Engineers;  109th 
Field    Signal   Battalion. 

3Sth  Division  (Major  Gen.  Peter  E.  Traub,  Com- 
manding)— Headqviarters  Troop;  128th  Machine 
Gun   Battalion. 

69th  Infantry  Brigade— 1.57th  Infantry;  138th  In- 
fantry;  12t»th   JIachine   Gun   Battalion. 

7eth  Infantry  Brigade— i;!!)th  Infantry;  140th  In- 
fantry;  130tli   Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

60tli  Artillery  Brigade— 128th  Field  ArtUlery;  129th 
Field  Artillery;  130th  Field  Artillery;  110th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  110th  Itegiraent  Engineers; 
linth    Field    Signal    Battalion. 

36th  Division  (Major  Gen.  William  R.  Smith,  Com- 
manding)— Headqtiarters  Troop;  131st  Machine 
Gun  Battalion. 

7l8t  Infantry  Brigade- 141st  Infantry;  142d  In- 
fantry;   l.';2d    Machine    Gtm   Battalion. 

72d  Infantry  Brigade— 143rd  Infantry;  144th  In- 
fantry; lo3d  :^racliine  Gun  Battalion. 

61st  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 131st  Field  ArtUlery; 
132d  Field  Artilkr.\  ;  i:^.3d  Field  Artillery;  lllth 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  lllth  Engineers;  lllth' 
Field   Si.?nal    Battalion. 

37th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Charles  S.  Farnsworth, 
Commanding) — Headquarters  Troop;  134th  Ma- 
chine  Gun   Battalion. 

73d  Infantry  Brigade— 14.5th  Infantry;  146th  In-. 
fantry;    133th   Jlachine   Gun   Battalion. 

74th  Infantry  Brigatie— I47tli  Infantry;  148th  In- 
fantry;  I30th  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

62d  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 134th  Field  Artillery; 
13,"th  Field  Artillery;  ISGtIi  Field  ArtUlery;  112th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  112th  Engineers;  112th 
Field  PIsiial  Battalion. - 
38th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Robert  L.  Howze,  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  137th  Machine 
Giui  Battalion. 
75th    Infantry    Brioarie- 149th   Infantry;    150th    lu- 

f;intry:    ]3Sth    Macliine    Guu    Battalion. 
76111     Infantry    Brigade— 151st    Infantry;    152d    In- 

fantrv;   139tli   Machine   Grm   Battalion. 
63d    Field    Artillery   Brigade— 137th   Field  Artillery; 
13Sth  Field  Artillery;  139th  Field  Artillery;  113th 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    113th    Engineers;    llStU' 
Field    Signal    Battalion. 
39th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Henry  C.  Hoges  ir„  Com- 
manUing)— Headquarters    Troop:     140th    Machine 
Gun  Battalion. 
77th    Infantry    Brigade— 153d    Infantry;    154i;B|    In- 
fantry;  141st  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 
78th    Infantry    Brigade— 158th   Infaiitr>-;   156tlJ   la- 
lantry;    142d   .\tachine   Gnu   Bat-alion:  • 


American  Expeditionary  Forces — Continued. 


705 


64th  Artillery  Brigade— 140tU  Field  AitUlery;  14l3t 
Field  Artillery;  142d  Field  Ai'tillery;  114tU  Trench 
Mortar    Battery;    114th    Engineers;    114th    Field 
Signal   Battalion. 
40tli  Division  (Majov  Gen.  Frederick  S.  Strona,  Com- 
manding)— Hcaclciuartcrs    Troop;     14yd     Machine 
Uun  Battalioji. 
79tli    Infantry    Brijade— 157th    Infantry;    138th    In- 
fantry;   144th    Machine    Guu   Battalion. 
80th    Infantry    Brigade— 139th    Infantry;    ICOth    In- 
fantry; 145th  Machhie  Gun  Battalion. 
65th   Artillery    Brigade— 143d   Field   Artillery;    144th 
Field     Artilkiy;     145th     Field     Artillery;     115th 
Tifucli    Mortar    Battery;    115th    tnsineers;    115th 
Field    Signal    Battalion. 
41st    Division    (Brig.    Gen.    Richard    Coulter,    Com- 
manding)—Hcudau.irters    Troop;    14(ith    Machine 
Guu  Battalion. 
81st     Infantry    Brigade— lUlst    Infantry;     lG2d    In- 

fautrv;   147th   Machijie   Gun   Battalion. 
82d     Infantry^  Brigade— lU3d    Infantry;    164th    in- 
fantry; 14Sth  Machine  (.iun  Battalion. 
66lh   Field   Artillery  Briqade— 146lh  Field  Artillery; 
147th  Field  ArtUlery;  148tU  Field  Artillery;  llGth 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    llGth    Engineers;    llGth 
Field   Signal   Battalion. 
42d  Division  (Major  Gen.  Charles  D.  Rhodes,  Com- 
manding)—Heiadquarters    Troop;     149th    Machine 
Gun  Battalion.         '  ,„  , 

83d  Infantry  Brigade— 165th  Infantry;  166th  In- 
fantry; 150tli  JIachine  Guu  Battalion. 
84th  Infantry  Brigade— 167th  infantry;  KiStli  In- 
fantry; 151st  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 
67th  Artillery  Brigade— 14»th  Field  Artillery;  150th 
Field  Artillery;  151st  Field  ArtUlery;  117th  Trench 
Mortar  Battery;  117tU  Knsineer,s;  117th  Field 
Signal    Battalion.  „     .,   j 

76th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Harry  F.  Hodges,  Com- 
manding)—Hcado.uavtcrs  Troop;  oOlst  Maclune 
Gun   Battalion.  „„„ ,    , 

ISiet    Infantry    Brigade— oOlat    Infantry;    D02d    In- 
fantry; 302d  Machine  Gim  Battalion. 
I52d    Infantry    Brigade— 303d    Infantiy;    304th    In- 
fantry;   303d    Machine   Gun    Battalion. 
)5lst   Field  Artillery  Brigade— 301st  Field  Artillery; 
302d  li'ield  Artillery;  S03d  Field  Artillery;  301st 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    301st    Engineers:     301st 
Field    Signal    Battalion. 
77th   Division   (Major  Gen.   Robert  Alexander,  Com- 
manding)—Headquancrs     'I'roop;     304111     Machine 
Gun   Battalion. 
153d    Infantry    Brigade— 305th    Infantry;    oOCth    In- 
fantry;   305th'  Machine   Gun   Battalion. 
154th    infantry    Brigade— 307th   Infantry;    30Sth   In- 
fantry; 306th   Machine  Gmi  Battalion. 
I52d   Field  Artillery  Brigade— 304tU  Field  Artillery; 
305th  Field  Artillery;  30Gth  Field  Artillery;  302d 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;     302d    Engineers;    302d 
Field   Signal  Battalion. 
78th    Division    (Major  Gen.   James   H.   McRae,   Com- 
manding)—Htadauarterj     Troop;     307th     Machine 
Gun  Battalion,  „.„  ,     ^ 

155th    Infantry    Brigade— 300th  Infantry;    310lh   Ju- 

fantrv;   308lh  :Machine   Gun  Battalion. 
156th    infantry    Brigade— 311th    Infantry;   312lh   In- 
fantry;   309th    Machine    Gun    Battalion. 
153d    Field   Artillery  Brigade— 307th  Field  Artillery; 
308tU  Field   Artillery;  309th  Field  ArtilleiT;  303d 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    303d    En.nineers;    303d 
Field  Signal  Battalion. 
79th    Division    (Major   Gen.    Joseph    E.    Kiihn,   Com- 
mandlng)- HeadQuartors    Troop;     310th     Maclime 
Gun  Battalion. 
157th    Infantry    Brigade— 3131h   Infantry;    314th   In- 
fantry;   311th    Machine   Gun    Battalion. 
158th    infantry    Brigade— 315th   Infantry;    SlGtU   In- 

fautrv;  312th    Machine  Gun  Battalion. 
154th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 310th  Field  Artillery; 
311th  Field  Artillery;  312th  Field  Artillery;  304th 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    304th    Engineers;    304th 
Field    Signal   Battalion.  ...,.„ 

80th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Adelbert  Cronkhite,  Com- 
manding)— Heartduarters  Troop;  313th  Machine 
Gun    Battalion.  ,  „  „,«.,    ^ 

159th  Infantry  Brigade— 317th  Infantry;  318th  In- 
fantry; 314th  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 


I60th  Infantry  Brigade— 319th  Infantry;  320th  In- 
fantry;  315th   Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

155th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 313tb  Field  Artillery; 
314th  Field  Artillery;  315th  Field  Artillery;  305th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  305th  Engineers;  305tli 
Field  Signal  Battalion. 
81st  Division  (Major  Gen.  Charles  J.  Bailey,  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  316th  Machine 
Giui  Battalion. 

I6lst  Infantry  Brigade— 321st  Infantry;  322d  In- 
fantry;  317th   Machine   Guu  Battalion. 

I62d  Infantry  Brigade— 323d  Infantry;  324tll  In- 
fantry;  318th   Machine   Guu   Battalion. 

156th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 316th  Field  Artillery: 
317th  Field  Artillery;  31Sth  Field  Artillery;  306tli 
Trench    Mortar    Battery;    306th    Engineers;    SOCth . 
Field  Signal  Battalion. 

82d  Division  (Major  Gen.  George  B.  Duncan.  Com- 
manding)— Headfiuarters  Troop;  319th  Machuie 
Gun  Battalion. 

163d  Infantry  Brigade— 323th  Infantry;  326tb  In- 
fantry;  3-'()tli    Machine    Gun   Battalion. 

164th  Infantry  Brigade— 327th  Infantry;  328th  In- 
fantry;   321st  Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

157th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 319th  Field  Artillerj-; 
320lh  Field  Artillery;  321st  Field  ArtUlery;  307th 
Ticiioh  Mortar  Battery;  307th  Engineers;  307th 
Field    Signal    Battalion. 

83d  Division  (Major  Gen.  Edwin  F.  Glenn,  Com- 
manding— Headtiuarters  Troop;  322d  Machine  Gun 
Battalion. 

165th  Infantry  Brigade— 329th  Infantry;  SSOth  In- 
fantry; 323d  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

166th  Infantry  Brigade— 331st  Infantry;  532d  In- 
fantry; 324th  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

158th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 322d  Field  ArtUlery; 
323d  Field  Artillery;  324th  Field  ArtUlery;  30Sth 
Tiench  Mortar  Battery;  308th  Engineers;  308th 
Field   Signal  Battalion. 

8Uh  Division  (Major  Gen.  Harry  C.  Hale,  Com- 
manding)— Headatiarters  Troop;  325th  Machine 
Gun  Battalion. 

l^67th  Infantry  Brigade— 333d  Infantry;  334th  In- 
fantry;   326th    Machine    Gun    Battalion. 

168th  Infantry  Brigade— 335th  Infantry;  33Gth  In- 
fantry; 327th   Machine   Gna  Battalion. 

159th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 325th  Field  Ai'tillery; 
326th  Field  Artillery;  327th  Field  ArtUlery;  309th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  309th  Engineers;  309th 
Field  Signal   Battalion. 

85th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Chase  W.  Kennedy,  Com- 
manding)—Headauarters  Troop;  328th  Machine 
Guu  Battalion. 

169th  Infantry  Brigade— 337th  Infantry;  338th  In- 
fantry; 329th   Machhie   Gun   Battalion. 

170th  Infantry  Brigade — 339th  Infantry;  340th  Iii- 
fantrv;   330th   Machine  Gim   Battalion. 

160th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 328th  Field  Artillery; 
329th  Field  Artillery;  330th  Field  ArtUlery;  310th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  310th  Engineers;  310th 
Field    Signal    Battalion. 

86th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Charles  H,  Martin,  Com- 
manding)— Headciu.irters     Xroop;     331st     Machhie 

'■    Gun  Battalion. 

'I7ist    Infantry    Brigade — 341st    Infantry;    342d    In- 

I    fantry;  332d  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 

I72d    Infantry    Brigade— 343d    Infantry;    S44th    lu- 

i    fantrv;  333d  Machine  Gun   Battalion. 

'161st  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 331st  Field  ArtiUery; 

'    332d  Field  Artillery;   333d  Field   Artillery;   311th 

:    Trench    Mortar    Battery;    311th    Engineers;    311th 

■    Field    Signal    Battalion. 

87th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Samuel  D.  Sturgls,  Com- 

:     manding)— Headquarters     Troop;     334th    Machine 

1    Gun   Battalion.  ,     ^         -.-.,_    ^ 

173d    Infantry    Brigade— 345tli    Infantry;    346th    In- 

I    fantry;  335th   Machine  Gun   Battalion. 
174th    Infantry   Brigade— 347th   Infantry;   348th  In- 
fantry;  336th  Machine  Gun  Battalion. 
I62d  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 334th  Field  Artiller.v; 

'  335th  Field  Artillery;  33Gth  Field  Artillery;  312th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  312th  Engineers;  S12th 
Field  Signal  Battalion.  . 

88th  Division  (Major  Gen.  William  Weigel,  Com- 
manding)—Headquarters  Troop;  337th  Machine 
Gun  Battalion. 


706 


Where  our  Soldiers  Were  in  France. 


AMERICAN  EXPEDITIONAUY  FORCES — Contthued: 


175th  Infantry  Brigade— 349tli  Infantry;  ooOtli  In- 
fantry;   338th    Machine    G\m    Battalion. 

176th  Infantry  Brigade— 351st  Infantry;  352d  In- 
fantry; 339th  Machine  Gxva.  Battalion. 

163d  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 337th  Field  Artillery; 
338th  Field  Artillery;  339th  Field  Artillery;  313th 

■  Trench  Mortar  Battery:  313th  Engineers;  313th 
Field    Signal    Battalion.  . 

89th  Division  (Major  Gen.  Frank  L.  Winn,  Com- 
manding)—Headquartci-s  Troop;  340th  Machine 
Gun   Battalion. 

177th  Infantry  Brigade— 353d  Infantry;  354Ui  In- 
fantrj';   341st   Machine   Giui   Battalion. 

178th  Infantry  Brigade— 355th  Infantry;  356th  In- 
fantry;   342d   Machine    Gun   Battalion. 

164th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 340th  Field  Artillery; 
34 1  St  Field  Artillery;  342d  Field  Artillery;  314th 
Tr-nch  Mortar  Battery;  3l4th  Engineers;  314th 
Field  Signal   Battalion. 

90tli  Division  (Major  Gen.  Henry  T.  Allen,  Com- 
manding)—Headquarters  Troop;  343d  Machine 
tJun   Battalion. 

i;9th  Infantry  Brigade— 357th  Infantry;  35StU  lu- 
lantry;    344tli    Machine    Gun   Battalion. 

180th  Infantry  Brigade— 359th  Infanti-y;  SGOtli  In- 
fantrv;   345th  Machine   Gun   Battalion. 

165th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 343d  Field  Artillery; 
;«4th  Field  Artillery;  345th  Field  Artillery;  315th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  315th  Engineers;  315th 
Field   Signal   Battalion. 


9ist  Division  (Major  Gen.  William  H.  Johnston, 
Commanding) — Headquarters  Troop;  346th  Ma- 
chine   Gun    Battalion. 

181st  Infantry  Brigade— oClst  Infantry:  362d  In- 
fantry;  347th  Machine   Gun  Battalion. 

I82d  Infantry  Brigade— 3C3d  Infantry;  3C4tli  In- 
fantry;  348th   Machine   Giui  Battalion. 

I66tli  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 34Glh  BMeld  Artillery; 
347th  Field  Artillery;  348th  Field  Artillery;  31Uth 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  olCtli  Engineers;  31Gth 
Field   Signal   Battalion. 

92d  Division  (Major  Gen.  Charles  C.  Ballon,  Com- 
manding)— Headquarters  Troop;  349th  Machine 
Gun  Battalion. 

183d  Infantry  Brigade— 3G5th  Infantry;  SO'Uh  In- 
fantry;  350tU   Machine   Gun  Battalion. 

184th  Infantry  Brigade— 367th  Infantry;  3C8th  In- 
fantry; 351st  Machine  G\m  Battalion. 

167th  Field  Artillery  Brigade— 340th  Field  Artillery; 
350th  Field  Artillery;  351st  Field  Artillery;  3l7th 
Trench  Mortar  Battery;  317th  Engineers;  32.5th 
Field   Signal   Battalion    (colored). 

93rd    Division — Headquarters.  Troon. 

185th  Infantry  Brigade— 3C9th  Infantry;  370th  In- 
fantry. 

186th  Infantry  Brigade— 371st  Infantry;  372d  In- 
fantry. 


WHERE   OUR    SOLDIERS   WERE    IN    FRANCE 

Location  of  the  tliirty-five  combat  divisions  and 
six  depot  divisions  of  the  American  Army  in  France 
on  Nov.  7,  four  days  hefore  the  signing  of  the 
r.rmisticc,  was  announced  ijy  the  War  Department 
Nov.    27,    as   follows: 


COIilBAT  DIVISIONS. 

1st    (Regulars)- Nouart  and  St.   Dizier;  Biig.   Gen. 

Franlt  Parker. 
2d    (Regulars)- Fosse   and    St.    Dizier;   Major   Gen. 

John   A.    Lejeime. 
3d   (R'.'gulars)— Tannois  and  St.   Dizier;  Brif-   Gen. 

Proston    Brown. 
4th    (Regulars)— Lucey   aud   St.   Dizier;  Major  Gen. 

Mark  L.   Hersey. 
6th    (RegiUars)— Cuuel  and  St.    Dizier;  Major   Gen. 

Hanson   E.    Ely. 
0th   (Regulars)— Stonne  and  St.   Dizier;  Major  Gen. 

Walter  H.    Gordon. 
7th  (Ueg\ilars)— Eiivezin  and  .St.  Dizier;  .Major  Gen. 

Edmund  Wittenni>  er. 
2Cth    (New   Englanii)— Bras,'  Troyou-sur-Meuse,    St. 

Dizier;  Brig.  Gen.   V.   E.   Eamfnrd. 
27th    (New  York) — Corhie,    Beauquesnc.    St.    Dizier; 

Major  Gen.  John  F.  O'Ryan. 
2Sth     (Pennsylvania)— Heudicourt    aud    St.    Dizier; 

Major  Gen.   William  H.   Hay. 
29th    (New    Jersey,    Delaware,    Virginia,    MaiTfand, 

District    of    Colmnbia)— Robert    Espagne    and    St, 

Dizier;  Major  Gen.   C.C.- Morton. 
30th    (Tennessee,    North    Carolina,    .South    Oarolnia, 

District  of  Columbia) — Querrieu:  Major  Gen.    Ed- 
ward H.   I^ewis. 
31st     (Georgia,     Alabama,     Florida)— Brest;    Major 

Gen.  Leroy  S.  Lyon. 
.32d     (Michigan,     Wisconsin) — Aincreville     aud     St. 

Dizier;  Major  Gen.  William  C.  Haan. 
3.3d    (Illinois)- Troyon  and   St.   Dizier;  Major  Geu. 

George   Bell    jr. 
34th   (Nebraska,   Iowa,   South  Dakota,  Minnesota)  — 

Castres;   Brig.    Gen.    John   A.    Johnston. 
3,"th      (Missouri,      Kansas) — Sommedieue     aud     St. 

Dizier;  Major  Gen.   Peter  E.    Traub. 
Sfith    (Texas,    Oklahoma)— Coudc-cn-Barrois,    Major 

Gen.    W.    R.    Smith. 
S7th    (Ohio)— Thielt,    Dunkirk;  Major  Gen.    Charles 

S.  Farnsworth. 
38th  (Indiana,  Kentucky,  West  Virginia)— Le  Mans, 

Major   Gen.    Robert    L.    Howze. 
42d   (Rainbow)— Maisoncelle  and  St.  Dizier;  Major 

0"n,  Charles  D.  Rhodes. 


I  77th    (New  York   City)— La   Bassee,   Vareunes,    St. 

Dizier,    Major    Gen.    Robert    AJexander. 
7Sfh    (Western  Ne^v  Yorlc,   New  Jersey,  Delaware) — 

Le    Champy    Haut    and'   St.    Dizier,    Major    Gen. 

James   H.    JMcRae. 
79th   (Northeast  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  District  of 

Columbia) — Vachcrauville    and    St.    Dizier;    Major 

Gen.    Joseph    E.    Kului. 
80th    (Virginia,    West    Virginia,    We.stern    Pennsyl- 
vania)— Sommouthe    and    St.    Dizier;    Major    Gen. 

Adelbert   Cronkhite. 
Slst     (North     Carolina.     South     Carolina,     Florida, 

Porto     Rico) — Sommedieue,     3s-s«r-Til!e;     Major 

Gen.    Charles    J.    Bailey. 
82d   (Georgia,   Alabama,  Tennessee)- FJorent ;  .Ma^or 

Gen.    George   P.    Duncan. 
84th    (Kentticlty.    Indiana.    Soutli(  rn    Illniois)— Neu- 

vic;   Major  (jen.    Harry   C.   HaK-. 
Sfitli  (Chicago  and  Northern  lllinoi.s)— St.  Andre  de 

Cubzac;   Major  Gen.    Charles  H.   Martin. 
87th     (Arkansas.     Louisiana,    Mississippi,     Southern 

Alabama)  —Pons,  Major  Gen.   S.   D.   Sturgis. 
88th      (North     Dakota,      Minnesota,      Iowa,      West 

Illinois)— Montrenx    Chatetiu,    Is-siu'-TUle ;    Major 

Gen.   William  Weigel. 
89th    (Kansas,    Missouri,    South    Dakota,    Nebraska, 

Colorado,   New  Mexico,    Arizona) — Tailly   and   St. 

Dizier:  Brig.  Gen.  Frank  L.   Winn. 
90th     (Texas     and     Okl.-ihomaJ^Villers-devant-Duu 

and   St.    Dizier;   Major  Gen.   Henry  T.    Allen. 
91st      (Alaska,      Washington,      Oregon,      California, 

Idaho,     Nevada,     Montana,     Wyoming,     Utah) — 

Oostroosebeke  and   Dunkirk;   Major  Gen.    William 

H.  .Tolmston. 
92d    (Negroes,    National  Array)— Marbache   and  St. 

Dizier;    Major    Gen.    Charles    C.    Ballou. 
DEPOT  DIVISIONS. 
41st    (Washington,    Oregon,    Montana,    Idaho,    Wyo- 
ming)—St,    Aignan    and   Noyers;    Brig.    Gen.    Ell 

Co)e.  .  ,     ^     ,, 

83d    (Ohio   and  West  Pennsylvania) — Le  Mans  and 

Castres;  Major  Gen.    E.    F.   Glemi. 
7(!th    (New   England    and    New   York)— St.    Amand, 

Jlontron;    M.ijor    Gen.    Harry    F.    Hodges. 
85th     (Michigan     and     East     Wisconsin)— Pomlly; 

Major  Gen.    Chase   W.    Kennedy. 
39th     (Arkansas.     Mississippi     and    Louisiana) — St. 

Florent;    Major    Gen.    Henry   C.    Hodges    jr. 
40th    (CJolorado,    Utah,    Arizona.    New   Mexico    and 

California)— Revigny   and  St.    Dizier;  Major  Gen. 
P.    S.    Strong. 


War  Risk  Insurance. 


707 


DIVISIONS,  BRIGADES,  AND  REGIMENTS 

IN  AMERICAN  ARMY  CORPS 

IN  EUROPE, 

NOVEMBER   7, 

L918. 

Army 

Div- 

Inf'try 

Infantry 

Artil. 

Artillery 

Army 

Div- 

Inftry 

Infantry 

Artil. 

Artillery 

Corps 

sion. 

Brig. 

Regiments. 

Brig. 

Regiments. 

Corps 

sion. 

Brig. 

Regiments. 

Brig. 

Regiments. 

6 

11,  12 

51,  52,  53,  54... 

6 

3,  78,  11 

3 

.32 

63,  64 

125,  126,  127,  128 

57 

119.  120,  121 

3f> 

71,  72 

141,  142,  143,  144 

61 

131,  132,  133 

3, 

35 

69,  70 

137,  138,  139,  140 

60 

128,  129,  130 

42 

83.  84 

165,  166,  167,  168 

67 

149,  150,  151 

3 

91) 

179,  180 

357.  358,  359,  360 

165 

343,  344,  345 

77 

153,  1>4 

305,  306,  307,  308 

152 

304,  305,  306 

4 

7 

13,  14 

55,  66,  34,  64 .  .  . 

7 

79,  80,  8 

78 

155,  156 

309,  310,  311,  312 

153 

307,  308.  309 

4 

2« 

55,  56 

109,  no.  111,  112 

D3 

107,  108,  109 

80 

159,  160 

317,  318,  319,  320 

155 

313,  314,  315 

0 

1 

1,  2.  .. 

16,  18,  26,  28 .  .  . 

1 

5,  6,  7 

R7 

53,  54 

105,  106,  107,  108 

52 

104,  105,  106 

5 

2 

0 

9.  23 

2 

15,  17,  12 

2 

an 

59,  60 

117,  118,  119,  120 

55 

113,  114,  115 

5 

29 

57.  58  . 

113,  114,  115,  116 

54 

110,  111,  112 

3 

3 

5,  6 .  .  . 

4.  7.  30.  38 

3 

10.  76.  18 

5 

89 

177.  178 

353,  354.  355.  356 

164 

340,  341.  342 

3 

5 

9,  10...  60,  61,  6,  11 

5  19,  20,  21        1 

6 

92     183.  1841365.  366,  367,  3681       1671340,  350,  351 

UNITED     STATES     ARMY     CAMPS. 

CAMI'3. 

Location. 

Camps. 

Location. 

Camp.'s. 

Location. 

Bowie 

Fort  Worth,  Tex, 

Grant 

Rockford,  111. 

Merritt 

Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Beauregard . 

Alexandria,  La. 

Hancock . . . 

Augusta,  Ga. 

Pike 

Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Custer 

Battle   Creek,   Mich. 

Jackson .... 

Columbia,  S.  C. 

Sevier 

Greenville,  S.  C. 

Cody 

Demiug,  N.  Mex. 

Johnston 

Sheridan. . . 

Montgomery,  Ala. 

Deveiis 

Ayer,  Mass. 

(Quarterm's 

Shelby 

Hattiesburg,   Miss. 

Dix 

Wrlghtstown,  N.  J. 

Tr.  Corps.) . 

Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Sherman 

Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

Dodge 

Des  Moines,  la. 

Las  Casas . . 

Porto  Rico. 

Stuart 

Newport  News,  Va. 

Eustis 

Fort  Monroe,  Va. 

Logan 

Houston,  Tex. 

Syracuse.  . . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Fremont. . . . 

Palo  Alto,   Cal, 

Lee 

Petersburg,  Va. 

Taylor 

Louisville,  Ky. 

Forrest 

Chickamauga  Pk.,  Ga 

Lewis 

American  Lake,  Wash 

Travis 

San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Fmiston .... 

Fort  Riley,   Kan. 

MacArthur. 

Waco,  Tex. 

Upton 

Yaphank,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 

Greenleaf . . . 

Fort  Oglethorpe,  Ga. 

McClellan.. 

Annlston,  Ala. 

Wadsworth . 

Spartanburg.  S.  C. 

Gordon 

Atlanta,  Ga. 

Meade 

Admiral,  Md. 

Wheeler 

Macon,  Ga. 

DECLARATIONS 

Austria  against  Belgium,  August  28,  19H. 

Austria  against  Japan,  August  27,  1914. 

Austria  against  Montenegro,  August  9,  1914. 

Austria  against  Russia,  August  6,  1914. 

Austria  against  Serbia,  July  28,  1914. 

Brazil  against  Germany,  October  26.  1917. 

Bulg.irla  against  Roumania,  September  1,  1916. 

Bulgaria  against  Serbia,  October  14,  1915. 

China  against  Austria,  August  14,  1917. 

China  against  Germany,  August  14,  1917. 

Cuba  against  Germany.  April  7,  1917. 

France  against  Austria,  August  12,  1914. 

France  against  Bulgaria,  October  16.  1915. 

Frnnce  against  Germany,  August  3.  1914. 

Germany  against  Belgium,  August  4,  1914. 

Germany  against  PYance,  August  3,  1914. 

Germany  against  Portugal,  March  9,  1915. 

Germany  against  Roumania,  August  28,  1916. 

Germany  against  Russia,  August  1,  1914. 

Great  Britain  against  Austria,  August  13,  1914. 

Great  Britain  against  Bulgaria,  October  15,  1915. 

Great  Britain  against  Germany,  August  4,  1914. 

Great  Britain  against  Tiu-key,  November  5,  1914. 

Greece  against  Bulgaria,  November  23,  1916  (Pro- 
visional Government). 

Greece  against  Germany,  November  23,  1916  (Pro- 
visional Government^) . 

Greece  against  Bulgaria,  July  2, 1917  (Government 
of  Alexander). 

SEVERANCE   OF 

Austria  against  Portugal,  March  15,  1916. 

Austria  against  Serbia,  July  26,  1914. 

Austria  against  United  States,  April  8,  1917. 

Belgium  against  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 

Bolivia  against  Germany,  April  14,  1917. 

Brazil  against  Germany,  April  11,  1917. 

China  against  Germany,  March  14,  1917. 

Ecuador  against  Germany,  December  7,  1917. 

France  against  Austria,  August  11,  1914. 

France  agaiu.st  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 

Germany  against  Italy,  May  23,  1915. 

Great  Britain  against  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 

Greece  against  Turkey,  July  2,  1917  (Government 
ot  Alexander). 


(Govern- 


OF     WAR— 1914-1917. 

Greece  against  Germany,  July  2,  1917. 
ment  of  Alexander.) 

Guatemala  against  Germany,  April  21,  1918. 

Hayti  against  Germany,  July  12,  1918. 

Honduras  against  Germany,  July  19,  1918.  ■ 

Italy  against  Austria,  May  24,  1915. 

Italy  against  Bulgaria,  October  19,  1915. 

Italy  against  Germany,  August  28,  1916. 

Italy  against  Turkey,  August  21,  1915. 

.Japan  against  Germany,  August  23,  1914. 

Liberia  against  Germany,  August  4,  1917; 

Panama  against  Austria,  December  10,  1917. 

Panama  against  Germany.  April  7,  1917. 

Portugal  against  Germany,  November  23,  1914 
(resolution  passed  authorizing  military  intervention 
as  ally  of  England) . 

Portugal  against  Germany.  May  19,  1915  (military 
aid  granted) . 

Roumania  against  Austria,  August  27.  1916  (allies 
of  Austria  also  consider  It  a  declaration) . 

Russia  against  Bulgaria,  October  19,  1915. 

Serbia  against  Germany,  August  9,  1914. 

Siam  against  Austria.  July  22,  1917. 

Siam  against  Germany,  July  22,  1917. 

Turkey  against  Allies.  November  23,  1914. 

Turkey  against  Roumania,  August  29,  1916. 

United  States  against  Germany,  April  6.  1917. 

United  States  against  Austria,  December  7,  1917. 

DIPLOMATIC   RELATIONS.   , 

Greece  against  Austria,  July  2,  1917  (Government 
of  Alexander). 

Guatemala  against  Germany,  April  27.  1917. 
Haytl  against  Germany,  Jime  16,  1917. 
Honduras  against  Germany,  May  17,  1917. 
Japan  against  Austria,  August  25,  1914. 
Liberia  against  Germany,  May  8,  1918. 
Nicaragua  against  Germany,  May  19,  1917. 
Peru  against  Germany,  October  5,  1917. 
Roumania  against  Bulgaria,  August  30,  1916. 
Russia  against  Bulgaria,  October  5,  1918. 
Russia  against  Roumania.  January  28,  1918. 
Russia  agaln?t  Turkey,  October  30,  1914. 
Turkey  against  United  States,  April  20,  1917.      • 
United  States  against  Gei'many.  February  3,  1917. 
Uruguay  against  Germany,  October  7,  1917. 


WAR    RISK    INSURANCE.  ,„  ,„      . 

Up  to  October  31,  1918,  that  is,  in  the  first  year  of  its  existence,  the  Division  of  Military  and  Naval 
Insurance  has  issued  over  seven  and  a  half  million  checks.  About  a  million  checks  are  now  mailed  each 
month,  the  sums  paid  out  in  these  checks  amounting  now  to  over  a  million  dollars  a  day.  Checks  have  gone 
eacli  month  to  every  city  and  hamlet  of  the  United  States.  Many,  indeed,  have  gone  to  loreign  countries. 
In  June,  20,000  checks  were  sent  to  Italy;  5,000  to  the  British  Isles;  2.000  to  France;  550  to  China;  500  to 
Sweden,  and  300  to  Switzerland.  The  total  nayments  on  allotments  and  allowances  made  during  the  past, 
year  have  amounted  to  over  S22oi000.000. 


708  Federal  Reserve  Board's  Estimate  of  Cost  of  TFa? 


UNITED    STATES    WARS    AND    CASUALTIES,    1775-1918. 

(Data  taken  from  the  Historical  Register  of  the  Armies  of  the  United  States.) 
THE  total,  1775-1918,  of  dead,  wounded  and  other  casualties,  is  estimated  at  approximately  1,500,000, 

of  which  number  the  dead  comprise  over  725,000.    For  other  facts  on  wars  and  battle  losses,  see  elsewhere, 

"Wars  of  the  United  States."  „  ,       , 

Here  is  a  list  to  date  of  the  wars  in  which  the  United  States  has  been  engaged: 


1775-1783 — War  of  the  Revolution. 

1782-1787 — Wyoming  Valley,  Pa.,  Insurrection. 

1786-1787 — Shays'B  Rebellion,  Massachusetts. 

1790-1795 — War  with  the  Northwest  Indians  (Miamls, 
Wyandottes,  Delawares,  Pottawatomies,  Shaw- 
nees,  Chlppewas,  and  Ottawas). 

1791-1794 — Whiskey  Insurrection  in  Pennsylvama, 

1798-1800 — War  with  France. 

1799 — Fries  Rebellion,  Pennsylvania. 

1801-1805 — Tripoliun  War. 

1806 — Burr  Conspiracy. 

1806 — Sabine  Expedition,  Louisiana. 

1807 — Chesapeake  Bay  Naval  Affair. 

J808 — Lake  Champlaln  Embargo  Troubles. 

1811-1813 — Second  War  with  the  Northwest  Indians. 

1812-1815 — War  with  Great  Britain. 

J  812 — Seminole  War,  Florida. 

1813 — Peoria  Indian  War,  Illinois. 

1813-1814— Creek  Indian  War,  Alabama. 

1817-1818 — Second  Seminole  War. 

1819 — Yellowstone  Expedition. 

1823 — Campaign  against  Blackfeet  and  Arickaree 
Indians. 

1827 — La  Fevre  Indian  War. 

1831 — Sac  and  Fox  Indian  War. 

1832 — Black  Hawk  War. 

1832-1833 — NulIiOcatlon,  South  Carolina. 

1833-1839 — Cherokee  Indian  War. 

1834 — Pawnee  Expedition. 

1835-1836 — Third  Seminole  War. 

1836-1837 — Second  Creek  Indian  War. 

1837 — Osage  Indian  Troubles. 

1838 — Heatherly  Indian  War. 

1838 — Mormon  Disturbances. 

1838-1839 — New  York-Canadian  Frontier  Disturb- 
ances. 

1846-1847 — Doniphan's  Expedition  into  Me.xico. 

1846-1848 — War  with  Mexico. 

1846-1848 — New  Mexican  Expedition. 

1848 — Cayuse  War,  Oregon. 

1849-1861 — Navajo  Wars. 

•1849-1861 — Comanche,    Cheyenne,    and    Klckapoo 
Indian  Troubles. 

1850 — Pitt  River  (Cal.)  Expedition. 

1851-1852 — Yuma  (Cal.)  Expedition. 

1851-1853 — Utah  Indian  War. 

1851-1856 — Indian  Wars,  Oregon  and  Washington. 

18i)5 — Snake  Indians  Expedition. 

1855-1856 — Sioux  Expedition,  Nebraska  TciTitory. 

1855 — Yakima  Expedition,  Washington  Territory. 

18.'j5-1856 — Cheyenne  and  Arapahoe  Troubles. 

1855-1858 — Seminole  or  Florida  War. 

1856-1858 — Kansas  Border  Troubles. 

i857 — Gila  Expedition,  New  Mexico. 

1857 — Sioux  Indian  Troubles  in  Minnesota  and  Iowa. 

1857 — Mountain  Meadow  Massacre,  Utah. 

1857-1858 — Utah  Expedition. 

1858 — Expedition  against  Northern  Indians. 

1858 — Puget  Sound  Expedition. 

1858 — Spokane,  Coeur  d'Alene  and  Paloos  Indian 
Troubles. 

1858 — Navajo  Expedition,  New  Mexico. 


1858-1859 — Wichita  Expedition,  Indian  Ten-ltory. 

1859 — Colorado  River  Expedition. 

1859 — Pecos  Expedition,  Texas. 

1859 — Antelope  Hills  Expedition,  Texas. 

1859 — Bear  River  Expedition,  Utah. 

1859— San  Juan  Imbroglio,  Washington  Territory. 

1859 — John  Brown  Raid,  Virginia. 

1859-1860 — Cortina  Troubles  on  Texas  and  Mexican 
Border. 

1860 — Pah-Ute  Expedition,  California. 

1860 — Kiowa  and  Comanche  Expedition,  Indian 
Territory. 

1860 — Carson  Valley  Expedition,  Utah. 

1860-1861 — Navajo  Expedition,  New  Mexico. 

1861-1890 — Apache  Indian  War  in  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico. 

1861-1865— Civil  War. 

1862 — Indian  Massacres  at  New  Ulm,  Minn.. 

1862-1867— Sioux  Indian  War  in  Minnesota  and 
Dakota.  _ 

1863-1869— War  against  the  Cheyenne,  Arapahoe, 
Kiowa,  and  Comanche  Indians  in  Kansas,  Ne- 
braska, Colorado,  and  Indian  Territory. 

1865-1868-— Indian  War  in  Oregon,  Idaho,  and  Cali- 
fornia. 

186.V1866 — Fenian  Raid,  New  York  and  Canada 
Border.  „.  ^,  , 

1867-1881 — Campaign  against  Lipan,  Kiowa,  Klck- 
apoo, and  Comanche  Indians,  Mexican  Border 
D  Istiiirb  JincGS 

1868-1869 — Canadian  River  Expedition,  New  Mex- 
ico. 

1871 — Yellowstone  Expedition. 

1871 — Fenian  Troubles,  Dakota  and  Maiutoba 
Frontier.  _ 

1 872 — Yellowstone  Expedition,  Dakota. 

1872-1873 — Modoc  Campaign. 

1873 — Yellowstone  Expedition,  Dakota. 

1874-1875 — Campaign  against  Kiowa,  Cheyenne,  and 
Comanche  Indians  in  Indian  Territory. 

1874 — Sioux  Expedition,  Wyoming  and  Nebraska. 

1874 — Black  Hills  Expedition,  the  Dakotas. 

1875 — Expedition  against  Nevada  Indians. 

1876 — Sioux  Indian  War. 

1876 — Powder  River,  Wyo.,  Expedition. 

1876-1877 — Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  Expeditions. 

1876-1879 — Sioux  and  Cheyenne  V\'ar. 

1877 — Nez  Perces  Campaign. 

1878 — Ute  Expedition. 

1879 — Snake  Indian  Trouble,  Idaho. 

1890-1891 — Sioux  Indian  War. 

1891-1893 — Mexican  Border  or  "Tin  Horn"  War. 

1895 — Bannock  Indian  Disturbances. 

1898-1899— Spanish-American  War. 

1898 — Chippewa  Indian  Disturbances. 

1899-1902 — Philippine  Insurrection. 

1900-1901 — Boxer  Insurrection,  China. 

1912-1913 — Nicaraguan  Expedition. 

1913-1914 — Haitian  and  Santo  Domlngan  Expedi- 
tions. 

1914 — Vera  Cruz  Expedition. 

1916 — Punitive  Expedition  into  Mexico. 

1917-1918 — European  War. 


GERMAN  ESTIMATE  OF  THE  COST  OF  THE  WAR. 

On  the  assumption  that  the  war  would  tei'minate  by  the  end  of  1918  a  German  financial  authority  (Georg 
Bernhard),  quoted  by  the  London  Economist,  July  27,  1918,  gave  the  following  estimates  of  the  direct 
financial  burden  of  the  war  to  Germany: 


Cost  of  mobilizatioD 

Military  expenses,  proper 

Feeding  the  nation,  etc 

Aid  to  invaded  districts 

Keconstruction  of  army  and  fleet 


$250,000,000 

29,000,000,000 

2,500,000,000 

1,250,000,000 

1.500,000,000 


Pensions  to  invalided  soldiers 
and  the  families  of  killed  sol- 
diers  


Total . 


$7,250,000,000 


$40,750,000,000 


FEDERAL    RESERVE    BOARD'S    ESTIMATE    OF    COST    OF    WAR. 

(From  the  Board's  November,  1918,  bulletin.) 

"ACCORDING  to  om-  calculations,  the  direct  cost  of  the  war,  since  the  outset,  can  be  estimated  at  an 
amount  somewhere  between  eight  hundred  and  fifty  and  nine  hundred  billion  francs — not  taking  into  ac- 
count the  amortization  of  the  debt  or  the  total  of  indemnities." 

Up  to  July,  1918,  Britain  had  loaned  over  .58,000,000,000,  of  which  86,300,000,000  was  to  her  Continental 
allies.    Nearly  53,000,000,000  had  been  advanced  to  Russia,  and  82,000,000,000  to  France. 


Statistics  of  British  Pensioners. 


709 


TROOPS    ENCAGED    IN    AMERICAN    WARS. 


Wars. 

From — 

To— 

Regulars. 

Militia  and 
Volunteers. 

Total. 

War  oJ  the  Revolution 

April  19,  1775 
Sept.  19,  1790 
July     9,  1798 
June  10,  1801 
July   27,  1813 
June  18,  1812 
Nov.  20,  1817 
April  21,  1831 

April  11.  1783 
Aug.     3,  1795 
Sept.  30,  1800 
June     4,  1805 
Aug.     9,  1814 
Feb.   17,  1815 
Oct.    21,  1818 
Sept.  30,  1832 

1837 
Sept.  30,  1837 
Aug.  14,  1843 

1839 
July     4,  1848 

1855 

1858 

1865 
Dec     10,  1898 

1900 

130,711 

600 

85,000 
1,000 
1,339 

935 

11,169 

30,954 
1,500 

164,080 

Y3,i8i 

471,622 

6,911 

6,126 

9,494 

12,483 

29,953 
1,500 

73,776 
1,061 
3,687 



309,781 

Northwestern  Indian  Wars 

8,983 

War  with  France ■* 

4,593 

War  with  TriDoli 

3,330 
13,781 

Creek  Indian  War 

War  ot  1812  with  Great  Britain 

676,622 

Seminole  Indian  War 

Black  Hawk  Indian  War 

7,911 
6,465 

Cherokee  dlstiu'bance  or  removal 

Creek  Indian  War  or  distui'bance 

Florida  Indian  War 

1836 
May     5,  1836 
Dec.  23,  1835 

1836 
Aprii  24,  1846 

1849 

1856 

1861 
April  21,  1898 

1899 

9,494 
13,418 
41,122 

Aroostook  disturbance 

1,500 

War  with  Mexico 

112,230 

Aoaclie  Navalo  and  Utah  War 

2,601 

Seminole  Indian  War 

3,687 

Civil  War 

2,772,408 

Spanisli-American  War 

60,000 

Philippine  Insurrection 

60,000 

Figures  lor  the  French  and  Tripoli  Wars  of  1798  and  1801  show  only  the  naval  forces.    In  the  Civil  War 
the  Confederates  had  over  750,000  troops  actually  engaged. 

THE  GREAT  BATTLES  OF  THE  CIVIL  WAR. 
(Fi'om  "Regimental  Losses  in  the  American  Civil  War,"  by  William  F.  Fox,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  U.  S.  V.) 
As  to  the  loss  in  the  LTnion  armies,  the  greatest  battles  in  the  war  were: 


Date. 

Battle. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Mi.ssing. 

Aggregate. 

Jiilv  1-."^    1863          

Gettysburg 

3,070 
2,725 
2,246 
2,108 
1,606 
1,656 
1,844 
1,284 
1,747 
1,764 
1,730 
1,688 

14,497 
13,413 
12,037 
9,549 
9,762 
9,749 
9,077 
9,600 
8,462 
8,408 
7,802 
8,513 

5,434 
2,258 
3,383 
753 
5,919 
.4,774 
1,816 
1,769 
4,263 
2,855 
3,717 
1,185 

23,001 

Mav  S-18    1864        

18,396 

MflV  .'>-7    1864            

17,666 

September  17,  1862 

May  1-3,  1863 

September  19-20,  1863.. . 
Tiinp  1-4    1864 

12,410 

17,287 

Chickamauga 

16,179 

Cold  Hai'bor 

12,737 

npppinhpr  1 1-14    1862 

Fredericksburg 

12,653 

Aiifimt  28-30.  1862     . 

Manassas 

14,462 

April  6-7,  1862 

Dprpmhfir  .'ll    1862     .    . 

Sliiloh    

13,047 

Stone  River 

13,249 

June  15-19,  1864 

Petersburg  (assault) 

11,386 

The  Union  losses  at  Bull  Run  (first  Manassas),  July  21,  1861.  were:  Killed,  470:  wounded,  1,071; 
captured  and  missing,  1,793;  aggregate,  3,334. 

The  Confederate  losses  in  particular  engagements  were  as  follows:  Bull  Run  (first  Manassas),  July  21 , 
1861,  killed,  387;  wounded,  1,582;  captiu-ed  and  missing,  13;  aggregate,  1,982.  Fort  DonelSon,  Tenn., 
February  14-16,  1862,  killed,  466:  wounded,  1,534;  captured  and  missing,  13^829:  aggregate,  15,829.  Shlloh, 
Tenn.,  April  6-7,  1862,  Idlled,  1,723;  wounded,  8,012;  captured  and  missinfr959;  aggregate,  10,694.  Seven 
Days'  Battle,  Virginia,  June  25-July  1,  1862,  killed,  3,478;  wounded,  16,261;  captured  and  missing,  875; 
aggregate,  20,614.  Second  Manassas,  August  21-September  2,  1862,  killed,  1,481;  wounded  and  missing, 
7,627;  captured  and  missing,  89;  aggregate,  9,197.  Antietam  camnaign,  September  12-20,  1862,  killed, 
1,886-  wounded,  9.348;  captured  and  missing,  1,367;  aggregate,  12,601.  Fredericksburg,  December  13,  1862, 
killed,  596:  wouuded,  4,068:  captured  and  missing,  651;  aggregate,  5,315.  Stone  River,  Tenn.,  December 
31,  1862,  killed,  1,294;  wounded,  7,945;  captured  and  missing,  1,027;  aggregate,  10,266.  Chancellorsvllle, 
May  1-4,  1863,  killed,  1,665;  wounded.  9,081;  captured  and  missing.  2,018;  aggregate,  12,764.  Gettysburg. 
Julv  1-3,  1863,  killed,  2,592;  wounded,  12,706;  captured  and  missing,  5,150;  aggregate,  20,448.  Chickii- 
maliga,  September  19-20, 1863,  killed,  2,268;  woimded,  13,613:  captured  and  missing,  1,090;  aggregate,  16,971. 

Ci'ttysburg  was  the  greatest  battle  of  the  wai";  Antietam  the  bloodiest.  The  largest  army  was  assembled 
by  th''  Confederates  at  the  seven  days'  fight;  by  the  Unionists  at  the  Wilderness. 

'1'1'e  number  of  casualties  in  the  volunteer  and  regular  armies  of  the  United  States  during  the  war  of 
1861-65,  according  to  a  statement  prepared  by  the  Adjutant-General's  office,  was  as  follows:  Killed  in  battle, 
67  058-  died  of  wounds,  43,012;  died  ot  disease,  199,720;  other  causes,  such  as  accidents,  murder.  Confederate 
prisons,  etc.,  40,154;  total  died,  349,944;  total  deserted,  199,105.  Number  of  soldiers  in  the  Confederate 
service  who  died  of  wounds  or  disease  (partial  statement).  133,821;  deserted  (partial  statement),  104,428. 
Number  of  United  States  troops  captured  during  the  war,  212,608;  Confederate  troops  captured,  476,169. 
Number  of  United  States  troops  paroled  on  the  field,  16,431;  Confederate  troops  paroled  on  the  field,  248,599. 
Number  of  United  States  troops  who  died  while  prisoners,  30,156;  Confederate  troops  who  died  while  pris- 
oners, 30,152.  

STATISTICS     OF     BRITISH     PENSIONERS. 

Vv  to  August  31,  1918,  from  the  beginning  ot  the  war,  421,877  wounded  soldiers  had  been  reported 
to  the  British  Ministry  of  Pensions.  Of  this  total,  42  per  cent,  had  been  discharged  from  service  for  wounds 
and  iiijiu-ies,  and  58  per  cent,  for  disease  and  illness.    The  Injui-ies  and  ailments,  by  classes,  were  as  follows: 

lOyesight  cases,  11,347;  wounds  and  injuries  to  leg  (necessitating  amputation),  11,536;  wounds  and 
Injuries  to  arms  (necessitating  amputation),  5,910;  wounds  and  injuries  to  leg  (not  necessitating  amputa- 
tion). 50,590;  wounds  and  injuries  to  arms  (not  necessitating  amputation),  37,074;  wounds  and  injuries  to 
hands  (not  necessitating  amputation),  17,987:  wounds  and  injuries  to  head,  16,270:  hernia,  3,391;  miscel- 
laneous wounds  and  Injuries,  25,049:  chest  complaints  and  tuberculosis,  47,078;  rheumatism,  27,424;  heart 
disease,  41,699;  epilepsy,  4,257:  nervous  diseases — Shell  shock,  neurasthenia,  miscellaneous,  25,165;  Insanity, 
3,888;  deafness,  7,731;  frost  bite  (including  cases  of  amputation  of  feet  or  legs),  3,392:  mi.scellaneous  dis- 
abilities— Brlght's  disease,  debility,  ulcer  of  stomach,  varicocele,  enteric  and  malaria,  spinal,  appendicitis, 
and  other  disabilities,  81,381;  not  classified  (awards  made  by  War  Office  and  Admiralty  which  have  lapsed 
or  not  come  up  for  renewal  of  Ministry  of  Pensioas),  708;  total,  421,877. 

Of  the  pensioners,  7,193  were  officers  in  the  army,  815  were  naval  officers,  397,760  were  warrant  officers, 
petty  officers,  non-commissioned  officers,  and  men  in  the  army,  and  16.109  were  navy  rank  and  file. 


710 


Surrendered  Ships  of  German  Navy. 


UNITED    STATES    LOANS    TO    FOREIGN    GOVERNMENTS.     

(By  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.) 

By  the  acts  of  Congress  of  April  24,  1917,  September  24.  1917,  April  4,  1918,  and  July  9,  1918,  authority 
was  vested  in  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  behalf  of  the  United  States,  with  the  approval  of  the  Presi- 
dent, to  establish  credits  in  favor  of  foreign  Governments  engaged  In  war  with  the  enemies  of  the  United 
States,  and,  to  the  extent  of  the  credits  so  established,  from  time  to  time  to  purchase  at  par  from  such  for- 
eign Governments,  respectively,  their  several  obligations.  A  total  appropriation  ol  810.000,000,000  was 
provided  for  this  purpose.  Under  these  authorizations  credits  have  been  established  in  favor  of  the  Gov- 
ernments of  Belgium,  Cuba,  France,  Great  Britain,  Greece,  Italy,  Liberia,  Roumanla,  Russia,  and  Serbia, 
und  advances  have  been  made  as  follows,  from  April  24,  1917,  to  Novembei  15,  1918: 


-  Country. 

Credits 
Established. 

Cash  Advances. 

Other  Charges 
Against  Credits. 

Balances  Under 

Established 

Credits. 

Belgium .". 

3192,520,000 
J,        15,000,000 

$173,380,000 

10.000.000 

1.970.000,000 

3,696,000,000 

$19,140,000 

Cubft    .    

5,000,000 

2,445,000,000 

3,945,000,000 

15,790,000 

1,210.000,000 

,,,5,000,000 

6,666.666 

325,000,000 

12,000,000 

$200,000,000 

275,000,000 

Great  Britain < 

249,000,000 

Greece 

15,790,000 

Italy 

1.051.000.000 

159,000,000 

Liberia 

6,000,000 

s.bbb.ood 

1,666,666 

187.729,750 
10,605,000 

137,270,250 

Serbia 

1,395,000 

Total 

$8,171,976,666 

57,098,714,750 

S220.790.000 

$852,471.9)6 

The  currencies  needed  in  France,  Great  Britain,  and  Italy  for  our  war  expenditures  in  those  countries 
nave  been  provided  by  the  respective  foreign  Governments  under  an  arrangement  whereby  the  dollar  ecjuiva- 
lents  of  the  amounts  so  provided  have  Ijeen  made  available  to  the  respective  foreign  Governments  for  use 
to  meet  their  war  expenditui-es  in  the  United  States,  and  thus  the  needs  to  these  Govemmeute  tor  advances 
from  the  United  States  have  been  reduced  by  a  corresponding  amount.  The  following  tabulation  shows 
the  amounts  of  the  foreign  currencies  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  United  States,  and  the  dollar  equivalents 
paid  therefor  in  the  United  States,  for  the  period  commencing  during  the  month  of  Januajy,  1918,  up  to 
November  15.  1918: 


COUNTRY. 

Francs. 

Pounds  Sterling. 

Lire. 

Dollar  Equiva- 
lent. 

France .    . 

3.571,436,076.38 

5631.275,365.86 

Great  Britain 

24,270,545-1-6 

115,633,978.20 

Italy 

39.540.419 

5,284,348.38 

Total 

S752, 193,692.44 

LOSSES    IN    BRITISH    ARMIES-1914-1918. 

OFFICERS. 


Killed. 

Wounded. 

Total. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Total. 

France 

32,769 

1,785 

1,340 

1,098 

285 

83,142 

3,010 

2,429 

2,311 

818 

126,757 
5,053 
4,335 
3,592 
1,217 

East  Africa 

380 

86 

133 

478 
334 
142 

896 

Dardanelles 

Mesopotamia 

Italy 

Other  theatres 

Total 

458 
326 

Saloiiica 

37,876 

92,664 

142,634 

MEN. 


FYance 

Dardanelles.  . 
Mesopotamia 

Egypt 

Salonica.  .  .  . 


Killed.    Wounded 


526,843 

31,737 

29,769 

14.794 

7,330 


1,750,203 
75,508 
48,686 
35,762 
16,058 


Total. 


2,592,895 

114,676 

93,244 

54,261 

26,101 


East  Africa. . . 

Italy 

Other  theatres 

Total 


Killed.    Wounded.      Total 


8,724 
941 
690 


620,828 


7,276 
4,612 
1.373 


1.939.478 


16,929 
6,280 
2,971 


2,907,357 


TOTAL   OFFICERS   AND    MEN. 


Killed. 

Wounded. 

Total. 

Killed. 

Wounded. 

Total. 

France 

559,612 

33,522 

31,109 

15,892 

7,615 

1,833,345 
78,518 
51,115 
38,073 
16,876 

2,719,652 

119,729 

97,579 

57,853 

27,318 

9,104 

1,027 

823 

7.754 
4.946 
1,515 

17,825 
6,738 

Dardanelles 

Italy 

Mesopotamia 

Other  theatres 

Total 

3,297 

Salonica ...'.'..'.'.'... 

658,704 

2,032.142 

3.049,991 

In  addition  to  the  killed  and  wounded,  there  were  359.145  British  officers  and  men  on  the  'missing" 
list.  Also,  not  in  the  above  tables,  were  19,000  "deaths  from  various  causes  among  the  troops  not  forming 
any  part  of  the  expeditionary  force."  ITie  tables  above  take  in  not  only  soldiers  from  the  British  Isles. 
but  also  from  India,  Canada,  Austi'alia,  and  New  Zealand. 


SURRENDERED    SHIPS    OF    GERMAN    NAVY. 

NAME,  DISPLACEMENT,  TONS. 
The  Kaiser,  24,700;  the  Kai.serin,  24,700;  the  Koeulg  Albert,  24,700;  the  Kronprinz  Wilhelm  25,800; 
the  Prinz  Regent  Lultpold,  24,700;  the  Markgraf,  25,800;  the  Grosser  Kurfurst.  25,800;  the  Bayem, 
28,000;  the  Konig,  25,800;  the  Frledrich  der  Grosse,  24,700;  the  Hindenburg.  28,000;  the  Derfflinger, 
26,600;  the  Seydlltz,  24,600;  the  Moltke,  22,640;  the  Von  der  Tann,  19,400:  the  Bremen.  4,000;  the 
Brummer,  4,000;  the  Frankfurt,  5,400;  the  Kohl,  4,900  (about);  the  Dresden.  5,900;  the  Emden.  uncertain. 


Exchanging  of  Prisoners  of  War. 


711 


COST    OF    FORMER    WARS    TO    OTHER    NATIONS. 

(By  the  Treasury  Department.) 


Bates. 


1793-1815 

1S12-1815 

1828 

1830-1840 

1830-1 S47 
1848 


1854-1856 


]8.'i9 
1864 


Countries  Engaged. 

England  and  France 

France  and  Kussia 

Ru^^sia  and  Turkey 

Spain  and  Portugal  (civil 

war) 

France  and  Algeria 

Revolts  in  Eui'ope 

/  EnsjIaiKi 

■  France 

Sardinia  and  Turlie.v .  . . 

Austria 

Russia 

France 

Austria 

Itixly 

Denmark,     Prussia,     and 

Austriit :  .  .  . 


Cost. 


S6,250  000,000 
450,625,000 
100,000,000 

250,000,000 
190,000,000 

50,000,000 
371,000,000 
332,000,000 
128,000.000 

68,600.000 
800,000,000 

75,000,000 
127,000,000 

51,000,000 

36.000,000 


Dates. 


1866 
1864-1870 

1865-1866 
1870-1871 

1876-1877 
1900-1901 

1904-1905 


Countries  Engaged. 


Prussia  and  Austria 

Brazil,    Argentina,    and 

Paraguay 

France  and  Mexico 

/  Germany 

\  France 

/  Russia 

\  Turkey 

Transvaal    Republic 

England 

Russia  and  Japan. . . 


and 


Cost. 


$330,000,000 

240,000,000 
65,000,000 
954,400,006 
1,580,000,000 
806,547,489 
403,273,745 

1,000,100,000 
2,500,000.000 


Expense  ol  wars,  1793-1860 $9,243,225,000 

Expense  of  wars,  1861-1910 14,080,321,240 

Total $23,323,546  240 

The  cost  of  the  Balkan  wars 1,264,000,000 


WHAT    FRANCE    HAS    RAISED. 

The  following  data  are  taken  from  a  statement  in  the  French  National  Assembly,  October  1,  1918,  in 
connection  with  the  fourth  war  loan.    The  figures  represent  francs. 

Raised  in  France:  Ad\;)nces  of  the  Bank  of  France  and  Bank  of  Algiers,  19,415,000,000;  National  De- 
fense notes  (Treasury),  26.462,083,000;  National  Defense  obligations  (Treasury),  679,232,000;  irredeemable 
State  loans.  32,186,859,000;  total,  78,733,774,000. 

Borrowed  abroad,  from:  England,  12,552,927,000;  United  States,  11,887,114,000;  Spain,  326,000,000; 
Sweden.  46,687,000;  Norway,  67,478,000;  Switzerland,  97,050,000;  Holland,  33,280,000;  Argentina,  471,- 
726,000;  Japan,  196,704,000;  total,  25,678,966,000. 

To  the  above  figures  should  be  added  the  tax  receipts  of  the  ordinary  budget,  namely,  money  realized 
by  normal  resources  from  the  beginning  of  1915  to  the  end  of  1917,  18,000,000,000  francs  ($3,600,000,000). 
During  the  eight  first  months  of  1918,  the  deposit  of  public  funds  with  Treasury  agents  procured  more  than 
1,000,000,000  francs  ($200,000,000).  The  employment  of  short-term  Treasury  notes,  reduced  even  to  one 
month,  has  dra«'n  out  untouched  resources  at  home,  w)iile  the  diminution  of  credits  asked  from  tlie  Allies 
teorresponding  iii  part  wilh  a  diminiition  of  imports)  goes  along  v.ith  increased  resources  from  neutrals. 


STOCK  OF  MONEY  IN  THE  WORLD. 

The  stock  of  gold  and  silver  money  in  the  world  on  January  1,  1916,  tlie  latest  date  for  which  official 
figures  are  available,  according  to  the  Director  of  the  Mint,  amounted  to  $10,699,225,000,  of  which  $8,258,- 
213,000  was  gold  .'tnd  $2,441,012,000  was  silver.  Of  the  total  money,  the  United  States  had  83,055,465,- 
000.  of  which  $2,299,454,000  was  gold;  and  the  British  Empire  liad  $1,507,415,000,  of  which  $1,159,820,000 
was  gold.  Of  the  British  rjmpire's  stock,  the  United  Kingdom  held  $661,944,000.  god,  and  $204,393,000, 
silver.  The  stock  of  money  of  the  other  chief  nations  was  as  follows:  Canada,  $170,560,000  gold,  $2,835,- 
000  silver;  India,  $42,412,000  gold,  $112,194,000  silver;  South  Africa,  $32,572,000  gold,  $2,601,000  silver; 
Bulgaria,  $19,669,000  gold,  $11,580,000  silver;  Denmark,  $31,168,000  gold.  $12,854,000  silver;  Egypt. 
$22,832,000  gold,  $21,634,000  silver;  France,  $1,384,125,000  gold,  $411,090,000  silver;  Germany,  $714,- 
073,000  gold,  $7,806,000  silver  (German  figures  cover  only  Reichsbank  holdings);  Greece,  $11,518,000 
sold,  $65,000  silver;  Italv,  $335,689,000  gold,  $46,568,000  silver;  Japan,  $143,128,000  gold,  $71,507,000 
silver  Netherlands,  $172.5;36.000  gold,  $195,968,000  silver;  Norway,  $24,887,000  gold,  $4,395,000  sliver; 
Portugal,  817,794,000  gold.  $41,640,000  silver;  Russia,  $1,058,480,000  gold,  $171,465,000  silver;  Slam, 
$7,549,000  silver;  Spain,  $107,375,000  gold,  $241,811,000  silver;  Sweden,  $43,542,000  gold,  $10,492,000 
iiilver;  Switzerland,  $48,270,000  gold,  $9,889,000  silver;  Turkey,  $291,197,000  gold,  $56,805,000  silver; 
South  America— Argentina,  $228,939,000  gold;  Brazil,  $24,408,000  gold;  Paraguay,  $1,930,000  gold;  Peru, 
$25,622,000  cold,  $3,425,000  silver;  Uruguay,  $28,356,000  gold,  $1,898,000  silver;  Venezuela,  .$2,057,000 
gold,  $1,464,000  silver.  Central  America—Nicaraugua,  $315,000  silver;  Panama,  351,000  gold.  §13,000 
silver;  Salvador,  $1,554,000  silver. 


EXCHANCINC    OF    PRISONERS    OF    WAR. 

A  CONFERENCE  ot  Freuch  and  German  delegates,  opened  at  Berne,  Switzerland,  May  15,  1918,  ar- 
ranged lor  an  exchange  of  more  than  330.000  French,  German  and  Bel^an  prisoners.  In  the  summer  of 
1917  the  Central  Powers  held  2,874,271  prisoners,  and  the  Entente  Allies  lield  a  total  of  1,284,050.  Ger- 
many had  1,690,731  prisoners,  including  17,474  officers;  Austria-Hungary,  1,092,055;  Bulgaria,  67,582,  and 
Turkev,  23,903,  a  total  of  2,874,271,  of  whom  27,620  were  offlcei-s. 


Russian. 
French.. 
Serbian . 


Total  In 

Number.  Germany 


2,080,699 
308,607 
154,630 


1,212,007 

367,124 

25,879 


Italian 

Roumanian . 
British.. . . . . 


Total  in 

Number.  Germany 


98,017 
79,033 
45,241 


10,157 
33.129 


Belgian 42,437 

Montenegrin..         5,607 


Total    f       In 
Number.  Germany 


42,435 


Tlie  British  prisoners  of  war  not  in  Germany  were  divided  between  Bulgaria  and  Turkey.  The  prison- 
ers  of  the  Allies,  not  including  40,000  Austrlans  and  Bulgarians  captured  by  the  Serbians  and  in  Italy  or 
20,000  Turkish  prisoners  in  Egypt,  were  distributed  as  follows: 


Total 
Number . 

In 
England. 

In 

France, 

In 

Russia. 

In 
Italy. 

German                  . .                

594,050 
630.000 

85,000 

259,050 

250,000 
550,000 

Aust.rian 

80,666 

At  the  same  time  Switzerland  was  sheltering  26,000  interned  war  prisoners,  of  whom  16,000  were  French, 
English,  and  Belgian,  while  10,000  were  German.  In  addition,  7,000  relatives  were  visiting  interned  men 
in  Switzerland.  Most  of  these  interned  prisoners  were  released  by  the  new  agreements,  while  other  thou- 
sands took  their  place. 


712 


Cost  of  Former  Wars  to  the  United  States. 


ITHE    LIBERTY    LOANS-BY    FEDERAL    RESERVE    DISTRICTS. 


First  Loan. 
(June,  1917— 
3  Vi  Per  Cent.) 


Second  I-oan. 
(Oct..  1917— 
4  Per  Cent.) 


THIRD  LOAN. 

(1918— 
4M  Per  Cent.) 


Fourth  Loan. 

(1918— 
iH  Per  Cent.) 


Boston 

New  York .... 
Philadelphia .  . 

Cleveland 

Richmond .... 
Atlanta...-. . . . 

Chicago 

St.  Louis 

Minneapolis. . . 
Kansas  City .  . 

Dallas 

San  Francisco. 


S332 

1,186 

232 

286 

109 

57 

357 

86 

70 

91 

48 

175, 


447,600 
788,400 
309.250 
148,700 
737,100 
878,550 
,195,950 
134,700 
,255,500 
,758.850 
948,350 
,623,900 


S476, 

1,550, 

380, 

486, 

201, 

90, 

184, 
140, 
150, 
77, 
292, 


950,050 
453.450 
350,250 
106,800 
212,500 
695,750 
853,350 
280.750 
932,650 
125,760 
899,850 
671,150 


S354 
1,115 
351 
405 
186 
137 
608, 
199 
180 
204 
116 
287 


537,250 
,243.650 

963,500 
,051,150 
,259,050 
,649.450 
,878,600 
,835.900 

892,100 

092,800 
.220,660 
,975.000 


S632 
2,044 
598 
702 
362 
213 
969 
296 
241 
294 
145 
459 


,22a, 850 
-778.000 
,763,650 
,059.800 
,688.200 
,885,200 
,209,000 
,388,550 
,028,300 
.640,450 
944,450 
,000,000 


Total  subscriptions. 


3.035,226,850 


4,617,532,300 


4,176,516.850 


6,989.047,000 


Total  quotas 

Total  allotments 

Total  number  of  subscribers. 


2,000,000,000 

2,000.000.000 

4.500.000 


3,000,000,000 

3,808,766,150 

10,020,000 


3,000,000.000 

4,176,516.850 

17,000,000 


6,000,000,000 

6.989.047.000 

21,000,000 


NEW  YORK  CITY  SUBSCRIPTIONS. 


Manhattan . 

Bronx 

Brooklyn.. . 

Queens 

Richmond . . 


Total  city  subscriptions. 


S960,417.050 

404,700 

30.312,000 

2,202,600 

679,600 


994,015,950 


51,095.189.000 

1,015,500 

44,424,200 

4,136,150 

1.373.700 


1,146,139.150 


5702,577,750 

5,112,350 

52,427,600 

10,137,350 

3.386.800 


773,641.850 


S1.353,449..-i50 

5.751,800 

100.469,650 

17.331.900 

5,075.750 


1.482.078.650 


Included  in  the  Third  Loan  subscription  total  is  $17,917,750  subscribed  by  the  United  States  Treasury. 
Wax  Savings  Stamps  subscriptions  totalled  S879. 330.000  up  to  November  20,  1918. 


DEBTS    OF    THE    BELLIGERENTS. 


ALLIES. 


Great  Britain 

Australia 

Canada 

New  Zealand 

France 

Italy : 

Russia 

United  States 

CENTRAL  Powers. 

Germany . . .  ■ 

Austria 

Hvmgary 

Neutrals. 

Denmark 

Holland 

Norway 

Spain 

Sweden 

Switzerland 


Before  the  \\'ar. 


1914, 
1914, 
1914, 
1914, 
1914, 
1914, 
1914, 
1917, 

1913, 
1914, 
1913, 

1914, 
1914, 
1914. 
1914, 
1914, 
1914, 


Aug.  1 
June  30 
March  31 
March  31 
July  31 
June  30 
Jan.  1 
March  31 

Oct.         1 

July  1 
July        1 

March  31 
Jan.  1 
June  30 
Jan.  1 
Jan.  1 
Jan.        1 


Dollars. 


3,458 

93 

336, 

446 

0,598 

2.792 

5,09: 

1,208 


000,000 
000,000 
,000,000 
,000,000 
.000.000 
,000,000 
000,000 
,000,000 


1,165,000.000 
2.640,000,000 
1,345.000,000 

96,716.000 

469.538,000 

95.782,000 

1,888.442.000 

166,846.000 

28.230,000 


Most  Recent  Date. 


1918, 
1918. 
1918. 
1917, 
1918. 
1918, 
1917, 
1918, 

1918, 
1918. 
1918, 

1917, 
1918, 
1916, 
1918, 
1917. 
1917. 


Nov.  1 
March  31 
July  31 
March  31 
Nov.  1 
March  31 
.Sept.  1 
Nov.        1 


30 


April 

July 

July 


March  31 


Jan. 
June 
Jan. 
June 
Nov. 


Dollars. 


33,000,000,000 

1,212,000,000 

1,172,000.000 

611,000,000 

26,000,000,000 

10,328,000,000 

25,383,000.000 

18.000,000,000 

28,922,000,000 

15,422.000,000 

6,316,000.000 

157,875,000 
762.527.000 
133.574,000 
1,987,454,000 
260,120,000 
187,876,000 


In  the  case  of  the  United  States  debt,  over  58,000,000,000  in  loans  to  Allies  is  a  partial  oHset.  Great 
Britain,  France  and  Germany  also  have  made  large  loans  to  their  allies.  Tlie  London  Economist  ot  Septem- 
ber 28,  1918,  estimated  the  British  debt  at  over  $34,000,000,000  on  that  date. 

COST    OF    FORMER    WARS    TO    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(Compiled  by  the  Treasury  Department.) 


WAR  OF  1812  WITH  GREAT  BRITAIN,  FROM 
JUNE  18,  1812,  TO  FEB.  17,  1815. 


Yeah. 


1812. 
1813. 
1814. 
1815. 


Total. 


§20,280,000 
31.681.000 
34.720,000 
32,943,000 


War. 


511,817,000 
19,652,000 
20,350,000 
14,794,000 


Navy. 


53,959.000 
6.446,000 
7.311,000 
8,660,000 


WAR  WITH  MEXICO.  FROM  APRIL  24, 
TO   JULY   4,    1848. 


1846, 


Year. 


1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 


Total. 


$27,261,000 
64.920,000 
47,618,000 
43,499.000 


War. 


510,413,000 
35,840,000 
27,688,000 
14,558,000 


Navy. 


56,455,000 
7,900,000 
9,408.000 
9.786.000 


CIVIL  WAR,   FROM    1861  TO   1865. 


YEAn. 


1860. 
1861. 
1862 . 
1863. 
1864. 
1865. 


Total. 


563,201,000 
60.650,000 
469,569,000 
718,733,000 
864,968,000 
1,295.099,000 


War. 


516,472,000 
23,001,000 
389,173,000 
603,314,000 
690,391,000 
1.030.690,000 


Navy. 


S11„M  4,000 
12,3,S7.000 
42,640,000 
63, 26!. 000 
85,705,000 

122,1,17  000 


SPANISH-AMERICAN   WAR,  FROM   APRIL  21. 
1898,  TO   DEC.   10,   1898. . 


Year. 


1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 


Total. 


5365,774,000 
443.368,000 
605,071,000 
487.713,000 


War. 


548,950,000 

91,992,000 

229,841,000 

134,774,000 


Navy. 


834,561,000 
58.823.000 
63.942,000 
65.953,000 


At  the  end  ol  the  Revolutionary  War  the  United  States  national  debt  was  §170.000,000. 


Shifs  in  Navy  November  1,  '1918. 


713 


THE    UNITED    STATES    NAVY-ITS    PERSONNEL    AND    STRENGTH. 

(Official  data,  as  of  November  1.  191S.) 
PERMANENT    REAll    ADMIRALS. 


Austin  M.  Knight.     iHeury  Mayo. 
James  M.  Helm.         Charles  F.  Pond. 
Nathaniel  R.  Tjsiior.i Walter  MeLean. 
Frank  V.  Fletcher.     JDeWilt  Coliman. 
Wythe  M.  Parks.        Reyni>ld  T.  Hall. 
VVra.  B.  Caperton.     IWilliam  F.  FiiUam. 
W.  F.  Worthiugton.iA.   Ci.    Winterhalter 


Aug.  F.  Fechteler. 
Albert  Gleave.s. 
Herbert  O.  Dunn. 
Albert  W.  Grant. 
William  S.  Benson. 
Thomas  S.  Rodgers. 
James  H.  Gleunon. 


Harry  S.  Knapp. 
William  L.  Rodgers 
Harry  McP.  Huse. 
George  W.  McElroy. 
Robert  S.  Griffln. 
George  E.  Burd. 
Jame.s  H.  Olivei'. 


TEMPORARY    RICAR   ADMIRALS. 


William  B.  Fletiihcr.lClarence  S.  Williams 
Marbury  Johuslon.    Jolm  D.  MfDonald 
Edwin  A.  Ander.'^oD.Hiliiry  P.  Jones. 
Thomas  W.  Kiukaid,  Wm.  R.  Siioemaker 


William  S.  SmUh. 
Spencer  S.  Wood. 
Jcseph  L.  Jayne. 
Charles  W.  Dyson. 


Prank  W.  Bartlclt. 
Edward  E.  Hay  den. 
Beuiaraln  C.Byran 
Roy  C.  Smith. 
Clarence  A.  Carr. 
Franlc  M.  Bennett. 
Edward  Simpson. 
Kenneth  McAlpine. 
William  L.  Howard. 
Robert  B.  Hlggins. 
Harry  A.  Field. 
George  W.  Kline. 
Robert  L.  Russell. 
William  W.  Gilmer. 
George  F.  Cooper. 
Edward  H.  Dure!!. 
Archibald  H.  Scales 


Percy  N.  Olmsted. 
Franl?  B.  Upham. 
Andre  M.  Proct^er. 
Chester  Wells. 
Ridley  McLean. 
David  F.  Sellers. 
John  T.  Tompkins. 
Alfred  W.  Hinds. 
Ernest  I,.  Bennett. 
Clark  D.  Stearas. 
Henry  15.  Price. 
Stephen  V.  Gralicm 
William  P.  Scott. 
Joseph  M.  Reeve.s. 
Roscoe  C.  Moody. 
Frank  Lyon. 
John  McLuby. 
Hutch  I.  Cone. 
Robt.  W.  McNeeley 
George  E.  Gelm. 
Frank  H.  Brumby. 


losep'i  Strau.gs. 
Edward  W.  Eberle. 
Robert  K.  Coontz. 


George  R.  Clark. 
Harold  P.  Norton. 
GuR.  Kaemmorling. 
Alex.  S.  Halstead. 
Roger  Welles. 
Chas.  P.  Plunkett. 
Wm.  H.  G.  BuUard 


Josepli  W.  Oman. 
Philip  Andrews. 
Josiah  S.  McKean. 
Benton  C.  Decker. 
Mark  I/.  Bristol. 
Newton  A.  McCuUy 
Henry  F.  Bryan. 


William  S.  Sims. 
Hugh  Rodman. 
Henry  B.  Wilson. 
Thomas  Snowden. 
Albert  P.  Nlblack. 
John  A.  HoogewerJT. 


Andrew  T.  Long. 
Thos.  Washington. 
Guy  H.  Burrage. 
Ashley  H.  Robertson 
Carlo  B.  Brittain. 
Samuel  S.  Robison. 
Charles  F.  Hughes, 


PERMANENT    CAPTAINS. 


Ca.sey  B.  Morgan. 
William  M.  Crose. 
Lloyd  II.  Chandler. 
Herman  O.  Stickney. 
Victor  Blue. 
Henry  A.  Wiley. 
Fred.  B.  Bassett,  Jr. 
Richard  H.  Jackson. 
Nathan  C.  Twining. 
Edward  L.  Beach. 
Benj.  F.  HutchLson. 
Thos.  P.  Magruder. 
S.  E.  W.  Kittelle. 
William  V.  Pratt. 
Louis  M.  Nulton. 
George  R.  Marvell. 
Wni.  D.  MacDougall 


Cleland  N.  Offley. 
Louis  R.  de  Steiguer. 
Louis  A.  Kaiser. 
William  C.  Cole. 
Jehu  V.  Chase. 
Henry  J.  Ziegmeier. 
George  W.  Williams. 
Montg'y  M.  Taylor. 
Carl  T.  Vogelgesang. 
Chas.  B.  McVay,  Jr. 
John  H.  Dayton. 
Lucius  A.  Bo.stwick. 
Wm.  W.  Phelps. 
WlUiam  A.  Moffett. 
Julian  L.  Latimer. 
DeWitt  Blamer. 
John  K.  Robison. 


Arthur  L.  Willard. 
Edwin  T.  Pollock. 
Henry  H.  Hough. 
Harley  H.  Christy. 
Noble  E.  Irwin. 
Waldo  Evans. 
Reginald  R.  Belknap 
Thomas  J.  Senn. 
Charles  F.  Preston. 
Rlciiard  H.  Leigh. 
Adelbert  Althouse. 
Wm.  D.  Brotherton 
Frank  H.  Sehoneld. 
James  F.  Carter. 
George  W.  Laws. 
George  C.  Day. 
Luke  McNamee.. 


TEMPORARY    CAPTAINS. 


James  P.  Morton. 
G.  Lorlng  P.  Stone 
Harris  Laning. 
Franklin  D.  Karns. 
David  W.  Todd. 
John  V.  Klemman. 
Henry  V.  Butler. 
Walter  R.  Gherardi 
James  J.  Raby. 
Wm.  n.  Standley. 
Kenneth  M.  Bennett 
Edw.  Howe  Watson 
Rulus  Z.  Johnston. 
Thomas  T.  Craven. 
D.  W.  Wurtzbaugh. 
Ralph  Earle. 
Gatewood  8.  Lincoln 
Ivan  C.  Wettengel, 
Charles  M.  Tozer. 
Wat.  T.  Cluverius. 
Duncan  M,  Wood. 


Leigh  C.  Palmer. 
Albert  W.  Marshall. 
Thomas  A.  Kearney. 
Dudley  W.  Knox. 
Edw.  McCauley,  Jr. 
Wm.  L.  Littlefleld. 
Earl  P.  Jessop. 
Arthur  Crenshaw. 
Amou  Bronsou,  Jr. 
Harry  E.  Yarnell. 
Arthur  MacArthur. 
David  E.  Theleen. 
Arthur  J.  Hepburn. 
Thomas  C.  Hart. 
Clyrus  R.  Miller. 
Orln  G.  Murfln. 
L.  M.  Overstreet. 
Frederick  A.  Traut. 
Francis  L.  Chadwick 
Roscoe  C.  Bulmer. 


Harlan  P.  Perrill. 
I^eouard  R.  Sargent 
David  F.  Boyd. 
Louis  C.  Richardson, 
Walton  R.  Sexton. 
William  IJ.  Leahy. 
Andrew  T.  Graham 
Arthur  St.  C.  Smith 
Willis  McDowell. 
Austin  Kautz. 
Charles  T.  Owens. 
William  C.  A.sserson 
Clarence  W.  Kemplt 
John  Halligan,  Jr. 
William  C.  Watts. 
l-,yman  A.  Gotten. 
Frank  L.  Pinney. 
Zeno  E.  Briggs. 
William  T.  Tarrant 
Clarence  .\.  Abcle. 


Charles  L.  Hussey. 
John  R.  Y.  Blakely. 
John  F.  Hines. 
Yates  Stirling,  Jr. 
George  B.  Bradsliaw. 
Philip  Williams. 
Doug.  E.  Dlsmukea. 
Blon  B.  Bierer. 
Powers  Symington. 
Ray.  D.  Hasbrouck. 
Joel  R.  P.  Pringle. 
Edward  S.  Kellogg. 
Frank  H.  Clark. 
Edward  H.  Campbell 
Walter  S.  Crosley. 
Miirtin  E.  Trench. 
Orton  P.  Jackson. 

Thomas  L.  Johnson. 
Yancey  S.  Williams. 
Edward  T.  Constien. 
Geo.  T.  PettengiU. 
David  C.  Hanrahan. 
Charles  P.  Nelson. 
Herbert  G.  Sparrow. 
Edward  B.  Fenner. 
Victor  A.  Klmberly. 
Alfred  G.  Howe. 
William  R.  White. 
William  K.  Riddle. 
John  G.'  Church. 
James  H.  Comfort. 
G.  B.  I.andenberger. 
William  Norris. 
Adolphus  Andrews. 
Frederick  L.  Oliver. 
Thomas  R.  Kurtz. 
Allen  Buchanan. 


INCREASE     IN     THE 


(REGULAR)  BETWEEN  APRIL  6,   1917 

OFFICERS. 


UNITED     STATES     NAVY. 

AND  NOVEMBER  1,  1918. 


Aprils,  1917. 
Nov.  1,  1918. 


Line. 
2,270 
5,765 


Staff. 
868 
2,604 


Warrant, 

1,238 
I    2,040 


Total. 

4,376 

10,409 


Increase. 


Line. 
3,495 


Staff. 
1,736 


Warrant. 
802 


Total. 
6,033 


Enlisted  Personnel— April  f.,  1917.  62,067;  November  1,  191S,  216,968;  increase,  164,301. 


INCREASE     IN     THE     UNITED 

BETWEEN  APRIL 


STATES     NAVAL 

1917,  AND  NOVEMBER 
OFFICERS. 


RESERVE 

1,  1918. 


FORCE. 


Aprils,  1917. 
Nov.  1,  1918. 


Line. 

640 

15,466 


Staff. 

140 

3,602 


Warrant. 
197 
2,554 


Total. 

877 

21,622 


Increase. 


Line. 
14,926 


Staff. 
3,462 


Warrant. 
2,357 


Total. 
20,745 


Enlisted  Peksonnel — November  1,  1918,  289,639.    OI  this  n\imber  more  than  8,000  are  women. 


SHIPS     IN      NAVY     NOVEMBER     1,     1918. 
Battleships,  40;  cruisers,  32;  monitors,  8;  gunboats,  33;  destroyers,  125;  torpedo  boats,  17;  submarines, 
68;  submarine  chasers,  303;  tenders  to  4«stroyers  and  submarines,  15;  mine  planters  and  sweepers,    79: 
yachts  on  patrol  duty,  56;  tugs  on  patrul *.<uty,  53;  supply  vessels,  navy,  51;  transports,  navy,  4;  hospital 

In  addition  to  the  above  the  Navv  was  manning  on  November  1,  1918:  50  troop  transports,  232  cargo 
transports,  640  pati-ol  vessels  in  the  districts,  175  barges  in  the  districts. 

Making  a  grand  total  oJ  1,990  vessels  as  against  about  250  April  5.  1917. 


714 


Vessels  in  the  United  States  Navy,  June  30,  1916. 


WARSHIP    TONNAGE    OF    PRINCIPAL    POWERS    IN    1916. 


Type  of  Vessel. 

Gt 

Britain. 

Germany. 

United  States. 

France. 

No. 

Tons. 

No. 

Ton's. 

No. 

Tons. 

No. 

Tons. 

Battleships  (1)  (dreadnouglit  type)., . 
Battleships  (2)  (predreadnought) .... 
("^nflst.-dpfpnsp  Vessels  (3) .......>■.•■ 

36 
40 

844,350 
589,385 

20 
20 

1 

9 

46 

154 

472,822 

242,800 

8,168 

198,924 

94,245 
177,647 

81,494 

17 

25 

4 

467,450 

340.146 

12,900 

12 

18 

1 

286,024 

262,675 

S.SOO 

10 
34 
91 
188 
49 
97 

■216,766 
406,800 
449,815 
147,620 
11,488 
47,598 

A rmovpii  cruisers .••■■•■■•••• 

10 
15 
74 
6 
75 

140,080 

75,625 

60,219 

1,082 

20 

9 

87 

135 

86 

201,724 

Cruisers 

Destroyers , . . . 

46,095 
38,465 
13,426 

Submarines .■• 

45 

28.540 

42,706 

Total  tons. 

2,713.756 

1 .304,640 

1,097,502 

899.915 

Type  of  Vessel. 

JAPAN. 

Russia. 

Italy. 

AUSTRL\-HUNC. 

No. 

Tons. 

No. 

Tons. 

No. 

Tons. 

No. 

Tons. 

Battleships  (1)  (dreadnought  tyi)e).. . 
Battleships  (2)  (predreadnought) 

6 
13 
2 
4 
13 
13 
52 
27 
15 

164,000 

191,380 

9,086 

110,000 

138.483 

57,915 

22,163 

3,017 

3,872 

8 

7 

2 

4 

6 

17 

135 

14 

49 

181,844 
98,750 
10,380 

128,000 
63,500 

106,445 

90,412 

2,132 

19,790 

10 
8 

249,794 
96,100 

8 
6 
6 

178,040 
74.613 
41,700 

Armorpd  rniisers ...■• 

9 

8 

51 

70 

27 

74,020 
23  718 
31,010 
11,856 
11.317 

2 
10 
18 
63 
12 

13,380 

35,031 

Opstrovera          ...•.>>■•■.■••.«>.>. 

9,450 

Tornftdo  boa.ts.  ...>•>■•••■• 

12,738 

Submarines 

7,056 

Total  tons 

699.916 

.... 

701,253 

497,815 

372,008 

UNITED   STATES    NAVY    AND    NAVAL    MILITIA. 

(By  tlscal  years.) 


STATE. 


Navy 

Marine  Corps. . 

NAVAL  MILITIA 

California 

Connecticut.  .  .  , 
Dist.  of  Columbia 

Florida 

Hawaii 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . 
MiciiiRan 


1913. 


f^-,  Enlist- 

omcers.  g^  j^jgjj 


3.505 
330 


61 
21 
12 
16 

40 

17 
27 
6 
18 
42 
40 


48,068 
9,757 


634 
202 
139 
133 

505 
292 
346 
120 
139 
640 
502 


1916. 


Officers.  ^^^^ 


4,134 
646 


68 
24 
12 
26 
7 
39 

22 
17 
23 

no 

39 


77,956 
14,981 


882 
343 
200 
378 
100 
628 

3i5 
148 
198 
836 
581 


State. 


Minnesota 

Missouri 

New  Jersey 

New  Yorli 

North  Carolina . . 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania.  . . 
Rhode  Island .  . . 
South  Carolina. . 

Texas 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

Total 


1913. 


OfBfprsl  Enlist- 
omcers.  ^^j  j^j^,, 


17 
15 
30 
80 
42 
23 
23 
17 
16 
18 

2i 
13 


615 


222 
211 
395 
1,200 
271 
285 
226 
208 
193 
146 

283 
145 


7,446 


1916. 


Officers. 


28 
16 
28 
93 
19 
21 
15 
15 
15 
21 
10 
20 


638 


Enlist- 
ed Men. 


446 
234 
479 
1,712 
132 
302 
233 
151 
196 
176 
136 
364 


9,170 


VESSELS    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES    NAVY,    .JUNE    30,    1916. 


Type. 

Fit  for  Service. 

Under 

Construct'n 

Total. 

No. 

11 

25 

10 

5 

4 

16 

7 

63 

18 

38 

8 

28 

4 

4 

1 

20 

14 

47 

8 

21 

Tons. 

276,050 

340,146 

140,080 

46,465 

25,065 

60,820 

24,964 

48,098 

3,300 

13,580 

31,927 

25,937 

22,235 

25,400 

5,700 

239,430 

8,957 

19,431 

45,9.  • 

46,291 

No. 
6 

Tons. 
192,000 

No. 

17 

25 

10 

5 

4 

16 

7 

74 

18 

75 

8 

28 

5 

5 

1 

22 

14 

49 

8 

21 

Tons. 
468,050 

"Rflttlftfiliins   second-line. .<.....■■.■. 

340,146 

140,080 

Cruisers:  l^rst-class 

46,465 

25,065 

. 

50,820 

24,964 

11 

12,093 

60,191 

3,300 

35 

20,311 

33,891 

Tpndprs  to  t-ornedo  bofits. 

31,927 

Criinboats    .•...■.■• 

25,937 

Transoorta .■...•■■■■>■.■■>■■•••••• 

1 
1 

10,000 
8,500 

32,235 

Sunolv  slilDS ...a*.. 

33,900 

"5,700 

Fuel  ships.  .<; 

Converted  yachts 

Tugs 

Special  type 

2 

29,000 

268,430 
8,957 

2 

1.150 

20,581 
45,904 

Unserviceable  for  war  purposes 

46,291 

***** 

Total : 

352 

1.439,780 

68 

273,054 

412 

1,712,834 

Achievements  of  the  U.  S.  Navy  in  the  War.  715 


ACHIEVEMENTS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NAVY  IN  THE  WAR. 

(Data  taken  from  the  Report  of  Secretary  Daniels,  made  public  Deo.  9,  1918.  Statistics  as  to  tbe 
strength  and   persocuel  will  be   found  elsewhere,   under  separate  heads.) 

The   Secretary  in  his  report   says: 

"It  is  too  early  to  tell  the  full  story  of  the  accomplishments  of  the  American  Navy  during  the 
great  war,  now  happily  a,  tragedy  of  tlie  past,  with  the  achievement  of  all  aims  which  summoned  our 
country  to  take  up  arms.  It  will  require  tlie  quiet  perspective,  after  the  stress  of  battle,  for  a  full 
assessment  of  the  valor  of  the  men  of  the  sea,  their  resource,  their  initiative,  their  success,  and  their 
fofKetfulness  of  self  in  the  whole-hearted  and  efficient  service  of  their  country.  When  the  peace  terms 
are  signed  and  the  agreement  between  all  nations  cements  the  blood-hought  victory  for  permanent  peace, 
the  detailed  story  of  the  Nail's  participation  will  afford  a  new  cause  for  gratification  and  give  a  greater 
thrill  of  pride  when  the  world  fully  knows  the  many  instances  of  splendid  courage  which,  for  niilitarv 
reasons,  could  not  be  fully  disclosed  during  the  struggle  and  must  be  left  for  the  historian   to  record." 

Mr.  Daniels  gives  a  brief  history  of  the  moves  in  Congress  in  conjunction  with  the  Navy  Departme.it, 
and   adds: 

War  was  declared  oe  April  G,  1917.  On  tlie  4th  of  May  a  detachment  of  destrovers  was  in  European 
waters.  By  January  1,  191S,  there  were  113  United  States  naval  ships  across,  and  in  October,  1918,  the 
total  liad  reached  338  ships  of  all  classes.  At  the  present  time  there  are  5.000  officers  and  70.000 
enlisted  men  of  ihe  United  States  Navy  serving  in  Europe,  this  total  being  greater  than  the  full  strength 
of  the  navy  when  the  United  States  entered  tlie  war. 

As  an  indication  of  the  work  being  done  by  United  States  naval  vessels  in  the  war  zone,  the  following 
averages  of  miles  steamed  per  month  are  given: 

Destroyers,  275,000;  miscellaneous  patrol  craft,  120,000;  mine  sweepers,  10,000;  mine  layers,  10,000; 
battleships  and  submarines,  90,000;  submarine  chasers,  121,000;  or  a  total  of  026,000  miles  per  month. 
The  above  figures  include  vessels  actively  engaged  in  naval  duties  only,  under  command  of  the  force 
comraandei'.  United  States  naval  forces  in  Europe,  and  not  troopships,  transports,  cargo  carriers,  or 
miscellaneous  merchant  vessels  flying  the  American  flag,  constantly  plying  through  the  war  zone.  Nor 
does  it  include  cruisers  or  battleships  engaged  in   oversea   escort  duties. 

Distances  steamed  by  various  destroyers  can  be  shown  when  the  record  of  several  of  the  first  to 
arrive  in  European  waters  is  examined.  Three  of  these  are  shown  to  have  steamed  during  the  first 
year  of  service  in  the  zone: 

U.    S.   S.   Porter,   64,473   miles;  U.    .S.    S.    Conynghara,    63,952  miles;   U.    S.    S.    Davis,    63,015  miles. 

An  individual  instance  of  activity  is  given  for  one  of  the  new  destroyers.  The  U.  S.  S.  Kimberley, 
dining  the  month  of  June,  steamed  7,019  miles,  and  was  at  sea  470  hours  during  the  month;  i.e., 
about  65   per  cent,    of  the   time. 

The  destroyers  upon  their  first  arrival  were  based  on  Queenstown.  which  has  been  the  base  of  the 
operations  of  these  best  fighters  of  tlie  submarines  during  the  war.  E\cry  facility  possible  was  provided 
for  the  comfort  and  recreation  of  the  officers  and  men   engaged  in  this  most  rigorous   service. 

During  July  ,and  August,  1918,  3,444.012  tons  of  shipping  was  escorted  to  and  from  France  by 
American  escort  vessels;  of  the  above  amount,  1,577,735  tons  were  escorted  in  and  1,864,677  tons  were 
escorted  out  of  French  ports.  Of  the  tonnage  escorted  into  French  ports  during  this  time,  only  16, OSS 
tons,  or  0.009  per  cent,  were  lost  through  enemy  action,  and  of  the  tonnage  escorted  out  from  French 
ports,  only  27,858  tons,  or  0.013  per  cent,  were  lost  through  the  same  cause.  During  the  same  period, 
July  and  August  of  this  year,  259,604  American  troops  were  escorted  to  Prance  by  United  States  escort 
vessels  without  the  loss  of  a  single  man  through  enemy  action.  The  particulars  in  the  above  paragraph 
refer  to  United   States  navy  forties  operating  in   the  war  zone   from   French   ports. 

During  the  same  time — July  and  August — destroyers  based  on  British  ports  supplied  75  per  cent, 
of  the  escorts  for  S18  ships,  totalling  2,752,908  tons,  and  including  the  escort  of  vessels  carrying  137,283 
United  States  troops.  The  destroyers  on  this  duty  were  at  sea  an  average  of  67  per  cent,  of  the  tune, 
and  were  imder  way  for  a  period  of  about  16,000  hours,  steammg  approximately  an  aggregate  of  260,000 
miles.     There  wore  no  losses  due  to  enemy  action. 

American  and  British  ships  have  carried  over  2.000,000  American  troops  overseas.  The  United  States 
did  not  possess  enough  ships  to  carry  over  our  troops  zs  rapidly  as  they  were  ready  to  sail  or  as  quickly 
as  they  were  m^eded  in  France.  Great  Britain  furnished,  under  contract  with  the  War  Department, 
many  ships  and  safely  transported  many  American  troops,  the  numbers  having  increased  greatly  in  the 
spring  and  summer.  A  few  troops  were  carried  over  by  other  allied  ships.  The  actual  munber  trans- 
ported in  Britisli  ships  was  more  than  a  million.  The  esaot  figures  are  not  now  available,  but  it  was 
a,  service  invaluabJo  and  timely,  and  was  typical  of  Great  Britain's  large  contribution  of  its  great  shipping 
facilities  for  the  common  cause. 

The  American  force  b.T.sed  on  Gibraltar,  including  destroyers,  gunboats,  cruisers,  yachts,  and  Coast 
Guard  cutters  during  July  and  August  have  been  at  sea  56  per  cent,  of  the  time,  and  actually  under 
way  15.500  hours,  steaming  durhig  this  period  160.000  miles.  They  have  supplied  approximately  25  per 
cent,  of  the  escorts  for  Mediterran(  an  convoys  between  Gibraltar  on  the  one  hand  and  France  and  Italy 
on  the  other,  and  have  performed  70  i)er  cent,  of  the  ocean  escort  duties  between  Gibraltar  and  Enslnud. 
The  above  figures  are  given  as  iiidiciUive  of  what  is  accomplished  month  by  month  by  our  vessels  in  the 
war  zone.  < 

In  addition  to  duty  performed  by  destroyers  and  other  escorting  vessels,  the  extensive  naval  activities 
of  our  ))attleships  with  ihe  British  Grand  li'leet.  mining  units,  patrol  units,  submarine  hunting,  mine 
sweeping,   salvage,   etc.,   have   been   many   and  varied. 

When  the  submarine  chaser  flotilliis  were  sent  overseas  it  was  decided  to  route  them  via  tlie 
Bermudas  and  the  Ai;ores  in  order  to  get  them  across  materially  fit  and  with  the  personnel  in  fighting 
trim.  Having  formiUated  the  plan  of  getting  our  chasers  across,  it  was  necessary  to  secure  for  them 
certain  base  facilities  on  the  way  over.  To  that  end  negotiations  were  entered  into  with  the  Portuguese 
whereby  we  received  from  them  the  use  of  a  temporary  base  at  Ponta  Delgada,  in  the  Azores.  This  base 
was  built  up  to  such  an  extent  that  we  were  able  to  care  for  the  needs  of  our  small  and  other  craft 
that  might  require  the   use  of  a  base  while   passing   to   and  fro  across  the  Atlantic. 

The  coal  used  by  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces  in  France  is  carried  to  that  country  in  vessels 
largely  officered  and  manned  by  the  navy.  Of  the  70  or  more  ships  operating  in  army  coal  service 
two- thirds  have  now  been  commissioned  in  the  navy,   and  the  others  will  shortly  follow. 

The  destruction  of  tankers  carrying  oil  to  oiu'  own  ships  and  the  British  fleet  in  the  North  Sea 
gave  much  anxiety,  and  in  order  to  avert  the  submarine  menace  in  sending  the  tankers  around  the 
north  of  Scotland  it  was  determinea  by  the  American  and  British  Navy  to  build  a  pipe  line  'across 
Scotland.  Om'  naval  experts  imdertook  the  big  task,  and  thereby  reduced  the  distance  and  danger 
of  supplying  the  fleet  witli   oil. 

In  order  to  efficiently  co-operate  with  our  allies.  United  States  naval  port  officers  have  been 
stationed  at  20  of  t'le  principal  seaports  of  Grent  Britain.  France  and  Italy.  Fifteen  naval  bases  have 
been  established. 

In  conueotion  with  aviation,    two  repair   and  assembly  bases,    4   kite   balloon   stations,    18  seaplane 


716      Achievements  of  the  U.  S.  Navy  in  the  War— Continued. 

stations,   5  bombiug  plane  stations,   and   3  dirigible  stations   have   been  established   and  manned   with 
naw  personnel,   which  includes  G24  officers,   97   observers,   and  over   15,000   enlisted  men. 

More  than  50,000  American  mines  have  been  laid  in  strategical  areas  in  European  waters.  The 
Navy  bas  taken  part  in  and  actually  laid  80  per  cent,  of  the  great  mine  barrage,  230  miles  long,  from 
.Scotland  to  Norway.  A  total  of  56,439  mines  have  been  laid,  all  of  which  were  designed  and  manufac- 
tured by  the  United  States  and  transported  and  laid  by  the  United  States  Navy.  The  total  personnel 
engaged  in  mining  activity  alone  is  upward  of  G,700  men. 

OPERATIONS— AT  HOME  AND  ABROAD. 

The  operations  of  our  navy  during  the  world  war  have  covered  the  widest  scope  in  its  history.  Otir 
naval  forces  have  operated  in  European  waters  from  the  Jlediterranean  to  the  While  Sea.  At  Corfu, 
Gibraltar,  along  the  French  Bay  of  Biscay  ports,  at  the  English  Channel  ports,  on  the  Irish  coast,  in 
the  North  Sea.  at  Jlurmansk  and  Archangel,  our  naval  forces  have  been  stationed  and  have  done 
creditable  work.  Their  performance  will  probably  form  the  most  interesting  and  exciting  portion  of  the 
naval  history  of  this  war,  and  it  is  the  duty  which  has  been  most  eagerly  sought  by  all  of  the  persoimel, 
but  owing  to  the  character  of  the  operations  which  our  navy  has  been  called  upon  to  take  part  in.  it 
has  not  been  possible  for  all  of  our  naval  forces,  much  as  they  desired  it,  to  engage  in  operations  at 
tlie  front,  and  a  large  part  of  our  work  has  been  conducted  quietly  but  none  the  less  effectively  in 
other  areas.  This  service,  while  not  so  brilliant,  has  still  been  necessary,  and  without  it  our  forces  at 
the  front   could  not  have   carried  on   the   successful   campaign   that   they   did. 

Naval  men  have  served  on  nearly  two  thousand  craft  that  plied  the  waters,  on  submarines  that  fear 
not  the  undersea  perils,  and  in  aviation  where  men  of  vision  and  courage  prevent  surprise  attacks  and 
fight  with  new-found  weapons.  On  the  land,  marines  and  sailors  have  helped  to  hold  strategic  points, 
regiments  of  marines  have  shared  witli  the  magnificent  army  tlieir  part  of  the  hard-won  victory,  a 
wonderfully  trained  gun  crew  of  sailors  have  manned  the  monster  14-inch  guns  which  marked  a  new 
departure  in  land  warfare.  In  diplomacy,  in  investigation  at  home  and  in  all  parts  of  the  world  by 
naval  officers  and  civilian  agents,  in  protecting  plants  and  labor  from  spies  and  enemies,  in  promoting 
new  industrial  organizations  and  enlarging  older  ones  to  meet  war  needs,  in  stimulating  production  of 
needed  naval  craft— these  are  some  of  the  outstanding  operations  which  mark  the  heroic  jear  of 
accomplishment. 

NAVAL   OPEBATING   FOKCES— FIGHTING    CBAFT. 

The  employment  of  the  fighting  craft  of  the  navy  may  be  summed  up  as  follows: 

In  the  summer  of  1917,  the  submarine  problem  having  become  so  acute  and  the  losses  to  merchant 
ships  so  great,  it  became  necessary  to  adopt  more  effei:'tive  methods  of  handling  merchant  shipping,  in 
order  that  a  greater  degree  of  safety  should  be  afforded.  The  system  of  convoying  s'ups  was  adopted. 
VVhile  this  .slowed  up  shipping  fully  20  per  cent,  and  incrcasid  the  dangers  of  collision  and  other 
difficulties,  experience  has  amply  justified  the  wi.sdom  of  the  policy.  The  convoy  system,  the  adoption 
of  which  was  suggested  by  President  Wilson  shortly  after  our  entrance  into  the  war,  was  applied  to 
both  cargo  and  troop  ships  and  its  success  was  almost  immediately  apparent.  It  con.sisted  in  gatliering 
together  certain  numbers  of  vessels,  sailing  at  regular  intervals  along  established  lanes,  under  the  guard 
of  heavier  ships  to  protect  against  raiders,   and  destroyers  to  protect  against  .submarines. 

This  system  went  into  effect  with  the  first  of  our  troop  convoys,  which  crossed  in  June,  1917,  and 
has  continued  ever  since,  to  the  day  the  armistice  was  signed.  It  had  much  to  do  with  breaking  the 
back  of  the  submarine  offensive,  for  it  deprived  the  U  boat  of  the  benefit  he  derived  from  attacking 
individual,  unprotected  ships  and  forced  him  to  devote  his  efforts,  for  the  most  part,  to  ships  which 
were  protected  by  destroyers.  To  engage  with  a  convoy,  the  submarine  was  forced  to  enter,  the  danger 
?one  and   freauently  it   was  he   and  not   otir   ships  which   became   the   victim. 

In  these  convoy  efforts,  all  our  destroyers,  our  armed  cruisers,  oiu'  smaller  cruisrrs.  and  later  the 
old  battleships  of  our  fleet,  have  been  engaged,  continuously,  winter  and  summer.  It  has  been  hard, 
grinding  work,  but  tiiat  it  was  well  done  is  attested  by  the  fact  tliat  two  million  troops  were  sent  aljroad. 
with  not  the  loss  by  enemy  action  of  a  single  east-bound  ship  carrying  troops  under  the  protection  of 
our  forces. 

The  history  of  the  convoy  operations  in  which  our  naval  forces  have  taken  part,  due  to  which  we 
have  been  able  so  successfully  to  transport  suoh  a  large  number  of  our  military  forces  abroad,  i'ud  so 
many  supplies  for  the  army,  is  a  chapter  in  itself.  It  is  jirobably  otir  major  operation  in  this  war  and 
will,  m  the  future,  stand  as  a  monument  to  both  the  army  and  the  na\y,  as  the  greatest  and  most 
difficult  troop  transporting  effort  which  has  ever  been  conducted  across  seas.  The  work  is  not  finished. 
The  bringing  of  our  forces  back  is  still  a  naval  pioblem,  and  it  will  be  undertaken  with  the  same  spirit 
which  characterized  the  transportation  and -convoy  of  our  troops  to   Europe. 

PROTECTION    OF    OIL    SUPPLIES   FROM    THE   GULF. 

To  forestall  enemy  svibmarine  operation  in  the  Gulf  and  Caribbean,  a  force  was  established  called 
the  American  Patrol  Force,  and  its  headquarters  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Key  West.  Wliile  the  co.istwise 
shipping  could  be  adequately  iirotected  by  routing  clo.se  along  our  coast,  the  problem  became  a  different 
one  the  instant  it  entered  the  Gulf  and  Caribbean  areas,  and  it  was  this  problem  and  the  problem  of 
.antisubmarine  operations  which  the  American  patrol  detachment  had  to  imdertake.  As  was  foreseen, 
the  protection  of  the  oil  supplies  from  the  Gulf  to  our  own  coast  and  then  abroad  were  quite  vital  to 
the  success  of  the  general  campaign,  and  these  supplies  the  patrol  detachment  was  prepared  to  safeguard 
by  adopting   at  once   the   conioy   system   the   instant  they   were   threatened. 

NAVAL    OVERSEAS   TRANSPORTATION    SERVICE. 

On  January  9,  1918,  the  Naval  Overseas  Transportation  Service  was  established,  owing  to  the  foreseen 
neces.sity  to  expeditiously  supply  the  naval  forces  in  foreign  waters  and  to  assist  the  army  if  necessary 
with  their  tremendous  task  of  transporting  and  supplying  the  American  Expeditionary  Force  in  France. 
This  organization  sprang  into  bemg  almost  overnight,  and  has  proved  its  right  to  be  reckoned  as  one 
of  the  most  important  and   successful   operations  of  the  navy. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  lack  of  an  American  merchant  marine  was  immediately  felt.  The 
United  States  Shipping  Board  was  authorized,  and  the  vast  task  of  creating  a  merchant  marine  was 
undertaken.  The  United  States  was  without  a  sufficiently  large  trained  merchant  marine  personnel,  as 
the  seagoing  population  of  this  country  was  small  compared  to  that  which  followed  the  pursuits  on  shore. 
The  difficulty  of  obtaining  this  trained  personnel  to  man  the  vast  American  merchant  marine  was 
immediately  felt,  and  the  Nai-y  Department  was  ready  to  assist  in  every  way.  It  was  asked  to  man 
immediately  two  vessels,  in  order  to  hasten  their  departure  overseas,  and  from  this  inception  the  Naval 
Overseas  Transportation  Service  has  grown  in  10  months  to  a  fleet  of  321  cargo-carrying  ships  aggregating 
a  dead-weight  tonnage  of  2.800.000.  and  commercially  nearly  equalling  the  combined  Cunard,  Hamburg- 
American  and  North  German  Lloyd  Lines  at  the  outhreak  of  the  war.  Of  this  number  227  ships 
L'cpresented  vessels  previously   in   operation.     From  the  Emer.i(ency   Fleet  Corporation   the  navy  has  taken 


Achievements  of  the  U.  S.  Navy  in  the  War — Continued.     717 


over  for  operatigp  PI  Fessels,  aserfnathiR  700,000  doad-weight  tons.  Ou  March  21,  191S,  by  order  of 
the  President,  l&l  Dutch  merrhant  vessels  were  taken  over  by  the  Navy  Department  pending  their 
allocation  to  the  various  vital  trades  of  this  country,  and  26  of  these  vessels  are  now  a  part  of  the 
naval  overseas  fleet.  This  vast  flett  of  cirao  vessels  has  been  officered  and  manned  through  enrolment 
of  the  seagoing  personnel  of  the  American  merchant  marine,  officers  and  men  of  the  United  States  Navy, 
and  the  assignment  after  training  of  graduates  of  technical  schools  and  training  stations,  developed 
bv  the  na^T  since  the  United  States  entered  the  war. 

There  are  required  for  the  operation  of  tliis  fleet  at  the  present  time  5,000  officers  and  29,000 
enlist'.'d  men.  and  adequate  arrangements  for  future  needs  of  personnel  have  been  provided.  »  The  navy 
has  risen  to  the  exacting  demands  imposed  upon  it  by  the  war,  and  it  will  certiiiiiily  be  a  source  of 
pride  to  the  American  people  to  know  that  within  10  months  of  the  time  that  this  new  force  was 
created,  in  spite  of  the  mai.v  obstacles  in  the  way  of  its  accomplishment,  an  Amrricau  naval  vessel, 
manned  by  an  American  naval  crew,  leaves  an  American  port  on  the  average  of  every  five  hours,  carrying 
subsist  nee  and  equipment  so  vital  to  the  American  Expeditionary  Force.  I  would  be  derelict  In  my 
duty  luiless  I  expressed  my  keenest  appreciation  and  heartiest  admiration  for  those  men  of  the  Naval 
Overseas  Transportation  Service  who  have  traveled  the  lonely  lanes  of  the  ocean,  whicli  have  been  for 
so  loug  infested  with  the  menacing  submarine.  These  terrors  have  not  been  regarded  as  terrors  by  this 
personnel.  They  have  braved  tlie  dangers  most  willingly  and  have  thereby  exemplified  the  best  traditions 
of  the  navy  of  the.  United  States.  In  the  many  engagements  with  the  enemy  submarines  our  fleet  has 
necessarily  suffered,  but  it  is  believed  that  the  losses  of  the  enemy  ha\e  been  relatively  much  greater 
than   ours. 

The  high-power  radio  sei-vice  of  the  navj'  has  made  gi'eat  progress  during  the  past  year.  On  the 
Atlantic  Coast  the  navy  has  completed  and  is  operating  its  new  high-power  station  at  Annapolis,  JId., 
in  addition  to  those  already  in  service.  It  is  now  possible  to  transmit  messages  simultaneously  from 
four  high-power  radio  stations  to  Euiopcan  stations  and  at  the  same  time  receive  despatches  from  several 
European  stations. 

OABIJE   CENSOHSHIV. 

Tlio  censorship  of  the  cables  has  been  officially  conducted  by  a  well  co-ordinated  organization,  whose 
officers  and  men  have  attacked  a  diffifult  ti.sk  with  ability  and  zeal.  The  office  of  the  chief  cable 
censor,  which  administers  and  regulates  cable  censorship  as  a  whole,  is  in  the  Navv'  Department;  and 
local  stations,  where  the  actual  censoring  of  cablegrams  is  for  the  most  part  done,  are  maintained  at  the 
points  of  cable  landings  within  the  United  States  and  its  territorial  possessions. 

NAVAL  LOSSES  CAUSED  BY  StTBJIAKlNE  WAliFARE. 

Sj;ico  this  country  entered  the  war  practically  all  the  enemy's  naval  forces,  except  the  submarines, 
have  been  blockaded  in  his  ports  by  the  naval  forces  of  the  Allies,  and  there  has  been  no 
opportiuiity  for  naval  engagements  of  a  major  character.  Tlie  enemy's  submarines  hn\e.  however,  formed 
a  continual  menace  to  the  safety  of  all  our  transports  and  shipping,  necessit.tliiig  the  use  of  every 
effectiio  means  and  the  utmost  vigilance  for  the  protection  of  our  vessels.  ConcT>ntrated  attack  was  made 
by  enemy  U  boats  on  the  ships  which  carried  the  first  contingent  of  our  troops  to  Europe,  and  all  that 
have  gone  since  have  faced  this  liability  to  attaclc. 

Our  destroyers  and  patrol  vessels,  in  addition  to  convoy  duty,  have  waged  an  unceasing  offensive 
warfiire  against  the  submarines,  in  spite  of  all  this,  our  naval  losses  have  been  gratifyingly  small.  Nut 
cue  American  troop  ship,  as  jireviously  stated,  has  been  torpedoed  on  the  way  to  France,  and  but  three, 
the  Antilles,  the  President  Lincoln  and  the  Covington,  were  sunk  on  the  return  loyage. 

On'y  three  fighting  ships  have  been  lost  a-s  a  result  of  enemy  action— the  patrol  siiip  Alcedo,  a  con- 
verted vacht,  sunk  off  the  coast  of  France  Nov.  5,  1917;  the  torpedo  boat  destroyer  .tacob  .Tones,  smik  off 
the  British  toast  Dec.  C,  1917,  and  the  cruiser  San  Diego,  sunk  near  Fire  Island,  off  the  New  York  coast, 
on  July  19,  1918,  by  striking  a  mine  supposedly  set  adrift  by  a  German  submarine.  The  transport  Fin- 
land and  the  destroyer  Cassin,  which  were  torpedoed,  reached  port  and  were  soon  repaired  and  placed 
back  in  service.  The  transjwrt  Jlount  Vernon,  strtich  tiy  a  torpedo  on  Sept.  5  last,  proceeded  to  port 
under  its  own  steam  and  was  repalix'd.  „   ,        ,. 

Detailed  accoimts  of  these  losses,  •.md  of  the  courage,  endurance  and  perfect  pev.'orniance  of  duty  by 
officers  and  men,  appears  as  Apiieiulix  P  to  this  report. 

■j'l^c  most  serious  loss  of  life  due  to  enemy  activity  was  the  loss  of  the  Coast.  Guard  cutter  Tampa, 
with  -ill  on  board,  in  Bristol  Channel.  England,  on  the  night  of  Sept.  20,  1918.  Tlie  Tampa,  which 
was  (i.-ing  escort  duty,  had  gone  ahead  of  the  convoy.  Vessels  following  heard  an  explosion,  but  when 
thev  i cached  the  vicinity  tiiere  were  only  bits  of  floating  wreckage  to  show  wheie  tlie  ship  hp.d  goMc 
down  Not  one  of  the  111  officers  and  men  of  her  crew  were  rescued;  and.  thoug!i  it  is  bcliewed  slio 
was  .sunk  by  a   torpedo   from  an  enemy   submarine,   tlie  exact  manner  in   whicli   the   vessel   met  her  fato 

mav  never  be  known.  ,  ,        „   .,  .,        ...,_      j.  i     , 

Tliere  has  been  no  more  baffling  mysteiy  ni  the  amials  of  the  navy  than  the  disappearance  last 
March  of  the  U  S  S.  Cvciops.  na\-i  collier  of  19,000  tons  displacemejit,  with  all  on  board.  Loaded 
with  a,  cargo  of  manganese,  with  S7  pu-ssengers,  20  officers  and  a  crew  of  213  aboard,  the  collier  was 
due  in  port  on  March  13.  On  March  4  the  Cyclops  reported  at  Barbados,  British  West  Indies,  where 
she  put  in  for  bmiker  coal.  Since  licr  depniture  from  that  port  there  has  not  been  a  trace  of  the  vessel. 
and  long  continued  and  vigilant  searoh  or  Ihy  ciiliie  legion  proved  utterly  futile,  not  a  vestige  of 
wrecka'-e  having  been  discovered.  No  reasonable  ex;)la>iation  of  the  strange  divapiiearanee  can  be  given. 
It  is  known  that  one  of  her  two  engines  was  damaged  and  that  she  was  proceeding  at  reduced  speed, 
but  e'en  if  the  other  engine  had  bceonie  disabled  ;t  would  not  have  had  any  effect  on  her  ability  to 
communicate  by  radio.  Manv  theories  have  been  advanced,  but  none  that  seems  to  account  satisfactorily 
for  the  ship's  complete  vanishment.  After  months  of  search  and  waiting  the  Cyclops  was  finally  given 
up  as  lost  and  her  name  stricken  from  the  registix 

VESSELS  CONTRACTED  FOR  DURING  THE  YEAR. 

During  the  vear,  including  orders  placed  at  navy  yards,  the  folloning  have  been  contracted  for: 
Pour  battleships,"  one  battle  crui:K'r.  two  fuel  ships,  one  transport,  one  gungoat,  one  ammunition  ship. 
223  destroyers,  58  submarines,  112  fabricated  patrol  vessels  (including  12  for  the  Italian  Government) 
92  submarine  chasers  (including  50  for  the  Frunch  Government),  51  mine  sweeperS;  2o  «^»eoii^  tugs  ancl 
46  harbor  tugs,  besides  a  large  nnmoer  of  lighters,  barges  and  ot.ier  auxiliary  harno.;  <■''{,"•„ '"^ddition 
to  this,  contracts  have  been  placed  for  12  large  fuel  sh-ps  m  conjunction  witn  the  Emergency  Fleet 
Corporation.  ^.^  ^^,^..^  LAUNCHED  IT  TO  OCT.   1. 

Ships  launched  dming  tlie  year  :>,u!  nn  to  Oct  1.  1918.  inrfuoo  one  gun'^or.t.  91  fftroyers  29 
submarines,  26  mine  sweepers,  four  f.ibi icated  patrol  vessels  and  '^^■■■;,-'"^«'i', V*^ . '■It"  „  '^  nf  <ta  9rT  tons 
that  in  the  first  nine  months  of  1918  there  were  launched  no  Isss  than  Sc  UesLvojer^  of  »»,.i8i  ions 


718      Achievements  of  the  U.  S.  Navy  in  the  War— Confirmed. 


aggregate  noriual  displaceiment,  as  compared  with  62  destroyers  of  S8,28S  tons  during  the  entire  nine 
jears  next  preceding  Jan.   1,   1918. 

There  have  been  added  to  the  na»y  during  the  fiscal  year  and  including  the  three  mouths  up  to 
Oct.  1,  1918,  two  battleships,  36  destroyers,  28  submarines,  355  submarine  chasers  (including  50  which 
weie  turned  over  to  the  li'rench  Go\eniment),  13  mine  sweepers  and  two  seagoing  tugs  There  have  also 
been  added  to  the  operatiug  naval  forces  by  purchase,  charter,  &c.,  many  hundred  vessels  Of  comjnercial 
type,  including  all  classes  from  ex-German  transatlantic  liners  to  harbor  tugboats  and  motor  boats 
for  auxiliary  ptirposes, 

RECORDS  BROKEN  IN  DESTllOYEK  CONSTRUCTION. 

Among  the  ships  added,  mention  should  be  made  of  the  destroyer  Ward,  built  at  the  Nayy  Vard, 
Mare  Island,  Cal  ,  in  the  remarltably  short  time  of  70  days  from  the  lajing  of  the  keel  to  the  iilftcing 
f.f  the  ship  in  commission.  Only  17%  day.s  elapsed  from  the  day  the  keel  was  laid  imtU  the  ship  was 
l:i\mehed.  This  result  was  achieved  by  most  careful  system  of  routing  materials  and  handling  l:il)or, 
worked  out  by  that  yard  in  conjunction  with  its  programme  of  destroyers  now  under  construction. 

In  addition  to  new  ships  completed,  there  was  a  veiT  large  amount  of  work  in  refitting  ex-Geiman 
and  Austrian  ships  for  war  uses  and  in  fitting  up  both  commandeeied  merchantmen  and  new  meidiant 
jiiiips  as  completed. 

NOTABLE  ACHIEVEJIENTS  IN  ORDINANCE. 

One  of  the  great  achievements  of  the  navy  during  the  past  year  was  the  design  and  construction  of 
the  14-inch  naval  guns  on  railway  mountings  now  on  tlie  westera  front,  which  hiu-led  shells  far  behind 
The  German  lines.  The  mount  was  designed,  built  and  diUvered  in  less  than  four  mouths.  On  Dec.  26, 
11117,  not  a  drawing  had  been  started.  On  April  25,  1S)18,  a  completed  gim  was  rolling  on  its  owi 
wheels  to  Sandy  Hook  Pro\ing  Groimd  for  long-range  ttsis. 

These  guns  were  originally  intended  for  the  new  battle  cnijsers,  but  a  change  of  ship  design  left  ll>em 
available  for  other  use.  As  the  navT  had  no  imnfcdiate  need  for  them  afloat.  Rear  Admiral  Kalph 
Earle,  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance,  recommended  tliat  they  be  utilized  for  land  senice  witli  our 
armv  in  France.  It  was  more  than  good  fortune  that  in  these  testing  times  the  navy  had  Admiral  K.tile. 
one  of  the  ablest  and  fittest  officers,  in  direction  of  great  ordnance  plans  and  operations.  With  a  staff 
of  men  of  like  mettle,  acliievements  have  been  made  that  will  always  live 

It  was  realized  that  to  be  most  effective  the  lailway  batt«iy  must  be  completely  mobile  and  inde- 
pendent of  any  permanent  artillery  base.  Tlie  gmis  themselves  were  mounted  on  cars  which  could  move 
freely  over  the  French  railways.  It  was  necessary  to  make  the  repair  sliops  and  barracks  foi  the  peisomiel 
mobile.  Twelve  cars  were  constructed  to  accompany  each  gun.  There  were  machine  shop  cats,  armored 
ammtmition  oars,  kitchen  cars,  berthing,  crane  and  wiielcss  cars.  These  cars,  as  well  as  the  guu  moviiits. 
were  all  built  and  equipped  under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of  Oidnance.  This  battery  is  sufficiently 
mobile  so  that  were  an  order  to  move  position  received  while  the  gim  was  iu  actiMi,  gun,  peisonnel, 
kitchen,  fuel,  berthing  cars  and  all  could  be  \uider  way  in  about  an  liour. 

The  na\'al  land  batteiies  fire  heavier  projectiles  and  liave  greater  range  tfian  any  gun  ever  before 
placed  on  mobile  shore  motmtiuc.  The  German  long  lauge  "freak"  guns  which  fired  on  Palis  were  non- 
mobile.  They  were  built  on  pennanent  steel  and  concrete  foimdations  which  were  eventTially  sought  out 
by  Allied  aeroplanes  and  the  guns  subsequently  silenced.  The  shells  were  small  and  specially  built  for 
long  flight.  This  fact  reduced  their  military  efficiency.  The  German  long  range  guns,  wliile  they  liad  a 
certain  moral  effect,  were  without  great  practical  military  value  The  American  na-.al  guns  fire  pro- 
jectiles appio-ximately  .'■even  times  heavier  than   the  shells  the  Goimaus  used  .against  Paiis 

In  1916  the  Germans  had  one  15-inch  na\al  gim  in  Flandei.s,  which  became  famous  tlirough  its  long 
range  bombardment  of  Dimkirk  and  other  Allied  bases.  This  gun  was  on  a  permanent  foimdatinn  and 
could  not  be  shifted  from  point  to  point  on  the  front.  Our  14-i>ich  gun  can  move  from  one  L-nd  of 
France  to  the  other,  and  it  hmls  a  projectile  a  distance  of  appioximately  30  miles   (52,000  yards) 

In  the  futme  American  dreadnoughts  and  battle  cruisers  will  be  armed  with  a  lii-inch  gun,  the 
first  of  which  had  been  tested  during  the  year  and  which  proved  entinently  satisfactory  in  every  respt-ct. 
'i'hesd  guns  will  make  those  ships  the  heaviest  arined  vessels  ui  the  world.  Tiiis  gtm  throws  a  projectile 
weighing  2,100  poimds.  At  present  our  largest  battleships  moimt  H-inch  guns,  which  thiow  a  projectile 
weighing  only  1.400  poimds.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  bioadside  weights  haie  trebled  within  the 
space  of  twenty  years. 

The  total  weight  of  steel  thrown  by  a  single  broadside  from  ships  armed  with  IG-inch  feuns  will  be 
25,200  pounds;  that  of  the  Pennsylvania,  the  largest  type  of  ship  in  commission,  is  17,50S  pounds,  while 
the  total  weight  thrown  by  tlie  Oitgon.  the  laigest  sliip  at  tlie  time  cf  the  Spauish-Amirican  Wai,  was 
5,060  pomids. 

DEPTH    CHARGE    MOST    KPFECTIVK    A.NTI-SUBA^VRIJCE    WEAPON 

Tlie  successful  operation  of  the  dejith  cliarge  and  the  development  of  tactics  for  atlacking  submarines 
with  them  liave  been  the  mcst  potej<  factois  in  the  solution  of  the  Gennan  submarine  menace.  These 
diaiges  are  now  being  pi'oduced  in  quantities  considerably  in  excess  of  the  needs  of  our  navy  and  mer- 
rliaut  fleet,  and  so  tremeainous  is  their  dosiiuctire  quaJity  and  so  thoroughly  has  stratfg)'  for  their  use 
been  developed,  that  it  is  a  lucky  .submarine  wliich  shovrs  itself  or  its  periscope  within  view  of  a  destroyer 
aud  survives  tlie  subsequent  bombaidment 

THE  NAVY  TH.\T  FIJES 
Of  gratifying  proportions  and  effectiveness  have  been  the  expansion  of  aviation  in  tUo  nav7 
On  July  1,  1917,  naval  aviation  was  still  in  its  infancy.  At  that  time  there  were  only  45  naval 
lalators.  There  were  officers  of  the  navy.  Marine  Corjjs  and  Coast  Guard  who  had  been  given  special 
tiaining  ^n  and  were  attaclitd  to  aviation.  There  were  approximately  200  student  officers  under  training 
and  abotu  1,250  enlisted  men  attached  to  the  Aviation  Service.  Those  enlisted  men  were  a.ssignsd  to 
ihe  three  naval  air  stations  in  this  ceunti'y  wliich  were  tlicn  in  commission  Pensocola,  Fla.,  had  alxiut 
1.000  men;  Bay  Shore,  Long  Island.  N.  T..  wliicli  was  put  in  operation  at  tliat  time,  havl  about  100  men; 
and  Squantuin,  Jlass.,  wJiich  was  abandoned  in  the. fall  of  1917,  had  about  130  men. 

On  July  1,  1918,  there  were  S2:i  naial  aviatois,  approximately  2,052  student  officer.s.and  400  groiiiid 
officers  attached  to  naval  .aviation  In  addition,  theie  v.cro  over  7,300  trained  mechanics  and  over  .'),400 
mechanics  iu  training.     Tlie  total  fnlisted  and  conimissloncd  personnel  at  this  lime  was  about  30,000. 

MARINE  CORPS  WINS  GLORY. 
This  efficient  fighting,  building  and  landing  force  of  the  naiy  has  won  imperishable  glory  in  the 
fulfilment  of  its  latest  duties  upon  the  battle  fields  of  France,  where  tlie  marines,  fighting  for  the 
time  under  Gen.  Persliing  as  a  part  of  the  lictorious  Anieiican  Aimy,  have  written  a  stoiy  of  valor  and 
.•^.icrifice  that  will  live  in  the  biiglitest  annals  of  tlie  \\;:r  With  heroism  tiiat  nothing  could  daunt, 
the  Marine  Coits  nlavcd  a  vital  role  in  stimming  tlie  C'cnnan   ii!.>;1i   on  I'iivis    and  iu   Inter  <lnvK  aided 


Deaths  in  U.  S.  Navy  from  ''War  Causes"  1,233.  719 

ACHIEVEMENTS  OF  THE  U.  S.  NAVY  IN  THE  WAR— ConMsued. 

in  tlie  begiuniug  of  tlie  great  offensive,  the  freeing  of  Rlieiiiis,  and  paiticipatod  in  the  hard  figlitlng  In 
ChaiiiDagne,  which  had  as  its  object  the  tluowing  back  of  the  Prussian  Armies  in  the  ricinity  of  Catnbrai 
and  St.  Quentin. 

With  only  8,000  men  engaged  .in  the  fiercest  battles,  the  Marine  Corps  casualties  numbered  69  officers 
and  1,531  enlisted  men  dead  and  78  officers  and  2.4o5  enlisted  men  woimded  seiriously  enough  to  be 
officially  reported  by  cabli'giani,  to  which  inunber  slioiild  be  added  not  a  few  whose  woimds  did  not 
incapacitate  them  for  fiuUiei  figliting.  Howe\cr,  with  a  casualty  list  that  numbers  nearly  half  the 
original  8,000  men  who  entered  battle,  the  official  reports  account  for  only  57  United  States  Marines 
who  have  been  captured  by  the  enemy.  This  includes  those  who  were  wounded  far  in  advance  of  their 
lines  and  who  fell  into  the  hands  of  Germans  while  luiable  to  resist. 

The  advance  of  the  Germans  was  across  a  wheat  field,  driving  at  Hill  1C5  and  advancing  in  smooth 
columns.  The  United  States  Marines,  tramtd  to  keen  observation  upon  the  rifle  range,  nearly  every  one 
of  them  wearing  a  marksman's  medal,  or  better,  iliat  of  the  sharpshooter  or  expert  riflemen,  did  not 
wait  for  those  gray-clad  hordes  to  ad\ance  nearer.  Calmly  they  set  their  sights  and  aimed  with  the 
same,  inecision  that  they  had  shown  upon  the  rifle  ranges  at  Paris  Island,  Mare  Island  and  Quantico. 
Incessantly  their  rifles  cracked,  and  with  their  fire  came  the  stip))ort  of  the  artillery.  The  niachine  gun 
fire,  incessant  also,  began  to  make  its  inroads  upon  the  ad\anring  forces.  Closer  and  closer  the  shrapnel 
burst  to  its  targets.  Caught  in  a  seething  wave  of  machine  gun  fire,  of  scattering  shrapnel,  of  accurate 
rifle  fire,  the)  Germans  found  themsehcs  in  a  position  in  which  further  advance  could  only  mean  abso- 
lute suicide.  The  lines  hesitated.  They  stopped.  ThPV  broke  for  cover,  while  the  marines  raked  the 
woods  and  ravines  in  which  they  had  taken  refuge  with  machine  gmi  and  rifle  to  jirevent  them  making 
another  attempt  to  advance  by  infiltrating  through.  Above,  a  French  airplane  was  checking  up  on  the 
artillery  fire.  Surprised  by  the  fact  that  men  shoiUd  dclil)i'ratcly  set  tlieir  sightfe,  adjust  their  range 
and  then  fire  deliberately  at  an  advanchig  foe,  each  man  pickins  his  target,  instead  of  firing  merely  in 
the  direction  of  the  enemy,  the  a\iator  signalled  below  "15ra\o!"  In  the  rear  that  word  was  echoed 
again  and  again.     The  German  drive  on  Paris  had  been   stopped. 

in  all  the  history  of  Ihc  Marine  Corps  there  is  no  such  battle  as  that  one  in  Belleau  Wood.  Fight- 
hig  dav  and  niglit  without  relief,  without  sleep,  often  without  water,  and  for  days  without  hot  rations, 
the  marines  met  and  defcatcil  the  best  cUxisions  that  Germany  could  throw  into  the  line.  The  heroism 
a,nd  doggedness  of  that  battle  are  \ui paralleled.  Time)  afer  time  officers  seeing  their  lines  cut  to  pieces, 
seeing  their  men  so  dog  tired  that  thej'  even  fell  asleep  mider  shell  fire,  hearing  their  wounded  calling 
for  the  water  that  they  were  imable  to  EUi)ply.  seeing  mdn  fight  on  after  they  had  been  wounded  and 
until  they  dropi)ed  unconscious;  time  after  time  officers  seeing  these  things,  believing  that  the  very 
limit  of  luiman  endurance  had  been  reached,  would  send  back  messages  to  their  post  command  that  their 
men  wt're  exhausted.  But  in  answer  to  this  would  come  the  word  that  the  lines  must  hold,  and  if  pos- 
sible tiiose  lines  must  attacli.  And  the  lines  obeyed.  Without  water,  without  food,  without  rest,  they 
went  forward — and  forward  every  time  to  victory.  Companies  had  been  so  torn  and  lacerated  by  losses 
that  tliey  were  hardly  platoons;  but  they  held  their  lines  and  adianced  them.  In  more  than  one  case 
companies  lost  ciery  officer,  leaving  a  Sergeant  and  sometimes  a  Corporal  to  command,  and  the  advance 
continued.  After  thirteen  dajs  in  this  inftmo  of  fire  a  captured  German  officer  told  with  his  dying 
breath  of  a  fresh  division  of  Germans  that  was  about  to  be  thrown  into  the  battle  to  attempt 
to  wrest  from  the  marines  that  part  of  the  wood  they  had  gained.  The  marines,  who  for  days  had  been 
fighting  only  on  their  sheer  nerve,  who  had  been  worn  out  from  nights  of  sleeplessness,  from  lack  of 
rations.'  from  terrific  shell  and  macliine  giui  fire,  straightened  tlicir  lines  and  prepared  for  the  attack. 
It  came— as  the  dying  German  officer  had  predicted. 

GKIt.MAX  CRACK  TROOPS   REPULSED  AND  BEATEN. 

>t  2  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  June  la  it  was  launched  by  the  Germans  along  the  whole  front. 
VVithoiit  regaid  foi'  men,  the  enemy  hinled  his  forces  against  Bouresches  and  the  Bois  de  Belleau  and 
sought  to  win  back  what  had  been  taken  from  the  Germans  by  the  Americans.  The  orders  were  that 
these  insitlons  must  be  taken  at  all  costs:  that  the  utmost  losses  in  men  must  be  endured;  that  the  Bois 
de  Belleau  and  Bouresches  might  fall  again  into  German  hands.  But  tl>e  depleted  lines  of  the  marines 
held-  the  men  who  had  fougflit  on  their  nerve  alone  for  days  once  more  showed  the  mettle  of  which  they 
were  made.  With  their  backs  to  the  trees  and  boulders  of  the  Bois  de  BeUeau;  with  their  sole  shelter 
the  scattered  ruins  or  Bouresches,  the  thinning  lines  of  the  marines  rebelled  the  attack  and  crashed 
back  the  new  di\isiou  which  had  sought  to  wrest  the  position,  from  them. 

And  so  it  went.  Day  after  day,  night  after  niglit,  while  time  after  time  messages  like  the  following 
travelled  to  the  po.st  command: 

"T,osses  iieavy.  Difficult  to  get  runners  through.  Some  have  never  returned.  Morale  excellent, 
but   troops   about   all   in.      Men   e-xhausted." 

K.\-hausted  but  holding  on.  And  thry  continued  to  hold  on  in  spite  of  every  difficidty.  Advancing 
their  'lines  slowly  day  by  dav,  tlie  marines  finally  prepared  their  positions  to  such  an  extent  that  the 
last  rtish  for  the  possession  of  the  wood  could  be  made.  Then,  on  June  24,  foUowiug  a  tremendous 
barrage,  the  struggle  began. 

The  barrage  literally  tore  the  woods  to  pieces,  but  even  its  immensity  cotdd  not  wipe  out  all  tlie 
nests  that  remained;  the  emplacements  that  were  behind  almost  every  cliunp  of  bushes,  every  jaggexl, 
rough  group  of  boulders.  But  those  that  remained  were  wiped  out  by  the  Amencau  method  of  the 
rush  and  the  bayonet,  and  in  the  days  that  followed  evelry  foot  of  Belleau  \\ood  was  cleared  of  Uie 
enemy  and  held  by  the  frayed  lines  of  the  Americans. 


DEATHS   IN   U.   S.    NAVY   FROM   "WAR    CAUSES,"  1,233. 

Deaths  in  the  navy  from  "war  causes"  totalled  1,233,.  Surgeon -General  Braisted  on  November  26. 
191S  tod  the  House  Naval  Committee..  No  figures  were  given  as  to  deaths  from  disease  The  bomes 
of  vrtually  all  navy  men  dying  in  foreign  service,  the  Surgeon-General  .said,  have  I'een  re'"f?,t'i  J\°^!- 
He  ™d  Vere  were  1,-5,000  patients  in  naval  .hospitals  and  that  histUytions  »'  New  Yorl^  Ph  ladelph.a, 
Boston  and  Norfolk  were  crowded.  Appropriations  for  the  Navy  Medical  Department  of  $15,000,000. 
Bslred  for  iinder  plans  for  continuing  the  war,  were  reduced  to  $9,200,000  by  the  eurgeon-General. 


no 


Estimate  of  Strength  of  Austrian  Navy. 


THE    NEW    AMERICAN    MERCHANT    MARINE. 

(By  the  Department  of  Commerce,  October,  1918.) 
VfcssEis  built  In  the  United  States  (including  those  for  our  French  alfies)  and  ofBclaUy  numbered  by 
the  Commerce  Department,  Bureau  of  Navigation,  during  September,  numbered  170  of  308.470  gross  tons, 
a  greater  tonnage  than  was  built  during  the  whole  fiscal  year  1915  or  1912  or  1911  or  1909,  but  not  half 
enough  to  supply  and  maintain  the  American  troops  sent  overseas  during  the  month.  During  the  nine 
months  ended  September  30  the  total  is  1,357  vessels  of  1,722,730  gross  tons,  and  during  the  twelve  mouths 
ended  September  30,  the  total  is  l,fJ81  of  2,013,204  gross  tons,  or  70  per  cent,  of  the  whole  world's  greatest 
output  In  1913,  but  much  over  double  this  tonnage  was  requu-ed  to  transport  and  supply  the  American 
troops  sent  overseas. _^ 


Months. 


July... 

August 

September. 
October . . . 
November. 
December . 

Total. 


1916. 


January. 
February. 
March .  . . 

April 

May 

June 


1917. 


Total. 

July 

August 

September. 
October. . . 
November. 
December . 

Total . 


Total,  1917 
1918. 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 


Total. 


July 

August 

Sentember. 


SEAGOING, 

Seagoing, 

Seagoing, 

NON- 

Steel. 

Wood. 

TOTAL. 

Seagoikg. 

Grand  Total. 

No. 

Gr'sTon. 

No. 

Gr'sTon. 

No. 

Gr'sTon. 

No. 

Gr'sTon. 

No. 

Gr's  Ton. 

4 

9.826 

3 

1,784 

7 

11,610 

114 

19,121 

12) 

30,731 

5 

22,479 

5 

3,168 

10 

25,647 

114 

27,121 

124 

52,768 

5 

25,552 

5 

2.632 

10 

28.184 

«4 

10.239 

94 

38.423 

15 

37,770 

7 

14,238 

22 

52,008 

95 

18,224 

117 

70,232 

20 

66,429 

3 

2,644 

23 

69,073 

86 

21.563 

109 

90,636 

4 

18,385 

2 

1,296 

6 

19,681 

81 

18,205 

87 

37,886 

53 

180,441 

25 

25,762 

78 

206,203 

574 

114,473 

652 

320,676 

10 

52,082 

6 

6,672 

16 

58,754 

83 

14,842 

09 

73,595 

4 

18,779 

5 

6.777 

9 

25,550 

63 

11,448 

72 

37,004 

6 

38,553 

5 

5,448 

11 

44,001 

126 

15.110 

VAl 

59,111 

8 

44,653 

11 

22,570 

19 

67,223 

148 

11,822 

167 

79.045 

11 

36,086 

10 

33,004 

30 

69,090 

162 

22,137 

192 

91.227 

22 

97,908 

9 

31,216 

31 

129,124 

196 

22.877 

227 

152,001 

61 

288,061 

55 

105,687 

116 

393,748 

778 

98,235 

894 

491,983 

14 

54,891 

7 

14.113 

21 

69,004 

184 

20,148 

205 

89,152 

9 

46,716 

14 

12,155 

23 

58,871 

152 

27.171 

175 

86.042 

9 

35,073 

12 

12,513 

21 

47,586 

80 

28,999 

101 

70.585 

13 

44,420 

22 

35,879 

35 

80,299 

87 

10,386 

122 

90,685 

19 

50,660 

11 

10,872 

30 

61,532 

<S7 

15.736 

117 

77,268 

17 

85.917 

16 

20.611 

33 

106,528 

52 

16.053 

85 

122,581 

81 

317,677 

82 

106,143 

163 

423,820 

642 

118,493 

805 

542,313 

142 

605,738 

137 

211,830 

279 

817,568 

1,420 

216.728. 

1.699 
57 

1,034,296 

12 

53,748 

6 

6,468 

18 

60.216 

39 

4.579 

64.795 

17 

94,242 

14 

17.874 

31 

112,116 

53 

5,485 

S4 

117.601 

29 

115,040 

12 

20,776 

41 

135,816 

97 

11.329 

138 

147,145 

31 

130,637 

15 

21,017 

46 

151,654 

119 

11.396 

165 

163,050 

40 

157,598 

13 

16,453 

53 

174,051 

132 

20,413 

185 

194,464 

42 

163,034 

16 

26,985 

68 

190.019 

130 

-  11.406 

188 

201.425 

171 

714,299 

76 

109,573 

247 

823,872 

570 

C4,60S 

817 

888,480 

37 

146,981 

38 

72,727 

75 

219,708 

118 

10.223 

193 

229,931 

49 

191,102 

39 

91,997 

88 

283,099 

89 

12,750 

177 

295,849 

4(5 

177,765 

54 

123,668 

100 

301,433 

70 

7.037 

170 

308.470 

The  steel  ship  flgures  for  May,  1918,  include  one  cement  vessel  of  3,427  gross  tons.  Ti\e  nou-seagoing 
figures  for  July,  1918,  Include  one  cement  vessel  of  325  tons. 

Of  the  vessels  built  in  the  United  States  in  the  nine  months  ending  September  30,  1918.  Atlantic 
AND  GULP  YaKDs  turned  out  443  wood  (191,756  tons),  and  86  metal  (357,136  tons) ;  total,  529  (548,892  tons). 

Pacific  Yards  turned  out  409  wood  (229,618  tons),  and  110  metal,  including  one  concrete  (620,833 
tons);  total,  519  (850,451  tons). 

Great  Lakes  Yards  turned  out  67  wood  (6,219  tons),  and  122  metal  (260,491  tons);  total,  189  (266,- 
710  tons). 

Western  Riteiis  Yards  turned  out  94  wood  (3,012  tons),  and  one  metal  (13  tons) ;  total,  95  (3,025  toas). 

There  were  built  for  foreigners  in  the  nine  months  25  wooden  vessels  of  53,662  gross  tons. 

Of  the  wooden  ships  built  in  1918,  January-September,  75  were  sailing,  144  steam,  543  gas,  aud  246 
unrigged.     Of  the  metal  ships,  4  were  sailing,  308  steam,  3  gas,  and  4  unrigged. 

The  total  United  States  Merchant  Marine"*tonnage  on  June  30,  1916,  was  8,469,649  gross  tons,  divided 
as  follows:  P'oheign  Trade — Steam,  1,573,705  tons;  total,  2,185,008  tons.  Coastwise  Trade— Steam, 
4,315,579  tons;  total,  6,244,550  tons.  Whale  Fishehie# — Steam,  1,789  tons;  total,  0,707  tons.  Cod 
AND  Mackerel  Fisheries — Gas  or  steam,  10,731  tons;  total,  33,384  tons. 

'     STATUS   OF   WORLD   TONNAGE,    SEPTEMBER    1,    1918. 
(Germany  and  Austria  excluded.     The  flgures  are  dead  weight  tons.) 

Total  losses  (Allied  and  neutral)  August,  1914-September  1,  1918,  21,404.913;  total  construction  (Allied 
and  neutral)  August,  1914-September  1,  1918,  14,247,825;  total  enemy  tonnage  captured  (to  end  of  1917), 
3,795,000;  excess  of  losses  over  gains,  3,362,088;  estimated  normal  increase  in  world's  tonnage  if  war  had 
not  occiured  (based  on  rate  of  increase,  1905-1914),  14,700,000;  net  deficit  due  to  war,  18,062,088.  Allied 
monthly  construction  passed  destruction  for  the  first  time  in  May,  1918. 


ESTIMATE    OF    STRENGTH    OF    AUSTRIAN    WAVY. 

According  to  estimates  based  on  the  latest  information  received  by  the  Navy  Department,  the  strength 
of  the  Austrian  Navy  was  approximately  as  follows,  Nov.  11,  1918:  15  battleships,  21  torpedo  boat  destroyers, 
10  torpedo  gunboats,  45  submarines,  1  river  torpedo  boat,  2  trawlers,  2  mine  layers,  15  cruisers,  67  torpedo 
boats,  43  mine  las'ers,  11  river  monitors,  6  scouts,  3  armed  steamers.  7  patrol  boats. 

These  figures  are  compiled  without  reference  to  reported  recent  losses.  According  to  press  despatches 
two  battleships  have  recently  been  destroyed  and  an  unknown  number  of  war  craft  has  been  taken  over 
by  the  Jugo-Slavs. 


Suhnarines — Their  History. 


r21 


WAR    LOSSES    OF    AMERICAN    MERCHANT    SHIPF'INCi. 

From  the  begiunlng  of  the  European  war  of  August  3,  1914,  to  the  armistice  oJ  November  11,  1918, 
the  authenticated  loss  of  American  merchant  vessels  from  acts  of  the  enemy  was  145  vesaels  of  354  449 
gross  tons,  with  the  sacrifice  of  775  lives,  as  shown  by  the  official  records  of  the  Bureau  of  Navigation, 
Department  of  Commerce.  These  returns  do  not  include  the  losses  of  vessels  of  the  American  Navy  or 
of  the  American  Army  and  lives  thus  sacrificed  recorded  by  the  Navy  and  War  Departments.  They  do 
not  include  several  cases  of  the  loss  of  merchant  vessels  in  which  it  is  not  yet  established  whether  the  loss 
was  due  to  acts  of  the  enemy.  There  is  given  below  a  summary  of  the  losses  according  to  periods  before 
and  after  the  United  States  entered  the  war  and  according  to  the  methods  of  destruction  to  which  the 
enemy  resorted,  with  number  and  gross  tonnage  of  ships  destroyed  and  number  of  lives  lost. 

The  following  table  covers  the  period  from  the  beginning  of  the  war,  August  3,  1914,  to  April  5,  1917, 
Inclusive: 


Ship. 

Torpedoed. 

Mined. 

Gunfire,  Etc. 

Total. 

Lives  Lost 

Steam 

No. 
6 

Gross. 
25,988 

No. 
4 

1 

Gross. 
9,675 
1,904 

No. 
6 
2 

Gross. 
24,649 
4,927 

No. 

16 

3 

Gross. 
60.312 
6.831 

67 

Sail 

Total 

6 

25,988 

5 

11.579 

8 

29, .576 

19 

67.143 

67 

ine  loiiowmg  taoie  covers  the  period  from  April  6,  1917,  the  entry  of  the  United  States  into  the  war, 
up  to  the  armistice  of  November  11,  1918,  inclusive: 

Ship. 

Torpedoed. 

Mined. 

Gunfire,  Etc. 

Total. 

Lives  Lost 

Steam 

No. 
45 

Gross. 
190,357 

No. 
2 

Gross. 
8,116 

No. 
22 
57 

Gross. 
38,272 
>     50,561 

No. 
69 
57 

Gross. 

236,745 

50,561 

707 

1 

Sail 

Total 

45 

190.357 

2 

8,116 

79 

88,833 

126 

287,306 

708 

The  totals  for  the  entire  period  August  3,  1914,  to  November  11,  1918,  inclusive,  are  given  below: 

Ship. 

Torpedoed. 

Mined. 

Gunfire,  Etc. 

Total. 

Lives  Lost 

Total  steam 

No. 
51 

Gross. 
216.345 

No. 
6 
1 

Gross. 
17,791 
1,904 

No. 
28 
59 

Gross. 
62,921 
55,488 

No. 
85 
60 

Gross. 

297,057 

57,392 

774 
2 

Total  sail 

Grand  total 

51 

216,345 

7 

19,695 

87 

118,409 

145 

354,449 

775 

The  killing  at  sea  of  703  persons  on  American  merchant  ships  is  chargeable  to  sut>niB.rine  torpedoes. 
38  were  killed  by  gunfire,  and  34  were  victims  of  drifting  enemy  mines. 

44  SHIPS  OF  UNITED   STATES  NAVY   LOST  IN  THE  WAR. 

Forty-four  vessels  of  the  navy,  including  army  and  cargo  transports,  manned  by  naval  crews,  were 
lost  from  the  declaration  of  war  on  April  6,  1917,  until  hostilities  ceased  November  11,  1918.  Twelve  of 
these  were  destroyed  by  enemy  submarines.  Only  three  of  the  twelve  ships  torpedoed  were  war  craft — 
the  destroyer  Jacob  Jones,  sunk  December  6,  1917,  with  a  loss  of  62  lives;  the  coastguard  cutter  Tampa, 
sunk  September  6,  1918,  with  a  loss  of  112  lives,  and  the  armed  yacht  Alcedo  which  carried  down  20  men. 

Three  ships  lost  by  mines  Included  only  one  war  craft,  the  armored  cruiser  San  Diego,  which  went 
do^vn  oft  Fire  Island  last  July  19,  with  a  loss  of  50  lives.  A  total  of  678  men  on  torpedoed  ships  were  drowned 
or  killed  by  explosions. 

Fourteen  vessels,  including  the  collier  Cyclops,  were  given  under  the  head  of  miscellaneous  sinkings, 
with  a  loss  of  life  of  346.  

SUBMARINES-THEIR    HISTORY. 

(From  a  Bulletin  [May,  191S]  of  the  Naval  Consulting  Board.) 
THE  first  recorded  experiment  in  submarine  operation  was  made  by  a  Hollander,  Dr.  Clornelius  Van 
Orebbel,  who  in  1624  constructed  a  one-man  submarine  operated  by  feathering  oars  which  made  a  suc- 
cessful underwater  trip  from  Westminster  to  Greenwich  on  the  Thames.  Dr.  David  Bushnell.  an  Ameri- 
can inventor  and  graduate  of  Yale  in  the  class  of  1775,  nearly  sank  the  "Eagle"  in  New  Yorl;  harbor  dur- 
iut?  the  Revolutionary  War  by  the  use  of  his  little  one-man-powered  submarine  the  "American'  Turtle." 
In  England,  the  American  inventor,  Robert  Fulton,  in  the  presence  of  William  Pitt,  then  chancellor,  and  a 
large  number  of  spectators,  blew  up  a  brig  by  exploding  a  mine  which  lie  had  placed  under  her  bottom  by 
the  use  of  his  submarine  boat.  Botii  of  these  inventors  were  discouraged  and  were  refused  the  necessary 
assistance  to  enable  them  to  develop  further  their  ideas  regarding  submarines,  although  they  had  un- 
i.'oubtedly  shown  that  there  were  great  possibilities  in  the  underwater  t.vpe  of  vessel.  Various  unsuccessful 
Attempts  were  made  to  utilize  submarines  during  the  Civil  War,  but  at  that  time  their  only  means  of  offense 
was  a  torpedo  on  the  end  of  a  long  spar,  and  the  solitary  recorded  hit  was  disastrous  to  both  the  warship  ■ 
and  the  submarine.  Just  as  the  breech-loading  rifle,  a  very  ancient  device,  failed  to  come  into  its  own  until 
the  invention  of  the  metallic  cartridge,  the  submarine  had  to  await  the  invention  of  the  automotive  torpedo 
before  it  became  a  really  efficient  means  of  offense. 

Modern  submarines  .are  divided  into  two  general  cla.sses:  the  Coast  Defense  tj'pe  of  from  300  to  700 
tons  surface  displacement,  and  the  Cruising  typQ  of  from '800  to  2,500  tons  displacement,  having  a  radius  of 
action  of  from  3,000  to  8,000  miles  and  capable  of  operating  along  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  the  United  States 
from  European  bases.  The  smallest  type  of  modern  coast  defense  submarines,  wliich  can  hold  the  necessary 
apparatus  to  have  a  useful  range  of  action,  weighs  about  300  tons;  the  handling  of  such  weights  from  the  deck 
of  a  vessel  at  sea  cannot  be  accomplished  with  any  degree  of  safety.  Generally,  the  German  U-boat — which 
Is  the  designation  for  the  enemy  ocean-going  submarines — is  made  with  a  double  hull.  The  bottom  space 
between  the  inner  and  outer  hulls  is  used  for  water  ballast;  the  top  space  is  used  for  carrjing  fuel  oil.  Water 
ballast  displaces  the  fuel  oil  as  it  is  consumed  by  the  internal  combustion  engine.  The  frequent  statements 
that  oil  has  been  seen  on  the  sea,  after  a  U-boat  has  been  attacked,  may  have  merely  indicated  that  the  sub- 
marine's outer  hull  had  been  ptmctured.  However,  there  is  some  oil  slick  on  the  surface  when  the  exhaust 
mufflers  are  flooded. 

The  submarine,  when  submerged  so  that  its  periscope  does  not  project  above  the  water,  is  blind,  but  not 
deaf,  for  it  Is  provided  with  sound  detectors  or  microphones  that  will  indicate  the  approach  and  direction 
of  a  ship,  if  its  own  machinery  is  at  rest  or  moving  slowly,  with  noise  so  slight  as  not  to  interfere  with  the 
listening.  The  propagation  of  sound  through  water  Is  more  rapid  and  efficient  than  through  air,  because 
water  does  not  have  so  great  a  cushioning  effect  upon  sound  waves.  While  we  speak  of  sound  waves,  and 
can  measure  their  amplitude  in  some  cases,  there  is  no  bodily  displacement  of  the  medium  through  which 
they  travel.  In  general  the  harder,  denser  and  more  incompressible  the  medium,  the  more  efficient  t.he 
transmission  of  the  sound  waves.  The  underwater  listening  devices  which  are  so  frequently  availed  of  in 
submarines,  and  patrol  boats  and  destroyers  used  to  i>*ta,cl\  them  consist  primarily  of  a  large  diaphragm  • 
or  its  equivalent  in  some  other  physical  fonn. 


722 


Zionist  Organimtion  of  America. 


LOSSES    OF    AMERICAN    VESSELS    DURINC    THE    WAR. 

The  following  Is  a  list,  according  to  the  most  authentic  information  on  file  in  the  Office  of  Naval  Intel- 
ligence, of  all  naval  losses  from  April  6,  1917,  to  November  11,  1918: 


Name. 


BY  SUBMARINES. 

Antilles 

Alcedo 

Jacob  Jones 

Lake  Moor 

Rockefeller,  Wm . . . 
President  Lincolu. . 

Covington 

Westover 

Westbridge 

Montanan 

Mt.  Vernon* 

Buena  Ventura .  .  . . 

Tampa 

Ticonderoga 

BY    MINES. 

Pratt,  Herbert  L.t. . 

Californian 

San  Diego 

Minnesotat 

Saetia 

BY    COLLISION. 

Mohawk 

Chauncey 

S.  C.  No.  141 

F.  1 

Zaaiiland 

Wakiva  II 

Schurz 

Oosterdijk 

S.  C.  No.  187 

S.  C.  No.  60 

Herman  Frasch. . . . 

S.  C.  No.  397 

Westgate 

Shaw 

Tarantula 

MI3CEL.  SINKINGS. 

Rehoboth 

S.  C.  No.  117 


Class. 


Transport 

Armed  yacht. . 

Destroyer 

Cargo  steamer . 

Tanker 

Transport. . . . , 
Transport .  . . . , 
Army  supply. . 

N.  O.  T.  S 

Army  account. 
Transport .... 
Army  cargo.  .. 

C.  G.  C 

Animal  cargo. 


Tanker. .. . 

Cargo 

Cruiser .... 
Batlle.ship . 
N,  O.  T.  S. 


Revenue  cutt«r 

Destroyer 

Submarine  chaser. . 

Submarine 

Cargo 

Yacht 

Cruiser 

Cargo 

Submarine  oliaser. , 
Submarine  chafer . . 
Transport  (Army)  . 
Submarine  chaser. . 

Cargo  (Army) 

Destroyer 

Special  patrol 


Armed  trawler .  .  . 
Submarine  chaser. 


Bauman 

Guinevere.  .  .  . 

Elfrerta 

Mariner 

Cherokee 

Cyclops 

No.  3429 

Montauk 

S.  C.  No.  209 .  , 
S.  C.  No.  219.  , 
Lake  Borgne. . 
Ophlr . 


Tonnage. 


878  gross 

981  gross 

265  gross '. 

955  gross 

157  gross 

167  gross 

339  gross 

800  gross 

660  gross 

659  gross 

372  gross 

881  gross 

181  displacement 
,130  gross 


7,145  gross 

5,658  gross 

13,680  displacement 
16,000  displacement 

2,873  gross 


1,148  displacement 

592  displacement 

75  gross 


5,417  gross 

853  gross 

1,630  displacement 
8,251  gross 

75  .gross 

75  gross 

3,803  gross 

75  gross 

8,800  dead-weight. 
1,100  displacement. 


Lives 
Lost. 


70 
20 
62 
45 

3 
26 

6 

8 

4 

5 

36 

64 

112 

:t:216 

None 
None 

50 
None. 


Oct.  17, 
Nov.  5, 
Dec.  6, 
April  1 1 , 
May  18, 
May  31, 
JiUy  1 , 
JiUy  11, 
Aug.  15, 
Aug.  16, 
Sept.  5. 
Sept.  16, 
Sept.  26, 
Sept.  30. 


Date. 


1917 
1917 
1917 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 
1918 


Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

I'orpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed.§ 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

Torpedoed. 

SliplU'd  and  torpedoed. 


Tune  2,  1918 
June  23,  1918 
July  19,  1918 
Sept.  29,  1918 
Nov.    9,  1918 


Trawler 

Yacht 

Yacht 

Tug 

Tug 

Collier 

Motor  patrol 

Patrol  boat 

Submarine  chaser , . 
Submarine  chaser. . 

Army  account 

N.  O.  T.  S 


254  gross. 
75  gross . 


304  gross 

499  gross 

164  displacement. 

220  gross 

272  gross 

19,360  displacement. 


641  gross. 

75  gross. 

75  gross. 
2,100  gross. 
7.089 


None. 

18 
None. 

19 

None. 

2 

1 

None. 

None 

2 

16 

None 

7 

12 
None. 

None. 
None. 

None. 
None. 
None. 
None. 

23 
293 

2 

7 
17 

4 
None. 
None, 


Oct.  1, 
Nov.  19, 
Dec.  13, 
Dec.  17, 
May  13, 
May  22, 
June  21, 
July  11, 
Aug.  4, 
Oct.  1, 
Oct.  4, 
Oct 
Oct 
Oct 


5, 
7, 

9, 

Oct.  28, 


Oct.     8,  191 
Dec.  22,  1917 


1917 

1917 

1917 

191 

1918 

1918 

1918 

1918 

191S 

1918 

1918 

1918 

191S 

1918 

1918 


Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

April 

July 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

Nov. 


12,1918 

25.  1918 
21,  1918 

26,  1918 

26,  1918 
21,  1918 
10,  1918 
21,  1918 

27,  1918 
9,  1918 

22, 1918 
11,,1918 


Remarks. 


With  0-13. 


Burned;  Norfolk  Navy* 
Yard. 

Struck  rock. 

Foundered. 
Foundered. 

Mysteriously  disap'r'd. 
German  shore  liattery. 
Driven  asliore. 
Shelled  by  mistake. 
Internal  explosion. 
Struck  rock. 
Internal  explosion. 


*  Torpedoed;  made  port,    t  Mined;  made  port,     t  216  lost,  2  captured.     §  Salvaged. 

262,693    CASUALTIES    TO    OUR    FORCES,    NOT    COUNTING     PRISONERS. 

It  is  amiouuccd  that  up  to  Nov.  20  the  American  casualties  reported  to  Gen.  Persliiiig's  head- 
Quarters  aggregated  2C2,C93.  This  is  2G,C05  more  than  the  total  made  i)ublic  a  week  before  by  Gen.  March, 
Chief  of  Staff. 

In  making  this  aunoimcenient  Gen.  March  indicated  that  additional  casualties  might  be  rejiorted,  as 
checking  up  had  not  yet  been  completed.  With  many  luiits  on  the  move  in  France  checking  up  was 
rendered  more  difficult. 

Gen.  March  was  unable  to  give  out  up  to  Dec.  15  the  exact  total  of  men  laiown  to  have  been  confined 
in  Germany  as  prisoners  of  war,  due  to  the  fact  that  Gen.  Pershing's  cablegram  was  not  clear  as  to 
these  figures. 

These  are  the  figures,  as  given  out  by  the  Cliief  of  Staff 


Died  from  other  causes 1,980 

Wounded     189,955 

Missing  in  action 14,290 


Killed   in   action 28,363 

Died   of   wounds 12.101 

Died  of  disease 10,034 

Prisoners   (u)iintelligible). 

The  principal  cliange  in  the  revi.sed  list  is  the  addition  of  13,100  men  missing  in  action.  It  was 
declared  that  Gen.  Pershing  has  thus  far  fonvarded  no  e.xplanation  of  tlie  increase  under  this  heading, 
and  it  is  assumed  that  an  error  was  made  in  transmission.     The  total  of  these  given  liist  week  was  1,100. 


ZIONIST     ORGANIZATION     OF     AMERICA. 

(Headquarters,  55  Fifth  Avenue,  fifteenth  floor.  New  York.) 
Honorary  PresldeiU — Justice  Louis  D.  Brandeis,  Washington.  President — Judge  Julian  W.  Mack, 
New  York.  Vice-Presidents — Dr  Stephen  S.  Wise,  New  York;  Dr.  Harry  Friedenwald,  Baltimore.  Treas- 
urer— E.  W.  I.«win-Epateln,  New  York.  Asststarit  Treasurer — Louis  Robison,  New  York.  Executive  Sce- 
retarv — Jacob  de  Haas,  New  York.  Secretary  for  Organization — Louis  Lipsky,  New  York.  Secretary  JOT 
Education — Miss  Henrietta  Szold,  New  York.    Comptnillcr — Robert  D.  Kesselmau.  New  York. 


President  Wilson's  Arrival  in  France.  723 


PRESIDENT  WILSON'S  ARRIVAL   IN   FRANCE. 

President  Wilson  and  his  party  arrived  at  Brest,  France,  on  the  George  Washington  oii  Friday,  Dec. 
IS,  1918.  Under  the  shadow  of  the  saluting  runs  of  the  Chateau  of  St.  Anne,  with  its  walls  dating  from 
the  Phoenician  wars  before  the  Chribtian  era,  the  George  Washington  steamed  to  her  anchorage  in  the 
Brest  roadstead,  escorted  by  ten  American  battleshius,  twenty-nine  destioyers,  five  Frencli  and  one 
Italian  warship,  each  thundering  the  Presidential  salute.  While  the  guns  roared,  the  American  Presi- 
d<fiit  gazad  upon  the  marine  spectacle  with  the  enthusiasm  of  a  boy.  With  an  agile  step  he  debarked 
ra  the  inimicipal  pier  at  3.15  P.  JM.  to  receive  a  welcome  from  picturesque  Breton  women  in  their  native 
f.stumes.  Red  Cross  nurses,  French  marines  and  Colonial  troops,  including  the  Spahis,  Turcos,  Sene- 
Kiilese  and  Cochin  Cliina  contingent.  The  Bed  Cross  women  presented  flowers  to  the  President  and 
J- Irs.  Wilson.  Through  a  lane  formed  by  20,000  doughboys  an  open  motor  car  in,  which  the  President 
H;it  with  the  Frencli  Foreign  IVIinister,  M.  Stephen  Pichon,  and  JIayor  Hervagault  of  Brest,  traversed  the 
liilly  streets  of  the  town  choked  with  mud  and  under  glowering  sides  and  misty  rain. 

President  Wilson  was  hailed  everywhere  as  "the  champion  of  the  people's  rights  and  of  international 
.iustice."  In  ins  ears  dinned  cries  of  "Hurrah  for  Wilsonl"  "A'^ivo  le  President  Wilson!"  "Vivent  les 
/.merioans!"  At  almost  every  foot  Breton  girls  tossed  flowers  into  the  motor  and  into  that  in  which 
Airs.  Wilson  followed.  The  brief  ceremonies  were  entirely  in  the  hands  of  the  French.  Foreign  Min- 
ister Pichon  and  Minister  of  Marine  Leygues  delivered  short  addresses  of  welcome  on  board  the  George 
Washington,  while  iiu  address  extending  the  freedom  of  the  city  and  the  keys  were  delivered  by  Jlayor 
Hervagault  at  the  landing  stage  from  which  President  Wilson  first  stepped  upon  Frenclj  soil  from  the 
lender  on  which  he  left  the  George  Washington.  In  his  response  to  the  address  of  the  Mayor  of  Brest 
the  President  said: 

"It  is  delightful  for  me  to  realize  tliat  I  have  come,  and  will  join  my  couirsel  wth  that  of  your 
own  public  men  in  bringing  about-a,  peace  settlement  which  shall  be  consistent  alike  with  the  ideals  of 
France  and  the  ideals  of  the  United  States."  The  Government  of  France  sent  to  greet  the  President 
two  Cabinet  Ministei's  and  a  committee  of  twenty-two~  Deputies,  although  the  ceremonies  were  officially  con- 
fined to  the  miuilcipal  welcome.  Gens.  .Pershing,  Bliss  and  Helmick  reported  to  the  Commander  in 
Chief  aboard  the  George  Washington,  along  with  Admirals  Sims,  Benson,  Mayo  and  Wilson.  The  Pres- 
ident conferred  with  Gen.  Pershing  ten  minutes  aboard  the  ship's  tender.  The  first  person  to  greet  the 
President  in  French  waters  was  his  daughter.  Miss  Margaret  Wilson,  who  has  been  singing  for  the 
American  soldiers  in   France.     Extraordinary  precautions  were   taken   to   guard   the  President. 

The  40,000  American  doughboys  ui  the  camps  around  Brest  wore  given  a  holiday  to  hail  their 
Commander  in  Chief.  The  greeting  of  the  French  populace  to  the  President  was  fervent.  The  city  was 
elaborately  decorated,  the  feature  being  a  Statue  of  Liberty  outlined  by  electric  bulbs  on  tlie  walls  of  the 
ancient  fort  overlooking   the   harbor.     The   Presidential    train   departed   for   Paris  at   4   P.    M. 

.lust  before  the  President  left  for  Paris  a  deputation  of  Frencli  Socialists  handed  him  a  resolution 
indorsing  the  fourteen  peace  terms.  As  the  train  pulled  out,  a  group  of  costumed  Breton  children,  wth 
inimitable  drollery,  under  the  direction  of  a  stalwart  doughboy,  sang  "Ilail,  hail,  the  gang's  all  here. 
\Vhat  the  hell  do  wo  care?     What  the  hell  do  you  care?"  from  start  to  finish. 

Army  officers  explained  that  some  of  the  doughboys  when  American  troops  first  landed  in  France 
whimsically  taught  the  children  who  flocked  down  to  the  quays  to  sing  "Hail,  hail"  as  the  Americai^ 
national  anthem,  and  that  it  "became  the  custom  for  children  to  meet  all  incoming  transports  with  ilicir 
clrimis  and  what  American  flags  they  could  find,  singing  this  iVmerican  "anthem"  with  all  solemnity. 
In  some  ways  the  news  spread  quickly,  and  fresh  troops  arriving  never  undeceived  the  children,  it  being 
said  that  even  officers,   when  necessary,  stood  at  attention  while  they  sang. 

THE  PRESIDENT'S   RECEPTION   AT  PARIS. 

President  Wilson  made  his  entrance  into  Paris  at  6.1.5  A.  M.,  Dec.^  11.  His  arrival  was  gri-'-'ted 
with  a  salvo  of  ar-.illerv  in  salute,  while  dense  throngs  hailed  his  coming  with  cheers.  Great  crowds  of 
people  were  massed  about  around  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  station  awaiting  tlie  President,  and  as  he 
alighted  from  his  train  a  roar  went  up.  President  Wilson  was  greeted  by  President  and  Madame  Pnin- 
care.  Premier  Cleratnceau,  Andre  Tardieu,  French  High  Commissioner  to  the  United  States,  and  other 
high  officials.  The  formalities  over,  the  President  entered  a  caiilage  with  President  Poincare.  Mrs. 
Wilson,  with  Miss  Margaret  Wilson,  daughter  of  the  President,  followed  in  another  carriage,  accompanied 
l)y  Madame  Poincare.  The  party  drove  immediately  to  the  r.-sideiKc  of  Prince  M'urat,  in  the  Rue  de  Alon- 
ceau,  where  the  Pre.sideiit  will  reside  while  in  the  French  capital.  President  Poincare  greeted  Presi- 
dent Wilson  as  the  latter  stepped  from  the  train,  the  French  Executive  firmly  grasping  him  Ijj-  the 
hand.  William  Mirtin,  attached  to  the  Foreign  Office  as  introdui-.r  of  Ambassadors,  presented  Premier 
Clemcuceau,   who  welcomed  President  Wilson  in  English,   saying  ho  was  extreiMOly  glad  to  meet  him. 

During  the  ride  from  the  station  the  President  was  smiling  and  almofit  continuously  took  off  his  hat 
and  bowed  to  the  right  and  left.  Wa\e3  of  liunian  voiti's  answered  his  saliitndon,  broken  by  the  sharp 
bark  of  guns  at  intervals  of  fifteen  seconds.  The  procession  left  the  Porte  Dauphine  a  few  minutes  after 
tire  President  arrived.  The  scene  was  imjn-essive,  as  the  crowds  cheered  and  then  uncovered  as  the 
bands  played  "The  Star-Spanglcd  Banner."  A  throng  was  gathered  at  the  Arc  de  Triomphe,  where 
the  procession,  turned  down  the  Champs  Elysees,  continuing  down  that  thoroughfare  until  the  Bridge 
Alexander  III.  was  reached.  After  crossing  the  Seine  the  procession  moved  past  the  building  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies,  and  again  crossed  the  .Seine  to  tlie  Place  de  la  Concorde.  A  tremendous  throng 
was  gathered  there,  and  they  set  up  a  mighty  roar.  The  route  to  the  Pi'esidential  residence  was  lined 
with  French  troops  m  solid  array  along  its  entire  length. 

The  passage  of  the  Presidential  train  from  Brest  to  Paris  had  given  evidence  of  the  interest  the 
population  attached  to  the  President's  visit.  At  every  station  along  the  railway  crowds  of  men,  women 
and  children  waited  through  the  night  for  the  passing  of  the  train,  hoping  to  catch  a  fclimpse  of  thc- 
American  Executive.  Their  clieers  could  be  heard  as  the  train  sped  by  in  the  darlmess.  The  platform 
of  the  station  at  Paris  was  carpeted  in  rod,  and  palms  adorned  the  broad  stairway.  The  band  of  the 
Republican  Guards  was  playing  "The  Star-Spangled  Banner"  as  the  train,  decorated  with  the  Stars  and 
Stripes,  drew  into  the  station.  Immediately  the  artillery  gave  voice,  and  a  saluto  of  100  guns  an- 
nounced the  President's  arrival.  .  _  „.  .  ,        .       ,   .. 

■  President  Wilson  reached  Prince  Murat's  residence  at  10.45  o  clock.     His  arrival  V/as  the  signal  foi 
Uie  hoisthig  of  the  American  flag,  amid  cheers  from  the  crowd. 

In  the  procession  from  the  railway  station  to  the  Prince  Murat  home,  in  the  Rue  de  Monceau,  tin 
first  carriage  was  occupied  by  President  Wilson  and  President  Pomcare,  and  the  second  carriage  by  ATrs. 
Wilson,  Madame  Poincare,  Madame  .Tusserand  and  ^fiss  Margaret  Wilson.  Those  in  other  carriages 
were:  Third,  the  American  Ambas.sador,  Mr.  Sharp;  Premier  Clemenceau  and  Gens.  Mordacq  and  De- 
sparge;  fourth,  S?cretary  of  Ststo  Eansine  and  Foreign  Jlinister  Pichon;  fifth.  Gen.  Bliss  and  .Mr. 
Henry  White;  sixth.  Gen.  Pershini;  and  Ambassador  Juss?rand;  seventh,  Adiniral  Benson  and  Capt.  Tar- 
dieu. French  High  Commissioner  to  the  United  States,  and  eighth,  Rear  Admiral  Grayson,  Gen.  Ilart? 
and  Tiient.   Col.   I.nljci. 


724    President  Wilson's  First  Address  at  Paris,  Dec.  IJk,  1918. 


PRESIDENT   WILSON'S   FIRST   ADDRESS   AT    PARIS,    DEC.    14,    1918. 

At  the  luncheon  Dec.  14,  1918,  at  the  Palace  of  the  Elysee,  Paris,  which  the  President  of  France 
and  Mme.  Poincare  gave  in  honor  of  President  Wilson  and  Mrs.  Wilson,  the  American  Executive  spolto 
as  follows  In  reply  to   an  address   by   President  Poincare: 

"Mr.  President:  I  am  deeply  indebted  to  you  for  jour  gracious  greeting.  It  is  very  delightful 
to  find  myself  in  France  and  to  feel  the  tiuick  contact  of  sympathy  and  unaffected  friendship  between 
the  representatives  of  the  United  States  and  the  represejitatives  of  France.  You  have  been  very 
generous  in  what  yon  were  pleased  Lo  say  about  mjself,  but  1  feel  that  what  I  have  said  and  wliat  1  have 
tried  to  do  has  been  said  and  done  only  in  an  attempt  'to  speak  the  thought  of  the  people  of  tlie  United 
States  truly,   and  to  carry  that   thought  out  in  action. 

"From  the  first  tlie  thought  of  the  people  of  tlie  United  States  tiu'ned  toward  something  more 
than  tlie  mere  winning  of  this  war.  It  turned  to  the  establishment  of  eternal  principles  of  right  and 
jtistice.  It  realized  that  merely  to  win  the  war  ^\as  not  enough;  that  it  must  be  won  in  such  a  way 
and  the  auestions  raised  by  it  settled  In  such  a  way  as  to  insure  the  future  peace  of  the  world  and 
lay  the  foundations  for  the  freedom  and  happiness  of  its  many  peoples  and  nations.  Never  before  has 
war  worn  so  terrible  a  visage  or  exhibited  more  grossly  the  debasing  influence  of  illicit  ambitions.  I 
am  sure  that  I  shall  look  upon  the  riiin  wrought  by  the  armies  of  the  Central  Empires  with  the  same 
repulsion  and  deep  indignation  that  they  stir  in  the  hearts  of  the  men  of  France  and  Belgitun,  and  T 
appreciate,  as  you  do,  sir,  the  necessity  of  .such  action  in  the  final  settlement  of  tlie  issues  of  the 
war  as  will  not  only  rebuke  such  acts  of  terror  and  spoliation,  BUT  MAKE  MEN  EVEKYWHEltl) 
AWAUE  THAT  THEY  CANNOT  BE  VENTL'«ED  UPON  WITHOUT  THE  CERTAINTY  OF  JUST 
PUNlSHMENTi 

"I  Imow  with  what  ardor  and  enthusiasm  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  the  United  States  have  given 
the  best  that  was  in  them  to  this  war  of  redemption.  They  have  e.xpressed  the  true  spirit  of  Americy. 
They  bejieve  their  ideals  to  be  acceptable  to  the  peoples  everywhere,  and  are  rejoiced  to  have  played  the 
part  tliey  ha\e  played  in  giving  reality  to  those  ideals  in  co-operation  with  the  armies  of  the  Allies 
We  are  proud  of  the  part  they  have  played,  and  we  are  happy  that  they  should  have  been  associated 
witli   such  comrades  in   a  common   cause. 

"It  is  with  peculiar  feeling,  Mr.  President,  that  I  find  myself  in  France  joining  with  you  in 
rejoicing  over  the  victorj-  that  Las  been  won.  The  ties  that  bind  France  and  the  United  States  are 
peculiarly  close.  I  do  not  Imow  in  what  other  comradeship  we  could  have  fought  with  more  zest  or 
enthusiasm.  It  will  daily  be  a  matter  of  pleasure  with  me  to  be  brought  into  consultation  with  the 
statesmen  of  France  and  her  allies  in  converting  the  measures  by  which  we  may  secme  permanence  for 
these  happy  relations  of  friendship  and  co-oi)cration.  and  to  secure  for  the  world  at  large  such  safety 
and  freedom  in  its  life  as  can  be  secured  only  by  the  constant   association   and  co-operation   of  friends. 

"1  greet  you,  not  only  with  deep  jiersonal  respect,  but  as  the  representative  of  the  great  people  of 
France,  and  beg  to  bring  you  the  greetings  of  another  great  people  to  whom  the  fortunes  of  France- 
are  of  profound  and  lasting  interest.  I  raise  my  glass  to  the  health  of  the  President  of  the  i'rencU 
itepublic  and  to  Mme.  Poincare  and  the  prospeiity  of  France." 

PRESIDENT     POINCAUE'S     ADDRESS     OF     WELCOME. 

In  his  address  to  President  Wilson,  President  Poincare  had  said:  "Mr.  President:  Paris  and 
France  awaited  you  witli  impatience.  Tliey  wire  eager  to  acclaim  in  you  the  illustrous  democrat 
whose  words  and  deeds  were  inspired  by  exalted  thought,  the  philosopher  delighting  in  the  solution 
of  universal  laws  from  particular  events,  the  eminent  statesman  who  had  fotuid  a  way  to  express  tlja 
highest  political  and  moral  truths  in  formulas  which  bear  the  stamp  of  immortality.  They  had  aliJi 
a  passionate  desire  to  offer  thanks  in  your  person,  to  the  great  Republic  of  which  you  are  the  Chicr. 
for  the  invaluable  assistance  wliich  has  been  given  spontaneously  during  this  war  to  the  defenders  of 
right  and  liberty.  Even  before  America  had  resolved  to  intervene  in  the  struggle  she  had  showni 
to  the  wounded  and  the  orphans  of  France  a  solicitude  and  a  generosity  the  memory  of  which  will 
always  be  enshrined  in  our  hearts.  The  liberality  of  your  Red  Cross,  the  countless  gifts  of  your  fellow 
citizens,  the  inspiring  initiative  of  American  women,  anticipated  your  military  and  naval  action  and 
showed  the  world  to  which  side  your  sympathies  incUned. 

"And  on  the  day  when  you  flung  yourself  into  the  battle,  with  what  determination  your  great 
jieoplo  and  yourself  prejsared  for  united  success!  Some  months  ago  you  cabled  me  that  the  United 
States  would  send  ever  increasing  forces,  until  the  day  should  be  reached  on  which  the  Allied  armies 
were  able  to  submerge  the  enemy  under  an  overwhelming  flow  of  new  divisions,  and,  in  effect,  for  more 
than  a  year  a  steady  stream  of  youth  and  energy  has  been  poured  out  upon  the  shores  of  France.  No 
sooner  had  they  landed  than  your  gallant  battalions,  fired  by  their  chief.  Gen.  Pershing,  flung  them- 
selves into  the  combat  with  such  a  manly  contempt  of  danger,  such  a  smiling  disregard  of  death,  that  our 
longer  experience  of  this  terrible   war  often   moved    us   to  counsel   prudence. 

"They  brought  with  them,  in  arriving  here,  the  enthusiasm  of  crusaders  leaving  for  the  Holy  Land. 
It  is  their  right  to-day  to  look  witli  pride  uimn  the  work  accomplished  and  to  rest  assured  that  they 
have  powerfully  aided  by  their  courage  and  their  faith.  Eager  as  they  were  to  meet  the  enemy,  they  did 
not  know  when  they  arrived  the  enormity  of  his  crimes.  Tliat  they  might  know  how  the  German  Armies 
make  war  it  has  been,  necessary  that  they  see  tov/ns  systematically  burned  down,  mines  flooded,  fac- 
tories reduced  to  ashe^,  orchards  devastated,  cathedrals  shelled  and  fired — all  that  deliberate  savagery, 
aimed  to  destroy  national  wealth,  nature  and  beauty,  which  the  imagination  could  not  conceive  at  a 
distance  from  the  men  and  things  that  have  endured  it  and  to-day  bear  witness  to  it.  In  your 
turn,  Mr.  President,  you  will  be  able  to  measure  with  your  own  eyes  the  extent  of  tliese  disasters. 
and  the  French  Government  will  i-iake  known  to  you  the  authentic  documents  in  which  the  German 
General  Staff  developed  with  astounding  cynicism  its  programme  of  pillage  and  industrial  anuihilatio!" 
Your  noble  conscience  will  jironounce  a  verdict  on  these  facts.  Should  this  guilt  remain  unpunished,  could 
it  be  renewed,   the  most  splendid  victories  would  be  in  vain. 

"Mr.  President,  France  has  struggled,  lias  endured  and  has  suffered  during  four  long  years;  she 
has  bled  at  every  vein;  she  has  lost  the  best  of  her  children;  she  mourns  for  lier  youths.  She  yearns 
now,  even  as  you  do,  for  a  peace  of  justice  and  security.  It  was  not  that  she  might  be  exposed  once  again 
to  aggression  that  she  submitted  to  such  sacrifices.  Nor  was  it  in  order  that  criminals  should  go 
unpunished,  that  they  might  lift  their  heads  again  to  make  ready  for  new  crimes,  that  v.nder  your 
strong  leadership,  America  armed  herself  and  crossed  the  ocean.  Faithful  to  the  memory  of  Lafayeti« 
and  Rochambeau,  she  came  to  the  aid  of  France,  because  France  herself  was  faithful  to  her  tradi- 
tions.    Our  common  ideal  has  triumphed.     Together  we  have  defended  the  vital  principles  of  free  nations. 

"Now  we  must  build  together  such  a  peace  as  will  forbid  the  delitierate  and  hypocritical  renewing 
of  an  organism  aiming  at  conquest  and  oppression.  Peace  must  make  amends  for  the  misery  and  sad- 
ness of  yesterday,  and  it  must  be  a  guarantee  against  the  dangers  of  to-morrow.  The  association  which 
has  been  formed  for  the  purpose  of  war  between  the  United  States  and  the  Allies,  and  which  contains 
the  .'^'jed  of  the  permanent  institutions  of  which  you  have  spoken  so  eloauently.  will  find,  from  this  d.iy 
forward,  a  clear  and  profitable  cinnloymeut  in  the  concerted  search  for  eauitable  decisions  and  in  the 


Major  Operations  in  1918  of  U.  S.  Forces  in  France.        725 


Mutual  rapport  whlcli  we  need  if  we  are  to  make  our  rights  prevail.  VlTiatever  safeguards  we  may  erect 
for  the  future  no  one,  alas,  cau  assert  that  we  shall  forever  spare  to  mankind  the  horrors  of  new  wars. 
Five  years  ago  the  progress  of  science  and  the  state  of  civilization  might  have  permitted  the  hope  that 
no  Oovemmcnt,  however  autocratic,  woiUd  have  succeeded  in  hurling  armed  nations  upon  Belgium  and 
Serbia. 

■■Without  lending  ourselves  to  the  illusion  that  posterity  will  be  forever  more  safe  from  these 
collective  follies,  we  must  introduce  into  the  peace  we  are  going  to  build  all  the  conditions  of  justice 
and  all  the  safeguards  of  civilization  that  we  can  embody  in  it.  To  such  a  vast  and  magnificent  task 
Mr.  President,  you  have  chosen  to  come  and  apply  yourself  in  concert  with  France.  France  offers  you 
her  thanks.  She  knows  the  friendship  of  America.  She  knows  your  rectitude  and  elevation  of  spirit."  It 
it  in  tlie  fullest  confidence  that  she  is  ready  to  work  with  you.  I  lift  my  glass,  Mr.  President,  in  vour 
lienor,  and  in  honor  of  Jlrs.  Wilson.  I  drink  to  the  prosperity  of  the  Republic  of  the  United  Sliifs, 
our  great   friend  of  yesterday   and   of  other  days,    of   to-mcrrow  and  of  all   time." 


'CO-OPERATION       OF 


NATIONS        NECESSARY,' 
FRENCH    SOCIALISTS. 


PRESIDENT       TELLS 


President  Wilson  addressed  a  Socialist  delegation  which  called  on  him  on  Dec.  14,  15IS.  He  said: 
"Gentlemen:  I  received  with  great  interest  the  address  which  you  have  just  read  to  me.  The 
war  through  which  we  have  just  passed  has  illustrated  in  a  way  which  never  can  be  forgotten  the  ex- 
traordinary wrongs  which  can  he  perpetrated  by  arbitrary  and  irresponsible  power.  It  is  not  possible 
to  secure  the  happiness  and  prosperity  of  tlie  world,  to  establish  an  enduring  peace,  unless  the  repetition 
of  such  wrongs  is  rendered  impossible.  This  lias  indeed  been  a  people's  war.  It  has  been  waged 
against  absolutism,  and  these  enemies  of  liberty  must  from  this  time  forth  be  Shut  out  from  the 
possibility  of  working  their  cruel   will   upon   mankind. 

"In  my  judgment,  it  is  not  sufficient  to  establish  this  principle.  It  is  necessary  that  it  should  be 
supported  by  a  co-operation  of  the  nations  which  shall  be  based  upon  fixed  and  definite  covenants  and 
which  shall  be  made  certain  of  effective  action  through  the  instrumentality  of  a  League  of  Nations. 
1  believe  this  to  be  the  couvictiou  of  all  thoughtful  and  liberal  men.  I  am  confident  that  this  is  the 
thought  of  those  who  lead  your  own  great  nation,  and  I  am  Icoking  forward  with  peculiar  pleasure 
to  co-operating  with  them  in  securing  guarantees  of  a  lasting  peace  of  justice  and  right  dealing  which 
shall  justify  the  sacrifices  of  this  war  and  cause  men  to  look  back  upon  those  sacrifices  as  the  dramatic 
and  final  processes  of  their  emancipation."   -  


MAJOR    OPERATIONS    IN    1918    OF    UN 

April  28-20— A  sector  in  the  vicinity  of  Breteui), 
northwest  of  Montdidier,  was  occxipied  by  the  1st 
Division. 

May  28 — Cantigny  was  captured  by  the  Ist  Divi- 
sion. A  detachment  of  om'  troops,  reinforced  by 
Krench  artillci-y,  successfully  attacked  the  enemy  on 
a  front  of  about  2,220  yards.  We  occupied  Can- 
tigny, capturing  some  200  prisoners,  and  inflicted 
severe  losses  on    the   enemy. 

.Time  10— The  2d  Division  attacked  in  Bois  de 
Belleau,  advancing  the  line  900  yards  on  a  front  of 
V.<i  miles,  capturing  300  prisoners,  30  machine  guns, 
4  trench  mortars  and  stores  of  small  arms,  ammu- 
nition and  eQuipment.  Held  all  of  Hill  204  down 
to  the  village  on  the  northeast  slope,  thus  prevent- 
ing the  enemy  from  concentrating  his  forces  in  the 
northern  part   of  Chateau- Thierry. 

Jime  11 — The  2d  Division  continued  its  advance 
in  the  Bois  de  Belleau,  capturing  more  prisoners 
and  machine   guns   and   two   77-mrn.    field   pieces. 

Our  aviators  executed  their  first  bombing  raid, 
dropping  numerous  bombs  on  the  railway  station 
at  Doramary-Baroncourt,  northwest  of  Jletz.  All  of 
our  planes  returned  in  safety. 

The  artillery  of  the  2d  Division  shelled  the  enemy 
in  their  areas,  preientiug  concentration  near  Torcy, 
Monthiers.  Hill  128  and  La  Gonetrie  Farm.  It  dis- 
covered and  dispersed  a  group  of  210  machine  gtms 
in  the  wood  south  of  Etrepilly.  The  2d  Division 
captured  the  last  of  the  German  positions  in  the 
Bois  de  Belleau,  taking  50  prisoners,  machine  gmis 
and  trench  mortars. 

Julv  IS— French  and  American  troops  advanced 
under  the  cover  of  a  heavy  storm  on  the  front  be- 
tween Soissons  and  Chateau-Thierry.  The  greatest 
advance  was  hi  the  northern  part  of  the  sector, 
where  a  depth  of  five  miles  was  attained,  and  we 
reached  the  heights  southwest  of  Soissons,  dominat- 
ing the  railroad  and  highways. 

■Tulv  24— The  Advance  of  the  Franco- American 
forces'  continued,  and  m  the  evening  the  line  ran 
last  of  Buzancy  to  Tigny,  to  Hattennes,  Grand 
Hozov,  Ouichy-le-Chateau,  Armeutieres,  Coincy, 
Cnurpoil,  and  then  joined  the  old  line  at  Jaulgonne. 
West  of  Rheims  Marfaus  was  retaken  and  the  line 
ran  from  Aubilly,  through  Mezy,  and  joined  the 
old  line  at  Coiilommes. 

July  25— The  line  rail  from  the  Ourca  to  the 
Marne,  where  the  Allied  troops  advanced  6  laus. 
in  the  centre  and  3  to  4  kms.  on  the  flanks.  The 
line  in  the  evening  ran  from  Arnientieres  to  Bruy- 
e.res.  the  eastern  edce  of  the  Bois  de  la  Tournello. 


ITED  STATES  FORCES  IN  FRANCE. 

the  eastern  edge  of  Beuvardes,  the  eastern  edge  of 
l3  Charnel,  the  cross  roads  at  Gros  Chene,  le  Bou- 
langere,   the  northern  edge  of  Treloup,   Chassins. 

July  26— The  line  ran:  Nanteuil,  Notre  Dames, 
Hill  123,  Hill  118,  la  Misere,  Hill  100.  southwest- 
ern part  of  Bois  de  la  Toumelle,  HiU  111.  le 
Charnel.  Hard  fighting  continued  all  day  and  the 
French    and    Americans    steadily    advanced   on    IVre. 

July  27— The  42d  Division  tried  to  cross  the 
Ourca,   but  was  driven  back  by  heavy  artillery  fire. 

July  28 — The  42d  Division  renewed  the  assault, 
cioijsed  the  river,  and  after  vigorous  fighting  took 
Seringes-et-Nesles,    Nesles   and    Sergy. 

Tlfe  28t.h  Division  held  the  line  about  1  kilo- 
meter north  of  the  Ourcq..  During  the  day  slow 
progi-ess  was  made,  the  enemy  .slowly  falling  back 
alter   bitter  rearguard   action. 

July  29 — Frauco-.iinierican  troops  advanced  3  kil- 
ometers from  Oulchy  to  Villers  Agron  and  Boug- 
ncux,  Saponay,  Seringes,  Nesles  and  Cierges  were 
included  within  our  lines. 

July  30 — Our  pressure  continued  on  the  rigiit 
banlc  of  the  Ourc<[.  The  railroad  station  at  Flto 
Hiid  Cayenne  Farm  remained  in  our  possession.  Wo 
lost  Seringes-et-Nesles,  but  reoccupied  Sergj-,  Tlill 
312  and  the  woods  8  kilometers  north  of  Boncheres. 

July  31 — The  28th  Division  retook  Seringes-et- 
Nesles.  The  32d  Division  attacked  in  Crinipettcs 
Woods  with  success;  the  woods  were  taken  and 
tioops  advanced  to  Cierges.  German  coimter  at- 
tacks were  brilliantly  repulsed  with  the  bayonet, 
and  an  immense  amount  of  material  and  equip- 
ment was  taken  from  the  enemy. 

Aug.  3 — ^After  continuous  fighting  late  in  the 
evening  Soissons  was  taken,  and  a  line  extending 
along  the  Vesle  to  between  Braisne  and  Bazoches 
was  being  consolidated.  South  of  the  Aisne  our 
troops  drove  back  the  enemy  rearguard.  Acting 
with  the  4th  Division,  the  32d  Division  reached  a 
lino  from  Ville  Saioye  to  a  point  just  north  of 
St     Gilles. 

Aug.  4 — A  large  enemy  patrol  attacked  in  the 
vicinity  of  Coulees,  but  was  driven  off  by  a  combat 
group  of  the  5th  Dirision,  which  had  been  re-en- 
forced. Our  troops  were  very  active  in  patrolling, 
having  sent  out  over  seven  reconnaissance,  combat 
and  ambush  patrols.  ,  , 

The  32d  Division  took  Pismes.  In  an  elglit-day 
battle  this  division  forced  the  passage  of  th< 
Ourcq,  took  prisoners  from  six  enemy  divifaons. 
met.  routed  and  decimated  a  crack  division  of  the 
I'russian  Guards,  a  Bavarian  Division  and  one  other 


726    Ma^or  Operations  of  U.  S.  Forces  in  France.—  Continued. 


enemy  divisioii,  and  drove  the  enemy  line  back  16 
kilometers. 

AUK.  6 — ^The  28th  Division  launched  an  atta-clc, 
the  objective  of  which  was  the  north  banli  of  tlie 
Vcsle.  The  attack  was  met  by  exceedingly  heavy 
machine  gun  and  artillery  fire.  On  the  right  our 
lroo))s  succeeded  in  crossing  the  river  and  advanc- 
ing to  the  highway  which  runs  from  Rheims  to 
Soissons,  On  the  left  the  advance  was  held  up  by 
the    enemy's    fire. 

Aug,  7 — The  units  on  the  left  advanced,  across 
the  ri\er  and  occupied  the  railroad  lines  on  the 
north  bank.  The  casualties  resulting  from  this  op- 
eration were  considerable.  A  violent  enemy  coim- 
ter  attack  was  completely  repulsed  and  a  number  of 
prisoners  and  machine  gims  were  left  in  our  hands. 
Aug.  8— As  a  result  of  successful  operations  on 
the  evening  of  Aug.  8,  11  companies  of  infantry  and 
6ome  machine  gun  detachments  of  the  28th  Divi- 
sion reached  the  north  bank  of  the  Vesle.  . 

Aug.  10— The  28th  Division  launched  an  attack 
in  Fismette.  A  creeping  barrage  moved  ahead  of 
tliem.  They  made  some  progress,  but  were  soon 
exposed  to  flanking  fire  from  both  the  east  and  tlie 
west  and  were  forced  to  fall  back  into  Fismette. 
The  position  here  was  very  difficult.  Flanking  ma- 
chine gim  fire  came  from  both  sides  and  heavy 
casualtiw  were  reported.  A  box  barrage  was 
placed  around  the  town  and  ammimition  was  sent 
up.  The  town  was  held  by  one  battalion,  with 
one  machine  gun  platoon,  which  received  orders  to 
hold  the  position  at  all  cost. 

Aug.  17— After  strong  artillery  preparation  the 
Infantry  of  the  5th  Division  captured  the  Village  of 
Frapelle  an^  consolidated  the  lines  north  of  the 
road  running   mto  the  town  from  the  southeast. 

Aug.    19 — The   enemy   continued    shelling   Frapelle 
positions  and  the  artUlery  of  the   5fh  Division  re- 
plied actively.  .  ,,,.,. 
Aug.    21 — The   6th   Division   repulsed   hostile   at- 
tack with  heavy  loss  to  the  enemy   and  with  no 

casualties  to  ourselves.  

The  32d  Division,  acting  with  the  10th  French 
Army,   advanced  to  and  held  Juvigny. 

The  77th  Division  cleared  the  small  wood  between 
the  Vesle  and  the  railroad  west  of  Chateau  du 
Diable.  ,,    . 

Sept,  3— During  the  five  days  prior  to  Sept,  3  the 
32d  Division  made  daily  advances  against  the  enemy, 
gaining  6  kilometers  through  very  difficult  terrain 
and  against  violent  opposition.  It  captured  11 
officers  and  920  enlisted  men.  A  large  amount  of 
guns  and  munitions  were  captured.  A  patrol  of  the 
77th  Division  penetrated  to  Bazoches. 

Sept.  5 — French  and  American  units  advanced  In 
tlie  Oise-Rheims  area  as  far  as  Conde.  Strong 
patrols  of  the  77th  Division  were  pushed  forward 
north  of  the  Vesle  and  were  encountered  by  ma- 
chine-gun resistance.  Our  casualties  were  slight. 
Tlie  28th  Division  crossed  the  Vesle  in  force  and 
'  pursued  the  enemy  to  the  north, 

Sept.  6— The  artillery  of  the  28th  Division  di- 
rected harassing  and  destructive  fire  on  the  Aisne 
bridges,  while  the  enemy  harassed  the  villages  in 
our  rear  areas,  using  a  great  number  of  gas  shells. 
Sept.  7 — The  28th  Division  repulsed  two  enemy 
counter  attacks.  The  77tb  Division  drove  the  enemy 
out  of  La  Cendiere  Farm  and  have  passed  the  Aisne 
Canal. 

Sept.  12 — After  four  hours*  bombardment  our 
troops  advanced  on  the  south  and  west  flanks  of  the 
St.  Mihiel  salieut  at  5  A.  U.  By  7.30  A.  M.  the 
forces  operating  on  the  south  had  reached  the 
southern  edge  of  the  Bois  Juli,  the  Quart  de  Beserve, 
and  the  northern  edge  of  the  Bois  de  Mort  Mare. 
By  noon  they  had  reached  Essey  and  VievUle  and 
the  army  operating  in  the  difficult  ground  in  the 
west .  had  captured  Les  Bparges.  At  6  P.  M.  the 
troops  had  reached  a  point  1  kilometer  east  of 
,Senzey  and  had  taken  St.  Eemy  and  Combres.  Dur- 
ing the  night  the  troops  on  the  western  flank  of 
the  salient  advanced  6  miles  in  five  hours,  reaching 
,  Vigneulles  by   3   A.    M. 

Sept.  14^-There  was  general  advance  along  the 
entire  line,  and  the  American  Army  established 
Itself  on  the  following  front:  Manheulles,  Fresnes. 
IMntheville,    St.    Hllaire,    Doncourt,    northeast    of 


Woel,  south  end  of  the  Etaug  de  Lachaussee,  Van- 
dieres,  and  across  the  Moselle  at  Champey. 

Sept,  17 — American  troops  advanced  along  the 
Moselle   within   300   yards  of   Paguy. 

Sept,  18— Tlie  26th  Division  made  two  raids  dur- 
ing the  night.  One  against  St.  Hilaire  was  without 
result,  as  the  enemy  had  retired;  the  other  against 
the  Bois  de  Warville  resulted  in  the  capture  of  15 
prisoners. 

I    Sept.  19— The  92d  Division  repulsed  an  attempted 
enemy  raid  in  the  St.   Die  sector. 
1    Sept.    20— The   92d    Division    rep\ilsed   two   enemy 
raids  in.  the  region  of  Lessens. 

Sept.  26— The  1st  Army  attacked  nortliwest  of 
Verdun  on  a  front  of  20  miles  and  penetrated  to  an 
average  depth  of  7  miles. 

Sept.  27— The  107th  Eegiment  of  the  27th  Di- 
vision attacked  east  of  Bellioourt  and  attained  its 
objectives. 

Sept.  29— In  the  Argonne,  the  Americans  met 
with  fuilous  resistance.  Their  losses  were  heav>. 
and  they  were  unable  to  do  more  than  hold  their 
own. 

Sept.  30 — The  27th  and  30th  Divisions  took  prison- 
ers north  of  St.  Quentin  totaUmg  210  officers  and 
more  than  1,200  men. 

Oct.  1— The  28th  Division  repulsed  a  hostile 
counter  attack  on  the  entire  divisional  front  in  tlie 
Aire   Valley,   with  very   heavy  losses   to   the   enemy. 

Oct.  3 — The  2d  Division,  operating  with  the  4tli 
French  Army,  made  an  advance  of  2  kilometers, 
reaching  Medeah  Farm  in  the  afternoon.  In  tlie 
evening  the  2d  Division  advanced  about  3  kilo- 
meters, and  their  line  ran  from  Medeah  Faun 
southwest  along  the  road  to  Blanc  Mont.  Tliey 
captured  1.000  prisoners  and  casualties  were  esti- 
mated at  500. 

Oct.  4— The  1st  Division  attacked  on  both  sides 
of  Exermont,  and  made  progress  in  spite  of  strong 
opposition  from  the  enemy,  who  resisted  with  ma- 
chine guns  in  organized  opposition.  Approximately 
300  prisoners  were  taken,  and  our  casualties  were 
1,500. 

Oct.  5 — The  1st  Division  captured  Arietal  Farm, 
and  the  line  was  advanced  400  yards  beyond.  The 
Gth  Division  repulsed  a  large  enemy  faid  on  Son- 
de ma  ch. 

Oct.  7 — A  brigade  of  the  82d  Division  advanced 
7  kilometers,  occupymg  Hill  223.  north  of  Chatel 
Chehery;  46  prisoners  were  captured,  including  1 
officer.  Our  casualties  were  light.  Later  the 
enemy  counter  attacked  and  reoccupied  HUl  223, 
north  of  Chatel   Chehery. 

Oct.  8— The  59th  Brigade  of  the  30th  Division 
attacked,  at  5  A.  M.,  over  a  front  of  5,000  yards, 
gained  all  first  objectives  by  9  A.  ^t,  and  second 
objectives  by  noon.  Fifty  officers,  1,500  men  and 
four  101-millimeter  guns  were  taken. 

Oct.  8-9 — The  2d  Corps  advanced  about  7  miles 
on  a  front  of  4,000  yards  and  captui'ed  about  2,000 
prisoners  and  30  guns. 

Oct.  9 — In  spite  of  strong  resistance  the  1st  Di- 
vision advanced  in  the  sector  east  of  Fleville  and 
captured  230  prisoners.  The  33d  Division,  operating 
with  the  17th  French  Army  Coi-ps,  attacked  early 
in  the  morning  north  of  Consenvoye  and  reached 
its  final  objective  about  9  A'.  M.  About  650  prison- 
ers were'  taken. 

Oct.  10 — The  Ist  Corps  reached  Cornay-T,a- 
Besogne  Ridge  and  passed  Malassise  Farm,  east  of 
Grand  Ham.  The  60th  Brigade  of  the  30th  Division 
advanced  six  kilometers,  reaching  the  Selle  River, 
and  held  the  St.  Benin-St.  Souplet-La  Hale-Men- 
neresse  line.  Up  to  the  evening  of  the  9tli,  50 
officers,  1,800  men  and  32  guns  were  captured. 

Oct.  12— The  4th  Division  repulsed  two  counter 
attacks  by  machine  gun  fire,  with  severe  loss  to 
the  enemy. 

Oct.  13 — An  attack  on  Grandpre  this  morning 
met  very  heavy  machine  gun  fire,  and  troops  of 
the  2d  Corps  were  finally  forced  to  retire  south  of 
the  Aire.  A  hostile  counter  attack  at  8  P.  M. 
south  of  Landres-et-St.  Georges  was  repulsed.  The 
81st  Division  repulsed  an  enemy  raid  in  St.  Die 
sector.     The   77th   Division   took   Grandpre, 

Oct,  17— The  29th  Division  advanced  to  the  siun- 
mit   of  Bois  de  la   Grande  Moutagne,   east  of  the 


Major  Operations  of  U.  S.  Forces  in  France.—Continued.    727 


Meiise.  'fbe  42d  Divisiou  toot  Cote  de  Cliatillon. 
The  2d  Battalion  of  the  7Gth  Division  readied  the 
northern  edge  of  Bois  des  Loses,  west  of  Cham- 
pigiieiiUe.  lu  an  attack  on  a  4,'000-yard  front  from 
St.  Souplet  to  Molajn  •our  troops  advanced  3,000 
yards  against  very  stiff  resistance.  All  counter  at- 
tacks repulsed.  Prisoners  tal;en  were  estimated  at 
2,500. 

Oct.  19— The  30th  Division  attacked  "with^the 
British  at  dawn  and  advanced  2,000  yards.  Pris- 
oners captured  since  the  morning  of  the  17th  to- 
taled 44  officers  and  over  1,500  men. 

The  78th  Division  pushed  their  lines  forward  to 
Bellejoyeuse  Farm  and  began  to  mop  up  the  Bois 
dcs  Loges.   - 

Oct.  21— In  attacks  on  the  Bois  des  Rappes  the 
5tli  Division  met  with  stubborn  resistance  by  ma- 
chine guns,  supported  by  artillery  and  infantry  fire. 
It-  captured  the  entire  position,  with  170  prisoners, 
including  five  officers.  An  enemy  counter  attack, 
support?d  by  heavy  artillery  fire,  was  repulsed  with 
h('a\y  losses. 

The  5th  and  3d  Divisions  took  Hill  297  and  Bois 
des   Kappes. 

Attacking  in  the  evening,  the  S9th  Division  oc- 
cupied the  northern  and  eastern  edge  of  the  Bois 
de  Bantheville. 

Oct.  23. — Troops  of  the  3d  Corps  reached  the 
ridge  north  of  the  village  of  Bantheville,  taking  171 
prisoners. 

The  2i)th  Division  captured  the  ridge  of  Bois 
d'Htrayes  and  Hill  3C1. 

Oct.  27 — ^The  78th  Division  entered  Bellejoyeuse 
Farm,  northeast  of  Grandpre,  and  found  it  imoc- 
cupied.  The  occupation  of  the  right  of  way  north 
and   northwest   of   Graiidpre   was   completed. 

Oct.  30 — On  Oct.  30  patrols  were  active  along  the 
entire  front  of  the  28th  Division.  The  33d  Division, 
in  the  face  of  heavy  artillery  and  machine  gun 
fire,  north  of  Grandpre,  advanced  its  lines  and 
occuiJied  the  Bellejoyeuse  Farm.  On  Oct.  30  2,000 
high  explosive  and  gun  shells  fell  in  the  vicinity 
(if  Fresnes.  One  of  the  divisional  patrols  captured 
five   prisoners. 

Nov.  1 — The  troops  of  thfe  1st  Army  captured 
Clery-le- Grand.  North  of  Ancreville  they  took  53 
additional  prisoners  and  continued  their  advance 
into  the  ■  Boie  des  Bantheville.  During  the  night 
of  Nov.  1-2  the  troops  of  the  37th  Division  consol- 
idated their  positions  and  effected  a  crossing  of 
the  River  Scheldt,  confronted  by  enemy  machine 
gun  and  rifle  fire.  The  91st  Division,  supported  by 
artillery  and  machine  gun  fire,  rapidly  advanced 
over  six  kilometers  in  spite  of  enemy  artillery  and 
machine  gim  fire. 

Nov.  2 — On  the  evening  of  Nov,  2  the  troops  of 
the  78th  Division  drove  the  enemy  from  the  Bois 
des  Loges  and  closely  followed  his  retreat.  The 
92d  Division,  in  spite  of  machine  gun  resistance, 
pushed  forward  and  advanced  the  line  3  kilometers. 

Nov.  3 — The  01st  Division,  in  spite  of  active  ma- 
chine giui  resistance,  forced  their  way  toward  the 
bank  of  the  Scheldt  in  the  vicinity  of  Eyne. 

Nov.  4— On  Nov.  i  a  brigade  of  the  79th  Division 
attached  an  enemy  sector,  taking  81  prisoners  and 
8  machine  guns,  encountering  strong  resistance  and 
repidsing  several    counter  attacks. 

Nov.  5. — On  Nov.  5  the  troops  of  the  77th  Divi- 
sion engaged  in  severe  fighting,  overcame  strong 
enemy  resistance  along  the  entire  line.  The  artil- 
lery   was   active,    firing    on    the    enemy's    retreating 


columns.  Harassing  artillery  fire  was  returned  by 
the  enemj'.  Aviation  was  active  on  both  sides.  The 
enemy  tflew  over  our  front  lines  and  delivered  ma- 
chine gun  fire  on  our  advancing  troops.  Two  enemy 
planes   were   brought  down. 

Nov.  6 — Our  troops  of  the  1st  Corps  continued 
their  successful  advance,  forcing  the  enemy  to  re- 
tire. The  towns  of  Flabas,  Raucourti  Haraueourt 
and  Autrccourt  were  taken,  and  patrols  pushed  ou 
as  far  as  the  .Meusc.  Large  quantities  of  material 
were   captured   during   the   advance. 

Following    heavy    bombardment    on    the    enemy's 
divisions    the    troops   of   the    5th    Division    attacked,- 
lapidly  overcoming  the  enemy's  resistance,  captiiruig 
Liou-devant-Dun,   Muwraux,  Fontaine  and  Viloesnes- 
sur-.Meuse,   taking   more   than   250   prisoners, 

Nov.  7 — The  troops  of''  tlie  2d  Division  cleared 
the  west  bank  of  tb.e  Meuse  of  the  remaining  ma- 
chine guns  and  snipers  m  the  vicinity  of  Slouzon. 
The  5tli  Division,  supported  by  artilieiT  fire,  con- 
tinued their  advance  despite  the  enemy's  continued 
resistance,  principally  with  machine  guns.  Slost  of 
the  artillery  crossed  to  the  east  bank  of  the  Sleuse, 
following  in  support  of  the  infantry.  Additional 
prisoners  were  taken,  including  2  officers  and  132 
men.  ^ 

Nov.  S — Tlio  patrols  of  the  2d  Division  crossed 
the  Meuse  south  of  .Meuzoii.  The  troops  of  the  o3d 
Division,  aided  by  barrage  fire,  carried  out  a  suc- 
cessful raid  on  Chateau  Aulnois,  capturing  1  officer 
and  22  men.  Strong  combat  patrols  were  sent  out 
from  the  lines  of  the  92d  Division  (colored).  Pris- 
oners were  captured  and  casualties  inflicted  on  the 
enemy. 

Not.  9 — On  midnight  of  Nov.  9  the  patrols  of  the 
5th  Division  drove  back  the  enemy,  inflictinfi  many 
casualties  and  capturing  0  prisoners.  The  troops 
consolidated  and,  despite  stubborn  resistance,  prin- 
cipally from  machine  gims,  drove  the  enemy  from 
Bois  du  Caunl  and  La  Scutinelle  and  captured 
Brandeville.  In  these  operations  47  prisoners,  125 
niachiue  gims  and  other  material  were  captured.  A 
strong  combat  patrol  was  active  along  the  entire 
front  of  the  33d  Division,  meeting  with  heavy  ma- 
chine gun  resistance  from  the  enemy,  and  a  patrol 
of  one  company  captured  8  prisoners  in  the  Bois 
de  Wanille.  The  troops  of  the  79th  Division  ad- 
vanced iu  a  ceuerally  northeasterly  direction,  with 
the  right  flank  iu  Bois  de  Damvillers.  The  42d 
and  units  of  the  1st  seized  the  heights  south  of 
Sedan    . 

Nov.  10 — Tlie  33d  Division  carried  out  a  success- 
ful raid  on  Marcheville,  occupying  the  town  and 
taking  SO  prisoners,  iucludiiig  3  officers.  Strong 
patrols  froni  the  line  engaged  in  sharp  fighting. 
The  37th  Division,  operating  with  the  34th  French 
Army  Corps,  attacked  in  order  to  force  a  crossing 
of  the  Scheldt.  Violont  enfilading  machine  gun 
fire,  heavy  artillery  and  the  ■  flooded  condition  of 
the  terrain  dela.ved  the  eonstruction  of  bridges  and 
crossings.  In  the  face  pf  continuous  heavy  artillery 
fire,  supported  by  machine  guns,  the  troops  ad- 
vanced about  2  kilonieters.  The  90t.h  Division  ad- 
vanced toward  Baalon,  encoimtering  no  resistance. 
The  92d  Division  reached  Bois  Frebaut  and  cap- 
tured 710  prisoners. 

Nov.  11— The  3d  Division  advanced  3  kilometers 
east  of  Breheville.  Despite  increased  resistance  by 
machine  gun  and  artillery  fire  the  5th  Division 
contmued  to  advance,  capturing  18  prisoners,  3 
large-calibre  guns,  6  minenwerfers  and  considerable 
material. 


SALVATION    ARMY    IN    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

Commander  Evangeline  Booth,  National  Leader;  Col.  WilUam  Peart,  Chief  Secretary:  Co}.  Alexander  M. 
Damon,  Field  Secretary;  Col.  Gustav  S.  Reiuhardsen,  Financial  Secretary;  Lieut.-Col.  mlllam  S.  Barker, 
Property  Secretary;  Lieut.-Col.  W.  F,  Jenkins,  milor-in-CMef;  Col.  J.  E.  Margetts,  Young  People  s  Sccretai-y; 
Col.  Charles  Miles,  Principal  of  Tralrhing  College;  Col.  WllUam  H.  Cox,  Trade  and  publishing  Secretary; 
Col.  S.  L.  Brengle,  National  Evangelist;  Col.  Edward  J.  Parker,  Eastern  Men's  Social  Secretary;  Lieut.-Col. 
Thomas  Stanyon,  Mid-Western  Men's  Social  Secretary;  Lieut.-Col.  Margaret  BoviU,  Eastern  Wotnen  s  i>ociai 
Secretary. 

NATIONAL    SPIRITUALISTS'    ASSOCIATION,    U.    S.    A. 

/'resWent— Dr.  George  B.  Wame,  Chicago.  Vice-President— Josevh  P.  Whltwell,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
Secretary— George  W.  Kates,  Washington,  D.  C.  Treasurer— Ca.sswa  L.  Stevens,  Pittsburgh.  3VwsJees-— 
I.  C.  I.  Evans,  Washington,  D.  C:  Mrs.  E.  H.  Goetz,  Baltimore;  Aionzo  M.  Griffen,  Chicago;  Mari  A.  Bai^ 
wise.  Bangor,  Me.;  Dell  A.  Herrick,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 


728 


Scientific  Progress  in  1918. 


SCIENTIFIC    PROGRESS    IN    1918. 

Prepared  by  the  National  Geographic  Society,  of  Washington,  D.   C.     GILBERT  GROS\'£NOR,  Director 

and   Editor. 

June  8,  first  observed  in  this  country  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia.  This  star  beliaved  like  the  one 
discovered  in  the  constellation  of  Perseus  in  1901, 
flaring  up  so  as  to  rival  tlie  brightest  stars  In 
magnitude  and  then  gradually  fading  away.  A 
star  having  the  appearance  of  a  minor  planet,  but 
with  an  orbit  of  a  coniet-lilve  character,  was  dis- 
covered by  Prof.  Wolf,  at  Heidelberg,  in .  .January. 
Its  distance  from  the.  earth  at  tliat  time  appeared 
to  be  about  twenty-three  million  miles.  Another 
star  was  discovered  by  the  same  observer  on  the 
fourth  of  February,  which  was  named  Nova  Mono- 
cerotis.  The  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Standards  made  in- 
vestigations with  regard  to  the  feasibility  of  employ- 
ing, in  stellar  photography,  plates  made  sensitive 
to  infra-red  rays  by  the  application  of  various 
dyes,  notably  dicyanin. 

It  was  shown  during  the  year  that  instead  of  a 
Centauri  'being  our  nearest  stellar  neighbor,  the 
position  belongs  to  a  faint  star  near  a  Centauri.  It 
is  apparently  moving  through  space  with  the  larger 
star,  but  somewhat  nearer  to  us.  A  large  meteor 
fell  in  northern  Canada  in  February.  It  was  of 
unusual  brilliancy,  the  light  of  which,  judged  by 
the  visibility  of  distant  objects,  was  about  as  light 
as  daylight.  In  the  latter  part  of  October,  1917, 
observations  made  at  Bristol,  during  a  period 
aggregating  23  hours  of  watching  on  14  nights, 
revealed  197  meteors.  A  brilliant  daytime  meteor 
passed  over  part  of  Scotland  in  December,  1917, 
and  is  said  to  have  fallen  on  Keithick  House,  12 
miles  northeast  of  Perth.  A  piece  of  the  meteorite 
weighing  2  pounds  entered  tlio  roof  of  the  lodge. 
Other  fragments  were  found  in  neighboring  fields. 
It  came  down  with  a  noise  resembling  a  peal  of 
thtmder,  or  a.  distant  explosion.  Although  the  siui 
was  shining  bright,  observers  described  the  course 
of  the  meteor  as  brilliant. 

Schaumasse's  Comet  made  a  near  approach  to  the 
earth  on  March  31.  Encke's  Comet  Was  observed 
at  Greenwich  on  March  1.  It  appeared  as  a  largely 
diffu.sed  nebulosity  of  8%  magnitude  without  visible 
nucleus  or  tail.  Tiie  obsenatory  at  Florence,  Italy, 
has  been  engaged  for  3  years  in  studying  the  lunar 
crater,  Eimmart.  This  crater  has  a  diameter  of 
about  24  miles.  On  the  rampart  there  is  a  crater- 
let,  which,  mider  very  oblique  illumination,  shows 
a  deep  cavit.v.  Tlie  observations  suggest  that  the 
changes  in  the  crater  originate  in  the  craterlet. 
There  were  a  number  of  auroral  displays  visible  in 
various  parts  of  the  world  during  the  year.  One 
of  these  occurred  on  March  7  and  was  widely 
visible  throughout  the  United  States.  It  was  also 
visible   in   London. 

At  Mt.  Wilson  observatory  the  75-ft.  spectograph 
was  in  use  for  visual  observation  in  conjimction 
with  the  150-ft.  tower  telescope,  and  the  magnetic 
polarities  and  strength  of  field  in  some  40  sim  spots 
was  determined  on  each  day  of  observation.  Obser- 
vations bear  out  the  conclusions  that  the  intrinsic 
fainter  stars  move  more  rapidly  than  the  brighter, 
irrespective  of  their  distance  from  the  sun.  Good 
l)rogress  was  made  in  the  installation  and  use  of 
the  great  100-inch  reflector.  The  New  Dominion 
Astrophysical  observatory  at  Victoria.  B.  C,  was 
opened  in  June.  Dr.  Swasy.  of  Cleveland,  and 
Dr..  Brashear,  of  Pittsburgh,  constructed  the  tele- 
scope and  the  mirror  of  the  72-inch  reflector,  re- 
spectively. The  observatory,  under  the  direction  of 
Dr.  J.  S.  Plaskett  has  since  been  at  work  chiefly 
on    the    task    of    measuring    stellar    radial    velocity. 


ARCHAEOLOGY. 

An  expedition  under  the  joint  auspices  of  the 
Smiliisonian  Institution,  of  Washington,  and  the 
Museum  of  the  American  Indian,  of  New  York,  in 
the  first  season  of  its  excavation  among  the  ruins 
of  "he  Pueblo  city  of  Hawikuh  (one  of  the  famed 
"Seien  cities  of  Cebola"  which  figured  so  promi- 
nently in  the  Spanish  conquest  led  by  Coronado 
and  liis  successors^  found  large  walls  in  a  stratum 
underlying  that  of  the  Pueblo  city,  indicating  that 
another  Indian  city  stood  there  in  days  antedating 
the  Pueblos.  The  237  graves  opened  showed  differ- 
ent forms  of  burial.  In  some  were  cremated  re- 
mains. The  JIuseum  of  the  American  Indian  has 
been  completed  and  its  collections  have  been  in- 
stalled. The  American  Bluseum  of  Natural  History 
had  an  expedition  in  tlie  field  making  excavations 
of  Pueblo  architecture  in  the  Animas  Valley  in 
New   Mexico. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Scarborough,  Yorkshire,  Eng- 
land, a  fall  of  a  cliff  resulted  in  unearthing  twenty 
bronze  weapons  consisting  of  battle-axes,  spears, 
chisels,  gouges,  portions  of  a  sword,  etc.  The  col- 
lection evidently  formed  the  stock  in  trade  of  a 
metal  worker  of  the  Bronze  Age,  at  least  a  thou- 
sand years  before   the   Christian  era. 

Australian  troops  after  the  advance  toward  Gaza, 
about  eighteen  miles  northwest  of  Beersheba,  dis- 
covered ruins  which  led  to  excavation  revealing  a 
pavement  evidently  covering  part  of  the  floor  of  a 
church.  The  mosaic,  which  is  rich  in  elements  of 
early  Christian  symbolism,  was  taken  up  and  re- 
moved to  Cairo.  In  the  advance  from  Bagdad  the 
British  forces  used  what  is  repXited  to  be  the 
remains  of  the  Tower  of  Babel  as  the  site  of  a 
field  wireless   station. 

Commendatoro  Giacomo  Boni  has  excavated  on 
the  Palatine  a  beautiful  marble  torso,  0.86  m.  high, 
a  youthful  female  figure  with  draperies  blown  back 
by  the  wind.  It  is  apparently  of  Pentelic  marble, 
and  an  original  Greek  work  of  the  end  of  the  fifth 
century  B.   C. 

The  upper  left-hand  quarter  of  a  Stele  of  wliite 
Attic  marble  foimd  at  Cottenham,  near  Cambridge, 
England,  bears  an  archaic  relief  of  an  ephebus 
with  his  horse.  It  was  probably  executed  in  the 
latter  part  of  the  fifth  century  B.  C,  and,  if  so. 
is  one  of  the  finest  monuments  surviving  to  the 
heroes  of  Marathon. 

Sir  A.  Stein  annotmces  that  he  has  found  in  the 
desert  of  the  Helmand,  Afghanistan,  a  series  of 
watch  towers  extending  G2  miles.  They  date  ap- 
parently from  the  early  centuries  of  the  Christian 
era,  and  were  built  to  protect  the  fertile  part  of 
Seistan.  The  towers  indicate  that  they  wei'e  con- 
necting links  between  the  Great  Wall  of  China  and 
the  Roman  lines  of  Syria. 

Prof.  G.  A.  Roisner  continued  his  excavations 
at  the  pyramids  of  the  twenty-fifth  and  twenty- 
sixth  Egyptian  dynasties  in  the  vicinity  of  Napata. 
Fifteen  kings,  of  whom  the  names  of  only  six 
were  known  before,  have  been  Identified,  and  the 
order  in  which  they  reigned  determined.  In  the 
pyramids  of  Tirhaka  more  than  a  thousand  ushab- 
tis,  five  granite  stehe  of  the  kings,  two  granite 
altars,  two  beautiful  silver  mirrors  and  many  other 
rare  objects  were  found.  Many  of  these  eventually 
will  be  deposited  in  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts  at 
Boston. 

The  New  York  Historical  Society  recently  put  on 
exhibition  one  hundred  and  thirty  Egyptian  ushab- 
tis.  iThe  oldest  of  these  dates  from  the  twelfth 
dynasty. 

ASTRONOMY. 

Many  observatories  sent  out  parties  to  study  the 
total  eclipse  of  the  sun  which  occurred  on  June  8, 
1918.  A  number  of  new  stars  were  discovered  dur- 
ing the  year.  Most  interesting  of  these  was  the 
one  that  aDneared  in  the  constellation  of  Aaujla  on 


CHEMISTRY. 
Practically  all  of  the  chemical  formulas  of  the 
German  coal  tar  products  have  been  secured,  cover- 
ing synthetic  colors,  odors,  flavors  and  explosives. 
Potash  sources  were  the  subject  of  a  world-wide 
search  by  the  Allied  nations.  Extraction  from  flue 
dust  and  coking  gases  seem  most  promising  of  the 
various  methods  of  notash  recovery.     There  are  wide 


Scientific  Progress  in  1918. — Continued. 


729 


deposits  of  potash  brines  in  Western  lakes,  while 
many  seaweeds  have  much  to  offer,  aud  certain 
volcanic  lavas  promise  to  prove  an  important  source. 
Alsace-Lorraine  has  very  rich  deposits  that  have 
never  been  worked,  so  that  Germany's  monopoly  on 
commercial  potash,  as  well  as  her  military  power, 
is  broken.  It  is  estimated  that  American  cement 
plants  and  iron  works  can  produce  nearly  enough 
potash  to  take  the  place  of  the  tonnage  imported 
in  peace  years.  Potash  feldspar,  treated  with 
common  salt,  yields  potassium  chloride,  and  there 
are  large  deposits  of  potash  feldspar  in  Great 
Britain. 

Liquid  air  has  been  adopted  in  Europe  as  a 
saturating  medium  for  cartridges  of  carbonaceous 
material   used  in  blasting  operations  in  coal  mines. 

As  a  result  of  an  agreement  between  the  National 
Radium  Institute  and  the  U.  S.  Bureafl  of  Mines 
for  the  development  of  more  efficient  methods  of 
extracting  radium  from  carnotite  ores,  the  Bureau 
now  has  $180,000  worth  of  radiimi  at  an  outlay  of 
$38,000.  Under  the  new  process  extraction  costs 
only  about  one-third  as  much  as  the  current  price 
of  radium. 

Recent  studies  of  the  Bureau  of  Standards  show 
that  zmc  sulphide,  in  which  the  radium  of  luminous 
compounds  is  embedded,  gets  its  luminosity  from 
the  heat  generated.  The  Bureau  has  also  found 
a  method  of  making  zinc  sulphide  into  short  pieces 
of  wire   or   thin   strips. 

ENGINEERING. 
,  The  problem  of  the  utilization  of  volcanic  heat 
has  been  solved  in  Tuscany.  Wells  are  dug  and 
lined  with  iron  tubes  welded  together  with  an 
oxyhydrogen  flame.  When  it  is  judged  that  the 
hole  has  reached  a  sufficient  depth,  a  sort  of  rough 
piston  is  introduced  into  it  and  then  rapidly  with- 
drawn, provoking  a  small  volcanic  eruption  in 
wliich  the  hole  emits  violently  mud,  stones  and 
boiling  water.  The  eruption  lasts  for  some  minutes 
and    is    succeeded    by    tlie    emission    of    dry    steam. 

William  D.  Sisson  of  Los  Angeles,  California, 
has  perfected  a  deep-sea  spherical  submarine  car 
/or  deep  sea  salvage  work.  This  submarine  is  built 
so  it  can  resist  great  pressure  and  can  work  at 
great  depth  by  means  of  electro-magnets  and 
electrically  driven  drills.  With  it  the  divers  are 
able  to  hitch  huge  cables  to  the  sunken  vessels  and 
to  pump  water  out  of  the  pontoons  to  which  the 
other  end  of  the  cables  are  attached,  thus  providing 
a  buoyancy  which  gradually  brings  the  ship  to  the 
sinface. 

June  14,  1918,  the  Queen  of  Holland  signed  an 
act  providing  for  the  draining  of  the  Zuyde.r  Zee. 
The  completion  of  this  project  wUl  add  52.3,440 
acres  to  Holland's  present  area  of  dry  land.  It  is 
necessary  to  cut  off  the  North  Sea  by  a  massive 
dike  18  miles  Ions,  aud  to  erect  a  barrier  across 
the  Amstel  Diep.  The  dike  wUl  be  built  in  two 
parts,  it  will  have  a  width  of  230  feet,  and  wUl 
cost   more   than    eleven   million    dollars. 

The  high  dam  built  by  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment between  the  cities  of  Minneapolis  and  St. 
PaiU  was  recently  completed.  It  makes  Minneapolis 
the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Mississippi  River. 
Of  the  new  hollow  type  the  dam  is  578  feet  across 
aud  cost  $1,250,000.  The  lock,  on  the  Minneapolis 
side,  is  350  feet  long  and  80  feet  wide. 
GEOGRAPHY. 

North  America— The  National  Geographic  Society 
sent  an  expedition  into  (he  region  of  Mt.  Katmai 
and  the  Valley  of  Ten  Thousand  Smokes  in  the 
spring  of  1918.  it  v,as  the  purpose  of  this  ex- 
pedition, the  fourth  expedition  of  the  National 
Geographic  Society  to  this  region,  to  continue  the 
work  that  had  been  done  in  tlio  previous  expedi- 
tions, and  to  survey  a  route  of  approach  from  the 
Behring  Sea  shore  instead  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 
The  expedition  suvvcyed  a  broad  section  across  the 
base  of  tlie  Alaska  PcninsxUa,  and  mapped  seme 
1,500  square  miles  of  new  territory  between 
Katmai  Bay  and  Naknek.  In  the  Valley  of  Ten 
Thousand  Smokes  it  .succeeded  in  obtaining  the 
first  accurate  measurements  of  the  temperatures  of 
the   vents.      The  highest   temperature   reported   was 


430  degrees  Centigrade,  or  860  Fahrenheit.  The 
1918  expedition  was  preliminary  to  larger  endeavors 
which  will  bo  undertaken  later  under  the  leadership 
of  Prof.  Robert  F.  Griggs  and  under  the  auspices 
of  the  National  Geographic  Society.  Mt.  Katmai, 
the  consequences  of  whose  eruption  have  been 
studied  by  the  series  of  expeditions  of  the  National 
Geographic  Society,  and  whose  crater,  the  largest 
hi  the  world,  was  first  examined  by  these  expedi- 
tions, has  been  found  by  the  Government  to  be  of 
such  great  value  in  the  study  of  the  problems  of 
volcanism  tliat  it  Wi;s  decided  to  set  aside  the 
volcano  and  the  sinrouhding  region  as  a  national 
montunent.  In  pursuance  of  that  decision  President 
Wilson  on  Sept.  24  issued  a  proclamation  creating 
it  as  the  Katmai  National  Monument.  This  national 
morjumcnt  embraces  apprtjximately  1,700  square 
mUes  and  is  the  largest  created  to  date  under  the 
national  laws.  Archdeacon  Stuck,  in  June,  reported 
that  he  had  last  winter  made  a  tour  of  the  whole 
Arctic  coast  of  Alaska. 

.Senor     Luis     Urquijo,     in     connection     with     the 
Mexican    Government    Survey,    determined    the    alti-. 
tudes    of    the    principal    volcanic   pealcs    at    the    tol 
lowing  figures:  Orizaba,   18,5G4.G  feet;  Popocatepetl, 
17.Si3.5   feet;    Malmche,    14,630   feet. 

A  -series  of  very  severe  earthquakes  began  in 
Guatemala  on  Nov.  17,  1917.  They  continued  to 
increase  in  intensity  until  Christmas  night,  when 
Guatemala  City  was  aroused  by  a  terrific  shock. 
There  were  severe  shocks  on  the  27th  and  28th, 
while  on  January  3  tlieie  was  a  more  terrible  visita- 
tion than  anythl)ig  that  had  gone  before.  Again 
jii\  January  24  tliere  was  a  very  severe  quake,  aud 
by  the  time  conditions  became  quiescent  again,  only 
about  5  i)er  cent,  of  the  houses  in  the  city,  which 
has  a  normal  population  of  about  125,000,  were 
left  hi  a  condition  permitting  their  repair.  During 
the  reign  of  terror,  43  distinct  eartliquakes  -took 
place.  Most  of  the  cracks  in  the  earth's  surface 
proceeded  from  tlie  general  direction  of  the  quies- 
cent volcano  Pacaya.  On  April  21,  1918,  the  whole 
of  Southern  California  and  Western  Arizona  was 
siiakeu  by  an  cartliquake  of  marked  intensity.  Tlie 
greatest  damage  occiured  in  the  small  city  of  .San 
Jacinto,  Riverside  County,  California,  wliere  the 
loss  was  estimated  at  more  than  S125.000.  The 
sliock  appears  to  have  been  caused  by  a  slip  along 
the  S/in  Jacinto  fault.  An  earthquake  occurred  in 
Porto  Rico  in  the  early  autumn,  causing  a  loss  of 
i  upward  of  200  lives  and  several  million  dollars 
property   damage. 

Tlie  winter  of  1917-1918  was  one  of  the  coldest 
in  American  history.  It  was  reported  that  for  the 
first  lime  in  the  history  of  that  region  the  main 
channel  used  by  ships  plying  between  Boston  and 
New  York  was  closed  by  a  solid  bridge  of  ice 
between  Nantuclict  and  (ape  Cod.  It  has  hetn 
suggested  that  the  luiusually  cold  winter  may  have 
been  ^ue  to  a  sun  hotter  than  usual,  which  brought 
on  self-perpetuating  cold   waves  and  draughts. 

Europe — The  geographers  of ,  the  world  were  en- 
gaged throughout  the  latter  part  of  the  year  stutly- 
ing  the  racial,  ecouomi?  and  physiographic  problems 
of  Europe,  collecting  material  upon  which  to  base 
the  remade  map  of  that  continent. 

Following  the  action  of  the  French  Navy,  thi- 
British  Admiralty  jimimoned  a  conference  of  rfpre- 
sentatlves  of  the  various  Government  departments 
and  scientific  societies  interested  to  consider  and 
report  upon  the  desirability  of  establishing  a  stand- 
ard time  at  sea  in  the  British  naval  and  merchant 
services.  The  conference  was  of  the  opinion  that 
the  establishment  of  zones  at  sea,  corresponding  to 
the  time  zones  on  land,  is  the  most  practicable 
method  of  obtaining  uniformity  of  time  reckoning 
at  sea,  and  it  recommends  the  adoption  of  the 
botmdaries  of  the  zones  now  in  use  ia  the  French 
Navy. 

Africa— Commandant  Tilho  made  a  report  upon 
his  exploration  of  the  region  between  Tibesfi  and 
Darfiu'  during  the  past  five  years.  He  found  a 
broken  mountainous  area  of  from  10,000  to  I'-'.^SOO 
square  miles  uniting  the  two  territories.  The  high- 
est  elevations    do   not    exceed    5,000    feet,    and    the 


7S0      Catholic  Church  Extension  Society  6}'  the  U.  S.  of  America. 


SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS  IN  lOlS.—Contlnucd. 


territory  is  occupied  by  email  eroiips  of  restless, 
unsubmissive  tribes.  Erdi,  near  the  frontier,  is  a 
part  of  the  Libyan  Desert..  It  lias  no  oases  or 
date  gardens,  but  is  the  natural  refuge  of  a 
number  of  nomadic  tribes  of  astoiiisUing  endurance 
and  audacity.  Commandant  TUho  proved  by  his 
explorations  that  there  is  no  connection  between 
Lake  Chad  and  the  Nile.  Instead  of  a  simple 
moiuitain  range  running  northwest  to  southeast, 
Tibesti  is,  in  reality,  four  or  five  chains  arranged 
as  a  sort  of  fan  pivoted  on  the  massif  of  Kussi. 
The  volcano  Emi-Kussi,  11,100  feet,  high,  has  a 
crater  five  miles  across  in  one  direction  and  seven 
and  one-half  miles  in  the  other.  Its  depth  is  VM 
feet.  Commandant  Tilho's  cartographic  work  fills 
up  a  large  blank  in  the  map  of  Africa.  In  a  paper 
on  "The  Backbone  of  Africa,"  Sir  Alfred  .Sharp 
reports  that  the  fall  of  the  water-level  of  Lake 
Njassa,  which  had  been  continuing  for  miny  years 
prior  to  1915.  has  been  succeeded  by  a  rise.  At  the 
end  of  the  dry  season  in  1917  the  water-level  was 
three  feet  ten  inches  higher  than  at  the  corre- 
sponding date  in  1915. 

Not  .since  the  finding  of  that  strange  beast  the 
okapi  in  the  Congo  forest  has  as  Important  a 
zoological  discovery  been  made  in  Africa  as  the 
finding  of  a  real  dwarf  elephant.  Adult  specimens 
of  this  new  species  attain  no  greater  height  than 
six  feet,  which  is  about  half  the  height  at  the 
shoulder  of  the  ordinary  African  elephant.  Tusks 
of  the  female  weigh  no  more  than  two  pounds  to 
the  pair,  while  the  tusks  of  the  male  reach  seven 
pounds  a  pair.  The  tusks  of  a  well-grown  African 
elephant  often  reach  as  much  as  220  pounds  to  the 
pair.  The  Congo  expedition  of  the  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History  penetrated  into  the 
northeastern  section  of  the  Belgian  Congo  for  a 
distance  of  from  1,200  to  2.000  miles,  making  an 
extremely  interesting  collection  of  large  mammal.s  and 
birds.  ■ 

Asia— The  largo  collection  of  birds  and  animals 
obtained  as  a  result  of  the  American  Museimi's 
Asiatic  Zoological  Expedition  to  China,  conducted 
by  Roy  Chapman  Andrews,  has  been  placed  on  dis- 
play just  as  it  was  received,  instead  of  first  putting 
it  through  the  process  of  preparation. 

A  severe  oaithquake  occunvd  February  12  in 
Swatow.  on  the  southern  coast  of  China.  Several 
hundred  persons  were  killed  and  more  than  a 
thousand  injured.  The  position  of  the  epicentre,  as 
determined  from  records  made  by  the  Japanese,  was 
21  degrees  north  and  llfi  tiegrees  east.  That  the 
duration  of  the  preliminary  tremor  of  an  earth- 
auake  varies  with  the  distance  of  the  epicentre  has 
long  been  known,  though  for  earthquakes  with 
neighboring  origin  no  simple  formula  has  been  de- 
vised for  estimating  the  distances  of  the  epicentre 
from  the  duration  of  the  tremor.  From  a  discus- 
sion of  forty-one  recent  earthquakes  in  Japan,  Prof. 
Omori  shows  that  when  the  distance  does  not 
greatly  exceed  1,000  kilometers,  the  distance  of  the 
epicentre  in  kilometers  is  nearly  7.42  times  tlie 
number  of  seconds  in  the  duration  of  the  prelimi- 
nary tremor. 

Polar  Regions —  During  the  year,  Capt.  Roald 
Amundsen,  discoverer  of  the  South  Pole,  set  out 
in  his  ship  "The  Maude"  on  a  voyage  through  the 
Arctic  Ocean  above  Europe  and  Asia  from  the  At- 
lantic to  the  Pacific.  With  the  piupose  of  deter- 
mining the  drift  of  the  ice  of  the  Polar  seas  he 
built  his  vessel  with  an  egg-shaped  hull  and  per- 


mitted it  to  become  frozen  in  the  ice.  He  drifted 
e.aiitward  toward  the  Siberian  Islands.  At  the  same 
time  Storker  Storkerson  drifted  westward  from 
the  Pacific  Coast  toward  the  same  islands  on  au 
ice   pack,    an   unusually   perilous   undertaking. 

Vilhjalmur  Stefansson.  the  discoverer  of  the 
blond  Eskimos,  returned  to  civilization  and  was 
engaged  at  the  end  of  the  year  lecturing  on  his 
discoveries  in  the  Far  North.  These  include  a  new 
land  discovered  in  1915,  with  its  northern  tip  in 
about  79  degrees  north  and  113  degrees  we.st;  au 
island  lying  between  Ellet  lUngnes  and  Axel  Heibeig 
islands,  and  a  number  of  other  small  islands  in  tlie 
same   region. 

ICnud  llassmussen.  leader  of  the  Danish  "Second 
Thule"  expedition,  returned  to  Copenhagen  after  a 
harrowing  trip  into  the  frozen  North.  Leaving  its 
base  in  North  Star  Bay  in  April,  1917,  the  ex- 
pedition went  to  St.  Georges  Bay,  where  it  hoped  to 
find  game,  but  except  for  a  few  hares  and  a  seal 
or  two  no  game  was  sectired,  and  the  party  had  to 
return  empty-handed.  The  journey  across  the  ice 
cap  was  accomplished  in  the  face  of  terrible  hard- 
ships. The  dogs  were  eaten  one  after  another,  the 
last  one  before  they  reached  Cape  Agassiz,  near 
Humboldt  Glacier.  The  men  were  all  exhausted 
and  starving,  but  Rassmussen,  with  one  Eskimo, 
imshed  forward  to  Etah  to  obtain  aid  for  the 
others.  Dr.  Wulff,  the  botanist,  finally  succumbed, 
but  not  before  dictating  his  botanical  notes  and 
giving  his  companions  messages  for  his  family.  Ho 
Imew  his  fate,  and,  after  bidding  his  associates 
farewell,  resigned  himself  to  it.  Lange  Koch,  tlie 
geographer  and  cartographer  of  the  expedition, 
succeeded  in  leading  the  remainder  of  the  party 
to  safety,  with  the  exception  of  Hendrick  Olsen, 
who  succumbed  to  the  hardships  of  the  journey. 
Rassmussen  succeeded  in  charting  all  of  the  friths 
and  fjords  of  northern  Greenland.  He  found  no 
trace  of  Eskimo  migrations  on  the  northwest  coast. 

GEOLOGY. 

The  Mid-Continent  and  Texas  region,  the  Gulf 
Coastal  Plain,  and  Wyoming  are  regarded  by  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey  as  probably  con- 
taining more  undiscovered  oil  pools  of  great  value 
than  are  to  be  found  in  any  other  part  of  the 
United  States.  In  the  Mid-Continent  field  the 
Osage  Reservation  is  one  of  the  richest  and  most 
promising  areas.  More  than  1,160,000  acres  of 
Osage  land  remains  to  be  opened  up.  The  deepest 
well  in  the  world,  already  7,uC3  feet  deep,  is  now 
being  drilled  on  the  Golf  Farm,  eight  miles  northeast 
of  Clarksburg,  West  Virginia.  The  well  is  near  the 
centre  of  the  great  Appalachian  Coal  Basin,  and 
is  being  drilled  in  search  of  deeper  oil  sands  than 
have  yet  been  reached  in  this  region.  Until  Janu- 
ary 25  the  record  for  depth  was  held  by  a  boring 
at  Czuchow  in  Silesia,  which  had  reached  a  depth 
of  7,349  feet. 

Henry  Fairfield  Osborn  announced  a  new  theory 
of  evolution)  which  he  calls  the  "caso-mechanical 
theory."  Instead  of,  as  most  theorists  do.  starting 
with  life  .already  begun  and  dealing  with  its  sub- 
sequent development,  this  author  begins  with  a  con- 
sideration of  a  lifeless  world  and  discusses  the 
physiochemical  factors  that  favored  the  origin  of 
living  matter.  At  Harvard  University  a  plan  for 
an  investigation  of  the  stratigraphy  of  the  Ordovi- 
cian  formations  of  the  Appalachian  region  was 
approved   and   research   undertaken. 


VOLUNTET-RS   OF    AMERICA. 

Chartered  1896.  National  headquarters,  34  West  Twenty-eighth  Street,  New  York  City.  Gen.  and 
Mrs.  Balllngton  Booth,  Co-Commanders-in  Chief.  Edward  Fielding,  Vice-President.  W.  J.  Crafts,  Treasurer. 
J.  W.  Merrill,  Secretary.  The  organization  is  religious  and  philanthropic,  with  branches  throughout  the 
United  States.  During  the  year,  208,683  free  lodgings  have  been  given  the  poor,  while  229,056  have  been 
furnished  at  &  nominal  charge  or  in  exchange  for  work.    Homes  for,  women  are  maintained. 

CATHOLIC    CHURCH    EXTENSION    SOCIETY    OF    THE    U.    S.    OF    AMERICA. 

Headquarters,  McCormIck  Building,  Chicago.  Chancellor — Most  Rev.  George  W.  Mundelein,  D. 
D  .  Archbishop  of  Chicago.  President— TXX.  Rev.  Francis  C.  Kelley,  D.  D.  ViM-PresMent  and  General 
Secretarv~Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  E.  B.  Ledvlna.  Vice-President  and  Director  Child  Apostles  and  Director  Order  of 
Martha— 'Rev.  W.  D.  O'Brien.  Vice-President  and  General  Counsel — Joseph  D.  Daly.  Treasurer — John  A. 
Lynch.    Secretary  of  the  Board — Warren  A.  Cartler.    Superintendent  of  Chapel  Cars — George  C.  Hennessey, 


Foreign  Envoys  in  the  United  States, 


731 


it.    S.    DIPLOMATIC    AND    CONSULAR    SERVICE. 

(Revised  to  December  5,  1917.) 
Ambassadors  Extraordinary  and  Plenipotentiary. 


Country. 

Argentina 

Brazil 

Chile 

France 

Great  Britain. . 

Belgium 

Bolivia 

Bulgaria 

China 

Colombia 

Costa  Rica 

Cuba 

Denmark 

Dominican  Rep 
Ecuador .... 

Greece 

Guatemala. . 

Hayti 

Honduras.. . 
*Liberla.  . . . 
Montenegro. 


Name  and  State.  Salary. 

.Frederic  J.  Stimson,  Mass.  ..$17,500 

.Edwin  V.  Morgan,  N.  Y 17,500 

.  Joseph  H.  Shea,  Ind 17,500 

.  William  G.  Sharp,  Ohio 17,500 

.John  W.  Davis,  W.  Va 17,500 


Country.  Name  and  Slate. 

Italy Thomas  Nolson  Page,  Va. 

Japan Roland  S.  Morris,  Pa 

Mexico. ...... .Henry  P.  Fletcher,  Pa. . . . 

Russia David  R.  Francis,  Mo. . . . 

Spain Joseph  E.  WlUara,  Va. . . . 


ENVOYS  Extraordinary  and  Ministers  Plenipotentiary. 


Brand  Whitlock,  Ohio S12,000 


Chas.  J.  Vopicka,  111 10,000 

Paul  S.  Reinsch,  Wis 12,000 


Hoffman  Philip,  N.  Y 

Edward  J.  Hale,  N.  C . . . 
Wm.  E.  Gonzales,  S.  C.  , 


10,000 
10,000 
12,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 


.Wm.  W.  Russell,  D.  C 

Charles  S.  Hartman,  Mont. 

Garrett  Droppers,  Mass 10,000 

Wm.  H.  Leavell,  Miss 10,000 

A.  Bailly-Blanchard.  La 10,000 

T.  Sambolo  Jones,  La 10,000 

Joseph  L.  Johnson 5,000 

Garrett  Droppers,  Mass 10,000 

AGENT  and  Consul-General, 

Egypt Hampson  Gary,  Tex $6,500. 

Morocco Maxwell  Blake,  Mo 7,500. 


♦Netherlands. .  .John  W.  Garrett,  Md 

Nicaragua Benjamin  L.  Jefferson,  Colo, 

Norway A.  G.  Schmedeman,  Wis. . . . 

Panama Wm.  J.  Price,  Ky 

Paraguay Daniel  F.  Mooney,  Ohio. . . . 

Persia John  L.  Caldwell,  Kan 

Peru Benton  McMillin,  Tenn 

Portugal Thos.  H.  Birch,  N.  J 

Roumania    and 

Serbia Chas.  J.  Vopicka,  111 

Salvador Boaz  W.  Long,  N.  Mex 

Siam 

Sweden Ira  Nelson  Morris,  111 

Switzerland . . .  .Plea.sant  A.  Stovall,  Ga 

Uruguay Robt.  Emmett  JeSery,  Ark.. 

Venezuela Preston  McGoodwin,  Okla .  . 


Salary 
.$17,500 
.  17,500 
.  17,500 
,  17,500 
.   17,500 

$12,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 


10,000 
.  10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 
10,000 


*Also  represents  Luxemburg. 

Secretaries  of  Embassies  and  Legations 


Country.  Name.  Salary. 

Argentina Warren  D.  Robbins $2,625 

Bolivia Herbert  S.  Godd,  2d — 

Brazil G.  C.  Tarler. .' 2,625 

Bulgaria William  W.  Andrews,  2d 2,000 

Chile F.  O.  de  Billier 2,625 

China Willing  Spencer 3,000 

Colombia Perry  Belden 2,625 

Costa  Rica Stewart  Johnson,  2d 2,000 

Cuba Rutherford  Bingham,  2d 2,625 

Denmark U.  Grant-Smith 3,000 

Dominican  Rcp.Herbert  S.  Goold,  2d 2,000 

France Robert  Woods  Bliss 3,000 

France Arthur  H.  Frazier 3,000 

Great  Britain..  .Edward  Bell 3,000 

Greece Irwin  B.  Loughlin 2,000 

Guatemala Walter  C.  Thurston,  3d — 

Hayti 2,000 

Honduras Chas.  B.  Curtis,  2d 1,500 

Italy Nerval  Richardson 3,000 

Japan J.  W.  Baliantine 2,625 


Country.  Name.  Salary. 

Liberia Richard  C.  Bundy,  3d $2,000 

Luxemburg .  .  .  .Alex.  C.  Kirk,  2d 3,000 

Mexico J.  F.  Martin,  jr.,  2d 3,000 

Montenegro. . .  .Alexander  Benson 2,000 

Netherlands Alexander  C.  Kirk 3,000 

Norway H.  F.  Arthur  Schoenfeld,  2d. .  2,000 

Panama E.  G.  Greene,  2d 2,000 

Paraguay 2,000 

Persia Francis  White 2,000 

Peru W.  W.  Smith 2,000 

Portugal 2,000 

Roumania 2,000 

Russia Norman  Armour •  3,000 

Salvador F.  D.  Arnold 2,000 

Serbia J.  C.  White 2,000 

Siam 2,000 

Spain R.  M.  Scotten .■ . .  3,000 

Sweden Sheldon  Whitehouse 3,000 

Switzerland Hugh  R.  Wilson,  2d 2,000 

Uruguay 2.625 

Venezuela 2.000 


(FOREIGN    ENVOYS    IN 

Argentma — Dr.  Tomas  A.  Le  Breton,  Ambassador. 
Austria-Hungary — Represented  during  the  war  by 

Sweden. 
Belgium — Mr.  E.  de  C.  do  Marchienne,  Minister. 
Bolivia — Senor  Don   Ignacio  Calderon,   Minister. 
Brazil — Alberto  de  Ipanema  Moreira,  Counsellor. 
Bulgaria — Mr.  Stephen  Panaretoff,  Minister. 
Chile— Senor    Don    Gustavo    M.    Vareia,    Charge 

d'Affaires. 
China — Mr.  Vi  Kyuln  Wellington  Koo,  Minister. 
Colombia — Dr.  Carlos  Adolfo  Urueta,  Minister;  Dr. 

Alfonso  Delgado,  Secretary. 

Costa  Rica — Minister. 

Cuba — Dr.  Carlos  Manuel  de  Cespedes,  Minister; 

Dr.  Alfonso  F.  Jorrin,  Secretary. 
Denmark — Mr.  Constantin  Brun,  Minister;  Peter  C. 

Schou,  Secretary. 
Dominican  Rep. — Dr.  Louis  Galvan,  Charge  d'Af- 

Ecuador — Senor    Dr.    Don    Raphael    H.    Elizalde, 

Minister;  Senor  Miguel  A.  de  Ycaza,  Secretary. 
France — Mr.  Jean  J.  Jusserand,  Ambassador;  Charles 

de  Chambrun,  Counsellor. 
German  Empire — Represented  duiing  the  war  by 

Switzerland. 
tU-eat    Britain — Earl    Reading,    Ambassador;    Mr. 

^ColvlUe  Barclay,  Charge  d'Affaires  and  Coun^i^ellor; 

Capt.  Arthur  L.  Snagge,  Naval  Attache;  Henry 

G.  Chilton,  Secretary, 
Greece — Mr.    Georges   Roussos,    Minister;    Mr.    A 

Vouros,  Couasellor. 
Guatemala — Senor  Don  Joaauin  Mendez.  Minister. 


THE    UNITED    STATES. 

Hayti — Solon  Menos,  Minister. 

Honduras — J.  A.  L.  Gutierrez,  Minister;  Senor  Don 
R.  Camilo  Diaz,  Secretary. 

Italy — Count  V.  Macchi  di  Celiere,  Ambassador; 
Baron  Pietro  Arone  d6  Valentino,  .Secretary. 

Japan — Viscount  Kikujiro  Ishli,  Ambassador;  Mr. 
Tokichi  Tanaka,  Counsellor. 

Mexico — Senor  Ing.  Ygnaclo  Bonillas,  Ambassador; 
Senor  Dr.  Juau  B.  Rojo,  Counsellor. 

Netherlands — J.  Theo.  Cramer,  Minister. 

Nicaragua — Senor  Don  Djego  M.  Chamorro,  Min- 
ister. 

Norway — Mr.  H.  H.  Bryn,  Minister. 

Panama — Senor  Dr.  Don  Bellsario  Porras,  Minister; 
Senor  Don  J.  E.  Lefevre,  Secretary. 

Paraguay — Dr.  >.Ianuel  Goudra,  Minister. 

Persia — Mirza  Ali  Kuli  Khan,  Charge  d'A£faire.<!. 

Peru — Mr.  Manuel  de  Freyre  y  Santander,  Mini.ster. 

Portugal— Visconde  de  Alte,  Minister. 

Roumania — George  Danielopol,  Minister. 

Ru.ssia — Mr.  Boris  Bakhmeteff,  Ambassador. 

Salvador — Dr.  Don  Rafael  Zaldlvar,  Minister. 

Serbia — Y.  Simitch,  Charge  d'Affa'ires,  Minister. 

Slam-^Phy4i  Prabha  Karavongse,  Minister;  Mr. 
Edward  H.  Loftus,  Secretary. 

Spain — Senor  Don  Juan  Riano  y  Gayangos,  Ambassa- 
dor. 

Sweden — Mr.  W.  A.  F.  Ekengren,  Minister;  Judge 
Erik  Sjoboru,  Counsellor. 

Switzerland — Dr.  Hans  Sulzer,  Minister;  Dr.  Carl 
Paul  Hubscher,  Secretary. 

Uruguay — Dr.  Carlos  Maria  de  Pena,  Minister. 

Venezuela — Dr.  Don  Santos  A.  Dominicl,  Minister. 
Senor  Don  Luis  Churion.  Secretary. 


732  Masonic  Grand  Lodges  in  the  U.  S.  and,  Canada. 

DOMINION    OF    CANADA. 

(Compiled  for  the  Almanac  by  the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics,  Ottawa.  Canada.) 
Seat  of  Go^'E^NMENT — Ottawa.^ 
GovernoT-Genetal—T>-akf>  of  Devonshire,  K.  G.,  G.  C.  M.  G.,  G.  C.  V.  O.    Salary  S50,000. 

Ministry. 
The  salaiT  of  each  member  of  the  Dominion  Cabinet  holding  a  portfolio  is  87,000  per  annum,  except 
the  Premier,  who  receives  S12,000.    The  leader  of  the  Opposition  receives  $7,000. 


Secretary  of  State  for  External  Affairs — (First  Min- 
ister) Right  Hon.  Sir  Robert  Borden. 

Minister  ^  Trade  and  Commerce — Right  Hon.  Sir 
George  E.  Foster.  Hon.  Frank  Coclu-aue,  With- 
out Portfolio. 

Minister  of  Finance — Hon.  Sir  Thomas  White. 

Minister  of  Justice — Hon.  C.  J.  Doherty. 

Minister  of  Labor — Hon.  Gideon  Robertson. 

Minister  of  Railways  and  Canals — Hon.  J.  D.  Reid. 

Minister  of  Overseas  MilUary  Forces  of  Canada — Hon. 
Sir  Edward  Kemp. 

Minister  of  Soldiers'  CivU  Re-estaUlslimenl — Hon. 
Sir  James  A.  Lougheed. 

Secretary  of  Stale  of  Canada  and  Minister  of  Mines — 
Hon.  Martin  Burrell. 


Postmaster-General — Hon.  P.  E.  Blondin. 

Minister  of  Vie  Interior — Hon.  Arthur  Meighen. 

Minister  of  Marine  and  Fisheries  and  Minister  of  the 
Naval  Service — Hon.  C.  C.  Ballantyne. 

Minister  of  Customs  and  Inland  Revenve—Ylow. 
Arthm-  L.  Slfton. 

Minister  of  Immigration  and  Colonization — Hon.  J. 
A.  Calder. 

President  of  the  Privy  Council — Hon.  N.  W.  Rov/eil. 

Minister  of  Militia  and  Defense — Hon.  S.  C.  Mew- 
burn. 

Minister  of  Agriculture — Hon.  T.  A.  Crerar. 

Minister  of  Public  Works — Hon.  F.  B.  Carvell.  Hon. 
Maclean,  Without  Portfolio. 


Solicitor-General — Hugh  Guthrie. 
Parliamentary  Under-Secretary  of  State  for  External 
Affairs — F.  H.  Keefer. 


A.  K. 
(The  above  form  the  Cabinet.) 

Parliamentary  Secretary  of  the  Department  of  Militia 

and  Defense — Lieut.-Col.  Hugh  Clark. 
Parliamentary  Secretary  of  Soldiers'  Civil  Re-establiih- 

?«ere«— Franklin  B.  McCurdy. 

LIEUTENANT-GOVERNORS  OF  THE  PROVINCES  OP  CANADA. 

Ontario,  I.ieut.-Col.  John  Stratheam  Hendrie,  C.  V.  O.,  September  26,  1914.    Quebec, .     New 

Brunswick,  William  Pugsley,  November  16,  1917.  Nova  Scotia,  Right  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Fltzpatrlck,  Octo- 
ber 21,  1918.  British  Columbia,  Frank  Stillman  Barnard,  December  5,  1914.  Prince  Edward  iKlaiiil, 
Augustine  Colin  Macdonald,  June  3,  1915.  Manitoba,  Sir  James  Albert  Manning  Aiklns,  August  3,  lOKi. 
AlberLa,  Robert  George  Brett,  October  C,  1915.  Saskatchewan,  Richard  Stuart  Lake,  October  6,  1015. 
CHIEF  EXECUTIVE  OFFICER,  YUKON  TERRITORY. 

Yukon  Territory,  George  P.  MacKenzie,  April  1,  1918. 

The  Senate  (Dominion  Parliament)  is  composed  of  96  members.  The  Spealcer's  salary  is  $4,000.  F.:icli 
Senator  receives  a  sessional  Indemnity  of  S2,500,  The  House  of  Commons  is  composed  of  235  members. 
The  Speaker  receives  a  salary  of  34,000.    Each  member  of  the  House  receives  a  sessional  indemnity  of  $2,500. 

High  Commissioner  in  London,  England,  Sir  George  H.  Perley. 


MASONIC    GRAND 

I.ODCES 

IN    THE    U 

.    S.    AND   CANAO;^ 

• 

State. 

No.  of 

Mem- 
bers. 

Grand  Secretary. 

Residence  of 

Secretary. 

Statu. 

No.  of 
Mem- 
bers. 

Grand  Secretary. 

Residence  of 
Secretary. 

Alabama . . . 

29,681 

G.A.Beauchamp 

Montgomery. 

Nebraska. . . 

25,044 

F.  E.  White 

Omaha. 

Alb' ta.  Can. 

7,513 

S.  Y.  Taylor .... 

Calgary. 

Nevada .... 

2,032 

E.D.Vanderleith 

Carson  CUty. 

Arizona .... 

23,560 

G.  J.  Rosknig .  . . 

Tucson. 

N.  Brunsw'k 

3,806 

J.  T.  Hart 

St.  John. 

Arkansas .  . . 

60,384 

F.  Hempstead . . . 

Little  Rock. 

N.  Hamp..  . 

11,111 

n.  M.  Cheney... 

Concor.1. 

B.  Columbia 

2,870 

De  W.  Smith.  .  . 

N.  W'minster 

New  Jersey . 

44,381 

Isaac  Cherry. . . . 

Trenton. 

California... 

7,797 

J.  Whicher 

S.  Francisco. 

N.  Mexico. . 

3,976 

A.  A.  Keen 

Albuquerque, 

19,123 
03,477 

Hamilton. 
Denver. 

New  York .  . 
N.  Carolina . 

211,293 
25.910 

R.  J.  Kenworthy. 
W.  W.  Willson.  . 

N.  Y.  City. 

Colorado .  .  . 

C.  H.  Jacobson... 

Raleigh. 

Connecticut. 

26,954 

G.  A.  Kles 

Hartford. 

N.  Dakota. . 

10,668 

W.  L.  Stockwell. 

Fargo.    . 

Delaware. . . 

3,541 

H.  J.  Guthrie.  .. 

Wilmington. 

Nova  Scotia. 

6,927 

Thos.  Mowbray. 

Halifax. 

Dist.  of  Col . 

10,526 

A.  W.  Johnston. . 

Washington. 

Ohio 

114,293 

J.  H.  Bromwell.  . 

Cincinn.itl. 

Florida 

14,035 

W.  P.  Webster.  . 

Jacksonville. 

Oklahoma .  . 

29,520 

W.  M.  Anderson 

Okla.  City. 

Georgia .... 

43.675 

F.  F.  Baker 

Macon. 

Oregon 

15,207 

J.  F.  Robinson .  . 

Portland. 

Idaho 

5,112 

G.  E.  Knepper .  . 

Boise. 

Penn 

131,954 

J.  A.  Perry 

Philadelphia. 

Illinois 

1,57,208 

Isaac  Cutter. .  .  . 

Camp  Point. 

Pr.  Edw.  Isl. 

854 

W.  P.  DouU 

Chariot  lot'n. 

Indiana .... 

77,847 

C.  W.  Prather. .. 

Indianapolis. 

Quebec 

8,491 

W.  C.  Hagar.... 

Montro.tl. 

Iowa 

56,592 

N.  R.  Parvin 

Cedar  Rapids 

Rhode  Isl. .  . 

9,832 

S.  P.  Williams. . . 

Providctjc^c. 

Kansas 

48,157 

A.  K.  Wilson...  . 

Topeka. 

Saskatch'an. 

7,618 

W.  B.  Tate 

Regina. 

Kentucky... 

47,021 

Dave  Jackson... 

Louisville. 

S.  Carolina. . 

17,397 

O.  F.  Hart 

Columbia. 

Louisiana.. . 

18,314 

J.  A.  Da  villa.... 

New  Orleans. 

S.  Dakota. . . 

12,226 

G.  A.  Pettigrew . 

Sioux  Falls. 

Maine 

31,855 

C.  B.  Davis 

Portland. 

Tennessee... 

30,256 

S.  M.  Kane 

Nashvillo. 

Manitoba. . . 

7,241 

J.  A.  Obas 

Wiimipeg. 

Texas 

71,366 

W.  B.  Pearson .  . 

Waco. 

Mai-yland. . . 

18,552 

Geo.  Cook 

Baltimore. 

Utah 

2,605 

F.  A.  McCarty.. 

Salt  Lake  C. 

Mass'chu'ts. 

72,499 

F.  W.Hamilton. 

Boston. 

Vermont 

14,.533 

H.  M.  Ross 

Burlingtan. 

Michigan.. . 

86,993 

L.  B.  Winsor 

Reed  City. 

Virginia  

26,244 

C.  H.  Nesbitt. . . 

Richmond. 

Minnesota. . 

33,766 

JohnFlshel 

St.  Paul. 

Washington. 

22,573 

H.  W.  Tyler.... 

Tacoma. 

Mississippi. . 
Missouri.... 

20,476 

F.  G.  Speed 

Vicksburg. 

W.  Virginia . 

20,711 

J.  M.  Collins.... 

Charleston. 

70,144  J.  R.  Parson.... 

St.  Louis. 

Wisconsin. . . 

33,299 

W.  M.  Perry. . . . 

Milwaukee. 

Montana.. . 

9,880  Corn.  Hedges .  . . 

Helena. 

W  yomlng . . . 

3,701  M.  M.  Lowndes.-i Lander. 

Total  number  of  members,  1,997,377. 
GRAND    LODGE 


F.   &   A.   M.,    STATE   OF   N.    Y. 


Grand  Master — William  S.  Farmer,  Syracuse.  Deputy  Grand  Master — Robert  H.  Robinson,  New 
York.  Senior  Grand  Warden — Arthur  S.  Tompkins,  Nyack.  Junior  Grand  Warden — Harold  J.  Richardson, 
liOwville.  Grand  Treasurer — Chi-istopher  C.  Molienhauer.  Brooklyn.  Grand  Secretary — Robert  Judaon 
Kenworthy,  Masonic  Hall,  New  York  City. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  UNITED  GRAND  LODGE  OF  ENGLANT5,  1918-1919 
Grand  Master — His  Royal  Highness  The  Duke  of  Connaught  and  Strathearn,  K.  G.   Pro.  Grand  Master 
— Br.  The  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Ampthlll,  G.  C.  S  I.,  G.  C.  I.  E.     Deputy  Grand  Master— Br.  The  Rt.  Hon. 
Thomas  Frederick  Halsey,  P.  C.     Grand  Wardens — His  Grace  The  Duke  of  Abercorn,  P.  G.  W.;  the  Rt. 
Hon.  Lord  Levcrhulme.    Grand  Chaplain — The  Rt.  Rev,  The  Bishop  of  C'lielmsford,  D.  D. 


Cabinets  of  the  World. 


733 


(ta'bUxttn  of  tfje  WiovlXi. 


Premier- 


(Owing  to  the  war,  Cabinets  changed 

BAVARIA. 

-Kurt  Eisner. 


BELGIUM. 

Premier  and  Minister  opState — G.  Cooreman 

Minister  Foreign  Affairs — P.  Hymans. 

Minister   Agriculture  and  Pziblic    Works — G.    Helle- 

putte. 
Minister  War — Gen.  De  Ceuninck. 
Minister  Justice — Henri-  Carton  de  Wiart. 
Minister  jVational  Reconstruction — M.  de  Broqueville. 
Minister  Rail.  Post-Telegr.  and  Marine — M.  Seegcrs. 
Minister  Finance — A.  Van  de  Vyvere. 
Minister  Supplies  and  Ordnance — M.  Van  der  Velde. 
Minister  Fine  Arls — E.  Poullet. 
Minister  Interior — Paul  Berryer. 
Minister  Industry  and  Work — H.  Hubert. 
Minister  Colonies — J.  Renkin. 

DENMARK. 

President  Council  and  Minister  Justice — Carl  Theodor 

Zahle. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Erik  Scavenius. 
Minister  Commerce — Christopher  I'.  Hage. 
Minister  Finance — Dr.  Phil.  Edvard  BrandftS. 
Minister  Defense — Dr.  Phil.  Peter  Munch. 
Minister  Public  Instrziction — Soren  Keiser-Nielsen. 
Minister  Agriculture — Kristjan  Pedersen. 
Minister  Interior — Ove  Rode. 
Minister  Public  Works — Jens  Hasaing  Jorgenscn. 
M Inister Ecclesiastical  A.ifaJrs— Thorvald  V.  Povlsen. 
Minister  without  Portfolio — Thorvald  A.  M.  Stauuing. 
Minister  for  Iceland— Jon  Magnusson. 
Minister  for  Iceland — Sigurd  Eggerz. 
Minister  for  Iceland — Sigurdur  Jonsaon. 

FRANCE. 

Premier  and  Minister  War — Georges  Clemenceau. 

Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Stephen  Pichon. 

Minister  Justice — Louis  Nail. 

Minister  Interior — Jules  Pama. 

Minister  Finance — Louis  Klotz. 

Minister  Marine — Georges  Leygues. 

Minister  Commerce,  Industry,  Posts  and  Telegraphs  and 

Marine — Etienne  Clementel. 
Minister  Public  Works  and  Transports  (Railroad) — 

Albert  Claveille. 
Minister   Armaments   and   War  Fabrications — Louis 

Loucheur. 
Minister  Public  Instruction  and  Fine  Arls — Louis  Laf- 

ferre. 
Minister  Colonies — Henry  Simon. 
Minister  Labor  and  Social  Foresight — M.  CoUiard. 
Minister  Agriculture  and  Provisions — Victor  Boret. 
Minister  Blockade  and  Invaded  Region — Albert  Le- 

bruu. 

GERMANY. 

Chancellor — Friedrich  Ebert. 

Interior — Hugo  Preuss. 

Foreign  Affairs — 

Finance  and  Colonies — Ph.  Scheidemann. 

Demobilization,     Transport,    Justice    and    Health — 

Wilhelm  Dittmann. 
Social  Policy — Richard  Barth. 

.    GREECE. 

President  of  Council  and  Minister  of  War — Eleutherios 

Venlzelos. 
Vice-President,  without  Portfolio — E.  Repoulis. 
Minister  Justice — J.  Tsirimocos. 
Minister  Marine — P.  Coundouriotis. 
Minister  Agricultitre — A.  Michalacopoulos. 
Minister  Finance — Mil  Negrepontis. 
Minister  Public  Instruction  and  Worship — A.  Dingas. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — N.  Politis. 

GREAT  BRITAIN. 

Prime  Minister  and  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury — David 

Lloyd  George. 
Ministers  of  War  Cabinet,  without  Portfolio — Austen 

Chamberlain,  G.  N.  Barnes,  and  Lleut.-Gen.  J.  C. 

Smuts. 
Lord  President  of  the  Council — Earl  Curzon. 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer — A.  Bonar  Law. 
Lord  Chancellor — Lord  Finlay. 
Lord  Privy  Seal — Earl  of  Crawford. 
Secretary  for  Home  Affairs — Sir  George  Cave. 
Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs — A.  J.  Balfour. 
Secretary  for  Colonies — VA'^alter  Long. 


often  late  in  1918  and  are  still  in  flux.) 
Secretary  for  War — Viscount  Milner.  i 
Secretary  for  India — E.  S.  Montagu. 
President  Air  Council — Lord  William  Weir. 
President  Local  Government  Board — W.  H.  fisher. 
President  Board  Trade — Sir  Albert  Stanley. 
Minister  of  Labor — G.  H.  Roberts. 
Minister  of  Information — Lord  Beaverbrook. 
First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty — Sir  Eric  C.  Geddes. 
Minister  of  Munitions — Winston  S.  Churchill. 
Minister  of  Blockade — Worthington  Evans. 
Food  Controller — J.  R.  Clynes. 
Shipping  Controller — Sir  Joseph  Maclay. 
Minister  of  National  Service — Sir  A.  C.  Geddes. 
President  Board  Agriculture-^'R.  E.  Prothero. 
President  Board  Education — H.  A.  L.  Fisher. 
Postmaster-General — A.  H.  Illingworth. 
Attorney-General — Sir  F.  E.  Smith. 
Secretary  for  Scotland — R.  Munro. 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland— \\sco\m\,  French. 
Chief  Secretary  for  Ireland — Edward  Shortt. 

HUNGARY. 

Premier — IMichael  Karolyi. 
Secretary  of  State — Dr.  Franz  Nagy. 
Commerce — -Ernst  Garami. 
Justice  and  Agriculture — Dr.  Barna  Buza. 
Education — Martin  Lovaszy. 
War — Bela  Linder. 

Without  Portfolio — Duke  Theodor  Battyany,  Dr. 
Oscar  Jaszy,  Dr.  Sigmund  Kunfl. 

HOLLAND. 

Minister  Interior — Dr.  G.  L.  M.  H.  Ruys  de  Becren- 

brouck. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Dr.  H.  A.  van  Karnabeek. 
Minister  Justice — Dr.  Th.  Heemskerk. 
Minister  Navy — W.  Naudin  ten  Gate. 
Minister  Finance — Dr.  J.  P.  A.  Lamau  de  Vrles, 
Minister  War — Jhr.  E.  A.  A.  Alting  van  Geusau. 
Minister  Ways  and  Means — A.  A.  H.  W.  Koenig. 
Minister  Agriculture — H.  A.  van  Ysselsteyn. 
Minister  for  the  Colonies — A.  VV.  F.  Idenburg. 

ITALY. 

Premier  and  Minister  Interior — Prof.  Vittorio  E.  Or- 
lando. 

Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Baron  Sidney  Sonnino. 

Minister  Colonies — Signor  Gaspare  Colosimo. 

Minister  Justice — Signor  Ettore  Sacchi. 

Minister  Finance — Signor  I'^ilippo  Meda. 

Minister  Treasury — Francesco  Nitti. 

Minister  War — Lieut.-Gen.  Vittorio  Zupelll. 

Minister  Navy — Vice  Admiral  Alberto  del  Buono. 

Minister  Public  Instruction — Prof.  Agostino  BereiiinL 

Minister  Public  Utilities — Dr.  Luigi  Dari. 

Minister  Agriculture — Dr.  Giambattista  Mlliani. 

Minister  Commerce  and  Labor — Prof.  Augusto  Ciuf- 
felli. 

Minister  Posts — Dr.  Luigi  Fera. 

Secretary  of  State — Prof.  Leonida  Bissolatl. 

Minister  Arms  and  Transports — Senatoi'  Giovanni 
Villa. 

NORWAY. 

Prime  Minister  and  Minister  Agriculture — Gunnar 

Knudsen. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Nils  Ihlen. 
Minister  Finance — Anton  Omholt. 
Minister  Labor — Lars  Abrahamsen. 
Afiyiister  Justice — Otto  Blehr. 
Minister  Commerct — Kristian  Friis  Petersen. 
Minister  Defense — Christian  Holtfodt. 
Minister  Worship  and  Instruction — Jorgen  Lovland. 
Minister  Public  Works — Frederik  Nalum. 
Minister  Food-Provisioning — B.  Stuevold-Hansen. 
Minister  Industrial  Supplies — H.  Hauan. 

POLAND. 

Premier — Andreas  Moraczewski. 
Foreign  Minister — Leon  Yasilewski. 
Minister  of  War — Gen.  Pilsudski. 

PORTUGAL. 

President — Vacant  by  assassination. 
War — Amilcar  Motta. 
Foreign  Affairs — Espirito  S.  Lima. 
Finance — Francisco  X.  Esteves. 
Marine — Jose  C  da  Mala. 
Interior — Jose  T.  de  Soiisa. 


734 


Cabinets  of  the  World — Continued. 


ROUMANIA. 

Pres.  0/ Council — Gen.  Averescu. 
Minister  of  War — G«n.  lancovescu. 
Public  Worts — Gen.  Culcer. 
Inslniction — Mateo  Contacuzino. 
Justice — C.  Argetolanu. 
Agriculture — M.  Notinescu. 
Interior — D.  Saratzeanu. 
Industry  and  Commerce — Luca  Niculeacu. 

RUSSIA. 

(The  last  Kerensky  Cabinet.) 
Premier — Nickolai  Vladimir  Illch  Lenlne. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Leon  Trotzky. 
Minister  Interior — M.  RIskotf. 
Minister  Finance — M.  Svortzoff. 
Minister  Agriculture — M.  MiUutln. 
Minister  Labor — M.  Shllapnlkoff. 
Committee    on     War     and    Marine — Ovalannlkoff, 

Krytenko  and  Blbenko. 
Minister  Commerce — M.  Ogln. 
Minister  Education — M.  Lunacharsky. 
Minister  Justice — M.  Oppokoff. 
Minister  Supplies — M.  Feodorovitch. 
Minister  Posts  and  Telegraphs — M.  Aviloff. 
Minister  Affairs  and  Natloiialiiies — M.  DzbugashvUi, 
Minister  Communications — M.  Rlazanoff. 

.Tlie    Lenlne    Provisional    Government    succeeded 
that  of  Kerensky,  which  was  composed  as  follows: 
Minister-President — Kerensky,     A.     F. 
Minister  War — Gen.  Manlkovsky,  (temporary). 
Minister  Marine — Admiral  Verderevsky. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — M.  J.  Terestchenko. 
Minister  Interior — A.  M.  Nlkltlne. 
Minister  Agriculture — S.  A.  Masloff. 
Minister  Finance — M.  V.  Bernatzky. 
Minister  of  Ways  of  Commrinication  —  A.  V.  Llver- 

ovsky. 
Minister  Justice — P.  N.  Maliantovich. 
Minister  Labor — K.  A.  Gvozdeff. 
Minister  Supplies — S.  N.  Prokopovich. 
Minister  Public  Welfare — N.  M.  Kishkine. 
Minister  of  CuUes-^—\.  V.  Kartasheff. 
Minister  trade  and  Industry — A.  J.  Konovaloff . 
State  CoruroUer — S.  A.  Smirnoff. 
Minister  Public  Instruction — S.  S.  Salazkine. 
Chairman  Economic  Council — S.  N.  Tretlakoff . 

SERBIA. 

Prime    Minister    and   Foreign    Affairs — Nikola    P.- 
Paahltch.  i 

Home  Secretary — Liubomlr  Yovanovitch.  ' 

Minister  War — Gen.  Michel  Rachitch. 
Minister  Justice — Marko  DJurltchitch. 
Minister  Finance — Stoyan  Protitch. 
Minister  Public  Works — Dr.  Momchilo  Nlnchltch. 
Minister  Commerce — Dr.  Velizar  Yankovltch. 
Minister  Education — Mllosh  Trifunovitch. 

SPAIN. 

Prime  Minister — Count  Romanon&s. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Eduardo  Dato. 
Minister  Justice — 

Minister  Finance — Augusto  Gonzalez  Besada. 
Minister  Interior — Marques  de  Alhucemas. 
Minister  War — G«n.  Jose  Marina. 
Minister  Marine — Almlrante  Miranda. 
Minister  Public  Worts — Francisco  Cambo. 
Minister  Public  Instruction — Don  Antonio  Maura. 

SWEDEN. 

Prime  Minister — Nils  Eden,  Ph.  D.  ' 

Minister  Foreign  Affairs — J.  Hellner,  I-L.  D. 

Minister  Jitstice — Ellel  Lovgren. 

Minister  Navy — Baron  E.  K.  Palmstiema. 

Minister  War—E.  A.  Nllson. 

Minister  Finance — F.  W.  Thorsson. 

Minister  of  the  Ittierior — P.  A.  V.  Schotte. 

Minister  Instruction — K.  V.  Ryden. 

Minister  Agriculture — Alfred  Petterson. 

Ministers  tvUhout  Portfolio — B.  Petren,  O.  Unden, 

LL.  D. 

SWITZERLAND 
President  FeSeral  Council  and  Public  Economies — 

Gustave  Ador. 
Secretary  Department  of  Justice  and  Police — Edward 

Mueller. 
Secretary  Posts  and  Railroads — R.  Haab. 
Secretary  Public  Economy — Edmund  Schulthess. 
Secretary  Finances— Giuseppe  Motta. 
Secretary  Department  of  Commerce  an&  Customs— 

Giuseppe  Motta. 
Secretary  Militia — CamlUe  Decoppet.  • 


TURKEY. 

Grand  Vizier — Tcwflk  Pasha. 

Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs— Retast  Pasha. 

Minister  of  Justice — Hayri  Effendi. 

Minister  of  Public  Instruction — Said  Bey. 

Minister  of  Finance — Djavld  Bey. 

Minister  of  Public  Works — Zia  Pasha. 

Minister  of  Supply — Djelal  Mukthar  Bey. 

President  of  the  Council  of  State — Rachkl  Aki  Pasha. 

Sfieik-ul-Islam — Honloussi  Effendi. 

ASIA. 
CHINA. 

President  of  the  Republic — Feng  Kuo-chang. 
MINISTERS. 
Premier — Tuan  Chi-jlu. 
War — Tuan  Chl-Kwel. 
Foreign  Affairs — Lu  Choig-Hslaug. 
Navy — Admiral  Liu  Kuang  Hsun. 
Agriculture — Tien-Wen  Lieh. 
Justice — Chu  Hsen. 
Education — Fu  Tseng-Slang. 
Communications — Tsao  Yulin. 
Finance — Tsao  Yulin. 
Interior — Chin  Nun-Hsun. 

JAPAN. 

It  Is  claimed  that  the  Empire  was  founded  by  the 
first  Emperor,  Jimmu  Tenno,  660  B.  C.  The  suc- 
cession to  the  throne  devolves  upon  the  male  descend- 
ants. By  the  Constitution  of  February  11,  1889,  tlie 
Emperor  has  the  right  of  all  the  executive,  powers, 
assisted  by  the  advice  of  the  Cabinet  Ministers,  wlio 
are  appointed  by  him. 

Emperor — Yoshihito — (Born  August  31,  1879,  suc- 
ceeded to  throne,  July  29,  1912). 

HOUSE  OP  PEERS. 

President — Prince  I.  Tokugawa. 

Vice-President — Marquis  Kuroda. 

Secretary-General — Mr.  K.  Yanaglda. 

The  composition  of  the  House  of  Peers  Is  as  follows: 
Princes  of  Blood,  12;  Princes,  13;  Marquises,  36; 
Counts,  20;  Viscounta,  73;  Barons,  73;  Imi>erinl 
Nominees,  123:  Representatives  of  Highest  Taxpay- 
ers, 45;  total,  395. 

HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

President — Mr.  Y.  Ooka. 

Vice-President — Mr.  K.  Hamada. 

Secretary-General — Mr.  S.  Terada. 

The  number  of  membei'S  is  as  follows:  Seiyukal, 
163;  Kokumlnto,  36;  these  parties  are  pro-Govcni- 
ment;  Kenselkai,  122;  Independents,  60;  total,  381. 

The  Cabinet  consists  of  the  following  members: 

Prime  Minister — Kel  Hara.  Interior — T.  Toko- 
naml.  Foreign  Affairs — Viscount  Uchlda.  Finance 
— Baron  Takahashl.  War — Lleut.-Gea,  Tannka. 
Marine — Admiral  Tomosaburo  Kato.  'Agriculture 
and  Commerce — T.  Yamamoto.  Justice — Kei  Hara. 
Education — T.  Nakahashl.  Communications— V . 
Noda. 

All  members  of  the  new  Cabinet,  except  Admiral 
Kato,  were  appointed  to  the  post  on  September  20, 
1918,  and  all  members,  except  Viscount  Uchida, 
Lleut.-Gen.  Tanaka  and  Admiral  Kato,  belong  to 
the  Seiyukal  Party. 

PERSIA. 
Prime  Minister — Mostow  fl-el-Mamalek. 
Foreign  Affairs — Moshaver  el-Mamalek. 
Minister  War — Moshlr  el-Dowleh. 
Minister  Education — Mota  men-el-Molk. 
Minister  Finance — Mokhber-el-Molk. 
Minister  Justice — Mokhber-es-Saltaneh. 
Minister  Posts  and  Telegraphs — Sardar  Assad. 
Minister  Public  Works — Moin-el-Vezareh. 

SIAM. 

THE  CABINET. 
Minister  Foreign  Affairs — Prince  Devawongse  Varo- 

prakar. 
Minister  Interior — Chao  Phya  Surasiha  Visitlisakdl. 
Minister  Finance — Prince  of  Chandaburi. 
Minister  War — Chao  Bodindhr  Dejanujit. 
Minister  Marine — Prince  of  Nakarasvana. 
Minister  Local  Government — Chao  Phya  Yomaraj. 
Minister    Ways    and   Commu7iications — Chao   Phya 

Wongsa  Nuprabadh. 
Minister  Justice — Chao  Phya  Abhal  Raja. 
Minister  Agriculture — Prince  of  Rachaburl. 
Minister     Public     Instruction — Phya     Dharmaakfli 

Montrl. 


Cabinets  of  the  World— Continued.  735 

CENTRAL    AND    SOUTH    AMERICA. 

ARGENTINA. 

President — Sr.  Hipolito  Irigoyen.     VUe-PresiderU — Pelaglo  Luna.   • 
THE  CABINET. 
Interior — Dr.  Domingo  E.  Salaberry  (ad.  in).     Foreign  Relations  and  WowAip— Honorlo  Pueyrrrdon. 
Treasury — Dr.   Domingo  E.   Salaberry.     Justice  and  Public  Instruction— 3ose  S.   Salinas.     Agriculture — 
Alfredo  Deinarchi.     Public  Works — Pablo  Torrello.     War — .Julio  Moreno.     Navy — Frederico  Alvarez  de 
Toledo.  

BOLIVIA. 

President — Jose  Gutierrez  Gucrra. 

First  Vice-President — Ismael  Vazquez. 

Second  Vice-President — Jose  S.  Quinteros. 

THE  CABINET. 

Foreign  Affairs  and  Worship — Dr.  Ricardo  Mujia.     Interior  and  Imvrovcments — Dr.  Julio  Zaraora. 

Treasury — Dario  Gutierrez.    Justice  and  Industry — Julio  A.  Gutierrez.    Public  Inslntction  and  Agriculture — 

Ctaudio  Sanjines  T.     Ti'a;'  and  ColonA.es— Gen.  FermLii  Prudeneio. 

BRAZIL.' 

President— tir.  Francisco  R,  Alvez. 

THE  CABINET. 

Foreign  Affairs — Sr.  Nilo  Peeanha.    Treasury — Antoulo  Carlos  Ribeiro  de  Andrada.    Public  Works  and 

Trans isorlation — A.  Iravares  de  Lyra.     Interior  and  Justice — Dr.  Carlos  Maximiliano  Pereira  los  Shjiios. 

Agriculture,  Industry  and  Commerce — Joao  Goncalves  Pereira  Lima.    Navy — Admiral  Alexandrlno  Faria  de 

Aieiicar.     War — Gen.  Caetano  de  Faria. 

CHILE, 

President — Juan  Luis  Sanfueutes. 
THE  CABINET. 
Interior — Artuvo  Alessandri.     Foreign  Affairs,  Worship  and  Colonization — -Daniel  Fcliu.     Justice  aiid 
Piiolic  Instruction— Pedro  Aguirre  Cerda.    Finances — Louis  Claro  Solar,     II'h;-  and  Nary — Jorge  Valdivieso 
Blanco.     Industry,  Public  Works  and  Railroads — Ramon  Briones  Luco. 

COLOMBIA. 

President — Marco  Fidel  Suarcz. 

*First  Dcsignudo — Gen.  Pedro  Nel  O.sldna. 

*Sccond  Designado — Pedro  A.  Molina. 

thp:  cabinet. 

Interior — Dr.  Pedro  Antonio  Molina.  Foreign  Affairs — Gen.  Jorge  Holguin.  War — Dr.  Jorge  Roa. 
Finance — Pedro  A.  Lopez.  Treasury — Dr.  Marcelino  Araugo.  Public  Instruction — Dr.  Emilio  Ferrero. 
Public  Works — Rafaeldel  Con-al.    Agriculture  and  Commerce — Dr.  Simon  Aranjo. 

♦Designated  lor  the  Presidency^ 

COSTA     RICA. 

President — Frederieo  Tinoca  Granados. 
*First  Designado — Rafael  Caue.s  Mora. 
THE  CABINET. 
Stale,  Foreign  Relations,  AUorney-Gmwal,  Worship  and  Charities — Dr.  Carlos  Lara.    State,  Interior  and 
Police — Amadeo  Johanning.    Secretary  of  Treasury  and  Commerce — Enrique  Ortiz  Rivera.    Secretary  of  War 
and  Marine — Jose  Joaquin  Tinoco  Granados.     Secretary  of  Improvements — Alejandro  AguJlar  Mora.     Sec- 
retary of  Public  Instruction — Anastasio  Alfaro  Gonzalez. 

TH^     CUBAN      GOVERNMENT. 


President — Gen.  Mario  Garcia  Menocal. 

Tice-PresidCT« — Gen.  Emilio  Nunez. 

Secretary  of  Slate — Dr.  Pablo  Desvernine. 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury — Dr.  Leopoldo  Cancio  Luna. 

Si-cretary  of  Government — Dr.  Juan  Montalvo. 

Secretary  of  Justice — Dr.  Luis  Azcarate. 

Secretary  of  Public  Works — Col.  Jose  Ramon  Villalon. 


.Sec.  of  Agrlc,  Com.  and  Labor — E.  S.  Agramonte. 
Sec.  Pub.  Instr.  and  Fine  Arls — Dr.  F.  D.  Roldan. 
Secretary  of  the  Presidency — Dr.  Rafael  Montoro. 
Sec.  Pub.  Health  and  Char. — Dr.  F.  Mendez  Cai/Ote, 
Sec.  War  and  Marine — Gen.  Jose  M.  Z.  Bazan. 
President  of  the  Senate — Dr.  Ricardo  Dolz. 
Speaker  House  of  Rep. — Migiiel  Coyula. 


ECUADOR. 

President — Dr.  Alfredo  Baqiierizo  Moreno. 
THE  CABINET. 
Interior — Dr.  Jose  Maria  Ayora.    Foreign  Affairs — Dr.  Carlos  Tobar  y  Borgono>    Treasury  atut  Public 
Credit — Miguel  G.  Hurtado.    Public  Instruction — Dr.  Manuel  E.  Escudero.    Minister. of  War  and  Navy— 
Sr.  Rafel  Pino  and  Roca. 

GUATEMALA. 

President — Lie.  Manuel  Estrada  f  abrera. 
*First  Designado — Gen.  Ivlarian;   :-<^rr.ano. 
"Second  Designado — Gen.  Manuel  Ouiule. 
THE  CABINET. 
Interior  and  Jvstice — Lie.  Jose  Maria  Reyna  Andrade.    Fon.nn  Relaiions — Dr.  Luis  Toledo  Herrarte. 
Treasury  and  Public  Credit — Sr.  Guillermo  Aguirre.    War — J.  M.  Letona  R.,  Sub-Secretary.    Improiemcnts 
— Sr.  Luis  F.  Mendizabal.    Public  Instruction — Lie.  J.  EduarUo  Glron. 
♦Designated  lor  the  Presidency. 

HAYTI. 

President — M;  Philippe  Sudre  Dartiquenave. 
Foreign  Relations  and  Justice— M.  E.  G.  Laporte.     Treasury  and  Department  of  Commerce — M.  Louis 
Borno.     Public  Instruction— M.  Dantes  Bellegarde.     Secretary  of  Public  Works  and  AgricuUvre — M.  Louis 
Roy.     Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  Ecclesiastical  Affairs — M.  B.  Dartiguenavc. 

i-IONDURAS. 

President — Dr.  Francisco  Bertraiid.  .    ,,   ,  , 

First.  Second  and  Third  "Designados" — Lie.  Francisco  Escobar,  Dr.  Naziro  Soriano,  Dr.  Pedro  A.  Medal. 

THE  C.4BINET.  ,,   .. 

Minister  of  Foreign  Ag'airs^—DT.  Mariano  Vasquez.  IntcHor  and  Justice — Dr.  Don  Francisco  J.  Mejia. 
Minister  of  Finance — Gen'.  Leopoldo  Cordova.  Minister  of  War  and  Navy — G.  Bustillo  G.  Minister  or 
Public  Inuructlon — Lie.  Silverio  Lainez.  Public  Works  and  Improvements  attd  Agriculture — Dr.  Manuel  ». 
Lopez. 


736  Cabinets  of  the  WorJd—Conlinued. 

MEXICO. 

President — Venustiano  Caminza. 
THE  CABINET. 
Foreign  Relations — Gen.  Candido  Aguilar,  Secretary.  Interior — Lie.  Manuel  Aguirre  ISerlanga,  Sec- 
retary. Fomento  and  Agriculture — Ing.  Pastor  Roualx,  Secretary.  Finance — Rafael  Nieto,  Acting  Secretary. 
War  and  Marine — Gen.  J.  Agustln  Castro,  Acting  Secretary.  Commerce  and  Industry — Ing.  Albeito  J. 
Paul,  Secretary.  Communications  and  Public  Works — Ing.  Manuel  Rodriguez  Gutierrez,  Acting  Secretary. 
There  are  three  departments  not  members  of  the  Cabiuet:  Sanitation — Dr.  J.  M.  Rodriguez,  Chairman  bt 
the  High  Board  of  Health.  UniversUu-^Rcctor  Lie.  Jose  N.  Macias.  Attorney-General — Pasoual  Morales 
Molina. 

NICARAGUA. 

President — Gen.  Emlliano  Chamorro. 

First  Designado — Salvador  Chamorro. 

Second  Designado — Vicente  Rappaccioli 

THE  CABINET. 

Foreign  Relations — ]3r.  J.  Andres  Urtecho.     Minister  of  Interior — Salvador  Castrillo.     Treasury  and 

Public  Credit — Salvador  Xlmenez.    War  and  Marine — Gen.  Thomas  Masl.s.    Imjnovemcnt  and  Public  Works 

— Alfonso  Solorzano.    Public  Instruction — David  Arellano. 


PANAMA. 

President — Dr.  Belisario  Porras. 

*First  Designado — Dr.  Belisario  Porras. 

*Second  Designado — Gen.  Pedro  A.  Diaz. 

*TMrd  Designado— Ernesto  T.  Lefevre. 

THE  CABINET. 

Foreign  Affairs — Ernesto  T.  Lefevre.     Treasury  and  Finance — Aurello  Guardia.    Interior  and  Justice 

— Juan  B.  Sosa.    Public  Instruction — Guillermo  Andreve.    Improvements  and  Public  WorKs — Jose  Agustln 

Arango,  Sub-Secretary. 

♦Designated  for  the  Presidency. 


PARAGUAY. 

President — Manuel  Franco. 
Vice-President — Jose  P.  Montero. 
THE  CABINET. 
Foreign  Affairs — Eusebio  Ayala.      War  and  Navy — Eraillano  Gonzalez   Navero.     Interior — Luis 
Riait.    Finance — Francisco  Sosa  Gaona.    Minister  of  Justice,  Education  and  Worship — Fell.x  Palva. 


PERU. 

President — Dr.  Jose  Pardo. 

First  Vice-President — Ricardo  Bentin. 

Second  Vice-President — Vlce-Admiral  M.  Meliton. 

THE  CABINET. 

Foreign  Affairs — Francisco  Tudcla.     Interior  and  Police — Dr.  Samuel  Sayan  and  Palacios.     Justice. 

Worship,   Instruction  and  Charities — Ricardo   L.   Flores.     Finance  and  Conunerce — Victor   M.    Maiutua. 

Minister  of  War  and  Navy — Sr.  Cateriano.     Public  Works  and  Improvements — Clcraenti  J.  Rcvilla. 


SALVADOR. 

President — Carlos  Melendez. 
*Flrst  Designado — Gen.  Jose  Miguel  Batres. 
*Second  Designado — Dr.  Tomas  Garcia  Palomo. 
*Third  Designado — Dr.  Ramon  Garcia  Gonzalez. 
THE  CABINET. 
Foreign  Affairs — Francisco  Martinez  Suarez.    Minister  of  Finance  and  Public  Credit — Tomas  G.  Palomo. 
War  and  Navy — Enrique  Cordova.    Interior  and  Improvemenis — Cecillo  Bustamante.    Public  Instruction — 
Dr.  Francisco  Martinez  Suarez.    Justice — Dr.  Francisco  Martinez  Suarez.    Charities — Sr.  Palomo. 
♦Designated  for  the  Presidency. 


URUGUAY. 

President — Dr.  Feliciano  Vlera. 
THE   CABINET. 
Interior — Dr.  Pablo  Varzl,  jr.    Foreign  Affairs — Dr.  Bnltasar  Brum.    Finance — Federico  R.  Vidiella. 
Public  Works — A.  Santiago  Rivas.    Industries — Dr.  Justlno  Jimenez  de  Arechaga.    Public  Instruclion—Or. 
Rodolfo  Mezzera.     War  and  Marine — Dr.  Arturo  Gaye. 


VflMEZUELA. 

Provisional  President — Dr.  Victorino  Marquez  Bustillos.     (Gen.  Juan  Vicente  Gomez  re-elected  In  May, 

1916,  but  has  not  taken  office). 

First  Vice-President — Dr.  R.  Rojas  Fernandez. 

Second  Vice-President — Caracciolo  Parra  Picon. 

THE  CABINET. 

Interior — Geu.  Ignacio  Andrade.     Foreign  Affairs — Dr.  Bernardino  Mosquera.     Finances  and  Public 

Credit — Dr.  Roman  Cardenas.    Army  and  Navy — Dr.  C.  Jimenez  Rebolledo.    Minister  for  the  Promotion  of 

Agriculture,  Commerce,  Mines,  Post  and  Telegraph — Dr.   Gumersindo  Torres.     Public   Works — Dr.   Luis 

Velez.    Public  Edxication — Dr.  R.  Gonzalez-Rincones. 


DOMINICAN     REPUBLIC. 

Provisional  President — Dr.  Francisco  Henriques  y  Carvajal. 
THE  CABINET. 
Secretary  of  Interior  and  Police — Federico  Henrlquez  y  Carvajal.  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs — Jose  M. 
Cabral  y  Baez.  Secretary  of  Treasury  and  Commerce — Lie.  Francisco  J.  Peynado.  Secretary  of  Public  In- 
struction and  Justice — Emillo  Prudhomme.  Secretary  of  Improvements  and  Communications — Ellseo  EspalUet. 
Secretary  of  War  atid  Marine — Gen.  Miguel  Mascaro.  Secretary  of  Agriculture  and  Immigration — Eladio 
Saachez. 


War  Chronology. 


737 


WAR    CHRONOLOGY -CHIEF    EVENTS    FROM    BECINNINC    TO    DEC.    IS,   1917. 

(Compiled  by  the  Committee  on  Public  Information.) 


1914. 

June  za — Muraer  ui.  Sarajevo  of  the  Archduke  Fran- 
cis Ferdinand. 

July  23 — Austro-Hungarlan  ultimatum  to  Serbia.  _ 

July  28 — Austria-Hungary  declares  war  ou  Serbia.  " 

July  31 — General  mobilization  in  Russia.  "State  of 
war"  declared  in  Germany. 

Aug.  1 — Germany  declared  war  on  Russia  and  in- 
vaded Luxemburg. 

Aug.  2 — German  ultimatum  to  Belgium,'  demanding 
a  free  passage  for  her  troop*  across  Belgium. 

Aug.  3 — Germany  declares  wur  on  France. 

Aug.  4 — Great  Britain's  ultimatum  to  Germany  de- 
manding assurance  that  neutrality  of  Belgium 
would  be  respected.  War  declared  by  Great  Britain 
on  Germany. 

Aug.  4 — President  Wilson  proclaimed  neutrality  of 
United  States. 

Aug.  4-26 — Belgium  overrun;  Liege  occupied  (Aug. 
9);  Brussels  (Aug.  20);  Namur  (Aug.  24). 

Atlg.  (3 — Austria-Hungary  declares  war  on  Russia. 

Aug.  10 — France  declares  war  on  Austria-Hungary. 

Aug.  12 — Great  Britain  declares  war  on  Austria- 
Hungary. 

Aug.  Ifr—Britlsh  expeditionary  force  landed  in 
France. 

Aug.  18 — Russia  completes  mobilization  and  invades 
East  Prussia. 

Aug.  21-23 — Battle  of  Mons-Charleroi.  Dogged  re- 
treat of  French  and  British  In  the  face  of  the  Ger- 
man invasion. 

Aug.  23 — Tslngtau  bombarded  by  Japanese. 

Aug.  25-Dec.  15 — Russians  overrun  Galicia.  Lem- 
berg  taken  (Sept.  2);  Przemysl  first  attacked  (Sept. 
16);  siege  broken  (Oct.  12-Nov.  12).  Fall  of 
Przemysl  (March  17,  1915).  Dec.  4,  Russians  Sj-j 
miles  from  Cracow. 

Aug.  26 — Germans  destroyed  Louvain. 

iiu6.  ^u — Allies  conquer  Togoland,  in  Africa. 

Aug.  26 — Russians  severely  defeated  at  Battle  of  Tan- 
nenberg,  in  East  Prussia, 

Aug.  28 — British  naval  victory  in  Helgoland  Bight. 

Aug.  31 — Allies  line  along  the  Seine,  Marue  and 
Meuse  Rivers. 

Aug.  31 — Name  St.  Petersburg  changed  to  Petrograd 
by  Russian  decree. 

Sept.  3 — French  Government  removed  (temporarily) 
from  Paris  to  Bordeaux. 

Sept.  5 — Great  Britain,  France  and  Russia  sign  a 
treaty  not  to  make  peace  separately. 

Sept.  6-10 — Battle  of  the  Marne.  Germans  reach 
the  extreme  point  of  their  advance;  driven  back 
by  the  French  from  the  Marne  to  the  River  Aisne. 
The  battle  Une  then  remained  practically  station- 
ary for  three  years  (front  of  300  miles). 

Sept.  7 — Germans  take  Maubeuge. 

Sept.  11 — An  Australian  expedition  captures  New 
Guinea  and  the  Bismarck  Archipelago  Protectorate. 

Sept.  1(3 — Russians,  under  Gen.  Rennenkampf,  driven 
from  East  Prussia. 

Sept.  22 — Three  British  armored  cruisers  sunk  by  a 
Bubmarine. 

Sept.  27 — Successful  invasion  of  German  Southwest 
Africa  by  Gen.  Botha. 

Oct.  9 — Germans  occupy  Antwerp. 

Oct.  13 — Belgian  Government  withdraws  to  Le 
Havre,  in  France.    Germans  occupy  Ghent. 

Oct.  16-28 — BatUe  of  the  Yser,  In  Flanders.  Bel- 
gians and  French  halt  German  advance. 

Oct.  17-Nov.  17 — French,  Belgians  and  British  re- 
pulse German  drive  in  first  battle  of  Ypres,  saving 
Channel  ports  (decisive  day  of  battle,  Oct.  31). 

Oct.  21 — The  Bale  of  alcohol  forbidden  in  Russia 
until  the  end  of  the  war. 

Oct.  21-28 — German  armies  driven  back  in  Poland. 

Oct.  28 — De  Wet's  Rebellion  in  South  Africa. 

Nov.  1 — German  naval  victory  in  the  Pacific,  off  the 
coast  of  Chili. 

Nov.  3 — German  naval  raid  into  English  waters. 

Nov.  5 — Great  Britain  declared  war  on  Turkey; 
Cyprus  annexed. 

Nov.  7 — Fall  of  Tslngtau  to  the  Japanese. 

Nov.  10-Dec.  14 — Austrian  invasion  of  Serbia  (Bel- 
grade taken  Dec.  2,  recaptured  by  Serbians  Dec. 
14). 

Nov.  10 — German  cruiser  EmdeQ  caught  and  fle- 
stroyed  at  Cocos  Island. 


Nov.  13 — Proclamation  by  the  President  of  the 
United  States  of  neutrality  of  the  Panama  Canal 
Zone. 

Nov.  21 — Basra,  ou  Persian  Gulf,  occupied  by  British. 

Dec.  8 — British  naval  victory  off  the  Falkland 
Islands. 

Dec.  8 — South  African  rebellion  collapses. 

Dec.  9 — French  Government  returned  to  ParJa. 

Dec.  16 — German  warships  bombarded  West  Hartle- 
pool, Scarborough  and  WTiitby. 

Dec.  l7^Egypt  proclaimed  a  British  Protectorate, 
and  a  new  ruler  appointed  with  title  of  Sultan. 

Dec.  24 — First  German  air  raid  on  England. 

1915. 

Jan.  1-Feb.  15 — Russians  attempt  to  cross  the  Car- 
pathians. 

Jan.  7 — The  sale  of  absinthe  forbidden  in  France  for 
the  duration  of  the  war. 

Jan.  20 — American  neutrality  explained  and  defended 
by  Secretary  of  State  Bryan. 

Jan.  24 — British  naVal  victory  in  North  Sea  o£f 
Doggerbank. 

Jan.  25 — Second  Russian  invasion  of  East  Prussia. 

Jan.  28 — American  merchantman  William  P.  Frye 
sunk  by  German  cruiser  Priuz  Eitel  Friedrlch. 

Feb.  4 — Germany's  proclamation  of  "war  zone" 
around  the  British  Isles  after  Feb.  18. 

Feb.  10 — United  States  note  holding  German  Gov- 
ernment to  a  "strict  accountability"  if  any  mer- 
chant vessel  of  the  United  States  is  destroyed  or 
any  American  citizens  lose  their  lives. 

Feb.  16 — Germany's  reply  stating  "war-zone"  act  is 
an  act  of  self-defense  against  illegal  methods  em- 
ployed by  Great  Britain  in  preventing  commerce 
between  Germany  and  neutral  countries. 

Feb.  18 — German  official  "blockade"  of  Great  Britain 
commenced.  German  submarines  begin  campaign 
of  "piracy  and  pillage." 

Feb.  19 — Anglo-French  squadron  bombards  Darda- 
nelles. 

Feb.  20 — United  States  sends  Identic  note  to  Great 
Britain  and  Germany  suggesting  an  agreement  be- 
tween these  two  powers  respecting  the  conduct  of 
naval  warfare. 

Feb.  28 — Germany's  reply  to  identic  note. 

March  1 — Announcement  of  British  "blockade;" 
"Orders  in  Council"  issued  to  prevent  commodities 
of  any  kind  from  reaching  or  leaving  Germany. 

March  10 — British  capture  Neuve  Chapelle. 

March  17 — Russians  captured  Przemysl  and  strength- 
ened their  hold  on  the  greater  part  of  Galicia. 

March  28 — British  steamship  Falaba  attacked  by 
submarine  and  sunk  (111  lives  lost;  1  American). 

April  2 — Russians  fighting  in  the  Carpathians. 

April  8 — Steamer  Harpalyce,  In  service  of  American 
Commission  for  Aid  of  Belgium,  torpedoed;  15  lives 
lost. 

.'Vpril  17-May  17 — Second  Battle  of  Ypres.  British 
captured  Hill  60  (April  19);  (April  23);  Germans 
advanced  toward  Yser  Canal.  Asphyxiating  gas 
employed  by  the  Germans.  Failure  of  Germany 
to  break  through  the  British  lines. 

April  22 — German  Embassy  sends  out  a  warning 
against  embarkation  on  vessels  belonging  to  Great 
Britain. 

April  26 — Allied  troops  land  on  the  Gallipoli  Penin- 
sula. 

April  28 — American  vessel  Cusliing  attacked  by  Ger- 
man aeroplajse. 

April  SO^Germans  invade  the  Baltic  Provinces  of 
Russia. 

May  1 — American  steamship  Gulfllght  sunk  by  Ger- 
man submarine;  2  Americans  lost.  Warning  of 
German  Embassy  published  in  .dally  papera.  Lus- 
itania  sails  .it  12.20  noon. 

May  2 — Russians  forced  by  the  combined  Germans 
and  Austrians  to  retire  from  their  positions  in  the 
Carpathians.     (Battle  of  the  Dunajec.) 

May  7 — Cunard  Line  steamship  Lusltania  sunk  by 
German  submarine  (1,154  lives  lost,  114  being 
Americans). 

May  8 — Germans  occupy  Libau,  Russian  port  on.the 
Baltic. 

May  9-June — Battle  of  Artois,  or  Festubert  (near  La 
Bassee). 

May  10 — Message  of  sympathy  from  Germany  on 
loss  of  American  lives  by  sinking  of  Lusltania. 


738 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


May  12 — South  African  troops,  under  Gen.  Botha, 
occupy  capital  of  German  Southwest  Africa. 

May  13— American  note  protests  against  submarine 
policy  culminating  in  the  sinlsing  of  the  LUsitanla. 

May  23 — Italy  declared  war  on  Austria-Hungary. 

May  25 — Coalition  Cabinet  formed  in  Great  Britain; 
Aaqulth  continues  to  be  Prime  Minister. 

May  25 — American  steamsliip  Nebrasican  attacked 
by  submarine. 

May  28 — Gei-many'3  answer  to  American  note  of 
May  13. 

June  1 — Supplementary  note  from  Germany  in  re- 
gard to  the  Gulflight  and  Gushing. 

June  3 — Przemysl  retaken  by  Germans  and  Austrians. 

June  8 — Resignation  of  William  J.  Bi-yan,  Secretary 
of  State. 

June  9 — Monfalcone  occupied  by  Italians,  severing 
one  of  two  railway  lines  to  Trieste. 

June  9 — United  States  sends  second  note  on  Lusitania 
case. 

June  22 — The  Austro-Germans  recapture  Lemberg. 

July  2 — Naval  action  between  Russian  and  German 
warships  in  the  Baltic. 

July  8 — Germany  sends  reply  to  note  of  June  9  and 
pledges  safety  to  United  States  vessels  in  war  zone 
under  specified  conditions. 

July  15^ — Germany  sends  memorandum  acknowledg- 
ing submarine  attack  on  Nebraskan  and  expresses 
regret. 

July  IS — Conquest  of  German  Southwest  Africa  com- 
pleted. 

July  21 — Third  American  note  on  Lusitania  case  de- 
clares Germany's  communication  of  July  8  "very 
tinaatlsfactory. 

July  12-Sept.  18 — German  conquest  of  Russian 
Poland.  Germans  capture  Lubin  (July  31),  War- 
saw (Aug.  4),  Ivangorod  (Aug.  5),  Ko\'no  (Aug. 
17),  Nowogeorglewsk  (Aug.  19),  Brest-Lltovsk 
(Aug.  26).  Vilna  (Sept.  18). 

July  25 — American  etearaship  Leelanaw  sunk  by 
submarine;  carrying  contraband:  no  lives  lost. 

Aug.  4 — Capture  of  Warsaw  by  Germans. 

Aug.  15 — National  registration  in  Great  Britain. 

Aug.  19 — White  Star  liner  Arabic  sunk  by  submarine; 
16  victims,  2  Americans. 

Aug.  2(>— Italy  declared  war  on  Turkey. 

Aug.  24 — German  Ambassador  sends  note  in  regard 
to  Arabic.  Loss  of  American  lives  contrary  to  in- 
tention of  the  German  Government  and  )s  deeply 

Sept.  1 — Letter  from  Ambassador  von  Bcrnstorft  to 
Secretary  Lansing  giving  assurance  that  German 
submarines  will  sink  no  more  liners  without  warn- 
ing. Indorsed  by  the  German  Foreign  Office  (Sept. 
14). 

Sept.  4 — Allan  liner  Hesperian  sunk  by  German  sub- 
marine: 26  lives  lost,  1  American. 

Sept.  7 — German  Government  sends  report  on  the 
sinking  of  the  Arabic. 

Sept.  8 — United  States  demands  recall  of  Austro- 
Hungarian  Ambassador,  Dr.  Dumba. 

Sept.  14 — United  States  sends  summary  of  evidence 
in  regard  to  Ai-abic. 

Sept.  18 — Fall  of  Vllna;  end  of  Russian  retreat. 

Sept.  25-Oct. — Fi-ench  offensive  In  Champagne  tails 
to  break  through  German  lines. 

Sept.  27 — British  progress  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Loos. 

Oct.  4 — Russian  ultimatum  to  Bulgaria. 

Oct.  5 — Allied  forces  land  at  Salonlca,  at  the  invita- 
tion of  the  Greek  Government. 

Oct.  5 — German  Government  regrets  and  disavows 
sinking  of  Arabic  and  is  prepared  to  pay  indem- 
nities. 

Oct.  6-Dec.  2 — Austro-German-Bulgarian  conquest 
of  Serbia.  Fall  of  Nlsh  (Nov.  5),  of  Prizrend  (Nov. 
30),  of  Monastir  (Dec.  2). 

Oct.  14 — Great  Britain  declared  war  against  Bulgaria. 

Oct.  20 — German  note  on  the  evidence  in  the  Arabic 
case. 

Nov.  10 — Russian  forces  advance  on  Teheran  as  a 
result  of  pro-German  activities  In  Pei'sia. 

Dec.  1 — British,  under  Gen.  Townshend,  forced  to 
retreat  from  Cteslphon  to  Kut-el-Amara. 

Dec.  4 — United  States  Government  demands  recall 
of  Capt.  Karl  Boy-Ekl,  German  naval  attache,  and 
Capt.  Franz  von  Papen,  military  attache. 

Dec.  6— Germans  captured  Ipek  (Montenegro). 

Dec.  10 — Boy-Ed  and  von  Papen  recalled. 

Dec.  13 — Briti.sh  defeat  Arabs  on  western  frontier  of 
Egypt. 


Dec.  15 — Sir  John  French  reUred  from  command  ol 

the  army  In  France  and  Plwideis.  and  la  succeeded 

by  Sir  Douglas  Haig. 
Dec.  17 — Russians  occupied  Hamadan  (Persia). 
Dec.  19 — The  British  forces  withdrawn  from  AI12S0 

and  Sulva  Bay  (GalUpoli  Peninsula).  ' 

Dec.  26 — Russian  forces  In  Persia  occupied  Kaphas. 
Dec.  30 — British  passenger  steamer  Persia  sunk  iD 

Mediterranean,  presumably  by  submarine. 

1916. 

Jan.  8 — Complete  evacuation  of  Gallipoli. 

Jan.  13 — Fall  of  Cettinje.  capital  of  Montenegro. 

Jan.  18 — United  States  Government  sets  forth  a  de- 
claration of  principles  regarding  submarine  attacfes 
and  asks  whether  the  Governments  of  the  allies 
would  subscribe  to  such  an  agreement. 

Jan.  28 — Austrians  occupy  San  Giovanni  de  Medici 
(Albania) . 

Feb.  10 — Germany  sends  memorandum  to  neutral 
powers  that  armed  merchant  ships  will  be  treated 
as  warehips  and  will  be  sunk  without  warning. 

Feb.  15 — Secretary  Lansing  makes  statement  that  by 
international  law  commercial  vessels  have  right  to 
carry  arms  In  self-defense. 

Feb.  16 — Germany  sends  note  acknowledging  Jjer 
liability  in  the  Lusitania  affair. 

Feb.  16 — Kamerun  (Africa)  conquered. 

Feb.  21-July — Battle  of  Verdun.  Germans  take  Fott 
Douaumont  (Feb.  25).  Great  losses  of  Germans 
with  little  results.  I*ractically  all  the  ground  lost 
was  slowly  regained  by  the  French  In  the  autumn. 

Feb.  24 — President  Wilson  In  letter  to  Senator  Stone 
refuses  to  advise  American  citizens  not  to  travel  on 
armed  merchant  ships. 

Feb.  27 — Russians  captured  Kermanshah  (Persia). 

March  8 — German  Ambassador  communicates  mem- 
orandum regarding  U  boat  question,  stating  it  ia  a 
new  weapon  not  yet  regul.itcd  by  International  law. 

March  8 — Gei-many  declai-es  war  on  Portugal. 

March  19 — Russians  entered  Ispahan  (Persia). 

March  24 — French  steamer  Sussex  is  torpedoed  with- 
out warning;  about  80  passengers,  including  Ameri- 
can citizens,  are  killed  or  wounded. 

March  25 — Department  of  State  issues  memorandum 
in  regard  to  armed  merchant  vessels  in  neutral 
ports  and  on  the  high  seaa. 

March  27-29 — United  States  Government  instructs 
American  Ambassador  in  Berlin  to  Inquire  into 
sinking  of  Sussex  and  oth«r  vessels. 

April  10 — German  Government  replies  to  Unitefl 
States  notes  of  March  27,  28,  29,  on  the  sinking  ol 
Sussex  and  other  ves.sel8. 

April  17 — Russians  caoture  Treblzond. 

April  18 — United  Statics  delivers  what  is  considerefl 
an  ultimatum  that  unless  Germany  abandons  pres- 
ent methods  of  submarine  warfare  United  States 
will  sever  diplomatic  relations. 

April  19 — President  addressed  Congress  on  relations 
with  Germany. 

April  24-May  1 — Insurrection  in  Ireland. 

April  29 — Gen.  Townshend  sun-endered  to  the  Turks 
before  Kut-el-Amara. 

May  4 — Reply  of  Germany  acknowledges  sinking  of 
the  Sussex  and  in  the  main  meets  demands  oftho 
United  States. 

May  8 — United  States  Government  accepts  German 
position  as  outlined  in  note  of  May  4,  but  makes  it 
clear  that  the  fulfilment  of  these  conditions  can- 
not depend  upon  the  negotiations  between  tlie 
United  States  and  any  other  belligerent  Govern- 
ment. 

May  16-June  3 — Great  Austrian  attack  on  the  Ital- 
ians tlu-ough  the  Trentino. ' 

May  19 — Russians  Join  British  on  the  Tigris. 

May  24 — Military  service  (conscription)  bill  becomes 
law  in  CJreat  Britain. 

May  27 — President  in  address  before  Lieague  to  En- 
force Peace  says  United  States  is  ready  to  join  any 
practical  league  for  preserving  peace  and  guaran- 
teeing political  and  territorial  integrity  of  nations. 

May  31 — Naval  battle  off  Jutland. 

June  4-30 — Russian  offensive  in  Volhyn^a  ana 
Bukowina.  Czernovltz  taken  (June  17);  all 
Bukowina  overrun. 

June  5 — Lord  Kitchener  drowned. 

June  21 — United  States  demands  apology  and  repara- 
tion from  Austria-Hungaiy  lor  sinking  by  Austrian 
submarine  of  Petroiite,  an  American  vessel. 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


739 


July  1-Nov, — Battle  of  the  Somme.    Combles  taken 
(Sept.  26).    FaUuro  of  the  Allies  to  break  the  Ger- 
I    man  lines. 
Aug.  6-Sept. — New  Itallau  offensive  ddves  out  Aus- 

trians  and  wins  Gorizia  (Aug.  9>. 
Aug.  27 — Italy  declares  war  ou  Germany. 
Aug.  27-Jan.  15 — Roumania  enters  war  on  the  side 
of  the  Allies  and  is  crashed.     (Fall  of  Bucharest, 
Dec.  6;  Dobrudja  coaquered  Jan.  2;  Focsani  cap- 
tured Jan.  8). 
Sept.  7 — Senate  ratifies  purchase  of  Danish  West 

Indies. 
Oct.   8 — German  submarine  appears  oft  American 
coast  and  sinks  '"ritlsh   passenger  steamer  Ste- 
phano. 
Oct.  28 — British  steamer  Marina  sunk  without  war- 
ing (6  Americans  lost). 
Nov.   6 — British  liner  Arabia  torpedoed  and  sunk 

without  warning  in  Mediterranean. 
Nov.  29 — United  States  protests  against  Belgian  de- 
portations. 
Dec.  5-6 — Fall  of  Asquith  Ministry;  Lloyd  George 

new  Prime  Minister. 
Dec.  12 — German  peace  »Cfer.    Refused  (Dec.  30)  by 

Allies  as  "empty  and  insincere." 
Dec.  14 — British  horse  transport  ship  Russian  sunk 
in  Mediterranean  by  submarine  (17  Americans 
lost). 
Dec.  20 — President  Wilson's  peace  note  (dated  Dec. 
18).  Germany  replies  (Deo.  26).  Entente  Allies' 
reply  (Jan.  10)  demands  "restorations,  reparation, 
indemnities." 

1917. 
Jan.  10 — The  Allied  Governments  state  their  terms 
of  peace;  a  separate  note  from  Belgium  included. 
Jan.  11 — Supplemental  German  note  on  views  as  to. 

settlement  of  war. 
Jan.  13 — Great  Britain  ampli/iea  reply  to  President's 
note  of  Dec.  18.    Favors  co-operation  to  preserve 
peace. 
Jan.  22 — President  Wilson  addresses  the  Senate,  giv- 
ing his  ideas  of  steps  necessary  for  world  peace. 
Jan.  31 — Germany  announced  unrestricted  submarine 

warfare  in  specified  zones. 
Feb.  3 — United  States  severs  diplomatic  relations 

with  Germany;  Bernstorft  dismissed. 
Feb.  12 — United  States  replied  to  Swiss  Minister 
that  It  will  not  negotiate  with  Germany  imtil  sub- 
mai'lne  order  is  withdrawn. 
Feb.  18 — Italians  and  French  Join  in  Albania,  cut- 
ting off  Greece  from  the  Central  Powers. 
Feb.  24 — Kut-el-Amara  taken  by  British,  tinder  Gen. 

Maude  (campaign  begun  Dec.  13). 
Feb.  26 — President  Wilson  asks  authority  to  aim 

merchant  ships.  , 

Feb.  28 — "Zimmerman  note"  revealed. 
March  4 — Announced  that  the  British  had  taken  over 
from  the  French  the  entire  Somme  front;  British 
held  on  west  front  100  miles,  French  175  miles, 
Belgians  25  miles. 
March  11 — Bagdad  captured  by  British,  under  Gen. 

Maude. 
March  11-15 — Revolution  in  Russia,  leading  to  abdi- 
cation of  Czar  Nicholas  II.  (March  15).     Provis- 
ional Government  formed  by  Constitutional  Demo- 
crats, under  Prince  Lvoff  and  M.  Tdiiyukoft. 
March  12 — United  States  announced  that  an  armed 
guard  would  be  placed  on  all  American  merchant 
vessels  sailing  through  the  war  zone. 
March  17-19 — Retirement  of  Germans  to  "Hlnden- 
burg  line."     Evacuation  of  1,300  square  miles  of 
French  territory,  on  front  of  100  miles,  from  Arras 
to  Soissons. 
March  22 — United  States  for.tially  recognized  the 
new  Government  of  Russia  set  up  as  a  result  of 
the  revolution. 
March  26 — The  United  States  refused  the  proposal 
of  Germany  to  interpret  and  supplement  the  Prus- 
sian Treaty  of  1799. 
March  27 — Minister  Brand  Wliitlock  and  American 

Relief  Commission  withdrawn  from  Belgium. 
April  2 — I>resident  Wilson  aslis  Congress  to  declare 

the  existence  of  a  state  of  war  with  Germany. 
April  6 — United  States  declares  war  on  Germany. 
April   8 — Austria-Hungary  severs   diplomatic   rela- 
tions with  the  United  States, 
April  9-May  14 — British  succeases  in  Battle  of  An-as 

(Vimy  Ridge  taken  April  9). 
April  10-May  6 — French  succe.s-ses  in  Battle  Of  the 
Aisne  between  Soissooa  aad  Rheims. 


April  20 — Turkey  severs  relations  with  United  States, 
May  4 — American  destroyers  begin  co-operation  witl 

British  Navy  in  war  zone. 
May  15-Sept.  15 — Great  Italian  offensive  on  Isonza 
front  (Carso  Plateau).    Capture  of  Gorizia  (Aug. 
9).     Monte  Santo  taken  Aug.  24.     Monte  San 
Gabrielle,  Sept.  14. 
May  15 — Gen.  Petain  succeeds  Gen.  Nivelle  as  com- 
mander in  chief  of  the  French  armies. 
May    17 — Russian   Provisional   Government   recon- 
structed.    Kerensky  (former  Minister  of  Justice) 
becomes  Minister  of  War.    Milyukoff  resigns. 
May  18 — President  AVilson  signs  Selective  Service  Act. 
June  3 — American  mission  to  Russia  lands  at  Vladi- 
vostok  ("Root  Mission").     Returns  to  America 
Aug.  3. 
June  7 — British  blow  up  Messlnes  Ridge,  south  of 
I      Ypres,  and  capture  7,500  German  prisoners. 
I  Jime  10 — Italian  offensive  on  Trentino. 
June  12 — King  Constantine  of  Greece  forced  to  abdi- 
cate. 
June  15 — Subscriptions  close  for  First  Liberty  Loan 
($2,000,000,000  offered;  83,035,2*6,850  subscribed). 
June  26 — First  American  troops  reach  France. 
June  29 — Greece  enters  war  against  Germany  and 

her  allies. 
July  1 — Russian  Army,  led  in  person  by  Kerensky, 
begins  a  short-line  offensive  In  Galicia,  ending  in 
disastrous  retreat  (July  19- Aug.  3). 
July  4 — Resignation  of  Bethmaim-Hollweg  as  Ger- 
man Chancellor.    Dr.  George  Mlchaells,  Chancel- 
lor (July  14). 
July  20 — Drawing  at  Washington  of  names  lor  first 

army  under  selective  service. 
July  20 — Kerensky  becomes  Premier  on  resignation 

of  P*rince  Lvoff. 
July  30 — Mutiny  in  German  fleet  at  Wilhelmshaven 

and  Kiel.     Second  mutiny,  Sept.  2. 
July   31->fov. — Battle   of   Flanders    (Passchendaele 

Ridge);  British  successes. 
Aug.  10 — Food  and  Fuel  Control  Bill  passed. 
Aug.  15 — Peace  proposals  of  Pope  Benedict  revealed 
(dated  Aug.   1).     United  States  replies,  Aug.  27; 
Germany  and  Austria,   Sept.  21;  supplementai-y 
German  reply,  Sept.  26. 
Aug.    15 — Canadians  capture  Hill   70,   dominating 

Lens. 
Aug.   19 — New  Italian  drive  on  the  Isonzo  front 
(Carso  Plateau).     Monte  Santo  captured   (Aug. 
24). 
Aug.   20-24 — French  attacks  at  Verdtm  recapture 

high  ground  lost  in  1916. 
Sept.  3 — Riga  captured  by  Germans. 
Sept.   8 — Luxburg  despatches   ("spurlos  versenkt") 

revealed  by  United  States. 
Sept.  10-13 — Attempted  coup  d'etat  of  Gen.  Kornl- 

loff. 
Sept.  15 — Russia  proclaimed  a  republic. 
Oct.  12 — Germans  occupy  Oesel  and  Dago  Islands 

(Gulf  of  Riga). 
Oct.  17 — Russians  defeated  in  a  naval  engagement 

in  the  Gulf  of  Riga. 
Oct.  24-Dec. — Great  German-Austrian  counter  drive 
into  Italy.     Italian  line  shitted  to  Piave  River, 
Asiago  Plateau,  and  Brenta  River. 
Oct.  23-26 — French  drive  north  of  the  Aisne  wins 

important  positions,  including  Malmaison  Fort. 
Oct.  26 — Brazil  declares  war  on  Germany. 
Oct.  27 — Second  Liberty  Loan  closed  ($3,000,000,000 

offered;  84,617,532,300  subscribed). 
Oct.  30— Count  von  Hertling  succeeds  Mlchaells  as 

German  Chancellor. 
Nov.    2 — Germans   retreat   from   the   Chemln   des 

Dames,  north  of  the  Aisne. 
Nov.  3 — First  clash  of  American  with  German  sol- 
diers. 
Nov.   7 — Overthrow   of   Kerensky   and    Provisional 

Government  of  Russia'  by  the  Bolshevlki. 
Nov.    13 — Clemenceau   succeeds    Ribot   as    French 

Premier. 
Nov.  18 — British  forces  in  Palestine  take  Jaffa. 
Nov.   22-Dec.    13 — Battle   of   Cambrai.     Successful 
surprise  attack  near  Cambrai  by  British,  under 
Gen.  Byng,  on  Nov.  22  (employs  "tanks"  to  break 
down  wire  entanglements  in  place  of  the  usual  ar- 
tillery preparations).     Bourlon  Wood,  dominating 
Cambrai,  taken  Nov.  26.    Siu-prise  counter  attack 
by  Germans,  Dec.  2,  compels  British  to  give  up 
foui'th  of  ground  gained.    German  attacks  on  Dec. , 
13  partly  successful. 


740 


"War  Chronology— Continued. 


Nov.  29 — First  plenary  session  of  the  Intcr-Allied 

■  Conference  in  Paris.  Sixteen  nations  represented. 
Col.  E.  M.  House,  Chairman  of  American  delega- 
tion. 

Dec.  5 — President  Wilson,  in  message  to  Congress, 
advises  war  on  Austria. 

Dec.  6 — United  States  destroyer  Jacob  Jones  sunk 
by  submarine,  with  loss  of  over  60  American  men. 

Dec.  6 — Explosion  of  mimltions  vessel  wrecks  Halifax. 

Dec.  6-9 — Armed  revolt  overthrows  pro-Ally  Admin- 
istration in  Portugal. 

Dec.  7 — United  States  declares  war  on  Austria-Hun- 
gary. 

Dec.  9 — Jerusalem  captured  by  British  force  advanc- 
ing from  Egypt. 

Dec.  lO^Gens.  Kaledlnes  and  Korniloff  declared  by 
the  Bolshevik  Government  to  be  leading  a  Cos- 
sack, revolt. 

Dec.  13 — Berlin  announces  armistice  negotiations 
with  Russia  begin  Dec.  14. 

— German  aerial  bombs  kill  several  United  States 
railway  engineers,  and  two  engineers  die  from  gun- 
shot wounds. 

— Chinese  troops  arrive  at  Harbin,  Manchuria,  oust 
Russians  and  prevent  Bolslievikl  gaining  control 
of  city. 

Dec.  14 — Austro-German  forces  on  Italian  front  win 
.  a  sector. 

— Premier  Lloyd  George  in  speech  to  lawyers  at 
Gray's  Inn  declares  England  in  accord  with  Presi- 
dent Wilson's  statement  of  war  aims. 

— Cuban  Senate  declares  state  of  war  with  Austria- 
Hungary. 

Dec.  15 — Inter-Allied  Economic  Council,  Great  Bri- 

.  tain,  France  and  Italy  represented,  organizes  in 
London,  elects  Assistant  Secretary  of  United  States 
Treasury  Oscar  T.  Crosby,  President. 

— Armistice  agreement  between  Bolshevik  Govern- 
ment and  Central  Powers  signed  at  Brest-Litovsk. 

Dec.  16 — Explosion  in  Zeppelin  works  at  Frlediichs- 
hafen  kills  and  injures  many. 

— Zeppelin  bomb  factory  near  Kiel  is  destroyed  by 
explosion. 

Dec.  17 — German  raid  in  North  Sea  destroys  con- 
voyed merchant  fleet  (1  British,  5  neutral  ships), 
a  British  destroyer  and  4  armed  trawlers;  a  cniiser 
squadron  picks  up  sui-vivora. 

•—United  States  submarine  F-3  rams  and  sinks 
United  States  submarine  F-1,  in  American  waters 
(19  Uves  lost). 

Dec.  18 — Sixteen  to  twenty  large  German  Gothas 
raid  London,  kill  10,  injiu-e  70;  two  of  the  raiders 
are  brought  down. 

Dec.  19 — British  Admiralty  reports  past  week's  U 
boat  losses — 17  merchantmen  (14  over  1,600  tons), 
1  fishing  vessel. 

—Official  report  received  in  Washington,  D.  C, 
from  Fi-ance.  says  the  Turks  sent  to  Berlin  the 
monstrounce  of  brilliants,  and  carried  off  the 
treasure  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Sepulcher, 
before  surrendering  Jei-usalem. 

Dec.  20 — Germans  claim  8,390  prisoners  on  Italian 
front  since  Dec.  11. 

— Premier  Lloyd  George  addi'esses  House  of  Com- 
mons on  Britain's  peace  terms. 

Dec.  22 — British  armed  steamship  Stephen  FiuTiess 
is  sunk  in  Irish  Channel  by  German  submarine. 

— At  Essen,  Germany,  explosion  in  electric  power 
station  In  Krupp  plant  causes  a  23-hour  Are. 

— Three  British  destroyers  are  sunk  off  Dutch  coast 
by  mines  or  torpedoes;  193  lives  lost. 

Dec.  23 — Gen.  GulUaumat  succeeds  Sarrall  as  Com- 
mander in  Chief  of  AOied  forces  at  Salonlca. 

Dec.  24 — Germans  break  through  Italian  positions 
in  Asiago  section,  but  are  stopped  by  counter  at- 
tacks near  Buso  Monte  Salbella. 

— British  airmen  bomb  Mannheim  on  the  Rhine. 

Dec.  25 — Berlin  reports  capture  on  Italian  front  of 
Col  del  Rosso  and  9,000  prisoners. 

— France  and  Germany  agree  through  Swiss  Govern- 
ment for  exchange  of  prisoners  of  48  years  or  over, 
officers  to  be  Interned  in  Switzerland. 

Dec.  26 — At  Harbin,  Manchuria,  Russian  Maxi- 
malist troojjs  surrender  to  Chinese,  after  a  fight. 

— Vice  Admiral  Sir  Rosslyn  Wemyss  appointed  First 
Sea  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  succeeding  Sir  John  R. 
Jellicoe. 

Dec.  27 — Turkisli  anny  defeated  by  British  in  at- 
tempt to  retake  Jerusalem. 


Dec.  28 — Three  British  torpedo  boat  destroyers  sunk 
either  by  mines  or  torpedoes  off  Coast  of  Holland; 
13  officers,  180  men  lost. 

Dec.  30 — Fighting  renewed  on  Cambrai  front. 

— Gen.  Allenby's  forces  occupy  Bireh,  8J2  milea 
north  of  Jenisalem. 

— In  Monte  Tomba  sector,  Italy,  French  forces  pierce 
German  lines,  capture  1,400  prisoners,  60  machine 
guns,  7  cannon  and  large  Quantity  of  other  war 
material. 

—British  transport  .torpedoed  in  Eastern  Mediter- 
ranean; loss  800;  British  destroyer  picking  up  sur- 
vivors also  sunk. 

Deo.  31 — Mercantile  fleet  aux'Mary  Osmanieh  sunk 
by  a  mine. 

— British  Food  Controller,  Baron  Rhoudiln,  orders 
rationing  of  sugar — y>  pound  i)er  capita,  per  week, 
obtained  by  card. 

1918. 

Jan.  2 — Between  Lens  and  St.  Quontin  German  raids 
on  British  lines  repulsed  with  heavy  eneroy  losses. 

— .'Vustro-German  invaders  defeated  in  thrust  at 
Venice. 

— Five  enemy  airplanes  are  brought  down  on  Ital- 
ian front. 

— Germany  demands  of  Russia,  Poland,  Courland, 
Esthonia  and  Lithuania. 

— AlexandrovsU  occupied  by  Cossacks  without  re- 
sistance. 

— Marie  Corelli,  no^■elist,  fined  by  Britiah  Food 
Controller  for  having  too  much  sugar. 

Jan.  4 — Lieut.  "Hobey"  Baker,  former  Princeton 
football  captain,  brings  down  German  airplane  in 
his  first  war  flight 

Jan.  S — In  speech  to  trades  unions  Lloyd  George 
sets  forth  Great  Britain's  war  aims. 

Jan.  7 — In  mutiny  at  Kiel,  German  naval  base,  sub- 
marine crews  kill  38  of  their  officers. 

— British  patrol  boats  capture  2  German  submarines 
off  Canai-y  Islands. 

— Earl  Reading,  Lord  Chief  Justice  of  England,  ap- 
pointed British  High  Commissioner  to  United 
States. 

— British  War  Office  states  captures  and  losses  dur- 
ing 1917:  captures,  prisoners  on  all  fronts,  1 14,544; 
guns,  781;  losses,  prisoners,  28,379;  guns,  166. 

Jan.  8 — Italian  Government  prohibits  making  anfl 
sale  of  cake,  confectionery  and  pastry. 

Jan.  9^Britlsh  destroyer  Raccoon  strikes  rock  on 
Irish  coast  and  Is  lost,  with  crew  of  105. 

— British  hospital  ship  Rewa  torpedoed  in  Britlsb 
Channel;  three  of  crew  missing;  wounded  soldiers 
safely  landed. 

— British  Admiralty  reports  for  past  week — arrivals, 
2,085;  sailings,  2,244;  merchantmen  sunk,  21  (18 
over  1,600  tons) ;  4  fishing  vessels. 

Jan.  12 — Two  British  torpedo  boat  destroyers  lost 
on  Scotch  coast,  but  one  man  saved. 

— United  States  steamship  Nyanza  sinks  a  German 
submarine. 

Jan.  13 — Italian  au-men  drop  2  tons  of  explosives  on 
storehoiises  and  encampments  at  Primolano,  an 
important  railway  station. 

— French  War  Minister  puts  postal  and  telegraph 
sei-vice  under  military  control. 

— ^Premier  Clemenceau  orders  arrest  In  Paris  of  for- 
mer Premier  Caillaux  on  charge  of  treason. 

Jan.  14 — British  airplanes  drop  bombs  on  steel 
works  at  Thionvllle,  between  Luxemburg  and 
Metz,  and  on  two  large  railway  junctions  near 
Metz. 

— Germans  bombard  Yarmouth,  killing  3. 

— Attempt  is  made  to  shoot  Russian  Premier  Lenlne. 

Jan.  18 — Prussian  Chamber  of  Lords  reaffirms  ex- 
clusive right  of  German  Emperor  to  make  war  or 
peace. 

— Premier  Lloyd  George,  addressing  Trades  Union 
Conference,  declares  "We  must  either  go  on  or  go 
under." 

Jan.  20 — British  Admiralty  announces  sinking  In 
action  at  entrance  to  Dardanelles  Turkish  cruiser 
Midulla,  formerly  the  German  Breslau,  and  beacb- 
ing  the  Sultan  Yawuz  Sellm,  formerly  German 
Goeben;  the  British  losing  monitor  Ilaglan  and 
small  monitor  M-28;  British  lose  178  men;  Turks, 
198. 
— Osteud  bombarded  by  Allied  naval  forces. 


War  Chronology— Continued. 


741 


Jan.  21 — On  French  front  Allied  airplanes  bomb 
Courtral,  Roulera  and  Rumbeke,  and  raiding  into 
Germany,  bomb  steel  works  at  ThionvlUe  and  rail- 
way sidings  at  BernstoH  and  Arnaville. 

— Armed  boarding  steamer  Louvain  Bunk  in  Medi- 
terranean; 217  lost. 

— Sir  Edward  Carson,  Minister  without  portfolio, 
resigns  from  British  War  Cabinet. 

— Petrogi'ad  reports  murders  of  A.  I.  Shingareff  and 
Prof.  F.  F.  Kokoshklne,  Kerensky  Minister  of 
Finance  and  State  Comptroller. 

— Washington  reports  abandonment  of  Gen.  von 
FaUcenhayn's  plan  to  reorganize  Turkish  army  be- 
cause of  desertion  of  160,000  Turkish  troops  be- 
tween Constantinople  and  Palestine. 

— Gen.  Szetezalr  Boroevlc,  a  Slav,  succeeds  Arch- 
duke Charles  as  commander  of  Austrian  forces  on 
Italian  front. 

Jan.  22 — Baron  Rhondda,  British  Food  Controller, 
decrees  Tuesdays  and  Fridays  to  be  meatless  days 
In  London  district;  Wednesdays  and  Fridays  In 
other  parts  of  kingdom. 

Jan.  23 — Germans  gaii.  footing  east  of  Nieuport,  but 
are  expelled  In  counter  attack. 

Jan.  24 — On  Monte  Tomba  front  Germans  move 
defense  lines  back  from  Plave  River  westward  to 
Monte  Splnoncla. 

—British  airmen  raid  railway  stations  at  Courtral 
and  Ledeghem,  Belgium,  and  at  Douai,  France; 
Mannheim  on  the  Rhine,  steel  works  at  Thion- 
vlUe, railway  stations  at  Saarbriicken  and  Ober- 
blUig;  7  German  machines  are  brought  down,  5 
flriven  out  of  control. 

Jan.  25 — Coimt  von  Hertling  discusses  Pi'esident 
Wilson's  programme  of  war  and  peace  in  Reich- 
stag, and  outlines  Germany's  peace  terms. 

—In  address  to  Foreign  Affairs  Committee  of 
Relchsrat,  Count  Czernin,  Foreign  Minister,  out- 
lines Austro-Hungarian  proposals. 

Jan.  26 — In  past  week  British  lose  9  ships  of  over 
1,600  tons  by  submarines. 

—Austrian  airmen  bomb  Treviso  and  Mestre,  2 
Americans  killed. 

—Germans  claim  to  have  downed  25  Allied  machines 
by  gunfire  In  4  days. 

—Emperor  Charles,  as  King  of  Hungary,  accepts 
resignation  of  Hungarian  cabinet  and  directs 
Premier  Dr.  Wekerle  to  form  a  new  one. 

Jan.  27 — Cunarder  Andaula  torpedoed  of£  tlie  Ulster 
coast. 

Jan.  28 — In  Italian  offensive  east  of  Asiago  Plateau 
Italian  forces  capture  Col.  del  Rosso  and  Col 
d'Echele,  and  1,500  prisoners. 

—The  Irish  steamship  Cork  sutik  by  torpedo;  12  lost. 

—Roumanians  captiu-e  Kishineff,  capital  of  Bessa- 
rabia. 

—French  Chamber  of  Deputies  decrees  a^  per  diem 
bread  ration  of  300  grams  (about  11  ounces). 

Jan.  29 — Italians  break  German  lines  east  of  Asiago 
Plateau  and  disperse  reinforcements;  take  Monte 
dl  Val  Bella,  2,600  prisoners,  100  machine  guns. 

—Allied  aviators  attack  Zeebrugge. 

—German  airplanes  raid  London,  kill  47,  injure  169. 

Jan.  30 — British  line  advances  near  Antioch  in  Pales- 
tine. 

^Armed  escort  verjiel  Mechanician  torpedoed  in 
English  Channel,  13  men  lost. 

—Germans  make  air  raid  on  Paris,  kill  36,  Injm-e  190. 

-Since  launching  of  unrestricted  submarine  war- 
fare, on  Feb.  1,  1917,  69  United  States  ships 
(171,061  gross  tons)  have  been  sunk  by  submarines, 
mines  and  raiders:  300  persons  drowned;  107  Ger- 
man and  Austrian  ships  (686,494  gross  tons)  in 
United  States  ports  have  been  seized;  426  vessels 
(2,000,000  tons)  reouisitioned  by  Shipping  Board. 
Great  Britain  lost  from  Jan.  1,  1917,  to  Jan.  26, 
1918,  1,169  ships.  Total  tonnage  lost  by  AUles 
and  neutrals  in  same  period,  6,617,000. 

—London  reports  strikes  in  Berlin  and  incendiary 
fires  In  Vienna. 

Jan.""?!- — It  is  for  the  first  time  announced  that 
United  States  troops  are  occupying  first  line 
trenches.  Germans  raid  American  line,  kill  2, 
wound  4,  1  missing. 

— British  penetrate  Mukhmas  in  Palestine. 

Feb.  1 — War  Trade  Board's  regulations  to  prevent 
■goods  leaving  United  States  in  ueutra!  bottoms 
and  to  make  it  impossible  for  ships  to  supply  sub- 
marines go  Into  effect. 

-Major  Gen.  P6yton  C.  March  made  Chief  of  Gen- 
eral Staff.    Italians  advance  to  head  of  Melago 


Valley.  Roumanians  occupy  Kishineff.  Bolshe* 
vlki  seize  Roumanian  ships  in  Black  Sea;  capture 
Odessa  and  Orenburg.  Tartars  in  Bakhtchlsarai 
aimounce  establishment  of  Crimean  Republic. 

Feb.  2 — Germans  repulsed  at  Monte  dl  Val  Bella. 

Feb.  3 — Germans  bombard  Lorraine  sector;  kill  2 
Americans;  wound  9. 

Feb.  4 — Trial  begun  at  Paris  of  Bolo  Pasha  for  trea- 
son. Emperor  Charles  of  Austria  names  Gena. 
von  Boehm-Ermolli  and  Boroevlc  Field  Marshals. 
Canadian  Fuel  Controller  orders  factories  to  sus- 
pend work  Feb.  9,  10  and  11,  and  closes  golf, 
yacht,  canoe,  hunt  and  country  clubs  during  Feb- 
ruary and  Ivlarch,  except  on  Wednesdays  and 
Saturdays.  Bolshevlki  take  Niepin  in  Minsk. 
Petrograd  Soviet  decrees  separation  of  church  and 
state.  Tartars  occupy  Yalta  in  Taruida,  and  ad- 
vance on  Sebastopol.  Austrian  airmen  bomb 
Treviso,  wreck  chiu-ch  of  San  Lorenzo;  kill  8  citi- 
zens. 

Feb.  5 — United  States  steamer  Alamance  torpedoed; 
6  of  crew  lost. 

— Enemy  airplanes  bomb  Venice,  Mestre  and  Tre- 
viso; no  casualties.  Italians  bring  down  5  enemy 
planes. 

— United  States  transport  "luscania  torpedoed  oS 
Irish  coast;  loss  101. 

— That  since  beginning  of  war  German  U  boats  had 
killed  14,120  British  non-combatant  men.  women 
and  children  is  stated  in  House  of  Commons. 

Feb.  6 — Allied  naval  forces  bombard  Ostend. 

— "Loyal"  White  Guards  of  Finland  occupy  Ulea- 
borg  and  Tammerfors. 

— Field  Marshal  von  Mackensen  sends  ultimatum 
to  Roumanian  Government,  demanding  peace 
negotiations  begin  within  4  days;  Roumanian 
Cabinet  resigns. 

^Italian  aviator  drops  a  ton  of  bombs  on  hostile 
aviation  grounds  at  Molta  dl  Livenza 

Feb.  7 — Spain  protests  to  Germany  against  the  loot- 
ing and  torpedoing  of  Spanish  steamer  Giralda 
Jan.  26. 

— Announcement  made  that  steamship  service  be- 
tween Asiatic  ports  of  Russia  and  Constantinople 
in  Black  Sea  had  been  resumed  Jan.  11,  and  Rus- 
sians were  supplying  Turks  with  food. 

— Swedish  steamship  Fridland.  loaded  with  grain 
from  United  States  port,  torpedoed;  6  men  killed. 

Feb.  8 — White  Guards  of  Finland  capture  Viborg. 
Ukrainians  claim  victory  over  Bolshevik!  at 
Samy.  M.  Holubovicz  named  Premier  of  the 
Ukraine.  Bolshevik!  fail  in  attempt  to  occupy 
Kieff.  Turkish  Foreign  Minister  Nesslmy  Bey, 
addressing  Chamber  of  Deputies,  expresses  ac- 
cord with  Czernin  and  Hertling. 

Feb.  9 — Central  Powers  and  Ukraine  sign  peace 
treaty.  Madrid  reports  Spanish  steamship  Sebas- 
tian and  Italian  steamship  Duca  dl  Genova  tor- 
pedoed in  Spanish  waters.  Poles  capture  Smo- 
lensk. Russia  declares  state  of  war  over  and  orders 
demoblUzation. 

Feb.  11 — West  of  Brenta  River  Italians  shatter  vio- 
lent Austrian  attack. 

— Italian  torpedo  craft  enter  Buccari  Bay  and  Sink 
at  anchor  largest  Austrian  steamer  there. 

Feb.  12 — The  eighth  session  of  the  longest  Parlia- 
ment in  modem  times  opens  in  London. 

— The  British  Government  declines  to  recognize  the 
Brest-Litovsk  treaty  of  peace. 

— French  air  squadrons  droj)  four  tons  of  bombs  on 
railroad  stations  at  Thionvitle,  Conflans,  Schem- 
blez  and  Metz-Sablou. 

Feb.  13 — On  western  front  United  States  batteries 
aid  in  raid  in  Champagne  district. 

— Test  vote  in  House  of  Commons  sustains  Lloyd 
George. 

— Sinlcing  of  Spanish  ship  Ceferlno  announced. 

— The  British  Admiralty  reports  the  week's  losses  by 
mine  or  submarine,  19  merchantmen,  13  over  1,600 
tons,  and  3  fishing  craft. 

— Rome  reports  4  Italian  merchantmen  of  over  1,600 
tons  sunk  In  week  ending  Feb.  9. 

— The  Norwegian  Legation  in  London  reports  Nor- 
way's less  of  tonage  from  the  beginning  of  the  war 
to  the  end  of  January  as  1,050,583  and  883  seamen. 

Feb.  14 — Paris  court  martial  finds  Bolo  Pasha  guilty 
of  treason,  sentences  him  to  death,  a  co-defendant, 
Filippo  Cavallinle,  under  arrest  in  Italy,  sentenced 
to  death.  Darius  Porchere  sentenced  to  3  years' 
imprisonment.' 


742 


War  Chrmiology — Continued. 


Feb.  15 — The  President  issues  proclamation  making 
foreign  commerce  ol  United  States  subject  to 
license  control. 

—A  flotilla  of  German  destroyers  in  the  Straits  of 
Dover  sink  8  British  patrol  boats. 

— Germany  renews  war  on  Russia. 

Feb.  16 — In  battle  for  Kiefi  Bolsheviki  defeat  Ukrain- 
ians. 

— Sir  William  Robertson,  Chief  of  British  Imperial 
Staff,  resigns  and  Is  succeeded  by  Sir  Henry  H. 
WUson. 

— A  German  submarine  bombards  Dover,  England. 

Feb.  17 — Lord  Northcliffe  is  appointed  Director  of 
Propaganda  in  enemy  countries. 

— German  aviators  attack  Dover,  England,  and  Dun- 
kirk, France. 

Feb.  16,  17  and  18 — German  ahplanes  raid  London, 
but  do  little  damage. 

l''eb.  18 — Petrograd  despatch  announces  capture  of 
Kieff  by  Bolshevilcl;  casualties,  4,000  kiUed,  7,000 
wounded. 

— The  Bolsheviki  pass  decree  that  on  Feb.  14  (old 
style)  Russian  calendar  shall  be  made  to  corre- 
spond to  English  calendar,  thas  changing  from  old 
style  to  new  style. 

Feb.  19 — Lloyd  George  addresses  House  of  Commons, 
refers  to  decision  of  Supreme  War  Council  at 
Versailles,  and  to  argument  of  American  delega- 
tion for  unified  leadership. 

— Petrograd  confirms  report  of  seizure  by  Swedish 
forces  of  Aland  .Islands,  held  by  Bolshevik  troops. 

lob.  20 — British  Admiralty  reports  for  week:  Ar- 
rivals, 2,322;  sailings,  2,393;  merchantmen  sunk, 
15  (12  of  more  than  1,600  tons);  1  fishing  vessel. 
During  same  week,  Rome  reports  2  steamships  of 
1,500  tons  lost  and  1  sailing  vessel. 

Feb.  21 — Aneconomic  agreement  with  Spain  is  signed 
in  Madrid  whereby  Gen.  Pershing  gets  mules  and 
army  blankets  in  return  for  cotton  and  oil. 

— London  reports  German  troops  advancing  into 
Russia  on  front  extending  from  shores  of  Esthonia 
to  southern  border  of  Volhynia;  Minsk  entered 
and  Rovno  taken.  Germans  said  to  have  captm-ed 
9,125  prisoners,  1,353  cannon,  5,000  motor  cars, 
1,00()  railroad  cars  loaded  with  grain,  airplanes  and 
war  material. 

— British  troops  occupy  Jericho,  14  miles  from  Jeru- 
ealem. 

— United  States  steamship  Philadelphian,  with  cargo 
of  foodstuffs,  sunk  by  German  submarine. 

Feb.  22 — United  States  troops  are  in  the  Chemin- 
des-Dames  sector,  the  Aisne,  France. 

— United  States  War  Trade  Board  secures  agreement 
with  Norway's  commissioners  by  which  Norway 
guarantees  imports  from  United  States  will  not 
reach  Germany,  and  Umits  its  own  exports  to  that 
country. 

— A  Berlin  despatch  says  the  Ukraine  and  Germany 
have  signed  peace  treaty. 

— London  reports  Jericho  occupied  by  British  forces 
with  little  opposition. 

— Five  Entente  airmen  bomb  Innsbruck,  capital  of 
Austrian  Tyrol,  hit  German  Consulate  and  sol- 
diers' trains. 

— British  aerial  squadron  bombard  enemy  aviation 
grounds  near  Oderzo-Portogruare  railway  on 
ItaUan  front;  bring  down  3  enemy  planes. 

Feb.  23 — The  United  States  and  Japanese  Embassies 
and  Chinese,  Siamese  and  Brizilian  Legations  leave 
Petrograd  for  Vologda,  270  miles  east  oi  Petrograd. 

— Madrid  reports  Spanish  steamer  Mar  Casplo  simk 
by  German  submarine;  crew  saved. 

— Copenhagen  reports  capture  by  a  British  cnilser 
of  German  steamship  Diisseldorf. 

— Edward  J.  Loughi-an  of  New  York  killed  in  aerial 
combat  with  4  enemy  machines  on  western  front. 

Feb.  24 — London  despatch  says  Bolshevik  leaders 
have  accepted  German  peace  conditions.  Premier 
Lenine  declares  Russian  Army  is  demoralized  and 
refuses  to  fight. 

—More  troops  are  sent  to  Ireland,  west  and  south, 
to  repress  outbreaks. 

Feb.  25— In  speech  to  Reichstag  Count  von  Hertling 
intimates  a  partial  agreement  with  the  four  prin- 

,  ciples  of  peace  enunciated  by  President  Wilson, 
with  reservation  that  the  principles  must  be  recog- 
nized by  all  states  and  peoples. 

— A  rationing  system  goes  into  effect  for  meat  and 
butter  in  London  and  adjoining  districts. 


Feb.  26 — Roumania  decides  to  make  peace  with  Cen- 
tral Powers. 

— Madrid  reports  sinking  of  Spanish  steamship 
Neguri  by  German  submarine. 

—The  British  hospital  ship  Glenart  Castle  tor- 
pedoed in  Bristol  Channel;  Red  Cross  doctors, 
nurses  and  orderlies  lost;  34  saved  out  of  200  on 
board. 

— British  Air  Ministry  reports  Royal  Flying  Corps 
on  western  front  Feb.  15  to  22,  brought  down  75 
enemy  planes,  drove  120  out  of  control;  28  Allied 
machines  missing. 

— German  airmen  drop  bombs  on  Venice  in  night 
raid,  the  Royal  Palace  is  struck  and  three  churches 
damaged,  1  person  killed,  15  wounded. 

Feb.  27 — Japan  proposes  Joint  military  operatiocs 
with  Allies  in  Siberia  to  save  military  and  other 
supplies. 

— Mr.  Balfour,  British  Foreign  Secretary,  says  ia 
House  of  Commons  he  Is  unable  to  find  any  basis 
for  peace  in  Chancellor  von  Hertllng's  speech. 

— Buitish  steamship  Tiberia  sunk  by  submarine: 
crow  saved. 

— London  reports  losses  by  mines  or  submarines  for 
past  week,  18  British  merchantmen,  14  over  1,400 
tons;  7  fishing  vessels.  In  previous  week,  15,  12 
over  1,600  toas.  Week  preceding  that,  19,  13 
over  1,600  tons. 

March  1 — Gens.  Kaledine  and  Korniloff  defeated  by 
Bolsheviki  near  Rostof-on-I)ou. 

— British  armed  mercantile  cruiser  Calgarian  tor- 
pedoed and  sunk  oft  the  Irish  coast,  with  loss  01  2 
officers,  46  men. 

— Germans  reach  Dnieper  River,  400  miles  south  of 
Petrograd,  280  miles  north  of  Kieff. 

— German  torpedo  boat  and  two  mine  sweeper.3 
sunk  by  mines  oft  Vlieland  Island. 

— Major  Gen.  Peyton  C.  March,  United  Slates  Chief 
of  Staff,  arrives  at  New  York  from  France. 

— United  States  war  cost  for  February  Sl,002, 878,608 
(loans  to  Allies,  §325,000,000). 

March  2 — Kieff,  lield  by  Bolsheviki  since  Feb.  8,  oc- 
cupied by  German  and  Ukiainlan  troops. 

March  3 — By  treaty  of  peace  with  four  Centra 
Powers  signed  at  Brest-Litovsk,  Bolsheviki  agree 
to  evacuate  Ukrainia,  Esthonia,  and  Livonia, 
Finland,  the  Aland  Islands  and  "Trans-Caucasian 
districts  of  ErlA-an,  Kara  and  Batum. 

— Sweden  protest.'!  against  German  occupation  of 
Finland. 

— Germans  claim  to  have  captured  in  Russian  ad- 
vance 6,800  oflieers,  57.000  men,  2,400  gima,  5,000 
macliine  guns,  800  locomotives  and  thousands  of 
motor  vehicles  and  trucks. 

March  4 — Germany  and  Finland  sign  treaiy. 

— British,  French  and  Italian  Ambassadors  in  Tokio 
ask  Japan  to  safeguard  Allied  interests  in  Siberia. 

— Norwegian  steamship  Havaa  (1,150  tons)  tor- 
pedoed by  German  submarine  without  warning;  9 
die  from  exposure. 

— Wa.sbington  aimoimces  building  of  825,000,000 
ordnance  base  in  France. 

March  5 — In  Lorraine  sector  United  States  troops  of 
"Rainbow  Division"  (New  York  City)  repel  Ger- 
man raid  and  take  prisoners. 

— Roumania  signs  preliminary  treaty  witii  Central 
Powers;  gives  up  Dobrudja  to  the  Danube;  agrees 
to  certain  economic  measures  and  trade  route  to 
Black  Sea. 

March  (5 — United  States  troops  hold  iyi  miles  pf 
battle  front  "somewhere  in  France." 

— British  Admiralty  reports  for  past  week:  18 
merchantmen  sunk  (12,  1,600  tons  or  over). 

— Capt.  Sato  Yamamoto,  Japanese  Naval  Attache  In 
Rome,  arrives  in  New  York  City,  reports  15  U 
boats  destroyed  in  Mediterranean  last  month  by 
United  States,  Japanese,  British,  Fi'ench  and  Ital- 
ian destroyers. 

March  7 — German  airplanes  raid  London  at  night; 
kill  11,  injure  46. 

— British  Chancellor  of  Exchequer  in  Housy  of  Com- 
mons moves  credit  of  33,000,000,000,  states  that  at 
end  of  March  national  debt  will  be  $29,500,000,000: 
loans  to  Allies  total  $6,320,000,000. 

March  8 — In  Ypres-Dixmude  sector  Germans  at- 
tack on  mile  front;  English  counter  attack. 

— Spanish  Cabinet  resigns. 


War  Chronology— Continued. 


74S 


March  9 — Germans  advance  north  ol  Poelderhoek 
take  200  yards  of  trenches;  British  win  back  lost 
ground  and  repulse  raid  east  ot  Neuve  Chapelle. 

—On  Lorraine  front  United  States  forces  bombard 
and  obliterate  over  a  mile  of  German  trenches. 

—United  States  casualty  list  shows:  Killed  in  action, 
10;  from  gas,  2;  in  aero  accidents,  2;  auto  accident, 
1;  of  disease,  13;  severely  wounded,  26;  slightly 
wounded,  36. 

—Russian  capital  moves  from  Petrograd  to  Moscow. 

—British  forces  in  Palestine  advance  about  a  mile 
and  three-quarters  on  12-mile  front. 

— Italian  aircraft  bombard  enemy  supply  station 
near  Oderzo. 

March  10 — United  States  War  Department  an- 
nounces presence  of  Americans  on  Lorraine  front, 
in  Champagne,  in  Alsace,  near  Lun6ville,  and  in 

— British  occupy  Hit  in  Mesopotamia;  Turks  retire 
22  miles  up  the  Euphrates  to  Khan  Baghdadi; 
British  airplanes  bomb  retreating  Turks. 

— Guildford  Castle,  British  hospital  ship,  torpedoed 
In  Englsh  Channel;  no  one  lost. 

— British  airmen  bomb  Daimler  works  at  Stuttgart. 

March  11 — United  States  troops  go  over  the  top  at 
Toul  and  return  without  loss. 

— President  Wilson  sends  message  to  Congress  of 
Soviets,  expresses  sympathy  with  Russian  people; 
says  United  States  will  take  every  opportunity  to 
secure  for  Russia  complete  sovereignty  and  inde- 
pendence. 

— German  air  raid  on  Paris  kills  29;  4  German  ma- 
chines are  brought  down  by  gun  Are;  15  German 
aviators  killed  or  made  prisoner. 

■ — In  air  fighting  10  German  machines  brought  down 
on  western  front,  7  disabled,  2  British  machines 
fall  to  return. 

— French  airmen  destroy  3  German  aircraft,  bring 
down  3  bombing  planes,  disable  1. 

—In  air  raid  on  Naples  7  in  hospital  killed,  9  civilians 
wounded. 

March  12 — Three  Zeppelins  raid  northeast  coast  of 
England. 

^In  Toul  sector  United  States  artillery  discover  and 
blow  to  pieces  German  gas  projectors,  upsetting 
plans  for  gas  attack. 

— Paris  Court  of  Revision  rejects  Bolo  Pasha's  ap- 
peal from  death  sentence. 

— -German  air  ships  attack  Yorkshire  coast;  no  cas- 
ualties. 

—London  announces  release  by  German  Government 
from  special  imprisonment  ot  Aviators  Lieuts. 
Scholtz  and  Woolsey,  under  threat  of  reprisal. 

—British  air  raid  on  Coblenz,  Germany,  kills  50. 

March  13 — German  troops  enter  Odessa  and  control 
Black  Sea;  take  15  Russian  warships. 

—Dr.  Walter  T.  Scheele,  Indicted  in  Now  York  In 
1916  for  alleged  placing  of  bombs  on  Allied  ships 
In  New  York  Harbor,  arrested  in  Cuba  and  de- 
ported from  Havana  in  custody  of  United  States 

QGtjGCtji  VG3 

—London  reports  unarmed  British  schooner  Nanny 
Wignall  sunk  by  German  submarine  off  Irish  coast. 

-British  flyers  bomb  munition  works  and  barracks 
at  Freyburg,  Germany,  and  Bruges  docks. 

—British  Admiralty  reports  week's  losses  by  mine  or 
submarine:  18  merchantmen  (15  of  1,600  tons  or 
over);  1  fishing  vessel.  Arrivals,  2,046;  sailings, 
2,062;  merchantmen  unsuccessfully  attacked,  8. 

— Rlchthofen,  German  aviator,  achieved  sixty-fifth 
victory. 

—German  aircraft  raid  London;  kill  1  man,  1  woman, 
3  children;  injure  3  men,  1  woman,  5  children;  6 
houses  destroyed;  30  damaged. 

—German  Government  announces  American  prop- 

■^  erty  in  Germany  will  be  seized  in  reprisal  for  seiz- 
ing of  German  property  in  United  States. 

— ^Phelps  Collins  of  Detroit,  Mich.,  member  of  La- 
fayette Flying  Corps,  killed  in  air  fight  on  French 
front. 

March  14 — Gen.  Pershing's  men  make  flrat  perma- 
nent advance.^occupy  evacuated  trenches  northeast 
of  BadonviUers.  ,  ,  ,  ^ 

— David  E.  Putnam  of  Brookline,  Mass.,  of  Lafay-' 
ette  Escadnue,  attacks  3  enemy  airplanes,  brings 

'•"  flown  1,  drives  2  to  flight. 

— Copenhagen  reports  sinking  ot  2  Norwegian  steam- 
ers, Skrymer  (1,475  tons)  and  Estrella  (1,757  tons). 

— Germans  occupy  Abo,  <m  Finland  coast,  west  of 
Helsiugtors. 


March  15 — German  submarine  sinks  Danish  steam- 
ship Randelsberg  (1,551  tons)  outside  of  German 
danger  zone. 

— Allied  airplanes  bomb  barracks,  mtmitlon  factories 
and  railway  station  at  Zwelbriicken;  12  enemy 
planes  brought  down:  no  British  machines  missing. 

March  16 — French  raid  at  Bethlncourt  Wood  on 
1,700  yard  front  to  depth  of  900  yards;  take  160 
prisoners,  including  several  officers. 

March  17 — Germans  announce  Entente  airmen  made 
23  attacks  on  German  Rhine  towns  in  February; 
12  persons  killed;  36  Injured;  attacks  made  also 
on  industrial  districts  in  Lorraine,  Luxemburg, 
Saar  and  Moselle. 

— British  airmen  attack  barracks  and  railway  sta- 
tion at  Kaiserslautern,  Bavaria. 

March  18 — Great  Britain  and  United  States  take 
over  Dutch  shipping  in  United  States  and  British 
ports. 

— Belgians  take  over  Flanders  coast  sector. 

March  19 — French  troops  penetrate  German  line 
near  Rhelms.  Portuguese  raid  trenches  east  of 
Neuve  ChapeUe,  take  prisoners  and  guns.  Ger- 
man raids  near  Fleurbaix  and  Bois  Grenier  re- 
pulsed. German  forces  continue  advance  in  Rus- 
sia, ignoring  armistice.  The  Parliamentary  Sec- 
retary of  War  reports  In  British  House  of  Com- 
mons that  since  October,  1917,  British  airmen  have 
made  38  raids  into  German  territory,  dropping 
48  tons  ot  bombs.  London  despatch  says  German 
lost  in  air  fighting;  In  January,  292  planes;  in  Feb- 
ruary, 273;  in  17  days  of  March,  278. 

— United  States  expeditionary  force  casualties  to 
date:  Killed  in  action,  154;  killed  or  prisoner,  1; 
by- accident,  145;  disease,  683;  lost  at  sea,  237; 
suicide,  11;  unknown  causes,  14;  of  wounds,  37; 
executed,  1;  civilians,  7;  gassed,  6;  total  deaths, 
1,296;  wounded,  544;  captured,  21;  missing,  14. 

, — United  States  destroyer  Manley  collides  with 
British  warship  in  European  waters;  depth  bomb 
explodes,  kills  Lieut.  Commander  Richard  M. 
Elliott,  jr.,  and  15  enllsited  men:  Manley  reaches 
port. 

— Royal  Mail  steamer  Amazon  and  Norwegian 
steamship  Stolt-Nellson,  commandeered  by  the 
British,  are  sunk  by  submarine. 

March  20 — To  reduce  coal  consumption  President 
Stanley  of  Board  of  Trade  annoimces  in  House  of 
Commons  coal  rationing  rules — no  cooking  be- 
tween 9.30  P.  M.  and  5  A.  M.;  no  Illumination  of 
shop  windows;  no  performances  after  10.30,  etc. 

— French  repulse  German  attacks  off  Arracourt,  -in 
Lorraine  and  raids  northeast  of  Relnsand,  In 
Soualn  sector. 

— United  States  guns  shell  village  of  LahayvlUe, 
causing  explosions. 

— Northwest  of  Toul  airplane  drops  balls  of  llQuefled 
mustard  gas  on  United  States  line. 

— British  airmen  destroy  28  German  machines;  12 
of  their  own  missing. 

—Steamship  Sterling,  with  cargo  of  gi'aln  for  Switzer- 
land, sunk  by  collision. 

— Norwegian  sailing  vessel  Carla  sunk  by  submarine; 
captain  killed  and  crew  lost. 

March  21 — Beginning  of  "Big  Drive"  on  50-mile 
front,  from  Arras  to  La  Fere.  On  LunevlUe  sector 
United  States  artlUery  fire  destroys  first  and  second 
line  positions.  Canadians  make  gas  attack  be- 
tween Lens  and  HIU  70.  British  monitors  bom- 
bard Ostend.  In  Palestine  British  take  Elowsal- 
lebeh.    German  long  range  gun  bombards  Paris. 

March  22 — Correspondents  at  the  front  report  40 
German  divisions  (about  500,000  men)  engaged 
and  greatest  concentration  of  artillery  in  world's 
history;  Germans  had  1,000  guns  In  one  small 
sector  (1  for  every  12  yards).  ..,.  _^    . 

— Secretary  of  War  Baker  calls  on  King  Albert  of 
Belgium  at  the  front. 

— Brussels  fined  $500,000  by  Germany  for  recent 
antl-Flemlsh  agitation. 

—German  Reichstag  adopts  war  credit  ol  $3,750,- 
000,000.  .  .  ^    .      ^ 

March  23 — Germans  break  British  front  near 
Monchy,  Cambrai,  St.  Quentln  ana  La  Fere, 
pierced  second  line,  between  Fontalne-les-Crolsllles 
and  MoeuvreSf  .     .      ^        ^,.       ^     . 

— British  evacuate  positions  In  bend  southwest  of 
Cambrai;  Germans  pierce  third  British  Una  be- 
tween Omignon  stream  and  the  Somme. 


744 


"War  Chronology — Continued. 


Marcli  23 — Berlin  announces  first  stage  of  battle 
ended,  claim  capture  ol  25,000  prisoners,  400  field 
guns,  300  machine  gims. 

—British  airplanes  raid  factories  at  Mannheim. 

— Paris  is  bombarded  by  long  range  "fat  Bertha" 
guns  from  _  distance  ol  75  miles;  10  killed;  15 
wounded.    '  

— Gen.  Zupelli  succeeds  Gen.  Aldieri  as  ItaUan  War 
Minister. 

—Secretary  of  War  Baker  guest  of  Ambassador  Page 
in  London. 

March  24 — Germans  drive  British  back  across  the 
Somme  and  repulse  French  and  United  States  re- 
inforcements; capture  Peronne,  Chauny  and  Ham, 
in  forest  of  St.  Gobain. 

— Paris  is,  again  sheUed  by  "fat  Bertha"  gun. 

— British  airmen  bomb  Cologne  and  Metz. 

— Finlanders  report  that  German  transport  Frank- 
land  struck  a  mine  and  sank  at  Noorland,  the  en- 
tire crew.  Admiral  von  Meyer  and  soldiers  all  lost. 

March  21  to  24 — British  airmen  bring  down  215 
enemy  machines,  losing  31;  naval  airmen  bring 
down  17,  losing  1. 

March  25 — The  Germans  take  Bapaume,  Nesle,  Guls- 
card,  Biabats,  Barleux  and  Etalon.  The  French 
take  over  sector  of  British  battle  front  south  of 
St.  Quentln  and  around  Noyon.  French  are  forced 
back,  but  inflict  heavy  losses  in  retiring;  Britisli 
counter  attack  fails.  AlUed  forces  lose  45,000 
men;  600  guns.  United  States  artillery  shell  St. 
Baussant  and  biUets  north  of  Boquetan,  opposite 
Toui  sector,  with  gas.  London  announces  United 
States  steamship  Chattahoochie  (5,088  tons)  sunk 
oft  English  coast;  crew  of  74  saved.  Long  range 
bombardment  of  Paris  resumed.  British  positions 
in  Palestine  extended  9  miles  toward  Es  Salt. 
Secretary  of  War  Baker  presented  to  King  George 
at  Buckingham  Palace. 

March  26 — Battle  continues  on  whole  front  south  of 
Somme;  Germans  are  checked  west  of  Roye  and 
Noyon.  South  of  Peronne  Gen.  von  Hofacker 
crosses  the  Somme;  takes  heights  of  Maisonette 
and  villages  of  Blache  and  Belleaux;  Etalon  is 
taken  from  the  French  and  English.  In  Toul  sec- 
tor United  States  troops  drive  Germans  out  of 
Richecourt.  British  retreat  on  a  wide  front;  Ger- 
mans under  von  Below  and  von  der  Marwitz  take 
Richecourt,  Biefvlllers,  Grevillers,  Irles  and 
Miraiimont,  crossing  the  Ancre  River.  The  Brit- 
ish defeat  Turks  in  Mesopotamia,  capture  5,000 
prisoners,  14  guns,  50  machine  guns,  stores  of 
munitions  and  suppUes.  United  States  casualty 
list  to  date:  Dead,  1,383;  woimded,  706;  cap- 
tured, 22;  missing,  37. 

March  27 — Major  Gen.  Pershing  offers  aU  United 
States  forces  for  service  wherever  needed. 

— Lloyd  George  appeals  for  American  reinforcements. 

— The  Germans  gain  foothold  in  Ablalnville  and  in 
Albert;  British  recaptui'e  Morlincourt  and  Chipilly, 
and  advance  line  to  Proyart;  Germans  make  slight 
advance  east  of  Montdidier;  are  checked  in  regions 
of  Lasslgny  and  Noyon. 

— Odessa  reported  captured  by  Soviet  and  Ukrainian 
troopp. 

•! — British  Admiralty  reports  week's  losses:  28  mer- 
chantmen (16  over  1,600  tons);  1  fishing  vessel; 
French  lose  1  over  1,600  tons;  Italy  loses  3  over 
1,500  tons. 

March  28 — Heavy  fighting  along  55-mile  front  from 
the  southeast  of  Somme  to  northeast  of  Arras, 
llerman  drive  checked;  in  counter  attacks  French 
drive  Germans  out  of  villages  of  Courtemanche, 
Nesle-St.  Georges,  and  Assainvillers;  in  some 
places  from  Gavrelle  to  Boyelles  Germans  make 
slight  advances,  take  Montdidier  and  push  line  to 

■    Pierrepont. 

— British  airmen,  bring  down  24  German  machines, 
disable  7  and  2  balloons;  bomb  Bapaume,  Bray 
and  Peronne;  19  British  machines  are  missing 
after  aero  fighting  and  4  after  night  bombing. 

■ — French  airmen  (27th-28th)  drop  18  tons  projec- 
tiles in  regions  of  Guiscard  and  Ham;  pursuit 
squadrons  bring  down  17  German  planes  and  set 
fire  to  2  captive  balloons. 

—Entire  Turkish  force  in  area  ol  Hit,  In  Mesopo- 
tamia, Is  captured  or  destroyed;  3,000  prisoners 
taken  (including  German  officers) ;  10  guns,  2.000 
rifles,  many  machine  guns,  600  animals.  British 
forces  cross  the  River  Jordan. 

—A  squad  of  police  rounding  up  deserters  In  Quebec, 
Canada,  is  attacked  by  a  crowd  ol  citizens. 


March  29 — The  French  General,  Ferdinand  Foch, 
chosen  Commander  in  Chief  ol  all  Allied  forces  in 
France  (British,  French,  American,  ItaUan,  Bel- 
gian and  Portuguese) . 

— Ninth  day  ol  "Big  Drive,"  which  is  halted;  British 
are  pressed  back  to  a  line  running  west  of  Hamel, 
Marcelcave  and  Denain;  Franco-British  troops 
hold  line  along  Avre,  and  in  front  of  NeuviUe- 
sur-Bernard,   McEleres,   Marcelcave  and   Hamel. 

— Germans  claim  to  have  taken  70,000  prisoners  and 
1,100  guns.  British  bring  down  9  hostile  airplanes; 
drive  2  out  of  control.  Two  British  machines  miss- 
ing. 

— The  German  long  range  gun  kills  75  worshippers 
at  Good  Friday  services  in  a  Paris  church  and 
wounds  90. 

— The  President  orders  temporary  suspension  of 
food  shipment,  except  for  military  suppUes,  and 
concentration  on  sending  of  troops. 

March  30 — Fighting  is  resumed  on  70  miles  ol  front. 
British  hold  their  position.  The  French  report 
severe  fighting  on  4()-mile  front,  Moreuil  to  Las- 
signy;  villages  in  region  ol  Orvillers,  Plemont  and 
Plessier  de  Roye  change  hands  several  times; 
Germans  claim  progress  between  the  Somme  and 
the  Oise.  They  captured  Beaucom't  and  Me- 
zieres. 

— Long  range  gun  again  bombards  Paris,  killing  8  (4 
women);  wounding  37  (9  women,  7  children). 

— During  the  week  German  submarines  sink  3 
Italian  steamships,  of  more  than  1,500  tons;  10 
small  sailing  vessels. 

March  31 — British  regain  village  ol  Denain;  Cana- 
dian cavalry  and  infantry  recapture  Moreuil. 

— Since  British  flying  corps  arrived  in  Italy  It  has 
brought  down  83  Austrian  and  German  planes 
and  lost  10. 

— The  Germans  continue  to  advance  in  the  JJkiaiae, 
capture  Poltava  and  set  it  on  fire. 

— British  steamship  Conargo  is  torpedoed  in  the 
Irish  Sea  and  a  Greek  steamship  is  sunk  by  gun 
fire;  50  men  are  missing  from  the  two. 

— Danish  steamship  Indian  is  sunk  by  a  German  sub- 
marine about  130  miles  north  of  Azores;  captain 
and  28  officers  and  men  lost;  9  saved. 

March  31  and  April  1 — AlUed  aero  squadron  throw 
13  tons  of  bombs  on  railways  and  cantonments  at 
Ham,  Cliauny  and  Noyon. 

April  1 — On  western  front  Allies  hold  their  ground, 
and  at  some  points  advance;  recapture  Hangard- 
en-Santerre.  Germans  capture  heights  north  of 
Moreuil. 

— In  Mesopotamia  British  advance  73  miles  beyond 
Anah  and  threaten  Aleppo. 

— French  estimate  German  losses  during  11-day  ol- 
tensive  at  275,000  to  300,000. 

— Long  distance  bombardment  ol  Paris  continued; 
4  killed;  9  injured. 

— British  Admiralty  announces  loss  ol  Tithonus  by 
•submarine,  with  4  ol  crew. 

— In  draft  riot  in  Quebec  4  civilians  are  killed  anfl  a 
number  of  soldiers  woundod. 

— In  London  no  hot  meals  are  served  between  9.30 
P.  M.  and  5  A.  M.;  and  theatres  close  at  10.30 
P.  M. 

April  2 — Between  the  Avre  and  the  Luce  the  Allies 
captured  50  prisoners  and  13  machine  guns;  near 
Hebuteme,  73  prisoners,  3  machine  guns;  prison- 
ers are  also  taken  at  Ban-de-Sapt  and  In  raid  on 
Colonne  trench.  United  .States  troops  on  Meuse 
heights,  south  of  Verdun,  are  attacked  with  gas 
and  high  explosive  shells.  Gen.  Pershing  reports 
United  States  casualties:  Killed  by  accident,  1;  ol 
disease,  4;  wounds,  2;  various  causes,  2;  wounded, 
13;  total  killed  in  action,  183;  killed  or  prisoners,  1'; 
by  accident,  164;  disease,  793:  lost  at  sea,  237;  died 
of  wounds,  52:  various  causes,  39.  A  Turkish  Army 
begins  occupation  of  Batum,  Kars  and  Ardahan, 
districts  -in  the  Caucasus.  German  prisoners  re- 
port the  bursting  of  one  of  the  long  range  guns 
bombarding    Paris,    killing    5    of   the   gun    crew. 

•  Coimt  Czernin,  Austro-Hungarlan  Foreign  Min- 
ister, discusses  the  14  points  laid  down  by  President 
Wilson  in  Feb.  1 1  address,  approves  of  them  as  a 
basis  ol  peace,  but  doubts  il  Allies  will  accept  them. 

.■\.pril  3 — Ayette  is  taken  by  the  AUies;  192  prisoners 
captured,  including  6  officers.  British  raid  north- 
east ol  Loos  and  Poelcapelle. 


War  Chronology— Continued. 


745 


April  3 — British  airmen  down  9  German  machines, 
drive  3  out  of  control,  destroy  1  balloon,  losing  5. 
Blrtish  Admiralty  reports  losses  lor  past  week: 
13  merchantmen  over  1,600  tons:  5  fishing 
vessels;  arrivals,  2,416;  sailings,  2,379. 

— White  Guards  capture  eastern  part  ot  Tammer- 
fors,  Finland,  and  1,000  prisoners. 

— War  Council  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  aimounces  that 
all  available  shipping  will  bs  used  to  rush  troops  to 
France. 

—40,000  German  troops  land  at  Hango,  Finland. 

— Capt.  James  Byford  McCudden,  British  airman, 
age  23,  wins  the  Victoria  Cross.  Has  been  awarded 
Distinguished  Service  Order,  Croix  de  Guen-e,  Mili- 
tary Cross  and  Military  Medal;  has  encountered 
54  enemy  planes. 

April  4 — king  Albert  confers  upon  Gen.  Pershing 
Belgian  Grand  Cross  of  Order  of  Leopold. 

— Kaiser  Wllhelm  confers  upon  Baron  von  Richt- 
holen  Order  of  Red  Eagle  with  Crown  and  Swords 
for  75  victories. 

— Ten  German  attacks  at  junction  of  French  and 
British  Armies  on  the  Somme;  German  forces  make 
Blight  advance,  occupying  villages  ol  Mailly,  Raine- 
val  and  Morisel. 

— United  States  troops  now  occupy  Meuse  heights, 
south  of  Verdun. 

— Amsterdam  despatch  says  Allied  raid  on  Co- 
blenz  killed  26,  wounded  100:  that  on  Treves 
killed  60,  and  on  Cologne  struck  a  troop  train. 

— Moscow  despatch  reports  Erzerum  captured  by 
Armenians  from  Turks. 

April  5 — French  improve  position  in  region  of  Mailly, 
Ralneval  and  Morisel  and  in  Cantigny;  Germans 
occupy  village  of  Dernancourt,  reach  Albert- 
Amiens  railway,  but  are  driven  back. 

—Germans  claim  to  have  taken  between  March  21 
and  29,  51,218  prisoners;  total  up  to  present, 
90,000;  1,300  guns;  tTie  Allies  deny  these  figures. 

•—Japanese  and  British  forces  land  at  Vladivostok. 

-—Cunard  Line  freighter  Valeria  (5,865  tons)  reported 
torpedoed. 

—United  States  Army  at  end  of  the  first  year  ol  the 
war  totals  more  than  1,500,000  men. 

April  6 — Germans  strike  east  and  south  of  Chauny, 
gain  foothold  at  Abbecourt,  and  Barisis;  suffer 
severe  losses;  take  Pierremande  and  Folembray. 

—The  Belgian  relief  ship  Ministre  de  Smet  de 
Naeyer  (2,712  tons)  is  sunk  by  a  mine  in  the  North 
Sea;  12  drowned;  17  saved. 

—The  President  at  Liberty  Loan  meeting  in  Balti- 
more condemns  German  treaties  forced  on  Russia 
and  Roumanla  and  says  Germany's  challenge  will 
be  met  with  "force  to  the  utmost." 

— Long  distance  bombardment  of  Paris. 

April  7 — British  retake  Aveluy  Wood  and  repel  at- 
tack opposite  Albert  and  south  of  Hebuterne;  the 
suburbs  of  Chauny  and  French  and  British  posi- 
tions near  Amigny  are  taken  by  German  forces 
under  Gen.  von  Boehn,  with  1,400  prisoners. 

— Germans  bombard  Rheims. 

— United  States  troops  in  Tou!  sector  repel  two  Ger- 
man raids.  Turks  take  Ardahan  from  Armenians; 
Constantinople  reports  Turkish  troops  advancing 
over  wide  area  in  the  Caucasus. 

April  8 — Germans  drive  French  back  to  the  west 
bank  of  Ailette,  take  Vemeuil  and  heights  east  of 
Coucy-le-Chateau.  British  make  slight  advance 
on  south  bank  ot  Somme;  lines  around  Bucquoy 
are  heavily  shelled. 
—Belgian  relief  ship  Flanders  sunk  by  mine. 

—Germany  sends  ultimatum,  demanding  the  re- 
moval or  disarmament  of  all  Russian  wai'shlps  in 
Finnish  waters  by  April  12. 

— Brig.  Gen.  C.  C.  Williams  ordered  to  Washington 

■  to  relieve  Brig.  Gen.  Charles  B.  Wheeler,  who  goes 
to  France  as  ordnance  officer  with  Gen.  Pershing. 

April  9 — Germans  drive  in  line  held  by  British  and 
Portuguese  4J^  miles  on  11-mlle  front,  from 
Glvenchy  to  La  Bassee,  capture  Rlchebourg-St. 
Vaast  and  Laventie:  British  repel  attacks  at 
Glvenchy  and  Fleurbaix. 

—Man-Power  Bill,  Including  a  provision  for  con- 
scription In  Ireland,  is  introduced  in  the  House  of 
Commons. 

April  10 — Germans  cross  the  Lys  between  Armen- 
tleres  and  Estaires;  British  are  forced  back  north 
and  south  of  Armentieres;  French  repulse  Germans 
In  Hangard. 


April  10 — British  and  Portuguese,  on  line  from  La 
Bassee  Canal  to  Armentieres,  are  forced  back  six 
miles;  at  Mcssines  Ridge,  south  of  Ypres,  British 
retire  2  miles.  In  counter  attack  on  Glvenchy, 
British  take  750  prisoners. 

— The  village  of  Hangard  changes "  hands  several 
times,  remaining  with  the  French,  who  penetrate 
line  northwest  ol  Rheims  and  bring  back  prisoners, 

— The  Germans  claim  to  have  taken  6,000  prisoners 
and  100  guns. 

— Secretary  Daniels  says  1,275  vessels  (1,055,116 
tons)  were  added  to  the  navy  in  the  first  year  ol  the 
war. 

— German  troops  at  Limbui'g,  Prussia,  mutiny,  kill- 
ing 3  officers. 

— Russian  Commerce  Commissioner  says  treaty  with 
Germany  takes  300,000  square  miles,  with  66,- 
000,000  Inhabitants  (32%  of  Russia's  entire  popu- 
lation, besides  one-third  of  her  railways,  73%  of 
her  iron,  89%  of  her  coal). 

— Brig.  Gen.  Frederick  E.  Resche,  German  born,  of 
Minnesota,  in  command  34th  National  Guard, 
Camp  Cody,  N.  M.,  is  discharged  from  the  service 
for  failing  to  maintain  his  command  on  efficient 
looting. 

April  11 — Germans  attack  British  from  La  Bassfie  to 
Ypres-Comines  Canal  and  push  them  back  6  miles 
on  north  end  of  battle  front  at  Estaires  and  Steen- 
wercic.  British  troops  retire  from  Armentieres, 
which  is  full  of  gas. 

— British  troops  continue  advance  in  Palestine. 

— A  shot  Iron  German  long  range  gun  strikes  found- 
ling asylum  in  Paris;  klUs  4;  wounds  21. 

— United  States  steamship  Lake  Moor  (4,500  tons) 
is  sunk  by  German  submarine;  6  officers,  40  men 
missing. 

— British  in  Palestine  advance  a  mile  and  a  hall  on 
5-mile  front,  take  villages  of  El-Kefr  and  Ralat. 

— German  squadron,  with  several  transports,  anives 
at  Lovisa. 

— Paris  despatch  states  that  in  an  official  note  a  letter 
of  Charles  ot  Austria,  written  to  his  brother-in- 
law  Prince  Sixtus  de  Bourbon,  Is  made  public,  in 
which  the  Emperor  acknowledges  the  just  claims 
of  France  to  Alsace-Lorraine,  offers  to  support 
France's  claim  and  declares  Belgium  to  be  re- 
established and  retain  her  African  possessions. 
Vienna  despatch  states  that  in  an  official  telegram 
to  the  Kaiser  the  Emperor  declares  Mr.  Clemen- 
ceau  is  "piling  up  lies,"  and  assures  the  German 
Emperor  he  repels  the  assertion  that  he  recognizes 
France's  claim  to  Alsace-Lorraine. 

.\pril  12 — Field  Marshal  Haig  issues  a  special  order 
ol  the  day,  "All  positions  must  be  held  to  the  last 
man."  Germans  sweep  the  British  and  Portu- 
guese from  the  line  ol  the  River  Lys;  they  claim 
to  have  captured  20,000  prisoners  and  200  guns. 
Germans  attack  near  Ploegsteert;  force  the  British 
from  Neuve  Eglise.  Germans  capture  British  gar- 
rison at  Armentieres.  (50  officers,  1  British  and  1 
Portuguese  General,  3,000  men,  45  cannon,  many 
machine  guns  and  a  quantity  of  ammunition.) 
United  States  troops  aid  in  the  repulse  of  attack 
in  Toul  sector  and  take  22  prisoners.  Germans 
continue  to  bombard  Rheims.  Germans  make  air 
raid  on  east  coast  of  England.  French  airplanes 
down  8  of  enemy,  damage  23;  also  bomb  railway 
station  at  Jussy,  Roye,  St.  Quentin,  Nesle,  Ham, 
Gulscard  and  Noyon.  British  airplanes  bomb  and 
sweep  with  machine  gun  fire  roads  packed  with 
enemy  troops;  in  air  engagements  bring  down  40 
German  machines;  drive  20  out  of  control;  12 
British  machines  fail  to  return.  German  air  raid 
on  Paris  kills  26,  woimds  72;  on  London,  kills  5, 
injures  15.  The  House  of  Commons  passes  the 
Man  Power  BiU,  containing  Irish  conscription 
clause.  British  Government  Committee  of  In- 
quiry reports  brutal  treatment  ol  prisoners  ol 
war  by  Germans.  The  Irish  Convention  presents 
a  divided  report  to  the  British  Government;  pro- 
poses Irish  Parliament  ol  2  houses,  the  National- 
ists offer  40%  of  membership  to  Unionists;  to  this 
the  Ulster  Unionists  would  not  agree. 

April  13 — Germans  capture  Rossignol,  advance  to 
border  of  Nleppe  Wood:  take  400  prisoners. 
French  hold  Hangard  against  repeated  counter  at- 
tacks and  repulse  German  raids  between  the  Ail- 
ette and  the  Aisne. 


746 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


April  13 — British  hold  line  against  massed  attack  from 
Armentieres  to  Hazebrouck;  Germans  driven  out  ot 
Neuve  Eglise,  leaving  prisoners,  Including  a  bat- 
talion commander. 

— German  troops  occupy  Helsingfors,  Finland. 

— Amsterdam  despatch  states  that  au  offlrial  state- 
ment Issued  by  Count  Czernin  declares  that  Em- 
peror Charles's  letter  published  by  the  French  was 
falsified.  Emperor  William  thanks  Emperor 
Charles  for  his  telegram  repudiating  the  statement 
of  Premier  Clemenccau. 

— The  British  and  French  Governments  agree  to 
confer  on  Gen.  Foch  title  of  Commander  in  Chief 
of  Allied  armies  in  France. 

— Navy  Department  announces  United  States  steam- 
ship Cyclops,  with  293  on  board,  not  heard  from 
since  March  4. 

—German  troops  take  Hyving;  Finnish  Wl\ite  Guards 
take  Bjomeborg. 

April  15 — "Fat  Bertha"  (long  range  gun)  bombards 
Paris;  kills  13;  wounds  45. 

— British  sink  10  German  trawlers. 

— Turks  recapture  Batum,  Russian  Black  Sea  port 
in  the  Caucasus. 

—Lieut.  Fonck,  French  aviator,  brings  down  his  34tli 
German  airplane. 

— Count  Czemln,  Austro-Hungarian  Minister,  re- 
signs. 

April  16 — United  States  casualty*  list  to  date 
killed,  472;  died  of  wounds,  83;  by  accidents,  190 
of  disease,  903;  other  catises,  45;  missing,  83 
slightly  wounded,  1,827. 

— Bolo  Pasha,  convicted  in  France  of  treason,  exe- 
cuted. 

— In  France  men  of  19  years  are  called  for  training. 

— Red  Guards  evacuate  Abo. 

April  17 — British  line  on  western  front  holds  against 
repeated  attacks;  Gen.  von  Arnlm's  forces  take 
PoelcapcUe,  Langemarck  and  Zonnebeke.  The 
Germans  claim  to  have  taken  in  the  last  few  days 
2,500  prisoners. 

— "Big  Bertha"  kills  9  women  and  2  men  In  Paris. 

— London  reports  Greek  and  British  troops  have 
crossed  the  Struma,  on  the  Macedonian  front,  and 
occupy  7  towns. 

— United  States  steamship  Florence  H.  (5,500  tons) 
blown  up  by  internal  explosion  while  In  French 
port.    34  of  crew  of  75  saved. 

— Baron  Burlan  appointed  to  succeed  Count  Czer- 
nin; Hungarian  Cabinet  (Premier  Dr.  Wekerle) 
resigns. 

— British  losses  by  mine  or  submarine  for  the  week: 
15  merchantmen  (11  over  1,600  tons);  1  flshiug 
vessel;  12  unsuccessfully  attacked.  Arrivals, 
2,211;  saUlngs.  2,456.    . 

— Viscount  Mllner  succeeds  Lord  Derby  as  British 
Secretary  of  War;  Lord  Derby  appointed  Ambas- 
sador to  France,  succeeding  Lord  Bertie.  Hou.se 
of  Lords  passes  Man  Power  Bill. 

April  18 — West  of  La  Bassee  and  Glvenchy  10  Ger- 
man divisions  (about  125,000  men)  attack  British 
on  10-mlle  front.  British  hold  line  and  take  200 
prisoners.  The  French  extend  their  line  to  out- 
skirts of  Castel;  carry  heights  west  of  the  Avre; 
take  500  prisoners;  15  officers;  several  machine 
guns.  Man  Power  Bill  becomes  law  In  England. 
AU  parties  in  Ireland  oppose  conscription;  Sir  Ed- 
ward Carson  appeals  to  his  friends  not  to  take  any 
action  Ukely  to  Impede  victory,  even  if  it  entails 
Home  Rule. 

April  18-19 — Fifteen  French  airplanes  drop  tons  of 
projectiles  on  German  bivouacs  In  the  region  of 
Ham,  Gulscard  and  Noyon. 

April  19 — French  claim  to  have  taken  650  prisoner.s, 
Including  20  ofHcers.  Germans  claim  1,600  taken 
in  fighting  near  Festubert  and  Glvenchy. 

— United  States  and  French  troops  raid  German  Une 
on  the  Meuse,  but  find  the  German  trenches  de- 
serted. 

— German  torpedo  craft  bombard  Allied  camp  and 
storage  places  on  coast  between  Dunkirk  and 
Nieuport. 

.—Premier  Orlando  announces  the  Italian  Army  forms 
right  wing  of  united  Allied  army  in  France. 

— Long  range  bombardment  of  Paris  resumed. 

April  19-20 — Seventy  French  planes  bomb  stations 
at  St.  Quentin  and  railways  near  Jussy;  7  planes 
bomb  stations  at  Montcornet,  Asfeld  and  Hirson. 


April  20 — Germany,  through  the  Swiss  Minister,  de- 
mands release  of  Lieut,  von  liintelen  in  exchange 
for  Siegfried  Paul  London,  under  sentence  in  War- 
saw as  a  spy,  threatening  reprisals  on  the  Ameri- 
cans in  Germany  if  demand  is  not  complied  with. 
United  States  threatens  counter  reprisals. 

April  21 — The  Germans  claim  to  have  taken  183 
men,  including  5  officers  and  25  machine  guns; 
Gen.  Pershing  estimates  German  losses  at  300  to 
500. 

— Paris  reports  that  since  long  range  bombardment 
began,  March  23,  it  has  kUled  118  and  injured  230 
(2  days'  reports  missing). 

— British  airplanes  drop  12  tons  of  bombs  on  Me- 
uin,  Armentieres  and  the  Thourotte  raih'oad 
junction,  down  6  German  machines,  disable  3. 
Large  fires  are  caused  at  Chautnes,  Juniville  and 
Betheuville;  3  British  machines  fall  to  return. 

— British  and  French  troops  land  at  Murmansk  on 
northern  coast  of  Kola  Peninsula,  Arctic  Ocean,  to 
guard  against  attacks  by  Finnish  White  Guards. 
Russian  Red  Guards  are  co-operating. 

• — Armenians  capture  Van,  in  Tiirklsh  Armenia. 

— Guatemala  National  Assembly  declares  war  with 
Germany. 

April  22 — Baron  von  Richthofen,  the  leader  of  the 
German  flyers,  with  80  victm-ies  to  his  credit,  ia 
brought  down  behind  the  British  lines  and  buried 
with  military  honors. 

— Bonar  Law  presents  the  budget  in  the  House  of 
Commons,  calling  for  $14,800,000,000. 

April  23 — Major  Raoul  Lufbery  destroys  )iis  18th 
German  plane  and  Lieut.  P.  F.  Baer  of  Mobile, 
Ala.,  his  5th. 

— Uuited  States  casualties  in  France  to  date:  Killed 
in  action,  513;  died  of  wound.?,  104;  of  disease,  924; 
from  accident,  192;  othei"  causes,  93;  severely 
wounded,  419;  slightly,  1,592;  missing,  86. 

April  22-23^ — German  destroyer  and  submarine  base 
at  Zeebrugge  blockaded  by  the  sinking  of  two  old 
cruisers,  loaded  witli  cement.  The  British  cruiser 
Vindictive  runs  the  gauntlet  of  mines,  submarines 
and  heavy  gunfire,  lands  sailors  and  machine  guns 
and  distracts  attention  during  operations.  A  simi- 
lar enterprise  attempted  at  Ostend  was  not  suc- 
cessful, the  British  blockading  ships  grounding 
and  blowing  up.  British  los.ses  at  Zeebrugge  and 
Ostend:  Killed  officers  16,  men  144,  officers  died 
of  wounds  3,  missing  2,  wounded  29,  men  died  of 
wounds  25,  missing  14,  wounded  355. 

April  24r— Germans  attack  the  whole  front  south  of 
the  Somme,  but  are  repulsed;  in  later  attacks  gain 
ViUers-Bretonneux,  east  of  Robecq.  British  re- 
tain their  line.  The  Germans  gain  a  footing  in  the 
outskirts  of  Hangard;  are  checked  at  Haillcs  and 
Seuecat  Wood;  capture  Viengelhoek  Hill,  and  take 
French  prisoners.  Check  Allied  advance  north- 
west of  Bethune. 

— British  Admiralty  announces  it  will  discontinue 
issuing  weekly  bulletin  of  losses  and  substitute 
monthly  ones.  It  reports  losses  In  tonnage  since 
beginning  of  1917,  for  quarter  ending  March, 
British,  918,840;  Allied  and  neutral,  1,619,373; 
ending  June,  British,  1,361,370;  Allied  and  neu- 
tral, 2,236,934;  ending  September,  British,  952,938; 
Allied  and  neutral,  1,494,473;  ending  December, 
British,  782,880;  Allied  and  neutral,  1,272,843; 
ending  March,  1918,  British,  687,576;  Alhed  and 
neutral,  1,123,510. 

April  25 — Germans  assault  from  Wytschaete  to 
BalUeul;  in  Lys  salient,  French  and  British  lose 
ground.    Germans  capture  Hancard. 

— British  sloop  Cowslip  torpedoed;  5  ofiBcers,  1  man 
missing. 

— French  fight  their  way  into  Hangard. 

— Gen.  von  Rlsberg,  Speaker  in  German  Reichstag, 
states  that  on  March  24  the  Germans  missing 
totalled  664,104;  239,676  were  prisoners  in  France; 
119,000  in  England;  1.^7,000  in  Russia  and  Rou- 
manla;  the  rest  probably  dead. 

April  27 — The  French  win  back  gi'ound  near  Kemmel 
and  recapture  Locre. 

— The  British  capture  Kirfa,  in  Mesopotamia,  and 
40  prisoners;  the  Turks  retreat  to  Kirkuk,  are 
overtaken  by  British  cavalry,  who  kill  more  than 
100  and  take  538  prisoners. 

— British  Air  Ministry  announces  that  during  March 
British  airmen  dropped  over  the  enemy  air  lines 
in  France  23,099  bombs  by  day  and  3  3,080  by 
night.  Germans  in  area  occupied  by  British,  517 
by  day  and  1,948  by  night. 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


747 


April  27 — The  French  Goverument  decrees  3  meatless 
days  a  week,  Wednesday.  Thursday  and  Friday. 

April  28 — The  loss  of  Kemmel  Heights  forces  British 

,  to  retire.  Locre  changes  liaada  5  times;  Germans 
get  footing  tliere,  but  are  tiriVen  from  Voorme- 
zeele. 

—In  Mesopotamia  the  British  force  the  passage  of 
the  Aqsu. 

—The  British  Uuer  Orissa  (5,436  tons)  torpedoed  in 
English  waters:  57  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Americans  are 
saved;  3  of  cre\7  are  lost. 

—Dr.  Sidonio  Pae3  elected  President  of  Portuguese 
Republic. 

April  29 — British  flyera  drop  275  tons  of  bombs  on 
enemy  troops  east  of  Locre. 

—In  Mesopotamia,  British  capture  Tuzhurmatli  and 
300  prisoners. 

April  30 — British  casualties  during  April:  Killed  or 
died  of  wounds,  officers,  1,621;  men,  7,723; 
wounded  or  missing,  officers,  7,447;  men,  35,864. 

May  1^— Legion  made  of  the  Czechs  and  Slavs  join 
Italians  to  fight  against  Austria. 

-British  troops  advance  a  mile  west  of  the  River 
Jordan,  in  region  of  Mezrah;  take  260  prisoners. 

— Sebastopol,  Russian  fortress  in  the  Crimea,  oc- 
cupied by  German  troops. 

—Long  range  bombardment  of  Paris  continues;  3 
women  Injured. 

—At  Versailles,  Premiers  Lloyd  George,  Clemenceau 
and  Orlando,  with  representatives  of  France,  Great 
Britain,  Italy  and  the  United  States,  meet  in  con- 
ference. 

— Gavrio  Prinzip,  Serbian  assassin  of  the  Austro- 
Hungarian  Archduke  Francis  Ferdinand,  in  July, 
1914,  died  in  an  Austrian  fortress. 

May  2 — Australian  troops  enter  Es  Salt,  capture  33 
Germans,  317  Turks;  a  detached  brigade  of  horse 
artillery  loses  9  guns. 

—United  States  steamship  Tyler  sunk  by  submarine 
in  the  Mediterranean;  11  lives  lost;  British  steam- 
ship Franklyn  and  two  others  are  torpedoed  in 
same  attack. 

—British  airmen  drop  3  H  tons  of  bombs  on  Bapaume 
and  other  targets,  bring  down  14  hostile  machines, 
disable  4,  lose  5.  Also  drop  5>^  tons  of  bombs  on 
Chaulnes,  Juniville  and  at  Caix,  and  on  lock  gates 
at  Zeebnigge. 

—In  Lower  House  of  Prussian  Diet  Social  Democrat 
motion  to  restore  equal  suffrage  provision  is  de- 
feated. 

May  3 — French  take  important  positions  between 
Hailles  and  Castel;  French  and  British  raid  south 
of  Arras  and  east  of  St.  Denant,  taking  guns  and 

;  prisoners;  south  of  the  Avre,  Hill  82  and  the  wood 
bordering  on  the  Avre  are  taken  and  over  100 
prisoners  (4  officers) ;  a  German  attack  near  Ailette 
is  repulsed. 

—British  airmen  bomb  Thionville  railway  station 
and  Carlshuttle  work. 

—United  States  makes  an  agreement  with  Norway 
for  exchange  and  restrictions  of  exports  to  enemy. 

May  4 — Italian  airship  drops  a  ton  of  explosives  on 
aviation  ground  at  Campo  Magglore. 

—British  mission  to  United  States  estimated  British 
casualties  In  Picardy  eihce  March  21  approxi- 
mate 250,000  killed,  wounded  or  missing. 

— Field  Mai'shal  Lord  French  named  Lord  Lieuten- 
and  of  Ireland. 

—British  airmen  drop  more  than  20  tons  of  bombs 
on  Chaulnes,  Toumai  and  La  Basi;ee  railway  sta- 
tions and  on  Estaires,  Marcelcave,  Memeo, 
Comines  and  Middelkerke;  bring  down  28  German 
machines;  disable  5;  anti-aircraft  guns  shoot  down 
3;  11  British  machines  are  missing. 

May  5 — British  repulse  German  attack  near  Hinges, 
on  western  front,  and  improve  line  at  Sally-le-Sec 
and  east  of  Hebuterne. 

May  6 — British  down  6  hostile  machines,  losing  1. 
At  night  British  airmen  drop  100  bombs  in  neigh- 
borhood of  Bapaume,  1  British  machine  fails  to 
return. 

—Treaty  of  peace  is  signed  at  Bucharest  by  repre- 
sentatives of  Roumania  and  the  four  Central 
Powers. 

— Major  Gen.  Sir  Frederick  B.  Maurice,  recently 
Director  of  British  Military  Operations,  accuses 
Premier  Lloyd  George  and  Chancellor  Bonar  Law 
of  misstating  army  strength. 

May  7 — Germans  south  of  Briraant  cross  Aisne 
Canal  and  return  with  prisoasi-s. 


May  7 — Australians  succeed  in  reaching  German 
lines  on  both  sides  of  Corbie-Bray  road,  but 
are  driven  back. 

— Nicaraguan  Congress  declares  war  on  Germany 
and  her  allies. 

— United  States  casualties  to  date:  Killed  in  action 
(including  227  lost  at  sea),  643;  died  of  wounds, 
134;  of  disease,  1,005;  accident,  220;  from  ctther 
causes,  51;  severely  wounded,  413;  slightly 
wounded,  2,492;  missing  in  action  and  prisoners, 
122. 

May  9 — France  reports  officially  Allied  tonnage  lost 
by  submarines  during  April,  381,631. 

— In  vote,  on  motion  made  by  Mr.  Asquith,  who  in- 
vestigated Gen.  Maurice's  charges,  British  House 
of  Commons  sustains  Lloyd  George. 

May  10 — The  trenches  northwest  of  Albert,  taken 
by  the  Germans,  are  recaptured;  the  French  cap- 
ture Grivesnes  and  258  prisoners. 

— Italians  capture  Monte  Corno;  take  100  prisoners. 

— The  British  sink  a  block  ship  across  entrance  to 
Ostend. 

— The  Sant'  Anna,  Italian  transport,  is  sunk;  038 
soldiers  and  workmen  lost. 

— The  hearing  in  Bonnet  Rouge  case,  Paris,  com- 
pleted. 

May  11 — British  raid  west  of  Merville,  take  prison- 
ers and  machine  guns;  German  raids  east  of  Ypres 
and  near  Neuville  are  repulsed;  Germans  attack 
French  in  the  Bois  la  Ceuvre;  gain  a  footing  and 
ai'e  driven  out,  leaving  100  prisoners  and  15  ma- 
chine guns;  French  raid  southeast  of  Montdldier 
and  northeast  of  Thioncourt. 

-^United  States  artillery  fire  causes  fires  in  the  vil- 
lages of  Cantigny  and  St.  Georges,  held  by  the 
Germans. 

— German  submarines  are  warned  by  wireless  not  to 
return  to  Ostend  or  Zeebrugge. 

— The  Italians  attack  Col  dell'  Orso,  destroying  its 
Austrian  garrison. 

— Major  Gen.  Maurice  is  placed  on  retired  pay. 

May  \0-ll — French  bombing  machines  drop  7,000 
kilos  of  explosives  on  railway  stations  and  canton- 
ments in  region  of  Noyon,  Chauny  and  Flevy-Ie- 
M  artel. 

— German  air  fighting  echelon,  formerly  led  by  Baron 
von  Richthofen,  shoot  down  19  Allied  planes. 

May  13— Berlin  reports  Allied  aero  losses  on  German 
front  diwing  April,  airplanes,  271;  captive  bal- 
loons, 15;  admit  loss  of  123  planes  and  14  captive 
balloons. 

— British  anti-aircraft  guns  bring  down  6  German 
machines,  disable  1;  British  airmen  drop  12  tons 
of  bombs  on  railway  station  at  Lille,  Menin, 
Chaulnes,  Peronne  and  docks  at  Bruges;  all  ma- 

— German  and  Austrian  Emperors  meet  and  agree 
upon  a  close  military  alliance  for  25  years. 

^Prussian  Lower  House  rejects  motion  to  restore  to 
Franchise  Reform  Bill  provision  for  equal  man- 
hood suffrage. 

— In  April  British  a.rmen  drop  6,033  bombs  behind 
enemv  line;  Germans  drop  1,346  in  area  held  by 
the  B"ritish. 

— United  States  casualty  list  to  date:  Killed  in 
action,  712;  died  of  wounds,  172;  of  disease,  ac- 
cidents and  other  causes,  1.331;  severely  wounded, 
486;  slightly  wounded,  2,752;  missing  in  action  and 
in  prison,  215. 

— Germans  bombard  French  lines  at  night  north  of 
Tilontdidier  and  between  Montdidier  and  Noyon. 

— Germans  bomb  neighborhood  ot  Dunkirk. 

— Italian  naval  forces  enter  Pola  Harbor  and  sink  an 
Austrian  battleship. 

— German  Emperor  proclaims  Lithuania  as  an  Inde- 
pendent state.  _ 

May  15— Mr.  Duval,  Director  of  Bonnet  Rouge,  is 
sentenced  to  death;  the  other  6  defendants  in 
court  martial  proceedings  receive  prison  sentences 
of  from  2  to  10  years. 

— British  Admiralty  regulations,  closing  by  mine 
fields  approximately  22,000  square  miles  In  north- 
ern part  of  North  Sea,  go  into  effect. 

May  16 — British  raid  Austrian  positions  at  Canove; 
Italian  infantry  enters  Monte  Asolone,  kill  or  dis- 
perse the  garrison. 

— German  airmen  attempting  to  raid  Pai'is  are  driven 

off-  .  ^  .r 

— British  airmen  bomb  Saarbrucken  in  German  Lor- 
raine and  destroy  5  enemy  machines,  losing  1. 
— Two  German  submarines  sighted  near  Bermuda. 


^48 


Wcr  Chronology — Continued. 


May  17 — A  large  Russian  transport,  with  3,000  on 
board  (many  woihen  and  children),  siinlt  by  a 
German  submarine;  only  a  few  hundred  saved. 

—German  division,  near  Dvinsl?,  Russia,  mutinies, 
refusing  to  go  to  the  Russian  front.  By  order  of 
the  commander  50  are  shot;  1,000  held  to  await 
com't  mai'tial. 

— Capt.  Antonio  Silvio  Resnati,  Italian  aviator, 
k.illed  while  flying  at  an  aviation  field  in  New  York. 

May  18 — British  airmen  raid  Cologne  by  daylight. 
Drive  2  enemy  planes  out  of  control. 

— United  States  steamsliip  William  Rockefeller  sunk 
by  torpedo. 

— American  Minister  to  Cliina  says  Japanese  and 
Cliinese  Government?  have  concluded  a  defensive 
alliance  against  Germany. 

— The  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  announces  pro- 
German  plot  in  Ireland;  over  100  Sinn  Fein  lead- 
ers arrested  and  deported  to  England. 

May  19 — Australians  capture  ViUe-sur-Ancre,  a  mile 
from  Morlaucoui-t;  3G0  prisoners,  20  machine  guns; 
German  raids  in  Picardy  and  Lorraine  are  repelled 
by  United  States  troops. 

— London  despatches  say  that  the  Allied  air  raid  on 
Cologne  killed  14,  Injured  40. 

— Mussulman  and  Bolshevllc  forces  battle  at  Baku, 
on  Caspian  Sea;  2,000  killed,  3,000  wounded. 

— German  troops  occupy  Bjorko,  an  island  in  Gulf  of 
Finland,  30  miles  northwest  of  Petrograd. 

— Major  Raoul  Lufbery,  American  a^'iator,  shot 
down  by  an  enemy  airplane  over  Toul. 

— France  protests  to  Switzerland  against  recent  com- 
mercial agreement  with  Germany  and  threatens 
to  withhold  shipments  of  coal. 

May  20 — On  south  bank  of  Ancre,  British  enter 
ViUe-sur-Ancre. 

— United  States  cargo  steamship  J.  G.  McCullough 
is  sunk  by  mine  or  torpedo  in  foreign  waters. 

—In  German  air  raid  on  London  British  barrage 
brings  down  4  Gothas;  1  falls  into  sea,  2  are  lost; 
British  casualties,  37  killed,  101  wounded. 

— German  bombing  squadrons  destroy  French  muni- 
tion depots  near  Biargies. 

— Swedish  steamship  New  Sweden  sunk  by  shell  fire 
in  Mediterranean;  its  200  passengers  taken  oft. 

— Twenty  German  airplanes  raid  London;  kill  44, 
injure  179;  5  raiding  planes  destroyed. 

May  21 — United  States  casualties  to  date:  Killed 
in  action,  755;  died  of  wounds,  194;  from  accident, 
disease  and  other  causes,  1,379;  severely  wounded, 
595;  slightly  wounded,  2,949;  missing  In  action 
and  prisoners,  294. 

May  21-22 — British  airplanes  bomb  Mannheim  and 
destroy  chlorine  gas  plant. 

May  22 — Thirty  German  airplanes  raid  Paris;  kill  1, 
injure  12. 

— United  States  steamship  Wakiva  siuik,  with  loss  of 
2,  in  collision  in  European  water.s. 

May  23 — British  airmen  drop  4  tons  of  bombs  on 
electric  power  station  at  Karusewald;  11  tons  on 
airdromes  and  billets  and  docks  at  Bru?cs. 

— British  transport  Moldavia,  on  way  to  Cliaimcl 
port,  torpedoed  and  sunk  off  English  coast;  56 
United  States  soldiers  killed  by  the  explosion. 

— First  sitting  of  Russo-Ukralnlan  Peace  Confer- 
ence; Russian  delegates  recognize  Ukraine  as  in- 
dependent state. 

— British  airmen  bomb  enemy  positions,  causing  3 
fires  in  Mannheim,  on  the  Rhine. 

May  24 — British  machines  bomb  Peronne,  Fricourt 
and  Bapaume  and  in  Somme  area,  also  railways 
and  factories  at  Norgunlangen,  12  miles  north  of 
Metz. 

— Steamer  Iimiscarra,  bound  from  Fishguard  to 
Cork,  torpedoed  and  sunk;  37  of  crew  missing. 

— Troops  of  German  division  at  Dvlnsk  mutiny;  50 
eriecuted;  1,000  imprisoned. 

— Amsterdam  despatch  says  Germans  took  7  Rus- 
sian battleships  when  they  occupied  Sebastopol. 

May  25 — Allies  bomb  billets  near  Armentleres  and 
Merville  and  ammunition  dumps  at  Vesseneare  and 
tjliG  6ru£r6s  docks 

— The  Hetty  Dunn,  Edna  and  Hauppauge,  United 
States  merchant  ships,  sunlc  by  German  submarine. 

■ — German  superdreadnaught  U  boat,  attacking 
United  States  transport,  sunk  by  United  States 
destroyers. 

May  25-June  14 — German  submarines  sink  19  ships 
off  coasts  of  New  Jerseyi  Delaware,  Maryland  and 
Virginia. 


May  26 — During  Allied  raids  over  Liege,  Longdoz 
railroad  station  destroyed;  26  killed. 

— English  transport  Leasowe  Castle  (9,737  tons) 
sunk  by  submarine  in  Mediterranean;  captain,  2 
wireless  operators,  6  of  crew,  13  military  ofDcers,  79 
men  missing. 

— Italian  troops  break  through  Austro-German  de- 
fensive at  Capo  Sile,  on  lower  Piave  front;  take  433 
prisoners. 

May  27 — Big  drive  begins  on  western  front,  Germans 
drive  Allies  across  the  Aisne-Mame  Canal,  take 
Cormicy,  Cauroy  and  Loivre;  Germans  attack 
British  at  Berry-au-Bac  and  the  French  by  the 
Chemin-des-Dames;  Germans  take  Chemln-des- 
Dames  Ridge;  near  Dickebusch  Lake,  Germans 
penetrate  French  positions,  advance  in  Aisne 
Valley,  reach  Pont-Arcy. 

— German  infantry  cross  the  Ailette,  pierce  British 
lines  between  Corbeuy  and  the  Aisne,  take  Pinon, 
Chavignons,  Fort  Malmaison.  Courtecou,  Cerny, 
the  AVlntciberg  and  Craonne  and  the  Villerberg. 

— Italians  advance  northwest  of  Prente,  take  870 
Germans  and  12  guns,  capture  summit  of  Monte 
Zignolon. 

—Lieut.  Kiel,  leading  Austrian  aviator,  reported 
killed  in  action. 

May  28 — Germans  advance  iu  Ai'^ne  sector,  oj'oss  the 
Vesle  at  two  points,  gain  much  territory,  take 
numerous  towns  and  villages;  French  and  British 
retire  steadily.  Germans  claim  to  have  taken 
16,000  prisoners. 

— Counter  attacks  re-establisli  British  line  east  of 
Dickebuscli  Lake;  Germans  attack  French  south- 
east of  Soissons;  west  of  Montdidier  United  States 
troops,  aided  by  British  tanks,  take  village  of 
Cantigny,  and  hold  it  against  counter  attacks. 

— Mr.  Keronko,  Bolshevik  representative  at  Hel- 
singfors,  expelled  from  Finland,  and  a  pro-German 
cabinet  formed. 

May  29— Germans  take  Soi.sson.?,  with  25,000  pris- 
oners, including  2  generals  (1  British,  1  French), 
also  town  of  Courcy,  5  miles  from  Rheims. 

— German  airplane  bombards  Amiens. 

May  30 — Germans  advance  to  within  2  miles  of 
Rheims.  German  submarine  sinks  12  Irish  fishing 
vessels;  no  lives  lost.  The  Agawam,  cargo  ship, 
launched  at  Port  Newark,  N.  J.;  first  composite 
wood  and  steel  slilp.  War  Cloud,  launched  at 
Jacksonville,  Fia. 

May  31 — German  forces  north  of  the  Aisne  advance 
to  Nouvron  and  Fontenoy,  but  fail  to  cross  the 
Mame.  United  States  transport  President  Lin- 
coln, returning,  sunk  by  torpedo  off  the  French 
coast;  loss,  28  out  of  715. 

June  1 — Germans  attack  on  whole  front  between  the 
Oise  and  the  Mame,  advance  as  far  as  Nouvron 
and  Fontenoy;  attack  on  Fort  de  la  Porapelle 
drives  out  French,  who  counter  attack,  regain  posi- 
tions and  take  400  prisoners  and  4  tanks;  Germans 
break  tlirough  on  both  sides  of  the  Ourcq  River, 
reach  heights  of  NcuUly  and  north  of  CV.ateau- 
Thlerry. 

— British  air  squadron  bombards  Karlsruhe. 

—British  airmen  bomb  railway  stations  and  junc- 
tions at  Metz-Sablon,  Karthaus  and  Thionville. 

June  2 — Germans  reach  outskirts  of  Fore.st  of  Retz, 
surrounding  Villers-Cotterets,  retake  Favcrolles, 
but  fall  in  attack  on  Courcy  and  Troesnes;  French 
take  Hill  153,  recapture  Champlat  and  gain  ground 
in  direction  of  Ville-en-Tardenois;  German,!  take 
heights  of  Passy  and  Courcbamps.  German  air- 
men bomb  British  Red  Cross  hospitals.  The 
Texel  sunk  by  submarine  off  Atlantic  City,  N.  J. 
Schooner  Edward  H.  Cole  and  another  vessel  sunk 
by  submarine  off  New  Jersey  coast;  crew  rescued 
by  steamship  Bristol.  Schooner  Jacob  S.  Haskell 
sunk  by  gunfire  of  submarine;  crew  rescued.  Her- 
bert L.  Pratt,  Standard  Oil  Co.  tank  steamship, 
sunk  by  German  submarine.  AUled  air  raid  on 
Cologne  kills'  146. 

June  3 — Southeast  of  Strazeele,  British  repulse  raids, 
take  288  prisoners  and  anti-tank  gun,  30  machine 
guns  and  several  trench  mortars.  British  filrplanes 
bomb  railway  stations  at  St.  Quentin,  Douai  and 
Luxemburg.  Italian  airmen,  on  French  front, 
bomb  Noyon,  Peronne,  Rosieres  and  Nesle. 
Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  issues  proclamation 
staying  conscription  if  50,000  volunteer  by  Oct. 
1,  and  from  200,000  to  300,000  monthly  thereafter. 
Seventy  years  of  penny  postage  ends  in  Great 
Britain,  from  to-day,  3  half  pence  (3c). 


War  Chronologij— Continued. 


749 


June  4 — Between  the  Aisne  and  the  Ourcq  Germans 
capture  village  of  Pernant  and  town  of  NeuUly-la- 
Poterie. 

^Now  reported  that  ships  sunk  on  June  2  off  New 
Jersey  coast  were  Edna  (375  tons),  Carolina  (5,092 
tons),  Herbert  L.  Pratt  (5,372  tons),  Wlnne  Connie 
(1,869  tons),  Edward  H.  Cole  (1,791  tons),  Jacob 
H.  HaskeU  (1,778  tons),  Isabelle  H.  WUey  (779 
tons),  Hattle  Dunn  (436  tons),  Samuel  W.  Hath- 
away (1,038  tons),  Hauppauge  (1,330  tons). 

—French  and  United  States  forces  compel  Germans 
to  recross  the  Mame,  leaving  100  prisoners. 

—German  submarine  attacks  French  steamship 
Radloliene  off  Maryland  coast;  is  driven.  o££  by 
United  States  destroyer. 

—Norwegian  steamship  Eidsvold  sunk  by  German 
submarine  oS  Virginia  Capea;  crew  rescued.  Bark 
Attila  and  a  schooner  torpedoed  on  way  from 
Gibraltar.  British  steamship  Harpathlan  blown  up 
ofl  Virginia  Capes. 

—United  States  Secretary  of  State,  in  reply  to  de- 
mand for  release  of  von  Rintelen,  says  tins  Govern- 
ment does  not  recognize  principle  of  retaliation,  re- 
fuses compliance  and  reminds  Germany  that  there 
are  many  Germans  in  the  United  States  subject  to 
counter  reprisals. 

June  5 — Norwegian  steamship  VInland  torpedoed  off 
Virginia  Capes.  United  States  freight  steamship 
Argonaut  torpedoed  ofl  Scilly  Island. 

—Germans  advance  on  south  bank  of  Aisne,  take 
Dommiers;  United  States  troops  penetrate  enemy 
positions  In  Picardy  and  Lorraine;  French  counter 
attack  regains  ground  near  Vingre,  take  150  pris- 
oners, drive  Germans  from  around  Chavigny  Farm 
and  take  50  prisoners. 

-British  airmen  bomb  Metz-Sablon  and  railroad 
sidings  at  Thionville,  Armeutieres,  and  Roye  sta- 
tions and  Zeebrugge  seaplane  base. 

— United  States  troops  drive  Germans  from  NeuiUy 
Wood  by  bayonet  charge. 

— Britisli  boarding  vessel  sunk  by  German  submarine, 
7  sailors  missing. 

June  6 — West  of  Chateau-Thierry  United  States 
troops  drive  Germans  a  mile  on  2-miIe  fj-ont,  take 
270  prisoners;  United  States  and  French  troop.s 
advance  in  region  of  NeuiUy-la-Poterle  and  Bou- 
resches;  German  attacks  at  Champlat,  heights  of 
BUgny,  southwest  of  Ste.  Euphraise  and  between 
the  Mame  and  RheUns,  are  repulsed;  French  take 
Le  Port,  west  of  Fontenoy  and  north  of  the  Aisne, 
village  of  Vinly,  and  regain  HiU  204. 

— Germans  claim  that  since  May  27  army  group  of 
Crown  Prince  has  taken  more  than  55,000  prison- 
ers (1,500  officers),  656  guns,  2,000  macliine  guns. 

—Gen.  Perslilng  reports  that  on  western  front,  be- 
tween April  14  and  May  31,  Lieut.  Douglas  Camp- 
bell brought  down  6  enemy  airplanes,  Capt.  Peter- 
son and  Lieut.  Rickenbacher  each  brought  down  3. 

— United  States  Marines  drive  Germans  2H  miles, 
destroy  nest  of  machine  gutie,  capture  village  of 
Torcy  and  force  way  into  Bouresches. 

— Holland  hospital  vessel  Kontngen-Regentes  sunk 
In  North  Sea;  a  few  lives  lost. 

—Germans  sent  ultimatum  to  Russia,  Russian  Black 
Sea  fleet  must  be  returned  to  Sebastopol  as  con- 
dition of  cessation  of  advance  on  Ukraine  front; 
time  limit  set  for  June  14. 

June  7 — United  States  and  French  troops  take  vil- 
lages of  NeuiUy-la-Poterie  and  Bouresches  and 
Bligny,  between  the  Marne  and  RUeims,  and  200 
prisoners.  ,      ,       .    , 

—Germans  occupy  Allied  positions  on  banlts  of  the 
Ancre  and  take  300  prisoners. 

— Germans  claim  to  have  taken  250  prisoners  during 
French  advance  west  of  Kemmel. 

— Northwest  of  Thierry  United  States  troops  advance 
2  Yi  mUes  on  6-mile  front.  ^    .  „ 

June  8 — Artillery  activity  In  neighborhood  of  Han- 
gard-en-Santerre  and  south  of  Aisne,  north  of 
Albert  and  southeast  of  Arras.  French  advance  to 
outskirts  of  Dunimard.  east  of  Chezy  and  north  of 
NeuiUy-la-Poterie. 

— By  attacks  on  the  Mame,  Franco-American  troops 
put  Germans  on  defensive;  United  States  forces, 
imder  Gen.  Perslung,  capture  and  hold  Bouresches; 
French  recapture  Locre  Hospice. 

—1,000  Czecho-Slovak  troops  reach  Vladivostok. 

—Norwegian  steamer  Vindeggen  sunk  by  German 
submarine  oH  Cape  Hatteras;  steamBhip  Plnar  del 
•  Rio  destroyed  by  gunhre  off  Maryland  coast,  no 
Uves  lost. 


June  8 — United  States  Government  announces  about 
6,000  Germans  interned  as  enemy  aliens;  349 
United  States  prisoners  in  Germany. 

June  9 — New  German  drive  begins  on  20-miIe  front 
between  Montdidier  and  Noyon.  Germans  suc- 
ceed in  getting  a  foothold  in  villages  of  Ressons- 
sur-Matz  and  Mareuil,  capture  heights  of  Gury, 
are  held  on  line  of  Rubescourt,  Le  Fretoy  and  Mor- 
temer  and  on  front  comprising  Belval,  Cannect- 
aucourt  and  Ville. 

— British  airmen  bomb  region  around  Roye  and  fire 
3,000  rounds  of  ammunition  at  infantry. 

— British  and  French  airmen  bomb  Nesle  and  Fres- 
noy-le-Roye. 

— British  airplanes  sink  3  German  submarines  by 
dropping  depth  bombs. 

June  10 — United  States  Marines,  northwest  of  Cha- 
teau-Tliierry,  in  Belleau  Wood,  pierce  German  line 
two-thirds  of  a  mile  on  600-yard  front. 

— The  French  retire  2  miles  to  line  of  BatUy  and  west 
of  Nampcel. 

— Norwegian  steamer  Hendrik  Lund  sunk  by  Ger- 
man submarine  off  Cape  Hatteras. 

— Austrian  dreadnaught  destroyed  and  a  second 
damaged  by  Italian  torpedo  boat  near  Dalmatian 
Islands. 

— Long  range  bombardment  of  Paris  resumed. 

— David  Putnam,  descendant  ol  Israel  Putnam, 
brings  down  his  fifth  German  plane. 

— Germans  capture  villages  of  Mery,  Belloy  and  St. 
Maur  and  gain  a  footing  in  MarquegUse.  Cour- 
celles,  taken  and  retaken,  remains  with  French. 
On  centre  Germans  reach  south  edge  of  Cuviliy 
Wood  and  Ressons-sur-Matz.  French  take  nearly 
1,000  prisoners.  GermaiLS  take  ridge  east  of  Mery 
and  break  through  fourth  Allied  position.  Gen. 
von  Schoeler's  forces  cross  the  Matz,  attack  heights 
of  Marqueglise  and  Vignemont  and  advance  to 
Antheuil.  On  the  Oise  Germans  advance  as  far  as 
Ribecourt. 

— Germans  claim  to  have  captured  since  May  27  up 
to  75,000  prisoners. 

June  11 — Allies  in  counter  offensive  advance  on  7- 
mile  front  between  Montdidier  and  Noyon,  retake 
much  ground;  take  1,000  prisoners. 

— French  nearly  reach  Fretoy,  take  heights  between 
Courceiles  and  Mortemer;  retake  Belloy  and 
Genlis  Wood;  reach  south  outskirts  of  St.  Maur;  in 
centre  drive  Germans  back  beyond  Loge  Farm 
and  Antheuil.  South  of  Ourcq  United  States 
troops  capture  Belleau  Wood  and  300  prisoners. 
British  advance  in  region  of  Morlancourt,  M  mile 
on  IH-mile  front;  take  298  prisoners  (5  ofBcers). 
21  machine  guns.  Under  German  attacks,  French 
withdraw  to  west  bank  of  Oise. 

— United  States  casualties  to  date:  Killed  in  action, 
1,072;  died  of  wounds,  318;  of  disease,'  accident  and 
other  causes,  1,597;  wounded  in  action,  4,190;  miss- 

— Long  distance  shelling  of  Paris  kills  2,  woimds  9. 

— British  Admiralty  reports  between  June  6  and  9 
(inclusive),  10  air  raids  bombed  Thourout,  Zee- 
brugge lock  gates,  Brugeoise  works,  Bruges  docks, 
Bruges  Canal,  Glustelles,  Marialter  and  St.  Denis- 
Westrem  airdromes. 

June  12 — French  advance  in  region  of  Belloy  Wood 
and  St.  Maur;  take  400  prisoners.  Germans  get 
foothold  on  the  Matz,  occupy  MeUcocq  and  ad- 
joinlrg  heights  and  gain  on  plateau  west  of  Dom- 
mieres  and  Cutry.  French  are  thrown  back  on 
front  from  Le  Ployron  to  Authiel.  Germans  clear 
AlUed  forces  from  v/est  bank  of  the  Oise.  French 
are  driven  south  as  far  as  Tracy-le-Val.  ^  ^  „ 

—United  States  troops  complete  seizm-e  of  Belleau 
Wood. 

— Final  figures  for  eighth  German  War  Loan  (Includ- 
ing army  subscriptions)  places  total  at  S3,750,- 
000,000. 

— London  announces  that  German  advance  has  prac- 
tically ceased.  Germans  claim  to  have  taken  smce 
beginning  of  drive  on  June  9,  15,000  prisoners,  150 
guns;  they  launch  attack  from  Courceiles  to  north 
ol  Mery,  between  the  Aisne  and  Forest  of  Villers- 
Cotterets.  Germans  take  villages  of  Laversine; 
are  repulsed  at  most  other  points.  French  dnve 
Germans  back  across  the  Matz  and  recapture 
MeUcocq.  British  aerial  squadron  bombs  station 
at  Treves  and  factories  and  stations  at  Dillingen. 
Swedish  steamship  Dora  (1,555  tons)  sunk,  losing 
9  of  her  crew. 


750 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


June  14 — Germans  attack  French  from  Courcellcs 
to  Mery  lor  8  hours  -without  gaining  an  inch.  Be- 
tween Soissons  and  Villers-Cotterets  the  Germans 
penetrate  on  both  sides  of  the  road.  French  troops 
recapture  Coeuvres-de-Valsery,  south  of  the  Aisne. 
German  drive  west  of  the  Oise  is  definitely  halted. 

— Norwegian  ships  Samsa  and  Krlngs  Jaa,  both  small, 
sunk  by  U  boat,  90  miles  off  Virginia  Capes;  no 

.    casualties. 

— Gorman  forces  advance  in  south  Russia  in  force  of 
10,000;  Red  Guards  almost  annihilated  on  shore  of 
Sea  of  Azov. 

— Turks  occupy  Tabriz,  second  largest  city  in  Persia; 
United  States  consulate  and  missionary  hospital 
looted. 

June  15 — French  drive  Germans  from  Coeuvres-et- 
Valsery,  south  of  the  Aisne,  and  French  improve 
position  east  of  Montgobert;  take  130  prisoners, 
10  machine  guns.  North  of  Bethune,  British  take 
196  prisoners,  10  machine  guns. 

— despatch  from  United  States  Army  in  France  says 
United  States  forces  have  been  occupying  sectors 
on  battle  front  in  Alsace  since  May  21. 

■ — Rome  despatch  says  Austria  begins  offensive  on 
90-mile  front,  from  Asiago  Plateau  to  the  sea;  on 
British  right  attacks  fall.  On  left,  Austrians  pierce 
British  lines  for  1,000  yards  on  2,500-yard  front. 
Prisoners  taken  by  British  and  Italians  since  be- 
giiming  of  fighting,  120  ofBccrs,  4,500  men. 

— Gen.  March,  United  States  Chief  of  Staff,  an- 
nounces more  than  800,000  United  States  troops 
in  France. 

June  16 — London  reports  abnormal  quiet  after  (> 
days  of  desperate  fighting.  In  local  actions  French 
In  region  of  Veullly  take  70  German  prisoners  and 
a  number  of  machine  guns.  British  raid  south- 
west of  Merris,  south  of  the  Somme  and  near 
Hebuteme;  take  28  prisoners,  several  machine 
puna.  600  German  shock  troops  attack  village  of 
Zivray,  in  Toul  sector,  held  by  Americans,  and  are 
repulsed  without  loss. 

—On  Italian  front  Allies  regain  all  ground  lost  in 
iirst  Austrian  rush,  except  a  lew  places  on  Piavo 
River.  Italians  reoccupy  original  positions  on 
Asolone  and  at  Monte  Solarola  salient;  take  3,000 
prisoners,  including  89  officers.  British  also  are 
"back  on  original  front  line.  Austrians  claim  to 
have  crossed  the  Piave  at.  numerous  points  and 
taken  Allied  positions  on  the  Piave  end  on  both 
sides  of  the  Oderzo-Trevlso  Railroad,  and  to  have 
taken  6,000  prisoners. 

— British  airmen  bomb  railways  at  Armertieres, 
Kstaires,  Commines  and  Courtrai  and  docks  of 
Bruges. 

—United  States  casualties  since  entering  the  war 
total  8,085. 

— Exchange  of  160,000  French  and  German  prison- 
ers of  war  begins  thorugh  Switzerland. 

—Premier  Orlando  announces  to  Italian  Chamber  of 
Deputies  that  a  peace  offer  of  Emperor  Charles, 
including  proposed  cession  of  territory,  has  been 
declined. 

June  17 — Germans  make  unsuccessful  attempt  to 
construct  a  foot  bridge  across  the  Marne. 

— Premier  Radosladoff  of  Bulgaria  resigns  and  is 
succeeded  by  ex-Premier  Malinoff. 

• — British  Admiralty  reports  that  407  ships  sunk  by 
Germans  in  British  waters,  January,  1915,  to  June, 
1918,  have  been  salvaged. 

Juaie  18 — Troopship  Dvinsk,  chartered  by  United 
States,  torpedoed  by  German  submarine. 

— ItaUans,  supported  by  French  and  British,  regain 
ground  in  the  mountains. 

—Germans  claim  to  have  captured  30,000  prisoners 
on  Italian  front  in  3  days'  fighting. 

— Prince  Arthur  of  Connaught  arrives  In  Yokohama. 

— British    Chancellor    of    Exchequer    introduces    in 

.  House   of  Commons   vote  lor   credit   of   S2,500,- 

000,000,  making  total  to  date,  S36,710,000,000. 

June  19 — Forty  thousand  Germans  attack  Rheims 
from  three  sides  and  are  repelled  with  heavy  loss. 
Vienna  City  Council  protests  against  reduction  of 
bread  ration.  In  Bulgaria  an  anti-German  i.s 
asked  to  organize  new  cabinet.  British  Admiralty 
announces  21  German  destroyers  and  many  sub- 
marines penned  at  Zeebrugge.  Paris  announces 
Germans  since  Jan.  31  attempt  14  raids,  with  300 
airplanes;  22  passed  French  aerial  defensive;  9  of 
these  brought  down.  Prince  Arthur  of  Connaught 
at  Tokio  presents  IVlikado  of  Japan  with  a  baton 
of  a  British  Field  Marshal. 


June  20 — In  Vienna,  bakeries  looted  and  bread  riots 
of  daily  occurrence. 

— Paris  issues  official  statement  of  airplane  losses: 
January,  France  20,  Germany  78;  February,  Franco 
is,  Germany  79;  March,  France  50,  Germany  136; 
April,  France  46,  Germany  136;  May,  France  60, 
Ciermany  356. 

— Former  Russian  Premier  Alexander  Kerensky 
arrives  in  London. 

■ — Count  Tisza,  former  Austrir.u  Premier,  in  speech 
to  Htmgarian  Parliament,  says  there  is  only  one- 
third  or  onc-ouarter  sufficient  rood  to  keep  popu- 
lation in  health. 

June  21 — Belgian  steamship  Cliillier  simk  by  Ger- 
man submarine  1,400  miles  ofl  Atlantic  coast;  25 
rescued. 

■ — United  States  steamsliip  Sohurz  collides  with  tank 
steamship  Florida  oft  Cape  Lookout;  1  seaman 
killed. 

— Gen.  iMarch  announces  United  States  forces  now 
hold  39  miles  of  battle  front  in  France. 

— Washington  announces  Gen.  Semanoff  and  his 
Cossacks  defeated  in  Siberia  by  Bolshevilis. 

— United  States  airmen  partially  destroy  btkJge  over 
the  Piave  in  Italy. 

Juno  22^French  aviators  drop  behind  the  German 
lines  and  on  German  cities  thousands  of  copies  of 
an  appeal  to  Bavarians  to  revolt  from  Prussian 
tyr.iiiiiy. 

Juno  23 — Italians  drive  Austrians  across  the  Piave, 
inflicllng  losses  estimated  at  180,000.  Austrians 
are  in  flight  from  Montello  Plateau  to  Adriatic  Sea. 

June  24 — Major  Theodore  Roosevelt  jr.  cited  for 
conspicuous  gallantry  in  action. 

June  2.5 — United  States  Marines  clear  Belleau  Woods; 
ca!)ture  300  Germans. 

— Italians,  in  Piave  Valley,  capture  2,000  to  3,000 
prisoners. 

— British  transport  Orissa  sunk  by  two  submarines 
oft  Irish  coast,  with  loss  of  7  or  9  men;  botli  attack- 
ing submarines  are  sunk  by  gunfire  from  destroy- 
ers and  depth  bombs  from  merchant  ves.sels  in  the 
convoy. 

June  20 — In  western  Siberia,  Czeclio-Slovaks  capture 
Ekaterinburg,  in  centre  of  Ural  mining  country. 

—Washington  gives  out  summary  of  United  States 
marines  casualties  in  the  fighting  at  Belleau 
V»^oods  and  Contigny;  341  deiiths  (13  offlcer.s);  759 
wounded  (29  officers) ;  2  missing. 

— London  reports  influenza  eindemic  along  German 
front. 

Jiuie  27 — Llandovery  Castle  sunk  on  retmni  voyage 
from  Canada;  110  miles  off  Fastnet;  234  missing. 

— First  contingent  of  United  States  troops  arrive.'?  at 
Genoa,  Italy;  enthusiastically  greeted. 

— German  airplanes  raid  Paris,  kill  11,  injure  14. 

June  28 — St.  Peter's  Day  in  the  Roman  Catholic  cal- 
endar in  Catholic  churches  throughout  the  world, 
by  request  of  the  Pope,  prayers  are  oficred  for 
peace. 

— British  and  French  advance  in  Flanders.  United 
St^-.tos  troops  hold  8  Important  positions  from 
Alsace  to  Montdidier. 

June  2S — Emperor  Charles  of  Austria  declmes  resig- 
nation of  von  Seydler  ministry. 

— British  War  Office  reports  casualties  for  June: 
Killed  or  died  of  wounds,  officers,  3,01;);  mefi, 
119,218. 

— Gen.  March  announces  that  Metropolitrn  Divis- 
ion of  the  National  Army,  "New  York'fi  own," 
under  Major  Gen.  Johnson,  is  holding  a  eector  on 
the  French  front. 

— United  States  troops  of  Sanitary  Corps  arrive  in 
Italy. 

— Italian  forces  storm  and  hold  Montede  Valbella 
and  captm^e  Sasso  Rosso. 

June  28-29 — French  airmen  drop  bombs  on  enemy 
aviation  grounds  in  Somme  section,  on  bivouacs  in 
region  of  Rozieres  and  Braye,  and  railroad  stations 
of  Soissons,  Fere-en-Tarde,  etc. 

.Time  30 — France  recognizes  Czecho-Slovaks  as  an  in- 
dependent nation. 

— English  and  Japanese  land  at  Vladivostok,  patrol 
streets  and  enforce  neutrality  in  area  where  con- 
sulates are  located,  while  Czecho-Slovaks  and  Bol- 
shevikl  fight,  resulting  in  victory  of  Czecht)- 
Slovaks. 

July  1 — United  States  Marines  land  at  Kola;  co- 
operate with  British  and  French  In  protecting  rail- 
road and  war  supplies  from  Finnish  White  Guards. 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


751 


July  1 — United  States  transport  Covington  (16,339 
tons)  torpedoed  on  home  trip,  with  loss  ol  6  of  crew. 

July  2 — Americans  capture  village  of  Vaux;  Germans 
lose  heavily  in  counter  attacks. 

— Italians  begin  attack  on  Monte  Grappa;  take  many 
prisoners. 

— Germany  commands  Finnish  Diet  to  establish 
monarchical  rule  in  Finland,  threatening  a  military 
dictatorship. 

— French  troops  penetrate  German  positions  north 
of  the  Aisne;  take  457  prisoners,  30  machine  guns. 

July  3— French  advance  on  3-mile  front;  capture 
.  1,000  prisoners. 

July  4 — Australian  and  United  States  troops  capture 
Hamel,  south  of  the  Somme,  and  repulse  three 
counter  attacks. 

Jiily  5 — British  Air  Ministry's  weekly  statement 
snows  122  German  machines  destroyed,  72  driven 
out  of  control;  British  loss,  52;  14  towns  raided; 
airdrome  at  Boulay  raided  6  times.  Railroad  tri- 
angle ^t  Metz-Sablens  4  times,  Mannheim  4,  Saar- 
brucken  and  Thionvtlle  3,  Treves  and  Frescatl  2; 
7  other  towns,  including  Carlsruhe,  once.  During 
same  period  naval  airmen  bomb  docks,  submarine 
bases  and  naval  works  at  Zeebrugge,  Ostend  and 
Bruges. 

—Thirteen  United  States  airmen  in  fights  with  23 
German  planes,  down  3,  without  loss  on  western 
front. 

^British  airmen  bombard  Coblenz;  kill  12;  wound  23. 

—Count  von  Mirbach,  German  Ambassador  to  Rus- 
sia, assassinated  at  Moscow. 

July  6 — A  German  submarine  captures  Norwegian 
bark  Manx  King  (1,729  tons)  off  Cape  Race;  Brit- 
ish steamship  picks  up  crew  of  19. 

— Britlsji  air  squadrons  attack  railways  at  Metz, 
Sablenz  and  railroad  stations  and  sidings  at  Saar- 
brucken. 

— French  and  Italian  drive  in  Albania  begins. 

— German  seaplanes  attack  a  British  submarine  off 
east  coast  of  England,  killing  an  officer  and  5  men. 

July  7 — Norwegian  sailing  ship  Marosa  (1,822  tons) 
sunk  by  German  submarine  1,200  miles  east  of 
New  York. 

— Air  forces  with  British  navy  bomb  Constantinople. 

— Czecho-Slovak  forces  advance  375  miles  into 
Siberia,  defeat  Bolshevlki,  capture  Chita,  an  im- 
portant town  on  the  Trans-Siberian  railroad. 

July  8 — On  western  front  French  attack  near  Long- 
pont,  south  of  the  Aisne;  take  347  prisoners. 

— Temps  of  Paris  says  that  up  to  June  30  Paris  was 
raided  20  times  by  German  Gothas,  bombarded  by 
long  range  guns  on  39  days;  141  killed,  432  wounded 
(these  totals  do  not  include  66  crushed  to  death  in 
panic  during  raid  of  March  11). 

— Nikolsk,  northwest  of  Vladivostok,  captured  by 
the  Czecho-Slovaks,  aided  by  1,500  Cossacks  and 
Chinese  and  Japanese  volunteers. 

July  9 — French  attack  on  2  H -mile  front  between  the 
Oise  and  Montdidier,  advance  a  mile  and  capture 
2  well  fortified  farms;  taking  500  prisoners,  30  ma- 
chine guns. 

— French  and  Italians  advance  15  miles  along  Alba- 
nian coast;  capture  Fleli. 

—Dr.  von  Kuehlman,  German  Foreign  Minister,  re- 
signs. 

— Naval  airplanes  drop  bombs  on  Ostend,  Zeebrugge 
and  Bruges. 

— An  antl-Bolsheviki  government  for  Siberia  is 
formed  at  Vladivostok. 

— Finnish  Government  orders  all  Jews  to  leave  the 
country  by  Sept.  30. 

— Major  McCudden,  British  star  airman,  victor  in 
54  air  fights,  killed  by  accident,  flying  from  Eng- 
land to  France. 

July  10 — French  troops  attack  Marne  salient,  cross 
railway  and  enter  Corey. 

— Socialists  in  the  Reichstag  refuse  to  vote  for  the 
budget. 

— United   States  aviators  penetrate  50  miles  into 

German  territory,  west  of  Chateau-Thierry. 
— Ueut.  Quentin  Roosevelt  brings  down  opponent  in 

his  first  aerial  fight. 
— London  announces  54  girls  killed  in  recent  air  raid 

on  Belgium  by  German  airplanes. 
July  11 — French  capture  Corey,  also  chateau  and 

farm  of  St.  Paul,  south  of  Corey. 
—Germans  capture  5  United  States  airplanes  headed 
lor  Coblenz, 


July  11 — Germany  demands  from  Holland  60,000 
cows,  3,000  horses,  10,000  tons  of  cheese,  other 
product-s  and  monthly  credit  of  S2,800,000. 

— United  States  steamship  Westover  sunk  by  tor- 
pedo in  European  waters;  10  of  crew  missing. 

July  12 — Japan  makes  $250,000,000  loan  to  Siberia; 
Japanese  troops  to  be  provisioned  when  they  reach 
Vladivostok. 

— Italians  capture  Berat;  Austrians  flee  toward 
Elbasan  and  Durazzo.  Allied  line  now  complete 
from  Adriatic  through  Albania  and  Macedonia  to 
Aegean  Sea. 

— In  Picardy  French  advance  mUe  on  3-mile  front 
capture  CJastel,  Auchln  Farm,  occupy  Longpont, 
south  of  Aisne;  take  500  prisoners. 

— German  Chancellor,  Count  von  Hertling,  in  Reich- 
stag, declares  Germany  stood  for  a  righteous  peace, 
but  that  speeches  by  President  Wilson  and  Mr. 
Balfour  demanding  destruction  of  Germany  forced 
her  to  continue  the  war. 

— Russian  Czar  Nicholas  slain  by  Bolshevlki. 

July  13 — French  forces  cross  Savieres  River,  south- 
west of  Solssons. 

— Gen.  March  announces  750,000  United  States 
troops  in  France,  organized  into  three  army  corps; 
Gen.  Hunter  Liggett  is  commander  of  the  First 
Corps.  New  York  troops  form  part  of  Second 
Corps. 

— The  Reichstag  votes  war  credits  and  adjourns. 

— British  air  force  during  year,  beginning  July  1, 
1917,  on  western  front,  destroy  2,150;  drove  down, 
1,083.  In  same  period,  working  in  conjunction 
with  navy,  shot  down  623  hostile  machines;  during 
this  period  1,094  British  machines  missing;  92 
working  with  the  navy. 

— On  Italian"  front,  from  April  to  June,  1918,  British 
destroyed  165,  drove  down  6,  missing  13.  On 
""Salonlca  front,  between  January  and  June,  21  de- 
stroyed, 13  driven  down,  lost  4.  In  Egypt  and 
Palestine,  from  March  to  June,  26  destroyed,  15 
driven  down,  10  missing. 

— Berlin  claims  to  have  downed  468  planes  In  June, 
62  captive  balloons,  losing  153  airplanes,  51  cap- 
tive balloons. 

Jul^  14 — Agreement  signed  between  Great  Britain 
and  Germany  providing  for  exchange  of  prisoners; 
officers,  non-commissioned  officers  and  men  and 
those  interned  in  Holland,  as  well  as  civiUans  in- 
terned in  Holland  and  Switzerland;  commanders 
of  U  boats  not  included. 

— First  Lieut.  Quentin  Roosevelt  (son  of  Col.  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt)  95th  Aero  Squadron,  First  Allied 
Pursuit  Troop,  is  killed  in  aerial  flight  and  burled 
with  military  honors  by  the  Germans. 

— Major  Theodore  Roosevelt,  jr.,  wounded  and  taken 
to  Paris  hospital. 

— Army  and  marine  casualties  since  United  States 
entered  the  war  total  11,733. 

— Russian  Grand  Duke  Michael  arrives  at  Kieff,  cap- 
ital of  the  Ukraine. 

July  15 — German  troops  begin  their  fifth  drive  on 
60-mlle  front,  from  Vaux  to  the  Champagne  re- 
gion.   Germans  cross  the  Marne  near  Dormans. 

-^Americans  withdraw  4  miles  to  Conde-en-Brie; 
they  counter  attack,  driving  Germans  back  to  the 
Marne;  take  1,500  prisoners,  includnlg  a  complete 
brigade  staff. 

— Haytl  declares  war  on  Germany. 

— Czecho-Slovak  troops  capture  Kazan,  430  miles 
east  of  Moscow,  from  Bolshevlki. 

— Washington  announces  that  if  United  States  troops 
are  in  Russia  they  have  been  sent  from  England  by 
Foch. 

— Five  German  aviators  bomb  prison  camp  in  Troyes 
region,  kill  94  German  prisoners,  wound  74,  and  2 
French  soldiers  of  the  camp  guard. 

— Two  German  airplanes  bomb  United  States  Red 
Cross  hospital  at  Jonay;  2  men  killed,  9  attendants 
wounded. 

— Transport  Barunga  (7,484  tons  gross),  outward 
bound  for  Australia,  with  unfit  Australians  on 
board,  sunk  by  German  submarine;  no  casualties. 

July  16 — Southwest  of  Rhelms  Germans  advance  2 
miles  toward  Epernay;  east  of  Rhelms  Germans 
make  small  gain  at  Prunay. 

July  17 — Athens  reports  Spanish  steamship,  on  which 
Minister  Lopez  de  Vega  was  returning  to  Spain, 
torpedoed  by  German  submarine;  that  Germane 
had  been  officially  notified  of  her  sailing  and  ship 
flew  the  Minister's  flag. 


752 


War  Chronology— Continued. 


July  17 — Cunard  steamship  Carpalbia  (13,603  tons) 
sunk  by  German  submarine;  5  of  crew  killed. 

— Gen.  Pershing  reports  500  German  prisoners  cap- 
tui-ed  in  United  States  counter  attaclcs. 

— Berlin  issues  a  statement,  33  air  attacks  made  on 
German  towns  by  Allies  during  July,  12  against 
industrial  dtitricts  in  Alsace-Lorraine  and  Luxem- 
burg, 4  against  the  DiUingen  and  Saarbrueken  re- 
gions, the  rest  in  Rhine  district;  34  persons  kUlecT; 
37  severely  Injured;  35  slightly  injured. 

July  18— Soissons  taken  and  30,000  prisoners. 

— Mr.  Hoover  says  United  States  sent  dming  last 
year  §1,400,000,000  worth  o£  food  to  the  Allies. 

— French  aJid  Americans  advance  on  25-mile  fiont 
to  depth  of  3  to  6  miles.  United  States  troops  tak- 
ing a  dozen  villages,  4,000  prisoners,  30  guns. 

— Japan  accepts  proposal  from  Washington  lor  joint 
intervention  in  Siberia. 

July  19 — Germans  begin  retreat  across  the  Marne. 

— Honduras  declares  war  on  Germany. 

— On  Soissons-Marne  battle  line,  French  and  Ameri- 
cans capture  17,000  prisoners,  360  guns;  French 
drive  Germans  out  of  Oeuilly.  Itahans  capture 
Moulin  d'Ardre. 

— United  States  cruiser  San  Diego  sunk  by  mine, 
with  loss  of  6. 

— French  recapture  Montvoisln,  advance  in  Roy 
Wood  and  Courtin  Wood;  capture  400  prisoners, 
4  cannon,  30  machine  guns. 

— Party  of  United  States  Congressmen  arrive  in 
Paris,  France.  Herbert  Hoover,  United  States 
Food  Controller,  arrives  in  England. 

July  20 — United  States  troops  have  taken  17,000 
prisoners,  560  guns  on  the  Aisue-Marne  front. 
French  take  more  than  20,000  prisoners. 

— German's  withdraw  entirely  from  region  south  of 
the  Marne. 

—French  and  Italiiins  push  back  Germans  from 
mountains  of  Rheims,  beyond  Pourcy,  and  recap- 
ture Marlaux. 

—The  Scotch  take  the  village  of  Meteras  in  a  sur- 
prise day  time  assault. 

— British  airmen  cross  the  Rlune,  raid  German  cities 
and  destroy  2  Zeppelins. 

— White  Star  Line  steamship  Justicia  (32,234  tons) 
sunk  by  torpedo  oft  the  Irish  coats;  1 1  of  crew  dead. 

July  21 — Chateau-Thierry  occupied  by  tlie  French. 
Franco-American  forces  advance  north  of  the  town 
over  3  miles;  storm  Hill  No.  193;  advance  1  mile. 

— German  submarine  attacks  and  sinks  tug  and  4 
barges  off  Cape  Cod. 

— Dr.  von  Seydler,  Austrian  Premier,  and  Cabinet  re- 
sign. 

July  22 — Fishing  schooner  is  sunk  ny  German  sub- 
marine, 60  miles  southeast  of  Cape  Porpoise. 

— United  States  schooner  Robert  and  Richard  sunk 
by  German  submarine  off  Cape  Ann;  none  lost. 

— United  States  and  French  forces  advance,  occupy 
area  on  south  between  Soissons-Chatcau-Thierry 
road  and  the  Ourcq.  On  the  Marne,  United  States 
and  French  pm-sue  fleeing  Germans,  who  destroy 
villages  and  supplies. 

July  23 — On  the  west  Americans  capture  Buzancy 
and  Jaulgonne  on  the  Marne.  French  in  centre 
take  Oulchy.  On  the  east  British  capture  Petit- 
champ  Wood,  near  Marfaux. 

— French  in  Picardy  capture  heights  of  Mailly-Rain- 
dal,  overlooking  Valley  of  Avre. 

July  24 — French  and  United  States  troops,  in  Marne 
salient,  converge  from  west  and  south  on  Fere-en- 
Tardenois.  Americans  regain  Epieds,  north  of 
Marne;  advance  to  Courpoil.  British  repulse  at- 
tack at  Vrigny. 

— Total  German  casualties  since  Gen.  Foch's  drive 
began  estimated  at  180,000. 

— Several  thousand  British  munition  workers  strike. 

— Japan  agrees  to  all  United  States  proposals  for 
joint  action  in  Russia. 

— Franco-British  airmen  bomb  Bazochcs,  Courlan- 
don,  Flsmes  and  Cugnicourt. 

— From  beginning  of  present  drive  to  date  Allies  have 
taken  25,000  prisoners,  500  cannon,  thousands  of 
machine  gtins;  one-seventh  of  captives  are  boys 
of  19. 

July  25 — AUies  continue  to  close  the  pocket  of  the 
.  Aisne-Marne  salient.  British  advance  southwest 
of  Rheims,  between  the  Ardre  and  the  Vesle. 
French  are  witliln  3  miles  of  towns  of  Fere-en- 
Tardenois.  Americans  coming  up  from  the  Marne 
are  5  miles  away.  The  bulk  of  the  German  army 
is  southeast  of  a  line  between  Fismes  and  Pere. 


July  25 — Steamship  Tippecanoe,  outward  bouiid,  tor- 
pedoed and  sunk;  crew  lost. 

— Baron  von  Hussarek,  Minister  of  Education,  suc- 
ceeds Dr.  von  Seydler  as  Austrian  Premier. 

July  26 — French  recapture  Villemontotre  and  take 
Oulchy-le-Chateau  and  several  hundred  prison- 
ers. Southwest  of  Rheims  Allies  lose  Mery.  Brit- 
ish defeat  German  attempt  to  retake  Metteren. 
In  region  of  Epieds  and  Trugny,  United  States 
troops  defeat  the  Germans. 

— Lloyd  George  announces  strikers  must  either  work 
or  fight.  London  reports  the  number  of  strikers  in 
munition  factories  has  been  exaggerated. 

— Portuguese  bark  Porto  sunk  by  German  submarine 
550  miles  off  American  coast;  entire  crew  saved. 

— United  States  and  French  troops  advance  10  miles 
on  river  sector  of  Marne  sahent,  shutting  off  Ger- 
mans from  the  Marne. 

— Americans  clear  the  woods  on  north  bank  and 
French  push  eastward. 

— Seizure  of  2  men,  accused  of  trying  to  blow  up  a 
war  plant  at  Irviugton-on-the-Hudson. 

July  29 — In  Marne  salient  French  and  Americans 
advance  2  to  3  miles  on  20-mile  front,  taking  many 
villages:  Bligne,  ViHe-en-Tardenois  captured  on  the 
east;  Cierges  and  ViUers-Argron  in  centre.  On  the 
west  French  captuie  Grand-Rozoy. 

July  30 — Americans  and  French  lose  and  regain 
Cierges  and  Beugneux  and  push  ahead  2  miles. 

— Allied  Embassies  to  Russia,  Including  United 
States,  removed  from  Archangel  to  Kamalaska. 

— Baron  von  Hussarek,  new  Austrian  Premier,  de- 
clares Austria  ready  for  honorable  peace  as  soon  as 
opponents  renounce  hostile  plans. 

— tfnited  States  and  British  draft  treaty  goes  into 
effect;  British  and  Canadians  have  60  days  in 
winch  to  enlist;  treaty  does  not  affect  Irish  or  Aus- 
tralians. 

July  31 — Field  Marshal  von  Eichhorn,  German 
commander  and  virtual  dictator  in  the  Ukraine, 
assassinated  at  Kieff. 

— Gen.  March,  United  States  Chief  of  Staff,  an- 
nounces discoiitinuance  of  all  distinctions  aa  to 
Regular,  National  Army  and  National  Guard,  and 
says  sole  object  of  armies  now  is  to  kill  men. 

— Onondaga  Indians  of  New  York  declare  war  on 
Germany. 

.\ug.  1 — Allies  drive  Germans  from  edge  of  Forest  of 
Nesle  and  before  Sergy,  and  straighten  out  Une 
from  Buzancy  to  Cierges  and  the  Meunlere  Wood; 
in  centre  Americans  advance  mile  and  a  hall  on 
Fismes  road,  from  Sergy  toward  Chamery. 

— French  report  takmg  33,400  prisoners,  July  15  to 
31.  English  report  prisoners  taken  during  July, 
4,503. 

Aug.  3 — Allies  advance  on  30-mile  to  the  Ai.sne  and 
the  Vesle.  regain  50  villages,  obliterate  remnant 
of  Marne  salient.  Germans  evacuate  positions  on 
front  of  3  miles  v/est  of  the  Ancre  and  withdraw 
east  of  that  stream. 

— Americans  reach  o\it3kirts  of  Fismes.  Allied 
patrols  west  of  Rheims  hold  Vesle  fords. 

— Gen.  March  says  it  was  the  Rainbow  Division  of 
New  York  that  last  week  defeated  the  Prussian 
Guard. 

— British  ambulance  transport  Warilda,  with  600 
ill  and  wounded  .soldiers,  homeward  bound,  sunk 
by  German  submarine  near  a  British  port;  123 
mis.'sing. 

— Steamer  Lake  Portage  torpedoed  in  lat.  47  deg.  46 
mln.  N.,  long.  4  deg.  44  min.  W.;  3  of  crew  killed. 

— Steamer  O.  B.  Jenning.s  sunk  by  submarine  100 
miles  off  North  Carolina  coast;  1  killed,  several  in- 
jured. 

Aug.  4 — German  retreat  in  Aisne  district  contmuea. 
United  States  and  French  troops  occupy  Fismes 
and  cross  Vesle  at  four  points.  French  occupy  St. 
Vaast. 

— In  Montdidier  salient  Germans  withdraw  on  5  to 
10-mile  front.  French  occupy  left  bank  of  the 
Avre.    British  reoceupy  Pcrnancourt  and  Hamel. 

Aug.  5 — Germans  continue  withdrawal  on  the  Ancre 
and  the  Avre.  United  States  troops  complete 
capture  of  Fismee.  French  regain  the  Amiens- 
Montdidier  railroad.  Germans  evacuate  Lys 
salient,  north  of  La  Bassee  Canal  and  east  of 
Robecq,  pressed  closely  by  British. 

— Russian  and  Finnish  delegates  meet  ia  Berlin  to 
draw  peace  agreement. 

—Paris  again  shelled  by  "Fat  Bertha." 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


753 


Aug.  5 — Schooner  Gladys  J.  Holland  torpedoed  and 

sunk  15  miles  oB  Ironbound  Island. 
— United  States  troops  land  at  Archangel. 
— Submarine  chaser  No.  187  collides  with  another 
vessel  near  Hog  Island,  oft  Vhginia  coast,  and 
sinks;  no  lives  lost. 
— United  States  schooner  Stanley  M.  Seaman  stopped 
by  a  German  submai-ine  100  miles  east  of  Cape  Hat- 
teras,  which  takes  oft  stores. 
Aug.  G — On  Somme  salient  British  put  entire  Ger- 
man 27th  Division  out  of  action.     Allies  repulse 
ail  attempts  to   dislodge  them.     Rainy   weather 
halts  operations. 
— Hoimiania   signs   treaty   of   peace   with   Central 
Powers,  by  which  she  loses  province  of  Dobrudja, 
on  south  side  of  Danube,  and  makes  economic  con- 
cessions. 
— Dewitt  C.  Poole,  United  States  Consul  General  in 
Moscow,  destroys  liis  codes  and  records  and  turns 
over  business  of  consulate  to  Swedish  officials. 
— United  States  steamship  Morak  (3,023  gross  tons) 

sunk  by  submarine  off  Cape  Hatteras. 
Aug.  7 — United  States  and  French  troops  cross  the 
Vesle.    Britisli  troops  advance  between  Lawe  and 
Clarice  Rivers  1,000  yards  and  rush  German  post 
near  Vieux  Berquin,  in  Lys  sector. 
— Lloyd  George,  in  House  of  Commons,  says  150  U 

boats  have  been  sunk;  75  last  year. 
— Major  Gen.  Graves  is  named  to  command  United 

States  Siberian  contingent. 

— lYesh  mutiny  is  reported  among  German  sailors  at 

AVilhelmshaveu;  50  submarines  said  to  have  dis- 

aupeared;  23  leaders  of  revolt  sentenced  to  death. 

— G'ermaa  raider  sinks  Diamond  Shoals  Lightship 

No.  71. 
— The  President  puts  in  effect  law  to  prevent  use  of 
United  States  ships  or  yards  by,  foreign  Interests. 
Aug.  8 — British  and  French  Armies,  commanded  by 
Field  Marshal  Haig,  launch  new  offensive  in  Somme 
saUent;   take   Germans  by  surprise;   penetrate  7 
miles;  occupy  many  towns;  take  7,000  prisoners 
and  100  guns. 
— Allied  detachments  move  south  from  Archangel  to 
Vologda,    and    attack    Bolshevik    columns,     rein- 
forced by  Germans.  A  Japanese  Lieutenant  General 
is  in  command. 
Aug.  9 — Swedish  steamship  bombed  and  sunk  100 
miles  southeast  of  Nantucket;  British  vessel  res- 
cues  crew. 
— Anglo-French  wedge  driven  13  miles  into  flank  of 
Gennan  position  south  of  the  Somme.     Morlan- 
court  capt'ipcrt  :'..".rl  1>'T  Aibe;'t.  I'Liiiroiul  readied, 
outflanking  Montdidier.    Germans  begin  evacuat- 
-  ing  Lys  salient.     British  and  French  take  17,000 
prisoners.    Berlin  admits  losses,  but  claims  Alhed 
drive  has  been  stopped. 
— German   aviators   drop    peace   propaganda   over 
French  lines,  with  threats  to  destroy  Paris  unless 
France  makes  peace. 
— Russian  Premier  Lenine  tells  Soviets  Russia  is  at 

v/ar  with  the  Entente. 
— Gen.  Otani,  of  Japanese  Army,  named  to  lead 

United  States  and  Allied  troops  in  Siberia. 
— A  summary  of  results  of  the  AlUes'  Marne  offensive 
shows  they  captured  200  towns  and  villages,  1,000 
square  miles  of  territory  and  shortened  their  line 
33  miles. 
Aug.    10 — United   States   schooners  Katy   Palmer, 
Reliance  and  AUda  May  sunk  Jjy  German  sub- 
marine,   also   the   Sybil   and    Mary    Sennett   of 
Gloucester,  Mass. 
' — French  capture  Montdidier  and  reach  Chaulnes. 
United  States  troops  capture  Chipilly.     British 
advance  toward  Braye;  take  nearly  400  guns  and 
more  than  24,000  prisoners.     The  27th  Division, 
'    "Kmpire,"  New  York,  is  with  the  British  Army  in 

Flanders. 
Aug.  11 — French  make  appreciable  progress  between 
the  Olse  and  the  Avre;  close  in  on  Lassigny  from 
cast  and  south,  and  bombard  Roye-Noyon  road. 
British  and  French  fight  for  Chaulnes. 
^British  airmen  on  second  day  of  Picardy  offensive 
shoot  down  61  German  flyers,  making    total   126 
for  2  days. 
— Bolshevik  leaders  prepare  for  flight,  as    counter 

revolutionary  movement  spreads  in  Russia. 
• — Aviators  report  Germans  digging  in  and  stringing 
barbed  wire  before  Fr.^nco-.^merican  positions  on 
the  Vesle. 


Aug.  11— Estimated  that  36,000  prisoners,  including 
more  than  1,000  ofllcers,  captured  so  far  in  Allied 
offensive  in  Picardy. 

— Nine  United  States  fishing  boats  off  Georgia's 
banks  simk  by  U  boat. 

— London  reports  187  German  flyers  shot  down  in 
Picardy  so  far;  the  British  losing  84. 

— British  steamship  Penistone  torpedoed  by  sub- 
marine 100  miles  east  of  Nantucket. 

Aug.  12 — Allied  advance  slows  up.  Americans  cap- 
ture Bray.     French  take  Giu-y. 

— Disorder  grows  in  Moscow.    German  Ambassador 

Q^ppc    try    Pskoff 

— Norwegian  steamer  Somerstad  sunk  by  torpedo  25 
miles  off  Fire  Island;  no  casualties. 

.\ug.  13 — The  Echo  de  Paris  states  that  since  Allied 
counter  offensive  began,  July  18,  AUles  have  taken 
more  than  70,000  prisoners,  1,00<^  ^uas,  10,000 
machine  guns. 

— London  announces  for  the  five  day  fighting  on 
Picardy  front  British  have  won  277  aerial  victor- 
ies; Germans  101. 

— United  States  steamship  Frederic  Kellogg  tor- 
pedoed; 2  naval  reserve  men  lost. 

— French  ti'oops  occupy  Thiescourt  Plateau,  repulse 
an  attack,  gain  command  of  the  Divette  and  Oise 
Valleys  and  threaten  Lassigny.  Roye  is  being  en- 
veloped by  British  on  the  north  and  French  on  the 
south. 

— Norwegian  steamship  Commerstoedt  torpedoed 
oft  Fire  Island. 

— On  the  Vesle  Fi-anco-Americans  are  pushed  out  of 
Fismette,  but  recover  it  by  counter  attack. 

— French  transport  Djemnah  sunk  in  Mediterranean; 
442  men  missing. 

— Steamer  Frederick  R.  Kellogg  torpedoed  off  Bar- 
negat  Light;  3  killed,  4  missing. 

.\ug.  14 — Allies  malie  further  gains  at  both  ends  of 
Somme  salient.  French  capture  Ribecourt,  and 
Germans  evacuate  positions  ;it  Beaumont-Hamel, 
Rerre,  Puisieux-au-Mont  and  Bucquoy,  above  the 
-Wre.  English  strengthen  positions  along  Somme, 
between  Etinehem  and  Bray. 

— Capt.  James  Fitzmorris  of  Royal  Flying  Corps 
killed  near  Cincimiati  while  flying  from  lidianap- 
oUs  to  Dayton. 

— Schooner  Dorothy  Barrett  attacked  by  submarine 
near  Cape  May,  N.  J.  Crew  abandoned  vessel, 
which  takes  fire;  uo  lives  lost. 

Aug.  15 — Canadian  troops  capture  villages  of 
Damery  and  Par\ilier3,  northwest  ol  Roye.  Brit- 
ish advance  northwest  of  Chaulnes;  their  patrols 
enter  Albert.  French  make  local  gains  between 
the  Matz  and  the  Olse  River.s. 

— Prisoners  taken  on  western  front  now  mimber 
30,344. 

— Allies  from  Archangel  penetrate  100  miles  from 
Archangel  along  railway  to  ^'ologda. 

— First  of  United  States  contingent  to  operate  m 
Siberia,  27th  United  States  Infantry,  fi'om  Phil- 
ippines, lands  at  Vladivostok. 

— A  British  column,  pushing  up  through  Persia, 
reaches  Baku,  on  the  Caspian  Sea. 

— United  States  schooner  Madingadah  shelled  and 
sunk  by  submarine  near  Winter  Quarter  Shoals 
Light  Vessel. 

— United  States  steamer  Cubore  (7,300  tons)  sunk 

by  submarine;  no  lives  lost. 
Aug.  16 — French  and  British  approach  Roye  and 
repulse  counter  attack  at  Damery.  British  push 
up  the  valley  on  both  sides  of  the  Ancrc,  reach 
the  outskirts  of  Thiepval  Wood.  Germans  evacu- 
ate Vieux-Berquin,  on  Lys  salient. 
— The  Don  Cossacks  clear  left  bank  of  the  Don  and 

move  south.  „        _ 

— Large  tank  steamer  shelled  off  Cape  Hatteras  by 

a  submarine  and  reported  on  fire;  entire  crew  saved.- 

— United  States  cargo  ship  Montanan  (6,659  gross 

tons)  torpedoed  and  sunk  in  foreign  waters;  5  men 

missing. 

— A  second  United  States  transport  carrying  troops 

from  Manila  lands  at  Vladivostok. 
— United  States  air  squadron  of  18  De  HavUand  ma- 
chines (4  type),  equipped  with  Liberty  motors, 
makes  successful  flight  over  German  lines. 
— Paris  estimates  loss  in  German  kiUed  since  war  be- 
gan at  1,400,000.  ^    ^     ., 
— The  two  Kaiseis  meet  at  German   grand   head- 
quarters in  Berlin. 


754 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


Aug.  16 — Reports  from  Austria  to  effect  that  Austria's 
Constitution  will  be  revised  and  provision  made  for 
division  of  Austro-Hungarian  Empire  Into  states 
autonomous  in  home  affairs. 

—United  States  steamer  Westbrldge  (8,800  tons) 
sunk  by  torpedo  with  loss  of  3. 

— British  steamer  Escrick  (4,151  tons)  torpedoed 
about  500  miles  off  French  coast;  13  of  37  pi  cited 
up;  rest  missing. 

Aug.  17 — United  States  cargo  ship  Joseph  Cudahy 
torpedoed  about  700  miles  from  English  coast;  13 
of  crew  rescued;  62  missing. 

— French  capture  plateau  north  of  Autreches,  be- 
tween the  Somme  and  the  Marne  salients. 

—Americans  in  the  Vosges,  east  of  St.  Die.  capture 
village  of  Frapelle. 

—Japanese  troops  land  at  Vladivostok. 

— A  belated  r  ;3sage  tells  of  capture  of  Irkutsk  by 
the  Czecho-Slovaks. 

— A  message  via  Berlin  says  Soviet  troops  have  sur- 
rounded and  are  bombing  Kazan. 

— British  Admiralty  reports  2  destroyers  sunk  by 
mines,  with  loss  of  life. 

— French  cruiser  Dupetit  Thouras  sunk  by  U  boat. 

• — Austria  denounced  British  recognition  of  Czecho- 
slovaks as  a  nation  and  says  they  will  be  regarded 
and  treated  as  traitors. 

— Gen.  March  says  there  are  1,450,000  United  States 
soldiers  in  expeditionary  forces  in  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

— Norwegian  steamship  San  Jose  sunk  by  submarine; 
no  lives  lost,  and  bark  Nordhav  off  Cape  Henry. 

Aug.  18 — Americans  in  village  of  Frapelle,  on  west- 
ern front,  repulse  enemy  patrol  raids  and  make 
advances  In  spite  of  Germans  throwing  2,600 
shells. 

—Forty  survivors  of  torpedoed  British  tanker  Mirlo 
reach  Norfolk  minus  all  their  clothes,  after  having 
fought  their  way  through  a  sea  of  burning  oil;  10 
were  burned  to  death. 

Aug.  19 — French  reach  outskirts  of  Lasslgny.  Brit- 
ish capture  Roye,  a  railroad  station.  In  Lys  sa- 
lient British  advance  on  a  front  of  10  miles  and 
enter  Merville.  Northwest  of  Soissons  French 
capture  2,200  prisoners. 

-Aviation  statistics  for  four  American  squadrons 
up  to  Aug.  1  show  59' German  planes  downed,  ex- 
clusive of  Lufbery's. 

Aug.  20 — Marshal  Foch  begins  drive  on  15-miIe 
front  between  the  Alsne  and  the  Oise;  advances 
nearly  3  miles;  captures  ^  dozen  villages  and  8,000 
prisoners. 

— Czeoho-Slovak  forces  in  Western  Siberia  capture 
Shadrlnsk,  on  the  Siberian  Railroad,  east  of  the 

— ^Major  d'Annunzlo,  Italy's  poet-airman,  flies  100 
miles  across  the  Adriatic  Sea  to  Pola,  the  Austrian 
naval  base,  and  drops  14  bombs  on  the  arsenal. 

— Steam  trawler  Triumph  is  captured  by  a  subma- 
rine and  converted  into  a  raider  to  prey  upon  fish- 
ing vessels. 

Aug.  21 — Gen.  March  announces  32  United  States 
army  divisions  on  French  soil. 

— British  troops  capture  Albert,  in  Lys  salient;  reach 
outskirts  of  Neuf-Berquin.  French  widen  front  on 
south  bank  of  Oise;  cross  the  Ailette;  approach 
forest  of  Coucy,  north  of  Oise;  reach  Dlvette 
River;  take  a  large  number  of  guns  and  prisoners. 

— Paris  reports  capture  of  100,000  Germans  on  west- 
em  front  since  July  19;  defeat  of  6  German  armies 
since  Aug.  15. 

— The  Lake  Eden  torpedoed  and  sunk  In  ioreign 
waters;  6  killed,  7  missing. 

— ^United  States  bombing  airplanes  drop  38  bombs 
on  Conflans,  a  town  on  Verdun-Metz  railroad. 

—Allied  airplanes  kill  5,  Injure  2  and  damage  private 
property  at  Cologne. 

Aug.  22 — At  Paris  a  barge  loaded  with  540  tons  of 
gasoline,  belonging  to  United  States  expeditionary 

— AUled'  representatives  at  Archangel  announce  they 
have  come  at  invitation  of  rightfully  constituted 
Russian  Government  to  expel  the  Germans  and 
overturn  the  Lenine-Trotzky  peace  treaty. 

—The  Gasconler,  a  Belgian  Relief  Commission  ship, 
on  way  to  Belgium,  outside  war  zone,  with  cargo 
of  food,  sunk  by  submarine  and  lifeboats  fired  on ; 
Officer  and  6  men  killed:  others  wounded. 


Aug.  23 — British  airmen  bomb  Karlsruhe;  9  killed,  6 
Injured. 

— Australians  take  Chugues  and  Chugnolles  Valley 
and  4,000  prisoners,  including  3  battalion  com- 
manders; shoot  down  2  low  flying  German  air  ma- 
chines by  air  machines.  British  airmen  attack 
airdrome  at  Buhl  and  railway  junction  at  Treves. 

— Germans  defeated  on  50-mile  front  by  British  and 
French  from  the  Cojeul  to  the  Ailette,  losing  many 
towns,  men  and  guns. 

— British  airmen  bomb  Frankfort,  Cologne  and 
Mannheim. 

— Gen.  Foch  receive.^  his  baton  as  a  Marshal  of 
France  from  President  Poincare. 

— Gen.  Semenoff,  with  force  of  Czecho-Slovaks,  de- 
feats a  Magyar-Bolshevist  force  at  Montsiev- 
skala,  Siberia. 

— Bray,  La  Boisselle,  Orvillers,  Mouquet  Farm, 
Thlepval  and  Drandcourt  are  captured,  with  2,000 
prisoners.  West  of  Fismes  United  States  troops 
carry  line  as  far  as  Soissons-Rhelms  road. 

— Two  seaplanes  collide  in  fog  off  Fire  Island;  3  of 
crews  missing. 

— Gen.  Haig  continues  advance  from  the  Ancre  to 
the  Somme.  British  capture  Sapignles  and 
Behagnles,  towns  north  of  Bapaume.  Welsh 
troops  capture  Mametz  Woods.  French  are  in 
possession  of  entire  south  bank  of  the  Oise  and 
the  Ailette  River,  from  the  Oise  to  Pont  St.  Mard. 

Aug.  24 — United  States  troops  advance  east  of 
Bazoches;  repel  German  raid  in  the  Vesgos. 

— Austrian  airmen  bomb  city  of  Padua. 

— British  advance  toward  Bapaume,  in  Picardy,  on 
30-mile  front;  capture  Thlepval,  take  Bray,  La 
Boisselle,  Moquett  Farm  and  Gradcom-t;  surround 
town  of  Miraumont.  United  States  troops  ad- 
vance on  half-mile  front  to  Soissons-Rhelms  road. 

— Submarine  chaser  No.  209  shelled  and  sunk  by  a 

,     steamship,  Felix  Taussig,  by  mistake;  commander 

I    and  15  of  crew  missing;  4  killed,  5  Injured. 

Aug.  25 — British  advance  10  miles  on  30-mile  front, 

j  capture  La  Boisselle,  take  over  17,000  prisoners; 
attack     Bapaume    defenses,     take    Warlencom't, 

!  Sapignles  and  St.  Leger.  French  occupy  entire 
south  bank  of  the  Oise,  west  of  the  AUette  and 
the  Ailette  River,  from  the  Oise  to  Pont  St.  Marel; 
drive  Germans  from  the  plateau  of  Andlgnlcourt, 
Nanpcel  and  Carlepout  and  from  heights  west  of 
the  Ailette. 

— German  submarine  sinks  United  States  schooner 
F.  J.  Flaherty  and  Canadian  fishing  vessels  E.  B. 
Walters,  C.  M.  Walters  and  Morris  B.  Adams;  no 
Uves  lost. 

Aug.  25,  26,  27,  28 — Allied  war  planes  bombard  Con- 
stantinople 4  times  in  3  nights. 

Aug.  26 — British  take  Monchy  and  other  towns  on 
old  Hindenburg  line  and  1,500  prisoners.  French 
capture  Fresnoy,  near  Roye,  and  defeat  an  attack 
by  Prussian  Guards  on  the  Ailette. 

— British  air  raid  on  Mannheim  damages  chemical 
plants. 

— Lenlne,  Bolshevik  Premier  of  Russia,  and  Trotsky, 

I    War  Minister,  reported  to  have  taken  refuge  on 

]    vessels  at  Kronstadt  and  Petrograd  respectively. 

Aug.  27 — French  capture  Roye,  take  1,100  prison- 
ers. French   extend   line  on   Oise  nearly  a  mile. 

1    British    again    pierce    Hindenburg    line;    capture 

!    Domplerre  and  Montaubin  and  enter  Bapaume. 

'    South  of  Somme  Canadians  take  2,000  prisoners. 

— Count  von  Bernstoff  appointed  German  envoy  at 
Constantinople. 

Aug.  28 — AUies  advance  on  Somme  front.  French 
take  Chaulnes  and  Nesle,  40  villages,  reach  Canal 

i  du  Nord.  British  capture  Trones  Wood  and  out- 
flank Arras-Cambrai  road.  Canadians  on  the 
Scarpe  take  2,000  prisoners.  Germans  attack  Fis- 
mette. 

— Gen.  March  says  United  States  troops  and  Allies 
in  8  weeks  since  July  1  have  taken  102,000  pris- 
oners, 1,300  guns.  War  Department  estimates  on 
basis  of  prisoners  captured  that  Germany  in  same 
period  must  have  lost  nearly  350,000  killed  and 
wounded. 

Aug.  29 — British  take  Bapaume.  French  take 
Noyon.  Gen.  Mangln  crosses  the  Oise;  captures 
Morlincourt.  United  States  and  French  troops 
capture  Juvlgny,  but  loose  Chavlgny.  British 
captm-e  Glnchy  and  outflank  Peronne.  British 
have  taken  since  Aug.  21,  26,000  prisoners. 


War  Chronology— Continued. 


755 


Aug.  30 — British  capture  Bullecourt  and  reach  Wotan 
line.  Germans  retreat  from  Flanders.  British  oc- 
cupy Bailleul;  capture  Conblis  and  advance  toward 
Peronne.  United  States  and  French  retake 
Chaviguy  and  extend  line  east  of  Coucy. 

—United  States  steamer  Omega  (3,636  tons)  tor- 
pedoed and  sunk;  29  missing. 

Aug.  31 — British  capture  Mt.  Keramel,  southwest  of 
Ypres  and  Mt.  St.  Qiientin,  and  1,500  prisoners. 
French  cross  Canal  du  Nord,  iu  Somme  region; 
capture  Chevilly. 

• — Nicholas  Lciiine,  Bolshevik  Premier,  wounded 
twice  by  assailant. 

— .Spanish  steamsliip  Ataz-Mendi,  carrying  coal  from 
England  to  Spain,  torpedoed  and  sunk;  no  lives 
lost.    Spain  seizes  all  iiiterned  German  vessels. 

Sept.  1 — United  States  trooi)s  advance  about  2  miles 
beyond  Juvigny;  take  600  prisoners.  Allies  take 
Peronne.  Australians  take  2,000  prisoners.  Allies 
iidvance  from  south  of  Somme  to  Lys  salient  in 
Flanders.  French  advance  north  of  the  Ailette; 
giiin  foothold  in  wood  west  of  Coucy-Ie-Chateau ; 
lake  Crecy-au-Mont  and  1,000  prisoners. 

—During  August  British  take  ST.Sre  German  pris- 
oners (1,283  officers),  657  guns,  over  5,790  machine 
guns,  over  1,000  trench  mortars,  3  trains,  9  loco- 
motives. 

— British  advance  in  Macedonia  north  of  Alcak- 
mah  and  west  of  Vardar  River. 

Sept.  2 — On  western  front  Allied  forces  have'  taken 
Kince  July  15,  128,302  prisoners,  2,069  guns,  1,734 
mine  throwers,  13,783  machine  guns. 

• — British  pierce  Droecourt-Queant  Une;  take  Le 
Transloy,  Dury,  Cagnicourt  and  Boi.s-le-Bouche. 
Canadians  gain  over  3  miles.  English  reach  out- 
skirts of  Beugny,  and  take  Villers-au-Fols.  Eng- 
lish and  Aastralians  drive  Germans  from  St. 
Pierre- Vaast  Wood  and  take  villages  of  AlUnes  a:nd 
Haut-AUines.  French  occupy  Neuilly,  Terny, 
Soruy  and  advance  north  of  Crony. 

— British  airmen  bomb  airdrome  at  Buhl. 

Sept.  3 — Germans  flee  from  the  Scarpe  to  the  Somme. 
Gen.  Halg  captures  16,000  men.  British  advance 
between  Epehy  and  Vermand  and  break  through 
Wotan  switch  line. 

—United  States  cargo  ship  Lake  Owens  (2,308  gross 
tons)  sunlt  by  gunfire  in  foreign  waters. 

— United  States  steamer  Frank  H.  Buck  sinlcs  a  sub- 
marine in  mid-Atlantic  by  gunfire. 

Sept.  4 — On  west  front  British  cross  Canal  du  Nord, 
push  down  from  Queant  to  within  6  miles  of  Caro- 
brai.  French  gain  northeast  of  Noyon  and  cross 
Vesle  on  20-mile  front. 

— Despatches  to  United  States  State  Department  an- 
nounce destruction  of  Bolshevik  army  east  of  Lake 
Bailial.  The  Omsk  Provisional  Government  de- 
clares war  on  Germany.  All  Americans  in  Petro- 
grad  reported  sale. 

— Powder  factory  at  Plauen,  Saxony,  blows  up.  Out 
of  6,800  women  employed,  12  escape. 

Sept.  5 — Allies  advance  on  90-miIe  front.  British 
from  below  Peronne  to  Equancourt  take  Kill  No. 
63,  beyond  Wulverghem  and  Ploegsteert.  French 
advance  beyond  Canal  du  Nord,  from  above  the 
Nesle  to  north  of  Noyon. 

— Since  Aug.  1  British  have  taken  about  70,000 
prisoners.     French  and  Americans  about  40,000. 

—United  States  troops  advance  over  plateau  be- 
tween the  Vesle  and  the  Aisne. 

— United  States  steamer  Mount  Vernon  struck  l)y 
torpedo  200  miles  oft"  French  coast;  35  men  killed 
by  explosion:  reaches  port  by  its  own  steam. 

ftcpt.  6 — British  advance  3  miles  on  12-mile  Iror.t 
east  of  Peronne. 

— British  transport  Persic  (12,042  tons)  carrying 
2,800  United  States  troops,  torpedoed  by  German 
submarine  200  miles  oft  English  coast;  all  on  board 

Sept.  7-^eneral  retreat  of  Germans  on  front  of  100 
miles,  Arras-Cambrai  sector  to  Rheims.  British 
advance  9  mUes  beyond  the  Somme;  take  Hau- 
court,  Sorel-le-Grand  and  Metz-en-Centerre. 
I'Yench  cross  St.  Quentln  Canal;  take  Tugny 
Bridge  and  station  at  St.  Simon,  also  Terguiar,  3 
miles  from  La  Fere.  British  airmen  bomb  Mann- 
heim, poison  gas  centre. 

Sept.  8 — Allies  advance  3  miles  toward  St.  Quentin. 
Fi'ench  advance  within  2  miles  of  La  Fere.  Brit^ 
ish  occupy  Villeveque,  Roisel  and  St«.-Emilie. 
United  States  troops  take  village  of  Glennes. 


Sept.  8— During  first  week  in  September  British  take 
19,000  prisoners. 

— United  States  refugees  from  Russia  reach  Stock- 
holm. 

— Secretary  of  War  Baker,  John  D.  Ryan,  Director 
of  Aircraft  Production,  and  Surgeon  Gen.  Gorgaa 
arrive  in  Paris  for  war  conference. 

Sept.  9 — British  advance  within  5  miles  of  Hinden- 
burg  line;  take  Gouzeaucourt  Wood  and  occupy 
Vermand  and  Vendelles.  French  again  cross 
Crozat  Canal,  opposite  Liez;  hold  entire  length 
of  canal. 

— All  British  and  French  Consuls  throughout  Rus- 
sia controlled  by  Bolshevik!  are  imprisoned. 
Soviet  Government  offers  to  exchange  diplomatists 
with  England,  provided  she  guarantee  safe  con- 
duct of  all  Russians  held  in  London. 

— Five  hundred  and  twelve  counter  revolutionists  at 
Petrograd  shot  in  reprisal  for  killing  of  Mosea 
Uritzky,  Bolshevik  Commissioner,  and  36  land 
owners  put  to  death  on  account  of  attack  on  Pre- 
mier Lenine. 

Sept.  10 — ^French  close  on  south  end  of  Hindenburg 
line;  now  less  than  4  miles  from  St.  Quentin,  2  from 
La  Fere,  1  from  St.  Gobain. 

— British  airmen  bomb  U  boat  shelters  at  Bruges 
and  docks  at  Ostend. 

— Baron  Burian,  Austro-Hungarian  Foreign  Minis- 
ter, iu  address  to  Vienna  newspaper  men,  says  mili- 
tary decision  by  Central  Powers  is  doubtful,  and 
propo.?es  calm  exchange  of  views  with  the  Entente 
Powers. 

— Ambassador  Francis  reports  recent  supplementary 
treaty  between  Germany  and  Russia,  which  re- 
quires expulsion  of  Allies  from  Russian  territory 
and  payment  of  6,000,000  marks  by  Russia  to 
Germany. 

— Steamer  Berwind  sunk  by  German  submarine;  4  of 
crew  lost. 

Sept.  11 — French  capture  Travecy,  on  Hlndenbm-g 
line,  2  miles  north  of  La  Fere.  British  advance  near 
to  Cambrai  "and  St.  Quentin.  Germans  counter 
attack  Franco-Americans  and  suffer  heavy  losses. 

— On  western  front  during  month  of  August  Fi'ench 
bombing  machines  bring  down  280  German  air- 
planes and  66  captive  balloons. 

— Bolshevikl  advancing  toward  Ekaterinburg,  east  of 
Ural  Mountains,  are  defeated  by  Czecho-Slovaks 
and  Siberian  forces;  lose  1,000  men,  3  armored 
trains  and  1 1  locomotives,  60  machine  guns. 

— ^French   repulse   6    German   attacks   in   resion'of 
"  Laffaux  and  Celles-sur-Aisne.    British  advance  in 
direction  of  Attilly  and  Vermand. 

Sept.  13 — British  advance  near  Cambrai  and  around 
La  Bassee.  Gen.  Pershing's  forces  practically  wipe 
out  St.  Mihiel  salient;  take  12,0{)0  prisoners,  60 
big  guns.  The  railway,  Verdun  to  Toul  and  Nancy 
via  St.  Mihiel,  intact  and  open  to  the  Allies.  Sec- 
retary Baker  and  Gens.  Pershing  and  Petain  visit 
St.  Mihiel  a  few  hours  after  its  capture. 

— Allied  airmen  bomb  i\Ietz  and  Courcelles. 

Sept.  15^British  captiue  Maissemy,  northwest  of 
St.  Quentin.  United  States  troops  advance  2  to  3 
miles  on  33-miIe  front;  capture  200  cannon  in  St. 
Mihiel  wedge.  Fortress  of  Metz  opens  fire  on 
Allied  forces. 

— British  steamship  Galway  Castle  sunk  by  U  boat; 
120  lost,  90  of  them  women  and  children. 

— Germany  makes  peace  offer  to  Belgium. 

Sept.  16 — British  cross  St.  Quentin  Canal  in  two 
places;  take  6,000  prisoners.  British  and  I'rench 
advance  2  to  3  miles  on  21-mile  front.  United 
States  and  British  flyers  raid  Lorraine  teiTitory 
with  bombs;  manj-  giant  Haudley-Page  machines 
used  by  Americans.  - 

— Germans,  aiding  Bulgars  in  Macedonia,  defeated 
by  Serbs,  who  take  4,000  prisoners,  50  guns. 

— Nine  Coast  Guard  men  of  United  States  Seneca 
die  in  trying  to  save  British  steamer  Wellington, 
torpedoed. 

— British  advance  in  neighborhood  of  Ploegsteert  and 
Ypres  and  nort'n  of  Arras-Cambrai  road.  French 
capture  Vailly  and  Mont-des-Singes,  one  of  the 
keys-  to  Laon.  United  States  forces  establish  new 
line  on  St.  Mihiel  front;  engineers  repair  highways 
in  salient,  preparing  for  further  pursuit  of  Germans. 

— In  Macedonia,  British  begin  drive  on  10-mile  front, 
carry  first  and  second  Bulgar  lines;  take  SOO  pris- 
oners and  10  guns. 

— Czecho-Slovaks  appeal  for  Allied  help  to  hasten. 


756 


War  Chronology— Continued. 


Sept.  18 — United  States  rejects  Austro-Hungarian 

L  peace  proposal. 

—United  States  steamer.  Buena  Ventura  torpedoed 
on  voyage,  Bordeaux  to  Philadelphia;  3  boats  with 

-    64  men  missing. 

Sept.  17 — Germans  strengthen  trenches  in  front  of 
St.  Mlhiel  salient;  bum  towns  in  Moselle  region. 

—In  Macedonia,  Allies  advance  5  miles  on  12-miIe 
front;  take  Gradesbnitza,  3,000  prisoners  and  24 
guns  (Jugo-Slav  division  fighting  with  the  French). 

— Serbians  reach  Kozlak. 

—Italians  make  5  attacks  on  Tassen  Ridge;  are  re- 
pulsed by  Austrlans. 

Sept.  18 — British  advance  3  miles;  take  Epehy, 
Pelziere  and  Gauchy  Wood  and  6,000  prisoners. 
French  gain  over  a  mile. 

-Franco-Serb  forces  advance  10  miles  on  20-mile 
front;  cross  Gradeshnltza;  take  4,000  prisoners. 
United  States  tanks  attack  on  St.  Mlhiel  salient; 
enter  villages  of  Nousard,  Pommes,  La  Marche 
and  Blnney. 

Sept.  19 — English  troops  take  Lempler  and  Gauchy 
Wood.  Australians  carry  Hindenburg  outposts  in 
front  of  Hargicourt,  Villeret  and  Le  Vergnier. 
French  reach  Dallon,  beyond  Francilly  and  Sal- 
ency,  2  miles  from  St.  Queutin.  Germans  counter 
attack  on  nortliern  part  of  British  front  and  on 
French  front  in  Solssons  sector. 

— In  Macedonia,  Serbs  penetrate  Bulgar  defenses  on 
25-niile  front;  advance  15  to  17  miles;  take  5,000 
prisoners,  80  guns. 

— Gen.  Allenby,  In  Palestine,  attacks  Turks  on  16- 
mile  front;  breaks  through  between  Rafat  and  the 
sea  and  advances  12  nflles;  takes  3,000  prisoners. 

— British  evacuate  Baku,  on  Caspian  Sea,  and  with- 
draw to  Persian  base. 

— German  Ambassador,  ,in  Vienna,  presents  Ger- 
many's reply  to  Austro-Hungarian  peace  note,  and 
says  Germany  is  ready  to  participate  in  proposed 
exchange  of  Ideas. 

Sept.  20 — On  western  front  British  retake  Moeuvres. 

— Since  Sept.  18  18  German  divisions  have  been  de- 
feated by  United  Kingdom  and  Australian  troops; 
10,000  prisoners  and  more  than  60  guns  taken. 

•^British  Air  Ministry  reports  60  tons  of  bombs 
dropped  on  German  territory  In  6  days,  chiefly 
poison  gas  and  airplane  factories,  at  Mannheim, 
at  Daimler  worlis  at  Stuttgart,  railway  station  at 
Frankfort  and  docks  and  sidings  at  Karlsruhe; 
101  German  macliiues  destroyed,  37  disabled; 
British  losses,  50. 

— Austrian  U  boat  sinks  French  submarine  Circe; 
second  ofiBcer  the  only  survivor. 

— An  enemy  submarine  captures  United  States  steam 
trawler  Kingfisher  after  torpedoing  it,  95  miles  off 
English  coast;  the  crew  escapes. 

— United  States  steamer  Ticonderoga  (5,130  tons) 
sunk  by  submarine  in  midocean  without  warning; 
10  officers,  102  enlisted  men  lost;  2  officers,  5  men 
taken  prisoners. 

— AUied  air  forces  bomb  Mannheim,  Karlsruhe, 
Bolnay,  Frascaty  and  Mohange. 

— In  Central  Macedonia,  Serbs  advance  12  miles, 
freeing  16  villages.  German  and  Bulgar  reinforce- 
ments arrive. 

Sept.  21 — French  troops  take  town  of  Benay,  south- 
east of  Esslgny.  British  Improve  position  west  of 
Messlnes  and  south  of  Ypres.  British  yield  in 
some  places,  but  make  not  advance;  take  400 
prisoners.  The  Americans  now  10  miles  from  Metz 
and  same  from  Conflans. 

— Serbians,  east  of  Monastir,  advance  5  miles,  oc- 
cupy 10  villages. 

— Gen.  March,  United  States  Chief  of  Staff,  says 
1,750,000  soldiers  have  been  sent  abroad. 

—United  States  Government  directs  its  Ambassa- 
dors and  Ministers  In  neutral  and  Allied  countries 
to  ascertain  whether  Governments  to  which  they 
are  accredited  will  join  in  immediate  action  to 
protest  against  Russian  terrorism. 

— Japanese  Cabinet,  headed  by  Field  Marshal  Count 
Terauchy,  resigns. 

Sept.  22 — United  States  troops  make  2  raids  on  Ger- 
mans northeast  of  St.  Miliiel;  take  34  prisoners,  2 
machine  guns. 

— Serbian  forces  advance  in  region  of  Cebren,  take 
high  crest  near  Porta  and  Czena. 

— In  Palestine,  Gen.  Allenby  advances  beyond  Naza- 
reth, taking  18,000  prisoners,  120  guua,  much  am- 
munition. 


Sept.  22 — The  Havas  Agency,  chief  French  news 
bureau,  says  Allies  took  185,000  prisoners  in  last  2 
months,  and  estimates  enemy's  losses  of  men  un- 
able to  return  to  the  ranks  at  600,000. 

Sept.  23. — On  western  iront  2  British  airmen  in  1 
machine  capture  65  Germans,  directing  them  to 
the  British  Unes.  On  Lorraine  front  "American 
Flying  Circus"  now  accredited  with  137  aerial  vic- 
tories. 

— In  Macedonia,  northeast  of  Monastir,  French 
cavalry  capture  Prilet.  In  Doiran  region  Anglo- 
Greek  forces  join  with  Franco-Greeks  in  pursuit  of 
Bulgarians.  Anglo-Greeks  reach  Smokvltsa,  an 
advance  of  10  miles. 

— In  Palestine,  British  cavalry  capture  Acre  and  Ea 
Salt  and  Port  of  Hisa.  Arab  Allies  take  Malan; 
prisoners  in  drive  exceed  25,000. 

Sept.  24 — Count  von  Hertling,  in  Reichstag,  de- 
clares public  discontent  in  Germany  not  justified 
by  military  situation  on  western  front;  he  admits 
the  situation  is  grave,  but  says;  "We  have  no  cause 
to  be  faint-hearted;  we  have  already  had  to  pass 
through  harder  times." 

Sept.  25 — On  western  front  British  occupy  Village  of 
Selency;  make  slight  advance  near  Inchy,  west  of 
Cambral.  In  same  sector  French  take  10  German 
officers  and  more  than  500  Tnen;  take  by  assault 
the  Village  of  I'Epine-de-Dallon.  United  States 
long-range  guns  bombard  Metz  and  civilians  begin 
packing. 

— On  Macedonian  front  Bulgarians  are  retreating  on 
130-mile  front;  whole  of  Monastir-Prilep-Gradsko 
road,  connecting  the  two  Bulgar  armies,  is  in  the 
hands  of  the  Allies.  Italian  troops  in  western  Mac- 
edonia occupy  heights  north  of  Topolchanl,  be- 
tween Monastir  and  Prilep. 

— London  announces  officially  40,000  prisoners,  265 
guns,  taken  by  Gen.  AUenby's  forces  In  Palestine. 

— Ottawa  issues  statement  Canadian  net  war  losses 
to  Aug.  1,  115,806  (this  includes  killed,  died  of 
wounds,  missing,  prisoners  of  war,  and  men  dis- 
charged as  medically  unfit). 

— British  airmen  bomb  Frankfort  and  German  air- 
dromes at  Buhl  and  Kalserlaulern. 

— Russian  Bolshevik  Government  Issues  decree  to 
end  reign  of  terror  and  return  to  orderly  methods. 

Sept.  26 — United  States  troops,  on  20-mile  front, 
advance  7  miles  between  Argonne  Forest  and  Ver- 
dun; take  12  towns,  5,000  prisoners.  Left  of  the 
Americans,  French  advance  4  inlles,  retake  strong 
positions. 

— British  occupy  Amman,  in  Palestine;  hold  the 
River  Jordan;  with  the  Arabs  surround  4th  Turk- 
ish Army  of  25,000;  prisoners  now  number  45,000. 

— Serbs  capture  Veles,  25  miles  southeast  of  Uskub 
and  Istip;  also  take  Kochana.  British  capture 
Strumitza,  6  miles  across  Bulgarian  front. 

— Naval  patrol  boat  Tampa  torpedoed  and  sunk  in 
British  Channel,  with  all  on  board  (118). 

— On  western  front  British  airplanes  bomb  railways 
of  Metz-Sablon,  Andun-le-Roman,  Mezieres  and 
Thionvllle,  and  the  Frescati  airdrome. 

Sept.  27 — British  attack  on  Cambral  front,  take 
Epinay  and  Olsy-le- Verger  and  500  prisoners. 
Canadian  division  passes  Haynecourt,  reaches 
Duai-Cambral  road.  United  States  forces  take 
Charpentry,  Very,  EpinonviUe  and  Ivoyry. 
French  and  United  States  forces  advance  2  miles 
on  20-mlle  front;  capture  20  towns;  take  18,000 
prisoners. 

— Gen.  Allenby  takes  5,000  Tui'k  prisoners  and  350 
guns. 

— Bulgaria  applies  to  British  Government  for  an 
armistice.  Gen.  Franchet  de  Esperey,  In  command 
of  Allied  armies  in  Macedonia,  telegraphs  the 
French  Government  that  Bulgarian  officers  had 
applied  for  48-hour  armistice,  that  he  had  refused 
to  suspend  hostilities,  but  would  receive  delegates. 

Sept.  28 — Gen.  Haig's  men  cross  Scheldt  Canal,  cut 
Cambrai-Doual  road  and, now  within  2  mUes  of 
Cambral;  take  Highland  and  Welsh  Ridges,  cap- 
ture Noyelles-sur-L'Escaut,  Cantalng  and  Fon- 
talne-Notre-Dame.  French  on  Alsne  front  cap- 
ture Ft.  Malmalson;  take  Somme-Py,  Jouy  and 
Aizi.  Canadians  take  the  villages  of  Raillencourt 
and  SaiUy.  United  States  troops  advance  2  miles 
to  outskirts  of  Brieulles  and  Exermont.  United 
States  batteries  hit  2  trains  loaded  with  Germian 
troops  entering  BrieuUes.  Belgian  and  British 
troops  advance  over  4  mUes;  take  Houthuist  Wood 
and  most  of  Barchaentali  Ridge. 


War  Ckronohgy—Continued. 


75'7 


Sept.  28 — Panic  oa  Budapest  Bourse  and  peace  riots 
in  Berlin,  during  waich  many  statues  are  smashed. 

— Von  Hertling  resign.s  as  Chancellor  and  Admiral 
von  Hintze  as  Foreign  Secretary. 

— Week's  British  losse.s:  Officers  killed  or  died  oJ 
wounds,  432;  men,  3,936;  officers  wounded  or  miss- 
ing, 804;  men,  19.757. 

Sept.  29 — An  English  division  swims  St.  Quentin 
Canal;  pierces  Hindenburg  line  north  of  Bellen- 
glise  (only  1  drowned);  take  4,200  prisoners  (1,000 
in  BellengUse  Tunnel),  70  cannon,  over  1,000  ma- 
chine guns.    Total  British  casualty  list,  800. 

— Fi'encli  take  Revillon,  Romain  and  Montigny-sur- 
Vesle.  Iiallans,  north  of  the  Aisne,  capture  Sou- 
I)ir.  Between  Beilicourt  and  Gonnelieu  United 
States,  Australian  and  English  troops  gain  ground. 
At  Bonyard,  Villers-Guislain  Germans  make  slight 
advance.  Allies  forced  to  withdraw  from  villages 
of  Aubendreul-au-Bac  and  Ai-leux. 

— 10,000  Ttirks  surrender  to. British  at  Zaza  station, 
Palestine. 

Sept.  30 — Belgians  capture  Roulers;  take  300  guns. 
British  occupy  Gheluive;  take  97  guns  and  within 
2  miles  of  Nenln.  French  reach  the  Oise-Aisue 
Canal;  capture  halt  of  Chemin-des-Dames  and 
1,600  prisoners.  British  advance  continues  in  St. 
Ciusntin-Cambral  sector;  take  Thorigny,  Lie 
Tronquoy  and  GonneUeu.  British  again  cross 
Scheldt  Canal  and  take  Crcvecoeiir,  4  miles  south 
of  Cambrai. 

— On  Verdun  front,  18  United  States  pursuit  planes 
battle  with  25  German  Fokkers  and  bring  down  7; 
losing  none. 

■ — United  States  steamer  Ticonderoga  torpedoed  in 
mid-ocean;  2  army  ofiBcers,  99  seamen,  10  navy  of- 
ficers lost. 

— British  forces  surround  Damascus,  in  Palestine. 

— Secretary  of  State  Lansing,  in  reply  to  Germany's 
threat  to  execute  United  States  prisoners  of  war 
found  with  shot  guns,  gave  notice  that  in  sucli 
event  reprisals  will  be  taken  on  German  prisoners 
In  United  States. 

— Bulgaria  quits.  Bulgarian  delegates  sign  armistice. 
Bulgaria  to  evacuate  Greece  and  Serbia,  demobilize 
army  and  surrender  means  of  transportation,  free 
passage  to  be  given  across  territory  and  a  right  to 
occupy  strategic  points;  terms  pm'eiy  military;  no 
political  conditions. 

— Prince  Maximilian  of  Baden  succeeds  Count  George 
F.  von  Hertling  as  German  Premier. 

Oct.  1 — Field  Marshal  Haig  reports  British  forces 
during  September  took  66,300  prisoners,  including 
1,500  officers,  700  guns,  thousands  of  machine 
guns;  total  captures  August  and  September  123,618 
prisoners,  including  2,783  officers,  about  1,400 
guns. 

— Gen.  Debeny's  cavalry  (French)  enter  St.  Quentin 
at  heels  of  retreating  Germans.  Cambrai  in 
flames.  Gen.  Plumer  (Belgian)  crosses  the  Lys; 
takes  Comines;  he  Is  only  6  miles  from  Court rai. 
Belgian  forces  nearing  Bruges.  Gen.  Gouraud  con- 
tinues advance  in  Champagne  district.  United 
States  forces  battle  with  Germans  in  Argonne  re- 
gion. British  capture  liCvergies,  and  with  Cana- 
dians, Proville  and  Tillay,  and  clear  enemy  from 
high  ground  south  of  Le  Catelet. 

—Since  Sept.  26  French  have  taken  13,000  prisoners 
between  the  Suippe  and  the  Argonne. 

— Gou.  Pershing  reports  United  States  airmen  since 
Sept.  26  have  brought  down  on  western  front  more 
tliau  100  hostile  planes  and  21  balloons. 

— Gon.  AUenby  captures  Damascus  and  7,000  Turks. 
Since  Sept.  20  AUenby's  forces  have  marched  130 
miles;  taken  over  50,000  prisoners;  destroyed  3 
TurV;ish  armies.  Arab  forces  are  fighting  with 
Allies  in  Pale.5tine  and  Syria. 

Oct.  1-2 — German  airplane  bombards  a  French  hos- 
pital at  Chalons;  many  French  soldiers  killed  and 
woimded. 

Oct.  2 — Serbian  troops  enter  Nish. 

• — j'aris  says  officially  Allies  capture<l  July  15  to 
Sept.  30  5,518  officers,  248,494  men,  3,669  cannon, 
more  than  23,000  machine  guns,  hundreds  of  mine 
throwers. 

— North  of  Cambrai  New  Zealand  and  Anglo-Scot- 
tish troops  drive  enemy  from  Crevecoeur  and 
Ruraiily. 

• — Australian  troops,  northeast  of  Damascus,  capture 
Turkish  column;  take  1,500  prisoners,  2  guns,  40 
machine  guns. 


Oct.  2 — New  York  troops  force  back  Germans  jD 
Argonne  Forest.  Armies  of  Gens.  Gouraud  and 
Burthelot  continue  advance  on  front  east  and  west 
of  Pihcims;  reach  Alsne  Canal,  pass  beyond  St. 
Quentin.  Germans  recapture  Esquehart  on  Brit- 
ish front,  otherwise  whole  of  Hindenburg  system 
below  Beilicourt  Tunnel  in  hands  of  British. 
British  advance  2,000  yards  southeast  of  Roulers; 
take  Rolleghemcapelle.  French  occupy  Poulloin, 
and  take  forts  of  St.  Thiery  and  St.  Quentin. 
North  of  Vesle  River  capture  Roncy,  Guyencourt, 
Bdufflgnereux,  Villers-Frangueux,  Cauroy  and 
Courcy.  French  troops  pierce  over  5  miles  of 
barbed  wire  and  take  Challerange  (import.int  rail- 
way jimction),  northwest  of  Rheims;  take  Cor- 
micy;  reach  Aisne  Canal,  between  Conavreu;';  and 
La  Neuviliette;  take  2,800  prisoners;  in  centre 
Gen.  Bertheiot  captm'es  Loivre. 

— Thirty  Italian  naval  units  and  a  larger  number  of 
airmen  bombard  town  and  harbor  of  Dui'azzo,  in 
Albania. 

Oct.  3 — Latest  summary  of  war  material  taken  by. 
United  States  troops  in  Argonne  section  shows  130 
guns,  2,750  trench  mortars,  300  machine  guns,  100 
anti-tank  guns,  thousands  of   r/nells,   hundreds  of 
thousands  rounds  of  small  arm..?  ammunition. 

— On  western  front  in  week  endlr;g  to-day  Allies  have 
taken  60,000  prisoners  and  1,000  guns. 

— British  troops  are  in  Lenz  and  Armeutleres  and 
within  7  miles  of  Lille. 

— United  States  cargo  steamship  Lake  City  (3,500 
tons)  collides  v/ith  oil  tanker  James  McKee  oH 
Key  West  and  sinks:  30  of  crew  (35)  reported  safe. 

— Italian  steamship  Alberta  Treves  (3,838  tons)  tor- 
pedoed about  300  miles  off  American  coast;  21  of 
crew  missing. 

— Greek  troops  enter  Drama;  Bulgarians  in  with- 
drawing carry  off  cattle,  cereals,  and  railroad  roll- 
ing stock. 

—French  airmen  bomb  enemy  cantonments  and 
bivouacs  in  Lenz  region,  in  Valley  of  Suippe  and 
railway  stations. 

Oct.  4 — German  retreat  continues  on  Lenz  front, 
Britisli  advance  to  within  6  miles  of  Lille,  at  Wav- 
rln  and  Erquinghem;  reach  outskirts  of  Mont- 
brehain,  north  of  St.  Quentin.  Belgians  and 
French  make  slight  advance  tov/ard  Hooglede  and 
Roulers.  On  British  front  Germans  retake  ?Mont- 
brehain  and  Beaurevoir.  Germans  evacuate 
Brimart  and  Berru.  Northwest  of  Verdun  5 
United  States  airmen  fight  7  Germans;  bring  down 
1.  Seven  German  planes  brought  down  by  anti-air- 
craft guns.  Eight  United  States  pursuit  planes 
i-un  into  squadi'on  of  25  German  planes;  5  Germans 
brought  down;  Americans  losing  1. 

— On  western  front  in  past  week  British  airplanes 
drop  300  tons  of  bombs  on  railway  between  the 
coast  and  the  Soimne;  over  northern  France  and 
Belgium  124  enemy  machines  brought  down;  46 
driven  out  of  control;  90  British  machines  mi.'j.sing. 

— United  States  steamer  Herman  Frasch  sunk  at  sea  ■ 
in  collision  with  United  States  steamer  George  G. 
Henry;  7  ofiBcers,  16  men  missing. 

— United  States  cargo  steamship  San  Saba  (2,458 
tons)  hits  mine  and  sinks,  15  miles  southeast  of 
Bamegat,  N.  J. 

— United  States  scout  patrol  No.  397  sinks  by  internal 
explosion  In  Long  Island  Sound;  55  rescued. 

— Italians  occupy  Berat,  cross  Semenyl  River  and 
the  plain  of  Mazukja. 

— Baron  von  Hussarel;,  Austrian  Prime  Minister,  re- 
signs. 

Oct.  5 — Gen.  Haig  advances  above  St.  Quentin. 
Germans  leaving  Lille,  set  fire  to  Douai.  French 
take  heights  beyond  Rheims,  reach  Bethemville: 
capture  Fort  Brimart;  advance  4  miles  past  IMor- 
lanvillers  stronghold;  cross  Aisne  Canal  at  several 
points.  Gen.  Gouraud's  army  drives  enemy  from 
Challerange. 

— Britisli  capture  Beaurevoir  and  Montbrehaln, 
north  of  St.  Quentin,  and  1,000  prisoners.  Ameri- 
cans attack  between  the  Meuse  and  the  Argonne: 
advance  2  miles.  French  gain  ground  northwest 
of  Rheims. 

— Gen.  Allenby  advances  from  Damascus  toward 
Beirut;  has  taken  15,000  more  prisoners,  making 
total  of  71,000,  besides  8,000  claimed  by  Arab  army 
of  King  Hussein. 

— King  Ferdinand  abdicates  Bulgarian  throne  in 
favor  of  oldest  son,  Boris. 


758 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


Oct.  6 — King  Boris,  new  Kiiig  of  Bulgaria,  orders 

demobilization. 
—Bulgaria  notifies  Austrlana  and  Germans  to  Quit 
her  territory  within  a  month. 

■—Imperial  German  Chancellor  Prince  Maxmilian,  in 

t  Keichstag,  proposes  an  immediate  susj)ension  of 
hostilities.  Entente  Allies  to  be  asked  to  state  their 
peace  terms. 

Oct.  6 — In  Champagne  region  Germans  retreat  on 
28-mile  front.  French  capture  heights  around 
Nogent  I'Abbesse;  occupy  Pomade:  advance  lines 
to  south  of  Boult-sur-Suippe;  cross  the  Alsne. 
Italians  take  Soupir.  British  capture  town  of 
Fjesnoy,  south  of  Cambrai.  Germans  retreat  on 
7-mile  front  In  Rheims  salient.  United  States 
troops  capture  St.  Etienne,  1,700  prisoners,  in- 
cluding 48  officers.  Americans  cross  Scheldt  Canal. 
Gen.  Haig's  forces  reach  Haute-Deurle  Canal  line. 
Germans  continue  retreat  between  Lenz  and  Ar- 
mentleres,  evacuate  Le  Gateau,  15  miles  south- 
east of  Cambrai. 

—German  Chancellor  Prince  Maxmilian,  through 
Swiss  Government,  sends  note  to  President  Wilson 
requesting  hira  to  tal:e  in  hand  restoration  of  peace, 
acquaint  belligerents  of  request  and  invite  them  to 
send  plenipotentiaries;  says  German  Government 
accepts  Wilson  programme  of  Jan.  8  and  later  ad- 
dresses, and  requests  immediate  armistice. 

— Franco-Americans  cross  the  Aisne.  Gen.  Berthe- 
lot's  army  crosses  Aisne  Canal  north  of  Rheims. 

— Sir  Eric  Geddes,  First  Lord  of  British  Admiralty, 
and  members  of  Admiralty  Board,  arrive  at  an 
Atlantic  port. 

■ — Italians  take  Dibra. 

— Serbians  enter  Vraaje  (about  50  miles  south  of 
Nlsh). 

—In  Albania  Italians  reach  Lindas. 

—Armed  mercantile  cruiser  Otranto  collides  with 
steamship  Relshmlr  off  Scottish  coast  and  sinks; 
364  United  States  soldiers  lost. 

Oct.  7 — French  pursue  Germans  northeast  of  Rheims; 
take  Berry-au-Bac,  cross  Ames  River,  take  St. 
Masmes,  northeast  of  Rheims.  British  advance 
on  4-mlle  front  north  of  Bcarpe  River;  take  2  vil- 
lages. United  States  troops  strike  on  left  wing  east 
of  the  Argonne.  Brlti.sh  take  villages  of  Biaohe- 
St.  Vaast  and  Oppy.    Germans  set  flre  to  Laon. 

—French  sailors  capture  Beirut,  seaport  of  Syria,  on 
the  Mediterranean. 

—Serbian  troops  advance  north  of  Vranje,  toward 
Nlsh;  take  1,500  Austro-German  prisoners. 

—United  States  troops  drive  enemy  out  of  Chalet- 
Chehery  and  seize  height  west  of  the  Aire.  Brit- 
ish and  United  States  troops  attack  between  St. 
Quentin  and  Cambrai;  advance  about  2  miles  on 
entire  front;  capture  Beaugard  and  Premont.  On 
left  French,  Scottish  and  Welsh  take  village  of 
Serain.  In  centre  British  and  Welsh  take  Malin- 
court.  New  Zealanders  take  Esnes.  British  take 
Fresnes-les-Montauljan  and  Neuvireuil. 

—Italians  advance  north  in  Albania;  take  city  of 
Elbassan. 

—French,  on  Sulppe  front,  reach  outskirts  of  Conde- 
sur-Sulppe,  and  capture  Bazancourt;  northeast  of 
St.  Quentin  capture  Fontaine-Uterte  and  Belle- 
court  Farm;  also  wood  east  of  TiUoy,  Hill  134  and 
village  of  RoucToy. 

—Between  St.  Quentin  and  Cambrai  British  and 
French  advance  over  3  miles,  Hindenburg  system 
penetrated  south  of  Cambrai.  United  States  troops 
take  Comay. 

Oct.  8 — Serbians  take  Leskovatz,  25  miles  south  of 
Nlsh,  and  reach  line  of  Llppvitza  and  Kassan- 
ecevich,  10  miles  north  of  Leskovatz;  take  3,000 
prisoners. 

—Italian  fleet,  aided  by  United  States  submarine  and 
French  and  British  destroyers,  attack  and  destroy 
Austrian  fleet  and  naval  base  of  Durazzo. 

—British  oocupy  Beirut;  take  60  Turkish  officers, 
600  men. 

—Stockholm  reports  Norwegian  steamship  Gjertrud 
(593  tons)  sunk  by  German  submarine;  11  of  crew 
missing. 

—The  President,  through  Secretary  of  State  Lans- 
ing, asks  Imperial  German  Government  if  it  ac- 
cepts terms  laid  down  by  iiim  on  Jan.  8,  1918. 
Says  he  could  not  propose  armistice  to  Allies  so 
long  as  German  or  Austrian  armies  are  on  their 
soil,  and  asks  wheUier  the  Imperial  Chancellor  Is 
speaking  merely  for  the  constituted  authorities  of 
the  Empire,  who  have  thus  far  conducted  the  war. 


Oct.  9 — Allies  capture  Cambrai,  which  the  Germans, 
in  retreating,  set  fire  to. 

— United  States  troops  break  through  Kriemhilde  line 
on  both  sides  of  the  Meuse,  and  with  French,  clear 

>■  Argonne  Wood. 

— United  States  aero  bombing  expedition  of  200 
bombing  airplanes,  100  pursuit  machines,  50  tri- 
planes,  drop  32  tons  of  explosives  on  German  can- 
tonment in  area  between  Wavrllie  and  Danvillers, 
about  12  miles  north  of  Verdun;  during  light  de- 
stroy 12  enemy  planes.  In  addition,  same  day. 
United  States  airplanes  brought  down  6  German 
machines  and  balloons. 

— Serbians  reach  Goritza. 

— United  States  submarine  chaser'No.  219  sinks  from 
an  explosion;  1  killed,  1  missing;  an  officer  and  8 
men  injured. 

— Prince  Frederick  Charles  of  Hesse,  brother-in-law 
of  German  Emperor,  elected  King  of  Finland  by 
Finnish  Landtag. 

— British  armored  car  batteries  enter  Ballber.  500 
Turks  surrender  to  local  inhabitants. 

Oct.  10 — British  take  Cambrai  and  advance  12  miles 
beyond;  take  Le  Gateau,  important  railway  junc- 
tion, and  Roucroy,  7  miles  northwest  of  Dou.'xi. 
French  advance  east  of  St.  Quentin.  United  Statf's 
troops  capture  Vaux-Andigny  and  St.  Souplet, 
also  Busigny,  6  miles  southwest  of  Le  Cateau. 

— Since  beginning  of  St.  Mihlel  offensive  United 
States  anti-aircraft  cannon  and  machine  guns  ha  ve 
brought  down  32  enemy  planes;  20  by  machine 
guns;  12  by  heavier  guns. 

— Irish  mail  steamer  Leinster,  carrying  687  passen- 
gers and  a  crew  of  76,  torpedoed  in  Irish  Channel 
by  German  submarine;  480  lives  lost. 

Oct.  11 — French  continue  pursuit  of  Germans  east 
of  St.  Quentin,  advance  4  miles,  occupy  Fieulaine, 
NeuviUette,  Regny,  Chatlllon-sur-Oise,  and  The- 
nelles;  south  of  Oise  take  Servais;  between  Aiietto 
and  Alsne  take  Beaulleu-et-Chivy,  Vermeuil, 
Cortonne  and  Bourg-et-Camln;  cross  the  Aisne, 
occupy  Pargnan  and  Beaurleux,  and  capture 
Termes,  and  Grandpre  railroad  station.  British 
capture  lurvy  (In  angle  between  Selle  River  and 
Scheldt  Canal)  and  Village  of  Briastre;  between  the 
Scarpe  and  Quiery-la-Motte,  take  SaiUy-en- 
Ostrevent,  Vitry-en-Artois,  Izel-les-Equerchin 
Drocourt  and  Fouquleres. 

Oct.  12 — Gen.  Haig  and  British  advance  within  a 
mile  of  Douai.  Germans  retire  behind  the  Suesce 
Canal.     French  capture  Vouzlers. 

— At  Metropolitan  Opera  House,  New  York  City,  the 
President  receives  from  Associated  Press  unofficial 
text  of  Germany's  reply  to  his  questions  of  Oct.  8 
— accepts  terms  of  Mr.  Wilson's  address  of  Jan. 
28,  1918;  suggests  a  mixed  commission  to  make 
arrangements;  agrees  to  evacuation  and  claims  to 
be  supported  by  great  majority  of  the  Relch.stag 
and  to  speak  in  the  name  of  the  German  people. 

— The  British  hold  villages  of  Hamel,  Brebieres  and 
Ceuincy  and  capture  Montigny,  Hames  and 
Anany.  United  States  troops  take  Consenvoye 
Woods  and  Molleville  Farm  and  are  before  St. 
Juvin  and  Cumel,  which  are  in  flames.  United 
States  troops  gain  5  miles  on  40-mlle  front,  de- 
feat 7  German  divisions;  capture  10,000  prison- 
ers; take  St.  Mihlel,  Thloncourt  and  other  towns. 

— United  States  transport  Amphian  (7,409  tons), 
homeward  bound,  has  2  hours'  running  fight  with 
U  boat  800  miles  oft  Atlantic  coast;  8  men 
wounded,  2  fatally. 

— Serbians  capture  Nish. 

— Japanese  troops,  under  Gen.  Muto,  arrive  at 
Irkutsk;  are  welcomed  by  Gen.  Ivanoff,  War  Min- 
ister of  Omsk  Government. 

Oct.  13 — French  take  Laon  and  La  Fere.  Gen. 
Gouraud  reached  Aisne  bend  below  Rethel,  27 
miles  northeast  of  Rheims.  The  British  cross  the 
Sensee  Canal;  take  200  prisoners.  5,000  civilians 
in  villages  and  towns  taken  are  liberated. 

— Since  beginning  Champagne  offensive  French  have 
taken  21,567  prisoners  (499  officers),  600  guns, 
3,500  machine  guns,  200  mine  throwers,  a  great 
quantity  of  munitions  p,nd  war  materials. 

— President  Poincare,  in  Paris,  makes  Premier 
Hughes  of  Australia  a  grand  officer  of  the  Legion 
of  Honor. 

Oct.  14 — In  Albania.  Italians  take  Durazzo.  Frenclj 
take  Prizrend  and  Mitravitsa;  are  now  150  miles 
from  Monastlr  and  same  from  Sarajevo. 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


759 


Oct.  14 — Britisb  cavalry  advance;  occupy  Tripoli. 

—British  attack  on  20-mile  Iront  toward  Lys  River 
and  get  canal.  Gen.  Plumer'a  troops  capture 
Menln  Junction.  Belgians  and  French  take 
Thourout  and  Roulers.    French  advance  in  Cham- 

■  pagne,  near  Rethel.  Allied  line  is  within  2  miles 
of  Courtrai.  To  the  south  British  cross  Haute- 
Deul  Canal,  on  a  5-mlIe  front.  French  and  Brit- 
ish reach  the  Courtrai-Ingelmanister  railway. 

— In  Flanders  oflensive  so'  far  10,000  prisoners  have 
been  taken. 

— United  States  troops  pass  beyond  Cumel  and 
Ronagny,  pierce  positions  of  St.  Georges  and  Lan- 
dres-et-St.  Georges;  take  about  750  prisonei-s. 
United  States  patrol  crosses  Selle  River  near  St. 
Souplet;  takes  30  prisoners.  Allies  take  Denaat, 
Bosehmolen,  GuUeghem,  Wulverghem  and  Wer- 
vlcq.  French  capture  Roulers.  Belgians  take 
Hazebrook,  Gltsberg  and  Beverln.  All  take  pris- 
oners. Day's  total,  7,100.  Germans  react  heav- 
ily in  area  north  of  Le  Gateau. 

—Week's  British  casualty  list:  Killed  or  died  of 
wounds,  olQcers  552,  men  6,937;  wounded  or  miss- 
ing, officers  1,741,  men  26,480. 

— France  breaks  diplomatic  relations  with  Finland. 

— The  President  repUes  to  Germany's  peace  offer  in 
effect  that  military  supremacy  of  armies  of  United 
States  and  Allies  must  be  safeguarded,  processes 

^  and  methods  left  to  military  advisers;  illegal  and 
inhumane  practices  must  cease  and  German  people 
must  alter  their  government  so  that  no  one  power 
can  of  its  single  choice  destroy  the  peace  of  the 
world. 

— M.  Fi-ank  Bouillon,  head  of  Parliamentary  Com- 
mission on  Foreign  Aflairs,  says  France  will  In- 
sist on  evacuation  of  occupied  territory.  Including 
Alsace-Lorraine;  will  demand  guarantees  for  evei"y- 
thlng,  taking  German  word  for  nothing. 

— New  Turkish  Cabinet,  Tewflk  Pasha  Premier, 
notifies  Austria-Hungary  that  owing  to  military 
conditions  Turkey  must  conclude  a  separate  peace 
^vlth  the  Entente. 

Oct.  15 — United  States  troops  widen  breach  in 
Krlemhild  Une.  German  counter  attacks  fail. 
Left  wing  crosses  the  Aire  and  pass  Grand  Pre; 
centre  takes  Hill  286.  British  ,in  Selle  Valley,  take 
village  of  Haussy  and  300  prisoners.  Gen.  Plumer 
in  last  3  days  advances  8  miles  in  Flanders;  takes 
towns  of  Comines,  Wervicq,  Menin,  Wulver- 
ghem, Heule  and  Gueme. 

— United  States  transport  America  sinks  at  Hoboken 
pier. 

• — British  occupy  Honis  without  opposition. 

— Czechs,  in  Prague,  Bohemia,  start  revolt  against 
rule  of  Austria;  martial  law  proclaimed  throughout 
Bohemia. 

Oct.  16 — British  cross  the  Lys,  between  Armentieres 
and  Menin.  Soufnwest  of  Rethel  French  capture 
village  of  Acy-Romance;  northwest  of  Sissonne 
take  Notre  Dame  de  Liesse  and  village  of  Talma. 
United  States  troops  occupy  town  of  Grand  Pre; 
capture  La  Musarl  Fann.  Fi-ench  cavalry  ap- 
proach Thlelt,  7  miles  from  Ghent-Biaiges  Canal 
(10  miles  from  Holland  border).  British  reach 
Quesnoy,  4  miles  north  of  Lille;  take  Linselles. 
Belgians  attack  Bavichae,  northeast  of  Courtrai. 
Liege  division  of  Belgium  captures  German  col- 
onel, his  staff  and  2,000  men.  Belgians  cut 
Thourout-Ostend  road  and  are  astride  of  Thourout^ 
Bruges  Road. 

— Allied  forces,  including  United  States  troops,  re- 
pulse BolshevUi  attacks  on  banks  of  Dvina. 
-Americans  and  Russians  advance  toward  Welsk, 
125  miles  northeast  of  Vologda. 

— Brlti.sh  cavalry  occupy  Tripoli,  45  miles  north  of 
Beirut. 

— London  reports  that  up  to  July  31,  India  had  con- 
tributed 1,115,189  men  to  the  British  Army.  First 
Indian  war  loan,  8200,000,000;  a  second  loan 
still  greater  in  amount  not  specified. 

— Germany's  Federal  Council  accepts  amendment 
to  the  Constitution';  hereafter  consent  of  Federal 
Consul  and  of  the  Reichstag  required  for  peace 
treaties  in  case  of  declaration  of  war,  except  in 
case  of  Invasion. 

—Baron  Burian,  Austro-Hungarlan  Foreign  Min- 
ister, says  to  Foreign  Aflairs  Committee  of  Aus- 
trian delegations,  in  discussing  President's  note: 
"We  always  establish  an  agreement  with  Ger- 
many." 


Oct.  16 — Serbian  troops  capture  Krushevatz,  30  mllea 
northwest  of  Nish.    German  airplanes  bomb  Nlsh, 

— The  French  take  Ipek,  in  Montenegro. 

Oct.  17 — Allied  troops  capture  Ostend,  Bruges  and 
Lille,  and  occupy  Doual.  King  Albert  of  Belgium 
and  Queen  Elizabeth  enter  Ostend.  The  French 
cross  the  Oise,  8  miles  southwest  of  Guise.  United 
States  troops  take  Chatlllon  Wood. 

— Germans  bombard  Dunkirk  with  long  range  guns; 
2  Americans  killed:  1  man  wounded. 

Oct.  18 — Allies  take  Zeebrugge,  Bruges,  Thielt,  Tour- 
coJng,  Roubaix  and  many  other  small  towns.  Brit- 
ish take  more  of  Lille  salient.  United  States 
and  British  troops  attack  east  of  Le  Cateau,  t^e 
Bazel.  French  retake  Forest  of  Anldgny  and  vil- 
age  of  Mennevret,  a  gain  of  3  miles.  United  States 
infantry  advance  north  of  Romagne  and  take 
Bantheville;  northwest  of  Grand  Pre,  take  Talma 
Farm. 

— More  than  60  United  States  bombing  planes  at- 
tack Bayonville,  Buzancy  and  other  towns  north 
of  Grand  Pre;  escorting  planes  bring  down  10  Ger- 
man planes.  140  United  States  planes  raid  be- 
yond German  hnes  and  aU  return.  They  raid 
Remonville,  Brlciuenay,  Verpel,  Clery-le-Grand, 
AincreviUe  and  Inrecourt;  pursuit  planes  engage 
in  35  aero  fights,  bring  down  12  enemy  planes. 

— French  Premier  Clemenceau,  la  Chamber  of 
Deputies,  says:  "Our  victory  does  not  spell  re- 
venge." 

— Czechs  occupy  Prague,  in  Bohemia.  Czecho- 
slovak National  Council,  silting  in  Paris,  formally 
declares  Independence. 

— Emperor  Charles  proclaims  plan  for  federaliza- 
tion of  Austria. 

— Guatemala  confiscates  German  owned  electric  light 
company  at  Guatemala  City. 

Oct.  19 — British  advance  east  of  Lille  toward  Tour- 
nal.  British,  Americans  and  French  press  Ger- 
mans along  the  Oise-Sambre  Canal  and  in  Argonne 
and  Mouse  region.  Germans  withdraw  from  Bel- 
gian and  French  front  from  North  Sea  to  the 
Sambre.  6,000  Germans  are  caught  between  ad- 
vancing troops  and  the  Hcrfland  frontier  above 
Eecloo.  Germans  evacuate  Loges  Wood  on  north- 
west and  Bantheville  Wood  to  the  east. 

— Allies  capture  Zaietchar,  close  to  Bulgarian  border. 

— President  says  to  Austria,  in  effect:  "United 
States,  having  recognized  Czecho-Slovaks,  the 
terms  of  Jan.  8  address  no  longer  applies,'  and 
refuses  an  armistice. 

Oct.  20 — Allied  forces  drive  back  Gen.  Ludendoitf's 
40  divisions  above  and  below  Valenciennes,  on  the 
Scheldt,  a  pivotal  point.  The  British  are  within  a 
mile  of  Valenciennes  and  wltJijn  7  miles  of  Ghent. 
The  French  surround  city  of  Audenarde,  15  miles 
below  Ghent.  Gen.  Gouraud  attacks  west  of  the 
Meuse;  takes  heights  east' of  the  Aisne,  north  and 
south  of  Vouzieres,  20  guns  and  many  prisoners. 
Unite'd  States  troope  advance  on  edge  of  Bols-de- 
Bantheville  and  in  region  of  Bourrett;  clean  up 
Bois-de-Rappes,  take  80  priEoners;  cross  Olse 
Canal. 

— French  and  Serbs  reach  the  Danube,  in  the  region 
of  Vielin  (an  important  Bulgaria  river  town); 
across  the  Danube  lies  CaliXat,  a  Roumanian  city. 

— German  note,  unofficial,  is  received  by  wireless. 
On  its  face  accepts  President  Wilson's  conditions; 
claims  Kaiser's  personal  arbitrary  powers  have 
been  taken  from  him;  denies  barbarity;  claims  re- 
treat destructions  permissible  under  International 
law.    Submarines  all  recalled  to  their  bases. 

Oct.  21 — British  week's  casualty  list:  Killed  or  died 
of  wounds,  officers  517,  men  4,971;  wounded  or 
missing,  officers  1,464,  men  30,198. 

— British  airmen  attack  barracks  and  railways  at 
Metz;  7  battle  machines  missing.  German  air- 
men bomb  region  around  Clermont,  Montfaucon 
and  Rarecourt. 

— Serbian  and  French  forces  reach  Paracln,  46  miles 
northwest  of  Nish,  85  miles  southeast  of  Belgrade; 
take  1,000  Austro-German  prisoners. 

— King  George  of  England,  in  speech  to  Inter-par- 
liamentary delegates  at  Buckingham  Palace,  says: 
"Victory  is  within  reach  and  must  be  complete." 

— Socialist  papers  tn  Germany  demand  that  the 
Kaiser  abdicate. 

Oct.  22 — Chancellor  Maximilian  saya  In  Reichstag, 
"German  people  will  not  submit  to  a  peace  by 
violence,  nor  will  they  be  brought  blindly  to  the 
conference  table." 


760 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


Oct.  22 — British  croaa  the  Scheldt,  6  miles  north  ol 
Tournal.  French  and  Belgians  advance  toward 
Ghent,  cross  Lys  Oanal  at  several  points.  Allies 
drive  toward  Conde,  with  Mons  as  objective. 
British  capture  Ourca-  French  advance  between 
Serre  and  the  Oise;  reach  Assls-sur-Serre  and  the 
St.  Jacques  Farm,  northwest  of  Chalandry. 
Czecho-Slovak  torces  aid  in  the  recapture  of  vil- 
lage of  Terron. 
•—Serbians  occupy  Massif  ol  Mecka,  and  village  of 
Cicevak;'take  300  prisoners. 

— The  Turks  quit  Tabriz,  Persia. 

Oct.  23 — President  Wilson  replies  to  the  German 
note,  says  he  will  take  up  question  of  armistice 
with  his  co-belligerents;  refers  details  to  field  com- 
manders and  says:  "If  we  must  deal  with  the 
present  Imperial  Government  of  Germany  we 
cannot  trust  it  and  must  demand  surrender." 
—British  gain  on  17-mlle  front  south  of  Valen- 
ciennes; approach  Le  Quesuoy;  take  Chatillon  andj 
Orrs.  West  of  the  Meuse  United  States  forces 
take  BantheviUe,  Brieulles  and  Hills  297,  299  and 
281,  Belle  Joyeuse  and  Talma  Farms. 

»— In  Serbia  French  continue  advance  and  enter 
Negotm. 

—British  airmen  bomb  railways  at  Burbach  and 
Saarbrucken,  chemical  factories  at  Mannheim  and 
railways  at  Coblenz,  near  Mainz,  and  at  Metz- 
Sablons.  ! 

— Explosion  In  factory  at  Dessau,  Germany,  kills  70, 
wounds  50. 

— Count  Karolyi,  in  Hungarian  Unterhaus,  moves  a 
resolution  for  independence  of  Hungary  and  a 
separate  peace  and  demands  resignation  of  Wekerle 
cabinet.  | 

Oct.  24 — British  advance  on  25-mlle  front  between 
Sambre  Canal  and  the  Scheldt,  take  7,000  prison- 
ers and  more  than  100  guns;  forest  of  Ralsmes  is 
cleared;  forest  of  Mormal  reached.  Allied  Une  is 
within  15  miles  of  Maubeuge.  British  also  take 
villages  of  Neuviile,  Salesches  and  Beau-Degnes, 
Thiers  Haute  Rive  and  Thun.  On  the  Oise  front, 
French  cross  canal  east  of  Grand  Verly;  on  the 
right  reach  road  between  La  Pere-Chevresls  and 
Ferrler  Farm.  United  States  troops  take  Bois 
Belleau. 
—In  Monte  Grappa  sector  Italians  cross  Ornic 
River;  take  Monte  Solarolo,  part  of  Monte  Presso- 
lan  and  Monte  Pertica.  Italians,  aided  by  British 
and  French,  have  thus  far  taken  3,000  prisoners. 
On  Asiago  Plateau  French  take  Monte  Slsenol. 

—Gen.  Joseph  Haller  Is  named  Commander-in-Chief 
of  Polish  forces  fighting  with  the  Allies. 

Oct.  25 — Germans  push  back  British  on  the  Scheldt 
and  the  Sambre  and  the  French  on  the  Oise  and 
Serre.  British  In  2  days  take  9,000  prisoners,  150 
guns.  British  cross  railway  between  Le  Quesnoy 
and  Mainz  and  the  Ecalllon  River.  The  French 
cross  the  Serre  between  Crecy  and  Montlers. 

— Germans  in  Argonne  region  are  damming  rivers  and 
flooding  the  country  to  stop  United  States  advance. 
British  advance  214  miles.  French  take  3,155 
prisoners.  French  cross  the  Danube  into  Rou- 
manla. 

— SerWan  troops  take  heights  south  of  Kraguyevatz. 

—Count  Andrassy  succeeds  Baron  Burian  as  Aus- 
trian Premier.  Count  Albert  Apponyl  succeeds  Dr. 
Wekerle  as  Hungarian  Premier. 

—Col.  Edward  M.  House,  President  Wilson's  per- 
sonal representative,  reaches  Paris. 

—British  Admiralty  publishes  navy  figures:  Fleet 
increased  during  war  from  2,500,000  tons  to 
6,500,000  tons:  personnel  from  146,000  to  406,000. 
Soldiers  transported  21,500,000;  lost  4,391. 

Oct.  26 — British  troops  cross  Rhonelle  and  circle 
Valenciennes;  take  Famars  and  1,000  prisoners. 
The  French  press  east  from  the  Oise  and  north- 

^  east  from  the  Serre  toward  Hlrson;  take  Mont 

'    Carmel  and  Angelfontaine. 

—A  German  official  paper  at  Berlin  announces  that 
the  Emperor  has  accepted  a  request  for  retirement 
made  by  General  of  Infantry  Ludendorff,  the  First 
Quartermaster  General  and  commander  in  time 
of  peace  of  25th  Infantry  Brigade.  Despatches 
from  the  German  capital  indicate  that  the  resig- 
nation had  been  forced  by  the  pro-peace  majority 
In  the  Reichstag.  Ludendorff  was  the  soldier  who, 
on  account  of  his  reputation  as  an  expert  in  re- 
treat tactics,  was  put  on  the  western  front  to  ex- 
tricate the  Crown  Princ«'s  armies  from  the  tight- 
ening grasp  of  the  Allied  forces. 


Oct.  26 — In  last  4  days  Allies  have  taken  15,000. 

prisoners;  German  casualties  have  been  50,000. 
— Italians  continue  advance  on  mountain  and  Piave 

front;  take  2,000  Austrian  prisoners  and  advance 

in  Albania. 

— British,  under  Gen.  Allenby,  occupy  Aleppo.  In 
Mesopotamia,  Gen.  Marshall  continues  pursuit  of 
Turks  on  both  sides  of  Tigris. 

Oct.  27 — French  advance  5  miles  between  the  Oise 
.ind  the  Serre.  Reach  outskirts  of  Guise;  take 
Crecy-sur-Serre,  Baheris,  Maequigney  and  Pralx- 
Landifey,  Monceau-le-Neuf  and  Montlgny-sur- 
Serre,  Origny-Ste,  Bemoite,  Coiirjuelles  and 
Chevreis-Monceau.  On  the  Verdun  front  east  of 
the  Meuse,  United  States  troops  attack  and  take 
Bois  Belleau.  East  of  Rethel  United  States  troops 
advance  two-thirds  of  a  mile.  Germans  counter 
attack  British  at  Famars  and  are  repulsed. 

— Italians  and  British  cross  the  Piave,  take  the  Island 
of  Grave  dl  Papadopoli. 

Oct.  28 — Germans  counter  attack  the  French  on  the 
Oise  front.  French  advance  east  of  the  Peron,  in 
region  northeast  of  Bois-les-Pargny.  British  south 
of  Valenciennes  advance  between  the  Rhonelle  and 
the  Scheldt;  take  100  prisoners.  British  troops 
enter  Lys  and  are  welcomed  with  enthusiasm. 
Americans  east  of  the  Meuse  attack  Germans  in 
Consenvoye  Wood  and  Ormont  Wood  and  are  re- 
pulsed. 

— Allies  on  45-mile  front  drive  Austriang  5  miles 
from  the  Piave  toward  the  Livenga.  Congellano 
is  taken  and  15,000  prisoners, 

— Gen.  Pershing's  artillery  bombard  the  Germans 
Longuyon-Mezieres  shuttle  service. 

— Hungary  sends  note,  signed  by  Count  Andrassy, 
new  Foreign  Austro-Hungarlan  Minister,  that  it 
accepts  ail  conditions,  including  independence  of 
Czecho-Slovaks  and  Jugo-Slavs  and  Is  ready  for 
armistice. 

— M.  Poincare,  President  of  France,  receives  Col. 
Edward  M.  House. 

— British  Food  Controller  increases  retail  price  of 
.  meat  and  reduces  meat  rations  to  ?4 -pound  per 
week  per  person,  except  ham  and  bacon. 

— Kaiser  Wilhelm  writes  to  Imperial  Chancellor, 
Prince  Maximilian  of  Baden,  approving  of  transfer 
of  "fundamental  rights  of  the  Kaiser's  person"  to 
the  people. 

Oct.  29 — Fierce  fighting  continues  on  mile  wide 
strip  between  the  Scheldt  and  the  Rhonelle. 
United  States  artillery  bombard  extensions  of 
main  line  into  Conflans  and  sweep  areas  near 
Spincourt  and  nearby  towns  for  miles.  Germans 
shell  BantheviUe  and  Cunel.  Civilians  in  panic 
flee  from  Rhine  towns,  taking  their  deposlsts  from 
banks. 

— Day's  United  States  casualties:  Army,  360;  ma- 
rine corps,  69. 

— United  States  airmen  bomb  Montigny  and  Dan- 
villers;  5  United  States  planes  on  reconnaissance 
missions  are  lost. 

— Serbians  advance  12  miles;  now  within  45  miles  of 
Belgrade. 

— From  Oct.  14  to  27  Allied  armies  in  Flanders  took 
18,293  prisoners  (441  offlcers),  609  guns,  1,200 
machine  guns. 

— In  Germany  the  Federal  Council  approves  bill 
passed  by  Reichstag  Oct.  26,  providing  that  sanc- 
tion ol  Reichstag  and  Bundesrat  is  necessary  for  a 
declaration  of  war;  that  the  Chancellor  Is  respon- 
sible for  the  Kaiser's  political  actions  and  the  Min- 
ister of  War  is  responsible  to  the  Relclistag. 

— Count  Andrassy,  Austrian  Foreign  Minister,  Bends 
note  to  Secretary  of  State  Lansing,  requesting  im- 
mediate armistice  and  communicates  It  to  the 
French,  British,  Japanese  and  Italian  Govern- 
ments, begging  for  their  approval  and  support. 

Oct.  30 — Italians  advance  12  miles  beyond  the  Plavo, 
reach  the  Llvenza  on  50-mlle  front;  take  more  than 
100  towns  and  villages;  take  Segulsino  and  Monte 
Cosen.  United  States  troops  take  Aincreville  and 
advance  for  about  2  miles.  French  advance  on 
north  bank  of  the  Oise;  take  Beaufort  Farm.  Be- 
tween the  Lys  and  the  Scheldt,  near  Famars  and 
Englefontaine  Germans  repulse  attacks. 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


761 


Oct.  30 — French  advance  on  north  bank  of  Oise, 
west  of  Guise,  take  Beaufort  Farm;  advance  on 
right  of  the  Peron.  French  occupy  enemy  trenches 
south  of  Guise  and  approach  road  between  Guise 
and  Herie-la-VieviUe.  Germans  make  2  unsuc- 
cessful raids  in  Lorraine.  United  States  troops  oc- 
cupy Aincreville,  north  of  Verdun.  Belgian  official 
statement  says  prisoners  taken  Oct.  14  to  27,  in 
Flanders,  number  18,293  (331  officers),  509  guns, 
over  1,200  machine  guns.  On  Italian  front  Brit- 
ish reach  Roncadelle,  Ormelle,  Fontainelle  and 
line  of  Monticano  River  to  Ramara;  cross  the 
Monticano  about  6  miles  beyond  the  Piave.  Aus- 
tria recognizes  Czecho-SIovak  nation.  Gen.  Weber, 
Austrian,  and  deputation  apply  to  Gen.  Diaz  for 
armistice:  apphcation  forwarded  to  Supreme  War 
Council  at  Versailles.  Pas.3enger  and  merchandise 
traffic  between  Germany  and  Austria  ceases.  En- 
tire Turkish  force  on  Tigris,  about  7,000,  sur- 
render. Rioting  in  Budapest;  banks  attacked  and 
stores  looted. 

Oct.  31 — Italian  troops  reach  Ponte  Delle  Alpi, 
northeast  of  City  of  Belluno,  take  height  of  Ceseme, 
ridge  between  Valleys  of  FoUina  and  Piave;  occupy 
Pass  of  Serravalle;  in  Grappa  region  take  Col 
Caprile,  Col  Bonato,  Asolone,  Mount  Prassolan, 
salient  of  Solaro,  Mount  Spinoncia  and  Plateau  of 
Asiago.  Prisoners  taken  thus  far  over  50,000. 
Italians  have  54  divisions  and  are  assisted  by  less 
than  4  Allied  divisions. 

Nov.  1 — Gen.  Pershing's  forces  advance  to  northeast 
of  Grand  pre,  captui-e  a  dozen  or  more  fortified  vil- 
lages and  3,000  prisoners;  take  Andevanne  and 
clear  the  Bois  des  Loges.  Hungarian  Republic  pro- 
claimed in  Budapest,  where  the  national  colors, 
red,  white  and  green,  are  displayed;  mobs  release 
miUtary  and  poUtlcal  prisoners;  Emperor  Charles 
escapes  to  Godollo,  20  mUes  northeast  of  Buda- 
pest. The  red  flag  of  Socialism  is  hoisted  in 
Vienna.  National  Assembly  meets  in  Vienna  and 
accepts  a  new  Constitution  without  the  crown; 
Victor  Adler,  Socialist,  is  Foreign  Secretary;  Cav- 
alry Captain  Meyer,  War  Minister;  Dr.  Maboja, 
Social  Democrat,  Minister  of  Interior;  Dr.  Stein- 
wender,  German  Nationalist,  Minister  of  Finance. 

Nov.  2 — Above  Verdun  United  States  troops  ad- 
vance an  average  of  2H  miles  on  14-mlle  front;  in 
last  2  days  take  3,000  prisoners,  GO  heavy  cannon, 
hundreds  of  machine  guns;  capture  Fosse,  8  miles 
southwest  from  Stenay;  railway  junctions  in  re- 
gions of  Montmedy  and  Longuyon  under  fire  of 
United  States  big  guns.  Paris  reports  since  drive 
b^an  on  western  front,  Jxily  15,  AlUed  armies  have 
taken  362,355  prisoners  (7,990  officers),  6,217 
cannon,  38,622  machine  guns,  3,907  mine  throw- 
ers. During  October  Allies  captured  103,343 
prisoners  (2,472  officers),  2,064  caimon,  13,639  ma- 
chine guns,  1,198  mine  throwers.  British  casual- 
ties reported  during  October  total  158,825  officers 
and  men.  { 

.  —Italians  advance  on  125-mile  front,  reach  Taglia- 
mento  River;  in  present  offensive  have  freed  over 
1,000  square  miles  of  conquered  territory,  taken 
80,000  prisoners,  1,600  guns;  booty  taken  exceeds 
In  value  $800,000,000,  In  the  Trentino  Italians 
advance  as  far  as  Sugana  Valley,  passing  the  Aus- 
trian frontier. 

— British  take  villages  of  Preseau,  Valenciennes, 
Marly,  advance  northeast  of  Maresches;  capture 
hamlet  of  St.  Hubert  and  farms  in  that  region. 
United  States  troops  take  and  pass  beyond  St. 
Georges,  Imecourt,  Landreville,  Chennery,  Remon- 
ville,  Estanne  and  Clery-le-Grand.  : 

— ItaUan  Government  aimounces  that  officer  of  Aus- 
trian General  Staff  presented  himself  at  front  of 
Italian  lines  bearing  credentials,  asking  to  discuss 
armistice;  Gen.  Diaz  referred  question  to  Premier 
Orlando,  now  in  Paris,  who  informs  Inter-Allied 
Conference,  which  discusses  and  defines  armistice 
conditions  and  charged  Gen.  Diaz  in  name  of  Gov- 

•  ernments  of  Allies  and  of  United  States  to  com- 
municate them  to  Austrian  white  flag  bearers. 

—King  Boris  abdicates  throne  of  Bulgaria;  Peasant 
Government  established  at  Tlrnova  under  leader- 
ship of  M.  Stambullvsky  (pardoned  by  King  Fer- 
dinand Sept.  30). 

Nov.  3 — United  States  troops  advance  to  within  4 
miles  of  Stenay,  take  many  towns,  prisoners  and 
much   booty;   Gen.   Pershing's  men,   with   Gen. 


Haig's  and  French,  reach  Ghent  outskirts,  enter 
Audenarde.  United  States  bombing  air  machines 
attack  Martlncourt,  Mouzay,  Beauclalr  and  Beau- 
fort. French  and  Americans  clear  enemy  out  of 
Bourgogne  Woods  and  whole  of  Argonne  region; 
take  Chatillon-sur-Barre  and  Bola  du  Chesne, 
Toges,  Belleville,  Quatre-Champs,  Noirval  and 
Les  Alleux. 
— Italians  capture  Trent.  ItaUan  forces  land  at 
Trieste.  Italian  cavalry  enter  Udlne,  chief  Aus- 
trian base  in  Italy.  In- drive  more  than  100,000 
prisoners  taken  and  over  2,200  guns;  entire  regi- 
ments sui'render  to  Gen.  Diaz. 

— Jiigo-Slavs  seize  Austro-Hungarian  fleet,  except 
Viribus  Unitis,  recently  sunk  by  Italians,  and  send 
wireless  to  President  Wilson  offering  to  hand 
vessels  over  to  United  States  Government  or  rep- 
resentatives of  AlUed  navies. 

— Serbian  Army  occupies  Belgrade. 

Nov.  4 — British  take  Valenciennes,  advance  5  miles 
on  30-mile  front  and  are  half  way  through  Monnal 
Forest;  take  10,000  prisoners,  2(M)  guns;  on  north- 
ern flank  approach  Belgian  border.  First  British 
division  take  villages  of  Fesmy,  Hautreve  and  La 
.Groise;  32d  division  takes  Ruedenhaut  and  drives 
enemy  from  Mezieres,  La  FoUe  and  Sambreton; 
13th  division  take  Soyers,  Preux-au-Bois,  Hecq, 
Futoy  and  Lo\ivignles.  Franco-American  troops 
and  Belgians,  under  King  Albert,  are  in  outskirts 

•  of  Ghent  and  in  possession  of  Audenarde.  All 
towns  on  west  bank  of  Meuse  south  of  Halles  now 
in  American  hands.  United  States  troops  pene- 
trate village  of  Beaumont  and  occupy  Lauenville. 
opposite  Stenay;  take  Les  Grandes  Armoises,  an 
advance  of  over  3  miles.  United  States  troops  now 
7H  miles  from  Carignan,  on  Mezleres-Metz  rail- 
road, and  9  miles  from  Sedan. 

— Austria  accepts  truce  terms — immediate  ending  of 
hostlhtles  by  land,  on  sea  and  In  air;  demobiliza- 
tion of  Austro-Hungarian  Army,  Immediate  with- 
drawal from  North  Sea  to  Switzerland,  half  of 
equipment  to  be  surrendered;  evacuation  of  all 
territory  invaded  since  war  began,  military  and 
railway  equipment  and  coal  to  be  given  up;  no 
new  destruction,  pillage  or  requisitions;  right  of 
free  movement  over  territory  and  means  of  com- 
munication; evacuation  in  15  days  of  all  German 
troops,  any  remaining  to  be  interned;  local  au- 
thorities of  evacuated  territory  to  administer 
under  Allied  control;  repatriation  without  reciproc- 
ity of  all  Allied  prisoners  of  war  and  interned  sub- 
jects of  civil  populations;  naval  conditions,  defi- 
nite information  of  location  and  movements  of 
AuatTo-Hungarian  ships  to  be  given;  surrender  of 
15  submarines  and  all  German  submarines  now  In 
or  hereafter  entering  Austro-Hungarian  waters; 
other  surface  war  ships  to  be  disarmed;  34  war 
ships  to  be  surrendered;  freedom  of  the  Adriatic 
and  up  the  Danube;  Allies  and  United  States  to 
occupy  or  dismantle  fortifications;  blockade  con- 
ditions im changed,  naval  aircraft  to  be  concen- 
trated at  designated  bases;  evacuation  of  ItaUan 
coasts,  occupation  by  Allies  and  United  States  of 
land  and  sea  fortifications;  merchant  vessels  to  be 
returned;  no  destruction  of  ships  or  material;  naval 
and  marine  prisoners  to  be  returned  without 
reciprocity. 

— People  in  Vienna  reported  to  be  deUrioua  with  Joy' 
at  peace  news. 

— Armistice  with  Austria  goes  into  effect  at  3  P.  M. 
Before  that  Italy  had  300,000  prisoners,  5,000  guns. 

— President  Wilson  cables  felicitations  to  King  of 
Italy.  Secretary  Lansing  sends  message  to  Baron 
Sonnino,  Italian  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  now 
in  Versailles. 

— Allies  settle  on  and  sign  truce  terms  for  Germany. 

— Chilian  Government  seizes  all  German  interned 
trade  ships. 

— New  (Omsk)  Russian  Government  rescues  from 
"Reds"  S400,000,000  in  gold  taken  from  Petro- 
grad  to  Kazan  by  Bolsheviki. 

Nov.  5 — Marshal  Foch  has  the  Allies'  armistice  term^ 
ready  for  the  Germans. 

— Southward    from    Ghent    the    Americans    went 
further  over  the  Scheldt,  above  Audenarde,  while 
south   of   thfe   British   forces   occupied  a  wide 
.  stretch  of  the  eastern  river  bank. 


762 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


Nov.  6 — Persliing's  1st  Army  contlnueti  Its  advance 
on  both  banks  of  tbe  Meuse.  Crossings  were  made 

-  nortU  and  south  ot  Dun  and  large  forces  made  good 
their  hold  on  the  hlUs  ol  the  eastern  bank  and 
pressed  on  toward  Stenay.  from  which  they  were 
distant  6  miles,  and  Montmedy.  By  an  advance 
ol  more  than  4  miles  on  the  centre  (where  the  Met- 
ropolitan Division  from  New  York  has  been 
operating)  they  passed  beyond  Raucourt  Wood  to 
within  5  miles  of  the  point  where  the  great  trxmk 
line  to  Meta  crosses  the  river  and  within  8  miles 
of  Sedan. 

—The  Allies  began  the  siege  of  Ghent,  the  stronghold 
on  the  Scheldt  River,  with  American,  Belgian, 
British  and  French  units  participating  and  with 
the  Queen  of  the  Belgians  watching.  In  the  van  of 
the  attack,  the  smashing  of  the  city's  defenses. 
Germans  already  reported  to  have  withdrawn 
their  main  forces  from  the  city. 

— The  American  forces  later  captured  Liny-devant- 
Dun  and  MiUy-devant-Dun,  6  miles  south  of 
Stenay,  east  of  the  Meuse.  They  were  also  occu- 
pying the  hills  on  the  east  bank  of  the  river,  de- 
spite a  stiff  machine  gun  resistance  by  the  Germans. 

—Between  the  Sambre  Canal  and  the  Argonne  the 
French  advanced  more  than  6  miles  at  poinds. 
They  captured  more  than  4,000  prisoners  and  at 
least  60  cannon. 

Nov.  6 — Reports  from  the,  centre  of  the  American 
line  are  to  the  effect  that  the  town  of  Mouzon  is  on 
fire  and  that  part  of  Sedan  Is  burning.  Its  footing 
established  east  of  the  Meuse,  the  American  Army 
has  forced  its  way  along  both  banks  of  the  river. 
Within  6  miles  of  Sedan. 

— ^American  and  French  troops  continue  their  ad- 
vance. Murvaux,  north  of  the  Freya  line  and  east 
ot  Dun,  was  reached  this  afternoon,  and  opera- 
tions about  the  heights  to  the  east  of  Sedan  are 
under  way.  ,  , , 

— The  British,  further  west,  are  4  miles  within  the 
trunk  line  connecting  Northern  France  and  Lor- 
raine, threatening  to  divide  the  enemy's  forces 
Into  3  armies,  with  precarious  roads  of  retreat. 

— ^As  a  result  of  the  menace  on  the  flanks,  the  Ger- 
mans are  retreating  fast  In  the  centre,  leaving  guns 
and  supplies.  Following  fast  on  them  the  Fi-ench 
forged  ahead  from  5  to  7  miles  from  Guise  to  the 
point  of  their  Junction  with  the  American  forces 
west  of  the  Meuse. 

Nov.  7 — The  Americans  have  not  only  captured 
Sedan  In  their  advance  on  both  sides  of  the  Meuse, 
but  have  made  a  jump  toward  the  Briey  iron 
mines,  which  the  Longuyon  line  protects.  Longu- 
yon  for  several  days  has  been  under  the  fire  of 
American  guns.  With  that  part  of  Sedan  resting 
on  the  western  bank  of  the  river  occupied,  the 
American  Army  is  consolidating  its  positions  and 
preparing  for  a  further  advance.  It  was  contin- 
gents of  the  noted  Rainbow  Division  and  of  the 
1st  Division  that  made  the  final  whirlwind  dash 
Into  Sedan. 

—The  French  advanced  10  miles  at  pomts,  directly 
menacing  the  German  centre  communications. 
More  than  100  villages  were  taken. 

—British  forces  are  continuing  their  progress  along 
the  Franco-Belgian  battle  line.  Northeast  of  Va- 
lenciennes they  have  reached  the  outskirts  of  Qule- 
vraln  and  Crespin,  close  to  the  Belgian  border. 
Further  south  the  town  of  Angre  has  been  taken. 
Southeast  of  the  Mormal  Forest  the  British  have 
captured  Monceau-St.  Vaast  and  Domplerre,  3 
miles  northwest  of  the  railway  junction  of  Avesnes. 

— Advices  from  neutral  sources  Indicate  that  the  out- 
breaks at  Kiel  and  Hamburg  and  the  suburbs  of 
the  latter  city  are  assuming  serious  proportions, 
the  correspondent  of  the  Copenhagen  PoUtik  at 
Vamdrup  reporting  violent  artillery  firing  in  the 
streets  of  Hamburg. 

—A  premature  publication  in  afternoon  newspapers 
that  peace  terms  had  been  agreed  to  by  Germany 
made  New  York  City  delirious  with  joy:  whistles 
and  sirens  blew,  bells  rang,  business  was  practi- 
cally abandoned  and  the  streets  filled  up  with 
merrymakers  very  similar  to  an  old  night  before 
New  Year  celebration.  The  excitement  continued 
to  a  late  hoiu'  in  spite  of  publication  of  denials  of 
authenticity  of  report.  ,         .      , 

—Admiral  Henry  B.  Wilson,  commander  of  the 
American  naval  forces  in  French  wvters,  later  said 
he  authorized  the  giving  out  of  the  announcement 
ot  the  aUeged  signing,  believing  It  to  be  authentic. 


Nov.  7 — Twenty  thousand  deserters  from  the  German 
Army  are  marching  through  the  streets  of  Berlin. 

— A  large  part  of  the  German  Navy  and  a  great  part 
of  Schleswig  are  in  the  hands  of  the  revolutionists, 
according  to  reports  received  in  Copenhagen  from 
Kiel  and  forwarded  by  the  Exchange  Telegraph 
Company.  All  of  the  workshops  have  been  oc- 
cupied by  the  Red  troops  and  Kiel  is  governed  by 
a  Marines,  Soldiers  and  Workers'  Council.  All  the 
street  car  lines  and  railways  are  under  control  ot 
this  coimcil. 

— Virtually  all  the  German  fleet  has  revolted,  accord- 
ing to  a  despatch  received  from  The  Hague.  The 
men  are  masters  at  Kiel,  Wilhelmshaven,  Heligo- 
land, Borkum  and  Cuxhaven. 

— In  taking  over  the  battleship  Kaiser  at  Kiel  the 
officers  attempting  to  defend  the  German  flag  were 
overpowered,  and  2  of  them,  including  the  com- 
mander, were  killed  and  a  number  of  others  were 
wounded,  says  the  Cologne  Gazette.  Three  com- 
panies of  infantry  sent  to  Kiel  to  restore  order 
joined  the  revolution  and  a  fourth  company  was 
disarmed.  During  the  night,  hussars  sent  from 
Wandsbeck  were  forced  to  turn  back  by  sailors 
armed  with  machine  guns. 

Nov.  8 — Germany's  armistice  delegates  were  re- 
ceived by  Marshal  Foch  at  9  A.  M.  in  a  railroad 
car  In  which  the  Commander-in-Chief  has  hia 
headquarters.  Matthias  Erzberger,  leader  of  the 
enemy  delegation,  speaking  in  French,  announced 
that  the  German  Government  had  appointed 
them  plenipotentiaries  to  take  cognizance  of  the 
terms  and  eventually  to  sign  an  armistice.  Mar- 
shal Foch  then  read  the  terms  to  them,  dwelling 
upon  each  word.  They  made  a  few  observations, 
pointing  out  difficulties  in  the  way  of  carrying  out 
some  secondary  clauses.  Then  Erzberger  asked 
for  a  suspension  of  hostilities.  This  request  Mar- 
shal Foch  refused.  The  delegates,  having  ob- 
tained permission  to  send  a  courier  to  Spa,  German 
great  headquarters,  and  communicate  with  that 
place  by  wireless,  withdrew.  The  armistice  terms 
called  for  an  answer  within  72  hours,  expiring  at 
11  A.  M.  Monday. 

— The  French  have  reached  Mezieres,  the  railroad 
junction  on  the  left  of  the  American  front  on  the 
Meuse.  Gen.  Gouraud  holds  the  west  bank  of  the 
Meuse  from  Sedan  to  the  outskirts  of  Mezlerea. 
His  troops  advanced  from  5  to  8  miles  in  a  day. 
Scores  of  villages  were  liberated.  Artillery  anfl 
supplies  were  rushed  up  over  roads  deep  with  mud 
and  the  German  resistance  became  stlfter. 

— The  Americans  have  improved  their  positions  be- 
yond Sedan  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  consolidat- 
ing their  tremendous  gains  of  the  last  4  days. 

— The  British  not  only  have  taken  the  stronghold  of 
Avesnes  and  vital  junction  of  the  enemy's  connec- 
tions bet\7een  the  north  and  south  armies,  but 
have  pushed  their  line  to  within  2  miles  of  Mau- 
beuge,  a  total  gain  of  5  miles  on  a  ti'ont  ot  more 
than  30  miles. 

— Emperor  William  has  refused  a  demand  of  the 
Socialists  that  he  and  the  Crown  Prince  abdicate. 
Chancellor  Maximilian,  unable  to  control  the 
Socialists,  who  are  the  most  powerful  bloc  in  the 
Reichstag  majority,  has  resigned.  . 

— A  popular  uprising  in  Munich  has  resulted  in  the 
proclamation  of  a  republic  in  Bavaria. 

— The  rebels  who  raised  the  red  flag  at  Kiel  now  con- 
trol all  the  North  Sea  Coast  of  Germany  and  part 
of  the  Baltic  shore.  Prince  Henry  of  Prussia,  the 
Kaiser's  brother,  fled  under  a  red  flag  from  Kiel, 
fired  on  by  revolutionists. 

— Rebellious  movements  are  reported  in  the  great  m- 
dustrial  district  about  Essen. 

Nov  9 — "The  Kaiser  and  King  has  decided  to  re- 
nounce the  throne,"  officially  announces  the  retir- 
ing Chancellor,  Prince  MaxlmiUan  of  Baden. 
Prince  Max  acted  a  few  hours  as  Regent. 

— Revolt  of  the  soldiers,  sailors  and  workmen,  which 
began  at  Kiel,  has  spread  over  Germany  until  the 
movement  has  embraced  practically  all  north- 
eastern and  northwestern  sections  of  the  empire. 
Rebellions  have  occurred  in  Hanover,  Cologne. 
Brunswick  and  Magdeburg,  the  latter  city  80 
miles  southwest  of  Berlin. 

—The  population  of  the  Polish  Province  of  Plock 
has  risen  against  the  Germans  and  there  have  been 
conflicts  In  which  a  number  of  persons  oi  DOtU. 
sides  have  been  killed. 


War  Chronology — Continued. 


763 


Nov.  9 — At  Berlin  the  Socialists  have  taken  over  the 
Government. 

—The  commander  at  Kiel  and  Naval  Capt.  Heine 
were  shot  and  killed  while  resisting  arrest. 

' — A  general  railway  strike  has  been  started  in  Ger- 
many. Owing  to  the  run  on  the  banks  in  Berlin 
these  institutions  have  stopped  payment. 

■ — Six  German  battleships  anchored  outside  of  Flens- 
burg  in  Schleswig  have  directed  their  guns  against 
the  revolutionists.  The  battlesnlp  Kouig,  which 
refused  to  surrender,  was  captured  after  a  fight. 

—The  retired  Prussian  General,  Gustav  Ahlborn,  82 
years  old,  a  veteran  of  the  Franco-Prussian  War, 
committed  suicide  at  the  foot  of  the  Bismarck 
statue  in  Brunswick. 

•—The  Americans  advanced  everywhere  along  their 
line.  The  enemy  artillery  fire  was  from  large  cali- 
bre guns,  Indicating  positions  a  great  distance 
away.  One  American  division  reached  Mouzay  in 
its  forward  march,  despite  machine  gun  resistance 
and  a  fire  from  mine  throwers.  Five  American 
ambulances  drove  by  mistake  into  the  German 
lines  northeast  of  Lion-devant-Dun  and  were 
captured.  Comrades  organized  a  rescue  party  and 
returned  with  the  ambulances,  4  prisoners  and  3 
guns.  The  Americans  are  in  control  of  both  sides 
of  the  Meuse  and  occupied  Remoiville  Wood. 
They  crossed  the  river  at  Mouzon,  thus  making 
their  line  on  both  sides  complete  from  Villers- 
devant-Mouzon  southward. 

—The  British  battleship  Britannia  was  torpedoed 
near  the  west  entrance  to  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar 
and  sank  3  H  hours  later,  according  to  an  Admiralty 
announcement;  39  officers  and  673  men  were  saved. 
The  Britannia,  which  had  a  displacement  of  16, 3. 50 
tons,  was  launched  at  Portsmouth  Dec.  10,  1904. 
She  was  453.7  feet  in  length,  had  a  speed  of  ap- 
proximately 19  knots  an  hour  and  carried  a  peace 
time  complement  of  777  men.  Her  main  armament 
consisted  of  4  12-inch  guns. 

•—Field  Marshal  Halg  announced  the  capture  of  the 
fortress  of  Maubeuge  by  the  Guards  and  62d 
Divisions.  British  troops  have  made  prosres,s 
south  of  that  town  and  are  east  of  the  Avesnes- 
Maubeuge  road.  North  of  Tournal  the  British 
are  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  about  Herinnes 
and  Herchem.  South  of  Maubeuge  the  British  arc 
pushing  eastward  and  are  beyond  the  Avesnes- 
Maubeuge  road. 

• — French  cavalry  crossed  the  Belgian  frontier,  over- 
throwing the  enemy  rearguards,  taking  prisoners 
and  capturing  guns,  material  and  railway  trains. 
Glageon,  Formies,  Hirson,  Anor  and  St.  Michel 
were  occupied.  Oiu'  forces  continued  their  pui'- 
suit  beyond  these  localities  on  the  general  line  of 
Momlgnies,  the  northern  outskirts  of  the  St. 
Michel  Forest,  Maquenoise  and  Philippe  Forge. 
Fm-ther.  east,  after  having  forced  a  passage  on  the 
Thon  and  Aube  Rivers,  they  occupied  the  plateau 
to  the  north,  took  Signy-Ie-Petlt  and  reached  the 
Mezieres-Hirson  railway  at  the  village  of  Wagny 
and  south  of  Maubeit-Fontalne.  On  the  right 
they  reached  and  surrounded  Mezleres  and  Mohon, 
and  crossed  the  Meuse  fuither  east,  oppo.site 
Lumes. 

■—Belgian  troops  are  standing  along  the  Ghent-Ter- 
neuzen  Canal  from  the  Dutch  frontier  to  the  Ghent 
Station.  The  French  troops  in  Belgium,  advanc- 
ing beyond  the  Scheldt,  were  able  to  occupy  Wel- 
den  and  Edelaere.  East  of  Melden  the  Heights  of 
Koppenberg  were  captured. 

— Itiedrich  Ebert,  upon  assuming  office  at  Berlin  as 
Chancellor,  issued  a  proclamation  announcing  that 
the  new  Government  at  Berlin  had  taken  charge 
of  business  to  prevent  civil  war  and  famine.  In  a 
manifesto  addressed  to  the  "citizens"  of  Germany, 
tlie  Chancellor  said  he  was  going  to  form  a  people's 
Government  to  bring  about  peace  "as  quickly  as 
possible,"  and  to  confirm  the  liberty  wliich  the 
Government  has  gained. 

Nov.  10 — The  German  courier  from  the  meeting 
place  of  the  armistice  negotiations  arrived  at  Ger- 
man grand  headquarters  at  10  A.  M.  He  had 
been  delayed  by  an  explosion  of  an  ammunition 
depot,  which  he  mistook  for  firing. 

•—The  revolution  spreads  throughout  Germany, 
headed    by    Workmen's    and    Soldiers'    Councils. 

—Lieut.  Krupp  von  Bohlen  und  Halbach,  the  head 
of  the  Krupp  works,  and  his  wife  have  been  ar- 
rested. 


Nov.  10 — The  ex-Kaiser  and  suite  flee  to  Holland,  ar- 
riving at  Eysden,  on  the  frontier,  at  7.30  A.  M. 
Thence  he  went  to  the  Chateiiu  Middaehten,  owned 
by  Count  William  F.  C.  H.  von  Bentlnck,  at  de 
Steeg,  a  town  on  the  Guelders  Yssel,  an  arm  of  the 
Rhine,  12  miles  from  the  German  border. 

— Count  zu  Reventlow  flees  to  Denmark.  Among 
the  incidenta  of  the  revolution  is  the  renunciation 
by  the  Grand  Duke  of  Saxe-Weimar  and  his  family 
of  the  right  of  exemption  from  taxation. 

— Wllhelm  II.,  the  reigning  King  of  Wurttemberg, 
abdicated  on  Friday  night,  according  to  Havas 
Agency  despatches  from  Basel. 

— The  1st  and  2d  American  Armies  in  their  attacks 
extending  along  the  Moselle  and  the  Meuse  ad- 
vanced on  a  fi-ont  of  71  miles.  French  troops 
operating  under  the  American  command  also  ad- 
vanced at  various  points.  The  captured  territory 
includes  the  German  stronghold  of  Stenay,  Gri- 
maucourt,  east  of  Verdun,  and  numerous  villages 
and  fortified  positions  In  Lorraine.  The  entire 
district  in  the  region  of  Stenay  was  flooded  by  the 
Germans,  who  dammed  the  canals  and  rivers. 
The  Americans,  crossing  the  River  Meuse  from 
below,  took  Stenay  in  a  great  northward  push. 
The  Germans  shelled  the  Verdun  road  in  the  re- 
gions of  Cesse,  Beaimiont,  Mouzon  and  Balan. 
The  Mouzon  Bridge  was  broken  in  2  places.  Along 
the  Meuse  from  the  region  of  Sedan  to  Stenay  the 
enemy  machine  gunners,  clinging  to  the  hills  over- 
looking the  river,  kept  flares  burning  all  during  Sat- 
urday night, preventing  theAmericans  from  crossing. 

— The  British  have  entered  the  outskirts  of  Mopa. 
It  was  here  the  original  "contemptible.s"  made 
their  first  stand  against  von  Kluck.  South  of  the 
city  Haig's  forces  have  crossed  the  Belgian  border. 
Several  railroad  trains  were  taken  as  British  ad- 
vance guards  pressed  east  of  Maubeuge. 

— In  Vienna  and  Neustadt  the  aeroplane  hangars 
have  been  burned.  At  Salzburg  there  has  been 
shooting  in  the  streets.  From  Aussig  and  Pettau 
hunger  revolts  are  reported,  the  military  food 
stores  being  plundered.  A  Vienna  despatch  to  the 
Berlin  Vosslsche  Zeitung  says:  "The  former  Aus- 
trian Navy  has  ceased  to  exist.  The  most  valuable 
v/arsliips  are  lying  at  the  bottom  of  the  sea.  Aus- 
trian naval  ofilcers  who  arrived  this  morning  from 
Laibaoh  relate  that  the  Jugo-Slavs,  to  whom  the 
fleet  was  handed,  blew  up  all  the  biggest  ships  at 
Pola,  valued  at  614,000,000,  to  prevent  their  fall- 
ing into  the  hands  of  the  Italians." 

— The  Czecho-SlovaU  press  agency  wires  from  Lal- 
bach:  "Italian  military  forces  have  occupied 
Trieste.  The  Slovene  National  Council  has  pro- 
tested." The  Jugo-Slav  National  Council  at 
Agram  has  sent  a  deputation  to  the  Serbian  troops 
now  occupying  Mitrowitza,  asking  that  the  Ser- 
bians occupy  the  whole  of  Jugo-Slavla. 

— The  first  member  of  royalty  in  the  Austrian  en- 
tourage has  arrived  in  Switzerland  with  an  Italian 
permit.  He  is  the  Duke  of  Braganza,  former  pre- 
tender to  the  throne  of  Portugal,  who  sought  refuge 
In  Austria  and  joined  Emperor  Charles's  army.  He 
has  reached  Samadan,  near  St.  Morltz. 

— More  than  a  quarter  of  a  million  Italian  prisoners 
of  war  held  in  Austria  have  been  returned  to  Italy. 
Sick  and  wounded  men  will  be  returned  later  by 
way  of  Switzerland. 

— King  Victor  Emmanuel  of  Italy  made  a  triumphal 
entry  into  Trieste.  The  entire  population  wel- 
comed him.  The  King,  who  was  accompanied  by 
Gen.  Diaz,  other  generals  and  Lieut.  Commander 
Rlzzo,  arrived  on  the  destroyer  Audace.  The  King 
was  showered  with  flowers  as  he  made  his  way  to 
the  City  Hall. 

Nov.  11 — German  envoys  signed  the  Allied  armistice 
terms  at  Senlls,  at  5  A.  M.,  Paris  time,  which  took 
effect  at  11  A.  M.,  Paris  time  (6  A.  M.  New  York 
time).  Delay  for  evacuation  prolonged  by  24 
hours  for  the  left  bank  of  the 'Rhine  besides  the  5 
days;  therefore,  31  days  in  all.  A  supplementary 
declaration  to  the  armistice  terms  was  signed  to 
the  effect  that  in  the  event  of  the  6  German  battle 
cruisers,  10  battleships,  8  light  cruisers  and  50  de- 
stroyers not  being  handed  over  owing  to  a  mutin- 
ous state,  the  Allies  reserve  the  right  to  occupy 
Heligoland  as  an  advance  base  to  enable  them  to 
enforce  the  terms. 


764 


General  Chronology. 


WAR  CHRONOLOGY — Continued. 


Nov.  11 — The  Grand  DuUe  of  Oldenburg  has  been 
detlironed  and  the  Grand  Duke  of  Meoklenburg- 
Schwerln  has  abdicated,  according  to  despatches 
from  Hamburg-.- 

— President  Wilson  reads  the  terms  of  the  German 
armistice  to  Congress  in  joint  session  and  an- 
nounces the  end  of  the  war.  Similar  declarations 
were  made  to  the  British  Parliament,  the  French 
National  Assembly,  and  at  other  Allied  capitals. 
In  New  York  and  other  great  cities  the  event  was 
hailed  by  celebrations. 

— Dr.  Solf,  German  Foreign  Secretary,  addresses  a 
message  to  Secretary  of  State  Lansing  requesting 
that  President  Wilson  Intervene  to  mitigate  "the 
fearful  conditions"  existing  in  Germany.  He  says 
the  enforcement  of  the  conditions  of  the  armistice, 
especially  the  surrender  of  transport,  means  the 
starvation  of  millions,  and  requests  that  the  Presi- 
dent's influence  be  directed  to  overcoming  this 
danger. 

—Field  Marshal  von  Hihdeuburg  has  placed  him- 
self and  the  German  Army  at  the  disposition  of  the 
new  people's  Government  at  Berlin.  He  asked 
the  Cologne  Soldiers  and  Workers'  Council  to  send 
delegates  to  German  main  headquarters  at  once. 
Von  Hindenburg  said  he  had  taken  tliis  action 
"In  order  to  avoid  chaos." 

— King  Frledrich  August  of  Saxony  has  been  de- 
throned, according  to  an  official  telegram  from 
Berlin. 

— When  fighting  ended  the  German  front  line  oppo- 
site the  1st  American  Army,  running  south  and 
north,  was  approximately  as  follows;  From  north 
of  the  Chateau  d'Hannoncelles,  through  the  Bois 
de  Lavale,  the  Bois  de  Manheulles,  the  Bois  Mas- 
seneue,  thence  northwest,  passing  east  to  Blanzee. 
east  of  Grimaucourt,  east  and  north  of  Nobras 
Woods,  thence  through  the  Grand  Chenas,  east  of 
Bezouvaux,  through  tho  Herbebols  Woods,  east 
and  north  of  Hill  319,  north  of  Chaumont-devant- 
Damvlllers  and  Hill  324,  to  the  east  side  of  the 
Thlente  Brook  and  the  Damvillers-Metz  road, 
north  of  Remoiville  to  the  north  of  the  Forest  of 
Woevre  and  Paalon,  to  east  and  north  of  Stenay, 
and  thence  noith  and  slightly  west  to  the  end  of 
the  sector  north  of  Mouzon,  along  the  Meuse. 

—The  front  of  the  2d  Army  from  south  to  north  was: 
Nomeny  to  Eply,  through  the  Bois  Volrrotte, 
through  tl;e  Bois  Frehaut,  to  the  Moselle  River 
and  up  the  river  to  a  point  about  two-thirds  of  a 
mile  south  of  Pagny  and  thence  west  to  a  point 
one-third  of  a  mile  south  of  Preny.  Thence 
through  Remberecourt  to  the  north"  of  the  Bois 
Dommartin  and  the  Mainbois  Farm,  skirting  the 
northern  end  of  Lake  Lachaussee,  through 
the  Bois  les  Hautes  Epines,  through  the  Bois  de 
Wavrille,  St.  Hllaire,  Marclieville,  Riaville  to  one- 
third  of  a  mile  south  of  VUle-en-Woevre. 

—On  the  front  of  the  1st  and  2d  Armies,  between  the 
Meuse  and  the  Moselle,  Allied  troops  hold  the 
former  German  front  line  villages  of  Ronvaux. 
Watronville,  Blanzee,  Moranville,  Abaucourt, 
Dieppe  and  Bezonvaux. 

—Thousands  of  American  heavy  guns  fired  the  part- 
ing shot  at  the  Germans  at  exactly  11  A.  M..  At 
■  many  batteries  the  artillerists  joined  hands, 
forming  a  long  line,  as  the  lanyard  of  the  final  shot. 
There  were  a  few  seconds  of  silence  as  the  shells 
shot  through  the  heavy  mist.  Then  the  gunners 
cheered.  American  flags  were  raised  by  the  sol- 
diers over  their  dugouts  and  guns  and  at  the  va- 
rious headquarters.  Individual  groups  unfurled 
the  Stars  and  Stripes,  shook  hands  and  cheered. 


Soon  afterward  they  were  preparing  for  luncheon 
All  the  boys  were  hungry,  as  they  had  break- 
fasted early  in  anticipation  of  what  they  consid- 
ered the  greatest  day  in  American  history. 

— ^Mons  was  taken  by  the  British,  and  from  Belgium 
to  the  Meuse  the  German  line  was  near  collapse 
before  the  Allied  forces  got  orders  to  stop  punish- 
ing the  foe.  The  latest  British  report  says:  "At 
the  cessation  of  hostilities  this  morning  we  had 
reached  the  general  line  of  the  Franco-Belgian 
frontier,  east  of  Avesnes,  Jeumont,  Slvry,  4  miles 
east  of  Mons,  Chlevres,  Lesslnes  and  Gammont." 

J— The  latest  French  report  says:  "In  the  fifty-second 
month  of  a  war  without  precedent  in  history  tho 
French  Army,  with  the  aid  of  the  Allies,  haa 
achieved  the  defeat  of  the  enemy." 

— Canada's  casualties  in  the  war  up  to  11  days  be- 
fore the  capture  of  Mons,  on  the  fiiml  morning  of 
the  conflict,  totalled  211,358  men,  it  was  announced 
here  to-day.  These  are  classified  as  follows; 
Killed  in  action,  34,877;  died  of  wounds  or  disease, 
15,457:  wounded,  162.779;  presumed  dead,  miss- 
ing in  action  and  known  prisoners  of  war,  8,245. 

Nov.  12 — The  abdication  of  Emperor  Charles  of 
Austria  is  otncially  announced  at  Vienna. 

— Latest  advices  from  Germany  show  that  while 
desultory  fighting  is  occurring  in  Berlin,  and  that 
naval  mutineers  are  refusing  to  yield  to  any  au- 
thority, the  SociaUst  Government  is  proceeding 
toward  full  control.  All  factions  of  the  Socialists 
are  apparently  working  In  unison,  and  the  ultra- 
radical, or  so-called  BolshevKst  element,  has 
gained  great  recognition.  TTie  agreement  which 
has  been  reached  between  the  Socialist  and  Inde- 
pendent SociaUst  Parties  and  the  new  regime  seems 
to  have  secured  support  from  the  press.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  Wolff  Bureau,  the  Socialists  are  now 
represented  by  3  newspapers,  the  Vorwaerts,  the* 
Lokal-Anzeiger,  formerly  the  Emperor's  favorite 
newspaper  and  now  rechrlstened  the  Red  Flag, 
and  the  former  semi-official  organ,  the  North  Ger- 
man Gazette,  which  has  taken  the  new  title  of  the 
International.  The  revolutionary  movement  is 
continually  spreading.  Koenigsberg,  Frankfort- 
on-Main  and  Strassburg  are  now  controlled  by  the 
Soviets. 

— The  Belgian  Legation,  in  an  official  statement  to- 
day, announced  that  Belgium  will  no  longer  sub- 
mit to  a  status  of  "guaranteed  neutrality"  like  that 
which  existed  before  the  war.  It  aspires  to  "com- 
plete Independence;  to  the  rights  common  to  all 
free  peonies." 

— Chairman  Baruch  of  the  United  States  War  In- 
dustries Board  began  to  lift  the  restrictions  on 
building  material  so  that  the  country  can  return 
to  a  peace  basis  gradually.  He  announced  the 
reversal  of  priority  orders  respecting  commodities 
that  had  been  curtailed  lor  the  war.  The  action 
of  the  War  Industries  Board  is  a  first  step,  to  be 
followed  as  quickly  as  it  is  deemed  advisable  by 
others. 

— Secretary  McAdoo  announced  a  75  per  cent,  re- 
duction in  Government  war  risk  insurance  rates 
on  hulls,  cargoes  and  seamen's  insurance.  This 
made  the  rate  on  ships  and  cai-gocs  through  the 
war  zone  H  of  1  per  cent..  Instead  of  2  per  cent., 
with  other  rates  cut  accordingly.  Treasury  officials 
explained  that,  although  the  submarine  has  been 
abandoned,  risk  still  exists  on  account  of  floating 
mines  and  the  possibility  that  some  submarines 
may  run  amuck. 
Here  ends  the  war  chronology.     For  all  later 

events   consult    the   General    Chronology   that 

follows. 


GENERAL    CHRONOLOGY 


1917. 

Deo.  14 — ^The  Federal  Fuel  Administrator  orders 
electric  advertising  signs  darkened  Sunday  and 
Thursday  of  each  week. 

Dec.  15 — Col.  E.  M.  House,  with  others  of  American 
mls.sion  to  France,  return  to  New  York. 

— Charles  H.  Smith  of  St.  Louis,  member  of  staff  of 
John  F.  Stevens,  head  of  American  Railway  Mis- 
sion to  Russia,  arrested  at  Tohita,  Siberia. 


Dec.  17 — In  Canadian  elections  Unionist  Govern- 
ment of  Sir  Robert  Borden  returned;  conscription 
law  confirmed. 

— J.  P.  Morgan  gives  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  Art,  New  York  City,  all  his  works  on  loan  there, 
except  bronze  figure  of  Eros. 

Dec.  18 — Andrew  J.  Peters  elected  Mayor  of  Boston, 
on  Non-Partlsan  ticket. 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


765 


Pee.  19 — Grand  Jury  indicts  Mayor  Smith  of  Pliil- 
adelphia  for  alleged  contempt  of  coiu't  and  con- 
spiracy to  violate  the  election  laws. 

Dec.  20 — Australia  defeats  conscription  in  referen- 
dum vote,  889,000  for,  1,072,000  against. 

Cec.  21 — Prof.  Peabody  of  Harvard  University  re- 
turns to  Kaiser  Wilhelm  his  decoration  of  the 
Order  of  the  Prussian  Crown. 

Eec.  22 —  WilUam  J.  Flynn,  Chief  of  United  States 
Secret  Service,  resigns. 

Dec.  23 — E.  A.  Strause,  age  4G,  President  of  State 
Trust  and  Savings  Bani,  Peoria,  111.,  shoots  and 
kills  Berne  M.  Mead,  age  37,  cashier,  in  a  duel. 

Dec.  24 — The  Pope  sends  Christmas  message  to 
people  of  America. 

' — French  Chamber  of  Deputies  adopts  resolution 
extending  terms  of  all  elected  officials  In  France 
until  end  of  war. 

— Pvoport  of  Halifax  disaster  of  Dec.  6  states:  Killed, 
160;  seriously  Injured,  4,000;  homeless,  20,000; 
diimage  to  homes,  .815,000,000;  to  civic.  Govern- 
ment, institutional  and  Industrial  property, 
825,000,000. 

Dec.  25 — Arizona  State  Court  seats  George  W.  P. 
Hunt  (Dem.)  Governor,  unseating  Thomas  E. 
Campbell  (Rep.). 

Dec.  28 — United  States  Senator  Robert  M.  La  Toi- 
lette expelled  from  Madison  Club  at  Madison,  Wis. 

— The  President  takes  control  of  the  railroads; 
designates  William  G.  McAdoo  Director  General. 

Dec.  29 — Six  Mexican  bandits  killed  by  United 
States  troops  and  Texas  Rangers  at  San  Jose,  Mex. 

Dec.  20-29 — Earthquakes  destroy  Guatemala  City; 
many  killed;  125,000  made  homeless. 

Dec.  30 — Coldest  day  In  New  York  City  in  33  years, 
13  degrees  below  zero. 

— Murder  of  former  Premier  of  Russia,  Goremykin, 
reported  from  Petrograd. 

Dec.  31 — Acting  Quartermaster  General  Goetloals 
requisitions  Bash  Terminal  Piers  and  Warehouses 
in  South  Brooklyn. 

— New  Yoi'k  State  Fuel  Administrator  orders  six 
lightless  nights  per  week;  lighting  permitted  on 
Saturday  nights  only. 

1918. 

Jan.  1 — Prince  Albert  of  Monaco  promulgates  decree 
restoring  the  Constitution  of  the  Principality,  and 
extending  and  enlarging  it. 

— Fire  destroys  2  blocks  in  business  section  of  Nor- 
folk, Va.;  loss  82,000,000. 

Jan.  2 — Seventy  public  schools  in  Greater  New  York 
close  for  lack  of  coal. 

— Summary  of  Col.  House's  confidential  report  on 
mission  to  Great  Britain  and  France  made  public; 
recommends  allied  unity  of  action,  extension  of 
shipping  programme  and  quick  despatch  of  fight- 
ing forces. 

Jan.  3 — Provost  Marshal  General  reports  9,586,363 
men  registered,  3,057,949  examined,  1,057,363 
certified  for  service,  887,000  called  to  colors. 

— Federal  Fuel  Administrator  orders  170  silk  fac- 
tories in  Paterson,  N.  J.,  closed. 

Jan.  3-4 — Guatemala  City  is  again  shaken  by  earth- 
quake shocks. 

Jan.  6 — Billy  Sunday  begins  8-week  revival  In  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

— Director  General  McAdoo  issues  order  by  which 
on  and  after  Jan.  31  demurrage  rates  on  cars  held 
by  shippers  and  consignees  will  be  doubled. 

— The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  curtails  passenger  ser- 
vice by  cutting  out  130  trains. 

Jan.  7 — United  States  Supreme  Court  upholds  the 
constitutionality  of  the  Selective  Service  Act. 

— Director  General  McAdoo  sets  aside  week  begin- 
ning Jan.  14  as  "freight  moving  week." 

■ — Secretary  of  War  Baker  appoints  Major  Gen. 
George  W.  Goethals  Acting  Quartermaster  Gen- 
eral and  Director  of  War  Department  Transpor- 
tation and  Storage. 

— John  D.  Rockefeller  gives  55,500,000  to  the  Rocke- 
feller Foundation  to  make  up  for  funds  expended 
in  war  activities. 

Jan.  8 — Seventy-two  public  schools  In  Greater  New 
York  remain  closed  on  account  of  having  no  coal. 

Jan.  9 — James  J."  Storrow,  New  England  Fuel  Ad- 
ministrator, by  order,  limits  business  hours  (9  A. 
M.  to  5  P.  M.),  close  theatres,  bars  and  all  places 
of  amusement  at  10  P.  M.,  and  orders  all  nights, 
but  Saturday,  to  be  "lightless.", 


Jan.  9 — New  York  Central  Railroad  cuts  out  112 
trains  cast  and  west  of  Buffalo. 

Jan.  10 — New  York  Food  Commission's  labelling 
regulations  go  into  effect. 

— John  PuTi'oy  Mitchel,  ex-Mayor  of  New  York 
City,  commissioned  a  Major  in  Aviation  Section. 
Signal  Officers'  Reserve  Corps. 

Jan.  11 — American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Letters 
elects  Brand  'Wliitlock  and  Hamlin  Garland  to 
seats  among  its  fifty  "immortals." 

Jan.  12 — Chairman  Hurley  of  the  Shipping  Board 
takes  over  30  vessels  in  sei'vice  on  Great  Lakes  for 
the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation. 

— Traffic  in  the  Western  and  Central  Stalos  par- 
alyzed by  a  blizzard;  the  thermometer  n  .c?hes  37 
degrees  below  zero  at  O'Neill,  Neb.,  Chic.igo,  St. 
Louis  and  Detroit  register  from  14  to  10  degrees 
below  zero. 

Jan.  13 — The  South  suffers  from  the  worst  blizzard 
in  its  history;  Memphis,  8  degrees  below  zeio;  New 
Orleans,  11  degrees  above  zero. 

Jan.  14 — Blizzard  kills  18  in  Chicago,  111. 

— New  York  State  Fuel  Administrator  WIggin  issues 
'  preferential  coal  distribution  list  to  take  ia  hos- 
pitals, households   and   public   utilities  a::d   food 
producers  in  the  order  named. 

— The  Executive  Committee  of  the  Democratic  Na- 
tional Committee  adopts  a  resolution  providing 
for  an  advisory  board  of  1  woman  from  each  State. 

Jan.  IS — Secretary  of  Labor  Wilson  creates  a  Na- 
tional War  Labor  Board,  with  John  Lind,  ex- 
Governor  of  Minnesota,  Chairman:  women  are 
represented  by  Agnes  Nestor,  President  of  Chicago 
Women's  Trade  Union  League. 

Jan.  16 — Secretary  Lansing  makes  public  tlio  secret 
code  correspondence  between  Count  von  Bern- 
storH  and  Berlin  Foreign  Office. 

— Federal  Fuel  Administrator  Garfield  orders  the 
closing  down  of  manufacturing  plants  in  Territory 
east  of  Mississippi,  including  Minnesota  and 
Louisiana,  from  Jan.  18  to  22  inclusive,  ai^!  for  9 
subsequent  Mondays. 

Jan.  17 — Gov.  Whitman  of  New  Yoi'k  protests  to 
the  President  against  Fuel  Administrator's  cloa- 
ing  order,  and  declines  to  order  banks  to  close. 

Jan.  18 — Director  of  Railroads  McAdoo  apijoints  a 
Railroad  Wage  Commission. 

— The  President  issues  a  statement  upholding  the 
Fuel  Administrator's  closing  order. 

Jan.  19 — The  President  modifies  the  closing  order  by 
permitting  theatres  to  open  Mondays,  closing 
Tuesdays  Instead. 

Jan.  20 — Federal  Fuel  Administrator  Garfield  modi- 
fies the  closing  order  by  permitting  food  stores  to 
remain  open. 

— The  President  replies  to  Senator  Chamberlain  and 
declares  his  statements  are  distortions,  and  de- 
fends War  Secretary  Baker's  efliciency. 

Jan.  21 — United  States  Government  takes  over  all 
Dutch  ships  In  American  ports. 

— Heavy  guards,  including  additional  soldiers,  with 
fixed  bayonets,  and  extra  policemen  are  placed 
along  the  New  York  City  water  front,  around  aU 
Government  property  and  in  railroad  freight  yards. 

— Five  hundred  Bridgeport  home  guards  are  posted 
at  bridges  and  viaducts  between  that  city  and 
Stamford,  Ct. 

Jan.  26 — Federal  Food  Administrator  Hoover  decrees 
wheatless  Mondays  and  Wednesdays,  meatless 
Tuesdays,  porkless  Thursdays  and  Satui'doys,  and 
urges  use  of  Victory  bread. 

— Gov.  Edge  of  New  Jersey  sends  militia  to  guard 
ship  plants  at  Newark. 

— New  York  County  Fuel  Administrator  Schley 
orders  bars  In  cafes,  hotels,  clubs  and  liquor  sell- 
ing restaurants  closed  and  directs  hotels  and  res- 
taurants not  to  sell  liquor  with  meals. 

Jan.  28— New  York  Coimty  Fuel  Administrator 
Schley  permits  delicatessen  shops,  butcher  stores 
and  retail  groceries  to  remain  open  until  G  P.  M, 
on  Garfield  Monday  holidays. 

— The  Shipping  Boai'd  names  H.  H,  Raymond,  Pres- 
ident of  the  Clyde  and  Mallory  Steamship  Lines, 
ship  controller  of  the  Port  of  New  York. 

— Police  Commissioner  Enright  of  New  York  City 
appoints  Mrs.  Ellen  A,  O'Grady  of  Brooklyn  as 
Deputy  Police  Commissioner. 

Jan.  29 — Gov.  Edge  of  New  Jersey  signs  Local  Option 
bills. 


766 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


Jan.  30 — Secretary  Lansing  announces  draft  agree- 
ment with  Great  Britain  and  Canada;  citizens  oi 
each  country  being  given  the  opportunity  to  re- 
turn to  their  own  country  for  military  service 
within  a  flxed  period,  otherwise  to  be  subject  to 
the  conscription  laws  of  the  country  of  residence. 

Jan.  31— License  system  Is  extended  by  the  B-esi- 
dent  to  hotels,  restaurants  and  clubs  to  bake  their 
own  bread  and  to  importers  and  distributers  of 
gi-ecn  coffee;  the  regulations  to  go  into  effect 
Feb   4 

—The'  Police  Sute  Census  taken  under  the  Dog 
Licensing  Bill  shows  282,243  dogs  in  New  York 
State. 

Feb.  1 — Federal  food  regulations  are  applied  to 
American  vessels  in  transit.  Federal  Fuel  Ad- 
ministrator exempts  magazines  and  other  periodi- 
cals from  closing  order. 

Feb.  4 — The  Federal  registration  of  alien  Germans 
begins. 

— Third  "heatless  Monday." 

Feb.  5 — Thermometer  at  7  degrees  below  zero  in 
New  York  City. 

— Federal  Judge  H.  B,  Howe  sentences  Franz  von 
Rintelen  and  10  other  German  plotters  to  18 
months  In  Atlanta  Penitentiary  at  hard  labor  and 
a  fine  of  $2,000  each. 

— Federal  Food  Administrator  Hoover  puts  hotels, 
restaurants  and  dining  cars  on  2-ounce  bread 
ration.  He  bars  speculation  in  coffee  futures  and 
permits  apiarists  to  buy  sugar. 

Feb.  6 — Federal  registering  and  finger  printing  of 
male  German  residents,  aged  14  and  upward, 
begins. 

Feb.  9 — Bridgeport  factories  shut  down  for  3  days 
for  lack  of  coal. 

Feb.  11 — The  Federal  Food  Administrator  forbids 
the  killing  of  hens  from  date  to  May  1. 

Feb.  12 — The  first  holiday  in  theatrical  annals  when 
all  theatres  on  Broadway,  New  York  City,  were 
closed. 

— Gen.  Pershing  appoints  Major  Uhinelander  Waldo, 
former  New  York  Police  Commissioner,  Assistant 
Pi'ovoSt  Marshal  in  France. 

—The  Public  Service  Electric  Company  shuts  oif 
power  because  of  lack  of  coal,  causing  the  closing 
of  many  New  Jersey  industries. 

Feb.  13 — Fuel  Administrator  Garfield  revokes  heat- 
less  Mondays  order. 

—William  H.  Hays  of  Indiana'elected  Chairman  of 
the  National  Republican  Committee. 

—An  earthquake  at  Swatow,  China;  kills  200., 

— An  additional  credit  loan  is  made  to  Italy  of 
550,000,009,  making  the  total  of  American  loans 
to  Italy  $550,000,000,  and  the  total  to  the  Allied 
nations  $4,734,000,000. 

Feb.  14 — Paul  Hennig,  on  trial  for  treason,  is 
acquitted. 

Feb.  15 — The  President  orders  that  no  commodities 
be  exported  or  imported  except  tmder  special 
license  by  the  War  Trade  Board. 

Feb.  16 — Gov.  Edge  of  New  Jersey  signs  the  bUl  re- 
quiring able-bodied  males,  18  to  50,  to  be  regularly 
employed  in  some  useful  occupation  (known  as 
"Antl-Loaflng"  Bill). 

Feb.  17 — New  York  World  investigator  finds  that 
the  coal  shortage  is  a  problem  of  transportation, 
not  of  mining. 

— The  President  in  a  telegram  to  William  L.  Hutche- 
son.  General  President  of  the  United  Brotherhood 
of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  asks  "Will 
you  co-operate  or  will  you  obstruct?"  On  receipt, 
Mr.  Hutcheson  orders  the  men  to  return  to  work. 

Feb.  18 — Viscount  Ishil,  recently  head  of  a  special 
Japanese  mission  to  the  United   States,  is  ap- 

S Dinted  Ambassador. 
.  19 — Reciprocal  army  draft  treaties  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  and  Canada  signed 
by  Secretary  Lansing  and  Earl  Reading. 

—Mexico's  President  issues  a  decree  establishing  a 
tax  on  oil  lands,  which  seriously  affects  foreign  in- 
terests in  Mexico. 

Feb.  22 — It  is  announced  that  at  Gen.  Pershing's 
request  the  entire  army  canteen  work  in  France 
has  been  taken  over  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Herbert 
L.  Pratt,  Vice  President  of  Standard  Oil  Company, 
is  named  as  head  of  men  who  will  organize  the 
service;  Alexander  N.  McFadyen  is  named  Direc- 
tor General  of  Canteens. 


Feb.  22 — A  Serbian  Prince,  Doushan  de  Cemutzky 
Lazarovich  Hrebellanovich,  graduates  from  the 
College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

— In  New  York  City  the  Tammany  Hall  Executive 
Committee  adopts  the  report  of  a  Special  Com- 
mittee, recommending  a  woman  executive  member 
from  each  district,  to  have  equal  voting  power 
with  the  men  leaders,  and  the  organization  of 
district  and  county  committees  on  the  same  basis. 

Feb.  23— The  President  fixes  a  price  of  S2.20  per 
bushel  for  the  coming  season's  wheat. 

Feb.  24 — The  steamer  Florizel  wrecked  near  Cape 
Race;  92  persons  are  drowned  and  44  saved. 

Feb.  25— The  Wisconsin  State  Senate  condemns 
Senator  La  Follette's  war  attitude  by  a  vote  d 
26  to  3. 

— Alien  Property  Custodian  A.  Mitchell  Palmer  takes 
over  the  property  of  Gottfried  Krueger,  a  Newark, 
N.  J.,  brewer. 

Feb.  26 — A  hurricane  sweeps  New  York  City,  the 
wind  attaining  a  velocity  of  81  miles  an  hour; 
fences  and  trees  are  blown  down,  plate  glass  win- 
dows crashed  in  and  many  people  injured. 

—Postmaster  General  Burleson  increases  the  allow- 
able weights  of  parcel  post  packages  when  mailed 
In  first  for  delivery  In  first,  second  or  third  zones  to 
70  pounds.  The  weight  limit  for  other  zones  was 
Increased  from  20  to  50;  to  take  effect  March  15. 

— Secretary  McAdoo  names  Capt.  Godfrey  L.  Car- 
den  Captain  of  the  Port  of  New  York. 

— The  United  States  tug  Cherokee  founders  off  Cape 
Henlopen.  The  steamship  British  Admiral  picks 
up  12  survivors.  There  are  no  available  records 
of  the  lost.  The  lieutenant  in  command  and  29 
men  are  lost. 

Feb.  28 — The  Spanish  Cabinet  resigns. 

— Canadian  soldiers  in  Toronto  audience  refuse  to 
listen  to  William  Jennings  Bryan  talk  on  prohibi- 
tion. 

— American  and  Japanese  Ambassadors,  the  Chinese 
and  Siamese  Ministers,  the  Brazilian  Charge 
d' Affaires  and  American  Red  Cross  representatives 
arrive  at  Vologda  from  Petrograd  (350  miles). 

March  1 — Motion  denied  for  new  trial  for  Thomas 
J.  Mooney,  convicted  of  murder  on  account  of 
bomb  explosion  In  San  Francisco. 

— Major  Gen.  Peyton  C.  March,  United  States  Army 
Chief  of  Staff,  returns  from  Europe. 

— War  Trade  Board  declares  embargo  on  com  Im- 

M arch  2 — Bud  Fisher,  cartoonist,  creator  of  Mutt 
and  Jeff,  commissioned  Captain  in  British  Army. 

— Porto  Rico  goes  dry. 

March  3— Federal  Food  Administrator  reduces  meat- 
less days  to  a  beefless  and  porkless  Tuesday. 

— The  Archbishop  of  York  preaches  In  Cathedral 
of  St.  John  the  Divine,  New  York  City. 

— Rodriguez  Alvez  and  Delfin  Moreha  of  the  War 
Party  elected  President  and  Vice  President  of 
Brazil.  .         „      ,    , 

— Judge  Robert  S.  Lovett  retires  from  War  Indus- 
tries Board,  resigns  Chairmanship  of  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  and  Is  appointed  Director  of  Division  of 
Betterments  and  Additions  of  the  Railroads. 

— Federal  oflflcers  discover  (disconnected)  powerful 
wireless  outfit  in  tower  of  Trinity  Building,  New 
York  City. 

March  4 — ^The  President  appoints  Bernard  M. 
Baruch  Chairman  of  War  Industries  Board. 

— Washington  announces  plans  for  building  a  S25,- 
000,000  ordnance  base  in  France. 

— New  York  State  Senate  Committee  on  Taxation 
and  Retrenchment  submits  a  State  prohibition 
amendment  to  the  State  Constitution. 

— Theodore  Roosevelt  leaves  hospital. 

— The  President  fixes  price  of  aluminum  at  a  maxi- 
mum of  32  cents  per  pound. 

March  5 — The  President,  after  Cabinet  meeting,  an- 
nounces opposition  to  Japanese  armies  entering 
Russia.  „ 

— Sein  Fein  volunteers  take  Klltamagh,  County 
Mayo,  Ireland. 

March  6 — Mayor  of  East  Orange,  N.  J.,  will  not 
permit  Fritz  Kreisler,  violinist,  formerly  a  lieu- 
tenant in  Austrian  Army,  to  play  at  a  concert  in 
that  city.  .     „  ,  ^, 

— Wisconsin  Assembly  concurs  in  Senate  resolution 
condemning  United  States  Senator  Robert  M.  La , 
Follette. 


General  Chronology— Continued. 


767 


March  8 — Leon  Trotzky  resigns  as  Russian  Foreign 
Minister. 

— Washington  announces  signing  of  commercial 
agreement  between  United  States  and  Spain  by 
which  United  States  gets  mules  and  blanltets  and 
Spain  cotton  and  petroleum. 

March  9 — Union  labor  mass  meetipg,  Union  Square, 
New  York  City,  addressed  by  W.  Bourke  Cock- 
ran,  protests  against  death  penalty  for  Thomas  J. 
Mooney,  San  Francisco  labor  agitator. 

•^Indiana  State  Prohibition  Law  declared  uncon- 
stitutional by  Judge  Hostetter  of  Superior  Court, 
Evansville,  Ind. 

— Daylight  saving  schedule  begins  in  France. 

—Tornado  sweeps  over  Vanwerp  County,  Ohio. 

— United  States  Shipping  Board  announces  17 
vessels  of  120,000  tons  completed  and  put  into 
service  in  February;  16  ships  of  112,000  tons 
launched  in  January;  15  of  77,900  tons  in  February. 

—Moving  picture  theatre  at  Winchester,  Ky.,  col- 
lapses; killing  40. 

— Russian  wireless  despatch  to  London  announces 
the  conclusion  of  peace  treaty  between  Germany 
and  Roumania. 

March  10— Secretary  of  War  Baker  arrives  in  Fi'ancc. 

■ — Eighty-two-mile  gale  in  New  York  City  knocks 
down  pedestrians,  blows  out  show  windows,  wrecks 
chimneys  and  rips  away  signs:  1  man  killed,  many 
injured. 

— Hospital  ship  Guilford  Castle  attacked  by  Geiman 
submarine  In  Bristol  Channel. 

— Zionist  Commission  (English)  arrives  at  Jerusalem. 

March  11 — The  President  sends  message  to  the 
Moscow  Soviets  Congress. 

— Texas  Legislature  passes  and  Governor  signs  a  bill 
to  punish  any  form  of  disloyalty  by  imprisonment, 
2  to  25  years. 

— Secretary  of  War  Baker  and  staff  arrive  at  Paris. 

March  12 — Maryland  State-wide  Prohibition  Bill  is 
beaten  in  the  House. 

— Texas  Legislatiwe  passes  blU  making  di'y  zones  of 
all  territory  within  10  miles  of  army  camps,  from 
AprU  15. 

March  14 — Texas  Senate  passes  State-wide  Prohibi- 
tion Bill. 

— Cincinnati,  O.,  drops  pretzels  from  fi'ee  lunch 
counter. 

— All  Russian  Congress  of  Workmen's  and  Soldiers' 
Councils  meet  at  Moscow  and  ratifies  peace  treaty 
with  Germany. 

March  15 — Secretary  Daniels  established  dry  zones 
within  5  miles  of  training  stations;  Newport,  R.  I., 
goes  bone  dry. 

— Woman  Suffrage  defeated  in  Mississippi  Senate. 

— Interstate  Commerce  Commission  grants  general 
Increase  of  15%  in  commodity  rates  to  railroads 
east  of  the  Mississippi  and  north  of  the  Ohio  and 
Potomac. 

March  16 — Coal  dealers  are  put  under  license  sys- 
tem by  the  President  on  recommendation  of  Fuel 
Administrator  Garfield. 

— Brooklyn  Academy  of  Music  notifies  Boston  Sym- 
phony Orchestra  that  next  year's  concerts  must  be 
xmder  some  other  leadership  than  that  of  Dr.  Muck. 

— A  large  block  of  stone  fell  from  steeple  of  St.  Pat- 
rick's Cathedral,  New  York;  no  one  hint. 

March  14-15-16 — Meetings  of  Supreme  Wai'  Council, 
under  Presidency  of  Lloyd  George,  are  held  in 
Downing  Street,  London,  and  are  attended  by  the 
Premiers  of  P^-ance  and  Italy  and  other  Ministers, 
with  their  military  and  expert  advisers. 

March  17 — New  York  Catholic  War  Fund  Campaign 
for  Knights  of  Columbus  Camp  and  Overseas  Ser- 
vice startg^  at  Hippodrome. 

March  18-^Mme.  Despina  Davidovich  Storch,  Mme. 
Elizabeth  Charlotte  Nix,  wife  of  a  Gennan  army 
officer.  Baron  Henry  de  Bevllle  and  Count  Robert 
de  Clairmont  arrested  In  New  York  as  German 
spies  and  ordered  deported. 

— A  bill  to  annul  the  charter  of  German-American 
Alliance  Is  Introduced  in  New  York  Legislature  by 
Senator  Douglas  Robinson  and  Assemblyman 
Schuyler  Meyer. 

— Lenroot  wins  Republican  nomination  in  the  Wis- 
consin primaries. 

March  19 — Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  launches 
the  Coyote  at  Kearny,  N.  J. 

March  21 — Gens.  Leonard  Wood  and  J.  Franklin 
Bell  return  from  France. 


March  22 — New  Spanish  Cabinet  la  formetl  with 
Antonio  Maura,  former  Pranier,  at  Its  head. 

— Gov.  Whitman,  New  Ycck.  signs  bill  appropriat- 
ing $3,787,383  for  State  roads. 

— South  Dakota  passes  law  to  conscript  labor  for 
farms. 

— Director  General  ot  Railroads  creates  Railroad 
Board  of  Adjustment,  to  consider  wages,  hours,  etc. 

March  23 — Mrs.  Rose  Pastor  Stokes  of  New  York  ar- 
rested at  Willow  Springs,  Mo.,  charged  with  vio- 
lating Espionage  Act. 

March  25 — Dr.  Carl  Muck,  conductor  of  Boston 
Symphony  Orchestra,  assaulted  in  Boston  and 
then  held  as  enemy  alien. 

— New  York  Catholic  War  Fund  exceeds  its  goal  of 
S2,500,000  by  more  than  $600,000;  RockefeUer 
Foundation  contributes  $100,000;  Payne  Whit- 
ney S25,000. 

— Shipping  Board  transfers  50,000  tons  of  American 
shipping  to  Swiss  Government  for  food  supplies. 

March  26 — Japanese  Premier  Terauchl  and  Foreign 
Minister  Motono  announce  that  no  armed  inter- 
vention will  be  made  in  Siberia  for  the  present. 

March  27 — Director  General  of  Railroads  agrees  to 
advance  343,964,000  to  the  New  Haven  Kaliroad 
to  meet  maturing  notes. 

— New  York  Legislature  passes  Daylight  Saving  Bill. 

March  28 — Government  announces  a  deficit  on  East- 
em  railroad  lines  of  S2,227,0OO,  as  against  earnings 
of  $67,000,000  a  year  ago. 

— United  States  Steel  Corporation  announces  raise 
in  wages  of  15%,  from  April  15. 

— United  States  arranges  with  Japan  for  pui'chase  of 
steamships  in  return  for  steel. 

March  29 — Federal  Food  Administrator  suspends 
meatless  day  order  for  30  days. 

— In  Quebec,  Canada,  militia  is  called  out  to  quell 
draft  riots. 

— I'resideiit  Wilson  tetesraphs  California  Governor 
appeal  Tor  clemency  lor  labor  leader  Thomas  J, 
Mooney. 

— The  police  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  fire  on  surface 
raUroad  strikers;  several  persons  Injured. 

March  30 — Daylight  saving  goes  into  eflect  thi-ough- 
out  United  States. 

April  1 — Standard  Oil  Company  announces  general 
wage  increase  of  10%,  except  watchmen  and 
bricklayers,  5% :  employees'  lives  are  insured  at 
company's  expense. 

April  2 — Socialists  low  in  Chicago  elections. 

— In  Indiana  State-v/ide  prohibition  law  goes  Into 
effect 

— United  States  loans  to  Allies  in  first  year  of  war 
total  §5,160,600,000. 

— Controller  McAdoo  orders  no  more  railroad  adver- 
tising. , ,    , 

— United  States  State  Department  warns  Mexico 
that  proposed  confiscation  of  oil  Interests  by  ex- 
cessive taxation  may  form  basis  for  "Interposi- 
tion." .    , 

April  3 — Aerial  Investigation  Board  reports  airplane 
programme  3  to  4  months  behind,  due  to  many 
changes  in  specifications. 

— Washington  announces  approximate  cost  of  war 
for  one  year  89,000,000,000,  hall  of  which  has 
gone  to  Allies  in  loans. 

— Zero  temperature  reported  at  several  places  In 
Montana.  ^,_  ^  ^ 

— New  York  Assembly  parses  bin  appropriating 
S3,000,000  to  pay  National  Guard  who  served  on 
Mexican  border  in  1916. 

— Dr.  Cart  Muck,  former  leader  of  Boston  Sym- 
phony Orchestra,  ordered  interned  as  enemy  alien. 

— All  woolen  mills  ordered  into  Government  service. 

— New  York  Governor  signs  annual  appropriation 
biU,  aggregating  nearly  553.000,000.  ^.     . 

April  5 — Washington  repOTts  Norway  shipping 
losses  to  date,  745  vessels,  tonnage  1,108,815, 
value  8330,000,000,  986  seamen  lost  lives,  53 
vessels  missing,  having  on  board  about  700  men. 

— Canadian  Government  at  Ottawa  announces  an 
Order  in  Council  that  every  male  16  to  60,  must  be 
regularly  employed  in  some  useful  occupation. 

April  6 — Third  Liberty  Loan  campaign  begins. 

— The  President,  in  speech  at  Baltimore,  condemns 
German  peace  treaties  forced  on  Russia  and 
Roumania,  and  says  America  will  meet  German 
challenge  with  "forcei  to  the  utmost." 

— The  President  names  Edward  R.  Stettlnlus  and 
Frederic  P.  Keppel  Assistant  Secretaries  of  Treas- 
ury. .     . 


'76S 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


April   9 — United    States    Steei    Corporation    takes 

\  835,000,000    of  Third    tdberty  Loan;    distributes 

l»    510,000,000  to  employees  on  the  Instalment  plan. 

■—The  President  creates  National  War  Labor  Board. 

.—Cleveland  H.  Dodge,  New  York  City,  contributes 

P    $250,000  to  American  Red  Cross  War  Fund. 

April  10 — Treasury  at  Washington  announces 
344,000,000  loan  to  Greece. 

— Russian  Commissioner  of  Commerce  states  treaty 
with  Germany  has  taken  away  300,000  square 
Xnlles  of  territory,  55,000,000  Inhabitants,  one- 
third  of  her  railways,  73%  of  her  iron,  89%  of 
her  coal. 

April  11 — United  States  Government  takes  over  63 
coastwise  vessels,  making,  with  railroad-owned 
vessels.  111  coastwise  ships  (nearly  400,000  tons) 
under  Government  control. 

—Emperor  Charles  of  Austria  said  to  have  written 
to  his  cousin.  Prince  Slxtusde  Bourbon,  acknowl- 
edging the  claims  of  France  to  Alsace-Lorraine. 
Austria  denies  this   and   accuses  M.  Clemeneeau 

?    with  "piling  up  lies." 

—The   President,   by    proclamation,    commandeers 

'  the  Clyde-Mallory,  Merchants  and  Miners  and 
Southern  Steamship  Lines,  and  assigns  them  to 
supervision  of  Director  General  McAdoo. 

,— German-American  Alliance  decides  to  dissolve, 
and  turns  over  its  fund  of  530,000  to  American 
Red  Cross. 

AprU  12 — The  Irish  Convention,  at  Dublin,  proposes 
an  Irish  Parliament  of  2  houses,  the  Nationalists 
offering  40%  of  membership  to  the  Unionists; 
Ulster  Unionists  do  not  agree. 

—British  House  of  Commons  retains  Irish  conscrip- 
tion in  Man-Power  Bill. 

—Charles  M.  Schwab  made  Director  General  of 
Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  to  have  entire 
charge  of  Government    shipbuilding    programme. 

—New  York  State  Senate  does  away  with  "pay  as 
you  go"  policy  for  New  York  City  expenditures 
for  period  of  war. 

April  14 — Washington  Government  report  states  in- 
crease In  women  employed  in  Great  Britain  since 
July,  1914,  1,426,000. 

AprU  15 — Coimt  Czernin,  Austrian  Minister  of  For- 
eign Affairs,  resigns. 

■^Twelve  steel  cars  wrecked  on  Long  Island  Railroad, 
3  miles  east  of  Central  Islip;  3  soldiers  killed,  45 
injured. 

April  16 — Secretary  of  War  Baker  arrives  from 
Europe  on  American  trany)ort. 

April  17 — Baron  Burian  de  Radecz  succeeds  Count 
Czernin  as  Austro-Hungarian  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs. 

—Director  General  of  Railroads  McAdoo  takes  over 
the  Erie  Canal. 

April  16-17 — In  New  York  State  17  cities  and  towns 
vote  wet  and  19  dry.  Syracuse,  Schenectady, 
Amsterdam,  Newburgh,  Mount  Vernon,  New 
Kochelle,  wet;  Blnghamton,  Auburn,  Elmira, 
Jamestown,  dry. 

April  18 — Freight  steamship  Phyllis  grounded  off 
California  coast;  damage  540,000. 

April  19 — Gov.  Beeckman  of  Rhode  Island  signs  bill 
requiring  men  18  to  50  to  be  employed  at  least  36 
hours  a  week. 

—In  New  York  City  Justice  Goft  sentences  58  elec- 
tion inspectors,  convicted  of  ballot  frauds  in  Re- 
publican primary  contest  between  Mitchel  and 
Bennett. 

—In  Minneapolis,  J.  O.  Bentall,  Socialist  candidate 
for  Governor,  and  James  A.  Petersen,  candidate 
lor  Republican  nomination  for  United  States 
Senator,  convicted  of  violations  of  Espionage  Act 
and  receive  long  prison  sentences. 

—Washington  announces  the  taking  over  of  rest  of 
last  year's  wheat  crop  will  begin  on  May  15  at 
Government  price  of  S2.20  per  bushel. 

April  20 — The  President,  by  proclamation,  classes 
women  of  German  birth  and  of  Austro-Hungarian 
nationality  as  enemy  aliens  and  applies  to  them 
same  restrictions  and  guarantees  as  to  men. 

^United  States  takes  control  of  Philadelphia  police, 
suspends  the  chief  and  selects  a  new  head,  to  pro- 
tect sailors  and  soldiers  from  vice. 

April  21 — Earthquake  shocks  felt  in  Southern  Cali- 
lornia. 


April  22 — Andrew  Bonar  Law,  English  Chancellor 
of  the  Exchequer,  introduces  in  House  of  Com« 
mons  largest   budget  in  history;   calls  for  $14,«" 
861,000,000.  ' 

— United  States  Shipping  Board  charters  Norwe- 
gian sailing  vessels,  aggregating  400,000  tons,  for 
service  in  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans. 

April  23 — Mrs.  Rose  Pastor  Stokes  indicted  by 
United  States  Grand  Jury  in  Kansas  City,  Mo.^ 
for  alleged  violation  of  Espionage  Act. 

April  24 — John  D.  Ryan,  copper  man,  chosen  to  head 
Division  of  Aircraft  Production. 

— New  York  Governor  vetoes  "wire  tapping"  bill. 

April  25 — In  New  York  City  steamer  St.  Paul  sink9 
at  its  pier;  2  lives  lost. 

April  26 — New  York  Governor  signs  Sabotage  Bill, 
modelled  on  Federal  statute. 

April  27 — Interstate  Commerce  Commission  grants 
raise  of  both  freight  and  passenger  rates  on  New 
England  roads. 

— Announcement  made  at  Protestant  Episcopal 
Cathedral,  St.  John  the  Divine,  New  York  City, 
that  Gen.  Pershing  has  joined  the  Episcopal 
Church. 

Ai)ril  29 — Edward  Short,  M.  P.,  appointed  Chief 
Secretary  lor  Ireland,  to  succeed  Henry  Edward 
Duke. 

May  1 — William  L.  Ettinger,  Associate  City  Super- 
intendent of  Schools,  New  York,  succeeds  William 
H.  Maxwell  as  City  Superintendent. 

— Gov.  Whitman,  New  York,  signs  bill  annulling 
charter  of  German-American  Alliance. 

— Karl  Rodiger,  alleged  German  spy,  is  arrested  in 
New  York  and  held  in  815,000  ball. 

— At  a  meeting  In  Detroit  12,000  men  and  womelli 
majority  members  of  the  I.  W.  W„  are  rounded  up 
as -draft  slackers  or  German  sympathizers. 

May  2 — Two  soldiers  are  burned  to  death  anfl  18 
men  seriously  injured  by  the  explosion  of  a  cap- 
tive observation  balloon  at  Florence  Field,  the 
Army  Balloon  School  at  Fort  Omaha,  Neb. 

— Director  McAdoo  awards  to  16  car  building  firms 
contracts  for  70,000  additional  freight  cars,  bring- 
ing total  orders  up  to  100,000  cars,  to  cost  ap- 
proximately 8300,000,000. 

— Shah  of  Persia  buys  8100,000  worth  ol  Liberty 
bonds.  „ 

— The  Pope  names  Bishop  Patrick  J.  Hayes  Head 
Chaplain  to  Pershing's  American  forces. 

May  3 — Second  contingent  of  Second  National  Army, 
numbering  233,742  men,  called  to  training  camps. 

— At  Waukegan,  111.,  a  fire  destroys  $1,000,000  worth 
of  army  stores. 

— Alien  Property  Custodian,  in  Washington,  seizes 
American  WirelCiS  Company;  about  two-thirds  of 
the  stock  is  held  by  enemy  aliens. 

May  4 — Campaign  for  Tliird  Liberty  Loan  ends;  sub- 
scriptions total  84,170,000,000,  from  17,000,000 
subscribers. 

— The  President  pardons  2  soldiers  of  United  States 
American    Expeditionary    Forces,    sentenced    to 
death  for  sleeping  on  post,  and  commutes  to  nomi- 
nal   prison   terms  death  sentenced  imposed  on  2 
others  for  disobeying  orders. 

— Federal  Alien  Property  Custodian  seizes  property 
of  George  Ehret,  New  York  brewer. 

May  5 — The  Tuckahoe,  5,500  ton  collier,  built  in  27 
working  days,  launched  at  Camden,  N.  J. 

— Fifty  Columbia  students.  New  York  City,  enlist 
as  conductors  of  Pullman  Company,  to  take  places 
of  men  gone  to  war. 

May  7 — War  Industries  Board  restricts  allotment  of 
coal  and  steel  to  automobile  factories,  to  curtail 
production  of  passenger  cars  75%. 

— Additional  credit  of  875,000,000  is  extended  to 
Great  Britain,  making  a  total  of  United  States 
loans  to  Great  Britain  of  82,795,000,000,  and  total 
to  all  belligerents,  85,363,850,000. 

— For  the  first  time  women  sit  as  members  of  Tam- 
many Hall  Executive  Committee. 

May  8 — Railroad  Wage  Commission  recommends 
wage  increases  totaUing  8300,000,000  annually; 
increases  range  from  4H%  on  $55.00  weekly  to 
40%  on  820.00  weekly. 

— Government's  crop  report  Indicates  harvest  oi 
572,590,000  bushels;  154,400,000  bushels  more 
than  last  summer. 

— At  Fort  Worth,  Tex.,  8  United  States  gunners  are 
kUled  and  7  injured  by  explosion  of  3  with  shell 
during  firing  practice. 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


769 


May  8 — War  Trade  Board  restricts  Importation  ol 

crude  rubber  to  100.000  tons  a  year. 
—At  Mineola,  L.  I.,  2  airplanes  collide:  John  B. 

Erwln,  West  Point,  Miss.,  is  liilled;  R.  E.  Jeremy 

of  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.,  and  J.  R.  Vidmer  of  Wash- 
ington, D,  C.,  student  aviators,  are  seriously  in- 
jured. 
May  9 — Torrens  Title  Registering  Act  signed  by 

Gov.  Whitman,  New  York. 
—Steamer   Lake   Como   stranded   near   Point   des 

Montes,  Canada,  en  route  to  Nova  Scotia;  damages 

estimated  SllO.OOO. 
— Police    Inspector   Daniel   E.    Costigan,,    'Hones't 

Dan,"  appointed  Chief  Coast  Detective,  United 

States  Shipping  Board. 
— Car  jumps  track  at  Camp  Jackson,  near  Columbia, 

S.  C;  8  soldiers  killed,  26  Injured. 
— Lieut.  George  Sherman,  student  aviation  officer,  at 

Post  Field,  Lawton,  Okla.,  is  killed  by  fall  of  his 

army  airplane. 
— A  tornado  kills  18  persons  at  Calmar  and  3  at 

Mason  City,  la.,  a  farmer  and  his  son  at  Toulon, 

111.,  and  2  women  at  Franklin. 
May  10 — At  Camp  Jackson,  S.  C,  wooden  railroad 

coach  goes  off  a  trestle;  8  soldiers  killed,  26  Injured. 
May  11 — Mayor  Hylan  and  members  of  New  York 

City  Board  of  Estimate  march  on  foot  at  head  of 

New  York  police  parade. 
—Columbia  University  drops  12  fellowships;  women 

win  7  of  13  of  this  year's  awards. 
— The  President  Issues  proclamation  setting  May  30 

(Decoration  Day)  as  a  day  of  public  liumiliation, 
"  prayer  and  fasting. 

May  13 — Antl-loafing  bill  in  effect  in  New  York. 
— "Mothers'  Day"  observed  by  special  prayers  in 

May  14 — James  Gordon  Bennett,  owner  of  New 
York  Herald,  dies  at  Beaulleu,  France. 

May  15 — Army  flyers  carry  344  pounds  of  mail,  New 
York  City  to  Washington,  in  3  hours,  20  minutes. 

—Mrs.  Cornelius  Vanderbilt  donates  use  of  Fifth 
Avenue  home  for  musical  entertainments  in  aid  of 
Red  Cross. 

— New  State  barge  canal,  linking  New  York  City 
with  Great  Lakes,  opens.  i 

—The  President  names  Charles  E.  Hughes  to  head 
aircraft  inquiry,  to  co-operate  with  Attorney  Gen- 
eral. I 

— Regular  air  mail  service  initiated  between  New 
York  and  Washington. 

May  17 — In  Oregon  United  States  Senator  McNary 
and  Gov.  Withycombe  win  in  Republican  prima- 
ries; In  Democratic  primaries,  Oswald  West  wins 
for  Senator,  Walter  M.  Pierce  for  Governor. 

— The  President  reviews  Red  Cross  parade  in  New 
York  City. 

May  18 — The  President  speaks  at  Metropolitan 
Opera  House,  New  York  City;  says  there  will  be 
no  limit  on  number  of  men  sent  to  France. 

— Five  hundred  Sinn  Felners  arrested  In  Ireland  and 
sent  to  England. 

■ — In  New  York  City  President  Wilson  reviews  Red 
Cross  parade;  in  address  to  Red  Cross  meeting 
declares  his  intention  to  "stand  by  Russia." 

—A  powder  explosion  in  plant  near  Pittsburgh  kills 
nearly  100  persons. 

— An  explosion  of  TNT  destroys  plant  of  Aetna 
Chemical  Company  at  Oakdale,  near  Pitteburgh; 
loss,  51,500,000;  upwards  of  200  men  killed. 

May  19 — Director  General  of  Railroads  McAdoo 
authorizes  expenditures  of  $930,000,000  for  im- 
provement and  equipment  during  the  coming 
year. 

May  20 — Charles  H.  Brent,  Methodist  Episcopal 
Bishop  of  Western  New  York,  accepts  post  as 
Chaplain  to  Pershing's  expeditionary  forces. 

— The  President  signs  the  Overman  bill,  which  au- 
thorizes President  to  co-ordinate  or  consolidate 
executive  bureaus,  agencies  and  officers. 

— The  President  takes  aviation  control  from  Signal 
Corps  and  places  it  under  Secretary  of  War. 

• — First  day  for  issuing  of  sugar  certificates  by  Food 
Controller. 

— "Good  by"  riot  at  New  Haven  by  Yale  student 
conscripts. 

— Scottish  National  Association  meeting  In  Edin- 
burgh starts  a  campaign  for  Federal  autonomy  for 
Scotland. 

May  21 — Memorial  service  held  In  Grace  Church, 
New    York    City,    for   James   Gordon   Bennett. 


May  21 — Funeral  services  held  at  St.  Patrick's 
Cathedral,  New  York  City,  lor  Capt.  Besnatl, 
noted  Italian  flyer. 

— Storms  and  electrical  disturbances  prevent  aerial 
mail  delivery  between  Washington,  New  York  and 
Philadelphia. 

—Earthquake  at  La  Serena,  Province  of  Coquimbo, 
CliiU;  causes  damage. 

— President  names  Peyton  C.  March,  Chief  of  Staff, 
with  rank  of  General. 

— In  Pennsylvania  Governorship  primaries  State 
Senator  William  C,  Sproul  (Rep.)  and  Joseph  F. 
Guffey  (Dem.)  win. 

— A  Welsh  Nationalist  conference  held  at  Llan- 
dridod  Wells,  at  which  a  campaign  is  started  for 
federal  autonomy  for  Wales. 

— Director  General  McAdoo'relieves  every  railroad 
president  of  United  States  from  active  duty  as 
executive  manager  of  his  road,  and  removes  C.  W. 
Huntington,  President  of  Virginia  Railroad,  on 
charge  of  disobedience  of  orders. 

— Navy  Department  issued  United  States  cable  cen- 
sorsliip  regulations. 

May  23 — Mrs.  Rose  Pastor  Stokes  found  guilty  of 
violating  Espionage  Act. 

— Andrew  Carnegie  gives  51,000,000  to  the  American 
Red  Cross. 

— Federal  Custodian  of  Allen  Property  takes  over 
New  England  Waste  Company,  American  Linters 
Company,  American  Products  Company,  Wolf  & 
Sons,  Anglo-American  Cotton  Company  and  the 
Richard  Mayer  Company. 

— Fimeral  services  for  James  Gordon  Bennett  in 
American  Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  Paris,  at- 
tended by  members  of  the  French  Government, 
the  Diplomatic  Corps  and  French  army  and 
navy  officers;  in  New  York  City  the  bells  of  the 
Herald  clock  tolled  lor  15  minutes. 

— Mrs.  Lyman  B.  Kendall  of  New  York  City  gives 
her  villa  at  Bar  Harbor,  Me.,  as  home  for  invalided 
army  and  navy  officers. 

— Mail  is  carried,  Washington  to  New  York,  at  aver- 
age speed  in  air  of  more  than  2  miles  a  minute. 

— Miss  Catherine  Stinson,  mall  avlatrix  from  Chi- 
cago to  New  York,  makes  2  records;  one  for  en- 

I    durance,  other  for  continuous  flight  (783  miles). 

May  24 — Fuel  Administrator  Garfield  orders  cut  ol 

;     10  cents  a  ton. 

. — Italy-American  day,  third  anniversai'y  ol  Italy's 

I    entrance  into  the  war. 

Costa  Rica  declares  war  on  Germany  and  Austria. 
King  Victor  Emanuai  ol  Italy  sends  greeting  to 
President  Wilson  on  anniversary  of  third  year  of 
Italy's  entrance  Into  the  war. 

May  25 — In  primary  enrolment  in  New  York  women 

I     enroll  in  large  numbers. 

.—The  Garibaldi,  4,500  tons,  launched  at  Wilmlng- 

'    ton,  Del. 

— Prince  Arthur  of  Connaught,  first  cousin  of  King 
George  ol  England,  on  way  to  Japan,  visits  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

— Mexico  severs  relations  with  Cuba. 

May  26 — Director  General  McAdoo  orders  8-hour 
day  extending  to  all  class  of  railroad  employees. 

— Appeals  by  National  Food  Administration  to  con- 
sume less  meat,  wheat  and  sugar  are  read  in  church 

;  pulpits;  Mr.  Hoover  suggests  ration  of  2  pounds 
of  meat  per  week  per  person. 

— Dr.  Charles  H.  Parkhurst,  76,  preaches  farewell 
sermon  in  Madison  Square  Presbyterian  Church, 
New  York  City. 

— Director  General  McAdoo  announces  pay  Increase 
for  2,000,000  railroad  employees. 

— Col.  Roosevelt  and  Mr.  Tatt  shake  hands  at  acci- 

I    dental  meeting  in  Chicago  hotel. 

May  27 — Major  Gen.  Wood  ordered  to  San  Fran- 

)    Cisco  to  command  Western  Department. 

— Gustavo  Bemhard  KuhlenkampfC,  a  German  Cap- 

!    tain,  friend  of  von  Papen  and  von  Bernstorft,  ar- 

I    rested  as  an  enemy  alien. 

— Director  General  McAdoo  orders  25%  Increase  in 

I    freight  rates,  fixes  passenger  rates  at  3  cents  a  mile. 

— Postmaster    General    announces    newspaper    and 

I    magazine  postal  zone  rates. 

— Second  Red  Cross  War  Fund  campaign  ends  with 
subscriptions  in  excess  of  8166,500,000. 

May  28 — American  Railroad  Express  Company  or- 
ganized under  Government  supervision  by  merger 
of  the  Adams,  American,  Wells-Fargo  and  South- 
ern Express   Companies,   with    capital  of    $30,- 

.    000,000. 


H 


770 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


May  28 — la  New  York  City,  Grove  Street  PulJllc 
School.  Greenwich  Village,  celebrates  lOOth  an- 
niversary. 

— Shipping  Board  announces  completion  ot  10  steel 
ships  in  week  ending  May  25. 

— Denmark's    Rigsdag    assembles    at    Copenhagen; 
•      the  9  women  membei's  attend;  King  Christian  an- 
nounces continuation  o{  policy  ol  neutrality. 

—Paris  reports  Major  Baracca,  leading  Italian 
•'ace,"  has  brought  down  his  32d  adversary. 

■—^Aerial  mail  between  London  and  Paris  begins. 

May  29 — The  President  formally  creates  War  In- 
dustries Board. 

— Annapolis  Military  Academy  commissions  450  re- 
serve ensigns. 

■'—Brown  University  revokes  von  Bernstoff's  LL.  D. 
degree. 

— Clarence  H.  Mackay  donates  summer  residence  at 
Roslyn,  L.  I.,  to  American  Red  Cross. 

—Sixty-second  birthday  anniversary  ol  Republican 
Party  celebrated  at  Bloonjington,  111. 

— New  York  City  Board  ol  Education  drops  study  of 
German  in  its  elementary  and  high  schools. 

—United  States  Fuel  Administrator  forbids  use  of 
coal  and  fuel  oil  on  private  pleasure  yachts  (order 
does  not  affect  use  of  gasoline  in  pleasure  launches 
or  automobiles). 

May  30 — Explosion  munitions  at  Jassy,  capital  of 
Roumanla;  kills  400. 

— 'President  attends  memorial  services  at  Arlington 
National  Cemetery. 

— Lincoln  Memorial  University  at  Tennessee  confers 
LL.  D.  degree  upon  Woodrow  Wilson. 

— The  first  fabricated  steel  ship  launched  on  Newark 
Bay,  N.  J. 

May  31 — United  States  Court,  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
sentences  Mrs.  Rose  Pastor  Stokes  to  10  years'  im- 
prisonment for  violation  of  Espionage  Act. 

^Maurice  F.  Egan  resigns  as  United  States  Minister 
to  Denmark. 

June  1 — Bureau  of  Markets,  United  States  Depart- 
ment of  Apiculture,  takes  control  of  telegraphic 
reports  on  live  stock  receipts  and  prices,  distributed 
dally  from  Chicago  Union  Stock  Yards. 

— The  destroyer  Ward,  built  In  17  H  days,  launched 
at  Mare  Island,  Cal. 

June  3-— United  States  Supreme  Court  declares  the 
Federal  Child  Labor  Law  of  1916,  forbidding  In- 
terstate shipment  of  products  of  child  labor,  un- 
constltutlonxil. 

— The  President  of  Panama,  Ramon  Valdez,  dies  in 
Panama  City. 

— Aerial  mail  service  between  New  York,  Boston  and 
Montreal  inaugurated. 

June  4 — New  York  City  lights  darkened  at  night  by 
order  of  Police  Department;  Coney  Island  in 
gloom. 

— Baron  Charles  de  BroQueville  resigns  as  Belgian 
Premier;  succeeded  by  M.  Cooreman. 

June  7 — Richard  F.  Cleveland,  a  son  of  Grover 
Cleveland,  enlists  as  a  private  in  the  Marine  Corps. 

— Conductors  and  motormqn  strike  in  the  Bronx, 
.   New  York  City. 

— Federal  Grand  Jury  indicts  7  as  alleged  spies, 
among  them  Jeremiah  J.  OILeary,  editor  of  Bull, 

'.   and  John  T.  Ryto,  an  attorney  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

June  8 — Ben  Brush,  a  stallion,  winner  of  the  Subur- 
ban and  of  the  Brighton  Handicap,  dies  at  the  age 
of  25  at  Lexington,  Ky. 

— United  States  Food  Administration  reports  May 
shipments  of  cereals  to  Allies  700,278  tons  (In 
April,  863,034;)  corn,  67,270  tons:  oats,  155,961 
tons;  rye,  8,684  tons;  barley,  87,642  tons;  wheat, 
371,253;  rice,  beans,  peas,  etc.,  9,402. 

— Director  General  McAdoo  orders  fares  on  Hudson 
tubes  and  railroad  ferries  to  remain  as  they  are. 

— Many  people  in  New  York  City  watch  the  sun's 
eclipse  by  reflections  in  store  windows. 

June  10— Conscientious  objectors  tried  by  court 
martial  at  San  Antonio,  Tex.;  sentenced  to  terms  of 
25  years'  imprisonment. 

—Dr.  Garfield,  Fuel  Administrator,  says  estimated 
coal  shortage  will  have  to  be  borne  by  non-essen- 
tial Industries,  and  orders  passenger  automobile 
manufacture  cut  to  25%  of  last  year's  output. 
June  11 — The  Government  seizes  German-owned 
steel  plant  at  Koppel,  near  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  and 
arrests  11  ol  its  officers  a^  alien  enemies. 
: — In  telegram  to  chairman  ol  the  American  Alli- 
ance for  Lahor  and  Democracy,  convening  in  St. 
Paul.  Minn.,  the  President  says:     "War  can  be 


lost  In  America  as  well  as  on  fields  of  France,  and 
ill-considered  or  unjustified  mterruptions  ol  the 
essential  labor  of  the  country  may  make  it  im- 
possible to  win  it." 

— War  Trades  Board  and  Fuel.and  Railroad  Admin- 
istrations announce  they  will  not  peripit  any  new 
war  orders  or  increase  ot  plants  In  district  com- 
prising New  England,  Eastern  and  Southern  New 
York,  Eastern  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Dela- 
ware and  Marj'land  (excluding  Baltimore). 

June  12 — Food  Administration  asks  public  to  limit 
beef  consumption  and  use  pork. 

June  13 — The  Postal  Telegraph  and  Cable  Company 
announces  it  waives  its  rights  during  the  war  to  dis- 

I     chai'ge  employees  who  join  a  union. 

— Federal  Food  Board  orders  all  food-selling  stores 
to  close  at  8  P.  M.,  except  on  Saturdays;  to  take 
effect  JiUy  1. 

June  14 — Freight  steamer  F.  A.  Kilburn  destroyed 
by  fire  while  en  route  from  Havana,  Cuba,  to  New 
Orleans,  La.;  vessel  valued  at  SI 50.000. 

—United  States  Treasury  extends  credit  ol  S175,- 
000.000  to  Great  Britain;  S9.000.000  to  Belgium. 

—Peruvian  Government  takes  possession  ol  German 
ships  interned  at  Callao  (8  ships,  50,000  tons). 

— President  Wilson,  on  anniversary  ol  landing  of 
United  States  troops  in  France,  cables  President 
Poincare  that  American  troops  and  material  will 
continue  until  force  against  common  enemy  be- 
comes overwhelming. 

— New  York  City  celebrates  Flag  Day. 

— Food  Administration  limits  sugar  consumption  to 

I    3  pounds  per  month  per  person. 

June  15 — More  than  an  inch  of  snow  falls  at  Ellen- 
ton,  Pa. 

' — Cardinal  Mercier  of  Belgium,  Salandra,  former 
Premier  of  Italy,  and  President  Woodrow  Wilson 
elected  honorary  members  of  the  French  Academy. 

I — Gen.  March  says  over  800,000  troops  have  gone 
abroad. 

— Three  hundred  New  York  Central  freight  handlers 
strike. 

June  16 — War  Savings  and  Thrift  drive  starts  In 
New  York  City. 

June  17 — Registration  of  German  women  from  14 
years  up  begins  in  New  York  City. 

— In  Minnesota  Republican  primaries.  Gov.  Burn- 
quist  and  United  States  Senator  Nelson  are  re- 
nominated. 

— In  Maine  primaries.  Gov.  Milliken  and  Senator 
Fernald  are  renominated  by  Republicans;  Ber- 
trand  G.  Mclntyre  lor  Governor  and  Elbert  G. 
Newbert  lor  United  States  Senator  aro  chosen  toy 

j    Democrats. 

I — United  States  Alien  Property  Custodian  announces 
he  has  seized  property  ol  Mrs.  Busch,  widow  ol 
St.  Louis  brewer. 

— New  lood  regulations  announced;  roast  beef  and 
beel  steak  once  a  week. 

— It  is  announced  that  visible  wheat  amounts  to 
509,500  bushels,  as  against  20.142,000  this  time 
last  year.- 

June  18 — One  thousand  boilermakers  in  Brooklyn 
strike. 

— Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  refuses  to  ac- 
cept ruling  ol  War  Labor  Board  in  telegraph  dis- 
pute. 

—President  puts  stock  yards  and  slaughtering  and 
packing  businesses  under  Federal  Ucense  and  su- 
pervision. 

June  19 — As  a  result  of  collision  in  air  at  Pensacola, 
Fla.,  Mr.  Sylvester  and  Mr.  Blair,  Chief  Quarter- 
masters, United  States  Naval  Reserve,  are  killed. 
—United  States  Trade  Commission  fixes  maximum 
prices  for  newsprint  paper. 

—The  Liberty,  9.600  tons,  launched  at  Kearny,  N.J 

— In  New  York  City,  John  Miles,  exponent  of  the 
Simple  Life,  shoots  hlmsell. 

— War   Finance   Corporation  announces  a  loan   to 

Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  Company  ol  $17,320,500. 

— Post  Office  Department  announces  that  aerial  mail 

service    between    New    York,    Philadelphia    and 

I    Washington,  lor  first  month,  carried  5%  tons  ol 

I    letter    mail;    the    planes    covered    11,109    miles; 

I  totaled  In  the  air  157  hours^  59  minutes;  average 
speed  more  than  70  miles  an  hour. 

June  20 — Baseball  players  placed  by  Provost  Mar- 
shal Crowder  in  non-productive  class,  but  are  per- 
mitted to  finish  out  season. 

— American  Federation  of  Labor  re-elects  President 
Samuel  Gompers  and  other  chief  ofBcers. 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


771 


June  20 — New  York  Interstate  Commerce  Commis- 
sion authorizes  increase  oJ    boat    fares    between 

Albany,  Troy  and  New  York  City. 
June  21 — Arthur  Griffith,  a  Sinn  Fein  leader,  elected 

to  House  ol  Commons  trom  East  Cavan. 
— ^United  States  steamer  Schurz,  1,600  tons,  collides 

with  the  steamer  Florida  and  sinks  off   North 

Carolina  coast;  1  seaman  killed. 
—Judge  li.  A.  Snltkin  ol  New  York  City  and  his 

brother  convicted  in  Indianapolis  ol    conspiring 

to  obstruct  the  draft.  .  ^ , 

^War  Industries  Board  grants  Increase  of  45  cents 

per  ton  for  iron  ore.  ^      .^  ^  „ 

^Astronomers  discover  a  new  star  In  the  constella- 

lation  AQUilla.  ,  . ,    ^ 

—Federal  Food  Board  announces  auctioneers  of  food 

must  obtain  Food  Administration  licenses. 
—Provost  Marshal  Crowder  further  explains  "work 

or  flght"  order  and  further  classifies  "productive 

and  non-productive." 
—United   States  Treasury  Department   announces 

credit  to  Greece  815,790.000. 
June  22 — Food  Administration  announces  rationing 

of  sugar  to  be  in  'iHect  July  1. 
June    23— Secretary    Daniels     announces    navy's 

strength  450,000  men.  .  „     .     ^  ,.       ., 

. — President  authorizes  Federal  Gram  Corporation  to 

increase  capital  stock  §150,000,000  to  buy  and 

.  store  grain. 
June  26 — Belgium  receives  further  credit  of  82,250,- 

OOO.total  United  States  loans  to  Belgium,  §122,800,- 

000;  aggregate  credits  to  Allies,  $5,972,590,000. 
—Provost  Marshal  Crowder  selects  "Major  Billie 

Wellborn,  a  girl  clerk  in  the  Treasury  Department, 

to  draw  draft  numbers.  ».  „    .      .,^, 

—Americans    in    London    teach   baseball    to    King 

— Chairman  of  Transportation  Committee,  Food  Ad- 
ministration, issues  rules  aSecting  poultry  coming 
to  New  York. 

June  27— Local  draft  boards  in  New  York  City  re- 
ceive orders  for  enforcement  of  "work  or  light 

-Drawing  of  voung  men  registered  June  5  begins; 

Secretary  Baker  draws  No.  246  as  first  number. 
New  York  Democratic  State  Committee  calls  an 

unofficial  State  convention.     ^  ,.    ^.         ,   ^n,^nnn 
Food  Board  levies  forced  contribution  of  S25,000 

to  Red  Cross,  on  wholesale  flour  dealer  for  viola- 
tion of  food  regulations. 
—Clyde  freight  steamer  Onondaga  (2,696  gross  tons) 

grounds  on  Watch  Hill  Reef;  total   loss  $500,000. 
—United  States,  by  President's  proclamation,  takes 

over  docks,  piers  and  equipment  of  North  German 

Lloyd  and  Hamburg-American  Lines. 
— Tlie   President   names,    among   others,    Cornelius 

VanderbUt    and    Douglas    MacArthur    Brigadier 

In  New  York  City  Special  Grand  Jury  recommends 

the  creation  and  appointment  of  a  charity  censor 
to  check  war  charity  graft.  -  ,«  „  „4.„  „„ 

War  Labor  Board  orders  increase  of  10  cents  an 

hour  In  wood  pulp  and  newsprint  paper  mdustry, 
with  equal  pay  for  men  and  women. 

—Charles  E.  Lydeckcr  succeeds  S.  Stanwood  Men- 
ken as  President  of  National  Security  League. 

^Mr.  McAdoo  turns  back  1,700  shorfrailroad  lines 
to  private  management.  ,i„i.i„„ 

^Customs  officials  change  passport  rules,  limiting 
amount  of  money  to  be  carried  abroad. 

—New  York  Governor  Whitman  orders  no  liquor 
sold  in  New  York  City  after  8  P.  M.,  except  to  be 
drunk  on  premises.  ■      ,         ,   .  . 

—Commercial  Telegraphers'  Union  of  America  de- 
mands reinstatement  of  union  men  and  right  to 
organize,  and  orders  strike  to  begin  July  8. 

June  30— Eugene  V.  Debs.  4  times  Socialist  candi- 
date for  President  of  United  States,  arrested  at 
Cleveland.  O..  for  alleged  violation  of  Espionage 

Act       ■■ 

—Total  army  casualties  to  date  9,131;  marine  list, 

1  2'>2 

— Columbia  University  Trustees  vote  to  require  mili- 
tary training  of  all  students.  ,  »      «  „t 

juiv  1— Federal  "work  or  fight'  law  goes  into  effect. 

—New  regulations  prohibit  treating  to  liquor  of  sol- 
diers or  officers  in  private  homes.  TTnitoH 

July  2— Washington  announces  1,019.11j  V  o?,T 
States  troops  sent  to  France  up  to  July  I,  only  291 
tost  at  sea. 


July  2 — Union  of  Marine  Engineers  prohibits  any 
strike  of  its  members  during  the  war. 

July  3 — Department  of  Commerce,  Bureau  of  Navi- 
gation, states  United  States  Merchant  Marine 
totals  10,000,000  tons;  in  year  ending  June  30, 
1,622  vessels,  1,430,793  tons,  added  to  the  fleet. 

— Government  returns  553  short  line  railroads  to 
private  control. 


— Lord  Rhondda,  British  Food  Controller,  dies  in 

London.  ,  , 

— Will  of  James  Gordon  Bennett  presented  for  pro- 
bate.   It  founds  a  home  for  old  journalists. 
— Senator  Tillman  of  South  Carolina  dies. 

— War  Industries  Board  issues  instructions  to  news- 
paper publishers  to  discontinue  free  samples,  ex- 
changes, or  returns  of  unsold  copies. 

— Germany  increases  levy  of  tribute  from  Belgium 
to  512,000,000  per  month.  „  ^      ^ 

— United  States  Treasury  grants  France  further 
credit  of  5100,000,000. 

July  4 — Lieut.  Frank  M.  Bartlett  completes  record 
air  flight,  2,500  miles,  Scbtt  Field,  Belleville,  111., 
to  Kelly  Field,  San  Antonio,  Tex.;  makes  341  miles 
between  Scott  Field  and  Park  Field.  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  in  record  time  of  3  hours  5  minutes. 

— President  in  speech  at  Mount  Vernon  restates 
United  States  war  purposes. 

— In  New  York  City  100,000  persons  parade,  repre- 
senting 43  nationalities. 

— Peru,  Brazil  and  Uruguay  make  July  4  a  national 
holiday.  ,         .  .  ,  , 

— First  American  Caproni-bulit  aeroplane  Initial 
flight  at  Mineola.  L.  I.;  makes  120  miles  an  hour. 

— Eighty-nine  ships  launched  in  United  States  ship 
yards.  ,  „  .... 

— Navy  Secretary  Daniels  and  Secretary  of  Agricul- 
ture Wilson  address  audiences  at  Tammany  Hall. 
New  York  City.  ,      .    ,     .. 

— The  Dutch  Cabinet  resigns  as  result  of  elections. 

— AU  creeds  unite  in  Red  Cross  restoration  of  Pales- 
tine under  leadership  of  Gen.  Sir  Edmund  AUenby. 

July  5 — Excursion  ■  steamer  from  Peoria  to  Pe'iSln, 
111.,  Columbia,  sinks  near  shore;  92  drowned. 

July  6 — Mohammed  VI.  proclaimed  Sultan  of 
TurkGy 

— Former' Mayor  John  Purroy  Mitchel  killed  by  fall 
in  his  airplane  at  Gerstner  Field,  Lake  Charles.  La. 

— The  President  in  conference  with  Cabinet,  Admiral 
Benson,  Chief  of  Naval  Operations,  and  G«p. 
March,  Chief  of  Stafi:,  decide  upon  intervention  In 

— Gen.  March  says  251,000  United  States  soldiers 
now  on  battle  line  on  western  front. 

Provost  Marshal  Crowder  classes  motion  picture 

players  as    legitimate  theatrical    performers  en- 
gaged in  useful  occupation.  .^  ^,   a 

—King  Albert  of  Belgium  and  Queen  Elizabeth  fly 
over  the  English  Channel  in  separate  planes. 

July  7_sergt.  Gino,  noted  Italian  flyer,  killed  in 
aeroplane  fall  at  Mineola,  L.  I. 

—United  States  Fuel  Administration  announces 
system  of  rationing  next  winter's  coal. 

July  8— United  States  warship  arrives  at  Buenos 
Ayres,  Argentina,  on  visit  of  courtesy  on  Its  In- 
dependence Day  anniversary. ,  ^  ^     ,   _,     ^_  ,,  . 

— Robert  Ciines  appointed  British  Food  Controller 
to  succeed  the  late  Lord  Rhondda. 

—Grand  Lodge  of  Elks,  at  Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  votes 
81,000.000  fund  for  war  relief  work. 

—Edward  A.  Rumeiy,  an  officer  of  the  Mail  and  Ex- 
press Company,  charged  by  Alien  Property  Cus- 
todian with  having  lied  under  oath  as  to  the 
source  of  fund  with  which  the  paper  was  pur- 
chased, the  German  Government  having  furnished 
said  fund  for  propaganda  purposes. 

—The  Associated  Press  establishes  pension  system 
for  employees,  including  sick  benefits  and  life  in- 
surant?; fund  Is  started  with  8100,000  In  Liberty 

— John  D.  Rockefeller,  sr.,  begins  his  80th  year" play- 
ing golt  at  Pocantlco  Hills,  N.  Y. 
— wistern    Union    telegraphers'  strike   Jndeflnltely 

jufy  gE^unlted  States  Sanitary  Commission  arrives 
at  Guayqull  Ecuador,  to  aid  in  wiping  out  yellow 

—Worth  Bagley  Daniels,  Navy  Becretary's  son, 
sworn  m  as  midshipman. 

—Lieut.  Robert  E,  Lee.  grandson  of  Civil  War  Con- 
federate general,  receives  French  War  Cross. 


772 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


July  10 — Dr.  Garfield,  Fuel  Admlnlatrator,  cuts  off 
coal  supply  trom  breweries. 

— Government  gets  $28,863  for  portable  enemy  goods 
taken  from  German  ships. 

— Sixteen  food  violators  in  New  York  City  ordered 
to  close  shops  for  varying  periods,  1  flour  dealer 
forced  to  contribute  SI ,734  to  Red  Cross  fund. 

July  11 — Military  funeral  given  Major  John  Purroy 
Mitchel  at  St.  Patrick's  Cathedral. 

— United  States  Food  Administration  organizes 
board  with  55,000,000  capital  to  handle  1918-19 
sugar  crop. 

— Julius  Pemitzer,  head  of  Transatlantic  Trust 
Company;  Guido  von  Steer,  one-time  Secretary  in 
Emperor  Francis  Joseph's  Cabinet,  and  2  others 
seized  at  New  York  as  dangei'ous  enemy  aliens. 

July  12 — Oscar  S.  Straus  refuses  Fusion  nomination 
for  Congress  against  Meyer  London. 

— United  States  Treasury  grants  Great  Britain 
further  credit  of  $175,000,000. 

— Japanese  battleship  Kawachi  blows  up  in  Toku- 
yama  Harbor;  400  saved  out  of  1100. 

— Dr.  Garfield,  Fuel  Administrator,  announces  coun- 
try clubs  not  permitted  to  use  fuel  for  cooking  or 
heating,  Dec.  1,  1918,  to  April  1,  1919. 

— Sixteen  hundred  shoe  cutters  in  Brockton,  Mass., 
working  on  army  shoes,  strike  for  higher  wages. 

— Railroad  Administration  takes  over  Raritan  Canal, 
N.  J. 

— The  President  sends  "Bastille  Day"  message  of 
greeting  to  France. 

— Five  United  States  aviators  die  by  accidents  on 
United  States  and  Canadian  flying  fields. 

— Thirty-five  women  delegates  elected  in  New  York 
City  to  Republican  State  Convention. 

July  14 — "Bastille  Day"  commemorated  in  Madison 
Square,  New  York  City;  Charles  E.  Hughes  pre- 
sides; French  Ambassador  Jusserand,  Lord  Read- 
ing, Secretary  Daniels,  Ignace  Paderewski,  Samuel 
Gompers  and  Italian  Ambassador  Count  de  Cel- 
lere  make  addresses. 

— President  Polncare  and  Gen.  Pershing  review 
Bastille  Day  parade  in  Paris.  . 

— Ambassador  Sharp  and  an  American  battalion  as- 
sist in  dedication  of  new  bridge  in  Lyons,  France, 
named  "The  President  Wilson." 

July  15 — Allen  Property  Custodian  organizes  com- 
mittees and  representatives  to  dispose  of  German- 
owned  corporations  and  other  property  amount- 
ing to  $250,000,000. 

— War  Finance  Corporation  makes  war  loan  of 
$20,000,000  to  Bethlehem  Steel  Corporation. 

— Theodore  P.  Shonts,  President  of  New  York  Rail- 
ways Company,  asks  Mayor  Hylan  and  Board  of 
Estimate  for  Increase  of  fares. 

— Washington  announces  contracts  made  with  Japan 
for  30  more  steel  cargo  steamships. 

— Belgium  is  given  new  credit  of  $1,680,000. 

— Spanish  influenza  affects  80%  of  population  of 
Spain. 

— Win  of  John  W.  Sterling,  lawyer,  of  New  York, 
leaves  over  $15,000,000  to  Yale. 

— Wai"  Industries  Board  takes  over  chlorine  industry. 

— At  Lynn,  Mass.,  10,000  General  Electric  Company 
employees  strike.  There  are  strikes  also  on  trans- 
portation system  in  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  vicinity, 
Smith  &  Wesson  employees  at  Springfield,  Mass., 
and  at  Cleveland,  O.,  of  River  Terminal  Company 
employees. 

July  17 — United  States  Food  Board  announces 
96,982,000  pounds  of  beef,  281,335,000  pounds  of 
pork  shipped  abroad  in  May. 

— Nine  thousand  machinists  strike  in  New  Jersey 

—New  York  State  receives  $226,343  from  United 
States  for  vocational  education. 

July  18 — Women  delegates  at  New  York  Republican 
State  Convention  vote  down  resolution  calling  on 
Senator  Wadsworth  to  support  Federal  Suffrage 
Amendment  or  resign. 

— Forty-four  mill  owners,  representing  8100,000,000, 
combine  in  campaign  for  trade  in  South  America. 

— United  States  Government  agrees  to  $50,000,000 
loan  to  China,  conditioned  on  cancelling  of  recent 
loan  of  $10,000,000  by  Japan,  and  the  joining  in 
new  loan  by  United  States,  Great  Britain,  France 
and  Japan. 

— Fuel  Administration  orders  llghtless  nights  4  days 
each  week  in  New  York  and  northeast  Atlantic 
Coast  States;  all  other  United  States  ports  to  be 
llghtless  on  Monday  and  Tuesday  evenings. 


July  18 — GermajQ-owned  Becker  Steel  Compaoiy 
seized  by  United  States. 

July  20 — New  York  Republican  State  Conventioii' 
endorsee  Federal  Suffrage  Amendment. 

— New  York  flour  profiteers  pay  810,000  fine  to 
American  Red  Cross. 

July  21 — Pursuant  to  Mayor  Hylan's  proclamation, 
prayers  of  thanksgiving  are  offered  up  in  New 
York  City  churches. 

— Belgium  Independence  Day  celebrated  at  the  City 
College  of  New  York  Stadium. 

— In  slacker  and  alien  round-up  at  Coney  Island, 
New  York,  653  arrested. 

July  22 — Surgeon  General  Gorgas  a,unounoes  height 
and  weight  standards  for  various  branches  of 
United  States  service. 

— California  Supreme  Court  denies  new  trial  to 
Thomas  J.  Mooney,  convicted  of  participation  in 
bomb  explosion  two  years  ago. 

— Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  forbids  sending  of 
blue  prints,  photographs  or  other  data  from  United 
States  ports  to  neutral  countries. 

July  23 — Mr.  McAdoo  takes  over  Cape  Cod  Canal. 

— United  States  Government  takes  over  turbine 
engine  industry  for  war  purposes;  21  manufactur- 
ers involved. 

. — New  York  City  Public  Service  Commission  grants 
application  of  Interborough  to  issue  $37,000,000 
notes.  They  must  be  sold  at  not  less  than  95%  of 
face  value  and  draw  7%  Interest. 

July  24 — Llghtless  nights  for  New  York  City  go  into 
effect. 

—Arrests  made  by  United  States  offlcials  in  raincoat 
fraud  investigation. 

— Alfred  E.  Smith  of  New  York  City  designated  for 
Governor  in  Democratic  State  Convention. 

— Director  General  McAdoo  announces  increase  in 
wages  to  railroad  shop  men,  a.ssistantq  and  others 
in  mechanical  departments,  retroactive  to  Jan.  1. 
Advance  applies  to  600,000  men  and  adds  $100,- 
000,000  to  the  pay  roll. 

— United  States  destroyer  Ward,  built  at  Mare 
Island  Navy  Yard,  put-  into  commission  70  days 
after  keel  is  laid  (a  world's  record). 

July  25 — Army  takes  over  mail  service  of  expedition- 
ary forces  in  France. 

July  26-=^President  in  statement  to  his  countrymen 
denounces  mob  spirit  and  action. 

— Twenty-one  United  States  indictments  found  for 
army  contract  frauds. 

' — In  New  York  City  United  .States  Indictments  are 
found  against  Western  Union  for  sending  night 
messages  by  train. 

— United  States  Food  Board  reduces  sugar  allowance 
for  August  to  2  pounds  per  person. 

— Secretary  of  War  postpones  enforcement  of  '"work 

1     or  fight"  order  against  baseball  players  to  Sept.  1. 

— California's  Governor  grants  a  reprieve  until  Deq. 
13  to  Thomas  J.  Mooney. 

— Congress  House  Committee  on  Naval  Affairs,  sent 

i  for  tour  of  inspection  of  naval  activities  abroad, 
lands  at  a  British  port. 

July  27 — Duke  Adolph  Frederick  of  Mecklenburg 
accepts  throne  of  Finland. 

—British  munition  strikers  return  to  work  on  prom- 
ise of  Winston  Chm-chill  to  investigate  conditions. 

^Gustav  Kobbe,  music  and  art  critic,  while  sailing 
on  Great  South  Bay  struck  by  wings  of  naval 
hydroplane  and  killed. 
'  —William  P.  Hobby,  Texas  Governor,  wins  in  pri- 
maries over  James  Ferguson,  former  Governor,  re- 
moved after  impeachment-. 

July  28 — Mr.  Hoover  cables  from  London  releasing 
hotels,  clubs  and  restaurants  from  wheat  saving 
pledge  after  Aug.  1. 

— E.  N.  Hurley,  Chairman  of  Federal  Trade  Commis- 
sion, orders  Lakes  Carriers'  Association  to  remedy 
all  grievances  complained  of,  and  strike  of  seamen 
and  firemen  is  called  off. 

July  29 — British  Privy  Council  announce  its  decis- 
ion that  48,000,000  acres  of  land  in  Southern 
Rhodesia  (known  as  Matabele  land)  belongs  to  the 
Crown;  the  British  South  African  Company  will 
continue  to  administer  financial  matters. 

— Administration  approves  of  scheme  for  loan  to 
China  by  British,  Japanese,  French  and  United 

— In  New  York  City  Citizens'  Mitchel  MemoriaJ 
Committee  takes  over  The  World  fund  and  elects 
Theodore  Roosevelt  honorary  and  Cleveland  H. 
Dodge  active  president. 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


11^ 


/lily  29 — United  States  marines  battle  with  Domini- 
can rebels. 
—United  States  authorities  seize  Heyden  Chemical 
worl5S  at  Garfleld,  N.  J.,  as  enemy  alien  property. 
— Newsprint  paper  manufacturers  appeal  to  Trade 

Commission  to  increase  price  of  paper. 
— Lieut.  Bonsai  makes  a  record  aerial  mail  flight, 

PhiladelpliJa  to  Belmont  Paris,  42  minutes. 
July  30— -Major  Gen.  James  G.  Harboard,  former 
Chief  of  StaH  to  Gen.  Pershing,  appointed  head  of 
Supply  Sei-vice  of  United  States  E.-cpeditlonary 
ForcBS 
— At  Ibero,  American  dinner,  Carlos  E.  Restrepo, 
former  President  of  Colombia,   South  America, 
assails  the  Monroe  Doctrine. 
r-Shipplng  Board  asks  for  a  million  tons  of  steel  per 
month  for  next  3  months,  an  increase  of  250,000 
tons  per  month. 
— Capt.  Aubrey  Vaughan  and  2  others  are  indicted 

lor  alleged  army  raincoat  graft. 
— In  New  York  a  State  Advisory  Board  of  5  is  named 
to  aid  Government  scheme  lor  unskilled  labor  con- 
trol. 
— United  States  Steel  Corporation  raises  wages  10%. 
July  31 — In  New  York  City  Fusion  Is  arranged  lor 
between  Democratic  and  Republican  Parties  Jn 
special  Congress  elections,  where  Socialist^  or  pro- 
Germans  were  put  up. 
— Postmaster  General  Burleson  takes  over  all  tele- 
graph and  telephone  wires. 
— In  announcing  details  ot  wage  raise  to  500.000 
shop   men.    Director   General   McAdoo   declares 
there  must  be  no  railroad  strikes  during  the  war. 
— War  Department  orders  510  locomotives  to  cost 
about  825,000,000  lor  use  on  military  roads  in 
France. 
— Navy  Department  calls  Naval  Reserves  to  active 
duty;  women  to  replace  ofBcers  and  men  now  doing 
('iGi'icii.l  work 
— Government   orders  automobile   tire   production 

reduced  50%  lor  60  days. 
Aug.  1 — Russian  Ambassador    Francis    and  Allied 

diplomatist  reach  JMurman.cik. 
Capt.  Vaughan  ol  Quartermaster's  Reserve  Corps 

confesses  share  in  vast  raincoat  fraud. 
— Oyster  Bay,  N.  Y.,  cremates  portrait  of  Kaiser 

Wllhelm. 
— Bonar  Law,  British  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer, 
asks  Parliament  for  war  credit  of  83.500,000,000. 
— Thomas  W.  Lamont,  of  J.  P.  Morgan  &  Co.,  buys 

the  New  York  Evening  Post. 
Avig.    3 — Washington   and    Toklo    announce    that 
United  States  and  Japan  will  co-operate  In  aiding 
the  Czecho-Slovak  forces  in  Siberia. 
— Gen.  Paul  Pau  arrives  with  French  War  Mission 

en  route  to  Australia. 
— A  minor  official  ot  Shipping  Board  Is  one  of  three 
held  on  charge  ol  attempted  profiteering  in  ship- 
building. 
— ^Mayor  Hylan,  New  York,  Inspects  shuttle  service 
of  new  subway  system  and  suggests  construction  of 
passages  under  station  at  transfer  points   to  pre- 
vent congestion. 
— The  two  major  baseball  leagues  agree  to  end  cham- 
pionship season  on  Sept.  2,  and  to  hold  World's 
Championship  Series  to  begin  Sept.  3. 
Aug.  4 — Thousands  attend  special  services  at  Old 
'Trinity,  New  York  City,  in  observance  of  fourth 
anniversary  of  Great  Britain's  entrance  into  the 
war. 
— Mayor  Hylan  refuses  to  support  proposal  of  Far- 
mers' National  Committee  to  seize  large  incomes 
and  says  the  President  and  Secretary  McAdoo  are 
able  to  manage  national  finances. 
— ^The  International   Harvester   Company  drops  its 

appeal  and  proceed-s  to  dissolve. 
Aug.  5 — War  Industries  Board  lists  paper  mills  as  es- 
sential IndustiT,  but  exacts  pledge  from  newspaper 
to  cut  down  15%;  on  Sunday  edition,  20% 
—Capt.  Vaughan,  indicted  lor  raincoat  Irauds,  In  a 
confession  names  high  officials  in  United    States 
and  American  Rubber  Company. 
—Federal  indictments  are  lound  against  Pennsylva- 
nia Railroad,  Swift  &  Co.  and  Armour  &  Co.  on 
charge  of  giving  and  receiving  rebates. 
Aug.  6 — The  French  Senate  finds  former  Minister  of 
Interior,  Louis  Malay,  guilty  ol  holding  communi- 
cation with  the  enemy,  and  sentences  him  to  5 
years'  banishment. 
—Col.  Henry  Watterson,  editor  of  Louisville  Cou'ier- 
Journal  for  50  years,  retires  from  active  newspaper 
work. 


Aug.  6 — France  rewards  Gen.  Foch  with  the  baton 
ol  a  Marshal  ol  France. 

Aug.  7 — Archangel,  Russia,  organizes  a  Government 
lor  the  region  ol  the  north  and  claims  to  be  ready 
to  assume  diplomatic  and  economiwvl  relations  with 
loreign  powers. 

— United  States  agentg  In  New  York  City,  Reading, 
Pa.,  and  Chicago,  111.,  raid  residences  and  offices 
lor  evidence  of  extensive  German  propaganda 
plots. 

— A  committee  ol  the  War  Industries  Board  arrives 
in  London. 

— New  York  experiences  hottest  day  In  history;  mer- 
cury registers  102  degrees. 

— Former  Gov.  Joseph  W.  Folk  ol  Missouri  wins 
Senatorial  nomination.  In  Kansas,  Republicans 
nominate  Gov.  Capper  lor  Senate.  In  Oklahoma 
Democrats  nominate  Senator  Owen. 

Aug.  9 — War  Industries  Board  advises  automobile 
manufactiu'ers  to  convert  their  plants  to  100% 
war  work  before  Jan.  1,  1919. 

— Lloyd  George,  British  Premier,  tells  North  Wales 
audience  he  sees  "end  ol  tunnel"  and  "the  approach 
into  broad  daylight  ol  God's  sunlight  again." 

— War  Department  offers  aid  in  taking  soldiers' 
votes,  but  says  lew  States  have  the  necessary  laws 
to  enable  this  to  be  done.  One  million  voters  in 
American  army  In  France  wlU  probably  lose  their 
votes  in  Fall  primaries  and  elections. 

— Alien  Property  Custodian  proposes  to  sell  at  auc- 
tion property  of  4  alien  business  concerns  and  part 
of  a  filth  valued  at  32,500,000. 

— Reinspection  ol  55,000  raincoats,  accepted  by  Capt. 
Vaughan,  shows  28,625  are  useless. 

— Under  a  Government  ruling  employers  engaged  In 
war  work  not  allowed  to  advertise  lor  unskilled 
labor. 

— John  Wanamaker,  New  York  City,  advertises  that 
beginning  Aug.  12  hours  of  his  stores  shall  be  trom 
10  A.  M.  to  4.30  P.  M. 

— Roy  Meyers,  a  steeplejack,  called  the  "Human 
Fly,"  wliiie  performing  In  aid  ot  Red  Cross  at 
Joliet,  111.,  is  killed  by  falling  irom  Court  House 
cupola. 

Aug.  11 — The  President  calls  upon  coal  miners  to 
speed  up  production,  and  asks  every  man  to  work 
the  lull  number  ol  work  hours  each  week. 

— Administration  warns  against  expected  insincere 
new  German  peace  drive. 

— New  York  City  Police  Commissioner,  in  report  to 
Mayor,  says  increasing  the  age  limit  will  deplete 
till  6  f  orcp 

— George  Ehret,  whose  84,000,000  estate  is  taken 
over  by  Alien  Property  Custodian,  arrives  from 
Germany  on  Norwegian  steamship. 

— Irish  Unionist  leaders  send  an  address  to  Presi- 
dent Wilson  in  reply  to  the  appeal  of  the  Dublin 
Mansion  House  anti-conscription  conlerence. 

Aug.  12-r-Eight  hundred  labor  agencies  are  hit  by 
order  forbidding  firms  to  accept  contracts  lor  un- 
skilled labor  Irom  war  plants. 

— Director  General  McAdoo  orders  immediate  dis- 
continuance ol  sale  ol  liquor  in  dining  cars,  restau- 
rants and  railroad  stations  under  Fredeal  control 

Aug  13 — President  calls  Cabinet  meeting  to  discuss 
Atlantic  coast  submarine  activities.  By  proclama- 
tion the  President  makes  operative  provisions  ol 
act  designed  to  prevent  loreign  interests  control- 
ling American  shipping. 

— Steamer  St.  Helena  strikes  submerged  rock  in 
Harbor  Creek  of  Napacrede,  Cal.;  fills  and  sinks. 

— The  British  Government  formally  recognizes  the 
Czecho-Slovaks  as  an  allied  nation.. 

— Mexico  declines  to  accept  England's  protest  against 

oil  t^X  lD.cr6£iS6 

— National  War  Labor  Board,  In  case  of  Bethlehem 
Sted  Co.  grants  workers  right  to  organize  and  to 
bargain  collectively. 

— First  woman  Marine  Corps  recruit,  Opha  M.  John- 
son, sworn  in  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

Aug.  14 — Representatives  of  railroad  securities  point 
out  to  Director  General  terms  they  wish  ordered 
in  Government  contracts. 

— The -President  orders  a  registration  Aug  24  ol  ali 
men  who  have  reached  21  since  June  5. 

— In  New  York  City  wind  and  rain  storm  unroofed 
houses  In  Riverside  Drive,  smashed  windows  and 
drove  a  loreign  warship  ashore  in  Hudson  River. 

— Ohio  primaries  decided  on  Frank  B.  Willis  (Rep.) 
and  James  M.  Cox  (Dem.)  Governorship  oppon- 
ents lor  third  time. 


774 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


Aug.  14 — Supreme  Court  Justice  Benedict  enjoins 
Brooklyn  Borough  Gas  Company  from  raising 
price  of  gas. 

— Ed  Gier'a  Bmsiloff  wins  $2,000  purse  at  Phlladel- 
pUla  Grand  Circuit  and  is  paid  in  Liberty  Bonds. 

— Steamers  Corning  arid  Hero  collide  off  Pier  12, 
Brooklyn;  Hero  sinks;  no  lives  lost. 

— Washington  despatch  announces  Joseph  Pulitzer, 
jr.,  editor  St.  Louis  Post-Dispatch,  enrolled  in 
Naval  Aviation  Corps,  assigned  to  ground  service 
on  account  of  defective  vision. 

— Food  riots  in  Tokio  and  other  Japanese  cities; 
Cabinet  appropriates  5,000^0  yen  to  purchase 
rice  for  distribution.  Emperor  contributes 
3,000,000  yen  to  National  Rice  Fund. 

Aug.  15 — Robert  Fay,  agent  of  German  plotters,  es- 
caped from  Atlanta  Prison,  is  captured  in  Spain 
and  returns  -without  extradition. 

— In  New  York  City  Mayor  Hylan  names  Sunday, 
Sept.  1,  as  "Hero's  Day,"  when  city  will  honor 
men  who  have  fallen  in  battle. 

— Six  hundred  alleged  "slackers"  arrested  at  Atlantic 
City,  N.  J.;  many  attempt  to  escape  by  jumping 
from  piers. 

• — Police  CommissioDer  Enright,  New  York,  names  6 
women  for  regular  police  duty. 

Aug.  15 — New  York  State  Fuel  Adminlsti'ator  an- 
nounces New  York  has  ample  supply  of  coal. 

Aug.  16 — The  mine  union  heads  favor  abolition  of 
system  of  bonuses  and  general  flat  increase  in 
wages  to  Increase  coal  output. 

— Secretary  Daniels  Issues  order  prohibiting  use  of 
alcohol  at  navy  camps,  except  as  medicine. 

Aug.  17 — United  States  Government  seizes  estate  of 
Gottfried  Krueger,  Newark  brewer,  valued  at 
millions,  under  Trading  With  the  Enemy  Act. 

— One  hundred  I.  W.  W.  members,  including  William 
D.  Haywood,  after  trial  of  138  days,  convicted  in 
Chicago  of  conspiring  to  block  the  war. 

— Jacob  H.  Gallinger,  oldest  member  of  United  States 
Senate  in  years  and  in  service,  dies  in  Franklin, 
N-  H.  ^,  ,       , 

j^ug.  18 — Shipping  Board  s  report  on  marine  losses 
shows  only  10  vessels  sunk;  premiums  paid  exceed 

■ — The  President  enjoys  a  real  day  of  rest  at  Man- 
chester, Mass. 

— William  L.  Ward,  Republican  leader  in  Westchester 
County,  N.  Y.,  is  unexpectedly  opposed  by  women 
voters. 

— New  York  health  officials  agree  there  is  little  dan- 
ger of  Spanish  influenza  epidemic. 

— Deouty  Attorney  General  Becker  says  German 
plots  in  America  began  as  far  back  as  1909,  and 
noted  German-Americans  tried  to  purchase  a 
metropolitan  newspaper  shortly  after  war   began. 

■ — In  round-up  near  Herapsted,  L.  I.,  4  men  and  3 
women  arrested  on  suspicion  of  being  dangerous 

— United  States  Government  decides  to  build  homes 
for  war  workers  to  avoid  rent  profiteero. 

Aug.  lO^German  Embassy  arrives  in  Petrograd 
from  Moscow,  accompanied  by  800  German  sol- 
diers in  Russian  uniforms., 

— Steamer  I»rotenis  sunk  by  colUsion  with  steamer 
Gushing  off  Diamond  Shoal,  1  coal  passer  drowned. 

— Dr.  Frederick  Pridhaxis  of  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital, 
Baltimore,  Md.,  announces  discovery  of  cm'e  for 
rheumatism  and  bone  and  joint  diseases. 

■ — Japanese  authorized  by  Imperial  ordinance  to 
requisition  rice  and  put  it  on  market. 

Aug.  20 — Germany  begins  extensive  programme  of 
merchant  marine  reconstruction  to  replace  ton- 
nage lost  during  the  war. 

— Salesmen's  campaign  for  S25,000,000  in  W.  S.  S. 
opens  in  Carnegie  Hall,  New  York  City. 

— New  York  Women's  Land  Army  begins  campaign 
at  Albany  to  round  up  farmerettes  to  harvest  the 
crops.  1 

— Two  women  candidates  win  Supreme  Court  deci- 
sions in  New  York  City. 

— Twenty  people  reported  to  have  lost  lives  through 
upsetting  of  a  canoeing  party  oH  Rockaway  Point. 
New  York. 

Aug.  21 — Mine  sweeper  Montauk  wrecked  by  gale;  2 
dead;  5  missing. 

— Army  tran-sport  Lake  Edon  sunk  by  U  boat  In 
foreign  waters;  16  missing. 

Aug  '22 — Spanish  official  warns  his -people  "keep 
step  with  America  or  perish.  "  and  declares  Spam 
.,  must  wake  from  dream  ol  German  victory. 


Aug.  22 — United  States-  Govermnent  appeals  to 
people  to  forego  aU.  noa-^essentials  to  overcome 
labor  shortage.  ^^ 

— Shipping  Board  announces  1,500,000  tons  added 
to  United  States  mercantile  marine  up  to  Aug.  1. 

— Seventeen  dealers  In  Ne.w  York  City  found  guilty 
of  violating  food  rules,  stores  are  closed,  fines  Im- 
posed, sugar  licenses  revoked. 

— Uruguayan  Mission,  headed  by  Dr.  Baltazar  Brum, 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  arrives  In  Washington. 

— War  Industries  Board  orders  text  book  publishers 
to  cut  their  normal  annual  output  50%. 

Aug.  23 — Draft  register  day  for  those  who  have  be- 
come 21  since  June  5;  7,074  register. 

— War  Industries  Board  shuts  oH  supply  of  Steel  from 
all  civilian  industries. 

Aug.  24 — Justice  Mayer  of  United  States  District 
Court,  in  freeing  owners  of  Lusitania  from  liability 
for  damage  suits,  holds  that  she  was  sunk  by  a 
pirate,  was  unarmed  and  carried  no  explosives. 

— The  Saccarappa,  cargo  carrier  (7,500  tons), 
launched  at  Hog  Island  in  Delaware  River. 

— Steam  line  bursts  on  United  States  transport  in 
port;  8  killed. 

— Mayor  Hylan,  New  York  City,  writes  an  Associa- 
tion of  City  Editors  attacking  the  press  in  general 
and  New  York  papers  in  particular,  charging  their 
control  by  special  interests,  and  recommending 
signed  editorials. 

— Knights  of  Columbus  week  lor  W.  S.  S.  drive  be- 
gins at  Coney  Island,  N.  Y. 

Aug.  25 — Spain  to  extend  credit  of  8100,000,000  to 
United  States  if  security  is  guaranteed  by  cotton 
exporters. 

— Department  of  Labor  Employment  Service  says 
lack  ol  skilled  labor  threatens  United  States  naval 
programme  and  some  war  industries. 

— Fishing  steamer  George  Hudson  sinks  off  Watch 
Hill,  R.  I.;  no  lives  lost. 

— New  York  candidates  for  Governor  all  say  "yes  to 
Suffragists'  questions. 

— Chicago  Cubs  win  pennant  In  National  League. 

— Manufacture  of  passenger  automobiles  for  second 
half  of  year  reduced  to  25%  of  entire  1917  output. 

— Theodore  Roosevelt  distributes  liis  Nobel  Peace 
Prize  Fund  among  various  charities. 

— Packers  denounce  United  States  Trade  Commission 
report  on  packing  industry. 

— Assistant  Attorney  General,  Alfred  L.  Becker,  says 
certain  neutral  and  United  States  correspondents 
were  tricked  into  spreading  German  propaganda, 
even  after  United  States  entered  the  war. 

Aug.  26 — Theodore  Roosevelt  in  address  at  Spring- 
field, 111.,  urges  speeding  up  of  war  programme; 
preparation  to  solve  social  problems  after  the  war, 
and  warns  against  new  pacifist  peace  drive  soon  to 
be  launched. 

— Two  United  States  seaplanes  crash  in  fog  off  Fire 
Island  Lightship;  3  of  crew  are  missing. 

— Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  announces  the  add- 
ing of  1,725,731  tons  of  shipping  since  war  was  de- 
clared. 

— The  firm  of  Leggett  Company  Is  ordered  to  pay 
31,400  to  the  Red  Cro.ss  as  a  penalty  for  exceeding 
margin  of  flour  profit. 

Aug.  27 — In  skirmish  with  Mexican  smugglers  at 
Nogales,  1  United  Soldier  killed,  2  wounded;  heavy 
casualties  among  Mexicans  reported. 

— Steamer  Tempest  sinks  about  4  miles  off  Erie 
Harbor. 

— The  United  States  Deputy  Attorney  General  re- 
veals Dr.  Rumeley  as  head  of  scheme  that  duped 
American  College  professors  into  aiding  German 
propaganda. 

— Fuel  Administration  requests  automobile  motor- 
cycle and  motor  boat  owners  to  refrain  from  Sun- 
day use. 

— Secretary  Baker  appoints  John  D  Ryan,  or  New 
York.  Second  Assistant  Secretary  ol  War  and  head 
of  Bureau  of  Aircraft  Production  and  makes  Bene- 
dict Crowell  First  Assistant  Secretary.  Director 
of  Munitions. 

— Walter  Hines  Page  United  States  Ambassador  to 
Great  Britain,  resigns  on  account  of  ill  nealth 

— The  Frencb  decorate  grave  of  Qucutin  Roosevelt. 

— Kermit  Roosevelt  receives  Military  Cross 

— Food  .Administration  rules  only  bakery  products 
containing  at  least  20%  wheat  suostltutes  will  be 
permitted  alter  Sept    1 

— Congressman  Frank  P  Woods  resigns  as  Chairman 
of  Congressional  Republican  Committee 


General  Chronology— Continued. 


775 


Aug.  28 — Samuel  Gompers  and  party  arrive  In  Eng- 
land. 

—War  Industries  Board  announces  scheme  for  ex- 
tending financial  aid  to  industries  forced  to  curtail 
on  account  of  war  and  to  obtain  draft  exemptions 
of  men  needed  In  essential  industries. 

— Railroad  Administration  says  5  Government  ticltet 
offices  will  open  in  New  York  City  in  September, 
replacing  48  separate  railroad  offices. 

—Dr.  Rumeley  is  named  as  leader  in  scheme  to  tie 
up  shipping  and  hamper  Allies  from  receiving  sup- 
plies from  United  States. 

— President  Carranza  of  Mexico  disavows  acts  of 
soldiers  at  Nogales. 

— Senator  OlUe  M.  James  of  Kentuclcy  dies  in  Balti- 
more. 

— Capital  Issues  Committee  appoints  Vigilance  De- 
partment to  check  wildcat  speculation  and  super- 
vise financial  enterprises. 

Aug.  29 — Government  decides  to  stop  voluntary  en- 
listment in  Army,  Navy  and  Marine  Corps:  men 
for  the  3  services  will  be  taken  by  Local  Draft 
Boards. 

—Labor  Department  statistics  show  increased  cost 
of  hving  in  New  York  between  July,  1917,  and 
July,  1918,  17%. 

— Alien  Property  Custodian  takes  over  4  firms,  Bre- 
men Tobacco  Company,  and  53,000,000  worth  of 
leaf  tobacco. 

^Submarine  chaser  is  sunk  off  Fire  Island,  with  loss 
of  16. 

— Martial  law  ends  sniping  at  Nogales,  Tex. 

— New  York  City  Grand  Jury  investigates  escape  of 
Vincemt  GaHney  from'  Tombs  Prison  and  criticises 
police. 

— The  Bologau  and  Uugaya  are  launched  at  Kearny, 
N.  J. 

— Police  Field  Day  at  Sheepshead  Bay;  400  Perslilng 
veterans,  including  11  of  "Fighting  69tli,"  present. 

— The  War  and  State  Departments  warn  American 
public  against  overconfldence. 

— Fuel  Administration  asks  for  voluntary  observance 
of  motorless  Sunday,  applying  only  to  pleasure 
trips. 

— At  dinner  in  London  to  United  States  Labor  Mis- 
sion, Premier  Lloyd  George  toasts  Samuel  Gompers. 

— William  D.  Haywood  and  94  members  of  I.  W.  W. 
are  sentenced  to  long  prison  terms  by  United  States 
Court  in  Chicago. 

— New  York  busine63  men  welcome  commercial  men 
from  Uruguay. 

— United  States  Revenue  agents  seize  486  stills  and 
arrest  200  moonshiners. 

— Albert  Rathbone  of  New  York  named  Assistant 
Secretary  of  Treasury. 

Aug.  31 — The  President,  by  proclamation,  names 
Sept.  12  registration  day  for  selective  draft  for  men 
18  to  45  inclusive. 

— The  President  affirms  action  of  Courts  Martial  in 
Washington  Nesblt  and  Tillman  cases  (Houston 
riot),  ordering  commutation  of  10  death  sentences 
to  life  imprisonment  as  a  "recognition  of  the  splen- 
did loyalty  of  the  race  to  which  these  soldiers 
belong." 

— Boiler  of  tomng  steamer  Glen  Cove  explodes  in 
Wallabout  Canal,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  kills  4  of  crew. 

— Edward  Thomas  Williams  retires  as  Chief  of  Divis- 
ion of  Far  Eastern  Affairs  of  State  Department  to 
become  Agassiz  Professor  of  Oriental  languages 
and  Literature  at  California  University;  succeeded 
by  Ransford  S.  Miller,  Consul  General  at  Seoul. 

Sept.  1 — The  President  In  annual  Labor  Day  mes- 
sage appeals  to  workers,  says  "This  is  labor's  war, 
the  Nation  is  taking  counsel  with  no  special  class, 
serving  no  private  or  single  interest."  Use  of  new 
"Victory"  flour,  only  20%  substitute  for  wheat, 
goes  into  effect.  First  "motorless  Sunday"  hi 
New  York  City.  Steamer  Ivy  takes  fire  and  sinks 
near  Algona,  Mich.  Director  General  McAdoo  ap- 
points H.  B.  Walker  Federal  Manager  of  coastwise 
steamship  Unes.  Orders  railroad  officials  and  em- 
ployees not  to  become  membere  of  poUtical  organ- 
izations or  committees. 

Sept.  2 — The  President,  by  proclamation,  names 
guaranteed  prices  for  wheat,  ranging  from  $2.20 
per  bushel  in  the  extreme  West  to  S2.39H  per 
bushel  at  New  York,  N.  Y.;  Kansas  City.  Mo., 
$2  18.  Steamer  St.  Louis  strikes  hidden  obstruc- 
tion and  sinks  in  Mississippi  River;  1  passenger 
missing. 


Sept.  3 — Secretary  of  State  Lansing  announces  recog- 
nition of  Czecho-Slovak  National  Council  as  a  de 
facto  belUgerent  government.  Gov.  Whitman  and 
Alfred  E.  Smith  win  easily  In  New  York  Governor- 
ship primaries.  In  New  York  City  slacker  round- 
up of  30,000  arrested,  1,000  prove  to  be  slackers. 

Sept.  4 — Thousands  are  rounded  up  In  New  York 
City's  second  day's  raid  on  draft  law  evaders. 
Federal  officials  seize  American  Transatlantic  Com- 
pany and  millions  of  dollars  worth  of  ocean-going 
vessels.  United  States  ship  construction  for  August 
passed  340,000  dead  weight  tons,  a  world's  record 
lor  1  month. 

Sept.  5 — Director  General  McAdoo  issues  supple- 
ments 7  and  8  to  General  Order  No.  27,  deahng 
with  questions  of  pay  and  hours  ol  work;  the  sup- 
plements affect  nearly  one  million  railroad  em- 
ployees; wage  increases  amount,  as  compared  with 
Jan.  1,  1918,  to  S25  per  month  for  employees  paid 
on  monthly  basis,  and  12  cents  per  hour  for  those 
on  hourly  basis.  Voluntary  enUstments  in  United 
States  Army  discontinued,  except  for  men  over  46 
for  departmental  service. 

Sept.  6 — Alien  Property  Custodian  says  he  has  taken 
over  American  Trans-Atlantic  Company  and  For- 
eign Transport  and  Mercantile  Corporation  as 
German  owned;  valued  at  $7,000,000.  United 
Fruit  Company's  liner  Almirante  is  sunk  in  col- 
lision with  Navy  tender  Hisco  oft  Cape  May;  6 
lives  lost. 

Sept.  7 — Food,  Fuel  and  Railroad  Administrations 
and  Wai'  Industries  Board  agree  that  manufacture 
of  beer  must  cease  after  Dec.  1.  Steamsblp  Piave 
launched  at  Kearny,  N.  J.;  Osakio  (7,500-ton 
freighter)  at  Arlington,  N.  J.,  and  Falcon  (mine- 
sweeper) in  Harlem  River. 

Sept.  8 — Chairman  Baruch,  War  Industries  Board, 
makes  new  priorities  list;  classification  governs  fuel 
supply,  transportation,  material,  capital  and  labor, 
and  is  basis  for  industrial  exemptions  from  draft; 
fuel  for  residences,  apartment  houses,  restaurants 
and  hotels  is  in  Class  1.  Director  General  Mc- 
Adoo's  report  to  the  President  made  public  shows: 
steam  railroad  mileage,  377,014  miles,  owned  or 
controlled  by  2,905  companies,  employing  1,700,814 
persons;  Inland  waterway  system  includes  67 
canals,  4,507  miles  In  length,  many  thousands  of 
miles  of  navigable  riyers,  lakes,  bays,  sounds  and 
inlets.  Ninety-nine  inen  from  New  York  district 
qualify  for  officers'  commissions.  New  York  City's 
second  motorless  Sunday. 

Sept.  7  and  9 — United  States  Marines  In  clash  kill 
at  least  20  Dominican  bandits;  on  9th  kill  3;  no 
United  States  losses. 

Sept.  9 — Provost  Marshal  Crowder  issues  regulations 
as  to  deferred  classification  in  agricultural  and  in- 
dustrial occupation. 

— Mrs.  Rose  Pastor  Stokes,  one  of  seven  arrested  for 
contempt  of  court  for  applauding  speech  of  Debs's 
attorney  at  trial  of  Socialist  leader  for  alleged  vio- 
lation of  Espionage  Act,  at  Cleveland,  O. 

— Clothing  Workers'  Union  demands  8-hour  day  from 
uniform  manufacturers. 

— The  President  issues  statement  regretting  that 
delicate  international  questions  prevent'  his  ab- 
sence from  Washington  and  necessitate  his 
abandonment  of  contemplated  tour  ol  country  in 
interest  of  Fourth  Liberty  Loan. 

— Miss  Lillian  G.  Jones  becomes  first  woman  bank 
cashier  in  New  York;  she  heads  branch  ol  National 
Bank  of  Cuba  In  New  York  City. 

— At  opening  of  school  year  in  New  York  City  there 
Is  estimated  increase  of  50,000  in  pupil  enrolment. 

— Postmaster  CJeneral  Burleson  takes  steps  to  use 
post  offices  for  telegraph  service. 

— Republicans  win  all  offices  in  Maine  election;  a 
gain  of  1  Congressman. 

Sept.  10 — First  postal  airplane  trip  In  one  day  from 
Chicago  to  New  York,  12  hours  55  minutes;  actual 
flying  time,  10  hours  5  minutes.  New  high  power 
radio  station,  most  powerful  In  United  States. 
opened  at  Aimapolis,  Md.  United  Stales  leases 
Grand  Central  Palace.  New  York  City,  lor  sur- 
gical reconstruction  hospital  for  period  of  war  and 
3  months  after,  at  $395,000  per  year. 

— Provost  Marshal  General  Crowder  says  youths  19 
and  20  and  men  32  to  36  Inclusive  will  be  called 
first  in  the  new  draft;  he  urges  registrants  and  em- 
ployees to  file  claims  for  deferred  Industrial  classl- 
flcatioQ  for  guidance  of  exemption  boards. 


776 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


Sept.  10 — Secretary  ot  Treasury  McAdoo,  in  letter, 
indorses  Alfred  E.  Smith  lor  New  York  Govemor- 
Bbip. 
— Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  orders  zone  fare  system 
and  collection  of  double  fares.  Mayor  Hylan  de- 
clares city  will  fight  any  attempt  to  increase  street 
car  fares.  » 

— Signal  Corps  photographers  "film"  6  United  States 
aviators  in  circus  stunts  2,000  feet  above  Mitchel 
Field. 
— New  York  Public  Service  Commission  orders  rail- 
way company  to  continue  night  schedules. 
— Capt.  Dingle  and  his  dog  reach  Hamilton,  Ber- 
muda, after  3  weeks'  sail  in  his  yawl. 
Sept.   11 — Bernard  Baruch,  Chairman  War  Indus- 
tries Board,  says  by  Inter-allled  pooling  agreement 
United  States  wiU  receive  80,000  tons  ol  pig  tm, 
or  two-thirds  of  world  production. 
—Miss  Wanda  Kreutzinger  is  arrested  as  spy  in  main 

operating  room  of  Postal  Telegraph  Company. 
— Two  hundred  army  promotions  are  announced  at 
Camp  Upton;  Majors,  Captains  and  First  Lieu- 
tenants, mostly  New  YorK.men. 
— Right  Rev.  Charles  Gore,  Bishop  of  Oxford,  and 
Rev.  Dr.  Arthur  T.  Gathry  arrive  from  England 
to  preach  on  moral  alms  ol  the  war. 
— Bridgeport  munition  strikers  vote  not  to  return  to 

work,  ignoring  order  ol  their  president.    ■ 
— Medill  McCormlck  wins  over  Mayor  Thompson  of 
Chicago  In  primaries  lor  Republican    nomination 
lUinois    Senatorship;    Mayor    Thompson    carries 
Chicago  by  37,000  plurality;   Congressman  Mc- 
Cormlck gets  State  plurality  of  68,000. 
— The  President  demands  explanation  from  Will  T. 
Hays,  Chairman  ol  Republican  National  Commit- 
tee, as  to  alleged  charge  by  Mr.  Hays  that  Mr. 
Wilson  was  willing  to  compromise  the  war  with 
Germany. 
— Gov.  Whitman  wins  in  Prohibition  primaries. 
— Gen.  Pedro  A.  Seay  selected  new  President  ol 

Panama. 
Sept.  12 — Eugene  V.  Debs  Is  convicted  by  Federa; 
jury  m  Cleveland,  O.,  ol  violating  the  Espionage 
Act. 
Sept.  13 — Censorship  Board  orders  that  all  cable- 
grams alter  Oct.  1  must  be  in  plain  language;  no 
codes   or   cipher.     Supreme   Court  Judge  Finch, 
New  York  City,  sustains  habeas  corpus  and  Irees 
W.  H.  Childs,  Fusion  campaign  manager,  ol  charge 
ol  violation  ol  election  law. 
— The  President  warns  Bridgeport  strikers  rejection 
ol  War  Board  award  was  disloyal;  lailure  to  re- 
spect decision  would  place  them  in  military  ser- 
vice.    The   Government   commandeers   Smith   & 
Wesson  arms  plant  because  a  similar  award  was 
ignored. 
— Prol.  Thomas  G.  Masaryk,  head  ol  Czecho-Slovak 
Provisional   Government,    opens   headquarters   in 
Vanderbilt  Hotel,  New  York  City. 
— Scattered  returns  Irom   10  States  indicate  dralt 

registration  8.5  per  cent,  larger  than  estimated. 
— Railroad    Administration    instructs    directors    to 
claim  exemption  lor  executive  and  skilled  workers; 
it  is  estimated  this  will  affect  two-thirds  ol  two 
million  railroad  employees. 
— Surgeon  Gen.  Blue  ol  Public  Health  Service  issues 
advice  to  public  and  physicians  as  to  methods  ot 
avoiding  and  combating  Spanish  influenza. 
— Republicans  drop  State  campaign  to  devote  ener- 
gies ol  party  to  aiding  Liberty  Loan. 
— Democratic  New  Yorlc  State  Chairman  says  Gov. 
Whitman's  sincerity  In  support  ol  Prohibition  will 
be  an  issue  in  campaign. 
—President  says  that  alter  War  Industries  Board 
completes  inquiry  into  general  cotton  conditions 
lair  price  lor  raw  cotton  will  be  fixed,  11  such  action 
be  necessary.  ' 

— First  completed  instrument  under  amended  Tor- 

rens  law  placed  on  file  In  New  York  County. 
Sept.  15 — Karl  Buenz,  Managing  Director  in  United 
States  of  Hamburg-American  Steamship  Company, 
is  sent  to  Federal  Penitentiary,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  lor 
making  lalse  manllestos,  thus  sending  material  to 
Germany,  dies  in  prison,  aged  75. 
Sept.  16 — London  and  Paris  press  defines  Austrian 

peace  proposal  as  German  trick  to  gain  time. 
•—A  movement   develops   In  Harbin  to  lorm  Polish 
Army  ol  100,000  trained  soldiers  to  fight  in  Siberia 
as  part  ol  American  Army. 


Sept.  16 — Council  lor  Defense  women  attack  New 
York   Times   peace   editorial.     Capt.   Vaughn   is 
charged  with  collecting  5%  from  raincoat  makers 
for  contract  rights.    War  Labor  Board  approves 
8-hour  day  for  workers  in  war  plants.     Arthur 
Brisbane    says    C.    W.    Felgenspan,    a    Newark 
brewer,   loaned   him   S375,000,   part  of   purchase 
price  ol  Washington  dally.    French  Training  Mis- 
sion ol  13  officers  arrives  from  front  to  teach  newest 
methods  ol  signalling,  tactics  and   tank  manoeu- 
vring.    France  joins  Italy,  Spain  and  Portugal  in 
protest  to  United  States  against  provision  in  War 
Prohibition     Bill    lorblddlng    wme    importation. 
500  refugees  Irom  Russia  reach  Haparanda;  among 
them  60  American  and  British  civilians.    Secretary 
Redfleld  recommends  Government  owned  deep  sea 
canal  system  Irom  Boston  to  South  Atlantic  States. 
Secretary  Daniels  tells  Annapolis  graduating  class 
ol  646  ensigns  that  Allied  victories  is  cause  ol  Cen- 
tral  Powers'  peace  whine.     Complete  registrant 
returns  Irom  31  States  and  District  ol  Columbia 
total  27,902  over  Gen,  Crowder's  estimate.    Ship- 
ping Board  Sanitation  Chlel  says  German  U  boat 
brought  over  Spanish  influenza  germs. 
— Steel  makers  authorize  General  Committee  ol  Iron 
and  Steel  Institute  to  ask  War  Industries  Board 
lor  new  advanced  price. 
— Bridgeport    munition    strikers  vote    to  return  to 
work;  send  letter  to  President  Wilson    pledging 
loyalty,  but  declaring  they  have  been  "sacrificed." 
— Dralt  calls  issued  lor  181,838  men  to  report  to 
camp  by  Oct.  16;  lew  registered  Sept.  12  affected; 
most  boards  have  enough  other  registrants     to 
supply  quota.    New  York's  quota,  12,000,  goes  to 
Camp  Wadsworth. 
— Charles  E.  Chapin  shot  and  killed  his  wile  in  their 
rooms  at  Hotel  Cumberland,  Broadway  and  54th 
Street,  New  York  City.    He  was  suffering  from  a 
nervous  breakdown.    Alter  wandering  some  hours 
gives  hlmsell  up  to  the  police. 
— At  celebration  ol  Yom  Kippur  in  many  ol  the  syna- 
gogues prayers  were  offered  for  the  recovery  ol 
Cardinal  Far\ey. 
— Lleuts.  E.  H.  Austin  and  C.  L.  Kinney,  jr.,  army 
aviators,  die  in  action  while  doing  tumbles,  tall 
spins,  etc.,  1,000  feet  above  crowd  ol  watching  per- 
sons in  Flatbush. 
— Rabbis  turn  Jewish  Atonement  into  day  ol  rejoic- 
ing because  Jerusalem  is  taken  from  the  Turks. 
— President  assures  committee  of  Democratic  women 
that  ho  will  urge  the  passage  ol  Federal  Suffrage 
Amendment. 
Sept.   17 — Aviator  Miller,  with  Aviator  Newton  as 
passenger,  breaks  record  lor  mail  flight;  Washing- 
ton to  Plilladeli)hla,  1  hour  24  minutes  (rale  91J4 
miles  per  hour);   Philadelphia  to  New  York.  43 
minutes  {rate  125 H  miles  per  hour);  Washington 
to  New  York,  Including  Philadelphia  stop,  2  hours 
14  minutes  (102  miles  per  hour) ;  actual  flying  speed 
108  miles  per  hour. 
Sept.  18 — Capt.  E.  W.  Schroeder,  at  Wilbur  Wright 
Field,  near  Dayton,  O.,  makes  record  altitude  flight 
(28,900  leet) . 
Sept.  19 — War  Department  says  army  death  rate 

from  disease  Is  2.18  per  1,000  annually. 
— War  Trade  Board  concludes  shipping  agreement 
with  Denmark;  agreement  assures  Denmark  sup- 
ply ol  loodstuffs,  metals,  machinery,  chemicals, 
etc.,  none  to  be  exported  by  Denmark  to  Central 
Powers  or  neutral  countries. 
— United  States  Railroad  Administration  fixes  mini- 
mum wage  scale  lor  railroad  clerks  and  other  sta- 
tion workers,  retroactive  to  Sept.  1. 
— Alien  Property  Custodian  Palmer  makes  public 
documentary  evidence  that  Arthur  Brisbane  last 
summer  bought  the  Washington  Times  with 
8375,000  contributed  by  15  brewers,  most  ol  them 
ol  German  blood. 
— Prince  Axel  ol  Denmark  at  head  of  Naval  Commis- 
sion, arrives  at  Washington  as  guests  ol  United 
States  Navy.  Cardinal  Farley's  body  is  brought 
Irom  summer  Mamaroneck  home  in  motor  hearse, 
preceded  and  loUowed  by  60  cars  bearing  dis- 
tinguished priests,  prelates  and  laymen;  at  head  ol 
line  was  4  companies  ol  69th  Regiment;  auto  cars 
proceeded  down  Boston  Road  through  Larchmont, 
New  Rochelle,  Pelham.  Mount  Vernon  and  the 
Bronx,  across  149th  Street  Bridge  to  the  Cathedral: 
miles  ol  streets  peopled  with  Catholics,  Jews  ana 
Protestanta,  all  with  .uncovered  reverential  heads>'. 


Ueneral  Chronology— Continued. 


777 


Sept.  19 — New  York  State  registrations  exceed  esti- 
mate of  1,345,457  by  12,000. 
■—Albert  Strauss  succeeds  Paul  M.  Warburg  as  mem- 

bw  ol  Federal  Reserve  Board. 
— Capt.  Frazler,  Assistant  Director  American  expe- 
ditionary loroes  at  Tours,  France,  issues  statement 
as  to  causes  of  delay  in  malls;  Inadeauate  address, 
military  restrictions  upon  civilian  service  (now  to 
r  some  extent  removed) ;  transportation  facilities  not 
provided  by  army  for  civilian  service  (now  pro- 
vided) . 
Sept.  20 — United  States  Assistant  District  Attorney 
Brewer  says  as  result  of  reinspection  of  aviators' 
jackets  manufactured  by  Rosenwasser  Bros.,  Inc., 
of  3,826  inspected,  3,083  were  rejected. 
— From  about  dusk,  when  entrance  was  granted  to 
the  Cathedral,  until  11  P.  M.,  when  it  was  closed, 
25,000  New  Yorkers  viewed  the  body  of  the  late 
Cardinal  Farley. 
—French  Chamber  of  Deputies  votes  32,240,000,000 
credit  for  military  expenses  and  exceptional  civil 
expenses  for  fourth  quarter  of  1918. 
— Surgeon  General  Gorgas  reports  8,313   cases  of 

Spanish  influenza  at  9  camps,  with  11  deaths. 
— Boston  despatch  says  there  are  reports  of   120 
deaths  from   Influenza  and   pneumonia  In   New 
England  during  the  24  hours  ended  at  10  o'clock; 
65  in  Boston. 
— New  York  City  Health  Department  reports  20  new 

civilian  cases  in  city;  75  at  EUls  Island. 
-—Deputy  Internal  Revenue  Collector  William  J. 
Duffy,  age  65,  swims  from  Brooklyn  Bridge  to  a 
tug  a  mile  beyond  Coney  Island  Point  in  3  hours 
and  32  minutes. 
— Gen.Antolne  Gvosdenovlch.new  Montenegrin  Min- 
ister to  United  States,  received  at  Washington,  D. 
C,  by  the  President.    Freiglit  steamer  Richmond, 
coal  laden.  Is  swamped  and  sunk  by  swells  from  tug 
Auburn  off  Pier  12,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Sept.  21 — Gen.  Crowder  and  Shipping  Board  officials 
decide  that  shirkers  in  shipyards  will  lose  their 
exempt  standing. 
— Fourteen  soldiers  die  from  pneumonia,  following 
Spanish    Influenza,    at    Camp    Dix;    5    at    Camp 
Upton.    Campaign  backed  by  United  States  Em- 
ployment Service  starts  in   Bridgeport,   Ct.,   for 
employment  of  women  In  munition  work. 
— Twelve  deaths  from  airplane  aecidents  at  army 
aviation  fields  occur  during  week  ending  Sept.  14. 
— Victor  Murdock  of  Kansas  Is  reappointed  a  mem- 
ber of  Federal  Trade  Commission. 
— J.  Butler  Wright  of  New  York  is  selected  as  Con- 
sulate to  American  Embassy  at  London,  to  suc- 
ceed Irvin  B.  Laughlln. 
— In  Washington,  Secretary  McAdoo  raised  a  Fourth 
Liberty  loan  flag  to  the  top  of  the  Treasury  Build- 
ing. 
— Shipbuilding  report  revised  up  to  Sept.  1  shows 
total    construction.    Allied    and    neutral,    August, 
1914,  to  Sept..  1,  1918,  14,247,825  tons'  total  enemy 
tonnage  captured  to  end  of  1917,  3,795,000  tons. 
— Eight  thousand  or  more  children  attend  special 
mass  for  the  lat«  Cardinal  Farley  at  the  Cathedral. 
Sept.  22 — A  benefit,  held  at  New  York  Hippodrome, 
for  the  old  G9th,  now  the  165th  Regiment,  clears 
$45,000;    John  McCormack    and   Aniellta    Galli- 
Curci  sing.  _  ,         ,       „     ^  „ 

— Two  ships  launched  at  Submarine  Boat  Corpora- 
i  tion's  yards,  Newark  Bay.  „    ^ 

—A    bronze   tablet   is   unveiled   in   Prospect   Park, 
Brooklyn,  bearing  356  names  of  Brooklyn  men 
who  died  on  European  battlefields.    Mayor  Hylao 
presided .    Senator  Borah  made  an  address. 
— Seventy-five  thousand  or  one  hundred  thousand 
men,  women  and  children  in  mourning  line  pass  the 
bier  of  Cardinal  Farley  at  the  Cathedral 
Sept.  23 — Interstate  Commerce  Commission  grants 
petition  of  New  Haven  Road  to  keep  and  run  its 
boats, 
' — Murray  Hulbert,  Dock  Commissioner,  is  appointed 
Director  of  the  Port  of  New  York.    Camps  Gordon, 
Syracuse,    Humphreys,    Merrltt    and    Lewis   new 
camps  to  report  cases  ol  Spanish  influenza;  up  to 
now  9,313  cases  from  all  camps;  11  deaths;  great- 
est number,  6,583,  from  Camp  Devens. 
Sept.  24 — At  Carnegie  Hall,  New  York  City,  Secre- 
tary McAdoo  opens  Fourth   Liberty   Loan  Cam- 
paign;   Issue    to  be    56,000,000,000;    New  York 
allotment  51,334,250,600. 
— Samuel  Gompers  and  party  Of  United  States  labor 
leaders  reach  Paris. 


Sept.  24 — At  PeeksklU,  N.  Y.,  Chauncy  M.  Depew 
attends  unveiling  of  statue  of  himself  In  Depew 
Park  given  by  him  to  PeeksklU  in  1901. 

—^Provost  Marshal  General  Crowder  urges  drafted 
men  to  claim  deferred  classification  or  exemption, 
although  local  boards  may  make  exemptions  even 
though  not  claimed. 

— Influenza  spreads  throughout  Eastern  States; 
hundreds  of  deaths:  thousands  of  cases  reported; 
Boston  closes  Its  public  schools. 

— Miss  Melba  Beatrice  Wilson  of  Cincinnati  makes 
death  mask  of  Cardinal  Farley,  after  which  body 
is  placed  in  metal  casket  and  interred  in  crypt 
below  the  main  altar  of  the  Cathedral. 

Sept.  25 — Owing  to  spread  of  Spanish  influenza  of- 
ficials of  Public  Health  Service,  War  and  Navy 
Departments  and  Red  Cross  in  Washington,  D. 
C,  consult  a«  to  measures  to  combat  disease;  26 
cities  are  swept  by  epidemic;  disease  appears  on 
Pacific  Coast,  in  Washington  and  California,  but 
not  epidemic;  a  few  cases  in  Minnesota  and  Iowa; 
continues  to  spread  in  army  camps. 

Sept.  26 — New  radio  wireless  station,  capable  of 
sending  to  and  receiving  messages  from  England, 
is  established  at  Annapolis,  Md. 

— A  dummy  gun  explosion  kills  2  at  Air  Service  Bal- 
loon School,  Arcadia,  Cal.  Secretary  Daniels  says 
Christmas  packages  for  navy  men  abroad  must  be 
in  New  York  by  Nov.  15.  Provost  Marshal  Crow- 
der cancels  entralnment  orders  for  142,000  draft 
men   because  of  Spanish  influenza  epidemic. 

— Dr.  H.  M.  Biggs,  New  York  State  Health  Com- 
missioner, says  nation  is  confronted  with  influenza 
epidemic. 

— Alfred  E.  Smith,  New  York  Democratic  candidate 
for  Governor,  declares  against  ProlUbition  until 
demanded  by  referendum. 

— Theodore  P.  Shonts,  of  New  York  Interborough, 
pleads  for  Increased  fares;  argues  increase  will  keep 
taxes  down  and  non-residents  will  share  burdens. 

Sept.  27 — The  President  speaks  at  Metropolitan 
Opera  House,  New  York  City,  formally  opening 
Fourth  Liberty  Loan  Campaign;  says  "It  would  be 
folly  to  leave  guarantee  of  peace  to  subsequent 
voluntary  action  of  Governments  we  have  seen 
destroy  Russia  and  deceive  Roumania."  "Justice 
must  play  no  favorites  and  know  no  standard  but 
the  equal  rights  of  the  peoples  concerned." 

Sept.  28 — Pilot  Maurice  Newton,  with  200  pounds 
of  mall,  leaves  Washington  11.32  A.  M.,  reaches 
Philadelphia  12.45;  leaves  Bustleton  Station  12.58, 
reaches  Belmont  Field  1.45  P.  M.;  time  In  air  2 
hours;  a  record  flight.        lt> 

— Two  ships,  aggregating  1,500  tons,  are  launched 
at  Stateu  Island. 

Sept.  29 — In  army  test  1,000  New  York  carrier 
pigeons  less  than  6  months  old,  released  at  Union 
Station,  Washington,  D.  C,  made  bee  Une  for 
home;  the  first  to  .irrive  took  3  hours  11  minutes. 

Sept.  3(> — Drawing  of  draft  numbers  begins  at  noon; 
the  President  draws  No.  322  as  first  number; 
other  numbers  are  drawn  by  Vice-President  Mar- 
shall, Senators  Saulsbury  and  Warren,  Acting 
War  Secretary  Crowell,  Congressmen  Dent  of 
Alabama,  Kahn  of  California,  Gen.  March,  Gen. 
Crowder  and  Col.  Charles  B.  Warren.  War  In- 
dustries Board  forbids  use  of  platinum  in  jewelry 
manufacture.  All  clocks  in  Great  Britain  at  3  A. 
M.  are  set  back  one  hour. 

Oct.  1 — Last  draft  number  drawn  at  8  A.  M.  Naval 
submarine  chaser  6  Is  sunk  in  collision  with  oil 
steamer  S.  W.  Waller  oft  New  Jersey  coast.  Over 
14,000  new  cases  of  Spanish  influenza  reported  to 
Surgeon  General  Gorgas  in  24  hom'S  ending  at 
noon. 
—Approximately  2,447  saloons  closed  at  midnight  In 
Greater  New  York.  Decrease  in  license  renewals 
for  Manhattan,  18%:  Brooklyn,  27%;  the  Bronx, 
45%;  Queens,  38%:  Richmond,  33%. 
— War  Industries  Board  orders  use  of  platinum  in 

jewelry  manufacture  discontinued. 
— 150,000  college  students  mustered  Into  Students 
Army  Training  Corps  at  more  than  500  colleges 
and  universities. 
— Franz  Rlntelen,  German  naval  captain,  starts  for 
Atlanta  Penitentiary  to  begin  18  months  imprison- 
ment. ,  „  ^    ^ 
Oct.  2 — Samuel  Gompers  visits  United  States  front 

in  France. 
— War  Industries  Board  fixes  prices  for  shoes. 


778 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


Oct.  2 — Washington  despatch  Bijkya  AlUecl  nations 
have  agreed  to  pool  resources' and  centralize  control 
of  raw  materials,  manufactured  products,  shipping, 
finances  and  food.  Presidential  order  bars  to 
German  aliens,  except  under  permit,  Staten  Island 
and  coast  3  miles  back,  Rockaway  to  Point  Pleas- 
ant. 

— Twenty-flve  hundred  workers  in  Hog  Island  ship- 

'     yard  have  Spanish  influenza. 

— Washington,  D.- C,  closes  its  public  schools:  calls 
off  street  parades  and  Liberty  Loan  rallies;  in  train- 
ing camps  876  new  cases  of  pneumonia;  271  deaths. 

Oct.  a^Two  Detroit  (Mich.)  school  boys  climb  wall 
of  Henry  Ford's  private  park  and  secure  personal 
subscriptions  from  Henry  Ford  of  $100,000  for 
Fourth  Liberty  Loan  bonds.      ■ 

—Secretary  of  War  Baker  reaches  Paris. 

- — Twelve  thousand  and  four  new  cases  of  Spanish  in- 
fluenza In  training  camps  (Camps  Sherman,  Tay- 

.  lor  and  Jackson  not  reported) ;  999  new  cases  in 
New  York  City. 

— The  President  names  Men-itte  W.  Ireland  Surgeon 
General,  with  rank  of  Major  General,  succeeding 
Major  Gen.  William  C.  Gorgas. 

— National  Adjustment  Commission  fixes  long- 
shoremen's wages;  8-hour  day,  Saturday  half  holi- 
day, $1  an  hour  overtime,  65  cents  regular. 

Oct.  4 — Mr.  Baruch,  Chairman  of  Industries  Board, 
sayB  prices  of  shoes  will  be  stabilized;  fixing  mini- 
mum at  $12  (3  classes.  A,  $8.50-812;  B,  S6  to  S8.50; 
C,  $3  to  $5.50).  United  States  tanker  George  C. 
Henry  sinks  Herman  Trascn  in  a  collision  150  miles 
southeast  of  Nova  Scotia  coast. 

Oct.  5 — Prohibited  zone  area  regulations  for  German 
alien  women  go  into  effect;  applies  to  all  over  14. 
At  New  York  internal  explosion  on  submarine  0-5 
kills  Ensign  William  J.  Shartley;  injures  Lieut. 
Commander  Albert  Trevor  and  Electrician  Still. 

Oct.  6 — William  G.  McAdoo,  Secretary  of  Treasury, 
sold  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  bonds,  walking  from  door 
to  door  in  rain,  Washington,  D.  C. 

— -Secretary  of  Labor  Wilson  speaks  for  Fourth  Lib- 
erty Loan  at  Hippodrome,  "New  York  City. 

— Guatemala  Day  is  celebrated  in  connection  with 
Liberty  Loan  Drive. 

— United  States  scouting  airplane  lost  oH  coast;  2  oc- 
cupants saved. 

— Two  thousand  and  seventy-three  new  cases  of  in- 
fluenza reported  to  New  York  City  Board  of 
Heaith  (918  from  Manhattan).  Dr.  Copeland  re- 
vises schedule  of  opening  and  closing  hours  for 
business  houses. 

Oct.  7 — American  Red  Cross  sends  instructions  to 
all  chapters  to  aid  in  fight  on  influenza.  During 
48  hours,  ending  at  noon,  23,796  new  cases  of  in- 
fluenza in  training  camps;  4,532  of  pneumonia. 

— New  Jersey  Slate  Department  of  Health  orders 
municipalities  to  close  churches,  theatres,  moving 
picture  houses,  satdons.  sodi  fountains,  block 
<lances,  playgrounds,  pool  and  billiard  parlors. 

— First  week  of  Liberty  Loan  Campaign  yields 
^1,328,716,950.      Cotton    Exchange,    New    York 

,>    City,  subscribes  S3,500,000. 

— Sir  Eric  Geddes  and  staff  arrive  in  Washington; 
lunch  with  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson. 

— Don  Martin,  Herald  war  Correspondent,  dies  in 
France  of  Spanish  Influenza. 

— Dr.  Copeland,  New  YorS  City  Health  Commis- 
sioner, appeals  for  volunteer  nurses. 

— Number  of  Influenza  cases  reported  in  South  and 
Perth  Amboy  shows  200  per  cent,  increase  in  ex- 
plosion district  of  Gillespie  m:unltions  plant. 

— Reb'uildlng  of  Gillespie  shell-loading  plant  at  Mor- 
gan, N.  J.,  begins. 

— United  States  steamer  West  Gate  sinks  as  result 
of  collision;  7  of  crew  missing. 

Oct.  8 — Henry  Bruere,  New  York  City,  appointed 
Federal  Director  of  United  States  Employment 
Service. 

Oct.  9 — United  States  submarine  chaser  219 
sinks  at  sea  In  foreign  waters  from  internal  ex- 
plosion; 1  killed;  1  missing;  1  offlcer,  8  men  ser- 
iously injured. 

— United  States  steamer  Shaw  collides  with  British 
vessel  in  British  waters;  11  men  lost;  13  Injured,  1 
seriously.  Mayor  Hylan  and  Commissioner  En- 
right  lead  police  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  parade  down 

■  Broadway  on  foot.  One  Hundred- and  Tenth  to 
Thirty-fourth  Street,  (first  New  York  City  police 
parade  was  held  at  night)..  , 


Oct.  9 — National  Association  of  Motion  Picture  In- 
dustries votes  to  suspend  filming  and  releasing  of 
pictures  for  3  weeks,  beginning  Oct.  15,  because 
of  influenza. 

Oct.  10 — The  President  In  urging  subscriptions  to 
Fourth  Liberty  loan,  says  "The  time  is  critical  and 
the  response  must  be  complete."  "Recent  events 
have  enhanced  not  lessened  its  importance." 

— Montenegro's  fii'st  Minister  to  United  States,  Gen. 
Antolne  Gvosdenovich,  arrives  in  New  York  City 
for  Montenegro  Day  celebration. 

— United  States  extends  $5,000,000  more  credit  to 
Belgium. 

— Hsu  Sill  Chang  is  inaugurated  as  President  of 
China. 

— Chinese  Government  contracts  with  Marconi  Com- 
pany for  wireless  stations  at  Kashgar,  Urumchi 
and  Lanchowfu.  Dr.  Alexander  Wekerle,  Him- 
garlan  Premier,  resigns. 

Oct.  11 — Earthquake  In  Porto  Rico  kills  150. 

— Four  thousand  two  hundred  and  ninety-three  new 
cases  of  Spanish  influenza  in  New  York  City;  393 
deaths. 

— President  Wilson,  wife  and  daughter  and  Col. 
House  attend  New  Amsterdam  Theatre  in  New 
York  City;  the  President  and  Col.  House  each  buy 
a  $2,000  Liberty  bond;  others  in  theatre  buy  up  to 
about  575,000  worth  in  all.  '  Emperor  William 
summons  all  rulers  of  German  Federal  States  to 
Berlin  for  a  conference. 

Oct.  12 — The  President  leads  Liberty  Loan  parade 
down  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City.  1,200  men 
at  Ogden  shops  of  Canadian-Pacific  Railway  walk 
out  in  sympathy  with  striking  freight  handlers. 
$1,500,000  cargo  of  Xfnited  States  food  arrives  at 
Archangel,  Russia.  New  Spanish  influenza  cases 
in  New  York  City,  4,596;  deaths.  215. 

Oct.  13 — New  York  City  week's  total  registration, 
600,029  men.  414,760  women;  Brooklyn  leads 
Manhattan  by  18,402.  New  York  City's  new  in- 
fluenza cases,  3,851;  deaths  from  pneumonia,  216. 

Oct.  14 — The  President,  urging  subscriptions  to 
Fouith  Liberty  Loan,  says  there  must  be  no  relax- 
ation, "Wlien  victory  seems  to  be  in  sight,"  and 
suggests  peace  discussion  be  left  to  Governments 
of  United  States  and  of  Allies. 

— Sir  Eric  Geddes  at  a  dinner  at  Ritz-Carlton,  New 
York  City,  says  Great  Britain  lost  230  war  vessels 
since  outbreak  of  war;  450  auxiliary  craft  (mine 
sweepers  and  trawlers);  since  1914,  merchant  ships, 
2,400,  gross  tonage  of  nearly  7,750,000,  being  3 
times  aggregate  loss  of  Allies;  says  Germany  Is 
not  beaten  on  the  sea  and  calls  for  greater  efforts 
in  combating  submarine  menace,  by  the  building 
of  destroyers  and  anti-submarine  craft. 

— In  New  York  City,  4,217  new  cases  of  influenza 
and  400  of  pneumonia.  There  is  a  decrease  In 
cases  at  army  camps. 

Oct.  15 — United  States  troop  transport  America 
sinks  at  her  dock,  Hoboken,  N.  J.;  3  of  crew  and  4 
soldiers  missing.  Federal  Food  Board  orders  sugar 
sold  on  half  monthly  basis.  New  York  City 
death  rate  5  times  the  normal,  due  to  Influenza; 
4,925  new  cases;  658  deaths. 

Oct.  16 — British  freighter  Port  Philip  sunk  in  collision 
with  United  States  collier  Proteus  off  Swinburne 
Island,  New  York  Harbor.  ^  ___^__ 

Oct.  17 — The  steamer  Lucia,  equipped  with  buoyancy 
boxes,  designed  to  make  her  unslnkable,  was  the 
last  American  vessel  reported  torpedoed  by  an 
enemy  submarine.  She  was  torpedoed  on  Oct.  17 
and  remained  afloat  24  hours.  The  torpedo  struck 
amidships  and  entered  the  engine  room,  killing  4 
men.  The  rest  of  the  crew  and  the  armed  guard 
were  rescued  by  the  steamei'  Fairfax  after  they  had 
taken  to  small  boats. 

— Motorless  Sunday  order  rescinded.  War  Indus- 
tries Board  orders  no  theatre,  school,  iiotel,  hos- 
pital or  church  be  built  in  N.  Y.  City  during  war. 

Oct.  18 — Judge  Malone,  In  General  Sessioni,  New 
York  City,  appoints  a  commission  to  inquire  into 
sanity  of  Charles  E.  Chapin,  who  shot  his  wile 
Sept.  19. 

Oct.  19 — Fourth  Liberty  loan  drive  ends.  Camps 
Lee,  Va.,  aud  Dodge,  la.,  report  whiskey  sent  by 
Federal  orders  to  check  Influenza.  Judge  Debow. 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  orders  tree  distribution  of  con- 
fiscated whiskey  at  Government  powder  plant. 
Alabama  and  Georgia  health  officers  ask  authority 
•,o  use  whiskey. 


General  Chronology — Continuea. 


770 


Oct.  21 — United  States  Food  Administration's  12 
riUes  for  public  eating  places  go  into  effect — 1, 
20%  wheat  flour  substitutes:  2,  no  toast  as  a  gar- 
niture, 3,  no  bread  until  alter  first  course:  4,  only 
one  kind  of  meat;  6,  no  bacon  as  garniture;  6,  H 
ounce  butter  per  person;  7,  'A  ounce  American 
chieese  per  person;  8,  no  sugar  bowl,  1  teaspoontul; 
9,  2  pounds  of  sugar  for  every  90  meals  served;  10, 
no  burning  of  food,  all  waste  saved  to  feed  animals 
or  reduced  to  obtain  fats;  11,  no  decorative  display 
of  food:  12,  no  double  cream  or  cream  de  luxe. 

Oct.  22 — The  President  awards  Distinguished  Ser- 
vice Medals  to  Marshals  Foch,  Joffre  and  Haig 
and  to  Gens.  Petain,  Diaz,  Pershing  and  Gillian 
(gcigian  Chief  of  Staff). 

— l''elix  Gouled  is  sentenced  by  Federal  Judge  in  New 
Yorlt  City  to  7  years'  Imprisonment  and  S10,000 
fine  for  raincoat  frauds. 

Oct.  23 — Director  General  McAdoo  modifi^  order 
forbidding  politics  to  employees  by  permittmg  men 
to  hold  municipal  office  and  to  be  delegates,  but 
not  to  be  chairmen  of  political  conventions. 

Oct.  24 — President  Wilson  Issues  an  appeal  to  the 
people  to  return  a  Democratic  Congress,  saying 
election  of  a  Republican  Congress  would  be  talten 
abroad  by  Germany  and  Allies  alilte  as  repudiation 
of  his  leadership  and  policies. 

Oct.  25 — Republican  leaders  in  Congress  issue  state- 
ment in  answer  to  the  President's  appeal. 

— Steamship  Princess  Sophia,  Alaslia  to  Vancouver, 
is  driven  on  Vanderbilt  Reef;  passengers  and 
crew  (343)  are  lost. 

Oct.  27 — Cloclcs  throughout  United  States  are  set 
back  one  hour  at  2  A.  M.,  in  accordance  with  day- 
light saving  law. 

Oct.  29 — Col.  Roosevelt,  at  Carnegie  Hall,  says  the 
President  wants  a  rubber  stamp  Congress. 

— Waiters'  strike  spreads  to  the  Waldorf,  McAlpin 
and  other  hotels;  some  of  which  then  hire  women 
as  waiters. 

— Enrolment  of  women  in  Marine  Corps  begins. 

— I/ieut.  John  E.  Davis,  army  aviator,  flies  from  Gulf 
to  Graat  Lakes  and  back  in  9  days;  actual  flying 
time  64  hours. 

Oct.  31 — ^Attorney  General  Gregory  makes  public 
Charles  E.  Hughes's  air  inquiry  report.  It  recom- 
mends prosecution  of  Col.  Edward  A.  Deeds, 
Lieut.  Col.  Jesse  G.  Vincent,  Lieut.  Col.  George  W. 
Mixter  and  Second  Lieut.  S.  B.  Vrooman,  Jr.,  lor 
dealing  with  corporations  in  which  they  had  in- 
terests; declares  Gen.  George  Squire,  Chief  Signal 
OfBcer,  "incompetent;'  clears  civilian  officials  of 
Aircraft  Production  Board  and  naval  officers,  and 
praises  John  D.  Ryan  and  William  C.  Potter. 

— New  York  Board  of  Estimate  adopts  8248,025,434 
city  budget;  greatest  in  city's  history. 

Nov.  1 — Household  sugar  allowance  increased  to  3 
pounds  per  person  per  month. 

Nov.  2 — New  York  State  Excise  Commissioner  says 
decrease  In  liquor  selling  places  in  fiscal  year  end- 
ing Oct.  10  was  6,560;  loss  in  revenue  §4,775,854. 

Nov.  4 — Allen  Property  Custodian  takes  over  mil- 
lions of  dollars  worth  of  property  owned  by  Amer- 
ican wives  of  titled  German  and  Austrian  subjects. 

Nov.  5 — Ohio,  Florida,  Minnesota,  Wyoming  and 
Vermont  vote  "dry;"  California,  Missouri  and 
Minnesota,  "wet." 

—Elections  result  in  Republican  majority  in  House 
of  Representatives  and  Senate.  In  New  York 
State  Alfred  E.  Smith,  Democrat,  is  elected  over 
Whitman,  RepulJlican.  Henry  Ford  beaten  for 
Congress  in  Michigan.  All  Socialist  candidates  for 
Congress  defeated  but  one,  Victor  Berger. 

— Citizens  of  Berlin,  N.  H.,  decide  933  to  566  to  rer 
tain  the  name. 

Nov.  6 — Over  400  orphaned  children  are  taken  under 
care  of  New  York  City;  their  parents  having  died 
of  influenza. 

— Many  Brooklyn  grocers  found  guilty  of  food  profi- 
teering. 

Nov.  7 — So-called  "peace"  stocks.  Including  railroad 
securities,  advance  on  truce  report. 

—Methodists  give  $5,000,000  for  after-war  work. 

—Wilson  extends  food  control,  to  feed  the  world. 

Nov.  8^-Coal  advances  95  cents  a  ton,  wholesale. 

■    liphtless  nights  order  is  modlfled. 

—Influenza  deaths  in  New  York  City  during  epi- 
demic total  over  19,000. 

— Ignace  Padercwskl  quits  Union  of  Mid-Europeans. 


Nov.  9 — Charlie  Chaplin  announces  that  on  Oct.  23 
he  married  Mildred  Harris,  another  movie  star,  at 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Nov.  10 — Dr.  Theodore  Reinach  and  other  scholars 
arrive  at  New  York  from  Paris  to  teach  In  Ameri- 
can colleges  on  -French  culture. 

— William  Banks,  an  alleged  hotel  thief,  shot  and 
killed  by  a  policeman  when  pursued  over  tenement 
roofs  on  West  Thirty-eighth  Street,  New  York  City. 

Nov.  11 — Prof.  Thomas  G.  Masaryk,  President  of 
the  Czecho-Slovak  National  Council,  Is  elected 
President  of  Czecho-Slovak  Republic.  The  new 
nation  has  population  of  about  11,000,000. 

Nov.  13 — A  Chinese  woman  surgeon.  Dr.  Pang  Yuen 
Tseo,  assigned  to  ambulance  staff  of  Bellevue  Hos- 
pital, New  York  City. 

— Gen.  Pershing,  in  name  of  President  Wilson,  pre- 
sents Marshal  JoHre  with  Distinguished  Service 
medal. 

— The  Vauban,  Lamport  and  Holt  liner,  from  Buenos 
Ayres,  first  ship  to  enter  New  York  Harbor  since 
removal  of  ban  onjiublicatlon  of  news  of  arrivals 
and  departures  of  vessels. 

— German  submarines  arrive  at  Landskrona,  South- 
em  Sweden;  their  commands  request  naval  au- 
thorities to  intern  them.  Allied  fleet  arrives  off 
Constantinople. 

Nov.  14 — American  prisoners  numbering  2,532,  held 
In  German  prison  camps,  are  released. 

— Norway  lost  during  the  war  831  vessels,  aggregat- 
ing 1,250,000  tons.  In  addition,  30  vessels  were 
damaged  by  submarines. 

— The  municipal  council  of  Nevers,  France,  has  re- 
christened  streets  of  the  town  in  honor  of  President 
Wilson,  Premier  Clemenceau  and  Gen.  Lafayette. 

— A  commission  is  appointed  by  Director  McAdoo 
to  consider  wage  increases  to  telegraphers. 

— A  IJi-inch  steel  cable,  40  feet  deep  in  Hudson 
River,  was  severed  by  an  electrically  operated 
Oxid-acetylene  torch  in  less  than  7  minutes,  mak- 
ing a  marine  engineering  record. 

— George  Creel,  Chairman  on  Public  Information, 
repeals  the  voluntary  censorship  under  which  the 
press  of  the  country  guarded  from  the  enemy  the 
military  policies  and  troop  movements. 

— Fifty-five  thousand  garment  workers,  members  of 
the  Amalgamated  Clothing  Workers  of  America, 
are  on  strike  in  New  York,  New  Jersey  and  nearby 
towns  for  an  8-hour- day  and  a  20  per  cent,  wage 
increase. 

— Tired  and  "broke,"  Secretary  of  Treasury  and 
Director  General  of  Railroads  William  G.  McAdoo 
resigns  both  places.  President  Wilson,  In  letter 
dated  Nov.  21,  accepts  tlie  resignation,  regretting 
that  need  for  a  larger  income  draws  the  Secretary 
back  to  private  life. 

Nov.  15 — The  German  Government  sent  a  message 
to  President  Wilson  appealing  to  him  to  save  the 
German  people  from  starvation  and  anarchy  by 
sending  plenipotentiaries  to  The  Hague  or  some 
other  city.  German  soldiers  gained  control  of  the 
revolution  and  insisted  on  the  holding  of  a  Con- 
stituent Assembly.  The  new  German-  Government 
issued  an  appeal  to  the  peasant  population,  ask- 
ing the  formation  of  councils  to  organize  the  food 
supply.  The  German  army  began  a  general 
evacuation  of  Poland. 

— The  former  German  Crown  Prince  was  located  at 
Maastricht,  where  he  is  interned. 

— American  airmen  land  at  Cologne. 

— The  State  Councils  of  Esthonia,  Livonia.  Courl»nd 
and  Oesel  Island  decide  to  form  a  joint  confeder- 

— Complete  agreement  as  to  the  imion  of  the  Jugo- 
slav Provinces  of  Austria  with  Serbia  is  reached 
by  Premier  Pashich  and  approved  by  Italy. 

— The  general  strike  in  Switzerland  ends. 

— French  and  British  commanders  reach  Constanti- 
nople. 

— Major  Gen.  Seyn,  former  Governor  of  Finland,  has 

— The  Board  of  Censorship,  established  by  Presiden- 
tial proclamation  Oct.  14,  1917,  discontinued. 

— The  Northwest  produced  more  tlian  132,056,288 
feet  of  limiber  for  airplanes  diu'ing  the  war. 

— Copper  output  of  Calumet  and  Hecla  for  October, 
11,929,929  pounds.  ^        ^  ^ 

— ^Minnesota's  prohibition  measure  is  defeated,  oy 
1,000  votes.  .,    - 

— Washington  says  the  President  decides  on  Messrs. 
Lansing,  House,  Root  and  Brandeia  as  the  Ameri- 
can peace  delegation. 


78Q 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


Nov.  15 — Newton  D'.  Baker,  Secretary  of  War,  rssues 
the  first  order  for  denfiobillzatlon  of  the  great  Ameri- 
can army.  It  discharged  fifty  thousand  men  in  the 
development  battalions  in  the  various  army  camps. 

— Mr.  Lansing  tells  German  Foreign  Secretary  United 
States  cannot  act  8,s  intermediary  with  Allies  and 
directs  that  alj  questions  be  taken  up  with  the  War 
Council. 

— The  American  destroyer  Shaw  is  cut  in  two  by  a 
British  transport,  the  forward  part  of  the  vessel 
sinking  with  several  men  on  board,  the  larger  part 
being  kept  afloat  and  towed  into  an  English  port. 

' — Women  of  American  Defense  Society  telegraph 
to  Mrs.  Wilson  and  Miss  Jane  Addams  warning 
them  against  a  trick  in  the  appeal  by  German 
women. 

— American  airmen  land  in  Cologne  on  the  Rhine. 

— British  casualties  for  week  ended  Nov.  14,  30,535. 

— owing  to  westrbound  congestion,  cables  for  Europe 
suspend. 

— It  is  announced  by  the  French  Government  that 
420,000  French  war  prisoners,  including  those  in 
neutral  countries,  will  be  repatriated. 

— Admiral  Henry  T.  Mayo,  Commander  of  the  At^ 
lantlc  fleet,  is  in  Venice.  He  wasreceived  by  the 
Italian  King. 

— The  German  naval  representatives  meet  British 
and  are  taken  to  Admiral  Beatty  to  arrange  for 
execution  of  naval  armistice  terms. 

Nov.  16 — Railroad  telegraphers'  wages  advanced  by 
order  of  Director  General  McAdoo  13  cents  per 
hour  above  rate  prevailing  last  Jan.  1,  with  a  mini- 
mum of  48  cents  per  hour,  retroactive  to  Oct.  1. 
Eight  hours  hereafter  are  to  be  considered  a  day's 
work  and  overtime  paid  at  the  rate  of  time  and  a 
half.  This  order,  involving  aggregate  increases  of 
about  830,000,000  a  year,  applies  to  between  60,000 
and  70,000  employees.  Including  telegraphers,  tele- 
phone operators,  agent  telegraphers,  agent  tele- 
phoners,  towermen,  levermen,  tower  and  train 
directors,  block  operators  and  staff  men.  It  does 
not  apply  to  telephone  switchboard  operators. 

• — A  slowing  down  of  war  production  ordered  by  the 
War  Department  as  the  first  step  in  its  share  of 
retiirnlng  the  country  to  a  normal  industrial  basis. 

■ — The  Distinguished  Service  medal  conferred  upon 
Gen.  Pershing  at  his  headquarters  by  Gen.  Taslter 
H.  Bliss,  representing  President  Wilson.  Cere- 
mony witnessed  by  members  of  Allied  missions  and 
Ambassador  Sharp  and  Admiral  Benson. 

— Polish  officers  enter  Posen,  capital  of  German  Po- 
land. 

— King  Ludwig  III.  of  Bavaria  arrives  at  Rorschach, 
on  the  Swiss  bank  of  Lake  Constance. 

— Prince  Maximilian  of  Baden,  former  German  Cnan- 
cellor,  arrives  at  Baden-Baden  with  his  family. 

—Belgian  troops  enter  Brussels,  the  German  soldiers 
having  evacuated  the  city  after  street  fights  among 
themselves  in  which  some  were  killed. 

Nov.  17 — Since  the  Government  took  over  the  rail- 
roads S403 ,864,950  were  spent  on  railroads. 

• — ^More  "than  8,000,000  acres  of  land  in  Louisiana, 
Arkansas,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  Texas  and  Ten- 
nesee  are  available  for  the  Government  to  offer  to 
men  in  the  service. 

— New  Spanish  Ministry  sworn  into  office. 

— British  submarines  sank  20  German  submarines 
during  the  war. 

— British  imports  In  October  iocreased  £23,448,737. 
Exports  dropped  £7,937,054. 

— The  American  Red  Cross  in  France  spent  S29,- 
■282,468  on  United  States  troops  in  France. 

• — Chinese  Cabinet  appoints  Foreign  Minister  Lu 
Cheng-Hsiang  Envoy  Extraordinary  to  Peace  Con- 
ference. 

-^Swedish  Government  decides  to  give  both  sexes  the 
vote.  Control  of  the  foreign  policy,  as  well  as 
declarations  of  war  and  peace  are  to  rest  with  the 
Riksdag. 

—American  forces  begin  their  march  toward  Ger- 
many, which  will  be  at  the  rate  of  12  miles  a  day. 

—Alsace-Lorraine  Day  in  Paris.  200,000  members  of 
civilian  societies  march  in  parade  before  10,000 
troops  along  route  from  Arc  de  Triomphe  to  Place 
de  la  Concorde,  then  past  monuments  of  Joan  of 
Arc,  Gambetta  and  Lafayette. 

• — Admiral  von  Tirpitz,  former  Minister  of  the  Ger- 
man Navy,  the  man  chiefly  responsible  for  Ger- 
many's submarine  campaign,  fled  to  Switzerland 
immediately  the  revolution  in  Germany  broke 
out,  says  the  Frankfort  Gazette,  as  quoted  in  ad- 
vices from  Copenhagen. 


Nov.'  17— Saxe-Meiningen  Has  been  proclaimed'  a  re- 
public and  all  estates  owned  by  princes  are  made 
public  property. 

— Former  Grand  Duke  Ferdinand  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  who  abdicated,  has  arrived  at  Copen- 
hagen with  his  English-born  wife  and  their  chil- 
dren. 

" — Duke  Karl  Eduard  of  Saxe-Coburg  and  Gotha  and 
Grand  Duke  Friedrich  Franz  IV.  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin  have  abdicated. 

— The  Matin,  Paris,  estimates  Germany's  debt  to 
France  at  808,000,000,000.  The  newspaper  appor- 
tions the  debt  as  follows:  Return  of  indemnity  of 
1871,  with  interest,  812,000,000,000;  expenses  in 
present  war,  828,000,000,000;  pensions,  $8,000,- 
000,000;  reparation  for  damages,  S20,000,000?000. 

Nov.  18 — French  soldiers'  pay  was  raised  10  cents  a 
day. 

— Ten  thousand  servant  girls  at  Stuttgart,  Wurttem- 
berg,  are  mobilized  to  help  unload  freight  car.s. 

— American  troops  cross  the  Belgian  border  north  of 
Verdun  and  push  on  to  Virton.  British  forces  reach 
a  line  from  Florennes  and  Charleroi  to  Hal. 

— Germany  protests  to  the  Allies  against  their  reten- 
tion of  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  declaring  Bol- 
shevik  conditions  imperilling   neighboring   States 
■  are  threatened  as  a  result  of  this  armistice  require- 
ment. 

— Gen.  Pershing,  on  behalf  of  the  President,  awards 
a  bronze  leaf  to  Brig.  Gen.  RlacArtluir  to  be  worn 
on  his  Distinguished  Service  Cross  awarded  in 
March. 

— War  Industries  Board  removes  ban  from  domestic 
uses  of  gold  and  silver  for  Industrial  purposes. 

— Western  Union  Telegraph  announces  restoration  of 
its  transatlantic  cable  service. 

— The  United  States  Supreme  Court  declines  to  re- 
view the  case  of  Thomas  Mooney,  San  Francisco 
labor  leader,  convicted  of  murder  in  connection 
with  the  San  Francisco  preparedness  day  par.ide 

— Display  of  the  red  flag  in  New  York  banned  by 
Mayor  Hylau  In  an  order  to  Police  Commissioner 
Enright,  in  which  the  police  are  directed  to  "dis- 
perse all  unlawful  assemblages." 

— Canada  spent  in  the  year  ended  April  30,  1018, 
8520,415,832  for  food  and  8324,005.237  for  muni- 
tions. 

—Between  April  6,  1917,  and  Nov.  11,  1918,  2,958 
.ships  of  3,091,605  tons  were  built  in  the  United 
States. 

— Steamer  Tollard,  a  freighter  of  8,800  tons,  was 
laimched  at  New  London,  Conn.,  for  the  Emer- 
gency Fleet  Corporation. 

— A  new  order  by  Provost  Marshal  General  Crowder 
to  draft  boards  suspends  Indefinitely  physical 
examinations  of  draft  registrants. 

— Official  announcement  is  made  at  the  White  House 
that  President  Wilson  has  decided  to  go  to  Paris, 
London  and  Rome  to  take  part  in  discussion  and 
settlement  of  the  main  features  of  the  peace  treaty. 

— The  Federal  Reserve  Board  estimates  that  the 
cost  of  the  war  to  ail  belligerents  up  to  May  1  last 
was  8175,000,000,000  and  that  it  would  reach 
8200,000,000,000  by  the  end  of  1918.  The  yearly 
burden  entailed  by  interest,  pension  and  sinking 
funds  is  placed  at  810,000,000,000. 

— Three  flying  schools  are  ordered  discontinued. 

Nov.  19 — Rodman  Wanamaker  is  named  by  Mayor 
Hylan  as  Chairman  of  a  Victory  Arch  Commit{ee. 

— Ships  are  on  the  ocean  with  200,000  tons  of  food  for 
the  civilian  populations  of  Northern  France,  Bel- 
gium and  Austria. 

— Mayor  Hylan's  police  survey  of  the  coal  supply  re- 
veals a  shortage  of  3,577,261  tons  in  New  Yorlt  City. 

— I'^rench  troops  enter  Belgium,  I.,orraine  and  Al.sace, 
Marshal  Petain  occupying  Metz. 

■ — British  losses  for  the  entire  war  were  3,049,991;  ac- 
cording to  a  statement  in  the  House  of  Commons 
by  the  Parliamentary  Secretary  for  War.  Of  these 
142,634  were  officers.  The  killed  and  died  of 
wounds  or  disease  totalled  658,724. 

— London  Daily  Mail  cables  Aero  Club  of  America 
850,000  prize  now  open  to  flier  who  crosses  Atlantic. 

— Ministerial  Council  on  recommendation  of  Premier 
Clemenceau  votes  to  make  Gen.  Petain  a  Marslial 
of  France. 

Nov.  20 — The  reception  to  Marshal  Petain  and  the 
French    and    Allied   soldiers  in  Metz  lasts  all  of 
Tuesday  night.     The  Marshal  reviewed  the  Iron. 
Division  before  the  Marshal  Ney   statue.     Fifty 
wounded  Americans  were  found  in  the  city. 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


81 


Nov.  20 — When  French  troops  entered  Budapest,  the 
capital  of  Hungary,  they  were  showered  with  flow- 
ers by  cheering  crowds  that  filled  the  streets.  The 
city  was  beflagged  with  the  Allied  colors.  No  Aus- 
trian or  German  flags  were  seen.  The  residents 
sang  the  "Marseillaise"  as  the  French  marched  in. 
The  Military  Governor  ol  the  city  gave  a  banquet 
to  the  French  officers, 
^^lying  the  white  flag,  20  German  submarines  sur- 
render to  a  British  squadron  and  are  taken  into 
Harwich  port  for  internment. 
—American  troops  cross  the  German  frontier  of  Lor- 
raine, opposite  Briey  and  Audun-le-Roman,  and 
further  north  enter  Luxemburg,  going  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Luxemburg  city. 
—Postmaster  General  Burleson  orders  consolidation 
and  operation  as  one  system  of  the  Postal  and 
Western  Union  Telegraph  Companies  on  Dec.  1. 
He  also  takes  over  all  cable  lines. 
Nov.  21 — The  British  Grand  Fleet  of  47  battleships 
and  battle  cruisers,  35  cruisers  and  light  cruisers 
and  150  destroyers,  with  a  total  of  80,000  person- 
nel, covering  a  stretch  of  water  40  miles  long  and  6 
wide,  received  the  surrender  of  13  German  battle- 
ships and  battle  cruisers,  6  light  cruisers  and  49 
destroyers  manned  by  14,000  offlcers  and  men, 
under  Admiral  Meurer.  With  500  Allied  guns 
ready  to  open  broadsides  on  them  from  either  side, 
the  Germans  passed  into  custody,  out  of  the  mist, 
at  9.30  o'clock,  30  miles  east  of  May  Island,  and 
were  convoyed  back  to  the  Firth  of  Forth  between 
2  wonderful  lines  of  the  Grand  Fleet. 
—A  coup  makes  Admiral  Kolchak  Director  and  Com- 
mander of  the  all-Russian  army  and  fleet. 
—British  cavalry  cross  the  field  of  Waterloo  on  way 

to  German  frontier. 
• — The  Campania,  since  the  war  a  British  auxiliary 
war  vessel,  is  sunk  in  collision  with  a  British  battle- 
ship.   No  lives  lost. 
— Gen.   Pershing  entered  the  City  of  Luxemburg 
ahead  of  his  troops.    The  American  Commander  in 
Chief  and  his  staff  drove  into  the  capital  in  a\ito- 
mobiles.    ITjo  Gene^.^l  was  greeted  by  tliousands  of 
cheering  Luxemburgers  and  with  the  blowing  of 
sirens  and  the  ringing  of  church  and  school  bells. 
—An  explosion  of  munition  trains  at  the  station  of 
Hamont,  east  of  Antwerp,  Belgium,  caused  casu- 
alties estimated  to  be  between  1,500  and  2,000. 
—Advance  troops  of  the  British  Army  of  Occupation 

reached  Namur  and  crossed  the  Meuse. 
—Field  Marshal  von  Mackensen,  the  former  German 
Commander  in  Roumania,  arrived  in  Berlin.  The 
German  troops  returning  with  him  met  Czecho- 
slovak forces  at  Sillein,  Moravia,  and  were  un- 
able to  continue  the  journey  by  way  of  Oderberg 
and  were  forced  to  withdraw  from  Austria  by  way 
of  Vienna  and  Passau. 
—When  the  former  German  Crown  Prince  arrived 
at  the  Zuyder  Zee  fishing  town  of  Enkhuyzen 
howls  of  execration  arose  from  the  thousands  gath- 
ered outside  the  station  gates.  The  Government 
yacht,  which  was  to  have  taken  him  to  the  Island 
of  Wierlngen,  grounded  in  the  fog.  A  little  tug- 
boat was  substituted.  The  hamlet  of  Mosterland 
consists  of  small  farmsteads  and  fishermen's  huts 
on  the  lonely  island  of  Wierlngen,  some  distance 
from  the  Dut<;h  naval  station  at  Helder.  The  local 
pastor's  2-story  residence  has  been  leased  furnished 
for  6  months,  and  here  the  former  Crown  Prince 
will  live. 
—The  second  session  of  the  Sixty-fifth,  or  "War" 
Congress,  which  began  last  Dec.  3.  ended  at  5 
P.  M.,  under  a  resolution  which  had  been 
adopted  earlier  in  the  day  by  the  Senate,  41  to  18, 
and  by  the  House,  without  objection.  Except  the 
War  Revenue  bill,  little  business  was  left  un- 
finished. 
Nov.  22 — While  as  an  eHectlve  military  force  the 
American  Army  remains  intact,  the  homeward 
movement  has  already  begun.  Construction  of  all 
kinds  has  been  stopped  and  contracts  and  deliver- 
ies cancelled  where  possible,  and  the  men  whose 
services  have  been  In  these  and  other  lines  of  activ- 
ity are  either  en  route  to  ports  or  plans  for  their 
embarkation  are  imder  way.  The  first  to  go  will 
be  the  sick  and  convalescent  wounded. 
—Resignations  in  Europe:  Lord  Robert  Cecil,  Brit- 
ish Under  Foreign  Secretary;  John  R.  Clynes,  Brit- 
ish Food  Controller;  Phllipp  Scheidemanu.  Ger- 
■   man  Finance  Minister. 


Nov.  22 — An  all-Ukraine  Government,  composed  of 
the  General  Staff  of  the  Volunteer  Army,  has  been 
formed  at  Ekaterinodar,  with  the  object  of  re- 
establishing South  Russia  on  a  federated  principle. 

—The  German  battleship  Koenig  and  the  battle 
cruiser  Mackensen,  which,  although  scheduled  for 
surrender  Nov.  21,  were  permitted  to  be  absent, 
are  being  disarmed  under  the  supervision  of  Vice 
Admiral  Browning  of  the  British  Navy,  who  was 
sent  to  Germany  for  that  purpose.  The  Koenig  is 
in  dock  and  could  not  be  moved,  and  the  Macken- 
sen is  not  completed. 

— Adherents  of  the  Spartacus  group  at  Berlin  at- 
tempted to  seize  the  Berlin  Police  Presidency. 
Several  persons  were  killed  or  injured. 

— Gen.  de  Castelnau  entered  Colmar,  Alsace,  at  the 
head  of  his  troops.  He  was  received  with  acclama- 
tion by  tlie  populace.  Strassburg,  capital  of  Alsace, 
was  entered  by  French  advance  guards. 

— Phllipp  Scheidemann  resigns  as  Minister  of  Fin- 
ance in  the  new  German  Government  and  his  place 
taken  by  Hans  Landsberg,  Secretary  of  Publicity. 
Art  and  Literature. 

— In  the  presence  of  Sir  Eric  Geddes,  First  Lord  of 
the  Admiralty,  28  more  German  U  boats  surren- 
dered. "The  cruiser  submarine  Deutschland  was 
among  the  number.  She  carried  2  American  of- 
ficers, rescued  from  the  American  army  cargo  ship 
Ticonderoga,  torpedoed  on  Sept.  30.  The  ofilcers 
were  taken  to  Kiel  by  the  Deutschland,  which  was 
returning  from  a  3  months'  cruise  in  American 
waters,  and  were  landed  at  Harwich.  Another 
surrendered  boat  was  the  U  139,  which  had  just 
returned  to  a  German  port  after  a  64  days'  cruise, 
commanded  by  Lieut.  Commander  Arnauld  I-a 
Perriere,  who  in  1916  received  the  order  Pour  le 
Merite  for  sinking  126  vessels.  The  U  139  was 
brought  in  by  a  first  lieutenant,  who  explained  that 
Perriere  was  too  sad  to  undertake  the  duty. 

— In    a    proclamation   In    Karlsruhe,    Grand    Duke 

.  Friedrich  of  Baden  said  he  relieved  officials  and 
soldiers  from  their  oaths  of  fidelity  and  renounced 
the  throne  for  himself  and  his  descendants  in  ac- 
cord with  his  cousin  and  heir.  Prince  Maximilian, 
the  former  German  Chancellor. 

— King  Albert,  in  a  speech  to  the  Belgians  from  his 
throne  in  Parliament,  at  Brussels,  with  Gen.  Per- 
shing at  his  side,  said :  "The  Government  proposes 
to  the  Chambers  to  lower,  by  patriotic  agreement, 
the  ancient  barriers,  and  to  make  the  consultation 
of  the  nation  a  reality  on  the  basis  ol  equal  suf- 
frage for  all  men  of  the  mature  age  required  for  the 
exercise  of  civil  rights."  The  King  entered  Brus- 
sels at  10.30  A.  M.  He  was  accompanied  by  Queen 
Elizabeth,  Princes  Leopold  and  Charles  and  Prin- 
cess Marie  Jose.    The  party  entered  at  the  Porte 

;    de  Flanders  and  proceeded  to  the  Place  de  la  Na- 

■  tions,  receiving  an  ovation.  At  the  Parliament 
House,  King  Albert  and  his  family  listened  to  an 
address  of  welcome.  Then  followed  a  review  of 
Allied  troops  which  formed  a  line  10  miles  long. 
Flowers  were  thrown  in  the  path  of  King  Albert  as 
the  procession  made  its  way. 

— Several  thousand  American  soldiers  sailed  from 
Liverpool  for  home  on  the  liners  Lapland  and  Min- 
nehaha. The  men  marched  from  the  railway  station 
and  local  camps  to  the  landing  stage  amid  the 
cheers  of  throngs  of  people  along  the  streets. 

— The  railroads  hire  EUhu  Root  to  fight  Government 
ownership.  John  D.  Ryan  resigns  as  head  of  the 
Aircraft  Board. 

— The  lifting  of  the  "llghtless  nights"  ban  puts  New 
York  City's  Great  White  Way  In  an  old-time 
blaze  of  Illumination. 

—Three  thousand  employees  of  the  Pennsylvania 
shipbuilding  plant  at  Gloucester  walked  out  after 
the  workmen  had  notified  the  company  they  would 
quit  unless  Charles  Colburn,  a  foreman,  was  dis- 
charged. The  company  refused  to  discharge  the 
man,  saying  he  can  do  work  no  other  man  in  the 
yard  can  do. 

— Fire,  which  started  on  the  new  $1,000,000  pier  at 
Canton  Wharf,  spread  to  the  Standard  OH  Com- 
pany's shlD  F.  C.  Barstow,  which  brought  a  cargo 
of  75,000  barrels  of  gasoline  into  port.  Within  5 
minutes  the  flames  spread  to  the  adjoining  whai-vea, 
and  himdreds  of  barrels  of  gasoline  were  exploding. 

— The  charge  of  making  seditious  utterances  In  a 
speech  at  St.  Paul  against  Senator  La  Follette  has 
been  passed  on  to  the  Senate  for  final  action.  The 
Committee  on  Privileges  and  Elections  by  a  vpte 
of  9  to  2  recommended  the  dismissal  of  the  charge. 


782 


General  Chronology— Continued. 


Nov.  22 — Male  clericals  ol  the  General  Electric  Works 
at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  were  given  a  horizontal  in- 
crease of  15  per  cent,  by  the  War  Labor  Board.  All 
claases  of  female  clerical  workers  were  given  an  In- 
crease of  20  per  cent.,  with  a  minimum  for  adult 
female  workers  of  S16.60  a  week.  The  minimum 
wage  for  adult  male  clerks  was  fl.\ed  at  $22.50  a 
week. 

Nov.  23 — Gen.  Pershing  reports  that  the  total  casu- 
alties In  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces  are 
236,117,  divided  as  follows:  Killed"  or  died  of 
wounds,  36,154;  died  of  disease,  14,811;  deaths  un- 
classified, 2,204;  wounded,  179,625;  prisoners. 
2,163;  missing,  1,160. 

-M3en.  Pershing's  forces  in  Luxemburg  and  all  along 
the  River  Moselle,  from  the  points  of  junction  with 
the  French  on  their  right  and  left,  looked  over  into 
Germany.  _    .v  .. 

— The  Finnish  paper  Turun  Sanoraat  reports  that 
there  has  been  a  further  wholesale  shooting  of  for- 
mer officers  in  Petrograd.  About  500  officers  have 
been  shot  in  the  last  few  days. 

— Two  hundred  and  seventy-eight  persons  have  been 
affected  by  the  dethronement  or  abdication  of  rul- 
ing houses  In  Germany,  the  Zeitung  am  Mittag  of 
Berlin  says.  Of  this  number,  33  were  of  the  royal 
Prussian  house  and  39  of  the  Bavarian  reigning 
family. 

— Polish  troops  capture  Lemberg. 

■ — All  German  soldiers  in  Poland  have  been  disarmed 
and  sent  to  Germany.  Gen.  von  Beseler,  German 
Governor  General  of  the  occupied  territory  In  Rus- 
sia, fled  In  the  night  and  the  Civil  Governor,  Herr 
Stelnmeister,  has  been  deported. 

— The  National  Council  of  French  Women  has  de- 
clined to  intercede  with  the  French  Government  to 
mitigate  the  terms  of  the  German  armistice. 

—Miss  Carrie  M.  Hall,  of  Nashua,  N.  H.,  formerly  m 
charge  of  the  Nurses'  Training  School  at  Peter 
Bent  Britham  Hospital,  Boston,  has  been  appointed 
chief  of  the  American  Red  Cross  nursing  forces  in 
France.  She  succeeds  Miss  Julia  Stimson,  who  as- 
simies  her  new  duties  as  chief  nurse  of  the  Ameri- 
can Expeditionary  Force. 

— Ignace  J.  Paderewski  sailed  for  England,  carrying 
power  of  attorney  to  act  for  all  the  Polish  commit- 
tees in  the  United  States. 

—  Cardinal  Gibbons  has  authorized  the  publication 
by  the  Zionist  organization  of  America  of  a  state- 
ment by  him  approving  the  project  to  establish  in 
Palestine  a  national  homeland  for  the  Jewish 
people. 

■ — Director  General  McAdoo  granted  to  railroad  sta- 

,  tlon  agents  a  general  wage  increase  of  $25  a  month 
above  the  rate  prevailing  on  Jan.  1,  with  a  mini- 
mum of  S95  a  month  Eight  hours  Is  a  day's  work, 
with  pro  rata  pay  for  2  hours'  overtime  and  time 
and  a  half  for  service  above  10  hours. 

— Prince  Axel  of  Denmark,  who  has  been  in  America 
for  nearly  2  months,  sailed  yesterday  for  England 
with  his  suite  on  a  British  llOer. 

— October  Imports  were  3247,000,000,  against 
5262,000,000  In  September,  and  5221,000,000  In 
October,  1917  Exports  aggregated  5503,000,000, 
compared  with  8550,000,000  in  September  of  this 
year,  and  5542,000,000  in  October,  1917.  For  the 
10  months  ending  with  October,  Imports  were 
82.569,000,000,  against  $2,504,000,000  In  1917. 
For  the  same  period  exports  were  85,063,000,000, 
as  compared  with  $5,146,000,000  for  the  same 
period  last  year. 

Nov.  24 — American  forces  have  demolished  the  bar- 
riers which  guarded  the  old  German  front  east  of 
Verdun,  consisting  of  reinforced  concrete  pillars 
stretching  along  the  old  front  for  a  distance  of  2 
miles,  "rhe  pillars  were  3  feet  apart  at  the  roads 
and  50  feet  apart  across  the  country.  They  were 
connected  by  2-lnch  cables.  Each  pillar  was  5  feet 
square  and  stood  8  feet  above  the  ground.  The 
Dinars  apparently  were  erected  a  year  or  more  ago, 
as  each  was  camouflaged  by  reeds  growing  In 
nearby  swamps,  the  concrete  being  scarcely  notice- 
able from  a  distance.  At  Mars-la-Tour,  at  the 
edge  of  the  village,  the  Americans  encountered 
tank  barriers  some  of  which  were  only  half  com- 
pleted. A  few  blasts  of  dynamite  soon  put  them 
out  of  commission.  At  Etain  the  Germans  had 
barriers  of  loes  chained  together  on  4  wheels,  the 
logs  being  movable  like  a  gate.  On  these  the  Ger- 
mans had  installed  Ingenious  devices  to  remove  the 
wheels  from  beneath  the  logs,  which  would  then 
drop  across  the  road  at  the  main  road  entrance 


into  Etaln.  This  log  barrier  was  just  at  the  west- 
ern entrance,  the  logs  acting  as  a  check  in  the 
event  that  the  mines  failed  to  destroy  the  bridge. 

— Prince  and  Princess  Joachim  Murat,  at  the  request 
of  the  Government,  have  placed  their  town  house 
at  No.  28  Rue  de  Monceau  at  the  disposal  of  the 
French  authorities  to  receive  President  and  Mrs. 
Wilson  during  thehr  stay  in  Paris. 

— William  Hohenzoll6rh,  the  former  Gelman  Em- 
peror, has  not  left  the  grounds  of  Amerongen 
Castle  since  he  was  Interned  there,  Dutch  news- 
papers say.  The  former  Emperor  begins  each  day 
with  a  walk  about  the  castle  grounds  and  then  at- 
tends a  religious  service,  conducted  by  Count  von 
Bentinck  or  the  Count's  son.  The  day  closes  with 
another  walk  in  the  gardens.  The  officers  of  his 
suite  dash  about  the  country  in  automobiles. 

— Field  Marshal  von  Hlndenburg  has  telegraphed  the 
Berlin  Government,  asserting  the  German  Army, 
because  of  the  terms  of  the  armistice  and  of  the 
Internal  situation,  Is  in  no  position  to  renew  fight- 
ing. He  added  that  even  operations  against  the 
French  Army  alone  would  be  Impossible. 

— The  United  Workers'  and  Soldiers'  Councils  have 
proclaimed  Oldenburg,  Oestfriesland.  Bremen. 
Hamburg  and  Schleswig-Holstein  a  republic.  The 
capital  win  be  at  Hamburg.  The  districts  named 
comprise  aU  the  North  Sea  coast  of  the  German 
Empire,  from  Holland  to  Denmark.  Bremen  and 
Hamburg  are  the  2  most  important  German  ship- 
ping ports-  and  are  free  cities.  The  Kiel  Canal 
traverses  Holsteln. 

— Permanent  Government  control  of  all  radio  com- 
munication through  the  acquisition  and  operation 
by  the  Navy  Department  of  all  shore  wireless  sta- 
tions in  the  United  States  used  for  commerlcal 
purposes  Is  planned  by  the  Administration  under 
a  bill  put  before  Congress. 

Nov.  25 — Marshal  Petain,  accompanied  by  Gen.  Cas- 
telnau,  made  solemn  entry  into  Strassburg  at  the 
head  of  the  army  of  Gen.  Gouraud.  The  French 
troops  were  received  with  acclamations.  On  the 
French  front  the  troops  continued  their  advance  in 
Luxemburg,  occupying  Merzlg,  Bellen,  Heider- 
scheid  and  Lemerle.  In  Lorraine  they  advanced 
also,  reaching  posUlons  along  the  River  Lauter 

— Italian  troops  have  occupied  Innsbruck,  capital  of 
the  Austrian  Tyrol,  In  accordance  with  the  terms 
of  the  Austrian  armistice.  They  also  took  posses- 
sion of  Landeck,  west  of  Innsbruck,  on  the  Inn 
River. 

— Some  of  the  coal  mines  at  Lens  have  been  so  dam- 
aged by  the  withdrawing  Germans  that  It  will  be 
Impossible  to  put  them  in  shape  tor  operation 
within  3  years.  Others  may  be  repaired  In  8 
months. 

— An  agreement  has  been  reached  between  the  Ger- 
man Soldiers  and  Workmen's  Council  and  the 
Government,  it  Is  ofUcialiy  announced  in  Berlin. 
The  agreement  provides  that  all  political  power  Is 
to  be  in  the  hands  of  the  German  Socialist  Republic 
and  the  Soldiers  and  Workmen's  Council. 

— Former  Emperor  Charles  of  Austria,  with  his  wife 
and  their  five  children.  Otto,  Robert,  Felix,  Carl 
and  Adelheid,  are  at  Eckertsau  Castle,  in  the  cen- 
tre of  a  vast  plain  devoted  to  farming.  The  struc- 
ture dates  from  the  twelfth  century,  but  has  been 
remodelled  and  handsomely  furnished,  so  that  now 
it  appears  as  a  luxurious  countrj'  place.  Though 
there  are  few  callers,  soldiers  are  constantly  on 
guard. 

— Three  hundred  and  eighty-two  officers  and  6,614 
men  of  the  air  service  and  other  detachments  train- 
ing In  England  are  homeward  bound  on  the  Mln- 
ne'kahda,  Lapland  and  Orca,  British  liners.  The 
first  2  ships  left  Liverpool  Nov.  22 ;  the  Orca  sailed 
Nov.  24. 

— The  Cunard  Line  steamship  Mauretania  s.alled 
from  Liverpool  for  New  York,  carrying  a  large 
number  of  passengers.  Early  in  the  war  she  tvas 
used  by  the  British  as  a  hospital  ship. 

— The  first  woman  to  be  appointed  an  Ambassador 
has  been  nominated  by  the  Hungarian  Govern- 
ment for  the  post  in  Switzerland.  She  Is  the  writer 
and  pacifist,  Rozslka  Schwimmer,  who  now  re- 
sides in  Switzerland.  Mme.  Schwimmer  has  ac- 
cepted. 

— Before  the  Public  Service  Commission,  at  New 
York,  George  W.  Markens  testified  the  New  York 
Telephone  Company  annually  overcharges  its 
patrons  $6,000,000  because  ol  "wrong  numbers," 
which,  he  asserts,  are  charged  as  completed  calls. 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


783 


Nov,  25 — The  Bosnian  National  Government  has 
addressed  a  note  to  Crown  Prince  Alexander  of 
Serbia,  asking  fer  an  immediate  reunion  of  Bosnia 
and  Herzegovina  with  the  Serbian  Kingdom,  under 
the  sovereignty  of  the  Kara-Georgevitch  dynasty, 
of  which  the  Crown  Prince  Is  the  ruling  head. 

—Half  dead  from  starvation  and  disease,  1,321  sur- 
vivors of  the  original  total  of  2,100  Bolshevik 
prisoners  and  refugees  in  a  train  sent  across  Siberia 
by  the  Czecho-Slovait  troops  fighting  in  Samara, 
European  Russia,  have  arrived  at  Nikolsk,  near 
Vladivostok.  Of  the  800  missing,  some  were  shot 
while  trying  to  escape  from  the  train.  Others  threw 
themselves  from  car  windows. 

— It  is  officially  announced  that  Peru  has  withdrawn 
her  Consuls  from  Chili  as  a  result  of  the  renewal  of 
anti-Peruvian  rioting  in  Iquique  and  Antofagasta. 
The  Tacna-Arica  controversy  is  approaching  a 
critical  stage.  The  Peruvian  Clul)  was  closed  and 
the  Peruvian  Consul  was  forcibly  placed  aboard 
the  Chiiian  steamer  Palena,  bound  lor  Callao. 

— The  naval  estimates  for  the  fiscal  year  beginning 
July  1  are  to  be  reduced  81,180,315,573.  The  orig- 
inal estimate  was  82,644,307,046.  In  the  Depart- 
ment of  Ordnance,  $313,421,716  is  to  be  lopped  off. 
The  pay  of  theroavy  is  to  be  cut  $275,324,285. 
Naval  aviation  will  be  reduced  $133,770,700. 

— Soldiers  and  sailors,  in  New  York  City,  repulsed 
after  an  attack  in  force  on  Aladison  Square  Garden 
— where  more  than  12,000  Reds  were  gathered  in 
mass  meeting  to  "send  fraternal  greetings  to  the 
Socialists  of  Germany — roamed  the  lower  part  of 
the  city,  particularly  the  east  side,  beating  every 
man  they  found  wearing  a  red  emblem  of  Socialism. 
Hundreds  of  the  service  men,  armed  with  sticlis  and 
clubs,  had  tried  to  batter  their  way  into  the  Gar- 
den and  had  been  driven  ott  after  a  struggle  by 
police  afoot  and  ahorse. 

— Reduction  of  wages  will  be  opposed  by  the  work- 
ers, Frank  Morrison,  Secretary  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor,  said  in  'a  statement  dealing 
with  reconstruction  as  it  affects  labor. 

— Andrew  Carnegie  passed  his  elght.v-third  milestone. 
He  spent  the  day  at  home,  except  for  a  2-hour  drive 
in  the  morning.  He  entertained  a  few  relatives  at 
luncheon  and  in  the  afternoon  strolled  in  the 
grounds  surrounding  his  residence  at  Fifth  Avenue 
and  91st  Street. 

— "The  Pershing  Republican  League"  has  been 
launched  at  Columbus,  C,  to  "crystalize  the  al- 
ready existing  sentiment  for  Gen.  John  J.  Pershing 
as  President  of  the  United  States  in  1920  and  to 
work  for  his  nomination  and  election." 

— At  Poughkeepsle,  N.  Y.,  Henriette  G.  Cappanni 
and  Mrs.  Androcles  G.  Gographer  of  Watch  Hill, 
R.  I.,  started  a  contest  of  the  will  of  Thomas  B 
Hidden,  New  York  real  estate  operator,  who  died  at 
Sharon,  lea\'ing  §2,000,000.  The  nieces  charge 
Hidden  was  not  eompetent. 

• — William  Travers  Jerome,  former  District  Attorney 
of  New  York  County,  was  named  by  Surrogate 
C'ohalan  trustee  to  succeed  James  Gordon  Bennett 
in  administering  that  part  of  the  Bennett  estate 
left  to  Miss  Jeannette  Bennett,  now  Mrs.  Isaac 
Bell.  The  procedure  in  no  way  involves  the  New 
York  Herald.  Mr.  Jerome  filed  a  surety  bond  for 
$600,000  for  the  faithful  performance  of  his  duties. 

Nov.  26 — Marshal  Foch,  Allied  Commander  in 
Chief,  has  established  headquarters  in  Luxem- 
burg with  his  staff.  There  were  no  ceremonies. 
The  American  forces  were  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Moselle,  the  extreme  left  being  at  the  frontier  vil- 
lage of  Wallendorf.  From  this  point  the  line  ex- 
tended along  the  Saner  River  as  far  south  as 
Garsch.  Among  the  other  imits  on  the  American 
front  was  the  aath  Infantry  of  the  1st  Division, 
with  Its  headquarters  at  Ehnen.  Lieut.  Col. 
Theodore  Roosevelt,  Jr.,  occupies  a  room  in  a 
hotel  there,  formerly  occupied  by  Major  von  Hin- 
denburg,  son  of  the  Field  Marshal.  It  overlooks 
the  Moselle  vineyards. 
•-The  French  Armies  marching  through  lyii.Kemburg 
reached  the  German  frontier  east  of  Welswam- 
pach  and  Heinerscheid.  Beyond  Treves  the  with- 
drawal of  the  Germans  is  being  received  with  open 
arms  by  the  civilians. 

— Strassburg  was  still  at  the  height  of  its  celebration 
when  Marshal  Petain,  with  Gen.  Gouraud,  made 
his  ofiScial  entry  into  the  city.  The  passage  of  the 
troops  was  declare<l  to  be  one  of  the  finest  military 
spectacles  ever  witnessed.  The  long  column  of 
soldiers  marched  S  abreast  and  was  accompanied 


on  either  side  by  a  line  of  Alsatian  girls.  Marshal 
Petain  everywhere  was  greeted  most  warmly.  One 
of  the  features  of  the  parade  was  Miss  Margaret 
Wilson,  who  wore  a  tricolored  cockade  in  her  hat. 

— The  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg  has  been  trans- 
formed into  a  republic  under  a  directory,  composed 

.  of  5  Social  Democrats,  3  bourgeois  and  2  former 
Ministers.  The  Duke  of  Brunswick  and  his 
family  have  gone  to  Augsburg.  A  meeting,  rep- 
resenting Bremen,  Hanover,  Hamburg,  Flensburg, 
Osnabrueck  and  Wilhelmshaven,  passed  a  resolu- 
tion to  stand  behind  the  Government  and  demand 
a  National  Assembly  by  a  vote  of  81  to  20.  There 
was  also  a  defeat  for  the  extremists  at  a  meeting 
representing  the  lOth  Army  Corps  at  Hanover, 
where,  140  to  4,  a  resolution  was  passed  against 
efforts  to  establish  a  dictatorship  and  demanding 
the  summoning  of  a  Constituent  Assembly. 

— Gen.  liUdendorft  has  left  Sassnitz,  Prussia,  for 
Sweden.  His  position  in  the  German  military  sys- 
tem was  that  of  First  Quartermaster  General. 

— Russian  Bolshevik  troops  have  crossed  the  River 
Narva  on  a  broad  front  and  have  entered  Esthonia, 
between  the  Gulf  of  Finland  and  Lake  Peipus. 
General  mobilization  has  been  ordered  in  Esthonia, 
which  the  Germans  are  expected  to  leave  within  a 
fortnight.  Over  the  Northern  Russian  front  the 
rivers  are  ice-bound  and  the  Bolshevist  gunboats, 
which  have  menaced  American  and  Allied  forces 
on  the  Dvina  River,  have  been  forced  to  with- 
draw. The  Bolshevists  have  mounted  big  guns 
south  of  the  Allied  Armies. 

— Workers  of  France  ask  lor  a  seat  at  Peace  Confer- 
ence. 

— During  the  13  months  preceding  the  armistice  709 
bombing  raids  were  made  by  British  aviators  over 
German  territory.  The  list  of  large  towns  visited 
shows  that  52  were  bombed  during  the  oeriod. 

— Difficulties  between  Peru  and  Chili,  which  resulted 
in  the  recall  of  consular  representatives  by  each 
nation  from  the  principal  cities  of  its  neighbor 
have  been  overcome  by  an  apology  on  the  part  of 
the  Peruvian  Government. 

— Several  hundred  soldiers,  sailors  and  marines  laid 
siege  to  the  Palm  Garden,  where  a  mass  meeting  of 
Internationalists  was  in  session.  The  men  in  uni- 
form gathered  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Garden  early 
in  the  evening,  threatening  persons  attending  and 
daring  the  Socialists  and  Internationalists  to  dis- 
play their  forbidden  banners.  When  one  was 
flaunted — and  by  a  woman — there  was  a  rush  that 
the  police  couldn't  stay.  The  woman  was  swept 
from  her  feet  and  the  banner  torn  from  her  hands 
before  the  police  could  rescue  her.  The  soldiers, 
sailors  and  marines — some  of  them  men  on  crutches 
recently  returned  from  France — held  the  banner 
up  on  a  stick  and  burned  It,  singing  "The  Star 

,    Spangled  Banner." 

i— The  Leviathan,  formerly  the  Hambm'g-American 

'  lined  Vaterland,  transported  94,195  American 
fighting  men  to  France  since  she  first  sailed  from 
New  York  as  an  American  transport  on  Dec.  15, 
1917,  vmtll  Nov.  5,  when  she  was  laid  up  in  Liver- 
pool for  hier  annual  overhauling. 

— The  United  States  Government  has  refused  to  ap- 
prove the  proposed  transfer  to  a  British  syndicate 
of  the  vessels  now  under  British  registry  owned  by 
the  International  Mercantile  Marine  Corporation. 
The  vessels  number  85,  of  an  aggregate  of  730,000 
gross  tons.  ,  ,         ,, 

— James  F.  Regan,  whose  real  name,  the  police  say, 
is  Leo  Seliinger,  and  who,  under  the  former  name, 
is  serving  a  10-year  sentence  in  Sing  Sing  for  bur- 
glary, confessed  that  he,  not  Elizabeth  Baksa, 
murdered  Mrs.  Helen  Hamel,  whose  body  was 
found  in  the  kitchen  of  her  rooming  house  at  No. 
507  West  Twenty-third  Street,  New  York,  Feb. 
14,  1918. 

— Over  the  protests  of  6  Socialists  and  1  Democrat, 
the  New  York  Board  of  Aldermen  passed  the  Anti- 
Red  Flag  Ordinance.  The  vote  stood  58  to  7. 
The  ordinance  reads:    "No  red  or  black  flag  and 

f  no  banner,  ensign,  or  sign  having  upon  it  any  in- 
scription opposed  to  organized  government,  or 
which  is  sacrilegious  or  which  may  be  derogatory 
to  public  morals,  shall  be  displayed  or  carried 
through  the  streets  of  the  city  in  any  procession  or 
parade.  Any  person  who  shall  violate  any  pro- 
vision of  this  section  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of 
not  more  than  $100,  or  by  imprisonment  for  not 
exceeding  10  days,  or  by  tooth  such  fine  and  tm- 
prisonment." 


784 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


Nov.  26 — Ten  thousand  munition  workers  were  dis- 
charged when  5  plants  ot  the  Westinghouse  Elec- 
tric  and    Manufacturing'    Company,    working  on 
war  work,  closed  down  following   cancellation   of 
British  and  United  States  contracts. 
— Deaths  in  the  navy  from  "war  causes"  totalled 
1,233,  Surgeon  General  Braisted  told  the  Hoase 
Naval  Committee.     No  figures  were  given  as  to 
deaths  from  disease.    The  bodies  of  practically  all 
navy  men  dying  in  foreign  service,  the  Surgeon 
General  said,  have  been  returned  home.    He  said 
there  were  15,000  patients  in  naval  hospitals  and 
that  the  Instltutiorts  in  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Boston  and  Norfolk  were  crowded. 
Nov.  27 — Forces  of  the  American  Army  of  Occupa- 
tion  have   been   across   the   German   frontier   in 
Rhenish  Prussia  since  Nov.  24,  and  a  large  party 
of  American  soldiers  spend  their  Thanksgiving  on 
German  soil.    While  there  are  a  few  stragglers  be- 
hind it,  the  Germa,n  line  in  front  of  the  Americans 
runs  generally  from  Bitburg,  through  Treves  to 
Oberemmel,  Oberzerf  and  Losheim.     This  line  is 
from  8  to  17  miles  within  Rhenish  Prussia,  across 
the  Luxemburg  border. 
—The  advance  of  the  British  Army  on  the  western 
front  has  reached  the  general  line  of  Beho,  Wer- 
bemont  and  Aywaille,  south  ot  Liege. 
— AU  German  soldiers,  with  the  exceptions  of  the 
classes  of   1898  and   1899,  are  being  discharged. 
These  2  classes  are  to  be  held  In  service  until  Field 
Marshal   von   Hindenburg    sees   fit   to   discharge 
them. 
— Marshal  Foch,  accompanied  by  Gen.  de  Castelnau, 
arrived  at  Strassburg  and  reviewed  the  Army  of 
Occupation.    He  then  passed  through  the  town  at 
the  head  of  the  troops. 
■ — The  former  German  Emperor  went  for  a  drive  with 
his  host.  Count  von  Bentinck,  accompanied  by  the 
usual  police  guard.    He  almost  daily  receives  flow- 
ers and  dainties  from  friends,  but  as  often  letters 
or  post  cards  are  delivered  at  the  castle  addressed 
"William  Hohenzollern,"  in  which  the  senders  ex- 
press hatred,  contempt  or  execration.     The  mis- 
sives are  withheld  from  him. 
— The  Czecho-Slovak  Department  of  National  De- 
fense has  mobilized  the  active  reservists  for  1895 
to  1899,  inclusive,  and  ordered  all  men  under  arms 
up  to  40  years  of  age  to  remain  in  the  service. 
— Twenty-seven  German  submarines  were  surrend- 
ered at  Harwich  to  the  British  alli&s.    This  brings 
the  total  of  German  U  boats  turned  over  to  114. 
— More  than  1,500,000  prisoners  have  been  released 
by  the  Germans.     Of  this  number  approximately 
250,000  will  pass  through  the  American  lines  and 
will  be  fed  by  the  Americans.     Most  of  them  are 
French,   English,   Italian   and   American  soldiers. 
The  army,  assisted  bv  the  Salvation  Army,  Young 
Men's  Christian  Association  and  the  Knights  of 
Columbus,  is  shouldering  the  bulk  of  the  task.    The 
population  of  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxemburg  has 
been  doubled  by  the  arrival  of  the  Army  of.  Occu- 
pation.   The  physical  condition  of  American  pris- 
oners released  from  German  prison  camps  is  de- 
clared In  general  as  good  as  could  be  expected. 
—Strassburg  did  not  w.iit  the  arrival  of  the  French 
troops  before  beginning  its  celebration,  according 
to  reports  from  that  city.    Eight  hundred  students 
on  the  night  of  Nov.  20-21,  under  the  leadership 
of  an  old  man,  pulled  down  the  statue  of  Emperor 
William  I.  in  the  Kaiserplatz  and  carried  it  to  the 
foot  of  the  statue  of  Kleber,  a  noted  French  Gen- 
eral.    Other  students  decapitated  the  statues  of 
William  I.,  Frederick  III.  and  William  II.  in  front 
of  the  post  office. 
■ — A   convention   of   delegates,   representing   all   the 
Soldiers'  and  Workmen's  Councils  in  Germany,  has 
been  summoned  to  meet  in  Berlin  on  Dec.  16. 
' — Roumanian  Transylvania  has  proclaimed  its  inde- 
pendence and  has  sent  an  ultimatum  to  the  H\m- 
garian  Government,  asking  that  all  political,  ad- 
ministrative and  judicial  departments  in  territor- 
ies  inhabited   by   Roumanians   in   Hungary   and 
Transylvania  be  handed  over.     Hungary  has  re- 
fused and  the  National  Roumanian  Government 
has  broken  off  negotiations. 
•—At  Constantinople,  British  troops  marched  from 
their  ships  to  the  British  Embassy  and  through 
applauding  crowds  to  barracks  just  evacuated  by 
the  Germans.     The  right  of  civil  trial  under  the 
Armenian  Patriarchate  has  been  restored  to  Ar- 
menians, although  the  Patriarch  Is  still  in  banish- 
ment in  Mesopotamia. 


— That  politics  is  couti'olieJ  in  iue  coal  mining  re- 
gions of  Pennsylvania  by  the  coal  barons  and 
brewers  and  that  they,  In  turn,  are  controlled  by 
Senator  Penrose,  was  the  substance  of  testimony 
given  before  the  Senate  Committee  on  Manu- 
factures by  William  Wilhelm,  an  attorney  of 
Pottsville,  Pa. 

— The  seventy-seventh  anniversary  of  the  Brooklyn 
Daily  Eagle  was  celebrated  in  the  Eagle  Auditor- 
ium, Washington  and  Johnson  Streets.  Therfe 
were  addresses  by  H.  V.  Kaltenborn,  Maurice  Mc- 
Loughlin,  Chaplain  Percy  T.  Edrop,  T.  R.  Keu- 
ney,  Herbert  F.  Gunnison  and  Don  C.  Seitz. 

— The  will  of  Mrs.  Mary  E.  Jones,  widow  of  Dr. 
Oliver  E.  Jones,  of  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  L.  I.,  was 
filed  for  probate  in  the  Surrogate's  office  at  that 
town.  Miss  Rosalie  Jones,  the  Suffragist,  a  daugh- 
ter, is  one  of  the  executors,  as  are  2  sons,  Charles 
H.  and  Philip  H.  An  estate  estimated  at  more 
than  35,000,000  is  disposed  of.  The  entire  sum  is 
left  to  the  children,  with  one  small  exception.  Mrs. 
Jones  is  credited  with  owning  real  estate  in  every 
county  in  New  York  State  and  property  in  every 
State  in  the  United  States. 

— Commanders  of  the  Students'  Training  Corps  at 
more  than  500  universities,  colleges  and  secondary 
schools  received  orders  from  the  War  Depaitraeut 
to  demobilize  the  units. 

— Senator  Phelan  of  California  presented  to  Presi- 
dent Wilson  a  petition  from  the  priests  of  the 
Roman  Catholic  archdiocese  of  San  Francisco,  ask- 
ing the  President's  support  for  the  claims  of  Ire- 
land to  be  a  free  and  independent  nation. 

— During  the  war  American  factories  have  produced 
in  excess  of  12,000  airplanes,  31,814  motors,  and 
all  equipment  to  go  ^vith  them.  Up  to  Nov.  22  a 
total  of  15,131  Liberty  motors  had  been  manufac- 
tured, and  the  output  of  these  engines  had  reached 
150  a  day.  The  country  has  produced  30,000  Lewis 
flexible  type  aircraft  machine  guns  and  35,000  Mar- 
lin  fixed  type  guns,  in  addition  to  all  the  machine 
guns  used  by  the  land  forces.  Armor  piercing, 
tracer  and  incendifiry  bullets  .are  used. 

— Announcement  that  the  Government,  through  the 
Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  had  definitely  de- 
cided to  purchase  the  real  estate  of  the  Hog  Island 
Shipyard  and  thus  become  sole  owner  of  the  ship- 
building establishment  was  made.  The  Govern- 
ment has  expended  360,000,000  in  equiping  the 
plant. 

— A  combination  of  steel  interests  is  forming  an  or- 
ganization under  the  Webb-Pomerene  export  act 
to  compete  with  the  United  States  Steel  Corpora- 
tion tor  foreign  trade.  Twenty -five  or  more  of  the 
rivals  of  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation  have 
agreed  to  pool  their  interests,  and  send  commercial 
representatives  to  every  nation  in  Europe  to  seek 
contracts. 

Nov.  28 — King  George,  the  Prince  of  Wales  and 
Prince  Albert  arrived  in  Paris.  His  Majesty  was 
received  at  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  Station  by  Presi- 
dent Poincare,  Premier  Clcmenceau,  Foreign  Min- 
ister Pichon  and  other  Cabinet  Ministers  and  the 
Presidents  of  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  and  the 
Senate.  Enormous  crowds  tlironged  the  streets, 
in  sj)ite  of  the  bad  weather,  all  the  way  from  the 
railroad  station  to  the  Quai  d'Orsay,  where  the 
royal  party  arrived  at  3.30  o'clock. 

— It  is  officially  announced  that  during  the  war  the 
forces  of  Great  Britain  lost  nearly  1.000,000  men, 
killed  or  dead  through  various  causes.  Recently  it 
was  stated  that  the  British  losses  totalled  658,704, 
but  this  number  did  not  take  into  consideration 
men  who  were  reported  missing  who  actually  lost 
their  lives,  but  of  whom  there  is  no  trace. 

— The  Royal  Air  Force  had  completed  all  prepara- 
tions for  the  bombing  of  Berlin  on  Nov.  9  with  19 
Handley-Page  planes,  each  carrying  3,500  pounds 
of  bombs,  according  to  an  official  report;  The 
weather  proving  bad,  the  r.iid  was  postponed  until 
Nov.  11,  but  the  tu'misticc  was  signed  that  same 
morning. 

— Advance  guards  of  the  British  troops  have  reached 
the  Belgian-German  frontier  in  the  region  between 
Beho  and  Stavelot  and  are  in  possession  of  more 
than  1,400  surrendered  German  guns. 
— At  a  dinner  by  American  aviators  in  honor  of  their 
French  comrade.',  it  was  announced  by  the  Under 
Secretary  of  Aviation  that  of  240  American  pilots 
in  the  Lafayette  Squadron  60  lost  their  lives. 


General  Chronology— CojiHnued. 


785 


Nov.  28 — Belgium  is  cleur  of  German  troops.  Tlieie 
haa  been  little  destruction  In  the  country  east  of 
Mons;  in  the  area  between  Mons  and  Sharleroi 
the  mines  and  lactories  are  working. 

—Both  Chambers  of  the  Spanish  Parliament  have 
.  approved  the  formation  of  a  League  of  Nations  and 
will  name  a  Spanish  representative  in  that  organ- 
ization. 

— The  American  Thanksgiving  Day  was  celebrated 
in  England  as  never  before.  At  all  the  naval  bases 
the  American  naval  units  were  entertained,  while 
the  officers  and  crews  of  the  5  American  battle- 
sliips  in  the  Firth  of  Forth  were  guests  on  board 
British  warships  there.  In  London  the  programme 
included  a  football  game  at  Chelsea  between  teams 
of  sailors  and  a  mid-day  dinner  at  Albert  Hall, 
where  400  British  sailors  were  the  hosts  of  400 
American  tars.  High  mass  lor  officers  and  men  was 
celebrated  at  Westminster  Cathedral.  Scores'  of 
American  wounded  were  conspicuous  there.  Spe- 
cial arrangements  had  been  made  by  the  Knights 
of  Columbus  to  convey  them  from  the  various 
London  hospitals.  The  Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  Hewlett, 
Administrator  of  Westminster  Cathedral,  read  an 
address,  which  was  identical  with  one  delivered  by 
Cardinal  Bourne  at  Paris.  American  priests  with 
the  army  and  navy  in  England  officiated.  These 
were  the  Rev.  J.  J.  Duff,  of  Philadelphia;  the  Rev. 
J.  Edmanton,  of  Brooldyn,  N.  Y.,  and  the  Rev. 
Edmund  C.  Sliney,  of  South  Boston.  At  night 
there  were  2  big  dinners,  one  of  the  American  So- 
ciety and  the  other  of  the  American  Officers'  Club, 
where  the  Americans  entertained  British  guests. 
The  American  Red  Cross  supplied  all  the  Ameri- 
cans in  English  hospitals  with  a  turkey  dinner  and 
gave  dinners  to  500  officers  in  different  camps. 
The  crews  of  150  American  ships,  all  the  way  from 
Gibraltar  to  the  Shetland  Islands,  were  enter- 
tained by  British  seamen. 

»— At  Lima,  Peru,  the  Cabinet  and  Senate  have  ap- 
proved the  protest  of  the  Foreign  Minister  to  Chili 
against  the  anti-Peruvian  riots  at  Iqulque.  Peru 
will  demand  indemnities. 

—Vice-President  Marshall  has  cancelled  the  speak- 
ing tour  for  which  he  was  booked  and  will  remain 
in  Washington  during  the  President's  absence 
abroad. 

—•The  sentence  of  Thomas  J.  Mooney,  condemned  to 
be  hanged  on  Dec.  13  for  the  deattis  of  10  persons 
killed  by  a  bomb  explosion  in  San  Francisco  during 
a  preparedness  parade  in  July,  1916,  was  com- 
muted by  Gov.  W.  D.  Stephens  to  imprisonment 
for  life. 

—Officials  of  the  Independent  Order  of  B'nai  B'rith 
present^l  to  President  Wilson  a  gold  medal 
awarded  to  him  by  the  society  last  October  as  the 
man  who  rendered  the  most  distinguished  service 
to  humanity  during  the  year.        ,      ,     , . 

Probably  the  first  aerial  banquet  in  the  history  of 

the  world  was  eaten  2,800  feet  above  New  Jersey 
by  9  passengers  in  the  Handley-Page  airplane 
which  will  carry  mail  regularly  between  New  York 
and  Chicago  beginning  Dec.  15.  A  regular  Thanks- 
giving Day  dinner  was  served  with  nothing  elimi- 
nated from  the  menu  except  soup. 

'"—Demand  has  been  made  by  the  Polish  National 
Department  and  the  Polish  National  Defense  Com- 
mittee that  the  United  States  send  a  special  com- 
mission to  Poland  to  investigate  existing  condi- 
tions and  report  its  findings.  The  special  commis- 
sion is  to  have  Jewish  and  Polish  membership. 

—The  engagement  was  announced  of  Miss  Margaret 
Carnegie,  only  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Andrew 
Carnegie  and  heiress  to  the  steel  man's  millions,  to 
Roswell  Miller,  son  of  the  late  Roswell  Miller,  who 
was  President  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Raih-oad.  .  ^  ^ 

— The  American  flag  was  the  only  banner  carried  by 

the  several  thousand  striking  cooks  and  waiters 

who  paraded  through  the  New  York  hotel  district. 

•  As  a  result,  there  was  no  excitement,  though  the 

streets  were  lined  with  sailors  and  soldiers. 

—Aerial  defense  of  the  American  coast  line  is  part 
of  the  plans  of  the  Navy  Department,  the  House 
Naval  Affairs  Committee  was  informed  by  Capt. 
Steele,  United  States  Naval  Air  Service,  and  Rear 
Admiral  Taylor,  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Construc- 
tion and  Repair.  It  is  intended  to  have  90  sta- 
tions distributed  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
coasts  and  Including  Panama,  Hawaii,  Guam, 
Alaska  and  the  Philippines,  where  trlplanes,  which 


can  develop  160  miles  an  hour,  and  dirigibles,  some 
of  the  Zeppelin  type,  will  base.  The  cost  Is  esti- 
mated at  385,769,300  for  the  next  fiscal  year.  The 
fleet  of  dirigibles- would  include  4  huge  ships  of  the 
rigid  type,  costing  SI, 500,000  each;  12  smaller 
balloons,  to  cost  about  5250,000  each,  and  a  num- 
ber of  still  smaller  type,  costing  $75,000  each.  The 
operation  of  the  coastal  stations  would  cost  about 
$8,000,000.  Training  stations  would  require 
53,000,000  more,  and  experimental  stations 
83,000,000. 

Nov.  29 — The  formal  document  of  Emperor  William's 
abdication  has  arrived  in  Berlin.  The  Berlin 
Government  had  sent  a  telegram  to  the  ex-Kaiser, 
in  Holland,  demanding  the  formal  abdication  of 
himself  and  the  ex-Crown  Prince. 

—Austria-Hungary  lost  4,000,000  killed  and  wounded 
during  the  war,  according  to  an  Exchange  Tele- 

fraph  despatch  from   Copenhagen.     There  were 
00,000  killed,  Including  17,000  officers. 

— It  is  announced  that  approximately  200  German 
submarines  were  destroyed  during  the  war.  The 
total  number  of  all  types  built  by  the  Germans  is 
estimated  to  have  been  360. 

— In  a  raw,  misty  morning,  Frau  Auguste  Victoria, 
wife  of  the  once  German  Emperor,  arrived  by  auto- 
mobile from  Potsdam  to  join  her  husband  in  exile 
in  Amerongen  Castle.  She  was  handed  over  to~ 
Count  von  Bentinck,  by  the  Captain  of  the  rural 
gendarmerie,  who,  acting  under  orders,  had  es- 
corted her  from  the  first  Dutch  frontier  .station. 
The  former  Empress  wore  a  plain,  dark  tailor-made 
velvet  dress  and  a  hat  and  veil  that  did  not  con- 
ceal her  silver  hair.  There  was  no  official  reception 
or  demonstration  of  any  kind. 

—Field  Marshal  Haig's  report  shows  the  British 
Army  has  reached  the  German  frontier  along  the 
whole  of  the  front,  from  Just  north  of  the  Duchy 

1    of  Luxemburg  to  the  neighborhood  of  Lupen. 

— The    frontier    bridges    between    Luxemburg    and 

,  Rhenish  Pmssia  have  been  crossed  by  American 
engineers  at  various  points  on  the  American  front, 
say  reports  from  Luxemburg.  They  examined  the 
bridge  piers  on  both  sides  of  the  river  for  mines, 
but  none  were  found.    The  ends  of  the  bridges  on 

I  the  Luxemburg  aide  are  guarded  by  Americans. 
Civilians  are  allowed  to  pass,  provided  they  show 
proper  passes.  German  soldiers  and  civilians  are 
permitted  to  cross  into  Luxemburg  only  if  they 
agree  to  stay  in  Luxemburg  until  the  army  has 
moved  into  Rhenish  Prussia. 

— "Liberty  cabbage,"  ex-sauerkraut,  has  been  served 
in  American  messes.  The  Americans  found  five 
carloads  of  it  when  they  entered  Arlon,  Belgium, 
along  with  several  cars  of  potatoes,  many  tons  of 
turnips  and  other  perishables,  which  were  served 
at  Thanksgiving  dinners.  Only  one  turkey  was 
served  Thanksgiving  Day  in  the  entire  American 
Army  of  Occupation.  This  was  at  the  mess  of 
fifteen  officers  at  Remlch,  who  bought  the  turkey 
Nov.  11.  Other  dinners  had  venison,  ducks, 
chicken,  plenty  of  beef,  nuts  and .  sweetmeats. 

— Brand  Whitlock,  American  Minister  to  Belgium, 
formally  notified  the  United  States  State  Depart- 
ment of  his  reoccupation  of  the  legatloh  at  Brussels, 
relieving  the  Spanish  Minister,  who  cared  for 
American  interests  during  the  German  occupation. 

— Prince  Antoine  Gaston  Philippe  of  Bourbon- 
Orleans,  great-grandson  of  King  Louis  Philippe 
of  France,  has  died  in  a  military  hospital  from  in- 
juries suffered  in  the  fall  of  an  airplane.  He  was 
flying  from  France  to  England  and  was  forced  to 
make  a  landing  at  Old  Southgate.  The  plane 
got  out  of  control  and  crashed  Into  a  cottage. 
The  pilot  was  killed  and  the  Prince  was  fatally 
hurt.  He  was  the  son  of  Prince  Gaston,  Count 
d'Eu,  and  Princess  Isabelle  of  Braganza.  He  was 
bom  in  1881  and  early  in  the  war  was  a  Captain 
in  the  Royal  Canadian  Dragoons. 

— At  Peking,  the  celebrations  of  the  victory  over 
Germany  opened  with  a  review  of  the  Chinese  and 
Allied  troops  by  President  Hsu  Shih  Chang. 
The  square  fronting  the  throne  room  was  filled 
with  two  regiments  of  Chinese  soldiers  and  picked 
troops  from  the  Allied  contingents.  The  centre 
of  the  square  was  occupied  by  an  American  Marine 
Band,  flanked  by  three  British  soldiers  and  three 
Cossacks  carrying  their  respective  flags.  Behind 
were  French  and  Anamite  troops,  facing  Japanese 
and  Italian  detachments.  The  President  passed 
through  the  square  under  an  arch  of  Allied  flags. 


786 


General  Chronology — Continued. 


Nov.  29 — Vlsoount  Buxton,  Governor-General  ol 
South  Africa,  said  to-day  that  the  number  of  deaths 
Irom  influenza  among  Europeans  and  natives  of 
South  Africa  was  estimated  at  60,000. 

—It  was  announced  at  the  White  House  that  the 
representatives  of  the  United  States  at  the  Peace 
Conferences  would  be  the  President  himself,  the 
Secretary  of  State,  the  Hon.  Henry  White,  re- 
cently Ambassador  to  France;  Mr.  Edward  M. 
House  and  Gen.  Taslter  H  Bliss.  It  was  explained 
that  it  had  not  been  possible  to  announce  these 
appointments  before,  because  tlie  number  of 
representatives  each  of  the  chief  belligerents  was 
to  send  had  until  a  day  or  two  ago  been  under 
discussion. 

— From  his  cell  in  California,  Thomas  J.  Mooney 
issued  a  statement  protesting  against  Governor 
Stephen's  commutation  of  his  sentence  to  life 
imprisonment.  "I  would  rather  die,"  he  said, 
"than  be  condemned  to  a  living  grave."  Mooney 
also  appealed  to  labor  leaders  to  continue  their 
eflorts  in  his  behalf. 

— It  cost  85,045,000,000  to  run  the  American  Army 
during  the  year  ended  June  30,  last;  51,368,000,000 
for  the  navy,  and  81,516,000,000  for  the  Civil 
Government  proper.  The  Shipping  Board  spent 
8862,000,000  and  5181,000,000  was  paid  out  in 
pensions,  a  total  of  $9,572,000,000.  These  figures 
are  shown  to-day  by  the  annual  report  of  John 
Burke,  Treasurer  of  the  United  States,  to  Secre- 
tary McAdoo.  The  public  debt  June  30,  was 
$12,396,000,000. 

— .\t  Chicago,  Mme.  Amellta  M.  Galll-Curci,  grand 
opera  prima  donna,  filed  suit  for  divorce  from  her 
liusband,  Lulgl  C.  Curci,  alleging  extreme  and 
repeated  cruelty. 

— The  four-masted  schooner  Alice  May  of  New 
Yorli  was  driven  high  on  the  beach  west  of  the 
Forge  River  Coast  Guard  station,'opposite  Mastic, 
L.  I. 

Nov.  30 — The  German  Government  has  proposed 
to  the  Entente  nations  that  a  neutral  commission 
be  established  to  examine  the  question  as  to  who 
was  responsible  for  the  war.  The  proposal  Is  con- 
tained In  a  note  sent  to  Switzerland  for  trans- 
mission, to  France,  Great  Britain,  Italy  and  the 
United  States.  It  asks  that  all  the  belligerents 
place  their  secret  documents  at  the  disposal  of 
the  commission. 

— A  red  flag  hoisted  over  the  University  of  Leipzig 
by  the  Soldiers  and  Workers'  Council  was  hauled 
down  by  students. 

— Speaking  before  the  Fabian  Society  at  London, 
George  Bernard  Shaw  said  that  before  the  war 
England  had  a  choice  between  an  alliance  with 
the  United  States  or  with  Russia,  and  that  she 
had  deliberately  chosen  Russia,  with  'conse- 
quences we  all  know." 

— Douglas  Fairbanks,  comedian  and  movie  star,  was 
divorced  by  his  wife.  A  process  server  for  Mrs. 
Beth  S.  Fairbanks,  who  is  a  daughter  of  Daniel 
J.  Sully,  the  former  cotton  king,  served  the  com- 
plaint on  Fairbanks  in  Sherry's  on  October  22, 
but  secrecy  was  maintained  till  the  suit  camff  to 
trial  at  New  Rochelle. 

— King  Albert  and  the  Belgian  royal  family  made 
their  official  entry  into  Liege  at  the  head  of  the 
troops  who  conducted  the  defense  of  that  town  In 
191^.  The  King  and  Queen  and  Gen.  Leman, 
defender  of  Liege,  were  cheered  by  the  crowds. 

— The  Allied  naval  squadron  anchored  oH  Sebastopol, 
the  Russian  naval  base  In  the  Crimea.  The 
Russian  ships,  which  were  in  the  hands  of  the 
Germans,  and  also  some  German  submarines, 
were  surrendered  to  the  Allied  naval  representor 
fives. 

— The  Soldiers'  Council  of  Greater  Berlin  resolved 
to  Investigate  the  Executive  Council  of  twenty- 
eight  men. 

— The  Republic  of  Lithuania  has  been  proclaimed 
at  Riga  in  the  presence  of  the  National  Council 
and  great  numbers  of  the  population,  the  Rhenish 
Westphalian  Gazette  of  Essen  states.  Karl  IIU- 
mann  Is  the  President  of  the  new  republic. 

• — The  Executive  Council  of  the  American  Alliance 
for  Labor  and  Democracy,  Samuel  Gomper.s. 
President,  vot<5d  to  fight  against  any  scaling  down 
ot  wages. 

— By  decree  of  President  Wilson  all  of  the  breweries 
of  the  country  closed  for  conservation  of  grains. 
Breweries  making  "near  beer"  or,  as  they  are 
inmwn   in   the  trade,   cereal   beverages,   likewise 


ceased.  About  1,200  breweries  in  the  country 
were  affected  by  tlie  order.  Of  that  number,  160 
are  In  New  York  State  and  41  are  in  New  York 
City.  A  total  of  75,000  employees  throughout  the 
country  are  thrown  out  of  work  by  the  closing, 
of  whom  5,000  are  in  this  city. 

— Bernard  M.  Baruch,  Chairman  of  the  War  Indus- 
tries Board,  has  forwarded  his  resignation  to 
President  Wilson,  to  take  effect  on  Jan.  1. 

— It  Is  announced  that  all  records  for  the  number 
of  passengers  carried  in  any  type  of  airplane  were 
broken  on  Nov.  27  at  the  Naval  Air  Station, 
Rockaway,  when  the  navy's  newest  type  seaplane, 
the  giant  NC-1,  the  largest  in  the  world,  made  a 
flight  with  fifty  men  on  board.  The  pilot  was 
Lieut.  David  H.  McCullough  of  the  Naval  Reserve 
Flying  Corps. 

— Announcement  was  made  at  New, York  Police 
Headquarters  that  the  hand  bag  and  personal 
effects  found  Nov.  25  In  a  stateroom  on  the  Fall 
Fiver  liner  Priscilla,  from  New  York,  had  been 
identified  as  belonging  to  Miss  Dorothy  Armstrong, 
the  sister  of  Matthew  C.  Armstrong  of  Hampton, 
Va. 

— The  sentence  of  death  imposed  upon  Paul 
Chapman,  youthful  Brooklyn  choir  boy,  for 
complicity  in  the  murder  of  Harry  Regensburg,  a 
Brooklyn  cigar  store  proprietor,  was  commuted  to 
life  imprisonment  by  Gov.  Whitman.  The  time 
for  Chapman's  execution  had  been  fixed  by  the 
Court  of  Appeals  for  the  week  beginning  Jan.  8. 

Dec.  1 — American  troops  have  crossed  the  ft-ontier 
into  Prussia  behind  the  German  rear  guards,  the 
crossing  having  been  made  at  daylight,  according 
to  reports  from  the  American  Arm.v  of  Occupation. 
The  advance  averaged  twelve  miles,  and  Treves 
was  the  most  important  city  occupied.  The  British 
advanced  troops,  under  Gen.  Plumer,  crossed  the 
German  frontier  between  Beho  and  Eupen,  and 
advanced  toward  the  Rhine,  by  evening  had 
reached  the  general  line  of  Hurg,  Reuland,  Bul- 
lingen  and  Montjoie.  Gen.  Pershing's  advanced 
headquarters  will  be  established  at  Treve's,  where 
Gen.  Preston  Brown  will  be  the  Military  Governor, 
and  Gen.  Harry  A.  Smith  In  charge  of  civil  affairs. 

— Tlie  Belgian  troops  entered  Aachen  (Aix-la- 
Chapelle),  Rhenish  Prussia.  ' 

— Four  American  soldiers  dispersed  a  mob  of 
thousands  at  Esch,  Luxemburg,  after  it  had 
wrecked  28  shops  in  revenge  for  the  overcharging 
of  Americans.  Most  of  these  establishments  were 
conducted  by  Germans.  The  loss  is  estimated  at 
between  $800,000  to  $1,400,000. 

— Marshal  Foch  and  Premier  Clemenoeau  of  France 
and  Premier  Orlando  and  Foreign  Minister 
Sonnlno  of  Italy  were  received  by  Premier  Lloyd 
George,  the  Duke  of  Connaught  and  other  high 
officials  on  their  arrival  in  London. 

— Field  Marshal  von  Hindenburg  has  Issued  a 
proclamation  declaring  that  conflicts  with  the 
Soldiers  and  Workmen's  Councils  will  be  avoided. 
He  requested  that  the  Central  Government 
instruct  the  councils  to  abstain  from  interfering 
with  the  army  commanders. 

— The  German  Revolutionary  Government,  accord- 
ing to  estimates  made  by  the  Berlin  correspondent 
of  the  Cologne  Volkszeitung,  has  spent  8150,000,000 
in  the  last  three  weeks. 

— The  Russo-American  forces,  continuing  their 
advance  up  the  Plnega  River  over  ice  and  snow- 
covered  roads,  have  captured  the  town  ol  Karpa- 
gorskoi,  120  miles  from  the  town  of  Plnega,  after 
a  fight  with  the  Bolshevik!. 

— At  Lima,  Peru,  the  army  reserves  have  been  called 
to  the  colors.  Three  more  Chilian  Consuls  sailed 
for  Valparaiso. 

— Nearly  4,000  American  aero  troops  came  into 
New  York  Harbor  on  the  British  transport 
Mauretania.    They  included  over  800  wounded. 

Dec.  2 — Demobilization  was  begun  of  the  Students' 
Army  Training  Corps  at  New  York  University 
and  Princeton. 

— President  Wilson  told  Congress,  in  joint  session-, 
that  he  was  about  to  leave  for  France  to  take  part 
in  the  Peace  Conference,  particularly  as  regards 
his  "14  points,"  which,  he  said,  had  been  accepted 
in  outline  by  the  other  Allies.  He  goes,  he  said, 
only  because  he  believed  it  his  Imperative  duty. 
He  discussed,  also,  in  his  address,  the  unscrambling 
of  federalized  railroads  and  other  war-emergency 
conditions  in  industry.  Congress  received  tho 
address  coldly. 


General  Chronology— Continued. 


787 


Dec.   2 — The  advance  ol  the  American  Army  ol 

Occupation  into  Germany  was  held   up  by  the 

limited  nimiber  of  bridges  across  the  Sauer  and 

'  Moselle  Rivers.    The  American  divisions  marched 

with  full  war  equipment  of  steel  helmet,  gas  mask, 

■' rifle,  and  belts  filled  with  cartridges.  The  main 
roads  were  in  good  condition.  The  first  American 
tunes  heard  in  Germany,  as  played  by  the  bands 
of  the  Army  of  Occupation,  were  in  the  Village  of 
Irrel,  just  across  the  Sauer  River.  The  village  was 
entered  by  the  125th  Infantry  while  the  villagers 
were  on  their  way  to  church.  With  the  American 
flag  and  the  regimental  insignia  at  the  head  of 
the  column,  the  125th  band  marched  into  Irrel 
playing  sprightly  airs. 

—Based  on  information  cabled  by  Gen.  Pershing 
in  reply  to  an  inquiry,  the  War  Depart- 
ment authorized  this  announcement:  "American 
prisoners  released  from  German  prison  camps 
complain  of  poor,  scanty*  food  and  bad  housing 
conditions.  Only  a  small  percentage  of  those  who 
are  sick  are  hospital  cases;  the  majority  are  suffer- 
ing from  slight  colds.  Practically  all  recover 
rapidly  with  proper  food  and  housing.  There  is  as 
yet  no  evidence  of  discrimination  against  Ameri- 
cans. Among  7,000  prisoners  of  all  nationalities, 
there  have  been  no  authenticated  instances  of 
brutality  agaiast  Americans.  The  majority  of 
American  prisoners  state  that  the  German  soldiers 
also  suffered  food  privation,  but  that  in  oases 
where  supply  of  food  was  insufllcient  the  food  for 
prisoners  was  cut  off  before  that  for  German 
soldiers." 

— King  Nicholas  of  Montenegro  has  been  deposed 
by  the  Skupshtina,  the  Montenegrin  National 
Assembly,  according  to  a  message  from  Prague. 

— ^A  despatch  from  Amsterdam  tells  of  a  plot  for  the 
early  restoration  of  imperialism  and  the  return  of 
the  fugitive  Kaiser,  which  has  been  discovered  in 
Berlin.  The  chief  men  behind  it  were  Gen.  von 
Mackensen,  Gen.  von  Boehn  and  Gen.  Count  Sixt 
von  Arnlm.  They  had  been  busy  for  the  last  few 
days  issuing  instructions  to  the  Prussian  OfHcers' 
Corps  to  effect  a  pro-Kaiser  agitation,  which  was 
to  start  the  minute  demobilization  was  completed. 

^The  Mauretania  docked  at  New  York  and  dis- 
charged her  4,000  aero  service  troops  and  her 
wounded  soldiers.  The  troops  went  to  Camp  Mills, 
the  wounded  to  hospitals. 

— Private  Walter  L.  Hirshberg,  said  to  be  an  asso- 
ciate of  Lenine  and  Trotzky,  has  been  sentenced 
to  twenty  years  at  hard  labor  at  the  Federal 
Penitentiary  at  Atlanta,  on  a  charge  of  desertion. 
Hirshberg  was  to  have  sailed  to  Russia  to  partlcl- 
Iiate  in  the  Bolshevik  uprising,  but  missed  the 
boat  and  was  aiTested  as  a  deserter. 

— Tlie  admission  that  no  automatic  speed  control 
and  no  block  signal  system  to  Insure  the  safety  of 
r-asseugers  were  on  the  Brighton  Beach  line,  on 
which  occurred  the  wreck  of  Nov.  1,  causing  more 
than  ninety  deaths,  was  drawn  by  District  Attorney 
I-ewis  from  President  T.  S.  Williams  and  Chief 
]i;ngineer  W.  S.  Menden  of  the  BroolUyn  Rapid 
Transit  system.  This  was  at  the  conclusion  of  the 
hearing  before  Mayor  Hylan. 

—War  expenses  persisting  in  peace  times,  but  fallmg 
off  rapidly,  will  make  the  Government's  outlay  in 
the  fiscal  year  beginning  next  July  1,  1919,  amount 
to  S7 ,443,415,838,  of  whicb  85,212,000,000  will  go 
to  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  S893,000,000 
to  pay  interest  on  war  debt,  and  $579,000,000  for 
continuing  the  building  of  a  merchant  marine, 
according  to  departmental  estimates  presented  to 
Congress.  These  expenses  compare  with  the 
824,599,000,000  appropriations  for  the  current 
year  ending  next  ,Iune  30,  with  the  $18,000,000,000 
which  probably  will  be  actually  spent  this  year, 
and  with  the  ordinary  annual  expenses  of  about  a 
billion  dollars  before  the  war. 

Dec.  Z — The  President  started  on  his  momentous 
journey  to  the  Peace  Conference  after  midnight. 
His  departure  from  the  White  House  was  two 
hours  earlier.  Great  care  was  taken  to  prevent 
any  general  knowledge  of  the  hour  of  his  going, 
and  except  for  the  extra  police  and  the  waiting 
automobiles  there  was  nothing  to  indicate  the 
approaching  departure.  There  were  68  passengers 
on  the  train,  including  Secret  Service  men,  steno- 
graphers and  under  secretaries.  Secretary  Baker 
was  of  the  party,  but  only  to  see  the  President  on 
board  the  armv  transport — for  that  is  still  the 
official  rating  of  the  George  Washington. 


— Senator  Knox,  Republican,  Pennsylvania,  offered 
in  the  Senate  a  resolution,  "that  any  project  for 
any  general  League  of  Nations  or  for  any  sweeping 
change  in  the  ancient  laws  of  the  sea.  as  hitherto 
recognized  as  international  law  and  violated  by 
the  Teutonic  powers  should  be  postponed  for 
separate  consideration,  not  alone  by  the  victorious 
belligerents  but  by  all  the  nations,  if  and  when 
at  some  future  time  general  conferences  on  these 
subjects  might  be  deemed  useful."  It  was  referred 
to  a  committee. 

—Announcement  was  made  at  the  White  House  that 
President  Wilpon  had  pardoned  Lieut.  Col.  George 
W.  Mixter  and  Lieut.  Jesse  M.  Vincent,  army 
officers  whom  the  Hughes  report  on  alrcrait  pro- 
duction showed  to  be  technically  guilty  of  violating 
Section  41  of  the  Criminal  Code. 

— The  State  Department  announced  it  has  urged 
Chile  and  Peru  to  make  up. 

— Dr.  Harry  A.  Garfield,  Fuel  Administrator 
resigned,  and  his  resignation  was  .accepted  by  the 
President. 

— Airplanes  have  been  added  to  the  means  by  which 
liquor  may  not  be  brought  into  the  State  of 
Florida.  Hundreds  of  aviators  fly  regularly  from 
half  a  dozen  places  in  Florida  to  New  Orleans  or 
to  coast  points  where  illicit  stills  are  in  operation. 

— Restrictions  on  the  purchase  of  sugar  for  consump- 
tion in  homes  and  public  eating  places  were 
removed  by  the  Food  Administration. 

— Major  Gen.  William  L.  lienly.  Director  of  Military 
Aeronautics,  announced  information  from  Dayton, 
O.,  that  the  Loening  two-seater  monoplane  has 
developed  a  speed  of  145  miles  an  hour  with  a  full 
military  load,  including  four  guns. 

— Across  the  Rhine  the  American  Army  take  up  a 
line  a  little  over  sixty  miles  in  length,  an  arc  of  a 
circle  having  Coblenz  as  a  centre  and  with  a 
radius  eight  and  six-tenths  miles  in  length.  This 
circle,  pivoting  upon  Coblenz,  is  the  bridgehead 
which  the  Germans  conceded  in  the  armistice. 
The  line  leaves  the  Rhine  at  a  point  northwest  of 
Coblenz,  swings  eastward  through  Rahms  and 
Oberlahr  and  turns  to  the  south  just  beyond 
Rossbach.  It  continues  through  Woelferlingen, 
Molsberg,  Diez,  Schonbron,  Katzeaelnbogen  and 
Welteroth,  and  reaches  the  Rhine  again  at  Caub. 
Along  the  Rhine  the  Americans  occupy  a  line 
about  forty-three  miles  in  length.  The  front 
extends  a  few  miles  beyond  either  end  of  the 
semicircle  described  above,  thus  overlapping  in 
places  the  lines  of  the  British,  on  the  left,  and  the 
French,  on  the  right. 

— The  German  Crown  Prince,  in  an  interview  on  the 
Island  of  Wieringen,  denied  he  had  renounced 
succession  to  the  throne,  adding:  "I  was  con- 
vinced early  in  October,  1914,  that  we  had  lost 
the  war.  I  considered  our  position  hopeless  after 
the  Battle  of  the  Marne,  which  we  should  not 
have  lost  if  the  chiefs  of  our  General  Staff  had  not 
suffered  a  case  of  nerves.  I  tried  to  persuade  the 
General  Staff  to  seek  peace  then,  even  at  a  great 
sacrifice,  going  so  far  as  to  give  up  Alsace-Lorraine. 
But  I  was  told  to  mind  my  own  business  and 
confine  my  activities  to  commanding  my  armies. 
I  have  proof  of  this.  What  finally  brought  about 
the  downfall  of  the  Gorman  military  power  was 
revolution  induced  by  four  years  of  hunger  among 
the  civilians  and  the  troops  in  the  rear,  together 
with  the  overwhelming  numbers  being  gathered 
by  the  Entente  Powers,  since  America's  entry  into 
the  war  had  imdermined  the  confidence  of  the 
German  fighting  forces." 

— The  Spanish  Cabinet  resigned. 

— Czecho-Slovak  forces  have  occupied  Bodenbach, 
200  miles  northwest  of  Vienna,  near  the  German 
frontier,  cutting  off  from  Vienna  supplies  of  pro- 
visions. The  Czechs  are  pressing  toward  the 
frontiers  of  Upper  Austria,  having  garrisoned 
German  Bohemia.  To  the  south  the  Jugo-Slavs 
have  occupied  Harburg,  115  miles  southwest  of 
Vienna,  and  have  entered  Carinthia  and  Styria 
In  the  northwest  the  Poles  are  advancing  over 
the  Carpathians  to  the  frontiers  of  Hungary  in 
their  fight  against  the  Ukrainians.  At  Lemberg, 
350  miles  northeast  of  Vienna,  the  Ukrainians  are 
preparing  to  surround  and  starve  out  the  city,  the 
railroad  having  already  been  cut.  In  the  east  a 
Roumanian  Army  has  marched  into  Bukowina  as 
far  as  Kolomea,  390  miles  east  Of  Vienna,  on  the 
River  Pruth. 


788 


General  Chronology— Continued. 


Dec.  4 — President  WUson  and  his  party  left  New 
York  Harbor  on  the  George  Washington  on  their 
way  to  the  Peace  Conference.  The  special  train 
bearing  them  from  Washington  arrived  at  Hobo- 
ken  at  7.20  A.  M.  Mr.  WUson  left  the  train  at 
8.07.  boarded  the  vessel  at  8.10,  and  the  latter 
moved  into  the  North  River  at  10  30.  Aeroplanes, 
destroyers  and  a  mighty  chorus  of  harbor  whistles, 
attended  the  progress  of  the  Presidential  party 

_ down  the  bay.  _   _    v. 

—For  one  "zoom."  two  tailspins,  divers  "volplanes  and 
other  antics  in  the  air  above  President  Wilson's 
head  as  he  stood  on  the  George  Washington, 
Lieut.  Fred  Kelly,  the  crack  hurdler  from  the 
Pacific  Coast,  was  later  ordered  to  remain  two 
weeks  on  post  at  the  Hazelhurst  Camp. 

— It  was  reported  to  Frederick  Shepherd,  Superin- 
tendent of  Passaic  (N.  J.)  Schools,  by  Miss  Alma 
L  Smith,  Principal  of  School  No.  2,  that  of  the 
800  pupils  there,  200,  whose  ages  range  from  9  to 
14  years,  have  come  to  their  studies  under  the  in- 
fluence of  liquor  during  two  months. 

•-Arthur  Gabryel.  former  Vice-President  of  the 
American  Association  of  Foreign  Language  News- 
papers, declared  before  the  Senate  Committee  in- 
vestigating brewers'  activities  and  German  propa- 
ganda that  Count  von  Bernstorfl,  the  former 
German  Ambassador  here,  visited  the  offices  of 
the  association  in  New  York  in  March,  1916,  and 
that  Immediately  afterward  an  advertising 
campaign  to  prevent  the  manufacture  of  muni- 
tions in  this  country  for  the  Allies  was  started. 

• — A  Congressional  investigation  of  the  political  and 
other  activities  of  the  National  Security  League 
of  New  York  was  demanded  in  the  House  by 
Representative  Frear.   Republican,  of  Wisconsin. 

—Calling  the  seizure  of  the  cables  lawless,  the  Com- 
mercial Cable  Company  begins  an  action  to  en- 
join Postmaster  General  Burleson  from  interfer- 
ing with  its  system. 

— Discussion  of  the  fourteen  principles  enunciated  by 
President  Wilson  as  forming  a  basis  for  permanent 
peace  was  precipitated  in  the  Senate  by  Mr. 
Frelinghu.vsen.  He  offered  a  resolution  calling 
unon  the  President  for  an  interpretation  of  the 
principles. 

— George  J.  Gould  is  a  patient  at  Roosevelt  Hospital, 
New  York,  having  been  operated  on  for  stone  in 
his  left  kidney  by  Dr.  John  F.  Erdmann  of  the 
hospital  staH.  Mr.  Gould  had  been  suffering  with 
the  ailment  for  four  weeks. 

—At  Atlantic  City  4,000  men,  representing  every 
branch  of  business  and  industry  in  the  country, 
met  In  a  Reconstruction  Congress,  and  listened  to 
utterances  on  readjustment  problems  by  Secretary 
of  Commerce  Redfleld  Charles  M.  Schwab,  head 
ol  the  Bethlehem  Steel  Corporation  and  Director 
General  of  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  and 
Harry  A.  Wheeler,  President  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  ol  the  United  States. 

— Railway  executives,  representing  more  than  90 
per  cent,  of  the  mileage  of  the  country,  met  at  the 
New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and,  with  one 
dissenting  vote,  adopted  resolutions  urging  the  re- 
turn of  the  railroads  to  private  ownership,  under 
conditions  making  for  their  "highest  possible  effi- 
ciency." No  time  for  their  return  was  set.  The 
one  vote  against  the  resolution  came  from  New- 
man Erb,  President  of  the  Ann  Arbor  Railroad 
Company,  He  said  that  he  preferred  Government 
ownership  to  pre-war  regulations. 

— The  3d  American  Army  in  its  advance  into  Ger- 
many reached  the  general  line  Dahlem-Elsen- 
schmitt-Wittllch-Berncastel-Asaim;  Steinberg.  The 
10th  French  Army  on  its  way  to  the  Rhine  and 
Mayence  h.is  crossed  the  German  frontier  of  1870, 
occupying  the  Valley  of  the  Sarre.  The  advance 
into  German  territory  has  been  without  incident. 
The  population  of  the  districts  thus  far  reached 
appears  to  be  more  astonished  tliau  downcast. 

— All  liabilities  contracted  by  the  Russian  Govern- 
ment, except  those  made  by  the  Bolshevik  regime, 
are  recognized  by  the  All-Russian  Government  at 
Omsk,  and  will  be  executed  by  It,  according  to  a 
statement  authorized  by  the  Ministrj'  of  Foreign 
Attairs.  The  Government  has  refused  to  admit 
1,500,000  Russian  soldiers  who  have  been  prisoners 
in  Germany  and  has  turned  them  back  at  the 
frontier.  15,000,000  persons  in  Northern  Russia 
will  probably  die  of  privation  this  winter,  accord- 
ing to  Charles  Stewart  Davison,  Chairman  of  the 
Amedcan  Defense  Society. 


— Antl-Jewlsh  pamphlets  have  been  distributed  over 
Berlin  accusing  Jews  called  to  military  service  of 
having  shirked  going  to  the  front  and  having  man- 
aged to  procure  for  themselves  safe  work  behind 
the  fighting  lines.  The  pamphlet  violently  attacks 
the  Jewish  members  of  the  Government,  Haase, 
Cohn,  Bernstein,  Lansberg  and  Eisner,  and  fin- 
ishes with  a  veiled  appeal  to  organize  pogroms 
against  the  Jews. 

— This  was  nomination  day  for  candidates  for  the 
British  Parliament  in  the  coming  general  election 
and  among  the  surprises  was  the  appearance  of  au 
opponent  to  Premier  Lloyd  George  at  Carnarvon, 
Wales.  He  is  Austin  Harrison,  editor  of  the  Eng- 
lish Review,  and  is  standing  on  the  plank  of  a 
league  of  nations  and  the  abolition  of  conscription. 
Another  striking  feature  of  the  nominations  was 
the  large  number  of  unopposed  returns. 

— Brest-Litovsk,  where  Germany  negotiated  the 
peace  treaties  with  Russia  and  the  Ukraine,  has 
been  occupied  by  Polish  troops,  according  to  the 
Neue  Frele  Presse  of  Vienna,  says  a  Geneva  de- 
spatch to  r  Information. 

Dec.  5 — A  wireless  from  the  George  Washington 
said  the  President  spent  most  of  the  first  day 
(Dec.  4)  of  the  trip  at  sea  working  in  the  office 
part  of  his  suite.  After  acknowledging  from  the 
bridge  the  greetings  that  were  given  him  as  the 
ship  put  to  sea  he  turned  to  the  pile  of  letters  and 
telegrams  awaiting  him  and  spent  sever.al  hours 
working  with  his  stenographers.  In  the  after- 
noon, on  the  advice  of  his  physician,  Rear  Admiral 
Gary  T.  Grayson,  he  lay  down  and  rested  for  a 
time  because  of  a  slight  cold  that  was  affecting  his 
voice.  Later  the  President  received  calls  from 
officials  on  board,  including  the  Italian  and  French 
Ambassadors.  Following  this  he  took  a  walk  on 
deck,  together  with  Mrs.  Wilson.  The  Presiden- 
tial party  dined  quietly  In  the  evening,  being 
served  by  a  waiter  who  said  he  had  attended  Em- 
peror William  and  the  Empress  in  the  same  suite 
on  the  trial  trip  ol  the  George  Washington.  In  the 
dining  hall  music  was  furnished  by  the  ship's  band 
and  a  quartet  of  sailors.  The  escorting  de- 
stroyers, with  the  battleship  Pennsylvania  lead- 
ing the  column,  are  keeping  in  close  touch  wtlh  the 
steamship  carrying  the  President.  Mine  sweepers 
are  runnmg  before  the  bow  of  his  ship.  They  are 
loaded  with  steel  billets,  to  insure  their  deep 
draught.  In  the  evening  Mrs.  Wilson  released 
from  the  George  Washington  carrier  pigeons  bear- 
ing notes  of  thanks  to  Vice  Admiral  Cleaves  for  th? 
success  of  the  arrangements  made  for  the  de- 
parture. 

The  ship  this  morning  (Dec.  5)  was  450  miles 
out,  steering  a  steady  course  at  a  speed  of  seven- 
teen knots.  "The  weather  was  clear  and  cold,  the 
pale  simllght  making  the  escort  observable  from 
the  decks.  The  President  slept  late  and  took 
breakfast  with  Mrs.  Wilson,  no  other  members  of 
the  party  being  present.  Afterward  he  worked 
with  his  stenographer  and  examined  the  offlcial 
wireless  messages,  which  included  several  appli- 
cations for  clemency.  A  pouch  of  official  mail  will 
be  put  off  at  the  Azores  on  Sunday  and  hurried 
back  to  the  United  States  on  board  a  destroyer. 
The  President  has  his  own  typewriter  on  board 
and  Is  using  It  at  intervals  in  working  upon  the 
speeches  he  expects  to  deliver  In  France.    

— At  Washington,  Secretary  Daniels  said:  "The 
George  Washington  and  the  battleship  Pennsyl- 
vania are  both  equipped  with  the  most  modern 
radio  apparatus,  some  of  which  was  installed  for 
this  particular  trip.  This  apparatus  includes,  on 
the  Pennsylvania,  the  most  powerful  transmit- 
ting set  on  any  United  States  naval  ship  and  also 
special  receiving  apparatus  for  receiving  from  high 
power  stations,  used  ordinarily  only  for  trans- 
atlantic messages.  The  George  Washington  was 
also  especially  equipped  with  similar  receiving 
apparatus.  On  board  both  ships  were  installed 
radio  telephones  and  the  newest  types  of  low 
power  radio  sets  for  use  only  In  communicating 
from  ship  to  ship.  AU  messages  for  the  President 
are  sent  by  the  new  naval  high  power  station  at 
Annapolis,  which  is  five  times  as  powerful  as  the 
Arlington  station.  These  messages  are  received 
by  the  George  Washington  and  the  Pennsylvania 
simultaneously.  All  replies  are  forwarded  from 
the  George  Washington  to  the  Pennsylvania  and 
relayed  to  shore  by  the  Pennsylvania. 
"At  tbree  special  naval  radio  receiving  stations, 


General  Chronology — Continued, 


789 


one  in  Maine,  one  in  New  Jersey  and  one  in  tlie 
Navy  Building,  Washington,  expert  operators  are 
listening  continuously  for  the  Pennsylvania's  mes- 
sages. The  messages  when  received  are  for- 
warded with  utmost  despatch  to  the  transatlantic 
radio  division  of  the  office  of  the  Director  of  Naval 
Communications  in  the  Navy  Department,  and 
the  thrqe  copies  are  compared  to  insm-e  accviracv. 
The  message  is  then  delivered  to  the  addresses. 
All  outgoing  messages  pass  through  the  same  office 
in   Washington.     As   the   Presidential   party   ap- 

e'oaches  Europe,  by  arrangement  of  the  Navy 
epartment,  special  receiving  stations  in  both 
England  and  France  will  listen  for  messages  from 
the  Pennsylvania,  and  one  of  the  French  high 
power  stations  will  forward  messages  direct  to  the 
ship.  The  President  \vill  thus  be  kept  in  touch 
with  Washington  and  Paris  or  London  simultan- 
eously, for  the  George  Washington  will  receive 
easily  the  messages  sent  from  the  Aimapolis  sta- 
tion until  the  end  of  the  voyage  and  the  ship  is  in  a 
French  port." 

Dec.  5 — One  hundred  and  forty-nine  Yale  men  lost 
melr  lives  in  the  war. 

— Arthur  Brisbane  told  the  .Judiciary  Sub-Commit- 
tee of  the  United  States  Senate  the  details  of  his 
purchase  of  the  Washington  Times  with  brewers' 
money,  explained  that  he  considered  war  "inter- 
national murder,"  revealed  that  his  salary  from 
William  Randolph  Hearst  was  $104,000  a  year, 
and  that  his  employer  had  an  option  on  the  Times 
that  enabled  him  to  take  it  over  any  time  he  felt 
Brisbane  was  neglecting  Hearst's  interests  because 
of  it.  _ 

— In  the  Senate  Mr.  New  of  Indiana  said  twelve  new 
automobiles  were  a  part  of  the  cargo  of  the  George 
Washington,  on  which  President  Wilson  is  a  pas- 
senger, and  inquired  if  Congress  would  be  called 
upon  to  make  appropriations  to  defray  this  ex- 
pense, together  with  the  upkeep  of  the  Paris 
mansion  in  which  are  housed  the  members  of  the 
Creel  committee  party. 

— The  first  soldiers  to  win  the  Congressional  Medal 
of  Honor  are  Lieut.  Col.  C.  W.  Whittlesey,  Capt. 
G.  G.  McMurtry  and  Private  T.  C.  Niebaur. 

— Postmaster  General  Burleson  in  his  annual  re- 
port says  the  revenues  of  the  department  increased 
from  $329,726,115  to  S388,975,9G2,  while  expen- 
ditures increased  only  from  .S319,838,718  to 
8324,833,728.  Of  the  increase  in  revenue  $44,500,- 
000  arose  from  increases  in  postage  rates  and  went 
to  the  Treasury  Department.  There  remained  an 
excess  of  819,642,233  of  revenues  over  expendi- 
tures. 

— Representative  Carter  Glass  of  Virginia  was  nomi- 
nated by  President  Wilson  as  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury  to  succeed  William  G.  McAdoo. 

— New  York  City  experienced  its  first  snowfall  of 
the  winter — a  few  flakes.  In  Connecticut  and 
elsewhere  north  the  ground  was  made  white-  with 
snow. 

— The  Orca  anived  at  New  York  with  1,925  more 
American  aviators. 

— The  3d  American  Army,  continuing  its  advance 
south  of  the  Moselle,  reached  the  general  line 
Berncastel-Malborn-Otzenhausen.  Northwest  of 
Berncastel  our  line  remained  unchanged. 

— Gen.  Nudant,  President  of  the  French  Armistice 
Commission  at  Spa,  has  presented  a  note  to  the 
German  Commission,  demanding  Jot  the  first 
month  for  the  British  troops  of  occupation  SIO,- 
000,000,  and  lor  the  French  troops  $13,500,000. 

• — The  entire  Turkish  fleet  is  now  in  the  hands  of  the 
Allies.  The  warships,  after  surrendering,  were  in- 
terned in  the  Golden  Horn,  at  Constantinople. 

— At  London,  Winston  Spencer  Churchill,  in  an  elec- 
tion speech,  announced  the  Government's  decision 
to  nationalize  the  railways.  He  added  that  the 
British  representatives  at  the  Peace  Conference 
will  demand  general  and  absolute  abolition  of  con- 
scription throughout  Europe. 

— VI  am  threatened  on  all  sides  with  criminal  charges 

'  which,  if  brought,  I  must  face.  Therefore,  I  must 
reserve  any  statement  until  charges  are  actually 
brought,"  said  the  ex-Kaiser  to  a  correspondent, 
at  Amerongen. 

— Machine  guns  were  used  in  suppressing  food  riots 
in  Cologne.  The  mobs  retreated  only  when  the 
quick-flrors  were  brought  into  play.  A  number  of 
casualties  were  reported  among  the  demonstrants, 
who  continued  the  fighting  throughout  the  night. 
Several  stores  were  plundered  in  different  parts  of 


the  city,  and  after  their  worK  crowds  gathered  at 
the  food  depot,  but  the  Welfare  Committee  of  the 
city  decided  to  suppress  the  disturbances  without 
mercy. 
— King  Albert  and  Queen  Elizabeth  of  Belgium  and 
their  eldest  son  arrived  in  Paris.,  The  royal  train, 
decorated  with  Belgian  and  AlUed  escutcheons  and 
flags,  reached  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  station  at  2 
P.  M.  The  streets  were  crowded  along  the  entire 
route  from  the  station.  The  Queen  sat  beside 
Mme.  Poincare  in  an  open  carriage  and  smiled  as 
women  and  children  in  the  throng  threw  flowers 
into  the  carriage. 
Dec.  6 — All  time  limitation  on  trading  in  future 
deliveries  of  corn,  oats,  rye  and  barley  was  re- 
moved by  the  Food  Administration. 
— A.  B.  Bielaski,  head  of  the  Bureau  of  Investiga- 
tion of  the  Department  of  Justice,  testified  to 
the  United  States  Senate  Judiciary  Committee 
that  W.  B.  Hale,  a  correspondent  of  the  Hearst 
newspapers,  was  at  the  same  time,  according  to 
Count  von  Bernstorft's  cablegrams,  a  confidential 
agent  of  the  German  Embassy  at  Washington; 
that  Germans  were  planning  to  buy  the  New  York 
Sun  and  Washington  Post;  and  that  G.  B.  Means 
was  employed  to  get  evidence  against  the  British 
Government  which  might  stir  up  trouble  between 
Britain  and  the  United  States.  Mr.  Hale  Issued  a 
denial. 
— At  Atlantic  City,  the  War  Sei-vice  Committees  of 
the  Wholesale  and  Retail  Clothing  As.«ociations  of 
the  United  States  agreed  that  the  style  recom- 
mendations promulgated  by  the  War  Industries 
Board  be  continued  for  the  spring  and  summer 
styles  of  1919. 
— An  appeal  to  the  workers  of  the  country  not  to 
engage  in  a  Nation-wide  strike  as  a  protest  in  the 
case  of  Thomas  J.  Mooney,  convlnted  of  murder 
in  connection  with  the  Preparedness  Day  bomb 
explosion  in  San  Francisco,  was  issued  by  Sec- 
retary of  Labor  Wilson. 
— Mayor  Hylan  of  New  York  vetoed  the  Curfew 

ordinance. 
— Wage  increases  approximating  S3  a  week  were 
granted  by  the  War  Labor  Board  to  members  of 
the   New   York   Printers'   Union  and  associated 
unions   involved   in  the  wage  disputes  with  the 
New  Yorlc  City  section  of  the  American  Associ- 
ation of  Employing  Printers. 
— Capt.  B.  B.  Lipsner,  Supt.  of  the  United  States 
Aerial  Mail  Service,  and  Max  Miller,  aerial  post- 
man of  the  New  York-Philadelphia-Washington 
route,  resigned,  saying  they  were  dissatisfied  with 
the  Government's  plans  for  the  service. 
— 19  persons  were  hurt  in  a  collision  on  the  "L"  at 

57th  St.  and  2d  Ave.,  New  York  City. 
— Indictments  charging  treason — the  first  of  the 
sort  to  be  returned  In  the  New  York  district  since 
the  war  began — were  returned  by  the  Federal 
Grand  Jury  against  Hermann  Wessels,  known  as 
Carl  Roediger,  and  Albert  Paul  Fricke.  The 
offense  is  punishable  by  death. 
— Despite  snowstorms  over  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
which  forced  an  ascent  to  12,000  feet,  the  trip  from 
Pittsburgh  to  Washington,  a  distance  of  175  miles, 
was  made  in  seventy-five  minutes  by  a  bombing 
plane  equipped  with  twin  Liberty  motors  and 
piloted  by  Major  Harley  W.  Lake,  inspector  for 
the  Division  of  Military  Aeronautics.  Major 
Lake  started  from  Cleveland,  but  was  forced  to 
descend  near  Pittsburgh  by  the  cold. 
— A  speed  of  170  miles  an  hour  was  claimed  for  a 
"Bullet"  airplane,  which  had  Its  first  trial  flight 
at  Central  Park,  L.  I. 
— Commutation  by  President  Wilson  of  the  death 
sentences  Imposed  by  military  court  martial  at 
Camp  Shelby,  Miss.,  on  Privates  Thomas  T. 
Barnes  and  George  T.  Walker,  convicted  of  de- 
sertion, was  announced  by  the  War  Department 
The  sentences  were  reduced  in  each  case  to  twenty 
years'  imprisonment  at  hard  labor. 
— An  appeal  to  Christians  to  support  the  project 
for  a  League  of  Nations  has  been  issued  by  the 
Archbishops  of  Canterbury  and  York  and  the 
Presidents  and  Moderators  of  the  principal  free 
churches  of  the  United  Kingdom. 
— An  Admiralty  statement  says:  "The  British  war- 
ship Cassandra  struck  a  mine  in  the  Baltic  just 
before  midnight  Wednesday  and  sank  at  1  A,  M. 
Thursday.  Eleven  men  are  missing.  Presumably 
they  were  killed  by  the  explosion.  The  others  of 
the  officers  and  crew  were  saved  by  our  destroyers." 


790 


General  Chronology — Centimied. 


Dec.  6 — Gen.  Skoropadski,  Hetman  of  the  Ukraine, 
bas  been  killed  and  all  power  in  that  country  ia  In 
the  han(}a  of  the  Unionists,  say  Geneva  advices, 
adding  that  KielJ  is  in  the  hands  of  Unionist  troops. 
The  city  was  taken  after  a  battle  in  which  10,000 
men,  including  600  officers,  were  killed  or  wounded. 

• — Gen.  Pershing,  from  his  headquarters  at  Treves, 
issued  a  proclamation  to  the  inhabitants,  say- 
ing: "The  American  Army  is  not  corne  to  make 
war  on  a  civilized  population.  All  persons 
who,  with  honest  submission,  act  peacefully  and 
obey  the  rules  laid  down  by  the  military  authorities 
will  be  protected  in  their  persons,  homes,  religion 
and  property.  All  others  will  be  brought  within  the 
rule  with  flrnmess,  vigor  and  promptness.  The 
American  Army  will  govern  in  strict  accordance 
with  international  law  and  the  rules  and  customs 
of  war  sanctioned  by  the  civilized  world.  Inhabi- 
tants on  their  part  must  absolutely  abstain  in 
word  and  deed  from  every  act  of  hostility  or  im- 
pediment of  any  kind  toward  the  American  forces. 
It  Is  your  duty  to  devote  yourselves  to  the  orderly 
and  obedient  conduct  of  your  private  lives  and 
affairs,  the  re-establishment  of  normal  conditions 
In  schools,  churches,  hospitals  and  charitable  In- 
stitutions and  the  resumption  of  your  local  civil 
life.  You  will  be  unobstructed,  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, will  be  encouraged  and  protected  in  those 
pursuits.  So  far  as  your  attitude  and  conduct 
make  it  possible,  local  courts,  governing  bodies 
and  institutions  will  be  continued  in  operation 
under  supervision  of  American  authorities.  Except 
where  they  atlect  the  rights  and  security  of  the 
American  Army,  your  present  laws  and  regula- 
tions will  remain  undisturbed  and  in  force.  Every 
violation  of  the  laws  of  war,  every  act  offering 
hostility  or  violence  and  every  disobedience  of  the 
rules  laid  down  by  military  authority  will  be 
punished  with  the  utmost  vigor." 

•^American  troops  have  entered  Mainz,  capital  of 

.  the  Province  of  Rhenish  Hesse  and  one  of  the 
principal  fortresses  of  Germany  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Rhine.  British  troops  reached  Blanken- 
heim.  Two  Belgian  cavalry  detachments,  300 
men  strong,  to-day  entered  Duesseldorf,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  twenty-one  miles  north 
west  of  Cologne. 

^Considerable  firing  has  taken  place  in  the  principal 
streets  of  Berlin,  serious  disorders  having  been 
caused  by  the  German  Bolsheviki,  according  to 
reports  reaching  the  Dutch-German  frontier,  says 
an  Exchange  Telegraph  despatch  from  Amsterdam 

—According  to  a  semi-offlcial  despatch,  the  German 
Crown  Prince  renounced,  on  December  1 ,  his  suc- 
cession to  the  throne.  In  these  words:   "I  renounce 

,  formally  and  definitely  all  rights  to  the  crown  of 
Prussia  and  the  imperial  crown,  which  would  have 
fallen  to  me  by  the  renunciation  of  the  Emperor 
King  or  for  other  reasons.  Given  by  my  authority 
and  signed  by  my  hand.  Done  at  Wieringen, 
December  1,  1918." 

— The  Prussian  Government  has  formally  withdrawn 
the  privilege  heretofore  held  by  the  members  of 
the  Hohenzollern  family  of  immunity  from  law. 

—An  encyclical  letter  hajs  been  addressed  by  Pope 
Benedict  to  the  Catholic  episcopate  throughout 
the  world  exhorting  it  to  offer  public  prayers  for 
the  guidance  by  Providence  of  the  approaching 
Peace  Conference. 

Dec.  7 — The  President's  ship  is  delayed  on  her 
southern  course  by  storms. 

— The  American  troops  have  Invested  Coblenz;  the 
British  are  at  Cologne;  the  French  at  Mainz. 
At  these  places  they  hold  the  bridgeheads  on  the 
Rhine. 

— The  red  flag  is  disappearing  from  Berlin,  where 
16  persons  were  killed  in  rioting,  and  Bolshevism 
Is  reported  on  the  wane.  Twenty  guard  regiments 
have  voted  to  uphold  the  Ebert-Haase  Govern- 
ment. 

— The  war  has  cut  the  birth  rate  one  half  in  Austria. 

— The  Western  Railway  Station  at  Ghent  was  ac- 

■  cidentally  set  on  fire  and  burned.  The  fire  caused 
the  explosion  of  a  bomb  that  had  been  lUdden 
by  the  Germans,  with  the  result  that  ten  persons 

-    were  killed  and  several  others  injured. 

r— At  Washington,  A.  B.  Blelaskl  produced  alleged 
.  Bernstorff  notes  to  Berlin  telling  how  he  had  en- 

•  deavored   to  wind,  up   "compromising"   German 

•  propaganda  after  the  Lusltania  was  sunk  "be- 
.  cause  nothing   can   for  long   be  kept  secret .  In 

America,"  and  had  used  the  American  Embargo 


Conference  for  German  purposes.  Senator  Gilbeit 
N.  Hitchcock,  now  Chairman  of  the  Senate  Foreign 
Relations  Committee;  former  Congressman  Frank 
Buchanan,  William  Bayard  Hale  and  Dr.  Aked,  a 
clergyman,  were  in  co-oprration  with  the  Embargo 
Conference,  established  to  control  Congress  through 
American  voters  and  thereby  prevent  shipment  of 
munitions  to  the  Allies,  according  to  the  German 
Consul,  P.  Reisweitz,  at  Chicago.  The  New  York 
World's  expose  in  1915  of  German  propagandist 
plans  was  the  first  heavy  blow  they  received, 
according  to  admissions  made  by  agents  directing 
the  work  of  the  Embargo  Conference.  The  Citi- 
zens' Committee  on  Food  Shipments,  a  pro-Ger- 
man body,  was  organized,  Bielaski  alleged,  at  the 
home  of  Samuel  Untermyer.  Senator  Hitchcock 
denied  the  testimony,  as  did  Mr.  Untermyer  and 
others.  Bielaski  also  said  the  Germans  planned 
to  get  control  of  American  aircraft  production. 

— Mayor  Hylan  of  New  York  signed  an  ordinance 
making  unlawful  the  display  in  parades  or  public 
gatherings  of  the  red  flag  or  any  flag  bearing  an 
inscription  in  opposition  to  organized  government 
or  of  a  sacrilegious  nature  or  which  may  be  deroga- 
tory to  the  public  morals.  The  penalty  for  the 
violation  of  the  ordinance  is  a  fine  of  not  more 
than  $100,  Imprisonment  for  ten  days  or  both. 

— Prince  Yorihito  of  the  House  of  Hlgashl-Fushimi, 
cousin  of  the  Emperor  of  Japan,  arrived  at  New 
York  from  England  aboard  the  British  armed 
merchantman  Orvleta,  and  left  for  Washington. 

Dec.  8 — President  Wilson  attended  divine  services 
on  the  George  Washington. 

— American  troops  were  rushed,  by  German  reauest, 
to  Coblenz,  to  guard  against  disorders. 

— Nine  French  prisoners  were  shot  by  the  Germaa-j 
and  fifteen  other  prisoners  seriously  wounded  at 
the  prison  camp  In  I^angensalza,  Prussian  Saxony, 
the  Spanish  Ambassador  at  Berlin  reports. 

— Emir  Feys  Sal,  son  of  the  King  of  the  Hejaz,  who 
was  allied  with  the  Entente  against  the  Turks, 
reached  Paris. 

— President  Polncare  presented  Gen.  Petain  with 
the  baton  of  a  Marshal  of  France. 

— A  French  Governmental  decree  names  M.  Jacquet, 
a  merchant  of  Lille,  a  Knight  of  the  Legion  of 
Honor.  He  was  executed  by  the  Germans  Sept. 
23,  1915,  for  having  hidden  French  and  English 
soldiers  and  assisted  them  to  escape. 

— The  motorman  was  killed  and  four  other  persons 
were  injured  when  a  shuttle  train  jimiped  the 
track  and  struck  a  roof  pillar  in  the  New  York 
City  Interborough  subway,  Lenox  Avenue  and 
141st  Street. 

— The  submerged  steel  net  which  had  been  stretched 
across  the  Narrows,  New  York  Harbor,  since  this 
country  entered  the  war  was  taken  up. 

— Five  hundred  members  of  the  Brighton  "L" 
Wreck  Victims  and  Passengers  Protective  Asso- 
ciation, the  organization  that  grew  out  of  the 
disaster,  Nov.  1,  on  the  Brighton  Beach  Line,  met 
in  Brooklyn  and  demanded  that  the  city  declare 
its  B.  R.  "T.  contract  forfeited,  and  that  a  receiver 
be  appointed  to  operate  the  lines  of  the  company 
in  such  a  way  that  responsibility  for  all  acta  may 
be  fixed. 

— President  Flavel  S.  Luther  of  Trinity  College, 
Hartford,  Ct.,  has  sent  his  resignation  to  the 
Board  of  Trustees,  to  take  effect  July  1,  1919. 
He  gave  his  age  as  the  reason. 

— Fire  partially  destroyed  Execution  Lighthouse 
and  burned  its  machinery,  leaving  the  station 
without  power  to  flash  Its  signal  and  operate  its 
foghorn,  between  New  Rochelle  and  Sands  Point, 
Long  Island  Sound. 

Dec  9 — President  Wilson  stood  on  the  bridge  of  the 
George  Washington  and  saw  a  United  States  de- 
stroyer stage  a  thrilling  demonstration  of  the 
work  of  repulsing  a  submarine  attack.  A  touch 
of  realism  was  given  by  the  drill  of  the  men  on 
board  the  liner  and  the  convoying  ships.  The  great 
liner  was  gliding  through  the  tropical  waters  Ukti 
a  chip  on  a  duck  pond  when  the  bugles  and  alarm 
bells  called  the  men  to  battle  station. 

— Maimed  American  fighters,  waving  crutches, 
arrive  at  New  York  City  on  Hospital  Ship  Com- 
fort, 394  soldiers  and  17  marines.  » 

^Strassburg  gave  an  official  greeting  to  President 
Polncare. 

— Gen.  Du  Pont,  of  the  French  Army,  has  estab- 
lished headquarters  at  Berlin  to  exchange  prison* 
ers. 


War  Binh  and  Death  Rates  in  Germany. 


791 


GENERAL  CHRONOLOGY— Core«fn!<ed. 


Dec.  9— Loyal  troops  quiet  Berlin  and  inciters  of 
riota  fail. 

-^The  will  ol  Capt.  Joseph  R  De  Lamar,  of  New 
York  and  Paris,  leaves  310,000,000  in  trust  to 
hia  daughter,  Alice  A.  De  Lamar;  S500,000  to  the 
Association  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the 
Poor,  and  about  !;2,000,000  each  to  the  medical 
schools  of  Harvard,  Columbia,  and  Johns  Hopkins 
Universities. 

— Denmark  and  Norway  sever  relations  \vith  Russia. 

— August  Thyssen,  'Iron  King"  of  Germany,  has 
been  arrested,  charged  with  treason  by  the  Socialist 
Council. 

— Peru  accepts  United  States  offer  to  mediate  with 
Chili  the  boundary  dispute. 

Dec  10 — The  President's  steamship,  George  Wash- 
ington, passed  the  Azores  at  1  p.  m. 

—Before  the  Senate  Committee  at  Wasliington  the 
Department  of  Justice  put  on  record  twenty 
-  messages  from  Palm  Beach,  Fla.,  Feb.  22  to 
March  4,  1917,  alleged  to  nave  been  written,  dic- 
tated or  inspired  by  William  R.  Hearst,  together 
with  messages  to  him  from  editors  of  Hearst 
papers.  In  one  Mr.  Hearst  referred  to  the  Zim- 
mermann  note  to  Mexico  as  being  In  "all  prob- 
ability absolute  fake  and  forgery,'  Attorney 
General  Gregory  Is  denounced  as  "a  spy  fancier 
and  plot  conceiver,"  while  Colonel  House  is 
described  as  a  man  who  "has  been  a  corporation 
lobbyist  all  his  life."  He  also  referred  to  Post- 
master General  Burleson  and  Attorney  General 
Gregory  as  being  "so  crooked"  that  one  of  them 
could  lie  on  top  of  the  Woolworth  Building  and 
the  other  on  the  floor  and  look  down  and  up  the 
winding  stairs  Into  each  other's  eyes.  Another 
was  a  cablegram  from  Mr.  Hearst  to  William 
Bayard  Hale,  then  his  Berlin  correspondent,  dated 
Feb.  24,  1917,  saying  "the  vast  majority  of  the 
people  of  the  United  States  did  not  wish  to  go  to 
war  against  Germany."  In  a  telegram,  March  3, 
1917,  he  said  the  use  of  pictures  of  American 
flags  on  his  papers  had  given  "us  a  very  American 
character,  and  probably  hWping  to  sell  p.ipers, 
etc." 

■ — The  New  York  Court  of  Appeals  refused  to  slay 
the  issuing  of  a  certlflrate  of  election  to  Alfred  E. 
Smith  as  successor  to  Governor  Whitman. 

— William  HohenzoUern  has  attempted  to  commit 
suicide,  following  mental  depression,  according  to 
the  Leipzig  Tageblatt,  quoted  in  a  Copenhagen 
despatch  to  the  Exchange  Telegraph  Company. 
A  member  of  the  ex-Kaiser's  retinue,  who  pre- 
vented Herr  Hohenzollern  from  carrying  out  his 
intention,  received  a  wound,  it  is  said. 

—Count  Michael  Karolyi,  who  took  part  in  the 
recent  proclamation  of  a  Hungarian  republic,  is 
reported  in  a  Budapest  telegram  to  have  attempted 
suicide  in  despair  of  the  success  of  Ws  efforts  to; 
reconstruct  Hungary. 


Dec.  10 — Coblenz  is  friendly  to  .American   soldiers 

as  they  occupy  the  city. 
— The  French  Army  occupies  Mainz  and  frees  2,600 

interned  Americans.'   ■ 
— At  Paris  a   divorce  ■  was  granted   to   Mrs.   Paris 

Singer,  wife  of  the  son  of  the  late  Isaac  Merritt 

Singer. 

Dec  11 — The  30-day  armistice  between  the  Allies 
and  Germanic  powers  ended  at  11  a.  m.,  and  dis- 
cussion of  a  prolongation  began  at  Treves.  Bel- 
gium, France,  Alsace-Lorraine  and  Luxemburg 
have  been  evacuated  by  the  Germans.  Guns, 
heavy,  field,  machine  and  minenwerfer,  have  been 
surrendered  in  the  quantities  stipulated.  The 
German  armies  have  evacuated  the  countries  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  the  Allied  troops 
have  reached  that  river  and  hold  the  principal 
bridgeheads  at  Mainz,  Coblenz,  and  Cologne.  A 
large  part  of  the  railroad  equipment  has  been 
surrendered,  and  the  Germans  aie  daily  surrender- 
ing further  rolling  stock.  The  Germans  have 
surrendered  their  submarines,  their  battleships 
and  cruisers  and  destroyers,  while  Allied  warships 
have  free  access  to  Baltic  and  Black  Sea  ports, 
and  German  ships  in  the  latter  have  been  sur- 
rendered. All  shipping  on  the  Rhine  is  now  under 
control  of  an  inter-Allied  commission. 

— The  President's  ship  encountered  heavy  seas  as  it 
turned  north  from  the  Azores,  toward  Brest. 

— The  French  Government  offers  its  college  and 
other  educational  facilities  to  students  In  the 
American  Expeditionary  Forces. 

— The  King  and  Queen  of  Roumania  have  returned 
to  Bucharest. 

— Influenza  spreads  anew. 

— ^Nicholas  Semernikoff,  a  former  RuRSian  Com- 
missioner under  Kerensky,  committed  suicide  at 
a  New  York  hotel. 

— Mayor  Hylan  of  New  York  holds  for  the  Grand 
Jury,  on  a  charge  of  manslaughter,  several  Brooklyn 
Rapid  Transit  Railroad  oflScials,  Including  Presi- 
dent T.  S.  Williams,  Vice-President  J.  J.  Dempsey, 
Chief  Engineer  W.  S.  Menden,  Superintendent 
T.  F.  Blewett;  J.  N.  Hallock,  president  of  a 
subsidiary  company;  and  the  motorman  of  the 
wrecked  train,  Edward   Luciano,   or    Lewis. 

— The  Navy  Department  announced  that  on  Dec.  9 
six  men  of  the  crew  of  the  armored  cruiser  Brooklyn 
were  killed  and  thirty  others  injured,  some  serious- 
ly, in  an  explosion  of  coal  dust  aboard  the  vessel 
in  the  Harbor  of  Yokohama.  Japan,  where  she 
was  coaling,  preparatory  to  a  return  to  Vladivostok. 

Dec.  13 — The  George  Washington,  with  President 
Wilson  and  his  party  aboard,  arrived  at  Brest, 
France,  where  they  were  received  with  great 
state  by  the  French  Governmeut. 


WAR    BIRTH    AND    DEATH    RATES    IN    CERMANV. 

(From  a  Bulletin  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Labor.)    ,. 
.  The  following  figures  arc  published  by  the  Handelsblad,  relating  to  the  birth  and  death  rates  In  various 
large  German  cities.    The  statistics  are  for  four  weeks,  the  last  half  of  December,^1917,  and  the  first  half 
ot  January,  1918: 


City. 


Berlin.  .  , . 
Hamburg . 
Cologne .  . 
Leipzig . . . 


Birth 
Rate. 


9.2 

7.0 

13.4 

6.5 


Death 
Rate. 


9. .5 
18.4 
20.7 
15.9 


City. 


-1- 


Dresden .  . 

Frank  .-on-the-M  'n . 

Dusseidorf 

Nuremberg 


Birth 
Rate. 

Death 
Rate. 

7.9 

8.3 

9.4 

10.4 

16.4 

9.7 

12.4 

14.8 

City. 


Chemnitz . 
Breslau.; . 
Stettin .  .  . 
Hanover. . 


Birth    Death 
Rate.    Rate. 


8.1 
14.0 
12.5 
10.8 


17.9 
22.9 
17.2 
17.1) 


For  comparison  the  rates  in  some  cities  of  Great  Britain  and  neutral  countries  are  given  below.    The 
British  figures  are  for  the  week  ended  January  6,  1918: 


City. 

Birth 
Rate. 

Death 
Rate. 

City. 

Birth 
Rate. 

Death 
Rate. 

City. 

Birth 
Rate. 

Death 
Rate. 

London "... 

20.4 
24.0 
25.4 
22.3 

21.3 
14.4 
20.5 
15.4 

Edinburgh 

Dublin 

Amsterdam 

Copenhagen 

13.2 
25.4 
22.3 
21.1 

15.5 
18.8 
15.0 
13.3 

Christlania . 

Stockholm. ...-.'... 

17.4 
19.0 
19.8 

13.9 

Birmingham 

Liverpool 

Glasgow.. ...'..... 

12.1 
12.0 

792 


Fires,  Wrecks,  Floods,  Etc. 


FIRES,   WRECKS 

1917. 

Dec.  22 — Train  runs  into  crowd  at  Magnolia  Sta- 
tion, 20  miles  from  Baltimore;  XO  persons  killed, 
half  a  dozen   others   injured. 

— Newark    Rubber    Go's    army-    raincoat    plant    at 

,  Newark,  N.  J.,  destroyed  by  explosion  and  fire; 
4   lives   lost;   property   loss,    $14,000. 

Dec.  22-3 — Buildings  in  ivliolesale  district,  New 
Orleans,  La.,  burn;  damage  estimated  at  $400,000. 

Dec.  24 — Knoxville  St.  car,  rittsburj;;!!.  Pa.,  runs 
"away  in  tunnel  and  turns  over;  14  Christmas 
shoppers  killed  and  injured. 

Dec.    25 — New  Haven   train   wrecked  by  broken   rail 

2  miles,    so.    of    Uoxbury,    Conn. ;    14    Christmas 
travellers   injured.  „    , 

Dec.  29— Fire  at  Skowhegan  (Me.)  Garage  Co.  s 
plant   destroys   34   automobiles. 

Dec.  30— Adams  &  Co.'s  leather  dressing  factory 
at  Johnstown,  near  GloversvUle,  N.  Y.,  burns; 
loss  $300,000.  Wilson  &  Green's  lumber  yard  at 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  burns;  loss  $75,000;  250  horses 
(value  $150,000)  die  in  stable  fire  at  Excelsior 
Park  Boarding  Stable,  E.  124th  St.,  N.  Y.  City; 
$125,000  worth  of  army  supplies  burn  at  L.  I. 
freight  transfer  station,  L.  I.  City,  N.  Y.  Catho- 
lic church,  convent,  school  house  and  Glebe 
House  burn  at  North  Sydney,  N.  S. ;  loss  $150,000. 
Business  block  at  Northfork,  W.  Vs.,  burns;  loss 
$200,000. 

Dec.  31— Explosion  in  Government  plant  at  Fall 
River,  Mass.,  does  $50,000  worth  of  damage. 
Explosion  in  steam  vat  at  Estes  Mill,  Fall  River, 
Mass.,  making  absorbent  cotton  and  rope  for 
Government,    does   $30,000   worth   of   damage. 

1918. 

Jan.  1— Fire  destroys  Buckeye  Cotton  Oil  Co.'s 
plant  at  Charlotte,  N.  C;  estimated  loss  several 
hundred  thousand  dollars;  2  tenement  houses  at 
Fitchburg,  Mass.,  burn,  21  families  lose  their 
homes  but  no  lives  lost;  property  loss   $40,000. 

—Boiler  explosion  at  Philadelphia  Navy  Yard 
kills  2  men,  injures  6.  Fire  at  Catskill,  N.  Y., 
destroys  post  office,  theatre  and  a  number  of 
stores;  loss  estimated  at  $250,000;  2  blocks  In 
Norfolk,   Va.,    business   district   destroyed   by  fire; 

3  men  killed,  number  injured;  loss  estimated  at 
more    than    $2,000,000. 

—At  Toledo,   O.,  a  Christmas  tree  fire  kills  3. 

Jan  2— Explosion  in  boiler  room  in  new  $3,000,000 
garbage  reduction  plant  at  Greenridge,  on  Arthur 
Kill,  Staten  Island;  $60,000  worth  of  damage. 
Curtis  Machine  Company,  Jamestown,  N.  i-. 
bums;  loss  $50,000.  .   .       •■  •     crnn 

Jan.  4— One  fireman  killed,  many  injured  in  $500,- 
000  fire  at  Hobokcn,  N.  J.  Gatti-McQuade  Co.  s 
paper  stock  warehouse  and  Butler  Bros.'  (store 
supplies)    destroyed.  . 

Jail.  9 — In  Chicago  moving  picture  theatre,  Chicago 
Ave.  and  Leavitt  St.,  burns;  4  firemen  killed,  4 
injured. 

Jan.  10— Music  Hall  Building,  housing  two  news- 
paper plants  at  La  Salle,  111.,  bums;  loss 
$100,000.  Fire  destroys  John  J.  Buckley's  pork 
pacldng  plant  at  Chester,  Pa.;  loss  $250,000. 
Fire  at  Ottawa,  Canada,  destro.vs  Catholic  hos- 
pital, kills  1  woman,  4  children;  property  loss 
$100,000. 

Jan.  11— A  65-milc  gale  drove  3  ocean  steamers 
aground  in  harbor  of  Newport  News,  Va. 

— Tornado  sweeps  through  Eastern  Alabama  and 
Central  Georgia,  kills  16,  injures  more  than  100. 
Snowfalls  in  Louisiana  and  Mississippi.  First 
snowfall  in  nearly  15  years  in  this  section. 

Jan.  12 — A  gale  attaining  a  velocity  of  84  miles  an 
hour  sweeps  over  New  York  City.  Before  the 
gale  was  a  heavy  thunder  shower,  preceded  by 
snow;  temperature  ro.se  from  26  degrees,  7  A.  M., 
Jan,  11,  to  50  degrees,  7  A.  M.,  Jan.  12,  resulting 
in  rapid  melting  of  snow  and  frozen  grounds, 
causing  washouts  on  railroad  tracks  and  floods  in 
streets  and  cellars.  Wright  Hotel,  Saginaw, 
Mich.,  burns;  loss  $75,000.  Sixty-mile  gale  at 
liVnn,  Mass.,  sends  brick  smokestack  through  roof 
of  box  company  plant,   kills  8,   injures  20. 

Jan.   13— Indian  boys  die  in  fire  at  Dwlght  Indian 

Trainincr   Snhnnl.    MflrhlA   flUv.    Olcla. 


Ttainine  School.  Marble  City,  Okla, 


,    FLOODS,    ETC. 

Jan.  14 — Near  Louisville,  Ky.,  locomotive  runs  into 
Jeffersonville  and  Louisville  car;  2  killed,  16  in- 
jured, 13  seriously.  War  Department  loses  $100,- 
000  worth  food  supplies  by  fire  at  Washington 
(D.   C.)  Barracks,  Quartermaster's  Department. 

Jan.  24 — Philadelphia  public  school  burns;  3  fire- 
men killed,  15  injured  by  falling  wall;  los.s 
$150,000.  Cyclone,  followed  by  tidal  wave  and 
flood,  destroys  town  of  Mackay  in  Queensland, 
N.  S.  W. ;  many  persons  killed;  sugar  valued  at 
$3,000,000   destroyed. 

Jan.  25 — Near  Corning,  N.  T.,  2  electric  cars  col- 
lide; 25   passengers  injured,   0   seriously. 

Jan.  2C — Westinghouse  Electric  plant  in  Buffalo 
burns;  loss  $150,000.  Fire  destrpys  $1,000,000 
worth  of  goods  on  Newark,  N.  J,,  quays;  is 
checked  by  use  of  dynamite. 

—Express  train  from  Berlin.  Germany,  catches  fire 
by  explosion  of  bottle  of  benzine  at  Schleissheim; 
10   Idlled,    50   injured. 

^Explosion  iu  Newport,  B.  I.,  naval  works  kills 
12  workmen,  injures  7.  War  cargo,  Deepwater. 
American  vessel,  imder  control  of  U.  S.  Shipping 
Board  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  pier,  destroyed  by  fire 
and  water.  At  Peterboro,  Ont.,  $500,000  fire 
wipes  out  half  of  business  section,  including 
Royal  Theatre   and   Dominion  Bank. 

Jan.  27 — Taylor  Building  in  City  Square,  Taimton, 
Mass.,  burns;  loss  $175,000.  Columbia  Hotel. 
Fredonia,    N,    Y.,    burns;   loss   $85,000. 

Tan.  29 — Ice  gorges  at  Lower  Ohio  and  Teoinessee 
river  points  near  Paducah,  Ky.,  destroy  a  dozen 
steamboats,  2  diydocks,  small  craft;  damage 
about   $1,000,000. 

Feb.  6 — 3  passengers  and  a  trainman  killed,  12 
passengers  injured  by  collision  on  Bangor  and 
Aroostook  Railroad. 

—Wharf  and  warehouses  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y., 
Inun;  loss  $500,000. 

Feb.  10— Freight  yard  fire  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  de- 
stroys 17  freight  cars,  partially  bums  20  others 
and  burns  a  two-story  building;  cars  contained 
army  uniforms,  blankets  and  other  war  supplies. 

Feb.  12 — Fire  destroys  Mine  No.  5  of  Jackson  Hill 
Coal  and  Coke  Co..  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Feb.  14 — At  least  38  children  die  when  the  Gray 
Nunnery   at   .Montreal,    Canada,   burns. 

Feb.  IG— $100,000  home  of  Wm.  J.  Barker,  New 
York  manufacturer,  at  Riverside,  near  Green- 
wich, Conn.,  destroyed  by  fire  and  Mr.  Barker 
burned  to  deatli  while  fighting  fla»nes.  Cargo  of 
Red  Cross  supplies,  value  about  $500,000,  on 
Seandmavian -American  freighter  Minsk-,  at  Ho- 
boken,  N.  J.,  pier,  burns.  Fire  officals  decide 
fire  started  by  spontaneous  corab\istion. 

Feb.  22— A  family  of  9  die  in  fire  at  Peaborty,  Mass. 

Feb.  19— A    powder    plant    at    Wayne,    N.    J.,    ex- 

■  plodes;  4  hurt.  3  buildings  wrecked;  loss  $10,000. 
Feb.  24— $500,000    worth    of    chocolate    at    Hershey 

plant  at  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  destroyed  by  fire. 
March  3— John    McE.    Bowman's    summer    home    at 
I    Greenwich,   Conn.,  burns;  estimated  loss  $100,000. 
Trial    room    at    N.    Y.    City    Police    Headquarters 
burns;  loss  about  $5,000. 
iWarch  15— A    landslide    in    Elizabethtown    cut,    19 
I    miles  east  of  Harrisburg,   Pa.,   strfkes  Cincinnati, 
i    Indianapolis    and    Chicago    express    on    Pennsyl- 
vania RB. :  kills  2,   injures  28. 
March    17— Train    strikes    automobile    at    crossing, 

■  Pendleton,   Ind. ;  kills  4. 

March  20— Horace  E.  Waters  &  Co.  lose  400  pianos 
I    in    factory    fire,    E.    40th    St.,    N.    Y.    City;   loss 

$60,000.     Fire  destroys  Wm.  R.  Tliropp  Sons  Co.'s 

machine   shop   at  Trenton,    N.    J. ;  loss   estimated 
i    at  $150,000. 

.March  26— Explosion  in  sU-story  building  of  Jar- 
1  vis  Warehouse  Company,  Inc.,  Jersey  City,  N.  X, 
'  destroys  building  and  causes  fire;  estimated  loss 
.    $1,500,000. 

(March  29—3  womeu  and  1  man  lose  lives  by  fire 
1    at  theatrical  boarding  house,  W.   38th  St.,  N.  Y. 

City;  property  damage  $10,000. 
April  7— Fire   at    Summerville,    Mass.,    destroys    75 
^    trolley   cars,    16   snowploughs;   loss   estimated  at 

$250,000. 


Fires,  WrechSy  Floods,  Etc.— Continued. 


793 


April  8— Fire  starting  in  new  Penm.  Hotel,  N.  Y. 
City,  destroys  row  of  houses;  loss  $75,000  to 
$100,000. 

April  12^Highest  tide  known  in  many  years  in  N. 
Y.  City  and  suburbs  floods  cellars  and  low  lying 
sections,  causing  damage — Seabright,  N.  J.,  esti- 
mated, $300,OQO;  loss  at  Coney  Island,  $50,000; 
Brighton  Beach  and  the  Roekaways  also  suffer 
heavy  losses.  Boardwalk  at  Atlantic  City  flooded; 
16  thoroughbreds  valued  at  $50,000  die  by  fire  at 
Prince  George  Park  Track  stable,  Bowie,  Md. 

April  13—36  die  by  fire  in  State  Hospital  for  In- 
sane at  Norman,  Okla. 

April  15 — Long  Lsland  R.  R.  train  of  12  cars,  west- 
ward bound,  carrying  soldiers  from  Camp  Upton, 
strikes  a  split  rail  near  Central  Islip;  3  soldiers 
killed,  40  injured. 

Apri^ie — Fire  at  Luua  Park,  Coney  Island,  N.  T., 
destroys  $2,000  show. 

April  25 — Fire  destroys  Trethaway  Bros.'  tinfoil 
factory  at  Parsons,  near  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa. ;  loss 
over  $500,000. 

May  9 — Surface  car  runs  away  at  145th  St.,  between 
Amsterdam  and  8th  Aves.,  N.  Y.  City,  hits  auto, 
Inlls  driver;  hits  another  car,  both  wi'ecked;  20 
persons  injui-ed,   8  soriou.sly. 

May  10 — Wooden  railroad  car  goes  over  trestle  at 
Camp  Jackson:  8  soldiers  killed,   26  hurt. 

May  18 — Explosions  wreck  Aetna  Chemical  Co.'s 
plant  at  Oakdale,  near  Pittsburgh,  Pa. ;  91  lives 
lost. 

May  21 — ^Tornado  sweeps  No.  Ellis  and  So.  Rooks 
Counties,  Kan. ;  in  town  of  Codell,  Rooks  Couaity, 
chtu-ches,  schools,  large  business  houses  and  resi- 
dences are  demolished;  hundreds  of  horses  and 
cattle  killed;  much  damage  done  to  crops;  10  per- 
sons killed  and  dozens  injured.  Tornadoes  sweep 
central  part  of  Iowa;  property  damage  estimated 
at  over  $1,000,000;  0   persons  kUled. 

May  22 — U.  S.  S.  Wakiva  collides  with  navy  cargo 
carrier  iind  sinks;  2  lost. 

May  26 — Fire  in  fur  company's  building,  Kosciusko 
Kt.,  Brooklyn,  does  $100,000  worth  of  damage  and 
drives  40  families  from  their  homes. 

June  15 — Smokiest  fire  in  city's  history  biUTis  fur- 
niture wareliouse,  10th  Ave.,  between  39th  and 
40th  Sts.,  N.  y.  City;  more  than  150  overcome 
by  smoke  taken  to  hospitals,  drug  stores  and 
saloons;  estimated  loss  $150,000. 

June  20 — Newark,  N.  J.,  trolley  car  packed  with 
ship  workers  wiecked  by  running  into  open  switch 
on  Lincoln  Highway  and  So.   7th  St. ;  ^43  injured. 

June  22 — ^Rear  end  collision  between  eauipment 
train  and  a  Wallace -Hagenbeck  Circus  train  on 
Michigan  Central  11.  R.  5  miles  west  of  Gai-y, 
Ind..  kills  68,  injures  127. 

June  28— Three  men  killed  and  a  score  or  more  in- 
juj'ed  by  westbound  Aurora,  Elgin  and  Chicago 
Limited  electric  train  striking  auto  truck  at  Elm- 
liurst.   111. 

June  29 — The  Ruff  Building  (3  stories)  collapses  in 
Sioux  City,  la. ;  dead  estimated  at  20  to  30. 

July  2 — Explosions  of  trinitrotoluol  wreck  Seniet- 
Solvay  Co.'s  war  plant  at  Split  Rock,  near  Syra- 
cuse,  N.    Y. ;   16   kUled,    over   200   injiued. 

— British  Mimition  Ministry  reports  serious  ex- 
plosion, in  national  shell  filling  factory  in  Mid- 
lauds;  kills  from  60  to  70. 

July  4 — Contents  of  concrete  storehouse  on  State 
Camp  Grounds,  consisting  of  blanRets,  tents,  imi- 
forms  and  equipment,  near  Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  de- 
stroyed by  fire;  estimated  loss  $35,000. 

July  6 — Island  of  Guam  swept  by  typhoon;  little 
loss  of  life  or  personal  injury,  but  much  prop- 
erty loss. 

July  9 — In  head-on  collision  between  passenger 
trains  on  Nashville  and  St.  Ijouis  R.  R.  at 
Dutchman's  bend,  5  miles  from  Nashville,  Tenn., 
at  least  100  persons  Idlled.  as  many  more  injured. 

July  11— Fire  in  W.  16th  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  destroys 
Stillman  &  StUlman's  rubber  coat  plant  and 
Bijou  Button  Co.'s  plant;  loss  $75,000. 

July  12 — Japanese  dreadnought  Kawachi  (21,420 
tons)  blows  up  and  sinks  in  Tokoyama  Bay,  150 
miles  N.  E.  of  Nagasaki;  500  of  crew  of  960 
are   lost. 

July  13 — 10,000  barrels  of  crude  oil  on  Spanish 
steamship  Serentes.   Upper  Bay,  off  Owl's  Head 


Buoy,  Bay  Kidge,  So.  Brooklyn,  esplode;  Ship  t 
total  loss;  Captain  and  crew  escape. 

July  15 — Taxicab  runs  wild  at  42d  St.  and  Broad- 
way, N.  Y.  City,  riins  on  sidewalk,  knocks  down 
more  than  50  people;  3  seriously  injured. 

July  19 — Explosion  at  Aetna  Explosives  Co.'s  ni- 
trate plant,  Marquette,  Mich,,  Irills  3;  estimated 
loss    several   hundred   thousand   dollars. 

July  23 — Fire  destroys  Jersey  Felt  Shoe  Co.'s  fac- 
tory, Wooster  St.,   N.  Y.   City;  loss  $75,000. 

July  24 — Mam  hangar  and  dirigible  balloon  de- 
stroyed, a  dozen  airplanes  and  several  boildingj 
damaged  by  fire  at  Naval  Air  Station,  Nor- 
folk,  Va. 

July  27 — Explosion  of  mimitlons  being  taken  from 
railway  station  at  Shinionoseki,  Japan,  to  barges 
in   harbor   kills   30,    injures   60. 

3uly  28 — 2  cars  on  scenic  railway  at  Midland 
Beach,  S.  I.,  collide;  13.  persons  seriously  injured. 

Aug.  1 — Union  Bag  &  Paper  Co.'s  plant  at  Glens 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  burns;  loss  $759,000;  6  firemen 
and  an  employee  killed  by  falling  walls  of  grain 
storehouse  burned  at  Peekskill,  N.  Y. ;  loss 
$250,000. 

Aug.  8 — Fire  destroys  3  upper  floors  of  Borden's 
Cogdeused  Milk  Co.'s  stables;  165  horses  saved; 
loss  $15,000. 

Aug.  14 — De  Kalb  av.  and  Smith  St.  cars  collide 
at  Coney  Island  Ave.  and  Ave. '  Y.  Brooklyn;  20 
to   30   injured. 

Aug.  15 — Penn.  R.  R.  train  strikes  auto  on  siding 
near   Baltimore,    Md. ;    kills    7. 

Aug.  17 — Explosion  of  depth  bomb  on  U.  S.  S. 
Orizaba  at  sea  kills  Lieut.  Commander  William- 
son and  3  enlisted  men,  woimds  Commander  R. 
D.    White,   Lieut.   John  C.   T.vler  and  18  men. 

Aug.  21 — Tornado  strikes  Tyler,  Minn.,  kills  33, 
injures  from  50  to  60  persons;  property  loss  esti- 
mated at  half  a  million   dollars. 

Aug.  22— A  barge  loaded  with  540  tons  of  gasoline 
belonging  to  U.  S.  Expeditionary  Forces  burns 
at  Paris  dock.  ,    ,„  „„„ 

Aug.  24— Green  River  Distillery  plant  and  43,000 
barrels  of  whiskey  burn  at  Oweusboro,  Ky. ;  loss 
$3,000,000.  ,  .    ^     „     c    •.., 

Aug.  28 — Fire  destroys  home  of  W.  H.  Smith, 
former  President  N.  Y.  C.  R.  R.,  at  Mount 
Kisco,   N.   Y.;  loss  $150,000. 

Aug  29 — Lightning  strikes  apartment  house  on 
Riverside  Drive,  N.  Y.  City,  loosens  a  piece  of 
terra  cotta  weighing  400  pounds,  which  falls  to 
tlie  street;  a  heavy  rain  falling  at  the  time  ha,d 
left   the   streets  deserted,   so  no  one  was  injured. 

Aug  30— Firo  wipes  out  five  busmess  concerns  at 
Dobbs  Ferry,  N.  Y.,  and  temporarily  puts  electric 
lighting  anil  gas  plants  of  city  out  of  commission; 
loss,   $250,000.  „,       „  .      -r^  „ 

Aug.  31— Boiler  of  tugboat  Glen  Cove,  in  Walla- 
bovit  Canal,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  tAplodes;  kills  1, 
injures  4.  .      ,      ,  ,        ,. 

Sept.  8— Fire  destroys  naval  storehouse,  J,  A'>t*' 
N.  Y. ,  with  contents  of  interned  Germai  #  •  Is, 
i.  e.,  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of  bri(  x^-iiac, 
tapestries,    table  linen,   furniture,   &c. 

Sept.  11 — New  York,  Ontario  and  Western  Railroad 
strikes  touring  automobile  near  Earlvllle,  N.  Y. ; 
4  persons  Wiled.  Explosion  at  Eddystone  Ammu- 
nition Company's  shell  loading  plant,  Chester, 
Pa.;  kills  1,  injures  17.  Fire  at  New  York  Ship- 
building Company's  yards,  Camden,  N.  J.,  de- 
stroys factory;  loss,  $500,000. 

Sept.  16— Ten  of  crew  of  coastguard  cutter  Seueca 
drown  while  trying  to  save  British  steamer  Wel- 
lington, torpedoed  by  U  boat.  Burlington  passen- 
ger train  No.  43,  west  bound,  runs  into  work 
train  seven  miles  west  of  Alliance,  Neb. ;  12 
killed,  18  injured.  Extra  freight  train  runs  into 
rear  of  passenger  train  of  Boston  and  Maine  Rail- 
road at  Dummerston,  Vt. ;  3  IcUled.  22  hurt. 

Sept.  17 — Near  Marshall,  Mo.,  head-on  collision 
between  troop  train  and  freight  train  of  St.  Louis 
and  San  Francisco  Railroad;  11  are  killed,  36 
injured. 

— A  troop  train  is  wrecked  near  Marshfield,  Mo.; 
11  Wiled,  36  injured.  Fire  destroys  American 
Button  plant  (brass  buttons  for  military  uni- 
forms), at  Newark,  N.  J. ;  8  girls,  I  man,  1  boy 
killed.  5  girls  injured.  2  missins. 


794 


Buffalo  Fine  Arts  Academy. 


FIRES,  WRECKS,  FLOODS,  ETC.— Conttmiea. 


Sept.  21 — Boiler  tubes  on  excursion  boat  Julia  Staf- 
ford. New  York  City,  explode,  scalding  42  work- 
men; 4  will  die:  upward  of  300  persons  jump 
overboard.  It  is  thought  all  were  picked  up  or 
•Warn  ashore.  Fire  at  Kearny  (N.  J.)  Founda- 
tion (Ship)  Company  plant;  loss  $15,000.  Fire 
destroys  summer  home  of  Dr.  Abraham  Jacobi  of 
New  York  City,  at  Bolton,  Lake  George,  with  val- 
uable collection  of  relics.  Atlantic  City  express 
train  strikes  auto  at  unprotected  grade  crossing 
at  Pitman,  N.  J. ;  4  killed. 

Sept.  22 — Explosion  in  ammunition  factory  at  Woel- 
lersdorf,  near  Vienna,  Austria,  kills  382  and  in- 
jures many   others. 

Sept.  25 — Fire  destroys  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  ware- 
house; loss  $100,000. 

Oct.  3 — On  West  Farms  (N.  Y.)  of  subway,  south 
bound  local  hits  train;  2  men  killed,  about  30 
injured.  In  rear  end  collision  of  subway  trains 
at  Jackson  Ave.,.  Bronx.  N.  Y.,  2  killed,  30  in- 
jured. 

Oct.  4-5 — A  scries  of 'explosions  in  munition  plant 
of  T.  W.  GUlespie  Loading  Co.  at  Morgan,  near 
South  Amboy,  N.  J.,  wrecks  many  buildings,  kills 
no  to  100,  injures  200  to  400;  South  Amboy, 
Perth  Amboy,  Sayreville  and  Tompkinsville  prac- 
tically destroyed.  U.  S.  War  Department  takes 
charge;  traffic  into  Manhattan  throush  tubes  and 
on  East  River  bridges  halted,  and  scores  of  build- 
ings in  lower  financial  district  are  temporarily 
vacated.  Loss  of  plant  about  $18,000,000;  to 
surrounding  property  upward  of  $50,000,000. 

Oct.  8 — 2d  Ave.  L  train  telescopes  3d  Ave.  express 
near   lS7th  St.,   N.   Y.   City;  1  killed.    14  injured. 

Oct.  11 — L.  I.  RR.  train  stril;es  open  switch  at 
Atlantic  and  Boyd  Aves.,  Woodhaven,  L.  I. ;  3 
passenger  cars  are  hurled  from  track;  many  in- 
jured. 

Oct.  12-lG — Forest  fires  sweep  over  Northern  Wis- 
consin and  Minnesota,  area  55  miles  wide,  about 
40  miles  deep;  upward  of  1,000  men,  women  and 
children  are  biu-ned  to  death,  12.000  or  more  are 
homeless  and  penniless;  property  damage  con- 
servatively  estimated   at   yoo.000.000. 

Oct.  14— Explosions  in  munitions  plant  at  Trenton, 
uear  Toronto,  .Caa.,   kill  nearly   100. 

Oct.  16 — Tidal  waves  follow  earthQuake  in  Porto 
Rico;  property  loss  estimated  at  $34,000,000;  100 
persons  kUlcd  and  300   injured, 

Oct.  21 — Flare-up  in  American  Can  Co.'s  shell  load- 
ing plant,  Kenllworth,  N.  J.,  seriously  Injures  2 
men  and  6  girls. 

Oct.  24 — Long  Island  R.  E.  train  strikes  motor 
truck  coming  from  Camp  Mills  to  Jamaica;  15 
r^mp  laborers  injured. 

N(  1 — Green  motorman  speeds  past  "slow"  signal 
I.  Malbone  St.  tunnel  of  Brighton  Beach  elevated 
li  road,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  five  cars  crowded  with 
passengers  jiunp  track  and  cnmible  to  pieces; 
autos  for  miles  arotmd  commandeered  to  take 
victims  to  hospitals;  79  persons  killed  instantly, 
10  more  die,  62  seriously  injured,  lumdreds  hurt. 
Jlotorraan  and  train  guard  arrested  on  technical 
charge   of   homicide. 

Nov.  9 — Footljall  train  running  from  Camp  Grant, 
Uockford,  to  Chicago,  111.,  collides  witli  passenger 
train  on  Burlington  Road  6  miles  west  of  Aurora, 
111.;  2  soldiers  killed,   12  hurt. 


Nov.  11 — U.  S.  Ophiv  destroyed  by  fire  iu  Har- 
bor of  Gibraltar.  Ship  and  cargo  lost.  2  of 
crew,  3  members  of  Naval  Reserve  and  Father 
Comstock  of  Oakland,   Oal.,  lost. 

Nov.  l3r-iPacific  Mail  S.  S.  Peamsylvania  takes 
fire  and  sinks  at  dock  in  Iquique.   Chili. 

Nov.  H — ^^Fire  destro.ve  tlie  heart  of  the  'bufiinesB 
district  of  Upper  Sandusky,  Ohio;  more  than 
$250,000  loss.  A  dozen  mercantile  houses  and 
theii'  contents,  a  theatre  and  a  liotel  were  de- 
stroyed. Persons  were  caught  under  .a  falling 
brick  wa'H  aud  two  were  injured,  a^roibably 
fatally.  Amon^  the  seriously  injtired  was  A. 
B.  Wiliitney.  Presideut  of  the  O'hio  Miimrfiactur- 
ing    Compahy. 

Nov.  16 — A  eoutheast  hurrioaue.  Wowing  ninety- 
five  miles  an  hour  and  accompanied  by  a 
tidaJ  wave,  eweeips  the  west  coaat  of  New- 
foundland,   cauiiing   Oieavy    losses. 

Nov.  19 — iFire  in  'Mie  business  section  of  Briatol. 
Va.-Tenn.,  destroys  four  mercantile  ostablish- 
imeats.  the  Cumiberrland  Telephone  Exchange 
and  nearby  property.  The  loss  estimated  at 
half   a   million   dollars. 

—Flood- tide  and  gale  flooded  streets  of  Quebeo; 
.damage     estimated     at     $1,000,000. 

Nov.    21 — Cunard    'liner    CamDania    (12.950   tons), 
sinks  in  a  gale  in  Firth  of  Forth.  Scotland;  no 
lives    loat.  , 

Nov.  23 — Six  men  are  Idlled  and  three  oUiera 
seriously  Injured  in  a  head-on  collision  between 
freight  trains  on  the  Pennsylvania  Eailroad 
near   WilUam.sport,    Pa. 

Nov.  29 — Forge  shop  in  British  plant  near 
Toronto.    Out.,   bums;    loss   $250,000. 

— Wind  of  75  miles  an  hour  wrecks  anuch  prop- 
erty dn  Buffalo,  N.  Y.;  at  .Niagara  Falls  iboat 
houses  and   summer  cottages   are  flooded. 

Nov.  30 — .Part  of  business  section  of  Brewsters, 
N.  Y.  bums;  loss  $150,000. 

— "News  Leader"  plant  at  Richmond,  Va. 
bums:  loss  $250,000:  3  employees  severely 
burned. 

— Atlantic  Coast  Line  train  derails  near  Kmgs- 
tree,  S.  C, ;  2  trainmen  killed,  many  passengers 
injured. 

Dec  2 — Maibohn  Motor  Co.'s  factory  at  Racine. 
Wis.,  burns:  loss  $250,000. 

Dec.  4 — Earthquake  destroys  town  of  Va.UeQair 
aiid  partially  CoiJiapo.  Chili. 

Uec  5 — In  France,  an  express  train  from  Orleans 
crashes  into  and  telescopes  another  train 
loaded  with  American  material  near  .Meung-eur- 
Loire.  Twelve  bodies  removed  from  the  wreck 
and  identified;  others  not.  Twenty-five  persons 
injured.      Four    of    tlie    railroad    cars    smashed 

-Atlantic   Coast  Line  wreck  near  Elrod.   a<.  C. 

kills  2,   injures  30. 
. — British    warship    Cassandra    strikes   a   mine   in 
Baltic    and    sinks:    H    men    missing,    iiresum- 
;iibly   killed  by  explosion.  ,,>„.., 

—Eleven  men  were  killed  and  23  injured 
when  four  explosions  and  a  resultant  fire  de- 
stroyed the  detonator  assembling  tmit  of  the  du 
Pont  cap  works  at  Pompton  Lakes.  N.  J.  The 
countryside  for  miles  around  was  shaken.  Of- 
ficials of  the  company  said  they  believed  an  em- 
ployee in  the  detonator  building  had  dropped  one 
of  the   missiles   and   caused   the   explosion. 


BUFFALO    FINE    ARTS    ACADEMY. 


The  BuKalo  Fine  Arts  Academy  was  organized  November  11,  1862,  and  incorporated  December  4, 
same  year.  The  building  occupied  by  the  organization  Was  a  gift  from  Mr.  John  Joseph  Albright.  It  la 
of  white  marble,  250  feet  long  and  150  feet  wide  and  of  Grecian  style.  The  City  of  Buffalo  has  been  con- 
tributing toward  the  support  of  the  Institution  since  1909.  The  permanent  collection  of  the  Academy 
consists  of  200  paintings,  800  engravings  and  etchings,  and  56  sculptures,  including  casts.  The  total  mem- 
bership is  540.  During  each  year  twelve  special  exhibitions  are  given;  a  quarterly  art  journal  is  ptiblished. 
Lectures  are  given.  Special  efforts  are  made  to  interest  the  public  and  the  school  children.  Several  foreign 
exhibits,  brought  over  by  the  director,  Cornelia  B.  Sage,  and  passed  on  to  other  large  museums  after  being 
first  shown  at  the  Albright  Art  Gallery,  have  made  Buffalo  noted  in  art  circles.  They  included:  exhibition 
of  paintings  and  sculpture  by  the  Soclete  Nouvelle  of  France,  of  which  Rodin  was  president;  exhibition  of 
French  textiles;  exhibition  of  the  works  (sculpture)  by  the  great  Constantino  Meunier  and  others;  the  •ex- 
hibition of  American  sculpture,  held  at  the  Albright  Art  Gallery  in  1916. 


Congress  Chronology. 


79.5 


CONGRESS    CHRONOLOCY-HICH    LIGHTS    ONLY. 


1917. 

Di'Ci  3 — Sixty-fifth  Congress  opens  its  second  regu- 
lar session ;  Tj:easury  Department  gives  estimate 
for  fiscal  year,  $13,504,388,000,  esclusive  of  sink- 
ing fund  and  postal  service. 

Dec.  4 — Tiie  President  addresses  joint  session;  rec- 
ommends that  state  of  war  bo  declared  with 
Austria-Hungary. 

Dec.  7 — Both  Houses  pass  joint  resolution  declaring 
state  of  war  between  U.  S.  and  Austria- Hungary, 
One   negative    (Socialist)    vote. 

Dec.  12 — Senate  passes  bill  legalizing  combinations 
of  U.   S.   exporters. 

Dee.  17 — House  adopts  resolution  to  submit  to  the 
States  a  Federal  Prohibition  Amendment  to  U.  S. 
Constitution   {242  to  128). 

Dec.  18 — House  repeals  exemptions  of  Hepresenta- 
tives  and  Senators'  salaries  from  excess  profits 
tax  of  3  per  cent.;  Senate- passes  House  Prohibi- 
tion resolution,  which  now  goes  to  the  States  for 
ratification. 

lJ>tS. 

Jan.  4 — The  President  tells  Congress  in  joint  session 
his  purpose  in  taking  over  the  railroads;  bill  in- 
troduced in  both  Houses  to  carry  his  news  into 
effect. 

Jan.  8 — The  President  states  to  Congress  in  joint 
session  his  fourteen  peace  points. 

Jan.  10 — House  passes  Federal  Woman  Suffrage 
Amendment  by  two-thirds  vote   (274   to  136). 

Jan.  15 — Senate  defeats  Print  Paper  Bill  providing 
that  U.  S.  Trade  Commission  take  over  coimtry's 
paper  mills. 

Feb.  1 — Senate  Committee  on  Interstate  Commerce 
by  11  to  4  limits  Government  railroad  control  to 
period  of  18  months  from  end  of  war,  President 
to  have  rate  fixing  power  subject  to  review  by 
Interstate   Commerce   Commission. 

Feb.  11 — In  address  to  Congress  the  President  dis- 
cusses the  recent  speeches  of  von  Hertling  and 
von   Czernin. 

Feb.  18 — House  passes  Urgent  Deficiency  Bill;  Sen- 
ate Finance  Committee  amends  War  Finance  Cor- 
poration Bill  by  giving  power  to  appoint  the 
Directors  to  the  President  instead  of  to  .Secretary 
McAdoo. 

Feb.  22 — Senate  passes  Kailroad  Control  Bill,  ap- . 
propiiating  $500,000,000  for  Federal  operation. 

Feb.  2G — Senate  adopts  conference  report*  authoriz- 
ing spending  of  $50,000,000  by  Shipping  Board  for 
housing  labor  at  shipbuilding  yards. 

Ptb.  27 — House  passes  "Alien  Slacker"  Bill— sub- 
jects of  "Allies"  within  military  age  must  waive 
e.\euiption  or  be  barred  from  this  country. 

Feb.  28 — House  adopts  Railroad  Control  Bill  (six 
negative  votes.) 

March  4 — Senate  adopts  conference  report  on  Sol- 
diers and  Sailors'  Civil  Bights  Bill;  House  passes 
Woman  Spy  Bill. 

March  5 — President  aslis  Congress  for  authority  to 
purchase  piers  of  German  steamship  lines. 

March    7 — Senate   passes    War   Finance    Corporation 

Bill,  Directors  to  be  appointed  by  President. 
March     8 — President     signs    Soldiers    and     Sailors' 
Civil  Bights  Bill,  which  provides  for  a  moratorium. 
March    11 — Senate    authorizes    Government    to    sell 

Gennan  property  in  U.   S. 
March    12. — Senate    passes    Urgent    Deficiency    Bill. 
Miarch     13 — Senate     adopts     conference     report     on 

Railroad  Control  Bill. 
.March  15— House  passes  Daylight  Saving  Bill. 
March   IG— Senate   passes   Daylight   Saving   Bill. 
March    21— President     signs    Government    Railroad 
Control  Bill;  House  passes  War  Finance  Corpora- 
tion  Bill;   Senate   passes   Agricultural   Appropria- 
tion Bill,   carrying   $28,000,000. 
March  23 — Senate  passes  twelve  minor  but  necessary 

war  bills. 
April    1— Both    Houses    adopt   conference   report   on 

War   Finance  Corporation  Bill. 
April  2— House  passes  bill  ($50,000,000)  for  housing 
workers  in  war  industries. 


•'Adopting  the  conference  report  passed  the  bill 
In  the  Senate. 


April   6 — President  signs  Finance  Corporation  Bill. 

April  10 — Senate  passes  Sedition  Bill  (a  supplement 
to  Espionage   Act).' 

April  13. — House  passes  Sehate  Draft'  Quota  Bill. 

April  15-16 — Both  Houses  adopt  conference  report  on 
Sabotage  Bill^plison,  tertas  for  interference  with 
war  industries,  except  for  strikers. 

Ai-ril  29 — Senate  passes  Overman  Bill,  after  reject- 
ing House  amendments. 

May  1— Senate  passes  War  Industries  Labor  Hous- 
ing BUI. 

May  4 — Senate  adopts  conference  report  on  Sedition 
Bill. 

May  7 — House  adopts  conference  report  on  Sedition 
Bill. 

May  14— House  passes  Overman  bill   (295  to  2). 

May  20— President  signs  Overman  bUl  (for  co- 
ordinating and  consolidating  Government  bureaus 
and  agencies). 

May  22 — Senate  passes  Naval  Appropriation  Bill 
($1,020,000,000). 

May  23 — House  adopts  amendment  to  annual  Agii- 
cultural  Appropriation  Bill  providing  that  none  of 
fund  shall  be  available  imtil  President  forbids 
use  of  food  materials  in  production  of  malt  or 
vinous  liauors  for  beverage  purposes. 

May  28— Senate  passes  Urgent  Deficiency  Bill 
($123,000,000). 

May  31— House  passes  $12,000,000  appropriation  for 
army  of  3,000,000  and  giving  tiie  President  un- 
limited power. 

June  10— House  passes  Soldiers  and  Sailors'  Voca- 
tional  Rehabilitation  Bill. 

June  14— Botli  Houses  pass  Voi^^at;onal  Rehabilita- 
tion   Bill,    appropriating    $2,000,000. 

June  15,  17— Both  Houses  pass  Sundry  Civil  Ap- 
propriation  Bill    ($2,915,019,447).  

June  19— Senate  passes  Pension  BUI  ($220,000,000); 
House  passes  bill  to  exclude  foreigners  from 
commanding  \essels  having  U.  S.   registry. 

June  21— House  passes  Alien  Anarcliist  Deportation 
BUI.  „  .   ^. 

June  24— Senate  ratifies  Reciprocal  Conscription 
Treaty  with  Great  Britain;  House  passes  Forti- 
fications Bill  ($5.435,t>96,224,  for  artillery,  ara- 
nuuiition  and  war  supplies,  three  armies  of 
1,375,000    men    each). 

June  29 — Senate  passes  Army  Appropriation  (.'212,- 
000,000.000),  Fortification  ($4,000,000,000)  and 
S>indrv  Ci\-U  Appropriation  ($3,000,000,000)  CUls; 
both  Houses  pass  $371,000,000  P.  O.  BUI,  elimi- 
nating provision  for  continued  use  of  privately 
owned  pneumatic  tube  systems. 

Julv  1 — House  passes  new  Deficiency  BUI  (.?1,000,- 
000,000). 

July  5-^House  a.dopts  resolution  giving  President 
control   of  wire  communication. 

July  0— Senate  passes  biU  giving  President  control 
of  shipping. 

■luly  13 — Senate  passes  Wire  Control  Resolution 
(JO  to  16). 

j,ily   10 — President  signs  Wire  Control  Bill. 

Aug.  23 — The  House  defeats  amendment  to  Man 
Power  Bill,  which  would  postpone  calling  men  of 
eighteen  and  nineteen  untU  all  others  subject  to 
draft  had  been  put  in  uniform. 

Aug.  24— House  passes  Man  Power  Bill  (336  to  2), 
defeats  "Work  or  Fight"  Amendment  and  one  to 
exempt  New   York   City   police. 

Aug.    2-7 — Senate   passes  Man  Power  BUI. 

Aug.    31— The  President  signs  Man  Power  Bill. 

gept.  4 — Senate  passes  joint  resolution  authorizing 
President  to  establish  "dry  zones"  near  camps, 
munition  factories,   shipyards,  &c. 

.Sept.  5 — House  passes  Water  Power  BUI  (231  to  23, 
174  not  voting).  ..   ,  .   .  ,   .. 

ge])t    7 — House  passes  "di-y  zone"   joint  resolution. 

Sept  16— House  defeats  proposed  amendment  ex- 
empting President  and  State  officials  from  income 

Sept  20— House  passes  record-breaking  Revenue  BUI 
designed  to  raise  $8,182,492,000  by  taxation;  roll 
call  shows  350  ayes,  none  in  the  negative. 


796 


The  Cincinnati  Museum  of  Art. 


CONGRESS  CHRONOLOGY— Con/inwed. 


Sept.  21— Berresentative  Bobbins  (Rep.)  of  Penn- 
sylvania charges  that  16  Southern  States  have  re- 
ceived from  U.  S.  GoveiTimciu  a  total  of  $490,- 
30C,991  for  camps  and  war  plants,  while  Pennsyl- 
vania has  received  only  a  little  more  than  ,?S,000,- 
000  and  «ther  Northern  States  in  proportion;  Mr. 
Heflin  (Dem.)  of  Alabama  denies  that  the  Ad- 
ministration has  showa  sectionalism;  he  says 
Pennsylvania  has  received  $50,000,000  to  $60,000,- 
000  for  every  million  dollars  spent  in  Alabama 
and  that  the  North  generally  has  enjoyed  the  ex- 
penditure of  $16,000,000  for  every  million  dollars 
spent  iu  the  Southern  States.  House  passes  Agri- 
cultural Appropriation  Bill. 

Sept.  28— Senate  passes  Agricultural  Appropriation 
Hill;  Senate  adopts  conference  report  on  Mineral 
Production   Bill. 

Sept.  30— The  President  appears  before  V.S.  Senate 
and  urges  passing  Woman  Siiffrage  Amendment 
as  a  necessary  war  measure. 

Oet.  1— Senate  defeats  Woman  Suffrage  Amendment 
by  54  ayes  to  30  nays,  a  two- thirds  favorable  vote 
being  I'equisite  for  passage. 

Oct.  14— President  signs  Agricultural  Appropriation 
Bill;  Senator  Lodge  offers  resolution  before  read- 
ing of  President's  message  that  there  be  no  fur- 
ther communication  with  German  Government  on 
subject  of  peace  except  demand  for  unconditional 


surrender:  this  vfas  tabled;  Gore  of  Oklahoma 
proposed  uninterrupted  prosecution  of  war  and 
peace  treaty  only  with  representatives  of  German 
people  elected  by  them. 

Oct.  18— House  First  Deficiency  Appropriation  Bill 
for  1919.  carrying  $6,345,755,666  for  mUitary, 
naval  and  civil  establishments. 

OctT"  24— Senate  passes  1919  Deficiency  Bill,  adding 
$500,000  for  interstate  Quarantine  service  and 
$900,000  for  army  contingencies;  Senate  ratifies 
Italian   Selective   Service  Treaty. 

Oct.  28— The  President,  in  letter  to  Finance  Com- 
mittee Chairman,  explains  that  Point  III.  in 
Jan.  8  addiess  does  not  mean  "free  trade." 

Nov.  11 — President  Wilson  reads  armistice  terms 
to  Congress. 

Nov.  16 — Mr.  Daniels,  in  submitting  a  Naval  Ap- 
propriation Bill,  estimates  needs  of  navy  for  fiscal 
year  of  1920  at  $2,441,900,000.  ,.    ^      ^ 

Nov.  20 — At  Senate  investigation  it  was  disclosea 
that  the  Brewers'  Association  had  made  cash 
contributions   to    the    German -American    Alliance. 

Nov.  21— Congress  adjourns.  The  President  signs 
the  Emergency  Agricultural  Appropriation  Bill, 
making  the  TJ.  S.  dry  from  JiUy  1,  1919,  until 
the   demobilization   of   the  army. 

Dec.    2 — Congress  reassembles. 


NEW    YORK    STATE    MUSEUM. 

(Prepared  by  the  Museum  for  the  Almanac.) 

The  title.  New  York  State  Museum,  is  the  statutory  name  of  a  scientific  research  organization.  His- 
torically It  is  the  outcome  of  the  great  Natural  History  Survey  of  the  State  of  New  York  organized  in  1836. 
The  nucleus  of  these  now  extensive  collections  are  the  scientific  materials  brought  together  during  the  exist- 
ence of  that  survey.  Under  the  present  statute  the  "New  York  State  Museum"  includes  the  work  of  the 
State  Geologist  and  his  associates,  who  together  form  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  State  of  New  York: 
that  of  the  State  Botanist  and  his  staff;  of  the  State  Entomologist  and  his  staff;  the  Zoologist  and  the  Archaeo- 
logist. The  museum  collections,  as  such,  originate  partly  from  the  materials  acquired  for  the  researches 
of  these  officials  and  partly  from  special  additions  made  to  exemplify  the  resources  of  the  State  of  New  York. 
The  State  Museum  is  alternately  Itnown  as  the  Department  of  Science  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  and,  as  such,  is  under  the  administrative  control  of  that  university.  The  collections  of  the  museum 
are  arranged  on  a  floor  space  of  about;  100,000  square  feet  on  the  upper  floors  of  the  State  Education  Bulldiug 
at  Albany.  These  collections  form  what  has  been  planned  and  worked  out  as  an  essentially  State  or  pro- 
vincial museum  exhibiting  the  natural  resources  of  animal  and  plant  life,  the  mineral  wealth,  geological 
history,  and  aboriginal  culture  of  New  York  State.  It  has  not  planned  to  receive,  nor  does  it  especially 
welcome,  material  irom  outside  the  State,  unless  this  Is  adapted  to  Illuminate  the  scientific  problems  of  the 
State  Itself.  The  collections  are  open  free  on  every  week  day,  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.,  and  on  Sundays,  October 
1  to  May  1,  2  to  5  P.  M. 

Hall  of  Minerals — The  general  collection  of  about  5,000  specimens  is  supplemented  by  a  very  extensive 
and  complete  collection  of  minerals  from  New  York  State,  probably  the  best  in  existence.  There  are  prob- 
ably In  this  hall  about  14,000  specimens  on  exhibition. 

Hall  of  Geology — The  collections  here  illustrate  the  rock  structure  and  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  State, 
especially  the  application  of  minerals,  ores  and  rocks  to  commerce  and  the  industrial  arts. 

Hall  of  Fossils — This  hall  includes  vertebrates  and  invertebrates  and  the  long  continued  researches 
of  the  (Geological  Survey  have  made  the  collection  of  Invertebrate  fossils,  and  the  corresponding  classifica- 
tion of  the  rocks  of  New  York,  the  standard  of  comparison  for  the  world.  The  use  of  restorations  of  extinct 
animal  life,  with  relief  maps,  reconstructions.  &c.,  has  helped  to  visualize  the  appearance  of  these. 

Hall  of  Zoology — The  animal  life  of  New  York  is  exhibited  in  this  hall,  the  larger  mammals  in  habitat 
groups  and  the  smaller  mammals,  birds,  fishes,  reptiles  and  moUusks  in  extensive  series  of  well-mounted  speci- 
mens. The  collection  ol  birds  eggs  is  one  of  the  largest  in  America.  This  section  also  contains  a  representa- 
tive gathering  ot  Insects,  arranged  to  illustrate  their  economic  relations  to  agriculture  and  forestry.  The 
section  of  Botany  maintains  an  herbarium  of  upward  of  100,000  specimens  of  New  York  plants. 
,  Halls  of  Archaeology  and  Ethnology — These  contain  six  large  groups  representing  the  customs  and 
habits  of  th(?  Iroquois  Indians  in  their  natural  state,  before  the  advent  of  the  yvhlte  man.  These  figures 
have  been  cast  from  the  best  available  representatives  among  the  surviving  Iroquois  and  mounted  amid 
actual  accessories  and  against  painted  backgrounds.  They  depict  the  hunt,  warfare,  council  ceremony, 
industries  and  agriculture  of  the  New  York  aborigines.  The  collections  of  relics  o!  Indian  lite  in  New  York 
are  the  most  extensive  in  existence,  and  these  collections,  with  the  groups  referred  to,  fill  the  mezzanine  floors. 

The  museum  owns  three  parcels  of  real  estate,  presented  "by  citizens  for  preserving  their  geological 
Interest:  1 — The  Clark  Reservation  near  Syracuse,  a  tract  of  104  acres  characterized  by  its  extraordinary 
displa!?  ot  abandoned  cataracts  and  gorges  produced  by  the  flow  of  the  post-glacial  waters;  2 — Stark's 
Knob  Reservation,  or  Volcano,  near  Schuylerville;  3 — The  Lester  Park,  or  Cryptozoon  Ledge  In  the  town 
of  Greenfield,  west  of  Saratoga  Springs.    The  Legislature  grants  $55,000  a  year  for  maintenance. 


THE    CINCINNATI    MUSEUM    OF    ART. 

The  Cincinnati  Museum  Association,  organized  in  1880,  and  incorporated  In  1881,  gives  exhibitions 
during  the  year,  and  has  collections  of  modern  American  art  which  include  the  pictures,  sculpture  and  etch- 
ings ol  Frank  Duveneck;  paintings,  studies,  drawings  and  etchings  by  Robert  Blum;  as  well  as  a  representa- 
tion ot  the  other  leading  American  painters  and  sculptors.  Gathering  of  casts  of  Greek  sculpture  and  of 
carved  ivory  from  the  Roman  to  the  Renaissance  periods  is  installed  in  the  Schmidlapp  Building,  and  there 
Is  a  large  group  of  American  Archaeology.  The  decorative  arts  are  represented,  the  department  of  metal 
work  Including  besides  the  Elklngton  reproductions,  a  group  of  original  armor  and  the  Conner  collection  of 
original  silver.  The  museum  holds  also  the  Doane  collection  of  musical  instruments  the  Longworth  gather- 
in2  ol  India  shawls,  the  Bookwalter  collection  of  Oriental  art,  and  the  exhibition  of  Rookwood  pottery,  the 
Cincinnati  art  industry  with  which  the  museum  Is  connected.    There  is  a  reference  libraryv 


Death  Roll  of  1918. 


797 


Albdul  Hamid  II.  (1S42),  Con- 
istaatinople.  Sultan  of  Turkey, 
Feti.  10. 

Afbingdon.  William  L.  (1839), 
Northamirton,  England,  actor, 
-May    17. 

Adams.  AUan  (1890),  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y..  air  mail  pilot,  Nov.   18. 

Adams,  Charles  F.  (1852), 
'.Brooklyn.  N.  Y.,  lawyer,  lec- 
turer,  politician,   April  20. 

Adams.  Henry  (1838).  Boston, 
Mass.,     liistovian,     March     27. 

Adams.  W.  Franklyn,  N.  Y. 
City,  acolyte  of  "Little 
Church  Around  the  Corner," 
.TiUy    15. 

AKlunate,  Don  Santiago  (1859), 
Chilian  Ambassador  to  U.  S., 
Ajjril  17. 

Alexander,  Jlrs.  Theresa  S. 
(1840).  P.Uilipse  Manor.  N.  Y.. 
a  founder  of  "Daughters  of 
the   Confederacy,"   Aug.   9. 

Anderson.  Adolpli  K  (18(30), 
Keainy.  !N.  J.,  inventor, 
July   31. 

Anderson.  Di\  Samuel  F.  (1805). 
Brooklyn.  X.  Y.,  nose  and 
throat    specialist.    Aug.    5. 

Andrews,  Charles  (.1827),  Syra- 
cuse, N.  Y.,  fonner  Chief 
■Tudge  N.  Y.  Court  of  A-p- 
peals.    .Oct.>  22. 

Aiiti-im.     11th    Earl    of — 'WilliaTn 
Randal       'ifcDowell        (1851) 
July  19. 

Archamibault.  Sir  Hora'ce  (1857), 
'Montreal,  Can..  Chief  Justice 
of   Quebec,    Aug.   26. 

Arden,  Edwin  H.  (I«tj4),  N.  Y. 
City,    actor,   Oct.  2. 

Arents.  Geonge  (18»5).  M.  Y. 
City,  millionaire  tobacco  man, 
Fdb.  22. 

Armstrong.  David  M.  (1SU5), 
N.  Y.  City,   artist,  (May  26. 

Aanold,  .Bichard  {\U5),  N.  Y. 
City.  ViceJPresident  Philhar- 
monic Society,  June  21. 

Astor,  iHenry  (1831),  Columbia 
Co..  N.  Y.,  grandson  of  John 
Jacob  A5)tor,   June    f. 

Aveling.  "Edward  (1888),  N.  Y. 
City,     actor,     Oct.    14. 

Bailey,  James  S.  (1«42),  Brook- 
lyn. N.  y.,  originator  of  5 
and    10-cent    stores,    July    'SI. 

Bain.  Horatio  N.  (1858).  Pough- 
keenisie,  N.  T.,  trotting  horse 
ibreeder,    March    9. 

Baird,  uMajor  Charles  G.  (1S80), 
N.  y.  City.  Chief  of  Wire 
Communications,  American 

Exped.    Forces,    April    28, 

..BalUn.  Albert  (1857).  N.  Y. 
City.  Director  Hamlburg-Amer- 
ican  Line.  Nov.   9. 

•Bancroft,  Aaron  (1827),  S.  Y. 
City,  oldest  stock  broker, 
Oct.    3. 

.Bancroft,  Huibei-t  H.  (1832).  San 
Francisco,   historian.    March  2. 

(Bannon.  Mrs.  Anna  !M.  (1823), 
Bklyn..   N.  Y.,  grocer.  July  23. 

Barafca,  Signer  (1883).  Italian 
avi«tor,    June    20. 

Earnabee.  Henry  Clay  (1833), 
Boston.  Massf,  opera  singer, 
Dec.    18,    1917. 

Barnes,  Thurlow  Weed  (1853), 
N.  Y.  City,  financier.  June  27. 

Baasett.  Russell  (1846),  N.  Y. 
City,    actor.    May   7, 


DEATH    ROLL    OF    1818. 

(Includes  deaths  last  half  of  Dea 

Batten,  George  (I'SSS),  Mont- 
clair,  N.  J.,  advertising  man, 
iFeb.  16. 

Bavaria,  Queen  of,  Maria 
Theresa  (1849),  wife  of  Lud- 
wig    III.     (deposed).   .Nov.    12. 

Beach.  Allen  C.  (1823).  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y.,  former  Lieutenant 
Govemor.    Oct.    17. 

Bedbrook,  ■  .Major  Ernest  A.  St. 
George  (1879),  Chatham,  Eng., 
Deputy  Director  of  British 
iMundUons  oi  War  in  U.  S., 
ftfay  1. 

Beekman.  Gerard  (1842).  N.  Y. 
C,  la.wyer.  yachtsman,  Nov.  0. 

Bell.  Clark  (18312).  N.  Y.  City, 
la\vyer,  legal  writer  on  medico- 
legal subjects,  editor  and 
publisher,    Feb.    22. 

Ben  Ali,  Hussein,  King  of  the 
Hejar  and  Grand  Sheriff  of 
Mecca.  Aiug.  22. 

Bennett.  James  Gordon  (1841), 
N.  Y.  City  and  Paris,  propri- 
etor of  N.  Y.   Herald,  May  14. 

Bille.  Frank  E.  (1832).  London, 
Eng.,  di-plomatist.  June  10. 

Bud.  Francis  W.  (1881),  Bos- 
ton, Mass.,  newspa;per  pub- 
lisher   and    politician,    Aug.    9. 

Biscuccia-Villafranca  Count  Sil- 
vio di  (1852),  N.  Y.  City,  of 
old   Venetian   family.    .M,ay   15. 

Bishop.  Mis.  Jo.-!ephine  (Jennie 
Parker).  (1837).  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,    actress.    May    2S. 

Blache.  Vidal  de  la  (1845), 
Paris.  France.  geographer. 
April  6. 

Blackburn.  Joseph  C.  S.  (1S;«), 
Washington.  D.  C..  former 
U.  S.  Senaitor  from  Kentucky, 
Seipt.    12. 

Blake.  Sir  Arthur  Henry  (1840), 
former   Governor  of  Newfound- 

•  land.   Feb.   'M. 

Blanchfield,  Capt.  John  J. 
•(1881).  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.,  Cap. 
tain  of  .Marines,  killed  in  ac- 
tion,    June    7. 

Blankeabiu-g,  Rudolph  (1843), 
ex-iMayor   of   Phila.,    April   12. 

BlasMield,  Mrs.  Evangeline  W. 
(1858).  N.  y.  City,  au'thor, 
Nov.    17. 

Blodigett.  Rdchard  (1898).  New- 
ton. Mass..  .griator,  killed  in 
action.   May  20. 

Blount.  Major  James  H.  (1869), 
Clinton,  Ga.,  Judge  .\drocate, 
Oct.   7.  ^ 

Blumenau,  Levi  (1834),  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y..  Hebrew  philan- 
'thropist.    Aiig.    18. 

Boito.  Senator  Anigo,  Milan. 
Italian  musical  composer  and 
poet,    June    10. 

Bolanas.  Gen.  Leon,  San  Salva- 
dor, Director  General  of  Po- 
lice,   June   19. 

Bomfort.  'Col.  George  N.,  Day- 
ton, O.,  of  4th  generation  in 
U.   S.  military  service,   Oct.   4. 

Bonavenbure.  Lucien  N.  (1864). 
Great  Neck,  L.  I.,  theatrical 
man,    Aug.    14. 

Boltomley,  John  (1848),  N.  Y. 
City  director  .Marconi  Tele- 
graph Co.,   June  10. 

Bourquardez,    Joseph    P.    (1827) 
N.    y.    City.    Alsaitian    veteran 
Crimean  War.  Dec.  26.   1..17. 


1917.) 

Bowell.  Sir  ■>rackeuzie  (1824), 
ex-iPremier  of  Canada,  Dec. 
10.    1917. 

BoydJCarpenter,    Rt.    Rev.    Wil- 

"  lia:m  (1841).  Canon  of  West- 
minster,   Oct.   26. 

Brackett,  John  Q.  A.  (1842), 
ex-Gov.    of    iMass.,     April    6. 

Biady,  James  H.  (1862),  Idaho, 
U.   S.   Sen.,   ex-.GoT.,   Jan.   13. 

Bi-agg.  Mrs.  Viisinia  Evans, 
Mobile.  Aia»,  widow  of  Gen, 
Braxton     Bi'agg,     Feb.     2S. 

Brassey,  Earl  (1836),  British 
naval   authority,    Feb.    23. 

Braun,  Dr.  Ferdinand  (1850), 
iBrooklyn.  N.  Y.,  Nobel  Prize 
winner,  April  20. 

Bray,  Patrick  3.  (1843),  Presi- 
dent Brooklyn  (N.  y.)  Exemi^t 
Fii-emen,    July   5. 

Brayden.  Ldeut.  Kevin,  ex-mem- 
ber N.  Y.  World's  London 
Bureau,  killed  in  action  near 
Jerusalem.   Jan.    S. 

Breckons.  Robert  W.  (1866), 
Honolulu.  Rep.  Nat.  Commit- 
teeman from  Hawaii.   Nov.  27 

Breen.  Mis.s  Alice  (1675).  N.  Y. 
City,  singer  and  writer  on 
music.    Nov.    25. 

Breton,  Peitet,  Paris,  France, 
cycling   champion.   Jan.  20. 

Brodie,  Col.  Alexander  O. 
(1849).  Haddonfield,  N.  J.. 
veteran  Rough  Rider.  ex-Gov- 
ernor of  Arizona.--  May  10. 

Broussard.  Robert  F.  (I860), 
U.  S.  Senator'from  TJouisiana, 
April  12. 

Bruch.  Lieut.  Col.  Edward  B., 
JSf.  Y.  Citi,  exipert  rifle  shot. 
May    12. 

Brugere.  Henri  Joseph  (1841), 
Grenoble,  France;  Military 
Governor  of  Paris  in  1899, 
S&pt.   1. 

Bryan.  Charles  P.  (1857),  Chi- 
cago, 111.,  diplomat.  March  12. 

Buenz.  Dr.  Kari  G.  (1841). 
N.  y.  City,  managing  director 
Hamburg-iAm.  Line.  Sept.  15. 

Buermeyer,  Lieut.  Herbert  A. 
(1896).  N.  Y.  City,  athlete, 
killed  in  action,  July  2. 

Bullock.  Capt.  Harry  A.  (1879). 
N.  y.  City,  reporter,  killed  in 
action   about  June   5. 

Bimn.  Walter  Hodge  WS40), 
Richmond  HiU.  N.  Y.,  ex- 
Appraiser  elf  Port  of  New 
York.    Feb.    4. 

Bumes.  Caipt.  John  F.  (1885), 
Corning.  N.  Y.,  Marine  Corps, 
killed  in  action.  July  5. 

Burtc^n.  WTinfield  G.  (1853). 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  powder  and 
firearms  expert,   AiK.   3,    ' 

Bush,  Miss  Sarah  (1825),  Port- 
chester.  lN.  Y., "oldest  resident, 
July  19. 

Butler,     Dr.     Montague-   (18*33) 
(Damlbridge,     Eng.,     Master    of 
Trinity.   Jan.    14. 

Cadwallader.  Richard  .M,  (1839). 
Philadelphia,    lawyer.   Dec.    II. 

Offin.  Charles  ■HeuiT  (1854), 
N.  Y.  City,  art  critic,  actor, 
authvsr.   Jan.    14. 

Cairola,  Sergt.  Kaymond  J. 
(1891).  Fort  Lee,  N.  Y., 
champion  bowler  and  baseball 
player,  killed  in  action, 
LMlay   12. 


798 


Death  Roll  of  1918 — Continued. 


Caldwell.  John  R.   (1853).  N.  Y. 
•  City,  newspaper  man,  Xlareli  6. 

Cameron,     Hugh     (1835).     Edin- 

ibungh,  Scot.,  painter.  July  15. 

-Cameron,      J.      Donald      (1833), 

iHarri^urg.    Pa.,    U.    S.    Sen.. 

former  Sec.   of  War.   Aug.   30. 

Camp.'bell.     Richard     C.     (1834). 

.  Oald-weli;  N.  J.,  schoolmaite  of 
Grorer  Cleyeland,   April  12. 

Campbell,      Rev.      Tnomaa      \V. 
(1852).   Richmond   Hill,   L.   I., 
Bishop     of     P.     E,     Church, 
March  26. 

Camperdorwn,  3d  Earl  of,  Rob- 
ert Adams  Philiiw  Haldane 
Duncan   (1S41),  June  5. 

Carillo,  PedixD  Jose  (18(59), 
Quito,  'Ecuadior.  sugar  mer- 
chant,  Nov.   14. 

Oavpentiei',  Gen.  Horace  W. 
(1824L.  N.  Y.  City,  capitalist. 
Forty-niner,  Jan.  31. 

Carter     Robert     (1874),     Phila., 

•     Pa.,    cartoonist,    Feb.    27. 

Car.v,    Mrs.    Anna    (1840).    N.    Y. 
.-   City,   philanthropist,   Aug.  21. 

Casey  Richard  C'Old  Dick"), 
(1847),    N.    Y.    City,    old    7th 

■  Ward  "Children's  Friend," 
Sept,    12. 

Casitle,  Veroon  <rcal  name 
'Blythe),  (1887),  N.  Y.  City, 
dancer,  ayiator,   Feb.   15. 

Oastleman,  Biig,  Gen.  John  B. 
(1841),  Kentucky.  ex-Confed- 
erate and  Spanish  War  veteran, 
horse  breeder.    May   23. 

Cavell.  Mrs.  Ida  (1837).  Henley- 
on-Thames,  mother  of  Edith 
Cavell.   Junfl   17. 

Chalmers,  Mrs.  Isabella  Bird, 
iBronxville,  N.  Y.,  artist,  de- 
scendant of  signer  of  Declara- 
tion of  Independence,   Sept.  5. 

Ohaipin,  Benjamin  C.  (1874). 
Bristolville,  O.,  Lincoln  im- 
personator.   June  2.  I 

TTiaplin,  Winfield  S.  (1848), 
Washington,  D.  C,  Chan- 
cellor of  Washington  Uni- 
versity.   Jlarch    12.  ' 

Uhatard.  Right  Rev.  Francis  S. 
(1834),  Indianajpolis,  Ibd.,  R. 
C.   Bishop,   Sept,   7, 

Cbatfield-Taylor.  Mrs.  Herbert 
C,  Chicago,  111,,  society 
leader,    Ajjril  5.  I 

Chevreuse,  Duke  of  (1892), 
Paris,  France,  aviator,  Jan.  2y. 

Chinpendale,  James  R.  {1835), 
Passaic.  N,  J.,  a  guard  at 
lincoln  inauguration,  Julv  18. 

Olark,  Fredericjs  P.  (1884),  Gar-' 
den  City,  L.  I.,  President 
L.   I,    News  Co.,    Nov.   7. 

Clark.-    Rev.    Dr.    Isaac    (1832), 
.'     Summit,    N.   J.,    Dean   Emeri-J 
tus,  classmate  of  Chauncey  M. 
Depew,   Sept.    2. 

Olflike  Robert  S.  (.1865).  N.  Y. 
City,  night  manager  Waldorf- 
Astoria,  Jan.  3,  I 

Clarkson,  James  S,  (1842),  N.' 
Y.    City,    former    Surveyor    of 

'    Port.  May  31.  i 

Clayton.  Col.  Bertram  Tracy 
(1862).  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  civil 
engineer,  killed  in  action 
about  June  5. 

Cleveland,  Rose  Elizabeth,  sis- 
ter of  Grover  Cleveland, 
Liicca,    Italy.    Nov.    26. 

Oleyeland.  Treadwell  (1844),  N. 
Y.  City,  lawyer,  cousin  to 
Grover   Cleveland.    Jan.    12. 


Clowes.  Mi-s.  Julia  (1841), 
iBrooklyn,  N.  Y.,  wife  of  edi- 
tor of  Brooklyn  edition  N,  Y. 
World.    Aug.    26. 

Codman,  Charles  R.  (1829), 
Boston,  iXPass.,  former  Over- 
seer in  Harvard  University, 
Colonel  in   Civil  War.    Oct.    5. 

Cohn,  Julian  J.  (1893),  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  Jewish  welfare 
worker.     Nov.     26. 

Collier,  Robert  J.  (1876),  editor 
and   publisher,    Nov.   8. 

Collins.     Capt.     Phelps     (18S>4) 

I    Detroit,    Mich.,    aviator,  Jdlled 

I    in    action,     March    12. 

Colyer.     C,     Washington     (1832), 

I    Brooklyn,   N.  Y.,  former  Pres. 

I     "Old   Brooklynites,"    June   28. 

Compton.       Edward      Mackenzie 

1    (1854),    London,    Eng.,    actor, 

I    July  16. 

'Comstock,  John  A.  (■1827),  New 
London,  Conn.,  w.haleboat 
builder.    June    13. 

Comstock.  Mrs.  Margaret  Ham- 
ilton (.1843).  Summit.  N,  J., 
widow    of    Anthony    Comstock, 

,    Oct.   15. 

Conger,  Everton  J.,  Honolulu, 
pursuer   of    slayer   of  Abraham 

'    .Lincoln,   July   14. 

Conly,    Samuel    P.    (1849),    Rear 

i    Admiral    U.    S.    Navy   retired, 

I    April    10. 

Cooper.    Fletcher   E.    jr.    (1890), 
,  Brooklyn.     N.     Y.,     new&paper 

I    man,    Oct.   25. 

lOortjett.  Frank  J.  (1869),  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y.,  builder  and  singer, 

!    July  2. 

I'^orne'U.    Robert    C.     (1853),    N. 
Y.   City,    Magistraite,   oarsman, 
.1     Nov.   7. 

Courtleigh.    William    jr.     (1892), 

!    Phila.,    Pa.,   actor,    March  13. 

Courtney.  Leonard  D.  (1832), 
London,  Eng.,  first  Baron 
Courtney    of    Penwith,    former 

I     M.    P.,    May  11. 

powan,  William  J.  (1859), 
.Brooklyn,  N.Y..  editor,  July  1. 

Craig.  Patrick  T.  (1848)^  cus- 
todian of  Tammany  Hall, 
Aug.    22. 

Crane,  Albert  (1842),  Stamford, 
Conn..  )5hilanthroipist.   Sept. 21. 

Creamer.  Dr.  Joseph  M.  (1876), 
medical  worker  among  the 
poor.    July  28. 

Crooke,  William  (1843),  Brook- 
Ivn.  N.  Y..  editor  N.  Y.  Sun, 
(F.e(b.    12. 

Crosby.  Mrs.  Julia  Neilson 
(1833),  Yokohama,  Japan, 
missionary,    aibout    July  2. 

Crutchfield,      Nathaniel    il848), 

1    Louisville,    Ky..    former    Clerk 

I  U.  S.  House  of  Representa- 
tives.   March    12. 

Cui.  Cesar  (1835),  Petrograd, 
Russia,    composer,    March    14. 

Culdeback,       Cornelius       (1849), 

I    Port    Jervis,     N.     Y.,    lawj'er, 

'     historian.    Sept.    18. 

Curtis,  OUn  Alfred  (1851),  Le- 
onia.  N.  J.,. theologian,  Jan.  8. 

Curtiss,  Frank  (1840),  N.  Y. 
City,  former  President  6th 
av.    surface    railway,    Feb,    4; 

Cusaok.  Right  Rev.  Thomas  F. 
(1862).  R.  C.  Bishop  of  Al- 
bany,   N.     Y.,    July    8. 

Ciishman.  Horatio  B.  (1881) 
Yonkers.  N.  Y.,  baker,  July  8. 


Cutler.  Arthur  Hamilton  (1849), 
N.  Y.  City,  educator.  June  21. 

Daniels.  Henry  Lewis  (1838), 
iPontclair.  N.  J.,  N.  Y.  Prod- 
uce   Ex.    founder,    A'ug.    20, 

Darling,  Mrs.  Elaine  P,,  N.  Y. 
Ci'ty.    poet,    Sept.    1«. 

Darling.'  Richard  W.  (1860). 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  son  of  Ham- 
ilton College  President,  Oct.  2. 

Davenport,  Edgar  Loomis  (1862), 
Boston.    Mass.,   actor,  July  25. 

David-Meunit.  Arthur  (1850). 
President  Paris  Chamber  of 
Commerce.     Nov..   14. 

Davis.   George  Whitefield   (1839) 
Washingiton.     D.     C.     retired 
Major  General.  July  12. 

Day.  Frank  Miles  (1861),  Phila,, 
Pa.,    architect.    June   16. 

Debussy,  Claude  Achille  (185;!), 
Paris,  Fr..  composer,  March  26. 

Deering,  iMrs.  Wjlliam  (1834), 
Chicago.  111.,  widow  of  har- 
vest  machinei-y   mfr. ,    May   27. 

D'Barcourt,  Count  Eugene,  Paris, 
France,    composer,   March   8. 

De  Lamar.  Jos.  R.  (1848), 
N.   Y.,   copper  man,  Dec.   1. 

Delemarre.  Dr.  Louis  (1854). 
Portland.  Me..  Secy.  Cjeneral 
Alliance  Francaise  of  America, 
Nov.   23. 

Del'ano.  Charles  H.  (1849), 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  trade  jour- 
nalist.  Alarch  8. 

Demarest,  Dr.  John  H.  (1838), 
White  Plains.  N.  Y..  physi- 
cian on  Blackwell's  Island  for 
30  years,    Sept.    14. 

De  Mott.  Clifford  M.  (1857). 
New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  grand- 
son of  one  of  Major  Andre's 
captors.   Aug.   28. 

Deiljy.  Mrs.  Mary  Byrd,  JNew- 
port,  R.  I,,  philan'thiopist, 
June  22. 

De  Vinne,  Mrs.  Mary  Denton 
(1834).  Brooklyn.  N.  Y., 
widow  of  Am'brose  De  Vinne, 
N.  Y.  World  compositor. 
May  30. 

Diedrichs.  Admiral  von,  Baden- 
Baden.  German  naval  officer, 
uMarch    10. 

Diego,  Jose  de  (1870),  Speaker 
of  Porto  Rico  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives,   July   16. 

Dimock  Anthony  W.  (1842), 
•Happy  Valley,  N.  Y.,  former 
Wall  Street  operator.  "Ruler 
of    Gold    ^Market,"    Sept.     12. 

Dixion.  Dr.  Samuel  G.  (1852), 
Philadelphia.  I'a.,  bacteriolo- 
gist. Health  Commissioner, 
Feib,  26, 

D'Oench.  Albert  F.  (iiSb'i),  N. 
Y.     City,     architect,     July    20. 

Doenhoff,  Mme.  Helen  von,  N. 
Y.   City,  opera  singer,  Aug.  30, 

Donohue.  Rev.  James  (1851), 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  R.  0.  rector 
St.   Thomas  Aquinas.   Sept.   5, 

Donovan.  Mike  (1849),  N.  Y. 
City,  boxing  instructor.  Civil 
War"  veteran,    March  24. 

Dottbleday.  Mrs.  Neltje  De  Graff 
(1865).  N.  Y,  City,  author, 
Feb.  23. 

Dowling.  MVs}  Anna  McCooey 
(1881).  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.. 
wife  of  State  Senator  and  sis- 
ter  of   Dem.    leader,   July  24« 

Dougherty,  Hughey  (1843).  Phil- 
tidelphia.  Pa.,  reteran  miu- 
strel,    .iug,    20. 


Death  Roll  of  1918— Continued. 


799 


l>iiugli«rly,  J.  Hampden  (1849), 
N.  y.  City,  lawj'er,  publicist, 
Sept.   6. 

Dougherty.  Bev.  Dr.  Joseph 
(1S91),  Brooklyn.  N.  Y., 
theologian.    Oct.    15. 

Doyen.  iMajor  Gen.  Charles  Au- 
gTistin  (1859),  Quantico,  Va., 
Commander  of  fii-st  con- 
tinglefflt  of  marines  sent  to 
Prance,   Oct.    6. 

Drake,  John  N.  (1845),  Palmyra, 
N.  Y..  magazine  publislier, 
Peib.   22. 

Drew,  Sidney  Bankin  (1891). 
».  Y.  City,  aviator,  nephew 
of  John  Drew,  killed  in  action 
June   7. 

Driver.   Dr.    Stephen  W.    (1833) 
Cambridge.     Mass..     Secy,     of 
Bai-v'd.  Class  of  1860.   .May  21. 

Du  Bose,  Dr.  William  I-*orcher 
(1836).  Sewanee.  Tenn.,  edu- 
cator.   A.\ig.   19. 

Du  Faur.  Adolph  von  Feber 
(1826),  Newark,  N.  J.,  en- 
gineer. Martin  Luther  de- 
scendant.  Aug.   18. 

Duflferin  and  Alva.  Marquis  of 
(1867),   London,   Eng.,   Feb.  7. 

Dnnee.  Gen.  Jacob  B.  (183S), 
Los  Angeles.  Cal..  son  of  or- 
ganizer of  "Duryee  Zouaves," 
Civil  War  veteran.   May  28. 

Earle.  George  W,  (1835),  Hemp- 
stead. L,  I.,  organ  builder, 
May  20. 

Earle  i.Mrs.  Lillie  Jones  (1843), 
N  Y.  City,  Begent  of  Daugh- 
ters of  Bevolution.    Oct.   23. 

East.  Major  WMtten  J.  (1885), 
Senatobia.  Miss..  Commander 
Mitchel  Aviation  Field,   Oct. 2. 

Bd'dy.  Jerome  H.  (1835).  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y..  theatrical  press 
agent.    Juae   7. 

Edgar.  Newbold  (1852).  pioneer 
resident  of  Southamirton,  L. 
J..    Aug.    27. 

EAwards,  Ernest  ff.  (1883),  iN. 
Y.  City,  wireless  telegrapher, 
Aug.   4. 

Eiis-L-ein  Henry  L.  (1849),  N. 
Y.  City,  former  owner  N.  Y. 
Press.    Feb,    28. 

Emfcler.  Gea.  Andrew  B.  (1834), 
New  Haven.  Conn.,  Civil  War 
veteran,    July   28. 

Emer.^on.  Mrs.  Sarah  Hopper 
(183'5),  N.  y.  City,  prison  re- 
former.  Aug.    9. 

Enirrson.  Lieut.  W^illiam  jr, 
(1883),  artillerist,  Croix  de 
Uuerre.  killed  in  action, 
May  14.  „     ^ 

Emerson.  William  Key  Bond 
jr.  (1893),  aviator,  lUUed  in 
action  i  M'ay  14. 

Emmet,  Thomas  Addis  jr. 
(1864).  Greenwich,  Conn,  de- 
scendant of  Irish  patriot, 
July  27. 

Emmet.  W.  Temple  (1869), 
meimber-  of  Public  Service 
Commission^  2d  Dist..  Feb.  4. 

Erie,  Prince.  Duke  of  Vestman- 
land  (a889),  Stookholm,  Sive- 
den.  youngest  son  of  King 
Gustav.  Sept.  20. 

Evans.    Sir  Samuel    (1859).    Lon- 
don. England.  President  Brilish 
Prize   Court,    Sept.    13. 
Evins.    Samuel    H.    (1871).    St. 
Geoi-ge.      S.     I.,      Magistrate, 

.    Nov.    15. 

Extance.      William     L.      (1856), 
.    cashier  Brooklyn  iP,  O..   June 
B7. 


PahneStock,  Major  Clarence 
(18713).  N.  Y.  City,  phy- 
sician, b-ig  game  sportsman, 
Oct.  5. 

Fairbanks.  Charles  W.  (185ii), 
Indianapolis.  Ind..  former  Vice 
President  V,.  S.  and  U.  S. 
Senator.   June  4. 

Falkinburg.  Grace  (1896).  Flush- 
ing. L.  I.,  Bed  Cross  uui-se, 
Oct.  6. 

Farley.  John  Cardinal  (1842), 
N.  y.  City.  R.  C.  prelate, 
Sept.    17. 

Fearing.  David  B.  (1859).  for- 
mer Maytir  of  Newport,  K.  I., 
May   2i6. 

Feigl.     Lieut.     Jefferson     (1896) 
N.    Y.    City,    son    of   editor    of 
Tammany  Times,   killed  in   ac- 
tion.   March  31. 

Fernald.  Bev.  Dr.  James  C. 
(1836),  Montclair,  N.  J.,  dic- 
tionary editor,    Nov.   10. 

Field.  Cortlandt  de  Pevster 
(1840).  N.  Y.  City,  financier, 
'philan'thro.pist,  Aiug.  9. 

Fields.  Daniel  (1823),  N.  Y. 
City,  merchant,  Aug.  2. 

Finkelstein.  Lazarus  (1811),  Chi- 
cago, III.,  centenarian.  Ajir.  26. 

Fisher.  John  H..  N.  Y.  City, 
coffee  merchant,  Anneke  Jans 
descendant. 

Fisher.  Kate  (1835),  Brooklyn, 
N.   Y.,   actress.  July  14. 

Fiske.  Capt;.  N«weU  Bodney 
(1804),  Cranford,  N.  J., 
killed    in    action,   July    15. 

Fitzqjatrick.  Mrs.  Susan  G. 
(18i2il).  N.  Y.  City,  old  Hugue- 
not family.  June  12. 

Fleming.  John  (1842),  Jamaica, 
L.  I.,  former  District  Attor- 
ney.   April    19. 

Foley,  Bight  Bev.  John  S. 
(1S33),  Deta-oi't,  Mich..  R.  C. 
Bishop.    Jan.    5. 

Follm^r.  Charles  J.  (1850).  N. 
1'.  City,  umbrella  maker, 
Feb.   28. 

Foi>d.  Pranklyn  (1849).  N.  Y. 
City      editor.     June    "30. 

Ford.  John  D.  (1840),  Balti- 
more, iMd.,  Rear  Admiral, 
April  8. 

Forget.  Augufitin  F.  (1848). 
Paris,  Frsince.  former  general 
agent  French  Line  in.  IN.  Y. 
City.    Aug.    26. 

Foster,  Prof.  George  H.  (1855), 
Franklin,  Conn,,  fanner  and 
music     teacher.     Aug.     2l2. 

Fowler,  Miis.  Elizaibeth  (1842), 
N    Y.   City,  nurse.  May  17. 

France  Sidney  C.  (1880).  N.  Y. 
City,   vaudeville  actor.    May   7. 

Frankel.  JuUus  (1838).  N.  Y. 
City,    lace   importer,    Nov.    11. 

Prankenthurn.  Baron  (jautsch 
von  (1852).  Austrian  Premier 
three  times,  April  22. 

Prick.  Rev.  Dr.  W.  K.,  Mil- 
•waukee.  "the  Bishop  of  Wis- 
consin,"  Aug.   20. 

Fi7,  Sir  Edward  (18i28).  London 
Eng..    former    Lord   Justice    of 
.'Ujpeal.  first  Quaker  to   reach 
English  bench,   Oct.  19. 

Piye,  Lieut.  Abram  B.  (1896), 
N.  Y.  City,  college  athlete, 
killed  in  air  duel,  July  9. 
Pulton,  Charles  W.  (1854), 
Portland.  Ore.,  fonaer  U.  8. 
Senator,  Jan.  27. 
Gail'hard.  Pierre  (1848),  Paris, 
Prance,  otpera  director.  Oct.  12. 


Gallinger.  Jacob  H.  (1837), 
Franklin.  N.  H..  U.  S.  Sen- 
ator,  Aug.   17. 

Gamez.  Jose  D..  Managua,  Nica- 
ragua,  historian,  June  10. 

Gardner,  M'ajOr  Augustus  P. 
(.1865),  Hamilton.  Mass.,  Con- 
gressman, resigned  to  enter  the 
ai-my.  Jan.  14.    . 

Gai-field.  Lucretia  Rudolph 
(1832).  Ohio,  vvidoly  of  Presi- 
dent (jarfield.   March  13. 

Gates.  ;Mrs.  John  W..  N.  Y. 
City,  widO'W  of  financier,  Nov. 
28. 

Gay.  Jliss  Dorothy  (1889).  N. 
■Y.  iCiity.  'Y.  M.  C.  A.  Secre- 
taiy  at  Bordeaux,  daughter  of 
William  Gay.  of  N.  Y.  World 
staff..  A\oT.    8. 

Gibson.  Ha ri-y  B..  .^valon.  Pa., 
Y.  H.  C.  A.  worker,  killed  in 
last  day's  fighting  near  Sedan, 
Nor.   11. 

Gitoert,  Thomas  (1872).  N.  Y. 
City,  traffic  ipoliceman,  killed 
on   duty,    Nov.    18. 

GiKbert,  James  (1S52).  Somer- 
ville     Mass.,    aotor.    March   10. 

Gill.  Emelya  N.  (1S61).  Larch- 
mont.  N.  Y..  writer  on  ang- 
ling.  June  21. 

Gill  Capt.  Robert  S..  N.  Y., 
City,  actor.  Lambs  Club,  died 
of   wounds.    Sept.   23. 

Gill.  Rear  Admiral  William  A. 
(1S59),  BridgeiDort.  Conn.,  Oct. 
17. 

Gillespie,  Edw.  Chas.  (1874), 
Chicago.  111.,  actor.   July  23. — 

Gilmore.  Dr.  Joseph  H.  (1834), 
Rochester,  N.  Y..  author,  July 
23. 

Gladden.  Rev.  Dr.  Washington 
(1835).  Columbus.  Ohio.  Con- 
gregational   clei-gj-man.   July  2. 

Glazelbrook.  (Major  Philip  K. 
(1880),  South  Manchester. 
England.  M.  P..  killed  in 
action  in  Palestine.  'March  13. 

Goddard,     (M'rs.  •  Elizabeth     Cass 
(1641).        Colorado       Springs, 
granddaughter    of   Le.wis    Casi> 
'May  29. 

Gorham,  Henry  {1844),  Brookl 
N.  Y.,  editor  of  Fourth  Estai 
June  10. 

Gowdy,  John  K.  (1844),  Indiana. 
.  former     Consul      General     at 
Paris.    June    25. 

G^-aiff;,  Frank  B..  "Harir  Gil- 
foil"  (IS'66).  Bay  Shore.  L.  I., 
actor.   Aug.  10. 

Grafton,  Duke  of  (1821).  Lon- 
don,- Dec.    6. 

Graham,  Laurance  Hill  (1867). 
N.  y.  City,  journalist  and  art 
patron.   Oct.  S, 

Graiiddrierre.  Jfme.  Jenny  (.1834), 
Motmt  Vernon,  N.  Y„  -widow 
ofison  of  Peter  Grandpierre, 
Natix)leon  I.,  Legicm  of  Honor, 
Nov.   17. 

Greeley,  Mrs.  Mary  (1S39),  Vtont- 
pelier,  Vt..  sister  of  Admiral 
Deiwey.  July  2. 

Greene.  Lieut.  Quinqy  Shaw 
(1891).  T/ondfln.  England.  Har- 
vard graduate,  member  of  Cold- 
stream Ouards.  killed  in  action, 
April  9. 

Gregory,  Mrs.  .M.  C.  (1838), 
Waslungton.  D.  C.  mother  of 
Attorney    General.    Feib.    9. 

Greenhut.      Capt.      Joseph      B 
(1843).    N.    Y.    City,   head    of 
Greenhut  -  Sieigel  -  Cooper  Co., 
Nov.  17.    . 


800 


Death  Roll  of  19 18 —Continued. 


Grimn.  Dr.  Charles  "L.  (1850), 
J^.  ¥.  City,  youngest  Te'teran 
of  Civil  War.    Dec.   1. 

Groe.slbeck.  lAent.  Hetftiert  jr.,  N. 

Y.     iCity,     uewspapea"     artist, 

lulled  in  action.  Not.  1. 
Guanabara.  Alciudo,  Bio  Janeiro, 

'Senator  and  editor.  Aug.   21. 
Giiimeit.      Emile     (1836),      Paris. 

France,     founder    of     Giiimet, 

Oct.  il6. 
Gnliclc.    Dr.    Liithcv    H.     (18-65), 

N    Y.  ClLty.  organizer  of  Oamp 

Vire  Girls.   Aug.   13. 
Baas  •Mrs.   Sophia   (l}i22).   Belle 

Plaine.     Minn.,     left    137    de- 

soendants.   Jan.   10. 
Hale.   George  W.   (1835),    Evans- 

rille.  Wis,,   circus  owner,   JMay 

20. 
Hall     Dr.    'William    H.     (1833). 

N.    Y.      City.    ex-Ooufederate, 

July  8. 
HallenlbecK.  H.  C.  (1852).  Shrews- 

Ibury,  N.  J.,  trainer  of  thorough- 
breds.  AdH'il  11. 

Halsey.  Frederic  .K.  (1846),  N. 
Y.  City,  bibliopliile.  Sept.  29. 

Hamilton,  Prauklin  E..  (1867), 
PittB'bui\gh,  iPa.,  M.  E.  Bi-shop 
and^autbfM'.   May  5. 

Oamilton.  iHeury.  Ix)ndon.  Eng- 
land, lactor  and  play  might, 
Sept.  4. 

Hands.  Chai-les  A.  (1832),  Flat- 
Ibu*.  N.  Y.,  former  Brooklyn 
Eaele  editor,  an  intimate  of 
'Walt  Whitman.   Nov.   6. 

Hannerty.  James  J.  (1854),  N. 
Y.  'Cdty.  ipoet.  July  7. 

Harkrader.  'Ellison  T,.  N.  Y. 
■City,  (former  cdi^tor  Chicago 
•Daily  News.  Sept.  23. 

(Harrington.  Rev.  Dr.  Frederick 
G.  (18197),  Montreal,  Canada, 
missionary    Fdb.    28. 

Harrison.  iMiss  Neva  (1868),  N. 
y.  lOity,    actress,   Aug.   27. 

tart,  iChas.  Henry  (1847),  N.  Y. 
'City,  -writer,  July  29. 
rt,  William  J..  N.  Y.  City, 
jong  Tivriter,  Aug.  S. 
.arvard.  Lieut.  Lionel  de  Jer-'^ey. 
.London,  England,  descendant 
of  John  Harvard,  killed  in 
action.    March.   80. 

Haselharth.  Adam  C.  (1861), 
iLeooiia.  N.  J.,  newspaper  pub- 
lisher  an^i   owner,   Jan.    19. 

Hatch.      IMrs.      Henry      (1843)  ( 

BTOokMne.      Arass..      sister     of 

■Cardinal  O'Connell.  Oct.   7. 
.Haviland.    iC.     Augustus    (1'833), 

Brooklyn,   N.   Y.,   lawj-er.   poet 
and  philanthropist,  Sept.  20. 
'Bealey,    Rer.    John.    Arclibishop 

of   Tuam.    Ireland,    .March   IQ. 
Hede.rvai-y,     Count     Khuen     von 

(1833).        former       Hungarian 

(Premier.   Fel).    17. 
Held.  Anna   (1873),   -N.   Y.   Cxty, 

actress,  Aug.  .12. 
Helmuth.   Mrs.   Fanny  I.    (1837), 

foritter    Pres.  Vitate   Federation 

of       Women's       Clubs,        and 

Queen  oif  Sorosis.  Nov,  30. 
H«ndrlck,       Dr.       Charles       0. 

(1863).  N.  Y.  Oity.  lawyer  and 

physician.  June  26. 
Hei*urn.    Dr.    Neal    J.     (1847), 

member   of    the      Old    Guard. 

May  28. 
Hexamer,      A.      Philip      (1858), 

HolDOken.     N,    J.,     horseman, 

Nov.  9. 


Higgs.  Thomas  W.  (1856), 
founder  of  City  Cam,p.  L.  I., 
July  9. 

Hillegas.  iHo^vard  C.  (1872). 
New  Brighton.  S.  I.,  author 
and  editor.   Jan.   29. 

Hitchcock.  Ripley  (1858).  N.  Y. 
City,  author  and  editor.  May 
^4. 

Boibbs.  Warren  T.  (1896), 
Worcester.  ilass..  athlete, 
killed  in  aerial  action,  June  26. 

Hobbs,  Rear  Admiral  Ichobod 
(1844).   Dec.    2. 

Hodler.  Ferdinand  (1853),  Swiss 
painter.    May  20. 

Hogiarth.  Sengt.  William  G.. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  amateur 
basdball  pitcher,  Idlled  in 
action,  Sept.  27, 

Holder,  David  D.  (1855),  Jersey 
Cdty,  N.  J.,  N,  Y.  World 
compositor.    iMay   24. 

Hopkins.  Elisha  R.  (1838), 
Brooklyn  N.  Y'.,  descendant 
of  signer  of  Declaration  of  In- 
deniendence.    May   20. 

Hopkins.  John  F.  (1858).  CM- 
cago.  111.,  former  Mayor,  Oct. 
13. 

Howell,  Rear  Admiral  ,Tohn  A. 
(1840),  The  Plains,  Va., 
Jan.    10. 

Hoyer,  Henry  H.  (1840),  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  sea  captain  of 
sailing  vessel's.   Sept.   23. 

Hughes,  WilUam  (1872),  Tren- 
ton.  N.  J..  U.  S.  Senator, 
Jan.  30. 

Huidekoper,  Gen.  Hemy  S. 
(1839).  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
Civil  War  veteran.  Nov.  9. 

Hunsiker.  Col,  Millard.  Harrow- 
gate.  En'gland,  one  of  33  origi- 
nal partners  of  Andrew 
Carnegie,  mem'ber  of  U.  S. 
Belgian  Commission,   Oct.  10. 

Hunt,  Prof.  JohnL.  N.  (1«39), 
N    Y.  City,  educator,   .luly  21. 

Humter.  Thomas  M'.  (1838), 
Worcester.  Mass,,  actor,  .March 
4. 

Hfmtiugton.  Mrs.  Eleanor  H. 
(1878),  N.  Y,  City,  former 
actress,  July  2. 

Hurley.      Edmund      G.      (1848) 
Passaic,   N.  J.,  organist,   .\pril 
11. 

Huttou.  Frederick  11.  (1854).  N. 
Y.  Cdty,  writer  on  engineering. 
May  14. 

Hyde.  LMrs.  E.  Francis  (1843). 
N.  Y.  City.  cQuestrian  and 
society    leader.    Jiily    30. 

Inglis.  Edwaixi  R.  (185«),  Jersey 
City,  N.  J.,  purser  and 
steward  for  40  years  on  Ward 
and   Mallory   Lines,   Sept,   17, 

Ireland.  John  (1888).  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  R.  C.  Arclibishop, 
Sept.   25. 

Irvin,  Mrs.  Richard.  N.  Y.  City, 
charity  worker.   June  5. 

Irvinig.  Dr.  John  .Duir  (1874), 
N&w  Haven,  Conn,,  geologist, 
July  27. 

Isaacs,  Mrs.  Marian  Esther  Ful- 
ler (1836).  N.  Y.  City,  de- 
scendant of  John  Alden,  Sept. 
7, 

Isaacson.  Mark  N.  (1855), 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  violinist, 
June   19. 

Jackson,  Dr.  .Alfred  W.  L, 
(1862).  N.  Y.  City,  gynecolo- 
gist.  May   12. 


Jackson.  John  (1837).  iMatteiwan, 
"dean"  of  prisoners,  51  years, 
in   confinement,   April  12. 

James,  Ollie  M.  (1'871).  Ararion, 
Ky..   U.  S.   Senator,   Aug.  28. 

Janeway.  Or.  Theodore  C.  (1873), 
Baltimore,  Md.,  diagnostician. 
Dec.    27.    1917. 

Jencks,  Francis  .M.  (1848),  BaU 
timore,  Md..  triistee  Johns 
Hopkins   U.,    Sept.    13. 

Jerrold,  Lawrence  (1873).  (lean 
of  English  correspondents  at 
Paris.    Nov.   5. 

Johnson.  Bradish  (1851),  N,  Y. 
City,   financier,  July  31. 

Johnson.  Alexander  P.  (1850), 
N.  Y.  City,  former  'Swedi.=ih 
Consul.   June  11.  . 

Johnson,  Thomas  (1843),  N.  Y. 
City,  tlieatrical  "faototum," 
June  21. 

Jones.  Frank  C.  (1857).  N.  Y. 
City,   financier.    Sept.    19. 

Jones.  Rev.  Dr.  William  S. 
(1852).  N.  Y.  City,  curate  of 
St.    Thomas's.    Aug.    19. 

Jordan,  L.  C.  Levin,  N.  Y. 
city.  Secretary  Tof  Cooper  Union 
June   22. 

Jordan.  Lietit.  Louis  J.,  Fred- 
erickslmiig.  Tex.,  killed  in 
action.    March  5. 

Kaempf.  Dr.  Johannes  (184^). 
Berlin.  Speaker  of  German 
Reichstag,    May   '24. 

Kahn,  Leopold  ("Admiral 
Dot"),  (1859),  White  Plains, 
N.    Y..    Oct.    26. 

Kaplan.  Dr.  Paul  'S.  (1S4S). 
N.  y.  City,  east  side  phil- 
anthropist, Russian  revoln- 
tdonist.    Jan.     5. 

Keane.  John  J.  (1839),  Du- 
buque, la,,  R.  C.  Archbishoi), 
June    22. 

Kearney,  'Edward  W.  (185«), 
Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  horseman, 
June  37. 

Keiarns.  Thomas  (1862),  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah,  former 
U.    S.    Senator,    Oct.   18. 

Keitli,  A.  Paul  (1875),  N.  Y. 
City,   theatrical  man,    Oct.   30. 

Kellogg,  Miss  Fay  (1871), 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  architect, 
farmer  and  suffragist.  July  10. 

Kellogg,  Luther  L.  (1849), 
lawyer,     N.     Y.,    Dec.     6. 

Kelly,  J^ohn  J.  (1880),  N.  Y. 
City,  son  of  John  Kelly, 
Tammany  Hall  leader,  April  27. 

Kempster.  Dr.  Walter  (1841), 
Milwaukee,  Wis.,  insanity  spe- 
cialist,   Aug.    22. 

Kennedy.  Thomas  B.  (1844).  N. 
y.  City  employee  34  yearn, 
Feb.  21. 

Kenny,  Mrs.  Ann  (183«),  N.  Y. 
City,  philanthropist,  old  resi- 
dent of  GreenAvioli  Village, 
Sept.    13. 

Kent.  William  (1850).  Mont- 
clair,  N,  J.,  iron  and  steel 
exiperfc.    Sept.    18. 

Keteltas.  Alice  (1843).  oldest 
summer  resident  of  Newport, 
R.    I.,    Aug.    7. 

Key.  Miss  Elisalbeth  Lloyd; 
,M^unt  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  great- 
granddaughter  of  the  author 
of  "The  Star  Spangled  Ban- 
ner."  Oct.    14. 

King,  Gen.  Horatio  C.  (183«), 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  lawyer,  au- 
,     thor.    LL.D.,   Nov.   15. 


Death  Roll  of  19 IS —Continued. 


801 


King.  Anio  "W.  '(1S55).  ElU- 
worth,  AIo.,  Judge  Supreme 
Court,   Jiily   21. 

Kins.  Mrs.  Rebecca  il.  (1824). 
N.  Y.  City,  dausli'ter  of  1812 
veteiuu.    Sei>t.     1. 

Kini'.  Col.  William  H.  (I«a9), 
N.  Y.  City.  Cliief  Clerk.  Po- 
lice  Department,   Aug.    20. 

Kisilowslsi,  Autoni  (1S1>2),  N. 
Y.  City,  born  in  Austria, 
killed  in  U.  S.  service  in  ac- 
tion   June    8. 

Knyfett.  Cau>t.  R.  Hugli  (1888), 
.Australian  waa'  lecturer  and 
writer.    April    15. 

Kiwlt,  A.  Leo;  dean  of  the 
Baltimore    bar^    April    18. 

Kobbe.  Gustave  (1857).  N.  Y. 
City;  music  and  art  critic. 
July   i37. 

Kohlsaat.      Christian    C.     (1844) 
Judg-e   U.    S.    Circuit    Appeals, 
(May   11.  'i-       . 

Krotel,  Paul  (1830),  N.  Y. 
Oity.  Police  Magistrate,  March 
16. 

Kuck.  Diedrich  (184*!),  N.  Y. 
City,  theatiical  manager, 
July   23. 

Lachenal,  Adrien;  former  Presi- 
dent   of   S.vitzerland,    June   3. 

Lafayette.  Comite  Gilbert  de 
(lsy3),  llaris,  grandson  of 
Gen.  Lafayette,  kille<l  in  ac- 
tion.   June   12. 

L'Aaioreaux.  Jesse  B.  (1837), 
Ballston  Sjia.  N.  Y..  Judge, 
June    3. 

I/andi.  Fidao-do  (,1867).  N.  Y. 
Oi.ty,  sculptor,   Jan.   1. 

Lautz.  David  E.  (liJ55).  Wasli- 
inston.    D.C.   biologist.  001.7. 

Larremore.  WilJbiu-  (1850).   N.  Y. 
City,   editor  IN.   Y.   La.w  Jour- 
nal,  Aug.  ll. 

Lawrence,  li^-auk  K.  (1843).  N. 
Y.  Cify.  President  Lotos 
Cliilb.    Oct.    26. 

Lawson.  James  (1834).  Bangor, 
Me.,  veteran  of  Crimean  War, 
March  28. 

Lecocq.  Charles  (1832),  Paris, 
Prance,  music  compo.ser.  Oct. 
25. 

Lee.  .Mary  Custis;  Richmond 
\a.^  daughter  of  Gen.  Kftbert 
E.   Lee.   Nov.    22. 

Lee,  JTom  (184i3),  JS!.  Y,  City, 
"Atayor  of  Chinatown.  '  Jan. 
10. 

Leggett.  Howard  B.  (1894), 
,Mon-istown.  N.  J.,  editor, 
Oct.   16. 

Lehman.  Michael  (1820),,  N.  Y. 
■City,  almost  centenarian,  cab- 
inet  maker.    Aug.    23. 

Leisk.  Mrs.  Francis  S.  (1832), 
•Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  member  oi 
■Plymouth    Church.     July    5. 

L'Estrange,  Julian  (1878).  N. 
Y.  City,  actor.  Oct.  22. 

Leuii'P.  Firancis  E.  (l«4y). 
Washington.  D.  C.  former 
Indian  Commissioner.  iNov.  19. 

Levkowski.  Rev.  Leopold  (1855), 
N.  Y.  City.  Jewish  rabW, 
July  3. 

Lewie.  AOfted  W.  (1S43).  Brook- 
lyn. N.  y..  editor  Associated 
Press.    Sept.   18. 

Lewisolin.  Jesse  01872).  N.  Y.. 
City,  coipiper  miaguate.  Not.  30v 

Lietoman,  'Lieut.  Col.  l.Nforris 
N. :  N.  Y.  City.  Acting  Com- 
mander 105th  Inifantry.  killed 
in  action,   Aug.  8. 

Li'tain-  Mme.  Kenny  (1855),  N. 
y.  0..  Jeiwisb  actress,  'Sept. 28. 


Long,  Mrs.  Olaira  iGoodman.; 
Plaiafield.  N.  J..  Mayflower 
descendant.    Aug.    25. 

Loola.  Rev.  William  (1838). 
Fort  Yukon..  Alaska,  Indian 
clergj'mau.   June   16. 

Lopere.  Frederic  (1895).  Brook- 
lyn.   N.Y'..    musician.   June  24. 

Luflbery.  .iPaJor  Kaoul  (1884), 
Walliiigtord  Conn.,  premier 
American      ace".    May   19. 

Luffikin.  (Chaunciey  S.  (1.8S4), 
Lima,   O..  oil  expert,  FeTo.  a2. 

Lyle,  John  Carl  (1»58),  New 
Bochelle.   N.Y..  actor.   Julv  24. 

Lynch.  Rev.  John  T.  (1871), 
Biooklyn,    N.   Y..    June   23. 

Mackau.  Barou  de  (1S32), 
Paris.  France,  member  Cham- 
ber of  Deimties.   Mav  6. 

Madden.  Billy  (1853),  Brook- 
lyn.   N.!'..    sportsman,    Feb. 21. 

Madi'gan.  John  B..  HouHon, 
iMe.,  Judge  Supreme  Court, 
Jjtu.    19. 

.Mansfield.  Henry  B.  (1846), 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  Rear  Ad- 
miral.   July  yi . 

.Marcere.  Emile  de  ((1828).  Paris, 
France.  (Life  Senator  Aipril  27. 

Maa-ch.  James  E.  (18^0).  N  .Y. 
•City.     Rep.     leader.     Aug.     30. 

jrai-der.  John  (1835).  Palisades, 
N.    J.,    tyipefounder.    Nov.    22. 

Martin.  Don  (1871).  N.  Y.  City, 
war     correapondent,     Oct.     6. 

.Martin.  James  J.  (1846).  N.  Y. 
Ci'ly.  Tammany  Hall  leader, 
■Civil  War  veteran.   May  17. 

Martin.  James  S.:  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  educator  and  musical  con- 
diiptar,    July   3. 

iMartin.  Jean  Bai)tiste  (1857), 
N  Y.  'City,  restaurant  man, 
June    20. 

Martin.  Miss  Winona;  first  Y. 
iJl.  C.  A.  secretary  killed  by 
act  of  war.  in  Paris  air  raid. 
May    12. 

Martinelli.  Cardinal  Sebastian 
(_1848),  Rome.  Italy,  former 
Paipal  del(Jlgate  to  U.  iS., 
July  5. 

^[asie3.  William  (1771).  N.  Y. 
City,  negro  preacher,  claimed 
to  ibe  147  years  old    Aug.    14. 

.Maufra.  Maxime;  Le  iPans, 
France,    painter.    May    28. 

Maury.  William  A.  (1832), 
■Washington.  D.  C.  U.  S. 
Attorney  General.  ex-Confed- 
erate.   June    1p6. 

iMayer,  Marcus:  'N.  Y.  City,  the- 
atrical manager.   May  8. 

iMdBeau.     Duncan     D>     (1843), 

I     N    Y    City,  tunnel  constructor. 

!     F^eb.    "in. 

MoCaithy.    William  J.    (■"Bull"), 

I     (1862)     Brooklyn,    N.    Y..    Po- 

■     lice    Lieutenant.     Fsb.    28. 

McClees.  Douglas  (1878),  Brook- 
lyn,  N.Y..  lUustratoo-,  July  20. 

iMidClintock.  Lieut.  Alexander; 
N.  Y.  City,  soldier-author, 
June    28. 

.MdCrae.  Lieut.  Col.  John;  Mon- 
treal. Can.,  poet  and  physi- 
cian.  Jan.   28.  ; 

.MaCrea.  Brig.Gen.  TuUy  (1839). 
West  Point.  N.  Y..  Civil  and 
Spanish  War  veteran.   Sept.  5. 

iM'cCreary.  James  B.  (1838),' 
Richmond.  Ky..  twice  Gov- 
ernor   of    Kentucky.     Oct.    8. 

MoDonald.  Neil  (1843).  N.  Y. 
■City,    autlior.    May   10. 

MdDonald.  William  C.  (1859),' 
ifii-9t  Govea-nor  of  N^ew  Mes-; 
ico,    April    11, 


MoDonald.  William  J.:  Wichita 
■Falls.  Tex,.  "Oapt.  Bill"  of 
the   Texas    Rangers.    Jan.    15. 

MoGee.  Matthew  J.  (1820). 
Rutlierford.  N.  J.,  railroad 
'builder.   Sept.   11. 

M'cGinnas.  ■Robert  (1849).  Sound 
'Beach.  Oonn..  philanthropist. 
Feto.    32. 

MoGorern.  Terry  (1879).  pugilist, 
Feb.    22. 

McGrath.  John  J.  (1834).  N. 
y.   City,    caterer.  Aug.   28. 

iVfaHe^iry.  Harry  C. ;  Des 
Moines.  la..  Captain,  killed 
in     action.     March     11. 

MaKenna.  James  A.  jr.;  iVraior 
165th  Inf..  7th  N.  G.  .N.  Y. 
veteran,  killed  ia  action. 
July   28. 

M-cKey,  Lieut.  E.  M  :  N.  Y. 
Cl'ty.  ijdoneer  camteen  com- 
mander of  Am.  Red  Cross, 
"Villed   in   action    June   18. 

McLean.  Mrs.  Grace  A.  T. 
(1885).  Brooklyn.  N.  T., 
cliurch  and  concert  singer. 
Nov.    16. 

MoLennan.  Lieut.  Col.  Bartlett 
(1868).  Montreal.  Can.,  com- 
manded' of  "Black  Watch." 
killed    in    action.    Aug.    3. 

LM'c]Sreil.  John  P.  (1867).  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y..  court  news  re- 
porter.   July    17. 

Meeker.  Jacob  E.  (1878).  St. 
Louis.  Mo.,  Congressman, 
Oct.    16. 

Men.  Dr.  Patrick  Hues  (1850), 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  weather  signal 
deviser.     Oct.     15. 

Merchant.Huntingtion  W.  (I860), 
N.  Y.  City,  prison  reformer. 
May  21. 

Merica.  Prof.  Chas.  O.  (1S6S), 
Fort  Wayne.  Ind..  newspa.per 
publisher.    July    24. 

cretin.  Albert  (1869).  French 
Minister  of  Blockade.  Aug. 15. 

Meyer.  Frank  N. ;  Washington, 
D     C    explorer     June   2. 

Jleyer.  Frederick  (1846).  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y..  Arctic  voyager. 
Sept.    30. 

Meyer.  Geoiige  von.  L.  (1859), 
Btoston.  Mass..  former  Secre- 
tary   of   Navy.    March   9. 

Michie.  Brig.  Gen.  Robert  TC. 
(1864).  Washington,  D.  C, 
June  6. 

Mildenberg.  Albert:  Raleigh, 
N  C. :  musician  and  composer, 
July   S. 

Miller.  Lieut.  Donald  (1898), 
\N.  Y.  City,  aviator,  killed  in 
action.    June   30. 

Miller.  Commodore  Jacob  W. 
(1847).  N.  Y.  City,  canal 
builder.    March    8. 

Miller.  Warner  (1940).  Herki- 
mer. N.  Y..  U.  S.  Senator. 
March   2. 

i\ritchell.  Charles  W.  (1861). 
Hove.    Eng..   pugilist,   April  3. 

Mitchell.  John  Ames  (1845). 
N.  Y.  City,  editor  of  Life. 
June   29. 

Mdtchel.  John  Purroy  (1879). 
former  Mayor  of  N.  Y,  City, 
July  6.  ,     , 

Jlitchell.  Maggie  (1838).  N.-  Y. 
City,    actress.     March    22. 

Mohammed  V.  (1845),  Sultan  of 
TuAey.   July  3. 

Monteith.  Rev.  Joha  (1833), 
South  Orange,  N.  J„-  author, 
naturalist.  May  6. 

Moraht,  Major.  German  military 
critic,   iMch.   2i2, 


802 


Death  Roll  of  1918— Continued. 


Morgan.    Geraldine    (Mrs.    B.    i. 

Roecl«r)     (1867),    N.    Y.    ■City. 

violinist.  'May  20.      ,„;,,      „ 
Moore.     Riifus    Ellis     (1S41),    N. 

Y.  City,   art  collec-tor.  Jlch    29. 
Morie,    Am'asa    (May    8.     1814), 

Conn.,  preacher,  104  years  old. 

iMch.    14.  ..  .       , 

Morton^     Mrs.     Anna    Livingston 

(184^).     N.    Y.    City,    vnle    of 

Levi  P.,   Alls.   14. 
Mott     Dr.    Valentine    (1851).    N. 

y.  City,    surgeon.  June   19. 
Mudge,      Rev.      James      (1844), 

.Maiden.       Mass.       missionary, 

IM'ay  7. 
Mueller.     Max.     (Jerman     aviator 

(;iS  victories).  June  14.  _ 
Mulliane.    James    F.     (18fao).    on 

editorial     stal'i     Brooklyn     (N. 

Y  )  Standard   Union.    Dec,   5. 
Munn.      iMrs.      Aristine      Pixley 

(1818),  Gates.  N.  Y..  cen- 
tenarian.   'May    29.  ,,„,„. 

Munyon,  hr.  James  M.  (1849), 
.Philadelphia.  Pa.,  patent  med- 
aoine  mfr..   Mch.   10. 

Murray,  .'William  K.  (1839), 
■Flu.shing.  L.  1..  numeryman. 
Nov.    14. 

Murtha.  James  A.,  sr.  (1839), 
Bitioklyn.  X.  Y..  Deputy 
Commissioner  of  Public  Works 
under  three  M'ayors.   Aug.   2. 

Muschenheim.  W'iUiam  0. 
(^ISiJij)  iN.  Y.  City,  hotel  man, 
Oct.  25. 

Myers     Theodore   W.    (1844).    N 

Y  City,  former  City  Comp- 
■troller.   IM'ch.    19. 

Newman.  William  .H.   (1840,   N. 

Y.    City,    former   'Pres.    K    Y. 

C.   R.  R,,   Aug.   10. 
Nichols.      William      U.      (1830), 

Orange.  'N.  J.,  veteran  bowler, 

Feib.  S. 
Nicoll.    James    Craig    (18o7).    N. 

Y.   City,   marine  painter,   July 

25. 
Nolan.     Joseph     {1S9«).     N.     Y. 

City,     policeman,     killed    wliile 

on   duty.   June  26. 
Noiton.     Prof.     RicJi.ird     ("Dare 

Devil  Dici")  (1872).  Har- 
vard,    organizer    and    liead    of 

Aaner     Vol.   Ambulance  Corps, 

Aug.   2. 
O'Brien.    Richard    Barry    (18o0). 

Irish  political  writer.   .Mch.  19. 
O'Conor.  Daniel  J.   (1845).  N.  Y. 

Oity.   philanthropist.    May  9. 
O'Donohue.     John  .   B.      (1858). 

Brooklyn,    N.    Y..    yachtsman, 

July  24. 
O'Dono/an.  Hev.  John  F.  (1864). 

Jesuit  missionary,    Aug.   5. 
Ogden,    Willis    L.     (1842).   Pres. 

Brooklyn    (N.    Y.),    Academy, 

July  2V. 
O'Kee^fe,      Mgr.      Cornelius      G. 

(1850),     Highland     Falls.     N. 

Y..   church   dignitai-.v^   May  23. 
O'Leary.    Sgt.    John    i..    N.    Y. 

City,      drillmaster      old      69th 

Regt..     died     of     -ivounds     in 

France,  Aug.  10. 
Olmsted.     Bt.     Rev.     Charles    S. 

(1858).   P.  E.  Bishop.  Oct.  21. 
Olyphant,     Bobert     M.      (1825). 

oldest       Columbia       graduate. 

former  Pres.   D.    &    H.   R.   K. 

Co..   May  3. 
O  R^ar,   John    D.    (1S70).    D.    S. 

.Minister  to  Bolivia,  July  14. 
Oat'on.  Albert  W.    (18+2).  Rome 

N.     Y..     telegrapher    in     Civil 

War.    Not.   9. 
Ogborne.   Miss   Susan   M.    (1856), 

N.  Y,   City,  founder  St.  Mary's 

iHome    for    Friendless    Women 

and  Girls.    Sept.  3. 


Osgood.  Prof.  Herbert  L.  (18.55). 
•N.    Y.    City,    historian,    Sept. 

Overly.  .Miss  Laura.  N.  Y.  City, 
pairater.   June  1. 

Owens  Frank  (1840).  Bronx. 
N  Y,,  newspaipcr  man.  Nov. 
30. 

Page.  .Nelson  M.  (1841),  Brook- 
lyn N.  Y..  U.  S.  Treasury 
gold   assayer.  !Nov,  8. 

Page,  Sir  Alfred  (1852).  Lon- 
don.   Eng..   Admiral.   June  18. 

Palmer,  Mrs.  (Potter)  Bertha 
Honore.  Chicago.  111.,  society 
leader   and   social   worker.   M'ay 

Pardet  William  3.  (1S59).  New 
Haven,  Conn..  yachtsman, 
June  19. 

Panv.  Sir  Charles.  H.  H. 
(184'S),  English  oratorio  com- 
poser.   Oct.    8. 

Paton  W  A.  (184S).  N.  Y. 
(3ity  former  publisher.  The 
World,  Dec.  11. 

Pavne  'rhomias  (1S17),  Waa-ren 
Co  "  N  J.  veteran  of  Crimean 
■War.   June  27. 

Pena.  Dr.  Carlos  Mana  de 
(1352).  Minister  from  Uru- 
guay    April  30. 

Percy  'Henry  George  (1846).  7th 
Duke  of  (Northumberland. 
Eng..   May  14. 

Perham.  Charles  B,  (1834). 
"Westwood.  N.  J.,  shipbuilder. 
June  17.      ,        ^     .       .,,  ,     , 

PerrauU,  Arthur  J.  jr..  Holyoke, 
Mass..    aviator.    Mch.    10. 

Peters  Rev.  Dr.  C.  Madison 
(1860)  N.  Y.  City,  "The 
People's   Preacher."    Oct.    12. 

?lielp.s.    Charles    E.     (1865).    N. 

■  Y.  City,  Bquit,  Life  Ass'u  Co. 
treasurer.    Sept.   15. 

Phillips,  WoUey  (1S53),  Victo- 
ria N.  B.'.  author,  big  game 
hunt-er.  July  8. 

Pitman,  Benjamin  F,  (1852), 
Marion,  Mass..  son  of  Ha- 
w.Tiian   Queen.   June  31. 

Plant      Commodoio     Morton    F. 
(1852)     N.    Y.  City,   financier 
railroad    and    S.    S.    man    and 
yachtsman.    Nov.   4. 

Playfair.  Arthur  (1869).  London. 
England,  actor. 

Plekhanoff.  George  Tsarskoye, 
Russia,  leader  of  Social  Dem- 
ocrats.   June   3. 

Plume.  Arched'  G.  (1831).  New- 
ark. N.  J.,  descendant  of 
minute  man  of  Revolution, 
June   2. 

Plume.  Joseph  W.  (1840).  New- 
ark. N.  J..  Spauish-Amer. 
War.  vet..  Major  General  in 
Nat'l    Guard.    Jan.    12. 

Plunkett,  Mrs.  Katherine  Crane 
(1843).  Pittsfield.  M'ass..  sis- 
ter of  Senator  Crane.   July  6. 

Podllon,  Wilham  (1844).  .\.  Y. 
City,  curator  of  Numismatic^ 
Society.    April   12. 

Polk.  Dr.  William  M.  (1845). 
N  Y.  City,  gynecologist,  June 
22. 

Pollock.  George  E.  (1856).  N. 
Y.  City.  V.  P.  N.  Y,  Herald 
Co..   Aiug.  2. 

Pope.  Col.  George  (1844).  Hart- 
foixJ.  Conn..  Pres.  Mfrs.' 
Ass'n,   .\pril  19. 

Potter.  William  P.  (1857), 
Pittsburgh.  Pa..  Judge  Su- 
preme  Court.    April   14. 

Pozzi.  Prof.  Samuel  J.  (1846), 
Pa.ris,  France,  surgeon,  assas- 
scna'ed   June  13. 


Frendergast.  .Rev.  Edmond  F, 
(1843),  Pliiladelphia.  Pa,.  R. 
0.   Archhishop.    Feb.  26. 

Prouty,  George  H.  (1862).  for- 
mer Governor  Vermont.  Aug. 
19. 

Purdy.  Henry  A.  (1'838).  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y..  iroa  mfr,.  vol. 
fireman.    .M'ay  8.  , 

Putnam.  Major  Israel.  N.  Y. 
City.  Revolutionai7  descent, 
killed   in   ■action.    Sent.    27. 

Radcliffe.  .Minnie  (1868),  N,  Y. 
City,   actress,    Oct.   1. 

Randolph.  Alfred  M,  (1837),  M. 
E,   Bishop,   .\pril  6. 

Ratlilbun.  Dr.  Richard  (1852), 
W^ashington.  D.  C.  Director 
Smithsonian  Institution.  July 
16. 

Rauscheubusc'.i.  Prof.  -Walter, 
authority  on  church  hi.slory. 
July  23. 

Redmond.  John  E.  (1851).  Wex- 
ford. Ireland.  Irish  leader, 
Mch.   6. 

Reid.  Sir  George.   London.    Eng. 
M.     P..    former      Premier      of 
.\ew  South  Wales  and  of  Aus- 
tralia.   Sept.    12. 

Remington.  Dr.  Joseiph  P. 
(1848).  Dean  of  Phila.  (Pa.) 
College   of    Pharmacy.    Jan.    I. 

Resnati.  Capt.  .•intonio  Silvio, 
Italian  aviator    May  17. 

Reynolds.  Hug'h  (1838).  New 
Haven.  Conn.,  owner  of  Yale 
Rendezvous,  May  27. 

Reynolds.  R.  J.  (1849).  Win- 
ston-Salem. 'N.  C.  'to'iiicco 
merchant.    July   29. 

Rliondda.  Lord  (Daivid  Alfred 
Thoma=)  (1856).  Lnndon, 
Eng..  British  Food  Controller, 
July  3. 

Richards.  .John  M.  (1841).  Isle 
of  Wight,  author,  former  I'res. 
.\mer,    Soc.    of   London     I'ng.. 

Richardson.  Dr.  Prank  C.  (1.^.59), 
Du.xbury.  Miiss.,  neuroloinst. 
June    20. 

Richardson.  Baron  Friedricli  von 
(1892).  Breslau.  Germany,  avi- 
ator.   May. 

Rideing.  W^illiam  H.  (18.53). 
Brookline.  Mass.,  author  and 
editor.    Aug.    22. 

Rieunier.  Admiral.  Adrian  (1838). 
Paris.  France,  former  Minister 
of  iJIarine.  July  11. 

Ritz.  Caesar  (1848).  Lucerne, 
S-.vitzerland.  hotel  man. 
Not.  5. 

Roalds  Dt  Arthur  W.  de 
(1839).  Louisiana,  sui'geon. 
.Tune  .12. 

Roberts.  Ellis  H.  (1827).  Utica, 
N.  Y..  former  U.  S.  Treasurer. 
Jan.  8. 

Ilobertson,  Sgt.  David  (1831), 
Governor's  Island.  N.  Y..  in 
service  67  yeare.  Civil  War 
vet..  Aug.    14. 

Robertson.  John  R.  (1841).  pro- 
il>rietor  Toronto  (Can.).  Eve- 
ning  Telegram.    May   31. 

RclMnson.  Caldwell  CoU  (1.S97), 
Hartford.  Conn..  Lt,  U.  S. 
iM'arines.  killed  in  actios, 
June  6. 

Robin.son.  Douglas  (1855),  N. 
Y.    City,    realty   expert.    Se'pt. 

-    12. 

Robitschek.  Car)  (1862).  -N.  Y. 
City,  chemist  and  technolo- 
gist,  Sept.   8. 

Rockefeller.  Philip  H.  (1839). 
N.  Y.  City,  cousin  of  John 
D.    June  7. 

Roebling.-  Charles  G.  (1849). 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  bridge  builder, 
Oct.  5. 


Death  Roll  of  1918 — Continued. 


808 


Roosevelt.  Quentin  (1S97).  Oys- 
ter Bay.  N.  y,.  .aviator,  July 
14. 

Root,  James  P.  (1»31).  Chicago, 
111.,  delegate  to  first  Lincoln 
Convention.   Mch.  2. 

Rosegger.  Dr.  Peter  (1843).  Aus- 
trian author.   June  28. 

Rosenheim.  Abraham  H,  (1818). 
N.  Y.  City,  delegate  to  John 
C  Fremont  convention.  Aug. 
iS. 

Rosenthal.  Max  (1833).  Phila- 
delphia   Pa.,   artist.  Aug.  8. 

Roseniwald,  Lt.  John.  Minneap- 
olis, Min-n.,  football  player, 
killed  3n  action.  .May  12.       \ 

Ross.  Charles  J.  (Ivelly)  (1859), 
As^bury  Park.  N.  J.,  aotor, 
June  i5,_ 

Rostand,  iBdmoad  (186S).  Mar- 
seilles, France.  playwright, 
poet.    Dee.   2. 

Rous.  Jules  Charles  (1841), 
Pa'es.  Compagnie  Generale 
Transatlanticiue,    Mch.    8. 

Ryan.  Mrs,  Mary  Isabella  (1855), 
N.  Y,  City,  trapeze  performer, 
Oct,    16, 

Sahiu,  Mrs.  Mary  Ann  (1818), 
Brooklyn  N.  Y..  centenarian, 
Jan.  20. 

Saenger,  Simon  K.  (1838)',  for- 
mer Pres.  United  Singing  So- 
cieties ot"   Brooklyn.    Sept.    17. 

Sage.  Mrs.  Kusaell  (1828).  N. 
Y.  City.  M'idow  of  financier, 
philanthropist.   Nov.  4, 

Safonoff,  Wassilly  (1852),  Kislo- 
vodsk, Russia,  orchestra  leader, 
Mdh.  13. 

Saiuleiis.  Ch.irlES  W.  (1847), 
'N.  Y.  Citv  sou  of  •'School 
■Book  Sander,-."  July  22. 

Satterlee,  Capt.  Edw.  L.  (1878), 
■N.  Y..  architect,  soldier, 
Dec.  4. 

Saturinski,  Masloff,  '.M'oseow, 
Russia,    author.    Mch.    14. 

Savage.  Rev.  Dr.  Minot  J. 
(1841).  Boston.  Mass.,  Uni- 
tarian.  Miay  22. 

Sayre.  \tra.  'Martha  Nevin  (1842) 
iNantucket.    Mass.,    descendant 
of   framer   of   U.    3.    Constitu- 
tion.   Aug.    15. 

Soannell.  John  J.  (1840).  N.  Y. 
City.  Tammany  Hall  leader, 
Mch,    5. 

Schenck,  Martin  (1846).  Albany. 
N.  Y.,  former  State  Etigineer, 
Sept.  17. 

Schoeffel.  John  B.  (1846).  Bos- 
ton\  .Mass..  theatrical  mgr,, 
Ang>31. 

Schratt.  Katti.  Vienna.  Austria, 
actress,   Jan.    10, 

Selixeiber.  Sir  Collingwood 
(.1831).  Ottawa.  Can.,  consult- 
in,g  engineer.   Mch.  23. 

Schuetter.  Herman  F,  (1861), 
Chicago,  111..  Chief  of  Po- 
lice.  A'ug.   22. 

Scrymser.  James  A.  (1839),  N. 
Y,  City,  philanthropist.  Civil 
War  vet.,  .\pril  21. 

Seaman.  John  (182io).  Hemp- 
stead.   L.    I.,   guide.    M'ch.    13. 

Searle.-Rev.  George  M,  (1838), 
»N.  Y,  City.  Paulist  Father, 
ash"onomer.  July  7. 

Segfert,  Mrs.  Myra  h..  N.  Y. 
City,   charity  worker,  June  13. 

Serafiwa,  Cardinal  Domenico 
(1853),  Rome,  Italy,  Mch,  6. 

Sliaw.  Miss  Irma  L.  (1885), 
Washington,  D.  C.  daughter 
of  former  Secretary  of  Treas- 
ury, Oct.  11. 

Shea.  William  J.  (1862).  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y..  movie  actor.  Nov. 
5. 


Shedd.     Dr.     William    A,,     mis- 
sionary    in     Urumia.     Persia, 

Aug.  7. 
Sheridan.   Brig,    Gen.    Micliael  V. 

(1841).    U.    S,     A.,     retired, 

Fdb.  22. 
Sheridan.    Martin.    N.    Y.    City, 

athlete,   poldce  detective.   Mch. 

28. 
Sherman.       Clark      H.       (1863). 

Westfield,      Mass..      turfman, 

April  27. 
Sliiffner.    U.    Sir    Jolm    Bridges 

(1899).    Englishman,    killed   in 

action.    Sept.   24. 
Shuman.    Ateaham    (1838).    Bos- 
I    ton,      Mass.,       philanthropist, 

merchant.  June  26. 
S'ibley      Brig.     Gen.     Fred     W. 

(1863).     U.     S.     A.,     retired. 

Feib.  18. 
Sickels.   Da.vid  B.    (1837).   Pater- 
son,    N.    J.,    diplomatist.    Civil 

War  correspondent.  July   19. _ 
.^ielcken,   Hennan   (1847).    N.   Y. 

City,    caipitalist.    Coffee   King, 

Nov,   23. 
Silva    Mme.   Olea  da  (1830).  N. 

Y.   City,    educator.    June  29, 
SiucMdr.  James  F.   (1S5'6).   N.  Y. 
I     City.  Chief  Engineer  Red  Star 

Lane.  Sept.  25. 
Sise.    Charles   Fleetwood    (1334). 

creator  of  teleiplvone  system  in 

Canada.    April  9. 
Sleight.      Elisabeth    €.      (1858). 

Mount  Vernon.   N.  Y..  pioneer 

■woman   physician.   Nov.  5. 
Smith.     Andrew    (1832),     N.    Y. 

(City,     policeman     ai     Grant's 

"Tomb.  Aug.  6.  '   .    „ 

Smith.    Henry  h.    (1848).    N.    Y. 

.City,  retired  piftlisher.  Sept.  7. 
Smith.    Lt.   J.    Clovis   (1894).    N. 

Y.  City,  ©as  poisoned  at  Can- 

•tigny.   June  22. 
Smith.     Brig.     Gen.     Jacob     H, 

(1840),   U.  S.   A..   March  2. 
Smith.      Harn'     James      (1880), 

Berlin.       Conn..       playwright, 

Mch.  16. 
Smith.    Rear    Admiral   John    A. 

(1846),      New     Orieans.      La., 

Mch.  t>. 
Smith.    Joseph    P.    (1838).    Salt 

Laloe     City.      Utah.     Pres.    of 

Mormon    Church.    Nov.    19. 
•Smith.  Mrs.  Mabel  Miller  (1856). 
I     Brooklyn.     N.    Y..     mother    of 
I    three  army  officers.  Sept.  1. 
Smith.    Miss   Mary    E.    (Christine 

Faher)     (1850).     Brooklyn.    N. 

Y.     author.    May  23. 
Smith.    ■Sir   Swire    (1842).    York- 
shire,   Eng..    M.    P..    Mch.   16. 
Smith.    Wallace    (188^).    N.    Y, 

City,    Morris   Plan   M.gr..   'Nov, 

18. 
Snyder.    Howard    (1877).    Jersey 

Oity,    N.   J.,   police  lieutenant, 

shot  while  on  duty.    Feb.  16. 
Spear.     B.    HoXden    (1857).     Me- 

tuchen.  N.  J.,  newspaper  man. 
.    IMch.  11. 

'Sipeyers.    Rear    Admiral    Arthur 
I    B    (1846).  N.  Y.  City,  retired, 

'Nov.  19. 
Splan     John    (1849).    Lexington, 

■Ky.'.   '"Sulky  King."   May  11. 
Sppague    .Homer  B.  (1829).  Pres. 

N    Dakota  U..  Mfeh.  23. 
Spring-Rice.     Sir    Cecil     (1860), 
I     London,   Eng..   British  Amtoas- 
1     sador.   Feb.   15,  ,  „ 

Squire.  George  d.    (1838).   N.  Y. 
t    City       former    financial     mgr. 

■Equrt.     Life    Ass'n    Co.,    Nor. 
■  14. 
Starr.  Lt.  Pliilip  C.  (1890).  Clii- 
1    cago.      111.,    killed    in    action, 
i    Feb.  26. 


Stephenson  Isaac  (1833),  Mari- 
nette. Wis.,  former  D,  S. 
Senator.   Mch,  15, 

SterUng,  John  A.  (1*57).  Bloom- 
ington,  lU.,  Congri;ssman,  Oct. 

Sterling,  John  W.  (1844),  N. 
Y.  City,  lawyer,  July  5. 

Sterling.  Gen.  WilHaim  H. 
(1829).  Plainfield.  N.  J.,  In- 
epector  of  Rifle  Practice.  Jan. 
30.  „ 

Stevens.  James  W.  (1854),  Yon- 
kers,  X.  Y,,  former  Grand 
Central  Station  Master,  Sept. 
20. 

Stevens,  Robert  E.  (1838),  N. 
Y.  City,  theatrical  mgr,,  July 
21. 

Stevens,  Rev.  William  Du 
Bose.  D.  D.  (1863).  N.  Y, 
'City,  ai'my  chaplain,  Sept.  29. 

Stillman,  James  (1851),  N.  Y. 
iCity.^  financier.    Mch.    15. 

Stillwell.  Homer  A.  (I860).  Chi- 
cago. 111.,  Pres.  Butler  Bros., 
June  23, 

Stoker,  Frederick  (1878),  New 
•Harmony,  Ind.,  on  staff  of  N, 
Y.  World  and  Times.  Nov.  29, 

Stokes.  James  (1842),  philan- 
tlu-oinst.  an  organizer  of  Y. 
M.  C.  A..  Oct.  4. 

Stone.  William  J.  (1849).  U.  S. 
•Senator  ifrom  Missouri,  April 
14. 

Straight.  JIa,1or  Willard  D. 
(1880).  Paris.  Prance,  diplo- 
matist and  financier.   Dec.   1. 

Strobridge.  F.  H.  (1857),  Balti- 
more.  Md.,  life  ins.  Pres,, 
Jiilv  22. 

Sullivan.  .  John  L,  (1858). 
Feb.  2, 

Summers,  Maddtn  (1877).  Nash- 
ville. Tenn..  Consul  General  at 
iMosoow.  May  4. 

Sutherland,  Corpl.  Gordon 
(1900).  Springfield,  Mass.. 
killed  in  action.  June  9. 

Swan.  Kin^sley  (1884).  Brook- 
lyn. N.  Y..  athlete,  dog  fan- 
cier.  Aug.  2. 

S-weeny.  John  W.  (1847).  N.  Y. 
Citv.  pass,  agent  and  Confed- 
erate vet,.  Feb.  28. 

Tagigart.  Capt.  D,  H..  Britisli 
merchant  marine  officer  who 
sank  a  German  submarine, 
Oct.   14. 

Tailer.  William  S.  (1895). 
Roslyn.  L.  I„  ariator.  killeil 
in     action.     Feb.     4. 

Talbot.  Emily  C.  (1840).  Lon- 
don, Eng..  philanthropist. 
Great  Britain's  richest  woman, 
•Sept.    21. 

Talbot,  Joshua  F.  C.  (1843), 
Maryland  Congressman,  Oct. 
5. 

Taltavall.  Thomas  R.  (1S55). 
Miahwah,  N.  J.,  inventor,  tele- 
.gr.iipher.    Sept.  3. 

Tavlor.  Lt.  Herbert  D.  (1880). 
Baltimore.  Md..  army  surgeon 
instructor.    Oct.    7. 

Taylor,  Irying  .M.  (1843).  Irving- 
ton,  N.  Y,,  police  jusitice, 
June    23. 

Tebeau.  OUver  P.  (1864).  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  baseball  player. 
May  15. 

ffhierry.  Joseph  (1857)  B'rench 
I^Iinister  of  Finance.   Sept.   23. 

Thompson  Robert  (1838),  Bel- 
fast,  Ireland,   M.   P.,  Aug,  3, 

Thompson  Dr,  William  L, 
(1877),  N,  Y,  City,  author,  lec- 
turer,   Aug.    29. 

Thomson,  Hugh  B.  (1840),  N. 
Y.  City,  armorer.  0711  War 
vet..  July  3, 


804 


Influenza  More  Deadly  Than  War. 


DEATH  Roll  of  I^IS— continued. 


Thornisoh.   Alice    (isaa),    N.    V. 

CKty,  social  aad  charity  worier, 

Sept.  27. 
Tillman.    Benjamin      K.    (1847), 

Tventon.  S.  G.,  U.  S.  Senator, 

July  3. 
Titus.   George  P.    (1859).   police 

.inspector.    May  17. 
Toal.    Daniel   C.    (1842).    Brook- 
lyn,  N.   Y..    editor.   Civil  War 

vet..    Sept.    24. 
Tolman.  Daniel  H.   (1850).  .Mont- 

clair.     N.     J.,     "loan    .shark." 

Fel3.   12. 
Treat.       Mrs.      J-ulia  .     Hubfeell, 

Newailc.  N.  J.,  historian.  July 

18. 
ffrowbridge.    Charles    C.     (1870), 

N.  Y.   City,   phj'sicist,   Colum- 

tiia  rorof.".   June  2. 
True.  '.Vlrs.  Anna  C.   (1839),  La- 
clede.   iMo..     teacher    of    Gen. 

Pershing.    June    4. 
Tnimibull.   Dr.  Charles  S.   (1848), 

Philadelphia.     Pa.,     eye    spe- 
cialist. Feti.  21. 
Tumulty,   Philiaj  A.    (lS4b').   Jer- 
sey 'City.  IN.  J.,   father  of  Jo- 

septi  P..  sec'y.  to  Pie^uient  Wil- 
son,   Nov.    20. 
TyrreU     Dr.    Cliarles    A.    (1846), 

'N.  Y.  City,  hygienic  specialist, 

Julx  3. 
Underhill.      Harry      C.      (1860), 

'Brooklyn.     N.     Y..     author    of 

legial   text    books,    ilay    1. 
Unger.   Wilbur  F.    (1832).   ilont- 

clair.    N.    J.,    aut.hor   of   books 

■on  Harmony.   Oct.   13. 
Drnan.    Louis        (1861).     N.     1. 

CS'ty.    chef    at    Biltmore    hotel. 

■Sept.  27. 
'Urquidi.    Francisco    (1877).    Chi- 
huahua   City,    fod'mer    .\rexican 

consul.    Oct.    26. 
Valdez.     Ramon.     President       Of 

Panama,   May  3. 
Valverde,    Joaquin.    Mexico   City, 

Spanish   composer.   Nov.   6. 
Van    Hise.    Charles    R.     (1857), 

Milwaukee,      geologist,       pres. 

"Wis.    UniT..    Nov.    19. 
Van    Wyck.    Robert    A.    (1847), 

Paris.    France.   fii\3t    Mayor  of 

Greater   New   York.    Nov.    15. 
Vassar.  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  (1834). 

Elizabeth.   N.  J.,   oldest  Bap- 

tdst  clergyman  in  New  Jersey, 

July  3, 
Vibbert,       George      A.       (IfStJS), 

former  lilayor  of   New   Bruns- 
wick^ N.  J..  Oct.  12. 
Viel.   Dr.   Rafael  Blanco    (1847), 

Chilian  minister  to  Cuba,  July 

26. 
Von       D^enhof,      Mme.      Helen 

(1S57).        N.    Y.    City,    oioera 

singei".  Aug.  30. 


W'agner.  Charles  (1851).  Paris, 
France,  author  Of  "Tiie  Sim- 
ple Life.-'   May  13. 

Waixel.  Mrs.  Julia.  .N.  Y.  City 
operatic  accompanist  and 
coach.    July    26. 

W'alden.  Rev.  Treadwell  (1S32), 
Boston.  Mas.s..  member  U.  S. 
Sanitary  Commission  in  Civil 
War.   May  21. 

Waldron.  Rev.  D.  W.  (1840), 
Boston.  Mass..  Chaptein  U. 
.S.  House  Representatives  4() 
years.  Dec.   5. 

Wallace.  Father  Edward  A. 
(1885).  Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  ai-my 
chaplain,  gassed  in  France, 
about  Oct.  12. 

Wallace,  Henry  E.  (1855).  N.  Y. 
City.  financial  writer  for 
"iBradstreet's."   X'ov.   23. 

Wallas„  Mrs.  Frieda  (1813). 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  leaves  4 
childien.  43  'grandchildren. 
50  great-grandchildren,  many 
great-great-grandchildren.  .r>'ov. 

Walsh.  Richard  (1829).  Brook- 
lya.  N.  Y..  founder  of  Am- 
phiou  Musical    Soc..    May  14. 

Ward.  Rear  -Admiral  Aaron 
ilS51),  Wi.Ilawmei-e.  L.  J., 
July  o. 

Ware.  Ediward  J.  (1858),  N.  Y. 
City,   physician.  SeiH.  29. 

Welch.  Joe  (1873).  N.  Y.  City, 
actor,    July   15. 

Welcher.  Fanny  Avery.  Hart- 
ford, Conn.,  art  patron,  July 
23. 

Weld,   C.  Minot.   Jliltou.    .Mass., 
financier.    Roosevelt   classmate. 
Aug.   27, 
kWells,  Dr,  George  (1849).  .A,nnap- 
olis,    JId..    Dem.    leader. 

Wesfengai'ci.  Prof.  Jens  Iverson 
(1871).  Boston,  Mass..  mem- 
'beir  of  Hague  Council  and 
adviser  to  King  of  Siam.  Sept. 
17. 

Whaley— "Uncle  Jim"  (1857). 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  turfman, 
Nov.   12. 

Wheeler.  Prof.  Arthur  M. 
(1836).  New  Haven.  Conn., 
hdstorian.    July    17. 

Whelan.  iNfiohael,  Syracuse.  N. 
Y..  a  founder  of  U.  S.  Cigar 
Stores  Corp..   Mch.   9, 

Whidden.  Dr.  Roe  W..  Boston, 
Mass,  Captain — heart  disease 
specialist,  died  from  wounds, 
Sept.  25. 

Whitcomb.  Frank  I.  (1868).  N. 
Y.  City,  tourist  ticket  agt., 
Oct.   2. 

White.  Anda-ew  D.  (1832), 
Ithaca  N.  Y..  first  Pres.  Cor- 
nell U. .  Amlbassador  to  (Ger- 
many,   Nov,   4, 


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Italy.   U.   S.  Consul.   May  24. 

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Y.  City,  keeijer  in  Tombs,  July 
39. 

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Cleveland.  Ohio,  painter  of  pic- 
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Ohio,    tenor.    May    24. 

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Havana,  Cu'ba.  geologist,  July 
31. 

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Chester.  N.  Y.,  veteran  R,  R. 
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Aug.  18. 

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Brooklyn.  N.  Y..  "referee  in 
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(1847).  Greenwich  Conn., 
manist   and   singer.   July    10. 

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10. 

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INFLUENZA  MORE  DEADLY  THAN  WAR. 

The  Census  Bureau,  November  17,  1918,  issued  the  following:  "The  Intluenza  epidemic  has  thus 
far  taken  a  much  heavier  toll  of  American  life  than  has  the  great  war.  The  total  loss  of  life  throughout 
the  country  is  not  known,  but  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  has  been  publishing,  for  Jorty-six  large  cities  having 
a  combined  population  estimated  at  23,000,000,  weekly  reports  showing  the  mortality  from  Influenza  ana 
pneumonia.  These  reports,  which  cover  the  period  from  September  8  to  November  9,  Inclusive,  show  a 
total  of  82,306  deaths  from  these  causes.  It  is  estimated  that  during  a  similar  period  of  time  the  normal 
number  of  deaths  due  to  Influenza  and  pneumonia  in  the  .same  cities  would  be  about  4,000,  leaving  approxi- 
mately 78,000  as  the  number  properly  chargeable  to  the  epidemic.  The  total  casualties  In  the  American 
Expeditionary  Forces  have  recently  been  unoflBcially  estimated  at  100,000.  On  the  basis  of  the  number 
thus  far  reported,  it  may  be  assumed  that  the  deaths  from  all  causes,  including  disease  and  accidents,  are 
probably  less  than  45  per  cent,  and  may  not  be  more  than  40  per  cent,  of  the  total  casualties.  On  this 
assumption,  the  loss  of  life  in  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces  to  date  is  about  40,000  or  45,000. 

"Thus,  in  forty-six  American  cities  having  a  combined  population  of  only  a  little  more  than  one-fifth 
the  total  for  the  counti-y,  the  mortality  resulting  from  the  influenza  epidemic  during  the  nine-weeks'  period 
ended  November  9,  was  nearly  double  that  in  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces  from  the  time  the  first 
contingent  landed  in  France  until  the  cessation  of  hostilities. 


New  York  City  Mission  Society. 


805 


THE     PHILIPPINES. 


The  Philippiue  islands,  l5ing  otf  the  southern 
coast  ot  Asia,  between  Formosa  and  Borneo,  In 
longitude  116°  40'  and  126°  34'  E.,  and  latitude  4° 
40'  and  21°  3'  N.,  embrace  3,141  islands  and  Islets, 
of  which  only  1.668  are  named.  The  total  land  area 
is  about  115,020  square  miles.  The  two  islands,  with 
areas  exceeding  10,000  square  miles  each,  are  Luzon, 
40,969,  being  about  the  size  o!  New  York,  and  Min- 
danao, with  30,292  square  miles.  The  oiiLv  other 
islands  having  areas  of  over  1,000  square  miles  are: 


Samar -5,031 

Negro? 4,!<81 

Panay 4,611 


Paragua. .  .4,027 
Mlndoro...3,851 
Lej^e 2,722 

POPOLATION. 


Cebu 1,762 

Bohol 1,441 

Masbate.  ..1,236 


The  estimated  population  for  1915  was  8,918,177. 
Racially  the  people  are  principally  of  jMalay  stock. 
The  civilized  tribes  are  practically  all  adherents  of 
the  Catholic  Church,  the  religion  being  introduced 


into  the  country  by  the  Spanlarda  when  they  took 
possession  of  the  Islands  In  1565..  The  Moras  are 
Mohammedans  and  the  other  wild  peoples  have  no 
recognized  religious  beliefs.  The  wild  tribes  form 
about  10  per  cent,  of  the  entire  population. 

There  are  about  twenty-five  diSerent  tribes  in 
the  islands  speaking  some  one  of  nineteen  dialects, 
the  most  populous  tribe  being  the  Visayans,  who 
constitute  47  per  cent,  of  the  entire  civilized  popu- 
lation; second,  Tagalogs,  20  per  cent.;  third,  llocanos, 
about  10  per  cent.;  Bicols,  7  per  cent,;  Pangasinan, 
6  per  cent. ;  Pampangan,  5  per  cent. ;  Cagayan,  3  per 
cent.,  and  Zambalan,  2  per  cent. 

By  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  August  29, 
1916,  the  Philipl)ine  Commis,9ion  was  abolished, 
there  being  substituted  as  the  Upper  House  of  the 
Legislature  a  Senate  composed  of  24  members,  and 
instead  of  the  Assembly,  a  House  of  Representatives 
of  90  members,  elected  trlennlally. 


PORTO     RICO. 

THE  island  of  Porto  Rico,  over  which  the  flag  of  the  United  States  was  raised  in  token  of  formal  pos- 
session on  October  18,  1898,  Is  the  most  eastern  of  the  Greater  Antilles  in  the  West  Indies  and  Is  separated 
on  the  east  from  the  island  of  St.  Thomas  by  a  distance  of  aboirt  fifty  miles,  and  from  Haytl  on  the 
west  by  the  Mona  passage,  seventy  miles  wide.  Distances  from  San  Juan,  the  capital,  to  Important  points 
are  as  follows:  New  York,  1,411  miles;  Charleston,  S.  C,  1,200  miles;  Key  West,  Fla.,  1,050  miles;  Havana, 
1,000  miles. 

The  island  is  a  parallelogram  in  general  outline,  108  miles  from  the  east  to  the  west,  and  from  37  to  43 
miles  across,  the  area  being  about  3,604  square  miles. 

M  Porto  Rico  is  unusually  fertile,  and  its  dominant  industries  are  agriculture  and  lumbering.  In  elevated 
regions  the  vegetation  of  the  temperate  zone  is  not  unknown.  There  are  more  than  600  varieties  of  trees 
found  in  the  forests,  and  the  plains  are  full  of  palm,  orange,  and  other  trees.  The  principal  crops  are  sugar, 
coffee,  tobacco,  maize,  oranges,  bananas,  rice,  pineapples  and  other  fruits.  The  principal  minerals  are  gold, 
carbonates,  and  sulphides  of  copper  and  magnetic  oxide  of  iron  in  large  quantities.  Lignite  is  found  at 
Utuado  and  Moca,  and  al.'io  yellow  amber.  A  large  variety  of  marbles,  limestones,  and  other  building  stones 
are  deposited  on  the  island.    "There  are  salt  worlis  on  the  south  coast,  and  at  Cape  Rojo  on  the  west. 


CUBA.  , 

■  The  Island  of  Cuba  is  760  miles  long,  and  Its  width  varies  from  about  25  miles  to  100  miles.  Its  area 
comprises  45,881  square  miles,  or  about  that  of  Pennsylvania.  It  has  numerous  jMife  and  commodious 
harbors,  that  of  Havana  being  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  world.  Measuring  from  points  of  nearest 
approach  to  its  neighbors,  Cuba  Is  about  100  miles  from  Key  West,  Fla.,  north;  54  miles  from  Hayti,  east; 
130  miles  from  Yucatan,  west,  and  85  miles  from  Jamaica,  south.  There  are  2,360  miles  of  railway  line 
Q«#i  200  milf^  of  plpctrtc  rsiilw&vs 

}■  The  two  principal  agriculturaj  staples  of  the  island  are  sugar  and  tobacco.  It  also  produces  in  consid- 
erable quantities  fruits,  vegetables,  timber  and  metals,  mainly  Iron,  manganese  and  copper  ore,  and  Is 
adapted  to  coffee  and  cotton  raising.  It  has  1,246  miles  of  shaded  roads.  The  average  Quctuation  of  the 
temperature  is  12  degrees.    The  average  in  January  is  70.3;  July,  82.4;  extremes,  60  to  92. 

The  Government  is  republican  In  form.  The  President,  who  is  chosen  by  popular  suffrage,  serves  four 
years  and  appoints  his  own  Cabinet.  The  Congress  consists  of  a  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives,  one 
Representative  being  chosen  for  every  25,000  inhabitants,  as  nearly  as  possible.  The  provinces,  of  which 
there  are  six,  corresponding  to  tlie  American  States,  elect  their  own  Governors  and  control  their  own  internal 
affairs. 

TUTUILA      (AMERICAN     SAMOA). 

TUTDILA,  tlie  Samoan  island  which,  with  its  attendant  islets  of  Manu'a,  Olosega,  Ofu,  Aunuu  and  Rose, 
became  a  possession  of  the  United  States  by  virtue  of  the  tripartite  treaty  with  Great  Britain  and  Germany 
in  1899,  covers,  according  to  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Commerce,  55  square  miles, 
and  has  (by  census  of  February  1,  1912)  7,251  inhabitants.  It  possesses  the  most  valuable  Island  harbor. 
Pago-Pago,  in  the  South  Pacific.     

WAKE     AND     OTHER     SMALL     PACIFIC     ISLANDS. 

The  United  States  flag  was  hoisted  over  Wake  Island  on  July  4,  1898,  by  Gen.  F.  V.  Greene,  com- 
manding Second  Detachment  Philippine  expedition.  It  is  a  small  island  in  the  direct  route  from  Hawaii 
to  Hongkong,  .about  2,000  miles  from  the  first  and  3,000  miles  from  the  second. 

Ol  The  United  States  possesses  a  number  of  scattered  small  Lslands  in  the  Pacific.  The  largest  are  Christ- 
mas, Gallego,  Starbuck,  Penrhyn,  Phoenix,  Palmyra,  Rowland,  Baker,  Johnston.  Gardner,  Midway, 
Morell,  and  Marcus  Islands.    The  Midway  Islands  are  occupied  by  a  colony  of  telegraphers. 

The  Santa  Barbara  group  Is  a  part  of  California. 

HAWAII. 

Hawaii  was  annexed  to  the  United  States  by  joint  resolution  of  Congress  July  7,  1898.  A  bill  to  create 
Hawaii  a  Territory  of  the  United  States  was  passed  by  Congress  and  approved  April  30,  1900. 

The  area  of  the  several  islands  of  the  Hawaiian  group  is  as  follows:  Hawaii,  4,210  square  miles;  Maui, 
760;  Oahu,  600;  Kauai,  590;  Molokai,  270;  Lanal,  150;  Niihau,  97;  Kahoolawe,  63.    Total,  6,740  square 

At  the  time  of  the  discovery  of  the  islands  by  Capt.  Cook,  in  1778,  the  native  population  was  about 
200  000  This  has  steadily  decreased,  so  that  at  the  census  of  1910  the  native  born  numbered  but  98,157. 
Total  foreign  born  (1910),  93,752. 

NEW   YORK    CITY    MISSION   SOCIETY. 

President— A.  F.  Schauffler,  D.  D.  Vice-Presidents— TS.Mgmt  Delano,  J.  Cleveland  Ciidy.  Treasurer— 
Stephen  Baker.  SuverirUendent — Rev.  A.  H.  McKinney.  Headquarters,  United  Charities  Building,  105 
East  Twentj'-secoad  Street. 


806 


Corcoran  Gallery,  of  Art,  Washington,  D.C» 


,    ,  GUAM. 

THE  island  of  Guam,  the  largest  of  the  Marianas,  was  ceded  by  Spain  by  article  2  of  the  Treaty  of  Paris. 
December  10,  1898.  It  lies  between  latitudes  13°  13'  and  13°  39*  nortli  and  lOngituctes  144°  37'  and  144° 
58'  east.  Area  estimated,  225  square  miles.  Distance  from  Manila,  1,506  miles;  from  San  Francisco,-  5,044 
miles.  TTie  inhabitants  call  themselves  Chamorros,  but  the  present  generation  are  a  mixed  race  with  the 
Malay  strain  predominating.  Their  language,  a  Polynesian  tongue,  is  also  called  Chamorro.  About  10  per 
cent,  speak  English.  Instruction  in  the  English  language  is  compulsory  In  the  public  schools.  The  north- 
em  half  of  the  island  is  a  plateau  from  400  to  600  feet  iu  height  and  is,  except  where  cleared  for  cultivation, 
wooded.  The  southern  half  is  broken  by  hills  from  1,200  to  1,300  feet  high.  They  are  barren,  bv.t  the 
valleys  between  are  fertile,  and  streams  traverse  this  portion.  There  are  no  perennial  streams  in  the  north- 
ern half  of  the  island,  which  is  composed  of  coralliferous  limestone,  the  southern  half  of  volcanic  clays.  The 
productions  are  cocoanuts,  corn,  rice,  tobacco,  cocoa  and  tropical  fruits.  Only  the  diled  meat  of  the  coeoanut 
(cofira)  isexDoited. 

The  total  population,  July  1,  1918,  exclusive  of  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Navy  and  Marine 
Corps  and  their  families  was  14,34-4,  of  whom  14,124  were  classed  as  "natives."  Of  the  foreign  born  popu- 
lation only  69  were  Americans.  Death  rate  per  thousand  was  17.6;  birth  rate,  47.2.  Guam  is  under  the 
Navy  Department,  as  a  naval  station.  The  Governor  is  a  naval  officer,  designated  by  the  President.  Capt. 
Roy  C.  Smith,  named  May  30,  1916.  A  marine  barraclis,  naval  hospital  and  station  ship  are  maintained. 
The  Commercial  Pacific  Cable  Company  has  a  cable  station  in  Guam,  and  cables  from  Manila,  Yokohama, 
Midway  and  Yop  Islands  are  landed  here.  The  United  States  Department  of  Agrlculttu'e  has  an  experi- 
ment station  here.  The  port  of  entry  is  Api'a,  which  is  closed  to  foreign  vessels,  except  by  permit  from  tie 
United  States  Government.  Apra  is  commodious,  but  unimproved.  Capital,  Agana,  in  ttie  north  central 
part,  on  the  western  coast:  population  (estimated),  9,000.  During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30,  1918, 
the  Island  exported  1,202  tons  of  copra,  one-third  to  Yokohama  and  the  other  two-thirds  to  San  Francisco. 
Total  imports,  exclusive  of  military  and  naval  stores  and  supplies,  were  valued  at  8358,146.91,  of  which  aJl 
but  $82,432.44  was  received  from  the  United  States  or  its  possessions. 


STATE      LABOR     BUREAUS     IN      UNITED     STATES. 


Location. 

Chief  Officer. 

Address. 

Location.    |        Chief  Officer. 

Address. 

Alabama 

Arkansas 

California .... 

Colorado 

Connecticut.  . 
Delaware 

G.  Andrews.  M.  D..  . 

B.  D.  Brickhouse 

John  P.  McLaughlin. 

W.  L.  Morrissey 

Wm.  S.  Hyde 

Charles  Warner 

J.  C.  Privett 

H.  M.  Stanley 

R.  A.  Kearns 

W.  J.  McVety 

Barney  Cohen 

Samuel  R.  Artman.. . 
A.  L.  Urick 

Montgomery. 

Little  Rock. 

San  Francisco. 

Denver. 

Hartford. 

Wilmington. 

Jacksonville. 

Atlanta. 

Honolulu. 

Boise. 

Springfield. 

Indianapolis. 

Des  .Moines. 

Topeka. 

Frankfort. 

New  Orleans. 

Augusta. 

Baltimore. 

Boston. 

Lansing. 

St.  Paul. 

Jefferson  City. 

Helena. 

Lincoln. 

Carson  City. 

N.  Hampshire 
New  Jersey. .  . 

New  York 

N.  Carolina. . . 
North  Dakota 
Ohio 

J.  S.  B.  Davie 

Lewis  T.  Bryant 

John  MitcheU 

M.  L.  Shlpman 

J.  N.  Hagan 

T.  J.  Dufly 

Concord. 

Trenton. 

Albany. 

Raleigh. 

Bismarck. 

Florida 

Georgia 

Oklahoma. . . . 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 

Philippines. .  . 
Porto  Rico . . . 
Rhode  Island . 
S.  Carolina... 
South  Dakota. 
Tennessee. . . . 

Texas 

Utah 

Virginia 

Vfermont 

Washington.  . 
West  Virginia. 
Wisconsin .... 
Wyoming .... 

C.  E.  Connally 

O.  P.  HofI 

Oklahoma  City 
.S.\lem 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Lew  R.  Palmer,  Act- 
ing Commissioner.. 

B.  G.  Monreal 

Carmelo  Honore 

George  H.  Webb 

A.  C.  Summers 

C.  McCallree 

Louis  L.  Allen 

T.  C.  Jennings 

P.  A.  Thatcher 

C.  G.  Kizer 

Harrisburg. 
Manila. 
San  Juan. 

Kansas 

Kentucky .... 
Louisiajia .... 
Maine 

P.  J.  McBride 

Mat.  S.  Cohen 

Frank  E.  Wood 

R.  A.  Eddy 

Columbia. 
Pierre. 
Nashville.  . 

Austin 

Maryland .... 
M  assachusetts 

Charles  J.  Fox... 

Edwin  M already. . . . 

R.  H.  Fletcher 

John  P.  Gardiner 

Wm.  H.  Lewis 

W.  J.  Swindlehurst .  . 

G.  E.  Norman 

R.  F.  Cole 

Salt  Lake. 
Richmond . 

Michigan 

Minnesota — 

Missouri 

Montana 

Mebrasks 

Nevada 

R.  W.  Simonds 

C.  H.  Younger 

S.  B.  Montgomery. . . 

G.  P.  Hambrecht 

L.  H.  Buehaer 

Montpeller. 

Olympia. 

Charleston. 

Madison. 

Cheyenne. 

THE     OATH     OF     HIPPOCRATES. 

r  swear  by  Apollo,  the  physician,  and  Aesculapius,  and  Health,  and  All-heal,  and  all  the  gods  and  god- 
desses, that,  according  to  my  ability  and  judgment,  I  will  keep  this  oath  and  stipulation;  to  reckon  him 
who  tanght  me  this  art  equally  dear  to  me  as  my  parents,  to  share  my  substance  with  him  and  relieve  his 
necessities  if  required:  to  regard  his  oflspring  as  on  the  same  footing  with  my  own  brothers,  and  to  teach 
them  this  art  if  they  should  wish  to  learn  it,  without  fee  or  stipulation,  and  that  by  precept  lecture  and 
every  other  mode  of  instruction  I  will  impart  a  knowledge  of  the  art  to  my  own  sons  and  to  those  of  my 
teachers,  and  to  disciples  bound  by  a  stipulation  and  oath,  according  to  the  law  of  medicine,  but  to  none 
others.  I  will  follow  that  method  of  treatment  which,  according  to  my  ability  and  Judgment,  I  consider 
for  the  benefit  of  my  patients,  and  abstain  from  whatever  is  deleterious  and  mischievous.  I  will  give  no 
deadly  medicine  to  any  one  if  asked,  nor  suggest  any  such  counsel;  furthermore,  I  will  not  give  to  a  woman 
an  instrument  to  produce  abortion.  With  purity  and  with  holiness  I  will  pass  my  life  and  practice  my 
art.  I  will  not  cut  a  person  who  Is  suffering  with  a  stone,  but  will  leave  this  to  be  done  by  practitioners 
of  this  work.  Into  whatever  houses  I  enter  I  will  go  into  them  for  the  benefit  of  the  sick  and  will  ab.stain 
from  every  voluntary  act  of  mischief  and  corruption:  and  further  from  the  seduction  of  females  or  males, 
bond  or  free.  Whatever,  in  connection  with  my  professional  practice,  or  not  in  connection  with  it,  I  may 
see  or  hear  in  the  lives  of  men  which  ought  not  to  be  spoken  abroad,  I  will  not  divulge,  as  reckoning  that 
all  such  should  be  kept  secret.  While  I  continue  to  keep  this  oath  unviolated,  may  it  be  granted  to  me 
to  enjoy  life  and  the  practice  of  the  art,  respected  by  all  men  at  all  times;  but  should  I  trespass  and  violate 
this  oath,  may  the  reverse  be  my  lot. 

CORCORAN    GALLERY    OF    ART,    WASHINGTON,    D.    C. 

The  Corcoran  Gallery  of  Art,  at  Waslilngton,  D,  C,  founded  and  endowed  by  the  lat«  William  Wilson 
Corcoran  in  1869,  solely  lor  encouraging  American  genius  in  the  fine  art-s,  is  a  private  corporation  controlled 
by  a  self-perpetuating  board  of  nine  trustees.  The  original  home  of  the  institution  was  at  Pennsylvania 
Avenue  and  17th  Street;  but  in  1897  its  collections  were  transferred  to  the  present  building,  designed  by 
Ernest  Flagg  of  New  York,  and  located  at  New  York  Avenue  and  17th  Street,  N.  W.  The  value  of  the 
building  and  grounds  connected  therewith  is  51,000,000,  and  the  present  value  of  the  collections  Is  esti- 
mated at  81,500,000,    The  endowment  fund  amounts  to  $1,000,000. 

The  collection  of  paintings  is  particularly  representative  of  American  artists.  In  addition  the  gallery 
has  examples  of  the  French,  Dutch,  English,  and  other  schools.  The  sculptures  include  casts  from  the 
..antique  and  the  Renaissaace,  and  modern  works,  as  well  as  original  works  in  marble  and  bronze.  There 
are  over  100  original  bronzes  by  Antoine-Louls  Barye,  French  sculptor  of  animals.  It  is  open  to  the  public: 
Mondays,  12  m.  to  5  p.  m.;  other  week  days,  9  A.  i*.  to  5  P.  M.;  Sundays,  1.30  to  5  p.  m. 


U.  S.  Church  and  Sunday  School  Statistics. 


807 


0.  S.  CHURCH  AND  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  STATISTICS. 

(From  a  couut  made  by  the  United  States  Census  Bureau,  as  of  January  1,  1917.) 


Denomination. 


Churches. 


Organiz'tns   Members.    Mlnistrs 


SUNDAY  Schools. 


Schools.  Offl., Teach.    Scholars, 


AU  denominations 

Adventlats  (5  bodies) 

Baptist: 

North 

South 

Colored 

Other  (14  bodies) 

Brethren  (Dunkers): 

Church  of  the  Brethren  (Conserv.) . 

Other  (4  bodies) 

Chi-istian  Church 

Churches  of  Christ 

Congregationalists 

Disciples  of  Christ 

Eastern  Orthodox: 

Greek  Church 

Russian  Church 

Other  (5  bodies) ' 

Evangelical  Association 

Friends: 

Orthodox 

Other  (3  bodies) 

German  Evangelical  Synod 

Jewish  Congregations. 

Latter  Day  Saints:  , 

Church  of  Jesus  Christ. . . .  / 

Reorganized  Church 

Lutherans: 

General  Synod 

General  Council 

Sy nodical  Conference 

Synod  for  Norwegian 

United  Norwegian 

Synod  of  Ohio 

Synod  of  Iowa 

Other  (14  bodies) 

Mennonites  (16  bodies) 

Methodist: 

Methodist  Episcopal 

Methodist  Episcopal,  South 

Methodist  Protestant 

Other  white  (5  bodies) 

African  Methodist  Episcopal 

African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion . . 

Colored  Methodist  Episcopal 

Other  colored  (6  bodies) 

Presbyterians: 

Presbyterian  in  U.  S.  A 

Presbyterian  in  U.  S 

United  Presbyterian 

Other  (7  bodies) 

Protestant  Episcopal .' 

Reformed : 

Reformed  in  America 

Reformed  in  U.  S 

.    Other  (2  bodies) 

Roman  Catholic 

United  Brethren: 

United  Brethren  in  Christ 

United  Brethren  (Old  Constitution). 

United  Evangelical 

All  other  (81  bodies) 


228,007 
2,694 

8,178 
23,692 
21,754 

5,156 

1,004 
287 
1,274 
5,598 
5,844 
8,255 

88 

169 

45 

1,637 

790 

218 

1,349 

1.897 

966 
565 

1,845 
2,389 
3.617 

981 
1,399 

82" 

96 
1,893 

840 

29,377 
19.122 
2,464 
2,505 
6,454 
2,738 
2,621 
256 

9.648 
3,368 
991 
1.805 
7,425 

708 

1,731 

272 

17,621 

3,478 
403 
954 

7,850 


42,044,374 
118,225 

1,227,448 

2.711,591 

3,018.341 

279,270 

105,649 
28,724 
117,853 
319,211 
790.163 
1,231,404 

120,371 
99,681 
30,288 

120,756 

94,111 

20,603 

342,788 

359,998 

403,391 
58,941 

370.616 
535,108 
777,438 
112,773 
177,463 
165.116 
130.793 
193,958 
79,591 

3,718,396 

2,108,061 

186,873 

79,334 

552,265 

258,433 

245,749 

16,875 

1,613,056 
357,566 
160,726 
126,091 

1,098,173 

144,166 

340,671 

48,519 

15,742,262 

348,490 
19,130 
90.007 

647.868 


191.722 
1.463 

8,631 
15.946 
19.423 

4,992 

3,054 
582 
1.213 
2.507 
6,040 
5.938 

125 

164 

67 

1.051 

1,232 

50 

1,078 

719 

4.790 
1.200 

1.514 

1.664 

2,918 

447 

598 

567 

686 

938 

1.398 

18.642 
7.498 
1.340 
2.184 
8.175 
3.962 
3,402 
598 

9.299 
1,820 
995 
1.488 
5.544 

756 

1,242 

214 

20,287 

1,912 

407 

610 

10,452 


195,276 
2,396 

8,291 
18,438 
20,333 

1,196 

1,288 
209 
1.075 
3.456 
5.680 
7.752 

18 

128 

22 

1,573 

723 

115 

1,243 

700 

1,064 
558 

1,806 

2,383 

1,583 

465 

897 

717 

808 

1,621 

665 

28,542 
16,568 
2,104 
1,973 
6.373 
2,565 
2,543 
203 

9,713 
3,258 
1,019 
1,463 
5,808 

790 

1.712 

248 

12.761 

3,294 
381 
943 

5,812 


1,959,918 
^    18.986 

112,250 

159.733 

125,474 

8,656 

12,726 
2,555 
11,021 
15,303 
81,690 
85,036 

28 

153 

44 

19.914 

7.998 

863 

14,331 

3,682 

18,026 
6,061 

30,656 

33,622 

10,214 

2,817 

6,787 

6.650 

3,546 

11,276 

8,029 

391,922 
162.551 
20.695 
16.038 
45,490 
19,058 
18.890 
1.166 

145,196 
32,254 
16.089 
11.801 
66.241 

12.716 

28.909 

1.772 

69,641 

41.181 

3.782 

13,922 

47,587 


19.951.676 
99.225 

1.024.125 

1.666.324 

1.204.328 

70.445 

112.287 
24.789 
89.868 
168.164 
654,102 
953.618 

1.123 

tm 

172,129 

65.564 

6.640 

146.081 

67.036 

162.924 
28,222 

311.291 
306.785 
110,098 
24,313 
44,645 
66,867 
38.120 
96.698 
79,621 

3.872.200 
1.683.129 
177.674 
111.824 
312.922 
136,930 
167.880 
9,119 

1.387.938 

312.952 

156.072 

96.683 

493.080 

122.111 

302.200 

26.767 

1,863.245 

402.666 

24.219 

129,717 

390,997 


According  to  Dr.  H.  K.  Carroll,  in  the  Christian  Herald  in  1917,  there  was  a  net  Increase  of  673,295 
In  American  church  membership,  of  which  the  Roman  Catholics  claimed  175,000.  Total  membership. 
January  1,  1918,  all  churches.  40,515,126,  divided  as  follows:  Baptist  (15  bodies),  6,442.393;  Catholics 
(3),  14,663,342:  Lutherans  (18),  2.460,937;  Methodists  (16),  7,782,018;  Presbyterians  (11).  2,225,879: 
Disciples  of  Christ  (2),  1,396,466;  Protestant  Episcopal  (2),  1,083,366;  Reformed  (4),  514,061;  Eastern 
Orthodox  (7),  490,500;  Mennonites  (12),  66,542;  Friends  (4),  119,263;  Dunkards  (4),  128,363;  United 
Brethren  (2),  367,959;  Adventlsts  (6).  117,569;  Evangelical  Association  (2),  209,483;  Scandinavian  Evangeli- 
cal (3),  62,900;  Latter  Day  Saints  (2),  420,000. 

Ministers,  181,808;  churches,  226,609. 

VALUE  OF  CHURCH  PROPERTY  IN  UNITED  STATES. 
According  to  the  United  States  Census  Bureau,  the  value  of  church  property  In  the  United  States  in 
1906  was  as  follows:  Protestant — Adventlats,  $2,425,209;  Baptists,  8139,842,656;  Christians  (Chrlstan 
connection),  $2,740,322;  Church  of  Christ  Scientists,  $8,806,441;  Congregationalists.  S63.240.305;  Disciples 
or  Christians,  S29,895.316-.  Dunkers  or  German  Baptist  Brethren,  $2,802,532;  Evangelical,  $8,999,979: 
Friends,  83,857,451;  German  Evangelical  Synod  of  North  America,  89,376,402;  Independent  churches, 
$3,934,267;  Lutherans.  $74,826,389;  Mennonites,  $1,237,134;  Methodists,  $229,450,996;  Presbyterians.  »160.- 
189.446;  Protestant  Episcopal  Church.  8126.040.498;  Reformed.  $30,648,247;  Unitarians.  814,263,277: 
United  Brethren,  $9,073,791:  Unlversallsts.  $10,675,656;  Other  Protestants,  814,616,264;  total  Protestants, 
$935,942,578.  Roman  Catholic  Church,  8292,638,787;  Jewish  congregations,  823.198,925;  Latter-my 
Saints,  8^,168.548;  Eastern  Orthodox  Churches.  8964,791;  aU  other.  Sl.662.238;  grand  total.  81.257.576.867. 


808 


Roman  Catholic  Statistics  for  the  United  States. 


ROMAN    CATHOLIC   STATISTICS    FOR    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(These  figures  are  from  the  OflBclal  Catholic  Directory  for  1918,  copyrighted  by  P.  J.  Kenedy  &  Sons.) 


Arch- 
dioceses, 

m 

a 
o 

52 

%  . 

i 

t 

a 

a 

1 

to 

o 

§ 

Dioceses, 

^    m 

s6 

"n 

S 

1. 

m    . 

0.9 

03 

m 

«H 

VlCAHIATES- 
APOSTOLIC. 

1     ° 

>> 

o 
S 

o 

C3 

g 

3§ 

0  P 
cs  a 

o.>, 

t-4  m 

a 
<a 

a 

s 

O  6 

<  « 

O 

Q« 

H 

Te 

M 

858 

11 

19 

A03 

0<! 

o< 

c 

a< 

oS 

Baltimore. . . 

M     1 

602 

145 

76 

221 

95 

.      29,615 

13 

1,521 

2 

270,000 

Boston 

M     1 

748 

253 

36 

288 

1 

167 

4 

9 

105 

60,937 

It 

802 

4 

900,000 

Chicago .... 

1     1 

923 

333 

19 

352 

6 

308 

11 

25 

279 

118,215 

9 

2,646 

5 

1,150,000 

Cincinnati .  . 

1   .. 

379 

183 

34 

217 

2 

228 

6 

16 

123 

32,473 

4 

767 

•i 

210,000 

Dubuque . . . 

1   .. 

258 

175 

69 

234 

1 

8 

94 

15,412 

1 

225 

2 

111,500 

Milwaukee. . 

1   .. 

430 

229 

72 

301 

3 

238 

4 

8 

156 

37,734 

6 

768 

2 

270,000 

New  Orleans 

1     1 

324 

148 

126 

274 

2 

99 

9 

13 

92 

22.293 

9 

1.129 

3 

663,000 

New  York .  . 

M     1 

1,117 

313 

75 

388 

9 

1,131 

23 

46 

188 

94,139 

9 

2,372 

6 

1,325,000 

Oregon  City. 
Philadelphia 

1    .. 

165 

66 

44 

110 

1 

36 

3 

13 

38 

7.000 

3 

385 

1 

60,000 

.     1 

779 

284 

43 

327 

6 

262 

3 

14 

180 

82,064 

16 

3.669 

3 

710,000 

St.  Louis:... 

1   .. 

536 

245 

62 

297 

12 

774 

7 

17 

186 

34,809 

6 

770 

3 

421,670 

St.  Paul .... 

1    .. 

352 

207 

66 

273 

1 

210 

1 

10 

99 

.25,316 

3 

433 

3 

265,000 

8.  Francisco. 

1   .. 

411 

129 

61 

190 

3 

219 

7 

24 

48 

16,441 

6 

1.087 

4 

350.000 

Santa  Fe.... 

1    .. 

86 

48 

297 

345 

•   *    • 



3 

7 

26 

3,294 

2 

196 

140,573 

Albany 

263 

137 

46 

183 

•    ■    • 

1 

3 

52 

19,838 

6 

1.266 

-    2 

210,000 

Alexandria. . 

42 

25 

54 

79 

2 

6 

18 

1,943 

36,900 

Alton 

198 

118 

44 

162 

2 

12 

2 

5 

66 

10,569 

2 

232 

3 

87,000 

Altoona .... 

132 

89 

20 

109 

1 

47 

1 

2 

42 

11,095 

2 

259 

127,000 

Baker  City. . 
Belleville .  .  . 

27 

135 

72 

22 
98 
51 

26 
31 
86 

48 
129 
137 

5 
2 

6 
74 
11 

810 

10,113 

2,387 

7  359 

1 

159 

2 

71,324 

Bismarck .  . . 

1 

36,000 

Boise 

53 

32 

61 

93 

6 

9 

1,435 

16,000 

Brooklyn .  .  . 

551 

219 

15 

234 

2 

276 

3 

12 

114 

74,241 

10 

4.098 

2 

800,400 

Buffalo 

436 

200 

33 

233 

2 

226 

6 

10 

132 

37,917 

6 

1,299 

4 

330,000 

Burlington . . 

103 

70 

33 

103 

2 

17 

3 

6 

21 

6,753 

1 

245 

2 

89,018 

Charleston . 

25 
21 

16 
18 

21 
27 

37 
45 

5 

1 

8 
2 

768 
416 

9  500 

Cheyenne. . . 

19.000 

Cleveland... 

373 

192 

30 

222 

1 

90 

10 

10 

129 

49,302 

6 

753 

432.000 

Columbus... 

174 

97 

38 

135 

1 

159 

1 

3 

69 

13,579 

2 

273 

103,970 

Concordia... 

102 

60 

36 

96 

1 

1 

33 

4,676 

1 

50 

34,347 

Corp.  Christi 
Covington . . 

45 

32 

111 

143 

1 

4 

32 

2,226 

1 

51 

86,659 

87 

60 

21 

81 

10 

42 

7,729 

3 

230 

60.600 

Crookston... 

41 

40 

30 

70 

2 

H 

1,161 

24,800 

Dallas 

97 

60 

55 

115 

12 

33 

6,713 

2 

130 

35,000 

Davenport . . 

134 

92 

31 

123 

, 

1 

(■> 

47 

6,970 

1 

85 

56,000 

Denver 

179 

88 

130 

218 

1 

17 

2 

5 

29 

7,706 

4 

720 

113.548 

Des  Moines. 

82 
318 

57 
174 

31 
72 

88 
246 

"2 

■  '188 

"6 

2 

6 

21 
102 

3.036 
44,436 

35  000 

Detroit 

5 

1,088 

386,000 

Duluth 

59 

42 

46 

88 

1 

11 

3,373 

1 

100 

59,541 

El  Paso 

54 

33 

48 

81 

9 

1,935 

81,290 

Erie 

178 

107 

54 

161 

2 

7 

47 

12.467 

1 

290 

125,000 

Fall  River  . . 

169 
113 

74 
88 

21 
94 

95 
182 

4 

8 

29 
22 

12,742 
2.932 

3 

1 

759 
126 

173,610 

Fargo 

69,871 

Ft.  Wayne.. 

292 

134 

39 

173 

2 

234 

2 

11 

95 

21.248 

2 

244 

2 

144,887 

Galveston... 

105 

59 

61 

120 

1 

23 

3 

11 

40 

6,342 

1 

80 

70,000 

Grand  Island 

56 
166 

39 
110 

47 
104 

86 
214 

] 

3 
4 

12 
89 

1,596 
18.357 

19  668 

G.  Rapids... 

2 

290 

145,000 

Great  Falls  . 

61 
228 
120 
400 

35 
164 

74 
196 

67 
75 
12 

47 

102 

239 

86 

243 

4 
1 
2 
6 

8 
107 

44 
87 

1,400 
23,700 
10,837 
38,706 

1 
5 
3 
2 

175 
494 
310 
529 

32,000 

Green  Bay . . 

2 

149,675 

Harrisburg . . 

85.000 

Hartford 

3 

406 

516,679 

Helena 

90 
240 

45 
143 

65 
63 

100 
196 

1 
2 

3 

8 

19 
119 

7,460 
19.093 

1 
2 

190 
170 

"2 

71,300 

Indianapolis 

4 

126 

129,517 

Kansas  City 

131 

V8 

31 

109 

"> 

9 

49 

7,668 

3 

357 

70,000 

La  Crosse . . . 

226 
57 

175 
91 
79 

1.50 
40 
94 
76 
45 

84 
72 
35 
57 
65 

234 
112 
129 
133 
110 

1 

2 
1 
3 
3 

7 

84 
6 
57 
25 
44 

11,630 

736 

7,. 500 

2  706 

3,519 

1 
1 
3 

1 
1 

209 
15 

275 
65 

162 

118,600 

Lead 

25,000 

Leavenworth 

2 

-  60,000 

Lincoln 

33,215 

Little  Rock . 

2 

20 

2 

23,000 

Louisville. . . 

209 

144 

99 

110 

78 
74 

56 
32 
56 

166 
110 
130 

3 
1 

16 
2 
3 

81 
38 
26 

14.190 

17,207 

8,224 

3 
8 
1 

430 

942 

96 

2 
2 

113,391 

Manchester . 

135,000 

Marquette. . 

1  no. 000 

Mobile 

127 

56 

52 

108 

1 

28 

3 

8 

36 

5.277 

3 

451 

1 

46,600 

M't'y-Los  A 

275 

128 

80 

208 

1 

61 

1 

16 

43 

8,082 

8 

1,020 

3 

176,993 

Nashville .  . . 

52 

30 

■/8 

58 

1 

6 

25 

4,129 

y 

317 

1 

26,000 

Natchez .... 

49 
484 

42 
200 

69 
42 

111 
242 

1 
6 

4 
12 

36 
131 

5,318 
61,394 

2 
-15 

120 
1.474 

"4 

29,586 

Newark 

4 

111 

542,000 

Ogdensburg . 

147 
107 
187 
225 

92 

66 

122 

03 

87 
30 

77 

155 
153 
152 
234 

12 
2 
6 
8 

19 
40 
74 
76 

4,248 

5,320 

10.273 

13,600 

2 
1 
1 
1 

267 

65 

154 

144 

1 

■"i 

2 

98,000 

Oklahoma.  . 

3 

46.343 

Omaha 

72.840 

Peoria 

4 

116,000 

Pittsburgh . . 

565 

296 

67 

353 

3 

142 

3 

fi 

.180 

61,496 

4 

1,669 

3 

560,000 

Portland 

160 

238 

79 

82 
93 
37 

70 
20 
54 

152 

113 

91 

1 
3 
2 

11 

6 
4 

53 
41 
29 

16,470 

21,027 

4,759 

7 
4 
3 

490 

699 
159 

1 

134,371 

Providence. . 

275.000 

Richmond.  . 

42,600 

Rochester, . . 

219 

109 

43 

152 

2 

319 

2 

62 

22,983 

3 

508 

1 

173,543 

Rockf ord .  . . 

112 

76 

24 

100 

1 

31 

5,723 

1 

137 

2 

58,250 

•  Cardinal. 


Church  Membership  at  Large. 


809 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC  STATISTICS 

FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES.- 

-continued 

AKCH- 

uioceses, 
Dioceses, 

VlCAIlIATES- 

AroaTOLic. 

o. 
o 

s 

x: 
< 

. 
m 

o. 

o 
a 

m 

s 

p4 

(U 

o 

1 

§1 
|l 
ISO 

1 

6 
3 

o 
H 

a 

1 
m 

2 

a 

1. 

a>. 
o  o 
Offl 

S 
1 

-<!0 

5 

si 
11 

o<: 

U 

o 

s  . 
a? 

O  u 

ii 

il 

OP, 

Sacramento. 
St.  Augustine 
St.  Cloud . . . 
St.  Joseph... 
Salt  Lake... 
San  Antonio 
Savannah . . . 
Scranton.. . . 
Seattle 

69 

58 
154 

93 

25 
164 

65 
304 
139 
137 
129 

83 
376 

99 
151 
170 
228 

68 
109 
106 

58 
122 

45 
158 

48 
27 
97 
63 
18 
83 
22 

177 
77 

105 

103 
46 

183 
64 
96 
94 

133 
31 
65 
82 
30 
86 
23 

148 

55 
50 
35 

44 
14 
97 
34 
66 
65 
37 
88 
47 
28 
81 
38 
28 
65 
64 
69 
66 
19 
37 
39 
63 

103 

77 
132 

97 

32 
180 

56 
233 

1 

2 
1 
2 
1 
5 
2 
1 
3 
1 
1 
5 
2 

7 
12 
2 
4 
2 

16 
8 
3 
13 
1 
2 
5 
2 
1 
2 
3 
3 
6 
4 
3 
2 
2 
2 

11 

19 
33 
29 
3 
60 
17 
83 
29 
65 
31 
15 
69 
25 
31 
76 
49 
7 
26 
46 
14 
40 
16 
125 

2,340 

3,147 

6,789 

3,672 

510 

7,646 

3,807 

20,764 

5,002 

8,801 

4,829 

1,858 

31,436 

4,496 

13,076 

16,721 

16,403 

2,435 

4,291 

3.773 

4,499 

6,415 

984 

11.598 

2 

1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
5 
1 
4 
1 

140 

70 

90 

43 

51 

235 

327 

140 

351 

113 

1 
"i 

"i 

1 
1 
1 

55,000 

7 

60 

6 

61.000 
62.694 
43.000 
16,000 

115 

27 

165.440 

19,400 

278.000 

142 
142 
191 

93 
211 
145 
134 
122 
188 

95 
125 
148 

49 
122 

62 
211 

73,000 

Sioux  City . . 

63.000 

64,960 

Spokane .... 
Springfield . . 
Superior .... 
Syracuse. . . . 
Toledo 

2 
6 

1 
5 
2 
2 
1 
3 
1 
3 
1 
2 
2 

297 

128 
841 

57 
768 
410 
244 
100 
175 

30 
245 

66 

99 
162 

"5 

*  '  o 
2 

•I- 

109 

25,393 

332.450 

54.068 

161.463 

1 
1 
1 

1 

112,639 

Trenton . 

186,073 

Tucson 

Is 

93 

50,000 

Wheeling..  . 
Wichita    . 

66,382 

37,783 

Wilmington. 

38,000 

1 
.1 

68,600 

N.  Carolina. 
Rutheniant . 

14 

7,340 
500,000 

106 

* 

Total.  . 

20,477 

10,369 

6,448 

15,817 

7,238 

217 

677 

5,748 

1.593,407 

46,474 

17,416.303 

*  Cardln 

al. 

.1 

Greelv 

.  / 

CHURCH    MEMBERSHIP    AT    LARGE. 

ANGLICAN    COMMUNION. 


Communi- 
cants and 
Adherents. 

\ 

Communi- 
cants and 
Adherents. 

16,750,000 

750,000 

6,000,000 

United  States  and  Missions 

3,258.267 

Total 

British  Colonies,  Canada,  Australia,  etc. . 

26.768,267 

BAPTIST     COMMUNION — (Communicants  from  AmtHcan  Baptist  Year  Book.) 


America,  United  States,  Canada,  South 

America 

Europe 

Asia 


18,425,304 
1,852.956 

588,474 


Africa 

Australasia . 

Totals.  . . 


44,973 
90,504 


21,002.211 


CONGREGATION'AIi     COMMUNION — (Communicants  from  Congrenationul  Year  Book.) 


United  States,  Canada,  Missions. 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Australasia 


2,662,464 

1,480.134 

63.087 


Missions  in  Asia  and  Africa. 
Totals. 


148.887 


4.355,172 


LUTHERAN    COMMUNION — (All  items  from  Lenker's  statement  except  United  States.) 


United  States  (1916) 

Germany 

Scandinavia 

Ilnland  and  Poland 

Russia  (other  parts  than  Flnl'd  &  Pol'd) . 

Hungary 

Austria,  France,  Holland.  British  Isles. 


7,363,002 
40,000,000 
10,463,000 
3,460.000 
4.590,000 
1,310,000 
1,042,000 


Asia 

Oceania  (Australia,  New  Zealand,  etc.). 

South  America 

British  America 


Total. 


412.000 
431,000 
244,000 
770,000 
424,396 


70,509,398 


METHODIST 

COMMUNION.     - 

873,040 

6,267,605 

Total 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland  and  Missions.  . 

32,418,330i 

PRESBYTERIAN    AND    REFORMED    COMMUNION. 
(All  Items  except  first  from  Presbyterian  Year  Book.) 


United  States  (1916). 

Canada 

England  and  Wales. . 

Ireland 

Scotland 

Germany 

Holland 

Hungary 

Switzerland 


8,058,432 

943.457 

887,166 

310,077 

3,750.722 

6.000.000 

2,500,000 

3,000,000 

1,700,000 


France 

Other  countries  in  Europe. 

Africa 

Asia 

Australasia 

South  America 


Total . 


1,000.000 

1,050,000 

1.000,000 

600.000 

900.000 

100.000 


30.799,864 


810 


Roman  Catholic  Hierarchy  of  the  United  States. 


ROMAN    CATHOLIC    HIERARCHY    OF    THE    UNITED    STATES. 

(Revised  by  P.  J.  Kenedy  &  Sons,  Publishers  of  tiie  Official  Catholic  Directory,  New  Yorlt  City.) 

APOSTOLIC    DELEGATION. 
His  Excellency,  John  Bonzano,  Apostolic  Delegate,  1811  Biltmore  St,  Washington,  D.  C. 

ARCHBISHOPS. 


Cons. 

Baltimore,  Md James  Gibbons,  Cardinal . . .  1868 

Boston,  Mass W.  H.  O'Counell,  Cardinal .  .  1901 

c;hicago.  III George  W.  Mundelein 1909 

Cincinnati,  Oliio.  .  . .  Henry  Moeiler 1900 

Dubuque,  Iowa James  J.  Keane 1902 

Milwaukee,  Wis.  .  .  .Sebastian  G.  Mesamer 1892 

New  Orleans.  La ... .  John  W.  Shaw 1910 


New  Yorl:,  N.  Y Vacant. 

Portland,  Ore Ale.xandcr  Christie 

Philadelphia,  Pa. ...  D.  J.  Dougiierty 

St.  Louis,  Mo John  Joseph  Glennon. 

St.  Paul,  Minn Vacant. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  .E.  J.  Hanna 

Santa  Fe,  N.  Mex. .  .  J.  B.  Pitaval 


Cons. 


.1898 
.1903 
.1896 

.1912 
.1902 


Albany,  N.  Y Vacant. 

Alexandria,  La Cornelius  Van  de  Ven 1904 

Alton,  111 James  Ryan 1888 

Altoona,  Pa Eugene  A.  Garvey 1901 

Baker  City,  Ore Vacant. 

Baltimore,  Md O.  B.  Corrigan  (Auxiliary) ..  1909 

Baltimore,  Md T.  J.  Shahan  (Rector,  Cath- 
olic University) 1914 

Belmont,  N.  C Leo  Hald,  O.  S.  B 1888 

Belleville,  111 Henry  Althoff 1911 

Bismarck,  N.  Dak..  .Vincent  Wchrle,  O.  S.  B 1910 

Boise,  Idaho Daniel  M.  Gorman 1918 

Bo.ston,  Mass Joseph  G.Anderson(Auxiry)  1909 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y C.  E.  McDonnell 1892 

Buffalo,  N.  Y Vacant. 

Burlington,  Vt Joseph  J.  Rice 1910 

Charleston,  S.  C . .  . .  William  T.  Russell 1917 

Cheyenne,  Wyo P.  A.  McGovern 1912 

Chicago,  111 A.  J.  McGavlck 1899 

Cleveland,  Ohio lohn  P.  Farrelly 1909 

Columbus,  Ohio J.  J.  Hartley 1904 

Concordia,  Kan J.  P.  Cunningham 1898 

Corpus  ChristI,  Tex.  Paul  J.  Nussbaum,  C.  P 1913 

Covington,  Ky Ferdinand  Brossart 1915 

Crookston,  Minn.. .  . Timothy  Corbett 1910 

Dallas,  Tex Joseph  P.  Lynch 19I1 

Davenport,  Iowa. . .  .  James  Davis 1904 

Denver,  Col J,  Henry  Tlhen 1911 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. .  .  A.  Dowling 1912 

Detroit,  Mich M.J.  Gallagher 1915 

Detroit,  Mich Edward  D.  Kelly  (Auxil'y) .  1911 

Duluth,  Minn J.  T.  McNIcholaB,  O.  P 1918 

EI  Paso,  Tex A.J.  Schuler 1915 

Erie,  Pa John  E.  Filzmaurlce 1898 

Erie,  Pa J.  M.  Gannon  (Auxiliary) .  .  1918 

Fall  River,  Mass. .  . .  Daniel  F.  Feehan 1907 

Fargo,  N.  Dak James  O'Reilly 1910 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind. . .  .  Herman  J.  Alerding 1900 

Galveston,  Tex C.  E.  Byrne 1918 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich. Vacant. 

Great  Falls,  Mout. . .  M.  Lenihan 1904 

Green  Bay,  Wis ....  Paul  P.  Rhode 1908 

Harrisburg,  Pa P.  R.  McDevitt 1916 

Hartford,  Ct lohn  J.  Nilan 1910 

Helena,  Mont John  P.  Carroll in04 

Indianapolis,  Ind. .  .Joseph  Chartrand 1911 

Kansas  City,  Mo.  .  .Thon^as  Lillls 1901 

Kearney,  Neb J.  A.  Duffy 1913 

La  Crosse,  Wis James  Schwebach 1892 


BISHOPS. 
Cons 


Cons. 

Lafayette,  La. J.  B.  Jeanmard. . . ; ; 1918 

Lead  City.  S.  Dak .  .  .John  J.  Lawler 1910 

Leavenworth,  Kan,.  .John  Ward 1911 

Lincoln,  Neb C.  J.  O'ReiUy 1903 

Little  Rock,  Ark John  B.  Morris 1906 

Los  Angeles,  Cal ....  John  J.  Cantwell 1917 

Louisville,  Ky Denis  O'Donaghue 1900 

Manchester,  N.  H..  .  G.  A.  Guertin 1907 

Marquette,  Mich ,  .  .  Frederick  Els 1899 

Mobile,  Ala Edward  P.  Allen .......    .    1897 


Nashville.  Tenn. 

Natchez,  Mi,ss 

Newark,  N.  J 

New  Orleans,  La . . . 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  . 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. . 
Ogdensburg,  N.  Y. . 
Oklahoma,  Okla .  .  . 
Omaha,  Neb . 


Thomas  S.  Byrne 1894 

John  E.  Gunn 1911 

John  J.  O'Connor 1991 

J.  M.  Laval  (Auxiliary) 19II 

Patrick  J.  Hayes(Auxiliary).1914 

Henry  Gabriels 1892 

J.  H.  Cojiroy  (Auxiliary)... 1912 

Theophlle  Meersciiaert 1891 

J.  J.  Harty 1903 

Peoria,  111 Edmund  M.  Dunne 1909 

Philadelphia,  Pa.  .  .  .J.  J.  McCort  (Auxiliary) ...  1912 

Pittsburgh,  Pa J.  F.  Ri.gls  Canevin 1903 

Portland,  Me Louis  S.  Walsh 1906 

Providence,  R.  I M.  Harklns 1887 

Richmond,  Va D.  J.  O'Connel! 1908 

Rochester,  N.  Y Thos.  F.  Hickey 1905 

Rockford,  111 Peter  J.  Muldoon 1901 

St.  Augustine.  Fla..  .M.  J.  Curley 1914 

~      '"      "    ""  J.  F.  Biisch 1910 

M.  F.  Burke 1887 

Thomas  Grace 1896 

.J.  S.  Glass,  CM 1915 

Arthur  Drossaerts 1918 

1900 
1896 


St.  Cloud,  Minn. 
St.  Joseph,  Mo.  .  .  . 
Sacramento,  Cal   .  . 
Salt  Lake  C,  Utah. 
San  Antonio,  Tex . . 

Savannah.  Ga Benj.  J.  Keiley. 

Seattle,  Wash Edward  O'Dea. 


Scranton,  Pa M.J.  Tloban 1896 

Sioux  City,  lowa. . .  .Philip  J.  Garrigan 1902 

Sioux  Full?,  S.  Dak.. Thomas  O'Gorman 1896 

Spokane,  Wash A.  F.  Schinner 1905 

SprinRfleld,  Mass.  .    Thomas  D.  Beaven 1892 

Superior,  Wis T.  M.  Koudelka 1908 

Syracuse,  N.  Y John  Grimes 1909 

Toledo,  Ohio Joseph  Schrembs 1911 

Trenton,  N.  J Thomas  J.  Walsh 1918 

Tucson,  Ari? Henry  Gran jon 1900 

Wheeling,  W.  Va P.J.  Donahue 1894 

Wichita,  Kan J.  J.  Hennessy 1888 

Wilmington,  Del. . .  .John  J.  Monaghan 1897 

Winona,  Miun Patrick  R.  Heffron 1910 


COLLEGE  OF  CARDINALS. 
Pope  Benedict  XV.,  Giacomo  Delia  Chiesa,  born  1851;  year  of  accession 
CARDINAL   BISHOPS 


Name.        Office  or  Dignity.  Nation.  Aso 
Cassetta.  Fran- 
cesco  Pref.  Cong.  Coun. Italian 

De  Lai,  G Sec. Consls. Cong. Italian 

Vannutelll,  V..  .Pref.  Segnatura.. Italian 


Cons. 


..77.. .1899 
. .65.. .1907 
..82.  .  .1889' 
CARDINAL    PRIESTS. 


Name. 
Granito, 

Pignatelli . . . 
Vico,  Anthony 


1914;. 

Office  or  Dignity.  Nation.  Age. 
Italian. T.  67., 
Italian . . .  71 . . 


Bp.  .41bano 

Bp.  Porto  s.  Ru- 
nna 


Amette,  L.  A.. .  Abp.  Paris French. .  .68. .  .1911 

Andrleu,  P.  P.  .Abp.  Bordeaux.  .French. .  .69. . .  1907 
Arcoverde  de. .  .Abp.  Rio  Janeiro.  Brazilian.. 68. .  .  1905 

Ascaiesi Abp.  Benevento. 1916 

BaclUeri,  B.  .  .  .Bp.  Verona Italian.  ..76.  .  .1901 

Begin,  L.N Abp.  Quebec Canad'n..78. .  .1914 

Bello,  M Patriarch,  Lisb  .P't'guese..76. . .  1911 

Bogglanl Sec,  Holy  Office .55..  .1916 

Boschl,  Glullo.  .Abp.  Ferrara Italian .  .  .80. . .  1901 

Bourne, Francis.Abp.  Westm'ster.English.. ,  57. . .  1911 
Cagiano, 

de  Azeredo. . .  Chancellor Italian .  . .  73 . . .  1905 

CagUero,  John..(S.  S.  P.  S.) ItaUin.  ..80...  1915 

Cseruoch,  J Abp.  Strigonla. . .  Aus.-H. .. 66 ...  1914 

DeCosy  MachoAbp.fValladoUd.. Spanish.  .80. .  .1911 


De     Skrbensky, 

L. Abp.  Prague 

Dubois Abp.  Rouen. .  . . . 

Dubourg,  A. .  .Abp.  Rennes. . .  . 

Ferrari, Andrea. Abp.  Milan 

Franclca-Nava, 

G Abp.  Catania .  .  . 

Fruehwlrth,  A 

Gasparrl,  P . . . .  Sec.  of  State .  . . . 
Gibbons,  James. Abp.  Baltimore. . 
Guisasola,  y       Abp.Toledo, 

Menendez  V.     Spain , 

Gusmini, 

Giorgio Abp.  Bologna. . 

Harrera, MartlnAbp.  Compos 

de tella 


Austrian.. 55. . 

62.. 

76.. 

Italian . . .  68 . . 

Italian. .  .72. . 
Italian.  ..73.. 
Italian.  .  .66.. 
American  .84. . 


Cons. 
.1911 
.1911 


.1901 
.1916 
.1916 
.1894 

.1899 
.1915 
.1907 
.1886 

.1914 


Spanish.  .66. . 

... .,63... 1915 

Spanish..  83...  1897 


Protestant  Church  Heads  in  America. 

COLLEGE    OF   CARDINALS— Comi«M«d.        ~ 


811 


Name.        Office  or  Dignity 
LaFontaine,Pat- 

liarcli.  Venlce.Patriarcli Venice. 
Logue.  Mlchael.Abp.  Armagh. . , 

Lualdi,  A Abp.  Palermo. . . 

Lucon,  L.  H.  J. .Abp.  Rheims.. .  . 

Maffl,  P Abp.  Pisa 

IMarini Sec.  Holy  Signa- 
ture  

Martinelli,  S. . . Pref. Cong.  Rites, 

Maurin Abp.  Lyons 

Menendes, 

G.  V.  y Abp.  Toledo. .. 

Mercier,  D .  .  .  .Abp.  Mechlin. . 
MerrydelVal,R.Abp.  St.  Peter's 
MIstrangelo,  A  .Abp.  Florence. . 
Netto,  G.  Seb.  .Patriarch  Liab.* 
O'Connell,  Wm. 

H AbD.  Boston . . . 

Piin,  G Abp.  Vienna . . . 

Pompili,  B Bp.  Velletri.  . . . 

Priaco.Glusep'e.Abp.  Naples . . . 


Nation.  Age.  Cons. 

Italian.  ..58.  ..1916 

Irish 78...  1893 

Italian.  ..60.  ..1907 
French... 76. ..1907 
Italian . . .  60 . . .  1907 


1916 

.70... 1901 
1916 


.Italian . 


Billot.  L 

Bisleti,  C 

Maiini,  N 

Giorgi,  Orestes. 


Spanish... 63..  .1914 
Belgian...  67...  1907 
Spanish... 53.  ..1903 
Italian...  66...  1915 
P't'gue3e..74...1884 

American  .59. .  .1911 
Austrian.. 54. .  .1914 
Italian.  .  .55.  ..1911 
Italian. .  .82.  ..1896 
CARDINAL 
French... 72. . .1911 
Itolian.  ..62...  1911 
.Italian.  .  .75... 1916 
.Italian 1916 


Name.        Office  or  Dlctnity.  Nation.  Age 
Ranuzzi  dl  Di- 

auchi  Vlttorlo 

Amedeo Majordomo  Vat- 
ican   61 . 

Richelmy.Agos- 

tino Abp.  Turin Italian 

Rinaldini,  A Italian ...  74 

Santos,  E.  R.  y..Abp.  Seville Spanish , 

Sbarretti, 

Donato Assessor  Holy  See 

Scapinelli, 

Raffaele Nuncio  at  Vienna 

Seraflni,  D Tit.  Abp. 

Seleucia Italian . 

Tontl,  Giulio. .  .Nuncio  at  Lisbon 

Vico,  A Italian . 

Von    Bettinger, 

F Abp.  Munich., .  .German 

Von  Hartmann, 

F Abp.  Cologne. .  .German 

VanRossum.W Dutch.. 

DEACONS. 

Gasquct,  Aidan.Pres.  Vulg.  Com  .English. 

Giustini,  P Italian. 

Lega,  M Italian . 

*  Resigned. 


Cons. 


.1916 


.68. 
.74. 
.70. 

.1899 
.1907 
.1911 

.62.. 

.1916 

.60. 

.1915 

.66. 
.74. 
.70. 

.1914 
.1915 
.1911 

.67. 

.1914 

.66. 
.64. 

.1914 
.1911 

.72. 
.66. 
.58. 

.1914 
.1914 
.1914 

THE 


BISHOPS  OF 

RcstdcTicB 

♦John  H.  Vincent. . .  .Chicago.  Ill 1888 

♦James  M.  Thobum..Mi3S.  Bis.,  Meadville,  Pa.  .1888 

*Earl  Cranston Washington,  D.  C 1896 

♦Joseph  C.  Hartzell.  .Miss.  Bis.,  Blue  Ash.  Ohio. .1896 

♦John  W.  Hamilton.  .Washington.  D.  C 1900 

Frank  W.  Warne.  .  .  .Miss,  Bis.,  Luclcnow,  India. 1900 

Joseph  F.  Berry Philadelphia,  Pa 1904 

Wm.  F.  McDowell. . .  W.ishington,  D.  C 1904 

James  W.  Bashford .  . Petting,  China 1904 

William  Burt Buffalo,  N.  Y 1904 

Luther  B.  Wilson New  York  City,  N.  Y 1904 

♦Thomas  B.  Neely. .  .Philadelphia,  Pa 1904 

♦Isaiah  B.  Scott Miss.  Bis.,  Nashville,  Tenn.1904 

John  W.  Robinson.  .Miss.Bis., Bangalore,India.l904 
♦Men-iman  C.  Harris.  Miss.  Bis.,  Tokio,  Japan. .  .1904 

William  F.  Anderson. Cincinnati,  Ohio 1908 

John  L.  Nuelsen Zurich,  Switzerland 1908 

William  A.  Quayle. .  .St.  Louis,  Mo 1908 

Wilson  S.  Lewis Sioux  City,  Iowa 1908 

BISHOPS   OF   THE   METHODIST 

E.  R.  Hendrix Kansas  City,  Mo 1886 

J.  S.  Key Sherman,  Tex 1886 

Warren  A.  Candler.  .Atlanta,  Ga 1898 

H.  C.  Morrison Leesburg.  Fla 1898 

E.  E.  Hoss Nashville,  Tenn 1902 

James  Atkins Waynesville,  N.  C 1906 

Collins  Denny Richmond,  Va 1910 

W.  B.  Murrah Memphis,  Tenn 1910 

John  C.  Kilgo Charlotte,  N.  C 1910 

Walter  R.  Lambuth .  Oakdale,  Cal 1910 


METHODIST   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH. 
Elected.  Residence.  Elected. 

Edwin  H.  Hughes. .  .Maiden,  Mass 1908 

Frank  M.  Bristol ....  Chattanooga,  Tenn 1908 

Homer  C.  Stuntz Omaha,  Neb 1912 

Theo.  S.  Henderson . .  Detroit,  Mich 1912 

William  O.  Shepard  .  Wichita,  Kan 1912 

Francis  J.  McConnell.Denver,  Col 1912 

Frederick  D.  Leete. . .  Atlanta,  Ga 1912 

Richard  J.  Coolte.  .  .Athens,  Tenn .1912 

Wilber  P.  Thirkield.  .New  Orleans,  La 1912 

John  W.  Robinson. .  .Miss.  Bis.,  Bombay,  India.. 1912 

Herbert  Welch Seoul,  Korea 1916 

Thomas  Nicholson . . .  Chicago,  111 1916 

A.  W.  Leonard San  Francisco,  Cal 1916 

M.  S.  Hughes Portland,  Ore 1916 

W.  P.  Oldham Buenos  Ayres,  Argentina,  .1916 

C.  B.  Mitchell St.  Paul,  Minn 1916 

A.  P.  Camphor Miss.  Bis.,  Monrovia,  Lib. .1916 

E.  S.  Johnson Miss.Bis.,Umtalia,  R*a,S.A.1916 


♦  Retired. 
EPISCOPAL   CHURCH   SOUTH. 

R.  G.  Waterhouse. .  .Emory,  Va 1910 

Edwin  D.  Mouzon. .  .Dallas,  Tex 1910 

James  H.  McCoy Birmingham,  Ala 1910 

John  M.  Moore Na.shville,  Tenn 1918 

W.  P.  McMurry St.  Louis 1918 

U.  V.  W.  Darlington.HUntington,  W.  Va 1918 

H.  M.  Du  Bose San  Francisco 1918 

W.  N.  Ainsworth Austin,  Tex 1918 

James  Cannon,  Jr. . . San  Antonio,  Tex 1918 


The  Bishops  ol  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church  are:    J.  W.  Hood  (retired),  Fayettevllle. 
ri  ■  (-•   T>    Morrio   aoHaViiiriT   TM   r!  .  AlovQTirtAr  W^altpr.i.  New  York  Citv:  G.  W.  Clinton.  Charlotte.  N.  C: 


G.  L.  Black  well,  Philadelphia,  Pa,; 
Brace,  Charlotte,  N.  C;  W.  L.  Lee. 


J.  W.Alstork,  Montgomery,  Ala.;  J.  S.  Caldwell,  Philadelphia.  Pa 
A.  J.  Warner,  Charlotte,  N.  C;  L.  W.  Kyles,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  R.  B. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.;  G.  C.  Clement,  Louisville,  Ky. 

BISHOPS   OF   THE   AFRICAN   METHODIST   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH. 


Bishop  B.  T.  Tanner,  D.  D.,  2908  Diamond  Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (ineffective). 

Bishop  B.  F.  Lee,  D.  D.,  Wllbertorce,  Ohio. 

Bishop  Evans  Tyree,  D.  D.,  17  North  Hill  Street, 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

Bishop  C.  S.  Smith,  D.  D.,  35  East  Alexandrian 
Avenue,  Detroit,  Mich. 

Bishop  C.  T.  Shaffer,  D.  D.,  3742  Forest  Avenue, 
Chicago.  111.  „       „  ,  ,.  .J 

Bishop  L.  J.  Coppin,  D.  D.,  1913  Bainbndge 
Philadelphia^  Pa, 


Bishop  J.  S.  Flipper,  D.  D.,  401  Houston  Street, 
Atlanta,  Ga. 

Bishop  J.  A.  Johnson,  1412  N.  18th  St.,  Phila. 

Bishop    W,    H.    Heard,    1426    Rockland    Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Bishop   John   Hurst,    D.    D. 
Street,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Bishop  W.  D.   Chappelle,  D. 
Street,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

Bishop  Joshua  H.  Jones,  D.  D.,  Wilberforce,  Ohio. 

Bishop  James  M.  Connor,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Bishop  I.  N.  Ross,  D.D.,  Monrovia,  Liberia. 

Bishop  W.  W.  Beckett,  D.  D.,  Capetown,  S.  Africa. 


1808    McCullough 
1208  Harden 


Street, , ,  — 

Bishop  H.  B.  Parks,  D.  D.,  3312  Calumet  Av& 
nue,  Chicago,  III. 

The  Bishops  of  the  Colored  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  are:  L.  H.  Holsey ..Atlanta,  Ga^;  Isaac  Lane, 
(retired),  Jackson,  Tenn.;  R.  S.  Williams,  Augusta,  Ga.;  Ellas  Cottrell,  Holly  Springs,  Mim.;C.H.  PhjlUps, 
Nashville,  Tenn.;  M.  J.  Jamison,  (reth-ed)  Leigh,  Tex.;  R.  A.  Carter,  Atlanta,  Ga.;  N.  C.  Cleaves,  Mem- 
phis, Tenn.  BISHOPS  OF  THE   REFORMED   EPISCOPAL   CHURCH. 

Samuel  Fallows . ; Chicago.  lU.  I  Willard  Brewing .Toronto.  Can. 

Robert  L.  Rudolph New  York  City.  1  Arthur  L.  Pengelley Charleston,  S.  C. 

Archbishop  Platon  Rozhdeatvensky  of  North  America,  and  Bishop  Innocent,  of  Alaslta,  represent  the 
Greek  Orthodox  Church,  and  Archimandrite  Raphael.  New  Y'ork,  the  Syrian  Greek  Orthodox  Church. 


812 


The  World's  Religions, 


PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH.HEADS  IN  AMERICA. 


Alabama— Charles  M.  Beokwlth,  Montgomery. 

Alaska— Peter  Trimble  Rowe  (miss.),  Seattle,  Wash. 

Arizona — Julius  \V.  Atwood  (miss.),  Phoeni.x. 

Arkansas — James  R.  Winchester,  Little  Rock;  E.  W. 
Saphore,  Little  Rock. 

Calilornla — William  Ford  Nichols,  San  Fi'ancisco. 
Sacramento:  W.  H.  Moreland.  San  Joaquin:  L.  C. 
Sanford  (miss.),  Fresno.  Los  Angeles:  Joseph  H 
Johnson,  Pasadena. 

Colorado — I.  P.  Johnson,  Denver.  Western:  Frank 
Hale  Touret,  Grand  Junction. 

Connecticut — Chauncey  B.  Brewster,  Hartford. 
MiddletowTi:  E.  C.  Acheson,  Suffragan. 

Dakota,  North — J.  Pontz  Tyler  (miss.),  Fargo. 

Dakota,  South — H.  L.  Burleson,  Sioux  Falls. 

Dakota,  South — H.  L.  Burleson,  Sioux  Falls.  Sioux 
Falls:  W.  P.  Remington. 

Delaware — Frederick  J.  Kinsman,  Wilmington. 

District  of  Columbia — Alfred  Harding,  Washington. 

Florida — Edwin  Gardner  Weed,  Jacksonville.  South- 
ern: Cameron  Mann  (miss.),  Orlando. 

Georgia — Frederick  F.  Reese,  Savannah.  Atlanta: 
Henry  J.  Mikell. 

Idaho — James  B.  Funsten  (miss.),  Boise. 

Illinois — Cliarles  Palmerston  Anderson,  Chicago. 
Quincy:  M-  Edward  Fawcett.  Springlield:  G.  H. 
Sherwood,  Rock  Island.  Evanston:  S.  M.  Gris- 
wold. 

Indlana^ — Joseph  M.  Francis,  Indianapolis.  Michi- 
gan City:  John  H.  AVhite,  South  Bend. 

Iowa — Theodore  N.  Morrison,  Davenport.  Des 
Moines:  Harry  S.  Longley,  Suffragan. 

Kansas — James  Wise,  Topeka.    Salina:  John  G.  Sage. 

Kentucky — Charles  Edward  Woodcock,  Louisville. 
Lexington:  Lewis  W.  Burton. 

Louisiana — Davis  Sessums,  New  Orleans. 

Maine — Benjamin  Brewster,  Portland. 

Maryland — John  G.  Murray,  Baltimore.  Easton: 
William  Forbes  Adams.  Annapolis:  G.  M.  Wi!- 
liamB. 

Ma.ssachusetts — William  Lawrence,  Boston.  West- 
ern: Thomas  F.  Davies,  Springfield.  Boston: 
Samuel  G.  Babcock,  Suffragan. 

Mlchlgan-^Charles  David  Williams,  Detroit.  Mar- 
quette: R.  Le  R.  Harris.  Western:  J.  N.  McCor- 
mick.  Grand  Rapids. 

Minnesota — Frank  A.  IVIcEIwain,  Minneapolis. 
Duluth:  James  D.  Morrison. 

Mississippi — Theodore  D.  Bratton,  Jackson. 

Missouri — Daniel  Sylvester  Tuttle,  St.  Louis.  St. 
Louis:  F.  F.  Johnson,  Coadjutor.  Wept:  "Slgney 
C.  Partridge,  Kansas  City. 

Montana — William  F.  Faber,  Helena, 

Nebraska — Arthur  L.  Williams,  Omaha.  Western: 
George  A.  Beecher,  Hastings. 

Nevada — George  C.  Himtlng,  Reno. 

New  Hampshire — Edward  M.  Parker,  Concord. 

New  Mexico— F.  B.  Hcwden  (miss.),  Albuquerque. 

New  Jersey — Paul  Matthews,  Trenton.  Newark: 
Edwin  S.  Lines.  Newark:  Wilson  R.  Stcarley,  Co- 
adjutor. 

New  York — David  H.  Greer,  New  York  Citj'.    Yonk- 


ers:  Charles  S.  Burch,  Suffragan.    Central:  Charles 

Tyler  Olmsted.    Utica:    Charles   Fiske,   Syracuse. 

Western:   Vacant.     Albany:   Richard  H.   Nelson. 

Long  Island:  Frederick  Burgess,  Garden  City. 
North    Carolina — Joseph   Blout   Cheshire,    Raleigh. 

Raleigh:   H.   B.    Delauy.     East   Carolina:   T.   C. 

Darst,    Wilmington.      Asheville:    J.    M.    Hornei 

(miss.). 
North  Dakota — Jolm  P.  Tyler.  Fargo. 
Ohio — William  Andrew  Leonard,  Cleveland.    Toledo: 

Frank   Du   Moulin,  Coadjutor.     Southern:  .Hoyd 

Vincent,  Cincinnati. 
Oklahoma — -Theo.  P.  Thurston  (mi-^s.),  Muskogee. 
Oregon — Walter  Taylor  Sumnei',  Portland.    Ea.stern: 

R.  L.  Paddock  (miss.),  Hochl  River. 
Pennsylvania — P.     M.     Rhinelander.     Philadelphia. 

Philadelphia:    Thomas    J.    Garland,     Coadjutor. 

Pittsburgli:  Cortlandt  Whitehead     Bethlehoni:  E. 

Talbot,  South  Bethlehem.     HaiTishurg:  James  H. 

Darlington.    Erie:  Rogers  Israel. 
Rhode  Island— J.  De  W.  Pen-y,  Jr.,  Providence. 
South  Carolina — W.  A.  Guerry,  Charleston. 
South  Dakota^ — Hugh  L.  Burleson,  Sioax  Falls. 
Tennessee — Thomas  F.  Gailor,  Memphis.    Keching: 

E.  T.  Demby. 
Texas — George  Herbert  Kinsolving,  Austin.    Dr.llas: 

-Alexander  C.  Garrett;  H.  T.  Moore.   West:   James 

S.  Johnston,  Kerrville.    San  Antonio:    Williai.i  T. 

Capers,  Coadjutor.     North:     Edward  A.  Temple 

(miss.),  AmariUo.    Houston:  Clinton  S.  Quin. 
Utah — Paul  Jones  (miss.),  Salt  Lake  City. 
Vermont — Arthur  C.  A.  Hall,  Burlington.    Burling- 
ton: George  Y.  Bliss,  Coadjutor. 
Virginia — Robert  A.  Gibson,  Richmond.    William  C. 

Brown,    Coadjutor.     Southern:   A.   C.   Thomson, 

Poitsmouth.    Norfolk:  B.  D.  Tucker,  Coadjutor. 
West  Virginia — W.  L.  Gravatt,  Charleston. 
Wisconsin — V/illiam     Walter     Webb,     Milwr,uUee. 

Fond  du  Lac:  Reginald  H.  Weller. 
Washington — Olympia:    F.     W.     Keator,    Taroma. 

Spokane:  Herman  Page.  Seattle:  Rev.  Dr.  Howe. 
Wyoming — Nathaniel  S.  Thomas  (miss.),  Cheyenne. 
Africa — Liberia:  Vacant. 

Brazil — L.  L.  Kinsolving  (miss.),  Ciaxa,  Brazil. 
China — Frederick     R.     Graves     (miso.),     Shanshai. 

Hankow:   Logan  H.  Roots   (mii>s.).     Anking:   D. 

Trumbull  Huntington. 
Hayti — Charles  B.  Colmore. 

Panama  Canal  Zone — A.  W.  Knight,  Sewanee,  Tenn. 
Cuba — Hiram  R.  Hulse  (miss.) . 
Japan — John  McKlm  (miss.),  Tokio.    Kioto:  Henry 

St.  G.  Tucker  (miss.). 
Hawaiian  Islands — H.  B.  Restarick  (miss.),  Honolulu.  ■ 
Mexico — Henry  D.  Aves  (miss.). 

Philippine  Islands — Chas.  H.  Brent  (m.iss.),  Manila.  - 
Porto  Rico — Chas.  B.  Colmore  (miss.).  San  Juan. 
A.  R.  Graves,  late  Bishop  of  Kearney.  Coronado,  Cal. 
Arthur  S.  Lloyd,  Pres.  Bd.  of  Miss..  New  York  City. 
Wm.  M.  Brown,  late  Bishop  of  Arkansas,  Gallon,  O. 
William  C.  Gray,  late  Southern  Fiorklci,.  Nashville. 
Lemuel  H.  Wells,  late  Spokane.  Tacoma,  Wash. 
A.  W.  Knight,  late  Bishop  of  Cuba,  .-^ewanee,  Tenn.' 


THE    WORLD'S    RELIGIONS. 


Christians 

Confucianists  and  Taoists 

Mohammedans 

Hindus 

Animists 

Buddhists 

Roman  Catholic 

Eastern  Orthodox 


564,510,000 
300,830.000 
221,825,000 
210,540,000 
158,270,000 
138,031,00i) 


Shintoists.  . 

Jews 

Unclassified . 


Grand  total. 


25,000,000 
12,205,000 
15,280,000 


1,081,981,000 


272,860,000 
120,000,000 


Protestant. 
Total .  . . 


171,650,000 


564,510,000 


Europe 

Asia 

Africa 

N.  America. 


Roman     Eastern     Protes- 
CathoUc.  Orth'dox      tant. 


183,760,000 

.■1,500.000 

2,500,000 

36,700.000 


98,000,000 

17,200,000 

3.800,000 

1.000,000 


93,000,000 
6,000,000 
2,750,000 

65,000.000 


Jews. 


9,250,175 
500,000 
400,000 

2.000,000 


S.  America . 
Oceania 


Totals.  .  , 


Roman     Eastern      Protes- 
Cathollc.  Orth'dox      tant.         Jewa. 


36,200,000 
8,200,000 


272,860.000 


120,000.000 


400,000 
4,500,000 


171,650.000 


35.000 
25,000 


12,205,000 


Europe 

Asia 

Africa . : 

North  America. 


Christi- 
anity. 


374,760,000 

28,700,000 

9,0.50,000 

102,700,000 


Other 
Faiths. 


14,050.175 
863,500.000 
149,871,000 

10,235,000 


Totals. 


388,810,000 
892,200,000 
158,921,000 
112,935,000 


Christi- 
anity. 

Other 
Faiths. 

Totals. 

South  America . . . 
Oceania 

Totals 

36,600,000 
12.700,000 

1,400,000 
42,925,000 

38,000.000 
55.625,000 

564,510,000 

1.031.981,000 

1,646.491,000 

Printing  and  Publishing  in  the  United  States. 


81S 


l^rtutttifi  mitf  i$ui)UHinnQ  in  tJje  santteti  States, 

ALL  BRANCHES  COMBINED — 1914.     (By  the  United  States  Census  Bureau.) 


STATE. 


United  States . 

New  York 

Illinois 

Pennsylvania.  . . 
Massacliusetts .  . 

Ohio 

California 

Missouri 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Indiana 

Iowa 

New  Jersey 

Tennessee 

Nebraslta 

Connecticut .... 

Georgia 

Virginia 


No.  of 

Estab- 

liBU- 

ments 


33,471 

4,806 

2.722 

2.538 

1,344 

1,783 

1,543 

1,353 

1,113 

994 

922 

1,076 

732 

437 

692 

364 

441 

396 


Wage 
Earn- 
ers. 


272,092 

64,020 
32,838 
26,909 
18,170 
18,070 
8,759 
10.571 
8,166 
6,134 
6,140 
4,948 
5,433 
2,665 
2,413 
2,838 
2.476 
2,790 


Value   of 
Prod- 
ucts. 


Dollars. 
901,534,801 

257,268.67! 

112.833,427 

84,976,922 

56.195.811 

55.608.924 

34.774.879 

33,173,414 

24,953,324 

20,186,594 

17,116.746 

15,934.486 

14.083,011 

8.300,681 

7,835.653 

7,712.615 

7.575,931 

7.069,847 


-  Value 
Added  by 
Manu- 
facture. 


Dollars 
613,686,825 

188,353.768 
79,555,812 
57,498.445 
39,378,.580 
38,538,944 
25,065,995 
23,602,183 
17,455.196 
14,626,901 
12,098,041 
11,804,654 
9,831,942 
5,872,254 
5.591,543 
5,517.400 
5.603,577 
5.003,272 


State. 


Colorado 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Oregon 

Louisiana 

Rhode  Island . . . 

Alabama 

Oklahoma 

Maine 

Florida 

Utah 

West  Virginia . . . 
North  Dalcota.  . 

Arizona 

New  Mexico .... 

Wyoming 

Nevada 

AU  other  Statea. 


No.  of 
Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 


Wage 
Earn- 
ers. 


475 

2,173 

772 

2,818 

414 

3,028 

377 

1,556 

290 

1,405 

162 

1,515 

2«« 

1,346 

624 

1,619 

204 

1,772 

235 

1,220 

166 

872 

243 

1,218 

351 

752 

74 

335 

107 

258 

81 

183 

42 

161 

5.313 

26,521 

Value  of 
Prod- 
ucts. 


Dollars. 

7,027,420 

6,991,276 

6,983,581 

6,010.857 

4.316.948 

^.293.489 

4.121.251 

4.023.851 

3,716,855 

3,017,140 

2,780,009 

2,430,565 

2,220,217 

996,822 

577,936 

645,718 

473,042 

75,506,888 


Value 
Added  by 
Manu- 
facture. 


Dollars. 

5,050,252 

4,639,990 

5.018,689 

4,448,350 

3,255,162 

3.131.697 

3,104,352 

3,100,410 

2,506,462 

2.214,448 

1,899,791 

1,770,549 

1,765.211 

818,349 

484,271 

444,444 

375,047 

54,260,844 


In  1909  there  were  31,445  establishments  with  §588,345,709  capital. 


BOOK   AND   JOB— 1914. 

STATE. 

No.  of 

Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 

Wage 

Earn- 
ers. 

Value   of 
Prod- 
ucts. 

Value 
Added by 
Manu- 
facture. 

State. 

No.  Of 
Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 

Wage 
Earn- 
ers. 

Value  of 
Prod- 
ucts. 

Value 
Added by 
Manu- 
facture. 

lUnitefl  States.. 

New  Vork 

UUnois 

12,115 

2.369 
1,173 
1,200 
741 
772 
435 
631 
404 
258 

113.121 

25,800 
18,892 
10,139 
7,062 
7,978 
6,123 
3,172 
3,860 
2,901 

Dollars. 
307,330,861 

78,841,261 
54,625,954 
25.285.844 
20.245.246 
19.915,250 
12,434,192 
9,885,477 
9,380,560 
7.652,223 

Dollars. 
210,877,629 

58,166.132 
35.270.600 
16.070,029 
14,731,508 
13,004,041 
8,575,864 
7,032,190 
6,296,771 
5,541,263 

Indiana 

277 
197 
288 
359 
217 
182 
208 
165 
142 
124 

2,529 
2,284 
1,805 
1.698 
1.765 
1,303 
1.580 
1,453 
1.161 
1,312 

Dollars. 
6,237,228 
5,546,639 
4,711,163 
4,291.465 
4.239,861 
3,733,747 
3,505,751 
3,402,118 
2,961,955 
2,687.309 

Dollars 

4.207,745 

Maryland 

Texas 

3,532,894 
3.390,820 

New  Jersey 

Wisconsin 

Iowa 

2,679,518 

Pennsylvania 

Massachusetts.  .. 
Ohio 

2,586,675 
2,465,851 

Connecticut 

Virginia 

2,358,827 

Missouri 

California 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

2,214,504 

Tennessee 

Kentucky 

1,999,397 
1,810,152 

UNITED    STATES    RESTRICTS    BOOK   PUBLISHING. 


The  following  regulations,  ciutailing  book  pub- 
lishing, were  put  in  eSect  October  1,  1918,  by  the 
War  Industries  Board: 

First.  Beginning  October  1,  1918,  reduce  new 
titles  of  boolis  manufactured  in  this  country  25  per 
cent,  of  the  average  of  the  three-year  period  July  1. 
1915.  to  June  30,  1918.  In  the  case  of  a  publisher 
who  has  not  been  in  business  over  five  years,  the  re- 
duction in  titles  may  be  from  the  number  of  titles 
published  in  the  year  ending  June  30,  1918.  A  bona- 
flde  new  publisher  who  maintains  no  connection  with 
any  existing  publisher  may  apply  to  the  War  Indus- 
tries Board  for  registration  and  allotment  of  the  num- 
ber of  titles  to  be  published  in  his  first  year.  Books 
of  research  published  under  subsidy  or  war-service 
books  published  for  the  United  States  or  allied  Gov- 
ernments under  subsidy  are  to  be  excepted  from  this 
regulation.  .         ,  ^ 

Second.  Papers  are  to  be  reduced  in  weight  as 
follows:  (a)  Books  of  320  pages  or  over  to  be 
printed  on  50-pound  machine  finish  or  eggshell  or 
compound  supercalender.  Smaller  books  may  use  up 
to  60-pound  English  finish,  eggshell,  or  supercal- 
ender. (b)  Juvenile  and  toy  books:  Weights  to 
vary  in  accordance  with  the  number  of  pages  as  fol- 
lows: ^57  pages  or  over,  60-pound  machine  finish, 
or  eggshell,  or  supercalender;  256  pages  or  less,  70- 
pound  machine  finish,  or  eggshell,  or  supercalender; 
192  pages  or  less,  80-pound  machine  finish,  or  egg- 
shell, or  supercalender.  128  pages  or  less,  90-pound 
machine  finish,  or  eggshell  or  supercalender;  64 
pages  or  less,  100-pound  machine  finish  or  eggshell, 
or  supercalender.  Cover  stock  for  toy  books,  125 
pounds.  Weights  in  all  cases  based  on  25  by  38. 
(c)  '  Type  page:  With  a  100,000-word  book  of 
prose,  320  pages,  12mo.  size  (roughly  300  words  to  a 
page),  as  the  standai-d,  the  type  page  shall  scale  down 


to  a  minimum  of  150  words  to  a  page  lOr  a  prose 
book  of  20,000  words. 

Third.  Coated  paper  is  to  be  used  only  for  In- 
serts or  color  work  and  is  limited  to  25  by  38 — 80 
pounds. 

Fourth.  Ehminate  all  coated  paper  for  jackets 
and  circulars. 

Fifth.  Circulars:  No  new  circulars  to  be  issued 
exceeding  4  pages  in  length.  The  term  "circulars" 
here  used  means  a  description  of  one  book  or  group 
or  series  of  books.  No  circular  to  exceed  the  stand- 
ard trimmed  size  ot  8'A  by  11. 

Sixth.  All  shipment  of  books  "on  sale."  "on  con- 
signment." or  "protected"  shall  be  prohibited,  ex- 
cept that  In  any  case  where  a  traveUing  salesman  of 
a  publishing  house  has  been  unable  to  solicit  an  ad- 
vance order  for  any  particular  publication  (because 
of  time  limitation  between  the  receipt  of  the  manu- 
script and  the  publication  of  the  book),  then  the  pub- 
lisher may  ship  a  sample  order  "on  sale,"  but  such 
an  "on  sale"  shipment  to  either  of  the  large  Jobbers 
shall  in  no  case  be  in  excess  of  100  copies,  and  no 
such  "on  sale"  shipment  to  any  other  dealer  shall  be 
in  excess  of  5  copies. 

Seventh.  No  "on  sale"  shipment  shall  be  made 
for  display  or  any  other  purpose  except  as  stated  in 
previous  paragraph,  and  no  rebates  shall  be  made  for 
unsold  stock.  .  .  ,  . 

Eighth.  Standard  size  of  paper  shall  be  used  m 
printing  all  books  so  far  as  possible.  The  standard 
sizes  are:  Machine  finish  or  eggshell:  28  by  38, 
30>^  by  41,  33  by  44,  35  by  40,  38  by  56,  41  by  61. 
Super  and  coated:  25  by  38,  28  by  42,  30  J4  by  41, 
33  bv  44,  38  by  50,  41  by  01.  To  avoid  unnecessary 
wastage  of  paper  on  series  of  books  already  estab- 
lished special  sizes  may  be  made  on  orders  of  5  tons 
or  more. 


814     Printing  and  Pvhlishing  in  the  United  States — Continued. 


PERIODICALS.   ALL   CLASSES     INCLUDING    DAILIES. 


State. 


Unit.  States 

New  York 

Illinois 

Pennsylvania 

Obio 

Massachus'ts 
Missouri .... 
Tennessee . .  . 

Iowa 

Indiana. .... 
Minnesota. . . 

Maine 

California . . . 

Kansas 

Michigan 

Nebraslia. . .  . 

Texas 

Wisconsin . .  . 

Georgia 

Dlst.  of  Col . . 
New  .Jersey. . 
Washington.. 
Kentucky .  . . 

Virginia 

Colorado. . . . 


NU.VIBER.       1 

1914. 

1909. 

22.754 

22,141 

2.128 

1,953 

1.657 

1,682 

1,498 

1,520 

1,173 

1,181 

632 

537 

1,004 

1,003 

344 

330 

928 

1,004 

775 

799 

766 

758 

113 

130 

975 

854 

709 

736 

736 

747 

650 

623 

1,005 

962 

648 

677 

351 

357 

77 

67 

350 

348 

438 

369 

326 

339 

265 

258 

395 

382 

CmcuLAT'N  Pek  Issue. 


1914. 


205,594,907 

58,443,376 
25,101,616 
21,530,742 
15,707,597 
10,072,651 
9,098,333 
6,966,391 
4,856,573 
4.460,735 
4,333,613 
4,316,630 
4,086,078 
3,818,403 
3,627,929 
3,003,305 
2,833,082 
2,150,934 
1,709.343 
1,682,764 
1,509  137 
1,376,495 
1,250,043 
1,232,608 
1.176,604 


1909 


164,463,040 

43,953,617 
20,823,166 
19,674,336 
10,753,143 
9,636,182 
7,577,639 
5,601,541 
3,806,253 
2.856,173 
3,176,700 
4,262,579 
3,025,250 
2,703,594 
2,766,282 
2,303,151 
2,180,922 
2,121,662 
1,626,562 
1,107,790 
1,071,456 
1,068.554 
1.194,245 
1,019,968 
1,133.364 


STATE. 


Oklahoma. . . 
N.  Carolina.. 
Maryland.  .  . 

Oregon 

Alabama. . . . 
Connecticut.. 
Arkansas. . . . 
Louisiana.  .  . 
Montana. . .  . 
N.  Dakota.. . 
W.  Virginia. . 
S.  Dakota. . . 

Florida 

Utah 

S.  Carolina .  . 
Rhode  Island 
Mississippi .  . 

Idaho 

New  Hamp. . 
Delaware . . . . 
Vermont .... 
Wyoming.. . . 
New  Mexico. 

Arizona 

Nevada 


Number,     i 

1914. 

1904. 

596 

593 

269 

264 

182 

163 

289 

254 

222 

227 

148 

160 

306 

288 

217 

198 

248 

139 

341 

333 

207 

214 

381 

402 

189 

160 

121 

94 

140 

138 

53 

47 

218 

219 

167 

130 

83 

86 

39 

35 

77 

82 

88 

70 

111 

97 

76 

73 

43 

59 

CIRCULAT'N  PER  IS.SUE. 


1914. 


1,081,933 
1,059,311 
938,364 
917,846 
849,234 
611,685 
611,288 
541.803 
507,892 
457,595 
426,419 
416,671 
391,503 
376,962 
336.165 
333,696 
267.319 
202,721 
194,399 
164,873 
158,896 
139,059 
119,969 
111,064 
38,258 


1909. 


857.959 
789,191 
800,550 
735,363 
518,074 
539,765 
496,299 
511,689 
246.798 
372,642 
361,598 
485,101 
283,992 
261,937 
278,512 
254,-493 
315,731 
140,781 
209,063 
82,577 
161,031 
102,887 
87,526 
79,808 
45,544 


MONTHLIES,    INCLUDING    MAGAZINES— CIRCULATION   PER   ISSUE. 

State. 

1914. 

1904. 

State. 

1914. 

1904. 

State. 

1914. 

1904. 

Unit.  States. 

79,190,838 

64,306,155 

Kentucky. . . 

159,229 

142,550 

Ohio 

5,501,906 

2.006,287 

Maine 

4,059,797 

6,622,541 

Oregon 

108,850 

81,400 

Arkansas.  . . 

100,700 

45,330 

Mass'chus'ts 

2,153,439 

4,374,209 

Pen'sylvania 

6.046,975 

4,385,686 

California. . . 

1,122.367 

522,526 

Michigan. .  . 

1,428,889 

1.372.519 

Tennessee. . . 

875,688 

247,143 

Colorado .  .  . 

168.932 

348,815 

Minnesota. . 

1,122,249 

956.696 

Texas 

375,035 

211,929 

Dist.  of  Col. 

1,037,184 

414,530 

Missouri 

1,755,852 

3,365,168 

Virginia 

232,195 

167,448 

Georgia.  .  .  . 

276,066 

120,927 

New  Jersey . 

543,247 

336,129 

Washington. 

256,479 

118,491 

Illinois 

10,242,371 

6.344,791 

New  York .  . 

33,648,962 

28,217,126 

Wisconsin. . . 

267,130 

500,046 

Indiana.  .  .  . 

1,965,086 

1,288,928 

Nebraska. . . 

1,354,598 

399,444 

All  other 

Iowa 

2,256,097 

846,256 

N.  Carolina. 

104,510 

30,750 

States 

442,465 

519,065 

Kansas 

1.584,540 

319.425 

TOTAL   YEARLY    CIRCULATION,   ALL 

CLASSES. 

Issue. 

1914, 

1909. 

1904. 

Issue. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

Total 

Daily 

Sunday 

Tri-weekly 

14,041,921,066 

9,007,343,102 

856,957,036 

85,721.220 

11,591,353,613 

7,578,348,801 

694,058,664 

52,320,684 

9,887,416,245 

6,145,004,739 

625,161,732 

46,206,264 

Semi-weekly . . . 

Weekly 

Monthly 

QuarterJy 

All  other  classes 

258,297,416 

2,617.522,076 

950,290,056 

75,409,604 

190,380,556 

240,543,576 
2,122,794,180 

759,366,420 
64,232,396 
79,688,892 

305,496,256 
1,883,789,284 

771,673,860 
46,838,620 
63,245,490 

THE 

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE   PRESS. 

Language. 

NUMBER.                 1 

Language. 

NUMBER. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

Total 

22,754 

21,272 

1,482 

53 

22,141 

20,744 

1,397 

39 

21,848 

20,599 

1,249 

46 

German 

616 
127 

174 
237 
875 

692 
104 
161 
169 
232 

700 

Italian 

63 

English 

Scandinavian 

162 

Foreign  (includ.  for'n,  English) 

Letto-SIavlc 

128 

French 

All  other 

150 

QUARTERLY   PUBLICATIONS— CIRCULATION   PER   ISSUE. 


State. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

State. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

United  States.  . . 

18,853,901 

3,828,606 

1.361,467 

414,245 

16,058,099 

1,967,558 

1,401,844 

203,504 

11,709,655 

1,898,000 
445,581 
191,948 

New  York 

Ohio 

1,447,019 
2,874,657 
3,838,673 
4,497,800 
591,434 

2,437,289 
2,288,134 
3.516.933 
3,649.100 
593.737 

909,317 
2,169,200 

Illinois 

Pennsylvania 

Tennessee 

Ia)1  other  States 

3,758,107 

Massachusetts 

Missouri 

1,760,021 
577,481 

PUBLICATIONS   ISSUED  AT   "ALL  OTHER"   PERIODS— CIRCULATION   PER    ISSUE. 


State. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

1            State. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

United  States. , . 

8,922,684 

453,821 
.  209,830 
646,900 
259,690 
713,906 

4,093,874 

276,335 
110,010 
622.223 
311'.170 
280.796 

2,878,594 

133,643 
56,975 
396,003 
252,647 
149,555 

New  York 

Ohio 

3.319,141 

720,244 

448,317 

37,226 

5,031 

2,108,578 

662,819 

545,279 

82,134 

68,281 

6.950 

1,137.877 

179,515 
383,247 

IlliBols. 

Pennsylvania 

Texas 

154,225 

lowft . ■ .  .  ,  . 

16,400 

Massachusetts 

Virginia 

4,300 

Minnesota .......  i . 

Missouri ...... 

AU  other  States. . . . 

1,152,084 

PrinHng  and  Publishing  in  the  United  States— Continued.      815 


PRINTING   AND   PUBLISHING,   19l4r— Continued. 


State. 

No.  of 
Plants. 

Total  Value. 

Newspapers. 

PERIODICALS    (OTHER 
THAN  NEWSPAPEHa.) 

Books   and 
Pamphlets. 

Subscrip'ns 
and  Sales. 

Advertising . 

Subscrip'ns 
and  Sales. 

Advertis- 
ing. 

United  Stales 

Maine 

31,612 

197 
133 
HI 
1,296 
147 
340 

4,159 

681 

2.352 

1.685 

901 

2.538 

1,067 

789 

965 
1,058 
1,293 
351 
379 
689 
763 

54 
333 
141 
384 
239 
329 
166 
438 
235 

401 
426 
278 
219 

308 

277 

619 

1,182 

238 
173 

81 
466 
107 

74 
156 

42 

622 

363 

1.457 

$810,508,075 

3,617.102 
1,431,411 
1,242,944 
47,574,600 
4,189,423 
7,353,365 

220,226.643 
11.708,949 
77,889.307 

48.422.884 
16,431.259 
102,695,429 
22.440.081 
12,338,775 

19,583,099 
15,191,745 
30,670,748 
2,220.217 
2,135,580 
7,811,238 
6.866,617 

675.553 
9.810,774 
5,767,930 
6,513,856 
2,376,190 
3,232,174 
1,985,263 
7,470.364 
3.017.140 

6,226.527 
8,055.326 
3,992.105 
1,266,730 

2,350,989 

4,096.555 

4,005.581 

14.996,280 

2,794,587 
1,342,667 

545.718 
6.538.308 

577.936 

996.822 
2.579.312 

473,042 

9,505.137 

5,815,579 

31,458,214 

899,541.860 

480,858 
278,247 
212,872 

6,707,836 
527,058 

1,146,635 

19,359.680 
1.314.845 
8,396.630 

5,853,534 
2,562,070 
9,592,167 
2.749.080 
2,168,578 

2.662,070 
2.463,557 
4.494,956 
401,114 
437,675 
1,316,636 
1,296,080 

84,916 
1,001,946 
776,041 
762,228 
466,842 
724,165 
420,634 
1,319,275 
484,529 

896,103 

1,087,574 

726,175 

246,939 

502,104 

788,791 

678,592 

2,977,443 

595,799 
293,749 
100,122 
1,140,409 
113,784 
165,250 
544,740 
115,610 

1,658,812 
1.143,317 
6.303.793 

$184,047,106 

810,282 

421,486 

308,762 

10.739.339 

1.443.188 

2,171,792 

32,897.529 

3,925,199 

16,215,016 

11,903,213 
4,222,280 

16,363,738 
6,228,782 
2,893,502 

5,101,728 
4.541.917 
8,278,152 
784,492 
685,496 
2,332,506 
1,903,755 

253,336 

2,789,122 

1,808,751 

1,473,919 

811,426 

907,548 

676.337 

2,375,273 

1,273,868 

1,626,016 

1,994,522 

1,434,160 

456,842 

729,087 
1.367.731 
1.455.605 
5.330,292 

1,014,473 
499,953 
232,101 

2,239,266 
220.496 
425.180 
832,681 
172,169 

3,737,037 

2,018,131 

11.729,631 

$64,035,230 

550,779 

9,106 

14,507 

3,484,954 

17,040 

73,512 

29,747,145 

448,073 

8,108,703 

3,847.408 
864.727 

0,857.958 
665.978 
43&,634 

912,265 

766.-111 

1,444,509 

93,361 

45,627 

221.113 

562,823 

24,952 

67.339 

1,019.407 

217.690 

21,489 
155,104 

35,464 
296.351 

30.536 

199.379 

852.151 

113.020 

18,234 

51.207 

98.003 

86.407 

268,372 

16.341 
3.694 

16.971 
110.277 

11,228 
9.042 

78,548 

$71,585,505 

621.026 

11.412 

28,260 

2,455.904 

100.744 

72.716 

30.716,740 

152,276 

12.599,192 

3,225,013 
722,710 

8.974.993 
846.673 
664,720 

1.022.294 

.   1.167,756 

1.703,276 

10,884 

130,269 

464,752 

636,253 

5,648 

50.727 

299.095 

107,717 

9,811 

71,214 

14,516 

601,628 

44,718 

294,099 

297,323 

236.997 

11,658 

30,747 
199,036 
194.160 
475,267 

62.136 
6.365 

11.450 

129.673 

9,201 

12,207 

35,418 

S68.587.778 
40,045 

New  Hampsliirc 

Vermont 

6,770 
8,606 

Massachusetts      

6,951.808 

Rhode  Island 

110.969 

Connecticut 

351.304 

New  York 

36,323,314 

New  Jersey 

56.205 

Pennsylvania. . . 

6,088,741 

Ohio 

2,122.063 

Indiana 

711,941 

Illinois 

8,526,286 

Michigan 

458,711 

Wisconsin 

Minnesota. '. 

Iowa .... 

312,000 

2,001,699 
371,186 

Missouri 

1.108.146 

North  Dalsota 

307 

South  Dakota 

32.735 

Nebraska 

68,310 

Kansas 

24,746 

Delaware 

Maryland 

339,402 

District  of  Columbi.T  .  .  . 
Virginia - 

98,933 
256,026 

West  Virginia 

6,773 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

15,355 
12.666 
84,196 

Florida 

2.920 

Kentuclcy 

68.501 

Tennessee 

202,891 

Alabama .    . 

93,270 

Mississippi 

650 

Arkansas 

36,492 

Louisiana 

19,348 

Oklahoma 

33,464 

Texas 

258,217 

Montana 

20,643 

Idaho 

10,038 

Colorado 

83,814 

New  Mexico 

1,610 

Arizona 

2,995 

Utah 

60,337 

ICevarta 

Washington 

189,568 
185.479 
687.644 

317.454 

337.812 

1.391.575 

148.093 

Oregon 

41,034 

CaUfornia 

1,024,418 

In  addition,  printing  and  publishing,  etc., 
In  other  industries. 


BOOKS   AND   PAMPHLETS. 


Chakacteb. 


Total 

Biography,  correspondence. . 
Descript'n,  geog'phy,  travel . 

Domestic  and  rural 

Education 

Fiction 

Fine    arts,    including    illus- 
trated gift  books 

History 

Humor  and  satire 

Juvenile 


No.  Copies  Printed. 


1914. 


175,166,698 

617,662 

3,017,151 

1,500,226 

51,069,521 

39.598,501 

1,387.604 

2,458.912 

959.288 

16,399,881 


1909. 


161,361,844 

657,464 

4,540,647 

2,023,193 

41,636.847 

46,942,399 

2.849,371 

2,923,187 

885.262 

10,184,030 


CHARACTER. 


Law 

Literature,  collected  works . 

Medicine  and  hygiene 

Philosophy 

Physical,  mathemat'l  science 

Poetry  and  the  drama 

Political  and  social  science. . . 

Religion  and  theology 

Scientific,  similar  assoclat'ns 
Sports  and  amusements . . 

Useful  arts 

Works  of  reference 


No.  Copies  Printed. 


1914. 


1,701,602 
5,673,792 
2,337,312 
189,996 
1.752,826 
1.926,892 
1.807.042 

24.411,502 
1,279,427 
4.011.909 
2.133.267 

11,032.385 


1909. 


1.496,194 

6,037.972 

1.519.480 

265.077 

356,413 

1.980.824 

1.862.429 

23.608.230 

1.258.562 

2,430.074 

1.104.599 

7.799.590 


816     Printing  and  Publishing  in  the  United  States — Continued. 


NEWSPAPERS   IN 

BIG    CITIES— CIRCULATION    PER   DAY. 

Ciirr. 

NUMBER, 
MOENING 

Circulation, 

MORNING. 

Number, 
Evening. 

Circulation, 
Evening. 

NUMBER, 

Sunday. 

Circulation, 
Sunday. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

United  States 

Total  for  14  cities .  . 
New  York 

794 

161 

58 
18 
11 

7 
7 

I 
6 
5 
3 

15 
8 
4 
6 

637 

128 

37 
11 
12 
10 
6 

4 
7 
6 
3 
2 

18 
3 

4 
5 

11.692,368 

6,501.186 

2,393,961 
813,528 
797.813 
287.548 
709,878 

222,137 
183,322 
220,391 
124,801 
108,922 

274,647 

190,533 

72,366 

101,339 

7,843.565 

4,603,908 

1,394,196 
604, .584 
732,829 
318,403 
461,221 

93.917 

170.145 

261,949 

62.678 

71,940 

261,290 
39,750 
79,006 
52,000 

1,786 

149 

40 
22 
10 
4 
10 

6 

4 

10 
5 
8 

9 
5 
9 
7 

1,815 

139 

38 
23 
9 
5 
8 

9 
4 
5 
6 
9 

11 
2 

7 
3 

28.777,454 

14,086,250 

4,515,570 
2.048.002 
1.342.816 
614,338 
1,537,932 

577,284 
358,100 
56S610 
419,850 
382,456 

560,598 
395.687 
323,486 
444,521 

19,632,603 

10,686,074 

3,588,193 
1.584.187 
1,405,866 
565,716 
1,054,365 

349,058 
276.429 
466,024 
258,300 
285,114 

340.392 

82,503 

196,957 

232,970 

571 
121 

31 

20 

18 

6 

4 

4 
4 
6 
3 
5 

7 
4 
5 
4 

494 

120 

30 
16 

13 
7 
& 

4 
6 

7 
5 
6 

7 
2 
7 
5 

16.479,943 
10,008,865 

3,165,139 

1,454,637 

1  015,984 

677,320 

1,095.956 

280.195 
265,817 
410,054 
243,259 
253,678 

369,949 
298,755 
186,158 
291.964 

12,022,341 
8,062,959 
2,639,348 

Chicago 

1,344,071 

Philadelphia 

St.  Louis 

952,847 
611,405 

Boston 

835.046 

Cleveland 

137,281 

Baltimore 

184,500 

Pittsburgh 

Detroit 

307,526 
123,506 

BuHalo 

220,687 

San  Francisco 

Los  Angeles 

Milwaukee 

388,652 
65.000 
119,390 

Clncimiati 

133,700 

NUMBER 

OF 

DAILIES,    BY    STATES. 

State. 

Total. 

MORNING 

Evening. 

State. 

Total. 

Morning 

Evening- 

1914. 

1904. 

i9;4. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

United  States ..... 
Maine 

2,580 

15 
93 
12 
36 
23 

234 
46 

224 

181 

160 
184 
80 
66 

51 
68 
89 
34 
69 
28 

19 

32 

2,452 

17 

89 
13 
36 
24 

217 

55 
220 

190 
161 

192 
86 
65 

51 
66 
92 
31 
65 
25 

20 
31 

794 

7 

18 
2 
9 
5 

88 
13 
64 

44 
38 
47 
19 
12 

17 
18 
30 
11 
17 
9 

9 
13 

637 

6 
21 
3 
9 
5 

65 
13 
56 

38 
28 
36 
16 
10 

16 
15 
24 
10 
6 
6 

10 
14 

1,786 

8 
75 
10 
27 
18 

146 
33 
160 

137 
122 
137 
61 
54 

34 
50 
59 
23 
52 
19 

10 
19 

1,815 

11 

68 
10 
27 
19 

152 
42 
164 

152 
133 
156 

70 
55 

35 
51 
68 
21 
69 
19 

10 
17 

West  Virginia 

North  Carolina 

South  Carolina 

Georgia 

33 
29 
16 
29 
26 
14 

33 
17 
24 
17 

33 

19 

59 

107 

21 
44 
16 
11 

33 

43 
34 
178 

33 
30 
14 
26 

20 
9 

34 
17 
21 
14 

27 
25 
44 
87 

12 
42 
16 
9 

26 

29 
23 
148 

11 

12 

8 

12 

n 

8 

16 

8 
8 
5 

7 
7 
11 

35 

10 
18 
7 
3 

13 

17 
12 
68 

11 
10 
4 
11 
8 
3 

14 
8 
8 
3 

3 

7 

6 

18 

5 
13 
5 
3 

9 

10 
9 
62 

22 
17 

8 
17 
15 

6 

17 
9 
19 
12 

26 
12 

48 
72 

11 

26 
9 
8 

20 

26 

22 

110 

22 
20 
10 

Massachusetts 

15 

Rhode  Island 

Florida 

12 

Connecticut 

N.  Hamp..  Vermont.. 

Delaware,  Dist.  Col. 
Kentucky 

6 

New  York 

Tennessee 

9 

New  Jersey .... 

Alabama 

13 

Pennsylvania . 

MisslSiSippi 

11 

Ohio 

24 

Indiana 

18 

Illinois .... 

Oklahoma 

38 

Texas 

69 

Wlflconsin 

Montana 

7 

Minnesota 

Colorado 

V9 

Iowa 

Arizona 

U 

Missouri 

Nevada 

6 

Nebraska 

Kansas 

N.  Dak.,  S.  Dak 

MarylantI 

Idaho,  Wye,  N.  M., 
and  Utah 

Washington 

Oregon 

17 

19 
14 

Virginia 

California 

89 

CIRCULATION    OF   PERIODICALS,   BY    CLASSES. 


CHARACTER. 


Total . 


News,  politics,  family  reading . 
Agricultural,  horticultural,  dairy, 

stock  raising,  etc . 

College  and  school  periodicals. 
Commerce,     finance,    insurance, 

railroads,  etc 

Education  and  history 

Fraternal  organizations 

Gen'l  literature,  includ.  monthly 

and  quarterly  magazines 

Labor 

Law 

Medicine  and  surgery 

Reform  and  social  science 

Religious 

Science  and  mechanics 

Society,  art,  music,  fashion,  etc. . 

Trade  Journals  generally 

Miscellaneous 


ALL  PERIODICALS,  INCLUDING  DAILIES. 


Number. 


1914.  1904 


22,754 

17,574 

346 
303 

323 
231 
312 

284 
163 
65 
178 
179 
1,412 
135 
212 
873 
164 


21,848 

17,032 

360 
178 

364 
173 
450 

328 


81 
192 


1,287 

83 

155 

627 

538 


CiRcuLAT'N  Per  Issue 


1914. 


205,594,907 

69.533,556 

18,091,350 
353,755 

2,196,988 
2,533,833 
7,092,592 

38,495,435 

1,633.700 

76r571 

910,085 

2,900,574 

34,515,249 
1,683,381 

14,703,958 
9,284.145 
1,589,735 


1904. 


150,009,723 
53,355,893 


8,106.275 
248,240 

2.470,832 
2.119,797 
5,356,427 

30,615,577 


194.035 
1,054,948 


22,383.631 
525,523 

15,289.431 
3.428,596 
4,860,518 


Weeklies  Only. 


Number. 


1914.  1909 


1,379 


81 

88 

84 
18 
31 

56 
84 
22 
8 
42 

524 
20 
55 

227 
39 


1.194 


92 
65 

84 
14 
69 

52 


19 

7 


483 
23 
49 

195 
42 


CiRC.  Per  Issue. 


1914. 


28,486.357 


4,008,547 
94,249 

283,925 

1,043,466 

275,100 

7,701,592 
355,900 
54.565 
119,487 
286,081 
12,116,666 
275,157 
555.543 

1.104,976 
211.103 


1909. 


19,876,630 


2,351,368 
72,460 

340,819 
397,962 
454,930 

5,799,136 


47,843 
105,811 


8,544,673 
289,478 
269,945 

1,041,735 
160,470 


LaT)or  periodicals,  before  1914.  were  included  in  those  ol  fraternal  organizations; 
science  periodicals  were  counted  among  other  classes. 


reform  and  social 


Printing  and  Publishing  in  the  United  States— Continued.    817 


DAILY 

NEWSPAPERS   IN 

FOREIGN   LANGUAGES 

St^te 

NUUBEH. 

CIRC.  Per  Issue,  j 

State. 

Number 

CIRC.  Per  Issue. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

United  States 

160 

16 

25 

3 

6 

5 

127 

11 

20 

7 

3 

4 

2.598,827 

81,655 

343,688 

19,687 

26,547 

39.247 

1,215,892 

34,350 

200,180 

14,350 

11,232 

11.300 

Missouri 

3 

40 
12 

11 

6 

33 

5 
28 
11 

10 

8 

20 

41.512 

1,509.093 

130,965 

151,745 
106,801 
147.887 

"75,960 

557,956 

69,687 

New  York 

California......... 

Ohio 

IlllnoLs 

Pennsylvania 

Wisconsin 

Indiana 

112,127 
54  774 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

All  other  States 

73,976 

DAILY   NEWSPAPERS   IN   FOREIGN   LANGUAGES— Co/«i?Jwe<i. 


Foreign  Language  Dailies. 

Language. 

Number. 

Circulation  Per  Issue. 

Circulation  Per  Issue. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1909. 

1904. 

1914.      '      1909. 

1904. 

■    Totals 

160 

2 
8 
1 
5 
3 

127 

1 
6 

2.598.827 

1.786.281 

1,215,892 

4.239,426 

2,543,898 

2.976,995 

Arabic 

Bohemian. . . 

73.688 

52,143 

45,267 

75,874 

67,950 

67,014 

Bulgarian 

Chinese 

4 

16,569 

9.500 

8,800 

Croatian. 

44,000 

53,526 
f     51,800 
1     15,800 

75,157 
1,438,888 

30,715 
271,276 

7,000 
65,950 

}     42.850 

66.283 

1,668,369 

11.275 

219.475 

4,350 
50  325 

Danish 

Dutch    \ 

4 

12 
55 

4 
12 
10 

1 

1 

8 

75 

3 

7 
4 

39,036 

Finnish  J 

French 

52,660 
823,062 
103,245 
269,674 

39,961 

40,230 
753.116 

54,300 
160,300 

24.603 

47,872 

680,231 

21.700 

91.350 

9.500 

79  119 

German 

1,417,172 

Hungarian 

14  800 

Italian 

168,850 

Japanese ..^^ 

Lithuanian 

93,265 

173,200 

.   383,722 

19,100 

3,185 

173,974 

727,927 

157,500 

30,100 

207.676 

288,820 

14,050 

11,035 

82.235 

449,944 

91.160 

19  23^ 

Norwegian 

1 
6 

206.029 

Polish 

12 

207,380 

88,937 

49.616 

236  890 

Portuguese 

8,400 

Slovenian 

4,500 

Spanish 

8 

28,150 

3,400 

23  200 

Swedish 

462,909 

Yiddish 

io 

8 

"  762,9  io 

524,900 

226.156 

75,586 

The  list  of  weeklies  includes  2  Norwegian  and  Danish  combined,  2  Russian,  1  Ruthenian,  1  Serbianj 
1  Slavonic  not  specified,  4  Slovak,  and  1  Slovenian. 

FOREIGN-LANGUAGE   WEEKLIES.    BY    STATES. 


State. 

NU.\IBER. 

CiRC.  Per  IsatJB. 

State. 

Number. 

CiRC.  Per  Issue. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

United  States. . . . 
California 

868 

31 
17 
11 
93 

6 
35 
13 
11 

6 
35 
32 
45 
24 
33 

788 

29 

9 

11 

81 

20 

45 

8 

5 

9 

22 

34 

51 

24 

27 

4.239,426 

59,300 

52,175 

27.691 

981,137 

47,255 

105,850 

19,255 

10,061 

6,430 

133,742 

78,205 

349,430 

205,922 

236,471 

2.976,995 

42,642 
22,600 
27.741 

543,314 
27,490 
83,675 
11,830 
23,989 
19,970 
53,850 
75,280 

384,478 
71,500 

210,402 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

30 

18 

103 

16 

62 

3 

9 

79 

4 

7 

40 

8 

21 

53 

23 

26 
12 
71 
9 
60 

i 

64 
4 
9 

27 

12 

77 
27 

60,232 
21.405 

624.127 
33.773 

327.352 

1.700 

49.182 

368,862 
19,900 
31,208 
93.195 
9,400 
33.160 

211.312 
41.694 

60,490 

15,150 

380,450 

Colorado 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

16,480 

Connecticut 

298,365 

Illinois 

Oklahoma. .  / 

8,076 

Indiana 

Oregon 

24,000 

Iowa 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode  Island 

South  Dakota 

Texas 

182,289 

Kansas 

4,400 

Louisiana 

16,056 

Maryland 

48,342 

Massachusetts 

Utah 

7,050 

Michigan 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

30,290 

M  Innpsnta 

238,676 

Missouri ■. 

All  other  States 

48,130 

Nebraska 

ALL   OTHER    FOREIGN-LANGUAGE    PERIODICALS,    EXCEPT    DAILIES    AND    WEEKLIES. 


State. 

Number. 

CiRC.  Per  Issue. 

State. 

Number. 

Cmc.  Per  Issue. 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904." 

1914. 

1904. 

1914. 

1904. 

United  States 

376 

12 
45 
10 
11 
15 
15 

283 

6 
37 

8 
12 

6 
11 

3.609,735 

57.300 
448,462 

92,958 
122,144 
438,523 

46,509 

2,531,776 

8,050 
247,151 

30,990 
167,835 
104,352 

39.550 

Minnesota 

23 

28 
15 
62 
39 
29 
25 
47 

24 
14 
5 
58 
33 
20 
25 
24 

156.502 
338.737 
■   332.338 
487.045 
281.872 
420,564 
213.768 
173.013 

141.000 

Missouri 

112,116 

California 

Nebraska 

303,334 

Illinois 

New  York 

841,627 

Indiana 

Ohio 

■   222,442 

Iowa 

Pennsylvania 

Wisconsin 

68,918 

Mafisachusetts 

186,663 

Michigan 

AU  other  States 

67,749 

818 


The  French  Academy. 


NEWSPAPERS   AND 

PERIODICALS— 1914. 

Statk. 

No.  of 
Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 

Wage 

Earn- 
ers. 

Value  of 
Prod- 
ucts. 

Value 
Added  by 

Manu- 
facture. 

State. 

No.  or 
Estab- 
lish- 
ments. 

Wage 
Earn- 
ers. 

Value   of 
Prod- 
ucts. 

Value 
Added  b3 
Manu- 
facture. 

United  States . . 
New  York 

19,317 

1,717 
1,133 
1,330 
901 
456 
822 
851 
660 
705 
874 
892 
622 
572 
320 
402 
633 
572 
313 
282 
343 
134 

2i? 

131 

114,375 

20,089 
12,7.50 
9,021 
7,274 
6,032 
4,334 
4,279 
3,270 
2,942 
3,397 
2,830 
3,395 
2,848 
2,470 
1,302 
2.226 
1.592 
1,496 
1,440 
1,115 
1,136 
641 
945 
1,127 

Dollars. 
495.905,948 

137,753,860 
52,239,269 
47,026,681 
28,023,290 
26,719,398 
21,557,591 
18,034,624 
12,290,227 
11,927,078 
11,455,048 
10,263,4.57 
10,163,181 
8,098,914 
7,413,284 
6,856,299 
5,479,833 
5,433,415 
5,237,563 
5,077,180 
4,278,359 
4,260,487 
4,139,268 
4,126,752 
3,846,514 

Dollar:!. 
366,823,730 

102,491,273 
36,789,943 
36,685.766 
20.250.724 
18.270,235 
15.904,777 
13,058,831 
8,946,668 
8,685,303 
8,831,129 
7,604.650 
7,583,769 
5.733,445 
5,587,572 
5,254,016 
3,650,564 
4,210,600 
3,968,297 
3.755.764 
3.287,025 
3,063,648 
3,127,535 
3,148,152 
2,959,394 

Kentucky 

Oklahoma 

Virginia 

276 

542 

218 

98 

199 

184 

221 

161 

47 

238 

363 

270 

108 

331 

181 

122 

151 

196 

68 

61 

56 

102 

76 

34 

38 

1,303 
1,318 
969 
1,265 
831 
641 
784 
880 
529 
971 
722 
706 
536 
625 
846 
655 
425 
563 
448 
266 
354 
243 
170 
238 
136 

Dollars. 

3,534,218 

3,237,734 

3,094,585 

2,804,477 

2,771,502 

2,619,924 

2,460,911 

2,233,936 

2,183,284 

2,148,454 

1.909.019 

1.860,413 

1  817,421 

1,805,071 

1,729,075 

1,452,858 

1,156,543 

1,024,354 

944,658 

817,290 

734,385 

536,891 

497,624 

451,108 

387,541 

Dollars. 
2.718,347 
2,532,255 
2,469  163 

1  869,265 
2,115,323 

Illinois 

Alabama 

Louisiana 

Montana 

Florida 

Ohio 

2.032.899-' 

Maaaachusetls . . . 
California     .    . 

1,874.298 
1.700  317 

Missouri 

Micliigan 

Minnesota 

Iowa 

Rhode  Island 

North  Carolina... 

South  Dakota 

Arkansas 

Utah 

1.686.340 
1  680,995 
1.513.935 
1,379,134 

Texas 

1,306,677 

Indiana 

North  Dakota.  . . 

West  Virginia 

South  Carolina..  . 
Idaho 

1,488,258 

Wisconsin 

New  Jersey 

Washington 

Kansas 

1,280,758 

1,145,676 

894,562 

794,304 

Mississippi 

New  Hampshire. . 
Arizona 

Nebraslsa 

Georgia 

748,119 
685,896 

Tennessee 

Colorado 

Maryland 

Dist.  ol  Columbia 
Oregon 

Vermont 

New  Mexico 

Wyoming 

Delaware 

Nevada 

580.846 
448.686 
412.296 
311.056 
316.225 

Connecticut 

PERSONS   ENGAGED    IN 

THE   ENTIRE   INDUS 

JTRY. 

Class. 

Cen- 
sus 
Year. 

Total. 

Male, 

Fe- 
male. 

Ci,ass. 

Cen- 
sus 
Year. 

Total. 

Male. 

Fe- 
male. 

All  classes { 

Proprietors,  offlcialfl. .  | 

Proprietors  and/ 
firm  members. . .  1 

Salaried  ofHcere  of  / 
corporations. ...  I 

1914 
1909 

1914 
1909 

1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 

419.313 
388,406 

52,711 
49,332 

31.041 

30,424 
9,000 
7,265 

325,983 
301,681 

50,236 
47,351 

29,467 

29,130 

8,528 

6,952 

93,330 
86,785 

2,475 
1,981 

1,574 

1,294 

472 

313 

Superintendents        f 

and  managers . .  .  \ 

Clerks  &  oth.  subord.  1 

salaried  employees..  I 
Wage   earners    (aver-  r 

age  number) i. 

16  years  of  age  and  / 
over I 

Under  16  years  of  f 
age \ 

1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 

1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 

12.670 
11,643 
94,510 
80,700 
272,092 
258,434 

265,860 

252,101 

6,232 

6,333 

12,241 
11,269 
62,436 
54,905 
213,311 
199,425 

.208,053 

5194,175 

5,258 

5,250 

429 
374 
32,074 
25,795 
58,781 
59,009 

57,807 

57,926 

974 

'    1.083 

WAGE    EARNERS. 


Industry. 


Printing    and    publishing,    all 
branches 


Book  and  job 
Music 


Census  Average 
Year.    Number. 


1914 
1909 
1904 

1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 


272,092 
258,434 
219,087 

113,121 

108.687 

873 

738 


INUUSTRY. 


Newspaper  and  periodicals 

Bookbinding  and  blank-book 
making 

Engraving,  steel  and  copper  plate, 
including  plate  printing 

Lithographing 


ivxuoiv, ^      1909  738    ^^'i^'^b'^y'^e .  •  •  ■ 

THE    FRENCH    ACADEMY 

ELECTED  Names  of  Members.  Born.  electcd  Names  < 


Census  Average 
Year.   Number. 


1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 
1914 
1909 


114,375 

108,672 

21,693 

19,938 

6,859 

6,326 

15,171 

15,073 


ELECTOD  Names  of  Members. 


1886. 


1890... 


1891... 

1892... 
1894... 
1896... 


1897... 
1899... 
1899... 
1901... 
19D3... 
1903... 
1905... 
1906... 
190e. . . 


Othenin  P.  de  Cleron 
Comte  d"  Haus- 
sonvlUe 

Charles  Louis  de 
Saulces  de  Frey- 
cinet 

Louis  Marie  Ju'uen 
Vlaud  (Pierre  Loti) 

Ernest  Lavisse 

Paul  Bourget 

Jacques  Anatole  Thi- 
bault  (Anatole 
France) 

Gabriel  Hanotaux 

H.  L.  Emlle  Lavedan 

Paul  Deechanel 

Edmond  Rostand. . . 

Frederic  Masson. . . . 

Rene  Bazln 

Etienne  Lamy, 

A.F.  Joseph  Rlbot.. 

Maurice  Barres 


Gurcy,  1843. 

Foix,  1828. 

Rochefort,  1850. 
Nouvion,  1842. 
Amiens.  1852. 


Paris.  1844. 
Beaurevoir.  1853. 
Orleans,  1859. 
Brussels.  1856. 
Marseilles.  1868. 
Paris,  1847. 
Angers,  1853. 
Cize,  1845. 
St.  Omer,  1842. 
Charmes,  1862. 


1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1909. 
1909. 
1909. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1911. 
1912. 
1912. 
1914. 
1914. 
1914. 
1918. 
1918. 

1918. 
1918. 

1918. 


Maurice  Donnay. 

Jean  Richepln 

Raymond  Poincare. 

Eugene  Brieux 

Jean  Aicard 

Rene  Doumic 

Marcel  Prevost 

Mons.  Duchesne. . . 
Henri  de  Regnier .  . 

Denys  Cochin 

General  Lyautey. . . 
Emile  Boutroux .  .  .  , 

Alfred  Capus 

de  La  Gorce 

Bergson 

Marshal  Joffre 

Louis  Barthou 


Alfred      BaudriUart, 

Ferdinand  Foch. . .    . 

Georges  Clemenceau, 

Premier 


Bom. 


Paris,  1860. 
Medea,  Algeria,  1848. 
Bar-le-Duc,  1860. 
Paris,  1858. 
Toulon.  1848. 
Paris,  I860..  .    . 
Paris.  1862,     .' 
Saint-Servanj  1843. 
Honfleiir,  1864. 
Paris,  1851. 
Nancy,  1854.: 
Mon'uge  (Seine).  1846 
Ais-en-Prov.,  1857. 
Vannes,  1846. 
Paris,  1859. 
Rivesaltes,  1852. 
Oloron-Ste.   Marie, 

1862. 
Paris,  1859. 
Tarbes,  1851. 

Feole,  1841. 


Comparative  Wholesale  Prices  of  Commodities. 


819 


COMPARATIVE    WHOLESALE    PRICES    OF    COMMODITIES^ 

THE  following  data  from  "Bradstreet's  Journal"  show  ruling  i;rices  on  November  1,  for  commodities. 


.    COMMODITIES, 

1913. 

1914. 

1915. 

1916. 

1917. 

1918. 

FOODSTUFFS,    ETC. 

Wheat,  No.  2,  red  Winter,  in  elevator,  per  bush. 

$0.98 

SI. 215 

SI.  25 

SI. 85 

S2.25 

$2,365 

Corn  No.  2,  mixed,  in  elevator,  per  bush.  .  .  . 

.80 

.83 

.76 

1.15 

2.15 

1  80 

Oats,  No.  2,  mixed,  in  elevator,  per  bush 

Barley,  No.  2  (Milwaukee),  per  bush 

.445 

.53 

.415 

.5825 

.655 

.765 

.79 

.78 

.64 

1.23 

1.35 

1.03 

"Rvp   AVf^slTf^rn    r>pr  busli               

.70 

1.03 

1 .08 

1 .51 

1 .86 

1 .75 

"Flniir  sfraieht  Winter,  oer  barrel 

4   15 

5  10 

5  20 

8  25 

10.60 

10  40 

Beeves,  best,  native  steers  (Chic),  per  100  lbs. 

9.70 

10.90 

10.30 

11.65 

17.50 

19.60 

Shepn   nrime  fChlc  ")    oer  100  lbs 

5  15 

6  00 

6  50 

8  55 

13.00 

12.00 

Hogs,  prime  (Chic),  per  100  lbs 

8.00 

7.25 

7.50 

10.00 

17.35 

18.00 

"Milk  fMpw  Yorki    Der  auart     

.0605 

.0575 

.06 

.0725 

.10 

.13 

Eggs,  Sta-te,  fresh  (New  York) ,  per  dozen .... 

.38 

.34 

.35 

.42 

.50 

.65 

Rj^pf  familv  Oer  barrel 

19.00 
23.25 

24.00 
20.50 

18.00 
17.00 

25.00 
31.00 

33.00 
47.50 

39.00 

Pork,  new  mes.",  per  barrel 

40.00 

Bacon,  short  ribs,  smoked  (Chic),  per  lb 

.1250 

.1375 

.11875 

.10 

.30 

.2525 

Hams,  smoked,  per  lb 

.16 

.165 

.17 

.195 

.285 

.35 

Lard,  Western  steam,  per  lb 

.1070 

.1090 

.0915 

.1730 

.26 

.  2650 

Riittpr   «reamerv   State,  best.  Der  lb 

.32 

.335 

.2875 

.3675 

.445 

.595 

nhppsp   f^hoicp  East  factorv.  oer  lb 

155 

.15 

.1575 

.215 

.23 

.35 

Mackerel,  No.  1,  bays  (Boston),  per  barrel. . . 

22.00 

16.00 

21.00 

20.00 

30.00 

40.00 

Codfish   larep  dried,  oer  Quintal 

8  00 

8.00 

8.00 

8.50 

11.00 

14.00 

Coffee,  Rio,  No.  7,  per  lb 

.1075 

.06375 

.07 

.09625 

.0787 

.  10625 

Sugar,  granulated,  per  lb 

.0435 

.0540 

.0515 

.0750 

.0840 

.09 

Tea,  Formosa  Oolong,  superior,  per  lb 

.17 

.18 

.185 

.19 

.28 

.335 

Molasses,'  NQw  Orleans,  prime,  per  gallon .... 
Salt,  fine  domestic,  sacks,  224  pounds 

.35 

.50 

.40 

.40 

.53 

.67 

1.08 

1.08 

1.10 

1.23 

1.42 

1.85 

Rice,  domestic  good,  per  lb 

.065 

.0575 

.05875 

.0575 

.095 

.1025 

Beans  (New  York),  choice  marrow,  per  100  lbs. 

0.35 

6.00 

8.25 

11.75 

15.50 

12.00 

Peas,  choice  (New  York),  per  100  lbs 

3.00 

3.75 

.4.95 

8.00 

10.50 

7.50 

Potatoes,  Eastern,  per  180  lbs 

2.10 

1.50 

2.50 

5.50 

4.25 

3.00 

Annies  (Stated    Der  barrel 

2.50 

1.50 

2.. 50 

2.75 

2.50 

4.50 

Lemons,  choice,  per  box,  300s 

5.50 

3.50 

4.00 

7.25 

6.70 

S.50 

Raisins  laver.  oer  lb 

.0725 

.07 

.085 

.11 

.OS 

.0925 

HIDES,   LEATHER,   TEXTILES. 

N'fltivp  Rt,por  hidps   No   1    oer  lb 

1975 

2075 

.26 

.305 

.34 

.285 

Hemlock,  packer,  middleweight.  No.  1,  per  lb. 

.31 

.32 

.34 

.46 

.50 

.48 

Oottftn   midriline  uolands.  oer  lb 

.1410 

.0760 

.1195 

.1875 

.2875 

.2905 

Wool,  Ohio  &  Pa.  X,  washed  (Boston),  per  lb. 

.23 

.28 

.30 

.35 

.73 

.76 

Silk,  best  No.  1,  filature,  per  ib 

3.875 

2.85 

3.75 

5.20 

5.50 

6.90 

Print  pinth<i    fi4<;  ^Bostonl    Der  vard 

04 

03 

03625 

0575 

.0825 

1225 

Standard  sheetings  (Boston) ,  per  yard 

.0825 

.675 

.0750 

.115 

.1725 

.20875 

METALS,    COAL,    OILS. 

Irqn  oue.  ^d  ,r*Hge.  Bess'r,  hematite,  per  ton . 
Pig,  Not  Jv  f(iiniaVy,  Eastern  (N.Y.),  per  ton. 

4.40 

3.75 

3.75 

4.45 

5.95 

6.65 

16.13 

14.50 

16.75 

23.00 

35.25 

40.90 

SteelTjillets,  Bessemer  (Pittsburgh),  per  ton. . 

22.00 

19.50 

25.00 

50.00 

47.30 

47.60 

Steel  i-ft  Is,  Standard  (Pittsburgh),  per  ton 

28.00 

28.00 

28.00 

33.00 

38.00 

55.00 

Tin  plates,  American  (Pittsburgh),  per  100  lbs. 

3.40 

3.30 

3.10 

5.75 

7.75 

7.75 

Steel  beams  (Pittsburgh).  Der  ton 

27.00 

22.00 

26.00 

56.00 

67.20 

67.20 

Silver,  commercial  bars  (N.  Y.),  per  ounce.  .  . 

.59625 

.48125 

.49625 

.68125 

.88875- 

1.01125 

Copper,  Electrolytic  (N.  Y.),  per  lb 

.1650 

.1125 

.17875 

.2850 

.2350 

.26 

Lead,  pig.  Western  (New  York),  per  lb 

Tin,  pig,  spot  (New  York) ,  per  lb 

.043375 

.035 

.0490 

.07 

.0575 

.0805 

.40 

.2975 

. 35875 

.41875 

.66 

.76 

Quicksilver  (San  Fran.),  per  flask,  75  lbs 

38.50 

50.00 

95.00 

76.00 

100.00 

125.00 

Anthracite,  stove  sizes  (New  York),  per  ton. . 

5.25 

5.35 

5.35 

5.75 

6.175 

6.95 

Bituminous  (Pitts.),  f.  o.  b.  Chic.,  per  ton 

3.55 

3.55 

3.40     . 

7.00 

4.10 

4.70 

Connellsville  coke,  per  short  ton,  f .  o.  b 

1.90 

1.65 

2.60 

3.25 

6.00 

6.00 

Petroleum,  crude,  in  barrels  (N.Y.),  per  baiTel 

2.50 

1.45 

1.80 

2.60 

3.50 

4.00 

Petroleum,  refined,  in  cases,  per  gallon ... 

.0875 

.0875 

.0775 

,0835 

.0305 

.175 
.1975 

Cottonseed,  crude,  prime  (N.Y.),  per  lb 

.0694 

.05 

.0765 

.1250 

.1850 

NAVAL   STORES   AND    BUILDING   MATERIALS. 

Rosin,  good  strained  (Savannah),  per  ban-el.  . 

3.60 

3.50 

4.40 

6.15 

6.15 

14.10 

Turpentine,  machine,  reg.  (Savannah),  per  gal. 

.42 

.455 

..■iOS 

.455 

.495 

.645 

Tar,  regular  {Wilmington,  N.  C),  per  barrel. . . 

2.20 

2.25 

2.00 

2.60 

3.50 

4.00 

Brick,  iludson  River,  hard,  per  M 

6.00 

5.00 

6.50 

7.75 

8.00 

13.00 

Lime,  Eastern  common,. per  barrel .  .  .  .* 

.92 

.92 

1.20 

1.50 

1.90 

2.60 

Cement,  dom.'  (Portland),  spot,  per  barrel 

1.67 

1.67 

2.12 

3.20 

Nails,  wlre.'-ft-oin  store,  base  price,  per  keg... . 

\.m 

liSO* 

1.90 

3J0 

4.00 

4.75 

Glaes,  window,  10x15  per  box,  50  sq.  feet.  .  .  . 

2.14 

2.14 

2.10 

2 '57 

3.99 

6.55 

Pin&!  yellow,'  12  inches  and  under,  per  M 

25.00 

25.00 

26.50 

26.75 

40.00 

44.60 

Timber,  Eastern  spruce,  wide  random,  per  M 

24.00 

24.00 

24.00 

23.00 

28.00 

35.00 

•' .,  OHEMICALS   AND    MISC. 

Bicarbonate  soda,  American,  per  lb 

.0110 

.04 

.875 
2.50 
5.70 

.23 

.0110 

.0425 

.32 
2.64 
9.00 

.31 

.0110 
.0575 

1.00. 

2.60 

10.00 

.50 

.02 
.0775 
.55 
2.74 
11.50 
.47 

.0275 
.0775 
.48 
4.00 
30.00 
.75 

.04 

Bora,x,  crystals,'  per  lb 

.08 

CarbblfC'acid;  iji  bulk,  per  Ib 

.43 

Alcohol'  94'ber'cent .  ner  gallon 

4.91 

Opium,  per^lb  i' 

22.60 

Quinine^  domestic,  in  bulk,  per  ounce 

.90 

Tobapfco.  med.  leaf,  Burley  (Louisville),  per  lb. 

.0970 

.0852 

.0817 

.  1086 

.2032 

.44 

jpatipr.  npws  roll   oer  lb     .        

.0225 
1.05 

.0225 
1.05 

.0215 
1.35 

.045 
1.00 

.03 
1.30 

.0375 

Hay,  prime  (New  York),  per  100  lbs '...., 

1.75 

Cottonseed  (Houston),  per  ton  2,000  lbs 

22.00 

14.00 

36.00 

57.00 

74.00 

64.00 

DEATHS     IN     U.    S.     NAVY     FROM     "WAR     CAUSES,"     1,233.- 

Deaths  In  the  navy  from  "war  causes"  totalled  1,233,  Surgeon-General  Braisted  oa  Bovember  26, 
1918,  told  the  House  Naval  Committee.  No  figures  were  given  as  to  deaths  from  disease.  The  bodies 
of  virtually  all  navy  men  dying  In  foreign  service,  the  Surgeon-General  Said,  "h^ve  been  returned  home. 
He  added  there  were  15,000  patients  tn  naval  hospitals.  


820 


American  Insurance  Statistics. 


AMERICAN    INSURANCE    STATISTICS. 

LIFE  INSURANCE  IN  FORCE  IN  UNITED  STATES  SINCE  1850. 
(Compiled  by  Frederick  L.  HotCman,  Newark,  N.  J.) 


Year 
(Calendar). 

No.  of  Ordi- 
nary Policies 

Amount. 

No.  of  Indus- 
trial Policies. 

Amount. 

Total  No.  of 
Policies. 

Amount. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

t  Dollars. 

1850j(      

29.407 

60.000 

839.226 

685.531 

1.319.561 

68,614,189 

180,000,000 

2.262,847,000 

1,581,841,706 

3,620,057,439 

29.407 

60.000 

839.226 

922.205 

5.202.475 

68,614.189 

I860     

180,000.000 

1870 

236,674 
3,882.914 



■26.533.469 
428.789.342 

2,262,847.000 

1880 

1.602,.375,175 

1890 

4,048,846,787 

1898.... 

2.419.850 

5,714,964,251 

8.798.512 

1.110.078.702 

11,218,362 

6,825,042,953 

1899 

2.820.950 

6.481.154.483 

10.052.833 

1.293.329,995 

12,873,783 

7,774,484,478 

1900 

3.176,051 

7,093.152.380 

11,219.296 

1.468,928,342 

14,395,347 

8,562.080.722 

1901 

3,693,702 

7.952,989,395 
8,701,587.912 

12,337.019 

1,640,827.454 

16,030,721 

9.593.816.849 

1902 

4,160.088 

13.448.147 

1.806.894.473 

17,608,235 

10.508.482.385 

1903 

4.694.021 

9.593.008,148 

14,606,635 

1.978,241,009 

19,300,656 

11.571,249,157 

1904 

5.507.759 

10,412,078,338 

15,674,384 

2,135,859,103 

21,182,143 

12,547,937,441 

1905 

6,«21.417 

11,054,255,624 

16.872,583 

2,309,754,235 

22,494^000 

13,364,009,759 

1906 

5.792.956 

11,253,194,077 

17,841,396 

2,453,616,207 

23,634,352 

13,706.810,284 

1907 

5.945.780 

11,486,518.261 

18,849,357 

2,577,896,941 

24,795,137 

14,064,415,202 

1908,.... 

6.164.730 

11.850.032.581 

19,687,675 

2,668,919,696 

25,852,405 

14,518,952,277 

1909 

6.534.983 

12.513,125,180 

21,552,344 

2,967,596.031 

28,087,327 

15,480,721,211 

1910 

6,954.119 

13.227.213,168 

23,044,162 

3,179,489.541 

29,998,281 

16,406,702,709 

1911 

7.693.263 

14.578.989.903 

24,708,499 

3,423,790,536 

32,401,762 

18,002.780,439 

1912 

8,159.103 

15.555.901.171 

26,521,655 

3,684,054,893 

34,680,758 

19,239,956,064 

1913 

8.774.638 

16,587,378,943 

28,674,303 

3,933,219,429 

37,448,941 

20,520,598.372 

1914 

9.045.081 

17.425,501,137 

30,537,592 

4,140,151,191 

39,582,673 

21,565,652.328 

1915 

9.890.264 
10.698.452 

18,349,285,339 
19,868,270,425 

32,623,419 
34,997,474 

4,394,051,492 
4,767,759.910 

42,513,683 
45,695,926 

22,743,336,831 

1916 

24,636.030,335 

1917 

11,581.701 

21,965.594,232 

37,468,776 

5.151.096.538 

49,050,477 

27.116,690,770 

New  York  State  Life  Companies,  in  1917  had  outstanding  4.799.242  policies  (excluding  industrial) 
totalling  $8,477,793,516;  gross  assets,  82,988,577,163;  gross  liabiUties  (excluding  capital),  52.869,031.391. 

INCOME.  PAYMENTS,  ASSETS,  ETC.,  SINCE  1880. 


Year 
(Calendar). 

Total 
Income. 

Payments  to 
Policy  Holders 

Assot.s. 

Liabilities. 

Surplus. 

1880 

Dollars. 
80,537.990 
196,938,069 
325,452,134 
365,368,062 
400,603,257 
457,965,754 
604,527,705 
553,639,900 
699.081.882 
642.058.530 
667.185.592 
678,656.595 
703,930,149 
748,027,892 
781,011,249 
836,160,804 
893,391,717 
945,586,094 
985,037,362 
1,043,083.337 
1,117,860,328 
1,249,491,387 

Dollars. 
55,881,794 
90,007,819 
146,804,522 
159,987,686 
168,687,601 
192,398,489 
199,883,721 
225,842,072 
247,052.831 
264.968.883 
287,325.629 
309,696,977 
335,777,925 
360,730,904 
387.302,073 
414,268,448 
448,817,715 
469,588,123 
509,455,142 
544,705,320 
566,386,275 
590,183,247 

Dollars. 
452,680.651 
770,972,061 
1,462,651,318 
1,595,208,408 
1,742,414,173 
1,910,784,985 
2,091,822,851 
2.265.221.193 
2.498.960,968 
2,706,186,867 
2,924,2.53,848 
3,052,732,353 
3,380,294,090 
3,643,857.971 
3.875.877,059 
4.164.491.688 
4.409.292,521 
4,658,696,337 
4,935,252,793 
5,190,310,353 
6,536,607,483 
5,940,622,780 

Dollars. 

■  ■678.'68V369 
1,245,786,245 
1,365,873,943 
1.493,378,709 
1.640.289,306 
1,798,136,861 
1,978,823,571 
2,168,468,541 
2,372,573,020 
2,557,049,863 
2,736,329,746 
2,939,482,079 
3,170,492,711 
3,385,821,478 
3,645,906',544 
3,879,825,515 
4,136,361,869 
4,364,563,.505 
4,648,524,264 
4,966,580.921 
5,335.513.267 

Dollars- 

1890 

,  ;  92,290,752 
216,865,073 

1898 

1899 

229,334,465 

1900 

249,035,464 

1901 

270.495.679 

1902 

293.685.990 

1903 

286,397.622 

1904 

330.492,427 

1905 

333,613,847 

1906 

367,203,985 

1907 

316,402,607 

1908 

440,812,011 

1909 

473,365,260 

1910 

490,055,571 

1911 

518,585,144 

1912 

529,467,006 

1913. 

522,334,468 

1914 

570,689,288 

1915 

1916 

1917 

541.786.089 
570.026.562 
605.109,513 

New  Yoke  State  Life  Companies,  in  1917,  had  an  income  of  5554,976,015:  payments  to  policy  holders, 
.<5297, 136.588  (claims  paid.  3170,614.096:  lapses,  etc.,  policies,  $53,478,280:  dividends  to  policy  holders, 
S69.711.328;  supp.  contracts  wltn  policy  holders,  $3,332,884);  surplus.  $48,452,897. 

The  terminated  policies  of  New  York  State  Life  Companies  In  1917  totalled  325.650  ($609,682,148), 
of  which  45.734  ($98,811,927)  were  by  death.  24,467  ($42  400,122)  were  by  maturity,  23,328  ($64,020,488) 
were  by  expiry.  74,776  ($151,090,976)  were  by  surrender,  143,746  ($192,743,314)  were  by  lapse,  13,599 
($60,592,121)  were  by  decrease,  and  $23,200  represented  the  terminations  by  disability. 

The  terminated  policies  in  1917  of  all  life  companies  doing  business  in  new  york  STATii,  including 
the  New  York  State  companies,  totaled,  614,781  ($1,252,306,078),  of  which  85,048  ($188,805,687)  were 
by  death,  39.863  ($71,829,779)  were  by  maturity,  176  ($350,695)  were  by  disability,  84,873  ($143,853,166) 
were  by  expiry.  137.063  ($292,918,439)  were  by  surrender,  250,615  ($399,488,158)  were  by  lapse,  and 
17.143  ($155,060,154)  was  the  decrease. 

New  York  State  Life  Companies — Number  of  policies  In  force  January  1,  1918,  was  4,799.242,  a 
decrease  of  1,637  from  January  1,  1917;  amount  of  insurance  in  force  January  1,  1918,  was  $8,477,793,516, 
a  decrease  of  $3,149,886.  Of  the  policies  in  force,  3,029,905  ($5,870,087,597)  were  whole  life,  and  1,605,769 
($1,953,517,282)  were  endowment. 

INDUSTRIAL  RISKS. 

The  number  and  amount  of  the  so-called  indiustrial  life  policies  of  the  chief  companies  doing  business 
m  New  York  Stat«,  January  1,  1918,  were:  Metropolitan,  16,480,710  ($2,162,974,087):  Prudential,  14,- 
936,592  ($2,039,767,297):  John  Hancoclc,  2,897,163  ($525,764,060):  Colonial, -269,481  ($33,425,365):  Morris 
Plan  Society,  1,428  ($167,800).     Total— 34.585,374  ($4,762,098,609). 


British  Navy's  Loss,  39,766. 


821 


%0TUAL  Accident  and  S;ck  Benefit  Associations — (1916)  admitted  assets.  S8.621  572- 
claims,  $8,844,654;  certificates  in  force  (January  1,  1917),  1,730,035.  .       .       .       . 

FIRE  AND  MARINE  INSURANCE  IN  UNITED  STATES. 
^ (By  The  Spectator  Company,  New  York.  N.  Y.) 


paid  for 


Year 
(Calendar) . 


1890. 
1900. 
1901. 
1902. 
1903. 
1904. 
1905. 
1903. 
1907. 
1908. 
1909. 
1910. 
1911. 
1912. 
1913. 
1914. 
1915. 
1910. 
1917. 


Income  Stock 
and  Mutual 
Companies. 


Dollars. 
157.857,983 
198,312,577 
216,4.52,381 
239,468,206 
258,340,036 
278,340,036 
293,224,649 
3.50,285,740 
338,232,409 
334,490,040 
360,545,341 
381,545,814 
388  462,193 
406.338,104 
416,975,367 
430,873,256 
459,361,200 
535,753,022 
681,921,517 


Losses  Paid 

by  Stock  and 

Mutual 

Companies. 


Dollars. 
75,334,517 
108,307,171 
112,008,998 
113,147,727 
112,817,357 
151,264,900 
125,074,600 
276,795,627 
145,597,362 
165,489,578 
154,430,781 
166,789,763 
183,476,741 
188,081,546 
202,694,933 
224,639,583 
221,701,359 
244,812,685 
293,842,174 


Income 
Lloyd's  and 

Similar 
Companies. 


Dollars. 


2,972,800 
2,888,366 
3,337,939 
3,637,2,54 
4,298,640 
4,578,875 
4,719,072 
4,111,214 
4,504,793 
4,424,249 
4,623,320 
9,859,954 
12,634,377 
13,745,503 
14,002,857 


Losses  Paid 

by  Lloyds 

and  Similar 

Companies. 


Dollars 


1,057,238 
1,538,505 
1,371,417 
1,441,353 
1.616,001 
1,865,181 
1,938,834 
1,644,002 
1,440,809 
1,991,618 
2,102,110 
3,575,440 
4,469,546 
5,653,324 
5,867,957 


Total 

Income 

All 

Companies. 


Dollars. 
157,857,983 
198,312,577 
216,452,381 
239,468,206 
261,431,401 
281,228,402 
293,562,588 
353.922,994 
342,531.049 
339,068,915 
365,264,413 
385,657,028 
392,966,986 
410,760,353 
421,598,687 
440,733,210 
474,626,373 
550,010,315 
695,924,374 


Total  Pay- 
ments by  All 
Companies  to 
Policy  H'ders. 


Dollars. 
80,768,012 
116,753,281 
121,020,924 
123,332,012 
124,434,065 
165,658,558 
140.825,191 
293,649,192 
163,430,624 
185,163,126 
175,461,211 
189,143.020 
203,689,509 
207,915,120 
220,543,616 
244,387,590 
237,312,669 
267,518,465 
299,710,131 


The  last,  two  columns  include  operations  o{  the  United  States  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insiu-ance. 
CfeSUAXiTY   AND   SURETY   COMPANIES — (1916)   assets,   5642,621,480;   premium  receipts,   5199,062,007; 
payments  to  policy  holders,  589,370,067. 

Fraternal  Fihe  Insurance  Organizations— (1016)  assets,  R250,477,038:  paid  for  claims,  8107' 
635,627;' 'insui-ance  in  force  (January  1,  1916),  89,162,111,610;  certillcates  in  force  (January  1,  1917). 
8,674,996. 

Fire  Insurance  in  force  in  New  York  City,  January  1,  1918 — 84,000,000,000. 

Fire  Insurance  in  force  in  re.st  of  New  York  State,  January  1,  1918 — 52,500,000,000. 

Fire  Insurance  Companies  doing  business  in  New  York  Statk — Assets,  8896,728,088;  liabilities, 
exc.  capital,  8530,483,464;  capital,  5130,758,935;  surplus,  5258,855,633;    risks  m  force.  580.286,552.747. 

Marine  Insurance  Companies  operating  in  New  York  State — Assets,  580,877,947;  liabilities, 
exc.   capital.   542,432,072;   capital,  52,800,000;  surplus,  535,645,875;    risks  in  force,   51,336,411,649. 

Real  Estate  Title  and  Guarantee  Mortgage  Companies  in  New  York  State,  January  1.1918, 
had,  895,890,992  assets;  554,158,536,  liabilities,  excluding  capital  of  516,580,000;  and  525,152,455  surplus. 
In  1917  they  took  in  59,870,275.  and  paid  out  $10,639,208. 

fAfeEB^;  LiFii'AND  Accident  Insurance  Associations  in  New  York  State,  on  Janam'y  1,  1918, 
had\991,l'{?7,124  insurance  in  force,  and  assets  of  33,930,901.  They  took  in,  in  1917,  52,595,792,  and  paid 
out  S2;,;47'1;32S. ,    / 

.Casualty,  Credit,  Fidelity  and  Surety  Companies  in  New  York  State,  January  1,  1918.  had 
5282,012,279  assets;  of  which  510,338,033  was  real  estate,  512,500,211  was  bonds  and  mortgages,  and  5183,- 
837,975  was  bonds  and  stocks;  capital,  548,700,000;  net  surplus,  543,424,294. 

LOANS  ON  LIFE  POLICIES,  1917. 
The  total  loans  on  life  policies,  to  policy  holders,  in  1917,  by  life  companies  doing  business  in  New 
York  State,  amoimted  to  5711,364,080,  of  which  5405,625,237  was  by  New  York  State  companies,  and 
$305,738,842  was  by  life  insurance  companies  of  other  states.  The  loans  by  the  big  life  companies  were: 
EQuitable,  $92,436,489;  Metropolitan,  547,552,218;  Mutual,  588,170,555;  New  York,  5155,628,198;  Mutual 
Benefit,   $39,642,904;   N.   W.  Mutual,  357,309,027:  Penn  Mutual,   525,447,603;  Prudential,  538,928,610. 

FRATERNAL  ORDERS. 

On  January  1,  1918,  the  insurance  in  force  in  fraternal  orders  doing  business  In  New  York  State  was 
56,521,108,701;  assets,  5211,410,406;  llabiUties,  575,641,379;  income  in  1917  was  5103,383,187;  disburse- 
ments-In  1917  were  587,666,922. 

■  vRii^.^sets,  income,  and  amount  of  Insurance  risks  undertaken  by  the  ten  largest  fraternal  orders  doing 
budip^'Jti  New  York  State  are  shown  below. 


■  OfesANMA-TION. 


Modi  Wldnieji  Am.,  Ill . 
W'dmen  of  World,  Neb. 
Order  of  .United  Comm. 
■Tlii'f?bf  Amer.,  O.  . 
Rflyal  N'ita-3  of  Am.,  Dl . 
Mac'cq^>ei?y  A^ich. ... . . 


Assets 

Jan.  1, 

1918. 


Dollars. 
16,114,502 
35,236,695 

886,496 

3,495.897 

22,841.306 


Income 

in 

1917. 


Dollars. 

17,112,583 
14,927,803 

1,027,192 
2,806,705 
7,082,974 


Ins.  in 

Force 

Jan.  1,  1918 


Dollars. 
1,638  „S99,500 
1,122,930,200 

383,095,000 
352.911.250 
359.824,638 


Organization. 


Trav.  Pro.  As.  Am.,^Io 
B'h'd  Am.  Y'men,  la.. 
RoyaJ  Arcanum,  Mass . 
Foresters,Ind.Or.,Can. . 
Woodmen  Circle,  Neb . 


Assets 

Jan.  1, 

1918. 


Dollars. 
313,211 

4,556,843 

5,297,006 

48,700,994 

6,673,443 


Income 

In 

1917. 


Dollars. 
568,463 
3,121,976 
8,171,648 
14,654,661 
2,479,499 


Ins.  in 

Force 

Jan.  1, 1918 


Dollars. 

326  005,000 

313,777.000 

246,382,162 

175,786,918 

183,307,900 


The  total  liabilities  of  all  the  fraternal  orders  doing  business  in  New  York  State,  January  1,  1918,  were 
$75,641,379,  of  which  the  Foresters,  Independent  Order,  had  547,712,775;  Knights  of  Pythias,  endow- 
ment rank,  Ind.,  58,463,653,  and  the  French  Canadian  Artisans  Society  (Canada),  $3,281,797. 


BRITISH     NAVY'S     LOSS,     39,766. 

THE  British  naval  casualties  from  the  outbreak  of  the  war  to  November  11  numbered  39,766,  the 
Admiralty  announced  November  26,  1918.  These  were  divided  as  follows:  Killed  or  died  of  wounds — 
OfHcers,  2,466;  men,  30,895.  Wounded,  missing  or  prisoners — Officers,  1,042;  men.  5.363.  In  addition^ 
14,661  officers  and  men  of  British  merchant  vessels  and  fishing  boats  lost  their  lives  by  enemy  action  while 
pursuing  their  ordinary  vocation,  and  3,295  were  taken  prisoner. 


822 


Big  Brother  Movement. 


AMERICAN 

EXPERIENCE    TABLE 

OF    MORTALITY. 

Num- 

Num- 
ber 
Dying. 

Death 

Av. 

Num- 

Num- 
ber 
Dying. 

Death 

Av. 

Num- 

Num- 
ber 
Dying. 

Death 

Av. 

AGE 

ber 
Liv- 
ing. 

Rate 
Per 

1,000. 

Future 

Life., 

In  Yrs. 

AGE 

ber 
Liv- 
ing. 

Rate 
Per 

1,000. 

Future 

Life., 

in  Yrs. 

Age 

ber 
Liv- 
ing. 

Rate 
Per 

1,000. 

Future 

Life., 

in  Yra. 

10 

10,000.0 

74.9 

7.490 

48.72 

39 

7,886.2 

75.6 

9.586 

28.90 

68 

4,313.3 

224  .3 

52.002 

9.47 

11 

9,925.1 

74.6 

7.516 

48.08 

40 

7,810.6 

76.5 

9.794 

28.18 

69 

4,089.0 

232.1 

56.762 

8.97 

12 

9,850.5 

74.3 

7.543 

47.45 

41 

7,734.1 

77.4 

10.008 

27.45 

70 

3,856.9 

239.1 

61.993 

8.48 

13 

9,776.2 

74.0 

7.569 

46.80 

43 

7,656.7 

78.5 

10.252 

26.72 

71 

3,617.8 

244.8 

67.665 

8.00 

14 

9,702.2 

73.7 

7.596 

46.16 

43 

7,578.2 

79.7 

10.517 

26.00 

72 

3,373.0 

248.7 

73.733 

7.55 

15 

9,628.5 

73.5 

7.634 

45.50 

44 

7,498.5 

81.2 

10.829 

25.27 

73 

3,124.3 

250.5 

80.178 

7.11 

16 

9,555.0 

73.2 

7.661 

44.85 

45 

7,417.3 

82.8 

11.163 

24.54 

74 

2,873.8 

250.1 

87.028 

6.68 

17 

9,481.8 

72.9 

7. 638 

44.19 

46 

7,334.5 

84.8 

11.562 

23.81 

75 

2,623.7 

247.6 

94.371 

6.27 

18 

9,408.9 

72.7 

7.727 

43.53 

47 

7,249.7 

87.0 

12.000 

23.08 

76 

2,376.1 

243.1 

102.311 

5.88 

19 

9,336,3 

72.5 

7.765 

42.87 

48 

7,162.7 

89.6 

12.609 

22.36 

77 

2,133.0 

236.9 

111.064 

5.49 

20 

9,263.7 

72.3 

7.805 

42.20 

49 

7,073.1 

92.7 

13.106 

21.63 

78 

1,896.1 

229.1 

120.827 

5.11 

21 

9,191.4 

72.2 

7.855 

41.53 

50 

6,980.4 

96.2 

13.781 

20.91 

79 

1,667.0 

219.6 

131.734 

4.74 

22 

9,119.2 

72.1 

7.906 

40.85 

51 

6,884.2 

100.1 

14.541 

20.20 

80 

1,447.4 

209.1 

144.466 

4.39 

23 

9,047.1 

72.0 

7.958 

40.17 

52 

6,784.1 

104.4 

15.389 

19.49 

81 

1.238.3 

196.4 

158.605 

4.05 

24 

8,975.1 

71.9 

8,011 

39.49 

63 

6,679.7 

109.1 

16.333 

18.79 

82 

1,041.9 

181.6 

174.297 

3.71 

25 

8.903.2 

71.8 

8.065 

38.81 

54 

6,570.6 

114.3 

17.396 

18.09 

83 

860.3 

164.8 

191.561 

3.39 

26 

8,831.4 

71.8 

8.130 

38.12 

55 

6,456.3 

119.9 

18.571 

17.40 

84 

695.5 

147.0 

211.359 

3.08 

27 

8,759.6 

71.8 

8.197 

37  .43 

56 

6.336.4 

126.0 

19.885 

16.72 

85 

548.5 

129.2 

235.552 

2.77 

28 

8,687.8 

71.8 

8.264 

36.73 

57 

6,210.4 

132.5 

21.335 

16.05 

86 

419.3 

111.4 

265.681 

2.47 

29 

8,616.0 

71.9 

8.345 

36.03 

58 

6,077.9 

139.4 

22.936 

15.39 

87 

307.9 

93.3 

303.020 

2.18 

30 

8,544.1 

72.0 

8.427 

35.33 

59 

5,938.5 

146.8 

24.720 

14.74 

88 

214.6 

74.4 

346.692 

1.91 

31 

8,472.1 

72.1 

8.510 

34.63 

60 

5,791.7 

154.6 

26.693 

14.10 

89 

140.? 

55.5 

395.863 

1.66 

32 

8,400.0 

72.3 

8.607 

33.92 

61 

5,637.1 

162.8 

28.880 

13.47 

90 

84.7 

38.5 

454.545 

1.42 

33 

8,327.7 

72.6 

8.718 

33.21 

62 

5,474.3 

171.3 

31.292 

12.86 

91 

46.i 

24.6 

532.466 

1.19 

34 

8,255.1 

72.9 

8.831 

32.50 

63 

5,303.0 

180.0 

33.943 

12.26 

92 

21. t 

13.7 

634.259 

.98 

35 

8,182.2 

73.2 

8.946 

31.78 

61 

5,123.0 

188.9 

36.873 

11.67 

93 

7.9 

5.8 

734.177 

.80 

36 

8,109.0 

73.7 

9.089 

31.07 

65 

4,934.1 

198.0 

40.129 

11.10 

94 

2.1 

•     1.8 

857.143 

.64 

37 

8.035.3 

74.2 

9.234 

30.33 

66 

4,736.1 

207.0 

43.707 

10.51 

95 

.3 

.3 

1000.000 

.50 

38 

7.961.1 

74.9 

9.408 

29.63 

67 

4,529.1 

213.8 

47.647 

10.00 

Average  Future  Lifetime  is  sometimes  called  "Expectation  of  Life." 


ACTUARIES'    OR    COMBINED    EXPERIENCE    TABLE 

OF    MORTALITY 

• 

Age 

Num- 
ber 
Liv- 
ing. 

Num- 
ber 
Dying. 

Death 
Rate. 

Ex- 
pect, of 

Life, 
Years. 

AGE 

Num- 
ber 
Liv- 
ing. 

Num- 
ber 
Dying. 

Death 
Rate. 

Ex- 
pect, of 

Life, 
Years. 

AGE 

Num- 
ber 
Liv- 
ing. 

Num- 
ber 
Dying. 

Death 
Rate. 

Ex- 
pect.Of 

Life. 
Years. 

10 

100.000 

676 

.006760 

48.36 

40 

78653 

815 

.010362 

27.28 

70 

35837 

2327 

.064933 

8.54 

U 

99324 

674 

.006786 

47.68 

41 

77838 

826 

.010612 

20.56 

71 

33510 

2351 

.070158 

8.10 

12 

98650 

672 

.006812 

47.01 

42 

77012 

839 

.010894 

25.84 

72 

31159 

2362 

.075803 

7.67 

13 

97978 

671 

.006848 

46.33 

43 

76173 

857 

.011251 

25.12 

73 

28797 

2358 

v081884 

,   7.26 

14 

97307 

671 

.006896 

45.64 

44 

75316 

881 

.011697 

24.40 

74 

26439 

2339 

.088468 

6.86 

15 

96636 

671 

.006944 

44.96 

45 

74433 

909 

.012212 

23.69 

75 

24  IOC 

2303 

.095560 

,   6.48 

16 

95965 

672 

.007003 

44.27 

46 

73526 

944 

.012839 

22.97 

76 

2179'3 

2249. 

.103179 

6.11 

17 

95293 

673 

.007062 

43.58 

47 

72582 

981 

.013516 

22.27 

77 

19548 

2179 

.111469 

5.76 

18 

94620 

675 

.007134 

42.88 

48 

71601 

1021 

.014260 

21.56 

78 

17369 

2092 

.120444 

5.42 

19 

93945 

677 

.007206 

42.19 

49 

70580 

1063 

.015061 

20.87 

79 

15277 

1987 

.130065 

5.09 

20 

93268 

680 

.007291 

41.49 

50 

69517 

1108 

.015939 

20.18 

80 

13290 

1866 

.140406 

4.78 

21 

82588 

683 

.007377 

40.79 

51 

68409 

1156 

.016898 

19.50 

81 

11424 

1730 

.151436 

4.48 

22 

91905 

686 

.007464 

40.09 

52 

67253 

1207 

.017947 

18.82 

82 

••    9694 

1582 

.103194 

4.18 

23 

91219 

690 

.007564 

39.39 

53 

66046 

1261 

.019093 

18.16 

83 

8112 

1427 

.175912 

3.90 

24 

90529 

694 

.007666 

38.68 

54 

64785 

1316 

.020313 

17.60 

84 

6685 

1268 

.189678 

3.63 

25 

89835 

698 

.007770 

37.98 

55 

63469 

1375 

.021664 

16.86 

85 

5417 

nil 

.205095 

3.36 

26 

89137 

703 

.007887 

37.27 

56 

62094 

1436 

.023126 

16.22 

86 

4306 

958 

.222480 

3.10 

27 

88434 

708 

.008006 

36.56 

57 

60658 

1497 

.024679 

15.59 

87 

3348 

811 

.242234 

2.84 

28 

87726 

714 

.008139 

35.86 

58 

59161 

1561 

.026386 

14.97 

88 

2537 

673 

.265274 

2.59 

29 

87012 

720 

.008275 

35.15 

59 

57600 

1627 

.028247 

14.37 

89 

1864 

545 

.292382 

2.35 

30 

86292 

727 

.008425 

34.43 

60 

55973 

1598 

.030336 

13.77 

90 

1319 

427 

.323730 

2.11 

31 

85565 

734 

.008578 

33.72 

61 

54275 

1770 

.032612 

13.18 

91 

892 

322 

.360987 

1.89 

32 

84831 

742 

.008747 

33.01 

62 

52505 

1844 

.035120 

12.61 

92 

670 

231 

.405263 

1.67 

33 

84089 

750 

.008919 

32.30 

63 

50661 

1917 

.037840 

12.05 

93 

839 

155 

.457227 

1.47 

34 

83339 

758 

.009095 

31.58 

64 

48744 

1990 

.040826 

11.51 

94 

184 

95 

.516304 

1.28 

35 

82581 

767 

.009288 

30.87 

65 

46754 

2061 

.044082 

10.97 

95 

89 

52 

.584270 

1.12 

36 

81814 

776 

.009485 

30.15 

66 

44693 

2128 

.047614 

10.46 

96 

37 

24 

.648649 

.99 

37 

81038 

785 

.009687 

29.44 

67 

42565 

2191 

.051474 

9.96 

97 

13 

9 

.692308 

.89 

38 

80253 

795 

.009906 

28.72 

63 

40374 

2246 

.055630 

9.47 

98 

4 

3 

.750000 

.75 

39 

79458 

805 

.010131 

28.00 

69 

38128 

2291 

.060087 

9.00 

99 

1 

1 

1.000000 

"  .50 

BIG    BROTHER    MOVEMENT. 

The  Big  Brother  movement  was  founded  in  1904  in  New  York  City.  Since  that  time  the  work  has 
been  taken  up  in  over  one  hundred  cities,  on  lines  laid  down  by  this  office.  There  is  a  staff  of  paid  work- 
ers, supplemented  by  volunteers — lawyers,  physicians,  merchants,  executives,  teachers — all  busy  men 
selected  because  of  their  good- will  and  natural  ability  to  do  effective  work.  The  Little  Brothers  are  boys 
referred  by  parents,  hospitals,  police,  courts,  etc.  They  are  the  sons  of  widows,  inebriates,  prisoners,  of 
careless  or  ignorant  parents — boys  who  are  largely  the  victims  of  their  environment.  The  task  is  to  ascer- 
tain the  cause  of  the  boys'  trouble — whether  it  be  truancy,  stealing,  lying,  running  away  from  home,  etc.; 
then,  with  the  co-operation  of  parents,  through  the  mediation  of  the  Big  Brothers,  to  build  up  within  the 
boy  a  sense  of  honor  and  good  citizenship.  Every  possible  agency  is  employed  to  secure  results — hospitals 
for  examination  or  operation,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  church  and  settlement  gymnasiums,  industrial  classes  and 
boys'  clubs.  Boy  Scouts,  trade  schools,  camps  and  farm  schools. 

President — Franklin  C.  Hoyt,  of  the  Children's  Court.  Vice-Presidents — Rev.  Wilton  Merle-Smith, 
D.  D.,  Luther  H.  Lewis,  Robert  L.  Gerry.  Chairman  Executive  Committee — Ernest  K.  Coulter.  Secretary 
—Charles  A.  Taussig.  Treanurer — Francis  J.  Danforth.  General  Secretary — Rowland  C.  Sheldon.  Office, 
200  Filth  Avenue,  New  York. 


Coia^t  of  Honor, 


823 


CARLISLE    (ENGLAND)    EXPERIENCE    TABLE    OF    MORTALITY. 


Living 

Ex- 

Prop'n 

Rate 

Living 

Ex- 

Prop'n 

Rate 

Living 

Ex- 

Prop'n 

Rate 

AGE 

Out  of 

pecta- 

Whicli 

of 

AGE 

Out  of 

pecta- 

Which 

of 

AGE 

Out  of 

pecta- 

Which 

of 

10,000 

tion  of 

Sur- 

Mor- 

10,000 

tion  of 

Sur- 

Mor- 

10,000 

tion  of 

Sur- 

Mor- 

Born. 

Life. 

vive. 

tality. 

Born. 

Life. 

vive. 

tality. 

Born 

Life. 

vive. 

tality. 

n 

lOOOO 

38.721 

.846100 

.153900 

35 

5362 

30.999 

.989742 

.010257 

70 

2401 

9.174 

.948354 

.051645 

1 

8461 

44.674 

.919394 

.080605 

36 

5307 

30.315 

.989447 

.010552 

71 

2277 

8.646 

.941150 

.058849 

?, 

7779 

47.546 

.93.5081 

.064918 

37 

5251. 

29.633 

.989144 

.010855 

72 

2143 

8.156 

.931871 

.06812.S 

3 

7274 

49.812 

.962056 

.037943 

38 

5194 

28.953 

.988833 

.011166 

73 

1997 

7.J15 

.921882 

.078117 

4 

6998 

50.7,57 

.971277 

.028722 

39 

5136 

28.274 

.988123 

.011876 

74 

1841 

7.327 

.909831 

.090168 

S 

6797 

51.244 

.982190 

.017810 

40 

5075 

27.608 

.986995 

.013004 

75 

1675 

7.003 

.904477 

.095522 

6 

6676 

51.163 

.987717 

.012282 

41 

5009 

26.965 

.986224 

.013775 

76 

1515 

6.690 

.897029 

.102970 

7 

6394 

50.793 

.991204 

.008795 

42 

4940 

26.335 

.985627 

.014372 

77 

1359 

6.401 

.892568 

.107431 

8 

6536 

.50.240 

.993421 

.006578 

43 

4869 

25.712 

.985418 

.014582 

78 

1213 

6.111 

.891178 

.108821 

9 

6493 

49.569 

.994917 

.005082 

44 

4798 

25.085 

.985202 

.014797 

79 

1081 

5.796 

.881591 

.118408 

10 

6460 

48.820 

.995510 

.004489 

45 

4727 

24.454 

.985191 

.014808 

SO 

953 

5.507 

.878279 

.121720 

11 

6-131 

48.038 

.995179 

.004820 

46 

4657 

23.814 

.985183 

.014816 

81 

837 

5.201 

.866188 

.133811 

n 

6100 

47.268 

.995000 

.005000 

47 

4588 

23.165 

.985396 

.014603 

82 

725 

4.928 

.859310 

.140689 

!.■? 

6368 

46.503 

.994817 

.005182 

48 

4521 

22.500 

.986065 

.013934 

83 

623 

4.652 

.849117 

.150882 

14 

6335 

45.742 

.994475 

.005524 

49 

4458 

21.811 

.986316 

.013683 

84 

529 

4.390 

.841210 

.158790 

15 

6300 

44.994 

.993809 

.006190 

50 

4397 

21.107 

.986581 

.013418 

85 

443 

4.125 

.824719 

.175280 

Ifi 

6261 

44.271 

.993291 

.006708 

51 

4338 

20.387 

.985077 

.014292 

86 

367 

3.895 

.806539 

.193460 

17 

6219 

43.567 

.993085 

.006914 

52 

4276 

19.676 

.984798 

.015201 

87 

296 

3.709 

.783783 

.216216 

18 

6176 

42.866 

.993037 

.006962 

53 

4211 

18.972 

.983851 

.016148 

88 

232 

3.595 

.780172 

.?19827 

1") 

6133 

42.163 

.992989 

.007011 

54 

4143 

18.275 

.983104 

.016895 

89 

181 

-■  3.467 

.784530 

.215469 

?.n 

601)0 

41.458 

.992939 

.007060 

55 

4073 

17.580 

.982077 

.017922 

90 

142 

3.282 

.739436 

.260563 

i?i 

6047 

40.749 

.993054 

.006945 

56 

4000 

16.892 

.981000 

.019000 

91 

105 

3.262 

.714285 

.285714 

22 

6005 

40.030 

.993005 

.006994 

57 

3924 

16.209 

.979103 

.020897 

92 

75 

3.367 

.720000 

.280000 

23 

5963 

39.309 

.992956 

.007043 

.58 

3842 

15.545 

.975793 

.024206 

93 

54 

3.481 

.740740 

.259259 

?A 

5921 

38.584 

.992906 

.007093 

.59 

3749 

14.918 

.971725 

.028274 

94 

40 

3.525 

.750000 

.250000 

?'i 

5879 

37.856 

.992685 

.007314 

60 

3643 

14.337 

.966511 

.033488 

95 

30 

3.533 

.766666 

.233333 

?fi 

583S 

37.131 

.992631 

.007368 

61 

3521 

13.817 

.964214 

.035785 

96 

23 

3.457 

.782608 

.217391 

?7 

5793 

36.403 

.992232 

.007768 

62 

3395 

13.311 

.962592 

.037407 

97 

18 

3.278 

.777777 

.222222 

?8 

5748 

35.684 

.991301 

.008698 

63 

3268 

12.80S 

.961750 

.038249 

98 

14 

3  071 

.785714 

.214285 

29 

5698 

34.993 

.990172 

.009828 

64 

3143 

I2.29S 

.960229 

.039770 

99 

11 

2.773 

.818181 

.181818 

30 

5642 

34.336 

.989897 

.010102 

65 

3018 

11.787 

.958912 

.041086 

100 

9 

2.278 

.V77777 

.222222 

;ii 

5585 

33.681 

.989794 

.010205 

fifi 

2894 

11.271 

.957498 

.042501 

101 

7 

1.786 

.714285 

.285714 

3:; 

5528 

33.023 

.989869 

.010130 

B7 

2771 

1&.74E 

.955611 

.044388 

102 

5 

1.300 

.600000 

.400000 

33 

5472 

32.356 

.989948 

.010051 

68 

2648 

10.225 

.953549 

.046450 

103 

3 

.833 

.333333 

.66666c 

34 

5417 

31.679 

.989846 

.010153 

69 

2525 

9.699 

9,50891 

049108 

104 

1 

.500 

CITY    OF    NEW    YORK    LIFE    TABLE. 

(Basedf6ii^'tiii  keturns  of  tlie  Federal  Census  of  1910  and  Mortality  Returns  of  1909 


1910,  and  1911. 


Yeak' 
OF  Life 


ISxpectatiOu  of 
Life. 


Males. 

0 

44.55 

1 

50.65 

2 

51.84 

3 

51.86 

4 

51.4,5 

5 

50,86 

6 

50.15 

7 

49.45 

8 

48.66 

9 

47.82 

10 

46.95 

11 

46.07 

12..  .,. 

45.17 

13. >  .  :■; 

44.27 

14.1.,: 

-4.3.37 

15.:.  ..-; 

42.48 

16.4.:; 

■41:6P 

IT.  .  .  .  . 

40.75 

18..  . 

.39.90 

19;.  .     ;' 

39:08 

20..,..' 

38.26 

21.  ;  T 

'37.44 

22 

36.62 

23.  tt!:i,i 

33,82. 

24.  ?,.  i.4 

^<35.:02 

25...  .,.,.. 

.34.22 

Females 
48,8 
54.3 
55.4 
55.4 
55.0 
54.4 
53 
52 
52 
51 
50 
49 
48 
47.8 
46.9 
46.0 
45.1 
44.2 
43.4 
42.5 
41.7 
40.8 
40.0 
-.  39.2 
,■.  38.4 
37.6 


Year 
OF  Life 


26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33, 
34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 


Expectation  of 
Life. 


Males. 
33.44 
32.65 
31.87 
31.10 
30.34 
29.59 
28.85 
28.12 
27.41 
26.71 
20.03 
25.35 
24.67 
24.01 
23.34 
22 .  69 
22.04 
21.41 
20.78 
20.15 
19.53 
18.91 
18.30 
17.70 
17.11 
16.62 


Females 
36.8 
36.0 


35 
■34 
33.6 
32.9 
32.1 
31.4 
30.6 
29.8 
29.1 
28.4 
27.6 
26.9 
26.2 
25.4 
24.7 
24.0 
23.3 
22.5 
21.8 
21.1 
20.4 
19.7 
19.1 
18.4 


Year 
OF  Life, 


52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 


Expectation  of 
Life. 


Males. 

15.94 

15.36 

14.7a 

14.2? 

13.70 

13.18 

12.68 

12.19 

11.71 

11.26 

10.81 

10.38 

9.96 

9.50 

9.16 

8.78 

8.42 

8.04 

7.66 

7.31 

6.96 

6.60 

6.26 

5.92 

5.62 

5.33 


Females 
17.7 
17.0 
16.4 
15.8 
15.2 
14.6 
14.0 
13.4 
12.9- 
12.3 
11.8 
11.3 
10.8, 
10.3 

9.8 

9 

9 

8 

8 

7 

7 

7 

6 


-6.4 
6.0 
5.7 


Year 

OP  LIFE 


78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 
84. 
85. 
86. 
87. 
88. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 
93. 
94. 
95. 
96. 
97. 
98. 
99. 
100. 


Expectation  of 
Life. 


Males. 
5.05 
4.79 
4.66 
4.37 
4.14 
3.90 
3.65 
3.36 
3.07 
2.80 
2.58 
2.39 
2.24 
2.13 
2.05 
1.96 
1,84 
1,69 
1.50 
1.25 
0.95 
0.596 
0.000 


Fevialei 
5.4 
5.1 
4.9 
4.7 
4.5 
4.2 
4.0 
3.7 
3.5 
3.3 
3.1 
3.0 
2.8 
2.6 
2. .5 
2.3 
2.1 
1.9 
1.7 
1.4 
1.1 
0  6 


^-  ;-      •  COURT    OF    HONOR.' 

Founded  1895     One  grand  court:  1,197  district  courts.    Benefit  members  (men  and  women),  January 
1,  1917  S3:  sodal  members.  Januarir  i.  1917.  549:  reUef  members    W^:  total  membership    76  4^ 
tosurance  in  force  January  1,  1917.  887,885,500.00:  totel  benefits  paid  to  August  31,  1918.  $13,606,791,62. 
balance  to  protect  certificate  holders.  August  31,  1918,  $2,953,934.92.  ^h„„,^„„,     r'hnrioo  v    Wnda 

ioirvremp  Chancellor A    L    Hereford.  Springfield,   II.     Supreme  Vice-Phancellor — Charles  1.  waas- 

worth    Denver    Col      SMprme  Reforder—W    E.^  Robinson,  Springfield.  111.,  Juvreme  TreaSmer-1.    M 
SSon  Sprinlfleld   1 1      Supreme  Medical  Director— Dr.  G.  M.  French,  Springfield  III.    Supreme  Chaplain 
—Rev  J  H  Hatfield.  Columbus,  O.    Supreme  Conductor— Ma,e  F.  Larkin.  Clarksda  e.  Ill     Supreme  Guard 
---JemiieB    sSmers.  St.  Louis.  Mo.    Supreme  Sentinel— Sena.  Edginton.  Kansas  City.  Mo. 


824 


United  States  Customs  Duties. 


UNITED    STATES    CUSTOMS    DUTIES. 

(Tlie  tollowing  table  covers  only  the  articles  of  principal  importance  Imported.) 
(ad  val. — ad  valorem;  n.s.p.f. — not  specially  provided  for.) 
*  Effective  March  1,  1914. 


ARTICLES. 


SCHEDULE  A— CHEMICALS, 
Acids,  n.s.p.f. 


OILS  AND  PAINTS. 


Alcoholic  compounds,  n.s.p.t . 


Alkalies,    alkaloids,    and    all    chemical    and    medicinal    compounds 

preparations,  mixtures  and  salts,  and  combinations  thereof 

Ammonia,  carbonate  of,  and  muriate  of 

Coal-tar  products,  not  medicinal  snd  not  colors  or  dyes 


All  colors,  dyes,  or  stains,  whether  soluble  or  not  in  water,  color 
acids,  color  bases,  color  lakes,  photographic  chemicals,  medicinals^ 
flavors,  synthetic  phenolic  resin,  or  explosives,  not  otherwise  specially 
provided  for  In  this  title,  when  obtained,  derived,  or  manufactured 
in  whole  or  In  part  from  any  of  the  products  provided  for  in  Groups 
I.  and  II.  (see  below),  natural  alizarin  and  indigo,  and  colors,  dyes, 
or  color  lakes  obtained,  derived,  or  manufactured  therefrom 


Group  I.  Acenaphthene,  anthracene  having  a  purity  of  less 
than  twenty-five  per  centum,  benzol,  carbazol  having  a  purity  of  less 
than  twenty-flve  per  centum,  cresol,  cumol,  fluorene,  metacresol 
having  a  purity  of  less  than  ninety  per  centum,  methylanthracene, 
mctUylnaphthalene,  naphthalene  Jiaving  a  solidifying  point  less  than 
.seventy-nine  degrees  centigrade.'orthocresol  having  a  purity  of  less 
than  nlnetj'  per  centum,  paracresol  having  a  purity  of  less  than  ninety 
per  centum,  pyrldin,  quinolin,  toluol,  xylol,  crude  coal  tar,  pitch  of 
coal  tar,  dead  or  cresote  oil,  anthracene  oil,  all  other  distillates  which 
on  being  subjected  to  distillation  yield  in  the  portion  below  two  hun- 
dred degrees  centigrade  a  quantity  of  tar  acids  less  than  five  per 
centiun  of  the  original  distillate,  and  all  other  products  that  are  found 
naturally  In  coal  tar,  whether  produced  or  obtained  from  coal  tar  or 
other  source,  and  not  otherwise  specially  provided  for  In  this  title. 

Group  II.  Amldonaphthol,  amidophenol,  amldosallcylic  acid, 
anllin  oil,  auilln  salts,  anthracene  having  a  purity  of  twenty-flve  per 
centum  or  more,  anthraqulnone,  benzoic  acid,  benzaldehyde,  benzyl- 
chloride,  benzldln,  binltrobenzol,  binitrochlorobenzol,  blnltronaphtha- 
lene,  blnltrotuluol,  carbazol  having  a  purity  of  twenty-flve  per  centum 
or  "more,  chlorophthallc  acid,  cumldin,  dlmethylanllln,  dinalsldin, 
dloxynaphthalene,  dlphenylaimin,  metacresol  having  a  purity  of 
ninety  per  centum  or  more,  methylanthraqulnone,  metanlllc  acid, 
naphthalene  having  a  solidifying  point  of  seventy-nine  degrees  centi- 
grade or  above,  naphthylaraln,  naphthol,  nahpthylenedlamln,  nltro- 
benzol,  nltrotoluol,  nltronaphthalene,  nltranllln,  nitrophenylenediamln, 
nltrotoluylenedlamin,  orthocresol  having  a  purity  of  ninety  per  centum 
or  more,  paracresol  having  a  purity  of  ninety  per  centum  or  more, 
phenol,  phthaltc  acid,  phthallc  anh/dride,  phenylenediamln,  phenyl- 
naththylamln,  resorcln,  salicylic  acid,  sulphanillc  acid,  toluldln,  tolldln, 
toluylenediamln,  xylldm,  or  any  sulphoacld  or  sulphoacld  salt  of  any 
of  the  foregoing,  ail  similar  products  obtained,  derived,  or  manufac- 
tured In  whole  or  In  part  from  the  products  provided  for  in  Group  I., 
and  all  dlstlll;itea  which  on,  being  subjected  to  distillation  yield  in  the 
portion  distilling  below  two  hundred  degrees  centigrade  a  quantity  of 
tar  acids  equal  to  or  more  than  five  per  centum  of  the  original  distillate, 
all  the  foregoing  not  colors,  dyes,  or  stains,  photographic  chemicals, 
mediclnals,  flavors,  or  explosives,  and  not  otherwise  provided  for  In 
this  title 


Drugs 

Drugs  and  medicines  in  pills,  capsules,  etc 

Glue,  value  not  above  10c.  per  pound 

Oil,  castor,  gals 

Oil,  olive  In  bottles,  etc.,  gals 

OH,  whale,  gals 

Opium,  crude  and  not  adulterated,  containing  9  per  cent,  and  over 

of  morphia,  lbs 

Paints,  colors,  pigments,  etc 


Perfumery,  cosmetics,  containing  alcohol 

Perfumery,  cosmetics,  not  containing  alcohol 

Soap,  castlle  and  unperfumed  toilet  soap 

Soap,  perfumed  toilet 

Soda,  bicarbonate  of 

Sponges,  not  advanced  in  value  by  chemical  processes. 
Talcum V 


SCHEDULE  B— EARTHS,  EARTHENWARE  &  GLASSWARE. 

Cement 

Earthenware,  porcelain,  decorated 

Earthenware,  common,  not  ornamented 

Glassware,  decorated  or  cut 


Rates  of  Duty  Undek 


Law  of  1909. 


25  p.c.  ad  val. 
60c.  lb.  and  25  p.c, 
ad  val. 


25  p.c.  ad  val. 
Mc  lb. 
Free  list. 


IJiclb.andlOp.c. 
ad  val. 


2 He.  lb. 
35c.  gal.. 
50c.  gal. 
8c.  gal. 

SI. 50  lb. 

30  p.c.  ad  val. 

60c.  lb.  and  50  p.c. 

ad  val. 
60  p.c.  ad  val. 
IVic  lb. 
50  p.c.  ad  val. 
6-8c.  lb. 
20  p.c.  ad  val. 


8c.  100  lbs. 
60  p.c.  ad  val. 
25  p.c.  ad  val. 
60  p.c.  ad  val. 


Law  of  1913. 


15  p.c.  ad  val. 

10c.  lb.  and  20 
p.c.  ad  val.  to 
40c.  lb.  and  20 
p.c.  ad  val. 

15  p.c.  ad  val. 
%c.  lb. 

15  p.c.  ad  val.  and 
2'4c.  lb. 


30  p.  e.  ad  val.  and 
5c.  lb. 


Exemptfromduty. 


15  p.   c.   ad   val. 

and  2Kc.  lb. 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 

25  p.c.  ad  val. 
Ic.  lb. 
12c.  gal. 
30c.  gal. 
5c.  gal. 

15  to  ?0..  p,c.  ad 

val. 
40c.    lb.    and    60 

p.Ci  ad  val. 
60  p.c.  ad  val. 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 
30  p.c.  ad  val. 
He.  lb. 

10  p.c.  ad  val. 
15  p.c.  ad  val. 

10  p.c.  ad  val. 
20to55p.c.ad  val. 
15  p.c.  ad  val. 
45  p.c.  ad  val. 


United  States  Customs  Duties—Continued. 


825 


ARTICLES. 


Rates  of  Duty  Under 


Law  of  1909. 


Law  of  1913. 


Marble,  manufactures  of,  except  for  jewelry,  n.s.p.f 

Opera  and  field  glasses,  and  frames  for  same 

Spectacles  and  eyeglasses,  and  frames  for  same. 

SCHEDULE  C— METALS  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF. 

Iron,  bar,  n.s.p.f , . . . , 

Steel,  n.s.p.f. 


Automobiles,  valued  at  $2,000  or  more  and  automobile  bodies 
Automobiles  valued  at  less  than  $2,000,  and  automobile  chassis  and 

finished  parts  of  automobiles,  not  including  tires 

Copper  plates,  n.s.p.f 

Pens,  metallic,  except  gold  pens 

Table  and  kitchen  utensils,  metal,  n.s.p.f 

Tin  plates 

Pins,  not  jewelry 

Iron  beams,  girders,  joists 

Cast  iron  pipe,  andirons,  plates,  stove  plates,  hollow  ware 
Aluminum,  and  alloys  of  any  kind  in  which  it  is  the  chief  component, 

in  crude  form 

Watch  movements  and  watch  cases,  clocks  and  parts  thereof 

Zinc  in  blocks,  pigs  or  sheets 

SCHEDULE  D— WOOD  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF. 

Bamboo,  wood,  or  straw  blinds,  etc 

Briar  wood  and  similar  wood  unmanufactured 

Cabinet  wood  advanced  from  crude  condition 

Paving  posts,  railroad  ties,  telephone,  trolley  and  telegraph  poles 

House  or  cabinet  furniture,  and  manufactures  of  wood  or  bark, 

n.s.p.f 


50  p.c.  ad  val. 
45  p.c.  ad  val. 
Graduated  rate. 

6-1  Oc.  lb. 
Graduated  rate. 


Willow  furniture 

SCHEDULE  E— SUGAR,  MOLASSES  &  MANUFACTURES  OF, 
Sugars  and  syrups  of  cane  juice 


Saccharin 

Sugar  cane  in  its  natural  state,  or  unmanufactured 

Molasses,  not  above  40  degrees .  * 

Maple  sugar  and  maple  syrup 

Glucose  or  grape  sugar 

Sugar  candy,  valued  more  than  15c.  per  pound 

Sugar  candy  and  all  confectionery,  n.s.p.f.,  valued  at  15c.  per  pound 

or  less ^. . . 

SCHEDULE  F— TOBACCO  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF. 
Tobacco,  wrapper,  leaf 

Tobacco,  filler 

Tobacco,  smoking 

Snuff 

Cigars  and  cigarettes 


SCHEDULE  G— AGRICULTURAL  PRODUCTS  AND  PROVI- 
SIONS. 

Horses  and  mules  and  all  live  animals,  n.s.p.f 

Barley,  bushel  of  48  pounds 

Barley  malt,  bushel  of  34  pounds 

Oatmeal  and  rolled  oats 

Oats,  bushel 

Rice,  cleaned 

Macaroni,  vermicelli,  and  all  similar  preparations 

Butter  and  substitutes 

Cheese  and  substitutes  therefor 

Hay. 


Honey. . , . . ; 

Hops 

Seeds,  flax-seed,  linseed  and  other  oil  seeds,  n.a.p.f.  (bu.  of  56  lbs.) . . 

Seeds,  castor  (bu.  of  50  lbs.) 

Fish,  except  shell  fish,  packed  in  oil  or  in  oil  and  other  substances. . 

Fruits,  apples,  peaches,  quinces,  cherries,  plums  and  pears 

Fruits,  preserved,  n.s.p.f ■ 

Fruita,  oranges,  grapefruit,  and  limes  in  bulk. 

Lemons . 


Pineapples  In  bulk 

Nuts  of  all  kinds,  shelled  or  unshelled,  n.s.p.f 

Spices,  unground . 

Chocolate  and  cocoa  unsweetened,  prepared  or  manufactured,  n.s.p  f. 

Chocolate  and  cocoa,  sweetened,  prepared  or  manufactured,  valued 
at  20c.  per  pound  or  less 

SCHEDULE  H— SPIRITS,  WINES  AND  OTHER  BEVERAGES. 

Brandy  and  other  spirits  manufactured  or  distilled  from  grain  or 
other  materials,  n.s.p.f 

Champagne  and  all  other  sparkling  wines,  quarts 

\  Wines,  still,  in  casks,  vermuth  and  similar  beverages 

I  Wines,  still,  in  bottles,  quarts 

'  Malt  liquors,  in  bottles,  jugs,  gallons 

Mineral  waters,  in  bottles,  quarts 


45  p.c.  ad  val. 
45  p.c.  ad  val. 
12c.  gross. 
45  p.c.  ad  val. 
1  2-lOc.  lb. 
35  p.c.  ad  val. 
Graduated  rate. 
8-lOc. lb. 

7c.  lb. 

Graduated  rate. 
Graduated  rate. 


15  p.c.  ad  val. 

Free. 

10  p.c.  ad  val. 

35  p.c.  ad  val. 


Not  above  75  de- 
grees polarl- 
scope  95-100  of 
Ic.  per  lb.  and 
for  each  addi- 
tional degree  35- 
1000  of  Ic.  per 
lb.  additional. 

65c.  Id. 

20  p.c.  ad  val. 

20  p.c.  ad  val. 

4c.  lb. 

l^c.  lb. 

50  p.c.  ad  val. 

4c.  lb.  and  15  P.O. 
ad  val. 

$1.85  lb.  to 
S2.50  lb. 
35c.  to  50c.  lb. 


55c.  lb. 

S4.50  lb.   and 
p.c.  ad  val. 


25 


20-25  p.c.  ad  val. 
30c.  bushel. 
45c.  bushel. 
Ic.  lb. 
15c.  bushel. 
2c.  lb. 
IHc.  lb. 
6c.  lb. 
6c.  lb. 
S4  ton. 
20c.  gallon. 
16c.  lb. 
25c.  bushel. 
25c.  bushel. 
Graduated  rate, 
25c.  bushel. 
2c.  lb. 
Ic.  lb. 
IJ^c.  lb. 
$8  per  1.000. 
Ic.  lb. 
Free  list. 
Graduated  rate. 

Graduated  rate. 


45  p.c.  ad  val. 
35  p.c.  ad  val. 
35  p.c.  ad  val. 

5  p.c.  ad  val. 
15  p.c.  ad  val. 
45  p.c.  ad  val. 

30  p.c.  ad  val. 
20  p.c.  ad  val. 
8c.  gross. 
20  p.c.  ad  val. 
15  p.c.  ad  val. 
20  p.c.  ad  val. 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 

2c.  lb. 

30  p.c.  ad  val. 

15  p.c.  ad  val. 

20to25p.c.ad  vaL 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 
15  p.c.  ad  val. 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 

15  p.c.  ad  val. 
25  p.c.  ad  val. 

Not  above  75  de- 
grees polarl- 
Bcope  71-100  of 
Ic.  per  lb.;  for 
every  addi- 
tional degree  26- 
1000  of  Ic.  per 
lb.  additional.* 

65c.  lb. 

15  p.c.  ad  val. 

15  p.c.  ad  val. 

3c.  lb. 

1  J^c.  lb. 

25  p.c.  ad  val. 

2c.  lb. 

$1.85  lb.  to 

S2.50  lb. 
35c.  to  50c.  lb. 
55c.  lb. 
55c  lb 
$4.50  ib.  and  25 

p.c.  ad  val. 


10  p.c.  ad  val. 
15c.  bushel. 
25c.  bushel. 
30c.  100  lbs. 
6c.  bushel, 
ic.  lb. 
ic.  lb. 
2HC.  Ib. 
20  p.c.  ad  val. 
$2  ton. 
10c.  gallon. 
16c.  lb. 
20c.  bushel. 
15e.  bushel. 
25  p.c.  ad  val. 
10c.  bushel. 
Ic.  lb. 
I  He.  Ib. 
He.  lb. 
S6  per  1,000. 
Ic.  lb. 
Ic.  lb. 
8  p.c.  ad  val. 

2c.  lb. 


S2.60  gallon. 
S9.60  per  doz. 
45c.  to  60c.  gallon. 
SI. 85  per  doz. 
45c.  gallon. 
30c.  doz. 


S2. 

$9.. 

450 

$l.t 

45c, 

2Qc 


.60  gallon. 
.60  per  doz. 
0.  to  60c.  gallon. 
.8S  per  doz. 
gallon. 


826 


United  States  Customs  Duties — Continued. 


ARTICLES. 


SCHEDULE  I— COTTOJf  MANUFACTURES. 

Cotton  thread,  unoolored,  according  to  numbers 

Cotton  thread,  colored,  bleached,  according  to  numbers 

Cotton  cloth,  uncolored,  according  to  numbers.  .  .  . ^ 

Cotton  cloth,  colored,  bleached,  according  to  numbfera 

Cotton  handlterchiefa  or  mufflers,  hemmed  or  hemstitched,  n.s.p.f 

Cotton  clothing,  ready  made 

Cotton  hosiery,  pairs 

Cotton  shirts,  drawers,  and  all  underwear,  n.s.p.t 

Cotton,  plushes,  velvets,  corduroys 

Lace  manufactures 

SCHEDULE  J— FLAX,  HEMP  AND  JUTE  AND  MANUFAC- 
TURES OF.  ,.       „„  , 

Flax  hemp  or  ramie  single  yarns,  finer  than  80  lea  or  number 

Mattings  for  floors 

SCHEDULE  K— WOOL  AND  MANUFACTURES  OF. 

Alpaca,  hair  of 

Combed  wool  or  tops,  n.s.p.f 

Yarns 

Yarns  of  hair  of  angora  goat  and  alpaca 

Cloths,  knit  fabrics,  felts  not  woven  and  all  manufactures  of  every 

description,  wholly  or  chiefly  of  wool,  n.s.p.f 

Blankets,  n.s.p.f.,  and  flannels 

Dress  goods,  women's  and  children's 

Clothing,   ready   made  and   wearing   apparel  of  every  description, 

n.s.p.f i 

Carpets,  woven  whole  for  rooms,  and  rugs 

Pluslies,  velvets  and  all  other  pile  fabrics,  cotton  cut  or  uncut 

SCHEDULE  L— SILK  AND  SILK  GOODS. 
Silk  partially  manufactured,  or  spun  silk 

Silk,  wearlngapparel 

Silk,  yarns,  threads,  artificial 

Silk,  all  manufactures  of,  n.s.iJ.f 

SCHEDULE  M— PAPERS  AND  BOOKS. 

Printing  paper,  unsized  or  glued  and  suitable  for  printing  books  and 
newspapers,  but  not  for  covers  or  binding  (e.\cept  Japan  paper, 
Imitation  Japan  paper,  hand-made  or  machine  hand-made  paper, 
valued  over  5c.  lb.,  12  p.  c.  ad  val.;  valued  leas  than  5c.  lb.,  free. 
There  is  a  clause  providing  for  a  higher  (reciprocity)  duty  on  printing 
paper,  in  case  any  other  country  so  taxes  American  paper. 

Indigo  paste  is  derived  from  indigo  and  is  dutiable  as  dye  obtained 
from  indigo.  ,  ^,  ■  ,    ^ 

Books,  of  ail  kinds,  bound  or  unbound  pamphlets,  engravings,  photo- 
graphs, n.s.p.f 

Paper  manufactures  of,  n.s.p.f 

Playing  cards 

SCHEDULE  N— SUNDRIES. 

Beads,  not  threaded  or  strung 

Brushes 

Diamonds  anil  other  precious  stones,  cut  but  not  set 

Feathers  and  downs 

Furs,  dressed 

Furs,  wearing  apparel 

Gloves  (leather) 

Gutta-percha  and  India  rubber,  manufactures  of,  n.s.p.f 

Hair,  human ......'. 

Hair,  human,  cleaned  but  not  manufactured 

Leather,  manufactures  of,  n.s.p.f 

Musical  Instruments 

Phonograplis,  gramophones,  graphophones,  or  parts 

Pipes  and  smokers'  articles 

Paintings  and  statuary,  n.s.p.f • 

Toys 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  sunshades,  n.s.pJ.-. . . .- .......' 


2!^c.  lb.  to28c.  lb. 
6c.  lb.  to  67c.  lb. 

lo.    sq.    yard    to 
12 He.  eq.  yard. 
Graduated  rate. 

Graduated  rate. 

50  p.c.  ad  val. 

70c.  doz.  to  $2  doz. 
&  15  p.c.  ad  val. 

60c.  doz.  &  15  p.c. 
ad  val.  to  S2.25 
doz.  &  35  p.c 
ad  val. 

9c.  sq.  yard  &  25 
p.c.  ad  val.  to 
12c.  sq.  yard  & 
25  p.c.  ad  val. 

60  p.c.  ad  val. 


15  p.c.  ad  val. 
3 He.  sq.  yard. 


Rates  or  Duty  Under 


Law  of  1909. 


Graduated  rate. 
Graduated  rate. 


Graduated  rate. 
Graduated  rate. 

Graduated  rate. 
44c.  lb.  &  60  p.c 

ad  val. 
10c.  sq.  foot  &  40 

p.c.  ad  val. 
Graduated  rate. 


35c.  lb.  and  gradu- 
ated rate. 
60  p.c.  ad  val. 
45c.  lb.  to  60c.  lb 
50  p.c.  ad  val. 


25  p.c.  ad  val. 
35  p.c.  ad  val. 
10c.  pack  and  20 
p.c.  ad  val. 

35  p.c.  ad  val. 
40  p.c.  ad  val. 
7  He  lb. 
10  p.c.  ad  val. 
20  to  60  p.c.  ad 

val. 
20  to  40  p.c  ad 

val. 
50  p.c.  ad  val. 
$1.25  doz.  toS5.80 

doz. 
35  p.c.  ad  vai: 


20  p.c.  ad  val. 
40  p.c.  ad  val. 
45  p.c.  ad  val. 
45  p.c.  ad  val. 
Graduated  rate. 

15  p.c.  ad  val. 
35  p.c.  ad  val; 
50  p.c.  ad  val. 


Law  of  1913. 


5  to  25  p.c.  ad  val. 
7H  to  27  H  p.c. 

ad  val. 
7 'A    to  27  H  p.c 

ad  val. 
10  to  30  p.c.  ad 

val. 
30  p.c.  ad  val. 
30  p.c.  ad  val. 
30  to  50  p.c.  ad 

val. 
30  p.c.  ad  val 


40  p.c.  ad  val. 


60  p.c.  ad  val. 


10  p.c.  ad  val. 
2 He.  sq.  yard. 


15  p.c.  ad  val. 
8  p.c.  ad  val. 
18  p.c.  ad  val. 
25  p.c.  ad  val. 

35  p.c.  ad  val. 
25  to  30  p.c.  a^ 

val. 
35  p.c.  ad  val. 
35  p.c.  ad  val. 

50  p.c.  ad  val. 

40  p.c.  ad  val. 


20c.  lb.  to  35  P.C. 

ad  val. 
50  p.c.  ad  val. 
35  p.c.  ad  val. 
45  p.c.  ad  val.  - 


15  p.c.  ad  val. 
25  p.c.  ad  val. 
60  p.c'  ad  val. 


ad 

54, 


35  p.c  ad 
35  p.c.  ad 
7c.  lb. 
20  p.c.  ad 
20  to  60 

val. 
10  to 

val. 

50  p.c 

51  to 
pairs. 

10  p.c.  ad 
10  to  35 

val, 
20  p.c.  ad 
30  p.c.  ad 
35  p.c.  ad 
25  p.c.  ad 
20  to  50 
:  val. 
15  p.c.  ad 
35  p.c.  ad 
35  p.c.  ad 


val. 
val. 

val. 
p.c.  ad 


40  p.c.  ad 


val. 
75  doz. 

val. 
p.c.  ad 

val. 
val. 
val. 
val. 
p.c.  ad 

val.  - 
val. 
val.  - 


The  Free  List. 


827 


Acids  (not  provided  for 
under  Schedule  A). 

Aconite. 

Agates,  unmanufactured. 

Akricultural  implements. 

Alljumen,  n.s.p.f. 

Alcohol,  methyl  cr  wood. 

Ariunonia,  nitrate  and  sul- 
phate of. 

Animals  brought  into  U.  S. 
temporarily  or  for  breed- 
inr;  purposes. 

Animals,  wild,  for  exhibi 
tion    in    zoological    col- 
lections. . 

Anthracite  coal. 

Antitoxins. 

Aromatic  (not  garden) 
seeds. 

Arrowroot,  not  manufac- 
tured. 

Arsenic. 

Art,  works  of,  originals,  or 
for  certain  institutions. 

Articles,  domestic  made, 
returned  after  exporta- 
tion. 

Asbestos.unmanufactured. 

Asphaltum. 

Bacon. 

Bagging  for  cotton,  etc. 

Barbed  fence  wire. 

Barlis,  n.s.p.f. 

Beans,n.s.p.f.  ; 

Beef,  fresh. 

Beeswax. 

Belting  leather. 

Benzine. 

Berries,  n.s.p.f. 

Bibles. 

Birds. 

Bismuth. 

Bituminous  coal. 

BooI;s  for  the  blind  or  for 
certain  classes  of  insti- 
tutions, text-boolis,  etc 

Boots,  leather.    ' 

Borax,  crude.   ,  -      , 

Brass,  Old-  !  ;. 

Brimstone,     ,  - 

Briquets. 

Bri.stles.  crude,  etc. 

Broom  corn. 

Buckwheat. 

Bullion,  gold  or  silver. 

Burlaps. 

Cabinet  wood,  in  the  log 
rough,  or  hewn  only. 

Calcium,  n.s.p.f. 

Camel's  hair. 

Carbolic  acid. 

Cash  registers. 

Cattle. 

Cement. 

Chalk,  crude. 

Charts-fpr  use  of  societies 
or  united  States. 

Citizens  of  U.  S.  dyln?  in 
foreign  countries,  per- 
sonal 9ff«cts  of. 

Clapbo&.rds. 

Coal.    .        ;     - 

Cobalt^  : 

Cocoa,  crude,  n.s.p.f. 

Coco5in,ats  in  ;.he  §hell. 

Cocoon^,'  silH.,     1 

Cod  ii\{ef  oil;.    .: 

Coffee.,  i     '. '■'     vl,,     ;. 

Coin.s,  goW,  silver  and 
Lopper,'  ■  .' . 

Coke.  ■  ' 

Composition  metal,  copper 

chief  value. 
Copper,  in  plates,  bars,  in- 
gots or  pigs,  n.s.p.f.  and 
ore. 
Copperas. 

Cork,  unmanufactured. 
Corn  and  corn-meal. 
Cotton   and   cotton   bag- 

b^  elng. 


ma- 


THE 

Cotton  gins. 

Cotton  waste. 

Cottonseed  oil. 

Cream. 

Croton  oil. 

Curry. 

Darning  needles. 

Drawings,  original. 

Drugs,  not  advanced. 

Dyeing  and  tanning 
terjals. 

Dyestuffs,  n.s.p.f. 

Dyewoods,  n.s.p.f. 

Engravings,  original. 

Etchings,  original. 

Evergreen  seedlings. 

Explosive  substances. 

Extracts  for  tanning. 

Fans,  common  palm  leaf. 

Fats  and  grease. 

Fencing,  barbed  and  gal- 
vanized wire. 

Fcrromanganese. 

Fibres  and  grasses. 

Films,  moving  picture, 
American  manufacture, 
light  struck  or  damaged. 

Flat  rails,  iron  or  steel. 

Flax. 

Flint,  flints  and  flint 
stones  unground. 

Flocks. 

Flower  and  grass  seeds, 
n.s.p.f. 

Fossils. 

Fowls,  water. 

Fruit  plants,  tropical  and 
semi-tropical,  for  pur- 
pose of  propagation  or 
cultivation. 

Fruits  or  berries,  green, 
ripe  or  dried,  n.s.p.f. 

Fulminates. 

Furniture  of  persons  or 
families  from  foreign 
countries  if  used  by 
them  abroad  one  year 
or  more. 

Furs,  undressed. 

Galvanized  wire. 

Gasoline. 

Glass  plates  or  disks, 
rough-cut  or  un wrought. 

Glaziers'  diamonds. 

Gloves,  horsehide,  pi^sliin 
or  cowhide,  n.s.p.f. 

Glue  stock. 

Goat  skins,  undressed. 

Gold,  bullion,  ore  and 
sweepings. 

Gold,    sliver,     copper 
other  metal  coins. 


Grains,  drugs,  crude.  |Maize. 

Granite,  unmanufactured 

n.s.p.f. 
Grasses  and  fibres. 
Guano,    manures   and    all 

substances  used  only  in 

manure. 
Gunny  bags  and  cloth,  old. 
Gunpowder 
Gutta-percha,  crude. 
Hair,  n.s.p.f. 
Hams 

Handle  bolts. 
Hand  sewing  needles 
Harness,  saddles  and  sad- 
dlery, or  parts  thereof. 
Harvesters. 

Hem.lock  bark,  extract  of. 
Hemp,  n.s.p.f. 
Herbs,  natural  state,  used 

as  drugs,  n.s.p.f. 
Hides  of  cattle. 
Hones  and  whetstones. 
Hoop  iron  or  steel,  coated 

or  not  coaled  with  paint. 
Hoops,  Iron  or  steel,  cut  to 

lengths. 
Horns  and  parta  of, 


FREE    LIST. 

Horsehair  unmanufac- 
tured . 

Horseshoe  nails. 

Horseshoes. 

Household  effects  used  one 
year  or  more  abroad  by 
the  importer  thereof. 

Ice. 

India  rubber,  crude.  . 

Indigo. 

Ingots. 

Instruments,  pnuosophical 
and  scientifical,  when 
imported  by  certain 
classes    of    institutions. 

Inventions  if  suitable  only 
for  use  as  a  model. 

Iodine,  crude  and  re- 
sublimed. 

Ipecac. 

Iron  ore. 

Iron  or  steel  bands,  cut 
to  lengths  and  manu- 
factures of. 

Iron  or  steel  billets. 

Iron  or  steel  nails,  rails 
and  scrap. 

Jute. 

Kero.sene. 

Kindling  wood. 

Lamb  and  lambskins,  un- 
dressed. 

Land  fowls. 

Lard. 

Laths. 

Leather,  n.s.o.f.,  boots  and 
shoes,  harness,  saddles, 
and  saddlery,  shoe  laces, 
sole,  uppers,  vamps. 

Leaves  used  as  drugs, 
n.s.p.f. 

Leeches. 

Lemon  and  lime  juice. 

Lemon  peel,  not  pre- 
served. 

Lifeboats  and  life-saving 
apparatus  imported  by 
life-saving  societies. 

Linotype  machines. 

Lithographic  stones  not 
engraved. 

Lodestones. 

Logs. 

Loojis,  Iron. 

Lumber,  planed  or  fin- 
ished, n.s.p.f. 

Machines,  for  spreading 
tar  and  Oil  and  for 
sugar  making,  linotype 
sewing,  thrashing,  type- 
setting. 
oilMagiiPsite,   crude  or  cal- 

I     cined. 


Manganese,  oxide  and 
ore  of. 

Manila. 

Manures. 

Manuscripts. 

Maps,  over  20  years  old, 'or 
for  use  of  United  States. 

Marroas. 

Marrow. 

Marshmallow. 

Meal,  corn. 

Meats. 

Medals  of  gold,  silver  or 
copper  when  bestowed 
and  accepted  as  trophies 
or  prizes. 

Metal  composition,  n.s.p.f 

Milk,  preserved  or  con- 
densed, etc. 

Mineral  salts. 

Minerals,  crude. 

Models  of  inventions  suit- 
able for  use  as  models 
only. 

Moss,  crude  or  unmanu- 
factured. 


Mowers. 

Music  for  the  blind. 

Mustard  seed. 

Mutton. 

Nails. 

Naphtha. 

Needles,  hand  sewing  and 
darning. 

Newsoapers  and  periodi- 
cals issued  within  6 
months  of  time  of  entry, 
etc. 

Nickel  ore. 

Nitrate  of  potash  or  salt- 
petre, crude  and  soda. 

Nut  oil. 

Nux  vomica. 

Oakum. 

Oil  cake. 

Oils  not  provided  for  in 
list  under  Schedule  A. 

Orange  juice,  peel,  not 
preserved,  candied  or 
dried. 

Ore,  cobalt,  copper,  emery, 
gold,  iron,  manganese, 
manganiteroug  iron, 
nickel,  silver,  tin,  tung- 
sten-bearing. 

Paper,  printing,  n.s.p.f., 
stock,  crude. 

Paraffin  and  paraffin  oiL 

Parchment. 

Paris  green. 

Pearl,  mother  of,  and 
pearl  shells  in  natural 
state. 

Pebble,  Brazilian. 

Periodicals  and  news- 
papers issued  within  6 
months  of  time  of  entry, 
etc. 

Personal  effects  of  persons 
arriving  from  foreign 
countries,  within  certain 
limitations. 

Petroleum. 

Phosphates,  crude. 

Phosphorus. 

Photographic,  and  moving 
picture  films  not  ex- 
posed or  developed. 

Pigs,  copper,  iron. 

Plants,  fruits,  tropical  and 
semi-tropical,  for  propar 
gatlon  or  cultivation. 

Plates,  copper,  glass. 

Platinum,  unmanufac- 
tured. 

Plows. 

Plumbago. 

Pork. 

Potash,  carbonate,  crude, 
cyanide,  sulphate. 

Potassium,  cyanide  of. 

Potatoes,  conditionally. 

Printing  paper  not  above 
5c.  lb. 

Prizes. 

Prussic  acid. 

Pulp  woods. 

Quinine. 

Kadium. 

Rags,  n.s.p.f. 

Rails,  flat,  iron  or  steel. 

Railway  bars,  iron  or  steel. 

Rapeseed. 

Rattan. 

Reapers. 

Reeds,  unmanufactured. 

Regalia  and  gems,  when 
imported  by  certain 
classes  of  institutions. 

■Roots,  drugs,  crude,n.s.n.f. 

Rye  and  rye  flour. 

.Saddlery. 

Safety  lamps,  miners'.- 

Sago. 

Salt. 

Saltpetre,  crude. 


828 


N-ational  War^Lahor  Board. 


THE   FREE   LIST — Cotttinued. 


Scientific  apparatus,  when 
Imported  by  certain 
classes  of  institutions. 

Seeds,  all  flower  and 
grass,  n.a.p.f. 

Sewing  machines. 

Sheep. 

Shellfish,  and  shells  in 
natural  state.   ' 

Shingles. 

Shoddy. 

Shots,  leather. 

3Uk,  raw. 

Sliver  bullion,  coins,  ore, 
sweepings. 

Sisal  grass. 

Skins,  undressed. 

Soda,  arseniate,  ash,  cy- 
anide, nitrate,  silicate, 
sulphate. 

Sole  leather. 

Specimens,  botany  and 
mineralogy  and  natural 
history  for  scientific 
public  coUectlons. 


Spermaceti  oil. 

Spikes. 

Spirits,  turpentine. 

Sprigs,  cut. 

Stamps,  forelsn. 

Statuary,  original  or  two 
replicas. 

Statuary  and  casts  of 
sculpture,  when  for  use 
as  models  or  for  art  edu- 
cational purposes. 

Staves. 

Steel,  scrap. 

Stone. 

Strychnine. 

Sugar-beet  seed. 

Sulphate  of  ammonia,  cop- 
per, iron,  potash,  soda. 

Sulphur. 

Sulphuric  acid. 

Sumac,  ground. 

Swine. 

T-rails,  iron  or  steel. 

Tacks,  cut: 

Talcum,  crude,  n.s.p.f. 


Tallow. 

Tanning  material. 

Tapioca.  . 

Tar,  and  pitch  of  wood. 

Tea. 

Thrashing  machines. 

Timber. 

Tin,  except  plates. 

Tobacco  stems. 

Trophies,  aricles  bestowed 
as  trophies  and  received 
as  honorary  distinctions. 

Turpentine. 

Twine. 

Type,  old. 

Typesetting  machines. 

Typewriters. 

Vaccine  virus. 

Veal. 

Vegetable  subs'  nccs,lcrude 

Vellum. 

Verdigris. 

Vitriol,  blue. 

Wagons  and  carts. 


Waste. 

Water  fowls. 

Wax,  vegetable  or  mineral. 

Weeds  and  wood  used  as 
drugs,  n.s.p.f. 

Whalebone,  unmanufact- 
ured. 

Wha!e  oil ,  n.s.p.f. 

Wheat,  n.s.p.f.,  condition- 
ally. 

Whetstones. 

Wild  animals  for  exhibi- 
tion in  zoological  col- 
lections. 

Wire,  barbed  fence,  gal 
vanized,  nails,  staples. 

Wood,  n.s.p.f. 

Wood  alcohol. 

Wood  pulp. 

Wool,  n.s.p.f. 

Works  of  art,  originals  or 
for  certain  instllutioris. 

Wrought  iron  or  ateel 
nails,  n.s.p.f. 


LITIGATION    OF    CUSTOMS    CLAIMS. 

(By  the  Board  of  United  States  General  Appraisers.) 

•  A  statutory  judicial  remedy  is  given  by  the  Ciistoms  Practise  Act  of  June  10,  1890,  and  supplements 
thereto,  for  the  return  of  money  illegally  exacted  by  the  administrative  customs  officials,  before  a  special 
statutory  Court  of  Customs  Claims  called  the  Board  of  United  States  General  Appraisers.  If  the  valuation 
by  the  local  appraiser  of  imported  merchandise  upon  which  an  ad  valorem  duty  is  assessed  Is  disputed  by 
the  Importer  he  may  appeal  for  a  re- valuation  (or  re-appraisement  as  it  is  called)  within  ten  days  after  the 
local  appraiser  has  made  the  assessment.  If  the  Importer  is  dissatisfied  with  the  classification  by  the  Col- 
lector of  Customs  at  the  port  of  entry,  he  may  file  a  protest  in  writing  within  thirty  days  with  such  Collector, 
who  thereupon  must  forward  the  papers  to  the  Board,  and  the  case  Is  regularly  docketed. 

There  is  no  limitation  upon  the  amount  Involved  In  such  litigation.  It  covers  and  Includes  merchandise 
imported  by  Parcel  Post  and  claims  arising  from  the  assessment  ano  classification  of  baggage  not  exempt 
from  duty.  The  trial  of  the  case  is  usually  had  at  the  port  of  entry  or  some  nearby  place.  Regular 
dockets  for  the  trial  of  such  cases  are  held  at  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Boston,  Baltimore,  Chicago,  Cin- 
cinnati, St.  Louis,  St.  Paul,  Seattle,  Portland,  San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles.  In  addition  special  dockets 
are  held  in  other  customs  districts  at  the  convenience  and  on  request  of  the  importers;  at.torneys.  There 
are  no  court  costs  and  the  procedure  Is  simple  and  expeditious  yet  Includes  all  the  safeguards,  4nd  protec- 
tions of  an  ordinary  court  trial.  Numerous  claims  aganlst  the  Government,  arising  from  the  administra- 
tion of  the  customs  laws,  are  thus  litigated  and  involve  in  the  aggregate  large  suras  of  money.  Reappralse- 
ment  cases  are  heard  by  a  single  member  of  the  Board  with  an  appeal  by  either  the  Government  or  the  im- 
porter from  his  Judgment  to  a  board  of  three.  Classification  cases,  including  contests  over  the  legality  of 
an  appraisement,  the  legality  of  any  administrative  regulation  promulgated  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas- 
uiT,  or  the  legality  of  other  administrative  action  resulting  in  the  levy  of  an  excessive  rate  or  amount  of  duty 
by  the  Collector  of  Customs,  are  decided  by  the  Classification  Board.  An  appeal  lies  from  this  Board's 
judgment  to  the  Court  of  Customs  Appeals  at  Washington  from  whence  certiorari  lies  to  the  Supreme  Coiu-t 
of  the  United  States  In  treaty  cases,  constitutional  cases  and  other  cases  which  the  Attorney  General  certifies 
as  of  sufliclent  importance. 

The  Clerk  of  the  Board  is  De  Witt  P.  Dutcher,  641  Washington  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  The  Board 
consists  of  Jerre  B.  Sullivan  (President)  of  Iowa,  Byron  S.  Waite  of  Michigan,  Eugene  G.  Hay  of  Minnesota, 
William  B.  Howell  of  New  Jersey,  Israel  F.  Fischer  of  New  York,  Samuel  B.  Cooper  of  Texas.  Charles  P 
McClelland  of  New  York,  George  Stewart  Brown  of  Maryland,  ajid  William  C.  Adamson  of  Georgia.  The 
U.  S.  Court  of  Customs  Appeals  consists  of  Robert  M.  Montgomery,  Presiding  Judge;  James  M.  Smith. 
Orion  M.  Barber,  Marion  De  Vries,  and  George  E.  Martin,  Associate  Judges.  Clerk,  Arthur  B.  Sheldon, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


NATIONAL    ADVISORY    COMMITTEE    FOR    AERONAUTICS. 

Chairman — Dr.  John  R.  Freeman.  Secretary — S.  W.  Stratton,  SC.  D.  Joseph  S,  Ames,  Ph.  D.: 
John  R.  Freeman,  C.  E.;  John  F.  Hayford,  C.  E.;  Major  Gen.  W.  L.  Kenly,  U.  S.  A.;  Charles  F  Marvin, 
M.  E.;  Michael  I.  Pupin,  Ph.  D.;  Wallace  C.  Sabine,  Sc.  D.;  Rear  Admiral  D.  W.  Taylor,  U.  S.  N.;  Lieut. 
Commander  J.  H.  Towers,  U.  S.  N.;  Charles  D.  Walcott,  Sc.  D.  The  chief  executives  of  the  Air  Service 
are  as  follows:  John  D.  Ryan,  director  of  the  Air  Service;  Major  Gen.  Wm.  L.  Kenly,  U.  S.  N.  A.,  director 
of  Military  Aeronautics;  W.  C.  Potter,  a.cting  director  of  Aircraft  Production.  The  following  is  the  list  of 
the  members  of^the  Aircraft  Board:  John  D.  Ryan,  chairman;  Richard  F.  Howe,  vice  chairman;  W.  C.  Potter 
Rear  ^Admiral  D.  W.  Tylor.  U.  S.  N.;  Captain  N.  E.  Irwin,  U.  S.  N.;  Commander  A.  K.  Atkins,  U.  S.  N.: 
Major  General  Wm.  L.  Kenly,  U.  S.  A.;  Col.  E.  A.  Deeds,  U.  S.  A.  S.,  A.  P.;  Col.  R.  L.  Montgomery,  U.  8. 


NATIONAL    WAR    LABOR    BOARD. 

Representatives  of  Employers — L.  F.  Loree,  pres.  Delaware  &  Hudson  Co.;  C.  Edwin  Michael,  prea. 
Virginia  Bridge  &  Iron  Co.;  Loyall  A.  Osborne,  vlce-pres.  Westinghouse  Electric  &  Manufacturing  Co.; 
W.  H.  Van  Dervoort,  pres.  Root  &  Van  Dervoort  Engineering  Co.;  B.  L.  Worden,  pres^  Lackawanna 
Bridge  Co. 

Representatives  of  Employees — I'rank  J.  Hayes,  pres.  United  Mine  Workers  of  America;  William  L. 
Hutcheson,  pres.  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America;  Thomas  J.  Savage,  member 
general  executive  board  International  Association  of  Machinists;  Victor  dander,  representative  International 
Seamen's  Union  of  America;  T.  A.  Rickert,  pres.  United  Garment  Workers  of  America. 

Representatives  of  the  Pzibllc — William  How»rd  Taft,  ex-President  of  the  United  States.  Frank  P. 
Walsh,  former  chairman  Industrial  Relations  Commission. 


Passport  Regulations.  829 


PASSPORT    REGULATIONS. 

1.  AuTHORiTT  TO  Issue — Section  4075  of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  as  amended  by 
the  act  of  Congi-ess  approved  June  14,  1902,  provides  that  "the  Secretary  of  State  may  grant  and  issue 
passports,  and  cause  passports  to  be  granted,  issued,  and  verified  in  foreign  countries  by  such  diplomatic 
or  consular  officers  of  the  United  States,  and  by  such  chief  or  other  executive  officer  of  the  insular  posses- 
sions of  the  United  States,  and  under  such  rules  as  the  President  shall  designate  and  prescribe  lor  and  on 
behalf  of  the  United  States."  The  following  rules  are  accordingly  prescribed  for  the  granting  and  issuing 
of  passports  in  the  United  States: 

2.  To  Whoji  Passports  Abe  Issued —  Section  4,076  of  tlie  Revised  Statutes  ol  the  United  States 
(U.  S.  Comp.  Stat.,  1901,  2765)  provides  that  "no  passport  shall  be  granted  or  issued  to  or  verified  for, 
any  other  persons  than  those  owing  allegiance,  whether  citizens  or  not,  to  the  United  States." 

3.  By  Whom  Issued  .\nd  Refusal  to  Issue — No  one  but  the  Secretary  of  State  may  grant  and 
issue  passports  in  the  United  States  (Rev.  Stat.,  Sees.  4075,  4078)  and  he  is  empowered  to  refuse  them  in 
his  discretion.  Passports  are  not  issued  by  A?mcrican  diplomatic  and  consular  officers  abroad,  except  in 
cases  of  emergency;  and  a  citizen  who  is  abroad  and  desires  to  procure  a  passport  must  apply  therefor  through 
the  nearest  diplomatic  or  consular  officer  to  the  Secrretary  of  State.  Applications  for  passports  by  persons 
In  Porto  Rico  or  the  Philippines  should  be  made  to  the  chief  executives  of  those  islands.  The  evidence  re- 
quired of  such  applicants  is  similar  to  that  required  of  applicants  in  the  United  States. 

4.  FEE^-By  act  of  Congress  approved  March  23,  1888,  a  fee  of  one  dollar  i§  required  to  be  collected 
for  every  citizen's  passport  issued.  That  amoimt  in  cun-ency  or  postal  money  order  should  accompany 
each  application  made  by  a  citizen  of  the  United  States.  Orders  should  be  made  payable  lO  the  Disburs- 
ing Clerk  of  the  Department  of  State.    Draft  or  checks  will  not  be  accepted. 

5.  Applications:  Affidavit  of  Applicant^— a  person  who  is  entitled  to  receive  a  passport,  if  within 
the  United  States,  must  submit  a  written  application,  in  duplicate,  in  the  form  ol  an  affidavit,  to  the  Secre- 
tary of  State.  The  application  should  be  made  by  the  person  to  whom  the  passport  is  to  be  issued  and  signed 
by  him,  as  it  is  not  proper  Jor  one  person  to  apply  for  another.  The  affidavit  must  be  made  before  a  clerk 
of  a  Federal  court  or  of  a  State  court  authorized  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  June  29,  1906,  to  naturalize  aliens, 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  which  the  applicanl.or  his  witness  resides,  and  the  seal  of  the  court  must  be  affixed; 
iTut  in  any  place  where  there  is  a  Federal  court  Die  affidavit  must  be  made  before  a  clerk  of  such  court,  unless  there 
is  in  such  place  an  agent  of  the  Department  of  State,  in  which  case  .the  Secretary  may,  in  i.hi3  discretion,  re- 
quire the  application  to  be  made  before  such  agent. 

The  applicant  must  state  from  what  point  he  intends  to  leave  the  United  States,  and  the  date  of  his 
intended  departure,  and  also,  if  by  a  port  of  tiie  United  States,  by  what  ship  he  intcnd.3  to  sail. 

(c)  Photographs — The  application  must  also  be  accompanied  by  triplicate  photographs  of  tlie  applicant, 
on  thin  paper,  unmounted,  and  not  larger  in  size  than  three  by  three  inches.  If  the  applicant  is  going  to 
a  belligerent  countiy,  he  must  submit  four  copies  of  his  photograph.  One  must  be  attached  to  the  back 
of  each  application  by  the  clerk  of  court  or  the  department's  agent  before  whom  the  application  is  made, 
with  an  impression  of  such  officer's  seal  so  placed  as  to  cover  part  of  the  photograph  but  not  the  features, 
and  the  other  sent  loose,  to  be  attached  to  the  passport  by  the  department.  The  loose  photograph  must 
be  signed  by  the  applicant  across  its  face,  so  as  not  to  obscure  the  features,  and  the  signature  thereon  must 
correspond  to  the  applicant's  signature  affixed  to  the  application.  Photographs  on  cardboard  or  postcards 
t'Hll  not  be  accepted. 

(d)  Witness — The  application  must  be  supported  by  an  affidavit  of  at  least  one  credible  witness,  who 
lias  known  the  applicant  at  least  two  years,  stating  that  the  applicant  is  the  person  he  represents  hfmseU 
to  be  and  that  the  facts  stated  in  the  application  are  true  to  the  best  of  the  witness's  knowledge  and  belief. 
This  affidavit  must  b.e  made  before  the  clerk  of  court  or  the  department's  agent  before  whom  the  applica- 
tion is  exdctiteul  »n<?  iBe  witness  must  accompany  the  applicant  when  he  makes  his  application.  The  wit- 
ness must'be  dii  Airierican  citizen,  established  in  a  recognized  profession  or  busineess  and  having  his  office 
or  place  of  Dusiiie'ss  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  court  or  the  department's  agent  (e.  g.,  a  clergyman,  lawyer, 
physician,'  bdnker, 'broker,  real  estate  dealer,  or  merchant).  The  witness,  in  signing  the  application,  should 
state  the  nature  of  his  profession  or  business  and  his  professional  or  business  address.  The  ap;)licant  or  his 
witness  must  be  known  to  the  clerk  of  court  or  the  department's  agent  before  whom  the  application  is  exe- 
cuted or  must  be  able  to  satisfy  such  officer  as  to  his  identity  and  the  bona  fides  of  the  application.  No 
latoyer  or  otlier  person  tvill  be  accepted  as  witness  to  a  passport  application  if  he  }ias  received  or  expects  to  re- 
ceive a  fee  for  his  services  in  connection  therewith. 

6.  Native  Citizen — An  application  containing  the  Information  indicated  by  rule  5  will  be  sufficient 
evidence  in  the  case  of  a  native  citizen;  except  that  a  person  born  in  the  United  States  in  a  place  where 
births  are  recorded  will  be  required  to  submit  a  birth  certificate  with  his  application.  If  a  birth  certificate 
is  not  obtainable,  the  application  must  be  supported  by  an  affidavit  of  the  physician  who  attended  the  birth 
or  affidavits  of  parents  or  other  reputable  persons  having  actual  knowledge  of  the  applicant's  birth  in  this 
country.  Passports  issued  by  the  Department  of  State  or  its  diplomatic  or  consular  representatives  are 
Intended  for  identification  and  protection  in  foreign  countries  and  not  to  facilitate  entry  into  the  United 
States,  immigration  being  under  the  supervision  of  the  Department  of  Labor. 

7".  A  Person  Born  abroad  Whose  Father  Was  a  Native  Citizen  of  the  United  States — In 
addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  5,  his  application  must  show  that  his  father  was  born  In  the 
United  States^  resided  therein,  and  was  a  citizen  at  the  time  of  the  applicant's  birth.  In  such  case  evidence 
of  the  father's  birth  in  this  country,  similar  to  that  required  in  section  6,  above,  should  be  submitted. 

8;  Naturalized  Citizen — In  addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  5,  a  naturalized  citizen 
must  transmit  his  certificate  of  naturalization,  or  a  duly  certified  copy  of  the  court  record  thereof,  witli  liis 
application.  It  will  be  returned  to  him  after  inspection.  He  must  state  in  his  affidavit  when  and  from  what 
port  he  emigrated  to  this  country  and,  if  possible,  what  ship  he  sailed  on,  where  he  has  lived  since  his  ai-iival 
in  the  Uijij«di  States,  when  and  before  what  court  he  was  natm'alized,  and  that  he  is  the  identical  person 
described  in  the  certificate  of  naturalization.  The  signature  to  the  application  should  conform  in  orthogr 
raphy  to, the  applicant's  name  as  written  in  his  certificate  of  naturalization,  or  an  explanation  of  the  dif- 
ference shoylq  be  submitted. 

9.  WpM-ANvs/APELiCATiON — It  She  is  unmarried.  In  addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  5,  she 
should  state  that  she  has  never  been  married.  If  she  is  the  wife  or  widow  of  a  native  citizen  of  the  United 
States,  the  fact  should  be  made  to  appear  in  her  appUcation,  which  should  be  made  according  to  the  form 
prescribed  for  a  native  citizen,  whether  she  was  bom  in  this  country  or  abroad.  If  she  is  the  wife  or  widow 
of  a  naturalized  citizen,  In  addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  5  she  must  transmit  for  inspection 
her  husjaand's  certificate  of  naturalization  or  a  certified  copy  of  the  court  record  thereof,  must  state  that 
she  is  the  wile  (or  widow)  of  the  person  described  therein,  and  must  set  forth  the  facts  of  his  birth,  emigra- 
tion, naturalization,  and  residence,  as  required  in  the  rules  governing  the  application  of  a  naturalized  citi- 
zen. She  should  sign  her  own  Christian  name,  with  the  family  name  of  her  husband.  (Thus,  Mary  Doe; 
not  Mrs.  John  Doe.)  A  married  woman's  citizenship  follows  that  of  her  husband.  It  is  essential,  there- 
fore, that  a  woman's  marital  relation  be  indicated  in  her  appUcation  for  a  passport,  and  that  in  the  case  ol 
a  married  woman  her  husband's  citizenship  be  established. 

10.  The  Child  op  a  Naturalized  Citizen  Clalming  Citizenship  Through  the  Naturaliza^ 
TioN  of  the  Parent — In  addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  5  the  applicant  must  state  that  he 


830       Custom  House  Examination  of  Baggage  Frorn  Abroad. 

"  PASSPORT  KEGULATIONS— ConMnwcd. 

or  she  is  the  son  or  daughter,  as  the  case  may  be,  of  the  person  described  in  the  certificate  of  naturalization, 
which  must  be  submitted  for  inspection,  and  must  set  forth  the  facts  of  emigration,  naturalization,  and 
residence,  as  required  in  the  rules  governing  the  application  of  a  naturalized  citizen. 

11.  A  Resident  of  an  Insular  Possession  op  the  United  States  Who  Owes  Allegiance  to 
THE  United  States — In  addition  to  the  statements  required  by  rule  5,  he  must  state  that  he  owes  allegiance 
to  the  United  States  and  that  he  does  not  acknowledge  allegiance  to  any  other  government,  and  must  submit 
affidavits  from  at  least  two  credible  witnesses  who  are  able  to  corroborate  his  statements  as  to  bii'th,  resi- 
dence, and  loyalty.    No  fee  is  required  for  the  issuance  by  the  Department  of  State  of  an  Insular  passport. 

12.  ExPiBATiON  OF  Passport — A  ■passport  expires  six  months  frdm  the  dale  of  its  issuance.  A  new  oue 
win  be  Ijssued  upon  a  new  application,  accompanied  by  the  old  passport;  and,  if  the  applicant  be  a  natural- 
ized citizen,  the  old  passpgrt  will  be  accepted  in  lieu  of  a  certificate  of  naturalization,  provided  the  appli- 
cation upon  which  the  old  pagsport  was  issued  is  found  to  contain  sufficient  information  as  to  the  naturali- 
zation of  the  applicant. 

13.  Wife,  Minor  Children,  and  Servants — When  the  applicant  is  accompanied  by  his  wife,  minor 
children,  and  maid  servant,  who  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  it  will  be  sufficient  to  state  the  fact,  giving 
their  names  in  full,  the  dates  and  places  of  their  births,  and  the  allegiance  of  the  servant,  when  one  passport 
will  suffice  for  all.  In  such  case,  however,  three  photographs  of  each  person  should  accompany  the  passport 
application.  For  a  man  servant  or  any  other  person  In  the  party  a  separate  passport  will  be  required.  A 
woman's  passport  may  Include  her  minor  children  and  maid  servant  under  the  above-named  conditions. 
(The  terra  "maid  servant"  does  not  include  a  governess,  tutor,  pupil,  companion,  or  person  holding  like 
relation  to  the  applicant  for  a  passport.) 

lb       14.     Titles — Professional  and  other  titles  will  not  be  Inserted  in  passports. 

>- '  15.  Surrender  op  Old  Passports — An  applicant  for  a  new  passport  who  holds  an  expired  or  un- 
expired passport  or  passports  should  submit  the  latter  to  the  clerk  of  court  or  agent  of  the  Department  of 
State  before  whom  he  executes  his  application  for  a  new  passport.  In  such  case  the  clerk  of  court  or  agent 
of  the  Department  of  State  will  cancel  the  old  passport  by  cutting  out  a  piece  of  the  seal'thereon  and  stamp- 
ing, or  writing  In  indelible  Ink,  the  word  "Cancelled,"  across  the  face  of  the  passport,  which  may  then  be  re- 
turned to  the  applicant.  After  cancelling  an  old  passport  the  official  who  takes  the  application  should 
make  a  notation  on  the  margin  thereof,  giving  the  number  and  date  of  issuance  of  the  passport  cancelled. 
16.  Blank  Forms  of  Application — They  will  be  furnished  by  the  department  free  of  charge  to 
persons  who  desire  to  apply  for  passports.  Supplies  of  blank  applications  are  also  furnished  by  the  depart- 
ment to  clerks  of  courts  and  are  held  by  the  department's  agents. 


CUSTOM  HOUSE  EXAMINATION  OF  BACCAGE  FROM  ABROAD. 


1.  A  declaration  la  required  of  every  passenger; 
but  the  senior  member  of  a  family  may  declare  for 
the  entire  family  if  the  members  thereof  are  all 
residents  of  the  same  country  and  have  their  bag- 
gage placed  under  the  same  letter  on  the  pier.  Your 
baggage  will  not  be  examined  until  you  have  pre- 
paied  and  delivered  to  the  customs  officers  a  declara- 
tion on  this  form. 

2.  Penalties  under  U.  S.  Revised  Statutes  2802 
and  3082 — Failure  to  deolare  any  article  which 
should  be  declared  subjects  it  to  seizure  and  the 
passenger  to  criminal  prosecution.  The  offering 
of  gratuities  to  customs  officers  is  a  violation  of  the 
law. 

3.  Residence — Persona  arriving  in  the  United 
States  are  divided  as  follows:  (a)  Returning  residents 
of  the  United  States  and  (6)  all  persons  other  than 
returning  residents  of  the  United  States;  and  their 
declarations  must  be  made  accordingly.  Citizens 
of  the  United  States  shall  be  deemed  to  be  returning 
residents  of  the  United  States,  unless  they  present 
satisfactory  evidence  that  they  have  given  up  their 
residence  In  the  United  States  and  have  acquired 
an  actual  bona  fide  residence  in  a  foreign  country. 
Residence  of  a  wife  follows  that  of  her  husband  and 
the  residence  of  a  minor  child  that  of  its  parents. 

4.  Returning  residents  of  the  United  States  must 
declare  all  articles  obtained  abroad  in  any  manner. 
This  includes  articles  obtained  by  purchase,  gift, 
exchange  or  otherwise;  articles  worn  or  carried  on 
the  person  as  well  as  those  in  the  baggage;  used 
articles  as  well  as  new,  and  trunks  and  other  con- 
tainers obtained  abroad.  Commissions  for  othere 
and  articles  Intended  directly  or  indirectly  for  sale 
must  be  so  described  in  the  declaration.  Articles 
which  may  be  included  In  the  SlOO  exemption  must 
not  be  omitted  from  the  declaration.  The  actual 
cost  of  repairs  or  alterations  made  abroad  on  any 
article  taken  out  of  the  United  States  must  be  de- 
clared. Personal  or  household  effects  returned  In 
the  same  condition  shall  be  admitted  tree  of  duty 
upon  their  Identity  being  established,  provided  that 
such  articles  as  were  obtained  abroad  on  a  previous 
trip  were  properly  declared  when  originally  imported. 

6.  AH  persons  other  than  returnmg  residents  of  the 
United  States  may  bring  in  free  of  duty  necessary 
and  appropriate  wearing  apparel,  articles  of  personal 
adornment,  toilet  articles,  and  similar  personal  ef- 
fects actually  owned  by  them  and  intended  for  their 
own  wear  and  use.  All  other  articles  in  their  bag- 
gage or  on  their  person  must  be  declared.  House- 
hold effects,  foodstuffs,  cigars  and  cigarettes,  tools 


of  trade,  articles  owned  by  others  or  Intended  for 
others  or  for  sale  or  for  business  or  orofesslonal  use 
are  among  the  Items  required  to  be  declared. 

6.  The  actual  cost  of  declared  articles  must  be 
stated  In  all  declarations  or  the  foreign  market 
value  thereof  If  obtained  otherwise  than  by  pur- 
chase. If  articles  have  depreciated  In  value  through 
wear  or  use,  the  attention  ■  of/ th,e  anpralslng  officer 
should  be  called  to  such  fact  at  the  fiine  of  the  ex- 
amination. Articles  are  appraise^  at  their  value 
in  their  condition  as  imported.  Passengers  dis- 
satisfied with  values  placed  upon  dutiable  articles 
may  make  demand  for  reappralsement  to  the  of- 
ficer In  charge  on  the  pier,  but  no  such  demand  can 
be  entertained  after  the  articles  have  been  removed 
from  customs  custody. 

7.  Cigars,  cigarettes,  tobacco  and  liquors  must  be 
declared.  Adult  passengers  may  be  allowed  free 
of  duty  and  Internal  revenue  tax  50  cigars  or  300 
cigarettes  or  3  pounds  of  smoking  tobacco,  and  1 
quart  of  spirits  or  wine  or  other  beverage,  it  not 
for  sale. 

8.  Merchandise  or  samples  of  merchandise,  for- 
eign or  domestic,  accompanying  a  passenger  as  bag- 
gage, whether  the  property  of  himself  or  another, 
must  be  declared  as  merchandise  in  this  entry.  A 
statement  of  the  number  of  such  packages  and  of 
the  general  character  of  the  contents  and  the  total 
value  thereof  will  be  sufficient. 

9.  Theatrical  scenery,  property  and  apparel  and 
all  other  articles,  foreign  or  domestic,  which  may  be 
Intended  for  use  on  the  stage  or  for  exhibition  pur- 
poses, must  be  declared.  Each  package  and  its 
contents  must  be  described. 

10.  All  dogs  must  be  declared.  ColUes,  shepherd 
or  sheep,  and  police  dogs  are  subject  to  quarantine. 
.  11.  Bonded  baggage — Baggage  may  1)6  forwarded 
in  bond.  Passengers  should  specify  on  the  declara- 
tion. In  the  space  "Entry,"'  the  number  of  such 
packages,  the  general  character'  and  total  value  of 
the  contents  and  the  destination  of  the  packages  to 
be  bonded. 

12.  The  following  articles  are  prohibited:  Cuttings 
or  parts  of  sugar  cane  and  plants  and  seeds,  except 
vegetable  and  flower  seeds,  unless  a  permit  has  been 
previously  obtained  from  the  Department  of  Agri- 
culture, Washington,  D.  C;  smoking  opium;  fur- 
seal  skins  taken  In  the  waters  of  the  North  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  garments  made  In  whole  or  In  part  from 
such  skins;  aigrettes;  osprey  plumes,  and  the  feathers 
or  parts  of  wild  birds.  Such  articles  must  be  de- 
livered to  the  customs  officers  on  the  pier. 


Neio  York  State  Civil  Service.  831 

'  Pw* — . -        '  ■ — ■■■—  —  ■■'  ■■'  ..,■—■ 

CHIEF    NEW    YORK    STATE    LECISLATION    IN    1918 

State  Purchasing  Committee — Chapter  400,  amends  the  State  Finance  law.  Creates  a  Centra) 
Supply  Committee  consisting  of  the  Comptroller,  the  Commissioner  ot  Education,  the  Superintendent  ol 
Public  Works,  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  Public  Buildings,  the  Chairman  of  the  Hospital  Commission, 
the  Fiscal  Supervisor  of  Charities  and  the  Superintendent  of  Prisons.  After  J.uly  1,  1919,  au  materials 
and  supplies,  including  furniture  and  furnishings,  required  for  state  departments,  boards,  commissions, 
Cffices  tod  institutions  which  the  Committee  may  determine  shall  be  purchased  by  joint  contract  tnot 
rfjquired  to  be  purchased  from  the  penal  institutions  of  the  State  by  the  Prison  law)  shall  be  collectively 
fldvertised  and  contracted  for. 

Anti-Loafing  Law — Chapter  625,  requires  every  able  bodied  person  in  the  state  between  the  ages 
v'l  18  and  jO  years  to  be  occupied  at  least  36  hours  a  week  in  some  useful  job  during  the  war. 

.  Group  Life  Insurance — Chapter  192,  amends  the  InsiU'ance  law.  It  adds  to  article  2,  new  sections 
101-a  to  101-d.  Section  101-a  defines  group  life  Insurance,  as  follows:  "Group  life  insurance  is  hereby 
declared  to  be  that  form  of  life  insurance  covering  not  less  than  fifty  employees  witU  or  witliout  medical 
examination,  written  under  a  policy  issued  to  the  employer,  the  premium  on  which  Is  to  be  paid  by  the 
employer  or  by  the  employer  and  employees  jointly,  and  insuring  only  all  of  his  employees,  or  all  of  any  class 
or  classes  thereof  determined  by  conditions  pertaining  to  the  employment,  for  amounts  of  insurance  based 
upon  some  plan  wliich  will  preclude  individual  selection,  for  the  benefit  of  persons  other  than  the  employer; 
provided,  however,  that  when  the  premium  is  to  belaid  by  the  employer  and  employee  jointly  and  the 
benefits  of  the  policy  are  offered  to  .all  eligible  employees,  not  less  than  seventy-five  per  centum  of  such 
».mployees  may  be  so  insured." 

Accident  Insurance  Policies — Chapter  182,  provides  that  injured  persons,  or  in  case  of  death,  their 
representatives,  may  sue  under  terms  of  liability  insurance  policies,  notwithstanding  bankruptcy  or  In- 
solvency. 

Public  Service  Law — Chapter  586,  amends  the  Public  Service  Commissions  law.  This  act  is  very 
similar  in  its  terras  to  Chapter  S85,  but  applies  only  to  New  York  City,  the  latter  being  a  general  law,  ap- 
plicable to  the  whole  State.  Authorizes  the  Public  Service  Commission  of  the  First  District,  with  the  con- 
currence of  the  Board  of  Estimate  and  Apportionment,  to  abrogate  existing  contracts,  and  arrange  a  new 
basis  of  payment  to  contractors  for  such  work.  The  prices  stipulated  in  existing  contracts  may  be  dis- 
regarded and  future  payments  made  upon  the  basis  of  the  contractors'  costs  without  allowance  for  profits. 

Savings  Banks — Chapter  176,  amends  the  Banking  law  by  permitting  savings  banks  to  act  as  ae- 
posltary  for  safe-keeping  of  Liberty  Bonds. 

Monthly  Tenants — Chapter  303,  amends  the  Real  Property  law^.  Provides  that  In  New  York  City, 
in  the  absence  of  a  written  agreement,  tenancies  are  from  month  to  month  instead  of  until  the  following 
May  1. 

Women  Messengers — Chapter  434,  .imends  the  Labor  law.  Prohibits  the  employment  of  women 
under  21  as  telegra'>li  or  messenger  torapany  messengoi-s,  and  prohibits  emploj'ment  of  women  over  21 
for  more  than  six  days  or  ftfty-four  houra  a  week,  or  before  7  A.  M .  or  after  10  P.  M. 

Food  Cold  Storage — Chapter  433,  amends  the  PubUc  Health  law.  Kxtends  the  maximum  time  of 
storage  to  twelve  months  and  requires  monthly  reports  to  the  Commissioner  of  Foods  and  Markets  (instead 
of  every  four  mouths  to  the  State  Department  of  Health). 

Lights  on  Vehicles  on  Wheels — Chapter  258,  amends  Highway  law.  Provides  for  a  light  or  lights 
between  half-hour  after  sunset  and  half-hour  before  sunrise  on  all  wheeled  vehicles,  stationary  or  in  motion, 
on  public  streets,  avenues,  highways  or  bridges   in  all  parts  of  the  State  outside  of  Greater  New  York. 

Heavy  Auto  Trucks  Barred — Chapter  533,  amends  the  Highway  law.  Forbids  the  driving  or  op- 
era;ting  on^public  Wg'hways  of  the  State  outside  of  cities  of  auto  trucks  or  trailers  having  combined  weight, 
truck  and  lt)lid,:of  iiDi'e  than  25,000  pounds. 

Lights  (Jd  Motbr  Veliicles — Chapter  540,  amends  the  Highway  law.  Provides  for  two  front  lamps 
and  one  red  lamp  in-  rear,  to  be  lighted  between  half-hour  after  sunset  and  half-hour  before  sunrise;  front 
lights  to  avoid  dazzle  or  dangerous  glare;  rays  of  red  lamp  to  shine  on  rear  number  plate  so  that  vehicle 
number  may  be  clearly  seen.  ....,., 

More  Pay  for  State  Employees — Chapter  556,  provides  increases  of  pay  for  civilian  employees  of 
the  State;  twenty  per  cent,  increase  for  those  receiving  81,000  per  year  or  less  and  fifteen  per  cent,  increase 
for  those  receiving  not  more  than  S2,000. 

Election  Law  Amendment — Chapter  323,  provides  for  double  election  boards,  one  to  receive  the 
vote  during  the  voting  hours,  the  other  to  count  the  vote  after  the  polls  close. 

'  City^Pay-as-You-Go— Chapter  658,  modifies  the  law  by  permitting  New  York  City  to  issue  each 
year  during  the  period  of  the  war,  and  for  one  year  thereafter,  corporate  stock  and  serial  bonds  to  an  amount 
not  exceeding  815,000,000.00,  the  same  to  mature  within  certain  periods  and  to  be  used  for  certain  pur- 
poses. 

Workmen's  Compensation — Chapter  634,  amends  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act.  By  its 
terms  it  adds  a  new  group  (45)  to  the  employments  heretofore  covered  by  the  act.  It  is  really  a  blanket  in- 
clusion of  all  other  employments,  so  that  now  every  employer  in  the  State  employing  four  or  more  workmen 
is  req\iired.to  secure  compensation  for  his  injured  workmen,  unless  his  employment  is  not  carried  on  for 
pecuniary  gain,: or  unless  his  employees  are  farm  laborers  or  domestic  servants.  Chapter  643  also  materially 
changes  the  requirements  as  to  notice  to  be  given  by  the  injured  employee.  Knowledge  of  the  accident 
by  the  employer  or  Ms  agent,  foreman  or  boss,  is  sufficient  reason  for  failure  to  give  notice. 

Working  P^ifmits — Chapter  628,  permits  the  issuance  of  permits  to  work  in  mercantile  establish- 
ments durlig  July  and  August  onlv  to  children  between  14  and  16,  if  the  child  has  attended  a  public  or 
parochial  (sthool  for  130  days  during  the  previous  12  months. 

Narcotic-Drug  Control — Chanter  639,  creates  a  Depaitment  of  Narcotic  Drug  Control  to  be  headed 
by  a  Coinmis^ojier  appointed  for  six  years  at  $16,000,  to  obtain  data  and  information  as  to  extent  of  drug 
addiction  ;&(}■  means  "by  which  it  may  be  controlled,  reduced  or  eliminated,  and  make  rules,  regulations, 
rulings  and'  Seclsjons;  The  department  has  power  to  inspect  hospitals  and  institutions,  and  the  Com- 
missioner p6w6r  to'  S.<3minlster  oaths. 

Practice  ro'^fMediclne — Chapter  630,  amends  section  173  of  the  Public  Health  law  by  omitting  the 
words  "wkhoiit;  salary  or  professional  fees"  from  the  paragraph  which  excepted  from  the  general  require- 
ments as  to  the  practice  of  medicine,  "Any  one  while  actually  serving  (without  salary  or  professional  fees) 
on  the  resident  medical  staff  of  any  legally  incorporated  hospital." 


NEW    YORK    STATE    CIVIL    SERVICE. 

During  the  year  1917,  17,268  persons  were  examined  and  upward  of  3,500  appointments  were  made 
to  competitive  places.  On  January  1,  1918,  there  were  19,628  positions,  not  including  laborers,  subject  to 
the  Jurisdiction  of  the  commission.  These  positions  were  classified  as  follows:  Unclassifled  eerrlce,  l.4lp; 
classified  service,  exempt,  1,478;  competitive,  11,102;  non-competitive,  6,552.  Detailed  miormation  can  be 
got  by  addressing  State  Civil  Service  Commission,  Albany,  N.  Y. 


832    American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions. 


POP., 

WEALTH,     DEBT, 

ETC., 

NEW     YORK     STATE,     1880     TO     1918. 

Year. 

Popu- 
lation. 

Ass.  Val.  Real 

and  Personal 

Property. 

Direct 

Tax  Rate 

(Mills.) 

Direct 
Taxes 
Levied. 

Funded 

Debt 
(Gross.) 

Ordinary 
Receipts. 

Ordinary 
Expenditureg 

1881 

6,174.369 

$2,681,257,606 

2.25 

86.032,829 

89,109.054 

§12,468,522 

310.682,388 
10,198,^ 

1882 

6,265,867 

2,783,682,567 

2.45 

6,820,022 

9,109,054 

9,503,255 

1883 

5,357,365 

2.872,257,325 

3.25 

9,334,836 

8,473,854 

10,064,675 

10,254,^33 
11,168,§54 

1884 

5,448,863 

3,014,591,372 

2.575 

7,762,572 

8.451,854 

11,974,624 

1885 

5,640,362 

3,094.731,457 

2.96 

9,160,405 

9,461,854 

11,416,472 

12,196,ft39 

1886 

.5,631,860 

3,224,682,343 

2.95 

9,512,812 

9^327,204 

12,912,109 

11,509,*> 

1887 

5,723,358 

3.361,128,177 

2.70 

9.075,046 

7,567,004 

13,261,660 

11,988,408 

1888 

5,814,856 

3,469,199,945 

2.62 

9,089,303 

6,966,364 

13,585,113 

13,533.366 

1889 

5,906,354 

3,567,429,757 

3.52 

12,557,352 

6,774,854 

12,687,410 

13.327,862 

1890 

6,997,853 

3.683,653,062 

2.34 

8,619,748 

4,964,304 

14,460,586 

13,152,610 

1891 

6,265,598 

3,779,393,746 

1.375 

5,196,666 

2,927.654 

14,836,028 

13,837,616 

1892 

6,613,343 

3,931,741,499 

1.98 

7,784,848 

763,160 

10,364,427 

14,018,830 

1893 

6,607,787 

4,038,058,949 

2.58 

10,418,192 

660 

13,842,181 

15,115,836 

1894 

6,702,231 

4,199,882,058 

2.18 

9,156,742 

660 

15,131,290 

16.192,049 

1895 

6,796,675 

4,292,082,167 

3.24 

13,906,346 

660 

17,211,858 

17,550,012 

1896 

6,891,119 

4,368,712,903 

2.69 

11,751,837 

2,320,660 

24,786,181 

21,422,352 

1897 

6,985,663 

4,506,985,694 

2.67 

12,033,651 

5,765,660 

22,387.587 

21,384,294 

1898 

7,080.007 

4,898,611,019 

2.08 

10,189,110 

9,340,660 

23,183.i541 

24,839,031 

1899 

7,174,451 

5,076,396.824 

2.49 

12,640,228 

10,185,660 

22,717,694 

22,061,592 

1900 

7,268,894 

6,461,302,752 

1.96 

10,704,153 

10,130,660 

28,072,441 

25,152.296 

1901 

7,428,577 

6,686,921,678 

1.20 

6,824,306 

10,075,660 

26,455,869 

23,395,030 

1902 

7.588,260 

5,754,400,382 

.13 

748,072 

9,920,660 

23,149,609 

23,260,249 

1903 

7,747.943 

5,854,500,121 

.13 

761,085 

9,665,660 

23,616,080 

23,240.381 

1904 

7,907,626 

7.446,476,127 

.13 

968,041 

9,410,660 

24,981,651 

2S,938.464 

1905 

8.067,308 

7,738,165,640 

.154 

1,191,677 

11,155,660 

25,286,916 

27,359,485 

1906 

8,276,570 
8,485,831 
8,696,092 
8,904,353 
9,113,614 

8,015,090,722 
8,565,379,394 
9,173,566,245 
9,666,118,681 
9,821,620,552 

None 
None 
None 
None 
None 

10,630,660 
17,290,660 
26,230,660 
41,230.660 
57,230,660 

.34,059.518 
35,032,053 
33,996,769 
31,567,185 
37,905,876 

27,424,365 

1907 

32,619,734 

1908 

34,318.052 

1909 

39,237,426 

1910 

38,332,015 

1911 

9,228,440 

10,121,277,458 

.60 

6,072,766 

79,730,660 

36,138.376 

38,119,377 

1912..^... 

9,343,266 

11,022,985,914 

1.00 

11,022,985 

109,702,660 

50,492,863 

44,858,059 

1913..... 

9,458,092 

11,128.498,055 

.  5805 

6,460,093 

135,355,660 

55,521,777 

50,011,422 

1914 

9,572,918 

11,385.137.127 

None 

159,260,660 

60,907,945 

53,828,583 

1915 

9,687,744 

12.070,420,887 

1.70 

20,519,715 

186,400,660 

42,141,009 

57,342,600 

1916 

10,273,375 

11,790.628,803 

None 

211,404,660 

61,437,404 

62,725,240 

1917 

10,490,080 

12,091.437.643 

1.08 

13,058,7.52 

236,309,660 

61,593,111 

60,881,297 

1918 

10,681,667 

12.520,819.811 

1.06 

13,272,069 

236,214,660 

76,034,631 

73.392,123 

Totals .... 

1,045,086,312 
1,082,053 

1,035,870.491 

Cash  Bala 

Qce  October  1 
Is  transferrert 
ace  June  30, 

,  1880 

Trust  fund 

from  General  Fu 
1918 

nU  1910.. 

407,267 

Cash  Bala 

9,890,616 

\ 

1,046,168.365 

1,046,168,365 

A  one  mill  tax  is  equal  to  Sl.OO  tax  on  each  31,000  of  real  and  personal  property,  the  above  rates  there- 
fore show  for  each  year  the  tax  on  each  31,000  of  valuation. 

The  year  1916  is  for  nine  months  owing  to  the  end  of  the  fiscal  year  having  been  changed  by  Chapter 
118,  Laws  1916,  from  September  30  to  June  30. 

State  Insurance  (Workmen's  Compensation)  Fund — Condition  on  January  1,  1918:  Assets — •  , 
investments,  82,680,155:  cash  on  deposit,  8382,518;  .accrued  interest,  834,780;  policy  holders'  accounts, 
$656,808;  total,  83,754,261.  Liabilities — reserve  for  losses,  83.020,862;  re-serve  for  deferred  claim  expenses. 
$90,626;  reservf  for  unearned  premiums,  8108,129;  reserve  for  expenses,  8135,982;  total,  83,355,579.  The 
net  premium  income  was  $2,694,851.  Losses  paid  were  81,142,411.  of  which  8209,193  were  medical;  8506,284. 
temp.  tot.  dlsab.;  81,376,  perm.  tot.  dlsab.;  815,364,  perm,  partial  dlsab.;  8280,553,  dismemberment;  8111,814, 
death,  dependency;  817.827.  death,  funeral  expenses. 


THE  CHURCH  PENSION  FUND. 

(Of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  of  America,  Headquarters  li  Wall  Street,  Neu  York  City.) 
President — Rt.  Kev.  William  Lawrence,  D.  D.,  Bishop  of  Masfachusetts  Treasurer — J.  Pierpont 
Morgan.  Secretary — Monell  Sayre.  Trustees  (elected  by  the  General  Convention)— Rt.  Rev.  William 
Lawrence,  D.  D.;  Rt.  Rev.  David  H.  Greer,  D.  D.;  Rt.  Rev.  Theodore  M.  Morrison.  D.  D.;  Rt.  Rev. 
Robert  A.  Gibson,  D.  D.;  Rt.  Rev.  Philip  M.  Rhinelander  ,D  D.;  Rt.  Rev.  Rogers  Israel,  D.  D.;  Rev. 
William  T.  Manning.  D.  D.;  Rev.  James  H.  Mcllvaine.  D.  D.;  Rev.  Edward  L.  Parsons.  D.  D.;  Rev. 
Ernest  M.  Stircs,  D.  D.;  Samuel  Mather.  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  William  Fellowes  Morgan,  Charles  A.  Pea- 
body,  William  H.  Truesdale,  Charlton  Yarnell. 


AMERICAN    SUNDAY   SCHOOL    UNION. 

Officers:  President — Martin  L.  Finckel.  Vice-Presidents — James  F.  Stone.  M.  D.,  W.  A.  Obydke. 
Recording  Secretary — William  H.  Hirst.  Treasurer — John  E.  Stevenson.  Secretary  of  Missions — George  P. 
Williams.  D.  D.  Editor  of  Publications — James  McConaughy.  Headquarters.  1816  Chestnut  Street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa, , 

AMERICAN   BOARD  OF  COMMISSIONERS   FOR   FOREIGN    MISSIONS. 

The  head  office  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  is  at  the  Congregational 
House.  14  Beacon  Street,  Boston,  Mass.  There  are  three  district  offices:  (1)  at  the  United  Charities 
Building.  Twenty-second  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York  City.  Rev.  E.  L.  Smith,  D.  D..  Secretary; 
rz)  19  South  La  Salle  Street.  Chicago.  Ill  .  Rev.  A.  N.  Hitchcock,  D.  D..  District  Secretary;  (3)  760  Market 
Street.  San  Francisco,  Cal..  Henry  H.  Kelsey,  D.  D.,  District  Secretary.  Its  oflicei-s  are:  President — Ed- 
ward C.  Moore,  D.  D.  Corresponding  Secretaries — James  L.  Barton,  LL.  D.,  Cornelius  H.  Patton.  D. 
D.,  Edward  L.  Smith,  D.  D.    Treasurer — Frank  H.  Wiggin. 


Assembly  A  pportwv menl. 


883 


AVERAGE     WEEKLY     WAGES      IN      JUNE,      1918,      IN      N.      Y.      FACTORIES. 

A  ^ 

Outside"New  York  City,   i 


INDUSTHY. 


(Stone,  clay  and  glass  products 

Miscellaneous  stone  and  miner.al  produrls. 

Lime  cement,  and  plaster 

Brick,  tile  and  pottery 

Glass 

Metals,  machinery  and  conveyances ... 

Gold,  silver  and  precioiLS  stones 

Brass,  copper,  aluminum,  etc 

Pig  iron  and  rolling  mill  products 

Structural  and  architectural  iron  work   .    . 

Sheet  metal  work  and  iiardwai'e 

Firearms,  tools  and  cutlery 

Coolilng,  heating  and  ventilating  apparal  us 

Machinery  (including  electrical  apparatus) 

Automobiles,  carriages  and  aeroplanes 

Cars,  locomotives  and  railway  repair  shops 

Boat  aad  ship  building 

Instruments  and  appliances 

Wood  manufactures 

Saw  mill  and  planing  mill  products 

Furniture  and  cabinet  work 

Pianos,  organs  and  other  musical  instruments 

Miscellaneous  wood  and  allied  products 
Furs,  leather  and  rubber  goods .  .  . , 

Leather 

Furs  and  fiu"  goods 

Boots  and  shoes 

Miscellaneous  leather  and  canvas  goods 

Rubber  and  gutta  percha  goods 

Pearl,  horn,  bone,  celluloid,  iuiir.  etc.  .  . 
Chemicals,  oils,  painta,  etc 

Drugs  and  chemicals 

Paints,  dyes  and  colors 

Animal  and  mineral  oil  products 

Miscellaneous  chemical  products 

Paper . 


^'EW  YORK  City. 


1918. 


tel.67 
25.11 
24.27 
22.28 
17.81 
21.91 
19.52 
21.01 


25.  S9 
18.59 


Printing  and  paper  noods 

Paper  bO.xes  and  tubes .•-. 

Miscellaneous  paper  goods 

Printing  snd  book  making 

Textiles 

Silk  :ind  silk  goods 

Wool  manufactures 

Cotton  goods 

Cotton  and  woolen  hosiery  and  knit  .noods.  . 

Other  textiles  and  allied  products 

Clothing,  millinery.  laundering,  etc 

Men's  clothing <■ 

:Men's  shirts  and  furnishings 

Women's  clotliing 

Women's  undei-wcar  and  furnishings 

Women's  lieadwea.r .  .  .  .( 

Miscellaneous  sewing 

Laundering,  cleaning,  dyeing,  etc 

Food,  liquors  and  tobacco 

Flour,  feed  and  other  cereal  products 

Fruit  and  vcgetal)le  canning  and  preserving. 

Groceries  not  elsewhere  classified 

Slaughtering,  meat  packing  &  dau-y  products 

Bread  and  other  bakery  products 

Confectionery  and  ice  cream 

Beverages 

Cigars  and  other  tobacco  products 

Water,  light  and  power 


22 .  16 
20.42 
25.75 
20 .  69 
•28.11 
18.04 
IS.  85 
19. SI 
20 .  40 
19 .  70 
10.01 
20.94 


1917. 


SIS. 37 
23.43 
19.04 
17.52 
14.79 
10.96 
18.22 
16.39 


19.57 
14.96 


23 .  09 
23.47 
17.51 
IS. 42 
15.  Si). 
19.49 
14.50 
19.39 
22.96 
19.14 


20 .  43 
10.17 
15.90 
22 .  00 
15.89 
13.87 


I S .  1 5 
17  .55 
19.17 
j7.11 
19.36 
13.80 
18.61 
11.93 
14.37 
17.72 
22.08 
13.89 
20 .  48 
24.92 
16.80 
13.50 
26 .  20 

1.-K41 

22 .  84 


17.90 
10 .  28 
21.15 
10.09 
20.51 
14.75 
14.86 
14.97 
16.86 
)  5 .  86 
12.78 
15.14 


1916. 


815.. 58 
20.07 
15.86 
14.36 
13.12 
15.92 
15,71 
14.40 


17.61 
12.61 


18.34 
15. -24 
13.96 
15.24 
11.90 
16.49 
13.12 
15.60 
19.01 
17.01 


17.17 
13.41 
13.72 
18.49 
12.37 
n  .68 


13.20 

13.  V2 
1 5 .  30 
12.26 
15.. 52 
10.65 
14.. 55 

9.19 
11.83 

14.  (•54 
18.19 
11.80 
16.98 
IS. 73 
14.22 
11.64 
21.95 
12 .  16 
18.81 


Total Ul9.36i.S15. 38  $14.16  S13.00'S21 .01  S16  66  gl4.55  S12.69 


16.00 
10.19 
18 .  05 
15.44 
21.97 
14 .  04 
13.47 
13.40 
15.01 


1915. 


815.03 
20.10 
11.94 
13.81 
14.32 
14.31 
14.77 
12.71 


15.79 
11.17 


15 
11 


14.04 


15.01 
1  ."> .  55 
12.27 
13.24 
11.08 
14.72 
11.58 
14 .  14 
10.30 
10.54 


16.42 
12 .  09 
12.47 
18.08 
11.07 
10.74 


11.76 
12.35 
U.15 
11.39 
13.66 

9.76 
12.. 59 

8.96 
10,29 
13.30 
16.94 
10.22 
15.70 
18.42 
12.95 
10.51 
20.73 
10.16 
17.01 


14.86 
14.03 
18.27 
15.18 
20.30 
12.91 
12.27 
13.19 
13.93 
12.10 
10.04 
12.15 


1918. 


12.75 
13.47 
11.57 
1 2 .  03 
8 .  98 
13.65 
11.01 
13.89 
13.55 
22.46 


16.11 

9.10 

11.83 

17.74 

9.73 

9.54 


10.07 
11.49 
12.70 

9.67 
12.85 

9.43 
11.43 

8.33 

9.93 
12.23 
17.09 

9.4t) 
13.06 
10.52 
12.06 

9.80 
20.68 

9.83 
15.48 


S21.24 
21.74 
23.91 
18.33 
21.39 
24.18 
22.15 
22.26 
31.46 
23.15 
20.01 
23.02 
23.91 
23.48 
24.27 
26.1 
33.97 
19.68 
18.33 
18.98 
17.99 
17.00 
19.21 
18.75 
20.17 


1917. 


19.16 

17.92 

18.52 

15.80 

21.03 

19.91 

20.16 

21.91 

20.59 

21.99 

17.29 

13.30 

15.31 

18.85 

16.18 

14.11 

17.12 

17.8, 

15.42 

16.68 

13.12 

15.54 

11.99 


10.70 


13.78 
12.02 
18.03 
21.69 
11.87 
21.92 
22.00 
16.97 
13.79 
22.09 
12.22 
23.69 


S16.45 
17.48 
18.21 
14.16 
16.77 
19.36 
18.06 
18.10 
25.35 
18.81 
16.46 
17.95 
20.55 
18.30 
20.41 
20.09 
18.88 
16.80 
14.95 
15.03 
15.33 
14.31 
14.11 
15.43 
15.53 


1916.     1915 


16.12 
13.10 
15.28 
12.29 
17.. 54 
18.33 
16.89 
17.43 
17.10 
17.78 
15.00 
10.57 
13.72 
16.45 
12.64 
11.48 
13.32 
13.20 
11.78 
13.36 
11.04 
13.39 
9.95 


S.36 


10.83 
9.88 
15.14 
18.34 
11.22 
17.53 
17.22 
14.29 
10.43 
19.74 
10.97 

19.57: 


S13 
14 
15 
11 
15 
16 
15 
16 
20 
16 
14 
17 
15 
16 
17 
17 
16 
15 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 
13 


.96 
.61 
.36 
.67 
.39 
.79 
.11 
.10 
.21 
.93 
.28 
.19 
.83 
.30 
.79 
.33 
.28 
.48 
.18 
.27 
.07 
.66 
.00 
.12 
.78 


13.61 
11.87 
12.07 
10.87 
14.98 
15.83 
13.57 
14.89 
14.61 
15.82 
13.91 
9.63 
12.26 
15.31 
11.16 
10.38 
11.88 
11.64 
10.29 
12.10 
10.6, 
12.47 
10.13 


''7'Al 


,8.S7 

9.47 

13.61 

15.17 

10.47 

15.60 

14.82 

■12.84 

9.90 

18.85 

9.49 

19.16 


S12.50 
12.43 
13.12 
11.90 
12.70 
14.93 
13.04 
12.93 
16.30 
14.32 
13.78 
14.45 
13.01 
14.90 
17.65 
15.11 
13.53 
13.22 
12.52 
12.67 
12.58 
12.23 
12.32 
11.67 
10.61 


12.31 

10.66 

11.09 

9.68 

13.73 

14.17 

14.90 

13.08 

14.18 

13.35 

13.20 

8.78 

12.16 

14.49 

9.69 

9.62 

9.66 

9.62 

9.49 

10.69 

9.08 

10.86 

8.15 


7.03 


8.90 

8.55 
11.54 
15.14 

6.58 
13.17 
12.81 
11.77 

8.86 
18.66 

8.66 
16.15 


ASSEMBLY    APPORTIONMENT. 


THr.  apportionment  of  New  York  State  .\.ssciubly  Districts  under  the  act  of  the  Legislature  of  June  9, 
1917,  is  as  toUnws: 

Cotinlu. 
Monroe 5 


Cowitif. 

.  ..   3 

Count!/. 
Dutche.ss 

0 

Aileguny. . . .  . . 

jBronx 

. ..   1 
..  8 

Erie      

S 

Essex 

Broome 

..   2 

Franklin 

Fulton-Hamilton, 

Genesee 

Greene              . . 

Cattaraugus. .. 

Cayuga 

Chautauqua  . . 

Chemimg 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Kings 

'?I3 

Cortland 

Oeliiware 

Livingston 

M.ldlson 

Montgomery 1 

Nassau 2 

New  Y'ork .23 

Niagara 2 

Oneida 3 

Onondaga 3 

Ontario 1 

Orange 2 

Orleans 1 

Oswego 1 

Otsego 1 

Putnam 1 


Count!/. 

Queens 6 

Rensselaer 2 

Richmond 2 

Rockland 1 

Saint  Lawrence ...  2 

Saratoga 1 

Schenectady 2 

Schoharie 1 

Schuyler 1 

Seneca 1 

Steuben 2 

Suttolk.  ; 2 


County. 

Sullivan 1 

Tioga i 

Tompkins 1 

Ulster •.  . .  1 

Wan'en 1 

Washington 1 

Wayne 1 

Westchester 5 

Wyoming 1 

Yates 1 

Total 150 


834 


Taxation  in  New  York  State. 


NEW     YORK     STATE     VITAL     STATISTICSr    1917. 

(By  the  State  Department  of  Health.) 


AGE  OB  Cause  of 

1917. 

1916.            1 

AGE    OK    CAUSE    OF 
DEATH. 

1917, 

1916. 

DEATH. 

No. 

Rate. 

No. 

Rate. 

No. 

Rate. 

No. 

Rate. 

Estimated  population. 
Total  births 

10,490,680 

246,196 

153,501 

22,411 

8,979 

31,390 

79.077 

43,034 

153,501 

591 

•    892 

261 

886 

1,745 

310 

94 

1,646 

16,556 

14,739 

1,066 

751 

9,686 

■  ■  23.5 

14.6 

91.0 

85.6 

299.2 

753.8 

410.2 

1,463.2 

5.6 

8.5 

2.5 

8.4 

16.6 

3.0 

.9 

15.7 

157.8 

140.5 

10.2 

7.2 

92.3 

10,299,702 

240,817 

151,543 

22,731 

10,887 

33,618 

76,097 

41,828 

151,543 

603 

928 

178 

745 

1,524 

301 

3,351 

2,267 

15,820 

14,069 

1,081 

670 

9,419 

■  '  23.4 , 

14.7 

94.0 

105.7 

326.4 

738.8 

406.1 

1,471.3 

5.9 

9.0 

1.7 

7.2 

14.8 

2.9 

32.5 

22.0 

153.6 

136.6 

10.5 

6.5 

91.4 

Diabetes 

2,271 
6,779 

22,502 
4,636 
1,843 

18,677 
«      6,665 

12,012 
5,604 
1,166 
1,276 
1,310 

13,101 

1,310 

456 

7,756 

879 

9,249 

1,027 

1,417 

405 

20,653 

21.6 

64.6 

214.5 

•  44.2 

17.6 

178.0 

63.6 

114.5 

53.4 

11. 1 

12.2 

12.5 

124.9 

12.5 

4.3 

73.9 

8.4 

88.2 

9.8 

13.5 

3.9 

196.9 

2,151 
6,471 

21,837 
4,466 
1,857 

17,314 
6,942 

10,372 

.  5,387 

1,231 

1,267 

1,412 

12,801 

1,231 

429 

7,868 

1,015 

8,196 

820 

1,492 

403 

20,008 

20.9 

Cereb.  hemorr.,  apop 

Organic  dis.  heart 

Arteriosclerosis. 

Bi'onchitis 

62.8 

Total  deaths 

Under  1  year 

'  1-4  years ........ 

Total  under  5  years. 

'  5-65  years 

65  years  and  over .  . 
Deaths — ^AU  causes... 

Typhoid  fever 

Measles 

212.0 
43.4 
18.0 

Pneumonia  (all  forms) 
Bronchopneumonia. 
Ix)bar 

168.1 
67.i 
100.7 

Dlar.  &  enter,  (under  2) 
AoDendicitis 

62.3 
12.0 

Hernia,  lutes,  obst 

Cirrhosis  of  liver 

Acute  neph.,  Brlght's. 
Diseases  of  puerp .... 

Puerperal  septi 

Congen.  debi.,  mail's 
Old  age 

12.3 

Scarlet  lever 

Whooping  cough 

Diphtheria 

13.7 

124.3 

12.0 

Cerebrospinal  men. . . 
Poliomyelitis 

4.2 

76.4 

9.9 

Tubercu.  (all  forms) . . 

Pulmonary  tubercu. 

Tuberculous  men .  . 

Other  forms 

Cancer  (all  forms) .  .  . 

Accidents  (ext.  causes) 

Auto,  accidents .... 

Suicides 

79.6 
8.0 
14.5 

3.9 

All  other  causes 

194.3 

Total  birtli  and  death  rates  per  1,000  population;  deaths  under  1  year  (Infant  mortality  rate)  per  1,000 
living  births;  death  rates  for  otlier  ages  and  by  causes  per  100,000  total  population. 


TAXATION     IN      NEW     YORK     STATE. 


Year. 


Real  Estate 
Valuations. 


Personalty 
Valuations. 


Total 

Valuations. 


State  Taxes. 


Town,  County, 

School  and 
Special  Taxes. 


Total  Tax. 


1870 

1871 

1872 

1873 

1874 

1876 

1876 

1877 

1878 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882.  w..,.;. 
1883.....]. 
1884.'.v.>v3. 
1885>,.i.itiJ, 
1885.;.  I' .Si  J. 
1887v,i..:.;iJ. 
1888^,..^.,. 
1889-;. :.;-.]. 
189fti.i'-.>v:;. 
1891  J.  (.,«.. 
1892i-;fK-.  • 

1894.  .;,.■.! . 
189a,;,. .  1  • 
189Sj.'.,.. ;. 
1897;.  ..;.s. 
1898. -J.... 
1899... ;;.  I. 
IQOOi... J.. 

1901 i.. 

1902. 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910. ..... 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914...... 

1915 

1916 

1917 


Dollars. 
1,599,930,166 
1,641,379,410 
1,692,523,071 
1,750,698,918 
1,960,352,703 
2,108,325,872 
2,376,252,178 
2.373,408,540 
2,333,669,813 
2,315,400,526 
2,340,335,690 
2*432,661,378 
2,557,218,240 
2,669,173,011 
2,762,348,218 
2399,899.062 
3,025,229,788 
,3,122,588,084 
3,213.171,201 
3,298,323,931 
3.397,234,679 
3,526,645,815 
3,626,645,093 
3,761,679,384 
3,841,582,748 
3,908,853,377 
4,041,826,586 
4,349,801,526 
4,413,848,496 
4,811,593,039 
5,093,025,771 
5,169,308,069 
6,297,754,482 
6,r49,509,958 
7,051,455,025 
7,312,621,452 
7,933,057,917 
8,5.53,298,187 
9,117,352,838 
9,266,628,484 
9,639,001,868 
10,561,501,373 
10,684,290,188 
10,960,260,892 
11,146,271,012 
11,335,638,806 
11,605,704,825 
12.006.966,764 


Dollars. 
452,607,732 
447,248,035 
437,102,215 
418,608,955 
407,427,399 
357,941,401 
379,488,140 
364,960,110 
352,469.320 
322,468,712 
340,921,916 
351,021,189 
315,039,085 
345,418,361 
332.383,239 
324,783.281 
335,898,389 
346,611,861 
354,268,556 
385,329,131 
382,159,067 
405,095,684 
491,675,158 
540,708,935 
562,193,379 
541,621,122 
544,311,557 
649,364,694 
768,581,839 
742,959.229 
672.715,703 
960,152,352 
926,871,017 
1,152,169,443 
1,104,370,798 
1,172,456,705 
1,069,967,682 
1,080,151,538 
959,532,993 
964,286,767 
913,161,890 
915,171,426 
915,743,835 
892,660,361 
924,149,875 
938,802,947 
981,580,234 
1,046.766,992 


Dollars. 
2,062,537,898 
2,088,627,445 
2,129,625,286 
2,169,307,813 
2,367,780,102 
2,466,267,273 
2,755,740,318 
2,738,368,650 
2,686,139,133 
2,637,869,238 
2,681,257,606 
2,783,682,567 
2,872,257,325 
3,014,591,372 
3,094,731,457 
3,224,682,343 
3,361,128,177 
3,469,199,945 
3,667,429,757 
3,683,653,062 
3,779,393,746 
3,931,741,499 
4,118,320,251 
4,302,388,319 
4,403,776,127 
4,450,474,499 
4,586,138,143 
4,999,166,220 
5,172,430,335 
5,554,552,268 
6,765,741,474 
5,870,873,974 
6,970,003,536 
7,668,713,123 
7,810,348,629 
8,129,021,386 
8,630,064,499 
9,227,709,503 
9,667,433,953 
9,822,251,554 
10,121,601,061 
11,023,802,214 
11,131,778,917 
11,852,162,140 
12.070,420,887 
12,274,441,753 
12,587,285,059 
13,053,733,756 


Dollars. 
14,286,976 
11,613,943 
19,850,882 
14,800,903 
15,727,482 
14,206,680 
8,529,174 
8,726,511 
7,941,297 
7,690,416 
9,232,543 
6,032,826 
6,820,022 
9,334,886 
7,762,572 
9,160,405 
9,512,812 
9,075,046 
9,089,303 
12,557.362 
8,619,748 
6,196,666 
7,784,848 
10,418,192 
9,600,231 
13,906,346 
11,751,837 
12,033,651 
10,189,110 
12,640,228 
10,704,153 
6,824,306 
748,072 
761.085 
968,041 
1,191,677 
No  tax. 
No  tax. 
No  tax. 
No  tax. 
No  tax. 
6,072,766 
11,022,985 
6,460,093 
No  tax. 
20,519,715 

No  tax. 
13,058,752 


Dollars. 
36,042,707 
34,060,543 
43.661,063 
36,643,632 
42,083,899 
42,719,790 
43,619,194 
41,510,653 
40,105,944 
39,468,058 
39,885,238 
43,253,946 
40,753,797 
41,601,902 
44,610,134 
48,105,244 
48,597,266 
48,256,144 
1  51,550,502 
I  47,626.451 
5   52,004,724 
'    5|,220,743 
56,010,413 
'   56,856,837 
'   67,377,657 
'   68,494,597 
'  '67,441,809 
■  '68,611,654 
!    63,760,962 
1   90,299,778 
f  >91,479,624 
>  '98,831,906 
103,359,289 
94,228,771 
102,708,421 
105,250,048 
111,340,919 
122,825,892 
140,025,102 
144,072  481 
153,310,430 
233,432,146 
214,089,769 
268,346,924 
224,712,395 
242,753,985 
251,263.714 
284,391.211 


Dollars. 

50,328,684 

45,674,486 

63,511,936 

51,444,536 

57,811,381 

56,926,470 

52,148,368 

50,237,164 

48,047,241 

47,148,475 

49,117,782 

49,280,772 

47,573,820 

50,930,788 

52,372,707 

57,265,650 

58,110.078 

57,331,191 

60,639,806 

60,183,803 

60,624,473 

60,417,409 

63,795,261 

67,274,029 

66,977,889 

72,400,944 

79,193,647 

80,045,206 

63,960,072 

102,940,006  • 

100,099,372 

105,656,212 

104.107,361 

94,989,856 

103,676,463 

106,441,726 

111,340,919 

122,825  892 

140,025,102 

144,072,481 

153,310,430 

239,504,913 

225,112,754 

274,637,504 

224,712,396 

203,273,700 

251,263,714 

297,449,963 


Excise  Revenues  of  the  State  tmdcr  liquor  tax  laws,  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  totaled  §22.616,443, 
.es  against  $20,747,508  in  1917.    •  .  ■ 


Neio  York  State  Government. 


NEW    YORK    STATE    GOVERNMENT. 

(Revised  to  January  1,  1919,  only  as  to  oflflcials  elected  November  5,  1918.) 

dovernof.: Alfred  E.  Smith Term  ex.  Dec.  31,  1920. Salary,  SIO.OOO  and  inaiislou. 

WeMfen'mt-Coeernor.. Harry  C.  Walker,  Syracuse. ..; .     "       "         "  "  "  5,000 


Senetani  of  State Francis  M.  Hugo,  Watertown 

Comptroller Eugene  M,  Travis,  Brooklyu. 

State  Treasurer James  h.  Wells,  New  York. . . 

AUornev-GeneTa%. Charles  D.  Newton, 

State  Engineer  and  Surveyor. .  .Frank  M.  Williams,  Goshen. . 
.•Superintendent  Public  Works . .  W.  W.  Wotherspoou 


Term.  ex.  Dec.  .31,1020.  Salary  56.000 
.  .     •■       ■•  "        1920.      "         8.000 

1920.       ••         6,000 

. 1920.      "       10.000 

1920.      "         8.000 

Jan.  1,  1919.      "         8,000 


CommUHoner  of  Edvcatlon John  n.  Finley,  New  York Term  during  the  pleasure  ol  the  Board 

of  Regents.    Salary,  $10,000. 


CIVIL  SERVICE   COMMISSIOXEBS. 

John  C.  Clark,  Chairman,  85,000. 
Willard  D.  McKinstry,  Watertown,  S4,000. 
William  Gorham  Rice,  Albany,  £4,000. 
John  C.  Blrdseye,  Secretary. 

■  -  CONSERVATION  COMMISSIONEK. 

George  D.  Pratt,  N.  Y.,  88,000. 

STATE   COMMISSIONER  OF  EXCISE. 

H.  S.  Sisson.  Collins.  $7,000. 

COURT  OF  CLAIMS. 

W.  W.  Webb,  Rochester;  F.  M.  Ackerson,  Niagara 
Falls;  T.  F.  Fennell.  Elmira.  Additional  Judges, 
C.  R.  Paris,  Hud.son  Falls;  W.  D.  Cunningluini, 
Ellenville.       $8,000. 

STATE  COMMISSIONER  OF  HEALTH. 
...         H.M.  Biggs.  M.D.,N.  Y.,  S8,000. 
HEALTH    OFFICER   OP  THE  PORT  OP  NEW   YORK. 

L.  E.  Gofer,  M.  D.,  N.  Y.,  $12,500. 

■  ■  STATE  INDUSTRIAL  COMMISSION. 

John  Mitchell,  Mount  Vernon,  Chairman:  J,  M. 
Lynch,  Syracuse;  H.  D.  Sayer,  Rochester;  E.  P. 
Lyon,  Brooklyn:  Louis  Wiard,  Batavia.  .SS.OOO. 
Secretary,   W.  S.   Coffey,  Westchestpr. 

;  STATE    HOSPITAL    COMMISSION. 

C.  W.  Pilgrim,  M.  D.,  57,500;  A.  D.  Morgan,  .So.OOO; 
F.  A.  Hlggins,  35,000.     Each  Sl,200  expeu.ses. 

ST.\TE    SUPERINTENDENT   OF   ELECTIONS. 

Frederick  L.  Marshall,  New  York.    Salary,  S5.000. 


REGENTS   OF  THE    UXIVERSITT. 

Chancellor — Pliny  T.  Spxton.  Vice-ChanceUor — Al- 
bert Vauder  Veer.  Adelbert  Moot,  William 
Nottingham,  Abram  I.  Elkus,  Cheater  S.  Lord, 
Francis  M.  Carpenter,  Charles  B.  Alexander. 
John  Moore,  Walter  Guest  Kellogg,  Herbert  L. 
Bridgman,  James  Byrne. 

.STATE   BOARD   OF  CHARITIES. 

W.  R.  Stewart,  N.  Y.;  J.  R.  Kevin,  Brooklyn, 
S.  W.  Rosendale,  Albany;  F.  F.  Gow.  Schuyler- 
ville;  C.  H.  Lewis.  Syracuse;  Horace  McGuire. 
Rochester;  W.  H.  Gratwick.  Buffalo;  Stephen 
Smith.  M.  D..  N.  Y.;  Henry  Marquand,  Mt. 
Kisco;  D.  W.  Burdick,  Ithaca;  G.  J.  Gillespie, 
N.  Y.;  V.  F.  Rldder,  N.  Y. 

STATE  COMMISSION  OF  PRISONS. 

Henry  Solomon,  N.  Y.;  R.  M.  Hurd,  N.  Y.:  Mrs. 
Sarah  L.  Davenport,  Bath;  J.  S.  Kennedy,  Brook- 
lyn; M.  H.  Pierce,  Gouverneur;  F.  E.  Wade, 
Buffalo;  A.  J.  Halloway,  Buffalo.  Term  lour  years. 
.SIO  for  each  day's  attendance  at  meetings. 

STATE  FOOD  COMMISSION. 

.loUn  Mitchell,  Chairman:  J.  G.  Schurman,  C.  A. 
Weiting.  Terias  end  three  months  after  war. 
(No    .salary) . 

STATE    TROOPERS. 

I  Major  Geo.  F.  Chandler,   Superintendent:      $5,000. 


MAYORS    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    YORK. 

Before  the  Revolution  the  Mayor  was  appointed  by  the 'Oovernor  of  the  Province;  and  from  1784" 
to  1820  by  the  Appointing  Board  of  the  State  of  New  York,  of  which  ttic  Governor  was  the  chief  member. 
From  1S20  to  the  amendment  of  the  Charter,  in  1S30.  tlic  Mayor  was  appointed  by  the  Common  Council. 
In  1898  the  term  of  the  first  Mayor  of  Greater  New  Yorlc  (Van  W.^•ek)  b«gan. 


Mayors. 

Terms . 

M\Y0HS. 

Terms . 

M.WOBS. 

Terms . 

1  Thomas  AVillett 

1665 

34 

Johannes  Jii  isseii 

1725-1726 

67 

William  V.  Brady 

1847-1848 

?. 

Thomas  Delavall 

1666 

ffi 

Robert  Lurting 

1726-1735 

68 

Wm.  F.  Havemeyer.  .  . 

1848-1849 

3 

Thomas  AVillett 

Cornelius  Steenwyck. . . 

1667 
1668-1670 

36 
37 

Paul  Richunl 

1735-1739 
1739-1744 

69 
70 

Caleb  S.  Woodhull 

Ambrose  C.  Kingsland . 

1849-1851 

4 

John  Cruger,  f^r 

1851-1853 

R 

Thomas  Delavall. 

1671 

38 

Stephen  Bayard 

1744-1747 

71 

Jacob  A.  Weatervclt. .  . 

1853-1855 

8 

Mattlilas  Nicolls 

1673 

39 

Edward  Holland 

1747-1757 

72 

Fernando  Wood 

1855-1858 

7 

John  Lawrence 

1673 

4U 

John  C^ruger.  Jr 

1757-1766 

73 

Daniel  F.  Tlemjiini .... 

1858-1860 

R 

William  Dervall 

1675 

41 

Whitehcnd  Hicks 

1766-1776 

74 

Fernando  Wood 

1860-1882 

9 

Nicliolas  de  Meyer.  .  .  . 

1676 

42 

David  Matthews,  Tory. 

17(6-1784 

75 

George  Opdyke 

1862-1864 

10 

S.  van  Cortlandt 

1677   . 

43 

James  Duane 

1784-1789 

76 

C.  Godfrey  Gunther. .  . 

1864-1866 

It 

Thomas  Delavall 

1678 

44 

Richard  Varick 

1 789-1301 

77 

John  T.  Hoffman 

1866-1868 

l'^ 

Francis  Rombouls 

1679 

45 

Edward  Llvhmsloii..  .  . 

1801-1803 

78 

T.Coman  (act'g Mayor) 

1868 

19 

William  Dyre 

1680-1681 
1682-1683 

46 
47 

De  Witt  Clinlon 

Marinus  Willeti 

1303-1807 
1807-1808 

V9 
80 

A.  Oakey  Hall 

Wm.  F.  Havemeyer .  .  . 

1869-1872 

14 

Cornelius  Steenwyck . . . 

1873-1874 

15 

Gabriel  Mlnville 

1684 

48 

De  Witt  Cliutori 

1808-1810 

81 

.S.  B.  H.  Vance  (Acting) 

1874 

Ifi 

Nicholas  Bayard 

1685 

49 

Jacob  Radclilf 

1810-1811 

82 

William  H.  Wickham. . 

1875-1876 

17 

S.  van  Cortlandt 

Peter  Delanoy 

John  Lawrence 

1686-1687 

'id 

De  Witt  Clinton 

1811-1815 

83 

Smith  Ely 

1877-1878 

1689-1690 

51 

John  Ferguson 

1815 

84 

Edward  Cooper 

1879-1880 

"t 

1691 

52 

Jacob  Radclilf 

1S15-181S 

85 

William  R.  Grace 

1881-1882 

n 

Abraham  De  Peyster .  . 

1692-1695 

53 

Cadwallader  D.  C'oUlen. 

1818-1821 

86 

Franlslin  Edson 

1883-1884 

>\ 

William  Merrltt 

Johannes  De  Pcyslcr.  . 

1695-1698 
1698-1699 

54 

55 

Stephen  Allen ." 

1821-1824 
1825-1826 

87 
88 

Willis m  R.  Grace 

Abram  S.  Hewitt 

1885-1888 

•?■> 

William  Paulding 

1887-1888 

71 

David  Provost 

Isaac  de  Reimer 

1699-1700 
1700-1701 

56 
57 

Philip  Hone 

1820-1827 
1827-1S29 

89 
90 

Hugh  J.  Grant 

Thomas  F.  Gilroy 

1889-1892 

•M 

William  Paulding 

1893-1894 

■•'i 

1701-1702 
1702-1703 
1703-1707 

58 
59 
60 

Walter  Bownc 

Gideon  Lee ...          .... 

1829-1833 
1833-18:J4 
1834-1837 

91 
92 
If 

William  L.  Strong 

Robert  A.  Van  Wyck . . 
Seth  Low 

1895-1897 

■'6 

Philip  French 

William  Peartree 

Ebenezer  Wilson 

Jacobus  van  Cortlandt . 

1898-1901 

27 
'8 

1902-1903 

1707-1710 
1710-1711 

61 

62 

.Aaron  Clark 

1837-1839 
1839-1841 

94 
95 

George  B.  McCleilan .  . 
William  J.  Gaynort — 

1904-1909 

m 

Isaac  L.  Variau 

1910-1913 

Sft 

Caleb  Heathcote 

I711-I714 

63 

Robert  H.  Morris 

1841-1844 

96 

Ardolph  L.  Kline§ 

1913 

HI 

1714-1719 
1719-1720 

64 
65 

James  Harper 

1844-1845 
1845-1846 

9/ 
98 

John  Purroy  Mitchel. . . 
John  F.  Hylan 

1914-1917 
1918- 

?.?. 

Jacobus  van  Cortlandt . 

Wrp.  F.  Havemeyer 

33 

Robert  Walters 

1720-1725 

661  Andrew  H.  Mickle 

1S46-1847 

{  John  Purroy  Mitchel,  President  of  the  Board  of  .Xklorraen,  had  full  power  as  Mayor  durmg  Pftrt  of 
i?9Ptember  and  October,  1910,  while  istayor  Gaj'iior  wus  disabled  hy  an  attempted  assassination.  }  FUlea 
iwxpired  tenn  of  Mayor  Gaj'nor.  deceased. 


83G 


Legislature  of  the  State  of  New  York. 


LECISLATURE  OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK. 

SENATE— 1910. 
President — Lleutenaut-Goveraor  Edward  Schoeneck, 


mst.    Names  of  Senators.    Politics. 

1  G.  Jj.  Thompson Rep.* 

2  Fi-anK  Adel Dem. 

3  P.  J.  McGaiTy Dem. 

4  K.  F.  Sutherland Dem. 

5  X>.  F.  Fan-ell Dem. 

6  L.  M.  Black,  -Jr Dem. 

7  C.  C.  Lockwood Uep.* 

8  A.  BurUiiijame,  Jr Rep.* 

9  C.  E.  Russell Dem. 

10  J,  F.  Twomey Dem. 

H  D.  J.  Carroll Dem.* 

12  J.  J.  Walker Dem.* 

13  J.  J.  Boylan. Dem.* 

14  B.  Downins R.  &  D.* 

15  A.  Kaolan Dem. 

If,  J.  A.  Foley Dem.* 

17  JuUu3  Miller Dem. 

18  S.  A.  Cotillo Dem.* 

19  E.  J.  Dowling Dem.* 

20  W.  C.  Dodge Dem. 


DisL    Names  of  Senators.    Politics. 

21  H.  G.  Shackno Dem. 

22  P.  A.  Abelea R.  &  D. 

23  J.  J.  Dunnlgan-.-. Dem.* 

24  .7.  A.  Lynch Dem. 

25  G.  T.  Burling Rep. 

25  W.  W.  Law,  Jr Rep. 

27  C.  H.  Baumes Rep. 

2S  J.  El  Towner Rep.* 

29  C.  W.  Walton .Rep.* 

30  H.  M.  Sage Rep.* 

31  J.  J.  Mackrell Dem. 

32  J.  W.  Yelverton Rep.* 

33  M.  Y.  Ferris Rep. 

34  N.  M.  Marshal! Rep.* 

35  B.  Z.  Kasson Rep. 

36  F.  M.  Davenport Rep. 

37  F.  B.  Pitcher Rep. 

38  J.  H.  Walters Rep.* 

39  A.  P.  Brown Rep.* 

40  C.  R.  Lusk Rep. 

ASSEMBLY— 1919. 


Rep.,  ol  Syracuse. 
DUt.    Names  of  Senatars.     i\iMetc.«. 

41  S.  Lowman Repl 

42  C.  J.  Hewitt Rep.* 

43  W.  A.  Carson R«p.* 

44  John  Knlglit ...:.;...  R.  &  D.* 

45  J.  L.  Whitley. Rep; 

46  J.  B.  Mullau ttcp;* 

47  G.  F.  Thompson .  Hep.* 

48  Ross  Graves Repi* 

49  S.  J.  Ramsperger. ..... .Dem.* 

50  L.  W.  H.  GitJbS Rep^* 

51  J.  S.  Fowler. Rep.* 


RECAPITULATION. 

Republicans 32 

Democrats IS 


Total 

*  Re-elected. 


.51 


Whitney  Point. 
Union. 

Frauklinvillc. 

Red  Creek. 


I>lsC.     Names  of  Members.        Politics.  P.  O.  Address. 

1  Clarence  F.  Welsh* Rep.  .Albany. 

2  John  G.  Malone* Rep.  .Albany. 

3  J.  M.  GaHers* Rep.  .Watervllet. 

ALLEGANT. 

William  Duke,  Jr.* Rep. . WeUsville. 

BRONX. 

1  Earl  H.  :MllIer* Dem .  New  York  City. 

2  Edward  J.  Flypn* Dem .  New  York  City. 

3  R.  S.  MuUer R.&D.New  York  City. 

4  M    M.  Fertlg R.&D.New  York  City. 

5  W   S  Evans '.  .R.&D.New  York  City. 

6  Thomas  J.  McDonald* ....  Dem .  New  York  City. 

7  Joseph  V.  McKee* Dem  .  New  York  City. 

8  J.  Fairfax  McLaughlin* ....  Dem  .  New  York  City. 

BROOME. 

1  Edmund  B.  Jenks* Rep . 

2  F.  E.  Whltcomb* Rep. 

CATTARAUGUS. 

Do  Hart  H.  Ames* Rep . 

CAYUGA. 

L.  Ford  Hager* Rep . 

CHAUTAUQUA. 

1  H.  L.  Ames* Rep.  .Jamestown. 

2  Joseph  A.  McGlnnles* Rep.  .Ripley. 

CHEMUXG. 

J.  J.  Richford* Rep.  .Horseheads. 

CHENANGO. 

Bert  Lord* Rep.  .Alton. 

'  CLINTON. 

.Wallace  13.  Pierce* Rep.  .Plattsbun:. 

'  COLUMBW. 

Joim  W:  Scott ,. .  Rep.  .Hudson. 

CORTLAND. 

Irving  F.  Rice Rep.  .CorUand. 

DELAWARE. 

L.  K.  Long Rep.  .Etv3t  Brand). 

DUTCHESS. 

1  J.  G.  Webb Rep.  .Clinton  Corners 

2  tYank  L.  Gardner* Rep.  .Poughkeepsie. 

ERIE. 

1  G.  E.  D.  Brady Rep.  .Buffalo, 

2  John  W.  Slacer* Rep.  .Buffalo. 

3  Nicholas  J.  Miller* Rep,  .Buffalo. 

4  A.  T.  Beasley B.&D .  Buffalo. 

5  A.  A.  Patrzykowskl* Dem .  Buffalo. 

«  G.  H.  Rowe* Rep.  .Buffalo. 

7  Herbert  A.  Zimmerman* . . . Rep .  .Buffalo. 

8  Nelson  W.  Cheney* Rep.  .Eden. 

ESSEX. 

Raymond  T.  Keny on* Rep . .  Ausable  Forks. 

FHANKLDn''. 

Warren  T.  Thayer* Rep.  .Chateaugay. 


FULTON-HAMILTON. 

Dist.    Names  of  Members.       Politics.  P.  O.  Address. 
E.  Hutchinson Rep 

GENESEE. 

C.  P.  Miller Rep '. . 


GREENE. 

Harding  Showers* Rep.  .TannersA'ille. 

HERKIMER, 

Edward  O.  Da\'le.s* Rep.  .llion. 

JEFFBRSON. 

H.  Edmund  Machold* Rep.  .Elllsburi;. 


KINGS. 

John  J.  Griffith Dem. Brooklyn. 

Thos.  J.  Cox Dem  .  Brooklyn. 

Frank  J.  Tavlor* Dem .  Brooklyn. 

Peter  A.  McArdle* Dem .  Brooklyn. 

James  H.  Caulfield,  Jr.*.. .  .  Kep.  .Brooklyn. 

M.  Solomon Dem .  Brooklyn. 

J.  J.  Kelly Dem. Brooklyn. 

E.  J.  Flannagan- Dem .  Brooklyn. 

Frederick  S.  Burr* ...   Dent. Brooklyn. 

Hosie  W.  Smith* Dem . Brooklyn. 

Daniel  J.  l..yons Dem. Brooklyn., 

Albert  Link* .Dem. Brooklyn. 

Morgan  T.  Donnelly*-. . . .  .  Dem . Brooklyn . 

Joseph  Lenton .Dem. Brooklyn. 

C.  J.  McWilllams ....  .Dem. Brooklyn. 

ifi  D.  Drechsier Dem. Brooklyn. 

17  Frederick  A.  Wells* Rep.  .Brooklyn. 

C.  C.  Johnson ,.  „. . .  Dem. Brooklyn. 

BenJ.  C.  Kllngraan* ;.;";'.  .Dem. Brooklyn. 

George  Day  Braun* ..Dem. Brook  yn. 

Wilfred  E.  Youker* Rep.  .Brooklyn. 

22  James  J.  Morris* .  . .  v 'j .  •.  .   Dem .  Brooklyn. 

23  Charles  Solomon Hoc.  .Brooklyn. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 


18 
19 
20 
21 


LEWIS. 

A.  A.  Copeley* Rep, . 

LIVINGSTON. 

George  F.  Wheelock* Rep. . 

MADISON. 

Morell  E.  Tallett* Kep. . 

MONROE. 

James  A.  Harris* Rep. . 

Simon  L.  Adler* Rep. . 

Harry  B.  Crowley* ........  Rep. . 

Frank  Dobson* Rep . . 

Franklin  W.  Judson* Rep. 

MONTGOMERY. 

A.  A.  Walrath. Rep. 

NASSAU. 

Thomas  A.  McWhlnney*  .  .Rep. 
F.  A.  Coles* Rep. 

NEW   YORK. 

Peter  J.  HamiU* Dem 

Caesar  B.  F.  Barra* Dem 

Peter  P.  McElligott* Dem 


Lowvillc. 
LeicesvcT. 

De  Ruyter. 

East  Roi-hester. 
Rochester. 
Rochester. 
Rochester. 
Lincoln  P.Hrk. 

Fonda. 

Lawrence. 
Glen  Cove. 


New  York  City. 
New  York  City. 
New  YorJi  City. 


International  Order  of  Good  Templars. 


837 


ASSEMBLY — Continued. 


NEW  YORK — Contimied. 
Olst.     Sfjmes  of  Members.        Politics.  P. 

4  Samuel  Dickoteiii Dem .  New 

5  Charles  G.  Donoliue* Dem. New 

6  Sol  UUinan Dem .  New 

7  Mary  M.  Llbby Dem .  New 

8  Herman  Weiss Rep.  .New 

9  Phil.  A.  Walter Dem .  New 

10  Wm.  W.  Pellet Rep.  .New 

11  Leo  A.  Kahn Dem .  New 

12  Martin  G.  MeCue* Dem  .  New 

13  John  J.  Cronin Dem .  New 

14  Mark  Goldberg* Djem .  New 

15  Jos.  Steinberg. Rep 


16  Maurice  Bloch* Dem .  New 

17  August  Claessens* Soc. . .  New 

18  Owen-  M.  Klernan* Dem  .  New 

19  M.  J.  Healy Dem .  New 

20  Charles  A.  Winter* Dem .  New 

21  John  C.  Hawkins Rep.  .New 

22  Earl  A.  Smith* Dem .  New 

23  B.  E.  Burston Dem .  New 


O.  Adaress- 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  City. 
York  Cit>'. 


'  NIAGARA. 

i  William  Bewley* Rep. 

2  N.  V.  Frenchot* Rej). 

ONEIDA. 

1  H.  W.  Booth Rep 

2  Louis  M.  Martin* Rej). 

3  George  T.  Davis* Rep. 

ONONWAGA. 

1  Manuel  J.  Soule* Rej). 

•i  G.  J.  Chamberlin Rep. 

3  Georse  R.  Fearon* Rop . 

ONTARIO. 

G.  W.  Tylor* Rep. 

ORANGE. 

1  William  F.  Brusli* Rep. 

2  Charles  L.  Mead* Rep. 

OHLEANS. 

Frank  H.  Lattin* Rep. 

flMWEGO. 

Thaddeiis  C.  Sweet* Rep. 

OTSEGO. 

AUen  J.  Bloomfield* Rep. 

rt;TNAM. 
John  P.  Donohue* Reii . 


Lockport. 
Niagara  Falls. 

Utica. 

Clinton. 

Rome. 

Kuclid. 

Syracuse. 

Syracuse. 

Holcoml). 

Newburgh, 
MiddletoMn. 

Albion. 

Phoenix. 

Richfield  Sjir'gs 

Garrison. 

Long  Isl.  City. 


QUEENS. 

1  Peter  A.  Leininger* Dem . 

2  B.  Schwab Dem . 

3  John  Kennedy* Dem .  Glendale,  L.  I. 

4  J.  H.  Maloy,  Jr Dem 

5  Albert  J.  Brakley* Dem .  Far  Rock'v.L.I. 

6  William  H.  O'Hare* Dem .  Glendale,  L.  I. 

nEKNSSELAER, 

1  John  F.  Shannon* Dem .  Trov. 

2  Artluu-  Cowee* Rep.  .Berlin. 

RICHMOND. 

1  Thomas  F.  Curley* Dem  .  Castleton,  S.  T. 

2  Harry  A.  Seeselberg' Dem .  Tompkv'e,  S.  I. 

♦Members  of  the  la.st  Assembly.    Assemblymen 


ROCKLAND. 

Dlst.    Names  of  Members.     .  Politics.  P.  O.  Address, 
G.  H.  Peck* Rep.  .Pearl  River. 

ST.   LAWRENCE. 

1  Frank  L.  Seaker* Rep . .  Gouverneur. 

2  Edward  A.  Everett* Ren . .  Potsdam. 

S-^RATOGA. 

C.  C.  Smith Rep 


.   SCHENECTADY. 

1  AValter  S.  McNab* Rep.  .Schenectady. 

2  A.  E.  Davies* Rep.  .Schenectady. 

SCHOHARIE. 

H-.  M.  Greenwald Rep >.. , 


SCHUYLER. 

H.  H.  Graham* Rep.. Odessa. 

SENECA. 

Lewis  W.  Johnson* Rep.  .Seneca  Falls. 

STEUBEN. 

1  .Samuel  E.  Qua6kenbush* .  .Rep.  .Corning. 

2  D.  C.  Hunter Rep.  .Hornell. 

SUFFOLK. 

1  John  G.  Downs Rep 

2  Ida  B.  Sammls Rep 

SULLIVAN. 

W.J.  Brown Rep 

TIOGA. 

Daniel  P.  Witter* Rep . .  Berkshire. 

TOMPKINS. 

Ciasper  Fcnner* Rep.  .Heddens. 

ULSTER. 

Joel  Brink* Rep.  .Lake  Katrine. 

WARREN. 

F.  Hooper* Rep. .Lake  George.. 

WASHINGTON. 

K.  R.  Norton Rej) 

WAY^NE. 

Frank  D.  Gaylord* Rep.  Sodus. 

WESTCHESTER. 

1  B.  G.  Burnett* Rep..Yonker3. 

2  W.  W.  Westall Rep.  .Mount  Vernon. 

3  E.  J.  Wilson Rep..Bri'cliff  Manor. 

•t  C.  Vezin,  Jr Rep.  .Wliite  Plains. 

5  G.  Blakely* Rep.  .Yonkers.  ■ 

WYOMING. 

Bert  P.  Gage* Ren.  .Warsaw. 

YATES. 

J.  M.  Lown.  Jr.* ....... .' .Rep.  .Penn  Yan.    . 

RECAPITULATION.  .■ 

Republicans ■ 97 

Democrats .'52 

Socialists ••••:■ ;,     }_ 

Total 150 

are  elected  for  one  year.    Salary,  SI, 500  and  italleage 


SENATE. 

Republicans 32 

Democrats 15 


ASSEMBLY. 

Republicans 97 

Democrats 52 

.Socialists 1 


JOINT     SESSION     OF     LEGISLATfRE. 

Republicans 132 

Democrats 53 

Socialists 10 

Independent 1 


Total 51         Total 150        Total 201 

INTERNATIONAL   ORDER   OF   GOOD   TEMPLARS. 

INTERNATIONAL  SUPREME  LODGE — Int.  Chief  Templar— EdvarA  Wavrin^ky,  M.  P..  Stock- 
holm, Sweden.  Int.  P.  CJiief  I'emplar — Jos.  Malins,  Birmingham,  England.  Int.  Vice-Tcmplar — Lars 
O,  Jensen,  Norwav.     Iiit.  Secretary— Tom  Honeyman,  160  Hill  Street,  Glasgow,  Scotland. 

-  NATIONAL  GRAND  LODGE— AT.  C.  r.— Ben  D.  Wright,  Lockport,  N.  Y.  N  F.  T.— Mrs.  Harry  E. 
Wellman,  KendaU,  N.  Y.  N.  Sec. — WlUard  O.  AVylle,  Beverly,  Mass.  N.  Treas. — W.  P.  Carlson,  Minne- 
apolis, Minn.    Next  session  in  1919  at  Manchester,  N.  H. 

The  Internatiorial  Order  of  Good  Templars  is  a  world-wide  brotherhood  of  over  600,000  total  abstainers. 
banded  together  for  mutual  protection  and  co-operation  in  temperance  work. 

-  The  Order  of  Good  Templars  first  sprang  into  existence  in  1851  in  Oneida  County,  New- York  State. 
One  of  its  most  radiCiil  features  was  the  recognition  of  women's  rights. 

The  last  report  of  the  International  Secretary  returned  the  number  of  grand  lodges  as  seventy  and 
the  membership  in  liotli  iwiult  and  juvenile  branches  620,000.  Grand  lodges  exist  In  nearly  all  States  o! 
the  Union,  ih  Enghicd,  Ireland,  Scotland,  Wales,  Denmark,  Germany,  Sweden,  Norway,  Swltzerlana. 
Hungan-.  Roumania.  Holland,  the  various  provinces  of  Caiuida,  the  West  Incites,  East,  West  and  Soutti 
Ati1?a,  Australia,  New  Zcaltind.  Britisli  India,  Iceland,  .niui  otlicr  countries. 


838 


Government  of  the  City  of  New  York. 


<3foijetttmrttt  of  tije  CitiJ  of  KeUi  ¥ovfe. 


■     Jijayor — fCity  HaU)  John  F.  Hylan  (S15,«00). 
Tetary~~iob3i  F.  Sinnott  (85,800). 

Accounts — Commissioners  of 

(Municipal  Building,  Manhattan.) 
Commisstoner — David  Hlrsiifleld  (S7,500).     Depu- 
ties—Uemy  H.  Klein  (55,000)  and  W.  D.  lyoudoun 
(S4,0OO). 

Board  of  Aldermen. 
(City  HaU.) 
'Pieildmt—KMTfti   E.   Smith,   D.    (S7,500).      Vice- 
Cftairwan— Robert    L.    Moran,    D,    ($4,000).     CUv 
ClerJtr-P.  3.  Scully  (S7,000). 

Members  ($2,000  each),  byAldcrnianic  Districts. 

Manhattan — 1,  Bernard  E.  Donnelly,  D.;  2, 
Michael  Stapleton,  D.;  3,  Stephen  F.  Roberts,  D.;  4, 
Adolph  Held,  S. ;  5,  John  F.  McCouit,  D. ;  6,  Abraham 
BecViennan,  S.:  7,  Charles  A.  McManus,  D.;  8, 
Algernon  Lee,  S.;  9,  Thomas  H.  O'Kane,  D.;  10, 
William  P.  Kenneally,  D.;  U,  William  F.  Qulun,  R.; 
12,  William  T.  Colling,  D.;  13,  Thomas  A.  Williams, 
D.;  14,  Tliomas  M.  Farley,  D.;  15,  Maurice  A.  Burke. 
R.;  16,  Edward  Cassidy,  D.;  17,  CliEtord  S.  BostwicK, 
R.;  18,  Edward  V.  Glimore,  D.:  19,  Jacob  W.  Fried- 
man, R.;  20,  Maurice  S.  Caiman,  S.;  21,  James  A. 
Hatch,  R.;  22,  Frank  A.  O'Brien,  D.;  23,  Bruce  M. 
Falconei-,  R.;  24,  James  F.  McNulty,  D.:  25,  William 
C.  Rosenberg,  D.;  26,  Frank  Mullen,  D.;  27,  Augustus 
M.  Wise,  D. 

Bronx— 2^,  Edward  W.  Curley,  D.;  29,  Peter 
Schweickert,  D.:  30.  Robert  L.  Moran,  D.;  31.  .lames 
R.  Fergxison,  D.;  32,  Alexander  Brauasteiu,  S.;  33, 
Charles  A.  Buckley,  D.;  34,  Clarence  Y.  Pailtz,  D.; 
35,  Thomas  W.  Martin,  D. 

BTOoUyn — 36,  Michael  J.  Hogan,  R.;  37,  James  A. 
Bell,  D.;  38,  Frank  A.  Cunnlngliara,  D.;  39,  John  S. 
Gayhor,  R.;  40,  John  Wirth,  R.;  41,  John  Dlemor, 
R  ;  42,  .Tames  J.  Molen,  D.;  43,  Francis  P.  Koimcy, 
D.;  44,  Charles  W.  Dunn,  D.;  45,  Augustus  Ferraiid 
R  ;  46,  John  L.  Dempsey,  D.:  47,  Matthew  G. 
Fullum,  D.;  48,  Alexander  Bassctt,  D.:  49,  Joseph 
W.  Sullivan,  D.;  50,  William  P.  McGarry,  D.;  51, 
John  J.  Ryan,  D.;  62,  Fred  Smith,  R.;  53,  Arnou  L. 
Snuiers,  R.;  54,  George  Hilkemeier,  D.;  55,  Louis  J. 
Zettler,  D.;  56,  Baruch  C.  Vladeck,  S.;  57,  Charles 
Haubert,  D.;  58,  Charles  J.  Moore,  R.;  69,  Baruct 
Wolff,  S. 

Qureiis^^f),  Samuel  J.  Burden,  D.;  61,  Edward  W. 
Cox,  D.;  62,  Frank  J.  Schmitz,  D.;  63,  Charles  A. 
Post,  R.;  64,  Joel  Fowler,  D. 

ri:ichmMid-r&5.  William  K.  Walsh,  D.;  66,  John  J. 
O'RotlrlJe,  D.-,.67,  Edward  Atwell.  D. 

'    J*;!>VjO       i'^  Borough  Presidents. 

iWjtj^  Hall,  Manhattan;  other  Borough  Halls.) 
'■'lfw'"^?f-«— Frank   L.   Dowling    (S7,500).     Secre- 
tiTJ/'Sf  Bni-ougn—Alhf.rt  E.  Hull  (.S5,000).    Secretary 
to  Preside  It — Daniel  L.  Ryan  (S4.500). 

Broni^^Henry  Bruckucr  (-57,500).  Secretary  of 
BdfmJJ/fti— Louis  C.  Hartman  (53,500). 

iro'dS?!pi-!-E<lward  Riegelmanii  (S7,500).  Secre- 
iaiy'of'B'of<}ugh—vn\\\a,va.  A.  Manning  (S3, 500). 

Qaecrt^— Maurice  E.  Connolly  (So.OOO).  Secretary 
of  Borough— ^JoBei)h  Flanagan  ($4  000). 

Richmond — Calvin  D.  Van  Name.  Secretary  of 
Borough— George  F.  Egbert  (S3.000). 

Charities — Public  Department  of 

(Manhattan  and  Bronx,  Municipal  Building    Man- 
hattan; Brooklyn  and  Queens.  327  Schermerhorn 
St.,  Bklyn.;  Richmond  Boroug"!  Hall,  St.  George). 
Commissioner — Bird  S.   Coler   (S7.500).     Deputies 
—($5,000   each) — Stephen    A.    Nugent.    Patrick    J 
Cariin  and  Sam'l  Buchler.     Secretary — J    Mc  Kec 
Borden    (53,500).    Chte.    Engineer— S     J.    HerricR 
(£4.000).    Oeneral    Inspector— M.\S3    M.    C.    Tinney 
($3,500).     Dir.  Bur.  Soc.  Intesitg.—V.  S    Dodworth 
(S3.900)      Chemist— F.  J    Kenney    (83,200)      Supi. 
Munic.  Lodg.  Koi^se— Edward  E.  McMahon  ($2,100) 
The  City  Mortuary  Is  at  foot  of  E   29th  St..  Mu- 
nictpal  Lodging  House— 432   E.  25tn  St.:  Eynergcncy 
Uosp. — Foot  E.  70th  St.;  City  Hospital — Blaekwells 
island:    Training    School,  for     Nurses — Bhu-ltwelle 


Secretary — Grover  A.  \VTialen  (50.500).    Bxccmim  Set' 


Island;  City  Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm — Blaokwell's 
Island;  Metropolitan  Hospital — Biackweir.<5  Island; 
Melrop.  Training  School  for  Nvrses  and  Helpers-^ 
Blackwell's  Island-  N.  Y.  City  Children's  Hospital 
and  School — Randall's  Island;  Children's  Clearing 
Bureau — At  City  Hospital,  Blackwell's  Island; 
Kings  County  Hospital — Clarkson  and  Albany  Sts., 
Brooklyn;  Kings  County  Home  for  Aged  and  Infirm 
— C^larkson  St.  and  Albany  Ave.,  Brooklyn;  Green- 
point  Hospital — Kingsland  Ave.  and  Bullion  St., 
Brooklyn;  Cwnberland  St.  Hospital — 109  Cumber- 
aaud  St.,  Brooklyn;  Bradford  St.  Hospital — 113 
Bradford  St.,  Ea.st  N.  Y.,  Brooklyn;  Coney  Island 
Hospital — Ocean  Parkway,  near  Ave.  Z;  Sen  Vie.to 
Hospital — Castleton  Corners,  Stsvten  Islan<l. 

Child  Welfare — Board  of 

(City  Hall,  Manhattan). 

President — Sophie  Irene  Loeb.  Other  Memhcrs — 
F.  P.  Cunnlon,  Mrs.  Wm.  Einstein,  Mrs.  Matthew 
I'lgueU-a,  P.  J.  Nenahan,  I\Irs.  S.  McKee  Smitli.  The 
board  serves  without  salary.  Exec.  Sec. — R.  W. 
Hebbcrd  (153,000). 

Civil  Service  Commission. 

(Municlp.al  Building,  Manhattan). 

President — Morris  Cukor  (.?G,000).  Coinmlssiuncrs 
^($5,000  each)^WlIIIam  Dreunan  and  Thomas  R. 
Klllllea.  Sccretarji — Charles  I.  Stengle  (nJS.OOO), 
Chief  Examiner — Thomas  C.  Murray  (S4,2fi0)  Chief 
Clerk — George  H.  Eberle  ($3,000). 

Correction — Department  of 

(Municipal  Building,  M.anhattan). 

Commissioner — James  A.  Hamilton  (S7,500). 
Deputy — William  Dalton  ($5,000).  Secretary — An- 
tonio M.  Carldl  ($3,000). 

Manliattan — City  Prison  (Tombs)  is  at  Centre 
and  Franklin  Sts.  The  Penitentiary  and  Wnrkhouse 
are  on  Blackwell's  Island,  East  River.  T)ie  Mu- 
nicipal Farm  la  on  Rikor's  Island,  upper  East,  River. 
The  Reformatory  Prison  is  on  Hart's  Isla))'?,  Upper 
East  River. 

Brooklyn^— C«s/  Prlsort  is  at  No.  149  Raymond  St. 

Queens — City  Prison  Is  in  rear  of  the  Oourt 
House,   Long  Island  City. 

New  Hampton  Farms  (N.  Y.  C.  Refori.-iatory) 
is  at  New  Hampton,  Orange  County,  N.  Y 

Docks    and    Ferries — Department    of 

(Pior  A.  North  River) . 
Commissioner — Murray  Hulbert  (S7,5()i')  First 
DeVMy—Michae\  Cmmrove  (56,000).  Second  Deputy 
— H.  A.  Meyer  (.S,'),000).  Chief  Cleric — C.  .!  Farley 
(S4,000).  Auditor — J.  M.  Pholan  (55,000)  Chief 
Engineer— C.  W.  Staniford  (S9.000).  .'-'..pK  of 
Docks — L.   H.   Harrison.    , 

Education— pCpartment  of 

(Manhattan,    Park    Ave.    and   59th   St.;    Bruokiyii, 

131  Livingston  St.,  Plaza  5580). 

President — Arthur  S.  Somcrs  (no  salary).  Vice- 
President — Frank  D.  Wilsey  (no  salary)  Other 
members  of  the  Board  (no  salary) — Mrs.  Eiuma  L. 
Murray  and  Joseph  Yeska,  Manhattan;  Mrs.  Ruth 
F.  Russell,  Brooklyn;  George  J.  Ryan,  Queens; 
Annlug  S.  Prall,  Staten  Island.  Secretary— A. 
Emerson  Palmer  (S5.500).  Chief  CZerA>— Thomas 
A.  Dillon  (53,000).  Supt.  of  School  Buildings— C.  B. 
J.  Snyder  (510.000).  Supt.  of  School  Supplies — 
Patrick  Jones  (57,500).  City  Supt.  of  Schools—, 
William  L.  Ettlnger  (510,000).  City  Svpt.  EmerUm 
—William  H.   Maxwell  (510,000).     ., 

Elections — Board  of 

(Manhattan,  Municipal  Building:  Bronx.  442  E. 
149th  St.;  Brooklyn.  435  Fulton  St.:  Queens, 
62  Jackson  Ave.).  .  _ 

Presidenl-iQhxi  R.  Voorhls.    Secretary— Moaea  M . 

McKee.    Other   Members — James    Kane,   Jacob   A. 

Livingsion.     The  members  get  56,000  each  a  year. 


Government  of  the  City  of  New  York^ConHmied. 


8S9 


Finance — Department  of 

lleaduuarters — Municipal  Building.  Recetveis  of 
razes  Offices — Manhattan,  Muniripal  Building; 
Bronx.  177th  St.  and  Arthur  Ave.;  Brooklyn,  503 
Fulton  St.;  Queens.  5  Court  Sq.,  L.  I.  City;  Rich- 
mond, Borough  Hali,  St.  George.  Assessments  and 
Arrears  Offices — Same  as  Receivere  of  Taxes.  Chatn- 
.  berlain — Municipal  Building. 

City  CoinptroUer — Charles  L.  Craig  (Slo.OOO). 
Oeputies — Louis  N.  Hahlo,  Arthur  J.  Philbin, 
Frank  J.  Prial  (S7,500  each).  Sec.  to  Dept. — Chas. 
F.  Kerrigan  ($6,000).  Chief  Avditor — David  E. 
Kemlo  (86,000).  Cliicf  Accountant — Duncan  Mac- 
Innes  (,S6,000).  Cliicf  Clerk — Valentine  F.  Keller 
(S2,460) .'  Recelver^f  Taxes — Wm.  C.  Hecht  (S6,000) . 
Collector  of  City  Rcceniic — Sidney  H.  Goodacre 
(54.000). 

Fire  Department. 

(Manhattau,  Miuiic.  Bldg.;  Brooklyn,  365  Jay  St.). 
Commissioner — Thomn.s  J.  Drennan  (.S7,500). 
Deputies — Manhattan,  Bronx  and  Richmond,  Chas. 
W.  Culklu  (S5,000);  Brooklyn,  Wra.  F.  Thompson 
($5,000).  Fire  Chief— Joim  Keulon  (S10,000). 
Deputy  C7(Jp/— Brooklyn,  John  O'Hara  (.S6,ft00) 
Fire  Mars/ial-^Thom'Afi  P.  Brophy  ($5,000).  DcpKly 
— Jolm  P.  Prlal  (S3,300).  .Secretary  to  the  Depi.— 
James  A.  Mackey  (83,500). 

Health — Department  of. 
(Manhattan,  Centre  and  Walker  Sis.;  Bronx,  3731 
3d  Ave.;  Brooklyn.   Willoughby  and   Fleet  Sts.: 
Queens,  372  Fulton  St.,  Jamaica:  Richmond,  ol4 
Bay  St.,  Stapleton.) 

Commissioner — Royal  S.  Copeland,  M.  D.  (.S7,.'J00). 
Ueptay — Frank  J.  Monahan,  M.  D.  (86,000).  .S'tc- 
re'ary  (o  the  Dein. — Chas.  L.  Kohier  ($5,000) . 

Law  Department. 
(Manhattan,    Municipal    Building;    Brooklyn,    1-53 
Pierrepont  St.    Street  Openings  Btireau — Maiihat- 
tan.   Municipal   Building;     Brooklyn,   166   I^Ion- 
;  tague  St.;  Queens.  Borough  Hall.) 

Corporation    Counsel — Wm.    P.    Burr    ($15,000). 

Secretary— }mevii     H.     Johnston     (S4,000).      Clilef 

Assistants— C\\»9.     D.     Olendort     ($10,000),     Geo. 

P.   Nicholson    ($7,500),    Wm.    B.    Crowell    (*7,500). 

Terence     Farley     ($7,500).     Edw.     J.     MoGoklrlck 

($7,500),    John    P.    O'Brien    ($7,500).     Librarian— 

Jasl    M.    VaUes    (82,820).     Chiel    Clerk— John    H. 

Greener     ($5,160).    Brooklyn,     Chief     Asst^     Corp. 

Counsel— Wm.    B.     Carswelt     ($10,000).    Broollun. 

CHief  Clerk— S.  K.   Probasco   ($3,540).    Bwrenw  /or 

Recovery  of  Penalties — Joseph  I.  Berry,  chief  ($5,000). 

Bureau  for  Collection  of  Arrears  of  Personal  Taxes 

—Chief.   Emmet  J.   Mm-phy   ($5,000).    Bureau  of 

Street    Opening— CUet,    Joel    J.    Squiei;    (S7,500). 

Chief    in    Brooklyn — Joseph    A.    Salovei     ($5,000). 

In  Ojset-ns- Robert  J.  Culhane  ($5,000) . 

Marriage  License  Bureau. 

(Municipal  Building  and  Borough  Halls). 

This  bureau  is  a  part  of  the  City  Clerks  office 

nnfl  is  located  there  and  in  the  ofncea  of  the  deputies. 

Parole  Commission. 

(Mimiclpal  Building.  Manhattan). 

Chairman— B.  De  N.  Cruger  ($7  500).     Mcwito'S 

—Alex.   McKinny  and   F.  A.   I^rd   ($5,500  each) 

The   ex-offielo   members   are   the   Commissioner   of 

Correction  and  the  Police  ComuiLssioner.    Secretary 

T.    R.    Minnick    (83,240).    Chief    Parole   Officer— 

Jas.  J.  Flynn  ($2,820). 

Parks — Oepartmeut  of. 
(Mauluutau    Municipal  Building;  Brooklyn.  Litch- 
fleld   iManslon,  Praspect  Park;  Bronx,  Zbrowski 
Mansion,  ciaremont  Park;  Queeas,  Tlie  Overlook, 
Forest  Park,  Richmond  Hill). 
president,  of  Board  (and  Commissioner  lor  Man- 
hattan  and    Richmond)— P.  Berolaheimer  ($5,000). 
The  other  Commissioners  are:  Brooklyn,  John  N. 
Harman     ($5,000);    Bronx,    Joseph    P.     Hennessy 
($5,000'     Queens,    Albert    C.    Benninger    ($5.000) ; 
hecjetaiv  to  tlie-  OejJ^— Willis  Hollj'  ($3,500). 

Plant    and    Structure — Department    of. 
(Formerly  the  Dept.  of  Bridges.     Offices:  Manhat- 
tan,  Municipal  Building;   Brooklyn,   179  Wash- 

Comnisstoner— John  H.  Delaney  ($7,500).  Dep- 
uty—3o\ya  M.ara  ($4,500).  Chief  Engineer- F.6w. 
A.  B^^l<'  (.S7  200).  Supt.  Of  Municipal  Ferries— 
\..  lldnlou   (S4,500). 


Police  Department. 

(Manhattan.  240  Centre  St.:    Brooklyn,  70  Popiftr 
St.;  Queens,  Jamaica.) 

Commissioner— nichara  E.  Enright  ($7,500). 
Deputies  ($6,000  each) — First,  John  A.  Leach; 
second,  Wm.  J.  Lahey;  third.  John  W.  Go£f,  Jr.; 
foiu-th,  Fred'k  A.  Wallis;  fifth,  Ellen  A.  O'Grady. 
Chief  Inspector— John  Daly  ($6,000).  Borough 
Inspector — Thomas  H.  Murphy  ($4,200).  Detemvf 
Bureau  Inspectors  ($3,900  each) — John  A.  Cray. 
Jos.  A.  Faurot,  and  Thos.  J.  Tunney.  Secretary  to 
the  Commissioner — Aug.  D.  Porter  ($3,500).  Sec- 
retary   to    the    Dept. — John    C.    Hackett    (53,600). 

Chief  Clerk— ($3,500).       ' 

Public  .Service  Commission — First  Dist. 
(47  Lafayette  St.,  Manliattan). 

Tliis  is  a  part  of  t!ie  State  and  not  of  the  City 
Government,  and  is  put  here  for  convenience  of 
reference. 

Commis.^inncrs  ($1.^000  eaclO — Charles  Bulkley 
Hiiblrell,  Chairman;  Travis  H.  \^'liitncy.  Charles  S. 
Hervev.  K.  J.  II.  Kraoke.  and  Sam'l  H.  Ordway. 
Si:cretdn/—Ji'.miv  D.  Wallier  '(SG.OOO).  Chief  En- 
,linccr—D.  L.  Turner  ($15,000).  Chief  of  Transit 
Bureau — J  P.  II.  De  Wlndl  (50,000).  Electrical 
Eiiinncer — Clirtoii  \V.  Wilder  (S7.600).  Chief  of 
■Icconnts—F.  \V.  Liiulars  (.SS.OOO).  Chff  Statistician 
—  \  F  Webor  (■^7,.■)00l.  Secniiinj  Hurcau  GaS'.and 
Eleciricify— Thos.  D.  Hoxsey  (.S3, 000).  Cotmsel— 
Wm.  L.  Ransom  ($10,000). 

Standards  and  Appeals — Board  of. 
(Moiiliatuui.  Municipal  Building). 

Chnirmnn— John  P.  Leo  (?7,.">00).  Secretary— 
Wm.  W.  Mills   ($4,200). 

The  13oard  of  Standard.s  and  Ai^peals  passes  on 
peMtioiis  for  variations  ol  the  Labor  Law  relating 
to  lire  protection  in  factories.  The  Board  of  Ap- 
peals passes  on  appeals  from  decisions  of  Fire  Com- 
missioner atid  of  Supeilntendent  of  Buildings  and 
on  applications  for  variations  of  building  zone 
regulations. 

Street  Cleaninfj — Department  of. 
(Manhattan,     Municii)al     Building;     Bronx,     2804 

3d  Ave.;  Brooklyn,  50  Court  St.;  Queens,  Boroilgb 

Hall;  Richmond,  Borotigh  Hall.) 

Commissioner — Arnold  B.  MacStay  (87,500). 
Deputies — Manhattan.  H.  W.  Hubbard  ($5,000); 
Frank  A.  Eschmann  ($5,000);  Bronx,  Jas.  W. 
Brown  ($5,000);  Brooklyn,  Michael  Laura  ($5,000). 

Tenement  House  Department. 

(Mauliattan   and    Richmond,   Municipal   Building: 

Bronx,    558-561    Tremont    Ave.;    Brooklyn   ana 

Queens,  .503  Fulton  St.,  Brooklyn.) 

Commissioner — Franlv  Maun  ($7,500).  Deputies 
— Manhattan  and  Richmond,  John  P.  Finnerty 
($4,200);  Brooklvii  and  Queens,  Thos.  R.  Farrell 
($4  000) ;  Bronx  Superintendent,  Walter  C.  Martin 
(.$3,000). 

Taxes'  and  Assessments — Department  ,  of. 
(Manhattan,   Municipal  Building;  Bronx.  Tremont 

and    Arthur   Aves.;    Brooklyn.    503    Fulton   St.. 

Queens,  Borough  Hall;  Richmond,  Borough  Hall) 

The  Board — Jacob  A,  Cantor,  President  ($8,000) ; 
Commissioners  ($7,000  each),  Richard  H.  Williams. 
Arthiu-  H.  Mm-phy.  George  Henry  Payne.  Joseph 
F  O' Grady.  James  P.  Slnnott,  and  Lewis  M.  Swasey ; 
Secretary.  C.  R.  Tyng  ($3,500).  .Board  of  Assessors 
(S5  000  each) — Wm.  C.  Ormond,  Maurice  Simmons, 
and  Andrew  G.  Sullivan. 

Water  Supply — Board  of. 
(Municipal  Building.  Manhattan) 

President— John  F.  Galvln  ($12,000).  Other 
Members  ($12,000  each)— Chas.  N..  Chadwick  L  J, 
O'Reilly.  Secretary-  BenJ  F.  Embigler  ($5,000). 
Chief  Engineer— J.  Waldo  Smith  ($16,000). 
Water  .Supply,  Gas,  and  Electricity— Dept.  of 
(Manhattan.  Municipal  Building;  Bronx,  Tremont 
and  Aithur  Aves.;  Brooklyn,  50  Court  St.;  Queei'.s 
and  Richmond,  Borough  Halls.) 

CommisHoner-mciiolas  J.  Hayes  ($7  500) .     Dep- 
wrtfS— Manhattan,  John  A.>  Dletz  ($6,000);  Bronxs 
Albert   H.   Liebman    (84,000);   Brooklyn,   Corngiu . 
M  Sheehan  ($5.500) :  Queens,  Jas.  C.  Butler  ($4,000) 
Rlclimond.  .las.  L.  \'ail  ($0,000). 


840 


Exchanges  in  Manhattan. 


NEW    YORK    CITY    DEPARTMENT    OF    HEALTH. 

Headquarters — S.  W.  Corner  Centre  and  Walker  Streets,  Manhattan.  Borough  of  the  Bronx,  3731 
Third  Avenue.  Borough  of  Brooklyn,  Flatbush  Avenue  aud  Willoughby  Street.  Borough  of  Queens. 
372-374  Fulton  Street,  Jamaica.  L.  I.  Borough  of  Richmond,  514-510  Bay  Street,  Stapleton,  S.  ).  Office 
Hours— 9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.;  Saturdays,  9  A.  M.  to  12  M. 

HOSPITALS  FOR  CONTAGIOUS  DISEASES. 
Manhattan — Willard  Parker  Hospital,  foot  of  East  16th  Street. 
The  Bronx — Riverside  Hospital,   North  Brother  Isluud. 

Brooklyn— Kingston  Avenue  Hospital,  Kinarston  Avonuc  and   f'cniiiiort;  Street. 
Queens — Queensboro  Hospital,   Fluslilua  Avenue  and   Txjtt's  liane. 

LABORATORIES. 

Diagnosis  Lal)oratory,  Serological  Laboratory,  Centre  aud  Walker  Streets.  Kesitfirch  Laburalorj, 
Chemical  Laboratory,  Vaccine  Laboratory,  foot  of  Kast  16th  Street.  Antitoxin  Farm  and  Laboratory, 
OtisvUle,  N.  Y. 

BABY  HEALTH  STATIONS. 

Manhattan — 1.  172  East  3d  Street.  2.  513  East  11th  Street.  3.  306  Avenue  A.  4.  443  First 
Avenue.  5.  225  East  107th  Street.  6.  241  East  40th  Street.  7.  174  Eldridge  Street.  8.  224  West 
63d  Street,  Vanderbilt  Clinic.  9.  326  East  11th  Street.  10.  114  Thompson  Street.  11.  315  East  112th 
Street.  12.  244  Mulberry  Street.  13.  508  We-ft  47th  Street.  14.  78  Ninth  Avemie.  15.  348  East  74th 
Street.  16.  205  East  96th  Street.  17.  209  Stanton  Street.  38.  343  Pleasant  Avenue.  19.  108  Cherry 
Street.  20.  197  Hester  Street.  21.  27  Suffolk  Street.  22.  73  Cannon  Street.  23.  95  Suffolk  Street. 
24.  206  Madison  Street.     25.  251  Monroe  Street.     20.  289  Tenth  Avenue.     27.  95  Forsyth  Street.     28. 

"^Brooklyn — 1.268  South  2nd  Street.     2.  621   Fourth  Avenue.     3.  208  Hoyt  Street.     4.   144  Navy 
Street      5.  2346  Pacific  Street.     6.  184  Fourth  Avenue.     7.  359  Manhattan  Avenue.     8.  49  Carroll  Street. 

9  76  Johnson  Avenue.  10.  233  Suydam  Street.  11.  323  Osborn  Street.  12.  126  Dupont  Street.  13. 
661  Manhattan  Avenue.  14.  179  Bedford  Avenue.  15.  290  Bushwick  Avenue.  16.  994  Flushing  Avenue. 
17  176  Nassau  Street.  18.  129  O.sl)orn  Street.  19.  698  Henry  Street.  20.  594  Sutter  Avenue.  2!. 
167  Hopkins  Street.     22.  592  Park  Avenue.     23.  239  Graham  Avenue.     24.  40  Amboy  Street. 

The  Bronx— 1.  511   Efist  149th  Street.    .2.  428  East  133d  Street.     3.  2380  Huglies  Avenue. 
Queens — 1.  114  Fulton  Avenue,   Astoria.     2.  22   Mnspeth   Avenue,   Maspeth.    3.  753  OnderdoHk 
Avenue,    Rldgewood. 

Richmond — 1.  089  Bay  Street,  Stapletou,  S.  I. 

DIAGNOSTIC  CLINICS  FOR  BLOOD  DISEASES. 
Manhattan — Centre  and  Walker  Streets;  week  days,  9  to  12  A.  M.    307  West  33d  Street;  Wednesdays, 

Brooklyn — Willoughby  aud  Fleet  Streets;  week  days,  9  to  12  A.  M.;  Mondays  and  Fridays,  8  to  i?  P.  T\l. 
The  Bronx— 3731  3d  Avenue;  week  days,  11  A.  M.  to  1  P.  M. 

ANTI-RABIC  CLINICS. 

Manhattan — Centre  aud   »Valker  Streets;  week  days,  1  to  4  P.  M. 

Brooklyn — Willoughby  and  Fleet  Streets;  week  days,  10  A.  M.  to  1  P.  M.;  Siuidays  and    bclidaMJ. 

The  Bronx — Third  Avenue  and  St.  Pauls  Place;  week  days,  11  A.  M.  to  1  P.  M. 

Queens — Patients  attend  Brooklyn  or  Manhattan  Clinic. 

Richmond — Patients  attend  Manhattan  Clinic. 

On  Sixndays  and  Holidays  patients  of  all  Borouglis  attend  the  Brooklyn  Clinic.     Hours  on  t.licsc  ilaye. 

10  A.  M.   to   12  noon. 

Immunization  against  typhoid  fever  will  be  given  on  request  at  these  clinics. 

'  OCCUPATIONAL  CLINICS. 

Manhattan — 145  Worth  Street;  week  days,  9  A.  M.  to  noon. 
The  Bronx — 493  East  139th  Street;  week  days,  2  to  4  P.  M. 

BRANCH  OFFICES  AND  TUBERCULOSIS  CLINICS. 
Manhattan — Corlears,  331  Broome  Street;  Stuyvesant,  111  East  10th  Street;  Yorkville,  439  Ensi,  &7lh 
Street-  Jefferson,  341  Pleasant  Avenue;  Riverside,  481  West  145th  Street:  Chelsea,  307  West  33d  Street; 
Washington,  130  Prince  Street;  Day  Camp,  fen-yboat  "Manhattan,"  foot  East  90th  Street. 

The  Bronx — Tremont,  St.  Paul's  Place  and  Thh:d  Avenue;  Mott  Haven,  493  East  139th  Street. 
Brooklyn — Prospect,  Fleet  and  WJlIoughby  Streets^  Eastern  District,_306  South  5th  Street,  Wdiiams- 
»;  Bedford,  '  ""      "'  "       ''     '"  ""  '"" ""  ""*     *        " 

■  Ridge,  215 

wood,  753  Onderdonk"Avenue,'  Rfdgewood ;  Queens  Plaza,  138  Hunter  Avenue. 
Richmond — Richmond,  Bay  and  Elizabeth  Streets,  Stapleton,  S.  I. 

SANATORIUM    FOR   TUBERCULOSIS. 
Otisvitle,  Orange  County,  N.  Y.  (via  Erie  Railroad  from  Jersey  City). 

TUBERCULOSIS  HOSPITAL  ADMISSION  BUREAU. 
145  Worth  Street,  Manhattan.     Hours  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M. 


EXCHANGES    IN    MANHATTAN. 


Building  Material  Exchange.  233  Broadway. 

Coffee  Exchange,  113  Pearl  St.,  and  66  Beaver  St. 

Consolidated  Stock  Exchange,  63  Broad  St. 

Cotton  Exchange.  Beaver  and  William  Sts. 

Crockery  Board  of  Trade,  126  5th  Ave. 

Iron  and  Steel  Board  of  Trade,  233  Broadway. 

Lager  Beer  Brewers'  Board  of  Trade,  109  E.  15th  St. 

Maxitime  Exchange,  78  Broad  St. 

National  Hardware  Exchange,  253  Broadway. 

Natlon.'jl  .Jewellers   Roiird  of  Tra'ie,  ?.')  iVT.iidrn  T.nnc. 


New  York  Fire  Ins.  Exchange,  123  William  St. 

New  York  Fruit  Exchange,  202  Franklin  St. 

New     York    Furniture    Exchange,    480    Lexington 

^ve 
New  York  Mercantile  Exchange,  6  Harrison  St, 
New  York  Metal  Exchange,  111  Broadway. 
New    York    Produce    Exchange,    Broadway    and 

Beaver  St.  ,  „  ■ 

New  York  Stock  Exchange,  10  Broad  St^  , 
Real  Estate  Exchange,  14  vesey  St. 


The  Royal  Arcanwn. 


841 


IUN9TEO    STATES    GOVERNMENT    OFFICES    IN 


Appraiser  of  Merchandise — 041  Washington  St. 
Army:  Quartermasters'  Pier — No.  12  East  River. 
(Mi  Branch,  Fuel  and  Forage  Division — 51  Chambers 
St.  ConstrvcHng  Quartermaster — Gun  Hill  RU.  and 
Bainbridge  Ave.  Dept.  Quartermaster — 39  Broad- 
way. Medical  Corps — Cth  Ave.  and  18th  St.  Ma- 
terial Control  Div. — 101  W.  21st  St.  Gas  Defense 
Die. — 19  W.  44th  St.  Gas  Defense  Service — 71  5th 
Ave.  Inteiilgence  Dept. — Governor's  Island.  Quarler- 
masttr  DetactimeM — 27  W.  43d  St.  Quartermaster 
master  General  Dept.,  Svpply  and  Equipment  D\v. — 
109  E.  16th  St.  Air  Service  Officer — 102  Broad  St. 
Aviation  Exam.  Board — 102  Broad  St.  Signal  Corps, 
Comm.  Officer,  Fort  Wood,  New  Yorli  City.  Signal 
Officer.  Port  of  Embarkation — 90  West  St.  DisMtr.iing 
Officer — 8  Bridge  St.  Depot  Quartermaster,  Attending 
Surgeon — 39  Whiteliall  St.  Equipment  Div.,  Gauge 
Section — Madison  Ave.  and  45th  St.  Quartermaster 
Corps,  (  onstruction  Din. — 473  Sth  Ave.  Warehouse — 
422  \V.  15th  St.  rank  Corps,  Recruiting  Head- 
quarters— 19  W.  44th  St.;  Army.  Governor's  Island. 
Army  Engineers,  Board  of — 39  Whitehall  St.  General 
Hospital  N'o.  1 — Gun  Hill  Road  and  Bainbridge  Ave. 
Lighterage  Construction — 12  Broadway;  Recruiting 
Station — 25  3d  Ave. 

Assay  Office — 23  Pino  St. 

Assistant  Attorney  General,  Customs — 041 
Washington  St. 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry:  Live  Slocl:  Experts 
— 18    Bi'oadwav.      Meat    Inspection    Impts. — Barge 
Office.      Meat  'Inspection   Office — 104    W.    42d    Si. 
Meat  Inspection  Laljfiralory — Barge  Office. 
Chinese  Inspector — 116  Nassau  St. 
Coast   Guard:    Commanding  0.fficer  and  Super- 
visor  Anchorage — Barge   Office.     Supervisor   of  Life 
Boats — Custom  House.    Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey — 
Custom  House. 
Custom  House — Bowling  Green, 
Dept.  of  Agriculture:  Food  and  Drug  Inspection 
Laboratory — 641  Washington  St.    Bureau  of  Mark-eis 
— Federal  Grain  Super-vision  Dist.  No.  2,  27  \\Jlliam 
St.       Market     News     and     Inspection     Service — 204 
Franklin  St. 

Dept.  of  tlie  Interior,  Bureau  of  Education: 
War  IVork  Extension — 25  W.  39th  St. 

Dept.  of  Justice:  Bank  Accounts — 13  Park  Row. 
Allen  Enemy  Bureau — Post  Office  Building, 
District  Attorney — Post  Office  Building. 
District  Draft  Board  of  the  City  of  New  York 
— Post  Office  Building. 

District  Court  Clerk's  Office — Past  Office  Build- 
ing. 

Employment  Service:  General  and  Execullte 
Offices — 220  5tli  Ave.  Longshoreman  and  M.  W. 
Div. — 194  Grand  St.:  2537  DecaUu-  Ave.;  57.'5  Tre- 
mont  Ave.  Brancli — 2375  71U  Ave.  Branch  Office — 
201  I.,exington  Ave.  District  Superintendent — 220  5tli 
Ave.  Long  Shore  Din. — 39  South  St.  Longshoreman's 
Dir. — 164   11th   Ave.     Longshoreman's  and  Marine 


MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX. 

Workers  Div. — U  Broadway.  Chelsea  Branch — 240 
W.  23d  St.  Greenwich  Branch — 519  Hudson  St. 
Men  and  Women's  Div. — 363  E.  149th  St.  Men 
Only — 142  Bowery.  Men  Only- — 58  Cooper  Square. 
Men,  Women,  Juvenile  Div. — 436  E.  14th  St.  Men, 
Women  and  J2tvenile  Div. — 57th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
Men,  Women  and  Juvenile  Div. — 1285  Lexington 
Ave.  Men,  and  Women's  Div. — 126  Clinton  St. 
Women — 436  W.  27th  St. 

Federal  Horticultural  Board — Custom  House. 

Food  Administration — 6  W.  57th  St.  Ice  Con- 
servation Commission — 18  E.  41st  St. 

Fuel  Administration:  Director  Oil  Dlrisimi— 
299  Brondway.  Administrator:  Bronx  County— 
137th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 

General  Appraisers,  Board  of — 641  Washington 

Government  .Smokeless  Powder  Plant  Office— 

16  E.  42d  St. 

Immigrant  Station — Ellis  Island. 

Internal  Revenue:  First  District — Federal  Build- 
ing. Brooklyn.  Second  District — Custom  House, 
Bowling  CUeen.  Third  District — 1150  Broadway. 
Fourth  District — 1932  Artluir  Ave. 

Marine  Corps:  Assistant  Pat/master — 291  Broad- 
way, liecruiting  Publicity  Bureau^-li7  E.  24th  St. 
Recruiting  Station — 24  E.  23d  St. 

Marshal — Post  Office  Building. 

National  Bank  Examiner — Custom  House. 

Naval  Inspect,  of  Powder — 206  Broadway. 

Navy  Dept.:  .\aval  Reserve  Supply — foot  E.  24th 
St.  Third  Naval  District— 2S0  Bronawa.y.  Commur-- 
nlcation  Service — 44  Whitehall  St.  Naval  Training 
Camp — Pelham  Bay  Park.  Brancli  Hydrographic 
Office— 7S  Broad  St.  Branch  Office  of  Naval  Intelli- 
gence— 288  4th  Ave. 

Navy  Auxiliary  Service — 39th  St.  Feiry,  foot 
^Vhitehall  St. 

Navy  Merchant  Auxiliary  Service — 39th  St, 
Ferry,  foot  Whitehall  St. 

Naval  Recruiting  Bureau — 318  W.  39th  St, 
Recruiting  Station,  Bronx — 394  E.   150th  St. 

Passport  Agency — 2  Rector  St. 

Public  Health  Service:  Port  Sanitary  Statements — 
Custom  House. 

Railroad  Administration:  Consolidated  Ticket 
Offices,  Information — 64  Broadway;  57  Chambers 
St.:  31  W.  32d  St.:  114  W.  42d  St.  Neto  York  Sec- 
tion— 52  Vnuderbilt  Ave. 

Secret  Service:    Treasury  Dept. — Custom  House. 

Shipbuilding  Corp. — 26  Cortlandt  St.  Labor 
Adjustment  Board — llo  Broadway. 

Shipping  Board — C\i8tom  House.  Emergency 
Fleet  Corp — 115  Broadway. 

Shipping  Commissioner — Barge  Office. 

Special  .\gent.  Treasury  Dept— Custom  House. 

Sub-Treasurer:  Assistant  Treasurer  U.  .S.-^Wall 
and  Nas,sau  Sis. 

Weather  Bureau;   Local  Office — 17  Batterj'  PI. 


UNITED    STATES    GOVERNMENT    OFFICES,    BROOKLYN  AND  QUEENS. 


.\niiTial  Industry,  Bureau  of — 4  Court  Square, 
Army:  Quartermaster's  Dept. — BllssviUe,  Roekaway 
Beach.  Recruiting  Station — 361  Fulton  St.,  Brook- 
lyn, Constructing  (iuartermastcr — foot  of  59th  St., 
Brooklyn.  Coast  Guard — Rockawivy.  District 
Attortiev,  Marshal,  Naturalization  and  Courts 


— Federal  Building,  AVashington  and  Johnson :  Sts. 
Fuel  Administration — 44'  Court  St.,  Brooklyn;  - 
Queen.sboro  Bridge  Plaza,  Long  Island  City.  Navy 
Recruiting  Station — 115  Flatbush  Ave.  Railroad 
Administration — 330  Fulton  St.  Shipping  Board 
— 14  Grand  St. 


ANCIENT   AND    ACCEPTED    SCOTTISH    RITE    FREEMASONS. 
SUPREME  COUNCIL  NEW   YORI-:. 

Sor  Grand  Commander— F.T.  Watson,  Clinton,  N.  Y.  Grand  Orator — LeoLoeb,  New  York  City.  Grana 
"Secretary  General — Robert  F.  Downing,  Suite  806,  Temple  Court,  New  York  City.  Grand  Treasurer  General 
— R  A.  Gulnzburg,  New  York  City.  Grand  Marshal  General — A.  Stephen  Aroustamm,  New  York  City. 
Jrand  Master  of  Ceremonies — J.  W.  Riglander,  New  York  City.  Graiid  Standard  Bearer — Charles  E.  Buente, 
Brooklj-n,  N.  Y.  Grand  Captain  of  the  Guard  — Dr.  Alfred  C.  Du  Pont,  Siiprcme  Council  Rooms,  Suits. 
^06,  Temple  Court,  5  Bockm.an  Street,  New  York  City. 


THE    ROYAL    ARCANUM, 
SUPREME  COUNCII- 
Supreme  Regent — C.  Arch  Williams,  Chicago,  III.    Supreme  Vlce-Regenl—h.  R.  Geisenberger,  Lancas- 
;tr.  Pa.    Supreme  Secretary — Samuel  N.  Hoag.  Boston,  Mass.     Supreme  Treasurer — A.  S.  Robinson,  St. 

':^he  meAbershlr  of  the  order  Sept.  1,  1918,  was  139,834;  the  number  of  grand  councils  32  and  subordjn- 
kte  councils  1,583.  The  Supreme  Council  was  organized  at  Boston  Jime  23.  1877,  and  Incorporated  under 
;he  laws  of  Massachusetts.  Number  of  deaths  to  Sept,  1.  1918,  80,211.  Benefits  paid  to  Sept.  i,  1919/ 
5198,290.354.42.    Emergency  fund,  Sept.  1,  1918,  34,7,53,934. .W. 


84%- 


Ancient  Accepted  Scottish  Rite  Masons.. 


COUNTY    OFFICES    IN    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    YORK. 


County  Clerk. 

(Manhattan,  County  Court  House,  City  Hall 
Park;  Bronx,  161sl  Street  and  3rd  Avenue;  Brooklyn, 
Hall  of  Records,  Queens,  Court  House,  Jackson 
Avenue  and  12th  Street,  Long  Island  City;  Richmond, 
Court  House,  Richmond.) 

New  York  County— Wm.  F.  Schneider  (515,000). 
Chief  Deputy — Wra.  B.  Seldea  ($6,000).  Counsel — 
Max  S.  Levine  (85,000).  flupervising  Clerkr—W.  F. 
Schneider,  Jr.  ($3,000).  Lam  Clerk — E.  J.  Stapleton 
($3,500).  Eguiiv-  Clerk— D.  J.  Begley  (S3,o00). 
Auditor— J.  A.  Wrede  ($2,600). 

Bronx  County — Jos.  N.  Callahan  (810,000). 
Devutv — Michael  J.  Garvin  ($4,000).  Counsel — 
John  Kadel  (S3 ,000).  Chief  Clerk^C.  F.  Carroll 
($2,500).    Equity  Cleri. — J.  Cunnlon   (53,000). 

kings  County— Wm.  E.  Kelly  ($12,000).  Deputy 
— Jos.  V.  Lemaire  ($2,820).  Counsel — A.  G.  Mc 
Laughlln  ($3,500).   LawClerk — P.  Donnelly  ($2,820). 

Queens  County — Edw.  R.  Cox  (§8,000).  Deputy 
— Robt.  H.  Wlckert   ($4,500).  _  ,     ,^^  „^„^ 

Richmond  County — C.  L.  Bostwlck  (S5,000). 
Deputy— B.  B.  Lynch  ($2,500). 

District  Attorney. 

(One  in  each  county:  Manhattan,  Criminal  Courts 
Building,  Centre  and  Franklin  Streets;  Bronx, 
Arthur  and  Tremont  Avenues;  Brooklyn,  66  Court 
Street;  Queens,  Court  House,  Long  Island  City; 
Richmond,  Borough  Hall,  St.  George). 

New  York  County — Edward  Swann  (S15,000). 
Chief  Assistant,  Alfred  J.  Talley  ($10,000).  Other 
assistants  (S7,500  each) — Geo.  N.  Brothers,  Owen 
W.  Bahem,  Joab  H.  Banters,  John  T.  Dooling,  Roht. 
8  Johnstone,  Edwin  P.  Kilroe,  William  A.  McQuaid, 
Samuel  Markewlch,  Ncllson  Olcott,  Alexander  I. 
Rorke,  James  E.  Smith  and  Robert  C.  Taylor. 

Medical  Assistant — Dr.  Otto  H.  Schultze  ($5,000). 
Secretary — Horace  W.  Foster  ($4,180).  Chief  Clerk — 
John  W.  Keller  ($5,500).  Auditor — John  J.  Buckley 
($3,850).    Grand  Jury  Clerk^Edw.  J.  Kelly  ($2,7.'')0). 

Bronx  County — Francis  Martin  ($10,000).  Chief 
Assistants  ($4,000  each) — Jas.  A.  Donnelly,  Chas.  B. 
McLaughlin  and  Seymour  Mork.  Secretary — John 
A.  Paterackl  ($3,000).    Chief  Clerk^-Fa.Mcii  J.  Tracy 

kings  County — Harry  E.  Lewis  ($10,000).  CWef 
Assistants — Everett  Caldwell  ($7,500),  Geo.  A.  Voss 
($6,500),  Herbert  W.  Warbasse  ($6,500),  Ralph  E. 
Hemstreet  ($6,000).    Chief  Clerk — Lewis  E.  Birdseye 

riueens  County— Denis  O'Leary  ($8,000).  Chief 
Asststant-^JEdgax  F.  Hazleton  ($4,000).  Chief  Clerk 
— Wm.  F.  ,Ryan   ($2,400). 

Richmond  County— Albert  C.  Fach  ($5,000). 
Chief  Assistant — Frank  H.  Innes  ($3,500).  Confi- 
dential qferfc— Franklin  C,  Vitt  ($2,100). 

U'.'         (Jurors,  Commissioner  of. 

(iiianliattah.  Hall  of  Records;  Bronx,  1913  Arthur 
Aven-ue,  Brooklyn,  381  Fulton  Street;  Queens  Court 
Hou^e,  Long  Island  City,  Richmond,  Village  Hall, 
Stapi0ton);"  ^ 

New  York> 'County — Frederick  O'Byme  (56,000). 
Bronx  County— J.  A.  Mason  ($6,000).  Kings  Coimty 
— Jacob  Brenner  ($6,000).  Queens  County — T.  C. 
McKennee  ($3,000).  Richmond  County — E.  I. 
Miller  ($1;500). 

Public  Administrator. 
"  (Manhattan,  Hall  of  Records;  Bronx,  2,808  3d 
Avenue;  Brooklyn,  44  Court  Street;  Queens,  362 
Fulton  Street,  Jamaica;  Richmond,  Port  Richmond). 
■  Manhattan — W.  M.  Hoes  ($10,000).  Assistant — 
F.  W.  Arnold   ($5,000).     Bronx — E.  E.  L.  Hammer 


($4,000).  Brooklyn— Frank  V.  Kelly  "($5,000). 
Queens— R.  WTiite  (31,200).  Richmond— W.  T. 
Holt  (fees). 

County  Register. 

(Manhattan,  Hall  of  Records:  Bronx,  Tremont  and  • 
Arthur  Avenues;  Brooklyn,  Hall  of  Records.) 

New  York  County — Jas.  A.  Donegau  ($12,000). 
Deputy  Register — E.  P.  Holahan  (35,000).  Chief- 
Clerk— Chas.  W.  Schluter  (.$3,400).  Block  Index 
Clerk — W.  F.  Hull  ($3,000).  Chief  Examiner — J.  A. 
Boyle  ($2,500).  Preserver  of  Public  Records — Chief 
Clerk,  S.  S.  Lippert  ($2,580).  Mortgage  Tax  Bureau 
—Special  Deputy  Register.  L.  Donegan  ($3,500). 
Reindexing  Dept. — Special  Deputy  Register,  M.  J. 
McCarthy  ($5,000). 

Bronx  County— Edw.  Polak  ($10,000).  Deputy 
Register-Thos.  A.  Maher  ($4,000).  Chief  Clerk— 
Christian  Broschart  ($2,500) .  Mortgage  Tax  Dept.— 
Special  Deputy  Register,  W.  J.  Cahill  ($3,000). 

Kings  County — Richardson  Webster  ($12,000). 
Deputy  Register — Bernard  Rothbcrg  ($5,000).  Counsel 
— A.  I.  Nova  ($3,500).  Block  Index  Clerk — L.  L, 
Sanford  ($2,500).  Mortgage  Tax  Cc?)/  — Special 
Deputy  Register,  L.  MlUer  ($2,500). 

Sheriff. 

(Manhattdn,  51  Chambers  Street;  Bronx,  1932 
Arthur  Avenue;  Brooklyn,  50  Court  Street;  Queens, 
Court  House,  Long  Island  City;  Richmond,  Court 

House,  Richmond  Village.)  

New  York  County— D.  H.  Knott  ($12,000). 
Under-sheriff— 3 .  V.  Coggey  ($6,000).  Counsel— 
G.  W.  Olvany  ($6,000).  Chief  Clerkr—J.  A.  Bell 
($3,500).  Warden  (Ludlow  St.  Jail) — Eugene  John- 
son ($2,340).  „  _, 

Bronx  County — J.  F.  Donnelly  ($10,000).    Under. 

Sheriff— T.   H.   O'Neil    (85,000).    Counsel— Wm.  A. 

Keating  ($4,000).     Warden — E.  K.  Butler  ($2,000). 

Kings     County— Daniel     J.     Griffin     ($15,000). 

Under-Shtfiff—Ma.tt.  T.  Meagher  ($6,000).    Counsel 

— P.  B.  Hansen   (S5.000).     Warde7i — L.  F.  Carrol! 

Queens  County— Samuel  J.  Mitchell  ($10,000). 
Under-Sherija — Wm.  F.  Desmond  ($2,500).    Counsel 

— C.  W.  Froessel   ($2,500).  ^„^ 

Richmond  County — Spire  Pltou,  Jr.  ($6,000). 
Vnder-Sheriff—VeXer  J.  Finn  ($2,600).  Counsclr—^ 
L.  J.  Altman  ($500). 

Surrogate. 

(New  York,  Hall  of  Records,  Centre  and  Chambers 
Streets;  Bronx,  161st  Street  and  3d  Avenue;  Brook- 
lyn, Hall  of  Records,  Joralemon  Street  and  Court 
Square  (Boreum  Place):  Queens,  3^4  Fulton  Street, 
Jamaica;  Richmond,  Court  House,  Richmond  Vil- 
lage). ' 

New  York  County— ($15,000  each),  J.  P.  Cohalan 
and  R.  L.  Fowler.  Chief  Clerk— W.  R.  Do  Lano . 
(810,000).  Commissioner  of  Records — J.  T.  Curry 
(5,000).  First  Law  Assistant-rA.  T.  O'Leary  ($6,000). 
Clerk  of  the  Court— D.  J.  Dowdney  ($4,500).  Probate 
Clerk — J.  Washburn  ($5,000).,  Transfer  Tax  Assistant 
— J.  J.  Kearney  ($5,000). 

Bronx  County— G.  M.  S^SchuIz  (810,000).  Lav, 
AssistarU—FT&uz  Slgel  ($3,?(l0).    Chief  Clerk— H.  H. 

■'^  Kings  County— H.  T.Ketcham  ($15,000).  Chief 
Clerk— J.  H.  McCooey  ($9,000).  Probate  Clerk— 
J.   V.  Caiu   ($4,500).     AcCoAnt  Clerkr—3.  F.  Regan 

^■^(Sueens  County— Daniel  JNoble  (810,000).    Clerl 
of  Court— W.  F.  Hendricksoh' (.$4,500).         ,„„„„„, 
Richmond    County— J.    H.    Tiernan     ($7,500). 
Clerk  of  Court — W.  Finley. 


ANCIENT  ACCEPTED  SCOTTISH    RITE   MASONS. 

SXJPHEME  Council  of  Sovereign  Grand  Inspectors-General  of  the  Thirty-Third  and  Last  Degree, 

The  officers  of  the  Northern  Jurisdiction  are:     M.  P.  Sovereign  Grand  Commander— Ba.non  Smith, 

Toledo,  Ohio.    P.  O.  LieMenam  Commander — Leon  M.  Abbott,  Massachusetts.    Grand  AMrHster  of  State— 

Amos  Pettibone,  Illinois.    Grand  Treasurer  General — Leroy  A.  Goddard.    Grand  Secretary  General — James 

H.  Codding,  office,  299  Broadway,  New  York  City.  „       ^  ^  ^        ^  x.  „ c..,-.,„ 

The  officers  of  the  Southern  Jurisdiction  are:  Sovereign  Grand  Commander — George  F.  Moore.  -b«cr6- 
tttTV  GeraeroZ— John  H.  Cowles.  S:::ceenth  and  S  Streets,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C.  These  grand  bodies  are  ■ 
fa  relations  of  amity  with  the  Supreme  Councils  of  France,  England,  Scotland,  Ireland,  Belgium,  Brazil. 
Argentina,  Uruguay,  Paraguay,  Peru,  Portugal.  Italy,  Mexico,  Colombia,  Chile,  Central  America,  Greece. 
Cjinada.  Cuba,  Switzerland,  Egypt,  Turkey,  Spain,  Serbia,  Ecuador,  and  the  Netherlands.  Headquartere, 
House  of  the  Temple,  Sixteenth  and  S  Street,?.  N   W.,  Washington,  D.  C  and  299  Broadway..  New  York. 


Judiciary  of  th-e  State  of  New  York. 


84S 


JUDICIARY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NEW    YORK. 

COUKT  OF  APPEALS. 


JUDGliS. 


Frank  H.  Hiscock,  Chief  Judge 

•Emory  A.  Chase,  Associate  Judge. . . . 

Frederick  Collin.  "  

WiUiam  H.  Cuddeback,     "  

John  W.  Hogaa,  "  

Benjamin  N.  Cardozo.       "       

Outhbert  W.  Pound,  "  

Chester  B.  McLaughlin,     "  . . . , 

•Frederick  E.  Crane,  "  

•William  S.  Andrews. . . . . 

♦Temporary  designation  to  Court. 


Residences. 


Syracu.se.  . 
Catskill.  .  . 

Elmira 

Buffalo 

Syracu.se.  . 
New  York . 
Lockport.  . 
New  York. 
Brooklyn . . 
Syr.i.cuse.  . 


Counties. 


Onondaga.  . 

Greene 

Ctiemung. . . 

Erie 

Onondaga.  . 
New  York . . 
Niagara.  . . . 
New  York. . 

Kings 

Onondaga .  . 


.Salaries 


S14.200 
13,700 
13,700 
13,700 
13,700 
13,700 
1,3,700 
13,700 
13,700 
13,700 


Politics . 


Rep . . . 
Rep... 
Dem. . 
Dem. . 
Dera.  . 
I.  Dem 
Rep . . . 
Rep... 
Rep . . . 
Rep , . 


Terras  K.xpire. 


Dec.  31,  1926 
Temporary. 
Dec.  31,  1920 
Dec.  31.  1922 
Dec.  31,  1923 
Dec.  31,  1932 
Dec-  31.  1930 
Dec.  31.  1932 
Temporary. 
Temi)orary. 


APPELLATE  DIVISION.  SUPREME  COURT  (OUTSIDE  N.  Y.  CITY  AND  SECOND  DISTRICT). 


Districts. 

Justices. 

Residehces. 

Politics. 

Terms  Expire; 

3d.    Sullivan,    Ulster,    Greene.    Co- 
lumbia, Schoharie,  Albany,   Rens- 

A.  V.  S.  Cochrane 

John  M.  Kellogg  (P.  J.)...  . 
George  F.  Lyon 

Hudson 

Ogdeusburg. .  .  . 
Bingliamton .  . . 
Buftiiio 

Plattsbnrg 

Fredonia 

Olean 

Rep 

Rep 

Rep 

Rep 

Rep.  .  .  . 

Rep 

Rep 

Dem 

Rep 

Rep .... 

Dec.  31.  1920 
Dec.  31.  1931 
Jan»ll.  1919 
Feb     28.    1924 

.lohn  Woodward 

Warren.  Hamilton,  Es-sex.  Clinton, 
Franklin,  St.  Lawrence.  Delaware, 
Otsego,  Broome,  Clienango,  Madi- 
son,  Cortland,    Tioga,    Tompkins, 
Schuyler.  Chemung. 

4th      Herkimer         Oneida         Lewis. 

Henry  T.  Kellogg 

.Joiin  S.  Lambert.  .      .  . 

Dec.  31,  1931 
Dec     ."^l      1922 

Jefferson,  Oswego,  Onondaga.  Cav- 

Frederick  W.  Kruse  (P.  J.). 

Edgars.  K.  Merrell 

Pascal  C.  J.  De  Angells 

Nathaniel  Foote 

Dec.    31,    1922 

uga,     Seneca,     Wayne,     Ontario, 
Yates,  Steuben.  Livingston.  Mon- 

Lowvlile  

Utica 

May  15,  1918 
Dec.   31,   1920 

roe,  Allegany,  Wyoming.  Genesee, 

Rochester 

Dec.    31,  1919 

Orleans.  Niagara,   Erie,  Cattarau- 
•    SU8,  C:hautauQua. 

(P.  J.)  Presldlne  Justice. 

The  salaries  of  Justices  of  the  Supreme  CoiU't  are:  First  and  Second  Districts,  .$17,500;  remaining 
Districts,  310,000;  but  non-resident  Justices,  sitting  In  the  .\ppellate  Division  of  the  First  and  Second  De- 
partments, receive  the  same  compensation  as  the  Justices  in  tliose  Departments;  If  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
First  and  Second  Districts,  other  than  In  the  Appellate  Division,  their  additional  compensation  is  .SIO  per  day. 


SUPREME  COURT    (OUTSIDE   NEW   YORK   CITY  AND   SECOND  DISTRICT). 


DlST. 

Justices. 

Residences. 

Party 

Exp.* 

DlST. 

Ju.stices. 

Residences 

Party 

Exp.» 

3..., 

William  P.  Rudd.  . 

Albany 

Rep.. 

1921 

7 

Adelbert  P.  Rich .  . 

Auburn 

Rep... 

1928 

Lesley  O.  Howard . 

Troy 

Rep. . 

1930 

Nathaniel  Foote . . . 

Rochester.  .  . 

Rep..* 

1919 

A.  V.S.  Cochrane. 

Hudson 

Rep.. 

1929 

Wm.  W.  Clark 

Wayland .... 

Rep.. 

1920 

H.  J.  Hinman 

Albany 

Rep.. 

1932 

George  A.  Benton.. 

■Spencerport.. 

Rep.. 

1918 

Emory  A.  Chase.. . 

Catskill 

Rep.. 

1924 

Samuel  N.  Sawyer. . 

Palmyra 

Rep.. 

1921 

G.  D.B.  Hasbrouck 

King.ston.  . .  . 

Rep.. 

1926 

Rob.  F.  Thompson. 

Canandaigua. 

Rep.. 

1930 

Charles  E.  Nichols . 

Jefferson .... 

Rep.. 

1930 

Adolf  J.  Rodenbeck 

Rochester.  .  . 

Rep.. 

1930 

4 

8    .  .  . 

John  S.  Lambert,  . 

Fredonia .... 

Rep.. 

W22 

Henry  V.  Borst . '.  . 

Amsterdam. . 

Dem. 

1927 

Harry  L.  Taylor. . . 

Buffalo 

Rep.. 

1927 

Chas.  C.  Van  Kirk . 

Greenwich .    . 

Kep. . 

1919 

Herbert  P.  Bissell.. 

Buffalo 

Dem. 

1927 

Henry  T.  Kellogg . . 

Plattsbn  ,   . . 

Rep. . 

1931 

Frank  C.  Laughlln. 

Buffalo 

Rep.. 

1923 

C.B.McLaugliUn.. 

Port  Henry.  . 

Rep.. 

1923 

C;harle3  A.  Pooley.. 

Buffalo 

I.-R.. 

1924 

E.G. Whitmyer.  .  . 

Scliencci  ;idv . 

Rep. . 

1925 

Fred'k  W.  Kruse. . . 

Olean 

Rep.. 

1922 

5.... 

Wm.  S.  Andrews.  . 

Syracuse .... 

Kei,.. 

1927 

John  Woodward . . . 

Jamestown.. . 

Rep.. 

1924 

Wm.  M.  Ro^s 

S.vracnse .... 

Hep  . 

1928 

Edward  K.Emery. 

Buffalo 

Rep.. 

1920 

P.  C.J.  DeAngelis. 

UUca 

Rep. . 

1920 

Louis  W.  Marcus. . 

Buffalo 

Rep.. 

1920 

I.  L.  Devendorf .  .> 

Herliimer. . .  . 

Rep. . 

1919 

Charles  H.  Brown . 

Belmont 

Rep.. 

1920 

Leonard  C.  Croucli. 

Syracuse .... 

Dem. 

1927 

Charles  B.  Wheeler 

Buffalo 

Rep.. 

1921 

Edgar  8,  K.  Merrell 

Lowviile 

Dem. 

1923 

Wesley  C.  Dudley . 

Buffalo 

Rep.. 

1930 

Irving  G.  Hubbs... 

Pulaski 

Rep.. 

192.5 

George  W.  Cole . . . 

Salamanca . . . 

Rep.. 

1930 

Edgar  C.  Emerson . 

Wiitertown .  . 

Hep. . 

1920 

9... 

Isaac  N.  Mill? 

Mt.  Vernon. . 

Rep.. 

1920 

6.... 

George  McCann. .. 

EIraira 

Rep.. 

1927 

A.  S.  Tompkins .  .  . 

Nyack 

Rep.. 

1920 

Rowland  L.  Davis.. 

Cortland .... 

Rep.. 

1929 

Jos.  Morschauser . . 

Poughkeepsie 

Rep.. 

1920. 

Michael  H.  Kiley. . 

Cazeuovia. .  . 

Rep.. 

1926 

Albert  H.  F.  Seeger 

Newburgh . . . 

Rep.. 

1931 

W.  Lloyd  Smith.  .  . 

Eimira 

Rep.. 

1926 

Martin  J.  Keogh .  . 

New  Rochelle 

Dem. 

1922 

George  F.  Lyon . .  . 

Bingli.amton.. 

Rep.. 

1919 

William  P.  Piatt. . . 

White  Plains. 

Dem. 

1929 

J.  Addison  Young. . 

New  Rochelle 

Rep.. 

1929 

•  Terms  expire  December  31  of  year  named. 

Judicial  Districts  comprise  counties  as  follows:  (3) — Columbia,  Rensselaer,  Sidlivan,  Ulster.  Albany, 
Greene,  and  Schoharie  Counties.  (4) — W.orren,  Saratoga.  St.  Lawrence,  Washington,  Essex,  Franklin, 
Clinton.  Montgomery,  Hamilton,  Fulton,  and  Schenectady  Counties.  (5) — Onondaga.  Jefferson.  Oneida, 
Oswego,  Herkimer,  and  Lewis  Counties.  (6) — Otsego,  Delaware,  Madison,  Chenango,  Tompkins,  Broome. 
Chemung,  Schuyler,  Tioga,  and  Cortland  Counties.  (7) — Livingston,  Ontario,  Wayne,  Yates,  Steuben. 
Seneca,  Cayuga,  and  Monroe  Counties.  (8) — Erie,  Chautauqua,  Cattaraugus.  Orleans,  Niagara,  Genesefe, 
AUestany.  and  Wyoming  Counties.     (9) — Westchester.  Putnam,  Dutchess,  Orange,  and  Rockland  Counties. 


844 


Courts  Xeu)  York  City. 


Courts  KcU)  ¥oiit  (tits- 

FEDERAL   COURTS. 

Circuit  Court  of  Apoeals  (Second  District) — Has  jurisdiction  in  Federal  cases  over  Councctreui. 
Vermont,  and  tlie  whole  of  New  York  State.  Sits  at  Federal  Building,  Manliattan.  Judges  (.'S7,000  a 
year)— Henry  G.  Wdrd,  Henry  Wade  Rogers,  Charles  M.  Hough,  :Marlln  T.  Manton.  C^erJ;— WilHam 
Parkin,  -53,600. 

District  (Southern  of  New  York) — Headquarters,  Federal  Building,  Manhattan.  Judges  ($6,000  a 
year)— ^Learned  Hand,  Julius  M.  Mayer,  Augustus  N.  Hand.     Clerk — Alexander  Gilchrist,  Jr.  (fees). 

District  (Eastern  of  New  York) — Headquarters,  Federal  Building,  Brooklyn.  Judges  ($6,000  a  year) 
— Thomas  Ives  Chatfleld  and  Edwin  L.  Garvin.     Clerk — Percy  G.  B.  Gilkes  (fe&s). 

The  Second  Circuit  Is  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Justice  Louis  D.  Brandeis,  of  the  Supreme  Court  o' 
the  United  States.  Each  Justice  of  that  tribunal  is  assigned  to  a  Federal  Circuit  and  to  him  are  made  any 
motions  or  applications  touching  matters  as  to  which  a  single  United  States  Supreme  Court  Jtistlcc  may  act, 
arising  in  his  respective  circuit. 

STATE,  COUNTY  AND  CITY  COURTS. 

Supreme  (Appellate  Division) — First  Judicial  DepartmciU,  Madison  Avenue  and  Twenty-fllt.h  Street. 
Cfler^ — Alfred  Wagstaft. 

Second  Judicial  Dei)artmcnt,  Borough  Hall,  Brooklyn.     Clerk — John  B.  Byrne. 

First  Judicial  District,  County  Court  House,  51  Chambers  Street,  Manhattan.  Clerk — William  )•'. 
Schneider. 

Second  Judicial  District,  .503  Fulton  Street.  Brooklyn.     Clerk — Joseph  H.  De  Bragga. 


Department. 

Justices. 

Residences. 

Politics. 

Designations 
Expire. 

1st.    Tlie  Obunty  of  New  York 

John  Proctor  Clarke,  P.  J .  . 

Victor  J.  DowUng 

Edgar  S.  K.  Merrell 

Frank  C.  Laughlln 

Walter  Lloyd  Smith 

Alfred  R.  Page 

New  York 

Lowvllle.. '.".!!! 

Buffalo 

Elmira 

New  York 

Brooklyn 

Mt.  Vernon . '. '. . 

Auburn 

Brooklyn 

Patohogue'. '. '.  '.  . 

Rep 

Dem .... 
Dem. . . . 
Rep .... 
Rep. . . . 

Rep 

Ind.  Dem 

Dem .... 
Dem. . .  . 
Rep .... 

Dem 

Dem. . .  . 
Rep .... 
Rep .... 

Dec.    31,  1920 
••       31,  1932 
'•       3),  1923 
"       31,  1920 
'•       31,  1030 
31,  1923 

2U.    Iving.*!,   Queens,    Nassau,   Rich- 

Clarence J.  Sheara 

William  J.  Kelly 

••       31,  1929 
Nov.     0    1931 

mond,    Suffolk,    Rockland,    "W'est- 
cheste'"    PutnMm     Orange.    Dutch- 

Almet  F.  Jenks,  P.  J 

Isaac  N   Mills    ... 

Dee.    31,  1923 
Mav      3     192(1 

Adelbert  P.  Rich 

Temporary. 

Dec.    .".1,  1922 
"       31,  1920 

Harrington  Putnam 

Abel  E.  Blackraar 

Walter  H.  Jay  cox 

Supreme  (General  and  Special  Term) — First  Judicial  District,  Civil  Term,  County  Court  House, 
City  H.all  Park;  Criminal  Term,  Court  House,  Centre  and  Franklin  Streets,  Manliattan.  Clerk — William 
F.  Schneider. 

Second  Judicial  District,  \n  Kings  County,  Civil  and  Criminal  Terms  at  the  County  Court  House, 
Joralemon  and  Pulton  Streets.  Clerk — James  F.  McGee.  In  Queens  County,  at  the  County  Court  House, 
Long  Island  City.  Special  Deputy  Clerk  in  Charge — Thomas  B.  Seaman.  In  Richmond  County,  at  the 
County  Court  House,  Richmond,  for  Trial  Term.     County  Clerk — C.  Livingston  Bostwick. 

The  salaries  of  Justices  of  the  Supremo  Court  are:  First  and  Second  Districts,  SI 7,500;  remaining 
Districts,  510,000;  but  non-rcsideut  Justices,  sitting  in  the  Appellate  Division  of  the  Eirst  and  Second  De- 
partments, receive  the  same  compensation  as  the  Justices  In  tho^  Departments;  if  assigned  to  duty  in  the 
First  and  Sejcond  DLstricts,  other  than  la  the  Appellate  Divl.slon,  their  additional  compensation  Is  $10  per  day 

'  FIRST    DISTRICT,    NEW  YORK   CITY   AND    COUNTY. 


JUSTICES. 


Samuel  Greenbaum. . . 

Francis  M.  Scott 

Joseph  E.  Newburger. 
■•'emon  M.  Davis. . . . ■. 

Philip  H.  Dugro 

Victor  J.  DowUng 

Thomas  F.  Donnelly. . 
Eugene  A.  Phllbln.... 

■  Irving  Lehman  

Leonard  A.  Glegerlch. 

Alfred  R.  Page 

Nathan  Bijur , 

Edward  J.  Ga vegan. . . 
John  Proctor  Clarke. . 

John  W.  Goff 

Bartow  S.  Weeks 


Politics. 


Dem. . . 
Dem. . . 
Dem. . . 
Dem. . . 
Dem. . . 
Dem. . . 
Dem. . . 
D.  &  F 
Dem . . . 
Dem.. . 

Rep 

Rep 

Rep.... 
Rep.... 
Dem . . . 
Dem. . . 


Terms  Expire 


Dec, 


31,  1929 
31,  1918 
31,  1919 
31,  1925 
31,  1928 
31,  1918 
31,  1926 
31,  1927 
31,  1922 
31.  1920 
31,  1923 
31,  1923 
31,  1923 
31,  1926 
31,  1918 
31,  1928 


JUSTICES. 

Politics. 

Terinh  Expire 

Clarence  J.  Shearn 

Dem.. . . 
Dem.. . . 

Rep 

R.  N.  P. 
I),  I.  L.. 
Dem.. . . 
Dem. . . . 

Dem 

Dem. ... . 
Ind.  L... 

Dem 

Dem.. . . 

Dem 

Dem .... 

Dem 

Dem. . . . 

Dec.  3J,  1929 

John  M.  Tierncy .' , 

Edward  R.  Finch 

"  31.  1929 
'•     31,  1929 

George  V.  Mullen 

Richard  H.  Mitchell 

Edward  G.  Whitaker .\ 

M.  Warley  Platzek i 

•'  31,  1930 
••  31,  1930 
"  31.  1926 
"     31,  192,) 

Peter  A.  Hendrick -„ 

••     31,  1920 

John  Ford ..-. 

Mitchell  L.  Erlanger 

Francis  K.  Pendleton 

Daniel  P  Cohalau 

••  31,  1920 
"  31,  1920 
••  31,  1921 
'•     31,  1926 

Henry  D.  Hotchklss 

Charles  L  Guv         

•'  31,  1925 
'•     31,  1920 

Francis  B.  Delehanty 

John  V   McAvoy 

'•  31,  1929 
••     31,  1931 

SECOND  DISTRICT— COUNTIES  OF  KINGS,  QUEENS,  NASSAU,  RICHMOND,  AND  SUFFOLK. 


JUSTICES. 

Residences. 

Party 

Exp.» 

JUSTICES. 

Residences. 

Party 

Exp* 

Isaac  M  Kappep 

Brooklyn 

Dem 

1923 

Robert  H.  Roy 

Brooklyn 

Dem 

1932 

Stephen  Callaghan 

Leandef  B.  Faber 

Rep.. 

1929 

Joseph  Aspinall 

'*         .... 

Rep  . 

1920 

Rep 

1932 

Frederick  E.  Crane 

Rep. 

1920 

Harrington  Putnam. .  .  . 

Dem. 

1921 

Lester  W.  Clark 

New  Brighton. 

Rep. 

1920 

David  F.  Manning 

Dem 

1926 

Edward  Lazansky 

Brooklyn 

Dem 

1931 

Almet  P.  Jenks. 

Derfl. 

1926 

Towu,send  Scudder 

Glen  Head 

Dem 

1920 

Lewis  L.  Fawcett 

Rep. 

1931 

Russell  Benedict 

Brooklyn 

Rep 

1925 

William  J.  Kelly 

Dem. 

1931 

James  C.  Van  Siclen  — 

Jamaica 

Rep 

1926 

Edward  B.  Thomas 

Rep. 

1918 

Charles  H.  Kelby ...... .. 

Brooklyn 

Rep 

1925 

*  Terms  expire  December  31  of  year  uiimeii. 


Courts,  New  York  City— Continued. 

SURROGATE   COURTS. 


84.'), 


Marituttan  (Hall  of  Records)— Robert  L.  Fowler 
ana  John  P.  Cohalan.  Terms  expire  December  31, 
1919,  and  December  31,  1922,  respectively  (815,000 
each).  Clerk — Daniel  J.  Dowduey  (S5,000). 
"  •  Bronx  (1918  Artliur  Avenue) — George  M.  S. 
Schuiz   tSlO.OOO). 


Brooklyn  (Hall  of  Record.si — Herbert  T.  iCetchata 
($15,000).    Clerk— 3ohvi  H.  McCooey   (.$9,000).-   -  - 

Queen.s  (364  Fulton  .Street  Jamaica) — Daniel 
Noble  (510,000). 

Richmond  (Court  House) — J.  H.  Tieman  (com- 
bined salary  as  Judge  and  Surrogate,  SIO.OOO). 

CITY  COURTS. 


32  Chambers  Street.     The  Jiulges 

are  elected  for  a  term  of  tou  years  at  an  annual  salary  of  312,000. 

JUDGE.S. 

Term  Expires 

Judges. 

Term  Expires 

Edward  F.  O'Dwyer 

Dec.  31,  1927 
••     31,  1927 
"     31,  1927 
"     31,  1927 
"     31,  1927 

Edwai'd  B.  La  Fetra 

Dec.  31,  1921 

Peter  Sclimuclc 

"     31,  191'> 

John  L.  Walsh 

Richard  H    Smith 

"     31    191'> 

Alexander  Flnelite 

Lorenz  Zeller      

"     31,  191' 

Abraham  G.  Meyer 

Louis  A.  Valeute 

"     31,  1921 

Cltr\ — Franlv  J.  Goodwin.     Dcpwy  Cleric — William  C.  Blaney. 

COUNTY   COURTS, 


litoiv.i— Judge  L.   D.   Gibbs   ($10,000), 

Kinj<:- — Judges    Norman    S.     Dike,    J.     Grattau 

MacMahon,    Chas.    J.    McDerraott,    and    Mitchell 

May  (SI 2. .500  each). 


Queens — Judge  Burt  Jay  Humphrey  (812,500). 
Richmond — Jiidge  J.  H.  Tlernau  (combined  saUirv 
as  Judge  .and  Surrogate,  810,000). 


GENERAL 

SESSIONS. 

JUDCiES. 

Term  Expires 

Judges. 

Term  Expires 

Thos   C  T   Craio          

Dee.  31,  1920 
"     31,  1921 
"     31,  1921 
"     31,  1927 

Otto  A.  Rosalsky 

Chas.  C.  Nott,  Jr '.  .  : 

John  F.  Mclntyre 

Dec    ii\     1920 

"      31,  1927 

Jas  T   Malone         .    .  .  ■    

"     31,  1930 

Wm.  H.  Wadhams 

-Edward  H.  Carroll. 


Judges  of  General  Sessions  receive  an  annual  salary  of  S17,500  each. 
SPECIAL   SESSIONS. 


Justices. 

Salary . 

Term   Expires. 

Justices. 

Salary . 

Term  Expires. 

Fredorir     Kernochaii,    Chief 

$10,000 
9,000 
0.000 
9,000 
9,000 
9.000 

July      1,    1926 
Mar.           1926 
May           1922 
Dec.  31,    1919 
Dec.  31,    1921 
Nov.  27,  1927 

Joseph  F.  Moss 

$9,000 
9,000 
9,000 
9,000 
9,000 
9,000 

July     1,   1920 

Justice 

George  J.  O'Keefe 

Dec.    31,  1927 

Clarence  Edwards 

Arthur  C.  Salmon 

July     1,    192S 

Cornelius  T.  Collins 

Moses  Herrinan 

July     1,    1921 

Albert  V,  B.  Voorhees 

John  J.  Freschi 

July      1,    1925 

James  J.  Mclnernev 

Henry  W.  Herbert 

July     9,   1925 

Daniel  I .  Murphy 

Frank  W.  Smith,  Chief  ClerU  salary  S5,005;  office  32  Franklin  Street. 

PART  I — Criminal  Courts  Building,  Borough  of  Manhatlau.  Part  II — 171  Atlantic  Avenue,  Brook- 
lyn; Part  III — Town  Hall,  Jamaica,  Queens.  This  court  is  held  on  Tuesdays.  Part  IV — Borough  Hall, 
St.  George,  S.  I.  This  court  is  held  on  Wednesdays.  Part  V — Bronx  County  Court  House,  161st  Street 
and  Third  Avenue,  Bronx.  This  court  is  held  on  Thiirsdays.  Part  VI — (Circuit  Court) — Held  in  Bucli 
counties,  and  at  such  times,  as  the  stress  of  business  requires  and  the  Chief  Justice  shall  direct. 

"^  ^  CHILDREN'S    COURT. 


3    Justices.* 

Sal- 
ary. 

Term 
Expires. 

Assigum't 
Expires. 

JUSTICES."* 

Sal- 
ary. 

Term 
Expires. 

Assignm't. 
E.xpires. 

Franklin  Chase  Hoyt, 
«■  Presiding  Justice . . 
Samuel  D.  Levy 

^9,000 
9,000 

June  30,  '27. 
June  30,  '21. 

June  30,  '22. 
June  30,  '21. 

John  B.  Mayo 

Morgan  M.  L.  Ryan. 
Robert  J.  Wilkin .... 

$9,000 
9,000 
9,000 

June  30,  '19. 
Dec.  31,  '23. 
Apr.  15,  '23. 

June  30,  '11 
June  30,  ■2-i 
June  30,  '^O 

s*Tlie  Justices  are  Justices  of  the  Court  of  Special  Sessions  assigned  by  the  Mayor  to  the  Children'.s 
Court.  Adolphus  Ragan,  Chief  Clerk,  85,160;  Bernard  J.  Pagan,  Chief  Probation  Officer,  S3, 840r  Office? 
137  East  Twenty-second  St.  .... 

Parts  I  and  II  (New  York  County) — 137  East  Twenty-second  St.,  Dennis  A.  Lambert.  ClerH.  S4.140. 
Part  III  (Kings  County) — 102  Court  St.,  Wm.  C.  McKee,  Clerk,  83,000.  Part  IV  (Bronx  County)-  - 
355  East  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-seventh  St.,  Bernard  J.  Schneider,  Clerk,  $2,000.  Part  V  (Queeiils 
Countv) — 19  Flushing  Ave.,  Sydney  Ollendorff,  Clerk,  $2,340.  Part  VI  (Richmond  County) — Bank 
Building,  New  Brighton,  Philip  F.  Collins,  Clerk,  82,340. 

Court  is  held  dailv  in  Parts  I,  II  and  III:  Monday,  Thursday  and  Saturday  of  each  week  in  Part  IV: 
Tuesday  and  Friday  of  each  week  in  Part  V;  Wednesday  of  each  week  in  Part  VI. 

CITY     MAGISTRATES     COURTS. 

MANHATTAN    AND    BRONX. 

Ist  District — 110  White  Street.  2d  District — 125  Sixth  Avenue  (Jefferson  Market).  3d  District 
— Secoud  Avenue  and  let  Street.  4th  District— 151  East  57th  Street.  5th  District — 170  East  121st  Street. 
Cth  District — East  102d  Street,  corner  Brook  Avenue.-  7th  District— 314  West  54th  Street.  8th  District 
— 181st  Street  and  Boston  Road.  9th  District— (Night  Court  tor  AVomen) — 125  Sixth  Avenue  (Jefferaott 
Market)  10th  District — (Night  Court  lor  Men) — 151  East  57th  Street.  11th  District — (Domestic  Re- 
lations Court) — 151  East  57th  Street.  12th  District— 1130  St.  Nicholas  Avenue.  13th  District— (Domes- 
t'o  Relations  Court,  Bronx) — 1014  East  ISlst  Street.  Municipal  Term — Municipal  Building.  Traffic 
riourt — 301  Mott  Street.     Chief  Probation  Officer,  300  Mulberry  Street. 

BROOKLYN. 

Office  of  Deputy  Chief  Clerk— 44  Couit  Street.  1st  District— (Women's  Night  Court)— 318  Adams 
Street.  2d  District— (Municipal  Term,  Part  II.) — Court  and  Butler  Streets.  5th  District— Williamsburg' 
Bridge  Plaza.  6th  Di8trict^--495  Gates  Avenue.  7th  District— 31  Snyder  Avenue,  Flatbiish.  8th  District — 
West  8th  Street,  Coney  Island.  9th  District — 5th  Avenue  and  23d  Street.  10th  District — 133  New  Jerscs' 
Avenue.    Domestic  ffl.elations — Myrtle  and  Vrfnderbilt  Avenues. 

f  QUEENS.  „^  ^,      . 

-«     tst  District — St.  Mary's  Lvceum,  Long  Island  City.    2d  Distrii't  — Town  Hall.  Flushing.    3d  Discnct— 
Centra!  Avenue,  Far  Rockaway.    4th  District — Town  Hall,  Janiaioa. 

RICHMOND. 

Isc  District— T>arayette  Avenue,  New  lii-lgtiton.     2d  District— Villaire  Halt,  Stapletoa. 


846 


Gourts  New  York  GUi/ — Continued. 


CITY    MACiSTRATES. 

MANHATTAN    AND   BRONX.      (S7.000  A  YEAR  SALARY.) 


Namb, 


llomc  Address. 


Chief,  William  McAdoo. 

Peter  T.  Barlow 

WllllaraBlau 

Edwara  F.  Boyle 

Matthew  P.  Brceu 

Alexander  Brough 

W.  Bruce  Cobb .... 

Bernard  J.  Douras 

Joseph  K.  Corrigan 

Henry  H.  Curran 

Edgap  V.  Prothingham. . 

Predericic  J.  Groetil 

Charles  N.  Harris 

Frederick  B.  House 

Morris  Roenig 

John  E.  McGeelian 

l?rancis  X.  McQuade.  .  .  . 

Norman  J.  Marsli 

Thomas  J.  Nolan 

Charles  E.  Slmins 

Robert  C.  Ten  Eyck 

Wllllaiii  A.  Swoetser 

F.  X.  Mancaso . 


.58  West  47tU  Street,  Manhattan . 


471  Park  Avenue,  Mauluittau. 

40  Avenue  G,  Manhattan 

f  25  Beeluuan  Place,  Manhattan 

409  Edgecombe  Avenue,  Manhattan. 
2;i4  West  J 03(1  Street,  Majihattan.  .  . 
2;U  Central  Park  West,  Mauliattan. 

0-9  Courtlandt  Avenue.  Bron.x 

o  East  10th  Street,  Manhattan. . .  . 
31  West  11th  Street,  Manhattan.  .  . 
0  East  70th  Street,  Manhattan. . . ; 
601  West  149th  Street,  Manhattan.  . 
120  East  72d  Street,  Manhattan. . .  ^ . 
413  West  146th  Street,  Manhattan .  . 
314  East  Fourth  Street,  Alanhattuu.. 

1970  University  Avenue,  Bronx 

725  Riverside  Drive,  Manhattiin.  .  .  . 
400  West  153d  Street,  Manliatt.an .  .  . 

9  Madison  Street,  Manhattan 

167  Alexander  Avenue,  Bronx 

310  Alexander  Avenue,  Bronx 

1S3  West  88th  Street,  Manhattan .  .  .  . 
246  East  115th  Street,  Manhattan. . . 


Original 
Appoint- 
ment. 


E.  J.  Healy 3493  Valentine  Avenue,  Bronx. 


July 

May 

Aug. 

Dee. 

l\ily 

Aug. 

July 

Dec. 

July 

April 

June 

Jan. 

May 

Feb. 

June 

Aug. 

July 

April 

July 

Jan. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

May 

Mar. 


1. 1910 

2, 1902 

10,  1917 

26,  1917 

1,  1902 

2,  1916 
9,  1915 
5, 1918 

15,  1907 

0,  1917 
28, 1915 

7,  1916 

1,  1907 
1,  1907 

28, 1915 

16,  1917 
6,  1911 
1,  1913 
2, 1913 

30,  1914 
11,  1913 
4, 1918 
23, 1918 
28, 1918 


ExpiratioD 

of  Present 

Term. 


June  30, 
April  30, 
Aug.  15, 
June  30, 
June  30, 
April  30, 
July  S, 
May  25, 
July  14. 
April  30, 
April  30, 
June  30, 
June  30, 
April  30, 
April  30, 
Aug.  15, 
June  30, 
July  14, 
July  ) , 
July  1, 
July  2, 
June  30, 
June  30, 
June  30, 


1926 
1923 
1919 
1920 
1922 
1927 
1925 
1923 
1827 
1927 
1925 
1919 
1919 
1927 
1925 
1923 
1922 
1927 
1921 
1923 
1921 
1919 
1920 
1919 


BROOKLYN. 


T" 


Charies  J.  Dodd . 

Edwai-d  J.  Dooley 

George  H.  Folwell 

Alexander  H.  Gelsmar. 

Leon  G.  Godley 

Francis  A.  McCloskey. 

John  C.  McGulre 

Howard  P.  Nash 

Louis  H.  Reynolds.  .  .  . 

Alfred  E.  Steers 

Jos.  V.  Short,  Jr 

John  J.  Walsli 


845  Lafayette  Avenue.  Brooklyn .  . 

232  Clermont  Avenue,  Brooklyn. . . 

372  AVashington  Avenue,  Brooklyn . 

1210  82d  Street,  Brooklyn 

34  Jefferson  Avenue,  Brooklyn.  .    . 

333  East  25th  Street,  Brooklyn 

Hotel  St.  George,  Brooklyn 

425  East  23d  Street,  Brooklyn 

575  16th  Street,  Brooklyn 

2694  Bedford  Avenue,  Pirooklyn . .    .  . 

152  North  7th  Street,  Brooklyn  ... 

110  Johnson  Street,  Brooklyn 


May  1, 
May  1, 
April  2,-), 
Oct.  25, 
Doc.  26. 
Sept.  24. 


Jan. 
July 
Mar 
July 

May 
Feb. 


1911 
1911 
1914 
1906 
1917 
1917 
1908 
1909 
1911 
1913 
1918 
1913 


May  1, 
May  J , 
Dec.  3 J, 
Dec.  31, 

May  1 , 
Sept.  24, 


May 
July 
May 
July 

May 
May 


1921 
1921 
1921 
1927 
1921 
1925 
1921 
1919 
1921 
1923 
1921 
1921 


QUEENS. 

J.  J.  Conway 

20  Pearson  Street,  L.  I.  City. 

9S  Elm  Street,  Long  Island  City,  L.  I 

160  Ellsworth  Avenue,  Richmond  Hill,  L.  I. . 
120  Bergen  Avenue,  Jamaica,  L.  I 

.  .  Jan. 
.  .  May 
..IMar. 
..lOct. 

3, 

10, 

8, 

5, 

1918  Jan. 
1917  July 
1916  Dee 
1911  Dec. 

:i.  1927 

)i>   1927 

John  Kocheudorfer 

Harry  Miller 

:  ;.  1925 
:  ;.  1927 

RICHMOND. 

William  T.  Croak 

Port  Richmond,  S.  I 

..|.ran. 

3, 

1918  Jaii. 

3.  1927 

Deputy  Chief  Clerk — ^^  ii.'iam  V. 


litkin. 
Ibertr. 

Ki/Vt-    L. 


Chief  Clerk — Frank  Oliver.     Assistant  Chief  Clerk — Jcs.sc  Bernhard. 
Delaney.     Cliicf  Probation  Officer — Edwin  J.  Cooley. 

i'  MUNICIPAL    COURTS. 

Board  of  Justices,    .\aron    J.  Levy,  President,  264    Madison  Street.     Salaries  SS.OOO  in    Mj.!i!iiittaD 
Bronx  and  Brooklyn;  87,000  in  Queens  and  Richmond. 

i  MANHATTAN. 

I  St   District,  140  Grand  Street,  Wauhope  Lynn,  William  F.  Moore,  John  Iloyer. 
2d    District,  264  Madison  Street,  Benjamin  HoJtmnn,  Aaron  J.  Levy,  Jacob  Panken,  Leonard  A.  S 
3d;   District.  314  West  54th  Street,  Titomas  E.  Murr.ny,  Thomas  F.  Noonan. 
4til  District,  207  East  32d  Street,  Michael  F.  Blake,  Edw.  F.  Boyle. 

6th  District,  96th  Street  and  Broadway,  Cli.is.  W.  Coleman,  William  Young, i Frederick  SpIci.-. 
6th  District,  155-1.57  East  88tli  Street,  Jacob  Marks,  Solomon  Oppenheimer.' 
7th  District,  70  Manliattan  Street,  Jolin  R.  Davies,  S.  Clinton  Crane,  Samsou  Friedlander. 
8th  District,  Sylvan  Place  and  121st  Street,  Leopold  Prince,  John  F.  Cowan, 
9th  District,  59tli  Street  aud   .Madison  Avenue,  Edgar  J.  leaner,  Frank  J.  .Coieman,  Jr.,   Gc; 
Oenung,  William  C.  AVllson, 

BRONX. 
l8t  District,  1400  Williamsbridgc  Road,  Peter  A.  Sl)oiI,  Harry  Robitzek. 
2d   District,  East  162d  Street  and  Washington  Avenue.  Willi.oin  E,  Morris,  MicliacI  J.  Bv.m:):: 

BROOKLYN. 
1st  District,  State  and  Court  Streets,  James  A.  Dunne. 
2d    District,  495  Gates  Avenue,  Jolm  R.  FaiTar,  O.  G.  Estebrook. 
3d    District,  6  and  8  Lee  Avenue,  Philip  D.  Meagher,  Wm.  J.  Bogenschutz. 
■  4th  District,  14  Howard  Avenue,  Jacolj  S.  Stralil. 
5th  District,  5220  Third  Avenue,  Cornelius  Furgueson. 
6th  District,  230  Duffleld  Street,  Edgar  M.  Dougllty,   William  D.   Nipcr. 
7th  District,  31  Pennsylvania  .Avenue,  Edward  A.  Richards,  Charles  B.   Law. 

QUEENS. 
1st.  District,  U5  Fifth  Street,  L.  1.  City,  Thomas  C.  Kadien. 
2d    lilstrlct,  Broadway  and  Court  Street,  Elmhurst,  John  M.  Cragen. 
3(1    District,   1908  Myrtle  Avenue,  Alfred  Denton. 
4th  District,  Town  Hall,  Jamaica,  William  E.  Kennedy. 

RICHMOND. 

1st  Di.strict,  Village  HalJ,  New  Brighton,  Thomas  C.  Brown. 
2d    District,  A'iJI.nire  H;ii!,   Sta;})i'to:i,   .4riioi'.1  J.   B.   WedemejCi-. 


Deaths  From  Street  Accidents  in  New  Yorl:  Cit)/. 


847 


POPULATION    OF   NEW    YORK    CITY    BY    BOROUGHS. 

.^    -^^'^^  '^^^  figures— like  those  of  other  years  since  1915,  wlieu  the  State  took  a  census— sre  fStirnatM  of. 
tjjo  Bureau  oJ  Vital  Statistics  of  tUe  Municipal  Department  of  Hea,lth. 


VE\B. 


1918. 
1917. 
1916. 
1915. 
1914. 
1913. 
1912. 
1911. 
1910. 
1909. 
1908. 
1907. 
1906. 
1905. 
1900. 
1890. 
1880. 
1870.. 
1860. 
1850. 
1840. 
1830. 
1820. 
1810. 
1800. 


Manhattan . 


2,731 

2.682 

2,634 

2,295; 

2,538 

2,438 

2,389 

2,365, 

2.331, 

2,292, 

2,232, 

2,174, 

2,112, 

1,950, 

]  ,850, 

1,441, 

1,164, 

942, 

813, 

515, 

312, 

202, 

123, 

90, 

60, 


,731 
977 
223 
761 
,600 
.001 
,204 
161 
542 
894 
,828 
335 
697 
000 
093 
216 
673 
292 
669 
547 
710 
589 
706 
373 
515 


Broii.\. 


622,555 

599,216 

575,877 

649,726 

641,980 

531,219 

483.224 

460,879 

430,980 

327,553 

308,250 

290,097 

271,629 

295,000 

200,507 

88,908 

51,980 

37,393 

23,593 

8,032 

5,346 

3.023 

2,782 

2.207 

1,755 


Uroolil.vii. 


2,023.170 

1,975.801 

1.928,4.32 

1,825,534 

1,916,655 

1,776,878 

1,710,861 

1,678,776 

1,634,351 

1,492.970 

1.448,095 

1.404,569 

1,358,891 

1,335.000 

1,166,582 

838,547 

599,495 

419,921 

279,122 

138,882 

47,613 

20,535 

11,187 

8,303 

5,740 


RiclimoiKl. 


101,721 
99,802 
97,883 
93,631 
99.186 
92.669 
89.573 
88.064 
85.969 
76,688 
75,420 
74,173 
72,846 
75,000 
67,021 
51,693 
38,991 
33,029 
25,492 
15,061 
10,965 
7,082 
6,135 
5,347 
4,564 


Queens. 


392,966 

379,696 

366,426 

389,233 

387,444 

334,297 

310,523 

299,278 

284,041 

232,580 

220,836 

209,686 

198,241 

195,000 

152,999 

87,050 

56,559 

45,468 

32,903 

18,.593 

14,480 

9,049 

8,246 

7,444 

6,642 


Totals. 


5,872,143 

6,737,492 

5,602,841 

5,253,885 

5,583,871 

5,173,064 

4,983.385 

4,892.158 

4.766,883 

4,422.685 

4,285,435 

4,152.860 

4.014,304 

3.850.000 

3.437,202 

2,507,414 

1,911,698 

1,478.103 

1,174,779 

696,115 

391,114 

242,278 

152,056 

119,734 

79,21(i 


POPULATION,   NEW   YORK   CITY,   BY  AGIO  GROUPS,   1910  UNITED  STATES  CENSUS. 


Aor.s. 


iV'HoS;    City 

All  ages 

Under  5 

5  to  14 

15  to  24 

25  to  44  

45  to  64 

65  and  o\er . . 

MANHATTAN'. 

All  ages 

Under  5 

5  to  It 

16  to  LM 

25  to  44 

45  to  61  

65  and  over  . . 

BRONX. 

All  ages 

Under  5 

5  to  14 

IS  to  24  

35  to  41 

45  to  64 

65  and  oicr . . 


Native 

For- 

For- 

eigu- 

born 

White . 

All 

White. 

eign  or 

Xc- 

Class- 

Native 

Mi.Ked 

es. 

Par- 
entage 

Parent- 
age. 

4,766,883 

921,318 

1,820,141 

1,927,703 

91,709 

507,080 

126,855 

358,733 

14,660 

6,676 

860,694 

210,937 

504,509 

135,070 

9,972 

989,484 

197,307 

373,691 

399,225 

18,614 

1,613,715 

254,468 

422,534 

889,208 

44,014 

653,787 

98,778 

147.699 

395,495 

10,441 

135,321 

28,280 

12,564 

92,747 

1,690 

2,331,542 

344,351 

818,208 

1,104,019 

60,534 

235,864 

41,504 

181,317 

8,885 

4,054 

384,443 

64,431 

231,206 

83,038 

5,637 

509,575 

71,078 

167,707 

257,745 

12,607 

820,638 

109,675 

173,742 

503,842 

30,821 

315,563 

42,252 

58,866 

206,917 

6,381 

59,552 

11,018 

5.016 

42,681 

811 

430,980 

92,569 

185.146 

148,935 

4,117 

46,704 

15,025 

30,361 

918 

393 

83,699 

25,401 

50,298 

7,408 

588 

85,731 

21,008 

40,099 

23,862 

736 

144,544 

22,210 

47,767 

72,750 

1,684 

58,215 

6,996 

15,479 

35,182 

520 

11,726 

1,775 

1,097 

8,663 

186 

.\(.i;.-i. 


liROOjfLYX. 

AH  ages 

Under  5 . . .  . 
5  to  14 

15  to   24...  .  < 
25   to   44.  .. 

45   to  65 

65  and  over  . . 

QUEEN. ^ 
All  ase,S .  .    .  . 
Under  5 

5  to   14 

15  to  21 

25  to  41 

45  to  64 

65  and  over . . 
Richmond. 
All  ages. .. 
Under  5  . . .  . 

5  to  14  

15  to  24 

25   to  44 

.45  to  64 

65  and  over . . 


Native 

For- 

Foi- 

All 

White, 

eign   or 

Class- 

Native 

Mi.\ed 

born 
\^^ute . 

es. 

Par- 
entage 

Parent- 
age. 

1,634,351 

375,.-.48 

663,583 

571,356 

183,813 

53.014 

124,664 

4,271 

:!I5,918 

90,934 

181,259 

40,600 

323,403 

82,710 

132,777 

103,475 

531,499 

96,773 

159,944 

264,174 

227,472 

39,749 

59,476 

125,040 

51,776 

12,273 

5,367 

33,593 

284,081 

80,607 

120,969 

79,115 

31,847 

13,700 

17,432 

412 

59,062 

22,989 

32,621 

2,9,59 

55,090 

16,981 

26,918 

10,512 

89,970 

18,671 

32,737 

37,258 

39,702 

6,455 

10,517 

22,278 

8,298 

1,778 

732 

5,673 

85,969 

28,243 

32.235 

24,278 

8,853 

3,612 

4.959 

174 

17,572 

7,182 

9.125 

1,065 

15,595 

5,530 

6,190 

3,631 

27,114 

7,139 

8,344 

11,184 

12,835 

3,326 

3,261 

6,078 

3,969 

1,436 

352 

2,137 

gro. 


22.70.'^ 
1,824 
3,065 

4,;-;9(i 

9,90 1 

2,951 

531 

3,19? 
29^ 
4.S5 
665 

1,204 
427 
115 

1,152 
107 
197 
240 
■401 
162 
41 


In  1910  the  excess  of  males  over  females  In  New  Y'ork  Cit.v  was  as  follows,  at  the  various  age  groups: 
Under  1  vear,  1,550;  1  to  4  years,  2,828;  25  to  29  years,  7,017;  30  to  34  years,  17,190;  35  to  44  years,  23,680; 
45  to  54  years,  14,930.  There  were  excesses  ol  females  at  the  other  ages  as  follows:  5  to  9  years,  43:  !t» 
to  14  venrs,  1,235;  15  to  19  years,  25474;  20  to  24  years,  29,430;  55  to  04  years,  4,465;  65  ye.ars  and  o\or. 
12,957. 


(By 


DEATHS  FROM  STREET  ACCIDENTS  IN 

W.  Wynne,  M.  D.,  Assistant  Registrar  Department  of  Health, 


NEW    YORK    CITY. 

The  rate  is  per  100,000  population.) 


Yeas. 

Horse 
Vehicl's 

Rate. 

Street 
Cars. 

Rate. 

Autos, 

Rate. 

YE-^.R. 

Horse 
Vehicl's 

Rate. 

Street 
Cars. 

Rate. 

Autos. 

Rate. 

1898 

88 

2.69 

113 

3.45 

1908 

158 

.S..53 

257 

5.75 

81 

1.81 

1899 

103 

3.07 

167 

4.97 

1 

0.03 

1909 

161 

3.47 

186 

4.01 

84 

1.81 

1900 

105 

3.04 

181 

5.25 

5 

0.14 

1910 

169 

3.52 

168 

3.50 

111 

2.31 

1901 

106 

2.93 

185 

5.25 

6 

0.17 

1911 

271 

5.50 

124 

2.51 

128 

2.60 

1902 

156 

4.26 

175 

4.77 

9 

0.24 

1912 

194 

3.83 

111 

2.19 

188 

3.71 

1903 

184 

4.87 

180 

4.76 

12 

0.32 

1913 

186 

3.58 

130 

2.50 

293 

5.64 

1904 

192 

4.92 

167 

4.28 

14 

0.36 

1914 

168 

3.15 

121 

2.27 

310 

5.81 

1905 

176 

4.37 

212 

5.26 

36 

0.89 

1915 

119 

2.18 

85 

1.56 

346 

6.33 

1906 

223 

5.35 

252 

6.05 

64 

1.63 

1916 

144 

2.57 

110 

1.96 

407 

7.26 

1907 

236 

5.47 

318 

7.37 

42 

0.97 

1917 

119 

2.07 

169 

2.77 

525 

9.  IE 

The  reduction  in  mortality  of  accidents  resulting  from  Uor=c-dr;i\vn  ^-ehicles  has  be?»  caused  by  .R 
limlmiiioii  of  the  number  of  this  class  ot  vehicles.  ' 


tiS 


Birth  Rate  in  New   York  and  Foreign  Cities. 


NEW    YORK    CITY    VITAL    STATISTICS,    1898-1917. 

(Complied  by  Dr.  W.  H.  GuiHoy,  Registrar  of  Records,  Department  ol  Healtli.) 


Ykak. 

E.stlmated 
Pop.  July  1. 

Births. 

Rate  Per 
1.000. 

Mar- 
riages. 

Rate  Per 
]  ,000. 

Deaths. 

Rate  Per 
1,000. 

Still- 
birth^. 

Rate  VcT 
1,000. 

1898 

189'J 

190U 

1901 

1902 

3,272,418 
3,356,722 
3,446,042 
3,554,079 
3,665,825 
3,781,423 
3,901,023 
4,025,742 
4,166,556 
4,314,237 
4,469,248 
4,632,078 
4,794,935 
4,929.586 
5.064.237 
5,198.888 
5.333,539 
5,468,190 
5,602,841 
5,737,492 

78,928 

77,632 

81,721 

80,735 

85.644 

94,755 

99.655 

103.880 

111,772 

120,720 

126,862 

122,975 

129,080 

134.,542 

135,6.55 

135,134 

140,647 

141.256 

137.644 

141.564 

24.12 
23.13 
23.72 
22.72 
23.36 
25.06 
25.52 
25.80 
26.82 
27.98 
28.38 
26.54 
26.92 
27.30 
20.79 
25.99 
26.37 
26.83 
24.57 
24.67 

28.885 
30,474 
32,247 
33,447 
36,207 
38,174 
39.436 
42.675 
48.355 
51.097 
37.499 
41.513 
40.417 
48.765 
51.703 
61.268 
53.052 
50.997 
54.782 
.59.210 

8.83 

9.08 

9.30 

9.41 

9.88 

10.10 

10.11 

10.60 

11.60 

11.84 

8.39 

8.96 

9.68 

9.89 

10.21 

9.80 

9.95 

9.33 

9.78 

10.32 

66,294 

65,343 

70,872 

70,720 

68,112 

67,864 

78.060 

73,714 

76,203 

79,205-, 

73,072 

74,105 

76,742 

75,423 

73,008 

73,902 

74.803 

76.193 

77,801 

78,575 

20.26 
19.47 
20.. 57 
19.90 
18.58 
17.94 
20.01 
18.31 
18.29 
18.36 
16.35 
16.00 
16.00 
15.30 
14.41 
14.21 
14.03 
13.93 
13.89 
13.70 

5,638 
5,463 
5,815 
5,750 
6,011 
6,078 
0,288 
6,352 
6,646 
7.351 
7,191 
6,697 
6.752 
6.669 
C.619 
6.631 
6,617 
6,413 
6,263 
6,117 

1.72 
1  .63 
1.69 
1.62 
1   64 

1903...: 

1.61 

1904 

1    61 

1905 

1.58 

1906 

1  .59 

1907   

1  .70 

1908 

1.01 

1909 

J  .4.5 

1910 

1.41 

1911 

1.35 

1932 

1.31 

1913  ..    . 

1   28 

1914 

1.24 

1915  .   . . 

1.17 

191(5 

1.12 

1917 

1.07 

The  1917  figures  are  subject  to  revision  ou  receipt  of  tlie  number  of  military  service  entrants. 

The  1917  births,  marriages,  jind  deatlis  were,  by  boroughs,  respectively,  as  follows:  Manhaltuu, 
01,612,  33,609.  36.947;  Bronx.  16,902.  5,026,  8,489;  Broolilyu,  50,468,  17,066,  25.338;  Queens,  10,050,  2,725. 
5,614;  Richmond,  2,532,  784,  2,187.  Infectious  diseases  in  the  whole  city  numbered  the  following  case;?: 
Diphtheria  and  croup,  12.624;  measle.s,  27.419;  sc.nrlet  icver,  6,260;  small  pox,  14;  typhoid,  1,442:  tuber- 
CUlo.?is,  17,494;  total,  62,253. 

De;i.i.hs,  by  chief  causes,  were:  Tuberculosis,  8,825;  organic  heart,  11,102;  pneumonia,  7,268^  broucho- 
pneuinonia,  3,783;  kidney  troubles.  6.727;  cancer.  4.8G7;  children's  dian-hoea  (under  five  year.s),  3.305. 

Of  tlio  141.564  babies  born  in  New  York  City  in  1917  there  were  37,555  whose  parents  were  natives, 
of  the  United  States;  28.989  babies  had  Italian  parents;  24.099  had  Russian  or  Polish  parents;  am?  10,377 
had  .4ustro-Huugarian  parents  (meaning  both  parents  in  every  case). 

The  maternal  mortality  rate  in  New  York  in  1917  (death  rate  expressed  as  per  10,000  femali-N  llfteen 
to  forty-five  years  of  age),  was  4.15,  as  against  7.44  in  1905. 

Of  the  1917  deaths,  12,508  were  under  one  year  and  18,265  were  under  five  years.  The  greate^it  mun- 
ber  (lied.  f>.842.  when  fifty  to  lifty-tour  years  old;  5,235  died  wliea  forty-five  to  forty-nine  years  old:  4,370 
(Imi  betweon  seventy  and  seventj'-four  years;  and  1.307  died  when  over  elghty-flve  years. 


INFANT 

JIORTALITY.    NEW    YORK    CITY.    1902-1917. 

VKA.H 

N.  Y.  City. 

Manhattan  . 

Tuf:  BRONX. 

Bkooklyn. 

Quel 

NS. 

Richmond, 

190-'     

Deaths. 
15,526 
14.413 
16,125 
16,.522 
17.189 
17.437 
16,231 
15,976 
16.215 
15,053 
14.289 
13,780 
13.312 
•13  866 

R.-ite. 

181 

152 

162 

159 

153 

144 

128 

129 

125 

112 

105 

102 

95 

98 

93 

89 

Deaths. 
8.594 
8.181 
9,207 
9,401 
9.464 
9,602 
9.048 
8.914 
8.954 
8.223 
7,675 
7,123 
6.790 
6.927 
6.235 
5,786 

Rate. 
164 
146 
150 
156 
150 
146 
135 
140 
135 
124 
116 
111 
104 
106 
102 
94 

Deaths. 

887 

741 

920 

917 

1,029 

1.044 

1.026 

991 

1.051 

1.095 

1,121 

1,160 

1,139 

1,269 

1,197 

1.842 

Rate, 

170 

122 

1,52 

138 

141 

123 

107 

104 

96 

88 

83 

79 

73 

78 

74 

79 

Deaths 
5.059 
4.601 
5,015 
5,150 
5,453 
5,.503 
5,012 
4,923 
5,059 
4,628 
4,453 
4,384 
4,287 
4,476 
4,272 
4,2^6 

Rate. 

215 

169 

174 

166 

158 

142 

120 

119 

118 

101 

98 

',15 

89 

92 

88 

85 

Deaths. 
701 
634 
698 
760 
903 
936 
800 
851 
869 
830 
784 
866 
877 
946 
885 
920 

Rate. 
219 
107 
180 
175 
179 
161 
125 
135 
122 
110 

98 
107 

98 
102 

99 

91 

Deaths, 
285 
256 
285 
294 
340 
352 
345 
297 
282 
277 
256 
242 
219 
248 
229 
231 

Rate. 
200 

190:> 

167 

190-1  

1905 

179 
174 

1906 

182 

1907 

170 

1908 

168 

1909 

149 

1910 

142 

1911 

12) 

1912 

113 

1913 ..'. 

106 

1914 

1915 

93 

IOC 

94 

1916 

12318 
12.565 

I9I7 

91 

BIRTH    RATE    IN    NEW    YORK    AND    FOREIGN    CITIES. 

(By  W.  H.  Gullfoy,  M.  D.,  Director  Bureau  of  Records,  New  Yovk  City  Department  of  Health  ) 
The  birth  rate  is  per  1,000  of  ))opuhuion. 


City. 

1913. 

1917 

City. 

1913. 

1917. 

City. 

1913 

1917, 

Amsterdam .  .  . 

23.22 
23.43 
27.70 
20.00 
20.08 

22.39 
23.24 
19.08 
13.06 
14.75 

Florence 

19.98 
27.78 
15.84 
26.04 
21.67 

11.46 
21.72 
9.48 
16.83 
12.02 

Paris 

Stockholm ,    ,  ,    , 

Zurich 

New  York 

16,82 
17.72 
19. 7;^ 
25.99 

11  .53 

"Barcelona 

Birmingham.  .  .  . 

Glasgow 

Lyons 

16 ,  55 
lo   16 

Bradforil 

Edlnbmtjh 

Manchester 

Milan 

24.67 

The  figures  show  mai'ked  decreases  in  birth  rate  In  belligerent  Euroi)ean  coimtries.  due  to  the  wiir. 
DK4TH    RATE    IN    NEW    YORK    AND    FOREIGN    CITIES,    1917.    C0MPARP:D, 

Amsterdam.  12.50;  Barcelona,  25.82;  Birmingham,  12.53;  Bologna,  16.71;  Bradford,  13.76;  Ediiiburgi;. 
114.79;  Florence,  22  56;  Genoa,  16.52;  Glasgow,  15.09;  Lyons,  14.81;  Manche.ster,  13.39;  Marseillas,  21.75; 
Milan.  16.V7;  Paris,  15.62:  Stockholm,  11.88;  Zurich,  10.44;  New  York,  13.70. 

I'he  tuberculosis  death  rate  per  100,000  population  was  150.0  In  New  York;  306.6  in  Florence;  295.8 
bl  Paris;  2U.3  in  Barcelona;  117.4  in  Edinburgh  and  194  2  In  Stockholm.  The  Infant  death  rate  was 
89.0  In  New  York;  63.0  in  Amsterdam;  503.0  In  Barcelona;  123.0  in  Edinburgh;  188.0  In  Florence:  96.0  iii 
'^garia;  74.0  in  Stockholm;  70.0  In  Zurich.  Tlie  cancer  death  rate  was  127.0  in  New  York,  (28.1  in  Amater- 
aam;  125.S  in  Kdinl'tir.crh;   173.2  in   T"Ioron<'(>-  119.2  }n  I'&r'm  125.5  In  Zurich. 


New  York  City  Budgets,  1899-1919. 


849 


NEW    YORK    CITY    ASSESSED    VALUATIONS,  BY    BOROUGHS. 


Ybau. 


1899.... 
1900..., 
1901..., 
1902.... 
1903..., 
1904. . . . 
1905..., 
1906.... 
1907.... 
1908.... 
1909.... 
1910.... 
1911.... 
1912.... 
1913.... 
1914.... 
1915.... 
1910.... 
1917.... 
1918.,... 


Manhattan 
Realty. 


Dollars. 
2,054,903,875 
2,231,502,055 
2,285,188,713 
2.3.58,939,618 
3,483,793,382 
3,676,857,411 
3,820.754,181 
4,105,352,281 
4,391,970,951 
4,584,536,431 
4,614,'146,286 
4,743,916,785 
.■.,037,872,685 
5.035,485,413 
5,126,942,595 
5,149,250,700 
5,145,802,495 
5,129,830,029 
5,088,344,403 
5,094,004,208 


Manhattan 
Personalty. 


Dollars. 
483,075,942 
421,860,527 
428,279,951 
412,388,258 
549,843,253 
508,478,655 
508,390,790 
447,184,550 
432,654,158 
327,810,632 
332,202,634 
298,030,483 
289,797,952 
281,407,122 
205,509,435 
287,708,270 
292,349,590 
317,187.300 
339,100,700 
194,775,200 


Manhattan 
Total. 


Dollars. 
2,5.38,.579,817 
2,653,363,182 
2,713,408,004 
2,771,327,870 
4,033,630,035 
4,185,330,000 
4,389,144,971 
4,552,530,831 
4,824,025,109 
4,9 12, .347 ,003 
4,940,048,920 
5,041,947,208 
5,327,070,037 
5,310,952,535 
5,392,452,030 
5,437,019,030 
5,438,152,085 
5,447,017,929 
5,427,451,103 
5,289,370,438 


Bronx 
Realty. 


Dollars. 
123,702,030 
138,494,849 
143,808,303 
163,500,508 
247,090,707 
201,026,477 
274,859,593 
355,779,602 
396,687,730 
441,228,718 
402,704,008 
493,757,919 
605,222,933 
610,521,378 
640,340,593 
058,632,013 
077,126,064 
098,869,190 
714,220,994 
720,129,198 


Bronx 
Personalty. 


Dollars. 

6,800,988 

8,013,041 

12,188,607 

12,083,110 

14,702,041 

14,750,953 

16,673,625 

18,028,857 

14,115,699 

11,539,680 

13,959,671 

7,716.550 

4,986,895 

4,595,198 

5,094,060 

5,761,200 

6,804,800 

6,265,500 

9,524,400 

7.3.57,100 


Bronx 
Total. 


Dollars. 
130,509,018 
146,508,490 
155,996,910 
160,183,078 
201,852,808 
275,783,430 
291,533,218 
373,808,459 
410,804,429 
462,708,398 
470,003,079 
601,474,409 
610,209,828 
621,116,576 
645,434,653 
064,393,213 
083,931,464 
705,134,090 
723,751,39-1 
733,480,298 


Yr.AB. 


1899 ,  .  . 

1900.  .  , 
1901  .  .  , 

1902.  . 

1903.  . 

1904 .  . 
3905.  .  , 
1900.  .  . 
1907.  .  , 
1908. . , 

1909 .  . 

1910.  .  , 
1911  .  . 

1912.  .  . 

1913.  .  , 

1914.  .  , 

1915.  .  , 

1916.  .  , 

1917.  .  , 

1918.  . 


Brooklyn 
Realty. 


Dollars. 

609,822,267 

051,383,900 

6.58,902,119 

070  .533,508 

853,760,357 

901,995,227 

940,982,302 

1,072,007,172 

1,181,221,910 

1,334,804,835 

1,354,809,840 

1,404,030,521 

1,689,171,283 

1,074,742,409 

1,080.013,591 

1,671.175,930 

1,091,912,420 

1,752,300,970 

1,700,901,437 

1,820,813,885 


Brooklyn 
Personalty. 


Dollars. 
45,270,713 
43,947,440 
89.241,024 
85,.577,102 
100,052,348 
88,573,775 
90,911,903 
87,722,810 
92,800,547 
83,448,072 
84,332,190 
50,331,825 
65,855,016 
48,753,985 
46,296,870 
39,290,005 
43,000,010 
43,789,090 
.57,502,715 
39,083,575 


Brooklyn 
Total. 


Dollars. 

055,092,980 

695,321,330 

748,203,743 

750,110,010 

953,812,705 

990,569,002 

1,031,894,205 

1,159,729,982 

1,274,088,457 

1,418,312,907 

1,439,142,030 

1,403,368,346 

1,745,026,899 

1,723,496,394 

1,726,310,461 

1,710,471,995 

1,735,518,436 

1.796,150,060 

1,848,404,152 

1,860,497,460 


Queens 
Realty. 


Dollars. 
103,752,600 
104,427,872 
107,179,620 
108,859,704 
123,781,723 
131,379,225 
140,404,990 
159,440,205 
217,008,775 
296,458,980 
308,112,005 
334,503,900 
446,569,352 
450,750,539 
477,792,830 
488,080,756 
509,515,978 
539,394,014 
509.805,007 
591,599,075 


Queens 
Pers'nalty 


Dollars. 

6,314,032 

5,498,681 

10,826,810 
9,026,134 

10,176,900 
7,477,425 
9,094,738 
9,094,428 

11,191,262 
9,908,830 
9,673,200 
5,358,480 
5,339,875 
6,396,750 
6,740,850 
5,915,150 
7.635,650 
6.711,060 

10,266,200 
7,909,400 


Queens 
Total. 


DoUars. 
110,066,632 
109,926,553 
118,006,430 
117,885,838 
1.33,958,623 
138,856,650 
149,499,728 
169,140,633 
228,860.037 
306,367,810 
317,785,805 
339,922,440 
451,909,227 
463,147,289 
484.533,080 
494,001.906 
517,151,628 
540,105,674 
"80,131,207 
599,508,475 


Richmomi 
Realty. 


Dollars. 
40.204,092 
42,723,924 
42,039,506 
38,814,181 
43,124,697 
44,205,709 
44,581,235 
45,901,985 
52,931,230 
65,326,825 
67,106,965 
67,917,489 
80,003,911 
78,399,151 
81,558,246 
82,114,453 
84,403,224 
87,360,952 
91,211,159 
100,495,455 


Rlchm'd 
Pers'alty 


DoUars. 
3,838,800 
6,204,204 
9,655,620 
6,725,53.'; 
0,031,550 
5,792,070 
5,490,810 
4,076.295 
4,062,205 
3,067,397 
3,l.';3,16ft 
2,207,487 
1,942,785 
1,750,485 
1,777,22.'; 
1,5.54,876 
1.655.706 
2,577,20(1 
2,756,300 
1,689,000 


<alue  (1917)  of  realty — Manhattan.  Sl,879;  Bronx,  SI, 169;  Brooklyn,  S896;  Queens, 
average,  whole  dtv,  81,422.     Per  capita  value  of  land  alone — Manhattan,  $1,133; 
Bronx,  S.572;  Brooklvu,  .s404;  Queens,  .$758;  Richmond,  $421;  whole  city,  average,  S785. 


Per  capita  a.'scKjsscd 
S1.475;  Rii^limond,  -SOOo 


NEW    YORK    CITY    BUDGETS,  1899-1 91 9. 

Yi:.\R. 

For  City 
Purposes. 

For  County 
Purposes. 

Total  Budget. 

Deflclencie.s  In 
Taxes. 

Grand  Totals 

1899 

.$83,710,793 
79,201.763 
87,479,844 
94,932,872 
93,395,900 
102,803,200 
105,775,245 
ll;i, 654,129 

122,756,000 
l;'.5,474,403 
U8,454,.504 
153,773^:45 
158.514,029 
107, .585,735 
170,229,747 
179,289,082 
185,843,977 
187,879,589 
198,799,819 
219,1,59,408 
240,570,011 

89,809,288 
11,577,209 
10,020,508 
3,080,728 
3,723,004 
3,711,694 
4,042,348 
4,151,360 

4,664,839 

5,097,862 

5,175,790 

5,355,124 

5,4.53,805 

10,217,154 

14,181,693 

11,206,409 

7,033,710 

21.070,587 

7,314,317 

15,804,290 

■  7,537,876 

.$93,.520,082 

90.778.972 

98.100.413 

98.019,000 

97,119,031 

100,074,955 

109,817,.593 

116,805,490 

127,421,505 
140,.572,266 
153,630,301 
159,128,270 
163,907,835 
177,802,889 
190,411,441 
190,495,551 
192,877,694 
208,956,177 
206,114,136 
235,023,759 
248,108,487 

§1,689,877 
1,618,473 
1,720,169 
1,730,018 
1,522,209 
1,687,667 
1,744,816 
1,845,061 

$95,209,9.59 

1900 

92,397,446 

1901 

99,820,58;? 

1902 

100,349,01<t 

1903 

98,04 1,24<J 

]  904 

108,362,622 

1905 

111,562,40!? 

1906 

118,650,552 

1907      •■ .  .  . 

S13,564,293 
3,000,000 
3,000,000 
2,922,447 
4,000,000 
10,000,000 
3,287,366 
2,300,000 
2,500,000 
6,112,092 
4,000,000 
5,000,000 
3,100,000 

130,42 1,50A 

1908 

143,.572,20fi 

1909 

156,552,74*' 

1910    

163,128,27(1 

J911      

173,907,835 

19)2 

181,090,25ft 

1913 .  . 

192,711,44! 

1914 

192,995,551 

1915 

198,9S9.78» 

1910 

212,S.".('.,177 

1917 

211,114,13(5 

1918 

238,1;^3J5» 

1919 

The  1919  budget  calls  for  S45,121,163  for  education,  820,671,579  for  Police  Department,  $10,814,065 
for  the  Fire  Department,  83,932,292  for  the  Health  Department  S5  794,963  for  Charities,  $2,042,0/4  for 
Correction,  $2,415,233  for  Uellevue  and  AUied  Hospitals,  $11,240,008  for  Street  Cleaning,  $0,894,792  for 
the  Water  Department,  $2,785,440  for  upkeep,  etc.,  of  bridges;  $10,540,791  for  Borough  expenditure* 
(highways,  sewers,  paving,  etc.);  $1,726,095  tor  the  Board  of  Elections;  debt  service  (interest,  etc.),  577,.- 
931,938;  direct  State  tax,  .$8,522,630.  ...  ..     ^,  .  ,  ^  ji_  _«.   .     .»„ 

Prior  to  1907  the  amounts  to  cover  probable  delieioncios  in  tax  collRotlons  wero  a<ldcd  directlj  Vu  tm 
tax  Icvv  mil    did  not  appear  as  budget  itcro.'j. 


850    Real  Estate  Exempted  From  Taxation  in  New  Yo'rk  City. 

NEW    YORK   CITY    ASSESSED    VALUES    AND    TAX    LEVIES    1897-1913/ 


Year. 


1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1909 

1910 

1911 

1912..... 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

1917 

1918 


Realty  Otner    Realty  ol        Special 
Than  Cotii'n.  Corporat'n.  Franchises 


Dollars. 
2,389,399,987 
4,455,441,974 
2  837,401,039 
2,918,986,004 
2,995,580,622 
3,079,351,079 
4,487,399,006 
4,731,771,724 
4,886,924,891 
5.326,413,110 
5,704,009,652 
6,141,500,119 
6,257,352,379 
6,491,335,999 
7,211,325,709 
7,279,579,651 
7,387,237,104 
7,458,784,625 
7,527,890,627 
7.568,649.179 
7,570,367.350 
7,672,715,813 


Dollars. 

74,949,690 

78,288,835 

94,984,425 

29,892,345 

30,863,445 

30,670,345 

28,967,495 

32,170,605 

32,403,860 

50,594,835 

69,615.950 

88,425,200 

75,825,425 

87,447,075 

166,496,295 

169,170,440 

180,549,176 

186,654,976 

200,897,090 

213,820,520 

222,614,005 

227,448,940 


Dollars. 


219,679,351 
211,334,194 
220.620,155 
235,184,325 
251,521,450 
3r)2, 193,550 
361,479,300 
466,855,000 
492,490,470 
474,001,900 
465.409,600 
481,018,100 
413,148,799 
438,861.581 
404,420,311 
379,973,070 
425,352,662 
461,567,645 
439,474,098 


Total  of  3 
Prec.  Col'ns. 


DnllciTS. 
2,464,349,677 
2,533,730,809 
2,932,445,464 
3,168,557,700 
3,237,778,261 
3,330,647,579 
4,751,550,826 
5,015,463,779 
5,221,582,301 
5,738,487,245 
6,240,480,602 
6,722,415,789 
6,807.179.704 
7,044,192,674 
7,858,840,164 
7,861,898,890 
8,006,047,861 
8,049  859,912 
8,108,760,787 
8,207,822,361 
8,254,549,000 
8,339,638,851 


PcrsoDal 
Property. 


Dollars. 
419,679,395 
,548,987,900 
545,906,565 
485,574,495 
550,192,612 
■'■>26,400,139 
680,866,092 
625,078,878 
690,561,926 
567,306,940 
554,861.313 
435,774,611 
443,320,855 
372,644,825 
357,923,123 
342,963,540 
325,418,4-40 
340,295,560 
352,051,755 
376,530,150 
419,156,315 
251,414,875 


Grand 
Totals. 


Dollars. 
2.884,029,072 
3,082,718,709 
3,478,352,029 
3,654,132,195 
3,787,970,873 
3,857,047,718 
5,432,416,918 
5,640,542,657 
5,912,144,227 
6,305,794,185 
6,795,341,915 
7,158,190,400 
7,250,500,559 
7.416,837,499 
8,216.763,287 
8,204,862,430 
8,332,066,301 
8.390,155,472 
8,460,812,542 
8,584,352,511 
8,673,705,315 
8,591,053,726 


Tax  Levy, 

Dollars. 
45.332.402 

47,356.863 

86,179.794 

82,548,199 

88,241,853 

88,178,612 

77,631,787 

86,068,402 

88.980,728 

94,095,105 

101,947.668 

116.541,091 

122,742,630 

131,474,976 

142,237,757 

150,956,702 

151,786,264 

150,503,894 

160,295,797 

176,381,879 

177,067,174 

198,232,811 


NOTE — The  valuations  for  the  year  1897  have  been  ascertained  as  follows:  In  Manhattan  and  T)ie 
Bronx  from  tax  bills  of  1897  and  from  information  furnished  by  the  Department  of  Taxes  and  Assessments; 
In  the  Boroughs  of  Brooklyn.  Queens,  and  Richmond  from  the  reports  of  the  various  Boards  of  Supervisors 
ns  verified  by  the  expert  accountants  of  the  City  of  New  York.  The  valuations  for  year  1898  have  been 
ascertained  as  follows:  In  Manhattan  and  The  Bronx  from  the.  reports  of  the  Department  of  Taxes  and 
Assessments.  In  the  Boroughs  of  Brooklyn.  Queens,  and  Richmond  as  there  was  no  tax  levied  in  1898. 
the  valuations  of  the  preceding  year  were  repeated.  The  a.ssessed  A'nluations  of  real  estate  were  Increased 
lu  1903  from  a  varying  percentage  theretofore  of  the  full  value  to  presumably  the  lull  value  thereof 

The  tax  rate  varies,  by  boroughs.  In  1918  it  was  S2.36  per  SlOO  of  assessed  valuation  in  Manhattan; 
52.08  In  The  Bronx,  S2.40  in  Brooklyn,  S2.41  in  Queens,  and  S2.46  in  Richmond.  The  State  tax  rate,  ns 
levied  by  the  city  in  1918,  was  0.9852  mUls,  and  amounted  to  $8,463,756.  The  city  tax  rate  in  1917  was: 
Manhattan,  82.02;  Bronx,  S2.08:  Brookl.vn,  .S2.07;  Queena,  S2.09;  Richmond,  32.12. 


REAL    ESTATE    EXEMPTED    FROM    TAXATION    IN    NEW    YORK    CITY. 

0\\'NED    BY    THE    CITY. 

Education,  Department  of — Headquarter.?  and  .Administration  buildings,  SI, 214, 500;  colleges  and 
Sites,  89,403,000;  schools.and  sites,  3116,703,910;  total,  5127,321,410. 

New  York  City  PubUc  Library  system,  $30,301,600. 

Parks,  Department  of — Central  Park,  5380,000,000;  Prospect  Park,  §30,800,000;  other  parks,  including 
Structures,  3274,975,965;  total,  $685,776,965. 

Water  Supply.  Gas  and  Electricity,  Department  of — Structures,  sub  and  superstructures,  lamp  oosts 
anQ  apDurtenances,  water  mains  and  hydrants,  including  Aqueduct,  $96,627,250. 

Docks  and  Ferries,  Departinent  ol — Piers.  5110,698,400;  bulkheads,  346.428,600:  ferry  houses,  815,- 
325,225;  water  front,  .¥2,029,750;  lands  under  water,  84,912,525;  grant  to  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
8542.500;  other  property.  $3,047,540;  total,  8182,984,540. 

Public  Service  Commission  (Substructiu-es,  Superstructm-es,  Etc.) — Rapid  transit  railway.  S205,262,050. 

Plants  and  Structures,  D^artment  ot— Bridges  and  approaches,  $109,334,060. 
.Finance.  Department  of — Markets,  84.682,500. 

Public  Buildings  and  Offices— Police  Headquarters,  8836,000;  station  nouses,  $7,480,400.  Fire  Depart- 
ment— Water  mains,  35,790,000;  fire-alarm  system,  3100,000;  engine  houses,  89,004,375.  Afmory  Board 
— ^Armory  sites,  naval  stations,  etc.,  $15,469,500.  PubUc  Buildings  and  Otflces — Municipal  Bu-lding, 
816,500,000;  Court  Houses  and  other  public  buildings  not  In  parks,  $21,194,600;  Court  HoiLse  sites,  811,- 
864,456.  Public  Charities,  Department  of — Half  of  Blackwell's  Island,  89,725,500;  Bellevue  and  Allied 
Hospitals,  36,067,500;  other  properties.  $26,593,800.  Corrections,  Department  ot— Half  of  Blackwell's 
Island,  89,725,500;  Raymond  Street  Jail,  Brookljoi,  8516,500;  other  property,  $4,479,000.  Health.  De- 
partment ol— North  Brother  Island,  $500,000;  Willard  Parker  and  Reception  Hospitals,  $1,550,000;  Kingston 
Avenue  Hospital.  Brooklyn.  $435,700;  other  property,  3366,500.  Street  Cleaning  Department — Stables, 
etc.,  31,572.700.  Highways.  Bureau  of — Corporation  yards,  etc.,  8959,750.  Sewers,  Bm'eau  of — Sub- 
structures and  superstructures,  basins,  pipes,  culverts,  etc.,  883,355,780.  Miscellaneous — Vacant  lots, 
8322,280>  other  property,  81,624,835.  Fire  and  Police  Electric  system,  81,435,000.  Barge  Terminal, 
6895,990.    Total  of  property  owned  by  city,  81,680,665,041. 

PROPERTY'  PRIVATELY  OWNED. 
Churches,  parsonages,  Sunday  schools,  etc.,  8193,000,800;  universities,  colleges,  schools,  libraries, 
etc.,  383,622,515;  charitaWe  homes,  hospitals,  asylums,  etc.,  883,888,415;  clergymen  (exempt  up  to  $1,500). 
6387,000;  United  States  and  city  pensioners,  exempt,  $641,036;  cemeteries,  836,337,925;  Interborough 
Rapid  Transit  Company  machlnerv,  power  houses,  etc.,  88.191,152;  Municipal  Railroad  Company  mO' 
Chinery,  power  houses,  etc.,  8140.000;  total  privately  owned  exempt  property,  $406,208,843. 

OWNED    BY   THE   STATE   OF   NEW    YORK. 

State  Arsenal.  $755,000;  armories,  etc.,  $2,104,000;  other  State  property,  84,914,415;  total  owoed 
by  State,  $7,773,415. 

OWNED   BY  UNITED   STATES   GOVERNMENT. 

Navy  Yard,  815,137,000;  Governor's  Island,  $6,800,000;  General  Post  Offices,  317,784,500;  N'ava! 
Hospital,  etc.,  81,000,000:  Fort  Totten,  $1,250,000;  Fort  Hamilton,  $1,750,000;  Fort  Wadswortb,  Sl.TSl.-- 
OOO;  Fort  Schuyler,  81,.500,000;  Light  houses,  $708,300;  Custom  House,  38,176,000;  Bargo  Office,  4850.000; 
Army  Building,  $810,000;  Assay  Office,  $2,400,000;  United  States  Sub-Treasiu-y,  85,750,000;  Appraisers 
Stores,  $1,450,000;  Quarantine  Station,  Staten  Island,  81,206,000;  other  Federal  property,  SSSl.OOu;  total 
United  States  property,  $68,733,800. 

Grand  total  exempted  property  in  the  cit.v,  82.163,371,099. 

Total  assessed  value  of  taxed  realty  in  the  city,  $5,339,638,851. 


What  New    Yorkers   Eat   in   a    Year. 


851 


CITY    OF    NEW    YORK    BONDED    DEBT    1898-1918. 

(Prepared  by  the  Department  of  Fiuance,  as  of  January  1.  eacli  year.) 


.  .  .Ah  at 

jANUAUy    1. 


1898..;. 

1899.... 

1900.... 

1901.... 

1902.... 

1903... 

1904.... 

1906.... 

1906.... 

1907.... 

1908.... 

1909... 

1910.... 

1911..... 

1912;,.>. 

1913..;.-. 

1914.... 

1915.... 

1916.... 

1917...: 

1918.... 


Funded  Debt 

<Cwp.  Stock, 

Notes,  and 

.Assess.  Bds.) 


$321,905,514 

3-11,844,225 

359,620,086 

384,794,597 

412,047,717 

434,339,605 

409,123,199 

534,954,131 

505,056,512 

617,484,892 

672,390,065 

730  691.994 

794,930,288 

843,503,798 

917,811,718 

985,190,04;i 

1,064,418,429 

1,124,020,221 

1.154,483,821 

1,191,317.251 

1,214,948,477 


Sinking  Fuiul 
Holdings 
(Bond.s.) 


.$92,718,373 
99,386,291 
105,754,871 
114,388,129 
122,399,480 
137,442,948 
142,121  103 
139,330,352 
140,380,612 
150,294,186 
143,187,164 
141,671,340 
146,868,059 
154,140,289 
157,970,000 
161.679,241 
109,955,027 
180,217,873 
176,078,406 
176,  111,. '545 
193,749,437 


Net  Funded 
Debt  (Col. 

1,  Les.s 
Column  2.) 


S229 
242 
253 
270 
280 
296 
327 
395 
424 
467 
529 
589 
648 
689 
759 
823 
894 
943 
978 
1,015 
1,025 


187,140 
4.57,933 
866,114 
406,468 
648,336 
890,056 
002,096 
623,778 
675,900 
,190,705 
209,801 
,020,654 
,062,228 
363, .508 
841,718 
510,800 
463.401 
,802,347 
405,414 
205,706 
799,039 


Otlier  Debt 

(General 

Fund 
Bonds.) 


•¥8,500,000 

18.000,000 

29,000,000 

40,750,000 

.54,250,000 

68,750,000 

85,500,000 

T02,.500,000 

120,000,000 

137,500,000 

1,59,500,000 

183,000,000 

206,000,000 

229,. 500, 000 

254, ."00,000 


Other  Debt 
(Special 
Revenue 
Bonds.) 


$3,061,646 
8.179,666 
3,170.311 
5,388,336 
4,322,997 
4,272  508 
7,537,149 
5.408,640 
O,2S0,.5O0 
7.462,500 
8,368,000 
8,991,990 
5,208,150 
7,364,625 
6.970,104 
7,038,005 
G,319,22r! 

11,925,425 
9,367,075 
9,990,948 

!  5.60O.(M0 


Other  Debt 

(Revenue 

Bonds   and 

Bills.) 


§6,067.600 
7,600 
7,600 
2,107,600 
9,912,600 
22,467,600 
41,748,600 
34,457,000 
42.097,000 
50,412,270 
53.046,036 
74,006,000 
60,367,290 
68,874,533 
46,671,621 
34,712,775 
33,694,416 
48,530,947 
43,000,000 
26.004,500 
39,074,400 


Interest  ou 
C4ty  Debt. 


$9,629,382 
11,430,778 
n,707,.544 
12,I0(.,206 
12,937,776 
13,27('.,<;09 
15,188,951 
17,101,850 
18,4.',9,015 
20,79'.),880 
24,576,.522 
29,071.070 
32,178,760 
34,214.137 
35,473,685 
38.453,876 
37,745,836 
42,42K,903 
42,020,934 
43,2S4J252 
47,663,019 


The  specnil  revenue  bonds  in  1918  (coliimn  5).  included  .'5!,600,000  tax  notes,  redceni.ible  fro.'n  Die 
lOiy.tax  levy.     The  interest  ou  the  city  debt  Is  piiyable  from  the  tax  Jcvy. 

BONDED  DEBT,  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK.  .l.ANll.VRY  1,  189^,  AND  JUNE  30,  1918. 

Tlie  Funded  Debt  as  at  December  31,  1897,  or  Jiinuary  !.  189S,  of  tlie  various  municipalities  now 
«lislii).e:uisUcd  as  Boroughs  v.hich  were  consolidated  into  and  foriiiod  Llic  Circater  City  of  New  York,  w.'ib 
a,s  follows: 


UOUOUGH. 


Manhattan  and  The  Bronx 

Brooklyn 

Queens 

Itichmond 


Total $321,905,514.09 


Total 

Funded 

Debt, 

Jan.  J,  1898. 


$223,032,666.27 

81,626,175.53 

13,709,935.62 

3,486,736.67 


Less  Sinking 

Fund 

Holdings 

Thereof. 


$85,651,317.32 

6,734,055.69 

330,000.00 


Resultant 

Net  Funded 

Debt. 


$137,4?8,343.75 

74,893,119.84 

13,379,935.62 

3,186,736.67 


$92,718,373.21  $229.187,140.8.3 


Pius  .Special 
Revenue 
Bonds. 


$3,061,645  01 


Net  Funded 

Debt 

as  Thus 

Established . 


$140,489,993.76 

74,892,119.84 

13,379,935.62 

3,486,736.67 


$3,061,645.01  $232,248,785.89 


Total  Funded 

Debt, 

June  30.  WIS. 

(a) 


.$67,347,971.18 

31,653,6:!7.41 

4,502,791.03 

1,596,300.00 


$105,102,699.62 


Total  funded  debt  as  above $321,905,514.09 

Plus  specl.il  revenue  bonds  of  the  for-  1 
mer  City  of  New  York   (payable  \ 


froij)  its  tax  levy  for  1898) 
droia  funded  debt  as  at  Jan. 


i       3,061, Olj.Ol 
1,  1898.  .$324,967,1.59.10 


TEMPOHAKY    DEBT. 

(Not  included  in  above  table. ) 
Revenue  bonds  of  the  former  City  of 

New  York .,......: ,  $2,007-,tiOO.U0 

Revenue  bonds  or  certificates  of  indebt-  ,i  i 

eduess  of  the  former  City  of  Brooklyn..     4,0(iO,OOQ;pQ 


1"  PS  The  above  statement  of  the  Funded  Debt  of  The  City  of  New  York  at  consolidation  consldei's^  and 
Includes  all  of  the  funded  debt  of  the  former  City  of  New  York  and  of  the  municipalities  in  Brooklyn,  Queens, 
and  Richmond,  which  was  recorded  as  at  the  date  of  consolidation,  and  also  such  additional  amounts  as 
were  recorded  in  subsequent  years  as  being  funded  obligations  of  said  former  municipalities  to  be  assumed 
by  The  City  of  New  York.  In  other  words,  the  foregoing  table  accurately  sets  forth  .the  funded  debt 
assumed  by  The  Citv  of  New  York  as  at  consolidation,  divided  according  to  the  Boroughs  which  constihita 
the  Greater  City,  with  the  exception  that  the  Boroughs  of  Manhattan  and  Tiie  Bronx,  having  composed 
the  former  City  of  New  York,  are  treated  for  the  purposes  of  this  table  as  one  political  entity.  ' 

Tt  may  be  noted  from  (o)  that  the  funded  debt  of  these  former  munlciralitics  has  been  reduced  CJufifi 
30,  1918),  to  8105,102,099.02.  Of  this  amount  the  Smking  Funds  hold  524,730^539.93,  and  S80,:^76,I5.9,6J) 
is  held  by  the  pubhc.  ..■' 


WHAT    NEW    YORKERS    EAT    JM    A    YEATt. 

(Estimated  by  Pure  Food  Division,  Depaitmcnt  of  Health.    Xi'igui'es  represent  Pounda.) 


315,000; 

fruit  (InciUQlug  uukj;,  azo,ikiO,uuu;  sugar  uuuiuuiug  uamij/;,  iti,,^io,±^.u,  l'«t;V''Jj„" ?•""'"""" '.."Joo  ■rVJ^oVe 

250;  fats,i57.031,250;  cheese,,67 ,031,250;  egg^,  142,578,125;  canned  goods,  171,093,750;  total,  4,533,744,376. 

'■"f.    '    '  CENSUS   OF   FOOD-HANDLING   PLACES   IN   NEW   YORK   CITY. 

Bakeries,  3,819;  butcher  shops,  0,840;  butter  and  eggs,  366;  cafes,  7,188;  carbonated  and  mineral  waters, 
126;  coffee  and  tea,  66;  cold  storage  plants,  46;  commission  houses,  309;  confectionery,  9,982;  creameries 
shipping  raw  milk,  750;  cream  and  condensed  milk,  750;  dairies  (outside  city).  60,000;  dairies  (certifled 
milk),  37;  dairies  (within  city),  115;  dairies  (Grade  A,  raw),  40;  dahlos  (stores),  439;  deUcatessen,  4,000; 
department  stores,  19;  distributing  milk  plants,  600;  drug  stores,  2,500;  eggs,  185;  egg-breaking  establish- 
ments, 3;  fat  rendering  plants,  2;  fish,  990;  frozen  products,  79;  fruit  and  vegetables,  2,549;  groceries,  13,808; 
hotels,,  636;  Uquors,  633;  markets,  97;  milk  platforms,  12;  milk  wagons,  7,000;  miscellaneous,  470;  pasteurlz- 
ing'^iliuats  (city),  50;  pasteurizing  plants  (outside  city),  450;  piera  and  wharves,  108;  poultry,  91;  push 
carts;  10,000:  railrdad  terminals  and  ferries,  32;  resteurants,  4,627;  cattle  slaughter  houses,  30;  poultry 
slaughter  house's,  200;  smoke  house  and  meat  preserving,  163;  stands,  4,000;  stock  yards.  1;  supply  nouses 
23;  syrup,  38;  \7.arehouscs,  148;  general  produce,  270;  total,  133,620.. 


852 


Banks  in  Manhattan  and  Bro'fix-. 


BANKS  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX. 

'  The  New  York  Clearing  House  at  77  Cedar  Street  is  composed  of  banks  and  trust  companies  assootated 
tor  exclianglng  checks  and  bills  they  hold  against  one  another.  The  Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  New  York 
and  the  Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  at  New  York  also  clear.  Other  banks,  not  members  of  tha 
association,  clear  through  members.  The  representatives  of  the  members  appear  at  the  Clearing  House 
at  10  o'clock  every  business  day,  with  the  checks  and  drafts  to  be  exchanged.  The  resulting  balances  are 
ascertained  in  about  an  hour,  and  before  1.30  o'clock  those  indebted  pay  their  balances,  and  after  that 
hour  the  other  banks  receive  the  amounts  due  them.  The  Clearing  House  has  been  in  operation  since  1853. 
.-■  Elsewhere  in  this  section  of  the  Alman.^c,  under  the  heading  "Statement  of  Banks  in  the  New  York 
Clearing  House  Association,"  will  be  found  statistics  as  to  the  capital,  profits,  loans,  gold  holdings,  and  de- 
posits of  most  of  the  institutions  named  in  this  table. 

il«  Banks  are  open  from  10  A.  M.  to  3  P.  M.,  and  on  Saturdays  from  10  A.  M.  to  12  noon.     Commercial  paper 
except  sight  or  demaiHl  bills,  falling  due  on  Saturday  Is  payable  on  the  following  business  day. 

NATIONAL. 


Name. 


Location. 


President. 


Cashier. 


American  Exchange. . . 

Atlantic 

Bank  of  Commerce . . . 
Bank  of  New  York . . . 

Battery  Park 

Bronx  National 

Butchers  &  Drovers'. . 

Chase 

Chatham  &  Phenix. . . 

Chemical 

Citizens"  National . . .  . 

City 

Coal  and  Iron 

East  River 

Federal  Reserve 

Fifth  National 

First  National 

Garfield 

Gothnm 

Hanover 

Harriman 

Importers  &  Trader."!" . 

Irving  National 

Liberty 

Lincoln 

Market  and  Fulton . . . 
Mechanics'  &  Metals. 
Merchants  Nationnl.  . 

National  Park 

New  York  County.. . . 

Seaboard .....< 

Second  National 

Sherman 

Union  Exchange 


128  Broadway 

257  Broadway 

31  Nassau  Street 

48  Wall  Street 

2  Broadway 

369  E.  149th  Street      .... 

683  Broadway 

57  Broadway 

149  Broadway 

270  Broadway 

320  Broadway 

55  Wall  Street 

143  Liberty  Street 

680  Broadway 

Pine  and  Nassau  Streev.s. 
Lexington  Ave.  and  23d  St.. 

2  Wall  Street 

5th  Ave.,  corner  2ud  Street. . 

1819  Broadway 

Nassau  Street  corner  PiiK-. . . 

527  5th  Avenue 

247  Broadway 

Woolworth  Building.. .    .*.  .  . 

120  Broadway 

60-70  E.  42d  Street 

81  Fulton  Street 

20  Nassau  Street 

42  Wall  Street 

214  Broadway. 

79  8th  Avenue 

18  Broadway 

5th  Avenue,  corner  28th  St. . 
33d  Street  and  Astor  Court. 
21st  Street  and  5th  Avenue 


Lewis  L.  Clarke . .  .  . 

H.  D.  Kountze 

James  S.  Alexander. 
Herbert  L.  Griggs. . . 

E.  A.  De  Lima 

F.  A.  Wurzbach . .  .  . 
.VI.  A.  Rice 

A.  H.  Wiggln 

Louis  G.  Kaufman. . 
H.  K.  Twitchell .  .  . 
iOdwln  S.  Schenck.. . 

F.  A.  Vanderllp 

John  T.  SprouU . .  .  . 
Vincent  Loeser 

B.  Strong,  Jr.,  Gov. 

E.  E.  Watts 

Francis  L.  Hine 

R.  W.  Poor 

Henry  H.  Blzallion. 
William  Woodward. 
Jos.  W.  Harriman. . . 

H.  H.  Powell 

R.  P.  Grant 

Harvey  .D.  Gibson    . 
Clias.  E.  Warren. . . 
Robert  A.  Parker. . 
ii.  W.  McGarrah. . 

Theo.  E.  Burton 

Richard  Delafleld. .  . 

0.<ear  Cooper 

Samuel  G.  Bayne. . . 
Win.  A.  Slmonson. . 

E.  C.  Smith 

S.  H.  Herman 


Arthur  P.  Lee. 
Frank  E.  Andrii-^s. 
R.  W.  Saunders 
Joseph  Andrews. 
A.  H.  MeiTy. 
Harry  Kobe. 
William  L.  Cliase. 
A.  C.  Andrews. 
Bert.  L.  Haskius. 

E.  H.  Smith, 

A.  K.  Chapman. 
W.  H.  Tappan. 
Addison  H.  Day. '' 
George  E.  Hoyer. 
L.  F.  Sailer. 
W.  S.  Beckley. 

F.  D.  Bartow. 
A.  W.  Snow, 
Chas.  A.  Cornell. 
W.  E.  Cable,  Jr. 
O.  H.  Harriman. 

E.  P.  Townsend. 
J.  F.  Bouker. 

F.  W.  ^^'ale. 
John  S.  Sammis. 
Wm.  M.  Rosendale. 
Joseph  S.  Hou.se. 
Owen  P.  Paynter. 
E.  V.  Connolly. 

L.  J.  Grinnon. 
H.  W.  Donovan. 
C.  W.  Case. 
Chas.  W.  Hodson. 

G.  B.  Connlev. 


STATE. 


Bank  of  America. 

Bank  of  Europe.  ...-...•;.; 

Bank,  of  Metropolis 

Banki  of  U.  S •. 

Bowery. 

Brofidway  Central. ....... 

Bronx  Borough  Bunk. 

Bryajit  Park 

Ceijf^l  Mercantile.  .  '.  .  .  . 

Chel^eia  Exchange. 

Colonial 

Columbia 

Commercial  Exchange .  . .  . 

Commonwealth ....    

Continental 

Corn  Exchange 

CosmopoUtan> 

Fidelity 

5th  Ave.  Bank  of  N.  V 

German-Americiiu   . : 

German  Exchange    .    .  .    , 

Germnnia 

Greenwich . . . , 

International 

Manhattan  Company 

Metropolitan 

Mutual 

New  Netherland 

N.  Y.  Produce  Exchange. . 

Pacific 

People's 

Public 

State 

Twenty-third  Ward 

Washington  Heights 

Wesfcaester  Avenue 

West  Side. 

Yoriiviile 


44  Wall  Street 

1429  let  Avenue 

31  Union  Square 

77  Delancey  Street   

124  Bowery 

2574  Broadway 

440  Tremout  Avenue 

220  W.  42d  Street 

1  E.  14th  .Street 

266  W.  34th  Street 

Columbus  Ave.,  cor.  81st  St. 

507  5th  Avenue 

330  Bowery ' 

190  Bowery 

23  Broad  Street 

13  William  Street 

803  Prospe"(;t  Avenue 

Madison  Ave.  and  75ili  St.  . 

530  5th  Avenue 

23  Broad  Street 

330  Bowery 

190  Bowery 

402  Hudson  Street 

55  Wall  Street 

40  Wall  Street...: 

4th  Avenue  &  23d  Street. . . . 
40-51  W.  33d  Street 

41  W.  34th  Street 

10  Broadway 

470  Broadway 

395  Canal  Street 

89  Delancey  Street 

374-8  Grand  Street 

137th  Street  and  3d  Avenue. 
19i5  Amsterdam  Avenue.  .  . 
1060  SoutheiTi  Boulevard. .  . 

481  8th  Avenue 

1511  3d  Avi'uup   


William  H.  Perkins .  .  . 

Thos.  Capek : 

Stephen  Baker 

Joseph  S.  Marcus 

J.  Stanley  Foster 

Frank  Williams 

C.  A.  Becker 

W.  W.  Warner 

G.  W.  Craft 

A.  E.  Stllger 

Alexander  Walker 

Eli  H.  Bernheim 

L.  A.  Fehrs 

E.  C.  Schaefer 

J.  F.  Fredericks.  .  .  .  .  . 

Walter  E.  Frew 

Geo.  B.  Williams.  .    . 
Edward  H.  Peaslei'.. 

Theo.  Hetzler 

.Albert  Tag 

Jos.  M.  Adrian 

Edward  C.  Schaefer.  . 

H.  W.  Ford 

H.  S.  S.  Green 

Stephen  Baker 

Henry  Olleshelmer .... 
Charles  A.  Saekett. .  .  . 
W.  F.  H.  Koelsch.  .  .  . 

G.  W.  McGarrah 

O.  H.  Cheney 

William  Milne 

Edward  S.  Rothchlld. . 

O.  L.  Richard 

Charles  W.  Bogart. . . . 

John  Wbalen 

Jo'jn  Tatloclv 

W.  [.  L.  Adams 

.\us?ust  Zinsser.  Jr. . . , 


W.  M.  Bennet:  ' 
Vincent  W.  Woytiaek, 
E.  S.  Laffey. .     . 

B.  K.  Marcus,: ' 
Cliarles  Essig.    \ 
Francis  Crave.     , 
Wm.  S.  Gernialn. 

E.  F.  Giese. 

F.  L.  Fisher.      ; 
W.  W.  Tappnn. 
George  S.  Carr. 
W.  S.  Griffith. 
George  Kern. 
John  Burckharrtt. 
!•'.  H.  Hornby. 
Edward  S.  Malmar. 
Wm.  F.  McLaughlin,  i 

E.  W.  Dutton. 
W.  G.  Gaston. 

J.  F.  FredericliS.; 
George  Kern. :  .  ■. 
Lottin  Love;  :\;.;!'.  . 

F.  Hammond.  . 
L.  I.  Sharp. , 

D.  H.  Plersou. 
.\ugust  C.  Corby. 
Hugh  N.  Kirkland. 
Curtis  J.  Beard. 
Tlios.  B.  Nichols. 
Snowden  Mt-Guaghey. 
John  B.  Forsyth. 

C.  H.  Baldwin. 
.\.  I.  Voorhis. 
Charles  P.  Bogart. 
W.  H.  Poggenbtirg. 
Russell  B.  Smith. 
Nat.  Milts,  Jr. 
Eraost  'iS'o'.kvritt. 


Banks  m  Brooklyn  and  Queens. 


853 


BANKS  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX — Continued. 


TRUST  COMPANIES 


Name.  , 


Astor. i ....  . 

Bankers. .-.. .............. 

Broadway ; . . . . . .'. . . . 

Central  Union. , . .  .-i .;.... 

Columbia ; 

Commei'clal 

Corpovatiou 

Empire 

Equitable f. 

Farmers'  Loan  &  Trust  Co . . 

Fidelity.' 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Guaranty 

Hudson 

Irving 

Lawyers'  Title  &  Trust  Co.  . 

Lincoln 

Mercantile .  . 

Metropolitan 

Mutual  Alliance 

N.  Y.  Life  Ins.  &  Trust  Co. 

New  York 

TiUe  Gu.irantee  &  Trust  Co. 

Transatlantic 

Scandinavian 

U.  S.  Mortgage  &  Trust  Co. 
United  States 


Location. 


5th  Avenue  and  3Ctb  Street. 

IS  Wall  Street 

233  Broadway . . . ; 

80  Bro.idway 

CO  Broadway 

Broadway  and  41st  Street. . . 

37  Wall  Street 

120  Broadway 

37  Wall  Street 

22  William  Street 

Chambers  and  Hudson  Sts. . 

46  Wall  Street 

149  Broadway 

140  Broadway 

Broadway  and  39tli  Street . . 

Woolworth  Building 

160  Broadway 

204  Fifth  Aveuufi 

115  Bro.idway 

60  Wall  Street 

In  Liquidation. 

•52  Wall  Street 

26  Broad  Street 

176  Broadway 

67  William  Street 

56  Broadway \  . . .  . 

55  Cedar  Street 

45  Wall  Street 


President. 


E.  C.  Converse 

Seward  Prosser ....-:. 

Frederic  G.  Lee 

.J.  N.  Wallace 

Willard  V.  King. . . : . 
R.-H.  Moore.. ...... 

tl.  K.  McLaren.  ... . 

L.  W.  Baldwin...... 

A,  W.  Krech ;... 

E.  S.  Marston.. . . . . . 

S.  S.  Conover 

E.  C.  Delafteld 

H.  C.  Swords 

Charles  H.  Sabin. . . . 
Frank  V.  Baldwhi. ... 

F.  G.  Lee 

L.  V.  Bright .: 

Alex.  S.  Webb 


J.  R.  Trowbridge. 
R.  H.  Giles. 
John  Williams. 

E.  J.  Merrill,  1st  V.  P. 

F.  C.  Marston. 

J.  C.  Watson,  Asst.  Sec. 


G.  C.  Van  Tuyl,  Jr. 

Walter  Kerr 

M.  N.  Buckner 

C.  H.  Kelsey 

Julius  Pirnitzer 

A.  V.  Ostrom 

J.  W.  Flatten 

E.  W.  Sheldon 


"  Cashier. 


W.  B.  Baldwin. 

H.  J.  Cook. 

Edw.  Gibbs,  Asst.  Sec. 

A.  L.  VieU,  Asst.  Sec. 

C.  E.  Curtis. 

A.  J.  Morris,  Asst.  Sec. 

G.  J.  Geer,  Jr. 

J.  J.  Broderick. 

Franklin  Schenck. 

Arch.  Farber. 

N.  F.  Griffin. 


B.  Cruger. 

J.  L.  Van  /elm,  Asst.  S.' 
Harry  Forsyth. 

C.  Cj  Harmsted. 
G.  Plochmann. 
M.  F.  Bayard. 
C.  H.  Murphy.' 
Williamson  Pell. 


(Deposit  and  Surplas 


BANKS 
figures  are 


FOR    SAVINGS, 
from  the  Bankers 


RcgiHcr.  July  1.  1918.) 


Name. 


American. 

Bank  fqr  Savings. . .  . 

Bowery, ■.  . 

Broadway 

Bronx , 

Citizens' 

Commonwealth s . 

Dollar 

Dry  Dock 

East  River 

Eriigrq,nt  Industrial . 

Empire  City. 

Excelsior 

Franklin 

Central 

Greenwich 

Harlem 

Irving. 

Italian , . .  i 

Maiden  'Lane. 

Manhattan. ..'.,':..... 

Metropolitan .li , . . . . 

New  York'. . .;.'.. . . . 

North  RivefiV.,'.  •  •  •  •  ■ 

North  Side. .v.. . , . . . 
Seamen's.  . . ;"-.'; .'.... 

Union  Dime. I..... . . 

Union  Square/; :..... 

United  States-.  .■,».... 

Universal. . .....'. .  . . 

West  Side... 


Location. 


115  W.  42d  Street.... 

280  4tU  Avenue ■ 

128  Bowery -.  . 

5  Park  Place 

Tremont  and  Park  Avenues. . 

56  Bowery 

2007  Amsterdam  Avenue. .  .  . 

2808  3rd  Avenue 

341  Bowery 

291  Broadway 

51  Chambers  Street 

231  W.  125th  Street 

23d  Street  and  6th  Avenue. . . 
8t)i  Avenue,  cor.  42d  Street. . 
Corner  4th  Ave.  and  14th  St. 

6th  Avenue  &  16th  Street 

124  E.  125th  Street 

115  Chambers  Street 

64  Spring  Street 

170  Broadway 

644  Broadway 

1  3rd  Avenue 

8th  Ave.,  corner  14th  Street.. 

31  W.  34th  Street.... ; 

3230  3d  Avenue 

74  Wall  Street 

6th  Avenue  and  40th  Street. . 

20  Union  Square 

606  Madison  Avenue 

149  Broadway 

110  6th  Avenue. 


President. 


W.  M.  Campbell.... 

Walter  Trimble 

H.  A.  Schenck 

H.  F.  Hutchinson... 

Wm.  B.  Aitken 

Henry  Hasler. ..; . . . 

J.  H.  Bosohen 

G.  E.  Edwards 

Andrew  Mills 

D.  S.  Ramsay 

Jolui  J.  Pulleyn 

R.  E.  Cochran 

Wra.  J.  Roome 

E.  K.  Satterlee 

Hubert  CU'is 

.lames  Quinlan 

W.  K.  Trotter.-. .. 

H.  E.  Tener 

J.  N.  FrancoUnl. .. . 

F.  A.  Riugler 

C.  M.  Bird 

Robert  D.  Andrews. 

Wm.  Felsinger 

Charles  Robe 

J.  G.  Borgstede 

D.aulel  Barnes. ..... 

A.  P.  W.  Kinnan.  .. 
W.  H.  Rockwood... 

C.  N.  Taintor ;  . 

W.  F.  Brown 

C.  O.  Bigclow...  .  .  . 


Deposits. 


.S3,445,460 

91,308,080 

104,422,370 

14,840.580 

2,280.000 
16,338,320 

1,368,750 

14,746,000 

52,150,360 

37,076,850 

168,880,510 

5,462,350 
18,865,480 
26,191,240 
03,883,880 
73,300,000 
27,422,150 
21,380,830 

6,706,430 

2,252,470 
11,281,110 
14,470,810 
44,420,690 

9,610,750 

2,117,615 
78,347,000 
47,921,020 
14,403,070 

6,173,160 
400,400 

4,915.670 


Surplus. 


$220,490 

13,885,920 

16,771,270 

829,330 

69,000 

2,321,710 

35,510 

1,123,000 

4,901,840 

4,787,120 

14,683,520 

351,920 

1,219,860 

2,499,230 

8,452.370 

7,618,000 

3,051,560 

1,620,520 

409,460 

57,210 

1,577 ,970 

1,304,520 

4,473.030 

661.050 

61.980 

10,?4S,flOQ' 

5,568.940 

1,379,980-' 

308,090, 

19,680 

346,160 


BANKS   IN    BROOKLYN   AND   QUEENS. 

NATIONAL  AND  STATE. ' 


Name. 


Bank-  of  Flatbush 

Bank  of  Long  Island 

Coney  Island 

First  National  of  Corona. . . 
First  National,  Jamaica . . .  . 
First  National,  Ozone  Park 

First  National 

Greenpoint  National 

Hamilton . 

Hillside... 

Homestead 

Mechanics' 

Montauk 

Nassau  National 

National  City 

National,  Far  Rockaway, .  . 

North  Side 

People's  National 

RIdgewood  Nationa'. 

The  Thrift 


Location. 


Cor.  Flatbush  &  Chiu-ch  Avs. 

Jamaica •  ■ 

Surf  Avenue,  C.  I 

Liquidated  November  1, 1916 

Jamaica 

Ozone  Park 

Broadway  and  Havemsyer. .  . 

140  Greenpoint  Avenue 

191  Montague  Street 

8302  Jamaica,  R.  H 

141  Pennsylvania  Avenue 

Court  and  Montague 

5th  Avenue  and  Union  Street. 

46  Court  Street 

350  Fulton  Street 

Far  Rockaway 

225  Havemeyer  Street 

1336  Broadway 

Myrtle  and  Cypress  Avenues 
255  Rj'erson  Street 


President. 


\V  .  D.  Buckner,  Mjj 

S.  R.  Smith 

W.  J.  Ward 


Starr  Brlnk^rhoff 

John  B.  Reimer 

Joseph  Huber 

D.  E.  Freudenberger. . 
Willard  E.  Edmister.  . 
Joel  Fowler 

E.  L.  Rockefeller 

Harry  M.  De  Mott. . . 
Henry  M.  Randall. . . . 

G.  Foster  Smith 

Henry  M.  Wells 

H.  G.  Hej-son 

Paul  E.  Bonner 

George  W.  Spence 

Louis  Berger 

Chas.  M.  Pratt 


Cashier. 


C.  Straub,  Asst.  MgT. 
George  S.  Downing. 
G.  H.  MaUey. 

Wm.  Peterson. 
W.  L.  Hopkins. 

A.  P.  Verfty. 
Walter  WUmtirt. 
Geo.  Hadden,  .Sec. 
Frederick  Boschen. 
George  L.  Porter. 
Wilton  C.  Donn. 
Thos.  M.  Halsey. 
H.  P.  Schoenberner. 

B.  T.  Van  Benthuysett 
J.  A.  Stanley. 
Henry  Billman. 

W.  F.  Gawthorne. 

C.  V.  Gunther. 
JohB  C.  Maddock. 


854 


State  Offices  in  New  York  City. 


BANKS  IN  BROOKLYN  AND  QUEENS — Continueq 


TRUST  COMPANIES. 

Name. 

Location. 

President. 

•Secretary 

177  Montague  Street 

166  Montague  Street 

191  Montague  Street 

342  Fulton  Street 

E.  P.  Maynard 

Willard  P.  Schenci^. 

E.  C.  Delafleld 

\V.  E.  Edinister 

J.  D.  Fairchild 

C.  M.  f  inclve.  Sec. 

HoTTiUton           

George  Hadden, 

Thomas  Blake. 

Manufacturers' 

774  Broadway 

Nathan  S.  Jonas 

C.  A.  Boody 

James  H.  Conrov. 

181  Montague  Street 

175  Remsen  Street 

C.  L.  Schenck. 

Title    Guarantee    &    Trust 
Corapany 

« 

BANKS  FOR  SA^■INGS.— FIGURES  ARE   FROM   THE  BANKERS*   REGISTER,  JULY   1,   1918. 


Name. 

Location. 

President. 

Deposits. 

Surplus. 

Bav  Ridge 

5517  5th  Avenue 

.522  Nostrand  Avenue 

M.  T.  Lewis 

SI. 440.000 

5.890.520 
58.747,150 

6,875,290 

5,326,830 
53.373,320 
12,168,870 

9,024,900 
10,000,760 

4,563,210 

1,022.910 
23,604.470 
12,783,889 

6,201,170 
10,759,780 

2.427.230 
642.550 

6.442,540 
13.844,750 

3i348,380 
25,879.720 

1.217.890 
7S.S83.030 

536,000 

RrPVOOrt- 

H   M   Smith 

396,640 

BrookivQ 

Clinton  and  Pierrepont  Sts. ; . 
Grand  St..  cor.  Graham  Ave. 
Cor.  Flatbush  &  Laf'y'te  Avs. 
De  Kalb  Ave.  &  Fulton  St..  . 
So.  5th  St.,  cor.  Havemeyer. . 

643  Myrtle  Avenue 

Broadway  and  Gates  Ave.. .  . 
Atlantic  and  Penna.  Avcs..  .  . 
910  J'latbush  Ave     . 

C    Iladden 

7,206,650 

Biishwiek 

J    E   Brown 

599,450 

Ciitv ■.  .    .  . 

303.650 

Dime                .          - .  ■ 

R.  S.  Walker 

5.404,630 

\V.  P.  Sturgis 

859,280 

E.  F.  Barnes 

824,960 

East  District 

John   W.  Eraser 

F.  Middendort 

587,060 

East  New  York.. .  .ii .  . 
Fl.ithr.'Jh 

515,210 

H   B    Hawkins 

12,870 

Charles  Froeb 

2,219,220 

Fultoi\    

375  Fulton  Street 

Adolph  Doepel 

1,161,828 

Greater  New  York. .  .  . 

498  5th  Avenue 

807  Manhattan  Avenue 

1451  Myrtle  Avenue 

S04  Manhattan  Avenue 

C.  J.  Obermayer.. 

Geo.  W.  Feller 

283,920 
1,075, .570 

7S.320 

Home 

.Jolm  W.  Burr 

22,430 

Jflmai<*a 

360  Fulton  Street.  Jamaica... 
Broadway,  cor.  Bedford  Ave 
B'way,  Vernon  &  Styvsul  .\v 
160  Atlantic  Avenue .* 

\V.  \V.  Gilleu 

H.  G.  Taj'Ior 

586,640 

1,252,310 

I).   iV,  Kaatze 

101,140 

South  Brooklv'ii 

U"   J   Cooml)S 

3,179  240 

Sumner       

12  Graham  Avenue 

B'oadway  and  DriKKS  Ave 

V    S   Somcrs 

75,250 

Williiunstjurg 

V    n.  Bnird 

13,-389.510 

FERRIES 

EAST  I'lVl^B. 
City  Island  to  Harts  Island  (Dept.  of  Correc- 
tions): Clason  Point  Road.  Bronx,  to  College 
Point  (summer):  E.  134th  St.  to  North  Beach:  E. 
132d  St.  to  North  Brotlier  Island  (Board  of  Health): 
E.  I25th  St.  to  Randall's  Island  (Dept.  of  Charltie.s) ; 
E.  120th  St.  to  Randall's  Island  (Dept.  of  Charities) ; 
E.  116th  St.  to  Ward's  Island  (State  Hospital  Com- 
mission): E.  92d  St.  to  Astoria:  E.  70th  St.  to 
Blackwell's  Island:  E.  53d  St.  to  Blackweil's  Island; 
E.  34th  St.  to  Long  Island  City:  E.  25th  St.  to 
Blackwell's  Island  to  Staten  Island  Farm  CoIon.\-, 
to  Hart's  Island,  to  Riker's  Island:  E.  23d  St.  to 
Greenuoint  Ave.,  Brooklyn:  also  to  Broadway, 
Brooklvn:  Roosevelt  St.  to  Broadway.  Brooklyn; 
Fulton  St.  to  Fulton  St.,  Brooklyn;  Whitehall  St. 
to  Atlf  ntlc  Ave.,  Brooklyn:  .also  to  Hamilton  Ave., 
Brookl.vn,  also  the  Municipal  Ferry  to  39th  St., 
South  Brooklyn,  to  St.  George,  Staten  Island  and 
to  Stapleton,  Staten  Island:  Battery  to  Governor's 
Island  (U.  S.  Gov.),  also  to  Ellis  Island  (U.  S.  Gov), 
also  to  Liberty  Statue. 


IN     NEW     YORK 


CITY. 

UPPER    BAY. 
(Bay  Rld(Se  Ave.)   69th  St.,  Soutli  Brooklyn,  to 
St.  George.  Staten  Island. 

NORTH  RIVER. 
Liberty  St.  to  Communipaw,  Jersey  City  (Jersey 
Central.  P.  and  R.,  and  B.  and  O.  Railroads): 
Cortlandt  St.  t-o  Montgomery  St..  Jersey  City 
(Pennsylvania  Railroad) :  also  to  Weehawken  (West 
Shore  and  N.  Y.,  O.  <fe  W.  Railroads) ;  Barclay  St. 
to  Hobol;en,  N.  J.  (Lackawanna  Railroad);  Cham- 
bers St.  to  Pavonia  Ave.,  Jersey  City  (Erie  Rail- 
road): Desbrosses  St.  to  Montgomery  St.,  Jersey 
City  (Pennsylvania  Railroad):  Christopher  St.  to 
Hoboken  (Lackawanna  Railroad):  W.  23d  St.  to 
Communipaw  (Jersey  Central,  P.  and  R..  and  B.  <fc 
O.  Railroads):  also  to  Montgomery  St.,  Jer.sey  City 
(Pennsylvania  Railroad):  also  to  Hoboken  (Lacka- 
wanna Railroad) ;  also  to  Pavonia  Ave.,  Jerse.v  Cit/ 
(Erie  Railroad):  also  to  14th  St.,  Hobolien;  W.  42d 
St.  to  Weehi  wken  (West  Shore,  and  N.  Y.,  O.  &  W. 
Railroads) ;W .  130th  St.  to  Edgewater.  N.  J.;  Dyck- 
man  St.  to  Englewood  Cliffs  (Palisades  Interstate 
Park) . 


STATE    OFFICES    IN 

Department  of  Agriculture — 90  West  Broad- 
way; Chemical  Laboratory,  50  K.  41st  St.  Dept.  of 
Architecture — 233  Broadway.  Arsenal — Seventh 
Ave.  and  35th  St;  Attorney-General — 51  Chambers 
St.  Automobile  Bureau,  Secretary  of  State — 
127  W.  65th  St.  Dept.  of  Banking — Superintendent 
of  Banto,  61  Broadway.  Commission  for  Blind — 
Hall  of  Records.  Bridge  and  Tunnel  Commission 
— 115  Broadway.  State  Board  of  Charities — 287 
Fourtli  Ave.  State  Comptroller — 233  Broadway: 
Brooklyn,  215  Montague  St.  Transfer  Tax  Bureau 
— 233  Broadway;  Bronx,  2808  Third  Ave.;  Brooklyn, 
215  Montague  St.  Clearing  House  for  Employes 
— 44  E.  23d  St.  Conservation  Commission — 
Broadway  and  42d  St.  Forest,  Fish,  and  Game 
Commission — Broadway  and  42d  St.  Bureau  of 
Deportation — Hall  of  Records.  State  Superin- 
tendent's Office  of  Elections — 2.30  Fifth  Ave. 
State  Engineer — Hall  of  Records.  Brandies — Pier 
6,  East  River;  Mott  Haven;  Noitli  Ri\'er  and  53d 
St.;  Brooklyn — Foot  Columbia  St.;  201  Franklin  St. 
Dept.  of  Excise — 1451  Broadway:  Brooklyn.  Eagle 
HuUdiug:  62  Jackson  Ave.  Long  island  City.    Farm 


NEW     YORK    CITY. 

Bureau — 15  Pearl  St.  Food  Commission — 220  W. 
57th  St.  Health  Officer  of  the  Port— Quarantine 
Station,  Rosebank,  Staten  Island.  Health  Officer — 
Leiand  E.  Cofer,  M.  D.  (812,500).  State  Dept.  of 
Health— 25  W.  45th  St.  State  Hospitals  (Office  of) 
— 31  Chambers  St.  Dept.  of  Insurance — 165 
Broadway*.  Brooklyn.  312  .lay  St.  Interstate  Park 
Commission — 61  Broadway.  New  York  State 
Industrial  Commission — 230  Fifth  Ave.  Dept.  of 
Labor — 230  Fifth  Ave.  Employment  Biireav — 230 
Fifth  Ave.;  Brooklyn.  312  Jay  St.;  Queens,  436 
Jackson  Ave.,  Long  Island  Cit3'.  Military  Training 
Commission — 105  E.  33d.  St.  Physical  Training 
Bureau — Convent  Ave.  and  138th  St.  New  York 
Monuments  Commission — Hall  of  Records. 
State  Nautical  School — 17  State  St.  New  Jersey 
Interstate  Bridge  and  Tunnel  Commission — 
115      Broadway.  Palisades     Commission — 61 

Broadway.  Public  Service  Commission  (Second 
District) — Hall  of  Records.  State  Hospital  Com- 
mission— Hall  of  Records.  State  Tax  Dept. — 31 
Cliambers  St.  (Hall  of  Records).  Workmen's 
Compensation  Bureau — 230  Fifth  Ave.;  BrOolilya. 
312  Jay  St. 


American  Bar  Association.  855 

THE    HALL    OF    FAME. 

March  5,  1900,  the  Coiincil  of  New  York  University  accepted  a  gift  of  $100,000,  afterward  Increased 
to  $250,000,  from  a  donor;  whose  name  was  withheld,  for  the  erection  and  completion  on  University  Heights, 
New  Yorli  City,  of  a  ijuildiug  to  be  called  "The  Hall  of  Fame  for  Great  Americans."  A  structure  was  built 
in  the  form  of  a  terrace  with  superimposed  colonnade  connecting  the  University  Hall  of  Philosophy  v/ltb 
the  Hall  of  Languages.  On  the  erround  floor  is  a  museum  200  feet  long  by  40  feet  wide,  consisting  of  a  cor- 
ridor and  six  halls  to  contain  mementoes  of  the  names  that  are  inscribed  above.  The  colonnade  over  this 
Is  600  feet  long  with  provision  for  150  panels,  each  about  2  feet  by  0  feet,  each  to  bear  the  name  of  a  famous 
American.  ™  .  , 

Only  persons  who  shall  have  been  dead  ten  or  more  years  are  eligible  to  be  chosen.  Fifteen  classes  oi 
citizens  were  recommended  for  consideration,  to  wit:  Authors  and  editors,  business  men,  educators,  inventors, 
missionaries  and  explorers,  philanthropists  and  reformers,  preachers  and  theologians,  scientists,  engineers 
and  architects,  lawyers  and  judges,  musicians,  painters  and  sculptors,  physicians  and  surgeons,  rulers  and 
statesmen,  soldiers  and  sailors,  distinguished  men  and  women  outside  the  above  classes.  Fifty  names  were 
to  be  inscribed  on  the  tablets  at  the  beginning,  and  Ave  additional  names  every  fifth  year  thereafter,  until 
the  year  2000,  when  the  1.50  inscriptions  will  be  completed.  In  case  of  failure  to  fill  all  the  panels  allotted, 
the  vacancies  are  to  be  filled  in  a  following  year. 

Tn  February,  1904,  the  plan  was  announced  of  a  Hall  of  Fame  for  Women  near  the  former,  with  places 
lor  50  tablets.      Its  foundation  has  been  begun. 

The  rales  prescribed  that  the  council  should  invite  nominations  from  the  public.  Every  nomination 
seconded  by  a  member  of  the  University  Senate  should  be  submitted  to  an  electorate  of  one  hundred  emi- 
nent citizens  selected  by  the  council.  Cliancellor  Emeritus  MacCracken,  who  is  "committeeman"  of  the 
hall,  presides  in  the  Senate  when  the  Hall  of  Fame  is  considered.    Address  University  Heights,  New  Yorlt 

In  October,  1900,  the  University  Senate  received  the  ballots  of  the  electors.  Of  the  one  hundred  judges 
selected  ninety-seven  voted.  The  number  of  names  which  had  been  submitted  to  them  was  252.  Of  these 
each  judge  returned  a  vote  for  fifty.  The  rule  required  that  no  candidate  receiving  less  than  flfty-one  votes 
could  be  accepted.  The  returns  showed  that  but  twenty-nine  candidates  received  the  required  number 
and  were  chosen.  These  were  as  follows:  George  Washington,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Daniel  Wel)ster,  Ben- 
jamin Franklin,  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  John  Marshall,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Ralph  Waldo  Emerson,  Henry  W. 
Longfellow,  Robert  Fulton,  Washington  Irving,  Jonathan  Edwards,  Samuel  F.  B.  Morse,  David  G.  Far- 
ragut,  Henry  Clay,  Nathaniel  Hawthorne.  George  Peabody,  Robert  E.  Lee,  Peter  Cooper,  Ell  Whitney, 
John  J.  Audubon,  Horace  Mann,  Henry  Ward  Bcecher,  James  Kent,  Joseph  Story,  John  Adams,  William 
E.  Channing,  Gilbert  Stuart  and  Asa  Gray. 

In  October,  1905,  under  tlie  rules  named  above,  the  Senate  received  the  ballots  of  95  electors  out  of 
101  appointed,  of  whom  only  85  undertook  to  consider  the  names  of  women.  A  majority  of  51  was  demanded, 
but  in  the  case  of  the  names  of  women,  a  majority  of  only  47.  The  following  eight  persons  wore  found 
to  be  duly  chosen:  John  Quincy  Adams,  59;  James  Russell  Lowell,  58;  William  Tucumseh  Sherman,  58; 
James  Madison,  56:  John  Greenleaf  Whittier.  53;  Mary  Lyon,  58;  Emma  Wlllard,  50,  and  Maria  Mitchell,  48. 

The  hall  was  dedicated  May  30,  1901,  when  twenty-five  or  more  National  associations  each  unveiled 
one  of  the  bronze  tablets  in  the  colonnade,  and  on  May  39,  :1907,  eleven  new  tablets  were  unveiled,  orations 
being  given  by  the  Governors  of  New  York  and  Massachusetts. 

In  October,  1910,  the  next  ballot  was  taken,  the  number  cast  being  97  and  the  number  required  for  a 
choice  being  51.  The  following  ten  persons  had  the  requisite  number  of  votes:  Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  74; 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes.  69;  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  69;  James  Feulmore  Cooper,  62;  PhiUips  Brooks,  60;  Wiliiam 
Cullen  Bryant.  59;  Frances  E.  Willard,  56;  Andrew  Jackson,  53;  George  Bancroft.  53;  John  Lothrop  Motr 
ley,  51.    There  were  211  nominees.  ..  .    ,  ,  ^         .    ^ 

The  foui'th  quinquennial  election  in  1915  secured  the  ballots  of  ninety-seven  electors,  three  electors 
having  died  within  the  year.  Nine  names  were  admitted,  viz.,  Alexander  Hamilton,  70  votes;  Mark  Hop- 
kins, 69;  Francis  Parkman,  68;  Agassiz,  64;  Elias  Howe,  61;  Joseph  Henry,  56;  Rulus  Choate,  52;  Daniel 
Boone.  52;  with  one  woman,  Charlotte  Cushman.  53.  Of  these  Hamilton  and  Agassiz  had  been  elected 
in  1905  to  the  separate  hall  proposed  for  famous  loreign-borij  Americans.  When  the  Constitution  was 
amended  in  1914.  to  do  away  with  the  line  of  discrimination  between  native-bom  and  foreign-born,  it  was 
required  that  the  four  foreign-born,  already  chosen,  be  re-elected  in  competition  with  the  native-born  put 
in  nomlnaticrti.  The  two  above  named  were  approved,  while  John  Paul  Jones  jind  Roger  WflUams  lackec. 
a  majority,  but  remain  in  nomination  for  the  j»ear  1920.  The  total  names  admitted  to,the  lovir  quiuqu^-., 
nial  elections  is  50  men  and  6  women.  ,      .  ,         „      .  ,.■',.,       i    .        ,     ■■■i 

No  changes  were  made  in  1918  in  the  constitu^jou  or  rules.     Nearly  onej-tcnth  of ,  tJie.;elect'0''.'!  'tWfl; 
died,  but Hheir  places  will  not  be  filled  until  1919.  ■,>  • 

Hehry  JI.  MacCracken,  Committeeman,  University  Heights,  New  York  City. 


-''  EAR     ASSOCIATION,     CtTY     OF     NEW     YORK.-'''" 

(Bar  Association  Building,  No.  42  West  Forty-fourth  Street,  New  York- City.) 

President — George  L.  Ingraham.  Vice-Presidents — J.  Parker  Kirlin,  DeLancey  NlcoU,  Silas  B.  Brownell, 
E.  Henry  Lacombe,  Edward  -W.  Sheldon.  Recording  Seaelary — Charles  H.  Strong.  Correspondino  kecre- 
tarv — Eliot  Tuckerman.     Treasurer — S.  Sidney  Smith.  "  '  / 

The  Organization  has  2,168  members.  It  was  instituted  iu  X869.  and  its  Presidents  have  been  as  follows: 
1870  to  1S79,  William  M.  Evarts;  1880  and  1881,  Stephen  P.  Nash;  1882  and  1883,  Francis  N.  Bangs; 
1884  and  1885,  James  C.  Carter;  1886  and  1887,  William  Allen  Butler;  1888  and  1889,  Joseph  H.  Choate; 
1890  and  1891.  Frederick  R.  Coudert;  1892  to  1894.  Wheeler  H.  Peckham;  1895  and  189?,  Joseph  Larocque; 
1897  to  1899,  James  C.  Carter;  1900  and  1901,  John  E.  Parsons;  1902  and  1903,  William  G.  Clioate;  1904 
and  1906.  EUhu  Root;  1906  and  1907,  John  L.  Cadwalader;  1908  and  1909.  Edmund  Wetmore;  1910  and 
1911,  Franeis  Lynde  Stetson;  1912,  Lewis  Cass  Ledyard;  1913  and  1914.  William  B.  Homblower;  1914  to 
1916,  George  W.  Wickersham;  1917  and  1918,  George  L.  Ingraham.  The  admission  fee  is  $100  from  resi- 
dent members  and  S50  from  non-resident  members;  and  the  annual  dues  from  resident  members  of  more 
than  six  years'  and  loss  than  twenty  years'  standing.  S55.  and  of  more  than  twenty  years"  standing,  $60. 
and  from  members  having  offices  in  New  York  City  and  residing  elsewhere  of  less  than  twenty  years  stand- 
ing. $30,  and  of  more  than  twenty  years'  standing,  $35:  from  members  of  less  than  six  years'  standing,  $25; 
from  non-resident  members,  neither  residing  nor  having  offices  in  New  York  City,  $35;  from  resident  members 
temporarily  absent  from  the  city,  $10. 

AMERICAN 'teAR  ASSOCIATION. 

EACH  State  and  Territory  is  represented  by  one  Vice-President  and  one  member  of  the  Genej-al  Cwmcll, 
Membership  about  1 1,000.'  This  association  of  lawyers  of  the  United  States  was  organized  in  1878.  Officers: 
President— George  T.  Page,  Peoria,  111.  Secretary — George  Whltelock,  1416  Munsey  Building,  Baltimore, 
Md.  rr«r^s«rel-— Frederick  E.  Wadliams,  78  Chapel  Street,  Albany.  N.  Y.  Assistant  Seeretaries—W. 
Thomas  Kemp,  Gaylord  Lee  Clark.  3416  Mimsev  BuUdins.  B.altimore.  Md. 


S5f) 


Brooklyn  Federation  of  Jewish  Charities. 


TUNNELS    IN    OPERATION    IN    AND    ABOUT    NEW    YORK    CITY. 

(For  Subways  In  and  about  New  York  City,  see  Index), 


Pennsylvania  Railroad  System — Tunnels  under 
Hudson  River  extend  from  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road Station,  New  York,  to  Weehawken,  N.  J. 
Tbere  Is  no  station  at  Weehawken.  the  electric 
trains  from  the  Pennsylvania  Station  run  to 
Manhattan  Transfer,  near  Newark,  N.  J., 
without  a  stop.  Work  started  April  1,  1904: 
completed  In  1910.  Two  tubes  of  cast  Iron  rings, 
23  feet  outside  diameter  and  21  feet  2  Inches 
Inside  diameter;  subaqueous  portion  6,118  feet 
long. 

Manhattan  cross-town  tunnels  from  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  Station,  mentioned  above, 
across  New  York  under  32d  and  33d  Sts.  to  First 
Ave.  Started  ,July,  1905,  completed  In  1910. 
There  are  two  tunnels,  each  with  two  tracks. 
The  tunnels  are  built  of  concrete  with  the  crown 
about  CO  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  street. 

East  River  Tunnels  connect  with  the  cross-iown 
tunnels  and  extend  under  the  East  River  to 
Long  Island  City,  Started  September,  1904; 
completed  In  1910.  Four  separate  tubes  with  rings 
23  feet  outside  diameter,  each  tube  from  the  Man- 
hattan shaft  to  the  I.ouk  Island  City  shaft.  3.900 
feet  long. 

HDDSON  AND  Manhattan  Railroad  System — 
North  tunnels  under  the  Hudson  River  from, Tersey 
CItv  to  Morton  St.,  New  York.  Started  Novem- 
ber. 1874;  the  (Irst  in  New  York,  officially  opened 
February  25,  1908.  Two  single  track  tubes,  with 
a  minimum  Inside  diameter  of  16  feet  3  Inches, 
and    approximately    5,700    feet    long. 

Vp-town  tunnels  connect  with  north  tunnels  at  Mor- 
ton St.  and  extend  to  Christopher  St.  thence  to 
Sixth  Ave,  and  up  Sixth  Ave.  to  33d  St.  Started 
March,  1904,  completed  In  1910,  Section  from 
Morton  to  12th  ,St.  shield  construction,  remainder 
cut  and  cover. 

South  tunnels  under  Hudson  River  from  .Jersey  Clly 
to  the  Church  St.  Terminal  Bulldlng.s  (Cortlandt, 
Church  and  Fulton  Sts.),  New  York.  Started 
Mav,  1905;  opened  for  traffic  .Inly,  1909.  Two 
tubes  about  5,950  feet  long  with  cast  Iron  rlugn-. 
16  feet  7  Inches  outside  diameter  and  15  feet  3 
Inches  Inside  diameter. 

Tunnels  (consisting  of  two  single  track  tubes)  extend 
from  the  Hoboken  terminal  of  the  Lackawanna 
Railroad  to  Wa.shlngton  St.,  .lersey  City,  with  con- 
nections to  the  north  tunnels  and  to  the  Erie 
Railroad  Station.  At  Washington  St.  a  branch 
runs  to  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Station  at 
Jersey  City,  where  connections  are  made  with  the 
south  tunnels.  West  from  Washington  SI.  tn  a 
point  east  of  Summit  Ave.  Is  a  double  track  con- 
crete tunnel  with  a  centre  wall  dividing  the 
tracks.  Work  started  M.irch,  1906;  completed  In 
July,  1911. 


Bbl.mont  Tunnel  under  the  East  River  from  42d 
St.,  New  York,  to  Long  Island  City.  Subaqueous 
portion  two  single  track  tubes  with  cast-iron  ringa 
16  feet  10  Inches  outside  diameter,  and  a  clear  In- 
.slde  diameter  of  15  feet  6  Inches.  Through  rock 
a  horseshoe  shaped  concrete  section  Is  used  and 
In  other  places  a  rectangular  double  track  crosa 
section  with  reinforced  concrete  lining.  Con- 
struction started  bv  New  York  and  Long  Island 
Railroad,  .luly  12,  1905;  practically  completed 
.January  1.  1908.  (Commonly  known  as  the 
Stelnway  Tunnel). 

Rapid  Transit  Tunnel  under  the  fOast  River  from 
the  Battery,  New  York,  to  .Joralemon  St.,  Brook- 
lyn, connecting  the  New  York  and  Brooklyn  sub- 
ways. Started  April,  1903;  trains  running  Janu- 
ary 9,  1908.  Two  tubes.  6,784  feet  long,  with  a 
finished  Inside  diameter  of  15  feet  6  .Inches. 

West  Shore  Railroad  Tunnel,  Weeh.\-»vken. 
New  Jersey — Commenced  in  1881,  and  completed 
twenty-three  months  later,  at  a  cost  ol  8525,000. 
It  Is  double-tracked  and  the  original  length  was 
3,983  feet.  A  steel  and  concrete  portal,  con- 
structed in  1907  at  the  east  increased  Its  length 
to  4,273  feet.  One-fourth  of  the  tunnel  is  brick- 
lined,  the  remaining  portion,  luiUned.  The  nor- 
mal section  is  27  feet  in  width  and  19  feet  high. 
80,500  cubic  yards  of  rock  were  removed,  and 
five  vertical  shafts  were  utilized,  giving  ten  work- 
ing faces,  and  average  progress  of  173  linear  feet 
per  month  was  maintained.  The  average  expendi- 
ture per  linear  foot  of  lined  section  was  S200,  and 
of  unllncd  section.  SI  10,  and  equivalent  of  S7.00 
per  cubic  yard  of  excavation.  The  tunnel  is  a 
tangent,  with  the  exception  of  the  extended  por- 
tion of  the  east  end.  previously  mentioned,  at 
which  point  the  freight  and  passenger  tracks 
divide.  There  is  a  grade  of  0.30%  towards  the 
east,  and  0.34%  towards  the  west,  from  approxi- 
mately the  centre  of  the  tunnel.  It  is  ventilated 
by  rotary  fans,  installed  in  1911. 

BERfjEN  Cut  of  Erie  Railroad  through  Bergen  Hill, 
.Jersey  Clts»  parallel  to  the  present  tunnel,  which 
is  4,700  feS  long.  The  Bergen  cut  was  started 
March,  1906,  and  completed  July  1.  1910.  It 
has  five  four-track  tunnels,  with  open  cuts  be- 
tween the  tunnels,  malflng  a  total  length  of  4.300 
feet.  Tunnel  sections  58  feet  wide  at  the  bottom 
and  21  feet  high. 

Lackawanna  Railroad  Tunnel  through  Bergen 
Hill,  Jersey  City.  Started  February  28,  1906; 
romtJleted  February  14,  1909.  Parallel  to  and 
24  feet  awav  from  old  tunnel  and  of  the  same 
length,  viz.,  4.283  feet.  New  tunnel  Is  double 
tracked,  lined  with  concrete,  having  inside  dimen- 
.slons  23  feet  high  by  30  feet  wide.  Bush  track 
construction  used. 


Tunnels  from  Whitehall  St.,  Manhattan,  lo  Montague  St.,  Brooklyn,  from  Old  Slip,  Manhattan,  to 
Clurk'St.,  Brooklyn,  from  14th  St.,  Manhattan,  to  North  7th  St.,  Brooklyn,  and  from  60th  St.,  Manhattan, 
under 'Btackwelr.s  Island  to  Oueens,  are  under  construction,  all  of  which  are  part  of  the  new  subway  system 
iii  New  York.     The  (Irst  two' and  the  Last  named  will,  it  was  .stated,  be  completed  and  in  service  in  1919. 


BROOKLYN    FEDERATION    OF    JEWISH    CHARITIES. 

Prestdoit—RdwavA  Lazansky.  Firsl  \lce-Pi(sidcnl—ii\iiion  F.  Rothschild.  Second  Vice-President — 
Jacob  Levy.  IVea.swrcr— Julius  Dalilmau.  Honoranj  Secrctury — Nathan  S.  Jonas.  Executive  Director — 
Max  Abelman.  President  of  the  Brooklyn  Hebreio  Orphan  Asylum — Louis  L.  Firuski.  President  of  the 
Jewish  Hospttn?— Edward  C.  Blum.  President  of  the  United  Jewish  Aid  Societies — Adolf  Berglda.  President 
of  the  Hebreic  Educational  Societu— Aaron  William  Levy.  President  of  the  Young  Wen's  Hebrew  Association 
.—Grover  M.  Moscowitz.  President  of  the  Training  School  for  Nurses — Hugo  Hirsh.  President  of  the 
Council  of  Jewish  Women  and  Council  Home  for  Jewish  Girls — Mrs,  A.  H.  Arons.  President  of  the  Women's 
Auxiliary  of  the  Brooklyn  Hebrew  Orphan  AsyUim — Mrs.  Otto  Kempner.  President  of  the  n  omen's  Auxiliarif 
ef  the  Jeu'lsh  Hospital — Mrs.  Nathaniel  H.  Levi.  President  of  the  Young  Men's-and  Women's  Social  Service 
AyxiHary  of  the  Brooklyn  Federation  of  Jewish  Charities — Algernon  I.  Nova. 

The  Brooklyn  Federation  of  Jewish  Charities  is  the  central  organization  for  the  collection  and  dis- 
tribution of  the  funds  for  the  maintenance,  In  whole  or  in  part,  of  the  following  institutions:  Brooklyn 
Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum  The  Jewish  Hospital  of  Brooklyn,  United  Jewish  Aid  Societies,  Hebrew  Educa- 
tional Society,  Training  School  lor  Nurses,  Young  Men's  Hebrew  Association,  Women's  Auxiliary  Brooklyn 
Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  Women's  Auxiliary  the  Jewish  Hospital,  Council  of  Jewish  Women  (Brooklyn 
Section),  Council  Home  for  Jewish  Girls  (Amalie  Seldner  Memorial),  Young  Men's  Hebrew  Association  of 
Bath  Beach,  Young  Men's  Hebrew  Association  of  Borough  Park,  Machzike  Talmud  Torah,  Hebrew  Na- 
tional Schools,  Glory  of  Israel  Institute,  Free  Talmud  Torah  Association  of  Brownsville,  New  Hebrew 
School  of  Brooklyn,  and  the  Young  Men's  and  Women's  Social  Service  Auxiliary.  Other  affiliated  societies 
tv  which  allotments  are  made:  Monteflore  Home  lor  Chronic  Invalids  of  New  York  City,  Jewish  Pro- 
lei^oi-.v  and  Ald.Soclety  (Brookljai  Cottage).  Hawthorne,  N.  i".;  National  Jewish  Hospital  for  Consumptives, 
li.iuii-.  (^ol,;  Jewish  Consumplives'  Relief  Society,  neiivcr.  Col. 


Jury  Duty  in  Manhattan. 


HIGH    BUILDINGS    IK    MANHATTAN. 


857 


NAXIB  and   LOCATIOjN. 


Adams,  61  Broadway 

Am.  Bnk.  Note  Co.,  78  Trinity  PI. 
American  Express  Co.,  65  B'way 
American  Surety  Co.,  100  B'way 
Ashland,  4tli  Ave.  and  24th  St. . . 
Astor  Trust,  5th  Ave.  and  42d  St. 
Bankers'   Trust   Co.,    Wall   and 

Nassau  Sts. 

Blltmore    Hotel,    Madison    Ave. 

and  43d  St 

Broad  E.xchange,  25  Broad  St. 

Broadway  and  48th  St 

Candler,  218-26  W.  42d  St 

Church  and  Dey  Sts 

Church  and  Fulton  Sts 

City  Investing,  165  Broadway. 
Clarendon,  4th  Ave.  and  IKth  St. 
Columbia  Trust  Co.,  00  B'way 
Commercial  Cable  Co.,  20  Broad 

St 

Com  Exchange  Bank,  15  William 

St 

Crolsic,  220  5th  Ave 

Eagle,  4th  Ave.  and  21st  St. . . 
Eight  West  Fortieth  Street .  .  . 

Eighty  Maiden  Lane 

Eleven-Thirteeu  E.  26th  St .  .  . 
Emph-e,  B'way  and  Rector  Si .  .  . 

Equitable,  120  Broadway 

Fifty  Broad  Street 

Flatlron  (Fuller),  B'way  and  23d 

St 

Forty-flrst  St.,  18-20  E.  41st  St 
Forty-second  St..  18-28  E.  42d  St. 

Forty-two  Broadway 

Four  Si.xty-oue  8th  Ave 

Germanla  Life,  50  Uuiou  S<iuarL' 
Hanover  National  Bank,  Nassau 

and  Pine  Sts 

Heckscher,  307-315  Madison  Ave. 
Heidelberg,  B'way  and  42d  St. . . 
Herald  Square,  141  W.  36th  St. . 

Hess,  4th  Ave.  and  26th  St 

Hudson    Terminal,    30    and    50 

Church:  St 


o  o 


32 
28 
32 
23 
20 
21 

39 

26 
20 
39 
2!) 
27 
27 
33 
20 
23 

21 

20 
21 
20 
20 
25 
21 
20 
37 
20 

20 
20 
20 
21 
21 
20 

22 
20 
30 
22 
20 

22 


Height 
(Feet) . 


424 
374 
415 
306,  1  in. 
260 
261 

539 

305 

276,  6 '2  iu. 

131.  10  in. 

341        » 

362 

362 
486,  6  in. 
203,  8  in. 
306,  3  in. 
255,  e.Kclusivc 
of  dome. 


20'J,  2  iu. 
290 
271 
315 

274,  8  }$  in. 
293 

485,  9  in. 
242    ■ 

286 

252,  2  iu. 

272 

340 
281 

385 
270 
410 
259,  2  iu. 
271 

275.  9  ill. 


N.^ME    AND    LOC'^TION. 


Lewlsohn,  119  W.  40th  St.  ....  . 

Liberty  Tower,  Nassau  and  Lib- 
erty Sts 

McAlplu  Hotel,  B'way  and  34th 

Rt_ .    


,  cor 


Mad.  Ave.  and  40th  St.,  u.  w- 

Madison  Ave.  aiid-45tli  St 

Madison  Avenue,  Madison  Ave. 

and  25th  St. ■.  .  •.  ..... 

Madison  Square,  15  E.  2Cth  St.  . 
Metropolitan    Life,    1    Madison 

Ave 

Municipal,  Park  Row  and  Cen- 
tre St 

National  Bank  of  Commerce.  .  .  . 
Nine  Hundied  Two-900  B'way .  . 

Park  Row,  13-21  Park  Row 

Pulitzer,  Park  Row 

St.  Paul,  B'way  and  Ann  St 

Singer,  149  Broadway 

Sixty  Wall  St 

Sun,  Nassau  and  Spruce  Sts 

Thirty-seven  Wall  St — 

Times,  B'way  and  42d  St 

Trinity,  111  Broadway 

Two  Hundred  Twelve  Fifth  Ave 
United  States  Rubber  Co.,  B'way 

and  08th  St 

Victoria,  B'way  and  27th  St.  . 
Western  Union,  195  Broadway 
West  Street,  West  and  Cedar  Sts. 
Whitehall,  17  Battery  Place 

William  and  John  Sts 

Woolworth,  233  Broadway.. 
World's  Tower,  110-112  W.  40th 

St 

Yale  Club,  Vauderbilt  Ave.  and 

44th  St 

24  We,st  59th  St 

109-111  East  40th  St 

351  West  42d  St 

U2  Park  Ave 

2()1  Broadway 

347  Madison  Ave.,  southeast  cor 

nor  45th  St 


00 


22 

32 

25 
22 
22 

20 

20 

50 

24 
20 
20 
29 
22 
20 
41 
26 
23 
25 
28 
21 
20 

20 
20 
2fi 
23 
32 
20 
51 

30 

.20 
21 
20 
22 
32 
27 


Height 
(Feet). 


29S 

385 

307,  5  in. 
264,  6  in. 
260 

288,  3  iu. 
273 

700,  3  ill. 

560,  1  in. 

270 

263 

309 
375,  y,  in. 

308 
612,  1  ill. 

346 

306 

318 

419,  9  in. 

280,  6  in. 

264 

272,  8M  in. 
263,  11  in. 
403, 6  in. 

424 

251,  2  in. 

750 

335 

§:> 

263 
245 
249 
290 
390 
362 


20  1241,  4  in. 


Other  high  structuros  in  the  United  States  iire:    C;ity  Hall,  Pliiladelpliia,  547  feet;  Travelers'  Insurance 
Company,  Hartford,  Conn.,  ,'525  feet;  (Mistoni  Ilou.se  tov.-or,  Boston,  uO;.  feet. 


JURY    DUTY    IN    MANHATTAN. 

To  I 

be  a  male  1 

the  meaning  > 

?he* va!ue^Sf^$2sb!  or  t"h7husba"uTof  i  wo'in.an  who'is  tiiTowner, 'in  her  own  right, "of  real  or  personal  property 
of  that  value  He  must  also  be  in  the  po.s.session  of  his  natural  faculties,  an<l  not  be  intirrn  or  decrepit,  m- 
telligent,  of  good  character,  and  able  to  read  and  write  the  English  language  understandiiigly. 

THE  FOLLOWING  PERSONS  ARE  ENTITLED  TO  EXEMPTION. 
A  plerevman  minister  of  any  religion  officiating  as  such  and  not  following  any  other  calling.  A  prae- 
rlsing  Dhvsician  surgeon?  surgeon-dentist,  or  veterinary  surgeon  not  following  any  other  calling,  and  a  li- 
SfdSSeuUst  or  pharmacist,  or  a  duly  licensed  embalmer.  while  actually  engaged  in  his  pro  esslon 
irimeans  of  livelihood.  An  attorney  or  counsellor-at-law  regularly  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  as  a 
mean^Snivellhood  A  professor  or  teacher  in  a  college,  academy,  or  public  school  not  fo  lowing  any  other 
SSI.  Editor,  editorial  writer,  or  reporter  of  a  daily  newspaper  or  press  association  regularly  employed^^^ 
Bucli  and  not  foilowin'?  any  other  vocation.  The  holder  of  .in  office  "uder  the  Un  ted  fetatM,  or  the  htatc. 
or  <^ity  or  Count"  of  New  York,  whose  official  duties,  at  the  time,  prevent  his  attendance  as  a  luror  A  Con- 
fiSl  of  a  foreign  nation  A  captkiu,  engineer,  or  other  officer  actually  employed  upon  a  vessel  maklngrcgula^ 
trins-  a  licensed  pilot  actually  fol  owUig  that  calling.  A  superintendent,  conductor,  or  engineer  employ^ 
hvlVai  road  company  other  tlian  a  sti°eet  railroad  company,  or  a  telegraph  operator  employed  by  a  press 
MsoclatlororteSlraph  company  who  is  actually  doing  duty  In  an  office  or  along  the  railroad  or  telegraph 
Ihifi  of  the  pompanv  or  association  by  which  he  is  employed.  Honorably  discharged  firemen.  Active  and 
hSnorably  dffirgedmmtiame  1  and  active  members  of  the  Old  Guard.,  A  duly  licensed  engineer  of  steam 
bSilCTS  actually  employed  as  such.  Inspectors,  poll  clerks,  and  ballot  clerks,  or  a  person  who  Is  physically 
Incapable.    Grand.  Sheriffs,  Special,  and  Municipal  Court  Jurors. 

COUNTY   OF  THE  BRONX. 
The  mw  of  the  County  of  the  Bron.-:,  recently  created,  is  the  .same  as.\Ianhattan.  with  the  exception 
that,  thco  are  no  special  jurors  io  the  Broii.t. 


858 


Principal  Clubs  in  New  York  City. 


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New  York  City  F Laces  oj  Amusement. 


NEW    YORK    CITY    PLACES    OF    AMUSEMENT. 

THEATRES   IN   MANHATTAN     (.Seating  Capacity  in  Parentheses,'. 


ApoUo  CiSc),  47 th  St.  and  B'way. 
Astor  (IMl),  B'way  and  45th  St. 
Bandbo-.  (294),  57th  St.  nr.  3d  Ave. 
Belasc  /  (1,000),  44th  St.  nr.  B'way. 
Belmont  (Norworth),  121  W.  48th. 
Bijou  (New,  589),  45th  nr.  B'way 
Booth  (708),  45th  St.,  nr.  B'way 
Bramhall  (206),  138  W.  27th  St 
Broadhurst  (1,118),  45th  nr.  B'way 
Broadway  (1,687),  B'way  &  41st  St. 
Bronx  Opera  House  (1,880).  149th 

St.,  near  3d  Ave. 
Burland  (985), '985  Prospect  Ave. 
Candler  (1,051),  226  W  42d  St. 
Casino  (1,477),  B'way  and  39th  St. 
Century  (1,051),  Central  Park  West 

and  67th  St. 
Century  Roof  (422),  Central  Park 

West,  62d  to  63d  St. 
Cohan  &  Harris  (1,111),  42d  St.,  nr 

7th  Ave. 
Cohan's,  Geo.  M.   (1,111),  B'way 

and  43d  St. 
Columbia  (1,313),  7th  Ave.  &  47th. 
Comedy  (718),  41st  St.,  nr.  6th  Ave 
Cort  (1,043),  48th  St.,  nr.  B'way 
Criterion  (886),  B'way  and  44th  St, 
Deutsch,  Irving  PI.  (1,133),  7  Irving 

PI. 
Elliott,  INlaxine  (938),  39th  St.,  nr 

B'way. 
Eltinge  (829),  42d  St.,  nr.  B'way 
Empire,  Man.  (1,099),  B'way  and 

40th  St. 
Forty-eighth    St.    (969),  48th  St., 

near  B'way. 
Forty-fourth  St.  (1,323),   44th  St., 

near  B'way. 
Frohmau  (CSias.)  Inc.,  and  David 

Beluseo  theatres — Empire,  B'way 

&  40th  St.;  Lyceum,  45th  St.,  m'. 

B'nay. 


Fulton  (913),  46th  St.,  nr.  B'way 

Gaiety   (806),  B'tvay  and  48tli  St 

Garden  (1,092),  Mad.  Ave.  &  27th. 

Garrick  (737),  63  W.  3oth  St. 

Globe  (1,190),  B'way  &  46th  St. 

Greenwich  Village  (388),  4th  St.  & 
7th  Ave. 

Harris  (770),  42d  St.,  nr.  8th  Ave 

Hippodrome    (4,623),    6th   Ave.   & 
43d  St. 

Hudson  (1,077),  44th  nr.  6th  Ave 

Irving  Place  (1,133),  Irving  PI.  & 
15th  St. 

Kessler's    (1,896);   Roof    (817),   35 
2d  Ave. 

Klaw  and  Erlanger  theatres  in  Man- 
hattan— George  M.  Cohan's, 
B'way  &  43d  St.;  Liberty,  42d  St., 
W.  of  B'way;  New  Amsterdam 
42d  St.,  W.  of  B'way;  Gaiety 
5'way  &  46th  St.;  Knicker- 
bocker, B'way  &  38th  St. 

Knickerbocker    (1,412),    B'way    & 
38th.St. 

Liberty  (1,234),  42d  St.,  nr.  B'way 

Little  (299),  238  W.  44th  St. 

Loew's  7th  Ave.   (1,542),   124th  &' 
7th  Ave. 

Longacre  (1,019),  48th  nr.  B'way. 

Lyceum  (957),  45th  St.,  nr.  B'way. 

Lyric  (1,472),  42d  St.,  ur.  7th  Ave. 

Madison    Square   Garden    (1,092), 
Mad!,?on  Ave.  and  27th  St. 

Manhattan   Opera   House    (3,246), 
B'way  and  40th  St. 

Mayo  (800),  W.  42d  St. 

Metropolitan  Opera  House  (3,306), 
B'way  and  40th  St. 

Millers,  Henry  (541),  124  W.  43d  St. 

Miner's  Bronx  (1,772),  3d  Ave.  and 
156th  St. 

Morosco  (893),  217  W.  45th  St. 


AeoUan  HaU  (1,310),  34  W.  43d  St. 
Brush  Stadium  (38,000),  Polo  Gr'ds. 
Carnegie  HaU  (2,632),  7th  Ave.  & 
57th  St. 


MANHATTAN    HALLS,    STADIUMS, 

Carnegie  Lyceum,  Carnegie  Hall. 
Grand  pentral  Palace  (1,200),  Lex- 
IngtoU  Ave.  &  46th  St. 


New  Amsterdam  (1702),  4Jd  St., 
near  7th  Ave. 

Norworth  (Belmont),  121  W.  48th. 

Park  (1,520);  Roof  (420),  2  Colum- 
bus Circle. 

Playhouse   (879),  48th  nr.  B'way. 

Princess  (299),  39th  St.,  nr.  6th  Ave. 

Punch  &  Judy  (299),  49th  St..  near 
7th  Ave. 

Republic  (901),  42d  St.,  nr.  B'wav, 

Selwyn  (1,100).  W.  42d  St. 

Selwyn  theatres  in  Manhattan  (all 
on  W.  42d  St.) — The  Harris,  the 
Mayo,  the  Selwyn,  and  the 
Times  Square. 

Shubert  (1,396),  44th  St.,  ur.  B'way. 

Shubert  theatres  In  Manhattan — 

,  Aator,  B'way  &  45th  St.;  Booth. 
W.  45th  St.;  Broadhurst,  44th  St.. 
W.  of  B'way;  Casino,  B'way  & 
39th  St.;  the  Fourth-fourtli  St., 
nr.  B'way;  Lyric,  42d  St..  W.  of 
B'way;  Maxine  Elhott,  39th  St.', 
nr.  B'way;  Princess,  39tli  St.,  nr. 
B'way;  the  Shubert,  44th  St.,  W. 
of  B'way;  the  Thirty-ninth  St., 
nr.  B'way;  the  Apollo,  B'way  & 
47th  St.;  Bijou,  209  W.  45th  St.; 
the  Broadway,  1441  B'way; 
Comedy,  40  W.  41st  St.;  Morosco, 
217  W.  45th  St.;  Plymouth,  230 
W.  45th  St.;  Winter  Garden.  1646 
B'way. 

Standard  (1,416),  B'way  &  90th  St. 

Thirty-ninth  St.  (673),  39th  St.,  nr. 
B'way. 

Thomashefsky  (1,901).  111-17  E. 
Houston  St. 

Times  Square  (1,000),  W.  42d  St. 

Winter  Garden  (1,493),  B'w.iy  & 
60ih  St. 

ETC. 

Madison  Square  Garden,  Madison 

Ave.  &  26th  St. 
Stadium,    City    College    (17,000), 

Amsterdam  Ave.  &  13Ctli  St 


MANHATTAN   AND   BRONX   VAUDEVILLE   THEATRES   AND    MOTION   PICTURE   HOUSES. 


Academy  of  Music  (2,598),  I4th  St. 

&^ving  PI. 
AdeJphi,  (980),   B'way  &  89th  St. 
Alhambra  (1,382),  7th  Ave.&  126th. 
American  (1.695);  Roof  (1,154),  8th 

Ave.  &  42d  St. 
Apollo  (1,153),  7th  Ave.  &  125th  St. 
Arena   (928),,  623  8th  Ave. 
Audubon  (2,638),  B'way  &  165th. 
Avenue  B  (1,796),  Ave.  B  &  5th  St. 
Boulevard  (2,087),  Southern  Boule- 
vard   &    Westchester   Ave. 
Bronx    (1,682),     Melrose    Ave.    & 

150th  St. 
Bronx  Strand    (1,184),   827   West- 

cnester  Ave. 
Bunny,  and  Roof  (702-642),  3689 

B'way. 
Circle   (1,671),  B'way  &  60th   St. 
City  (2,378),  114  E.  14th  St. 
Claremont  (1,100),  B'way  &  135th. 
Colenip.n's   (729),  745  Westchester 

.■Vve. 
Colonial  (1,474),  B'way  &  62d  St. 
Cressccut  (1,717),  1175  Boston  Rd. 
Crotoua  (2,210),  Tremont  Ave,  nr. 

Park  Ave. 
Delancey  Street  (1,776),  Delaucey 

&  Suffolk  Sts. 
Eighth  Ave.    (953),   312   8th  Ave. 
Eighty-flrst  St.    (2,015),  B'way   & 

81st  St. 
Eighty-sixth  St.   (1,406),  86th  St. 

nr.  3d  Ave. 
Empire"  (1,660),    864    Westchester 

Ave. 


FoUies  (1,790),  Melrose  Ave.  nr. 
149th  St. 

Fox's  theatres — Crotona  (2,210), 
Tremont  &  Park  Aves.;  Riviera 
(1,730),  B'way  &  97th  St.;  Nemo 
(871),  2834  B'way;  Audubon 
(2,638),  B'way  &  165th  St.;  Star 
(2,372),  Lex.  Ave.  &  107th  St.; 
Washington  (1,517),  149th  St.  & 
Amsterdam  Ave.;  City  (2,378) 
114  E.  14th  St.;  Academy  of 
Music  (2,598),  14th  St.  &  Irving 
PI. 

Fourteenth  St.  (1,111),  14th  St.,  mv 
6th  Ave. 

Garden  (601),  2755  Webster  Ave 

Grand  Opera  House  (2,048),  8th 
Ave.  &  23d  St. 

Greeley  Square  (1,899),  6th  Ave.  & 
30th  St. 

Hamilton  (1,792),  B'way  &  146th 

Harlem  Opera  House  (1,625),  I25th 
St-,  m-.  7th  Ave. 

Hurtlg  &  Seamon's  (1,755),  125th 
St.,  nr.  8th  Ave. 

Jefferson  (1,921),  14th  St.,  nr.  2d 
Ave. 

Keith  liouses  in  Manhattan  and 
Bronx — Alhambra,  7th  Ave.  & 
126th  St.;  Colouial,  B'way  &  62d 
St.;  Harlem  Opera  House,  205  W. 
125th  St.;  Paiiice.  3'way  &  47th 
St.:  Ris-erside.  B'way  Ji  96th  St.; 
Royal.  Westehestt?r  &  Bergen 
Avos. 

Lafajv:-  (l.J'.V'O,  7th  Ave.,  nr. 
Vi-IA  St. 


Le-xington  (2,559),  Lex.  Ave.  A-  5lRt. 

Lincoln  Square  (l,581),.B'.way  nr. 
66th  St. 

Loew's  Forty-second  St.  (1,317), 
132  E.  42d  St.;  Loew's  One  Htm- 
dred  and  Sl.xteenth  St.  (1.809), 
132  W.  116th  St.;  Loew's  Ameri- 
can (1,695);  Roof  (1,104),  8th 
Ave.  &  42d  St.;  Loew'.s  Ave.  B 
(2,000),  Ave.  B  &  5th  St.!  Loew's 
Boulevard  (2,063) ,  Southern  Bou- 
levard &  Westchester  Ave.; 
Loew's  Circle  (1,700),  60th  yt.  & 
B'way;  Loews  Delancey  St. 
(1,900),  at  Suffolk  St.;  Loew's 
Elghty-sl.\th  St.  (3,000),  at  3d 
Ave.;  Loew's  Greeley  .Square 
(2,160),  30th  St.  &  6th  Ave.; 
Loew's  Lincoln  Square  (1.859), 
66th  St.  &  B'way;  Loew's  Na- 
tional (2,484),  149th  St.  & 
Bergen  Ave.;  Loew's  New  York 
(5,000),  B'way  &  53d  St.;  Loew's 
Orpheum  (1,400),  87th  St.  nr. 
3d  Ave.;  Loew's  Victoria  (3,100K 
125th  St.  &  7th  Ave.;  Loew's 
Seventh  Ave  (1,656),  124t.h  St. 
&  7th  Ave.;  Loew's  West  End 
(1,800),  125th  St.,  w.  of  7th 
Ave.;  Loew's  YorkviUe  (1.800). 
157  E.  86th  St. 

McKlnley  Square  (1,464),  BoatOQ 
Rd.,  nr.  169th  St. 

Majestic  Roof  (700),  livo  St. 
Nicholas  Ave. 

Manhattan  (895>;  Roof  (6*3),  StW 
Aia-rrnattan  As>,\ 


Why  New  York  and  London  Busses  Kill  People. 


861 


NKW'  YORK  CITY  PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENTS— Co«2i««erf. 


Metropolis   (1,150),  2652   3d  Ave. 
Mount  Mon-is  (1,501),  oth  Ave.  & 

116th  St. 
National   (2,333),  Berge^  Ave.  & 

149th  St. 
National    Winter    Garden     (983), 

111-17  E.  Houston  St. 
Nemo  (871),  2834  B'way. 
New  Yorit  (1,633),  1520  B'way. 
Olympla  (1,250),  2778  B'way. 
Olympic  (758),  143  E.  14tli  St. 
Orpheum  (2,400),  3d  Ave.,  86-87th. 
Palace  (1,733),  B'way  &  47th  St. 
People's  (1,612),  201  Bowery. 
Plaza  (1,600),  Madison  Ave.  &  59th. 
Plazii  GariicDS  (298),  1277  5th  Ave. 
I'lyniouth   (965),  60  W.   116th  St.- 


Proctor's  (1,654),  Le.x.  Ave.  &125tU. 

Proctor's  Fifth  Ave.  (1,315),  B'way 
&  28th  St. 

Proctor's  Fifty-eighth  St.  (1,617), 
58th  St.,  ni-.  3d  Ave. 

Prospect  (1,.500),  Prospect  &  V>'^est- 
chester  Aves. 

Regent  (1,830),  7th  Ave.  &  116th. 

Rialto  (1,960),  7th  Ave.  &  42d  St. 

Riverside  (1,760),  B'way  &  96th  St. 

Riverview  (1,032),  2633  B'way. 

Riviera  (1,730),  B'way  &  97th  St. 

Rivoli  (2,206),  1620  Broadway. 

Royal  (2,500),  Westchester  &  Ber- 
gen Avcs. 

Savoy  (700).  112  W.  34th  St. 


fepooner  (1,810),  963  Southern  Blvd. 
Star  (2,372),  Lex.  Ave.  &  107th  St. 
Strand  (2,989),  B'way  &  47th  St.. 
Tremont  (987),  1942  Wehstei-  Ave. 
Tlfiany    (601);    Roof    (582),    100? 

Tiffany  St. 
Union  Square  (1,023),  56  E.  14th  St. 
Victoria' (1,500),  125th  St.,  m.  t:t,h. 
Washington  (1,517),  1805  An.ster- 

dam  Ave. 
West  End  (864),  125th  St.,  u'  Si. 

Nicholas  Ave. 
Weber's,  1221  Broadway. 
Webster    (864),    Webster   Ave.    A 

107th  St. 
YorlvyiUe  (1,165),  157  K.  'MH.h  Si. 


BROOKLYN   AND    QUEENS   AMUSEMENT   PLACES. 


Academy  of  Music  (2,207),  Lafay- 
ette Ave.  &  St.  Felix  St. 

Alhambra    (1^020),    7872    Knicker- 
bocker Ave. 

American  Music  Hall  (500),  105th 
St.  &  Ocean  Ave..  Q. 

Amphlon  (1,510),  Bedford  Ave.,  ui". 
South  10th  St. 

Atlantic  (294),  2310  Atlantic  Ave. 

Bay  Ridge  (1,796).  3d  Ave.  &  72d. 

Bedford    (1,931),   Bedford   Ave.  & 
Bergen  St. 

Bijou  a,570).  Smith  &  Livingston 
Sts. 

Brighton  Beach  Music  Hall  (1,845), 
Brighton  Beaeli. 

Broadway  (2,088),  B'way  &  Myrtle. 

Bushwiok  (2,208),  B'way  &  Howard. 

Casino   (1,473),   Flatbush  Ave.  & 
State  St. 

Cedar  (605),  3923  Jamaica  Ave.,  Q. 

Century  (952),  1162  Nostrand  Ave. 

Columbia     (886),     Washington    * 
Tillary  Sts. 

Comedy  (1,186),  194  Grand  St. 

Crescent  (1,529),  460  Hudson  Ave. 

De  Kalb  (2,242),  De  Kalb  Ave.  & 
B'way. 

Duffleld  (921),  249  Duffield  St. 

Electra  (682),  7418-20  3d  Ave. 

Empire   (2,000),   B  way   &  Ralph. 

Evergrce'n  (1,121),  926  Seneca  Ave 
Queeas. 

Family  (284),  101^3  Union  St. 

Fifth  Avetrne  (1,()40),  5th  Ave.  A- 
4th  St.  ^^      , 

Flatbush  (1,695),  Flat'sh  &  Chui-ch 

Folly  (1,998),  21  Graham  Ave. 

Fox's  Comedy  (1,086),  194  Grand 

Fox's  Folly  (1,998),  Graham  Ave. 
&  Debevolse  St. 

Fulton   (1,528),  Fulton  St.  &  No- 
strand  Ave. 

Garden  (1,050),  4564  Jamaica  Ave. 
Queens. 

Garden  Roof  (810),  4564  Jamaica 
Ave.,  Queens. 

Gayety  (1,630),  B'way  &  Throop 


Gold  (907),  635-37  Broadway. 

Gotham  (1,086),  Fulton  St.  &  Ala- 
bama Ave. 

Grand  Opera  House  (1,498),  Elm 
PI.,  nr.  Fulton  St. 

Greenpoint  (1,810),  M.anliattau 
Ave.  &  Calyer  St. 

Halsey  (2,262),  Halsey  St.  &  B'way. 

Hamilton  (938).  Hamilton  Ave.  & 
Hicks  St. 

Henderson's  Music  Hal!  (845), 
Bowery,  Coney  Island. 

Howe's  Brownsville,  482  Hopkinson 
Ave. 

Jamaica  (1,742),  314  Fulton  St., 
Jamaica,  Queens. 

Keeuey's  (2,506),  Livingston  St.  & 
Hanover  Place. 

Keith's  theatres  In  Brooklyn^- 
Bushwick,  B'way  &  Howard 
Ave.<  Greenpoint,  Calyer  St.  & 
M.anhattan  Ave.;'Orplieum,  Ful 
ton  St.,  nr.  Flatbush  Ave.;  Pros- 
pect, 9th  St.,  nr.  6th  Ave.;  Madi- 
son, Howard  Ave.  &  Madison  St.; 
Monroe,  Howard  Ave.  &  Monroe 
St. 

Lee  Avenue  (1,201),  Lee  Ave.  & 
RoebUng  St. 

Liberty  (1,467),  Liberty  St.  A 
Watkins  Ave. 

Linden   (9'20),   815   Flatbush   Ave 

Loew's  theatres  in  Brooklyn- 
Bijou,  (1,570),  Smith  &  Living- 
ston Sts.;  Broadway  (2,088), 
B'way  &  Myrtle  Ave.;  P^ilton 
(1,528),  Fulton  St.  &  Nostrand 
Ave.;  De  Kalb  (2,242),  De  Kalb 
.\ve.,  nr.  B'way;  Palace  (2,200) 
Douglas  St.  &  E.  N.  Y.  Ave. 
Warwick  (1,446),  Jerome  &  Til- 
lary Sts. 

Lyceum   (941),   84  Montrose  Ave. 

Lyric  (934),  16-20  Seigel  St. 

Madison  (569),  How.ird  Ave.  & 
Madison  St. 

Majestic  (1,826),  Fulton  St.  & 
Rockwell  Place. 


Monroe  St.   (600),  Monroe  isi..   & 

Howard  Ave. 
Montauk  (1,409),  Hanover  Pi.,  nr. 

Fulton  St. 
Morrison  (1,040),  Ocean  Ave.,  BalJi 

Beach. 
Myrtle  (832),  1374  Myrtle  A\e. 
Mystic  (299),  5108-10  3d  Ave. 
New  Brighton  (1,526),  Ocean  Park- 
way &  Sea  Breeze. 
Novelty  (975),  786  Driggs  Ave. 
Olympic    (1,546),    Adams   St.,    nr. 

Fulton  St. 
Orpheum    (1,874),    FuItOD    St.    A 

Rockwell  Place. 
Oxford    (689),    Flatbush    Ave.    A 

State  St. 
Palace   (2,200),  E.   N.  Y.  Ave.   A.- 
Douglas St. 
Parkslde  (599),  728  Flatbush  Ave. 
Prospect (2 ,430) ,  Oth  St.,nr.  5th  Ave. 
Putnam  (828),  966  Fulton  St. 
Rialto  (1,436),  Flatbush  Ave.  and 

Canarsie  Laue. 
Ridgewood    (2,199),    Cypress    and 

Myitis  Aves. 
Royal  (777),  15  WiUoughby  St. 
Sheffield    (1,325),   308-10   Sheffield 

Ave.','   •^'  .       '■  ■'  '  - 

Shubert  .(U766),,850.jMoi>roe  St. 
Star  (1,437),  Jay  and  Fulton  Sts.' 
Sumner.  (976),  269-71  Sumr.ci- Ave. . 
Sumner  Root  (1,134),  269-71  SUrtir 

ner  Ave.  . ,  *, ;  •  ■  '    - 

Steinway  '  (894),     SteiD^^ay'  '  av<> 

Jamaica  Aves,,  Q.:  ■ '  - 

T.  N.  P.  (625),  597  ifiast  16tn  S<:''' 
Teller's  Shubert  K 1  .SOO)  ,i  Broad-way  • 

and  Monroe;  St.  i  ■       ■, )   ;■■.•;:.• 
Triangle  <(1 ,550) ,-  Flatbual)  Ave,  .mil; 

Fulton.St.    ■,  i,  ,-,;; 

Universal  (572), 162-166  16tli  St.> 
Warwick      (1,446),    .Fulton      ami 

Jerome  Sts. 
West  End:{848),  6128  New  Utrecht 

AvG 
Wl)ltuey4728) ,  829  Fresh  Pond  R'd 


WHY  NEW  YORK  AND  LONDON  BUSSES  KILL  PEOPLE. 

President  Ritchie  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Coach  Company  stated.  In  an  article,  that  the  London  "Bu- 
Company  kills  thirteen  times  as  many  passengers  as  the  New  York  Company.  Accidents  cost  the  Flftn 
Avenue  Coach  Company  about  $150,000  a  year,  or  at  the  rate  of  S70  per  accident,  whereas  previously 
ttils  reckoning  showed  only  S50  per  accident.  This  occasioned  study  to  determine  the  causes  of  the  increase. 
Considering  all  drivers  (enginemen)  on  the  same  basis,  the  average  cost  pw  driver  is  S335.  It  has  been 
determlBed  that  86  per  cent,  of  all  accidents  were  caused  by  new  men.  The  statistics  also  showed  thai 
the  new  men  cost  the  company,  on  an  average,  $645  a  year  per  man  in  accidents,  the  old  employes  averag- 
ing for  this  only  S105,  which  would  Indicate  tliat  tho  experienced  man  is  six  times  as  efficient  as  a  new  man_ 
■I^e  statistics  further  show  that  the  old  men  average  an  accident  once  in  eight  months,  and  ttie  new  m&a 
one  accident  in  every  forty  days.  As  a  genei'al  average  It  Is  estimated  that  there  is  an  accident  foi  each 
ipan  every  seventy-two  days.  The  number  of  passengers  carried  has  increased  from  two  to  twenty-au 
million  per  year.  During  this  period  the  pay  of  the  men  has  increased  from  30  cents  an  hour  and  no  extra 
pay  to  42  ■  2  cents  per  hour,  .some  working  from  8'/i  to  10  hours  per  day. 


8fi2 


New  York  Aco.de nv/  of  Medicine. 


CUSTOMS    DISTRICT    OF    NEW    YORK— ITS    FOREIGN    COMMERCE. 

(.Statement  of  foreign  commerce  for  the  fiscal  year  enclUig  June  30,  1918,  compared  with  the  year  eail- 
in?  June  30.  1917.) 

GOLD  AND  SILVER. 


iMPORTfi.                                 1 

IC 

■ci'ORTS,  Domestic. 

Exports,  Foreign. 

1916. 

1917. 

1910. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

July.... 

$19,402,560 

$1,718,327 

July .... 

$11,969,105 

$20,369,614 

July .... 

$341,133 

$50,132 

Augmt . 

2.835,484 

2,979,739 

August . 

9,874,053 

13,866,381 

August . 

91,519 

15,305 

Sept.... 

13.373,580 

1,906,567 

Sept...  . 

6,955,030 

12,065,674 

Sept... . 

360,586 

466,837 

Oct .... 

3.237,00,-. 

2,111,761 

Oct .... 

6,455,490 

8,743,045 

Oct 

250.850 

19,218 

Nov  — 

2,114,814 

2,767.919 

Nov 

16,344,541 

5,001,489 

Nov. . . . 

317,530 

105,067 

Dec  — 

3.047,120 

"1,818,781 

Dec 

22,781,718 

1,950,489 

Dec 

2,128,578 

347,906 

1917. 

1918. 

1917. 

1918. 

1917. 

1918. 

Jail .  . . . 

3,929.003 

2.479,794 

Jan .  ,  . . 

14,172,270 

2,533,192 

Jan .... 

530,915 

223,525 

F'eb,... 

2.172,697 

2,438,454 

Feb... . 

16,246,045 

.   5,083,369 

Feb.... 

3,016,334 

273,242 

March.. 

2,057,866 

1,234,774 

Marcli., 

13,055,001 

2,806,401 

March.. 

639,849 

788,706 

April . .  . 

1,478,467 

1,244,607 

April . ,  . 

5,369,818 

3,905,699 

April . .  . 

743,476 

261,933 

Wa.v . : . 

3.343,875 

1,977,648 

May ,  ,  , 

19,657,.574 

4,971,759 

May . .  . 

290,394 

241.403 

June .  .  . 

1.881,215 

1.649.563 

June . . 

15,356,927 

4,599,552 

June. . . 

336,811 

1,200,248 

$58,873,716 

$24,327,934 

$1.18.237,884 

$85,886,664 

$9,047,995 

$3,993,522 

MERCHANDISE 


Import^. 

]■; 

VPORTS,     DOMB.'^TIC.                  | 

Exports,  Foreign. 

1916. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917, 

1916. 

1917. 

July .... 

$95,614, 4:iO 

$95,692,666 

July . . . . 

$241,763,285 

$208,869,197 

July .... 

$2,442,571 

$1,312,706 

August . 

107,921,047 

119,531,660 

August . 

270,307,6.-)2 

177,491,421 

August . 

2,269,911 

1,122,948 

Sept.... 

80,486,31 1 

99,805.185 

Sept..   . 

263,811,7.54 

240,813,778 

Sept...  . 

3,013.786 

1,288,302 

Oct ...  . 

89,356,495 

91,319.466 

Oct 

235,976,8.59 

218,377,029 

Oct ...  . 

2,495,116 

1,531.683 

Nov  — 

87,639,487 

89,530,607 

Nov 

232,296,175 

268, .566,568 

Nov 

.  1,512,557 

1,562,221 

Dec .... 

102,935,533 

91,511,471 

.Dec . . 

226,656,210 

205,919,146 

Dec .... 

1,517,301 

3,548,216 

1917. 

1918. 

1917. 

1918. 

1917. 

1918. 

Jan .... 

128,344.239 

88,164.970 

Jan ... 

302,136,:i27 

244, .560,323 

Jan .... 

1,967,437 

3,643,401 

Feb.,. 

97,831,888 

94,303,099 

Feb.. . . 

222,352,069 

167,136,944 

Feb ... . 

1,104,014 

1,576;238 

March  . 

147,901,883 

98,360,412 

March. . 

259,635,457 

247,802,0.58 

March. . 

1,037,031 

3,623,010 

April  . . 

126,801,160 

121,564,991 

April . . 

202,610,658 

185,810,437 

April . .  . 

1,223,821 

5,909,012 

May   . . 

118,850,759 

149,434,134 

May.  .  . 

244,143,330 

214,873.278 

May. .  . 

1,818,168 

4.146,470 

June. . . 

154,901,984 

112.622,429 

June . . 

274,148,778 

201,932,015 

June . . . 

2,769,299 

3.381,984 

$1,338,588,225 

$1,251,842,010 

$3,035,338,584 

$2,582,182,184 

$23,171,012 

$32,546,191 

MERCHANDISE. 


Withdrawn  from  Warehouse. 

Duties,  Coixected. 

MlSCELLANEOTTS    RECEIPTS. 

1916. 

1917. 

1916. 

1917. 

«1916. 
$103,042.61 

1917. 

July   ... 

$9,483,862 

$7,357,311 

July.... 

$11,274,239.79 

$11,190,793.76 

i\i\y .... 

$120,454.60 

AugtISt . 

10.688,526 

6.836,575 

August . 

12,310,453,.59 

10,584,750.03 

Aui;ust 

163,460.11 

130,109.91 

Sept.... 

15,454,36(1 

8,1!)3,I71 

Sept...  . 

11,418,041,27 

9,469,365.45 

Sept...  . 

136,697.42 

105,614.34 

Oct .... 

13:062,844 

7,017,150 

Oct .... 

13,360,669,92 

9,548,029.12 

Oct .... 

182,747.12 

118,047.69 

No%^... 

11,666,081 

10,355.694 

Nov 

12,748,771:43 

8,753,213.63 

Nov 

133,572.27 

,   .  107,027.10 

Dec .  .  .  : 

11,390.462 

7,169.058 

Dec .... 

12,166,340.50 

7,142,266.24 

Dec .... 

152,762.75 

■  •89,786.99 

1917. 

1918. 

1917. 

1918. 

1917. 

1918. 

Jan .... 

10,606i623 

6.540,858 

Jan .... 

13,410.653.95 

7,488,551.26 

Jan .... 

135,868.37 

139,024.00 

Feb.... 

•       10,537.154 

6.401,820 

Feb 

10,780,829.79 

8,194,345.78 

Feb 

129,599.45 

81,f74.79 

March  . 

13,188,416 

8.537,964 

March. . 

13,311.322.16 

9,870,167.,56 

March.. 

155,785.09 

92,330.25 

April . .  . 

13,801,778 

7,698,046 

AprU . .  . 

14,017,701.98 

10,525,970.90 

April. 

112,233.58 

132,074.62 

May .  .  . 

25,637, 5.-12 

8,871,552 

May .  .  . 

18,783,967.50 

12,162,731.11 

May . .  . 

654,031.94 

118.879.28 

June . . . 

8.441,484 

7,982,404 

June . . . 

10,256,4  in ..58 

10,665,910.23 

June . . . 

149,883.42 

152,602.56 

$1,53,959.117 

$92,921,603 

$1.53,869,4(1.46 

$115, .596,095.07 

$2,261,684.13 

$1,387,146.13 

TOTAL  Receipts — Fisi'ut  Year  Emliug  .lunc  30. 


Duties  collected  on  merchandise 

1917. 
$153,869,441.46 
2,261,684.13 

Duties  collected  on  merchandise 

1918. 
$115,396,095.07 
1,387,146.13 

Tot:ll 

Total ■ 

$156,131, 125..59 

$116,933,241.20 

NEW    YORK    MILK    COMMITTEE. 

Organized  inn'fi  by  tlie  New  York  As.socii)tioii  for  Improving  the  Condition  of  the  Poor.  Its  purpose 
being  lo  create  through  education  and  publicity,  a  public  demand  for  a  clean  and  safe  milk  suppl>-  for  all 
and  to  prevent  unnecessary  Ios.s  of  infant  lite.  General  offices,  105  East  Twenty-second  Street,  New  York 
City  Chairman — Stei>hen  C.  Williams.  Treasurer — Thomas  S.  McLane.  Secretary — J.  H.  I.arsoa. 
i\fciti<iij  ntreclors—'lli-    Philip  Van  Ingen  and  Dr.  Herbert  B.  Wilcox. 


NEW    YORK    ACADEMY    OF    MEDICINE. 

Prcaident — Waller  B.  James,  M.  D.  Firat  Vice-Presidhit — George  D.  .Stewart,  M.  D.  Second  Vice- 
PresiUcnt — Edwin  B.  Cragin,  M.  D.  'Diird  Vice-President — John  A.  Hartwell,  M.  D.  Acting  Recording 
Secretary — Royal  S.  Haynes,  M.  D.  Corresponding  Secretary — D.  Bryson  Delavan,  M.  D.  Treasurer — 
Setli  M.  MllHken,  M.  D.  Statistical  Secretary — Arthur  M.  Jacobtis.  M.  D.  Acting  Assistant  Secretary — 
W.  1,.  Stowell.  Resident  Librarian  and  Superintendent — John  S.  BroAvne.  Trusteh — W.  Gilman  Thompson, 
M.  D..^Clmirman■,  Chas.  L.  Dana,  M,  D.:  Arpad  G.  Gerster.  M.  D.;  Nattian  E.  BrlU,  ISI.  D.;  L.  Emamett 
HoU.  M.D. 


JQistrict  Leaders,  New  York  City. 


863 


■  ■■  DISTRICT     LEADERS,     NEW     YORK     CITY' 
MANHATTAN. 

TainniaQy — Headquarters,  Ta,mm&ny  Hall,  145  East  14th  Street.  Chairman — Edward 'F.  Bdyle; 
Treasurer — PiilUp  F.  Donohue;  Secretary — Tliomas  F.  Smith;  Executive  Committee — Democratic  Counts 
Committee. 


ASS'T 
DiST; 


7 
8 
9 

30 

11 


Name. 


./Daniel  E.  Finn. ... 
\  Thomas  F.  Foley . . 
J  Max  S.  Levine .... 

1  Harry  C.  Perry. . . . 
Charles  W.  OuLkln. 
Frank  J.  Goodwin.. 
William  Dalton 
John  F.  Ahearn. .  . . 

\  P.  J.  Scully 

(Peter  J.  DooUng. . . 
<  Thomas  J.  McManus 

(  John  F.  Curry 

David  Lazarus 

James  J.  Hagan 

Solomon  Goldenkranz.. 
Roswell  D.  Williams.. . 
I  George  W.  Olvany. . 
\  George  L.  Donnellan 


Address. 


221  Hudson  Street. 
59  Madison  Street. 
263  Gi-and  Street. 
161  Bowery. 
303  West  12th  Street. 
267  West  25th  Street. 
271  West  33d  Street. 

I  290  East  Broadway. 

315  West  42d  Street. 
728  Ninth  Avenue. 
413  West  57th  Street. 
247  Seventh  Street. 

131  West  64th  Street. 
42  Second  Avenue. 

132  AVest  97th  Street. 
139  West  14th  Street. 
104  West  47th  Street. 


James  J.  Hlnes. (292    Manhattan    Ave. 


Ass'Y 

DiST. 


12 

13 

14 
15 
16 
17 

18 

19 
20 
21 
22 
23 


Name. 


Charles  F.  Murphy.. 
Michael  J.  Cruise.. . 
Edward  F.  Boyle.  . . 
John  H.  O'Conneil.. .. 

I  John  V.  Coggey.  .  .  . 

\  William  C.  Blanejr . . 
Jeremiah  T.  Mahoney. 

I  Stephen  Ruddy 

\  Michael  Cosgrove... 

/  Nathan  Burkan.  . ,  . 

\  Samuel  Marx 

/  John  J.  Dletz 

1  H.  Warren  Hubbard. 

William  Allen 

Frank  J.  Hendrick. .  . 
Edmund  P.  Holuhan. 
Jos.  J.  McCormiek. . . 
John  Mara 


Address. 


345  Second  Avenue. 
226  East  32d  Street. 
760  Third  Avenue. 
316  West  125th  Street. 
232  East  68th  Street. 
222  East  71st  Street. 
135  East  78th  Street. 
334  East  79th  Street. 
326  East  86th  Street.  ■ 
1670  Madison  Avenue. 
46  West  H6th  Street. 
1600  Lexington  Ave. 
208  East  116th  Street. 
2043  Seventh  Avenue. 
2310  Third  Avehue. 
250  West  145th  Street. 
3530  Broadway. 
GOO  West  181st  Street. 


WOMEN   ASSOCIATE   TAMMANY   LEADERS,    MANHATTAN. 


Asfi'y 

DIST. 


(> 

7 

8 

9 

JO 

n 


Name. 


Mrs.  Margaret  Fay . 

Mrs.  Thos.  J.  Nolan. 

Mrs.  B.  Porges 

Miss  Elvira  E.  Barra 

Mrs.  W.  E.  Murphy. 

Mrs.  Ellen  Downey . 

Mrs.  Mary  Halpin .... 

f  Mrs.  Jas.  Connelly. . 

\  Mrs.  B.  McCarthy. . 

1  Miss  Martha  Byrne. 

Mrs.  Benj.  Hoffman . . . 

Mrs.  N.  Taylor  Phillips 

Mrs.  Herman  Bauraan. 

Mrs.  Tloblns  A.  Lau. . . 

I  Mrs.  Jean  H.  Norris. 

\  Miss  Anna  Murphy . 

Mrs.  Julia  L.  Sanders. . 


Address. 


222  Spring  Street. 
9  Madison  Street. 
36  Rivlngton  Street. 
57  Kenmare  Street. 
360  W.  23d  Street. 
426  W.  34th  Street. 
296  E.  Broadway. 
468  W.  43d  Street. 
457  W.  49th  Street. 
133  W.  61st  Street.    • 
271  Seventh  Avenue. 
114  W.  74th  Street. 
79  E.  4th  Street. 
315  W.  94th  Street. 
Hotel  Martha  Wash. 
45  W.  32d  Street. 
476  Central  Pk  West. 


Ass'y 

DiST. 


12 

13 
14 
15 
16 
17 

18 

19 
20 
21 
22 
23 


Name. 


Miss  E.  M.  Barry... 
Miss  A.  Montgomery 
Mrs.  Mary  Hagerty . 
Mrs.  Abbey  S.  Hughes 
J  Mrs.  B.  O'Donnell. . 
\  Miss  M.  V.  Rooney. 

Mrs.  Ella  Hastings 

Mrs.  Mary  Russell. . 

Mrs.  A.  Naughton.-. 

Miss  R.  Rothenberg 

I  Mrs.  Gus.  J.  Paul. .. 

/  Mrs.  F.  S.  Ecker 

\  Mrs.  M.  J.  Quigley.. 
Miss  Anna  Matthews. . 

Mrs.  Kate  Kelly 

Miss  Rose  Helen  Fay.. 

Miss  E.  McCn'stal 

Mrs.  G.  H.  Wnlsh 


Address. 


322  Second  Avenue. 
145  E.  30th  Street. 
683  Third  Avenue. 
321  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 
321  E.  65th  Street. 
211  E.  59th  Street. 
7  E.  87th  Street. 
446  E.  79th  Street. 
245  E.  86th  Street. 
138  W.  112th  Street 
151  W.  117th  Street. 
1379  Lexington  Ave. 
114  E.  116th  Street. 
63  W.  127th  Street. 
160  E.  128th  Street. 
601  W.  139th  Street, 
567  W.  161st  Street. 
4241  Broadway. 


RepMbiican — Jlcidguarters,    105    West    40th    Street.     Chairman — Samuel    S.    Koenig.' .  Treasurer — 
Ogden  L  Mills.    Secretary — Clarence  H.  Fay.    Executive  Committee  of  the  Republican  County  Committee: 


assembly 
District. 


4. 
5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
31. 


12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 


Leader. 


/  Joseph  Levenson,  .East  District 

\  William  G.  Rose,  West  District. .  . 
J  Antonio  Dalessandro,  West  District 

Louis  Jacobson,  East  District 

Benjamin  F.  Fox,  Middle  District.  . 
Michael  H.  Blake,  North  District. . 
R.  M.  Greenhank,  South  District. . 

Alexander  Wolf 

J  Herman  W.  Beyer,  South  District.  . 
\  Anthony  P.  Ludden,  North  District 

Samuel  S.  Koenig '. . . , 

Albert  J.  Berwln 

Jacob  Samuel %  ■ 

Charles  E.  Heydt 

Clarence  Schmelzel 

Robert  P.  Levis 

William  Henkel,  South  District 

John  S.  Shea,  Middle  District 

Charles  K.  Lexow,  North  District .  . 

Valentine  J.  Hahn 

/  Joseph  Pablan,  South  District 

1  Herman  Hoffman,  North  District. . 

William  Chilvers 

i  Charles  W.  Ferry,  South  District. . 
\  Ambrose  O.  Neal,  North  District. . 

Robert  Oppenhelm 

I  Charles  B.  Largy,  North  District. . 
\  Benjamlfi  Swartz,  South  District . . 

John  J.  Lybns 

Frank  K.  Bowers.'. . . ; , 

Moses  M.  McKee . . '. 

John  A.  Bolles 

C.  H,  Woodward 


Headquarters. 


236  East  Broadway 

32  Macdougal  Street 

32  Macdougal  Street . . 

274  Grand  Street 

269  Eighth  Avenue 

265  West  34th  Street 

318  West  14th  Street 

464  Grand  Street 

307  West  47th  Street 

467  West  57th  Street 

44  Avenue  C 

2228  Broadway 

310  East  14th  Street 

157  West  97th  Street 

8  West  28th  Street 

550  West  113th  Street.  .  .  .• 

201  East  22d  Street 

234  East  31st  Street 

237  East  49th  Street 

324  St.  Nicholas  Avenue .  . 
324  East  72d  Street 

308  East  79th  Street 

1041  Madison  Avenue 

308  East  79th  Street ■ 

344  East  86th  Street 

69  West  113th  Street 

158  East  116th  Street 

1.536  Madison  Avenue 

23  West  124th  Street 

107  East  125th  Street 

474  West  141st  Street. . . . . 
1723  Amsterdam  Avenue. . 
573  West  181st  Street. . . . . 


Residence. 


148  Henry  Street. 
1 14  King  Street.    , 
30  Macdoiigftl  Street. 
64  Forsyth!  Street. 
402  West  29th  Street. "' 
440  Weat  43d  Street..-.-: 
309  West  14th  Street. 

464  Grand  Street.         ^ 

465  West  47th  Street. 
3411  West  56th  Street.  •. 
237  Seventh  Street.  ' 
176  West  87th  Street. 
316  Fifth  Street. 

267  West  89th  Street. 
54  West  40th  Street. 
210  West  110th  Street. 
339  East  18th  Street, 
157  East  31st  Street. 
515  Lexington  Avenue. 
458  West  131st  Street. 
525  East  72d  Street. 
226  East  68th  Street. 
Ill  East  54th  Street. 
349  East  78th  Street. 
419  East  84th  Street, 
1867  Seventh  Avenue. 
103  East  llGth  Street. 
169  East  105th  Street. 
2040  Seventh  Avenue. 
2071  Fifth  Avenue. 
275  West  140th  Street. 
135  Hamilton  Place. 
66  Pinehurst  Avenue. 


864 


District  Leaders,  New  York  City — CoiUinued. 


DISTRICT  LEADERS  OF    THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK— Conrtnwed. 


AS8EMBLY 
DlSTHICT. 

Leader. 

Headquarters. 

Office. 

19 

David  B.  Costuma 

200  Lenox  Avenue 

107  East  125th  Street 

201  West  139th  Street..".,. 
1723  Amsterdam  Avenue. . 
573  West  181st  Street 

3  East  40th  Street 

20 

21 

Prank  K.  Bowers 

Moses  M.  McKee 

Public  Service  Com.»  120  fi\v. 

S2 

Jolin  A.  Bolles 

154  Nassau  Strept 

23 

C.  H.  Woodward 

Tax  Department. 

WOMEN   ASSOCIATE 

HeaCQUarters,  105  West  40tli  Street. 
AisistaM  Secretary — Jessie  L.  Higgins. 


REPUBLICAN    LEADERS,    MANHATTAN. 
Chairman — Miss  Helen  Variclj  Boswell.  Secoutl  Vice-President. 


A8SEMBLT 
DiSTBICT. 

Leader. 

Headquartei's. 

Residence. 

t 

Miss  A.  I.  Malsel 

f  Mrs.  Louis  Jacobson 

236  East  Broadway 

274  Grand  Street 

247  East  Broadway. 
64  Forsyth  Sti-eet 

2 

1  Miss  Angela  Cflguolati 

32  Macdougal  Street 

269  Eighth  Avenue 

318  West  14th  Street.  .  .  . 

14  Macdougal  Street. 
357  West  22d  Street 

3 

Miss  Helen  nildebrandt 

345  West  15th  Street 

4 

464  Grand  Street 

5  Attorney  Street. 
340  West  47th  Street 

/  Mrs.  William  Wilson 

307  West  47  th  Street 

467  West  57th  Street 

44  Avenue  C 

.5 

1  Mrs  Frank  Enrico 

114  Weqt  fiSrt  Street 

6 

Mrs  JjOiiis  J  Schwartz 

309  Fourth  StTppt 

7 

Mrs.  Albert  H.  Gleason 

2228  Broadway .... 

171  West  71st  Street 

S     

Mrs.  Fx'ederlck  L.  iVIarshall 

310  East  14th  Sti-eet 

157  West  97th  Street 

8  West  28th  Street 

550  West  113th  Street.  .  .  . 

201  Er.si22d  Street 

237  East  49th  Sti-eet 

234  East  31st  Street 

324  St.  Nicholas  Avenue.  . 

324  East  72d  Street 

1041  Madison  Avenue 

344  East  86th  Street 

1664  Madison  Avenue 

69  West  113th  Street 

1536  M.idison  Avenue 

158  East  n6th  Street 

23  West  124th  Street 

107  East  125th  Sti-eet 

474  West  141st  Street 

1723  Amsterdam  Avenue. . 
573  West  181st  Street 

230  Fifth  Avenue 

9 

Mrs.  Frederick  D.  Losev 

227  Riverside  Drive 

10 

Mrs.  Olive  Stott  Gabriel 

45  West  11th  Street 

U 

Mrs.  William  E.  Wilkinson 

609  West  115th  Street 

f  Mr.s  I^illle  Mischel 

317  East  17th  Street 

12 

Miss  Edna.  Hahn 

.'?24  East  iiist  ftfTPPt; 

Airs  Elizabeth  Cudmore.  ,        .... 

216  East  39th  .Street 

J3 

Miss  Adele  Erb 

520  West  123d  Street 

14 

Mrs.  Marie  Semarad 

404  East  fi5th  Street 

1-5.. 

Mrs.  John  H.  Iseliu 

Mrs  Carl  H  Hackeit 

5Q  Ea^t  70th  Strppt 

16 

IRQ  East  S3d  Street 

17 

1  Miss  Anna  Liebowitz 

1827  Seventh  Avenue 

18 

J  Mrs.  Anna  P.  Levy 

120  East  103el  Street 

1  Mrs   Elizabeth  Pierce 

Ward's  Island 

19 

Miss  Clara  Stj'les 

2135  Spvpnth  Avpmip 

20 

Mrs.  Laura  B.  Prisk 

21 

Mrs.  J.  G.  Plieil 

22 

Mrs.  M  L,  Ogan 

513  AVest  144  th  fttrppt 

23 

Mrs.  Sidney  C.  Crat>c 

825  West  180th  Street. 

Deiwocratlc- 


BROOKLYN. 

-Executive  Committee  of  the  Kings  County  General  Coininillcc: 


Aas'Y 

DiST. 

Name. 

.\ddress. 

ASS'Y 
DiST. 

Name. 

.\ddress. 

1 

2 
3 

f  John  F.  Quayle 

l  James  J.  Browne .... 
Joseph  Feunelly 

350  Atlantic  Avenue. 
50  Johnson  Street. 
1401  Avenue  O. 
314  Clinton  Street. 
87  South  9th  Street. 
681  Monroe  Street. 
173  Tompkins  Avenue. 
594  Fourth  Avenue. 
375  Sackett  Street. 
450  Ovington  Avenue. 
241  Prospect  Place. 
678  Park  Avenue. 

12 
13 

14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

I'imothy  E.  Griffin — 

Alexander  Bas.sett 

Daniel  J.  Carroll 

James  A.  McQuade.  .  . 

John  J.  Ryan 

Peter  B.  Hanson 

John  H.  McCooey 

Henry  Hasenflug 

William  F.  Delauey . . . 
Henry  Hesterberg,  Jr. . 

James  P.  Sinnott 

James  M.  Power 

5G4  Sixth  Avenue. 
230  Aiuslie  Street. 
135  North  3d  Street. 

4 
5 
6 

1 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Thomas  J.  Dreimau . . . 

James  J.  Sexton 

William  F.  Thompson . 

Wm.  J.  Hefternan 

Patrick  J.  Diamond . . . 

Thomas  F.  ^^^ogau 

Jolm  J.  McQuade 

Joseph  A.  Guider 

W.  17th  St.  &  Surf  Ave. 
525  Herkimer  Street. 
1426  Pacific  Street. 
93  Jefferson  Street. 
1110  Bush  wick  Ave. 
9  Lenox  Road. 
170  Barbey  Street. 
1387  Herkimer  Street 

Chairman — James  D.  Bell,  91  Rugby  "Roadi:  First  VieeChqlrman — John  J.  Dormau, 

-John  _J.   Guinan,   2.314_Graveseud"  venue;  Corrcsponrfing  Secretary — Thomas  Hi 


_„.        __         „  989  De  Kalb  Avenue; 

Secoiiii  Vice-Cliairman- 

Cullen,  256  President  Street;  Treasvrer — Julian  D.  Fairchild.  845  Carroll  Street,  Se'crclnn/ — Frank  V.  Ivellv. 

152  Keap  Street,   Kxccvlive  Clerk — Geoige  N.  Young,  180  Sterlinc  Place. 


Republican — Executive  Committee,  of  I  tic  Kings  County  General  Committee: 


.4S3"y 

DiST 

N!11U(!. 

.•Vddrpss. 

Ass'b- 

Dl.ST. 

13 

Name. 

Address 

i 

Henry  P.  Erwln 

62  Montague  Street. 

Jesse  D.  Moore. , 

129  Devoe  Street. 

2 

William  H.  Bayes 

1551  E.  10th  Street. 

14 

George  A.  Owens 

117  So.  First  Street. 

3 

R.  H.  Laimbeer,  Jr.  ... 

Hotel  Bossert. 

15 

Richard  Wright 

55  Jewell  Street. 

4 

John  J.  Gay  nor 

136  Keap  Street. 

16 

Frederick  Oppikofer. . 

2760  Ocean  Parkway. 

5 

Charles  C.  Lockwood. . 

954  Greene  Avenue. 

17 

Lewis  M.  Swasey 

42  Herkimer  Street. 

6 

John  Diemer 

43  EUory  Street 

18 

Warren  <1    Price 

1366  Park  Plipp 

* 

Charles  S.  Devoy 

4718  r.th  Avenue. 

19 

Jacob  Bartsoherer. .... 

178  Evergreen  Avenue. 

8 

Jacob  Briuiner 

252  Carroll  Street. 

20 

William  Schnitzspan .  . 

53  Woodbine  Street. 

9 

Charles  S.  \\'arba.sse. . . 

131  76th  Street. 

21 

.Tohn  J.  Keller.. 

44  WoodriilT  Avenue. 

10 

Charles  K.  Murphy.. . . 

292  Clinton  .\ venue. 

22 

Jacob  A.  Livingston. .. 

448  Ridgewood  Ave. 

11 

AUretl  1",.  \'ass 

131  Quincy  Street. 
242  GariicUl  Place. 

23 

Reuben  L.  Haskell 

1216  Herkimer  Street. 

V£ 

John  T.  Raff  cvty 

Assembly  District  Boundaries,  New  York  City. 


865 


ASSEMBLY    DISTRICT    BOUNDARIES     NEW    YORK    CITY. 

Note — Street  is  meant,  unless  Ave.  or  other  word 
Is  used.  The  boundaries  of  the  election  districts  In 
the  Assembly  district,?  were  printed  In  full  in  the 
1918  Almanac.  Population  is  as  of  1915,  and  ex- 
cludes aliens. 


NEW  YORK  COUNTY. 

First — East  River  and  Gouverneur  Slip,  Water, 
Scammel,  Cherry,  Gouverneur,  Grand,  Clinton, 
Henry,  Catharine,  Division,  Chrystie.  Canal,  Broad- 
way, Broome,  SuUiv.in,  Spring,  Macdougal,  W. 
Houston,  Bedford,  7tli  Ave.,  Christoplier,  Bleecker, 
Charles,  Greenwich,  W.  lOth,  Hudson  River,  and 
East  River,  to  begin.     Pop.,  81,787. 

Second — Clinton  and  Grand,  E.sse.v,  Broome, 
Ludlow,  E.  Houston,  2d  Ave.,  E.  4th,  Broadway, 
W.  3d,  Cth  Ave.,  W.  Washington  PI.,  7th  Ave., 
Bedford,  W.  Houston,  Macdougal,  Spring,  Sullivan. 
Broome,  Broadway.  Canal,  Chi-ystie,  Division, 
Catharine,  Henry,  Clinlon,  Grand.     Pop.,  81,798. 

Third — W.  10th  and  Hudson  River;  Greenwich, 
Charles,  Bleecker,  W.  llth,  W.  4th.  Bank,  Bleecker, 
8th  Ave.,  W.  14th,  7th  Ave.,  W.  37th,  8th  Ave.,  W. 
40th,  Hudson  River,  W.  iOth.    Pop.,  82,120. 

Fourtli — East  River  and  Gouverneur;  Water, 
Scammel,  Cherry,  tiouverneur.  Grand,  Essex, 
Broome,  Ludlow,  Stanton,  Suffolk,  E.  Houston, 
Sherifl,  Stanton,  East  River,  Gouverneur  Slip. 
Pop.,  54,553. 

Fifth — W.  40th  and  Hudson  River;  8th  Ave.,  W. 
43d,  7th  Ave.,  W.  44th,  8th  Ave.,  W.  57th,  9th  Ave., 
W.  63d,  Hudson  River,  W.  40th.    Pop.,  81,460. 

Sixth — East  River  and  Stanton;  Sheriff,  E. 
Houston,  Ave.  B.,  E.  10th,  A\e.  C,  E,  12th, 
Ave.  A,  E.  14th,  1st  Ave.,  E.  I5th,  2d  Ave., 
E.  16th,  1st  Ave.,  E.  17th,  Ave.  B,  E.  18th, 
East  River,  Stanton.    Pop.,  54,481. 

Seventh — W.  63d  and  Hudson  River:  Columbus 
Ave.,  W.  58th,  8th  Ave.,  Broadway,  W.  62d,  Central 
Park  W".,  W.  8l8t,  Columbus  Ave.,  W.  94th,  Am- 
sterdam Ave.,  W.  86tli,  Broadway,  W.  83d,  Hudson 
River,  W.  63d.    Pop.,  ,'>4,499. 

Eighth — Ave.  B  and  E.  Houston;  Suffolk,  Stanton, 
Ludlow,  E.  Houston,  2d  Ave.,  E.  4th,  Broadway, 
Astor  Pi.,  4th  Ave.,  E.  14th,  Ir^nng  PI.,  E.  15th,  3d 
Ave.,  E.  16th,  2d  Ave.,  E.  15th,  l.st  Ave.,  E.  14th, 
Ave.  A,  E.  12th,  Ave.  C,  E.  10th.  Ave.  B,  E.  Houston. 
Pop.,  54,557. 

Ninth — W.  83d  and  Hudson  River;  Broadway, 
W.  86th,  Amsterdam  Ave..  W.  94th,  Columbus  Ave., 
W.  81st,  Central  Pnrk  W.,  W.  104th,  Columbus 
Ave.,  W.  103d,  Amsterdam  Ave.,  W.  101st,  Hudson 
River,  W.  83d.    Pop.,  54.486. 

Tenth — Broadway  and  W.  3(1;  6th  Ave.,  W. 
Washington  PI.,  Christopher,  Bleecker,  W.  llth,  W. 
4th,  Bank,  Bleecker,  8th  AVe.,  W.  14th,  7th  Ave., 
W.  37th,  Sth  Ave.,  W.  43d,  7th  Ave.,  W.  44th,  8th 
Ave.,  W.  55th,  7th  Ave.,  W.  52d,  6th  Ave.,  W.  53d, 
Sth  Ave.,  E.  47th,  Madison  Ave.,  E.  49th,  Lexington 
Ave.,  E.  40th,  3d  Ave..  E.  34th,  Lexington  Ave.,  E. 
22d,  3d  Ave.,  E.  15t!i,  Ir\ing  PI.,  E.  14th,  4th  Ave., 
Astor  PI.,  Broadway.  \V.  3d.    Pop.,  54,508. 

Eleventh — Hudson  River  and  W.  101st;  Amster- 
dam Ave.,  W.  103d.  Columbus  Ave..  W.  104th, 
Central  Park  West,  W.  110th,  7th  Ave.,  W.  118th 
St.  Nicholas  Ave.,  \\  .  119th,  Morningside  Park  E., 
W.  116th,  Amsterdam  Ave.,  W.  114th,  Broadway, 
W.  116th,  Hudson  River,  W.  101st.    Pop.,  54,640. 

Twelfth — E.  18th  and  East  River;  Ave.  B,  E. 
17th,  1st  Ave.,  E.  Ifith,  3d  Ave.,  i:.  22d,  Lexington 
Ave..  E.  34th,  3d  Ave.,  E.  40th,  Lexington  Ave.,  E. 
52d,  1st  Ave.,  E.  54th,  E.  River,  E.  ISth  (including 
Blackwell's  Island).    Pop.,  81,936. 

Thirteenth — W.  116th  and  Hudson  River; 
Broadway,  W.  114th,  Amsterdam  .\ve.,  W.  116th, 
Morningside  Ave.  E.,  W.  124th,  ^!nnhattan  Ave., 
W.  123d,  8th  Ave.,  W.  128th,  7th  Ave.,  W.  136th, 
Hudson  River,  W.  H6th.    Pop.,  54,440. 

Fourteenth — E.  54th  and  E.  River;  1st  Ave.,  E. 
52d,  3d  Ave.,  E.  74th,  Lexington  .We.,  E.  76th,  3d 
Ave.,  E.  77th,  Ave.  A,  E.  84th,  East  End  Ave.,  E. 
8l8t,  E.  River,  E.  84th.    Pop.,  81,648. 

Fifteenth — E.  49th  and  Lexington  Ave.;  Madison 
Ave.,  E.  47th,  5th  Ave,  W.  53d,  6th  Ave.,  W.  52d, 
7th  Ave.,  W.  55th,  Sth  Ave.,  W.  57th,  9th  Ave.,  W. 
58th,  Sth  Ave.,  Broadway,  W.  62d,  Central  Park  W. 
transverse  road  at  W.  97th,  Sth  Ave.,  E.  104th, 
Madison  Ave.,  E.  101st,  Park  Ave.,  E.  96th,  Lex- 
ington Ave.,  E.  79th,  3d  Ave.,  E.  76th,  Lexington 


Ave.,  E.  74th,  3d  Ave.,  E.  52d,  Lexington  Ave., 
E.  49th.    Pop.,  54,526. 

Sixteenth — E.  81st  and  E.  River;  East  End  Ave., 
E.  84th,  Ave.  A.,  E.  77th,  3d  Ave.,  E.  79th,  Lexington 
Ave.,  E.  89th,  3d  Ave.,  E.  100th,  2d  Ave.,  E.  98th, 
E.  River,  E.  81st.     Pop.,  81,618. 

Seventeenth — E.  101st  and  Park  Ave.;  Madison 
Ave.,  E.  104th,  5th  Ave.  transverse  road  at  E.  97th, 
Central  Park  W.,  W.  110th,  7th  Ave.,  W.  118th, 
Park  Ave.,  E.  101st.    Pop.,  54,557.-    • 

Elghteentli — E.  98th,  2d  Ave.,  E.  100th,  3d  Ave., 
E.  89th,  Lexington  Ave.,  E.  96th,  Park  Ave.,  E. 
117th,  3d  Ave.,  E.  118th,  2d  Ave.,  E.  115th,  E. 
River,  E.  98th  (including  Wards  Island).  Pop.,  81,915. 

Nineteenth — Park  Ave.  and  E.  118th;  St. 
Nicholas  Ave.,  W.  119th,  Morningside  Ave.  E.,  W, 
124th,  Manhattan  Ave.,  W.  123d,  Sth  Ave.,  W. 
128th,  7th  Ave.,  W.  136th,  Lenox  Ave.,  W.  137th, 
Madison  Ave.,  E.  128th,  5th  Ave.,  E.  124th,  Madison 
Ave.,  E.  120th,  Park  Ave.,  E.  118th.    Pop.,  54,727. 

Twentieth — E.  River  and  115th;  2d  Ave.,  E. 
118th,  3d  Ave.,  E.  117th,  Park  Ave.,  E.  120th, 
Madison  Ave.,  E.  124th,  5th  Ave.,  E.  128th,  Madison 
Ave.,  E.  134th,  Harlem  River,  E.  115th  (Including 
Randall's  Island  and  the  sunken  meadows).  Pop., 
64,430. 

Twenty- first — W.  136th  and  Hudson  River; 
Lenox  Ave.,  W.  137th,  Madison  Ave.,  E.  134th, 
Harlem  River,  E.  144th,  Sth  Ave.,  W.  145th,  Edge- 
combe Ave.  or  Colonial  Parkway,  W.  155th,  St. 
Nicholas  Ave.,  Convent  Ave.,  W.  142d,  Hamilton 
PI.,  W.  144th,  Hudson  River,  W.  136th.  Pop.,  54,562. 

Twenty-second — W.  144th  and-  Hudson  River; 
Amsterdam  Ave.,  Hamilton  PI.,  W.  142d,  Convent 
Ave.,  St.  Nicholas  Ave.,  W.  155th,  Edgecombe  Ave. 
or  Colonial  Parkway,  W.  145th,  Sth  Ave.,  W.  144th, 
Harlem  River,  W.  162d,  Ft.  Washington  Ave.,  W. 
161st,  Riverside  Drive,  W.  165th,  Hudson  River, 
W.   144th.     Pop.,  54,594.  ■    ; 

Twenty-third — W.  165th  and  Hudson  River; 
Riverside  Drive,  W.  161st,  Ft.  Washington  Ave.,  W. 
162d,  Harlem  River,  Spuyten  Duyvel  Creek,  Hudson 
River,  W.  165th.     Pop.,  54,442. 

BRONX  County. 

First — E.  140th  and  E.  River;  Locust  Ave.,  E.. 
141st,  Jackson  Ave.,  E.  145th,  Trinity  Ave.,  E. 
149th,  St.  Ann's  Ave.,  E.  156th,  Cauldwell  Ave.,  E. 
164th,  Boston  Road,  3d  Ave.,  Weyher  Court, 
Washington  Ave.,  E.  165th,  Park  Ave.,  E.  162d. 
Grant  Ave.,  E.  161st,  Morris  Ave.,  E,  150th, 
3IeIroae  Ave.,  E.  149th,  Bergen  Ave.,  Willis  Ave.,  E. 
143d,  3d  Ave.,  E.  142d,  Alexander  Ave.,  E.  140th, 
Brook  Ave.,  E.  132d,  Lincoln  Ave.,  Harlem  River, 
Bronx  Kills,  E.  River.    Pop.,  82,185. 

Second — Lincoln  Ave.  and  Harlem  River;  E. 
132d,  Brook  Ave..  E.  140th,  Alexander  Ave.,  E. 
142d,  3d  Ave.,  E.  143d,  Willis  Ave.,  Bergen  Ave.,  E. 
149th,  Melrose  Ave.,  E.  150th,  Morris  Ave.,  E.  160th, 
Grand  Ave.,  E.  162d,  Park  Ave.,  E.  165th,  Wash- 
ington Ave.,  Weyher  Court,  3d  Ave.,  E.  166th, 
Washington  Ave.,  E.  175th,  Park  Ave.,  E.  177th,  E. 
176th,  Anthony  Ave.,  E.  Tremont  Ave.,  Mt.  Hope 
Ave.,  E.  176th,  Morris  Ave.,  Mt.  Hope  PI.,  Walton 
Ave.,  E.  177th,  W.  177th,  W.  Tremont  Ave.,  Ma- 
combs  Road,  Featherbed  Lane,  Aqueduct  Ave.,  W.  ', 
172d,  Harlem  River,  to  the  boundary  line  between 
New  York  and  Bronx  Counties.    Pop.,  82,187. 

Third — E.  140th  and  E.  River;  Locust  Ave.,  E. 
141st,  Jackson  Ave.,  E.  145th,  Trinity  Ave.,  E.  149th, 
St.  Ann's  Ave.,  E.  156th,  Cauldwell  Ave.,  E.  163d, 
Union  Ave.,  E.  160th,  Westchester  Ave.,  E.  163d, 
Tiffany,  So.  Boulevard,  Barretto,  Garrison  Ave;, 
Hunt's  Point  Ave.,  Lafayette  Ave.,  Bronx  River 
(including  Riker's,  South  Brothers  and  North 
Brothers  Islands).    Pop.,  54,800. 

Fourth — E.  163d  and  Cauldwell  Ave.;  Union. 
Ave.,  E.  160th,  Prospect  Ave.,  Freeman,  Brlstow.,'- 
Jennings,  Charlotte,  E.  170th,  Wilklns  Ave.,  Boston: 
Road,  E.  172d,  Seabury  PI.,  Boston  Road,  So^ 
Boulevard,  E.  175th,  Crotona  Park,  N.  Arthur  Ave'.-. 
E.  175th,  Washington  Ave.,  E.  166th,  3d  Ave.,' 
Boston  Road,  E.  164th,  Cauldwell  Ave.  Pop.,  54,786. 

Fifth — Prospect  Ave.  and  Westchester  Ave.; 
Freeman,  Brlstow,  Jennings,  Charlotte,  E.  170th, 
Wilklns  Ave.,  Boston  Road,  E.  172d,  Seabury  Pl^ 
Boston  Road,  So.  Boulevard,  E.  175th,  Boston  Road, 
Hoe  Ave.,  E.  174th,  Bronx  River,  Lafayette  Ave., 
Hunt's  Point  Ave,,   Garrison   Ave.,   Ba.rr«tto,   So. 


866     Assembly  District  Boundaries,  New  Ymk  City— Continued. 


Boulevard.  Tlflany,  E.  163d,  Westchester  Ave.  Pop., 
54,798. 

Sixth — Hoe  Ave.  and  E.  174th;  Boston  Road, 
Vyse  Ave.,  E.  Tremont  Ave.,  Boston  Road,  E.  178tli, 
Bryant  Ave.,  E.  180th,  Boston  Road,  Bronx  Park, 
So.  Boulevard,  PeJham  Ave.,  Bronx  River,  E.  233d, 
Mt.  Vernon  Ave.,  northerly  boundary  line  of  New 
YorK  City,  E.  River,  E.  174th.    Pop.,  54,787. 

Seventh — E.  175th  and  Park  Ave.;  Arthur  Ave., 
Crotona  Park  Ndrth,  E.  175th,  Boston  Road,  Vyse 
Ave.,  E.  Tremoiit  Ave.,  Boston  Road,  E.  178th, 
Bryant  Ave..  E.  180th,  Boston  Road,  Bronx  Park  S., 
So.  Boulevard,  Pelham  Ave.,  Cambreling  Ave.,  E. 
189th,  Hoffman,  E.  187th,  Lorillard  PI.,  E.  184th, 
Park  Ave.    Pop.,  54,897. 

Eighth— E.  177th  and  Park  Ave.;  E.  176th, 
Anthony  Ave..  ,E.  Tremont  Ave.,  Mt.  Hope  Ave., 
E.  176th,  Morris  Ave.,  Mt.  Hope  PI.,  Walton  Ave., 
E.  177th.  W.  177th.  V{.  Tremont  Ave.,  Macombs 
Road,  Featherbed  Lane,  Aqueduct  Ave.,  W.  172d, 
Harlem  River,  boundary  line  between  New  Yorl;  and 
Bronx  County,  Hudson  River,  northerly  boundary 
line  of  New  York  City,  Mt.  Vernon  Ave.,  E.  233d, 
Bronx  River,  Pelham  Ave.,  Cambreling  Ave.,  E. 
189th,  Hoffman,  E.  187th,  Lorillard  PI.,  E.  184th, 
Park  Ave.    Pop.,  54,794. 

KINGS  COUNTY. 

First — Buttermilk  Channel  and  E.  River;  Con- 
gress, Columbia,  Warren,  Clinton,  Amity,  Court, 
Dean,  Boerum  PL,  Bergen,  Nevins,  Atlantic  Ave., 
Bond,  Fulton,  Hudson  Ave.,  DeKalb  Ave..  Navy, 
Lafayette,  Raymond,  Willoughby,  St.  Edwards, 
Bolivar,  Raymond,  Myrtle  Ave.,  Prince,  Johnson, 
Navy,  Flushing  Ave.,  Clinton  Ave.,  Wallabout 
Channel,  E.  River.    Pop.,  59,958. 

Second — Sutter  and  Williams  Ave.;  Blake  Ave., 
Pennsylvania  Ave.,  Hegeman  Ave.,  New  Jersey  Ave., 
Vienna  Ave.,  Pennsylvania  Ave.,  Jamaica  Bay,  to  a 
point  east  of  Duck  Point  Marsh,  boundary  line  of 
Kings  and  Queens  County,  along  said  line  south  of 
Barren  Island,  to  Atlantic  Ocean,  Ocean  Parkway, 
Ave.  J,  E.  5th,  Ave.  I,  E.  4th,  Elmwood  Ave.,  E.  3d, 
Foster  Ave.,  E.  17th,  Ave.  I,  Flatbush  Ave.,  E.  34tli, 
Ave.  J,  Schenectady  Ave.,  Glenwood  Road,  E.  46th, 
Farragut  Road,  Schenectady  Ave.,  Clarendon  Road, 
Ralph  Ave.,  Church  Ave.,  E.  91st,  Linden  Ave., 
Rockaway  Parkway,  Church  Ave.,  E.  98th,  Lett 
Ave.,  Thatford  Ave.,  Livonia  Ave.,  Osborn  Ave., 
Dumont  Ave.,  Thatford  Ave.,  Sutter  Ave.,  Williams 
Ave.    Pop.,  60,051. 

Third — E.  Buttermilk  Channel  and  Congress; 
Columbia,  Warren,  Clinton,  Amity,  Court,  1st  PI., 
Summit,  Hicks,  Rapelyea,  Hamilton  Ave.,  3d  Ave., 
24th,  4th  Ave.,  54th,  3d  Ave.,  59th.  -Ith  Ave.,  Cist. 
3d  Ave.,  63d,  New  York  Bay,  Buttermilk  Cliannel, 
and  E.  River,  Congress.    Pop.,  60,097. 

Fourth — E.  River  and  Broadway;  Berry,  C!.  6th, 
Broadway,  Havemeyer,  S.  4th-  Rodney,  Broadway, 
Division  Ave.,  Harrison  Ave.,  Rutledge,  Marcy  Ave., 
Walton,  Wallabout,  Harrison  Ave.,  Flushing  Ave., 
Nostrand  Ave.,  Willoughby  Ave.,  Spencer,  Myrtle 
Ave.,  Washington  Park  (or  Cumberland),  Do  Ilalb 
Ave.,  Navy,  Lafayette.  Raymond  Willoughby,  Gt. 
Edwards,  Bolivar,  Raymond.  Myrtle  Ave..  Prince, 
Johnson,  Navy,  FlusUng  Ave.,  Clinton  Ave.,  A/alla^ 
bout  Channel,  E.  River,  Broadway.    Pop.,  GO. 132. 

Fifth — Lewis  Ave.  and  Van  Buren;  Stuyvcsant 
Ave.,  Qulncy,  Reid  Ave.,  Greene  Ave.,  Broadway, 
Hopkinson  Ave.,  McDonough,  Broadway,  Eastern 
Parkway,  Truxton,  Stone  Ave.,  McDougal,  Saratoga 
AVe.,  Fulton,  Ralph  Ave.,  Herkimer,  Rochester  Ave., 
Atlantic  Ave.  Utlca  Ave.,  Pacific,  Schenectady  Ave., 
Fulton,  Sumner  Ave.,  McDonough,  Lewis  Ave..  Van 
Buren.     Pop.,  60,064. 

Sixth — Nostrand  knd  Flushing  Ave.;  Broadway, 
Greene  Ave.,  Reid  Ave.,  Quincy,  Stuyvesant  Ave., 
Van  Buren,  Lewis  Ave.,  Greene  Ave.-  Nostrand 
Ave.,  Flushing  Ave.    Pop.,  60,044. 

Seventh — 3d  Ave.  and  65th;  6th  Ave.,  49th,  7'h 
Ave.,  40th,  Ft.  Hamilton  Ave.  (or  Parkway),  Graves- 
end  Ave..  Terrace  PI.,  11th  Ave.,  17th,  Terrace  PI., 
Prospect  Ave.,  Hamilton  Ave.,  3d  Ave.,  24th,  4th 
Ave.,  64th.  3d  Ave.,  59th.  4th  Ave.',  61st,  3d  Ave., 
65th.    Pop.,  60,021. 

Eighth — Hamilton  Ave.  and  Prospect  Ave.;  4th 
Ave.,  Garfield  PI..  5tli  Ave.,  St.  Mark's  Ave.  (or 
Pi.>,  4th  Ave.,  Bergen,  Boerum  PI.,  Dean,  Court 
l8t  PI..  Simimlt,  Hicks,  Rapelye*,  Hamilton  Ave., 
Prospect  Ave.    Pop.,  60,042. 

Ninth — 13th   Ave.    and    40ih;    41st,    14th    A\'o., 


46th,  13th  Ave.,  70th,  14th  Ave.,  75th,  15th  Ave., 
Bath  Ave.,  Bay  8th,  Sharp  Ave.,  15th  Ave.,  Graves- 
end  Bay,  the  Narrows,  New  York  Bay,  63d,  3d 
Ave.,  65th,  6th  Ave.,  49th,  7th  Ave..  40th,  Ft. 
Hamilton  Parkway,  39th,  12th  Ave..  40th,  13th 
Ave.     Pop.,  60,050. 

Tenth — Prospect  Park  W  and  Union;  Carroll, 
8th  Ave.,  Garfield  PI.,  7th  Ave.,  Carroll,  6th  Ave.. 
5th,  5th  Ave.,  6th,  4th  Ave.,  Garfield  PI.,  5th  Ave.. 
St.  Marks  Ave.  (or  PI.),  4th  Ave.,  Bergen,  Nevins, 
Atlantic  Ave.,  Bond,  Fulton,  Hudson  Ave.,  De  KaJb 
Ave.,  St.  FeUx,  Fulton,  Fort  Greene  PI.,  Kunson  PI., 
So.  Oxford,  Fulton,  Greene  Ave.,  Vanderbilt  Ave., 
De  Kalb  Ave.,  Franklin  Ave.,  Lafayette  Ave., 
Franklin  Ave.,  Greene  Ave.,  Waverly  Ave.,  Atlantic 
Ave.,  Classon  Ave.,  St.  Marks  Ave.,  Gruud  Ave., 
Washington  Ave.,  Sterling  Pi.,  Classon  Ave.,  .St. 
Johns  PI.,  Washington  Ave.,  Malbone,  Fiatbush 
Ave.,  Prospect  Park  Plaza.    Pop.,  60,045. 

Eleventh — De  Kalb  Ave.  and  St.  Felix;  W.'jshing- 
ton  Park  (or  Cumberland).  Myrtle  Ave.,  Spencer, 
Willoughby  Ave.,  Nostrand  Ave.,  Lafayette  Ave,, 
Bedford  Ave.,  Dean,  New  York  Ave.,  Park  PI., 
Nostrand  Ave.,  E.  Parkway,  New  York  Ave., 
Sterling  PI.,  Washington  Ave.,  St.  Johns  PI.,  ClassoB 
Ave.,  Sterling  PI.,  Wastungton  Ave.,  Grand  Ave.,  St. 
Marks  Ave.,  Classon  Ave.,  Atlantic  Ave.,  V/averly 
Ave.,  Greene  Ave.,  Franklin  Ave.,  Lafayette  Ave., 
Franklin  Ave.,  DeKalb  Ave.,  Vanderbilt  Ave., 
Greene  Ave.,  So.  Oxford,  Fulton,  Hanson  PI.,  ¥X. 
Greene  PI.,  Fulton,  St.  Felix,  DeKalb  Ave.  Pop., 
60,031. 

Twelfth — Prospect  Ave.  and  4th  Ave.;  Tcrr&oe 
PI.,  17th,  11th  Ave.,  Teirace  PI.,  Gravescnd  Ave, 
Ft.  Hamilton  Parkway,  39th,  12th  Ave.,  40th,  13th 
Ave.,  41st,  14th  Ave.,  37th,  15th  Ave.  W.,  Ave.  C, 
E.  9th,  Beverly  Road,  Coney  Island  Avo.,  Caton 
Ave.,  Parade  PI.,  ParliSide  Ave.,  Ocean  Ave,  Flat- 
bush  Ave.,  Prospect  Park  Plaza,  Prospect  Park  W., 
Carroll,  8th  Ave.,  Garfield  PI.,  7th  Ave.,  Ca'-.oll,  0th 
Ave.,  5th,  5th  Ave.,  6th,  4th  Ave.,  Prc.-s;,t.tt  Ave. 
Pop.,  60,086. 

Thirteenth — LorLmer  and  Jackson;  '^aonard, 
Skillman  Ave.,  Graham  Ave.,  Jackson,  Manhattan 
Ave.,  Bayard,  Grahxim  Ave.,  Driggs  Ave.,  Humboldt, 
Richardson,  Klngsland  Ave.,  Meeker  Ave.,  Newtown 
Creek,  boundary  line  of  Kings  and  Queens  Counties, 
Fluslung  Ave.,  Morgan  Ave.,  Johnson  Ave.,  Wliite, 
Boerum.  Bushwick  Ave^  Moore,  Humboldt,  McKiu- 
ben,  Graham  Ave.,  Siegel,  Leonard,  Broadway, 
Bartlett,  Throop  Ave.,  Harrison  Ave.,  Lorimer, 
Thi-oop  Ave.,  Walton,  Broadway,  Lorimer,  Jackson. 
Pop..  60,053. 

Fourteenth — E.  River  and  Broadway;  Berry,  S. 
6th,  Broadway,  Havemeyer,  S.  4th,  Rodney,  Broad- 
way, Division  Ave.,  Harrison  Ave.,  Rutledge,  Marcy, 
Walton,  Wallabout,  Harrison  Ave.,  Lorimer,  Throop 
Ave.,  Walton,  Broadway,  Lorimer,  Ftost,  Union 
Ave.,  N.  12th,  Berry,  N.  11th,  E.  Rjver,  Broadw.w. 
Pop.,  60,067.  ,  , 

Fifteenth — N.  11th  and  E.  River;  Newtown 
Creek  Meeker  Ave.,  Kingsland  Ave.,  Ricliardson. 
Humboldt,  Driggs  Ave.,  Graham  Ave.,  Bayard. 
Manhattan  Ave.,  Jackson,  Graham  Ave.,  Skillman 
Ave.,  Leonard  Ave.,  Jackson,  Lorimer,  Frost,  Union 
Ave.,  N.  12th,  Berry,  N.  11th.    Pop.,  60,063. 

Sixteenth — Foster  Ave.  and  E.  3d;  Elmwood 
Ave.,  E.  4th,  Ave.  I,  E.  5th,  Ave.  J,  Ocean  Parkway. 
Atlantic  Ocean,  Gravesend  Bay,  15th  Ave.,  Sharp 
Ave.,  Bay  8th,  Bath  Ave.,  15th  Ave.,  75lh,  14th 
Ave.,  70th,  13th  Ave.,  46th,  14th  Ave.,  4-iUi,  1.5th 
Ave.,  50th,  16th  Ave-,  49th,  19th  Ave.,  47t\i,  Park- 
vUle  Ave.  (formerly  Washington  Ave.),  Gravesend 
Ave.,  Foster  Ave.,  E.  3d.    Pop.,  60,049. 

Seventeenth — New  York  Ave.  and  Park  P).: 
Brooklyn  Ave.,  Atlantic  Ave.,  Albany  Ave.,  Prospect 
PI.,  Rochester  Ave.,  St.  Maries  Ave.,  Ralph  Ave,, 
Prospect  PI.,  Howard  Ave.,  Pacific,  Ralph  Ave., 
Atlantic  Ave.,  Utlca  Ave.,  Pacific,  Schenectady 
Ave.,  Fulton,  Sumner  Ave.,  McDonough,  Lewis 
Ave.,  Greene  Ave.,  Nostrand  Ave,,  Lafayette  Ave., 
Bedford  Ave,,  Dean,  New  York  Ave.    Pop.,  60,132. 

Eighteenth — N(W  York  Ave.  and  Sterling;  E. 
Parkway,  Nostrand  Ave.,  Park  PI.,  Brooklyn  Ave., 
Atlantic  Ave.,  Albany  Ave.,  Prospect  Pi.,  Rochester 
Ave.,  St.  Marks  Ave.,  Ralph  Ave.,  Prospect  PI,, 
Howard  Ave.,  Sutter  Ave.,  Thatford  Ave.,  Dumont 
Ave.,  Osborn,  Livonia  Ave.,  Thatford  Ave.,  Lett 
Ave.,  E.  98th,  Church  Ave.,  Rockaway  Parkway, 
Linden  Ave.,  E.  91st,  Church  Ave.,  Ralph  Ave., 
Cleason  Road,  Schenectady  Ave.,  Farragut  Road.  B. 


Assembly  District  Boundaries,  New  York  City— Continued.     867 


46th,  Glenwood  Road,  Schenectady  Ave.,  Ave.  J,  E. 
34th,  Flatbush  Ave.,  Ave.  I,  E.  29th,  Germanla  PI., 
Flatbush  Ave.,  E.  29lli,  Foster  Ave.,  E.  28th,  New- 
kirk  Ave.,  E.  29th,  Ave.  D,  Nostrand  Ave.,  Church 
Ave.,  New  York  Ave.,  i=!terling.    Pop.,  60,003. 

Nineteenth — Boundary  line  of  Kings  and  Queens 
Counties  and  Stanhope;  Hamburg  Ave.,  De  Kalb 
Ave.;  Broadway,  Flushing  Ave.,  Throop  Ave., 
Bartlett.  Broadway,  Leonard,  Seigel,  Graham  Ave, 
McKibbin,  Humboldt,  Moore,  Bushwick  Ave., 
Boerum,  AVTilte,  Johnson  Ave.,  Morgan  Ave.,  Flush- 
ing Ave.,  boundary  line  of  Kings  and  Queens  Coun- 
ties.   Pop.,  60,042. 

Twentieth — Boundary  line  ol  Kings  and  Queens 
Counties  and  Stanhope;  Hamburg  Ave.,  De  Kalb 
Ave.,  Broadway,  Hopkinson  Ave.,  McDonough, 
Broadway,  E.  Parkway,  Bushwick  Ave.,  Highland 
Boulevard,  Vermont  Ave.,  Stanhope.    Pop.,  90,136. 

Twenty-first — ^Sterling  and  New  York  Ave.; 
Church  Ave.,  Nostrand  Ave.,  Ave.  D,  E.  29th, 
Newklrk  Ave.,  E.  28th.  Foster  Ave.,  E.  29th,  Flatbush 
Ave.,  Germanla  PI.,  E.  29tli,  Ave.  I,  E.  17th,  Foster 
Ave.,  Gravesend  Ave.,  Parkville  Ave.,  47th,  19th 
Ave.,  49th,  16th  Ave..  50th,  15th  Ave.,  44th,  14th 
Ave.,  37th,  15th  Ave.  West,  Ave.  C,  West,  E.  9th, 
Beverly  Road,  Coney  Island  Ave.,  Caton  Ave., 
Parade  PI.,  Parkside  Ave.,  Ocean  Ave.,  Malbone, 
Flatbush  Ave.  (or  Washington  Ave.),  Sterling,  New 
York  Ave.    Pop.,  60,015. 

Twenty-second — Broadway  aud  E.  Parkway; 
Jamaica  Ave.,  Alabama  Ave.,  Atlantic  Ave.,  Williams 
Ave.,  BlaUe  Ave.,  Pennsylvania  Ave.,  Hegeman  Ave., 
New  Jeisey  Ave.,  Vienna  Ave.,  Pennsylvania  Ave., 
Jamaica  Bay,  point  east  ol  Duck  Ft.  Marsh,  Vermont 
Ave.,  Highland  Boulevard,  Bushwick  Ave.,  E. 
Parkw.-.y,  Broadway.    Pop.,  90,005. 

Twenty-third — Fulton  and  Alabama  Ave.; 
Broadway,  E.  Parkway,  Truxton,  Stone  Ave., 
McDougal,  Saratoga  Ave.,  Fulton,  Ralph  Ave., 
Herkimer,  Rochester  Ave.,  Atlantic  Ave.,  Ralph 
Ave.,  Pacific,  Howard  Ave.,  Sutter  Ave.,  Williams 
Ave.,  Atlantic  Ave.,  Alabama  Ave,    Pop.,  60,039. 

QUEENS  COUNTY. 

First — Boundary  Hue  between  Kings  and  Queens 
Counties  in  Newtown  Creek,  where  same  intersects 
E.  River  bulkhead  line,  prolonged,  central  line  of 
Dutclik'Us  Creek  to  prolongation  of  centre  line  until 
intersected  by  a  prolongation  of  Rapalje  Ave.  (or  4th 
Ave.) ;  Jackson  Ave.,  old  Bowery  Bay  Road,  Astoria 
Ave.  (or  Flushing  Ave.),  Woolsey  Ave.,  Steinway 
Ave.  (or  10th  Ave.),  Potter  Ave.,  Kouwenhoven  (or 
9th  Ave),  Bowery  Bay  and  E.  River,  to  beginning 
(including  Berrians  Island). 

Second — Point  on  line  dividing  Kings  and  Queens 
Counties  in  Newtown  Creek,  where  same  is  inter- 
sected by  central  line  ol  Dutchkills  Creek,  prolonged. 
Woodbine,  Woodward,  Palmetto,  Grand  View  Ave., 
Linden,  Forest  Ave.,  Gates  Ave.,  Fresh  Pond  Road, 
Hancock  (or  Hughes,  or  Woodbine),  L.  I.  R.  R., 
New  Woodhaven  Ave.,  Yellowstone  Ave.  (or  New 
Woodhaven  Ave.),  intersection  of  Lawn  Ave.  (or 
Mill  Crock),  point  opposite  intersection  of  Junction 
and  Newtown  Aves.,  .lustice,  Lacoiiia  (or  Broad), 
Queens  Boulevard,  Grand.  Calamus  Road,  Fiske 
Ave.,  Woodslde  Ave,  Skillman  Ave.,  Greenpoint 
Ave.,  CelUc  Ave.,  IJicV.inson  Ave.,  Middleburg  Ave., 
Woodside  Ave.,  Jackson  Ave.,  4th  Ave.  (or  Rapalje 
Ave),  intersection  of  centre  line  of  Dutchkills  Creek 
to  beginning. 

Third — Jackson  Ave.  and  Woodside  Ave.;  Middle- 
burg Ave.,  Dickenson  Ave.,  Celtic  Ave.,  Greenpoint 
Ave.,  Skillman  Ave.,  Woodside  Ave.,  Fiske  Ave., 
Calamus  Road,  Graiid.  Queens  Boulevard,  Laconia 
(or  Broad),  Justice  (or  Newtown  Road),  intersection 
ol  Junction  Ave.,  point  on  Mill  Creek,  opposite  inter- 
section of  Junction  and  Justice  (or  N'ewtown  Road), 
following  Mill  Creek  to  intersection  of  Yellowstone 
Ave.  and  Lawn  Ave.  at  Mill  Creek,  Flushing  Creek, 
Strong's  Causeway,   Island  Mill   Road,   Lawrence, 

Tl)e  State  Constitution  provides  that  every  county  in  the  State,  except  Hamilton,  shall  always  be  entitled 
to  at  letist  one  Member  ol  Assembly,  nor  shall  any  county  hereafter  be  constituted  unless  its  population' 
entitles  it  to  an  Assemblyman.    Ol  the  populous  counties,  Albany  has  3  Assemblymen;  Erie,  9;  Kings, 
23;    New    Yo^'k,   31;    The   Bronx,    4   and    part   ol   one   ol   Manhattan's   thirty-one;    Queens,   4;   and 
Westchester,  4.  . 

PROVISIONS   OF   STATE   CONSTITUTION. 

In  1852,  Albany  had  4  Assemblymen;  Erie,  4;  Kings,  3;  New  York  County,  i6;  Westchester  (including 
frhat  i.'S  now  the  Bronx),  2;  and  Queens,  1.  ■  • 


Bradford  Ave.,  Main,  Lincoln  Ave.,  Union  Ave., 
Whitestone  Ave.,  Bayslde  Ave.,  Little  Bayside  Road 
(or  Saxe),  Poppenhausen  Ave.,  Bell  Ave.,  northerly 
300  feet  to  Mulford  Ave.,  Littleneck  Bay,  intersection 
of  Kouwenhoven  (or  9th  Ave.),  Potter  Ave.,  Steinway 
(or  10th  Ave.),  Woolsey  Ave.,  Astoria  Ave.  (or 
Flushing  Ave.),  old  Bowery  Bay  Road,  Jackson  Ave., 
(or  Woodside  Ave.),  to  the  point  of  beginning. 

Fourth — Waters  of  Little  Neck  Bay,  where  same 
is  intei-sected  by  Mulford,  prolonged;  Bell  Ave., 
Poppenhausen  Ave.  (or  Little  Bayside  Road),  Saxe 
(or  Little  Bayside  Road),  Bayside  Ave.,  Whitestone 
Ave.,  Union  Ave.,  Lincoln  Ave.,  Main,  Bradford 
Ave.,  Lawrence,  Island  Mill  Road,  Flushing  Creek 
and  Strong's  Causeway,  along  Flushing  Creek  to 
intersection  of  line  between  2d  and  4th  Wards, 
Newtown  Road,  Leflerts  Ave.,  Atlantic  Ave.,  So. 
Cochran  Ave.  (or  Ward  Ave.),  Garden,  Van  Wyck 
Ave.,  old  Lincoln  Ave.,  Rockaway  Boulevard  (or 
Rockaway  Road),  to  line  between  Brooklyn  and 
Nassau,  at  Hook  Creek,  to  prolongation  ol  Mulford 
Ave.,  and  Littleneck  Bay  to  beginning. 

Fifth — Intersection  of  line  between  Kings  and 
Queens  Counties  and  Atlantic  Ave.,  Ferry,  Jamaica 
Ave.,  Gherardi  (or  Woodland  Ave.),  Syosset  (or  3d), 
Thrall,  Syosset  (or  Russell),  Woodhaven  Ave., 
Jamaica  Ave.,  Waterbury,  Myrtle  Ave.,  along 
boundary  line  between  2d  and  4th  Wards,  Newtown 
Road,  Leflerts  Ave.,  Atlantic  Ave.,  So.  Cochran 
Ave.,  Garden,  Van  Wyck,  old  Lincoln  Ave.,  Rocka- 
way Road  (or  Rockaway  Boulevard),  boundary  line 
between  Queens  and  Nassau  at  Hook  Creek,  through 
Far  Rockaway  to  Atlantic  Ocean,  through  Atlantic 
Ocean  and  Jamaica  Bay  to  intersection  ol  boundary 
line  between  Kings  and  Queens  Counties,  to  Atlantic 
Ave. 

Sixth — Intersection  of  line  between  Kings  and 
Queens  Counties;  Woodbine,  Woodward  Ave.,  Pal-  ' 
metto  Ave.,  Grand  View  Ave.,  Linden,  Forest  Ave.; 
Gates  Ave.,  Fresh  Pond  Road,  Hancock  (Hughes  or 
Woodbine),  L.  I.  R.  R.,  Woodhaven  Ave.,  Wood- 
haven (or  Yellowstone  Ave.),  Mill,  Creek  (or  Lawn 
Ave.),  along  Mill  Creek  to  Flushing  Creek  to  line 
between  2d  and  4th  Wards,  Waterbury,  Jamaica 
Ave.,  Woodhaven  Ave.,  Syosset  (or  Russell),  Thrall, 
Syosset  (or  3d),  Gherardi  (or  Woodland  Ave.), 
Jamaica  Ave.,  Ferry,  Atlantic  Ave.  to  line  between 
Kings  and  Queens,  along  said  line  to  intersection  of 
Woodbine  to  the  place  of  beginning. 

RICHMOND  COUNTY. 

First — Upper  New  York  Bay,  at  foot  ol  Vander- 
bilt  Ave.;  Richmond  Road,  Rockland  Ave.  (formerly 
Egbert  Ave.),  Bradley  Ave.,  (formerly  Manor  Road), 
Willow  Brook  Road,  Watchogue  Road,  to  a  brook 
known  as  Palmers  Run,  west  of  WooUey  Ave.,  Forest 
Ave.  (formerly  Cherry  Lane),  along  Palmers  Rim 
to  intersection  of  Post  and  Jewett  Aves.,  along  • 
Palmers  Run  and  Bodine's  Creek,  to  Kill  yan  Kull, 
to  upper  New  York  Bay,  along  shore  ol  upper  New 
York  Bay.  to  beginning  (to  comprise  and  be  Identical  • 
with  territory  known  as  1st  and  2d  Wards). 

Second — Upper  New  York  Bay  at  Vanderbilt 
Ave.,  along  Vanderbilt  Ave.  to  Richmond  Road:  • 
Rockland  Ave.  (formerly  Egbert  Ave.),  Bradley 
Ave.  (formerly  Manor  Road),  Willow  Brook  Road, 
watchogue  Road,  to  brook  known  as  Palmers  Run, 
west  ol  Wooliey  Ave.,  Forest  Ave.  (formerly  Cherry 
Lane),  along  Palmers  Run  to  intersection  of  Post 
and  Jewett  Aves.,  along  Palmers  Run  and  Bodine'a 
Creek  to  Kill  Van  KiUl,  Staten  Island  Sound  (or 
Arthur  Kill),  Raritan  Bay,  along  shores  of  Raritan 
Bay  and  lower  New  York  Bay  to  the  Narrows, 
along  the  Narrows  and  shore  ol  upper  New  York 
Bay  to  beginning,  and  in  addition.  Shooters  Island; 
so  much  of  Buckwheat  Island  as  is  within  the  State 
of  New  York;  Pralls  Island,  Meadow  Island,  Hoffman 
Island,  Swinburne  Island,  and  Great  Kills  Pt.,  to 
comprise  and  be  identical  with  territory  known  as 
3d,  4th,  and  5th  Wards. 


868 


Subway  Systems  in  New  York  City. 


SUBWAY    SYSTEMS    IN    NEW    YORK   CITY. 

(Compiled  Under  the  Direction  of  Frank  N.  Robinson  of  the  Public  Service  Commissiiou 

of  the  First  District.) 
THE  DUAL  SYSTEM  OF  RAPID  TRANSIT. 


Under  the  DUal  System  of  rapid  transit  for  Ntw 
York  City  all  of  the  rapid  transit  lines  operated  by 
the  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Company  and  the 
New  York  Consolidated  Railroad  Company  (the 
latter  a  B.  R.  T.  subsidiary),  including  the  Urst 
subway  and  the  elevated  lines  of  the  two  systema, 
are  combined  in  two  great  operating  units,  cover- 
ing four  of  the  five  borouglis.  Each  company  has 
Hues  which  operate  through  the  so-called  commun- 
ity centre  of  the  city,  namely,  the  section  of  j\Ian- 
hattan  Island  below  Fifty-ninth  Street. 

As  stated  above.  New  York's  original  subway, 
operated  by  the  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Com- 
pany and  now  denoted  the  First  Subway,  is  an 
integral  part  of  the  Dual  System,  But  under  the 
operating  conditions  scheduled  for  the  new  lines,  it 
loses  Its  Identity  and  Is  merged  for  operating  piu-- 
poses  with  other  lines  assigned  under  the  dual 
agreements  to  the  Interborough. 

The  Dual  System  was  created  wheu  the  city, 
through  the  Public  Service  Commission,  on  March 
19,  1913,  entered  into  an  agreement  (the  dual  con- 
tracts) with  the  Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Com- 
pany and  the  New  York  Municipal  Railway  Cor- 
poration (the  latter  a  B.  R.  T.  subsidiary),  provid- 
ing for  the  construction  and  operation  of  new 
subway  lines,  elevated  and  subway  extensions  of 
existing  subways  and  thU-d  tracking  and  extensions 
of  elevated  railroads.  . 

The  city  and  the  two  companies  contributed  large 
sums  for  the  construction  of  subway  lines,  wliile 
cost  of  equipment,  plus  the  cost  of  construcliou  of 
elevated  extensions  and  elevated  third  tracliing  and 
other  improvements,  was  met  by  the  two  companies 
on  the  respective  systems.  Despite  the  aubstautial 
contributions  by  the  comiianies  to  the  expense  of 
subway  construction,  all  subways  and  elevated  ex- 
tensions of  Subways  are  owned  by  the  city,  while 
elevated  railroad  extensions  and  third  tracking  on 
elevated  railroads  remain  the  property  of  the  com- 
panies. The  dual  agreements  included  leases  to  the 
companies  of  the  lines  to  be  operated  by  them  and 
their  subsidiaries. 

The  contracts  called  for  the  construction  of  forty- 
four  and  55  1-100  miles  of  new  subways;  53  10-100 
miles  of  new  elevated  railroads  and  19  8-10  miles 
of  third  tracking  and  other  additional  track  on  the 
existing  elevated  railroads.  The  new  lines,  which 
wUl  consist  ot  about  330  miles  of  single  track,  made 
up  of  260  miles  of  subway;  45  mjles  of  elevated  and 
25  miles  of  new  thhd  track  on  existing  elevated 
structures,  taken  In  connection  with  the  old  lines 
with  their  330  miles  of  track,  constitute  a  mileage 
which  will  exceed  not  only  that  of  all  the  other 
rapid  transit  systems  In  the  United  States,  but, 
according  to  the  best  statistics  at  hand,  of  the  entire 
world.  In  addition,  it  will  be  the  most  modern  and 
the  best  equipped  rapid  transit  system  on  the  globe, 
and  will  carry  passengers  further  for  a  fixed  fare 
than  any  other  transportation  line.  One  ride  of  about 
twenty-three  miles  for  a  5c  fare  wiU  be  possible. 

GREATEST  RAPID  TRANSIT  ADVANCE- 
MENT. 

The  year  1918  saw  the  greatest  rapid  transit  ad- 
vance— In  view  of  the  number  of  new  facilities 
placed  In  service  and  the  transportation  relief  pro- 
vided— In  the  lilstory  of  the  city.  A  number  of  the 
new  Unes  included  in  the  Dual  System  were  placed 
in  operation  previous  to  1918,  but  the  latter  year 
found  most  of  the  principal  trunk  lines  in  complete 
or  partial  service,  with  only  a  few  lines  remaining 
to  be  opened  In  1919  and  1920.  Included  In  the 
lines  which  remain  to  be  finished  are  those  provid- 
ing new  routes  between  Brooklyn  and  Queens  and 
Manhattan  by  tunnels  underneath  the  East  River. 

These  tuimels  are  difficult  engineering  feats  and 
require  a  longer  time  than  does  ordinary  subway  or 
elevated  railroad  construction.  The  past  year,  in 
addition,  represented  an  altogether  new  era,  In 
transportation,  in  that  it  saw  the  Brooklyn  company 
operating  a  hne  extending  far  into  the  heart  of  Man- 
hattan Island.  Previously  the  Brooklyn  com- 
pany barely  skirted  the  eastern  fringe  of  Man- 
hattan, while  the  Interborough  Company  reached 
for  only  a  short  distance  into  Brooklyn.  At  the 
end  ot  the  new  year  both  companies  will  reach  far 


into  the  territory  provlotisly  exclusively  oecupietl 
by  the  other.  What  this  means  in  joining  and  unifv- 
ing  the  several  boroughs  can  be  readily  foreseen." 

Less  than  half  a  dozen  gener.il  important  contracts 
for  the  city  owned  work  yet  remain  to  be  awarded, 
and  but  very  few  more  for  station  finish  Mid  track 
installation.  The  end  of  the  year  1918  witnessed 
most  of  the  construction  contracts  awarded  and 
substantially  completed. 

When  the  Dual  Systenl  contracts  were  signed  the 
flist  subway  had  been  In  operation  tor  nine  years. 
It  consisted,  first,  of  a  four-track  trunk  line  from 
City  Hall  Park  through  Lafayette  Street,  Fourth 
Avenue.  Forty-second  Street'  and  Broadway,  to 
Ninety-sixth  Street,  where  it  forked;  omi  branch 
extending  north  on  Broadway  to  Van  Oortlandt 
Park  and  the  other  branch  to  West  Pai-iris.  The 
major  portion  of  the  above  lines  were  placed  in 
operation  In  1904.  The  work  included  in  tiie  above 
was  known  as  Contract  No.  1,  Contract  .No.  2  was 
subsequently  awarded  and  provided  for  .-in  exten- 
sion ot  the  subway  from  City  Hall  to  Uw  Battery 
and  underneath  the  Edst  Rivoi'  by  various  tiiorough- 
tares  to  a  terminus  at  Atlantic  and  I'^latbush 
Avenues,  Brooklyn. 

The  Dual  System  contract  with  the  Interborough 
Company  was  known  aa  Contract  No.  3,  .ind  with 
the  Brooklyn  Company  as  Contract  No.  4.  Sub- 
sequent to  the  completion  of  the  first  6u))way  the 
city  determined  to  build  certain  additioua!  lines,  in- 
cluding the  so-called  Uiboroiigh  route  'n  Man- 
hattan and  the  Bronx;  the  Centre  Street  Loop  In 
Manhattan  and  the  Fourth  Avenue  Subway  in 
Brooklyn.  All  of  these  lines  later  were  included 
in  the  Dual  System. 

Of  the  Dual  System  lihes,  tliore  were  opened  pre- 
vious to  1918.  exclusive  ot  the  first,  or  old  .subway, 
the  Queeitsboro  subway,  the  new  third  tracks  on 
the  Second,  Third,  and  Ninth  Avenue  elevated 
railroads  in  Manhattan,  operated  by  tl.e  Intei- 
borough  Company;  the  Fourth  Avenue  siibway  in 
Brooklyn,  its  Eighty-sixth  Street  extension;  its  Sea 
Beach  branch  to  Coney  Island;  its  New  Utrecht 
Avenue  branch;  the  Liberty  Avenue  extension  of  the  ■ 
Fulton  Street  elevated  lines;  the  Lutheran  Cemetery 
line  and  large  portions  of  the  third  trackii;g  on  the 
Brooklyn  elevated  lines,  operated  by  the  New  York 
Consolidated  Railroad  Company;  the  Astoria  branch 
of  the  Queensboro  subway;  the  White  Plains  Road 
extension  of  the  first  subway;  the  Corona  branch  of 
the  Queensboro  subway;  a  portion  of  tlie  recon- 
structed Brighton  Beach  line  in  Brooklyn;  a  portion 
of  the  Jamaica  Avenue  extension  of  the  Broadway 
elevated  railroad,  Queens;  the  Jerome  Avenue  branch 
of  the  Lexington  Avenue  subway;  a  portion  of  the 
Seventh  Avenue  subway;  tlie  West  Farms  subway 
connection;  the  Queensboro  Bridge  elevated  Une,  and 
the  Broadway  subway,  Manliattan. 

During  1917,  82  track  miles  of  new  lines  were 

? laced  In  operation,  making  a  total  of  approximately 
70  track  miles  of  new  lines  In  service  at  the  begin- 
ning of  1918.  At  the  time  of  going  to  press  it  was 
estimated  that  about  76  per  cent,  of  the  new  track 
mUeage  of  the  Dual  System  would  be  in  operation 
by  the  end  of  1918. 

NEW  LINES  DINNED  IN  1918. 
Material  addition  was  made  to  the  facilities  then 
In  service  by  the  beginning  of  operation  of  several 
new  Unes  In  1918,  Including  extension  of  operation 
of  the  Broadway  subway,  on  January  5,  for  local 
service  between  Times  Square  and  Union  Square. 
This  line  had  been  opened  to  the  point  last  named 
in  September,  1917.  Operation  of  the  Jerome 
Avenue  line,  begun  In  1917,  was  extendi^!  to  the 
northern  terminus.  Woodlawn,  from  Kingsbridge 
Road,  on  April  15,  1918.  Early  In  January,  1918, 
operation  ot  the  Ninth  Avenue  elevated  railroad 
was  extended  across  the  Harlem  River  to  Sedgwick 
Avenue  by  shuttle  service,  later  with  through-train 
service.  Still  later  the  elevated  train  operation  was 
carried  to  and  over  the  Jerome  Avenue  Une  to 
Klngsbridge  Road.  On  July  1,  the  new  Seventh 
Avenue  subway  was  placed  in  partial  operation  fr<Mn 
Pennsylvania  Station  to  South  Ferry,  while  on  the 
same  day  the  third  track  on  the  Nlntii  Avenue 


Subway  Systems  in  New  York  City — Continued. 


869 


elevated  line,  Irom  125th  Street  to  155th  Street,  was 
put  in  service.  On  July  17,  the  new  Lexington 
Avenue  subway  was  placed  In  use  for  the  first  time, 
rrom  Grand  Central  Station  north  to  167th  Street 
in  the  Bronx,  although  the  tracks  from  149th  to 
i67th  Street  had  been  In  use  for  the  temporary 
Jerome  Avefiue  service,  begun  in  June,  1917. 

Most  important  among  the  transit  developments 
ol  1918  was  the  opening  ol  the  new  East  Side  and 
West  Side  subways  in  Manhattan,  for  through 
service.  The  opening  for  temporary  operation  ol  the 
Seventh  Avenue  and  Lexington  Avenue  lines,  which 
iorm.  portions  respectively  ol  the  West  Side  and 
East  Side  lines,  has  been  referred  to  in  the  preceding 
paragraph.  The  begiuulng  ol  this  through  service 
marked  the  termination  of  service  as  it  has  been 
given  lor  a  period  ol  lourteen  years  on  the  old,  or 
first  subway,  operated  by  the  Interborough  Com- 
pany. 

Under  the  Dual  System  contracts  provision  was 
made  for  dividing  the  first  subway  into  two  principal 
parts:  One,  the  portion  In  Broadway  north  of  42d 
Street,  with  its  branches;  the  other,  the  portion  in 
Fourth  Avenue  and  other  thoroughfares  south  ol 
42d  Street,  on  the  East  Side.  The  portion  first 
relerred  to  was  joined  to  the  new  Seventh  Avenue 
subway,  thus  constituting  the  West  Side  subway, 
while  the  second  portion  relerred  to  was  coupled  up 
with  the  Lexington  Avenue  Une  and  its  branches  in 
the  Bronx,  constituting  the  East  Side  subway.  Such 
recomposition  ol  the  old  subway  line  lelt  the  fotir 
tracks  under  42d  Street,  formerly  utilized  for  the 
through  service,  in  the  position  of  being  a  cross- 
bar between  the  East  Side  and  West  Side  lines, 
which,  taken  together,  resembled  roughly  the  letter 
"H"  in  oppearance.  Tliis  term  was  applied  to  them 
by  the  l.tte  Mayor,  WiUiam  J.  Gaynor. 

The  tracks  composing  the  cross-bar  to  the  "H" 
were  assigned  as  follows:  Two  tracks  for  a  shuttle 
service  between  the  East  Side  and  West  Side  lines, 
and  two  tracks  for  a  continuation  of  the  Queensboro 
subwaj-  west  from  Grand  Central  Station  to  Times 
Square. 

The  operation  ol  the  through  East  and  West  Side 
lines  was  begun  on  August  1,  1918,  with  appropriate 
ceremonies  held  at  the  Hotel  Astor,  and  preceded  by 
the  running  o^  a  special  train  carrying  the  various 
City,  Company,  and  PubUc  Service  Commission 
officials  and  guests  who  participated.  An  effort  was 
made  to  put  the  complete  "H"  project  in  operation 
at  that  time,  but  owing  to  the  extreme  congestion  at 
Grand  Central  Station  and  at  Times  Square,  due  to 
the  unfamiliarity  of  the  travelling  public  with  the 
layout  or  the  lines,  the  shuttle  service  was  temporarily 
suspended  for  a  lew  weeks  alter  a  brief  tryout,  and 
operation  confined  to  the  north  and  south  lines. 

Thus  it  is  now  possible  for  a  subway  traveller  to 
board  a  train  downtown  on  the  Seventh  Avenue 
line  and  go  direct  to  Washington  Heights  or  the 
Bronx  by  a  less  circuitotis  route  than  formerly.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  East  Side  route  is  a  more  direct 
one  to  points  In  East  Harlem  and  the  Bronx,  while 
larger  parts  of  the  sections  traversed  by  the  Lexington 
Avenue  subway,  and  by  the  Seventh  Avenue  subway 
as  well,  have  now  achieved  subway  service  for  the 
first  time. 

The  Seventh  Avenue  subway  divides  near  Cham- 
bers Street  into  two  two-track  branches,  one  going 
south  to  the  Battery,  while  the  other  extends  through 
Park  Place,  Beekman  and  William  Streets  to  \vall 
Street,  the  terminus  of  service  when  the  line  was 
fUst  opened,  but  to  be  extended  by  the  Clark  Street 
tunnel  (now  under  construction),  to  Brooklj-n  early 
in  1918  The  Sevepth  Avenue  line  continues  north 
from  Chambers  Street  and  Varick  Street,  through 
Variek  Street  extension  and  Seventh  Avenue,  joining 
the  old  subway  at  Times  Square.  .  . 

The  Lexington  Avenue  subway  joins  the  old  sub- 
way near  42d  Street  and  Park  Avenue,  tiu-ns  diagon- 
ally into  Lexington  Avenue,  and  continues  north  to 
and  under  the  Harlem  River,  dividing  into  two 
branches  in  the  vicinity  of  138th  Street.  One  of 
these  branches,  still  partlaUy  under  construction  late 
in  1918.  extends  east  as  a  subway,  and  then  as  an 
elevated  line  to  Pelham  Bay  Park,  while  the  other 
continues  north  as  a  subway  and  then  as  an  elevated 
line,  under  Mott,  River,  and  Jerome  Avenues  to 
Woodlawn.  In  addition,  a  connection  has  been 
made  between  the  last  named  branch  of  the  West 
Farms  branch  of  the  old  Une  (now  a  part  of  the 


West  Side  line),  so  that  it  is  possible  to  operate 
trains  from  the  West  Farms  branch  over  both  the 
West  Side  line  and  over  the  East  Side  line.  The 
stations  on  the  West  Side  Une  are  as  follows: 

Battery  branch  (Seventh  Avenue  subway) :  South 
Ferry,  Rector  Street,  Cortlandt  Street,  Chambers 
Street. 

Brooklyn  branch  (Seventh  Avenue  subway) :  Wall 
Street,  Fulton  Street,  Park  Place,  Chambers  Street. 
Seventh  Avenue  subway  (north  of  Chambers 
Street):  Franklin  Street,  Canal  Street,  Houston 
Street,  Christopher  Street,  Sheridan  Square,  14th 
Street,  18th  Street,  23d  Street,  28th  Street,  Penn- 
sylvania Station,  Times  Square. 

Old  Subway  (main  line) :  50th  Street,  59th  Street, 
66th  Street,  72d  Street,  79th  Street,  86th  Street,  91st 
Street,  96th  Street. 

Old  Subway  (Broadway  branch):  103d  Street, 
110th  Street,  Columbia  University — 116th  Street, 
Manhattan  Street — 128th  Street,  City  College — 
137th  Street,  145th  Street,  157th  Street,  168th  Street, 
181st  Street,  191st  Street,  Dyckman  Street,  207th 
Street.  215th  Street,  225th  Street,  231st  Street,  238th 
Street,  241st  Street. 

Old  Subway  (Lenox  Avenue-West  Farms  branch) : 
110th  Street,  116th  Street,  125th  Street,  135th 
Street,  145th  Street,  Mott  Avenue,  Third  Avenue, 
Jackson  Avenue,  Prospect  Avenue,  Intervale  Avenue, 
Simpson  Street,  Freeman  Street,  174th  Street,  177th 
Street,  Bronx  Park. 

Old  Subway  (White  Plains  Road  extension) :  East 
180th  Street,  Morris  Park,  Bronx  Park  East,  Pelham 
Parkway,  Allerton  Avenue,  Biu-ke  Avenue,  Gvm  Hill 
Road,  East  219th  Street,  East  225th  Street,  East 
233d  Street,  Nereid  Avenue — 238th  Street,  241st 
Street.    (Last  named  station  to  be  opened  in  1919.) 

NOTE — The  Brooklyn  connection  of  the  West  Side 
line  has  been  completed,  and  stations  at  Clark  Street 
and  Borough  Hall  have  been  placed  in  service. 

The  stations  on  the  East  Side  line  are  as  follows: 

Old  Subway  (Brooklyn  branch) :  Atlantic  Avenue, 
Nevins  Street,  Hoyt  Street,  Borough  Hall. 

Old  Subway  (main  line):  South  Ferry,  Bowling 
Green,  Wall  Street,  Fulton  Street,  City  Hall,  Brook- 
lyn Bridge,  Worth  Street,  Canal  Street,  Spring 
Street,  Bleecker  Street,  8th  Street,  14th  Street,  18th 
Street,  23d  Street,  28th  Street,  33d  Street. 

Lexington  Avenue  Subway:  Grand  Central 
Station,  51st  Street,  59th  Street,  68th  Street — 
Hunter  College,  77th  Street,  86th  Street,  96th  Street, 
103d  Street,  110th  Street,  116th  Street,  125th  Street. 

Lexington  Avenue  Subway  (Jerome  Avenue 
branch):  Mott  Haven,  149th  Street,  IBlst  Street, 
167th  Street,  170th  Street,  Belmont  Street.  176tb 
Street,  New  York  University,  183d  Street,  Fordham 
Road,  Kingsbrldge  Road,  Bedford  Park  Boulevard, 
Woodlawn.  ,  „        .„    , 

Lexington  Avenue  Subway  (Pelham  Bay  Park 
branch):  Third  Avenue,  Brook  Avenue,  Cypress 
Avenue,  East  143d  Street,  East  149th  Street,  Long- 
wood  Avenue,  Hunt's  Point  Avenue,  Wlutlock 
Avenue,  Elder  Avenue,  Clasons  Point  Road,  St. 
Lawrence  Avenue,  East  177th  Street,  Castle  Hll 
Avenue,  Zerega  Avenue,  Westchester  Square. 
Mlddletown  Road,  Buhre  Avenue,  and  Pelham  BaJ 
Park 

Very  serious  delays  in  the  work  ol  construction  oj 
the  new  lines  occiu-red  during  the  latter  part  ol  1917 
and  a  portion  ol  1918,  owing  to  the  fact  that  tht 
demands  caused  by  war  conditions  had  been  such  as 
to  delay  the  work,  and  in  some  respects  to  bring  il 
almost  to  a  halt.  The  effect  was  to  delay  the  com- 
pletion ol  certain  lines,  the  operation  ol  which  was 
expected  in  1918,  and  to  put  further  back  the  opening 
date  lor  other  Unes,  the  completion  ol  which  was 
looked  lor  in  1919.  Considerable  work,  however, 
has  been  so  far  advanced  that  its  operation  during 
1919  is  looked  for.  .    ^  .  .,      m  i      . 

Among  the  lines  which  it  is  expected  will  be  in 
service  before  December,  1919,  are: 

(For  operation  by  the  Interborough) :  The 
Webster  Avenue  extension.  Third  Avenue  elevated 
line-  subway  portion,  Pelham  Bay  Park  line,  from 
Third  Avenue  to  Himt's  Point  Road;  Eastert 
Parkway  line,  Brooklyn,  with  its  Nostrand  Avenu< 

'^For'  operation  by  the  New  York  Consolldatec 
Railroad  Company— B.  R.  rj):  Culver  hne,  from 
Ninth  Avenue  to  Avenue  X;  Coney  Island  terminal 
Broadway  subway,  from  42d  Street  to  59th  Street 
and  from  Whitehall  Street  to  Brooklyn;  59th  Stree* 


870 


Causes  of  Deafness. 


SUBWAY  SYSTEMS  IN  NEW  YORK  GTVY— Continued. 


Bubwav,  Irom  Seventh  Avenue,  Manliattan,  to  a 
connection  with  the  Queens  lines. 

The  new  lines  assigned  for  operation  to  the  Inter- 
Dorough  Rapid  Transit  Company,  under  the  Dual 
System  contracts,  are:  The  Seventh  Avenue  subway, 
tJie  Lexington  Avenue  subway,  the  White  Plains 
Road  extension,  Jerome  Avenue  and  Pelham  Bay 
Park  branches  of  the  I^exlngton  Avenue  line,  the 
349th  Street  connection,  the  Clark  Street  tunne!  line 
to  Brooklyn,  the  Flatbush  Avenue-Eastern  Parkway 
line,  Brooklyn;  the  Nostrand  Avenue  branch, 
Brooklyn;  Livonia  Avenue  branch,  Brooklyn;  Queeas- 
boro  subway,  the  Corona  branch  and  the  Astoria 
branch,  together  with  third-tracking  and  reeon- 
fitruetion  on  the  Second,  Third,  and  Seventh  Avenue 
elevated  lines,  with  extensions  of  the  Third  Avenue 
and  Ninth  Avenue  lines  In  the  Bronx. 

The  Unes  similarly  assigned  to  the  B.  R.  T.  for 
operation  Include:  The  Centre  Street  Loop  subway, 
the  Fourth  Avenue  subway,  the  Sea  Beach,  West 
End,  and  Culver  branches;  trackage  rights  over  the 
Corona  and  Astoria  branches;  the  Broadway  subway 
In  Manhattan;  the  59th  Street  subway  lu  Manhattan; 
Canal  Street  subway  In  Manhattan;  the  Montague 
Street  Tunnel  line;  the  14th  Street-Eastern  line, 
and  the  Broad  Street  subway;  together  with  third- 
tracking  on  the  Broadway,  Myrtle  ."Avenue,  and 
Fulton  Street  Unes;  construction  of  the  Jamaica 
Avenue  Une  and  of  the  Liberty  Avenue  line,  with  re- 
construction of  the  Coney  Island  Terminal  and  East 
New  York  Yards,  and  reconstmctlon  of  the  Brighton 
Beach  line,  and  connection  of  the  same  with  the 
Fourth  Avenue  subway.  The  connection  of  the 
Fulton  Street  elevated  line  with  the  Fourth  Avenue 
subway  Is  also  a  part  of  the  plan,  when  approved  by 
the  Board  of  Estimate. 

TWELVE  NEW  RIVER  TUBES. 

More  subaqueous  tunnel  work  is  under  construc- 
tion for  dual  system  lines  than  has  ever  been  at- 
tempted before.  This  work  represents  an  expen- 
diture of  some  S30,000,000,  and  includes  four  new 
tunnels  of  two  tubes  each  and  one  tunnel  of  four 
tubes.  The  last  named  connects  the  Lexington 
Avenue  Une  in  Manhattan  with  its  Bronx  branch. 
The  other  tunnels  mentioned  are  the  Sixtieth  Street 
tunnel    connecting    the    Fifty-ninth    Street    subway 


with  the  Queens  line;  the  tunnel  for  the  I'ourteentb 
Street-Eastern  Une;  the  new  Interboroug'a  tunnci 
between  Manhattan  and  Brooklyn  and  the  tuunil 
connection  between  the  Broadway  subway  in  Man- 
hattan and  the  Fourth  Avenue  subway  In  Brooklyn. 

^'V^len  the  South  Brooklyn  rapid  transit  lines, 
operated  by  the  Brooklyn  company,  are  entirely 
reconstructed,  a  5c  fare  wlU  be  given  to  Coney 
Island,  thus  standardizing  the  fare  chaise^  over 
all  portions  of  the  B.  R.  T.  lines.  TranKf<:rs  wilt 
be  freely  given  between  the  elevated  and  subway 
portions  of  this  line,  so  that  it  will  be  iwssible  for 
a  passenger  to  reach  any  particular  staiion  on 
any  one  of  the  Unes  from  any  other  pr-rticular 
station  for  one  fare.  Many  new  tran.'Sfcr  points 
between  elevated  and  subway  lines  wiU  be  added 
under  the  Brooklyn  company's  operation. 

While  practically  no  new  transfer  poini?  will  be 
added  l)etween  elevated  and  subway  lines  on  the 
Interborough  system,  the  length  of  ride  for  a  5c 
fare  on  both  Interborough  elevated  and  subway 
lines  will  be  vastly  extended.  Under  Interborough 
operation  It  wUl  be  possible  as  a  maximuiu  ride  for 
a  passenger  to  go  from  the  Two  Hundred  and 
Forty-first  Street  station  on  the  White  Plains  Roaxl 
Une,  near  the  Mount  Vernon  line,  to  New  Lots 
Avenue  on  the  Livonia  Avenue  extension;  near  the 
shore  of  Jamaica  Bay. 

As  stated  above,  the  city  Is  to  furnish  most  ol 
the  money  for  the  building  of  the  new  sulnvay  lines 
and  subway  extensions,-  with  contributions  from 
each  company  toward  the  cost  of  construciion,  and 
with  the  total  co.'jt  of  equipment  met  by  the  com- 
panies. This  equipment  is  to  become  the  iiroperty 
of  the  City  of  New  York  when  placed  in  operation 
and  the  cost  Is  to  be  amortized  out  of  earishiys. 

The  total  cost  of  the  dual  system,  iiicluding 
equipment,  real  estate,  power  house  oousf.ruction 
and  changes,  interest  during  construction,  etc.,  will 
be  in  the  neighborhood  of  $400,000,000,  and  iu 
excess  of  the  cost  of  any  other  ongineerinj;  ijperatiou, 
according  to  engineering  authorities.  Of  t'.o  above 
sum  about  $60,000,000  will  be  contribute.';  by  the 
Brooklyn  company;  about  .'6146.000,000  by  the 
Interborough  Rapid  Transit  Company,  luid  the 
remainder,  approximately  8194,000,000,  I'y  the 
City  of  New  York. 


RAILROAD    PASSENGER    STATIONS    IN    MANHATTAN. 


Baltimore  &  Ohio,  foot  W.  23d  and  Liberty  Streets. 
Central  of  New  Jersey,  foot  of  W.  23d  and  Liberty 

Streets;  Sandy  Hoojc  Route  (in  Summer),  foot  of 

W.  42d  and  Cedar  Streets,  also. 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western,  foot  of  Barclay, 

Christopher  and  W.  23d  Streets. 
Erie,  foot  ot  Chambers  and  West  23d  Streets. 
Hudson    Terminal,    Cortlandt,    Dcy,    Chuj-eh    and 

Fulton  Streets.     Hudson  and  Manhattan  R.  R., 

Newark  and  Jersey  City  to  Morton  St.,  N.  Y.,  to 

Christopher  St.,  to  6th  Ave.,  along  6th  Ave.  to 

?3d  St 
Lehigh    Valley,    foot    of    West    23d    and    Liberty 

Streets. 
Long  Island,  7th  Ave.  and  33d  St.,  foot  East  34ili 

St.  Atlantic  Avenue  Brancli,  junction  of  Flatbush 

and  Atlantic  Avenues,  Brooldyu. 
New  Jersey  <fe  New  York,  foot  of  Chambers  and 

West  23d  Streets. 
New  York  &  "Lon".  Branch,  foot  Liberty,  Cortlandt, 

Desbrosses,  West  23d  Streets  and  7th  Ave.  and 

32d  Street.    In  Summer,  foot  West  42d  and  Cedar 

Streets,  also. 
New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River,  42d  .St.  and 

4th  Ave.;   Harlem,   I25th   St.;   Harlem   Division, 

4th  Ave.  and  42d  St.,   125th;  Putnam   DivLsion, 

165th  Street  and  Eighth  Ave.  


New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford,  4tli   .\venuo 

and  42d  Street. 
New  York,  Ontario  &  Western,  foot  of  (.  orilandt, 

and  West  42d  Streets. 
New     York,     Susquehanna    &     Western,     Joot     ol 

Chambers  and  W.  23d  Streets. 
Northern   of   New  Jersey,   foot    of   Chaniiirs  and 

West  23d  Streets. 
Penns.vlvanla,    foot    of    Cortlandt    and     I ?;.sbr(.BSf,-s 

Streets,  7th  Avenue,  31st  to  33d  Street  anO  Hudson 

Terminal. 
Philadelphia  &  Reading,  foot  of  W.  23d  :ii;d  Liberty 

Strcct'S 
Staten  Isiand,  foot  of  Whitehall  Street. 
\\'cst  Shore,  foot  Cortlandt  and  west  42d  streets. 

Owing  to  the  war  the  United  States  lioilroad 
Administration,  late  in  1918,  ordered  thj  lialtlmoro 
and  Ohio  trains  and ,  tlie  Lehigh .  Valley  impress 
trains  to  use  the  New  York'  City  Pen;  isylvania 
Terminal.  Lehigh  Valley  local  trains  wt^i--  directed 
to  use  the  old  Pennsylvania  Terminni,  Soot  o( 
Montgomery  St.,  Jersey  City. 

Many  of  the  ticket  offices  of  the  vari<;:;s  roads 
were  consolidated,  and  tmion  ticket  oftU'cs  were 
establLshed  as  follows:  Manhattan,  64  Uroadway; 
67  Chambers  St.,  31  W.  32d  St.,  114  V/.  42d  St. 
Brooklyn,  336  Fulton  St. 


CAUSES    OF    DEAFNESS. 

(From  the  1917  Report  ol  the  New  York  Institution  for  the  Instruction  of  the  Deaf  and  Dyrab.) 

The  causes  of  deafness,  recorded  from  the  .statement  of  parents  and  friends,  at  the  time  of  the  ad- 
miseion  of  the-pupU,  were  as  follows:  -     ,.    , 

Accidents,  2;  catarrh,  1;  cerebro-spirui!  raenirgitis,  99;  cramps,  1;  consumption  of  the  stomach,  r, 
concussion  of  brain,  1;  eczema,  1;  pneumonia,  6;  rickets,  5;  smallpox,  1;  vaeclnatlon,  2;  otltls-medla,  2; 
typhoid  fever,  1;  typhus  fever,  1:  unnamed  fevers,  1;  brain  fever,  35;  scarlet  fever,  22;  earache,  1;  congenital, 
198;  hysteria,  1;  marasmus,  1;  running  ears,  23;  removal  of  adenoids,  1;  heart  trouble,  1;  indigestion,  1; 
inflammation  of  the  ear,  1;  worms,  1;  lockjaw,  1;  convulsions,  9;  fright,  2;  membrane  croup,  1;  abacese  oi 
the  ear,  3;  whooping  cough,  2;  falls,  21;  unknown,  29;  measles,  3.  ,        -  „ 

Ages  at  which  loss  of  hearing  occurred  are — Congenital,  198;  before  1  year,  34;  between  1  ana  2  years, 
49;  2  years,  36;  3  years,  29;  4  years,  23;  5  year.-.  J3;  6  years,  8;  7  years,  6;  8  yeare^  6;  10  years.  3;  12. years, 
3;  13  years,  1;  14  years,  3;  unknown,  72.  ■■ -'  i    •  -  -  "  ■  "' 


Asylums  and  Homes  in  Manhattan  and  Bronx. 871 


ASYLUMS    AND    HOMES    IN 

American  Female  Guardian  Society  and  Home  for 

the  Friendless,  936  Woodycrest  Ave. 
Anthony  Home,  119  E.  29th  St.      ^  ^,      .      .  „„  . 
Association  for  the  Relief  of  Respectable,  Aged  and 

Indigent  Females,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  104th  bt. 
Baptist  Home  for  the  Aged,  116  E.  68th  St. 
Bellevue  Settlement  Home,  206  E   SOth  St. 
Bide-a-Wee  Home  (tor  Ammals),  410  E.  38th  bt. 
Big  Sisters'  Home,  378  E.  Tremont  Ave 
Caaa  Maria  Home  for  Working  Girls,  251  W   14th  St. 
CathoUc    Home   Bureau   for   Dependent    Children, 

Cattioliflnsmute  for  Blind  Sisters  of  St.  Dominic, 

Ca\hollc  Institute  for  the  BUnd.  222d  St.  and  East 

Ca^hoUc^Protectory,  Westchester,  N.  Y.    City  office 

and  reception  house,  415  Broome  St. 
Children's -Cottage.  1960  Anthony  Ave. 
Christian  Home  for  Girls  (see  Maedchenhelm). 
Christian  Walters'  Home,  427  E.  51st  St. 
Christian  Workers'  Home.  7  Gramercy  Park  West. 
Christodora  House,  145  Ave.  B. 
Chrj-stie  Street  House,  77  Horatio  St.  r^„„rt 

Church  or  God  Missionary  Home,  2132-2146  Grand 

AvG 
Church  -Mission  of  Help,  37  E   28th  St.         ,„„,,,„ 
City  Ho:ae  for  the  Aged  and  Infirm,  BlackweU  s 

Clara  de  Hirsch  Home  for   Immigrant  Girls    (see 

Hannah  Lavanburg  Home).        .  • 

Clara  de  Hirsch  Home  for  Working  Girls,  225  E. 

Colored   Orphan   Asylum,   PaUsade  Ave.    and    W. 

Coto?e*d  fvorklng  Girls.  Home  for,  132  W  131st  St. 
Co-operative  Home  for  SmaU-Salaried  Gh-Is,  444  W. 

Darrach  Home  for  Crippled  Children  118  W.  104th  St 
Dominican  Convent  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Rosary,  329 

Dominican  Sisters'  Home  for  Working  Girls.   207 

D^V  oVHope'(Tappan,  N  Y.)  offlce,  122  W.  Uth  St. 
East  Side  Home  for  Destitute  Chlldr.,  326  E.  121st  St. 
Edgewater  Creche  (Englewood,  N.  J.),  offlce,  Wo  Jh. 

El'fzibfth  Home  for  Girls,  307  E.  12th  St. 
Empire  Friendly  Shelter,  116  W.  133d  St. 
Epheta  Home,  272  W.  25th  St.  „^ ,  , 

Finnish  Women's  Co-operative  Home,  241  Lenox  Ave. 
Five  Points  House  of  Industry,  offlce.  454  W.  23d  bt. 
Florence  Crlttenton  Home,  427  W.  21st  St. 
Forty-fourth  Street  House  tor  Boys.  247  E.  44th  St. 
Foundling  Hospital  Asylum,  175  E  68th  St. 
Free  Home  for  Young  Girls,  23  E.  11th  St. 
French  Evangelical  Home  for  Young  Women,  341 

W.  30th  St.  „.  „  .„   „„ J  c^ 

German  Girls  Home,  217  E.  dii"  St.  _ 
German  Lutheran  Emigrant  House.  21  Pearl  St. 
God's  Providence  House.  330  Broome  St. 
Half-Orphan  Asylum,  Manhattan  Ave.  and  104th  St. 
Hannah  Lavanburg  Home,  320  Second  Ave. 
Harlem  Boys'  Home,  136  E   x27th  St. 
Harlem  Home  of  the  Daughters  of  Israel.  32  E.  119th 

St 
i^?/^"fnf?nTA8'y}um.-  ^'sle'^ome  for  Hebrew  In- 
Hebrew  National  Orphan  House,  57  E.  7th  St. 
Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  138th 

Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Society— Orphan  Asy- 

nXe  T^e  WiUMei'sters  of  the  Poor).  213 
^70th  St :  135  W    106th  St.;  Belmont  Ave.  and 

Home^fo^r  Aged  and  Infirm  Hebrews.  121  W,  105th  St  • 
Home  for  Destitute  Blind.  Amsterdam  Ave.  and 

HbmVto?  Disch'd  Women  Prisoners,  17  Beekman  PI 
Home   for   the   Friendless    (see  American    Female 

Ho^'mefor^FrlendS  Girls  (see  Waahington  Square 

Ho^r?MS'Tnf^n'?§!-Kingsbridge    Rd.  and 

H^'iS^lmmigrano  and  Needy  Wayfarers  (Jewish) 

almeforlncuraSfe.  Third  Ave.  and  182d  St. 


MANHATTAN    AND    BRONX. 

Home  for  Industrious  Boys,  375  Lafayette  St. 
Home  for  Old  Men  and  Aged  Couples,  Amsterdam 

Home'of^the  Daughters  of  Jacob,  302  E.  Broadway. 
Home  of  the  Sons  and  Daughters  of  Israel,  ^6i  Uj. 

Hopper,  Isaac  T..  Home,  110  Second  Aye. 
House  of  the  Annunciation   for   Crippled   and   in- 
curable Children,  155th  St.  and  Broadway. 

House  of  Calvary,  Featherbed  Lane  and  Macombfl 

H^e*^bf  the  Good  Shepherd,  90th  St.  and  East 

Hous^  of  the  Holy  Comforter,  Home  for  Incurablea, 
Riverside  Drive  and  139th  St.  ,   .„„   ' 

House  of  the  Holy  Family,  136  Second  Ave. 

House  of  Refuge,  Randall's  Island.       .     „,     , 

Howard  Mission  and  Home  for  Little  Wanderers. 
225  E.   11th  St.         „   „     ,.  „ 

Huguenot  Home,  237  W.  24th  St. 

Hungarian  Immigrants'  Home,  32  Pearl  St. 

Hungarian  Sisters  Home,  231  E.  72d  St. 

Hungarian  Workers'  Home,  351  E.  7»th  bt. 

Immigrant  Glris'  Home.  9  State  St. 

Industrial  Christian  Alliance,  35  Perry  St.  . 

Insane  Asylum  (Manhattan  State  Hospital),  Wards 

Institution  for  the  Improved  Instruction  of  Deaf 
Mutes,  Lexington  Aye.  and  67th  St. 

Institution  of  Mercy,  Madison  Ave.  and  8l8t  bt. 

International  Institute  for  Young  Women,  108  E. 
30th  St.  ^   ,,       „    ,    „,,„ 

Inwood  House.  Bolton  Road.  New  York  (:ity. 

Isabella  Helmath.  Amsterdam  Ave  and  190th  St. 

Israel  Orphan  Asylum.  274  Second  St. 

Jeanne  d'Arc  Home  'or  French  Girls,  251  W  24th  St. 

Jewish  Convalescence  Home,  185  Iprsyth  St. 

Tjadips'  Christian  Union,  maintains  the  Young 
Women's  Home,  49  W  9th  St.;  Branch  Horn* 
^ns  Second  Ave.;  The  Eva,  153  E.  62d  St.,  TM 
Rosema??N4  W.   12th  St.;  The  Katherine.   Uh. 

Lelle  &*  Watts  Orphan  Asylum.  Hawthorne  Ave.. 

Leo^HoSrfor°German  Catholic  Immigrants.  6  State 

St 
Lincoln  Hospital  and  Home,  Concord  Ave. 

141st  St.  o  o»  »    ay 

Lutheran  Pilgrim  House,  8  State  bt. 
Maedchenhelm,  217  E.  62d  St.  .„„,„^v 

Manhattan  State  Hospital  (Insane  Asylum), 

Tsl  HTlfi 

Margaret  and  Sarah  Switzer  Institute  and  Home 
(Girls),  27  Christopher  St  '  ■ 

Margaret  Louisa.  The  (Y.  W.  C   A.)    14  E.  16th  St 
Margaret  Strachan  Home  for  Women,  103  W.  27tli 

St 

Messiah  Home,  W.  Tremont  and  Andrews  Ayes. 
Methodist    Episcopal    Church    Home,    Amsterdam 

Methodt°'^Deacones3  Home    1175  Madison  Ave. 

Missionary  Home,  690  Eighth  Aye. 

Monteflore  Home  and  Hospital,   Gun  Hill   Roaa. 

MSntes^ori  Chlfdreh's  House,  673  West  End  Aye.  ^ 
Newsboys'    Lodging   House   (Brace   Memorial),    14 
New  Chambers  St  „   ,  „„  ,  o*  ■■ 

New  York  Home  for  Homeless  Boys,  443  E.  123d  St. 
New  York  Infants  Asylum,  161  W.  61st  St. 
New  York  Institute  for  the  Education  of  the  Blind. 

New  Y^rk^UtUutlon  for  the  InstrucUon  of  the  Deaf 

and  Dumb,  Ft.  Washington  Ava  and  W   163d  bt, 

N.  Y.  Magdaien  Home,  Dyckman  St.  nr  Ri/er  f  oSd 

Night  Refuge  for  Homely  W°°i^=°'^^,.Y^,f  st  ®'- 
Norwegian  Immigrants'  Home.  45  Whitehall  St. 
Old  ladles'  Home.  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  104th  St. 
Orphans'  Home  and  Asylum  of  the  P.  E.  Churcn. 

PeSy  Ho1iefS?ige'd'*and'-lndlgent  Women.  2064 

PouKaS"  AUlance  Immigrant  Home,  180  Sec- 

Po°fsh  Nat.  Home  of  New  York  404  E.  15th  ft. 
Presbvterlan  Home  for  Aged  Women,  49  hj.  7Ja  in. 
Refina  Angelorum  Working  Girls'  Home.   112  E. 

RoS  Iholom  Sisterhood.  157  E.  9«h  St-.^ ^    .  „,  ' 
Roman   Catholic  Orphan  Asylum,  Sedgwick  Ave. 
and  Klngsbridge  Road. 


and  E. 


Ward's 


872       Hospitals  in  Maahaiiaii^  Bronx  and  Richmond  Boroughs. 

ASYLUMS  AND  HOMES  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX — Continued. 


Rusalan  Immigrant  Home,  347  E.  14th  St. 

Sacred  Heart  Orphan  Asylum,  Ft.  Washington  Ave. 
and  190tli  St. 

Sailors*  Home  and  Institute,  399  West  St. 

St.  Ann's  Home  lor  Children,  504  E.  90th  St. 

8t.  Barnabas's  House,  304  Mulberry  St. 

St.  Benedict's  Home  lor  Destitute  Colored  Children, 
376  Lafayette  St. 

St.  Francis's  Lodging  House  for  Women,  HE.  128rh 
St. 

St.  Francis's  Home,  609  E.  5th  St. 

St.  John's  Home  lor  Working  Girls,  132  W.  131st  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Asylum,  220  E.  4th  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Aged,  209  W.  15th  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Destitute  Children  (Peeksklll, 
N.  Y.) ;  House  of  Reception.  12  W.  129th  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  Working  Girls,  117  Broad  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Industrial  Home,  47  E.  81st  St. 

St.  Joseph's  Institute  for  Deaf  Mutes,  Eastern 
Boulevard,  Throgg's  Neck. 

St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  Avenue  A  and  89th  St. 

St.  Luke's  Home  for  Aged  Women,  Broadway  and 
114th  St. 

St.  Mary's  Home,  143  W.  14th  St. 

8t.  Margaret's  Home  for  Working  Girls,  603  Walton 
Ave. 

St.  Philip's  Home  for  Industrious  Working  Boys,  417 
Broome  St. 

St.  Raphael's  Home  for  Italian  Immigrants,  8  Charl- 
ton St. 

St.  Rita's  Home,  307  W.  136th  St. 

St.  Rose's  Free  Home  for  Incurable  Caimer,  71  Jack- 
sou  St. 


St.  Vincent  de  Paul  Asylum,  215  W.  39th  St. 

St.  Zita's  Home  for  Friendless  Women,  123  E.  52d 
St.  and  221  E.  79th  St. 

Salvation  Army,  National  Headquarters,  120  W. 
14th  St.;  Home  for  Orphans  and  Deserted  Chil- 
dren, Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.;  Industrial  Homes  for 
Men,  533  W.  48th  St.  and  229  E.  120th  St.;  Rescue 
Home  for  Fallen  Women,  318  E.  15tli  .St.:  Hotel 
for  Men  (Memorial  Hotel),  225  Bowery;  Shelter  for 
Homeless  Women,  243  Bowery. 

Samaritan  Home  for  the  Aged,  414  W.  22d  St. 

Scandinavian  Immigrants'  Home,  22  Greenwich  St, 

Scandinavian  Mission  Home,  691  Lexingtor,  Ave- 

Seamen's  Church  Institute.  25  South  St. 

Seaside  Home  for  Crippled  Children,  170  \\ .  74tll  St. 

SevlUa  Home  for  Children,  Lafayette  Ave.  an<l 
Maulda  St. 

Shelter  for  Respectable  Girls,  212  E.  46tli  St. 

Shelter  lor  Women  With  Children,  311  E.  12th  St. 

Sheltering  Arms,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  129tl)  St. 

Slavonic  Immigrant  Society,  436  W.  23d  St. 

Swedish  Lutheran  Immigrant  Home,  5  Water  St. 

Swiss  Benevolent  Society  Home.  35  W.  67th  St. 

Trinity  Chapel  Homo,  1666  Bussing  Ave. 

Tyndall  Home,  59  W.  I33d  St. 

Washington  Square  Home  for  Friendless  Girls,  9  W. 
8th  St. 

Wavei-ley  House,  38  W.  10th  St. 

Webb's  Academy  and  Home  for  ShipbuUdcjis,  Betlg- 
wick  Ave.  and  188th  St. 

West  Side  Home  for  Boys,  225  W.  35th  St. 

Young  Women's  flomo.  (See  Ladles'  C'hrlstiau 
Union.) 


HOSPITALS  IN  MANHATTAN     BRONX  AND  RICHMOND  BOROUGHS. 


A.  S.  P.  C.  A.  Shelter  and  Hospital,  Ave.  A.  and 
24th    St. 

American  Veterinary  Hospital,  141  W.  54th  St. 

Babies'  Hospital,   135  E.  55tU  St. 

Bellevue  Hospital,  First  Ave.  and  E.  26th  St. 

Beth    David    Hospital,    1824    Lexington    Ave. 

Beth  Israel  Hospital,  Jefferson  and  Cherry  Ste. 

Beth  Israel  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  146  Monroe  St. 

Bide-arWee  Home  for  Animals,  410  E.  38th  St. 

Blaokwell's   Island    (see   City    Hospital). 

Bloomingdale  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  White 
Plains,  N.  Y.;  Office,  8  W.  16th  St. 

Bloomingdale  Clinic,  225  W.  99th  St. 

Broad  Street  Hospital,  129  Broad  St. 

Bronx  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  469  E.  141st  St. 

Brons  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  1385  Fulton  Ave. 

Bronx  Jewish  Maternity  Hospital,  1525  Wash- 
ington Ave. 

Bronx  Maternity  Hospital,  1668  Bathgate  Ave. 

Central  IsUp  State  Hospital  (Insane),  Central 
Islip,  L.  I.:  Office,  30  E.  42d  St. 

Children's  Clinics  (Department  of  Health):    Man- 

,  hattan — Gouverneur  Slip  (Eye).  Pleasant  Ave. 
and  118th  St.  (Eye,  Nose  and  Throat).  449 
East  121st  St.  (Dental;  Eye).  P.  S.  144,  Hester 
and  Allen  Sts.  (Eye).  P.  S.  21,  222  Mott  St.  (Eye). 
Bronx — 580  E.  169th  St.  (Dental;  Eye,  Nose 
and  Throat).  Richmond — 689  Bay  St.,  Stapleton, 
S.   I.   (Dental). 

Children's  Hospital,  Randall's  Island. 

City    Hospital,    Blackwell's    Island. 

College  of  Dental  and  Oral  Surgery  of  New  York, 
Infirmary,  302  E.  35th  St. 

Columbus  Hospital,  226  E.  20th  St. 

Cornell  University  Medical  College,  First  Ave. 
and  28th  St. 

Demllt  Dispensary,  245  E.  23d  St. 

Dispensary  for  Animals,  A.  S.  P.  C.  A.,  Avenue  A 
and  24th  St. 

Dispensary  Reformed  Church  of  Harlem,  ISO  E. 
122d   St. 

Emergency  Relief  Station  for  City  and  Metro- 
politan Hospitals,  ft.  E.  70th  St. 

First  Field  Hospital,  56  W.  66th  St. 

Floating  Hospital,  St.  John's  Guild.  Office  103 
Park    Ave.     , 

Flower  Hospital,  Eastern  Boulevard  and  63d  Rt. 

Fordhara  Hospital,  Crotona  Ave.  and  Southern 
Boulevard. 

Fordham  Hospital  (annex),  2533  Canlbreling  Ave. 

Foundling  Hospital  (see  New  York  Foundlinp, 
Hospital) . 

French  Hospital,  450  W.  34tl»  St. 


German  Ho.spltal  and  Dispensary  (now  called  L«;n(a 
Hill  Hospital),  Park  Ave.  and  77tU  St. 

Good  Samaritan  Dispensary,  75  Essex  St. 

Gouverneur  Hospital.  Gouverneur  Slip  and  I'ront  St. 

Grace  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  414  E.  14th  St, 

Hahnemann  Hospital,  Park  Ave.  between  67tlj 
and   68th  Sta. 

Harlem  Dispensary.  108  E.   128th  St. 

Harlem  Eye,  Ear  and  Throat.  Infirmary,  2((&9 
Lexington   Ave. 

Harlem  Hospital,   Lenox  Ave.  and   136th  St. 

Harlem  Italian  Sanitarium,  281  Pleasant  Ave. 

Har  Moriah  Hospital,   138  2d  St. 

Herman  Knapp  Memorial  Eye  Hospital,  Tenth 
Ave.    and    57th    St. 

Home  Hospital,  522  E.  78th  St. 

Hospital  and  House  of  Rest  for  Consumptives. 
Inwood,   N.  Y.   C,  Office.   59  E.   69th   St. 

Hospital  for  Contagious  Eye  Diseases,  j'leasant 
Ave.   and    118th   St. 

Hospital  for  Deformities  and  Joint  Diseases,  1919 
Madison    Ave. 

Hospital  for  Incurables,  City  Home  for  Aged  anrt 
Infirm,    Blackwell's    Island. 

Hospital  for  Ruptured  and  Crippled,  321  E.  42d  St. 

House  of  the  Annunciation  for  Crippled  and  In- 
curable  Children,    Broadway    and    155th    St. 

House  of  Calvary  (Cancer,  Lupus,  etc.),  i'Vather- 
bed  Lane  and  Macombs  Road. 

House  of  Relief  (Hudson  Street  Hospital) . 

Hudson  Street  Hospital,  67  Hudson  St. 

Italian  Hospital,  83d  St.  and  East  River. 

Jewish  Consumptives'  Relief  Society,  Sanatorium 
in  Edgewater,  Col.;  New  York  Office,  ,230 
Grand  St. 

Jewish  Maternity  Hospital,  270  East  Broadway. 

Kings  Pk.  State  Hosp.(offlce) ,  30  E.42d  St.,  R.oom  109. 

Knapp  (see  Herman  Knapp  Memorial  Kye  Hos- 
pital). 

Knickerbocker  Hospital,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and 
13l.st  St. 

Laura  Franklin  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  17 
E.    11 1th    St. 

Lebanon  Hospital,  Westchester,  Cauliiwell  and 
Trinity    Aves. 

Lincoln  Hospital  and  Home,  E.  141st  St.  and  Con- 
cord Ave. 

Louisa  Minturn  Hospital,  foot  E.  16th  St. 

Lutheran   Hospital,   Convent  Ave.   and   144th   St. 

Lyi!»K-in  Hospital,  Second  Ave.,  17th  and  18th  Ste. 

Manhattan  Eye  and  Ear  Hospittil,  210  E.  64tn  St. 

Manhattan  Maternity  and  Dispens.-Jry.  327  E. 
eoth  .St. 


Hospitals  in  Brooklyn  and  Queens  Boroughs, 


873 


HOaPITALS  IN  MANHATTAN.  BRONX  AND  RICHMOND  BOROTJGHS-Corttinued. 


Manhattan  State  Hospital  ansane),  Wards  Island 
Office,  30  E.  42d  St^ 

Manhattan  White  Crosa  Hospital,  72  W.  50th  St. 

Marine  Hospital,  Stapleton.  S.  I.    Office  and  Dis- 
pensary   m    Barge   Office,    Manhattan. 

Melrose  Veterinary  Hospital,  453  E.  142d  St. 

Memorial  Hospital  (Cancer).  Central  Park  West  and 
106th  St.  ,„,,., 

Metropolitan  Hospital,   BlacUwells   Island. 

Metropolitan  Throat  Hospital,   351   W.   34th   ht. 

Minturn  Hospital  (see  Louisa  Minturn  Hospital). 

Mlsericordia  Hospital,   531  E.  86th   St.      . 

l\Iontetlore  Home  and  Hospital  lor  Chronic  Dis- 
eases,  Gun  Hill  Road,  near  Jerome  Ave. 

Mount  Moriah  Hospital,  138  Second  St. 

Alount  Sinai  Hospital.  Fifth  Ave.  and  100th  St. 

Nazareth  Branch,  Seton  Hospital  (Tubercular  Wom- 
en and  Children),  Spuyt«n  Duyvil.  IK-  „,„ 

Neurological    Institute    (see    New    York    Neuro- 
logical  Institute).  „    ■  .,  ,        JO  I, 1 

New  York   City   Children's  Hospital  and  School. 

New'^Yorl^  Colfe^gl"  of    Dentistry,  Infirmary.  205 

E.   23d   St.  „     ,       -^ 

New  York  Dispensary.  34  Spring  St. 
New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Clinic,  259  E.  4tn  St. 
New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  Second  Ave.  and 

New  York  Foundling  Hospital,  175  E.  68th  St. 
New  York  Hospital,  8  W.  16th  St.         „..„,„„    ooi 
New  York  Infirmary  for  Women  and  Children,  321 

N^  York  Medical  College  and  Hospital  for  Women, 

New  York  Neurological  Institute,  1*9  K.  67th  St 
New  York  Nursery  and  Child's  Hospital,  Amster- 
dam Ave.  and  6l3t  St. 
New  York  Ophthalmic  Hospital,  201  E.  23d  bt. 
New  York  Orthopsedic    Dispensary    and     Hospital, 

New^^rlc  Polycilnic  Medical  School  and  Hospital, 

New\^'rk^PM^Graduate  Medical  School  and  Hos- 
pital, Second  Ave.  and  20th  St.  C!««„.,H    *„0 

New  York  Skin  and  Cancer  Hospital,  Second  Ave. 
and  19th  St.  „      ,^  ,   .,.„  „ 

New  York  Throat,  Nose  and  Lung  Hospital.  229  E. 

New  Y^rk  veterinary  Hospital.  120  W.  25th  St 
New  York  Women's  League  for  Animals,  Hospital 
and  Dispensary.  350  Lafayette  "St. ;  also  528  W. 

North  Eastern  Dispensary,  222  E.  59th  St. 


North  Western  Dispensary,  Ninth  Ave.  and  36th  St. 
Northern  Dispensary,  Waverley  Place  and  Christo- 

Osteopath'ic  Infirmary,  120  E.  34th  St. 
Park  Hospital  (formerly  New  York  Red  Cross  Hos- 
pital), Central  Park  West  and  100th  St. 
Pasteur  Institute.  Inc..  348  W.  22d  St. 
People's  Hospital,  203  Second  Ave 
People's  Hospital  Annex   216  E.  12th  St 
Philanthropin  Hospital,  Fifth  Ave.  and  128th  St. 
Presbyterian  Hospital,  Madison  Ave.,  between  70th 

Re'^cepti'on.''  ^(See  WiUard  Parker,  etc.;  also  Emer- 

RivS'e  Hospital,  North  Brother  Island  East  RWer. 
Rockefeller   Institute '  for    Medical   Research   Hos- 
pital, Avenue  A  and  66th  St. 
Roosevelt  Hospital.  Ninth  Ave  and  59th  St. 
St.  Andrew's  Convalescent  Hospital,  237  E   17th  fc>t. 
St.  Ann's  Maternity  Hospital,  130  E.  69th  St. 
St.  Elizabeth's  Hospital,  415  \V.  51st  bt. 
St.  Francis's  Hospital,  Brook  Ave.  and  E-  l*2d  St 
St.  John's  Guild  (see  Floating  Hospital  and  SeaSidf 

St^Jo'slph's' Hospital,  Brook  Ave.  corner  E  142d  St 
St.  Lawrence's  Hospital,  Edgecombe  Ave.  and  163d  bt 
St  Luke's  Hospital,  Amsterdam  Ave.  and  113th  bt 
St.  Mark's  Hospital,  177  Second  Ave. 
St!  Mary's  Free  Hospital  for  Cliildren,  406  W.  34ti 

St^Vlncenfs  Hospital,  Seventh  Ave  and  12th  St. 
Sanitarium  for  Hebrew  Children,  224  W.  34th  St. 
Scarlet   Fever   and    Diphtheria   Hospital    (Wil!ar< 

Parker),  foot  E.  16th  St.  ,    ^_       _      ' 

Seaside  Hospital  of  St.  John's  Guild.  New  Dorp 

S.  I..  103  Park  Ave. 
Sea  View  Farms,  Grymes  Hill,  8.  I.  t,„»,„„„t 

Seton  Hospital  for  Men,  Spuyten  Duyvll  Parkwaj 

Sloan"  HospHal  for  Women,  447  W.  59th  St. 
Staten  Island  Hospital,  New  Brighton.  S.  I. 
Sydenliam  Hospital,  331  E.,  116th  St.  . 

Tuberculosis  Hospital  Admission  Bureau,  246  Fiia 

UnlonHosmtIf of^the  Bronx.  Valentine  Ave.  an( 

Vanderbllt'  Clinic,  Amsterdam  Ave   and  60th  St. 
Volunteer  Hospital,  Beekman  and  Water  Ste. 
Washington  Heights  Hospital,  544  W.  165th  St.    _ 
Washinlton  Square  Hospital,  31  WasUngton  Sq   W 
West  Side  German  Disptensary.  328  W.  42d  St 
Willaid  Parker  and  Reception  Hospital,  foot  ot  i;- 

Woman's  Hospital,  141  W.  109th  St. 


HOSPITALS    IN    BROOKLYN 

Bay  Ridge  Hospital,  Second  Ave.  and  60th  St.       _ 
Bedford  Dispensary  and  Hospital,  343  Ralph  Ave. 
Bethany  Deaconesses'  and  Hospital  Society  Hospital, 

St.  Nicholas  Ave.  and  Bleecker  fat. 
Bradford  Street  Hospital,  113  Bradford  St. 
Brooklyn  Central  Dispensary.  29  Third  Ave. 
Brooklyn  City  Dispensary.  U.TlUary  St.  , 

Brooklyn  Eastern  District  Dispensary  and  Hospital. 

Brooklyn  Eastern  District  Homceopatlilc  Dispensary, 

Brooklln^Eyl'knd  Ear  Hospital,  94  Livingston  St. 
Brook  yn  Hospital,  Raymond  St.  and  De  Kalb  Ave. 
Brooklyn  Maternity  Hospital  (see  Prospect  Heights 

BrooWyn^Nursery  and  Infants'  Hospital,  396  Herkl- 

Br?wnfJille  and  East  New  York.  Rockaway  Park- 

BiShwlcf  aldTast'^Brooklyn  Dispensary.  Myrjle 

BiMhwick^ospiUl,  Howard  and  Putnam  Aves. 

Caledonian  Hospital,  63  Woodruff  Ave 

ChUdrens  Clinics  (Eye,  Nose,^  and  Throat  Dental) , 
Department  of  Health:  Brooklyn— 330  Throop 
Ave  1249  Herkimer  St.,  45  Lawrence  St.  Queens 
Boroueh — 374  Fulton  St.,  Jamaica,  L.  I. 

Coney"  llland  Hospital,  Ocean  Parkway,  near  Ave- 

Cumberiand  Street  Hospital,   105  Cumberland  St. 
Dental  Clinic  for  Poor  Children,  374  Fulton  ot., 
Jamaica. 


AND    OUEENS    BOROUGHS. 

East  New  York  Dispensary.  131  WatklM  St. 
Flushing    Hospital    and    Dispensary.    Parsons    an< 
Forest  Aves..  Flushing.         T->i„,.»«=a..,r    ii  rate 
Gates  Avenue  Homoeopathic  Dlspengary,  13  Gate 

German  Hospital,  St.  Nicholas  Ave.  and  Stanhop. 

Grieupoint  Hospital.  Klngsland  Ave.  and  Jacksoi 

,St 
Harbor  Hospital,  704  Fourth  Ave. 

Holy  Family  Hospital,  155  Dean  St.  r'rinnlp 

Hospital  of  the  House  of^St.   Giles  the   Cripple 

Brooklyn  Ave.  and  President  St. 
Jamaica  Hospital,  New  York  Ave  .Jamaica,  L.  I. 
Jewish  Hospital,  C  asson  and  St.  Mark  3  Aves. 
kSIs  County  Hospital,  Clarkson  Ave.,  near  Alban; 

Kingston  Avenue  Hospital.  Kingston  Ave.  and  Fenl 

Long'lsfand  College  Hospital.  Hem-y.  Pacific.  au< 

Lon^Mand' State  Hospital  (Insane).  Clarkson  St 

Lu^heran^HTspltYi;  East  New  York  Ave.  and  Junlu, 

Miry  Immaculate  Hospital,  Shelton  Ave .  Jamaloa 
Memorial  Dispensary  for  Women  and  Children,  82 

MrthS^feopal  Hospital.  Seventh  Ave.  an. 

NepSnfit  Beach  Hospital  for  ChUdren,  Rockawa.: 

New  Utrecht  Dispensary,  1276  37th  St. 


874 


The  Three  Big  Families  of  Mosquitoes. 


HOSPITALS  IN  BROOKLYN  AND  QUEENS  'BO'ROVG^Q— Continued. 


Norwegian  Lutheran  Deaconesses'  Home  and  Hos- 
pital, Foiutb  Ave.  and  46th  St. 

Pollieraus  Memorial  CUnic,  Henry  and  Amity  Sts. 

Prospect  Helgiits  Hospital,  Washington  Ave.  and 
St.  John's  Place. , 

Rockaway  Beach  Hospital,  Hammels  Ave.  and  Bay- 
side  Place,  Rockaway  Beach. 

St.  Catherine's  Hospital,  Bushwlck  Ave.,  near  Ten 
Eyck  St. 

St.  Christopher's  Hospital  for  Babies,  2S1  Hicks  St. 

St.  John's  Hospital,  Atlantic  and  Albany  Aves. 

St.  John's  Long  Island  City  Hospital,  12th  St.  and 
•JacIcsozi  Avg 

St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Central  Ave.,  Far  Rockaway. 


St.  Mary's  Hospital,  St.  Mark's  Ave.,  near  Rochester 

Ave 
St.   Mary's  Hospital,  Ray  St.  and   Slielton   Ave, 

Jamaica. 
St.  Peter's  Hospital,  Hem-y  St.,  between  Congress 

and  Warren  Sts. 
Samaritan  Hospital,  Fourth  Ave.  and  17th  St. 
Seaside  Hospital  for  Babies,  Surl  Ave.  inid  21st  St., 

Coney  Island. 
Swedish  Hospital,  Roarers  Ave.  and  Steriini;  "lace. 
Trinity  Hospital,  1836  East  New  York  Avb. 
United  States  Naval  Hospital,  Flushing  hve.,  loot 

oC  Ryerson  St. 
Williamsburg  Hospital,  342  Bedford  Av(. 
Zion  Hospital,  2140  Cropsey  Ave. 


UNITED  STATES  ARMY^  MILITARY  HOS- 
PITALS IN  GREATER  NEW  YORK. 

General  Hospital  No.    1,   WUliamsbridge,   N.   Y. 

Auxiliary  Hospital,  Rockefeller  Institute,  New 
York.  Embarkation  Hospital  No.  1,  Hobokwi,  N.  J. 
Embai'Uatlon  Hospital  No.  2,  Secaucus,  N.  J.  Em- 
barkation  Hospital  No.  3,  Hoffman's  Island,  New 
York  Bay.  Debarkation  Hospital  No.  1,  Ellis  Island, 
New  York  Harbor.  Debarkation  Hospital  No.  2, 
Staten  Island,  N.  Y.    Debarkation  Hospital  No.  3, 


New  York.  Surgical  Hospital,  Grand  Cer.ii  ;>,!  Palaoc, 
New  York. 

UNITED  STATES  ARMY  MILITARY  HOS- 
PITALS NEAR  NEW  YORK  CI'VY.  , 
General  Hospital  No.  3,  Colonla,  N.  J.  (Rah way). 
General  Hospital  No.  8,  OtisvUle,  N.  Y.  General 
Hospital  No.  9,  Lakewood,  N.  J.  Base  Hospital, 
Camp  Merritt,  N.  J.  Base  Hospital,  Cf./iip  Mills, 
Mlneola,  Long  Island,  New  York. 


FOREIGN    CONSULS 

Argentina — Ernesto  C.  Perez,  C.  G.,  17  Battery  Place. 
Austria-Hungary — Represented  by  Swedish  Consul, 

at  24  State  St. 
Belgium — Pierre  Mall,  C;  J.  Van  Rlckstal,  V.  C; 

Alphonse  Locht,  V.  C,  25  Madison  Ave. 
Bolivia — Adolfo  Ballivian,  C.  G.,  233  Broadway. 
Brazil — H.  C.  de  Martins  Pinheiro.  C.  G.;    G.   W. 

Chester,  V.  C.  17  State  St. 
Chile — Carlos  Castro-Ruiz,  C.  G.,  149  Broadway. 
China — Yang  Yu  Yung,  C,  18  Broadway. 
Colombia — Aurello  Rueda,  C.  G.,  17  Battery  Place. 
Costa  Rica — F.  M.  Montero,  C.  G.,  2  Rector  St. 
Cuba — Leopoldo  Dolz,  C.  G.;  Felipe  Tapoada,  C; 

P.  Dominguez,  V.  C,  44  Whitehall  St. 
Denmark — J.  E.  Boeggiod,  C,  8  Bridge  St. 
Dominican  Republic — M.   de  J.   Camaclio.   C.   G.; 

Anibal  Duluc,  Chancellor,  17  Battery  Place. 
Ecuador — G.  B..  de  Ycaza,  C.  G.;  E.  A.  Maulme, 

V.  C,  17  Battery  Place. 
France — Gaston  Liebert,  C.  G.;  Henri  Goiran,  C; 

Stanislas  d'Halewyn,  V.  C,  10  Bridge  St. 
Germany — Represented    by    Swiss    Consul,    at    11 

Broadway. 
Great   Britain — Charles   Clive   Bayley,   C.    G.,   44 

Whitehall  St.;  slilpplng  branch,  25  Soutli  St. 
Greece — D.  Verenikls,  C.  G..  146  West  Fourth  St. 
C.Juatemala — Dr.    Ramon    Bengoechea,    C.    G.,    12 

Broadway. 
Hayti — Charles  Moravia,  C.  G.;  Erne.st  Bastien,  V. 

C,  31-33  Broadway. 
Honduras — Andres  Soriano,  C.  G.,  31  Broadway. 
Hungary — Represented  by  Swedish  Consul. 


IN    NEW    YORK   CITY. 

Italy — Romolo  Trltoni,  C.  G.,  395  Broadway. 
Japan — Chonosuke  Yada,  C.  G.,  165  Broadway. 
Liberia — Edward  G.  MerrUl,  C;  E.  B.  Merrill.  V. 

C,  24  Stone  St. 
Mexico — ^Adolfo  de  la  Hueita,  C.  G.,  120  Broadway. 
Monaco — Stanislas  d'Halewyn,  C,  10  Bridge  St, 
Montenegro — Capt.  A.  V.  Seferovitch,  C;  105  West 

40th  St. 
Netherlands — H.  Spackler,  C.  G.;  D.  J.  Stuyu  Parvc, 

V.  C,  90  West  St. 
Nltaragua — E.  Solorzano  Diaz,  C.  G.,  80  Waii  St. 
Norway — C.  Ravn.  C.  G.,  17  State  St. 
Panama — Jorge  E.  Boyd,  C.  G.,  11  Broadway. 
Paraguay — Wm.  Wallace  White,  C.  G.,  233  B'dway. 
Persiar— H.  H.  Topakyan,  C.  G.,  40  W.  57th  St. 
Peru — Eduardo  Higginson,  C.  G.,  25  Broad  St. 
Portugal— J.  S.  Duarte,  C.  G.;  A.  J.  Frees.  V. 

8  Bridge  St. 
Russia — Mikhael   M.   Oustlnoff,   C.    G.;    Pet^r 

Routsky,  C,  55  Broadway. 
Salvador — Manuel  Peralta,  C,  42  Broadway. 
Santo  Domingo — See  "Dominican  Republic." 
Serbia— Michel  I.  Pupin,  C.  G.,  443  W.  22d  St.  . 
Slam — F.  Warren  Sumner,  C,  81  New  St. 
Spain — F.  Javier  Salas,  C,  G.,  8  State  St. 
Sweden — M.  Clarhobn,  C.  G.;  S.  M.  Lagerberg, 

C,  '24  Sute  St. 
Switzerland — Louis  H.  Junod,  C,  100  Fifth  Ave. 
Turkey — Represented  by  Spanish  Consul. 
Uruguay — Mario  L.  Gil,  C.  G.,  17  Battery  Place. 
Venezuela — Pedro  R.   Riucones,    C.   G.;    N.   Veloz, 

V.  C,  80  Wall  St. 


C, 


V. 


THE    THREE    BtQ    (FAMILIES    OF    MOSQUITOES. 

"^HE  Swamp  and  Woods  Mosquitoes:  These  mosquitoes  make  their  appearance  earlier  in  the  Spring 
than  do  the  other  varieties.  The  first  eggs  to  hatch  are  those  that  were  laid  late  In  the  preceding  Fall. 
These  are  generally  laid  on  low  ground  or  in  swamps  where  they  will  mo.st  likely  be  covered  by  water  early 
in  the  Spring.  These  mosquitoes  begin  emerging  in  April.  The  woodland  species  largely  disjippear  by 
the  middle  of  July,  but  the  swamp  species  continue  throughout  the  season.  ■  The  former  rarely  leave  the 
woodlands  where  they  are  bred,  but  the  latter  migrate  as  far  as  five  mlie9.;.i,The  number  of  the  swamp 
siJecies  is  lessened  dm-lng  the  hot,  dry  weather  by  the  drying  up  of  the  swamps  and  pooI,s.  They  fly  about 
shortly  before  sunset,  but  do  not,  as  a  rule,  enter  houses  in  large  numbers.  These  mosquitoes  are  a  very 
great  source  of  annoyance  during  the  early  hours  of  the  evening  out  of  doors  and  in  porches  of  houses. 

The  Salt  Marsh  Mosquitoes:  Although  there  are  many  kinds  of  salt  marsh  mosquitoes,  two  are  very 
abundant  In  this  vicinity.  One  of  them  is  the  brown  salt  marsh  mosquito,  a  large  brown  insect  having 
narrow  white  bands  on  its  feet.  The  other  one  Is  known  as  the  white-banded  salt  marsh  mosquito,  and 
may  be  recognized  by  the  white  band  across  its  beak,  white  bands  on  the  feet,  and  a  light  yelloivish  streak 
along  the  back.     Both  kinds  fly  for  long  distances  and  will  attack  at  all  hours  of  the  day  and  night. 

The  House  Mosquitoes:  These  are  the  most  troublesome  of  all.  They  bite  not  only  in  the  early 
evening  but  also  throughout  the  entire  night.  They  constitute  probably  90  per  cent,  of  the  indoor  pest. 
They  are  strongly  attracted  by  light  and  enter  houses  at  every  opportunity.  The  house  mosquito  breeds 
in  any  pool  or  receptacle  containing  standing  water.  It  travels  but  short  distances,  and  when  abundant 
can  generally  be  traced  to  a  breeding  place  oh  the  premises  or  quite  near  by.  Common  danger  spots  are 
rain  pools,  gutters,  tin  cans,  rain  barrels,  tubs,  cesspools  and  obstructed  drains. 

Mosqtjitoes  breed  only  in  water,  and  generally  require  from  one  to  three  weeks  in  hot  weather  to  de- 
velop from  egffs  to  winged  insects;  In  cool  weather  the  period  Is  longer.  Females  may  begin  to  lay  eggs 
three  days  after  full  development,  but  as  a  rule  they  do  not  start  trntll  they  are  at  least  a  week  old.  Males 
die  in  a  few  days;  females  may  Uve  a  month  or  longer,  or  untu  they  have  a  chance  to  lay  eggs,  and  those 
that  hibernate  (winter  sleep)  in  the  adult  .stage  may  live  from  September  of  one  year  to  June  of  the  next. 
Mosquitoes  may  bite  every  secojid  or  third  day,  but  when  the  cold  weather  comes  the  mosquitoes  become 
sluggish  or  dormant  and  rarely  feed  before  the  following  Spring.  Only  the  female  mosquUo  bites,  i.e., 
fuc-lis  blood. 


Monuments  and  Statues  in  Manhattan. 


875 


IVSONUMENTS    AND    STATUES    ]N    MANHATTAN. 

(Tcrai)orary  cbanges  In  location  of  some  statues  liave  bcsn  made  owi-ig  to  subway  constriictio'n.) 


Arthur.  Chester  A.,  Madison  Square. 

Bartholdi  Statue,  see  "Liberty." 

Bear  and  Faun  Fountain  (Seligman),  Morningslde 

Park  and  lldtli  St. 
Beethoven,  bronze  bust,  on  a  granite  pedestal,  15 

feet  high.  Central  Park,  on  the  Mall:  unveiled  1884. 
Brownson,  Orestes  a.,  bronze  bust  of.  Riverside 

Park  and  104th  St. 
Bryant,  Wiu/Iam  Cullen,  Bryant  Park,  W.  42d 

St.  and  6th  Ave. 
BuKNS,  bronze  statue,  Central  Park,  on  the  Mali; 

unveiled  1880. 
BtTTTEHFiELD,  General   Daniel,  bronze  figure,  on 

marble  pedestal. 
Carrere,  John  M.,  memorial  to,  Riverside  Drive 

and  99th  St. 
Cervantes,   bust  of   Cervantes,   author  of   "Don 

Quixote,"  In  Central  Park. 
Columbus,  marble  statue,  south  entrance  to  Mali, 

Central  Park;  unveiled  1892. 
Commerce,  bronze  figure.  Central  Park,  near  the 

8th  Ave.  and  59th  St.  entrance;  unveiled  1865. 
CONKLING,   bronze  statue,   Madison  Square  Park, 

cor.  Madison  Ave.  aQri  23d  St. 
Cooper,  Ppter,  statue  opposite  Cooper  union. 
Cox,  bronze  statue  of  the  statesman  S.  S.   Cox, 

erected  by  the.  letter-carriers,  Astor  Place. 
De  Peyster,  Abraham,  statue  in  Bowling  Green. 
Dodge,   bronze  statue   of   William   E.   Dodge,   at 

Broadway,  6th  Ave.  and  36th  St.;  unveiled  1885. 
Ericsson,  statue  of  the  inventor,  on  the  Batterj'. 
Falconer,   The,   Central  Park,  near  W.   72d   St. 

Farragut,   bronze  statue,  Madison   Square  Park, 

near  5th  Ave.  and  26th  St. 
FlRE»lEN's  MEMORIAL  MONUMENT,    100th   St.   and 

Riverside  Drive.  „        „    ',., 

Fort  Washington  Monument,  Fort  Washington 

Ave.  and  183d  St. 
FoiTNTAiN,  116th  St.  and  Riverside  Drive. 
Franklin,  bronze  statue,  Prhiting  House  Square; 

unveiled  1872. 
Garibaldi,    bronze    statue,    Washington    Square; 

unveiled  1888. 
Grant.   Ulysses    S.,   tomb.   Riverside  Drive  and 

123d  St.:  160  feet  hi.^h;  dedicated  April  27,  1897. 
Greeley,  bronze  statue.  City  Hall  Park,  unveiled 

1890. 
Greeley,  Greeley  Square,  33d  St.  and  Broadway. 
Hale,  bronze  statue  of  Nathan  Hale,  martyr  spy  of 

the  Revolution;  City  Hall  Park,  near  Broadway 

and  ^Tail  St.  Temporarily  In  City  Hall  Plaza. 
Hall£CK,  bronze  statue,  Central  Park,  on  the  Mall; 

unveiled  1877.  ,      ^      „ 

HAMILTON,  granite  statue  of  Alexander  Hamilton, 

Central  Park,  on  the  East  Drive. 
HANCOCK,  In  Hancock  Square,  St.   Nicholas  Ave. 

and  W.  124th  St. 
Heine,    poet,   Lorelei    Fountain,    Mott   Ave.    and 

161st  St.  ,         ,„    , 

HOLLEY,  bronze  bust  of  Ale.KancliT  Hoiiey,  Wash- 
ington Square:  unveiled  1890. 
HUDSON,  Henry,  100  foot  shaft,  Spuyten  Duyvil. 
Hv.mboldt,  bronze  bust.  Central  Park,  near  the  5th 

Ave.  and  59th  St.  entrance. 
Hunt,  Richard  M.,  Memorial,  5th  Ave.,  opposite 

T.enox  library.  ^    ^    ,  ^    ■, 

Indian  Hunter,  bronze  figure,  Central  Park,  near 

lower  entrance  to  the  Mall. 
Irving,  bronze  bust,  Bryant  Park,  on  W.  40th  St.: 

unveiled  1866.  ,     „ 

Jack   Pqilips   Titanic   Memorial,    U.   S.    Barge 

Office. 
Jefferson  Statue,  City  Hall. 


Jefferson,  Thomas,  in  front  of  the  Pulitzer  School 

of  Journalism,  Columbia  University. 
Joan  of  Arc,  Riverside  Drive  and  93d  St. 
Lafa^-ette,  bronze  statue.  Union  Square,  lower  end 

of  Park;  unveiled  1876. 
Liberty  Enlightening  the  World,  on  Bedloe's 

Island,  in  the  Harbor. 
Lincoln,   bronze  statue.  Union  Square,  southwest 

corner;  unveiled  1868. 
Lowell  Drinking  Fountain,  Bryant  Park. 
Maine,  U.  S.  S.,  Memorial,  National,  Columbus 

Circle. 
Martyrs'    Monument,    Trinity    Churchyard,    in 

memory  of  the  American  soldiers  and  sailors  who 

died  in  the  British  prison  ships  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War. 
Mazzini,  bronze  bust.  Central  Park,  on  the  West 

Drive. 
Moore,  bronze  bust  of  Thomas  Moore,  tlie  poet. 

Central  Park,  near  the  Pond  and   5th  Ave.  en- 
trance; unveiled  1880. 
Morse,  bronze  statue  of  the  inventor  of  the  tele- 
graph. Central  Park,  near  5th  Ave.  and  72d  St. 
Obelisk,     Central     Park,     near     the  Metropolitan 

Museum  of  Art;  brought  fron:  Egypt,  and  erected 

1881;  granite,  70  feet  long,  and  weighs  200  tons. 
Pulitzer  Fountain,  5th  Ave.  and  59th  St. 
Schiller,  bronze  bust.  Central  Park,  in  the  Ramble; 

unveiled  1859. 
Schurz,  Carl,  statue,  116th  St.  and  Morningsidt 

Drive. 
Scott,  bronze  statue  of  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Central 

Park,  on  the  Mall;  unveiled  1872. 
Seventh  Regiment,  bronze  figure  of  a  soldier  ol. 

this  reeiment,   to  commemorate  its  dead   in  the 

Civil  War,  Central  Park,  on  the  West  Drive. 
Seward,  bronze  statue,  southwest  corner  of  Madison 

Square  Park;  unveiled  1876.  -  . 

Shakespeare,  bronze  statue.  Central  Park,  at  the 

lower  end  of  the  Mali;  unveiled  1872. 
Sherman,   General,    equestrian   statue,   5th   Ave. 

and  59th  St. 
SiGEL,    Franz,    bronze   monument,    106th    St.    and 

Riverside  Drive,  unveiled  in  October,  1907. 
Sims,   bronze  statue  of  Dr.   Marlon   Sims,   Bryant 

Park,  north  side. 
Soldiers    and    Sailors'    Monument,    Riverside. 

Drive. 
Straus  Memorial,  Broadway  and  106th  St. 
STUYVESANT,  marble  effigy  of  Gov.  Peter  Stuyvesant, 

in  the  outer  wall  of  St.  Mark's  Church. 
The  Pilgrim,  bronze  statue.  Central  Park,  near  E. 

72d  St.  entrance. 
Thorwaldsen,  bronze  statue,  59th  St.,  facing  6th 

Ave. 
Verdi,  statue,  Sherman  Square. 
Verrazano,  statue.  Battery  Park. 

WASHINGTON    and     LAFAYETTE,     brOhZe    Statue,     W. 

114th  St.,  Morningslde  and  Manhattan  Aves. 
Washington,  bronze  bust.  City  Hall. 
Washington,     bronze    equestrian    statue.     Union 

Square,  southeast  side. 
Washington,  bronze  statue,  at  the  entrance  to  the- 

Sub-Treasury  Building,  Wall  St.;  unveiled  1883. 
Washington  Marble  Arch,   Washington  Square, 

at  the  foot  of  5th  Ave.    There  are  now  two  statues. 

of    Washington    on    the    Arch — one   representing 

Washington  as  President  and  the  other  as  Com- 
mander-in-Chief of  the  Army. 
Water   Gate,   foot   W.   110th  St.,   where  Henry 

Hudson  landed. 
Webb,  Alexander  S.,  bronze  statue  of,  near  main 

building.  College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 
Webster,  bronze  statue.  Central  Park,  on  the  West 

Drive,  near  72d  St. 
Worth,  granite  shaft  in  honor  of  Major-General 

Worth,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Broadway  and  25th  St. 


LAFAYETTE  STATUE  UNVEILED  BY  MARSHAL  JOFFRE.  ^,  .  , 
In  Brooklyn  the  unveiling  of  a  bronze  panel  of  Lafayette  on  May  10,  1917,  was  a  historical  occasiOD. 
Marshal  Joffre,  hero  of  the  Marne,  unveiled  the  statue,  which  was  accepted  for  the  city  by  Mayor  Mitclie]. 
Former  Premier  Viviani,  who  headed  the  French  Commission  to  the  United  States,  spoke  briefly,  as  dlcl 
Marquis  de  Chambrun,  great-grandson  of  Lafayette.  Others  of  note  present  were  Vlce-Admiral  Choche- 
orat,  George  T.  Wilson,  Frederic  R.  Coudert,  Frank  L.  Polk,  Ambassador  Jusserand,  R.  A.  C.  Smith,  an< 
H.  A.  Watklns.  The  work  cost  835,000,  the  gift  of  the  Henry  Marteau  estate.  The  sculptor  was  Daniel- 
Chester  French.  The  monument  consists  of  a  panel  of  bronze  about  12  feet  long  and  10  feet  nigh,  against 
which  is  a  figure  of  Lafayette  In  the  uniform  of  a  General  in  the  Continental  Army,  with  a  negro  holding  ws 
horse's  head.    The  panel  rests  against  a  structure  of  granite  of  Italian  Renaissance  design. 


876 


Libraries  in  the  City  of  New  York. 


LIBRARIES    IN    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    YORK. 


Academy  of  Medicine,  1"  W.  43d  St, 

Aeronautic,  280  Madison  Avenue. 

AguUar. — See  N.  Y.  Public  Library. 

American  Banlcers  Association,  5  Nassau  Si. 

.\merican  Geograpiiical  Society,  Broadway  and 
W.  156tli  St. — Open  from  10  a.  m.  to  5  p.  s\. 

American  Institute,  322  W.  23d  St. — Open  9  a.  m. 
to  4  p.  M. 

.\merican  Law,  27  Cedar  St. — Open  9  a  ir.  to  10 
V.  \i. 

American  Museum  of  Natural  Histor.v,  Central 
Park  West,  cor.  W.  77th  St. 

.\merican  Numismatic  Society,  W.  l,5GtU  St. 
and   Broadway. 

American  Social  Hygiene  Assoc'n,  105  W.  40th  St. 

A.  R.  F.  Peoples',  124  E.  27th  St. 

Avery,  Columbia  University,  116th  St.  and  B'way. 

Bar  Association  (members  only),  42  AV.  44th  St. 

Benjamin   and    Townsnnd,    Bellevue    Hospital. 

Bethany,  400  E.  67th  St. 

Bible  Teachers,  541  Lexington  Ave. 

Blind. — See   N.    Y.   Public   Library. 

Boy  Scouts  of  America,  50  Madison  Ave. 

Bronx  County  Law  Library,  Arthur  Ave.,  near  E. 
Tremont. 

Brooidyn  Industrial  School  Ass'n,  217  Sldrllng  PI. 

Brooklyn  Museum,  Eastern  Parkway  and  Wash- 
ington Ave. 

Bryson,  (Teachers)  W.  120th  St.,  near  Broadway. 

Catherine  Mission  Free  Reading  Room,  200  South 
St. 

Cathedral  Library  Ass'n,  24  E.  2-lst  St. 

Chemists'  Club,  52  E.  41st  St. 

Children's  Museum,  Brooklyn,  Park  Place,  near 
Nostraud  Ave. 

Christian  Science  Reading  Rooms,  33  W.  42d  St., 
Broadway  near  86t.h  St.,  1  Wall  St.,  35  E.  125tli 
St.,  600  W.  I81st  St.,  225  Fifth  Ave.,  505  Tremont 

AVG. 

city,  Mimlcloal  Building  (see  New  York  Public 
Library.) 

Cit-'  Court,  32  Chambers  St. 

City  Island,  528  City  Island  Ave. 

Clinton  Hall  Ass'n,  13  Astor  PI. 

Colonial    Dames,    105    W .    40th    St. 

Columbia  Univ.,  W.  116th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Av. 

Cooper  Union,  Fourth  Ave.  and  7th  St. — Open  8 

A.  M.  to  10  P.   M. 

Corporation  Counsel,  Mtmicipal  Bldg. 

County  Lawyers',   105  Broadwav. 

Deaf,  books  for.  Ft.  Washington  Ave.  and  163d  St. 

De  Witt,  286  nivington  St. — Open  dally,  c.-ceept 
Sunday,  from  3  to  7  p.  m. 

Directory,  91  Third  Ave. 

Dobba  House,  512  E.  87th  St. 

Dyckman  Library,  17  Bolton  Rd. 

Equal  Franchise  Society,  8  E.  37th  St. 

Equitable  Law  Library,  120  Broadway. 

Fifth  Avenue  Library  Society,  3  W.  29th  St. 

3Ei1ve   Points'    Mission,    129   Worth   St. 

Foreign  Missions,   156   Fifth  Ave. 

Free  Reading  Room,  131  Bowery. 

Friends  (Quakerania) ,  221  E.  15th  St. — Open 
Mondays  ana  Wednesdays,  morning,  and  Fridays, 
afternoon. 

Genealogical  and  Biographical,  226  W.  58th  St. 
— Open  10  A.  M.  to  6  p.  m.;  Mondays,  8  to  10  p.  m. 

Grolier,  47  E.  60th  St. 

Hispanic  Socl-^tv,  W.  156th  St.,  near  Broadway. 

Historical  Society,  170  Central  Park  West — Open 
9  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M.,  except  during  August  and  on 
holidays.  ^ 

Hudson   Guild,   436   W.   27th   St. 

Huntington  Free,  Westchester  Sq. 

Insurance  Society,  84  William  St. 

Italian,  395  Broome  St. 

Jewish  Theological,  531  W.  123d  St. 

Kings  County  Medical  Society,  Brooklyn,  1313 
Bedford  Ave. 

La  Libleria  Mercantile,  116  Nassau  St. 

Law  Library,  42  W.  44th  St. 

Lawyers',  2  Rector  St. — Open  9  A.  M.  to  5.30  p.  m. 

Lenox  Hill  Settlement,  446  E.   72d  St. 

Loan  Libraries  for  Ships,  76  WaU  St. 

Long  Island  Historical  Society,  Brooklyn,  Clinton 
and  Pierrepont  Sts. 

Masonic,  SO  W.  24th  St. — Open  7  to  10. 30  P.  M. 

Mechanics  and  Tradesmen's  Soc,  20  W.  44th  St. 

Mercantile,  13  Astor  Place — 8.30  a.  m.  to  6  p.  m. 


Methodist,  150  Fifth  Ave. — Open  9  a.  m.  'uo  5  p.  m. 

Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  Fifth  Ave.  and 
82d  St. — Open  daily,  10  a.  m.  to  5  p.  m. 

Missionary  Research,  25  Madison  Ave. 

Morehouse,  104  E.  20th  St. 
-Morgan,  J.  Plerpont,  Library,  33  E.  36th  St. 

Municipal  Reference— See  N.  Y.  Public  Libr.ary. 

National  Civic  Federation,  1  Madison  Ave. 

Naval  History  Society,  'iZ  W.  42d  St. 

New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  17  W.  43d  St. 

N.  Y.  County  Lawyers'  Ass'n,  165  Broadway. 

N.  Y.  Law  Institute,  120  Broadway. 

N.  Y.  Port  Society,  166  Eleventh  Ayr. — Open 
10  A.  M.  to  9.30  P.  M. 

New  York  Public  Library.  Central  Building.  5tb 
Ave.  and  42d  St.,  contains  1,6=.0,350  volumes  and 
pamphlets.  Branches:  Manhattan — Chatliam  Sq., 
33  E.  Broadway:  Seward  Park,  192  E.  Broadway; 
Rivington  St..  61 :  Hamilton  Fish  Park,  3S.S  iC.  Hous- 
ton St.;  Hudson  Park,  66  Leroy  St.;  Bona  St.,  49, 
near  the  Bowery;  Ottendorfer,  135  2nd  Ave.,  near 
8th  St.;  Tompkins  Sq.,  331  E.  10th  St.;  Jatkson  Sq., 
251  W.  13th  St.;  Epiphany,  228  E.  23d  St.;  Mulilen- 
berg,  209  W.  23d  St.;  St.  Gabriel's  Park,  303  E.  36tli 
St.;  40th  St.,  457  W.;  Central  Circulation,  42d  St. 
and  5th  Ave.;  Cathedral,  123  E.  50th  St.;  CohimbuB, 
742  10th  Ave.,  near  5lBt  St.;  58th  St.,  12).  E.;  67th 
.St.,  328  E.;  Riverside,  190  Amsterdam  Ave.,  near 
69tli  St.;  Webster,  1465  Ave.  A,  near  78th  .St.;  York- 
ville,  222  E.  79th  .St.;  St.  Agnes,  444  Amsterd.ira  Ave., 
near  81st  St.;  96th  St.,  112  E.;  Bloomingd:;k-,  206  W. 
100th  St.;  Agullar,  174  E.  110th  St.;  Hot';  St.,  203 
\V.;  Harlem  Library,  9  W.  124th  St.;  125t!i  .St.,  224 
E.;  George  Bruce,  78  Manhattan  St.;  135t!!  St.,  103 
W.;  Hamilton  Grange,  503  W.  145th  St.;  W.-shlngton 
Heights,  1000  St.  Nicholas  Ave.,  comer  or  iGOth  St.; 
Fort  Washington,  535  W.  179th  St.  Tli ;  Bronx— 
Mott  Haven,  321  E.  140th  St.;  WoodstO(,K,  759  E. 
160th  St.;  Melrose,  910  Morris  Ave.,  cornrj-  of  162d 
St.;  High  Bridge,  78  W.  168tli  St.;  Monisimla,  610 
E.  169th St.;  Tremont,  1866  Washington  Ave,  corner 
of  176th  St.:  Kingsbridge,  3041  Kingsbrldge  Ave., 
near  230th  St.  Richmond — St.  George,  .5  Central 
.\ve.,  TompklnsvlUe  P.-O.;  Port  Richmond,  75  Ben- 
nett St.;  Stapleton,  132  Canal  St.;  Totteiiville,  7430 
Amboy  Rd.  Municipal  Reference  Library,  room 
512,  Municipal  Building.  Hours  Central  Building, 
9  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M.;  1  to  10  p.  m.  Sundays.  lirancbes, 
9  A.  M.  to  9  p.  M.  „ 

N.  Y.  School  of  PhUanthropy.  105  E.  22d  St. 

New  York  Society,  109  University  PIj.co. — Open 
9  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M. 

N.  Y.  Supreme  Court  Library,  51  Cham  tiers  St. 

New  York  University,  University  Heights;  Law, 
32  Waverley  Place. 

Olivet  Memorial,  63  Second  St. 

Peruvian  Library,  25  Broad  St. 

Polly  Piatt  Library,  612  E.  87th  St 

Pratt  In.stitute,  Brooklyn,  220  Ryerson  .-^t. 

Railroad  Men's,  309  Park  Ave. 

Richmond  Hill  House,  28  Macdougal  St. 

Rlverdale,  253d  St. — 8  to  10  p.  m. 

Russell  Sage  Foundation  Library,  130  E.  22d  St. 

St.  Aloyslus's,  224  E.  4th  St. 

St.  Alphonsus's,  4  Thompson  St. 

St.  Paul  Building  Lav.  Library,  220  Broadway. 

St.  Rose's,  257  E.  7l8t  St. 

Seamen's,  25  South  St.— (Dpeu  10  a.  ,m.  lo  10  p.  ,\i. 

Sixty  Wall  St.  (Law),  €0  Wall  St. 

'I'vpothctae,   147  Fourth  Ave. 

Union  Settlement,  241  E.  104th  St. 

Union  Settlement  Ass'n,  Inc.,  237  E.  UMth  St. 

Union  Th.  Sem.,  Broadway,  cor.  12011;  St. — Open 
8.45  A.  M.  to  5  P.  I...     Closed  Aug.  15  to  Sept.  15. 

Unitarian  Book  Room,  101  E.  20th  St. 

United  Engineering  Society,  29  W.  39tl)  St.  -Open 
dally,  e;:cept  Sunday,  9  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m. 

U.  S.  Express  Realty  Co.  Lawyers'  Library,  2 
Rector  St.  _ 

Washington  Heights — See  N.  Y.  Public  Libr-iry. 

Woman's,  9  E.  8th  St. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Ass'n. — At  tht  several 
branches.  See  Index., —  Openj  9  A.  M.  to  10  p.  m. 
Sundays  2  to  10  p.  m. 

Yoimg  Men's  Hebrew  Ass'n.,  Lexington  Ave.  and 
92cl  St. 

Young  Women's  Christian  Ass'n. — At  the  several 
branches.  See  Index.  —  Open  9  a.  m.  lo  »  15  P.  M. 
Sundays  excepted. 

Workine  Womea'8.  9  E.  8th  St. 


Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  New  York.  877 

METROPOLITAN  MUSEUM  OF  ART,  NEW  YORK. 

(Prepared  for  the  Almanac  by  the  Institution.) 

The  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  Fifth  Ave.  at  80th  to  84th  St.;  reached  by  Fifth  Ave.  stages,  4tlj 
and  Madison  Ave.  car  line,  and  3rd  Ave.  "L"  trains,  stopping  at  84th  St.  Open  10  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.  la 
Winter,  6  P.  M.  in  Summer,  Saturdays  tUl  10  P.  M.,  Sundays,  1  to  6  P.  M.  Free  every  day  except  Monday 
and  Friday;  admission  25  cents  on  Monday  and  Friday.  President — Robert  W.  de  Forest.  First  Vice- 
President,  Elihu  Root.  Second  Vice-President, — Henry  Walters.  Secretary — Henry  W.  Kent.  Director — 
Edward  Robinson. 

The  museum  was  incorporated  April  13,  1870,  "for  the  purpose  of  establishing  and  maintaining  .  .  . 
a  museum  and  library  of  art,  of  encouraging  and  developing  the  study  of  the  fine  arts,  and  the  application 
of  arts  to  manufacture  and  practical  life,  of  advancing  the  general  knowledge  of  kindred  subjects,  and,  tc 
that  end,  of  furnishing  popular  Instruction."  After  forty-eight  years  of  growth.  It  has  to-day,  through  be- 
Quests,  gifts,  and  purchases,  collections  of  incalculable  value,  embracing  both  fine  and  decorative  arts.  They 
comprise  objects  in  almost  every  material — marble,  stone,  wood,  pottery,  porcelain,  glass,  metals,  lace, 
textiles,  .tc. — and  embody  man'.s  attempts  throughout  the  ages  to  achieve  his  ideals  of  beauty.  In  date 
they  range  from  3,000  B.  C.  to  the  nineteenth  century  and  represent  the  ancient  world — Assyria,  Babylonia, 
Cyprus,  Egypt,  Greece,  and  Rome — the  Orient,  Including  China,  Japan,  Corea,  India,  Persia,  and  Asia 
Minor;  Europe  from  the  Early  Christian  and  Byzantine  Art  through  the  Romanesque,  Gothic,  Renaissance, 
and  later  periods;  and  our  own  country. 

These  collections  are  housed  in  a  building  erected  by  the  city,  in  Central  Park,  affording  275,000  square 
feet  of  e.-;hlbition  flour  space.  The  cost  of  maintenance  Is  over  S400,000  a  year,  of  which  §230,000  is  paid 
by  the  city.  Among  the  unique  individual  objects  or  collections  are  the  mastaba  tomb  erected  about  4,500 
years  ago  in  the  Egyptian  cemetery  at  Sakkara  for  a  Theban  dignitary  named  Perneb  and  re-erected  here 
in  its  original  form,  with  its  painted  scenes  in  low  relief  still  preserved;  six  large  alabaster  reliefs  from  the 
palace  In  Nimroud  of  Ashur-naslr-p'al,  who  reigned  over  Assyria  from  885  to  860  B.  C;  an  Etruscan  bronze 
chariot  of  the  sixth  century  B.  C,  the  only  complete  ancient  bronze  chariot  known;  the  Cesnola  antiquitle-i 
from  Cyprus;  a  group  of  Roman  fresco  paintings  from  Boscoreale,  especially  those  on  the  walls  of  a  recon- 
structed cublculum  (bedchamber),  and  a  gathering  of  ancient  glass,  "one  of  the  richest  and  most  Important 
in  the  world."  In  the  accumulations  of  Near  Eastern  Art  of  special  interest  are  the  domed  room  from  a 
Jain  temple  in  India,  recently  installed,  the  gift  of  Robert  W.  and  Lockwood  de  Forest,  which  represents 
the  wood  carving  of  India  and  is  supplemented  by  an  extensive  collection  of  Indian  and  Thibetan  jewelry; 
the  Indian  miniatures  in  the  Alexander  Smith  Cochran  Collection,  and  some  remarkable  examples  of  early 
Indian  stone  carving;  the  Persian  manuscripts  and  miniatures  In  the  Cochran  Collection;  twenty-four 
manuscripts  and  a  number  of  single  sheets,  represent  such  masters  of  decoration  as  Blhzad  and  Mirad,  and 
some  of  the  greatest  names  In  Persian  calligraphy  from  the  fifteenth  to  the  eighteenth  century.  The  Far 
Eastern  objects  include  the  well-known  Benjamin  Altman  gathering  of  Chinese  porcelains  and  the  Heber 
R.  Bishop  assemblage  of  jades. 

OVER    1,200   PAINTINGS   IN   THE   MUSEUM. 

The  paintings,  over  twelve  hundred  in  number,  represent  the  Italian,  Spanish,  German,  Dutch,  Flemish; 
French,  English  and  American  schools.  There  is  an  unusual  showing  of  the  works  by  Rembrandt,  eighteen 
in  all,  thirteen  received  In  the  bequest  of  the  late  Benjamin  Altman.  Through  the  gift  of  J.  Pierpont  Morgan 
the  Museum  possesses  a  Raphael,  the  so-called  Colonna  Altarpiece,  a  Virgin  and  Child  Enthroned  with 
Saints.  Groups  of  paintings  kept  together  by  the  conditions  under  which  they  were  received  are:  the  Georg€ 
A.  Hearn  Collection,  principally  American  in  character;  the  Benjamin  Altman  Collection,  strongest  in  its 
Dutch  paintings,  but  Including  four  Memlings,  "5,  Diirer,  a  Giorgione,  a  Fra  Angelico,  two  Velazquezs,  and 
other  works  of  rai-e  excellence;  the  Catharine  LoriUard  Wolfe  Collection,  consisting  largely  of  works  by 
French  artists  of  the  early  and  middle  years  of  the  nineteenth  century;  and  the  William  H.  Vanderbilt  Col- 
lection, lent  by  George  W.  Vanderbilt,  modern  works,  the  French  paintings  being  particularly  important, 
and  perhaps  the  best-known  single  picture  being  Millet's  Sower. 

Others  of  special  note  are  the  WilUam  H.  Riggs  Collection  of  ai'ms  and  armor,  which  In  its  scope  and 
quality  ranks  with  European  national  collections,  and,  with  the  Ellis  and  Dlno  Collections,  gives  an  oppor- 
tunity to  study  the  development  of  armor  from  the  fifteenth  to  the  eighteenth  centiu-y;  the  Crosby  Brow.i 
gathering  of  3,600  specimens,  including  representative  instruments  of  all  nations,  among  them  the  earlirt 
of  the  two  existing  pianos  by  Bertoiommeo  di  Francesco  Cristoforl,  the  inventor  of  the  pianoforte;  and  tl;c 
William  H.  Huntington  assemblage  of  portraits  of  Washington,  Franklin,  and  Lafayette  in  all  materials. 

The  Pierpont  Morgan  Collection,  the  gift  of  J.  Pierpont  Morgan,  fiUs.an  entire  wing  and  is  a  priceless 
gathering  of  the  decorative  arts  of  Europe  from  the  Gallo-Roman  and  Merovingian  periods  to  the  end  ol 
the  eighteenth  century.  The  rarest  and  most  precious  section  of  the  collection  represents  the  supreme  worii 
of  the  goldsmiths,  Byzantine  and  Mediaeval  enamelers,  and  ivory  carvers.  Tlie  most  comprehensive  gath- 
ering included  in  tlic  Pierpont  Morgan  wing  Is  that  brought  together  by  Georges  HoentscUel  of  Paris,  th€ 
collector,  and  consisting  of  two  parts:  sculptiu-c,  furniture,  textiles.  Ivories,  woodwork,  and  architectural 
fragments  of  the  Gothic  period,  chiefly  of  French,  Flemish,  Dutch,  German,  Spanish,  and  Italian  origin, 
and  French  decorative  arts  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries — furniture  and  woodwork,  many 
examples  from  historic  buildings,  decorative  paintings,  and  ormolu  fittings.  Among  the  treasures  of  th'j 
Pierpont  Morgan  Collection  are  also  five  Gothic  tapestries,  known  as  the  Sacrament  Set  because  they  picture 
in  weaving  the  sacraments  of  the  church;  two  sculptured  groups,  an  Entombment  and  a  Pleta,  from  tin 
famous  Chateau  de  Biron  in  southwestern  France;  superb  examples  of  the  goldsmith's  craft  from  the  flfteeni  ri 
to  the  eighteenth  century;  a  unique  collection  of  snuff  boxes,  vanity  boxes,  scent  bottles,  and  dance  pro- 
grammes, signed  by  famous  jewelers  of  the  eighteenth  century;  and  a  large  collection  of  watches  representa- 
tive of  the  work  of  the  best  craftsmen  in  Eiu-ope  from  the  sixteenth  to  the  nineteenth  century. 

COLLECTIONS   SERVICEABLE   TO   THE   PUBLIC. 

To  make  the  museum  collections  serviceable  to  the  public,  to  manufacturers  and  designers,  to  artists 
and  art  students,  and  to  the  pupils  in  the  public  and  private  schools  of  New  York  City  and  vicinity  Is  the 
constant  effort  of  the  members  of  the  museum  staff,  working  on  behalf  of  the  trustees.  Toward  this  end 
series  of  free  public  lectures  are  given  on  Saturday  and  Sunday  afternoons,  story-hours  for  the  children  oi 
members  and  for  all  children  are  conducted  weekly,  special  seminars  are  planned  for  salespeople  and  design- 
ers, as  well  as  gallery  talks  for  teachers  and  pupils  and  lectiu-es  for  the  deaf  and  the  blind.  Three  class 
rooms  are  fitted  up  for  the  carrying  on  of  class  and  lecture  work,  and  an  auditorium  seating  about  GOO  i; 
provlded  for  larger  groups.  Three  members  of  the  staff  devote  their  time  exclusively  to  the  work  of  museuni 
instruction,  whose  services  may  be  obtained  for  a  small  fee  by  any  visitor  who  desires  to  see  the  collectionj 
under  expert  guidance  and  will  make  an  appointment  in  advance. 

A  reference  library  and  a  collection  of  photographs  are  open  to  the  public,  and  a  large  collection  of  lantern 
slides  is  available  on  easy  terms  for  lectures  given  anywhere  east  of  the  Mississippi.  Opportunity  to  copy 
the  dbjccts  in  the  collections  themselves  is  granted  with  reasonable  restrictions.  A  study  room  of  textile: 
has  been  fitted  up  with  every  facility  for  the  use  of  the  large  collection  of  laces  and  textiles,  and  other  studs^ 
rooms  in  different  parts  of  the  building  are  Intended  for  the  convenience  of  those  who  wish  to  study  th« 
various  collections  at  length. 


878  New  York  Botanical  Garden. 

AMERICAN    rnUSEUm    OF    fiJATURAL    HISTORY.         ~ 

The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  organized  in  1869,  was  housed  at  rlrst  in  the  ol.i  Arsecal 
Building  in  Central  Park.  The  coruer-stone  of  the  Uret  section  erected  in  Manhattan  Square  wfi'i  laid  by 
Gen.  U.  S.  Grant,  President  of  tlia  United  8ti<.tes,  Jtme  2.  1.S74,  and  tbe  building  wns  formally  opened  to  the 
public  by  President  Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  December  22,  )  b77.  Since  thin  five  sections  have  been  pdded,  the 
total  cost  to  date  being  $5,319,821.48.  By  contract  with  *hc  city  the  builiing,  cases,  and  cost  of  ma,;ntenano<j 
are  met  by  the  city.  The  collections  and  their  prepariuion,  scientific  tvork,  Includins  exploratiouH  and  pub- 
lications, are  provided  from  the  Endowment  Funds  and  contributJons  from  the  trastees.  The  a"-juual  coet 
of  tipkeep  alone  now  reaches  5304,373,  or  .SPl  ,673  more  than  the  stun  provided  by  the  city,  which  was  S2l2,70(i 
in  1917,  while  the  total  expendiluie  for  the  other  purpo.iOJ  named  was  8391,558  in  1917.  Thu.?  the  tot;:l 
amount  derived  from  the  Endowment  Fund  and  provided  by  subscriptions  from  the  trustees  wah  -SiSS.SSl. 

Twenty-nine  halls,  having  an  aggregate  floor  space  of  271,886  squire  feet,  are  devoted  to  exi'lUits,  dis- 
tributed as  follows;  Anthropology,  living  and  past  races  of  men,  13  halls;  natiu-al  history,  mamrii-.ls,  birds, 
reptiles,  hshes  and  invertebrates,  forPKtry  and  public  health,  9  halls;  geolor,'},  mineralogy  and  pala^oiitology, 
the  structure  and  past  life  of  the  earth,  S  hails.  The  value  of  the  collections  U  more  than  $5,000,000.  Special 
effort  is  made  to  have  the  exliibits  of  popular  interest  and  educational  value,  and  large  sums  are  e5:pended 
to  carry  o\U  these  aims,  some  of  the  more  iiapoitaut  groups  having  cost  as  much  as  S10,000,*ioi!e  of  it  fui- 
nlshed  by  the  city.  Educational  work  is  also  carried  on  by  means  of  circulating  coilectlons  ar/'i  lectures 
dehveied  at  the  schools,  and  tlu'ough  the  piil.lic;itions  of  the  Museum.  During  the  past  five  year:^.  the  at- 
tendance, not  including  lectures,  lias  range.!  from  (;o7,458  to  794,139  a  year;  In  addition,  the  numbc  of  school 
Children  ati;ending  special  lectiu-es  has  ranged  from  56,899  to  01,437  a  year,  the  greatest  number  reached  by 
the  Museum  being  1,378,599.  The  Mu-scuu  Is  o))cn  free  every  day  in  the  year,  inLluding  hoIk;:)ys;  week 
days  from  9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.,  Sundays  from  1  P.  M.  to  5  P.  M. 

NEW  YORK  BOTANICAL  GARDEN. 

(By  the  Director,   N.   C.   Brltton.) 

Ths  New  York  Botanical  Garden  occupies  a  reservation  of  nearly  400  acres  of  Bronx  Par!  north  of 
Pelhaui  Parl:way.  The  tract  includes  the  beautiful  natural  features  of  the  valley  of  the  Brou.v  liJiver,  its 
gprgo,  its  waterfall  and  its  rapids,  and  over  100  acres  of  natural  wooiVitind,  Including  the  famous--  Hemlock 
ForfiSt,  the  most  southern  grove  of  hemlock  si)ruce  near  tlie  Atlantic  Coast.  The  instiitition  wn?  t  i.artereil 
by  the  Legislature  of  New  York,  1891,  and  the  lirst.  reaei'vntion  of  2.50  acres  was  set  aside  by  the  cii  v  ui  1805, 
and  about  140  acres  were  add^d  by  the  city  in  1915.  The  grounds  and  buildings  are  open  to  tiie  public 
every  dav  in  the  year  without  cliarge.     Grouped  and  hibollpd  plautarions  includo; 

Herbaceous  Gardens — To  illustrate  systematic,  uiorpliologic  and  economic  l)otany,  Inciu'  ing  3,000 
Iktnds  of  hardy  plants  from  all  parts  of  the  north  temperate  zone,  in  a  narrow  valley  1,800  feet  loris.  Each 
plot  Is  labelled,  showing  its  general  contents,  and  each  hidlvldual  plant  or  climip  of  plants  is  a!---  laheileil. 

Flower  Gardens — To  e.xiiibit  1,500  kinds  of  herbaceous  flowering  plants,  imiuding  peoi.ic  dabll.-i?, 
irises,  gladioli,  cannas,  rose  mallows,  and  chrysanthcnnin;:!.  In  a  valley  east  of  the  Bronx  River  :.r:(j  north 
of  Pelham  Avenue  is  a  rose  garden  containing  400  kinds,  shown  by  5,900  plants. 

Fruticetum,  or  collection  of  shrubs,  on  a  plain  northeast  of  the  ;uu.seum  building,  with  "-(r  1,000 
kinds,  grouped  in  their  natural  families. 

Arboretum,  or  collection  of  deciduous-loavcd  trees,  grouped  in  ;h?ir  natural  fiiinilles,    inc :i-,;cL<.«   over 
400  kinds  of  tiardy  trees,  at  the  east  side  of  the  reser\'ation.  over  a  length  of  about  tliree-Qliarti-;-  ■■■!  a  mile. 
and  of  varying  width,  including  Japane.se  cherries,  magnolias,  and  wiltows. 

Pinetiim,  or  collection  of  evergreen  conifcpous  trees.  In  the  southwestern  portion  of  the  grour.'is.  occu- 
pying tlilrty  acres,  and  includes  275  kinds,  Iniiading  pines,  spruces,  ftr.s.  liemlocte,  I'cJ.ars,  and  ycv.'s 

Museum  Building,  situ.ated  a  short  distance  from  the  Botanical  Garden  Stn:'on  of  the  Ni.w  York 
Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  has  a  frontage  of  312  feet,  is  Italian  Kocalssanc.;;  front  appro;u  !.  is  on;;.- 
mented  by  a  bronze  loimtain  by  Car!  K.  Tell't  .and  by  terra-colta  and  m.-.rble  fountains  and  seuis  liie  vjtta. 
lines  are  formed  by  four  parallel  lines  of  tulip  trees.    Three  floors  are  devoted  to  public  exhibit 

Museum  of  Economic  Botauj'  occupies  the  entire  main  Boor  and  comprise.?  crude  and  .n- ..!-d  pro- 
ducts of  plants  used  in  the  arts,  the  sciences,  and  the  industries,  as  well  as  Illustrative  photograph;  ;  nd  draw- 
ings. The  exhibits  include  foods,  drugs,  llbres,  gums,  resins,  sugars,  rubber,  spice?,  flavoring  ;;;  t  nifi,  dye- 
stuffs,  tanning  material,  plant-constituents,  fixed  oils,  volatile  oils,  cork,  starches,  r.nd  other  i>ri'-\;cts. 

Museum  of  Systematic  Botany  occiipics  the  entire  second  floor,  and  illustrat  s  by  specinic-j-.  draw- 
ings and  photograpiis,  typos  of  all  the  natural  families  of  plants,  coniniencine  witli  those  of  tl.t  ^iimplest 
Structm-e  and  ending  with  the  most  complex. 

Museum  of  Fossil  Botany,  installed  in  the  basement,  illustrafos  the  aneestor-i  of  living  i'';.'.t>.  since 
the  first  appearance  of  plant  life,  on  the  earth.  The  specimens  arc  iiis'iilicd  In  geo!a",ital  seqviencf .  These 
tlu'ee  museums -comprise  over  20.000  labelled  specimens. 

There  is  a  large  public  lecture  hall  in  the  basement  of  the  museum  building,  in  which  free  public  lec- 
tures are  given  every  Saturday  afternoon  from  spring  until  aattunn.  The  upper  flcf^r  of  the  buiiliag  con- 
tains the  llbrarj'  of  29,000  volumes  on  botany,  horticiUturc  and  related  sciences,  in.  ludlng  ceviiu!  special 
collections;  the  herbarium,  containing  prepared  and  dried  specimens  of  plants  from  all  parts  ol  ;)ic  world. 
Occupies  the  greater  portion  of  several  rooms  on  theupper  floor  and  comprises  some  1,500,00''  specimens. 
There  are  also  laboratories  equipped  for  research  on  the  upper  floor,  to  which. properly  qualifit-fi  students 
ol  botany  are  admitted  and  instructed  by  one  or  another  member  Of  the  garden  st:i.!l. 

Conservatory  Range  No.  1 — Near  the  terminal  station  of  the  Third  Avem-e  elevated  ri.iway  is  a 
glasshouse  512  feet  in  length,  with  a  oeutral  dome  90  fei-t  high  and  v/ings  e.'ttendiDg  from  the  :,;::iii  range - 
so  as  to  form  a  court  open  to  the  southwest;  the  area  under  glass  here  is  nearly  1  acre,  and  the  lionse  con- 
tfilns  15  compartments.  Here  are  exhil3ited  palms  of  about  175  species,  from  all  parts  of  the  tropics  and  Bub- 
troplcs,  large  collections  of  agaves  or  century  plants,  aroids,  bromellads,  orchids,  bananas  and  the.':  relatives, 
aloes,  cacti,  stonecrops,  and  other  plants  of  tropical,  sub-tropical  and  warm  temperate  regions 

Conservatory  Range  No.  2 — The  eastern  side  ol  the  grounds,  near  the  AUerton  Avenue  eutraricc, 
ifi  composed  of  four  greenhouses,  divided  into  eight  compartments,  and  the  exhibits  have  comprised  tropical 
ferns,  orchids,  and  miscellaneous  tropical  plants.  It  is  being  enlarged  through  gifts  of  $50,000  iiy  Messrs. 
Daniel  and  Murry  Guggenheim,  two  additional  greenhoases  being  devoted,  one  to  an  orchid  !)otise,  the 
other  to  a  central  display  greenhouse,  Including  a  lectin'e  room. 

The  Mansion — A  large  stone  house  built  by  the  Lorillard  family  in  1856,  stands  above  the  Bronx 
liivor  near  the  waterfall.  It  Is  utilized  for  the  Garden  School,  for  shops  and  laboratories  and  the  ooUections 
of  the  Bronx  Society  of  Arts  and  Sciences  are  installed  in  several  rooms;  there  is  also  a  lecture  room  and  a 
reception  room.    The  Horticultural  Society  of  New  York  has  also  been  given  office  facilities  in  this   building. 

The  appro.ximate  cost  of  the  plant,  including  buildings,  roads,  paths,  grading,  drainage  and  water  sup- 
ply, and  including  work  in  progress,  has  been  about  31,725,000,  of  which  amotmt  about  Sl,42.'i,000  has 
fieen  expended  by  the  city  on  grounds  and  buildings  as  a  part  of  the  Park  System,  and  8300,000  has  been 
contributed  from  private  funds  of  the  corporation,  mainly  obtained  by  gifts.  The  total  value  ol  the  col- 
lections, all  obtained  from  private  sources,  either  from  gifts,  pin-chases  or  exchanges  with  other  in.'^l.itutionfi, 
is  aboirt  8500,000.  Permanent  funds  held  as  endowment,  obtained  by  gifts  and  bequests,  aggregate  .'$558,315. 
To  this  stun  may  be  added  bequests  subject  to  life  Interests  aggregating  330,000.  and  a  rccenr  bequest  of 
J'iuil  Wolff,  value  as  yet  imknown.  Expenditm-es  for  maintenance  at  the  present  time  are  S150,0<.i't  ;;DDuaIJy, 
of  w'iiich  SrJ0,n00  romes  from  the  city  and  .«30.000  from  funds  of  the  corporation. 


Museums  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences.       879 

NEW    YORK    HtSTORICAL    SOCIETY    GALLERY    AND    MUSEUM.     . 

(By  Robert  H.  Keiby,  Ubrariau.) 

The  New  York  Historical  Society,  founded  in  1804,  is  open  free  to  the  public  daily.  Sundays  excepted. 
9  A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.,  and  on  holidays,  1  to  5  P.  M.  (excepting  Christmas,  New  Year's  and  July  4.  Closed  foi 
the  month  of  August  for  cleaning  and  repairs).  The  Society  has  occupied  since  1908  the  building  on  Centra! 
Park  West  between  76th  and  77th  Streets,  completed  and  furnished  by  the  Society  at  a  cost  of  $1,000,000. 
Including  the  land.  The  home  before  that  was  on  Second  Avenue.  It  is  supported  by  endowment  funds 
and  membership  fees  without  aid  from  city  or  State.  The  Society  maintains  a  library,  museum  and  gallery 
of  art.  The  library  contains  130,000  volumes  and  150,000  pamphlets,  newspapers,  prints,  maps  and  a  larga 
collection  of  manuscripts,  all  relating  to  American  history.  The  newspaper  collection  numbers  5,386  vol- 
umes, of  which  3,381  were  printed  In  this  city  and  State.  The  earliest  file  being  the  "Boston  News-Letter," 
beginning  in  1704.  The  first  newspaper  printed  in  New  York  City  was  "The  New  York  Gazette,"  estab- 
lished in  1725  by  William  Bradford,  the  first  printer  in  the  Colony  of  New  York.  The  Society's  file  of  this 
paper  begins  with  1730.  The  largest  collection  of  New  York  City  and  State  newspapers  may  be  found  here. 
The  old  New  York  prints  cover  the  period  from  the  earliest  "View  o(  the  City,"  published  lu  1651,  to  modern) 
times,  and  is  unrivaled  in  its  completeness  by  either  private  or  public  collections  elsewhere.  Among  which 
may  be  mentioned  The  Burgia  View  of  the  City,  1717,  of  which  only  one  other  copy  is  known;  the  Maverici 
View  of  Wall  Street,  about  1825,  and  the  Tiebout  Engraving  of  the  City  Hall  on  Wall  Street.  The  maps 
include  the  Jameg  Lyne  survey  of  the  city  in  1731,  published  by  AVilliam  Bradford — the  first  engraved  map 
of  the  city  published — one  of  two  known  copies;  the  Dyckinck  plan  of  1755,  the  Ratzer  map  of  1767,  and  th« 
commissioners  map  of  1811,  besides  a  large  collection  of  atlases  "and  maps  of  all  periods.  The  more  important 
manuscripts  are  the  Cadwallader  Colden  papers,  De  Peyster  family  papers,  James  Duane  papers,  Albert 
Gallatin  papers.  General  Horatio  Gates  papers,  diary  of  Philip  Hone,  Rufus  King  papers,  Lloyd  family 
papers,  Rutherford  papers,  and  Lord  Sterling  papers. 

MANY   RELICS   OF   THIS   CITY   AND    STATE.  ■ 

Tlie  Museum  contains  many  relics  of  New  York  and  American  history,  besides  an  Egyptian  collectioB 
ol  3,000  objects,  the  first  brought  to  America.  Three  mummied  bulls  from  the  tombs  are  features,  whils 
'  every  form  of  Egyptian  art  during  the  Old  and  Middle  Kingdom  and  the  Empire,  2900-1167  B.  C,  is  repre- 
sented. The  collection  Is  especially  rich  in  papyrll.  The  Society  also  possesses  the  Nineveh  Sculptures, 
presented  in  1858  by  the  late  James  Lenox.  Of  local  relics  the  Beekman  family  coach,  used  before  th« 
Revolutionary  War,  in  this  city,  may  be  mentioned,  as  well  as  the  remains  of  the  famous  Equestrian  Statuo 
of  King  George  II,  and  the  statue  of  William  Pitt  (the  Earl  of  Chatham),  champion  of  the  American  cause 
in  Parliament.  The  former  was  destroyed  by  the  Americans,  and  the  latter  by  the  British,  at  the  time  o! 
the  Revolution. 

The  Gallery  of  Art  now  numbers  over  1,000  paintings,  including  old  masters.  Over  300  of  the  pamtings 
are  American  portraits:  George  Washington  by  Stuart,  Peale  and  Durand,  John  Adams,  John  Quincy  Adams, 
Bayard  family  portraits,  Aaron  Burr,  Henry  Clay,  George  and  De  Witt  Clinton,  John  S.  Copley  by  himself. 
De  Peyster  family  portraits,  Hamilton  Fish,  Benjamin  Franklin,  Albert  Gallatin,  Fitz-Greene  Halleck, 
Alexander  Hamilton,  Andrew  Jackson,  John  Jay,  Thomas  Jefferson,  Lafayette,  James  Madison,  Oliver  H 
Perry,  Edgar  Allan  Poe,  Red  Jacket,  Schuyler  family  portraits,  Stuyvesant  family  portraits,  Zachary  Taylor. 
Daniel  Webster,  and  N.  P.  Willis.  The  Society  also  possesses  the  original  water  color  drawings  made  by 
John  James  Audubon  for  his  'Birds  of  America," — 460  beautifully  executed  pictures.  Special  exhibltion- 
of  the  Society's  collections  are  held  from  time  to  time  to  which  the  public  is  invited.  Since  the  occupation 
of  the  present  bulldhig  in  1908  the  Society's  treasures  in  art  and  literature  have  been  exhibited  and  freely 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  public  for  its  enjoyment,  use  and  study. 


MUSEUMS    OF    THE    BROOKLYN    INSTITUTE    OF    ARTS    AND    SCIENCES. 

The  Central  Museum  on  Eastern  Parkway  at  Washington  Ave.,  the  Children's  Museum  in  Bedford 
Park  the  Department  of  Education  with  activities  in  the  Academy  of  Music  building,  and  the  Brooklyn 
Botanic  Garden  are  under  the  general  management  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  any 
Sciences.  They  receive  appropriations  from  the  city  for  maintenance,  and  their  collections  are  provide*  i 
for  entirely  from  private  sources.  The  construction  work  is  done  through  the  Department  of  Parks  and  the 
bills  are  audited  through  tliis  department.  Work  on  the  new  wing  of  the  Central  Museum  was  begun  in 
1918.    Additions  to  the  collections  of  sculpture  Include  a  group  in  wood  carving,  "The  Game  of  Chess,"  b;. 


American  furniture  were  made,  besides  the  interior  panelling  of  two  rooms  of  the  BidweU  House  at  Hartfora. 
Conn  and  the  panelling,  doors,  windows  and  staircase  of  the  SewaU  House  at  Secretary,  Dorchester  Count;.-, 
Md  '  A  collection  of  Egyptian  gold  jewelry  and  other  works  of  Egyptian  art  was  presented  by  Miss  Theo- 
dora Wilbour  as  an  addition  to  the  memorial  Wilbour  collection.  Mrs.  St.  Clair  McKelway  presented  the 
sienet  ring  formerly  worn  by  St.  Clair  McKelway  containing  an  Egyptian  scarab  of  the  eighteenth  dynasiy 
(Thotmes  III.).  Among  the  paintings  are  a  portrait  of  the  musical  composer  Haydn,  by  Langhi:  John 
Watts,  by  Gilbert  Stuart.  The  S.  P.  Avery  collection  includes  porcelain,  jade,  teakwood,  and  cloisoun.-. 
the  Wilbour  assemblage  Includes  works  of  Egyptian  art.  The  Museum  publishes  a  Quarterly  jomnul. 
William  Henry  Fox  is  the  Director. 

DESERT   GROUPS   A   FEATURE   OF   THE    COLLECTIONS. 

The  desert  srouo  one  of  the  largest  of  museum  habitat  exliibits,  has  been  opened  to  the  public.  It 
elves  a.  representation  of  desert  flora,  and  epitomizes  the  life  conditions,  the  physiography,  the  characterist-c 
vegetal  and  animal  forms  of  the  arid  regions  in  southwestern  United  States.  The  sooty  albatross  exhibi'. 
the  second  of  the  Museum's  habitat  groups  of  antarctic  animals,  has  recently  bet/  completed.  Notewort  i  y 
among  the  smaUer  additions  to  the  exhibits  are  a  series  of  wax  models  of  Long  Island  frogs,  toads,  and  sah. - 
Sandirs;  several  mounted  specimens  of  Long  Island  freshwater  fishes  presented  by  Conservation  Com^^ 
misilone  •  George  D.  Pratt:  a  giant  lobster,  hundreds  of  exquisitely  prepared  marine  n vertebrates,  includir^ 
™elenterates,  holothurians,  ascldians.  &c.,  collected  during  the  Pacific  Coast  Expedition  o  1916.  The  wor,« 
of  the  Department  of  Ethnology  in  the  Museum  has  been  devoted  chiefly  to  the  l^nstallatlon  of  the  Easi 
IndS.n  collections  of  1914.  The  architectural  material  secured  at  that  time  has  been  in  part  employed  a^j 
setting  for  a  painted  Indian  curtain  dating  from  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  centaury.  On  ibe  landing 
the  porch  of  a  Jain  rest  house  from  Ahmadabad  has  been  reconstructed.  Attention  has  also  been  given  to 
the  Japanese  and  Chinese  collections;  valuable  gifts  of  Japanese  armor  and  East  Indian  weapons  have  bee<i 
made  by  Mr.  Herman  Stutzfer,  while  numerous  important  additions  to  the  East  Indian.  Thibetan  and  Chi- 
SSe  coUections  have  been  acquired  by  purchase.  There  are  frequent  loan  exhibitions,  and  special  lectures 
to  school  chUdren.     The  attendance  at  the  Children  s  Museum  Is  over  ISOjpOO  a  year.     _        ,  on  f«  o  ir,. 

-The  Central  Museum  is  open  9  A.  M.  to  6  P.  M  ;  Sundays.  2  to  6  P.  M.:  Thursday  evenings.  7.30  to  9.45. 
free  except  Mondays  and  Tuesdays,  when  the  charge  is  25  cents  (10  cents  for  children  under  16  yesra) 
Sfe?  to  school  children  CTery  day.  The  Children's  Museum  is  free  at  all  times,  and  is  open  every  week  day: 
9  A.  M.  to  5.30  P.  M.;  Sundays.  2  to  5.30  P.  M. 


880 


The  Water  Supply  of  New  York  City. 


THE    WATER    SUPPLY    OF    NEW    YORK    CITY. 

(For  the  Almanac;  by  W.  W.  Brush,  Acting  Chief  Engineer.) 
Piior  to  the  general  Introduction  of  Catsltill  water  in  1917  the  different  boroughs  had  no  water  supply 
Byst  ?n  in  common.     The  water  supply  for  the  numerous  communities,  consolidated  in  1898  to  form  the 

§  resent  city,  was  developed  without  considering  the  present  city  limits  and  can,  therefore,  be  more  rle-arJy 
escribed  by  boroughs. 

Manhattan  and  Bronx — The  Borouglis  of  Manhattan  and  Bronx,  prior  to  the  introductiou  o)  OatskiJl 
watw,  were  suppiied  entirely  from  the  Croton  watershed  and  from  the  Bronx  and  By  ram  waterslKjd,  the 
latter  being  now  part  of  the  Catskill  system.  The  Croton  watershed  furnishes  about  half  of  tlie  present 
supply  for  Manhattan  and  Bronx,  the  other  half  being  supplied  from  the  Esopus  watershed.  The  E.sonu6 
watershed  In  the  Catskills,  from  wliich  the  Catskill  supply  is  obtained,  has  an  area  of  257  square  inilce.  . 
The  water  from  the  Esopus  watershed  is  collected  in  the  Ashokan  Reservoir,  about  fourteen  miUs  west 
CI  the  Hudson  at  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  and  about  ninety-two  miles  from  the  northern  city  boundary.  The 
available  supply  from  the  Esopus  watershed  is  increased  by  the  rainfall  and  run  off  on  some  twenty-two 
square  miles  of  watershed  (the  Bronx  and  BjTam  watershed)  tributary  to  Kensico  Reservoir,  which  lies 
east  of  the  Hudson  River,  aud  about  seventeen  miles  from  the  northern  city  boundary.  Under  average 
rainfall  and  run-off  conditions  the  available  supply  from  the  Esopus  watershed  is  375,000,000  gallons  daily, 
and  from  the  Bronx  and  Byram  watershed  about  20,000,000  gallons  dallj',  making  the  total  availahK-  supply 
Of  water  from  the  Catskill  system,  395  000,000  gallons  dally;  the  safe  mlnimiun  yield  from  these  wo  sheds 
Is  265,000,000  gallons  daily. 

The  Croton  watershed,  which  lies  some  22  miles  north  of  the  city  line,  has  an  area  of  375  square  miles 
and  a  safe  mlulmuai  yield  of  336,000.000  gallons  daily.  Under  average  rainfall  and  run-off  conditions  the 
yield  of  this  shed  is  400,000.000  gallons  daily.  The  water  from  the  Croton  watershed  is  collected  jn  twelve 
reservoirs  and  six  lakes  and  ponds. 

Brooklyn — The  Esopus  watershed  furnishes  the  entire  supply  for  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn,  with  the 
exception  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Ward,  which  is  supplied  by  the  Flatbush  Water  Works  Company.  :i  private 
water  company,  the  source  of  supply  being  ground  water  collected  from  driven  wells.  The  supply  from 
the  old  Brooklyn  system,  which  yielded  about  150,000,000  gallons,  and  which  Is  now  held  in  resii  v.;,  was 
Obtained  from  driven  wells,  intlltration  galleries,  and  small  streams  located  along  the  south  short  ol  Long 
Island,  extending  from  Brooklyn  Borough  easterly  to  the  Suffolk  County  line. 

Queens — The  city  supplies  only  the  First  and  Third  Wards  In  the  Borough  of  Queens.  The  l';sopus 
watershed  furnishes  the  entire  present  supply  to  these  wards.  The  First  Ward  was  formerly  siipplied 
from  the  Brooklyn  system,  supplemented  by  a  small  amount  derived  from  the  municipal  driven  wcli  pump- 
ing stations  in  the  First  and  Third  Wards.  The  Third  Ward  was  supplied  by  two  pumping  statios'S,  now 
held  In  reserv'e,  one  station  drawing  ita  supply  from  driven  wells  and  the  other  obtaining  about  iialf  its 
supply  from  wells  and  one-half  from  a  small  lake,  the  water  being  filtered.  The  combined  yicli.'  of  the 
two  plants  Is  about  6,000,000  gallons  daily.  The  Second,  Fourth,  and  Fifth  Wards,  Queens,  are  supplied 
by  private  water  companies,  the  source  of  supply  being  entirely  ground  waters,  collectc^d  by  means  <■■'  <iriven 
wells.     There  are  four  of  these  private  companies,  with  two  others  serving  special  customers. 

Richmond — The  Borough  of  Richmond  is  supplied  from  the  Esopus  watershed,  supplemeiiu-,d  by  a 
small  amount  (about  4,000,000  gallons  daily),  derived  from  wells  pumped  at  two  stations.  Silver  Lake 
Reservoir,  the  terminal  reservoir  lor  the  Catskill  system.  Is  located  in  this  borough.  Richmond  \v:.s  toi- 
merly  dependent  for  its  supply  on  ground  water  drawn  froin  wells,  the  city  owning  and  operatiny  f>i>:  small 
pl.-ints  having  a  total  available  capacity  of  about  14,000.000  gallons  daily. 

DAILY   CONSUMPTION.    AVERAGE    FOR    1917. 


Borough. 

Suppiied  By 
City.    . 

Supplied  By 
Priv.  Co's. 

BOROUGH. 

Supplied  By 
City. 

Supplied  By 
Priv.  Co'e. 

M;inhattan  and  Bronx 

373,800,000 

140,300,000 

18,300.000 

None. 
14,400,000 
25  100  000 

Riclunotid               

12,400,000 

100,000 

E.-i)0klyn 

Qiii^ns 

Tolrl                

545,000,000 

3C«. 000,000 

The  South  Shore  (Statcn  Island)  Water  Works  were  acquired  by  the  city,  August  31,.  191 T. 


OTHER   DATA    ON    THE    WATER   SUPPLY. 
(Supplied  from  Official  Sources.) 

New  York  City's  Catskill  Mountain  water  supply  system  is  the  greatest  of  waterworks,  i.iOdern  or  ■ 
ancient.  The  portion  of  the  great  project  which  has  l>een  completed  constitutes  three-quarters  of  tlie  whole 
jtnd  embraces  the  Ashokan  reservoir,  an  artificial  lake  twelve  miles  long  for  storing  the  waters  of  Esopua 
( !reek,  the  Catskill  Aqueduct  extending  ninety-two  miles  from  this  reservoir  to  the  city's  northern  bound- 
ary and  thirty-flve  miles  within  the  city  limits,  Including  the  branch  of  tho  Borough  of  Queeiip,  Kensico 
storage  reservoir  near  White  Plains,  Hill  View  equalizing  reservoir  at  the  city  line  and  Silver  Laki^  terminal 
resarvoir  on  Staten  Island.  Construction  was  begun  in  1907.  Night  and  day  the  w.'iter  now  flows  uT!ccas- 
ingly  from  the  mountains  to  Staten  Island,  120  miles.  To  the  city's  permanent  water  resources  .'ia  addi- 
tion has  been  made  which  can  be  depended  vipou  for  at  least  250  million  gallons  daily.  Development  of 
the  second  Catskill  watershed,  that  of  Schoharie  Creek,  just  being  inaugurated,  will  in  a  few  yo.irs  round 
out  the  system  and  make  the  total  quantity  of  new  water  from  the  moimtalns  not  less  than  500  (iiillion 
gallons  each  day.     New  York  City  uses  615  million  gallons  daily. 

The  new  Catskill  Mountain  water  supply  is  a  gravity  system.  For  New  York  City's  Catskill  Moun- 
tain water  system  there  are  two  contiguous  drainage  areas,  or  watersheds,  occupying  the  central  portion  of 
tho  Catskill  Mountains  lying  between  eighty-Jive  and  125  miles  from  New  York.  The  Schoharie  w.ater- 
shed  has  an  area  of  314  square  miles.  Esopus  has  an  area  of  2.')7  square  miles.  These  two  waters^ieds  have 
a  total  area  of  571  square  miles,  from  which  more  than  .500  million  gailons  of  water  daily  can  surely  be 
drawn  throughout  each  year.  Along  the  aqueduct  provisions  have  been  made  for  storing  a  large  quantity 
of  water.  From  the  Ashokan  reservoir  it  is  almost  a  thrce-ilays'  journey  rnr  the  water  to  flow  throui;!Ji  the 
aqueduct  to  the  Sliver  Lake  terminal  reservoir  on  Statin  Island. 

THE  GRAVITY  SYSTEM. 

One  of  the  great  advantages  of  the  new  supply  of  water  from  the  Cawkill  Mountains  is  that  tlie  reser- 
voirs in  the  mountains  are  at  such  elevations  that  the  water  can  flow  by  gravity  to  the  city  and  be  delivered 
Witliln  its  limits  into  the  street  mains  at  sucli  pressures  that  it  will  rise  to  the  heights  necessary  for  service 
In  practically  ail  parts  of  the  city  and  in  buildings  of  all  rea.sonable  heiglits,  without  pumping.  The  pump- 
Int;  rendered  unnecessary  by  tliis  high  gravity  pressure  of  the  Catskill  water  has  cost  the  city  and  property 
owners  large  sums  of  money.  This  cost  cannot  be  exactly  stated,  but  It  has  been  estimated  for  recent  yesre 
at  $2,000,000  per  anniun. 

For  surveys,  real  estate,  construction,  engineering  and  general  supervision,  and  all  other  items  except 
Interest  on  the  bonds,  the  total  cost  of  the  completed  CatskiU  system  will  be  about  5177,000,000,  of  which 
$22,000,000  are  lor  the  Schoharie  works. 

The  magnitude  of  New  Yorlt's  new  water  Avorks  and  of  the  problem  of  supplying  the  metropolis  wStb 


The  ¥/ater  Supply  of  New  York  City —Continued.  881 


water  will  be  more  comprehensible  from  a  few  comparisons.  Each  year  New  York  adds  people  enough  to 
make  ou  Atlanta,  a  Hartford,  a  Memphis,  or  a  New  Haven;  or  every  three  years  a  Buffalo,  a  Cincinnati, 
or  a  San  Francisco;  or  in  four  years,  a  Baltimore,  or  a  Pittsbm'gh,  or  enough  to  populate  the  State  of  Rhode 
Island.  Ashokan  reservoir -can  hold  nearly  as  much  water  as  all  the  ten  reservoirs  of  the  Croton  system  and 
KensJco  reservoir  combined.  Air  the  Catsklll  resei-voirs  together  hold  nearly  twice  as  much  as  the  ten  Cro- 
ton reservoirs.    Their  contents  would  fill  the  North  River  froiii  the  Battery  to  Hastings. 

The  cut-and-cover  aqueduct  and  the  tunnels  are  more  than  big  enough  for  railroad  trains  to  pass 
through  them  with  ease.  Catsklll  Aqueduct  is  twice  as  long  as  the  two  Croton  Aqueducts  put  end  to  end. 
The  water  which  the  Catsklll  Aqueduct  can  carry  would  be  waist  deep  between  the  bufldlngs  in  Fifth 
Avenue's  fashionable  shopping  district,  If  flowing  at  a  comfortable  walking  speed.  The  water  used  by  New 
York  City  each  day  weighs  about  eight  times  as  much  as  its  population.  The  two  deepest  shafts  of  tho  city 
tunnel  of  the  Catsklll  Aqueduct,  one  at  the  comer  of  Clinton  and  South  Streets,  and  the  other  at  the  comer 
of  Delancey  and  Eldridge  Streets,  Manhattan,  are  each  as  deep  as  the  tower  of  the  Woolworth  Building 
is  high.  If  the  Eiffel  Tower  could  be  stood  with  Its  foundations  in  the  Hudson  River  tunnel,  its  top  woultf 
not  appear  above  the  river  surface,  or  If  two  Woolworth  Buildings  were  stood  one  on  top  of  the  otiier,  the 
lower  one  having  its  foundation  in  the  Hudson  River  tunnel,  the  top  of  the  upper  one  would  just  reai;h  the 
level  at  which  the  water  flows  away  through  the  mountain  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Hudson  after  rising  in 
the  shafts  from  the  tunnel  beneath  the  river. 

The  Catskill  Aqueduct  has  interlinked  the  earlier  systems  of  water  supply  and  the  distribution  tivstems 
of  aU  the  five  boroughs  as  they  have  nevei-  been  before.  For  this  reason,  the  Catskill  system  supplc-iijents 
the  systems  which  preceded  it  and  enhances  their  value  to  the  city. 

ASHOICA.N  RESERVOIR. 

Ashokan  reservoir,  about  fourteen  miles  west  of  the  Hudson  at  Kingston,  was  built  at  a  cost  of  nearJv 
$20,000,000.  The  water  whicb  the  reservoir  holds  would  cover  all  Manhattan  Island  to  a  depth  of  thirty 
teet;  the  area  of  its  surface  is  equivalent  to  that  of  Manhattan  below  One  Hundred  and  Tenth  Street.  The 
water  surface  of  the  west  basin  when  full  is  at  an  elevation  of  690  feet  above  mean  tide  In  Now  York 
Harbor.  The  level  of  the  east  basin,  when  full,  is  three  feet  lower  than  that  of  the  west  basin  and  from 
It  flood  waters  overflow  through  the  spillway  and  a  brook  channel  into  Esopus  Creek  about  two  miles  below 
Olive  Bridge  dam.  Water  can  also  be  drawn  from  one  basin  Into  the  other  through  a  gate-chambev  in  the 
dividing  weir  which  contains  four  sluice  gates,  each  five  feet  by  fifteen  feet.  Olive  Bridge  dam  is  a  massive 
structure  consisting  of  a  central  masoni-y  portion  1,000  feet  long  extended  by  earth  dikes,  or  embank- 
ments, known  as  the  North  and  South  wings.  The  masonry  part,  founded  on  solid  ledge  rock,  Is  built  of 
Cyclopean  concrete,  with  pre-cast  concrete  face  blocks.  The  wings  of  the  Olive  Bridge  dam  and  the  dikes 
axe  built  of  selected  earth  spread  in  layers  four  or  sl.\  inches  thick  and  compacted  by  heavy  rollers.  Each 
dike  has  a  concrete  core-wall  e.\tending  to  ledge  rock  or  into  very  compact  impervious  earth  fou;jdation, 
often  called  hardpan.  The  bottoms  and  slopes  of  the  reservoir  basins  were  cleared  of  trees,  brusli.  build- 
ings and  other  objectionable  things.  Around  the  reservoir  new  highways,  aggregating  about  foriy  miles 
In  laigth,  requiring  the  construction  of  ten  new  bridges,  all  of  reinforced  concrete,  have  been  substituted 
for  the  submerged  roads.  One  of  these  bridges,  at  Traver  Hollow,  is  a  three-hinged  arch  of  200-'o«r,  span, 
and  Ashokan  bridge,  crossing  the  reservoir  on  the  dividing  weir,  is  1,120  feet  long  and  has  flfteeu  arches 
of  67.6-foot  span.  In  order  to  keep  population  at  a  reasonable  distance  from  the  shores  of  the  reservoir 
and  thus  protect  the  waters  from  immediate  pollution,  sufficient  area  of  land  was  taken  to  afford  a  (oarslnal 
strip  at  least  1,000  feet  wide  all  around  the  shore. 

For  constructing  Ashokan  reservoir,  the  coutractoi-s  assembled  approximately  thirty  miles  of  rail- 
road, thirty-three  locomotives,  .'579  cars,  sLxty  derricks,  seven  cableways,  sixteen  steam  rollers,,  nineteen 
steam  shovels,  a  steel  trestle  bridge  390  feet  long  and  eighty-five  feet  high,  air  compressors,  stone  crushers, 
concrete  mixers,  etc.,  costing  mucli  more  than  a  mililon  dollars. 

KENSICO  RESERVOIR. 
Kensico  reservoir,  east  of  the  Hudsci,  and  thirty  miles  from  the  City  Hall,  contains  enough  f;atski!l 
water  to  supply  New  York  several  months  if  carefully  husbanded.  It  acta  as  a  storage  reservoir.  This  reser- 
voir is  formed  by  the  Kensico  dan)  across  the  valley  of  the  Bronx  River,  about  three  miles  north  of  White 
Plains  and  fifteen  miles  north  of  the  J.il\l  View  reservoir.  For  the  new  Kensico  reservoir,  3,200  acrcfi  of  land 
were  acquired:  which.  In  addition  to  tlie  1,300  acres  acquired  for  the  old  reservoir  and  Rye  pond.s,  make  a 
total  of  4,500  acres,  providing  a  marginal  protective  strip  around  the  entire  flow  line  in  but  few  places  less 
than  uOO  feet  wide.  In  order  to  secure  a  good  quality  of  water  In  the  substitute  reservoirs,  about  186  acres 
of  swamp  were  cleared  and  covered  with  a  layer  of  earth  averaging  a  foot  in  depth,  and  the  water  before 
being  drawn  into  the  pipe  line  was  passed  through  a  temporary  aerator  just  below  Rye  dike.  Kensico  dam 
is  a  gravity  masonry  structure  of  cyelopean  concrete.  Tlie  upstream  face  is  of  pre-cast  concrete  blocks. 
AU  this  stonework  is  of  coarse  texture,  in  harmony  with  the  massiveness  and  strength  of  the'daui  At* 
stone  for  the  dam  was  obtained  from  a  quarry  nearby  developed  especially  for  the  purpose.  A  public  fiigb- 
way  traverses  the  top  of  the  dam.  The  length  of  the  level  part  of  the  visible  base  of  the  dam,  and  of  the 
terrace,  is  1,025  feet.  The  vertical  height  of  the  exposed  face,  from  the  terrace  to  the  top  of  the  purapet. 
Is  133  feet,  but  the  maximum  height  from  lowest  foundation  to  top  of  parajiet  is  310  feet.  Surveys  for  this 
reser\'oir  were  begun  in  May,  1906,  and  the  contract  for  the  dam,  reservoir  and  substitute  supply  works 
was  awarded  In  December,  1909.  The  amount  of  the  contract,  based  on  the  bid  prices  and  the  .'Tjiproxi- 
mate  estimate  of  quantities,  was  57,953,050. 

HILL  VIEW  RESERVOIR. 

Hill  View  reservoir  is  located  in  the  City  of  Yonkers,  just  north  of  the  New  York  City  line,  and  fif- 
teen miles  south  of  Kensico  reservoir.  Its  function  is  to  equalize  the  difference  between  the  use  of  water  In 
the  city  as  it  varies  from  hour  to  hour  and  the  st<.'ady  How  in  the  aqueduct.  It  Is  an  uncovered,  ariiiJcial" 
reservoir  of  the  earth  embankment  type.  It  liolds  900,000,000  gallons  of  water,  with  a  depth  of  30);  feet, 
and  has  a  water  surface  of  ninety  acres.  The  contract  for  Its  construction  was  let  for  $3,270,000,  in  J>-.:cem- 
ber,  1909.  It  was  first  filled  December  29,  1915,  The  path  around  the  top  of  the  reservoir  is  8,600  feet  long. 
The  reser\'oir  Is  divided  Into  two  basins  by  a  wall  2,740  feet  long  that  contains  the  by-pass  aqueduct  so  that 
either  one  or  both  basins  may  be  used  or  be  by-i)assed  whenever  required,  or  water  delivered  directly  into 
the  city  tunnel. 

THE  AQUEDUCT  NORTH  OF  THE  CITY. 

There  are  four  distinct  types  of  aqueduct,  cut-aud-cover,  grade  tunnel,  pressure  tunnel  and  sto-.ii-P'pe 
Siphon,  north  of  the  city  line.  Where  hills  or  mountains  cross  the  line,  and  It  would  have  been  iiupr^cUa- 
able  or  uneconomical  to  circumvent  them,  tunnels  at  tho  natural  elevation  of  the  aqueduct  (bydiaulic 
gradient)  were  driven  through  them.  There  are  twenty-four  of  these  grade  tunnels,  aggregating  lourteea 
miles.  They,  also,  are  horseshoe  shape,  seventeen  feet  high,  by  thirteen  feet  four  inches  wide,  au.;  lined 
throughout  with  concrete. 

Where  deep  and  broad  valleys  were  crossed  and  there  was  suitable  rock  beneath  them,  cu-cular  t-^inels 
were  driven  deep  in  the  rock  and  lined  with  concrete.  There  are  seven  pressure  tunnels,  totalUcig  sjcve.'.- 
teen  miles,  with  a  diameter  of  about  fourteen  feet.  Drainage  shafts  were  constructed  so  that  each  pn  ssure 
tnnnel  can  be  unwaterod  for  inspection,  cicauint;  or  repair. 

SIPHON  TUNNEL  UNDER  HUDSON  RIVER. 

The  Hudson  River  is  crossed  by  means  oi  a  tuuDcl  wholly  in  granitic  rock,  at  a  depth  of  1,!14  fe«J 


882 


The  Water  Supply  of  New  York  City—Continued. 


below  sea  level,  between  a  shaft  at  Storm  King  Mountain  on  the  west  bank  and  another  shaft  on  the  east 
side  of  the  river  at  Breakneck  Mountain.  The  top  of  the  west  shaft  is  closed  by  a  deep  concrete  plug,  but 
the  east  shaft,  which  is  the  drainage  and  access  shaft  for  the  Moodna-Hudson-Breakneck  pressure  tunnel, 
as  well  as  a  waterway,  required  a  removable  cover,  and  for  it  steel  castings  and  forgings  of  unusual  size 
and  shape  had  to  be  manufactured.  The  drainage  shaft  is  fourteen  feet  In  diameter  inside  the  concrete 
inner  lining,  which  protects  the  fifteen-foot-diameter  steel  Interlining,  outside  of  which  concrete  Is  solidly 
packed  against  the  rock.  About  ten  feet  above  sea-Ievel,  this  shaft  Is  covered  by  a  steel  casting  nearly 
hemispherical  in  shape.  This  dome  rests  on  a  cast  steel  ring  called  the  curb.  To  hold  the  dome  in  place 
against  the  pressure  of  thfe  water  when  the  aqueduct  is  in  service,  which  at  this  point  is  180  pounds  per 
square  inch,  equivalent  to  a  head  of  410  feet,  there  are  thirty-six  anchor  bolts,  each  4H  inches  in  diameter 
and  50  feet  long,  made  of  nickel-chrome  steel.  These  bolts  go  through  bored  holes  in  the  flange  of  the  dome 
and  the  curb,  and  through  steel  sleeves  to  a  cast  steel  anchor  ring  46  feet  farther  down.  The  object  of 
these  sectional  steel  sleeves  is  primarily  to  insure  the  application  of  the  anchorage  stresses  at  a  suitable 
depth  in  the  rock,  secondarily  to  permit  tiie  removal  of  the  bolts  if  desired  in  connection  with  the  removal 
of  the  cover  or  for  inspection  and  also  for  convenience  and  necessary  adjustments  during  construction 
operations.  The  top  and  bottom  sections  of  these  sleeves  are  of  cast  steel,  each  with  forty-seven  collars 
on  the  outside  to  afford  a  good  grip  on  the  concrete;  the  middle  sections  are  commercial  pipe. 

Steel  pipe  siphons  were  used  in  valleys  where  the  rock  was  not  sound  or  where  for  other  reasons  pressure 
tunnels  would  be  impracticable.  These  steel  pipes  are  made  of  plates  from  7-lfi-inch  to  ?|-inch  In  thick- 
ness, riveted  together,  and  are  9  feet  and  11  feet  in  diameter.  They  are  lined  with  2  Inches  of  cement  mortar, 
enveloped  with  concrete  and  covered  with  an  earth  embankment.  There  are  fourteen  of  these  siphons, 
aggregating  six  miles.  Three  pipes  are  required  in  each  siphon  for  the  full  capacity  of  the  aqueduct,  but 
only  one  pipe  has  been  completed  in  all  the  siphons.  The  remaining  pipes  are  now  needed  and  must  be 
constructed  as  soon  as  market  conditions  will  permit.  These  pipes  are  not  true  siphons,  but  are  given  this 
name  because  of  their  approximate  resemblance  to  an  inverted  siphon. 

HOW  THE  WATER  IS  PROTECTED. 

At  the  Ashokan  reservoir,  and  also  at  Kensico  reservoir,  aerators  have  been  built.  The  aerators  are 
substantially  alike  and  are  great  fountain  basins,  approximately  500  feet  long  by  250  feet  wide,  each  con- 
taining about  1,600  nozzles,  through  which  jets  of  water  are  thrown  vertically  Into  the- air.  permitting 
thorough  admixture  of  oxygen  from  the  atmosphere  and  removal  of  undesirable  gases  and  other  matters 
causing  tastes  and  odors. 

Within  the  screen  chamber  down  stream  from  Kensico  reservoir  chlorine  is  introduced  into  the  water 
flowing  in  the  aqued\ict  for  the  destruction  of  germ  life.  The  gas  is  delivered  at  the  chamber  compressed 
to  a  liquid  state  in  steel  containers  holding  one  hundred  pounds  each.  Chlorine  Is  used  to  insure  the  prac- 
tical sterilization  of  the  water  before  it  goes  to  the  city  and  is  wholly  neutralized  or  dissipated  before  tlio 
water  reaches  the  distribution  pipes.  In  addition  to  the  treatment  whenever  required  by  the  methods  out- 
lined above,  Catskill  water  constantly  receives  benefit  from  its  long  storage  in  the  great  reservoirs  of  the 
system.  In  them  sedimentation,  bleaching  by  the  sun,  oxygenation  by  the  winds  and  sterilization  by  nat- 
ural processes,  all  go  on  more  or  less  continually. 

THE  CITY  TUNNEL. 

From  Hill  View  reservoir,  Catskill  water  Is  delivered  Into  the  five  boroughs  by  a  circular  tunnel  In 
solid  rock  reducing  in  diameter  from  15  to  14,  13,  12,  and  11  feet.  The  total  length  of  the  tunnel  Is  eighteen 
miles.  From  two  terminal  shafts  in  Brooklyn,  steel  and  cast  iron  pipe  lines  extend  into  Queeas  and  Rich- 
mond. A  36-inch  flexible-jointed,  cast  iron  pipe,  burled  in  a  trench  in  the  harbor  bottom,  has  been  laid 
across  the  Narrows  to  the  Staten  Island  shore,  whence  a  48-lnch  cast  Iron  pipe  extends  to  the  Silver  Lake 
reservoir,  holding  435,000,000  gallons.  The  total  length  of  this  delivery-system  is  over  thirty-four  railea. 
The  tunnel  is  at  depths  of  200  to  750  feet  below  the  street  surface,  thus  avoiding  interference  with  streets, 
buildings,  subways,  sewers  and  pipes.  These  depths  are  necessary,  also,  to  secure  a  substantial  rock  covering 
to  withstand  the  bursting  pressure  of  the  water  Inside  and  afford  the  requisite  watertlghtness.  The  water- 
way of  the  tunnel  is  lined  throughout  with  Portland  cement  concrete. 

The  city  tunnel,  which  Is  the  longest  tunnel  In  the  world  for  carrying  water  under  pressure,  or  for  any 
other  piu-pose,  was  constn'cted  from  twenty-five  shafts,  including  tlie  downtake  shaft  at  Hill  View  reser- 
voir, about  4,000  feet  apart,  located  in  parks  and  other  places  where  they  interfered  very  little  with 
traffic.  Through  twenty-two  of  these  shafts  the  water  Is  delivered  into  the  street  mains.  These  connections 
from  the  tunnel  to  the  mains  are  made  by  means  of  vertical  riveted  steel  pipes  (called  risers)  embedded 
in  concrete  in  the  upper  part  of  eaci  shaft  and  lined  with  concrete  to  prevent  corrosion  Inside.  Concrete 
Alls  all  spaces  outside  the  risers,  sealing  the  shafts  against  the  escape  of  water  excepting  through  the  pipes. 
Provision  is  made  at  Shaft  11  In  Morningside  Park  and  at  Shaft  21  on  the  shore  of  the  East  River,  at  Clin- 
ton and  South  Streets,  Manhattan,  for  unwaterlng  the  tunnel,  whenever  necessary,  for  inspection,  clean- 
ing or  repairs.  Unusual  features  in  connection  with  the  operation  of  the  tunnel  are  the  bronze  riser  valves 
In  the  sliafts.  The  former  are  located  about  100  feet  below  the  top  of  sound  rock  and  are  designed  to  close 
automatically  In  case  of  an  important  break  in  the  valve  chamber  or  in  the  street  mains.  They  can  also  be 
closed  by  hand  from  within  the  chambers  at  the  shaft  tops. 

The  cost  of  the  portions  of  the  Catskill  Aqueduct  within  the  city  limits,  including  the  timnel,  pipe  lines, 
appurtenances  and  Silver  Lake  reservoir,  is  $23,000,000. 

SHAFTS  OF  THE  CITY  TUNNEL. 


Shaft. 


2 


5 
6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 


Location. 


Downtake,  Hill  View  reservoir. . 
24l8t  St.  and  Jerome  Ave.,  Van 

Cortlandt  Park 

Mosholu  and  Jerome  Aves.,  Van 

Cortlandt  Park 

Sedgwick  Ave.  and  Mosholu  P'k- 

way,  Jerome  Park  Reservoir. . 
196th    St.     and     Jerome    Ave., 

Jerome  Park  Reservoir 

183(1  St.  and  Aqueduct  Ave 

176th  St.  and  Aqueduct  Ave. .  . . 

167th  St.  and  Sedgwick  Ave 

165th  St.  and  High  Bridge  Park.. 
150th  St.  and  St.  Nicholas  Ave. . 
136th  St.  and  St.  Nicholas  Park . 
12l8t  St.  and  Morningside  Park. 
108th  St.  and  Central  Park 


Depth 
(Feet). 


SOS 

243 

226 

216 

240 
224 
277 
350 
475 
439 
403 
413 
260 


Shaft. 


13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 

19 

20 
21 
22 
23 

24 


Location. 


93d  St.  and  Central  Park 

79th  St.  In  Central  Park 

65th  St.  in  Central  Park 

50th  St.  and  Sixth  Ave 

Sixth  Ave.  in  Bryant  Park .... 
24th  St.  and  Broadway,  Madison 

Square 

6th  St.  and  Fourth  Ave.,  Cooper 

Square 

Delancey  and  Eldrldge  Sts 

Clinton  and  South  Sts 

Sands  and  Bridge  Sts.,  Brooklyn 
Flatbush  Ave.  and  Schermerhom 

St.,  Brooklyn •. 

Ft.  Greene  Park  at  Myrtle  Ave., 

Brooklyn 


Depth 

(Feet). 


250 
237 
218 
216 
222 

203 

708 
740 
714 
715 

310 

321 


SILVER  LAKE  RESERVOIR. 
The  terminal  Silver  I.ak«  reservoir  for  the  Catskill  water  system,  located  on  Staten  Island,  Is  about 
8,400  feet  long  and  1,500  teet  wide    It  holds  4384)00.000  gaUons.    Earth  embankments  close  natural  <M* 


The  Water  Supply  of  New  York  City—Cohtinuad.  883 

pressions  in  the  ground  and  a  dlvidlag  dike  paved  with  concrete  forms  two  basins.  From  a  gate  chamber 
Dullt  in  this  dike,  reinforced  concrete  conduits  extend  to  the  boundary  of  the  reservoir,  and  cast  iron  pipes 
prolonged  from  them  connect  with  the  Narrows  siphon  and  with  the  Staten  Island  ser\'lce  mains. 

lu  order  that  the  Catskill  aqueduct  might  be  most  safely  and  economically  located,  extensive  surveys 
and  sub-surface  explorations  were  made  of  both  topographical  and  geological  character,  it  was  ne  M'ssary 
for  the  board's  engineers  to  make  about  3,000  miles  of  line  surveys,  besides  the  very  extensive  toi>!:.-raphi- 
cal  surveys  of  the  reservoir  sites  and  the  final  locatiou  of  tlie  aqueduct.  For  determining  the  exact  iocatlon 
of  the  deep  valley  crossings,  geological  explorations  by  means  of  borings  into  the  rock,  with  dlanj;.ri<l  and 
shot  drills,  were  nece.ssary,  and  were  carried  ou  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  sltilled,  praotiruj  geol- 
ogists. Such  explorations  were  also  made  for  the  locations  of  the  dams  ond  for  other  features  of  Uc  work. 
In  the  aggregate,  these  borings  amounted  to  240,000  feet,  or  forty-five  miles.  Some  deep  and  diffl<'U!o  driU- 
tag  was  required  also  in  connection  with  the  location  of  the  city  tunnel  and  ita  shafts,  particular!:,  in  the 
lower  east  side  of  Manhattan  Island,  where  the  old  bed  of  the  East  River  was  crossed,  which  lies  v/o-'.  of  the 
present  location  of  that  river.  Hundreds  of  test  pits,  auger  borings,  wash-drill  borings  and  oti.'!-  lorms 
of  sub-siuface  explorations  were  used  in  various  parts  of  the  aqueduct.  The  extensive  and  usof;!  Infor- 
mation gained  in  this  way  was  of  great  aid  to  tlie  engineers  designing  the  works  and  to  the  contr.svujrs  la 
bidding  on  their  coivstruction. 

MAXIMUM    MONTHLY    CONSTRUCTION    PROGRESS. 

Grade  tunnel  excavation,  425  linear  feet;  pressure  tunnel  excavation,  530 J^  linear  feet;  shaft  tscavar 
tlon,  183  linear  feet;  concreting,  cut-and-cover  aqueduct,  1,740  linear  feet;  concreting  grade  tunnel,  2,453 
linear  feet;  concreting  pressure  tunnel.  2,834  linear  feet;  concreting  shaft,  310  linear  feet;  placing  iiiasonry 
tn  Kensico   dam,  Contract  No.  9,  84,450  cubic  yards. 

Laying  66-inch  steel  pipe,  week,  1,409  linear  feet;  laying  4S-iuch  cast  Iron  pipe,  week,  1,748  linear 
feet;  laying  36-inch  submerged  pipe,  week,  984  linear  feet. 

Cast  steel  dome  on  top  of  drainage  siiaft,  Hudson  tunnel,  46.25  tons:  bronze  section  valve,  city  tunne), 
66-iueh,  20.5  tons;  bronze  riser  valve,  city  tunne',  72-incli,  21,4  tons;  bronze  riser  valve,  city  tunnel,  48-Jncb, 
9.4  tons;  bronze  shaft  cap,  city  tunnel,  72-inch  li:>'  4S-inch  by  48-inch,  11.8  tons;  bronze  shaft  ciip,  city 
ttiDDcl,  48-lucli  by  30-inch  by  30-inch,  4.S  tons. 

ELE.VATIONS    ABOVE    TIDE    IN    NEW    YORK    HARBOR. 

Asliokan  reservoir,  east  basin,  587  feet;  .A^.sholcan  reser\-oir,  west  basin,  590  feet;  aaueducl  :<t  head- 
works  (flow  line),  511  feet;  Kensico  reservoir,  355  feet;  aqueduct  at  Kensico  lower  gate  chamber,  Z'iO  feet; 
watei'  level,  eastvlew  filters,  322  feet;  aqueduct  at  filter  effluent  (flow  line),  312  feet;  Hill  View  reservoir, 
295  feet;  Silver  Lake  reservoir,  228  feet. 

When  the  city  tunnel  is  in  service,  water  can  be  delivered  in  lower  ?.Ianhattan  at  an  elevation  260 
feet  above  tide  level  and  in  Brooklyn  about  240  feet  above  tide  level,  under  working  conditions. 

DISTANCES   FROM    ASHOKAN   RESERVOIR. 

To  Hudson  River  crossing,  45  miles;  to  Crotou  Lake,  64  miles;  to  Kensico  reservoir,. 76  mile-:  to  Hill 
View  reservoir  (New  York  City  Hue),  92  miles;  to  .Silver  Lake  reservoir,  119  miles. 

Earth  excavation  in  open  cut,  16,000,000  curjic  yards;  eiirth  excavation  In  tunnel,  50,000  cubic  yards; 
rock  excavation  in  open  cut,  1,000,000  cubic  yards;  rock  excavation  in  tunnel,  2,700,000  cubic  yards;  masonry 
In  open  cut,  4,200,000  cubic  yards;  ma.soiu-y  in  tunnel,  1,100,000  cubic  yards;  cement,  6,700.00fi  I>arrelB; 
ciist  iron,  27,000  tons;  steel,  32,000  tons;  bronze  and  brass,  3,000,000  potmds, 

CHRONOLOGY    OF    THE    WORK. 

Report  to  Manufactui'ers'  Association;  sources  west  of  Hudson  River,  considered  for  Brooklyrs  Match 
15,  1897;  Constitutional  amendment  passed  exempting  water  supply  bonds  from  debt  limit,  November 
8,  190^;  Board  of  Water  Supply  Commissioners  appointed  by  Mayor  McClellan,  June  9,  IGOo;  Cltlef 
Eilfineer  began  his  duties,  August  1,  1905;  plan  for  development  adopted  by  Board  of  Estimate  ond  Ap- 
pdtt!0nment,  October  27,  1905;  development  of  watersheds  of  Ksopus,  Rondoutand  Catskill  Creeks,  a;iproved 

•      -  ■■    —  ''    ■■"""    = '  -■■-"   — ' -^-'■"  of  Hudson  pressure  tunuiii,  begun 

'layor  McClellan,  near  fiarrison, 
ts  placed  for  aqueduct  sii  uctnre, 
near  PeeksklU,  April  28,  1908;  first  masonry  laid  for  OUve  Bri^lge  dam,  A.shokan  reservoir,  SeptcTiber  19, 
1908;  maximum  contractors'  forces,  17,243  men,  at  active  fieiJ  work,  August  23,  1911;  m.aximum  ooiiUactars' 
tarniiigs,  $2,214,000  for  month,  November,  1911;  iieadings  of  Hudson  pressure  tunnel  met,  and  holeiiig 
thfougli"  shot  fired  by  Mayor  Gaynor,  January  30,  1912;  storage '(JtWiter  in  Asholcan  reserv</r  begun, 
September  9,  1913;  last  heading  in  city  tunnel  between  Shafts  No.  S  and  9,  "holed  through"  bi'  Mayor 
Mitchel,  January  12,  1914;  began  filling  Kensico  reservoir  with  Catskill  water,  November  22,  191.5;  began 
filling  Hill  View  reservoir  with  CatskiU  water,  Novemljer  30,  1915;  first  delivery  of  Catskill  wutcr  into 
distribution  pipes  of  New  York  City,  December  27,  1915;  tratisfar- of  maiutenaure  of  Esopus  ^v^tershed 
and  operation  of  completed  reservoir  and  aqueduct  structures,  to  Department  of  V»':iter  Supply.  CJas  and 
Electricity,  August  1,  1917;  civic  celebration  of  introduction  of  Catskill  water  into  Xew  York  Cit>-,  October 
12.  13,  14,  1917. 

';/;  GIVING,  NEW  YORIC  CITY  FIRE  PROTECTION. 

:'j  High  Pressure  Fire  Service  System — The  higli  pressure  firc'  service  system  In  Manhattan  Is  bf:-,:;ir;«l  by 
Tliirtv-tourth  Street,  Madison  Avenue,  Tweuty-fourtii  Street.  Lexington  Avenue,  Fomreenth  Str;'  •'.  Third 
Aueniie,  Bowery,  Houston  Street,  E;ist  River,  B;ittery,  Norll)  River.  There  are  two  pumping  •  i.-iions — 
Gansevoort  and  West  Streets,  and  Oliver  and  ,S!outli  Streets.  Each  station  has  six  fl'^otricaliy  (ir'\  i^n  cen- 
trifugal pumps.  Either  fresh  or  salt  water  may  be  used.  Each  pump  can  deliver  3,000  gallons  :<.  inlnute. 
The  combined  capacity  of  the  two  st;atlons  Is  equal  to  about  fifty  fire  ensrinea.  The  distributing  sjEt'Tiii  con- 
sists of  128  miles  of  mains,  ci.ght  to  twenty-four  inches  in  diameter,  and  about  2,750  four-nozzlp  ].';i^r,ints. 
There  are  approximately  696  telephones  communicating  with  Fire  Department  he.'idquarters  i.*;d  with 
the  main  and  subsidiary  stations  of  the  New  I'ork  Edison  Company,  from  whiclt  the  necessary  ('ieelric 
power  is  obtained.    The  present  system  cost  aiiout  59,380,000. 

In  Brooklyn  there  are  two  high  pressure  fire  service  systems.  The  ons  for  the  business  and  ni;,.nu(ac- 
turing  districts  Is  bounded  by  the  Navy  Yard,  St.  Edward's  Street,  St.  Felix  Street,  Fort  Greene  P!ai *  Fifth 
Avenue,  Twentv-fourth  Street,  Fourth  Avenue,  Thirty-ninth  Street  and  the  water  front,  covering  ah  area 
of  4.8  square  miles.  The  supply  is  furnished  by  two  stations,  one  located  at  the  "foot  of  Joralemon  Street, 
and  the  reserve  at  Willoughby  and  St.  Edward's  Streets.  Both  draw  their 'supply  from  the  Ridj-juwood 
mains.  The  main  station  is  connected  to  the  East  River.  The  pimips  are  electrically  operated  in  both  sta- 
tions, and  have  a  combined  rated  capacity  of  24,000  gallons  per  minute.    The  distrlbvuing  systeni  oonsiste 

-of  about  forty-five  mils  of  mains,  eight  to  t\senty  inclics  in  diameter. 

•* ...  _Jha  Coney  Island  high  pressure  system  prot^ects  an  area  of  470  acres.  TBe  pumping  station  :k  locatol 
»t  wtjst  Twetrth  Street  and  Coney  Island  Creek.  The  total  capacltj^'is  4,500  gallons  per  mluate.  Tiu  water 
Is  distributed  through  six  miles  of  mnin.s. 


H84 


Plants  of  the  CatsMll  Aqueduct  Region. 


THE  WATER  SUPPLY  OF  NEW  YORK  CITY — Continued. 


STATISTICS  OF  ASHOKAN,  KENSICO  AND  SCHOHARIE  RESERVOIRS. 


Ashokan. 

Kensico. 

Schoharie. 

Caoacitv.  total 

132,000,000,000  gals. 
128,000,000.000  gals. 
12.8  sq.  m.=    8,180  A. 
23.8  sq.  m.  =  15,222  A. 
610  feet 
12  miles 
40  miles 
5 'A  milea 
4,650  feet 
1,000  feet 
240  feet 
190  feet 
23  feet 
3  milea 
1  mile 
190  feet 
50  feet 
7 

2,000 

32 

2.800 

11  miles 
64  miles 
40  miles 
10 
2.500.000  cu.  yds. 
7.300,000  cu.  yds. 
900.000  cu.  yds. 
1,200,000  barrels 
3,000 

38,000.000.000  gals. 
29,000.000.000  gals. 
3.5  sq.,m.  =  2.218  A. 
7.0  sq.  m.  =  4.500  A. 
370  feet 
4  miles 
30  miles 
3,300  feet 
1,825  feet 
1,825  feet 
307  feet 
235  feet 
28  feet 
3  milea 
1  mile 
155  leet 
52  feet 
1 

500 
None 
None 
None 
14.8  miles 
15.1  miles 
4 
1.400,000  cu.  yds. 
2,010.000  cu.  yds. 
965,000  cu.  yds. 
897.000  barrels 
1,500 

22.000.000.000  gals. 

20.000.000,000  gala. 

Water  surface 

1,170  A. 

3.70  sq.  m.  =  2,372  A.« 

Elevation  of  top  of  ortzn,  above  tide. . 

1,150  feet 
5  miles 

12  miles 

2.100  feet 

Mala  Dam — Total  limgth 

2.100  feet 

Length  of  masonry  portion 

Height  fmaxlmunii        ... 

1,600  leet  (a) 

Thickness  at  base  (maximum) 

Thickness  at  tOD  i^'iiLnlmum) 

165  feet 

Width  of  reservoir — :\Jaximum 

4-5  mile 
2-5  mUe 

Depth  of  reservoir- -Maximum 

Average            

150  feet 
58  feet 

Villaercs  submerged   

1 

Permanent  population  of  submei'sed 

area  at  beginning  of  work 

Cemetories  removed 

350 
3 

Bodies  relnterred 

935 

Railroads  relocated 

None 

Hiehwavs  discontinued . 

13  milea 

Hiehwavs  built 

13  miles 

Hlchwav  brldees  built 

2 

Earth  and  rock  excavation 

725,000  cu.  yds.  (6) 

Embankment 

681,000  cu.  yds.  (6) 

Masonrv 

319,000  cu.  yds.  (6) 

Cemen  t 

350.000  barrels  (ft) 

Maximum  number  of  men  emploj  od. 

*  Proceedings  just  begun,     (.a)  Earth.  500  feet.     (6)  For  dam  only,    .t  Construction  not  yet  begun. 


PLANTS     OF     THE     CATSKILL     AQUEDUCT     REGION. 

(By  Norman  Taylor,  for  a  Brooklyn  Botanic  Garden  Leaflet.) 

Fr.oii  near  sea-level  to  the  highest  mountains,  within  one  hundred  miles  of  the  city  stretches  the  Cab- 
skill  v.'ater  system,  and  this  diversity  of  elevation  suggests  at  once  a  division  of  the  plant  life  of  the  area 
into  the  mountain  and  lowland  types  of  vegetation.  This  may  not  be  such  an  artifleial  division  as  at  first 
sight  appeal's  when  it  is  remembered  that  many  of  our  local  wild  flowers  are  found  only  on  the  mountain  tops 
of  the  C'atskills  or  at  elevations  in  excess  of  1.500  feet.  Others,  again,  common  enough  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Hudson,  seem  to  creep  rather  sparingly  up  the  valley,  perhaps  as  far  as  the  Highlands,  only,  to  find  these 
hills  a  bp.rrier  to  a  more  northerly  journey. 

There  are  many  striking  illustrations  of  these  well  marked  tendencies  of  plant  distribution  In  the  re- 
gion. I'or  instance,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Croton  River  there  is  a  tree  of  the  yellow  pine  (Pinus  echinata), 
more  than  fifty  miles  north  of  its  usual  home,  near  the  pine  barrens  of  New  Jersey.  And  on  the  Palisades, 
opposite  Yonkers,  there  grew,  until  quite  recently,  large  masses  of  the  native  yew  (Taxus  canadensis), 
otherwise  at  home  in  the  highland  region  northw.t.rd.  Near  Peekskill  Bay  and  just  below  it  on  Verplanck 
Point  are  many  specimens  of  the  ulnebark  (Physocarpus  opulifollus).  which,  while  it  is  common  enough 
northward.  Is  rare  or  wanting  below  this  in  the  valley.  Near  Judge  Parker's  estate  at  Esopus  is  an  island, 
without  name,  upon  which  occur  the  most  southerly  specimens  of  the  arbor  vltae  (Thuja  occidentalis)  in 
the  anv;educt  region.  Near  Piermont,  just  below  Nyaek,  are  large  quantities  of  maish  fleabane  (Pluchea 
campliorata),  on  what  are  locally  called  the  "Flats."  This  plant  is  obviously  an  intruder  from  the  salt 
marshes  of  the  Long  Island  and  New  Jersey  coasts. 

Scores  more  of  these  exceptions  could  he  cited  to  prove  the  general  rule  that  the  flora  of  the  Catskill 
Aquedv'f:t  region  is  of  two  types.  It  Is  true  that  they  Intergrade  somewhat,  but  on  the  whole  the  Highlands 
seem  to  act  as  a  barrier  to  many  of  our  wild  plants,  particularly  to  the  mountain  species,  some  of  which  have 
never  been  knpwn  to  occur  In  the  valley  south  of  Storm  King  or  Anthony's  Nose.  It  is  through  the  former 
that  the  aqueOuct  takes  the  great  plunge  under  the  Hudson  to  the  east  bank  of  the  river. 

THE  MOUNTAIN  PLANTS. 

No  real  Alpine  conditions  are  found  in  the  Catskills,  the  highest  peak  being  scarcely  over  4.000  feet. 
But  there  are  many  peaks  that  are  over  2,000  feet,  and  toward  the  summit  of  these,  and  on  the  top  of  Slide 
Mountain,  there  occurs  a  group  of  plants  that  are  found  practically  nowhere  else  in  the  aqueduct  tract. 
Some  of  the  more  conspicuous  of  them  are: 

Braun's  Polystlchum  (Polystichum  Braunii),  a  strong  growing  fern,  growing  in  rocky  woods. 

B.ilsam  Fir  (Abies  balsamea)  the  tree  of  fragrant  memory,  common  enough  near  the  Iiead-watem  of 
Esopus  Creek,  unknown  in  the  lowlands. 

AVood  Reed  Grr.ss  (Clnna  latlfolia);  besides  the  Catskills  it  has  been  found  at  Pine  Plains.  Dutchess 
Count;.-. 

Several  species  of  sedge,  which  are  plants  with  the  general  aspect  of  grass,  notably  Carex  novae- 
angliae. 

Mountain  Ye'Iow-eyed  Grass  (Xyris  montana),  known  only  from  the  highest  regions  of  the  Catskilla, 
in  our  area. 

Mountain  Strawberry  (Fragaria  Canadensis),  and  its  relative  Fragaria  terra-novae,  both  isolated  on 
the  hiRliest  peaks  in  the  watershed  of  the  Ashokan  Resei-voir. 

Mountain  Ash  (Pyrus  sitchensls).  differing  from  the  common  mountain  ash  in  its  short-pointed  leaves. 
The  latter  is  common  in  many  places  in  the  valley,  but  P.  sitchensis  Is  found  only  at  the  highest  elevations. 

Violet  (Viola  Selkirkii),  known  in  the  Catskill  region,  only  from  near  mountain  summits,  and  usually 
only  above  2,500  feet  where  another  species,  peculiar  to  high  elevations.  Viola  renifolla.  is  also  found. 

Onc-ftowered  Wiatergreen  (Monescs  uniflora).  with  small  white  flowers  in  June.  Found  in  the  Adl- 
roudacUs  and  nearly  to  the  Arctic  Circle,  but  reaching  nearest  to  New  York  City  In  the  Catskills. 

C.i.nadian  Blueberry  (Vaccinium  Canadense).  a  low  bush  not  over  eighteen  inches  tall,  with  leaves 
bright  green  on  both  sides,  and  nearly  evergreen. 


Plants  of  the  CatskiU  Aqueduct  Region — Contim(,ed.  885 

Adoxa  (Adoxa  MoschatelUna).  remarkable  because  It  Is  found  In  New  York  State  only  near  ArkvlDe, 
Delaware  County,  on  mountains  that  drain  into  tlie  upper  portion  ol  Ashokan  Reservoir. 

Large-leaved  Golden  Rod  (Solidago  macrophylla,),  rcaeliing  its  most  southerly  distribution  point  on 
the  highest  peaks  of  the  Catskllls,  and  found  far  northward  In  the  Hudson  Bay  region. 

At  somewhat  lower  elevations,  in  fact  nearly  throughout  the  Catskllls  and  In  the  higher  elevations  of 
the  Hudson  Highlands,  are  many  other  species  that  are  rare  or  wanting  along  the  lower  stretches  ol  the 
IJudson  nearer  sea-level.    Among  the  mast  beautiful  of  tlicso  are: 

Clintonia  (Cllntonia  borealis),  with  yellow  (lowers  and  glossy  basal  leaves. 

Green  Orchis  (Habenaria  hyperborea),  Willi  spurred,  irregular,  greenish-white  flowers. 

Showy-fringed  Orchid  (Habenaria  grandillora),  witli  very  striking  purple-fringed  flowers  in  Jiilv. 

White  Adders-Mouth  (Microstyles  monopliyllos),  a  small  orchid  wltli  whitish  flowers. 

Coral-root  (Corallorhiza  trlflda),  a  slender  saprophytic  orchid  with  whitish  stems  and  Howers,  l)ut  no 
leaves. 

Northern  Stltchwort  (Stellaria  borealis),  a  wliito-floworcd  chlckwoed-iike  herb  found  on  wet  rocks 
and  flowering  in  summer. 

Mountain  Sandwort  (Arenaria  groenlandica),  maldng  small  tufts  in  rocky  places.  Flowers  «l/ite,  in 
summer. 

Foam  Flower  (Tiarella  cordifolia),  with  beautiful  white  flowers  in  May  and  June,  so  plentiful  ss  to  sug- 
gest its  common  name.     Found  very  sparingly  below  I'eekskill,  if  at  all. 

Purple  or  White  Avens  (Geum  rivale),  with  not  very  numerous  flowers,  and  tassel-like,  silky  fruits. 

Barren  Strawberry  (Waldsteinia  fragarioiiles),  a  strav/berry-llke  plant  with  white  flowers.  ;iud  dry 
fruits.     Leaves  nearly  evergreen. 

Ginseng  (Panax  quinquetolium),  known  only  from  Haverstraw  Bay  northward.  Formerly  mucii  col- 
lected for  its  supposed  medicinal  qualities,  and  now  nearly  extinct  in  the  region. 

Labrador  Tea  (Ledum  groenlaiidicuin),  a  low  bog  sfinib  with  russet  foliage  and  white  flowers.  Isnown 
only  from  Dutchess  County  nortiuvard. 

Three-leaved  Solomon's  ,Seal  (Smilacina  trifolia),  very  rare  in  the  Hudson  Valley  in  Dutchess  County; 
unknown  south  of  it. 

Twisted-Stalk  (Strcptopus  amplexifolitis),  with  greenish-white  flowers  and  leaves  bluish  beneath. 
Known  only  from  the  Catskllls. 

Showy  Ladies'  Slipper  (Cypripcdium  reglnae),  the  finest  of  all  the  ladies'  Bllpners.  Flowers  white, 
variegated  with  crimson  stripes.    From  Dutchess  County  and  northward. 

Round-leaved  Orchis  (Habenaria  orbiculata),  has  two  large,  nearly  round  leaves,  flat  on  the  ground. 
They  are  silvery  beneath. 

Rattlesnake  Plantain  (Epipactis  tesselata),  a  small  orchid  with  variegated  leaves  and  whitish  flowers 
on  slender  spikes. 

Golden  Seal  (Hydrastis  canadensis),  now  known  only  from  near  West  Point  and  northward;  very  rare. 
Formerly  much  collected  for  its  medicinal  roots. 

Anemone  (Anemone  rlparla),  known  only  from  Dutchess  County  in  our  area. 

Hepatica  (Hepatica  acutiloba),  a  pointed-leaved  form  of  this  common  wild  flower  in  the  aciueduct 
region  only  from  the  C3atskills. 

Three-toothed  Cinquefoil  (Potentilla  trldentata),  a  white-flowered  herb  with  a  wo.ody  base,  tlie  leaf- 
lets toothed  at  the  end.    Found  only  from  Dutchess  County  and  the  Catskllls. 

Seneca  Snakeroot  (Polygala  Senega),  sometimes  called  mountain  flax.  Flowers  in  !ong,  slender  .spikes; 
white,  tinged  wltli  green. 

Giant  St.'  John's  Wort  (Hypericum  Ascyrou),  almost  a  shrub,  with  large  yellow  flowers.  Grows  in 
moist  places,  only  In  the  Catskllls  in  the  Hudson  Valley  region. 

Dwarf  Cornel  (Cornus  canadonse),  its  greenish-white  bloom,  suggestive  of  miniature  dogwood,  is 
borne  at  the  end  of  the  stems,  which  are  scarcely  over  four  indies  tall.  Known  now  only  from  the  High- 
lands northward. 

Ague-weed  (Gentiana  quinquefolia),  somewhat  like  the  common  fringed  gentian,  but  without  the 
fringe.  Rare  in  northern  Westchester  County,  and  incn'asing  northward  through  the  Highlands  to  the 
Catskllls. 

Bu^le-weed  (Lycopiis  mcmbranaceus) ,  with  the  aspect  ol  mint,  but  without  tlie  mint  odor.  Known 
only  froin  the  Catsklll  area. 

Sobble-bush  (Viburnu/n  alnifolium),  a  shrub  with  showy  white  flowers  and  red  fruits.  Common  north 
of  th6  Highlands  at  moderate  elevations  and  In  the  CatskiUs. 

Swamp  Laurel  (Kalmia  polifolia),  a  small  relative  ol  the  mountain  laurel  which  Is  scattered  all  along 
the  virater  system.  K.  polifolia  is  a  bog  shrub  with  two-edged  twigs  and  kilown  only  from  Dutchess  County 
northward.  ,        .     ,.  - 

Wild  Rosemary  (Andromeda  glaucophylla) ,  a  low  l>og  shrub  with  white  drooping  iJowers  and  whitlsli 
foliage,  known  In  the  region  only  fiom  Orange  and  Putnam  Counties  norlltward. 

Van  Brunt's  Jacob's-Ladder  (Polemonlum  Van  Bruntiac),  a  blue  showy  herb  found  in  the  Catskllls, ; 
but  scarcely  south  of  them  in  the  water  system.  ,         ,     ,      .      ^ 

Oswego  Tea  (Monarda  didyma),  commonly  cultivated  but  apparently  wild  only  In  the  Catskllls,  so 
far  as  our  region  Is  concerned.    Flower  scarlet  and  showy. 

Twin-flower  (Liunaea  borealis),  a  low-carpeting  plant  with  twin-flowers.  Hare  or  wanting  now  south 
of  the  Highlands,  although  there  are  old  records  of  it  from  Long  and  Staten  Islands. 

Wood  Valerian  (Valeriana  uliglnosa),  a  pink  or  white  flowered  herb  known  only  from  the  norilicrn  end 
of  the  Highlands  northward.  ,    ,    ,  ^     ,    ,_ 

Scores  more  of  these  northern  species  of  plants  could  be  cited,  but  sjiacc  forbids  more  support  of  the 
eeneral  thesis  that  the  CatskiU  water  system  cuts  through  two  distinct  floral  regions.  Many  trees,  such  as 
the  spruce,  larch,  and  bur  oak,  and  a  considerable  number  of  shrubs  follow  the  same  general  distributional 
tendency  as  the  herbs,  their  occurrence  south  of  Peekskill  being  verj-  rare  or  unknown  The  lew  exceptions 
mentioned  earlier  only  serve  to  prove  the  rule. 

THE  LOWLAND  PLANTS. 

Of  the  2,038  native  flowering  plants  found  wild  within  one  hundred  miles  ot  the  city,  about  1,600  arc 
found  in  the  Hudson  Valley  and  CatskiU  regions.  ,       ,  ^       ,         , 

Deducting  those  that  we  have  seen  to  be  of  northern  toudenciea,  there  remain  a  large  number  of  species 
that  make  up  the  great  bulk  of  vegetation  of  tliese  regions.  These  generaUy  distributed  plants  are  too 
numerous  to  mention  here.  Wherever  the  vegetation  has  been  undisturbed,  as  through  the  Highlands,  It 
is  still  a  forest  region  with  a  wealth  of  wild  flowers  and  ferns  and  shrubs  as  undergrowth.  In  spite  oi  the 
wealth  of  plants,  there  appears  to  b©  no  species  endemic  there,  1.  e.,  found  nowhere  else. 

As  illustrating  the  tendency  of  many  essentially  lowland  plants  not  to  grow  north  of  the  H.'ghianfie 
the  8weet-gum  (Liquldambar  Styraciflua),  sour  gum  (Nyssa  sylvatica),  and  tulip  tree  (Llrlodendron  tuUf^ 
Jfera),  are  interesting.  AH  are  common  near  the  city  and  south  of  it.  The  flr.st  has  never  been  recorded  north 
of  Peekskill,  Nyssa  is  very  rare  north  of  the  Highlands,  while  the  Tulip  Tree  Is  unknown  as  a  wild  tree  Jn 

Perhaps' the  most  beautiful  of  all  the  shnibs  of  the  Catsklll  Aqueduct  system  is  the  mountain  laurel 
(Kalmia  latifolia)*  whose  white  or  pinkish  flowers  color  great  areas  In  the  Highlands  and  at  other  place*. 


886  The  Big  East  Riuer  Bridges. 

THE    BIG    EA,ST    RIVER    BRIDGES. 

(For  details  of  the  big  bridges  not  la  the  running  text,  see  table.) 
BROOKLYN  BRIDGE. 
The  tolls  are:  For  foot  passengers,  Iree;  railway  fare,  3  cents,  or  2  tickets  for  5  cents.  Roadway 
tolls  for  vehicles  abolished  July  18,  1911.  On  August  23,  1897,  the  bridge  railway  was  leased  to  the  elevated 
railroad  companies  (now  operated  by  the  Broolclyn  Rapid  Transit),  paying  therefor  10  cents  per  car; 
trolley  cars,  6  cents  per  round  trip.  About  250,000  people  cross  the  bridge  In  a  day.  Width  of  bridge, 
86  feet.  Length  of  each  land  span,  930  feet.  Length  of  Brooltlyn  approach,  998  feet.  Length  of  New 
York  approach,  1,562  feet  6  inches.  Size  of  Manhattan  caisson,  172  x  102  feet.  Size  of  Brooklyn  caisson, 
168  X  102  feet.  Timber  and  iron  In  caisson,  5,253  cubic  yards.  Concrete  in  well  holes,  chambers,  etc., 
5,669  cubic  feet.  Weight  of  Manhattan  caisson,  about  7,000  tons.  Weight  of  concrete  filling,  about  8,000 
tons.  Manhattan  tower  contains  46,945  cubic  yarda  masonry.  Brooklyn  tower  contains  38,214  cubic 
yards  masonry.  Depth  of  tower  foundation  below  high  water,  Brooklyn,  45  feet.  Depth  of  tower  fouada- 
tion  below  high  water,  Manhattan,  78  feet.  Size  of  Manhattan  tower  at  Ugh  water  line,  140  x  59  feet. 
Size  of  Manhattan  toww  at  roof  course,  136  x  53  feet.  Total  height  of  towers  above  high  water,  272  feet. 
Grade  of  roadway,  S}4  feet  In  100  feet.  Height  of  towers  above  roadway,  153  feet.  Size  of  anchorages 
at  base,  129  x  119  feet.  Size  of  anchorages  at  top,  117  x  104  feet.  Size  of  anchorages,  89  feet  front,  85 
feet  rear.  Weight  of  each  anchor  plate,  23  tons.  Number  of  cables,  4.  Diameter  of  each  cable,  15  5i 
inches.  Length  of  each  single  wire  in  cables,  3,578  feet  6  Inches.  Ultimate  strength  of  each  cable,  12,000 
tons.  Weight  of  wire,  11  feet  per  pound.  Each  cable  contains  5,296  parallel  (not  twisted)  galvanized 
steel,  oil-coated  wires,  closely  wrapped  to  a  solid  cylinder,  15?4  inches  in  diameter.  Permanent  weight 
suspended  from  cables,  13,820  tons.  * 

MANHATTAN     BRIDGE. 

Manhattan  terminal.  Bowery  and  Canal  St.;  Brooldyn  terminal,  Nassau,  near  Bridge  St.  Width  of 
bridge,  122  feet  6  inches.  Length  of  each  land  span,  725  feet.  Length  of  Manhattan  approach,  2,067 
feet.  Length  of  Brooklyn  approach,  1,868  feet.  Bridge  is  of  double-deck  design,  first  deck  has  one  35-foot 
roadway  In  centre  and  two  subway  traclts  on  each  side  and  one  11-foot  footwalk  on  each  side,  top  decK 
has  four  trolley  traclcs.  Approximately  40,000  cubic  yards  excavation  for  each  anchor  pier;  approximately 
115,000  cubic  yards  masonry  and  concrete  in  each  anchor  pier.  Height  of  cables  at  top  of  tower  above 
mean  high  water  mark,  322  feet  6  inches.  Height  of  roadway  at  centre  of  bridge  above  mean  high  water 
mark,  149  feet.  Grade  of  roadway  Syg  feet  In  100  feet.  Number  of  cables,  four,  37  strands  in  each  cable; 
256  wires  in  each  strand;  9,472  wires  in  each  cable;  37,888  wires  in  four  cables.  Size  of  wire,  0.192  inches 
in  diameter.  Size  of  cable  completed,  2134  Inches  in  diameter.  Length  of  each  wire,  3,223  feet  6  Indies 
(anchor  to  anchor).  Ultimate  strength  of  each  cable,  26,600  tons.  Weight  of  steel  In  cables  and  suspenders, 
7,800  tons.  Weight  of  steel  In  other  parts  main  bridge,  33,900  tons.  Weight  of  steel  in  approaches,  18,300 
tons.    East  footwalk  opened  to  pedestrians  July  18,  1910.    West  footwalk  opened  May  11,  1911. 

WILLIAMSBURG     BRIDGE. 

The  tower  foundations  for  the  bridge  in  Manhattan  are  at  the  foot  of  Delancey  Street,  and  In  Brooklya 
at  a  point  between  South  Fifth  and  South  Sixth  Streets.  The  bridge  ends  at  Clinton  Street  in  Manhattan, 
and  at  Havemeyer  Street  In  Brooklyn.  Construction  commenced  November  7,  1896.  Size  of  Manhattan 
caipsons  (2),  76  x  60  feet;  Brooklyn  caissons  (2),  79  x  63  feet.  Depth  of  tower  foundations  in  Manhattan, 
north  caisson  55  feet,  south  caisson  66  feet  below  mean  high  water;  in  Brooklyn,  north  caisson  107  feet  5 
inches,  south  caisson  91  feet  9  inches  below  mean  high  water.  Height  of  masonry  in  Manhattan  and 
Brooklyn  towers,  23  feet  above  mean  high  water.  Total  height  of  towers  above  mean  high  water,  332 
feet  9  inches.  Size  of  both  anchorages  at  top,  149  feet  x  127  feet  5  inches.  Length  of  each  side  span,  596 
feet  6  inches;  Manhattan  approach,  2,650  feet;  Brooklyn  approach,  1,865  feet.  Width  over  all,  118  feet. 
Two  roadways,  each  20  feet  wide,  two  footwalks,  each  17  feet  8  Inches  wide.  Height  of  roadways  at  towers, 
125  feet  8  Inches  above  mean  high  water.  Height  of  roadways  at  centre  of  bridge,  145  feet  6  inches  above 
mean  high  water.  Number  of  supporting  cables,  4.  Diameter  of  each  cable,  18^  inches.  Length  of 
each  single  wire  in  cables,  2,985  feet.  Total  length  of  wire  in  four  cables,  17,404  miles.  Weight  of  four 
cables,  including  suspenders,  4,900  tons.  Weight  of  structural  steel  and  iron  in  main  bridge,  26,300  tons; 
In  approaches,  16,600  tons;  total,  47,800  tons.  Surface  railway  for  Brooklyn  lines  began  operation  November 
3,  1904.  Surface  railway  for  Manhattan  lines  began  operation  February  9,  1905.  Elevated  railway  began 
operation  September  16,  1908. 

QUEENSBORO     BRIDGE. 

Plans  approved  by  the  War  Department,  February  23,  1901.  Main  bridge  is  a  continuous  cantilever. 
Bridge,  with  approaches,  extends  from  Second  Avenue,  between  59th  and  60th  Streets,  Manhattan,  to 
Crescent  Street,  Queens.  Construction  commenced  June,  1901.  Height  of  highest  masonry  piers,  124 
feet  above  mean  high  water.  Length  of  Manhattan  approach,  1,052  feet;  west  channel  span,  1,182  feet; 
island  span,  630  feet;  east  channel  span,  984  feet;  length  of  Queens  approach,  2,672  feet  6  inches.  Queens 
plaza  has  a  length  of  1,152  feet,  from  Crescent  Street  to  Jackson  Avenue.  Width  over  all,  89  feet  6  Inches. 
Width  of  roadway,  52  feet  3  Inches.  Two  sidewalks,  each  16  feet  wide.  Height  of  roadway  in  central 
portion  of  bridge,  143  feet  above  mean  high  water.  Height  of  footwalks  in  central  portion  of  bridge,  165 
feet  above  mean  high  water.  Height  of  lower  balconies  on  towers  on  Blackwell's  Island,  202  feet  6  inches 
above  mean  high  water.  Height  Of  upper  balconies  on  towers  on  Blackwell's  Island,  333  feet  above  mean 
high  water.  Weight  of  steel  and  iron  in  main  bridge,  52,600  tons;  In  approaches,  20,066  tons.  Total, 
72,666  tons.  Bridge  opened  for  pedestrians  and  vehicles,  March  30,  1909.  Surface  railway  began  opera- 
tion September  19,  1909. 

HELL     GATE     ARCH     BRIDGE. 

The  bridge  spans  the  East  River  at  Hell  Gate,  between  Ward's  Island  and  Astoria,  Long  Island.  De- 
signed and  built  by  Gustav  Llndenthal  for  the  New  York  Connecting  Railroad  to  connect  the  Pennsylvania 
and  New  York,  New  Haven  systems.  It  is  the  longest  arch  in  the  world.  The  upper  chord  of  the  arch 
is  300  feet  above  mean  high  water  at  the  centre  and  180  feet  at  the  ends  of  the  span;  the  lower  chord  ia 
260  feet  above  mean  high  water  at  the  centre  and  40  feet  at  the  ends.  The  arch  carries  four  railway  traclca 
(two  jpassenger  and  two  freight)  on  a  solid  concrete  deck.  It  is  the  heaviest  bridge  in  the  world,  weighing 
52.000  pounds  per  lineal  foot  and  carrying  a  loading  of  24,000  pounds  per  lineal  foot,  making  a  total  carry- 
ing capacity  of  76,000  pounds  per  lineal  foot.  The  steel  work  weighs  19,000  tons  and  the  flooring  and  track 
weigh  7,000  tons:  The  heaviest  single  member  weighs  185  tons  and  has  a  cross  section  of  1,384  square 
Inches.  The  width  of  the  bridge  is  93  feet  between  railings  and  60  feet  between  centres  of  trusses.  The 
Long  Island  tower  is  104  x  140  feet  at  the  base  and  is  founded  on  rock  in  open  cut  at  20  feet  depth.  The 
Ward's  Island  tower  is  119  x  140  feet  at  the  base  and  rests  on  21  pneumatic  concrete  caissons,  founded  on 
rock  varying  from  58  to  120  feet  below  the  ground  surface.  Height  of  towers,  240  feet.  Total  concrete 
la  towers,  110,000  cubic  yards.  Total  concrete  in  bridge  towers  and  approaches,  500,000  cubic  yards. 
Construction  of  arch  commenced  November,  1914.  Arch  was  erected  by  cantilevering  out  from  the  towers, 
each  half  be^ng  held  by  connection  to  temporary  backstays  built  behind  the  towers.  The  two  halves  were 
joined  October  1,  1915.    Entire  steel  work  completed  January,  1916. 


Registers  of  New  York  County— 1812-1918. 


887 


HOW    MANY    PERSONS    CROSS    THE    EAST    RIVER    BRIDGES    IN    A   DAY. 

(The  figures,  taken  by  the  City,  cover  traffic  in  both  directions  lor  24  hours,  Thvirsday,  October  25,  1917.) 


Elevated  and  subway  cars 

Surface  cars 

Vehicles 

Klevated  and  subway  passengers 

Surface  car  passengers 

Vehicle  passengers 

Pedestrians 

Total  people  crossing  bridges 

Percentage  of  change  from  1916 

Percentage  of  total  East  River  bridge  traffic 


Brooklyn      Manhattan    Wmsburgh    Qaeensboro  Total,  AU 
Bridge.  Bridge.  Bridge.  Bridge.       4  Bridges. 


4,458 

6,421 

5,060 

118,022 

114,742 

8,767 

5,303 

246,834 

+   9.0 

25.7 


3.054 

1,402 

14,359 

158,876 

41,192 

28.265 

1.0S4 

229,417 

+  28.3 

23.9 


3,545 

7,653 

10,277 

216,396 

152,683 

19,211 

1,799 

390,089 

+   6.6 

40.6 


1,032 

2,113 

13,431 

28.540 

35,427 

28,870 

1.060 

93.897 

+  18.1 

9.8 


12,089 

17,589 

43,127 

521,834 

344,044 

85,113 

0,246 

960,237 

+  12.9 

100.0 


The  totals  of  the  coimt  taken  on  Thursday,  December  7,  1916,  were:  Elevated  and  subway  cars. 
10,820;  sui-face  cars,  20,412;  vehicles,  35,034;  elevated  and  subway  passengers,  432,666;  surface  car  pas- 
eengera,  339,898;  vehicle  passengers,  66,897;  pedestrians,  10,993;  total  people  crossing  the  bridges,  850,454; 
per  cent,  of  increase  over  1915,  +5.8, 

Elevated  trains  began  operation  over  Queensboro  Bridge  on  July  23,  1917.  Subway  trains  began 
on  Manhattan  Bridge  on  September  4,  1917. 

TRAFFIC   ON   OTHER   CITY   BRIDGES. 


BOROCGH. 

Bridge. 

Surface 
Cars. 

Vehicles. 

Car 
Passengers. 

Vehicle 
Passengers. 

Pedes- 
trians. 

Total 
Persons 
Crossing. 

Brooklyn 

Queens 

\1  anhatt  an 

Hamilton  Avenue.  .  .  . 

Vernon  Avenue 

Ship  Canal    

789 
462 

3,073 
451 
583 
627 
020 

1.073 
516 
455 

11,964 
6,141 
4,388 
9,166 
6,776 
6,603 
0,618 
2,703 
7.579 
4.577 

25.461 
9,715 
25,732 
13,676 
18.193 
13,948 
13,984 
15,850 
7,776 
12,608 

16.789 

9,734 
10,038 
15,945 

8,999 
15.135 
11,282 

5,564 
14.583 

6,355 

14,388 
18,148 
1,332 
6,373 
6,340 
2,799 
4,719 
3,525 
3,012 
6,161 

56,638 
37,697 
37,102 

Bronx 

BrookljTi 

WlUls  Avenue. 

Washington  Avenue. . . 
145th  Street 

35,994 
33,532 
31,882 

Queens 

Bronx 

Manhattan . . . 
Brooklyn 

Metropolitan  Avenue.. 
Washington  Avenue.. . 

Madison  Avenue 

Third  Avenue 

29,985 
25,939 
26,371 
25,127 

Total  passengers  on  other  bridges- 
Third  Avenue,  Manhattan,  21,124.    • 


-Ninth  Street,  Brooklyn,  24,765:  Flushing  Avenue,  Queens,  24,392; 


LENGTH,    COST,    HEIGHT,    ETC..  OF    NEW    YORiC    CITY'S    BIC    BRIDGES. 

(By  the  Department  of  Pl.ants  and  Structures  for  the  municipal  spans;  and  for  the  Hell  Gate  Bridge  of 
the  New  York  Connecting  RaUroad.  by  its  designer,  Gustav  LIndenthal.) 


Bhidgk. 


Brooklyn.. . ..... 

Manhattan 

WUllamisburgh . . . 

Queensboro 

HeU  Gate  (N.  H. 

R.  R.) 

Willis  Avenue.. . . 
Third  Avenue. . . . 
Madison  Avenue. . 

145th  Street 

Macombs  Dam. . . 

Washington 

University  H'ghts 
B'klyn  &  Queens'. 

Vernon  Ave. . . . 


Length 

With 

Appr'ch 


Feet. 
6,016 
6,855 
7.308 

7,449 

18.000 
3,212.5 
2,228 
1,892 
1,603 
2,540 
2,375 
1,582 

1,699 


Length 

of 
Sp.an. 


Feet. 

1,695.5 
1,470 
1,600 
1,182 

1,017 

304 

300 

300 

300 

408.5 

608.8 

264.5 

172 


Height 
Above 
Water . 


Feet. 
133 
136 
135 
135 

135 

25.1 

25.8 

25 

25.2 

29.2 

133.5 

25 


Begun. 


1870,  Jan. 
1901,  Oct. 
1896,  Nov. 
1901,  July. 


1912, 
1897, 
1893, 
1907, 
1899, 
1892, 
1886, 
1903, 


July 
Oct.. 
Oct.. 
Oct.. 
Aug.  , 
AprU. 
July. , 
Nov... 


24  1901.  Dee..  .  .  1905,  Oct.   17 


Opened.  . 


1883,  May  24 

1909,  Dec.  31 
1903,  Dec.  19 
1S09,  Mar.  30 

1917,  Mar.^  1 
1901,  Aug,  22 
1898,  Aug.,  1 

1910,  July  18 
1905,  Aug.  24 
1895,  May  1 
1888,  Dec...;. 
1908,  Jan.     8 


Cost  of 
Con- 
struction . 


Dollars. 
17,909.412 
16,698,189 
15*091,497 
12,872,364 

12,000,000 

.l!,640,623 

■,1,783,412 

..l-,608,476 

1,735,134 

1,361,642 

2,851,684 

«S6.854 

:   715,118 


Cost  of 

Total 

Land. 

Cost. 

Dollars. 

Dollars. 

7,185,165 

25,094.577 

14,386,516 

31.084,705 

9.096,593 

24.188,090 

4,719,398 

17,591.762 

3,000,000 

16,000,000 

803,988 

2,444,51 1 

2,213,664 

3,997,076 

633,647 

■  2,140,023 

1,007,738 

2,742,872 

407,517 

1,769,159 

37,902 

2,889,585 

195^27 

1,182,782 

620,863 

1,335,982 

Total  cost  of  all  the  bridges. .  90.86^.379  44,873.9751135,738,354 

Al!  except  the  HeU  Gate  are  municipal-owned  bridges. 


REGISTERS    OF    NEW    YORK    COUNTY-181 2-1 918. 

Elbert  Herring,  May  1.  1812,  to  April,  1815;  William  T.  Slocum,  May  1,  1815,  to  December,  1817; 
James  Gilbert,  January,  1818,  to  December.  1820;  James  W.  Lent,  January,  18^1,  to  December,  1828; 
Thomas  Franklin,  May,  1829,  to  Februarj-,  1830:  Jameson  Cox,  December,  1830;  Gilbert  Coutant,  1831, 
to  December,  1833;  WllUam  H.  Bunn,  1834-1836;  James  Gulick,  1837-1839:  J.  Sherman  BrowneU,  1840- 
1845;  Samuel  Osgood,  1846-1848;  Cornelius  V.  Andei-son,  1849-1851;  Garret  Dyckman,  1852-1854;  Peter 
Asten,  part  of  1854;  John  J.  Doane,  1855-1857;  WlUiam  Miner,  1S58-1860;  John  ICeyser,  1861-1863;  John 


1889;  Frank  T.  Fitzgerald,  1890-1892;  Ferdinand  Levy,  1893-1895;  William  Sohmer,  1896-1897;  Isaac 
Fronune,  1898-1901;  John  H.  J.  Ronner.  1902-1905;  Frank  Gass,  1906-1909;  Max  S.  Grifenhagen,  1010- 
1913;  John  J.  Hopper,  1914-1917;  James  A.  Donegan,  1918^.  ,.,.  ^  ^  ,     ,„,„     ~» 

The  Registers  office  of  New  York  County  is  the  oldest  in  the  Stat«.  It  was  established  In  1812.  The 
county  covered  then  the  same  territory  as  now.  The  date  of  the  earliest  realty  property  record  in  the 
Office  18  1654 — a  Dutch  deed.  The  realty  records  before  1812  were  kept  by  the  County  Clerk.  The  block- 
Bystem  of  indexing  was  established  in  1891.     In  1906  1  he  Registers  office  moved  into  the  new  Hall  of  Records. 


888 


Civil  Service  Rules  in  the  City  of  New  York. 


CIVIL    SERVICE    RULES    IN    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    YORK. 

STMOPSis  ol  regulations  governing  the  admission  of  persons  into  the  Civil  Service  of  the  City  of  New 
York.  Information  may  also  he  had  by  applying  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Municipal  Civil  Service  Com- 
mission,  Municipal  Building,   14th  floor. 

Under  the  White  Civil  Service  Law,  Chapter  370,  Laws  of  1899,  April  19,  the  rules  apply  to  all  positions 
tn  the  service  of  the  City  of  New  York  except  officers  elected  by  the  people,  all  legislative  officers  and  em- 
ployis,  heads  of  any  department,  or  superintendents,  principals,  or  teachers  in  a  public  school,  academy, 
or  college.  This  requires  "examinations,  wherever  practicable,  to  ascertain  the  fitness  of  applicants  for 
appointment  to  the  Civil  Service  of  said  city."  The  Constitution  requires  that  these  examinations  shall 
be  competitive,  "so  far  as  practicable." 


The  entire  Administration  of  the  City  of  New 
York  is  divided  into  two  general  services,  namely: 
The  Unclassified  Service  and  the  Classified  Service. 
The  Unclassified  Service  includes  all  elective  ofllcers; 
the  officers  and  employes  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen; 
members  of  the  Board  of  Elections;  the  head,  or 
beads,  of  any  department  of  the  City  Government; 
or  any  person  appointed  by  name  in  any  statute. 

The  Classified  Service  includes  all  positions  not 
in  the  Unclassified  Service. 

The  Classified  Service  is  divided  into  four  classes, 
namely : 

Exempt  Class — The  Exempt  Class  includes  the 
deputies  of  principal  executive  ofBcers  authorized 
by  law  to  act  generally  for  and  in  place  of  their 
principals;  one  secretary  of  each  officer,  board,  and 
commission  authorized  by  law  to  appoint  a  secre- 
tary; one  clerk  and  one  deputy  clerk,  if  authorized 
by  law,  of  each  court,  and  one  clerk  of  each  elective 
judicial  officer.  In  addition  thereto  there  may  be 
included  in  the  Exempt  Class  all  other  subordinate 
offices  for  the  filling  of  which  competitive  or  non- 
competitive examination  may  be  found  to  be  not 
practicable. 

NoN-CoMPETiTi\'E  CLASS — Includes  all  tliose  po- 
sitions of  a  minor  nature.  In  the  city  institutions  c 
elsewhere,  that  it  is  not  practicable  to  fill  througii 
competitive  examination. 

Labor  Class — Includes  all  unskilled  laborers 
and  such  skilled  laborers  as  are  not  Included  in 
the  competitive  or  non-competitive  classes. 

CoMPETiTiVB  Class — Includes  all  positions  in 
the  Classified  Service  (excepting  those  in  the 
Exempt,  Non-Competitive  or  the  Labor  Class) 
for  which  It  Is  practicable  to  determine  the  merit 
and  fitness  of  the  applicant  by  competitive  exami- 
oation. 

Vacancies  in  the  Exempt  Class  may  be  filled  with- 
out examination,  appointments  being  made  by  the 
Mayor  or  other  official  having  jurisdiction  over  the 
department  where  the  vacancy  exists. 

Positions  In  the  Non-Competitive  Class  are 
ailed  as  a  result  of  the  examinations  held  by  the 
flepartment  where  the  person  is  to  be  employed. 

Filing  Applications  for  Positions  in  Com- 
petitive Class — Applications  for  positions  in  the 
Competitive  Class  will  be  issued  and  received  only 
lor  the  position  or  positions  advertised,  and  only 
fluting  the  period  specified  by  the  commission  in 
such  advertisement.  Advertisements  for  the  various 
examinations  appear  in  the  prominent  daily  papers 
and  in  the  City  Record.  The  CUy  Record  is  on  file  in 
the  reading  room  of  any  of  the  city  libraries. 

All  applications  for  an  examination  must  be  on 
a  prescribed  form  addressed  to  the  "Secretary  of 
the  Municipal  Civil  Service  Commission."  When 
an  examination  is  advertised  application  blanks 
mav  be  obtained  at  the  office  of  the  commission. 
Room  1400. 

Application  blanks  will  be  mailed  upon  request 
provided  a  self-addressed  stamped  envelope  or 
sufficient  postage  is  enclosed  to  cover  the  mailing. 
The   commission   will   not   guarantee   the   delivery 


of  the  same.  Postage  on  applications  forwarded 
by  mall  must  be  fully  prepaid. 

Applicants  must  be  citizens  of  the  United 
States  and  residents  of  the  State  of  New  York. 
The  requirement  as  to  residence  may  be  waived  by 
the  commission,  but  only  with  the  proviso  that  ap- 
plicants become  residents  of  the  State  of  New  York 
prior  to  the  date  of  their  appointment. 

Applicants  for  patrolmen  must  have  residefl 
within  the  State  of  New  York  at  least  one  ( 1 )  year 
prior  to  the  date  of  appointment. 

The  prescribed  application  form  filled  out  in  the 
applicant's  handwriting  sets  forth  the  following; 

The  applicant's  name,  age,  residence,  statement 
regarding  citizenship  or  naturalization,  statement 
regarding  arrests  or  previous  service  in  a  City 
Department,  if  any,  and  also  the  certificate  for 
cltizeos  whose  residences  or  places  of  business  are 
within  the  City  of  New  York. 

In  examinations  for  positions  requiring  previous 
experience,  applicants  must  fill  In  and  file  with  their 
application  an  experience  paper.  In  some  examina- 
tions where  experience  is  a  qualifying  subject, 
applicants  receiving  less  than  the  minimum  passing 
mark  in  this  paper  are  barred  from  the  remainder 
of  the  examination. 

Applications  for  positions  In  the  Labor  Class 
are  issued  and  received  continually. 

Applicants  for  all  positions  in  the  Competitive 
and  the  Labor  Classes  are  required  to  take  a  medical 
and  physical  examination. 

Applicants  for  Labor  Class  positions  that  require 
previous  training  or  experience  must  take  an  oral 
or  practical  test;  no  written  examination  is  given 
to  applicants. 

CONDUCT  OP  EXAMINATIONS. 

Applicants  shall  be  admitted  to  examination 
upon  the  productloh  of  the  official  notification  to 
appear  for  that  purpose. 

All  paper  upon  which  examinations  are  to  be 
written  shall  be  furnished  to  the  applicants  by  the 
examining  board  and  shall  bear  some  suitable 
official  Indorsement,  stamp,  or  mark,  for  the  purpose 
of  identifying  the  same. 

All  examinations  shall  be  in  writing,  except  such 
as  refer  to  expertness  or  physical  qualities,  and 
except  as  herein  otherwise  provided. 

The  sheets  of  questions  shall  be  numbered  and 
shall  be  given  out  in  the  order  of  their  numbers, 
each,  after  the  first,  being  given  only  when  the 
competitor  has  returned  to  the  examiners  the  last 
sheet  given  to  him.  In  general,  no  examination 
shall  extend  beyond  five  hours  without  intermission: 
and  no  questions  given  out  at  any  session,  to  any 
candidate,  shall  be  allowed  to  be  answered  at 
SiDothcr  sossioH. 

Each  examiner  shall  exercise  all  due  diligence  to 
secure  fairness  and  prevent  all  collusion  and  fraud 
in  the  examinations. 

The  time  allowed  for  completing  the  examlnatloa 
shall  be  announced  before  the  first  paper  is  given 
out. 


The  following  municipal  departments  and  offices  come  under  jurisdiction  of  Civil  Service  rules 


Accounts,  Com.  of. 

Armory,  Board  of. 

Art  Commission. 

Assessors,  Board  of 

Bellevue  and  AUied  Hos- 
pitals. 

Bijard  of  Ambulance  Ser 
vice. 

Board  of  Inebriety. 

Board  of  Water  Supply. 

Borough  President  in  each 
Borough,  Office  of  the. 

Buildings,  Bureau  of. 

Central    Purchase    Com- 

Charities',  Dept.  of  Public 


Child  Welfare,  Board  of 
City  Chamberlain.   *' 
City    Record,    Supervisor 

of  the. 
Civil  Service  Commission. 
College    of    the    City    of 

New  York. 
Coroners. 

Correction,  Dept.  Of. 
Court,  City. 
Court,  City  Magistrate. 
Court  House  Board. 
Coui^,  Municipal. 
Court  of  Special  Sessions. 
Docks  and  Ferries,  Deipt.of . 


Elections,  Board  of 

Estimate  and  Apportion- 
ment, Board  of. 

Finance  Dept. 

Fire  Dept. 

Health  Dept. 

Hunter  College. 

Law  Dept. 

Licenses,  Dept.  of. 

Mayor's  Office. 

Normal  College. 

Parks,  Dept.  of. 

Parole  Commission 

Personal  Service,  Bureau 
of. 

Plant  and  Structures. 


..-.™,  „w,,v.  — Education,  Dept.  of. - 

Inspectors  ot  Elections  and  Poll  Clerks  are  not  subject  to  competitive  examination. 

The  minimum  height  of  firemen  has  been  reduced  one  inch,  from  5  ft.  7  in.  to  5  ft.  6  in. 


Plumbers,    Exa,mining, 

Board  of. 
Police  Dept. 
Public  Works  Bureau. 
Revision  of  Assessments, 

Board  of. 
Sinking  Fund  Commission. 
Standards    and    Appeals, 

Board  of. 
Street  Cleaning,  Dept.  of. 
Taxes     and     Assessm'ts. 

Dept.  of. 
Tenement  House  Dept. 
Water  Supply,   Gas,   and 

Electricity,  Dept.  of. 
Weights  and  Measures. 


Parks  in  Manhaitan  and  Bronx.  8^9 


PARKS  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX. 

THE  total  area  ot  improved  parks  in  ManliattaH  is  1,27.'}  acres;  unimproved  parks,  209  acres;  play- 
grounds, 5,acres;  parkways,  streets,  etc.,  under  jurisilictiou  of  Department  of  Parke,  40,929  Jeet  lonjr,  vvldtb 
varj'lng  trom  90  to  108  feet. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  tbe  larger  parks: 


Battery,  foot  of  Broadway.     21  acres. 

Bryant,  6tli  Ave.  and  W.  42d  St.     i%  acres. 

Cai'l  Schurz,  between  A\'enue  B  and  East  River, 

E.  84tli  St.  to  E.  89tU  St.     12  3i  acres. 
(Jentral.  843  acres  (see-below). 
Chelsea,  27th  St.  and  9th  Ave     3  acres. 
City  Hall  Pai'k,  Broadway,  Park  Row,  and  Cham- 
bers St.     8  acres. 
Colonial,    145th   to    155th    St..    Bradhurst   Ave.    to 

Edgecombe  Ave.     12  Ji  acres. 
Columbus,  Mulberry  and  Bayard  Sts.     2H  acres. 
Corlears  Hook  Park,  Corlears  and  South  Sts.  8  acres. 
De  Witt  Clinton,  52d  to  54th  St.,  North  Kiver.     7 

acres. 
Fort  Washington,   Ft.    Washington   Point,   Hudson 

BJver.     40  2-3  acres. 
Hamilton    Fish    Park,    Houston    and    WiUett    Sts. 

3'A  acres. 
Highbiidge  Park,  155th  St.  to  Washington  Bridge, 

west  of  Driveway.     75  2-3  acres. 
iBham,  213th  St.  and  Broadway  to  Harlem  Ship 

Canal.    8  acres. 
John  Jay,  76th  to  78th  St.,  East  River.    3  acres. 
Kuyter  Park,  129th  St.  and  3d  Ave.    .298  acres. 
Madison  Square,  Broadway  and  23d  St.    65i  acres. 


Manhattan  Square,'  Central  Park  W.,  77th  to   81  et 

St.     17  >^  acres. 
Morningside,   between   Columbus   and   Amsterdam 

Aves.  and  W.  110th  and  W.  123d  Sts.     31k  acres. 
Mount  Morris,  between  Madison  and  Mt.  -Morris 

Aves.  and  120th  and  124th  Sts.     20  acrea. 
Park  Ave.,  34th  to  42d  St.;  66th  to  96th  St.     8  acres. 
Riverside  Drive  Extension,  135th  St.  to  158th  St. 
Riverside  Park,  between  Riverside  Drive  aad  the 

N.  Y.  C.  R.  K.  and  W.  72d  and  W.  129th  8ts. 

140  acres;  and  from  135th  St.  to  158th  St.  24  acres. 
St.  Gabriel's  Park,  1st  Ave.  and  35th  St.    3  acres. 
St.  Nicholas,  130th  to  Ulst  St.,  St.  Nicholas  Ave.  to 

St.  Nicholas  Terrace,  i9H  acres;  and  west  of  St. 

Nicholas  Terrace  and  the  extension  at  130t!i  and 

14lst  Sts.     TA  acres. 
Seward,  Canal  and  Jefferson  Sts.     3  acres. 
Straus,  106th  St.  and  Broadway. 
Stuyvesjaiit,  Rutherlurd  PI.  and  15.  16th  St.   4  acres. 
Thomas  Jefferson,  11 1th  St.,  1st  Ave.,  114th  .St.  and 

Harlem  River.     15H  acres. 
Torankins    Square,    Avenue   A    and    7th    St.     lOH 

acres. 
Union  Square,  Broadway  and  14th  St.     3^i  acres. 
Washington    Square.    5th    Ave.    and    Waverii;y    PI. 

8  acres. 


Of  the  parks  in  Manhattan  named  in  the  above  list.  Fort  Washington,  High  Bridge,  St- Nicholas' 
and  Isham  are  unimproved.  The  Harlem  River  Driveway  is  11,562  feet  long  and  lt)0  to  150 
feet  wide;  Morningside  Drive  is  3,538  feet  long  and  90  feet  wide;  Riverside  Drive  is  17,000  fwt  long 
and  90  to  168  feet  wide,  and  the  extension,  135th  to  168th  Street,  Is  6,560  feet  long. 

SOME  FACTS  ABOUT  CENTRAL  PARK. 

The  great  park  of  New  York  extends  from  59th  St.  to  110th  St.,  being  over  214  miles  long,  and  from 
5th  Ave.  to  8th  Ave.,  being  over  half  a  mile  wide.  It  covers  843  acres,  of  which  185  are  in  lakes  asKl  reser- 
voirs and  400  in  forest,  wherein  over  half  a  million  trees  and  shrubs  have  been  planted.  There  are  10J4 
miles  ot  roads,  5H  of  bridle  paths,  and  31  of  walks.  The  landscape  architects  of  the  Park  were  Friideriok 
Law  Olmsted  and  Calvert  Vaux.  Work  was  begun  on  the  Park  in  1857.  The  following  fanciful  names 
have  been  ofHcially  applied  to  the  several  entrances  to  the  Park:  5th  Ave.  and  69th  St.,  Scholar'-:  Gate; 
6th  Ave.  and  59th  St.,  Artist's  Gate;  7th  Ave.  and  59th  St.,  Artisan's  Gate;  8th  Ave.  and  59th  Sr,.,  Mer- 
chant's Gate;  8th  Ave.  and  72d  St.,  Woman's  Gate;  8th  Ave.  and  81st  St.,  Hunter's  Gate;  8th  Ave.  and 
8.5th  St.,  Mariner's  Gate:  8th  Ave.  and  96th  St.,  Gate  of  All  Saints;  8th  Ave.  and  100th  St.,  Boy's  Gate; 
8th  Ave.  and  110th  St.,  Stranger's  Gate:  5th  Ave.  and  67th  St.,  Student's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  72d  St.,  Chil- 
dren's Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  79th  St.,  Miner's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  90th  St.,  Engineer's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and 
96th  St.,  Woodman's  Gate;  5th  Ave.  and  102d  St.,  Girl's  Gate;  6th  Ave.  and  110th  St.,  Pioneer  f  Gate; 
6th  .4ve.  and  110th  St.,  Farmer's  Gate;  7th  Ave.  and  110th  St.,  Warrior's  Gate. 

UNION    SQUARE    AND    OTHER    SQUARES. 

Union  Square  was  purchased  by  the  city  in  1833  for  8116,051;  Madison  Square,  in  1847,  for  ^'...•),<)52; 
Tompkins  Square,  in  1834,  for  893,358;  Wa.shiugtou  Square,  In  1827,  for  ?77,970,-and  ManhattflOJ  i^ijua/e, 
Id  1S39,  for  S54,057. 

PUBLIC   PLAYGROUNDS   IN   MANHATTAN. 

59th  to  60th  St.,  west  of  Amsterdam  Ave.;  180-184  Cherry  St.;  soutlt  aide  of  101st  St.,  between  2<S' 
and  3d  Aves.,  west  ot  Sutton  Place,  59th  to  60th  St.;  Carmansvllle  Playground,  between  151st  s.!)(3  162d 
Sts.,  Amsterdam  Ave.;  corner  Worth  and  Baxter  Sts.;  west  of  1st  Ave.,  oetween  67th  and  68th  St^:. 

BOWLING   GREEN   PARK. 

The  first  park  space  in  the  City  of  New  York  was  that  now  called  Bowling  Green  Park.  In  1"32  this 
plot  of  ground  was  leased  by  citizens  for  playing  tlie  game  of  bowls.  Theplot  was  originally  squure  and 
Ju  the  middle  there  was  erected,  in  1770,  a  lead  statue  of  George  IILMAfter  the  Declaration  ol  Independence 
the  statue  was  torn  down  by  a  mob  and  the  lead  used  for  making  Dullets  for  the  American  army.  In  1780 
Bowling  Green  was  first  laid  out  as  a  park.  At  that  time  it  was  the  centre  of  the  fashionable  ro'idential 
district. 

BATTERY   PARK. 

Open  water  existed  originally  where  the  Staten  Island  Perry  houses  now  stand,  and  the  site  c>«  the 
Aquarium  was  under  water  until  about  ISOO.  State  Street  was  not  laid  out  until  1789,  and  was  then  bouudefl 
by  the  Bay  on  one  side.  A  lodge  of  rockr.  streirlied  across  ^tanhattan  Island,  and  facing  these  rociiR  along 
the  edge  of  the  water  there  was  built  in  the  enrly  days  a  line  of  defensive  works  known  as  "The  BiitT.ery.'' 
These  works  extended  from  Whitehall  Street,  to  what  Is  now  Rector  Street,  and  cannon  were  motinteti 
behind  them.  About  1723  the  first  steps  were  taken  to  flU  in  to  the  present  water  line,  but  m.-in.v  years 
passed,  before  this  was  actually  accomplished. 

CITY   HALL   PARK. 

The  present  City  Hall  Park  constitutes  a  pait  of  what  was  known  in  the  latter  half  of  the  severiteentli 
century  as  '"The  Common  Lands,"  which  stretched  from  the  site  of  the  Post  Office  northward  toward  the 
Tombs,  and  from  the  Une  of  Broadway  across  what  is  now  Park  Row.  This  land  was  originally  used  for 
the  grazing  of  cattle  and,  at  its  northeasterly  end,  was  what  was  known  as  "Fresh  Water  Pond."  The 
land  originally  comprising  The  Commons  was  gradually  reduced  by  the  laying  out  of  streets  and  the  eon- 
stru<!tiou  of  buildings.  At  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War  improvements  were  begun  in  City  Hall 
Park.  The  erection  of  the  present  City  Hall  was  authorized  in  1803,  and  it  was  ready  for  occupancy  inl811. 
During  the  Civil  War  the  present  site  of  the  Post  OfBce  Building  was  occupied  by  sheds,  where  the  soldiers 
were  supplied  with  food.  After  the  war  it  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  Government  as  a  site  for  the 
Post    Office. 

THE   PARKS   IN   THE   BRONX. 

The  chief  parks  above  the  Harlem  are:  Bronx,  north  of  E.  182d  St.  and  White  Plains  Roafl;  719  1-3 
acres.  Claremont,  Belmont  St.,  Clay  Ave.  and  170th  St.;  38  acres.  Crotona,  Fulton,  3d,  and  Arthui' 
Aves.;  154  J'i  "acres.     Do  Voe,  Sedgwick  Ave,  .and  ]8Stb  St.;  5?-/ acres.     Echo;  4  acres.     Frana  Slgel,  Walton 


890 


Young  Men's  Hebrew  Association. 


PARKS  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX— Con^iraued. 


Ave.  and  158th  St.  and  Mott  Ave.;  17 H  acres.  Macomb's  Dam,  Jerome  Ave.  and  162d  St.;  27  acrea. 
Pelham  Bay,  on  Long  Island  Sound  and  East  Chester  Bay;  1,756  acres.  Poe;  2)4  acres.  St.  James,  Jerome 
Ave.,  Creston  Ave.  and  E.  191st  St.;  l\^A  acres.  St.  Mary's,  149th  St.,  St.  Ann's  and  Robblns  Aves.; 
ZiH  acres.  University;  2H  acres.'  Van  Cortlandt,  northern  boundary  of  city;  \,\Z2%  acres.  Washington 
Bridge,  Sedgwick  Ave.,  Harlem  River;  8M  acres. 

There  are  three  eighteen-hole  golf  courses,  embracing  in  all  about  250  acres.  Two  of  these  courses 
are  in  Van  Cortlandt  Park  and  one  in  Pelham  Bay  Park.  In  addition  to  the  ordinary  playgrounds  there 
is  a  one-quarter  mile  running  track,  twenty  feet  wide,  at  Macomb's  Dam  Park,  said  to  be  the  best  and 
fastest  public  track  in  America,  owing  to  the  condition  it  is  kept  in;  an  athletic  field  a*  Crotona  Park,  used 
by  the  school  children  of  Manhattan  principally,  containing  a  track  one-fifth  of  a  mile  In  length.  In  this 
athletic  field  is  a  stand  for  spectators  which  cost  the  city  340,000.  At  Pelham  Bay  Park  there  is  a  one- 
quarter  mile  track,  with  an  athlete's  lodge,  containing  lockers,  shower  baths,  etc.  There  are  forty  baseball 
diamonds  and  ninety  tennis  courts. 

Bronx  and  Pelham  Parkway  contains  232.42  acr^;  Crotona  Parkway,  12.30  acres:  Mosholu  Parkway, 
33.10  acres;  Spuyten  Duyvil  Parkway,  28.10  acres. 


PARKS    IN    BROOKLYN    AND    QUEENS. 

PARKS    IN    BROOKLYN. 

The  total  area  ot  parks  in  Brooklyn  is  1,036  acres;  playgrounds,  58%  acres;  parkways  and  streets  imder 
jurifldlction  of  Department  of  Parks,  551.84  acres;  combined  parks  and  playgrounds,  46  acres. 


Amersfort,  3H  acres,  Ave.  J  and  E.  3Hth  St 

Bedford,  4  acres,  Brooklyn  and  Kingston  Aves., 
Park  Pi.  and  Prospect  PI. 

Bensonhurst,  13  a-Qrea,  Bay  Parkway,  Gravesend 
Bay,  2l8t  St.  and  Cropsey  Ave. 

Brooklyn  Heights,  5  parks,  comprising  nearly  an 
acre,  Columbia  Heights,  fronting  on  Furman  St. 

Brooklyn  Botanic  Garden,  60  acres,  Eastern  Park- 
way, Washington  and  Fiatbush  Aves. 

Borough  Hall,  1%  acres,  Joraiemon,  Court  anc 
Fulton  Sts. 

Bushwick,  7  acres,  Knickerbocker  and  Irving  Aves., 
Starr  and  Suydam  Sts. 

Canarsie,  30  M  acres,  Skidraore,  Seavlew  and  Den- 
ton Aves.  and  Jamaica  Bay. 

Carroll,  2  acres.  President,  Court,  Carroll  and 
Smith  Hts. 

City,  7H  acres,  St.  Edward's  and  Navy  Sts..,  Park 
and  Flushing  Aves. 

Conej'  Island  Concourse  (exclusive  of  Seaside 
Park),  69 ?4  acres.  West  5th  St.,  Sea  Breeze  Ave.  and 

Cooper,  6  acres,  Maapeth  and  Morgan  Aves., 
Sharon  and  Olive  Sts. 

Dreamland,  \iH  acres.  Coney  Island. 

Dyker  Beach,  140  acres,  7th  Ave.  and  Bay  8th  St., 
Cropsev  and  14th  Aves.,  and  Gravesend  Bay. 

Fort  Greene,  29  acres,  De  Kalb  Ave.,  Washington 
Park,  Willoughby  St.,  St.  Edward's  St.  and  Myrtle 

Fort  Hamilton,  4H  acres,  4th  Ave.,  lOlst  St.,  Fort 
Hamilton  Ave.  and  Shore  Road. 

Fulton,  2  acres,  Ghauncey  and  Fulton  Sts.,  Stuy- 
vesant  Ave. 

Highland,  42  H  acres,  Jamaica  Ave.  and  TJ.  S.  Nat. 
Cemetery,  Borough  Line,  Reservoir  and  AVarwick  St. 
Extension. 

Irving  Sq.,  3  acres,  Hamburg  and  Knickerbocker 
Aves.,  Halsey  and  Weirfleld  Sts. 

Lincoln  Terrace,  IM  acres.  Eastern  Parkway, 
Buffalo  Ave.,  President  St.  and  Rochester  Ave. 

Linton,  2ji  acres,  Bradford  St.,  Blake,  Dumont 
and  Miller  Aves. 

McCan-en,  3&yi  acres.  Berry,  Lorimer,  Leonard, 
Bayard  and  12th  Sts. 

McKlnley,  8>i  acres,  Fort  Hamilton  and  7th  Aves. 
and  73d  St. 

McLaughlin,  Z\i  acres.  Bridge,  TlUary  and  Jay  Sts. 

Prospect,  526  acres.  Prospect  Park  West,  15th  St., 

PARKS  IN 


College  Point,  1%  acrea. 
Flushing,  1  acre. 
Forest,    Richmond    Hill, 
536  acres. 


Jacob  A.  Rlis,  262  \i  acres. 
Kings,      Jamaica,      11 H 

acres. 
Klssena  Lake,  Flushing, 

88  acres.. 


Coney  Island,  Parkside,  Ocean  and  Fiatbush  .\ve8. 
and  15th  St. 

Red  Hook,  f>M  acres,  Richards,  Dwight,  Verona 
and  Pioneer  Sts. 

Saratoga  Sq.,   3K    acres,   Saratoga  and   Howard 
Aves.,  Halsey  and  Macon  Sts.  , 

Seaside,   10 V^   acres.   Ocean   Parkway   Concourse, 
W.  5th  St.  and  Sea  Breeze  Ave. 

Sunset,  24 H  acres,  41st  to  •15th  St.,  5th  to  7th  Ave. 

Tompkins,  TH  acres,  Tompkins,  Greene,  Marcy 
and  Lafayette  Aves. 

Winthrop,    9   acres,    Nassau   and    Drlggs   Aves.. 
Monitor  and  Russell  Sts. 

Williamsburg  Bridge,  4  ]4  acres,  Bedford  and  Kent 
Aves. 

PARKWAYS. 

Bay  Parkway,  31  acres,  Ocean  Parkway  to  Ben- 
sonhurst Beach. 

Bay  Ridge  Parkway  (Shore  Drive),  41  acres,  Fort 
Hamilton  Ave.,  bet.  66th  and  67th  Sts.,  to  1st  Ave. 

Eastern    Parkway,    61    acres.    Prospect    Park    to 
Ralph  Ave. 

Eastern    Parkway    Extension,    18  \i    acres,    Ralph 
Ave.,  bet.  Union  St.  and  Lincoln  PI.  to  Bushwick  Ave. 

Fort  Hamilton  Parkway,  48  acres.  Ocean  Parkway 
to  Fort  Hamilton. 

Highland  boulevard,  9  acres,  Bushwick  Ave.  to 
Highland  Park. 

Ocean    Parkway,    140    acres.    Prospect    Park    to 
Coney  Island. 

Pennsylvania   Ave.,    19   acres,    .Jamaica   Ave,    to 
Jamaica  Bay. 

Rockaway  Parkway,  41  acres,  Buffalo  Ave.  and  E, 
New  York  Ave.  to  Canarsie  Beach. 

Shore  Road,  121  acres,  1st  Ave.  to  Fort  Hamilton. 

PLAYGROUNDS. 

Betsy  Head  Memorial,  W/i   acres,  Livonia,  Du- 
mont, Hopklnson  Ave.  and  Douglass  St. 

Bushwick,  2M  acres,  Putnam  Ave.,  bet.  Knicker- 
bocker and  Irving  Aves. 

McKlbbin,  lyi  acres,  Seigel,  White  and  McKib- 
bin  Sts. 

New   Lots,   2M    acres,    Sackman   St.,   RIverdale, 
Newport  and  Christopher  Aves. 

Parade  Ground,  39  H  acres,  Coney  Island,  Park- 
side  and  Caton  Aves. 

Red  Hook,  2J<  acres,  Richards,  Verona,  Dwight 
and  Pioneer  Sts. 
QUEENS. 
Leavett,    Flushing,    7J4 

acres. 
Linden,  Corona,  3  acres. 
Rainey,  L.  I.  City,  5  acres. 
Rockaway   Park    (beach 


frontage  and  streets), 

na  acres. 
Upland,     Jamaica, 

acres. 
Wayanda,  2  acres. 


5H 


YOUNG    MEN'S    HEBREW    ASSOCIATIONi 

(Lexington  Avenue  and  92d  Street,  New  York  City.) 
■  H.vs  its  field  among  the  Jewish  young  men  of  New  York  City,  and  Its  object,  the  moral,  mental,  ana 
physical  improvement  of  these  young  men.  The  statistics  of  the  last  fiscal  year  were:  Total  attendance, 
213,495;  reading  room,  45,505;  society  meetings,  16,034;  evening  school,  3,398'  gymnasium  and  swimming, 
47,008:  religious  exercises,  9,630.  Employment  was  obtained  for  1,312,  and  24,447  attended  lectures  and 
entertainments.  Officers:  President — Hon.  Irving  Lehman.  First  Vice-President — Louis  I.  Haber. 
Second  Vice-PTestdenr—Wa\ia.m  Prager.  Third  Vice-Presideritr-'Rev.  Dr.  Samuel  Schulman.  Treoturir-^ 
Henry  M.  Toch.    Re-cerding  Secretary — Eugene  H.  Paul.     Execiatte  Director — Rabbi  A.  Q.  Boblson.  , 


Some  Valuable  New  York  Buildings. 


891 


SOWIE    VALUABLE    NEW    YORK   BUILDINGS. 

(Inelutiiiig  the  Laud.) 


LOCATION. 


120  Broadway. 

28-40  Nassau  Street 

229-37  Broadway 

346-8  Broadway 

1  Nassau  Street 

6-11  Nassau  Street 

10(W)6  Broadway 

90-94  Broadway 

125-30  Broadway 

140^6  Broadway 

27-33  Nassau  Street 

111-13  Broadway 

193-99  Broadway 

16&-67  Broadway 

149-63  Broadway 

Ch^ch!''bet."co^ttaidt  and  DeyStrVets 

lfl&-72  Broadway 

98-106  William  Street 

1  Broadway 

5-11  Broadway • 

63-5  Broadway 

67-61  Broadway 

69-73  Broadway 

87-93  West  Street 

22-30  Broadway 

20-21  Broadway - 

58-60  Broadway 

66-70  Broadway 

8-16  Broad  Street 

20  Broad  Street 

2-8  Whitehall  Street 

11-23  Broad  Street 

1-9  Broad  Street 

37-43  Wall  Street 

49-61  WaU  Street 

S3-57  Wall  Street 

60  WaU  Street 

80  Maiden  Lane 

40-42  WaU  Street 

14-26  Nassau  Street 

35-39  Nassau  Street 

141-47  Broadway 

8  Rector  Street 

WalKer  and  Church  Streets 

Soring  and  McDougal  Streets 

West  and  Bethune  Streets . 

Broadway  and  Prince  Street. 

39th  to  40th  Street  and  Broadway.  .  .  ■ 

Broadway.  34th  to  3.5th  Street. 

Broadway  35th  to  36th  Street 

Broadway.  35th  to  36th  Street 

481-89  Seventh  Avenue - 

1293-1311  Broadway 

KnU  Ave'n  "e!^3ist  to-SSd  Street .' . 

461-479  Eighth  Avenue 

244-60  Seventh  Avenue 

Broadway  and  42d  Street, 

Broadway  and  42d  Street 

Broadway  and  43d  Street ■ 

Broadway  and  44th  Street 

44th  to  4.ith  Street 


Name. 


Asssfled 
Vul-.i.-tion. 


Equiiable  BuUdiug 

Mutual  Life 

Woolworth 

New  York  Life • 

Banlicre  Trust  Company 

Hanover  National  BanK 

American  Surety  Company 

United  Banh  BuiWing. . . .... . . .  •  • 

American  Exchanse  National  Bank 

Guaranty  Trust  Company 

|?S1tft«4W^ImpVovVmeitC:o;,^ 

Western  Union  Telegraph  Company 

City  Investing  Company 

Singer  Building ^  ■  •  •  > 

New  York  Telephone  Company 

Havemeyer  Building. 

Broadway  Building  Company 

Woodbridge  Building 

Washington  Building 

Bowling  Green • 

\me:ican  Express  Company 

Adams  Express  Company 

Empire  Building 

Carroll  BuUding ;  • 

Lowei^r^aiiWay  ileaitV  Company .'  I  W '.:'■'■'■ '■ 

Columbia  Trust  Company 

Manhattan  Life 

Stock  Exchange .  ■ .  •  •  •  •  • 

Commercial  Cable  BuUding 

Produce  Exchange 

MlUs •  ■• 

Morgan  Building  ■■■•■■••• 

Trust  Company  of  America.     .  ••■■•• 

American  Mutual  Insurance  company 

National  City  Bank •  ■  ■  •  ■ 

Bank  of  Manhattan ,•  a"  ■ '. 

Mechanics  and  M:etal8  National  Bamt 


Broadway.  ^-^--^^  ^,^  3^3^^ 

44th  to  45th  Street «t^.,"nd  Theatre 

Trti.  tr,  ist.h  .street StrauCi  1  neaire 


Broadway, 

Broadway, 

Broadway 

Broadway, 

Broad  v/ay, 

Broadwd' 


tfnited  States  Express  Comp-.iny .... 

New  York  Telephone 

Butterlck 

Western  Electric 

Havemeyer ■••■•:■•  -''v  •  •  • 

Metropolitan  Opera  House < . 

Macy's  Department  Store.  . ,  .  ■  .;.  .  . 

Johnson  BuUding 

Herald. . . . ... .  •  • ■  '  •  ■  •  •  '•  •  •  ■  ■ 

Mills  Hotel  No.  3 

Saks  and  Company •  ■  •  ■;    :■■■ 

Glmbel  Brothers  Department,  store. 
Pennsylvania  Railioad  Terminal .  .  . 

Printing  Craft  Building ......:.; 

NaUonil  Cloak  and  Suit  Cpmjynny. 

Knickerbocker  Hotel •, 

Long  Acre  Building 

Fitzgerald  BuUding , ....  ...i; .  v .......  . 

Clarldge  Hotel • 

New  York  Theatre.  .  .  .......>  •..■  ■'.■■'  ■ 

Putnam  Building ■.    ■  ■  •  •  - 


itli^^f  SIS  A;n^:Ave:  J^^^ --»^;  vompai. 


East  Side.  S9th  to  90th  Street. . 

East  Side.  02d  to  93d  Street. 

47'9-SJ  Fifth  Avenue^.  •  ■,^-^- ■  •  i 

Madisoa  Avenue  and  4^d  Stieet 

29-31  West  42d  Street 

39^5  West  42d  Street ■ 

27-31  West  44th  Street 

756-76  Sixth  Avenue.  .  ...  ■ .  ■ 

Fifth  Avenue  and  a9th  Street.  ..  ...... 

Madison  Avenue  43d  to  44th  Street.  .  . 

Park  Avenue  and  42d  Street 

Madison  Av.enue  and  42d  Stieet 

Fifth  Avenue  and  S5th  Street 

Fifth  Avenue  and  o5th  BtrMt 

Fifth  Avenue  and  42d  Street 

Fifth  4venue  and  43d  Street 

2  East  9,lst,gtreet. . ....   i,-,- •  •  •  ■ •  • 

201st  StiFefet'isd  Harlem  River 


W.  W.  Astor 

Rogers  Peet  Company 

Hecksher  Building 

The  AeoUan  Company 

Stern  Brothers 

Harvard  Club 

Hippodrome 

Plaza  Hotel 

Biltraore  Hotel 

Belmont  Hotel 

Manhattan  Hotel 

St.  Regis  Hotel 

Gotham  Hotel 

Oceanic  Investing  Company 

Postal  Life  Building •• 

Alidrew  Carnci^ie. .  ... . .  l ■!,•■••  •  ■.• '  • 

Electric  Light  and  Power  Company. 


$25,<'00,000 
9,?-0,000 

9,-.':)0,ooo 
4.(;r.o,000 
5.^(10,000 
4,( '■■0,000 
2,423,000 
2,:V7.'>.00O 
1  .«;iO,000 
3.t>UO,000 
2,'i  10,000 
e-.rs  10,000 

(i:  .'.1)0,000 

0,025,000 

7,000,000 

5,iii;0,000 

1,<-75,000 

2,050,000 

1,*- .'■.0,000 

2,ti'K),000 

3,;-.50,000 

3,S(jO.O0O 

0,.jOO,000 

4,100,000 

2,250,000 

3.200,000 

3,H00,000 

3,000,000 

3,700,000 

5.200,000 

2,'i.'i0,000 

3,750,000 

4,150,000 

5,100,000 

2,325,000 

2.850,000 

5,500,000 

2,000,000 

3,700,000 

2.700,000 

2,«no,ooo 

2,175,000 
2,8.50,000 
2,700,000 
2,700,000 
1.300,000 
1,770,000 
1,(, 80,000 
3,S75,000 
6,000,000 
3,300,000 
2,500,000 
1.235,000 
3,070,000 
0.030,000 
14;S30,000 
2,700,000 
2,300,000 
3,700,000 
2,375,000 
2,100,000 
2,270,000 
2,550,000 
2, .'160,000 
3,875,000 
2,.<60,000 
3,.'>t)0,000 
2.~in0,000 
1,(  190,000 
2,>=:00,000 
2,100,000 
2,275,000 
0,000,000 
1,2,50,000 
2,250,000 
8,100,000 
8,700,000 
4,4.50,000 
3,7.50.000 
2,700,000 
2.700,000 
2,1)25,000 
2,275.000 
2,425,000 
6,9iQ,Q0a 


892 


Post  Offi.ce— New  Yorh  N.  F. 


POST    OFFICE— NEW    YORK,    N,    Y. 

(31st  to  33rd  Street  and  Sth  Avenue.) 


Posmaster — Thomas  G.  Patten. 
Houi-3— Postmaster,  9  a.  m.  to  3  p.  m. 


Assistant  Posmaster — Thomas  F.  Murph;/. 
Other  departments  9  a.  m.  to  4  p.  hi.  unless  otherwise  stated. 


SECOND 
Postmaster — Room  218. 
Assistant  Postmaster — Room  224. 
Superintendent  of  Delivery — Room  201. 
Superintendent  of  Mails — Room  230. 
Superintendent  of  Money  Order — Room  203. 
Superintendent  of  Registry — Room  205. 
Auditor — Room  217. 
Appointment  Clerh — Room  215. 
Cashier— Rooms  219-223. 


FLOOR. 

Superintendent.  Second-Class  Matter — Room  224. 

Inquiry  Department  for  Missing  Mail,  etc.— 
Room  240. 

U.  S.  Customs  Bureau — Room  239.  Hours,  9  a.m. 
to  4.30  p.  M.  Saturdays,  9  a.  m.  to  12  m.  Closed 
on  Sundays  and  holidays. 

Assistant  Custodian — Room  202.  Hours,  9  a.  m. 
to  4.30  P.  M.  An  offlcer  of  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment in  charge  of  the  building  and  watch. 


-Room    332 


(9    A.  M.    to 


THIRD 

Order  Department  of  Instruction — Room  335.     (9 

A.  M.  to  4  p.  M.) 
Printing   Department— Room   353.      (9   A.  m.   to  4 

p.  M.) 

Supply   Department — Room   358.      (9   a.  m.   to   5 

p.  M.) 

Redemption  and  Special  Request  Envelope  Department- 
to  4  p.  M.    Closed  on  Sundays  and  Holidays. 

On  general  holidays,  viz.:  January  1,  February  22,  May  30,  July  4,  Labor  Day.  Thanksgiving  Day, 
December  25,  and  such  days  as  the  President  of  the  United  States  may  designate  as  holidays,  fast,  and 
thanksgiving  days,  all  mails  are  closed  as  on  other  days  of  the  week,  but  only  such  carrier  deliveries  are 
made  as  may  have  been  previously  announced. 


FLOOR. 

Post-Offlce    Inspectors- 

4.30  p.  M.) 
Railway  Mail  Service,  Superintendent — Room  321. 

(9  A.  M.  to  4.30  p.  M.) 
Chief  Clerk,  R.  M.  S.,  In  Charge  of  Second  Class 

Matter — Room  314.     (9  A.  m.  to  4.30  p.  m.) 

■Room  M-U,  Mezzanine  Floor.    Hours  9  a.m. 


CITY  HALL  STATION,  BROADWAY  AND  PARK  ROW.     OPEN  AT  ALL  HOURS. 

General  Delivery  (Park  Row  side). — Men's  Window,  sees.  5  and  7;  Advertised  Letter  Window,  sec. 
1;  Ladies'  Window,  sec.  11. 

Bank  Window. — Seo.  17^  Park  Row  side. 

Registry  business  is  transacted  from  8  a.  k.  to  12  p.  m.  Holidays,  8  a.  m.  to  10  A.  M.  No  Registry 
business  is  transacted  on  Sundays. 

Money  Order  business  is  transacted  from  9  a.  m.  to  12  " .  m.  No  Money  Order  business  is  transacted 
on  Sundays  or  holidays. 

CARRIER    STATIONS    IN    MANHATTAN    AND    BRONX. 


A — Cor.  Prince  and  Greene  Sts. 

B— 45  Suffolk  St. 

C— West  13th  St.  and  Ninth  Ave. 

D— Fourth  Ave.,  S.  W.  cor.  13th  St. 

F— 149-155  East  34th  St.,  bet.  Lex'n  and  Third  Aves. 

G — 217-225  West  51st  St.,  near  Broadway. 

H— 178-180  West  102d  St. 

1—232-234  West  116th  St. 

J— 309  West  125th  St. 

K— 202-204  East  88th  St.,  near  Third  Ave. 

L— 147  East  125th  St.,  cor.  Lexington  Ave. 

M — 2088  Amsterdam  Ave. 

N — Broadway,  cor.  69th  St. 

O— 112-116  West  18th  St. 

P — Custom  House  Building. 

R— 378-380  East  149th  St.,  bet.  Third  and  Courtlandt 
Aves. 

S — N.  W.  cor.  Howard  &  Lafayette  Sts. 

T— 507-509  East  165th  St.,  bet.  Third  and  Wash- 
ington Aves. 

V — Third  Ave.,  cor.  i03d  St. 

V — Northwest  cor.  West  Broadw.iy  and  Beach  St. 

W— 160-162  West  83d  St. 

X— 373-377  East  138th  St.,  near  Willis  Ave. 

Y— 1160-1162  Third  Ave.,  near  6Sth  St. 

City  Island — 329  City  Island  Ave.,  cor.  Bay  St. 

College— 305-307  West  140th  St.,  near  Eighth  Ave. 

Fordham — 2519  Webster  Ave.,  near  Fordham  Rd. 


Foreign — West  St..  cor.  Morton  St. 

Fox  St. — Fox  St..  bet.  167th  and  169th  Sts. 

General  Post-Office— West  31st  and  33d  Sts.  and 

8th  Ave. 
Grand  Central  Station — 110  East  45th  St.,  bet. 

Lexington  Ave.  and  Depew  Place. 
Hamilton  Grange— 521-523  West  146th  St. 
High    Bridge — West    165th    St.,    bet.    Llnd    and 

Summit  Aves. 
Hudson   Terminal   Station — Cortlandt   Building, 

30  Church  St.,  bet.  Cortlandt  and  Dey  Sts. 
KIngsbridge— 5233  B'way.,  bet.  225th  &  227th  Sts. 
Madison   Square — 310-316  Fourth  Ave.,  bet.  23d 

and  24th  Sts. 
Morris  Heights — West  177th  St.,  near  Cedar  Ave. 
Times  Square — 231-241  West  39th  St. 
Tompkins  Square — 12th  St.  and  Ave.  B. 
Tremont — 1931   Washington  Ave.,   between   177th 

and  178th  Sts. 
Wall  St. — Pine  and  Pearl  Sts. 
Washington      Bridge — Amsterdam      Ave.,      near. 

180th  St 
Westchester — 1471     ■Wllllamsbridsc     Road,     near 

East  Chester  Road. 
West   Farms   Station — 1054  Tremont   Ave.,   near 

Boston  Road. 
Williamsbridge — 3455    White    Plains    Ave.,    near 

Gun  Hill  Road. 


Branch  Offices — Pelham  Branch,  Pelhara,  N.  Y.;  Pelham  Manor  Branch,  Pelham  Manor,  N.  Y. 

Grand  Central  and  Madison  Square  Stations  are  open  on  week  days  from  7  A.  m.  to  12  p.  M.;  for  the 
transaction  of  money  order  bu.<!inc.ss  from  8  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m. 

Hudson  Terminal  bcanon  is  odop.  on  week  days  of  the  year  from  7  A.  m.  to  12  p.m.  No  money  order 
business  Is  transacted  on  Sundays  or  holidays.  Registry  business  is  transacted  from  7  A.  m.  to  10  a.  m. 
on  holidays;  no  registrv  business  is  transacted  on  Sundays. 

"^  All  otner  carriers'  stations  are  open  on  week  dajs  from  7  a.  m.  to  8  P.  M.;  for  the  transaction  of  money 
order  business  irom  8  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.       . 

M  On  Sundays  carriers'  stations  are  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  11  A.  M.;  on  holidays  from  /  A.  M.  to  10  A.  m., 
excepting  High  Bridge,  whlcn  is  onen  on  Sundays  from  4  p.  m.  to  6.30  p.  m.,  and  Morris  Heights  from  4.30 
P.  M.  to  6.30  p.  m.     i\o  money  order  business  is  transacted  on  Sundays  or  holidays. 

At  carriers'  stations  registry  business  is  transacted  on  holidays  from  7  a.  m.  to  10  A.  M.;  no  registry 
business  is  transacted  on  Sundays. 

Postal  receipts  for  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  S39.282,843.07. 

Poctal  Savings  deposits,  June  30,  1918,  S32, 107,195. 

Postal  Savings  accounts,  June  30,  1918,  $149,593. 


How  to  Find  Any  Street  Number  in  New  York. 


893 


BROOKLYN    POST-OFFICE. 

Postmaster — Walter  C.  Burton.     Assistant  Postmaster — Peter  J.  Cleary  (In  cUai-ge  ol  tbe  Division  of 
Finance).    SuperirUendent  of  Mails — J.  A.  T.  Carrougber.     (Telephone,  3900  Main.) 

CARRIER  STATIONS. 


Station. 


A 

B 

C 

D..... 

E 

Flatbush 

G.. 

Bath  Beach 

Ridgewood 

BIythebourne . . . 

Times  Plaza 

Coney  Island . . . . 
Fort  Hamilton .  . 
Sheepsbead  Bay . 
P. 


Vanderveer. . . . 

S 

T 

V 

W 

Y 

Kensington 

New  Lots 

Pratt 

St.  John's  Place . 
Bush  Terminal .  . 
Camp  Upton. . . . 


Location. 


661  Broadway 

1266-1268  Fulton  Street 

5009-5011  Sixth  Avenue 

1915-1917  Fulton  Street 

2581  Atlantic  Avenue 

961-965  Flatbush  Avenue 

746  Manhattan  Avenue 

1884  86th  Street 

1600  Myrtle  Avenue 

13th  Avenue  and  55th  Street •. . .  . 

Flatbush  Avenue,  L.  I.  RR.  Depot 

Surf  Avenue,  opp.  West  17tli  Street. 

9110  Fifth  Avenue 

Avenue  U  and  East  16th  Street 

70-72  Thatford  Avenue 

Nostrand  Avenue  and  Avenue  H 

1075  Lafayette  Avenue 

155-157  Hamilton  Avenue 

303-309  Eighth  Street 

Broadway  and  South  Eighth  Street 

S.  W.  cor.  47th  Street  and  Gravesend  Avenue. . 

305-307  Church  Avenue 

946-948  Glenmorc  Avenue 

Willoughby  Avenue  and  Steuben  Street 

1234  St.  John's  Place 

34th  Street  between  Second  and  Third  Avenues . 
Camp  Upton.  N.  Y 


Superintendent. 


Joseph  C.  Vlelblg. 
Edward  J.  Rorke. 
George  L.  C.  Jacobson. 
William  F.  Costello. 
Joseph  L.  Keresey. 
William  F.  Morris. 
Joseph  E.  Bennet. 
Stephen  V.  Fonner. 
Thos.  B.  Lavens. 
Robert  W.  King. 
James  M.  Mc  Ardle. 


Thomas  Barrett. 

Peter  F.  Ralph. 

Henry  Hassler. 

Samuel  P.  Fisher. 

James  F.  Halloran. 

George  W.  Barren. 

Joseph  A.  Hamilton. 

Edward  Thompson. 

Henry  Kraft. 

Joseph  F.  Plunkett. 

Frederick  W.  Schuttler. 

David  F.  CarroU. 

John  J.  Barry. 

William  J.  Morrison. 

G.  L.  Opperman,  Clerk  in  Charge 


Brooklyn  Postal  Savings  Bank,  June  30,  1918 — Number  of  depositors,  54,561;  amount  ou  deposit, 
SIO.315,999. 

Money  order  business,  year  ended  June  30,  1918 — Domestic  money  orders  Issued,  $11,983,636:  inter- 
national money  orders  issued,  $814,112;  combined  fees,  393,081;  domestic  money  orders  paid,  310,761,254; 
international  money  orders  paid,  S119,474. 

Gross  postal  receipts,  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  84,781,388. 


PUBLIC    MARKETS    IN    NEW    YORK   CITY. 

The  public  markets  are  West  Washington,  Gansevoort,  Washington,  Jefferson  and  Delancey  in  Man- 
hattan, and  Wallabout  in  Brooklyn. 

Washington  Market,  at  Fulton  and  West  Streets,  covers  an  area  of  175x203  feet,  and  was  established 
in  1812.  Meat,  flsh  and  game,  butter,  eggs,  cheese,  fruits  and  vegetables  are  sold  there.  The  city  charges 
for  space  in  this  market. 

West  Washington  Market — Established  In  1889  at  Gansevoort  and  West  Streets,  covers  369  x  400  feet. 
There  are  ten  buildings — two-story  structures  In  blocks  of  twenty  stands,  with  marketing  space  ou  the  first 
floor  and  offices  on  the  second.  It  is  a  wholesale  market  in  which  meat,  garden  produce  and  live  poultry 
ai-e  sold.    The  stalls  are  leased. 

Jefferson  Market,  at  Greenwich  Avenue  and  Sixth  Avenue,  occupies  36,000  square  feet.  This  is  a  retail 
market.    Space  Is  rented  by  the  city  to  dealers. 

Gansevoort  Market — An  open  square  bounded  by  West,  Little  West  Twelfth,  Washington  and  Ganse- 
voort Streets,  has  no  buildings  of  any  kind.  It  is  by  legislation  restricted  to  the  use  of  farmers  and  gardeners 
for  the  sale  of  products  they  themselves  have  grown.  Each-farmer  Is  charged  25  cents  dally.  It  is  mostly 
a  wholesale  market  for  dealers. 

Delancey  Street  Market  la  under  the  approach  to  Williamsburg  Bridge  at  Pitt  and  WUlett  Streets,  where 
flsh,  vegetables  and  fruits  and-  miscellaneous  dry  goods  are  sold.     It  occupies  a  space  400  x  100  feet. 

Harlem  Market — Under  Harlem  Bridge,  130th  Street  and  3d  Avenue.    Things  are  sold  at  retail.     '^ 

Queensboro  Market — Retail,  under  Queensboro  Bridge;  Manhattan  approach,  1st  Avenue,  Avenue  A, 
69th  and  60th  Streets. 

Wallabout  Market  has  an  area  of  thlrty-slx  acres.  It  extends  from  Clinton  Avenue  to  East  Avenue,  to 
Wallabout  Basin.  The  city  owns  the  land  and  the  ground  is  leased.  Many  farmers  use  this  market  to  sell 
their  produce  to  dealers,  and  pay  25  cents  a  day  for  each  wagou  space  in  the  market.  Mostly  aJ)  the  pur- 
chases are  wholesale,  

FEDERAL    EMPLOYMENT    AGENCIES    IN    NEW    YORK   CITY. 

Manhattan — 22  E.  22d  St.;  79  Centre  St.;  126  Clinton  St.;  436  E.  14th  St.;  57th  St.  and  3d  Ave.; 
86th  St.  and  Lexington  Ave.:  111th  St.  and  Lexington  Ave.;  519  Hudson  St.;  240  W.  23d  St.;  112  W.  46th 
St.;  124th  St.  and  Lenox  Ave.;  139th  St.  and  Lenox  Ave.;  58  Cooper  Sq.;  211  Bowery;  142  Bowery. 

Bronx — 363  E.  149th  St.;  675  Tremont  Ave.;  2537  Decatur  Ave. 

Brooklyn— 310  Jay  St.;  716  Flatbush  Ave.;  2463  Atlantic  Ave.;  52d  St.  and  33  Ave.;  927  Broadway; 
344  Broadway;  673  Manhattan  Ave. 

Queens — 171  Hunter  Ave. 

Richmond — 9  Union  Ave.,  Mariners  Harbor. 


HOW    TO    FIND    ANY    STREET    NUMBER    IN    NEW    YORK. 

To  find  what  street  is  nearest,  take  the  number,  cancel  last  figinre,  and  divide  by  2,  add  the  key  numbef 
tound  below.  The  result  will  be  the  nearest  street.  The  key  numbers  are:  Avenue  A,  3;  Avenue  B,  3; 
Avenue  C,  3;  Avenue  D,  3;  First  Avenue,  3;  Second  Avenue,  3;  Third  Avenue,  9  or  10;  Fourth  Avenue,  8; 
Fifth  Avenue  to  Central  Park,  18  or  17;  above  Mount  Morris  Park,  24;  Sixth  Avenue,  6;  Seventh  Avenue, 
12;  Eighth  Avenue,  9;  Ninth  Avenue,  13;  Tenth  Avenue,  14;  Eleventh  Avenue,  15;  Lexington  Avenue,  22; 
Madison  Avenue,  26;  Park  Avenue,  34  or  35;  Columbus,  Amsterdam,  and  West  End  Avenues,  59  or  60; 
Broadway  above  14th  Street  (subtract),  30  or  31;  Central  Park  West,  divide  house  number  by  10,  aat 
add  60;  Riverside  Drive,  divide  house  number  by  10,  and  add  72. 


894 


Fire  Department  in  New  York  City. 


FIRE    DEPARTMENT    IN    NEW    YORK    CITY. 


Manhattan,  Bronx  and  Richmond. 


1 

10 
0 

24 

163 

237 

260 

1,750 

150 

142 

99 

1 

5 

18 

4 


Chief  of  Department 

Deputy  Chiefs  of  Department 

Chief  of  Construction  and  Repairs  to 

Apparatus 

Chiefs  of  Battalion 

Captains 

Lieutenants 

Engineers  of  Steamers 

Firemen  Ist  Grade 

2d       "      

3d       "      

4th     "      

Chief  Medical  Officer 

Medical  Officers 

Pilots 

Marine  Engineers 


Salary . 


510,000 
4,500 

3,G00 
3,540 
2,800 
2.350 
1,800 
1,650 
1,400 
1,200 
1,200 
4,200 
3,300 
1.600 
1,800 


Brooklyn  and  Queenm. 


1  Deputy  Chief  in  Charge 

4  Deputy  Chiefs 

23  Chiefs  of  Battalion 

131  Captains 

182  Lieutenants 

212  Engineers  of  Steamers 

1,255  Firemen  1st  Grade 

104        ••        2d       "      

84        '•        3d       "      

57        "        4th     •'      

3  Medical  Officers 

1  Marine  Engineer 

Making  a  total  uniformed  force  of  4,9l'J. 


Salary . 


$G,500 
4,500 
3,540 
2,800 
2,350 
1,800 
1,660 
1,400 
1,200 
1,200 
3,300 
1,800 


Pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  section  790,  Greater  New  York  Charter,  all  uniformed  members  of  the 
Fire  Department  are  entitled  to  retire  at  the  expiration  of  twenty  years'  continuous  service  on  a  pension 
equal  to  not  less  than  one-half  of  the  salary  they  may  be  receiving  at  the  time  of  their  application. 

FIRE    ENGINE    COMPANIES,    MANHATTAN    AND    BRONX. 
(Headquarters,  Municipal  Building.) 


1—105  W.  29th  St. 

2—530  W.  43d  St. 

3—417  W.  17th  St. 

4 — 119  Maiden  Lane. 

5—340  E.  14th  St. 

6—113  Liberty  St 

7—100-102  Duane  St. 

8— 1C5  E.  51st  St. 

9 — 55  E.  Broadway. 
10 — 8  Stone  St. 
11—437  E.  Houston  St 
12—261  WiUlam  St. 
13—99  Wooster  St. 
14— IV  E.  18th  St. 
15— 2fl9  Henry  St. 
16—223  E.  25th  St. 
1-7-91  Ludlow  St. 
18 — 132  W.  10th  St. 
19 — 335  W.  25th  St. 
20 — 243  Lafayette 
21—216  E.  40th  St. 
22—159  E.  85th  St . 
23—215  W.  58th  St. 
24—78  Morton  St. 
25—342  5th  St. 

HOOK 

1—104  Duane  St. 

2—126  E.  50th  St. 
L3— 108  E.  13th  St.  (Water 
f        Tower  No.  2) . 

4—788  8th  Ave. 

5^107  Charles  St. 

6—77  Canal  St. 

7—217  E.  28th  St. 

8— 14-16  N.  Moore  St, 

9 — 209  EUzabeth  St. 
10 — 101  Fulton  St. 
11—742  5th  Ave. 
12—243  W.  20th  St. 
13—159  E.  87th  St. 


St 


50- 
52- 


26—220  W.  37th  St. 
27—173  Franklin  St.  __ 
28—604  E.  nth  St. 
29 — 160  Chambers  St. 
30—278  Spring  St. 
31 — 87   Lafayette  St. 
(Water  Tower  No.  1). 
32 — 49  Beekman  St.    , 
33—42  Great  Jones  St. 
34 — 440  W.  33d  St. 
35 — 223  E.  119th  St. 
36—1849  Park  Ave. 
37—83  Lawrence  St. 
38 — 1907  Amsterdam  Ave. 
39—157  E.  67th  St. 
40—153  W.  68th  St. 
41—330  E.  150th  St. 
42—1781  Mt.  Hope  Ave. 
43— Sedgwick  Ave.  and 

178th  St. 
44—221  E.  75th  St. 
45—925  E.  177th  St. 
46—451  E.  176th  St. 
47—502  W.  113th  St. 
48—2504  Webster  Ave. 
49 — Blackwell's  Island. 
AND    LADDER    COMPANIES, 
14—120  E.  125th  St. 
15— Old  Slip,  bet.  Water 

and  Front  Sts. 
16—159  E.  67th  St. 
17—341  E.  143d  St. 
18 — 84  Attorney  St. 
19 — 886  Forest  Ave. 
20—157  Mercer  St. 
21 — 432  W.  36th  St.  , 
22 — 766  Amsterdam  Ave 
23—504  W.  140th  St 


491  E.  166th  St. 
Riverdale  Ave.,  near 

Spuyten  Duyvll 

Parkway. 
53—175  E.  104th  St. 
54—304  W.  47th  St. 
55—363  Broome  St. 
58—120  W.  83d  St. 
57— Battery  Park  (Boat). 
58—81  W.  115th  St. 
59—180  W.  137th  St. 
60—352  E.  137th  St. 
61—1518  VVmsbridge  Rd. 
62— 3431  White  Plains  Rd., 

WiUiamsbridge. 
03-^109  White  Plains  Rd. 
64—1214  Castle  Hill  Ave. 

(Bronx). 
65—33  W.  43d  St. 
66— Ft,  Grand  St.,  E 

(Fire  Boat). 
67—518  W.  170th  St. 
68 — 1080  Ogden  Ave. 
69—243  E.  223d  St. 
70—169  Sconeld  St.,  C. 
71—3134-36  Park  Ave. 

MANHATTAN 
-205  W.  77th  St. 


26—52  E.  114th  St. 
27 — 453  E.  176th  St. 
28—250  W.  143d  St. 
29—620  E.  138th  St. 
30—104  W.  135th  St. 
31 — 1213  Intervale  Ave 
32—489  E.  166th  St. 


3.3 — 2383  Jerome  Ave. 
34 — 515  W.  161st  St. 
35—142-144  W.  63d  St. 


24—113  W.  33d  St.  (Water  36— 29  Vermliye  Ave. 
Tower  No.  3.)  37 — 2930  Brlggs  Ave 


72—22  E.  12th  St. 

73 — 655  Prospect  Ave. 

74—207  W.  77th  St. 

75 — 2385  Jerome  Ave. 

70—105  W.  102d  St. 

77— Ft.  Beekman  St.,  E,  R. 

78 — Ft.  99th  St.  and  Har- 
lem River. 

79—2928  Briggs  Ave. 

80—503  W.  139th  St. 

81 — 3045  Albany  Road. 

82 — 1216  Intervale  Ave. 

83—618  E.  138th  St. 

84 — 513  W.  161st  St. 

85— Ft.  W.  35th  St.  (Boat) 

86— Ft.  of  Bloomfleld  St. 
(Boat) . 

87— Ft.  of  135th  St.,  Har- 
lem River  (Boat). 

88 — 2225  Belmont  Ave. 

89—1799  First  Ave. 

90— 1 84 1  White  Plains  Ave. 

91—244  E.  lUth  St. 

92—1259  Morris  Ave. 

93—513  W.  181st  St. 

94—1238  Seneca  Ave. 

95 — 29  Vermliye  Ave. 
AND    BRONX. 

38 — 2223  Belmont  Ave. 

39—243  E.  223d  St. 

40 — 6  Hancock  Place. 

41—1843  White  Plains  AV. 

42—657  Prospect  Ave. 

43—240  E.  11 1th  St. 

44 — 1261  Morris  Ave. 

45—513  W.  ISlst  St. 

46—3027  Bailey  Ave. 

47—1220  Castle  HiU  Ave. 

48 — 1226  Seneca  Ave. 

49 — 1079  Nelson  Ave. 


R 


201- 5119  4th  Ave. 
202-201  Van  Brunt  St. 
203—533  Hicks  St. 
204—299  Degraw  St. 
205 — 100  Pierrepont  St. 
206—1196     Metropolitan 

Ave. 
207—247  Pearl  St. 
208—227  Front  St. 
209—157  Taafe  PI. 
210—160  Carlton  Ave. 
211—166  ClymerSt. 
212—136  Wythe  Ave. 
213—137  Powers  St. 
214—231  Herkimer  St. 
215—88  India  St. 
216-11  ScholesSt. 
217—940  De  Kalb  Ave. 
218 — 650  Hart  St. 
219—735  Dean  St. 


FIRE   ENGINE 
220—530  nth  St. 
221—712  Driggs  Ave. 
222—836  Quincy  St. 
223— Ft.  38th  St.,  E.  Rl\ 

(floating  engine). 
324—274  Hicks  St. 
225 — 657  Liberty  Ave. 
226 — 409  State  St. 
227 — 979  Herkimer  St. 
228—178  39th  St. 
229—75  Richardson  St. 
230—59  Ellery  St. 
231—107  Watklns  St. 
232 — Ft.  Noble  St.  (tlo.-.t- 

ing  engine) . 
233—243  HuU  St. 
234 — 1472  Bergen  St. 
235—206  Monroe  St. 
236— Liberty    Ave.,   nert 

Euclid.  St. 


COMPANIES,   BROOKLYN. 
237 — 55  Morgan  Ave. 
238 — 176  Norman  Ave. 
239—395  4th  Ave. 
240 — 1309  Prospect  Ave. 
241 — Bay     Ridge     Ave., 

near  Second  Ave. 
242— 5th  Ave.,  nr.  92d  St 
243—8653  18th  Ave. 
244— W.  15th  St.  and  Surf 

Ave.,  Coney  Island. 
24.5 — 2929  W.  8t,h  St. 
246—2731  E.  23d  St. 
247 — 60th   St. ,  near   New 

Utrecht  Ave. 
248—2261  Church  Ave. 
249 — Rogers     Ave.     and 

Mldwood  St. 
2.50 — lJa^v^ence  Ave.,  near 

E  3d  St. 


251 — Wallabout  Market. 
252 — 617  Central  Ave. 
253— 86th  St.,  nr.  24th  Av. 
254 — Gravesend  Ave. 
255 — 1369  Rogers  Ave. 
256—124  De  Kalb  Ave. 
269—786  Union  St. 
271—392  Himrod  St. 
276—1635  E.  14th  St. 
277—582     Knickerbocker 

278—5011  '7th  Ave. 
279— 252  Lorraine  St. 
280 — 489  St.  John's  PI. 
281—1210  Cortelyou  Rd, 
282 — 4210  12th  Ave. 
283—214  Bristol  Ave. 
284—1157  79th  St. 
296—480  Sheffield  Ave. 


Fires  and  Fire  Losses  in  New  York  City,  1866-1917.        895 

FIRE  DEPARTMENT  IN  NEW  YORK  ClTY—CoMinued. 


101—201  Van  Brunt  St. 
102 — 894  Bedlord  Ave. 
103 — 183  Concord  St. 
104—163  S.  2d  St. 
105—648  Pacific  St. 
106 — 154  Greenpolnt  Ave. 
107 — 40  New  Jersey  Ave. 
108—112  Slegel  St. 
109—633  4tli  Ave. 


HOOK   AND    LADDER    COMPANIES,    BROOKLYN. 

110—264  State  St. 
Ill — 399  Halsey  St. 
112—1171  Madison  St. 
113 — Rogers    Ave.,    near 

Midwood  St. 
114 — 5th  Ave.,  nr.  52d  St. 
118 — ^365    Jay    St.     (Also 
Water  Tower  No.  1.) 


FIRE   ENGINE 


119 — Wallabout  Market.  ' 
120 — 109  Watkins  St. 
122 — 532  nth  St. 
123 — i23  Ralph  Ave. 
124 — 394  Himrod  St. 
131 — 254  Lorraine.  St. 
132 — 491  St.  .John's  PI. 
133 — 1198     hitlropolitau 
Ave. 
COJIPANIES,    QUEENS. 


145 — 480  SJiefield  Ave. 
146 — 75     Richardson    SU 

< Water  tower.) 
147 — 1210  Gortelyou  E^, 
148—4210  12th  Ave. 
149—1157  79th  St. 


257 — Rockaway  Ave.,  near  Ave.  F. 

258 — 136  8th  St.,  Long  Island  City. 

259 — 152  Greenpoint  Ave.,  L.  I.  C. 

260 — 692  Vernon  Ave.,  L.  I.  C. 

261—231  Radde  St.,  L.  I.  C. 

262—78  Main  St.,  L.  I.  C. 

263 — 398  Flushing  Ave.,  L.  I.  C. 

264 — 338  Central  Ave. 

265 — Boulevard,  near  Ammerman 

.    Ave.,  Arverne. 
266 — Grove   St.,   near   Boulevard, 
Hammers  Station. 

HOOK 

115 — 138  8th  St.,  Long  Island  City. 
116 — 701  Jackson  Ave.,  L.  I.  C. 
117 — 400  Flushing  Ave.,  L.  I.  C. 
121 — Boulevard,    near    Bay    View 
Ave.,  Holland's,  Rockaway. 
125 — 847  Spruce  St.,  Richmond  Hill 
126 — 98  Irving  PI.,  Jamaica. 
127 — 17  Union  Ave.,  Jamaica. 
128 — 153  Greenpoint  Ave.,  L.  I.  C. 

FIRE 

151 — 190;'Butler  St.,  St.  George. 
152—1212  N.  Y.  Ave.,  St.  George. 
153 — 72  Broad  St.,  Stapleton. 
1 54 — 60  Hannah  St.,  Tompkinsville 


267 — Boulevard,   near  Henry   St., 

Seaside. 
268 — 41  5th  Ave.,  Rockaway  Park. 
270 — 845  Spruce  St.,  Richmond  Hill 
272 — Lincoln   St.,   near   Main   St., 

Flushing. 
273 — Union   St.,  near  Amity  St., 

Flushing. 
274 — Murray    St.,    near    Barclay, 

Murray  Hill,  Flushing. 
275 — Orchard    St.,    near    Sheldon 

St.,  Jamaica. 

AND   LADDER   COMPA-NIES, 
129 — Grove  St.,  Flushing. 
130—227   16th   St.,   College  Point 

(Hose  No.  8) . 
134 — 342  Central  Ave.,  Far  Rock'y. 
135—2706  Myrtle  Ave. 
136 — Grand    St..    near    Van    Alst 

Ave.,  Elmhurst. 
137 — 41  5th  Ave.,  Rockaway  Park 


ENGINE    COMPANIES. 

155 — 223  Jersey  St.,  New  Brighton 
156 — 412  B'dway,  W.  N.  Brighton 
157 — 51  Cottage  PI.,  Pt.  Richmond 
158 — 22  Central  Ave.,  Mariners 
Harbor. 


285—1317  Oaliley  Av.;  Woodhaven, 

286—2706  Myrtle  Ave. 

287 — Grand    St.,    near   Van    Alst 

Ave.,  Elmiurst. 
288 — Fisk  Ave.,  nedr   Grand   St., 

Maspeth. 
289 — Main  St.,  nr.  Irv'gPl.,  Corona 
291 — Metropolitan  Ave.,  Newtown. 
292 — Thompson  Ave.,  Newtown. 
293 — 740  Benedict  Ave.,  W'dhaven. 
294 — 4252  Jamaica  Ave.,  W'dhaven 
295 — 7th  Ave.,  Whitestone. 
QUEENS. 

138 — Fisk  Ave.,  near  Grand   St., 

Maspeth. 
139 — Main    St.,    near   Irving    PI., 

Corona. 
140 — Metropolitan  Ave.,  Newtown. 
141 — Thompson  Ave.,  Newtown. 
142 — 1317  Oakley  Ave.,  W'dhaven, 
143 — 4252  Jamaica  Ave.,  W'dhaven 
144 — 7th  Ave..  Whitestone. 
RICHMOND;  

159—1592  Richmond  Rd^r  D^gan 

Hills. 
160 — 1850  Clove  Ave.,  Concord. 


HOOK   AND    LADDER   COMPANIES,   RICHMOND. 
76 — Main  "St.,    near  '  Broadway,!  78 — 3  Brook  St.,  New  Brighton.      180—232     Richmonfl     Ave.,     Per* 

Tottenville.  79 — 1189     Castleton     Ave.,     West  Richmond.  «1 

77 — 72  Broad  St.,  Stapleton.  I  New  Brighton.  1 81 — 1850  Clove  Ave.,  Concord. 

FIRES    AND    FIRE    LOSSES    IN    NEW    YORK    CITY,    1866-1917. 


Year. 


1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 
1872 
1873 
1874 
1875 
1876 
1877 
1878 
1879 
1880 
1881 
1882 
1883 


Fires. 


796 
■873 
740 
850 
964 
1,258 
1,649 
1,470 
1,355 
1,418 
1,382 
1,450 
1,654 
1,551 
1,783 
1,785 
2,001 
2,169 


Loss  By 
Fires. 


Dollars. 

6.428,000 

5,711,000 

4,342,000 

2,696,393 

2,120,212 

2,127.356 

2,891,818 

4,022,640 

1,430,306 

2,472,536 

3,851,213 

3,210,695 

1,884,505 

5,671,580 

3,183,440 

5,820,259 

4,195,960 

3.512.848 


YEAR. 


1884 
1885 
1886 
1887 
1888 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1892 
1893 
1894 
1895 
1896 
1897 
1898 
1899 
1900 


Fires. 


2,406 
2,479 
2,415 
2,929 
3,217 
2,836 
3,479 
3,938 
4,011 
4,151 
3,983 
3,963 
3,890 
4,046 
6;442 
8.053 
8,405 


Loss  By 
Fires. 


Dollars. 
3,474,547 
3,789,283 
3,340,810 
5,585,425 
5,485,922 
4,142,777 
4,168,165 
6,959,650 
5,060,973 
5,992,583 
4,208,553 
3,519,801 
3,418,591 
3,393,892 
5,186,890 
11,277,311 
8,573,347 


Year. 


1901 . . ; . . . 

1902. ■ 

1903....;.: 

1904 ! 

1905'.V.-.V- 
1906  .'•;.. '.J 
1907.  r:A .: 
1908./.....' 
1909.. ..: J 
1910.":...: 

1911. 

1912.  ..... 

1913 .. 

1914 \ 

1915 ; 

1916.  ... .. 

1917 ....;. 


Fires. 


8,424 
8,700 
10,046 
11,148 
11,524 
12,181 
12,547 
13,039 
12,437 
14,405 
14,574 
15,633 
12,958 
14,425 
13,416 
13,677 
14,053 


Loss  By 
Fires. 


Dollars. 

8,816,365 

6,998,562 

7,082,439 

7,667,52^ 

7,279,514 

7,218,488 

9,413,042 

9i26 1,078 

7,431,635 

8,591,831 

12,470,806 
9,069,58G 
7,467,997 
8,217,811 
5,757,018 
8,746,40'5 

14,278,525 


The  figures  from  1898  include  the  five  boroughs.  Number  of  fires  from  1866  to  1897,  inclusive,  72,891; 
total  loss  from  1866  to  1897,  inclusive.  5128,116,733.00;  average  annual  loss  per  ^e  from  1866  to  1897, 
Inclusive;  §1,757.65. 

The  first  fire  engines  used  in  New  York  were  worked  by  hand  and  were  imported  from  England  in 
1731.  The  population  was  then  8,628,  and  there  were  1,200  houses.  The  engines  were  housed  in  a  part 
oJ  t)ie  City  Hall,  then  at  Wall  and  Nassau  Streets.  The  first  Fire  Chief  was  Anthony  Lamb,  a  mathe- 
matical instrument  maker,  with  a  shop  in  Old  Slip.  His  salary  was  S60  a  year.  In  1737  a  volunteer  fire 
depajtment  was  organized.  The  paid  Fire  Department  dates  from  1865.  The  first  paid  Chief  was  Joba 
Deofeer.    The  first  paid  engine  company  was  at  Centre  and  Chambers  Streets. 

FIRE  COMMISSIONERS,  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
John  J,  Scamiell,  January  1,  1898,  to  December  31,  1901;  Thom.as  Sturgis,  January  1,  1902,  to  DeeeUf 
lder.31,  1903;  Nicholas  J.  Hayes,  January  1,  1904,  to  December  31,  1905:  John  H.  O'Brien,  January  1, 
1906,  to  October  10,  1906;  Francis  J.  Lantry,  October  11,  1906,  to  February  10,  1908;  Hugh  Bonner,  Feb- 
ruary 11,  1908,  to  March  17,  1908;  Nicholas  J.  Hayes,  March  21,  1908,  to  December  31,  1909;  Rliinelandet 
Waldo,  January  1,  1910,  to  May  23,  1911;  Joseph  Johnson,  June  1,  1911,  to  December  31,  19J.3:  Robert 
.4damson,  J.anuary  1,  1914,  to  Dficpmhor  .11    iqi7-  Thomas  .t.  Drennan,  January  1,  1918. 


S9G  New  York  Police  Regulations  for  Street  Traffic. 

NEW    YORK    POLICE    REGULATIONS    FOR    STREET    TRAFFIC. 

Thet  serve  as  a  model  for  other  cities. 

Streets  are  primarily  Intended  for  veliiclea,  but  drivers  must  exercise  all  possible  care  not  to  injure 
osd  6s  t>  ri  &i  Qs 

Pedestrians  should:  First,  Avoid  interference  with  vehicular  traffic  and  to  this  end  not  step  from  the 
sidewalk  without  first  looking  to  see  what  is  approaching.  Second,  Cross  the  street  at  a  right  angle,  pref- 
erably at  a  crosswalk,  and,  where  a  traffic  policeman  is  stationed,  wait  for  his  signal.  Third,  Stand  on  the 
Sidewalk  or  close  to  the  track  when  waiting  for  a  car.  Fourth,  Face  the  front  of  the  car  when  alighting 
and  observe  the  traffic  on  the  right  before  moving  to  the  sidewalk,  and  if  passing  behind  the  car  observe 
tiie  traffic  in  both  directions. 

Pedestrians  should  keep  to  the  right  and  not  stop  so  as  to  obstruct  a  sidewalk  or  crosswalk  or  an  en- 
trance to  a  building. 

Pedestrians  on  streets  with  narrow  sidewalks  should  use  the  sidewalk  on  their  right. . 

The  following  regulations  for  vehicles  sliall  be  observed  by  the  drivers  thereof,  who  shall  also  comply 
At  all  times  with  any  direction  by  voice,  hand  or  whistle  from  any  member  of  the  police  force  as  to  start- 
ing, stopping,  slowing,  approaching  or  departing  from  any  place,  the  manner  of  taking  up  or  setting  down 
passengers,  and  the  loading  or  unloading  of  anything.  Police  officers  may  temporarily  divert  traffic  to 
avoid  congestion. 

PASSING,  TURNING.  ETC. 

A  vehicle  meeting  another  aaall  pass  to  the  right. 

A  vehicle  overtaking  another  shall  pass  to  the  left  and  not  pull  over  to  the  riglit  until  entirely  clear 
of  It,  except  In  passing  a  street  car,  when  it  shall  keep  to  the  right  if  distance  between  car  and  curb  per- 
mits. A  vehicle  turning  mto  a  street  to  the  right  shall  turn  the  corner  as  near  the  right-hand  curb  as  prac- 
Mcable.  A  vehicle  turning  into  a  street  to  the  left  shall  pass  around  the  point  of  intersection  of  the  two 
streets.  A  vehicle  turning  from  one  side  to  the  other  of  a  street  shall  do  so  by  making  a  complete  swing 
at  the  next  street  intersection.  A  vehicle  shall  keep  an  near  as  practicable  to  the  right  hand  curb,  so  as 
to  leave  the  centre  of  the  street  clear  for  overtaking  traffic — the  slower  the  speed  the  nearer  the  curb.  A 
veh'Jele  on  a  street  divided  longitudinally  by  a  parkway,  walk,  sunken  way,  viaduct,  isle  of  safety,  or  cab 
stand,  shall  keep  to  the  right  of  such  division.  A  vehicle  passing  around  a  circle  sTiali  keep  to  the  right 
from  entrance  to  exit.  A  vehicle  shall  not  back  to  make  a  turn  if  it  obstructs  traffic,  but  shall  go  around 
the  block  or  to  a  street  wide  and  clear  enough  for  the  purpose.  A  vehicle  shall  not  follow  another  too 
closely  for  safety. 

STOPPING,  STANDING,  WAITING,  PARKING. 

A  vehicle  shall  not  stop  with  Its  left  side  to  the  curb,  except  on  a  "one-way"  traffic  street.  A  vehicle 
waiting  at  the  curb  shall  promptly  give  way  to  a  vehicle  arriving  to  take  up  or  set  down  passenger.s.  A 
rehlcie  shall  not  be  left  In  such  position  as  to  prevent  another  from  moving  up  parallel  and  close  to  the  ciu-b 
to  front  of.an  entrance  to  a  building,  nor  so  as  to  prevent  another  already  stopped  near  the  curb  from  moving 
away,  nor  within  ten  feet  of  a  fire  hydrant. 

A  vehicle  shall  not  be  parked  or  otherwise  stopped  so  as  to  prevent  the  free  passage  of  other  vehicles 
4a  both  directions  at  the  same  time  or  in  one  direction  in  a  "one-way  traffic"  street. 

A  vehicle,  unless  parked,  shall  not  stand  backed  up  at  any  angle  to  a  ciu-b,  except  while  actually  load- 
ing or  unloading,  and  If  horse-drawn  and  with  four  wheels  the  horses  shall  stand  parallel  with  the  curb, 
laced  In  the  direction  of  traffic. 

A  vehicle,  unless  a  street  car.  shall  not  stop  in  any  street,  except  near  the  curb,  and  then  so  as  not 
to  obstruct  a  crossing  or  cross  walk,  except  to  allow  another  vehicle  or  pedestrian  to  cross  its  path. 

A  street  car  shall  not  stop  within  an  intersection  of  streets,  nor  within  five  feet  of  a  street  car  ahead, 
nor  so  as  to  obstruct  a  cross  walk. 

OVERTAKING  STREET  CARS. 

A  vehicle  in  overtaking  or  meeting  a  street  passenger  car  which  has  been  stopped  for  the  purpose  of 
receiving  or  discharging  a  passenger  or  passengers,  shall  not  pass  or  approach  within  eight  (8)  feet  of  such 
car  so  long  as  such  car  is  so  stopped. 

When  in  the  performance  of  duty,  the  following  vehicles  shall  have  the  right  of  way;  U.  3.  Mail, 
Police,  Fire,  Fire  Patrol,  Bureau  of  Buildings,  Emergency  Repair  of  Public  Service  Corporations,  Ambu- 
tonces,  also  the  Military.  Conditions  warranting.  North  and  South  traffic  shall  have  the  right  of  way. 
A  vehicle  in  front  of  a  street  car  shall  immediately  turn  out  upon  signal.  A  vehicle  shall  not  so  occupy  any 
street  as  to  obstruct  traffic.  A  vehicle,  on  the  approach  of  fire  apparatus,  shall  Immediately  draw  parallel 
and  near  to  the  curb  and  stop.  A  street  car,  on  the  approach  of  fire  apparatus,  shall  stop  so  as  not  to  in- 
terfere with  its  passage. 

SIGNALS. 

A  vehicle's  driver  when  slowing  or  stopping  shall  give  timely  signal  by  hand  or  whip,  or  in  some  other 
unmistakable  manner.  A  vehicle's  driver  when  about  to  turn  either  from  a  standstill  or  while  in  motion, 
shall  give  timely  signal  by  hand  or  whip  or  in  some  other  unmistakable  manner  to  indicate  the  direction 
oi  the  turn.  This  is  especially  important  when  turning  to  the  left.  A  vehicle  before  backing  shall  give 
ample  warning.  Police  whistle  signals  shall  indicate:  One  blast — North  and  South  traffic  stops  and  East 
and  West  proceeds.  Two  blasts — East  and  West  traffic  stops  and  North  and  South  proceeds.  Three  or 
more  blasts — The  approach  of  fire  apparatus  or  other  danger.  A  vehicle  shall  be  eaulpped  with  lights  and 
sound  signals  as  prescribed  by  law.    Sound  signals  are  prohibited,  except  for  necessary  warning. 

A  vehicle  shall  not  exceed  the  rate  of  speed  established  by  law  and  shall  proceed  with  great  caution, 
eapecialiy  in  making  turns  in  crossing  other  streets  and  cross  walks,  and  in  passing  other  vehicles.  A  ve- 
hicle shall  not  cross  a  sidewalk  to  or  from  an  alley,  lot  or  building  faster  than  a  horse  walks. 

The  use  of  a  vehicle  is  prohibited  v?hen  it  is  so  constructed,  enclosed,  equipped  or  loaded  as  to  be  dan- 
gerous, retard  traffic,  or  prevent  the  driver  from  having  a  view  sufficient  for  safety.  The  use  of  a  vehicle 
is  prohibited  when  it  is  so  loaded  with  iron  or  other  materials  as  to  create  loud  noises  while  in  transit.  A 
vehicle  when  loaded  with  any  material  extending  beyond  its  rear  shall  be  provided  with  a  red  flag  by  day 
and  a  red  light  at  night  on  the  extreme  rear  end  of  such  load.  No  one  less  than  sixteen  years  of  age  shall 
flrive  a  vehicle  intended  for  commerical  purposes.  No  one  shall  ride  upon  the  rear  of  a  vehicle  without  the 
driver's  consent,  nor  with  any  part  of  his  body  protruding.  A  vehicle  unless  confined  to  tracks  shall  not 
tow  more  than  one  other  vehicle  and  the  connection  shall  be  not  longer  than  sixteen  feet.  Coasting  is  pro- 
hibited when  dangerous.  The  use  of  a  motor  muffler  cut-out  is  prohibited.  Dense  smoke  from  motors  la 
prohibited. 

CONTROL,  TREATMENT  AND  CONDITION  OF  HORSES. 

A  horse  shall  not  be  unbridled  nor  left  unattended  in  a  street  or  unenclosed  space  without  being 
'securely  fastened,  unless  harnessed  to  a  vehicle  with  wheels  so  secured  as  to  prevent  its  being  dragged  taster 
than  a  walk.  A  driver  shall  continuously  hold  the  reins  in  his  hands  while  riding,  driving,  or  leading  a 
horse.  No  one  shall  over-load,  over-drive,  over-ride,  ill-treat  or  unnecessarily  whip  any  horse.  No  one 
shall  crack  or  so  use  a  whip  as  to  excite  any  horse  other  than  that  which  he  is  using,  or  so  as  to  annoy,  in- 
terfere with  or  endanger  any  person. 


Police  Force  of  New  York  City. 


897 


POLICE    FORCE    OF    NEW    YORK   CITYo 

1  Chief  Inspector,  1  Borough  Inspector  at  S4,200,  SH  Inspcciois,  17  Swgeons  (one  designated  as  Chiet 
Hurgcon  at  36,000),  1  Superintendent  of  Telegraph. 


DOHODGBS. 

Captains. 

Lieutenants. 

Sergeants. 

Patrolmen. 

Matrons. 

Total. 

Manhattan 

41 

10 

31 

9 

3 

301 
40 

130 
35 

18 

410 

80 

.    199 

62 

17 

5.332 
878 

2,210 
646 
157 

26 
3 

17 
6 
3 

6,110 

1,011 

2,593 

758 

198 

Bronx ... 

Brooklyn 

Queens 

Riclimond 

Total 

94 

524 

768 

9,229 

55 

10,670 

Rank  of  Doorman  abolished  by  Act  of  Legislature,  April  16,  1912. 

SALARIES— Chief  Inspector,  S6.000;  22  Inspectors,  $3,900  each;  17  Surgeons;  $3,600  each. 

Superintendent  of  Telegraph,  S4,000;  Assistant  Superintendent  of  Telegraph,  $3,000;  Linemen,  Sl,200 
each:  Boiler  Inspectors,  Sl,300  each. 

Captains,  53,120  each;  Lieutenants,  S2.450  each;  Sergeants,  SI, 950  each. 

Patrolmen,  First  Grade,  five  years'  service,  Sl,650  each. 

Patrolmen,  Second  Grade,  less  than  Ave  years  and  more  than  four  years  and  six  months,  81,500  each. 

Patrolmen,  Third  Grade,  less  than  four  years  and  six  months  and  more  than  four  years,  Sl,450  each. 

Patrolmen,  Fourth  Grade,  less  than  four  years  and  more  than  three  years,  81,350  each. 

Patrolmen,  Fifth  Grade,  less  than  three  years  and  more  than  two  years,  51,200  each. 

Patrolmen,  Sixth  Grade,  less  than  two  years  and  more  than  one  year,  51,200  each. 

Patrolmen,  Seventh  Grade,  less  than  one  year,  $1,200  each. 

Members  of  the  police  force  may  be  retired  on  one-half  rate  of  compensation  after  service  of  twenty- 
five  years,  having  reached  the  age  of  fifty-five  years,  or  after  twenty  years'  service  upon  certificate  of  police 
surgeons  of  permanent  disability,  or  after  twenty  years'  service  if  a  veteran  of  Civil  War.  Members  of  the 
police  force  may  also  be  retired  upon  pension  upon  certificate  of  police  surgeons  of  permanent  disability 
or  disease  contracted  without  misconduct  on  the  part  of  the  officer,  and  by  reason  of  the  performaflce  of 
duty,  at  not  to  exceed  one-half  of  rate  of  compensation. 

POLICE    STATION-HOUSES    IN   MANHATTAN   AND   THE   BRONX. 
(Headquarters,  corner  Centre  and  Broome  Streets.) 


Precinct  and   Location. 

1st.  Old  Slip. 

2d.    156  Greenwich  St. 

4th.  16-20  Beach  St. 

5th.  9  Oak  St. 

6th.  17  and  19  Elizabeth  St. 

7th.  247  Madison  St. 
10th.  24  Macdougal  St. 
13th.  118-120  Clinton  St. 
14th.  135  Charles  St. 
15th.  321  Fifth  St. 
16th.  253  Mercer  St. 
17th.  130  Sheriff  St. 
18th.  230  W.  20th  St. 
21st.  327  E.  22d  St. 
22d.   434  W.  37th  St. 
23d.    138  W.  30th  St. 
25th.  160  E.  35th  St. 


Precinct  and  Location. 
26th.  345  and  347  W.  47th  St. 
28th.  150  W.  68th  St. 
29th.  163  E.  51st  St. 
31st.  153  E.  67th  St. 
32d.    134  W.  100th  St. 
33d.  The  Arsenal,  Central  Park. 
35th.  432  E.  88th  St. 
36th.  438  W.  125th  St. 
37th.  229  W.  123d  St. 
38th.  239  W.  135th  St. 
39th.  177  E.  104th  St. 
40th.  1854  Amsterdam  Ave. 
42d.    177th  St.  and  Haven  Ave. 
43d.    148  E.  126th  St. 
45th.  257  Alexander  Ave. 
46th.  3d  Ave.  and  160th  St. 
17th.  1086  Simpson  St. 


Precinct  and  Location. 
49th.  1925  Bathgate  Ave. 
50th.  Highbridge. 
51st.  Main  St.,  Westchester. 
53d.    Webster   Ave.   and   Mosholu 

Parkway. 
54th.  City  Island. 
56th.  229th  St.  and  WTiite  Plain; 

Ave. 
57th.  Kingsbrldge  Terrace. 
Traffic  A,  City  Hall. 
Traffic  B,  36  E.  9th  St. 
Traffic  C,  138  W.  30th  St. 
Traffic  E,  229  W.  123d  St. 
Harbor  A — Pier  A,   North   River 

B — Randall's  Island,  opposite 

foot  E.  125tli  St.,  Harlem  R. 


Detective  Bureau — Main  Office  .ind  Homicide  Squad,  240  Centre  St.;  1st  District,  118  Clinton  St. 
2d  District,  156  Greenwich  St.;  3d  District,  138  W.  30th  St.;  4th  District,  150  W.  68th  St.;  5th  District 
153  E.  67th  St.;  6th  District,  229  W.  r23d  St.;  7th  District,  1086  Simpson  St.;  8th  District,  Webster  Ave. 
Bronx  Park;  Criminal  Identification  Bureau,  and  Bomb  and  Neutrality  Squads,  240  Centre  St. 

First  Inspection  District  takes  in  Precincts  1,  5,  7,  13,  15,  17;  2d  District,  Precincts  2,  4,  6,  10,  14; 
16;  3d  District,  Precincts  18,  21,  22,  23,  25;  4th  District,  Precincts  26,  28,  32,  33;  5th  District,  Precincts, 
29,  31,  35,  39,  43;  6th  District,  Precincts  30,  37.  38,  id.  42;  7th  District,  Precincts  45,  46.  47,  49,  50;  8th. 
District,  Precincts  51,  53.  54,  56.  57. 


POLICE   STATION-HOUSES    IN   BROOKLYN. 
(Headquarters,  72  Poplar  Street,  Columbia  Heights.) 


Precinct  and  I/Ocatxon. 
67th.  W.  8th  St.,  near  Surf  Ave. 

Coney  Island. 
68th.  86th  St.  and  5th  Ave. 
70th.  Bay  22d  St.  and  Bath  Ave. 
72d.   Ave.  U  and  E.  15th  St. 
73d.    1830  Brooklyn  Ave. 
74th.  154  Lawrence  Ave. 
76th.  4302  4th  Ave. 
77th.  Prospect  Pk.  (Parade  Gr'nd) 
78th.  677  5th  Ave.,  at  16th  St. 
79th.  67  6th  Ave.,  at  Bergen  St. 
80th.  Ave.  G,  near  E.  95th  St. 


Precinct  and  Location. 
82d.    35  Snyder  Ave.,  Flatbush. 
83d.    484  Liberty  Ave.,  East  N.  Y. 
85th.  2  Liberty  Ave.,  East  N.  Y. 
87th.  1661  Atlantic  Ave. 
88th.  653  Grand  Ave. 
89th.  44  Rapelyea  St.,  Red  Hook. 
90th.  17  Butler  St.,  near  Comt  St. 
91st.  59  Amity  St. 
:92d.   318  Adams  St.,  nr.  Myrtle  Av. 
93d.    72  Poplar  St. 
94th.  16  Ralph  Ave. 
95th.  627  Gates  Ave. 


Precinct  and  Location. 

96th.  298  Classon  Ave. 

97th.  179  Hamburg  Ave. 

98th.  148  Vernon  Ave. 

99th.  132  Flushing  Ave. 
101st.  2  Lee  Ave. 
102d.    171  Bushwick  Ave. 
103d.    263  Bedford  Ave. 
104th.  43  Herbert  St. 
105th.  145  Greenpoint  Ave, 
Traffic  D,  308  Classon  Ave.;  Bridge, 
179  Washington  St. 


Detective  Bureau — 10th  District,  Ave.  U  and  E.  15th  St.;  11th  District,  2  Liberty  Ave.;  12tU  District, 
154  Lawrence  Ave.;  14th  District,  72  Poplar  St.;  15th  District,  148  Vernon  Ave.;  16th  District,  2  Lee  Ave. 

Tenth  Inspection  District  takes  in  Precincts  67,  68,  70,  72,  73:  11th  District,  Precincts  80,  82,  83, 
85,  87,  88;  12th  District,  Precincts  74,  76,  77,  78,  79;  14th  District,  Precincts  89,  90,  91,  92,  93;  15th 
District,  Precincts  94,  95,  96,  97,  98,  99;  16th  District,  Precincts  101,  102,  103,  104,  105. 


898 


Hack  and  Cab  Fares  in  Manhattan  Borough. 


POLICE  FORCE  OF  NEW  YORK  CYTY —Continued. 


POLICE   STATION-HOUSES   IN   QUEENS. 


Phecinct  and  Location. 
l]6th.  Sherman  and  Catalpa  Sts., 

Glendale. 
UStli.  275   Church  St..  Richmond 

HiU. 


Precinct  and  Location. 
120th.  Flushing   Ave.   and   Fulton 

St.,  Jamaica. 
123d.   322    Boulevard,    Rocltaway 

Beach. 
125th.  300  B'dway,  Far  Rocltaway. 
18th  District,  Flusliing  Ave.  and 


PRECINCT    AND    LOCATION. 

109th.  85  4th  St.,  L.  I.  City. 
lUth.  152  Grand  Ave.,  Astoria. 
112th.  Broadway    and    Court   St. 

Newtown. 
113tli.  43  N.  Prince  St.,  Flushing 

Detective  Bureau — 17th  District,  85  4th  St.,  Long  Island  City 
Fulton  St.,  Jamaica. 

Seventeenth  Inspection  District  talces  in  Precincts  109,  111,  112,  113;  18th  District,  Precincts  116, 
118    120    123    125 

POLICE   STATION-HOUSES   IN   RICHMOND. 

Precinct  and  Location.  i  precinct  and  Location. 

60th.  116  Main  St.,  Tottenville.  65th.  1590  Richmond  Terrace,  West  New  Brighton. 

63d.    150  New  Dorp  Lane.  I  66th.  32  Beech  St.,  Stapleton. 

Detective  Bureau,  9th  District,  Municipal  Ferry  House,  St.  George. 

Total  expenditure  of  the  Police  Department  for  1917,  820,146,892.08;  of  which  salaries  of  the  force 
were  515,271,103.29. 

Total  on  Pension  Roll  January  1,  1918,  4,460;  total  pension  payments  in  1917,  52,553.229.40. 

Total  number  of  arrests  in  1917,  187,913;  convictions— Homicides,  83;  burglary,  1,629;  felonious  assault, 
1,231;  all  others,  141,607;  total  convictions,  144,560, 

Total  number  of  persons  killed  by  motor  vehicles,  441;  total  number  of  persons  Injured  by   motor 
vehicles,  12,805. 


LICENSE    FE 

(DEPARTMENT    OF 

Hoist,  General 825.00 

Special 1.00 

Peddler,  Horso  and  Wagon . .     8.00 

Push  Cart 4.00 

Basket 2.00 

Express 5.00 

Public  Cart  (Hor.ie) 2.00 

"      Motor 5.00 

Dirt  Cart.... 1.00 

Express  Driver 1.00 

Stand ,  Elevated  R.  R 10.00 

Theatrical 500.00 

Commuted 250.00 

Concert 500.00 

Commuted.  .150.00-450.00 


ES    IN    MANHATTAN  AND    THE 

LICENSES,    49    LAFAYETTE    STREEl , 
Amount.  Com'ted  $150.00-8450.00 

Richmond 100.00 

"  Commuted  50.00 

Employment  Agency 25.00 

"                 "  In  Lodg- 
ing Houses  25.00 

Common  Show 25.00 

Motion  Picture  Theatre 100.00 

Open  Air  Picture 50.00 

Shooting  Gallery 5.00 

Bowling  Alley 5.00 

Billiard  Table 3.00 

Public  Porter 1.00 

renewal .25 

Sight-Seeing  Car 10.00 


BRONX. 

NEW   YORK.) 

Pawnbrolier S500.00 

Second-hand  Dealer 15.00 

Junk  Shop 20.00 

Public  Taxicab 10.00 

Little  Taxlcab 5.00 

Public  Coach lO.CO 

Cab 5  00 

Hack  Driver 1.00 

Stand,  Newspaper    5.00 

Fruit 10.00 

Newspaper    and 

Fruit 15.00 

l3ootblack.  Chair. . .       5.00 

Stage  Coach 20.00 

Surface  Railroad  Car .. 20.00-50.00 
Public  Dance  Hall 50.00 


HACK  ^MD    CAB    FARES    IN    MANHATTAN    BOROUGH. 

The  legal  rate  of  fare,  of  which  an  official  copy  shall  be  furnished  by  the  Bureau  of  Licenses  and  carried 
by  every  licensed  haokman,  shall  be  as  follows:  ' 

Mileage  rates  charged  for  general  driving. 

Maximum  rates  of  fare  stiall  be  as  follows: 

Motor  Vehicles  (Except  Sight-Seeing  Cars) — For  not  more  than  two  passengers:  For  tlie  first  half- 
mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  30  cents;  for  each  succeeding  one-quarter  mile,  or  any  fraction  thei'eof,  40 
cents.  For  three  or  more  passengers:  For  the  first  half-mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  40  cents;  for  each 
succeeding  one-sixth  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  10  cents. 

Sight-Seeing  Cars — No  rates  are  hereby  established  for  sight-seeing  cars,  but  a  schedule  of  the  rates 
charged  for  each  trip  shall,  before  the  trip,  be  prominently  displayed  upon  the  car.  and  a  charge  greater, 
or  attempt  to  charge  any  passenger  a  sum  greater,  than  that  set  forth  in  said  scliedule  shall  be  deemed  a 
violation  of  this  article. 

Horse-Drawn  Vehicles — For  cabs:  For  the  first  mile,  or  any  fraction  tliereof,  50  cents;  for  each  suc- 
ceeding one-hall  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  20  cents.  For  coaches:  For  the  first  mile,  or  any  fraction 
thereof,  70  cents;  for  each  succeeding  one-halt  mile,  or  any  fraction  thereof,  30  cents.  Hourly  rates  (apply- 
ing only  to  horse-drawn  vehicles  when  shopping  or  calling,  and  not  including  park  or  road  driving,  nor 
driving  more  than  five  miles  from  starting  point):  For  the  first  hour,  or  any  part  thereof,  S1.50;  for  each 
additional  one-half  hour,  50  cents.  In  case  of  public  hacks  on  which  taximeters  are  not  affixed,  when 
driving  on  the  numbered  streets  or  numbered  and  lettered  avenues  in  the  Borough  of  Manhattan,  twenty 
blocks  north  and  south,  and  seven  blocks  between  tne  numbered  and  lettered  avenues  constitute  a  mile 
for  the  purpose  of  this  ordinance.  The  rate  card,  as  provided  for  hereafter,  shall  state  the  number  of  blocica 
constituting  a  mile  in  the  Borough  of  Manliattan. 

Applying  Both  to  Motor-Driven  and  Horse-Drawn  Vehicles:  For  waiting  time  at  the  rate  of  $1.50 
per  hour.  For  each  piece  of  luggage  carried  outside,  20  cents.  No  charge  shall,  however,  be  made  for 
hang  bags  and  suit  cases.     Ferriage  and  tolls  in  all  cases  to  be  paid  by  the  party  using  the  vehicle 

Any  violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  article,  or  any  charge  or  any  attempt  to  charge  any  passenger 
a  greater  rate  of  fare  than  that  to  which  the  public  hack  is  entitled  under  the  provisions  of  this  article, 
shall  render  the  offender  liable,  upon  conviction  thereof  before  any  City  .Magistrate,  to  a  fine  of  not  exceed- 
ing SIO,  or  in  default  of  payment  thereof  to  imprisonment  in  the  City  Prison  for  a  period  net  exceeding 
ten  days. 

Every  driver  of  a  public  hack.  Immediately  after  the  termination  of  any  hiring  or  employment,  must 
carefully  search  such  hack  for  any  property  lost  or  left  therein,  and  any  such  property,  unless  sooner  claimed 
or  delivered  to  the  owner,  must  be  taken  to  the  nearest  police  station  and  deposited  with  the  officer  in  charge 
within  twenty-four  hours  after  the  finding  thereof,  and  the  Captain  of  the  precinct  to  which  such  report 
shall  be  made  shall  forward  a  written  notice  to  the  Bureau  of  Licenses  with  brief  particulars  and  description 
of  the  property. 

Every  driver  of  a  public  hack  shall  have  the  right  to  demand  payment  of  the  legal  fare  In  advance, 
and  may  refuse  employment  unless  so  prepaid,  but  no  driver  of  a  public  hack  shall  otherwise  refuse  or 
neglect  to  convey  any  orderly  person  or  persons  upon  request  anywhere  In  the  city,  unless  previously  en- 
gaged or  unable  to  do  so. 

All  disputes  as  to  the  lawful  rate  of  fare  shall  be  determined  by  the  police  officer  in  charge  of  the  police 
station  neai'est  to  the  place  where  such  dispute  is  had. 


Piers  in  New  York  City. 


899 


PIERS    IN    NEW    YORK    CITY. 

MANHATTAN. 


Pier 
No. 
A&  1 
2-3 

4 
5-7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32-34 
35 
36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
66 
57 
53 


North  River. 
Pier 

Street.  No. 

Battery  Place.  59  W. 
r  Battery    Place    &        60  W. 

I      ^'Iorris.  61  W. 

Morris.  62  W. 

Morris  &  Rector  64  W. 

Rector.  65  W. 

Carlisle.  66  W. 

Albany.  67  W. 

Cedar.  68  W. 

Cortlandt  &  Dey.  69  W. 

Fulton.  70  W. 

Vesey  &  Barclay.  71  W. 
Barclay  &  Park  PI.        72  W. 

Park  PI.  73  W. 

Murray.  74  W. 

Warren.  75  W. 

Chambers.  76  AV. 

Duane.  77  W. 

Jay.  78  W. 

Hanlsoa.  79  W. 

Franklin.  SO  W. 

North  Moore.  81  W. 

Beach.  83  W. 

Hubert,  84  W. 

Laight.  85  W. 

Vestry.  86  W. 

Vestry.  87  W. 

Watts.  88  W. 

Canal.  89  W. 

Spring.  90  W. 
Spring  &  Charlton.        91  W. 

Charlton.  92  W. 

King.  93  W. 

W.  Houston.  94  W. 

Clarkson.  95  W. 

Leroy.  96  W. 

Morton.  97  W. 

Barrow.  98  W. 

Christopher.  99  W. 

W.  10th.  108  W. 

Charles.  113  W. 

Perry.          ^  114  W. 

W.  11th.  117  W. 

Bank.  118  W. 
Bethune  &  W.  12tli.      119  W. 

Jane.  121  AV. 

Gansevoort.  122  W. 

Bloomfleld.  123  W. 

W.  13th.  124  W. 

W.  14th.  125  W. 

W.  15th.  W. 
W.  16th. 


Street. 
18th. 
19th. 
21st. 
22d. 
24th. 
25th. 
26th. 
27th. 
28th. 
29tb. 
30th. 
31st. 
32d. 
33d. 
34th. 
35th. 
36th. 
37th. 
38th. 
39th. 
40th. 
41st. 
43d. 
44th. 
45th. 
46th. 
47th. 
48th. 
49th. 
50th. 
51st. 
52d. 
53d. 
54th. 
55th. 
56th. 
67th. 
58th. 
59th. 
70th. 
79th. 
80th. 
95th. 
96th. 
129th. 
131st. 
132d. 
133d. 
134  til. 
135tli. 
209tU. 


East  River. 


Pier 

No.  Street. 

4  Broad. 

5,  6,  7,  8  Coenties  Slip. 

9  Coenties  &  Old  Slip. 

10  Old  Slip. 

11  C5ouverneur  Lane. 
12-13  Wall. 

14  Maiden  Lane. 
15-16  Burling  Slip. 

17  Fulton. 

18  Beekman. 
19-20  Peck  Slip. 

21  Dover. 

22  James  Slip. 
26-27  Catharine. 

28  (old)    J  D  o  v"e  r  & 
\  Roosevelt. 

28  (new)  J  Catharine 

\  &  Market. 

29  Market. 

30  Pike  &  Market. 
31-32  Pike. 

33  Pike  &  Rutgers. 

34  Rutgers. 

36  Jefferson. 

37  Clinton. 

38  /   Clinton  &  Mont- 
i      gomery. 

39  Montgomery. 
40-46,  Incl.  J  Gouverneur 

\      &  Jackson 
50,  51,  52  /  Rivington    & 
\  Stanton. 

55  (new)  E.  3d. 

56  E.  4th. 

57  E.  5th. 

E.  6th  St.,  old  Pier  65. 

66  E.  18th. 

E.  7th  St.,  old  Pier  66. 

67  E.  19th. 

E.  8th  St.,  old  Pier  67. 

68  E.  20th. 

E.  9th  St.,  old  Pier  68. 

69  E.  21st. 

E.  10th  St.,  old  Pier  69. 

70  E.  22d. 


Pier 

No.  Street. 

E.  nth  St.,  old  Pier  70. 
E.  12th  St.,  old  Pier  71. 
E.  13th  St.,  old  Pier  72 

72  E.  24th. 

73  E.  25th. 

74  E   26th. 

76  E.  28th. 

77  E.  29th. 

78  E.  30th. 

79  E.  31st. 

80  E.  32d. 

81  E.  33d. 

85  E.  35th. 

86  E.  36th. 

87  E.  37th. 
89  E.  39th. 

96  E.  46tli. 

97  E.  47th. 
99  E.  49th. 

102  E.  60th. 

103  E.  6Ist. 

104  E.  62d. 
E.  86th. 

105  E.  90th. 

106  E.  91st. 

109  E.  94th. 

110  E.  95th. 

111  E.  96th. 

114  E.  99th. 

115  E.  100th 

116  E.  101st. 

117  E.  102d. 

118  E.  103d. 

119  E.  104th. 

122  E.  107th. 

123  E.  108th. 

124  E.  109th. 

125  E.  110th. 
127  E.  112th. 

131  E.  116th. 

132  E.  117th. 

133  E.  118th. 

134  E.  119th. 

135  E.  120th. 


KECUEATION    PIER3. 


Foot  of  Market,  E. 
Foot  of  E.  3d. 
Foot  of  E.  24  th. 
Foot  of  E.  112lh. 


R. 


R. 


Foot  of  Barrow,  N 
Foot  of  W.  50th. 
Foot  of  W.  129th. 
Foot  of  Albany,  N.  R. 


The  piers  at  the  foot  of  West  155th,  West  156lh,  West  167th  and  West  158th  Streets  have  not  beea 
numbered. 


BROOKLYN     PIERS. 


So.    OF    FULTON    ST. 

Location.      Pier  No. 

Bav  Ridge  Ave. 

65th  St. 

64th  St. 

63d    St. 

68th  St. 

57tli  St. 

56th  St. 

55th  St. 

54th  St. 

53d    St. 

62d    St. 

51st  St. 

50tU  St 1 

49th  St 2 

47th  St 3 

45th  St 4 

44th  St 5 

42d  St 6 

40th  St 7 


Location.      Pier  No. 

38th  St. 

36th  St. 

35th  St. 

33d    St. 

31st  St. 

30th  St. 

29th  St. 

28  th  St. 

27  th  St. 

26th  St. 

25th  St. 

24th  St. 

23d    St. 

Richards  St A,  B 

Conover  St 40 

Ferris  St 41 

Van  Dyck  St 40 

Coffey  St 39 

PioneerSt.,38,  37,  30 
President  St 35 


Location.      Pier  No. 

Ferry  Place 33 

Hamilton  Ave. 

DeOraw  St 32 

Sedgwick  St 31 

Irving  St 30 

Harrison  St 29 

Baltic  St 27 

Warren  St 26 

Amity  St 2i 

Pacific  St 22 

Joralemon  St.,  17,  16 

Montague  St 15 

Furmah  St.,   12,   11, 
10.  9,  8.  7.  6,  5,  4. 
Fulton  St. 


Pier  No 


Location. 
Adams  St. 
Pearl  St. 
Jay  St. 
Bridge  St. 
Gold  St. 
Hudson  Ave. 
Clinton  Ave. 
Fieenian  Ave. 
Washington  Ave. 
Soutii  6th  St. 
South  5th  St. 
Soutli  3d    St. 
South  2d    St. 
South  1st  St. 
Grand  St. 
North  1st  St. 
North  2d    St. 
North  3d    St. 
Nortli  4th  St. 
North  5th  St. 


Location.      Pier  No- 
North  6th  St. 
North  7th  St. 
North  8th  St. 
North  9th  St. 
North  10th  St. 
North  11th  St. 
North  12th  St. 
Oak  St. 
Noble  St. 
Milton  St. 
Kent  St. 
Java  St. 
Huron  St. 
Greene  St. 
Freeman  St. 
Eagle  St. 
Dupont  St. 
Whale  Creek. 
Wallabout  Basin,  1, 
2,  3,  4  and  5. 


No.    OF     FUl-TON    St. 

Dock  St 3,  2 

■Main  St 1 

\Va.shington  St. 

BRONX. 

E.  136th  St..  Port  Morris;    E.  ISStti  St..  l"'ort  Morris;    Tifiany  St.,  East  River;  Main  St.,  City  Island 
Fordham  Landing,  H.  R.;  Clason  Point  Road. 

QUEENS. 
Nott  Ave.;  Jamaica  Ave.;  Harris  .^ve.;  Whitestone  Landing. 

RICHMOND.  . 
Pier  loot  Harbor  Road;  Brady's  Pier;  Johnsons  Pier;  pier  at  Canal  St.  (Martens). 


900 


Public  Schools  of  Neio  York  City. 


WAR'S    EFFECT    ON    NEW    YORK    SCHOOL    CHILDREN. 

(From  a  New  York  City  Health  Depaitment  Bulletin.) 
The  Bureau  of  Child  Hygiene  has  completed  a  sui'vey  of  171,691  school  children  in  the  public  schools 
of  the  Borough  of  Manhattan,  all  who  were  in  attendance  at  the  time,  during  intensely  cold  weather.  That 
these  children  came  to  school  while  others  remained  at  home  would  seem  to  show  that  they  were  rather 
hardier,  from  a  physical  standpoint,  than  the  children  not  examined.  This  survey  was  made  for  the  sole 
pui'pose  of  determining  the  condition  of  nutrition  of  these'  children.  The  Dunfermline  scale  was  used. 
No.  1  means  a  child  who  is  perfectly  normal  from  the  nutritional  point  of  view.  No.  2  means  a  child  who 
is  in  passable  condition,  that  is,  one  who  i.s  not  perfectly  normal,  but  who  does  not  yet  have  the  stigmata 
of  undernourishment.  These  are  the  so-called  'borderline  cases"  and  any  pronounced  change  in  their 
living  conditions  would  undoubtedly  have  a  distinct  effect  upon  their  physical  condition.  No.  3  indicates 
a  child  who  is  distinctly  undernourished,  who  bears  the  stigmata  of  malnutrition  and  who  needs  immediate 
supervision  and  readjustment  of  life  and  environment.  No.  4  represents  a  child  so  seriously  undernourished 
as  to  need  immediate  medical  attention;  in  fact,  a  case  of  pronounced  malnutrition  or  marasmus.  In  this 
survey  of  171,691  children,  the  following  results  were  found:  No.  1,  29,781  (17.3%);  No.  2,  104,908 
(61.1%);  No.  3,  31,718  (18.5%);  No.  4,  5,284  (3.1%). 


Age. 

Number 
Examined . 

%  No.  3  or 
No.  4. 

AGE. 

Number 
Examined. 

%  No.  3  or 
No.  4. 

AGE. 

Number 
Examined . 

%  No.  3  or 
No.  4. 

6 

7 

8 

9 

14,259 
18,444 
20,033 
21,187 

22.5 
23.4 
24.3 
25.2 

10 

11 

12 

13 

21,439 
20,231 
19,443 
17,231 

23.4 

22.0 

19.6 

■     18.1 

14 

15 

10 

12,603 
5,702 
1,119 

15.4 
14.2 
12.1 

It  was  not  found  that  nationality  played  any  important  part  in  the  consideration  of  the  prevalence 
of  undernourLshment,  although  it  is  of  Interest  to  note  that  of  the  Italian  children  examined,  28.7%  were 
found  undernoui-ished.  These  Italian  children  comprised  23%  of  the  total  number  examined.  The  children 
from  Russia  and  Poland,  who  comprised  26%  of  all  the  children  examined,  were  found  undernourished  in 
19.8%  of  the  cases.  

PUBLIC    SCHOOLS    OF    NEW    YORK    CITY. 

Under  an  act  of  the  Legislature  (Chapter  786  of  the  laws  oj  1917)  a  new  Board  of  Education,  consisting  of 
seven  menibers,  as  against  forty-six  formerly  constituting  that  body,  was  appointed  by  the  Mayor  January  2, 
1918,  the  term  of  office  in  each  instance  being  seven  years. 

Public  education  in  New  Yorlc  City  began  with  the  founding  of  the  Free  School  Society  (after  1826 
the  Public  School  Society)  in  1805.  The  society  started  in  a  small  way,  depending  upon  private  subscrip- 
tions, but  soon  received  aid  from  the  city.  It  gradually  expanded,  and  imtil  1842  had  control  of  the  moneys 
supplied  for  educational  purposes  by  the  city  and  the  common  school  fund  of  the  State.  This  condition 
of  affairs  was  unique.  The  society,  being  under  the  direction  of  high-minded  citizens,  enjoyed  a  large  de- 
gree of  public  confidence.  So  anomalous  a  system  could  not  last,  however,  and  by  an  act  of  the  Legislature, 
passed  in  1842,  the  Board  of  Education  was  established.  The  Public  School  Society  continued  to  conduct 
its  sciiools  until  1853,  when,  by  mutual  consent,  they  were  all  tal?en  over  by  the  board.  The  society  at  that 
time  had  more  than  a  hundred  school^;  the  value  of  the  property  It  transferred  to  the  city  was  estimated 
at  $450,000,  and  during  its  existence  it  educated  some  600,000  children.  The  Board  of  Education  was  an 
elective  body  from  1842  to  1871,  the  members  being  chosen  first  by  wards,  and  from  1863  by  scaool  districts; 
since  1871  they  have  been  appointed  by  the  Mayor.  In  Brooklyn  a  Board  of  Education  was  created  in  1843; 
the  members  were  chosen  by  tlie  Common  Council  until  1862,  in  which  year  the  appointing  power  was  vested 
in  the  Mayor.  When  consolidation  took  effect,  in  1898,  separate  school  boards  were  provided  for  the  sev- 
eral boroughs  (Manhattan  and  the  Bronx  being  united),  with  a  central  Board  of  Education  (composed  of 
delegates  from  the  four  school  boards,  19  in  all)  having  charge  of  the  finances,  the  erection  and  repair  of 
buildings,  the  acquiring  of  site;,  the  purchase  and  distribution  of  supplies,  etc.  This  system  was  dropped 
on  the  revision  of  the  Charter  in  1901,  and  since  1902  there  has  been  one  Board  of  Education  for  the  city. 

The  Board  of  Superintendents,  consisting  of  the  superintendent  of  schools  and  eigtit  associate  super- 
intendents, has  large  powers  in  the  nomination,  promotion,  and  transfer  of  teachers,  the  recommendation 
of  text-books  and  scholastic  supplies,  the  determination  of  courses  of  study,  the  fixing  of  qualifications 
for  teachers'  licenses,  etc.  Its  important  acts  require  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Education.  There 
are  twenty-six  district  superintendents,  whose  duties  are  to  visit  schools  and  observe  the  work  of  teachers. 
The  Board  of  Examiners  (consisting  of  four  examiners)  conducts  all  examinations  for  would-be  teachers, 
and  prepares  eligible  lists.  The  school  superintendents  and  examiners,  as  well  as  the  supervisor  of  free 
lectures,  the  superintendent  of  school  buildings,  the  superintendent  of  school  supplies,  and  the  director 
of  attendance  (whose  duties  are  Indicated  by  their  titles),  have  terms  of  six  years  each.  The  Board  of 
Education  appoints  all  these  ofilcials  and  also  a  secretary,  an  auditor,  and  a  director  of  reference  and  re- 
search, having  no  fixed  term. 

The  regular  school  day  is  five  liours  in  length,  but  In  September,  1913,  it  was  decided  that  four  hours 
should  be  considered  full  time  for  classes  of  the  first-year  grades;  the  kindergarten  session  is  three  hours  in 
length. 

By  the  Equal  Pay  Law  of  1911  elementary  teachers  began  at  S720  a  year  and  were  increased  .S60  a 
year,  up  to  SI, 500;  in  the  upper  grades,  81,820  to  S2,260;  assistant  principals  and  heads  of  departments, 
52,400;  principals.  $3,500;  high  school  salaries,  from  S900  to  83,150;  training  school  teachers,  S1,000  to 
$3,250;  district  superintendents  and  examiners,  86,000;  associated  superintendents,  S6,50();  city  super- 
intendent, $10,000.  Late  in  1918  a  "bonus,"  or  temporary  increase,  at  the  rate  of  SlOO  a  year,  was  allowed 
the  rank  and  file,  covering  September  1  to  December  31;  and  the  Board  of  Education  put  in  a  request  to 
the  Board  of  Estimate  for  an  extra  allowance  of  83,500,000  for  salary  Increases. 

Early  in  1915  the  duplicate  school  plan  (practically  the  Gary  system)  was  adopted  in  two  schools, 
Public  School  45,  the  Bronx,  and  Public  School  89,  Brooklyn.  It  has  since  been  adopted  in  thirty  other 
schools  in  the  city. 

The  budget  appropriation  of  the  Department  of  Education  for  1918  was  $44,213,519,  of  which  S36,- 
684,613  constituted  the  fund  tor  teachers'  salaries.  For  1919  the  appropriation  requested  was  $46,104,330; 
($8,517,232  orthis  amount  is  for  administration,  etc.),  the  teachers'  salaries  fund  being  $37,589,098.  The 
number  of  elementary  schools  is  515 — 154  in  Manhattan,  179  in  Brooklyn,  56  in  the  Bronx,  95  In  Queens, 
and  34  in  Richmond^  The  number  of  high  schools  is  24.  There  are  also  three  training  schools  for  teachers, 
four  vocational  schools  and  three  truant  schools.  In  the  elementary  schools  there  are  1,602  men  and 
17,839  women  class  teachers;  in  the  high  schools  1,233  men  and  1,295  women.  In  the  trade  schools  there 
are  131  teachers.  One  hundred  and  fifty-five  attendance  officers  enforce  the  Compulsory  Education  Law. 
The  latest  available  figures  show  the  registered  attendance  up  to  September  11,  1918,  in  the  elementary 
schools,  as  follows:  Manhattan,  269,845;  Bronx,  108,969;  Brooklyn,  291,248;  Queens,  68,190;  Richmond, 
16,781;  total,  755,033,  as  against  an  average  attendance  of  664,885  in  1917. 

Number  on  part  time:  Elementary  schools,  40,238;  in  high  schools,  3,109;  total  on  part  time,  43,347. 
The  total  registration  of  students  in  the  high  schools  up  to  September  11  was  70,366;  in  the  training  schools, 
1,029;  in  the  vocational  schools,  2,241. 

Teachers  incapacitated  after  thirty  year.s'  service  are  retired  on  pensions  (half  pay). 


Schools  in  Manhattan  and  the  Bronx. 


901 


SCHOOLS    IN    MANHATTAN. 

(The  roster  of  the  Board  of  Education  is  elsewhere,  under  "Government  ol  the  City  ol  New  York".) 

ELEMENTARY    SCHOOLS. 


iNo. 

Location. 

NO. 

Location. 

No. 

"n9 

Location. 

1 

Henry,  Catharine  and  Oliver 

57 

176  E.  llSth  St. 

133d  and  134th  Sts.,  near  Stli 

Sts. 

58 

317  W.  52d  St. 

Ave. 

2 

116  Henry  St. 

59 
61 

226  E.  57th  St. 

E.  12th  St.,  near  Ave  B. 

120 

187  Broome  St. 

3 

Hudson  and  Grove  Sts. 

121 

102d  St.,  bet.  2d  and  3d  Aves. 

4 

Rivington  and  Pitt  Sts. 

122 

9th  St.  and  1st  Ave. 

5 

141st  St.  and  Edgecombe  Ave. 

62 

Hester,  Essex  &  Norfolk  Sts. 

124 

29  Horatio  St. 

6 

Madison  Ave.  and  85th  St. 

63 

3d  and  4th  Sts.,  e.  of  1st  Ave. 

126 

536  E.  12th  St. 

7 

Hester  and  Chrystie  Sts. 

64 

9th  and  10th  Sts.,  e.  of  Ave.  B. 

127 

515  W.  37th  St. 

8 

29  King  St. 

65 

Eldridge  and   Forsyth,   near 

130 

143  Baxter  St. 

9 

West  End  Ave.  and  82d  St 

Hester  St. 

131 

272  E.  2d  St. 

10 

1  I7th  St.  and  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 

66 

88th  St.,  near  1st  Ave. 

132 

182d  St.  and  Wadsworth  Ave 

11 

314  W.  17th  St. 

67 

114-124  W.  46th  St. 

134 

68  Pearl  St. 

12 

Madison  and  Jackson  Sts. 

68 

116  W.  128th  St. 

135 

51st  St.  and  1st  Ave. 

13 

239  E.  Houston  St. 

69 

125  W.  54th  St. 

137 

Grand  and  Essex  Sts. 

14 

225  E.  27th  St. 

70 

207  E.  75th  St. 

140 

116  Norfolk  St. 

15 

732  5th  St. 

71 

188-192  7th  St. 

141 

462  W.  58th  St. 

16 

208  W.  13th  St. 

72 

Lexington  Ave.  and  105th  St. 

147 

Henry  and  Gouverneur  Sts. 

17 

47th  and  48th  Sta.,  W.  of  8th 

73 

209  E.  46th  St. 

150 

95th  &  96th  Sts.,  e.  of  2d  Ave. 

Ave. 

74 

220  E.  62d  St. 

151 

91st  St.  and  1st  Ave. 

18 

121  E.  51st  St. 

75 

25  Norfolk  St. 

157 

St.  Nicholas  Ave.  &  127th  St. 

19 

344  E.  14th  St. 

76 

Lexington  Ave.  and  68th  St. 

158 

Aye.  A,  77th  and  78th  Sts. 

20 

Rivington  and  Forsyth  Sts. 

77 

Ist  Ave.  and  86th  St. 

159 

119th  St.,  bet.  2d  &  3d  Aves. 

21 

Mott  and  Elizabeth  Sts.,  bet. 

78 

Pleasant  Ave.  and  119th  St. 

160 

Rivington  and  Suffolk  Sts. 

Spring  and  Prince  Sts. 

79 

38  1st  St. 

161 

105  Ludlow  St. 

22 

Stanton  and  Sheriff  Sts. 

81 

119th  and  120th  Sts.,  near  7th 

162 

36  City  Hall  Place.     (Annex 

23 

Mulberry  and  Bayard  Sts. 

Ave.    (New    York    Model 

to  P.  S.  23). 

24 

128th  St.,  nr.  Madison  Ave. 

School.) 

165 

108th  and  109th  Sts.,  bet.  Am- 

25 

330  5th  St. 

82 

1st  Ave.  and  70th  St. 

sterdam  Ave.  and  B'way. 

26 

124 -W.  30th  St. 

83 

16  E.  110th  St. 

166 

89th  St.,  bet.  Amsterdam  and 

27 

41st  &  42d  Sts.,  E.  of  3d  Ave. 

84 

430  W.  50th  St. 

Columbus  Aves. 

28 

257  W.  40th  St. 

85 

let  Ave.  and  117th  St. 

168 

104th  and  105th  Sts.,  bet.  1st 

29 

Albany,      Washington      and 

86 

Lexington  Ave.  and  96th  St. 

and  2d  Aves. 

Carlisle  Sts. 

87 

Amsterdam  Ave.  and  77th  St. 

169 

Audubon     Ave.     168th     and 

30 

88th  St.,  bet.  2d  and  3d  Aves. 

88 

300  Rivington  St. 

169th  Sts. 

31 

200  Monroe  St. 

89 

Lenox  Ave.  and  134th  St. 

170 

11 1th  St.,  bet.  5th  and  Lenox 

32 

357  W.  35th  St. 

90 

147th  and   148th  Sts.,  w.  of 

Aves. 

33 

418  W.  28th  St. 

7th  Ave. 

171 

103d  and  104th  Sts.,  bet.  5th 

34 

108  Broome  St. 

91 

Stanton  and  Forsyth  Sts. 

and  Madison  Aves. 

35 

160  Chrystie  St. 

92 

Broome  and  Ridge  Sts. 

172 

108th  and  109th  Sts.,  bet.  1st 

36 

710  E.  9th  St. 

93 

Amsterdam  Ave.  and  93d  St. 

and  2d  Aves. 

37 

113  E.  87th  St. 

94 

68th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Ave. 

174 

Attorney  near  Rivington  St. 

38 

Clarke,  Dominick  &  Broome 

95 

West      Houston      St.,      near 

177 

Market  and  Monroe  Sts. 

Sts. 

Varick  St. 

179 

101st  and  102d  Sts.,  bet.  Co- 

39 

235  E.  125th  St. 

96 

Ave.  A  and  81st  St. 

lumbus  &  Amsterdam  Aves. 

40 

320  E.  20th  St. 

97 

Mangin  St.,  near  Stanton  St. 

183 

66th   and   67th   Sts.,   east   of 

41 

36  Greenwich  Ave. 

100 

138th  St.,  w.  of  5th  Ave. 

1st  Ave. 

42 

Hester,  Orchard  and  Ludlow 

101 

1  nth  St.,  w.  of  Lexington  Ave. 

184 

116th  and  117th  Sts.,  east  of 

Sts. 

102 

113th  St..  e.  of  2d  Ave. 

Lenox  Ave. 

43 

Amsterdam  Ave.  &  129th  St. 

103 

119th  St.  and  Madison  Ave. 

186 

145th   and    146th    Sts.,    near 

44 

Hubert  and  Colllster  Sts. 

104 

413  E.  16th  St. 

Amsterdam  Ave. 

45 

225  W.  24th  St. 

105 

269  E.  4th  St. 

188 

Manhattan,    East    Houston, 

46 

St.    Nicholas    Ave.    and    W. 

106 

Lafayette  St.,  near  Spring  St. 

Lewis  and  E.  3d  Sts. 

156th  St. 

107 

272  W.  10th  St. 

190 

82d  St.,  bet.  1st  and  2d  Aves. 

47 

225  E.  23d  St.    (Elementary 

108 

60  Mott  St. 

192 

136th  St.  &  Amsterdam  Ave. 

and  School  for  the  Deaf.) 

109 

99th  &  100th  Sts.,  e.  of  3d  Ave. 

Vocational   School  for  Boys, 

48 

124  W.  28th  St. 

110 

28  Cannon  St. 

138th  St.,  west  of  5th  Ave. 

49 

237  E.  37th  St.  (Vocational.) 

112 

83  Roosevelt  St. 

(P.  S.  100) . 

50 

211  E.  20th  St. 

114 

Oak,  Oliver  and  James  Sts. 

Murray     Hill     Vocational 

51 

519  W.  44th  St. 

115 

176th  and  177th  Sts.,  east  of 

School,  37th  St.,  west  of  2d 

52 

Broadway  and  Academy  St. 

St.  Nicholas  Ave. 

Ave.     (P.  S.  49.) 

53 

207  E.  79th  St. 

116 

215  E.  32d  St. 

Manhattan  Traae  School  for 

54 

Amsterdam  Ave.  &  104th  St. 

117 

170   E.    77th   St.    (Annex   to 

Girls,  209  E.  23d  St. 

56 

351  W.  18th  St. 

Julia  Rlchman  High.) 

Truant,  215  E.  21st  St. 

HIGH  Schools — De  Witt  Clinton,  10th  Ave.,  58th  and  59th  Sts.;  Wadleigh,  lUth  and  115th  Sts., 
W.  of  7th  Ave.;  Washington  Irving,  16th  and  17th  Sts.;  Commerce,  65th  and  66th  Sts.,  W.  of  Broadway: 
Stuyvesant,  15th  and  16th  Sts.,  near  1st  Ave.;  Julia  Richman,  60  W.  13th  St.  Training  School  lor  Teachers, 
119th  St.,  near  7th  Ave. 

THE    BRONX. 
ELEMENTARY    SCHOOLS. 


9 
10 
11 


College  Ave.  and  145th  St. 
3d  Ave.,  near  170th  St. 
157th  St.,  e.  of  Courtlandt  Ave. 
Fulton  Ave.  and  173d  St. 
2436  Webster  Ave. 
Tremont,   Bryant   and   Vyse 

Aves.,  West  Farms. 
Klngsbridge  Ave.  and   232d 

St. 
Mosholu    Parkway,    Bedford 

Park. 
486  E.  138th  St. 
Eagle  Ave.  and  163d  St. 
Ogden  Ave.,  Highbridge. 


12 

13 

14 

15 

16 
17 
18 

19 


Overing  St.,  Benson  &  Frisby 
Aves.,  Westchester. 

216th  St.  and  Willett  Ave., 
Williamsbridge. 

Eastern  Boulevard,  Throga 
Neck. 

5th  Ave.,  Eastchester.  (An- 
nex to  P.  S.  16.) 

Carpenter  Ave.,  Wakefield. 

Fordham  Ave.,  City  Island. 

Coiu-tlandt  Ave.,  near  148th 
St. 

234th  and  235th  Sts.,  Wood- 
lawn. 


20 
21 

22 

23 

24 

25 
26 
27 

28 


Fox,  Simpson,  and  167lh  Sts 
225th  &  226th  Sts.,  n'r.  White 

Plains  Ave. .Williamsbridge. 
599  E.  140th  St.     (Annex  to 

P.  S.  30.) 
165th  St.  and  Union  Ave.      ' 
Kappock  St.,  Spuyten  Duyvil. 

(Annex  to  P.  S.  7.) 
Union  Ave.  and  149th  St. 
Andrews  and  Burnside  Aves. 
St.    Ann's    Ave.,    147th    and 

148th  Sts. 
Tremont  &  Anthony  Aves.; 

Annex,  1787  Weeks  Ave. 


902 


Schools  in  Brooklyn. 


TH^  BRONX  ELEMENTARY   SCHOOLS- 

-Continued. 

NO, 

Location. 

No. 

Location. 

NO. 

Location. 

29 

Cypress  Ave.  and  136th  St. 

39 

Longwood   Ave.,   Kelly   and 

48 

Spofford    Ave.,    Coster    and 

•M) 

141st  St.  and  Brook-  Ave. 

Beclt  Sts. 

Faille  Sts. 

31 

Mott     and     Walton     Aves., 

40 

Prospect  Ave.,  Jennings  St. 

49 

26l8t  St..  Riverdale. 

144th  and  146th  Sts. 

aT?d  Ritter  PI. 

50 

Bryant     and     vyae  -  Aves., 

3?, 

183d  St.  and  Beaumont  Ave. 

41 

Olinville  Ave.  and  Magenta 

north  of  172d  St. 

Annex,  Boston  R'd,  Bronx- 

St.,  Olinville.      (Annex  to 

51 

158th  St..  Jacltson  and  Trin- 

dale. 

P.  S.  13.) 

ity  Aves.. 

33 

Jerome  and    Walton    Aves., 

42 

Claremont     Parkway     and 

52 

Kelly  St.,   east  of  Ave.   St. 

north  of  18-lth  St. 

Washington  Ave. 

John. 

34 

Amethyst    and    Victor    Sts., 

43 

Brown  PI.,   135th  and  136th 

53 

168th  bt.,  Findlay  and  Teller 

Van  Nest. 

Sts. 

Aves. 

35 

163d  St.,  Grant  and  Morris 

44 

Prospect  Ave.  and  176th  St. 

54 

Intervaie  Ave.,  Freeman  and 

Aves. 

45 

189th  and  Hoffman  Sts.  and 

Chisholm  Sts. 

36 

Blaclirock    Avenue,    Union- 

Lorillard  PI. 

55 

St.  Paul's  Place,  Washington 

port. 

46 

196th    St.,   Balnbridge    and 

and  ParK  Aves. 

37 

145th  and  146th  Sts.,  east  of 

Briggs  Aves. 

56 

207th  St..  Hull  and  Decatur 

Willis  Ave. 

47 

Randolph  St.,  Lawrence  and 

Aves.    {Annex  to  jf.  S.  8.) 

38    157th  St.  and  3d  Ave.              ' 

Beach  Aves. 

High  Schools — Morris,  166th  St.,  Boston  Rd.,  Jackson  Ave.:    Evander  Childs,  Randolph  St.,  Lawrence 
and  Beach  Aves.  (P.  S.  47). 

EVENING  HIGH  AND  TRADE  SCHOOLS,  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX. 


20 
27 

40 
62 


Rivington    and  Forsyth  Sts. 

(men) . 
202  E.  42d  St.,  Industrial  Art. 
DeWitt  Clinton  H.  S.,   59th 

St.  and  10th  Ave.  (men). 
Prospect  Ave.  and  Jennings 

St.  (women). 
Hester,    Essex    and    Norfolli 

Sts.  (women). 


184 


116th   St.,  near   Lenox  Ave. 

(men) . 
Wadleigh,  114th  St.,  near  7th 

Ave.  (women). 
Morris,  Jackson  Ave.,  Boston 

Road  and  166th  St.  (men). 
Stuyvesant    Evening    Trade, 

15th  and  16th  Sts.,  west  of 

1st  Ave.  (men). 


Harlem  Even'g  Trade,  138th 
and  139th  Sts.,  west  of  5th 
Ave.  (men). 

Murray  Hill  Evening  Trade' 
232  E.  38th  St.  (men). 

Washington  Irving,  Irving 
PI.,  16th  and  17th  Sts. 
(women). 


EVENING    SCHOOLS    FOR.  MALES,    MANHATTAN. 

2    116  Henry  St.                            1 

32 

357  W.  35th  St. 

77 

85th  St.  and  1st  Ave. 

16 

208  W.  13th  St. 

40 

320  E.  20th  St. 

79 

42  1st  St. 

22 

Stanton  and  Sheriff  Sts. 

5H 

52d  St.,  near  8th  Ave. 

109 

99th  St..  near  3d  Ave. 

25 

4th  and  5th  Sts.,  west  of  1st 

65 

Eldrldge,  near  Hester  St. 

147 

Henry  and  Gouverneur  Sts. 

Ave. 

70 

207  E.  76th  St. 

160 

Rivington  and  Suffolk  Sts. 

27 

41st  St.,  east  of  3d  Ave. 

FOR   MEN   AND    BOYS,    WOMEN    AND    GIRLS,    MANHATTAN. 


21 
29 


Elizabeth  St.,  near  Spring  St. 
Albany,     Washington     and 
Carlisle  Sts. 


43 
67 
83 


129th  St.  &  Amsterdam  Ave. 
120  W.  46th  St. 
216  E.  110th  St. 


89 
103 
114 


Lenox  Ave.  and  134th  St. 
119th  St.  &  Amsterdam  .\ve. 
Oak,  Oliver  and  James  Sts. 


EVENING 

SCHOOLS    FOR   FEMALES,   MANHATTAN. 

4  i203  Rivington  St.                      | 

38 

Clarke,  Domlnicli  and  Broome 

71 

190  7th  St. 

13 

239  E.  Houston  St. 

Sts. 

V2 

Lexington    Ave.,    105th    and 

14 

225  E.  27th  St. 

42 

Hester,  Orchard  and  Ludlow 

106th  Sts. 

17 

335  W.  47th  St. 

Sts. 

93 

154  Broome  St. 

19 

1 4th  St.,  near  1st  Ave. 

45 

24th  St.,  near  8th  Ave. 

157 

St.  Nicholas  Ave.  and  127th 

31 

Monroe  and  Gouverneur  Sts. 

59 

E.  57th  St.,  near  3d  Ave. 

St. 

HUNTER   COLLEGE, 

PABK  AVE.,  CORNER  EAST  SKTY-EIGHTH  ST. 

NEW   YORK  UNIVERSITY, 

TJNIVEESITT  HEIGHTS  AND  32  WAVERLEy  PLACE. 


COLLEGE    OF    THE    CITY    OF    NEW    YORK. 
AMSTERDAM  AVE.  AND   138TH  STREET. 

COLUMBIA   UNIVERSITY, 
WEST  116th  ST.,  NEAR  AMSTERDAM  AYE. 


SCHOOLS    IN    BROOKLYN. 

ELEMENTARY   SCHOOLS. 


No. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

t 

8 

9 

10 

II 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 


Location. 


Adams  and  Concord  sts. 
47th  St.,  near  3d  ave. 
Hancock,  near  Bedford  ave. 
Berkeley  pi.,  near  5th  ave. 
Tillary,  Bridge  &La\vr'e sts. 
AVarren,  near  Smith  st. 
York,  near  Bridge  st. 
Hicks,  MiddaghS  Poplar  sts. 
Sterling  pi.  &  Vanderbilt  av. 
7th  ave.  and  17th  st. 
Washington,  nearGreeneav. 
Adelphi,  uear  Myrtle  ave. 
Degraw,  near  Hicks  st. 
Navy  and  Concord  sts. 
3d  ave.  and  State  st. 
Wilson,  near  Bedford  ave. 
Driggs  ave.,  cor.  N.  5th  st. 
Maujer,  near  Leonard  st. 
8.  2d,  cor.  Keap  st. 
Uuiou  ave.  and  Keap  St. 


No. 


Location. 


McKibbin,  uear  jMauhat.  av. 
Java,  uear  Manhattan  ave. 
Coaselyea  &  Humboldt  sts. 
Arlon  pi.,  cor.  Beaver  st. 
Lafayette,  near  Sumner  av. 
Quincy,  uear  Ralph  ave. 
Nelson,  cor.  Hicks  st. 
Herkimer,  near  Ralph  ave. 
Columbia,  cor.  Amity  st. 
Conover,  Sullivan  &  Wolcott 
Diipont,  n'r  Manhattan  ave. 
Hoyt,  cor.  President  st. 
Heyward,  near  Broadway. 
Noi-niauave.and  Eckfordst. 
Decatur,  cor.  Lewis  ave. 
Stagg,  near  Bushwick  ave. 
S.  4th,  near  Berry  st. 
N.  7th,  near  Bedford  ave. 
6th  ave.,  cor.  8th  st. 
loth  St.,  near  4th  ave. 


No, 

41 

42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
51 
52 
53 
54 
65 
56 
67 
58 
69 
60 


Location. 


Dean,  cor.  New  York  ave. 
St.  Mark's  and  Classen  aves. 
Boerum,  nearManhat.  ave. 
Throop,  cor.  Putnam  ave. 
Lafaj'ette,  nearClasson  ave. 
Union,  uear  Henry  st. 
Pacific  &  Dean  sts.,nr.  3dav. 
18th  ave.  aud  67th  st. 
Maujer,  uear  Graham  ave. 
S.  3d  St.  and  Driggs  ave. 
Meekerav.,cor  Humboldt  St. 
Ellery,  near  Broadway. 
Troutman,  near  Central  ave. 
Walworth,  near  Myrtle  ave. 
Floyd,  near  Tompkins  ave. 
Busliwick  av.,  cor.  Mad'n  St. 
Reid  ave. ,  cor.  Van  Buren  sfc. 
Degraw,  near  Smith  st. 
Leonard,  near  Nassau  ave. 
4th  ave.,  cor.  SOtb  st. 


Schools  in  Queens  Borough. 


903 


ELEMENTARY  SCHOOLS  IN  BROOKLYN— Contimied. 


No. 

61 

62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 

80 

81 

82 
83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 
89 

9a 

91 
92 
93 
94 
95 
96 

97 

98 

99 

lUU 

lUl 

Iti'i 
1U3 
104 
105 


Location. 


Fulton  St.  and  N.  Jersey  ave. 

(Probationary  School). 
Bradford,  near  Liberty  ave. 
Hinsdale,  n'  r Glenmore  ave, 
Berrimau  andBelmout  aves. 
Richmond.n'rRidgewood  av. 
Osborn,  near  Sutter  ave. 
N.  Elliott  pi.,  near  Park  ave. 
Bush  wickav., C.Kosciusko  St. 
Ryerson  St.,  near  Myrtle  av. 
Patchen  ave.,  cor.  Macon  st. 
Hey  ward,  near  Lee  ave. 
Nevv  Lots  rd.,cor.Scheuck  St. 
McDougall,c.Rockawayave. 
Kosciusko  St., n'r  Broadway 
Evergreen  av.,cor.  Ralph  St. 
Wyoua,  near  Fulton  st. 
2d  St.,  near  6th  ave. 
Pacihc  St.,  near  Court  st. 
Kosciusko,  n'r  Siiniuer  ave. 

(Annex  to  P.  S.  25.) 
W.   17th  and  W.   19th  sts., 

near  Neptune  ave. 
Harway  ave.  and  Stryker  st. 
4th  ave., cor.  36th  st. 
Bergen, cor.  Schenectady  av. 
Gleumore,  cor.  Stoue  ave. 
Evergreen  ave.,cor.Cov'  t  st. 
Irving  ave.,  cor.  Harmau  st. 
Herkimer,  cor.  Radde  pi. 
Thames  st.,c.  Vanderv'  rt  pi. 
Newkirk  ave.,  cor.  K.  31st  st. 
Bedford  and  Church  aves. 
E.  New  York  &Albauy  aves. 
Rogers  ave.  &  Robinson  st. 
New  York  av.&  Herkimer  st. 
6th  ave.,  SOth  and  51st  sts. 
VauSicklen,  near  Neck  rd. 
Ocean  ave.     and    Ave.    U. 

(Annex  to  P.  8.  153.) 
Benson,  cor.  25th  ave. 
Ave.  Z,  cor.  E.  26th  st. 
Coney  Island  &  Elm  aves. 
W.  3d,  between  Park  pi.  and 

Sheepshead  ave. 
86th  St..  near  18th  ave.  (New 

Utrecht  H.S.) 
71st  St.  and  2d  ave. 
14th  ave.,  53d  &  54th  sts. 
92d  St.,  cor.  5th  ave. 
Ft.  Hamilton  av.,58th  &  59th 


No. 


106 

107 
108 
109 

110 
111 

112 
113 
114 
US 
116 
117 
118 
119 
120 
121 

123 
12« 
125 
126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 
132 
133 
134 
135 
136 
137 
138 

139 
140 
141 

142 
143 
144 

145 
146 

147 

148 


Location. 


Hamburg  and  Putnam  aves. 

and  Cornelia  st. 
8th  ave.  and  13th  st. 
Linwood,cor.Arlingtoii  ave. 
Dumont   ave.,   Powell    aud 

Sackman  sts. 
Monitor  st.  aud  Driggs  ave. 
Sterling  pi. ,c.Vanderbilt  av. 

(Annex  to  P.  S.  9.) 
15th  ave.,  71st  aud  72d  sts. 
Evergreen  ave.  &  Mortat  st. 
Remsen  ave.,  cor.  Ave.  F. 
E.  92d  St.,  near  Ave.  M. 
Kiiickerb' rave.,c.  Grove  st. 
Stagg  St.  aud  Busliwick  ave. 
o9th  St.  and  4th  ave. 
Ave.  K  and  E.  38th  st. 
Barren  Island. 
E.  55th  St.  aud  Ave.  C. 
Hairison  av.  &  Hey  ward  st. 
Irving  ave.  and  Suydara  st. 
4th  ave.  aud  13th  st. 
Blake  and  Thatford  aves. 
Bleserole  ave.  &  Guernsey  st. 
7th  ave.,  78th  and  79th  sts, 
21st  ave.,  83d  &  84th  sis. 
QuiDcy  St.,  near  Stuy  vesaut. 
Fort  Hamilton  av.&E.othst. 
Ft.  Hamilton  av.,  43d  &  44th 
Manhattan   aud  Met.  aves, 
Butler  St.,  bet.  4th  &  6th  aves. 
18t)i  av.,  u.  Ocean  Parkway. 
Church  ave.  and  E.  48tlist. 
4th  ave.,  40th  &  41st  ,sts. 
Saratogaav.  &  Baiubridge  st 
Prosp'  t  pi. ,  w,  of  Nosl'  d  ave 

(Brooklyn  Model  .Scliool.) 
Ave.  C,  E.  13tli  and  I4th  sts. 
60th  St.,  west  of  4tli  ave. 
Leonard,      McKil)bin     aud 

Boeruni  sts. 
Henry  and  Rapelye  sts. 
Havemeyer,  N.  6ihifc7tli  sts 
Howard   ave..  Prospect   pi. 

aud  St.  Mark' save. 
Central  ave.  and  Noll  st. 
18th  aud  19th  sts. ,  bet    6tli 

and  7th  aves. 
Bush  wick  ave.,  Seigel  &  Mc- 

Kibbin  sts. 
Elleryand  Hopkins  sts.,  near 

Delmouico  pi. 


No. 


149 

150 

161 

152 
163 
164 

165 
156 

157 
158 

159 

160 
162 

163 

164 
165 

166 
167 

168 

169 
170 

171 

172 
173 

174 

175 

176 
177 
178 
179 
180 


Location. 


Sutter  ave. ,  Vermont  aud 
Wyonasts. 

Christopher  ave.  &  Sackman 
St. ,  near  Belmon  t  ave. 

Knickerbocker  ave. ,  Halsey 
and  Weirfield  sts. 

Ave.  G,  E.  23d  and  24th  sts. 

Ave.  T  &E.  12th St., Home' st 

11th  ave.,Windsor  pi.  &  Sher- 
man St. 

E'  n  Parkway&  Herkimer  st. 

Sutter  ave.,  Barrett  &  Graf- 
ton StSi 

Kent  ave.,  near  Myrtle  ave. 

Belmont  ave..  Ash  lord  and 
Warwick  sts. 

Pitkin  ave.,  Hemlock  and 
Crescent  sts. 

Ft. Ham.  ave.,  51st  &  52d  sts. 

St.  Nicholas  aud  Willoughby 
aves.  aud  Suydam  st. 

Benson  and  17th  aves.  aud 
Bay  14th  st. 

14ih  ave.,  42d  aud  43d  sts. 

Lott  and  Hopkiuson  aves. 
and  Am  boy  St. 

S.  4th  St. ,  near  Havemeyer. 

Schen '  d  y  ave.  &  East.P'  way. 

Throop  ave.  Bartlett  and 
Whipple  sts. 

7th  ave. ,  43d  and  44th  sts. 

6th  and  Hiewart  aves.,  71st 
and  72d  sts. 

Bidgewood,  Lincoln  and 
Nichols  aves. 

4tb  ave.,  29tli  &  30th  sts. 

Peuusylvania  ave.  bet.  Liber- 
ty aud  Glenmore  aves. 

Dumont,  A  labamaand  Will- 
iams aves. 

Blake  &  Hopkinson  aves.  & 
Bristol  St. 

12th  &  Bay  R' e  aves.&  68th  st. 

Ave.  P  and  West  ave. 

Dean  st.,  near  Saratoga  ave. 

Ave.  C,  East  2d  and  3u  sts. 

18th  ave.  and  67th  St. 

Truant,  Jamaica  ave.,  opp, 
Enfield  St. 

VocationalJay  &  Nassau  sts. 


HIGH    SCHOOLS. 


GlrU'  High  School. 
Boys'  High  School. 
MaDnal  Training.... 

Bush  wick 

Bay  Kidge 


Noslrand  ave.,  cor.  Halsey  st. 

Putnam,  cor.  alarcy  ave. 

7th  ave.,  4tk  and  5lh  sts. 

Irving  ave.,   Madison  Jc  Woodbine  sts. 

4th  aye.,  67th  and  Senator  sts. 


Erasmus  Hall 

Eastern  District.... 

Commercial 

New  Utrecht. 


I'^latbush  ave.,  uear  Church  ave. 
Marcy  av.,  Koduey  and  Keap  sts. 
Albany  ave.,  Bergen  aud  Uean  sts. 
86th  St.,  near  18th  ave. 
Training  School  for  Teachers,  Tark  pi.,  west  of  Nostraud  ave. 


EVENING  ScHOOLa — Night  sessions  are  held  for  men  and  boys  at  Schools  Nos.  13,  17,  43,  45,  84,  109,  145. 
For  women  and  girls,  Nos.  15,  18,  26,  123,  141,  150.  For  men  and  boys,  women  and  girls,  Nos.  5,  40,  92,  112, 
120,  126,  136,  144,  148,  156,  158,  164.  Eastern  Evening  High  School  for  men,  held  in  P.  S.  No.  122:  Brook- 
lyn Evening  High  School  for  men,  held  in  Boys'  High  School  Building;  Central  Evening  High  Scliool  for 
women,  held  in  Girls'  High  School  Building;  Williamsburg  Evening  High  School  for  women,  held  in  Eastern 
District  High  School:  Evening  Technical  and  Trade  School,  held  in  Manual  Training  High  School;  South 
Brooklyn  Evening  High  School  for  men,  held  In  Public  School  No.  94;  New  Lota  Evening  High  School, 
held  in  Public  School  No.  149:  Bay  Ridge  Evening  High  School  for  women,  held  in  Public  School  No.  140; 
Bushwick  Evening  Trade  School  for  men  and  hoys,  women  and  girls,  400  Irving  Ave. 


SCHOOLS  IN  QUEENS  BOROUGH. 

'    ELEMENTARY   SCHOOLS. 


No. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
S 


Location. 


9th    St.    and    Van    Alst    av. 

L.  I.  City. 
Hulst  St.,  and  Nott  av.,  L.  I 

City. 
Colonial   av.   and    Euclid  st. 

Forest  Hills. 
Prospect    and'  Crescent    sts. 

near  Beebe  av..  L.  I.  City. 
Academy  St.,  near  Grand  av. 

L.  L  City. 


No. 


Location. 


Stelnway  av.,  near  Jamaica  av., 

L.  I.  City 
Van  Alst  av.,  near  Flushing  av., 

L.  I.  Clt.v. 
Stelnway   av..    near    DItmars 

av.,  L.  I.  City. 
Munson  St.,  near  Fulton  av., 

L.  I.  City. 
Flushing  av..  Bowery  Bay. 
Woodslde  av.,  Woodslde. 


No. 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 


Location. 


Woodslde  av.,  WInfleld 
Irving  pi.,  Elmhurst. 
Fairview  av.,  Corona  Heights. 
Junction  av..  Corona. 
Sycamore  av..  Corona. 
Myrtle  av..   Corona. 
Corona  av.,   Corona. 
Evergreen  av..  Corona. 
Sanford    av.    and    Union   at. 
Flushing. 


904 


Schools  in  Richmond  Borough. 


ELEMENTARY  SCHOOLS  IN  QUEENS  BOROV GB.—C(mttnued. 


No. 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 
33 

34 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

40 

41 

42 

43 

44 

45 
46 


Location. 


Washington    and    Union    st3 

Flushing. 
Sanford  av.  and  Murray  st 

Flushing. 
Whitestone  av.  and  State  st 

Flushing 
Queens    and    Robinson    avs., 

Flushing. 
Jamaica  av.,  head   of  Vlelgh 

Flushing. 
Fresh     Meadow     and     Black 

Stump  rds..  Flushing. 
13th   St.    &    1st   av..    College 

Point. 
6th  St..  bet.  1st  and  2d  avs., 

College  Point. 
16th  St.  and  6th  av..  College 

Point. 
11th    av.       and       19th      St.. 

Whitestone. 
Bell  av.,  Bayslde. 
Madison  av.   and   Cedar   St.. 

Creedmoor. 
Springfield  rd.  and  HoUls  av., 

Queens. 
Palatlna   and    Prospect   avs., 

Hon  is. 
Everett  st.  and   Central  av., 

St.  Albans. 
HIgble  av  and  Springfield  rd., 

Springfield. 
Foster's    Meadow    rd..    Rose- 
dale. 
State   St.    and    Roanoke   av., 

Far  Rookaway. 
Pacific  and   Union   Hall  sts., 

Jamaica. 
Crocheron  and  Franklin  avs., 

Bayside. 
Boulevard   and    Vernam   av., 

Rockaway  Beach. 
Washington     av.,     Rockaway 

Park 
Boulevard  and  Academy  av., 

Rockaway    Beach. 
Three-mile  rd..  Jamaica  South 
Old  South  rd..  Aqueduct. 

Annex,  Glen  Morris. 


No. 

48 

49 
60 

51 
53 

54 

55 

66 

57 

58 

59 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

66 

66 

68 

71 
72 
73 
74 

76 

76 


Location. 


Church    sts.,    Ja 

Jamaica. 
■  Talfourd  Lawn 


Hill 
av., 

St., 


South    and 
malca. 

Brenton    av 

Wyckoff   St., 
Jamaica. 

Johnson  av.,    Richmond 

Elm  St.     near    Atlantic 
Richmond    Hill. 

Hillside  av.  and  Sherman 
Richmond  Hill. 

Maure  av.  and  Beaufort  st. 
Richmond    Hill. 

Orchard  av.  and  Elm  st. 
Richmond    Hill. 

Curtis  av..  near  Broadway, 
Morris  Park. 

Walker  and  Grafton  avs 
Wobdbaven. 

University  pi.  and  Rockaway 
rd..    Woodhaven, 

2d  St.,  near  Shaw  av..  Wood- 
haven 

Elm  St..  near  Union  pi.,  Brook- 
lyn Hills.  (Richmond  Hill 
P.  O.) 

Washington  av.,  near  Broad- 
way, Chester  Park,  Wood- 
haven. 

Old  South  rd..  near  Wood- 
haven  rd.,  Woodhaven. 

Broadway,  near  Spruce  St., 
Woodhaven. 

Snedeker  av.  and  2d  St.,  South 
Woodhaven. 

Union  pi.  and  Tulip  st.,  Brook- 
lyn Hills.  (Ri'm'd  Hill  P.O.) 

Bergen  and  Rathjen  avs..  Ever- 
green. 

Forest  av..  East  Williamsburg. 

Maspeth    av.,    Maspeth. 

Lexington   av.,   Maspeth. 

Woodward  av.  and  Starr  st. 
Metropolitan.  (B'klyn(P.O.) 

Bleecker  st.  and  Covert  av., 
Ridgewood. 

Montgomery  &  Congress  avs.. 
Laurel   Hill. 


iNo.l 
"77 
78 

79 

80 

81 

82 

83 

84 

85 

86 

87 

88 

89 

90 

91 

92 

93 

94 

95 

96 

97 

99 
100 
101 


Location. 


Covert  av..  Centre  and  George 

sts.,  Ridgewood  Park. 
Maurice  av.  and  Carroll  pi., 

Winfleld. 
7th  av.  &  14th  St.,  Whitestone. 
Greenpoint  av..  near  Bradley 

av.,   L.   I.   City. 
Cypress  av.,  Ralph  and  Bleeck- 
er sts..  Evergreen. 
Kaplan    av.,    Hammond    and 

Horton  sts.,  Jamaica. 
Vernon   av.,   bet.   Pierce  and 

Graham  avs.,  L.  I.  City. 
Albert  and  Theodore  sts..  near 

Dltmars  av.,  L.  I.  City. 
DeBevolse  av.,  near  Woolsey 

av.,   L.   I.   City. 
Old  Flushing  av.,  near  Grand 

St.,  Maspeth. 
Washington   av.   and   Pulaski 

St.,   Middle  Village. 
Elm  av.  and  Fresh  Pond  rd., 

Ridgewood  Heights. 
Orchard  av.,  5th  and  6th  sts., 

Elmhurst. 
Washington  av.,  near  Jamaica 

av.,    Richmond   HiU. 
Central,  Folsom  and  Fosdick 

avs.,  Glendale. 
Hayes  av.,  42d   and  43d  sts.. 

North  Corona. 
Forest    and     Putnam    Aves., 

Ridgewood  Heights. 
Old  House,  Landing  rd.,  Lit- 
tle Neck. 
Larremo-e,  Harvard  and  Yale 

av.,  Jamaica. 
Rockaway  rd.  and  Lincoln  av.. 

South  Ozone  Park. 
Yarmouth    and    Shipley    sta., 

Woodhaven. 
Kew  Gardens. 
Glen  Morris. 
Children's  lane  and  Russell  pi.. 

Forest  Hills  Gardens. 
Parental  School,  Jamaica  rd.. 

Flushing. 


HIGH   SCHOOLS. 


Training, 

Bryant. . 
Jamaica. 


Flushing  and  Highland  avs.,  Ja- 
maica. 
Academy  and  Radde  sts.,  L.  I.  City. 
Hillside  av.,  Jamaica. 


Newtown 

Flushing 

iFar  Rockaway. 
[Richmond  Hill. 


Chicago  av..  Elmhurst. 
Broadway,  Flushing. 
Far  Rockaway.  IHllI. 

Ridgewood  &  CedaravB.,  Richmond 


SCHOOLS  IN   RICHMOND  BOROUGH. 

ELEMENTARY    SCHOOLS. 


No.! 

1! 

2 

3 
4 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

16 


Location. 


Academy  pi.,  TottenvUle. 

Wiener  st..  Richmond  Valley- 
(Prlnce  Bay,  P.  O.) 

School  St.,  Prince  Bay. 

Fresh  KlU  rd.,  Krelschervllle. 

Amboy  rd..   Huguenot. 

RossvUIe  av.,  Rossvllle. 

Fresh  Kill  rd..  Green  Ridge. 

Llndenwood  av..  Great  Kills. 

Knight   av..    New   Dorp. 

Richmond   rd..   New   Dorp. 

Jefferson  st..  Dongan  HUfe. 

Steuben  St.,  Stapleton. 

Pennsylvania   av.,   Rosebank. 

Broad  and  Brook  sts..  Staple- 
ton. 

Grant  St.,  TompklnsvIUe. 


No. 
16 
17 
18 
19 

20 
21 
22 

23 
24 


Location. 


Madison  av.,  TompklnsvIUe. 
Prospect  av..  New  Brighton. 
Broadway,  W.  New  Brighton. 
Greenleaf     av..     West     New 

Brighton. 
Heberton  av..  Port  Richmond. 
Sherman  st.,  Port  Richmond. 
Richmond     av..   GranltevlUe. 

(Port   Richmond   P.    O.) 

Andros  av..  Mariners'  Harbor. 

Washington  av.,  Summervllle. 

(P.  O.,  Port  Richmond;  R. 

F.  D.) 
Chelsea  rd.,  Bloomfleld.  (P.  C, 

Port  Richmond;  R.  F.  D.) 
Richmond  turnpike,  Llnoleum- 

vllle. 


No. 

27 

28 
29 
30 
31 

32 
33 

34 


Location. 


Richmond  av..  New  Sprlng- 
vUIe. 

Centre  St.,  Richmond. 

Manor  rd..  W.  New  Brighton. 

PIsk  av.,  W.  New  Brighton. 

Pleasant  av.,  Bogardus  Cor- 
ners.  (Prince  Bay  P.  O.) 

Osgood  av.,  Stapleton. 

Washington  av..  Grant  City. 
(Midland   P.  O.) 

Fingerboard  rd.,  Rosebank. 


HIGH   SCHOOL. 


Curtis  —  Hamilton    av.    and   St. 
Mark's  pi..  New  Brighton. 


ATHLETIC   FIELDS. 

Under  the  Jurisdiction  of  the  Board  of  Education — Brooklyn  Field,  East  17th  Street,  Avenues  J  and 
K,  Brooklyn;  Astoria  Field,  Orchard  and  Munson  Streets,  Astoria,  Long  Island;  Cui-tis  Field,  Hamilton 
Avenue  and  St.  Marks  Place,  New  Brighton,  Staten  Island;  Seventh  Ward  Field,  Clinton,  Cherry  and 
Water  Streets,  New  York  City. 

The  elementary  schools  throughout  the  city  are  graded,  mostly,  from  K  (kindergarten),  to  8  B.  Some 
run  to  4  B,  some  to  4  A. 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 


905 


CHURCHES    IN    MANHATTAN    AND    BRONX. 


BAPTIST. 


Baptist  Ministers'  Conference  meets 

every  Morulav  at  11    A.   M.,  at 

SO  East  SI  St   St.,   cor.   Madison 

Ave.    Rev.  C.  Wallace  Petty,  Sec'y. 
Abyssinian,  242  W.  40th  St. 
Alexander  Ave.,  cor.  E.  141st  St. 
Amity,  7th  Ave.,  54th  St. 
AscensiOD.  295  E.  I60th  St. 
Baptist  Temple,  159  W.  I32d  St. 
Betbesda  Christian  (Col.),  229  W. 

61st  St. 
Bethlehem,  235  E.  127th  St. 
Calvary,  W.  57th  St.,  bet.  6th  and 

7th  Aves.    Chapel,  239  W.  69th 

St. 
Cedar  Hill,  40  Cornelia  St. 
Central,  Amsterdam,   129  W.  S9th 

St. 
Central  Park,  E.  83d  St.,  bet.  2d 

and  3d  Aves. 
Church  of  God,  Saints  ot  Christ, 

247  W.  61st  St. 
Collegiate  Baptist  of  tbe  Covenant, 

327  W.  33d  St. 
Creston   Ave..   E.    ISStti   St.,   cor. 

Creston  Ave. 
Day  Star  (Col.),  512  W.  I57th  St. 
Eagle  Ave.,  921  Eagle  Ave. 
Ebenezer    (Primitive),    (Col.),    In- 
tervale Ave.,  cor.  Home  St. 
Emmanuel,  6  Lawrence  St. 
Fifth  Ave.,  8  W.  46th  St. 
First,  W.  79th  St.,  cor.  Broadway. 
First     Bohemlan-Slovalt,    355    E. 

68  th  St. 
First  German,  336  E.  14th  St. 
First  German  of  Harlem,   220  E. 

1 18th  St. 
Fii'st  Hungarian,  235  E.  83d  St. 
First  Italian,  Oliver  and  Henry  Sts. 
First  Lettish,  Oliver  and  Henry  Sts. 
First  Mariner's,    (Mariners'  Tem- 
ple), Oliver  and  Henry  Sts. 
First  Swedish,  E.  55th  St.,  bet.  3d 

and  Lexington  Aves. 
First  Union  of  tlie  Bronx,  367  E. 

158th  St. 
Fordham   (Italian  Mission),  Loril- 

lard  PI.,  cor.  E.  I87th  St. 
Fort  Washington,   124  Wadsworth 

Ave. 
Fountain,  2150  5th  Ave. 
Grace,  Prospect  Ave.  and  Ritter  PI. 
Harlem,  219  E.  123d  St. 
Hope,  cor.  104th  St.  and  Broadway. 
House   of    Prayer,    2117    Madison 

'Ave.  '^^ 

Immanuel  (German),  411  E.  75th. 
Italian,  187th  St.  and  Lorillard  PI. 
Judson  Memorial,  55  Washington 

Sq.  S. 
Madison  Ave.,  cor.  Madison  Ave. 

and  E.  31st  St. 
Mariners'  Temple,  Oliver  and  Hen- 
ry Sts. 
Metropolitan,   W.   138th  St.,  bet. 

Lenox  and  7th  Aves. 
Mount  Calvary,  HE.  134th  St. 
Mount  Gilead  (Col.),  39  E.  132d  St. 
Moimt  Moriah,  46  W.  133d  St. 
Mount  Morris,  5th  Ave.,  near  w. 

127th  St. 
Mount   Olivet    (Col.),  101  W.  53d 

St. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Boston  Rd.,  near 

Vyae  Ave. 
North,  234  W.  11th  St. 
N.  Y.  City  Bapt.  Mission,  166  2d 

Ave.  ,  „ 

Pilgrim.  258  m.  133d  St. 
St.  Paul  (Col.).  352  W.  35th  St. 
Second  Ave.,  164  2d  Ave, 
Second  German.  407  W.  43d  St. 
Sharon,  137  E.  103d  St. 
Shiloh.  232  W.  124th  St. 
Sixteenth,  257  W.  16th  St. 
Tabernacle,  22  W.  133d  St. 
Third  German,  1127  Fulton  Ave. 


BAPTIST— Continued. 
Timothy,  255  W.  30th  St. 
Tremont,  322  E.  Tremont  Ave. 
Trinity    (Col.),   808   E.   224th   St., 

near  Barnes  Ave. 
Union,  204  W.  63d  St. 
Unity  (Col.),  70  W.  99th  St. 
Walker's  Memorial,  39  E.  132d  St 
Washington  Heights,  145th  St.  and 

Convent  Ave. 
West  Side  Tabernacle,  W.  119th  St., 

near  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 
Zion  (Col.),  2148  5th  Ave. 

CATHOLIC  APOSTOLIC. 
Apostolic  Assembly,  202  E.  56th  St. 
Catholic  Apostolic,  417  W.  57th  St. 
Harlem  (German),  202  W.  114th  St. 

CATHOLIC  {GREEK,  ETC.). 

Annunciation  (Greek),  310  W.  54th 
St. 

Hellenic  Eastern  Christian  Or- 
thodox (Holy  Trinity),  153  E. 
72d  St. 

Russian  Orthodox,  121  E.  7th  St. 

St.  George  (Ruthenlan),  28  7th  St. 

St.  Mary's,  E.  13th  St.,  near  3d  Ave. 

St.  IVicholas  Cathedral  (Russian), 
19  E.  97th  St.  (See  also  "Roman 
Catholic"). 

St.  Vladimir,  233  E.  17th  St. 
CHURCH    OF    CHRIST 
(SCIENTIST). 

Bedford  Park  Society,  2562  Briggs 

First,  i  W.  9Gth  St. 

Second,  10  W.  68th  St. 

Third,  35  E.  125th  St. 

Fourth,  Fort  Washington  Ave.  and 

178th  St. 
Fifth,  34  W.  43d  St. 
Seventh,  B'way  and  103d  St. 
Sixth,  1935  Anthony  Ave.,  Bronx. 
Society,  390  E.  Fordham  Rd.,  Bed- 
ford Park. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 
Armenian  Evangelical.  207  E.  30th. 
Bedford  Park,  Bainbridge  Ave.  E., 

cor.  E.  201st  St. 
Bethany,  455  10th  Ave. 
Bethlehem   (Swedish-Finnish),   632 

E.  135th  St. 
Broadway   Tabernacle,    Broadway 

and  56th  St. 
Camp  Memorial,  141  Chrystie  St. 
Christ,  Concourse,  cor.  E.  175th  St. 
Claremont    Park,    167th    St.,    cor. 

Teller  Ave. 
First,   of   Morrisania,    Forest   Ave. 

and  E.  166th  St. 
Forest  Ave.,  E.  166th  St.  and  For- 

pat     A  1/A 

Harlem,  22  E.  131st  St. 
Manh.attan,  W.  76th  St.  and  B'way 
North  New  York,  E.  143d  St.,  near 

Willis  Ave. 
Pilgrim,  Madison  Ave.,  cor.  R.  121st 

St. 
Swedish  Evangelical  Bethesda,  138 

E.  .50th  St. 
Swedish     Evangelical     Immanuel, 

308  W.  139th  St. 
Trinity,  Washington  Ave.,  cor.  E 

176th  St. 
Welsh,  206  E.  11th  St. 

DISCIPLES    OF    CHRIST. 
Central,  142  W.  Slst  St. 
Russian,  63  E.  2d  St. 
Second,  599  E.  169th  St. 
EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION 
Dlngeldeln     Memorial     (German) , 

429  E.  77th  St. 
First   Church   of   the   Evangelical 

Association,  424  W-  55th  St. 
St.    Paul's    of    Westchester,    213G 

Newbold  Ave. 
Zion  (German),  Stebbius  Ave.  near 

Chlsholm  St. 


FRIENDS. 
Meeting  House  (Hicksite),  E.  15tl' 

St.  and  Rutherfurd  PI. 
Meeting  House  (Orthodox),  144  E. 

20th  St. 
New  York   Colored   Mission    (Or- 

thodo.x).  225  W.  30th  St. 

JEWISH. 
Adereth  El.  135  E.  29th  St. 
Agudath  Achlm.  169  W.  140th  St. 

316  E.  92d  St. 
Agudath  Jeshorim,  115  E   86th  St. 
Ahawath    Chesed    (Shaar    Hasho- 

mayim).  652  Lex.  Ave. 
Anshe  Chesed,  W.  114th  St..  cor. 

7th  Ave. 
Anshe  Emeth.  448  W.  152d  St. 
Anshe  Slabodke.  18  W.  114th  St. 
Anshe  Yagustaver.  122  W.  129th  St. 
Atereth  Israel.  323  E.  82d  St. 
Beth  Hamedrash  Hagodol.  64  Nor- 
folk St. 
Beth  Hamedrash  Hagodol  I>esfar- 

dim,  8  W.  113th  St. 
Beth  Israel  Bikur  Cholim,  72d  St. 

and  Lexington  Ave. 
Berech  Emunah,  W.  4th  St. 
B'nai  Abraham  Plotz,  25  W.  113tli 

St. 
B'nai  Anshe  Zamant,  159  E.  llSt'ii 

St. 
B'nai  Israel,  225  E.  79tli  St. 
B'nai  Jeshurun.  Madison* Ave.  and 

65th  St. 
Charri  Zedek,  23  W.  118th  St. 
Cheora    Bechurlm,    1139    Prospect 

Ave. 
Cheora  Tlkvath  Zion,  1139  Union 

Ave. 
Congregation   Adath    Israel,    1591 

Washington  Ave.;  553  E.   169th 

St. 
Congregation   Ahawath  Israel,   W. 

160th  St.,  near  Amsterdam  Ave. 
Congregation  Beth  Abraham,   534 

E.  146th  St. 
Congregation  Beth  Hamedrosh  Ha- 
godol, 110  E.  105th  St. 
Congregation  Beth  Israel,  252  W. 

35th  St. 
Congregation  Beth  Israel,  347  E. 

121st  St. 
Congregation  Orach   Chalra.   Lex- 
ington Ave.,  near  95th  St. 
Congregation    Pincus    Elijah.    118 

W.  95tb  St. 
Emunath  Israel.  301  W.  29th  St. 
Ez  Chaim,  107  E.  92d  St. 
First  Galioian,  87  Attorney  St. 
First  Hungarian  Cong.  Oheb  Zedek, 

18  W.  116th  St. 
First   Roumanian   Am.   Congrega- 
tion, 91  Rivlngton  St. 
Free  Synagogue,  Carnegie  Hall. 
Glory  of  Israel,  1038  Prospect  Ave. 
Hope  of  Zion,  1141  Union  Ave. 
Isaiah  Temple,  209  W.  95th  St. 
Judah  Halevl,  165th  St.  and  Morri:: 

Ave.     , 
Khal  Adath  Jeshurun,  127  Hoe  Ave. 
Kehllath  Israel,  1162  Jackson  Ave. 
Kehllath  Jeshurun,  117  E.  85th  St 
Khal  Adath  Jeshurun,  63  E.  113tL 

St. 
Kol  Israel   Anchl  Poland,  26  TV. 

114th  St. 
Leches  Yosher,  317  E.  8th  St. 
Machzlkel  Torah,  292  Madison  St. 
Magyar,  233  E.  116th  St. 
Miahkln  Israel,  85  E.  110th  St. 
Movmt    Neboh.    2005    Amsterdarr. 

Nachlath  Zevl,  59  E.  109th  St. 

New  Synagogue,  43  W.  86th  St. 

Nusach  Hoarl.  1449  Washlngtoi 
Ave 

Rodeph  Sholom,  63d  St.  and  Lex- 
ington Ave. 


906 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 

CHURCHES  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX — Continued. 


JEWISH— Continued. 

Shaari  TepWlla,  W.  82d  St.,  near 

Amsterdam  Ave. 
Shaari  Zedek,  25  W.  118th  St. 
Shaari  Zlon,  953  Southern  Boule- 
vard. 
Shearitb  B'nai  Israel,  22  E.  113th  St. 
Shearlth  Israel,  Central  Park  Vi  est, 

cor.  70th  St. 
Shearith  Judah,  543  W.  145th  St. 
Shenezach    Israel,    1049    Prospect 

Ave. 
Sinai   Congregation,   951   Stebbins 

Ave. 
Sons  of  Israel,  777  E.  178th  St. 
Sons  of  Israel,  107  W.  116th  St. 
Tabernacle,  220  W.  130th  St. 
Temple  Beth-EI,  5th  Ave.,  cor.  E. 

76th  St. 
Temple  Beth-Elohim,  961  Southern 

Boulevard. 
Temple  Beth  Israel,  Lexington  Ave 

and  72d  St. 
Temple  Emanu-El,  5th  Ave.  and 

43d  St. 
Temple  Israel,  .523  W.   173d  St. 
Temple   Israel   of   Harlem,    Lenox 

Ave.,  cor.  120th  St. 
Temple  of  the  Covenant,  552  W. 

181st  St. 
Temple  Peni-El,  525  W.  147th  St. 
Tiffereth  Israel,  126  Allen  St. 
Tremont  Temple,  Grand  Boulevard 

near  E.   Burnslde   Ave. 
Washington  Heights  Congregation, 

510  W.  161st  St. 
West  End,  156  W.  82d  St. 
Zichron  Ephraim,   67th  St.,   near 

Lexington  Ave. 

LUTHERAN. 

Advent,  Broadway  and  93d  St. 
Atonement,  Edgecombe  Ave.  and 

140th  St. 
Bethany,  582  Teasdale  PI.  n.  3d  Ave 
Bethlehem,  632  E.  135th  St. 
Christ,  406  E   19th  St. 
Christian  Mission  of  Israel,  250  E. 

101st  St. 
Concordia,  Oak  Ter.  and  Crimmins 

Ave. 
Danish,  1179  Hoe  Ave. 
Deaf  Mission,  233  W.  42d  St. 
Emigrant  House  Chapel,  4  State  St 
Emmanuel,    Brown    PI.,    cor.    E 

a37th  St. 
Epiphany.  72  E.  128th  St. 
Esthonian,  213  E.  83d  St. 
Finnish,  72  E.  128th  St. 
Finnish  Mission,  81  Cliristopher  St. 
Fordham,  2430  Walton  Ave. 
German,  E.  69th  St.  and  Ave.  B. 
Grace,  123  W.  71st  St. 
Grace,  Valentine  Ave. ,  near  199th  St. 
Hebrew  Mission,  250  E.  101st  St. 
Holy  Comforter,  1060  Woodycrest 

Ave.,  cor.  165th  St. 
Holy  Trinity,  Central  Park  West 

and  65th  St. 
Holy  Trinity,  881  E.  167tli  St. 
Iramanuel,  88th  St.,  cor.  Lexington 

Ave. 
Italian,  213  E.  83d  St. 
Lettish,  422  W.  44th  St. 
Lettish,  323  6th  St. 
Messiah,  Inwood. 
Norwegian,  1410  Vyse  Ave. 
Norwegian,  237  E.  123d  St. 
Our  Saviour,  179th  St.  and  Audu- 
bon Ave. 
PoHsh,  233  W.  42d  St. 
Redeemer,  424  W.  44th  St. 
Rt.  James's,  902  Madison  Ave. 
St.  John's,  81  Christopher  St. 
St.  John's,  217  E.  119th  St. 
St.  John's,  Fulton  Ave.  at  169th  St. 
St.  Luke's,  1724  Adams  St. 
St.  Luke's,  233  W.  42d  St. 
St.  Mark's,  323  6tli  St. 


L  UTHE  RAN— Continued. 
St.  Mark's,  242d  St.  and  Martha 

Ave. 

St.  Matthew's,  32  Greene  St. 
St.  Matthew's,  Convent  Ave.  and 

W.   145th  St. 
St.  Matthew's,  376  E.  156th  St. 
St.   Paul's,  E.   178th  St.,  cor.   La- 

fontalne  Ave. 
St.  Paul's,  313  W.  22d  St. 
St.  Paul's,  149  W.  123d  St. 
St.  Paul's,  794  E.  156th  St. 
St.    Peter's,    E.    219th   St.,     near 

White  Plains  Rd. 
St.    Peter's,    Lexington    Ave.    and 

54th  St. 
St.  Peter's,  439  E.  140th  St. 
St.  Stephen's,  999  Union  Ave. 
St.   Thomas's,    E.    175th   St.,   cor. 

Topping  Ave. 
Saviours,   E.   187tU  St.,  near  Tie- 
bout  Ave. 
Seamen's  Welfare,  215  E.  83d  St. 
Slovak,  332  E.  20th  St. 
Swedish  (Gustavus  Adolphus),  151 

E.  22d  St. 
Swedish  (Harlem),  W.  124th  St. 
Swedish,  Chapel,  292  E.  136th  St. 
Swedish  (Messiah),  412  Brook  Ave. 
Swedish-Finnish,  Oak  Terrace  and 

Crimmins  Ave. 
Trinity,  9th  St.  and  Ave.  B. 
Trinity,  164  W.  100th  St. 
Trinity,  1519  Castie  Hill  Ave. 
Wakefield,    Richardson    Ave.    and 

240th  St. 
Washington  Heights,  W.  153d  St.. 

near  Broadway. 
Zion,  339  E.  84th  St. 

METHODIST.  EPISCOPAL. 

Denominational    HeadQuarters,    160 

nth  Ave. 
Battery  Swedisli,  127  W.  89th  St. 
Bedford  St.,  29  Morton  St. 
Beekman  HUI,  319  E.  50th  St. 
Bethel  Swedish,  1 163  Fox  St.,  Bronx. 
Beulah  (Wesleyan),  33  W.  132d  St. 
Blinu    Memorial    (German),    103d 

St.  and  Lexington  Ave. 
Boston    Road,    Boston    Rd.,    cor. 

Suburban  PI. 
Butler    Memorial     (Col.),    719   E. 

223d  St. 

Calvary,  129th  St.  and  7th  Ave. 
Centenary,   cor.   Washington   Ave. 

and  E.  166th  St. 
Clielsea.    Fort    Washington    Ave., 

cor.  W.  178th  St. 
Chinese  Mission,  42  Mott  St. 
Church  of  Ail  Natioas,  9  2d  Ave. 
Church  of  the  People,  129  Worth  St. 
Church    of    Resurrection     115    E. 

74th  St. 
Chmch  of  the  Saviour,  E.  111th St., 

cor.  Lexington  Ave. 
City  Island,  Bay  St.  and  City  Island 

Ave. 
lornell  Memorial,  E.  76th  St.,  near 

2d  Ave.     . 
Corpus  Christi,  535  W.  121st  St. 
Crawford  Memorial,  White  Plains 

Ave.  and  218th  St. 
Duane,  294  Hudson  St. 
East  Side  Parish,  9  2d  Ave.. 
Eighteenth  St.,  307  W.  18th  St. 
Elton  Ave.,  German,  cor.  E.  158th 

St. 
Ep worth    (Col.).  Grant  Ave.,  cor. 

E.  162d  St. 
First  German,  48  St.  Mark's  Pi. 
First  Japanese,  131  W.  104th  St. 
First  Norwegian.  1078  Kelly  St. 
Five  Points  Mission,  129  Worth  St. 
Fordham,  2539  Marion  Ave. 
Forty-fourth  St.,  461  W.  44th  St. 
German,  Elton  Ave.   cor.  E.  158th 

St. 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL— 
Continued. 

Good  Shepherd,  261  E.  149th  St. 
Grace,  131  W.  104th  St. 
Grace.  White  Plains  Rd.  and  Pen- 
field  Ave. 
Hadley  Rescue  Hall,  293  Bowery. 
Hedding,  337  E.  17th  St. 
Jane  St.,  13  Jane  St. 
Janes,  461  W.  44th  St. 
Japanese  Mission  W.  I04tb  St.  and 

Columbus  Ave. 
Jefferson    Park    (Italian),     407  E. 

114th  St. 
John  St.,  44  John  St. 
Lexington    Ave.,  Swedish,    cor.  E. 

52d  St. 
Madison  Ave.,  Madison  Ave.,  cor. 

60th  St. 
Metropolitan  Temple.  58  7th  Ave. 
Morris  Heights,  1788  Sedgwick  Ave. 
Mott    Ave.,    Mott   Ave.,    cor.    E. 

150th  St. 
Mount   Hope,    E.    177th    St..    cor. 

Concourse. 
Park  Ave.,  Park  Ave.,  cor.  80th  St. 
Peoples'  229  E.  61st  St. 
People's    Home    Church  and   Set- 
tlement, 543  E.  nth  St. 
Prospect  Ave.,  Prospect  Ave.,  cor. 

Macy  PI. 
St.  Andrew  s,  126  W.  76th  St. 
St.    James's,    Madison    Ave.    and 

126th  St. 
St.  John's  Chapel,  2536  7th  Ave. 
St.  Mark's  (Col.),  W.  53d  St.  and 

8th  Ave. 
St.  Paul's,  86th  St.  and  West  End 

.\ve. 
St.  Paul's  (German),  308  E.  55tl»  St. 
St.   Stephen's,    Marble  Hill   Ave.. 

cor.  W.  228th  St. 
Salem  (Col.),  102  W.  133d  St. 
Second  German,  346  W.  40lh  St. 
Seventh  St.,  24  7th  St. 
Sixty-first  St..  229  E.  61st  St. 
Swedish,    Lexington   Ave.     cor.   E. 

52d  St. 
Thirty-fifth  St.,  460  W.  35th  St. 
Tremont,    Washington    Ave.,    cor. 

E.  178th  St. 
Tremont  (German),  1841  Bathgate 

Ave. 
Tremont  Ave.    E.   Tremont  Ave. 

cor.  Bryant  Ave. 
Trinity,  323  E.  1 18th  Str. 
Union,  AV.  48th  St.,  near  Broadway. 
Van   Nest,   cor.   Morris   Park   and 

Cruger  Aves. 
Wakelleld  Grace,  White  Plains  Ave.. 

near  241st  St. 
Washington    Heights,    Amsterdam 

Ave.,  cor.  153d  St. 
Washington  Sq.,  137  W.  4th  St. 
Wesleyan, 2 108  Madison  Ave. 
Westchester,  2547  Walker  Ave. 
Willis  Ave.,  cor.  E.  141st  St. 
Woodlawn   Heights,    E.   240th   St. 

near  Katonah  Ave. 
Woodycrest,  W.  166th  St.  and  Nel» 

son  Ave. 

METHODIST  EPISCOPAL 
(AFRICAN). 
Bethel  Church,  52  W.  132d  St. 
Emmanuel,  236  W.  62d  St. 
Metropolitan,  112  W.  133d  St. 
Mother  Zion.  151  W.  136th  St. 
Rush  Memorial,  Zion,  58  W.  138th 

St. 
Union,  109  W.  131st  St. 

MORAVIAN. 
Fli'st,  Lexington  Ave.  and  30th  St. 
Beth-Tphillah  (Fourth  Moravian), 

124  W.  136th  St. 
Second,  Witklns  Ave.  and  Jennings 

St. 
Third  (Col.),  224  W.  63d  St. 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 


907 


CHURCHES  rN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX— Cona'rei/fd. 


PRESBYTERIA!^. 
Denominational   Headquarters,    166 

6th  Ave.  Jesse  F.  Forbes,  Stated 

Clerk. 
Adams  Memorial,  207  E.  30th  St. 
Amer.  International,  2d  Ave.  and 

14tli  St. 
Ascension,  340  E.  106th  St. 
Beck  Memorial,  980  E.  180lh  St. 
Bedford  Park,  200th  St.,  cor.  Bain- 
bridge  Ave. 
Bethany,  E.  137th  St.,  near  AVillis 

Ave. 
Bohemian  Bret'n,  589  E.  165th  St. 
Bohemian  (John  Huss),  349  E.  74th 

St. 
Brick,  5th  Ave.,  cor.  37th  St. 
Broadway.  Broadway  and  114th  St. 
Central,  Madison  Ave.  and  57th  St. 
Chelsea,  359  W.  24th  St. 
Clilnese,  223  E.  31st  St. 
Christ.  344  W.  36th  St. 
Church    of    the    Puritans,    15    W. 

130th  St. 
Covenant,  310  E.  42d  St. 
De  Witt  Memorial,  280  Rivington 

St. 
East  Harlem,  233  E.  116th  St. 
Edgehill,  Spuyten  Duyvil 
Faith,  359  W.  48th  St. 
Fifth  Ave.,  Fifth  Ave.  cor.  55th  St. 
First,  5th  Ave.  and  Uth  St. 
First  Magyar,  233  E.  116th  St. 
First    of    Williamsbridge,    730    E. 

225th  St. 
Fort  George  Church,  564  W.  185th 

St. 
Fort    Washington,    174th  St.   and 

Wadsworth  Ave.  (near  B'way.) 
Fourth,  West  End  Ave.  and  91st  St. 
French  Evangelical,  126  W.  16th  St 
Good  Shepherd,  152  W.  66th  St. 
Greenwich,  145  W.  13th  St. 
Harlem-New   York,    122d   St.   and 

Mt.  Morris- Park  West. 
Holy  Trinity  (First  Ital.),  E.  153d 

St.,  near  Morris  Ave. 
Home   St.,    Home    St.    and    West 

Farms  Rd. 
Hunt's   Point,   Spoftord   Ave.,  cor. 

Coster  St. 
John   Hall   Memorial   Chapel,    342 

E.  63d  St. 
Labor  Temple,  2d  Ave.  and  14th  St. 
Lee  Memorial,  556  W.  141st  St. 
Madison  Ave.,  Madison  Ave.,  cor. 

73d  St. 
Madison  Square,  9  Madison  Ave. 
Madison   Sq.    Church   House,    436 

3d  Ave. 
Mizpah  Chapel,  420  W.  57th  St. 
Morningslde,  Mornlngside  Ave.  and 

W.  122d  St. 
Morrisania,  1197  Washington  Ave. 
Mount     Washington,     Broadway, 

cor.  Dyckman  St. 
New  York,  151  W.  128th  St. 
North,  525  W.  155th  St.     » 
Northminster,  141  W.  115th  St. 
Olivet  Memorial.  59  2d  St. 
Olmstead  Ave.,  (jlmstead  and  New- 
bold  Ayes. 
Park  Ave.   Church,  Park  Ave.  and 

85th  St. 
Phillips  Chapel,  41  E.  73d  St. 
Riverdale,  Riverdale  Ave.,  Bronx. 
Rutgers,  Broadway  and  W.  73d  St. 
St.  James,  59  W.  137th  St. 
St.  Nicholas  Ave.,  141st  St.  and  St. 

Nicholas  Ave. 
Scotch,  96th  St.  and  Central  Pk.  W. 
Sea  and  Land,  61  Henry  St. 
Seventh   Church   of  Jesus   Christ, 

138  Broome  St. 
Spring  St..  Spring  St..  nr.  Varick  St. 
Tremont,    Grand    Concoiu'se  and 

178th  St. 


PRESBYTERI  AN— Continued. 

Throgg's  Neck,  Foit  Schuyler  Rd. 
Throgg's  Neck. 

University  Heights,  University  Ave . 
and  Hall  of  Fame  Ter. 

University  PI.,  University  PI.  and 
E.  10th  St.:  Bethlehem  Chapel, 
196  Bleecker  St.;  Emmanuel 
Chapel,  727  E.  6th  St. 

Van  Nest,  Barnes  Ave.,  cor.  Morris 
Park  Ave. 

West  End,  105th  St.  and  Amster- 
dam Ave. 

Westminster,  208  W.  23d  St. 

West-Park,  W.  86th  St.,  cor.  Am- 
sterdam Ave. 

Woodlawn  Heights,  240th  St.  and 
Martha  Ave. 

Woodstock,  E.  165tb  St.  and  Pros- 
pect Ave. 

PROTESTANT   EPISCOPAL. 

Synod  House,  Amsterdam  Ave.,  cor. 

W .  tlOth  St. 
Diocesan  House,  41 6  Lafayette  St. 

Right  Rev.  David  H.  Greer,  D. 

D.,  Bishop.    Right  Rev.  Chas.  S, 

Burch,  D.  D.,  Suffragan  Bishop. 

Rev.  George  F.  Nelson,   D.   D., 

Registrar. 
All  Angels',  81st  St.,  cor.  West  End 

Ave. 
All  Saints',  286  Henry  St. 
All  Souls',  86  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 
Ascen.sion,  5th  Ave.,  cor.  10th  St. 
Ascension  Memorial,  253  W.  43d  St. 
Beloved    Disciple,    89th    St.,    near 

Madison  Ave. 
Calvary,  4th  Ave.  and  21st  St. 
Cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Divine, 

W.   11 1th  St.,  between  Amster- 
dam and  Morningslde  Aves. 
Chapel  of  Atonement,  Beach  Ave., 

near  Westchester  Ave. 
Chapel  of  Christ  the  Consoler,  foot 

E.  26th  St.  (Bellevue  Hospital). 
Chapel  of  St.   Cornelius  the  Cen- 

turlan.  Governor's  Island. 
Chapel  of  Holy  Spirit,  Westchester 

Ave.  and  E.  167th  St. 
Chapel  of  the  Comforter,  10  Horatio 

St. 
Chapel    of    the    Good    Shepherd, 

Wakefield,  Bronx. 
Chapel    of    the    Good    Shepherd, 

Blackwell's  Island. 
Chapel  of  the  Good  Shepherd  (Gen- 
,   eral  Theological  Seminary),  175 

9th  Ave. 

Chapel  of  the  Intercession,  Broad- 
way and  155th  St. 
Chapel  of  the  Messiah,  206  E.  95th. 
Chapel  of  the  Redeemer,   Seaman 

Ave.  and  Isham  St. 
Christ,  Broadway  and  W.  71st  St. 
Christ,  Riverdale. 
Church. Mission  of  Help,  37  E.  28th 

St. 
Church  of  the  Advocate,  Washing- 
ton Ave.  and  181st  St. 
Church  of  the  Holy  Apostles,  300 

9th  Ave. 
Church    of    the    Resurrection,    E. 

74th  St.,  near  Park  Ave. 
Corpus    Christi,    Congregation    of 

Transfiguration  Chapel,  221   W 

69th  St. 
Emmanuel,    770   Courtlandt  Ave., 

Bronx. 
Epiphany,  259  Lexington  Ave. 
God's     Providence     House,     330 

Broome  St. 
Good  Shepherd  (Italian),  E.  142d 

St.  and  Alexander  Ave. 
Grace,  Broadway  and  10th  St. 

Chapel,  414  E.  14th  St. 
Grace,  City  Island  Ave.,  cor.  Pilot 

St..  City  Island. 


PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL — 
Contimied. 

Grace,    West    Farms,    Vyse   Ave., 

near  177th  St. 
Grace  Emmanuel,  212  E.  116th  St. 
Heavenly  Rest,  551  5th  Ave. 
Holy  Comforter,  343  W.  Houston  St. 
Holy  Communion,  324  6th  Ave. 
Holy  (iross,  Ave.  C  and  4th  St. 
Holy  Faith,  694  E.  166th  St. 
Holy    Nativity,    Bainbridge    Ave., 

cor.  E.  204th  St. 
Holyrood,   Fort  Washington  Ave., 

cor.  W.  179th  St. 
Holy  Spirit,  Westchester  Ave.,  cor. 

E.  167th  St. 
Holy  Trinity  (St.  James's  Parish), 

316  E.  88th  St. 
Holy    Trinity,    W.    122d    St.    and 

Lenox  Ave. 
Incarnation,     205    Madison    Ave. 

Chapel,  242  E.  31st  St. 
"Little  Church  Around  the  Corner" 

(Transfiguration).   5   E.  29th  St. 
Mediator,   Kingsbridge  Ave.,   near 

W.  231st  St. 
Our  Saviour,  25  South  St  . 
St.  Agnes's  Chapel,  92d  St.,  near 

Columbus  Ave. 
St.  Alban's,  Ogden  Ave.  and  163d 

St. 
St.  Ambrose  (Italian),  236  E.  11 1th 

St. 
St.  Andrew's,  127th  St.,  near  5th  Ave. 
St.  Ann's,  St.  Ann's  Ave.,  near  E. 

140th  St. 
St.  Ann's  (Deaf  Mutes),  W.  148th 

St.,  near  Amsterdam  Ave. 
St.    Augustine's    Chapel     (Trinit." 

Parish),  105  E.  Houston  St. 
St.    Barnabaa's   Chapel,   306   Mul- 
berry St. 
St.    Bartholomew's,    348    Madison 

Ave.    Oriental    Mission,   209  E. 

42d  St.     Swedish  Chapel,  121  E. 

127th   St.     Chinese     Guild,     42 

Mott  St. 
St.   Chrysostom's  Chapel   (Trinity 

Parish),  201  W.  39th  St. 
St.  Clement's,  136  W.  3d  St. 
St.  Cornelius's,  423  W.  46th  St. 
St.  Cornelius's  Chapel,  Governor'..! 

Island. 
St.  Cyprian's  (Col.),  171  W.  63d  St. 
St.  David's,  382  E.  160th  St. 
St.     Edmund's,     177th    St.,     near 

Morris  Ave. 
St.  Edward  the  Martyr,  109th  St.. 

near  5th  Avenue. 
St.  Esprit    45  E.  27th  St. 
St.  George's,  E.  219th  St.,  Williams- 
bridge. 
St.  George's,  Stuyvesant  Sq. 
St.  George's,  7  Rutherfurd  PI. 
St.  Ignatlus's,  West  End  Ave.  and 

W.  87th  St. 
St.  James's,  71st  St.,  cor.  Madison 

Ave. 
St.     James's,     Fordham,     Jerome 

Ave.,  cor.  E.  190th  St. 
St.  John  the  Divine  Ca,thedral,  W. 

111th  St.,   between  Amsterdam 

and  Morningslde  Aves. 
St.  John  the  Evangelist,  V^.   11th 

St.  and  Waverley  PI. 
St.  Jude's  Mission,  19  W.  99th  St. 
St.  Luke's,  Convent  Ave.,  cor.  W. 

141st  St. 
St. Luke's  (Trinity  Parish),  Hudson 

St.,  opp.  Grove  St. 
St.    Luke's    Hospital    Chapel,    W. 

113th  St.  and  Amsterdam  Ave.' 
St.  Margaret's,  E.  156th  St.,  cor. 

Leggett  Ave. 
St.      Mark's-in-the-Bouwerle,      2d 

Ave.  and   10th  St. 
St.  Martha's  ChapeJ,  1858  Cruger 

Ave. 


908 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 


CHURCHES  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX — Continued. 


PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL — 
Conlinued. 

St.  Mary's,  Alexander  Ave.,  cor. 
142d  St. 

St.  Mary's,  Lajvrence  St.,  near 
Amsterdam  Ave. 

St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  W.  46th  St. 
and  6th  Ave. 

St.  Matthew's,  W.  84th  St.,  near 
Central  Park  West.  St.  Ann's 
Chapel  for  Deai  Mutes,  511 
W.  148th  St. 

St.  Michael's.  Amsterdam  Ave,  cor. 
W.  99th  St. 

St.  Paul's,  Washington  Ave.,  cor. 
St.  Paul's  PI. 

St.  Paul's  Chapel  (Trinity  Parish), 
Broadway  and  Vesey  St. 

St.  Peter's,  342  W.  20th  St. 

St.  Peter's,  Westchester  Ave. 

St.  Philip's,  W.  134th  St.,  near  7th 
Ave. 

St.  Simeon's,  E.  164lh  St.,  cor. 
Sheridan  Ave. 

St.  Stephen's.  122  W.  69th  St. 

St.  Stephen's  Chapel,  E.  238th  St., 
cor.  Vireo  Ave. 

St.  Thomas's.  5th  Ave.,  cor.  53d  St. 

St.  Thomas's  Chapel,  230  E.  60th  St. 

San  Salvatore  (Italian),  359  Broome 
St. 

Transfiguration  ("Little  Church 
Around  the  Corner"),  5  E.  29th 
St. 

Trinity  Church,  Broadway  and 
Wall  St.;  St.  Paul's  Chapel, 
Broadway  and  Vesey  St. ;  Trinity 
Chapel.  W.  25th  St.,  near  Broad- 
way; St.  Agnes's,  W.  92d  St.,  nr. 
Columbus  Ave.;  St.  Luke's 
Chapel,  483  Hudson  St.;  Chapel 
of  the  Intercession,  Broadway 
and  155th  St.;  St.  Chrysostom's, 
7th  Ave.  and  W.  39th  St.;  St. 
Augustine's  Chapel,  105  E.  Hous- 
ton St.;  and  St.  Cornelius's,  Gov- 
ernor's Island. 

Trinity,  E.  164tb  St.,  near  Boston 
Road. 

Trinity  Chapel,  15  W.  25th  St. 

Zion  and  St.  Tlmoth.v,  334  W. 
57th  St. 

REFORMED   CHURCH   IN 
AMERICA. 

Denominational  Headquarters.  Re- 
formed Church  Blda.,  25  E.  3Sd  St. 

Anderson  Memorial,  cor    E.   183d 

St.  and  Cambreling  Ave. 
Bethany  Memorial,  6.7th  St.,   cor. 

1st  AV6 

Church  of"  the  Comforter.  279  E. 
162d  St. 

Collegiate: 

Fort  Washington,  W.  181st 
St.  and  Fort  Washington  Ave.; 
Knox  Memorial,  405  W.  41st 
St.;  Marble,  5th  .Ave.  and 
29th  St.;  Middle,  2d  Ave.  and  7th 
St.;  North,  113  Fulton  St.;  St. 
Nicholas,  5th  Ave.,  cor.  48th  St.; 
Faith  Mission.  241  W.  60th  St.; 
Thirty-fourth  St.,  307  W.  34th 
St.;  Vermilye  Chapel,  416  W 
54th  St.;  West  End,  77th  St.  and 
West  End  Ave. 

Elmendorf  Chapel,  109  E.  121st  St 

Fordham  Manor,  Kingsbridge  Rd., 
cor.  Claflln  Terrace. 

Fort  Washington,  W.  I81st  St.  and 
N.  Fort  WashingtrOn  Ave. 

Fourth  German,  412  W.  46th  St. 

German  Evang.,  Ave.  B  and  5th  St. 

German  Reformed,  353  E.  68th  St. 

Grace,  845  7th  Ave. 

Hamilton  Grange,  W.  149th  St.  and 
Convent  Ave. 

Manor,  348  W.  26th  St. 


REFORMED    CHURCH    IN 

AMERICA  — 

Continued. 

Melrose  (German),  Elton  Ave.,  cor. 

E.  156th  St. 
Mott  Haven,  3d  Ave.,  cor.  146th  St. 
Reformed  Church  of  Harlem,  267 

Lenox  Ave. 
Sixt.v-eighth  St..  355  E.  68th  St. 
Sunshine  Chapel,  550  W.  40th  St. 
Union,  Ogden  Ave.,  near  169th  St 
Vermilye,  416  W.  54th  St. 
West  Farm.s,  Fairmount  PI.,  near 

Pi'ospect  Ave. 
Zlon   (German  Evangelical),  Steb 

bins  Ave.,  cor.  Chisholm  St. 

REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  THE 

UNITED  STATES. 
Bethany,  235  E.  109th  St. 
Harbor  Mission.  Ellis  I.^land. 
Martha  Memorial,  419  W.  o2d  St. 
St.  Paul's,  612  E.  141st  St.  ' 

REFORMED    EPISCOPAL. 
First,  Madison  Ave  ,  cor.  55th  St. 
St.  Paul's,  236th  St.  and  Vireo  Ave. 

REFORMED    PRESBYTERIAN. 
Second,  304  V/.  122d  St. 
Third,  238  W.  23d  St. 

ROM. AN    CATHOLIC. 
Archbishop  of  New  York;  John  Car- 

dinal  Farley,  died  Sept.' 17,  1918. 
All    samts ,    Madison    Ave.,    cor. 

129th  St. 
Annunciation,  B.  V.  M.,  Convent 

Ave.,  cor.  131st  St. 
Armenian,  E.  29th  St.,  bet.  3d  and 

Lexington  Aves. 
Ascension,   107th  St..  near  B'way. 
Assumption,  427  W.  49th  St. 
Blessed    Sacrament,    W.    71st    St. 

and  Broadway. 
Catholic     Seamen's     Mission,   422 

West  St. 
Chinese     Catholic     Rlission,     103 

Park  St 
Corous  Christl.  535  W.  121st  St. 
Epiphany,  373  2d  Ave. 
Good  Shepherd.  207th  St.  &  B'way. 
Guardian  Aneel.  511  W.  23d  St. 
Holy  Cross.  335  W.  42d  St. 
Holy    Family.    Castle    Hill    Ave. 

cor.  Watson  Ave. 
Holy  Innocents.  120  W.  37tb  St. 
Holy  Name  Mission.  319  Bowery. 
Holy  Name  of  Jesus,   Amsterdam 

Ave.  and  96th  St. 
Holy  Rosary.  442  E.  119th  St. 
Holy  Spirit,  1944  University  Ave. 
Holy  Trinity,  205  W.  82d  St. 
Immaculate    Conception,    505    E. 

14th  St. 
Immaculaie  Conception  (German). 

385  E.  150tli  St. 
Immaculate    Conception,    i..    Gun 

Hill  Rd.,  cor.  Holland  Ave. 
Immaculate  Virgin  Mission,  448  W. 

56th  St. 
Incarnation,     175th    St.    and    St. 

Nicholas  Ave. 
Ite  ad  Joseph  Chapel,  64  Catharine 

St. 
Mary,  Help  of  Christians,  436  E. 

1 2th  St. 
Mary,  Star  of  the  Sea,  Governor's 

Island. 
Most  Holy  and  Immaculate  Heart 

of  Mary.  375  Lafayette  St. 
Most  Holy  Redeemer.  105  E.  3d  St. 
Most  Precious  Blood.  115  Baxter  SI. 
Nativity.  48  2d  Ave. 
Notre   Dame,    Mornlngside    Drive 

and  114th  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Esperanaa,  1,56th  St.. 

near  Riverside  Drive. 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC— Continued. 
Our  Lady  of  Good   Counsel,    236 

E.  90th  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Grace.  14  Stanton  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Guadaloupe,  229  W. 

14th  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Hope,  156th  St.,  near 

Broadway. 
Our  Lady  of  Loretto,  303  Eiizabetb 

St. 
Our    Lady    of    Lourdes,    Convent 

Ave.  and  W..142d  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Mercy,  2504  Marion 

Ave. 

Chapel,  70  Washington  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Mount  Carmel,  453 

E.  115th  St. 
Our   Lady   of   Mount   Carmel,    E. 

187th  St.,  cor.  Belmont  Ave. 
Our  Lady  ol  Perpetual  Help,  321 

E.  61st  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Piano  di  Campa,  375 

2d  Ave. 
Our  Lac'v  of  Pity,  E.  151st  St.,  near 

Morris  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Pompeii,  214  Bleecker 

St. 
Our  Lady  of  Solace,  White  Plains 

Rd.  and  Van  Nest  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Sorrows,  105  Pitt  St. 
Our  Lady  of  the  Rosary.  7  State  St. 
Our  Lady  of  the  Scapular  of  Mount 

Carmel,  341  E.  28th  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Victory,  171.st  St.  and 

Webster  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Vilna.  570  Broome  St. 
Our  Lady  Queen  of  Angels,  228  E. 

113th  St. 
Our  Savioui',  183d  St.  and  Wash- 
ington Ave. 
Resurrection,  282  W.  151st  St. 
Sacred    Heart.    Shakespeare    Ave., 

near  W.  169th  St. 
Sacred  Heartof  Jesus,  447  W.SIstSt. 
Sacred  Heart  of  Jesus  and  Mary,  E. 

33d  St..  near  3d  Ay*. 
St.  Ad.albert's,  424  E.  156th  St. 
St.  Albert's.  431  W.  47th  St. 
St.  Agnes's.  143  E.  43d  St. 
St.  Aloyslus's.  215  W.  I32d  St. 
St.  Alphonsus's.  312  W.  Broadway. 
.St.  Ambrose's,  539  W.  54th  St. 
St.  Andrew's,  Duane  St.,  cor.  City 

Hall  PI. 
St.   Angela   Merici's,    Morris   Ave. 

and  lG3d  St. 
St.  Ann's,  112  E.  12th  St. 
3t.  Ann's,  308  E.  110th  St. 
St.  Au.selra's,  677  Tinton  Ave. 
3t.  Anthony  of  Padua,  826  E.'  166th 

St. 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua,  153  Sullivan 

St. 
St  Anthony's,  Commonwealth  Ave., 

cir.  Mansion  St. 
St.  Athanasius's,  Tiffany,  cor.  Fox  St. 
St.  Augustine's,  E.  167th  St.,  cor. 

Fulton  Ave. 
St.  Barnabas 's,  241st  St.  and  Martha 

Ave. 
St.  Benedict  the  Moor,  342  W.  53d  St. 
St.  Bernard's.  332  W.  14th  St. 
St.  Boniface's,  882  2d  Ave. 
St.  Brendan's,  Perry  Ave.,  cor.  E. 

207th  St. 
St.  Brlgid's,  123  Ave.  B. 
St.  Catherine  of  Genoa,  W.  153d  St.t 

near  .\msterdara  Ave. 
St.    Catherine   of    Sienna,    420   E. 

69th  St. 
St.  Cecilia's,  120  E.  106th  St. 
St.   Charles  Borromeo's,  W.   14l3t 

St.,  near  7th  Ave. 
St.  Clare's,  436  W.  36th  St. 
S',.  Clemen's.  406  W.  40th  St. 
St.  Columba's,  339  W.  25th  St. 
SS.     Cyril     and     Methodius     (lor 

Croatlans).  552  AV.  50th  St. 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 

CHURCHES  IIS  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX — Continued. 


909 


nOMAN  CATHOLIC— Continued. 

St.  Klizabeth'a,  W.  187tli  St.,  cor. 

Broadway. 
St.  Elizabeth  of  Hungary,  345  E. 

4tli  St. 
St.  Frances  of  Rome,  Richardson 

Ave.,  Wakefield. 
St.  Francis  de  Sales's,  139  E.  96th  St. 
St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  139  W.  31st  St. 
St.  Francis  Xavier's,  42  W.  16th  St. 
St.  Gabriel's,  312  E.  37th  St. 
St.  George's  (Ruthenian  Greek),  28 

E.  7th  St. 
St.  George's  (Syrian),  98  Washing- 
ton St. 
St.  Gregory  the  Great,  90th  St., 

near  Amsterdam  Ave. 
St.  Ignatius  Loyola's,  Park  Ave., 

cor.  E.  84th  St. 
St.  James's,  32  James  St. 
St.    Jean   Baptiste,   76th   St.   and 
*•  Lexington  Ave. 
St.  Jerome's,  Alexander  Ave.,  cor. 

13Sth  St. 
St.  Joachim's,  22  Roosevelt  St. 
St.  John  Baptist's,  209  W.  30th  St 
St.  John  Chrysostom's,   167th  St. 

and  Hoe  Ave. 
St.  John  Evangelist's,  355  E.  55th  St. 
St.  John  Nepomuk,  350  E.  57th  St. 
St.  John's,  2911  Kingsbridge  Ave. 
St.  John  the  Martyr's,  254  E.  72d  St. 
St.  Joseph's,  59  6th  Ave. 
St.  Joseph's,  64  Catharine  St. 
St.  Joseph's,  1943  Bathgate  Ave. 
St.  Joseph's  (German),  408  E.  87th 

St. 
St.  Joseph's,  125tli  St.,  cor.  Morn- 

ingslde  Ave. 
St.  Joseph's,  57  Washington  St. 
St.  Leo's,  11  E.  28th  St. 
St.  Lucy's,  344  E.  104th  St. 
St.     Luke's,    E.    138th    St.,    near 

St.  Ann's  Ave. 
St.  Malachy's,  243  W.  49lh  St. 
St.  iviargaret's,  Riverdale. 
St.    Mark    the   Evangelist    (Col.), 

63  W.  138th  St. 
St.  Martin  of  Tours,  E.  182d  St., 

cor.  Grote. 
St.  Mary  Magdalen's,  529  E.  17th  St. 
St.  Mary's.  438  Grand  St. 
St.  Mary's,  E.  215th  St.,  cor.  White 

Plains  Rd. 
St.  Mary's  Star  of  the  Sea,  596  City 

Island  Ave.,  City  Island. 
St.  Matthew's,  W.  67th  St.,  near 

Amsterdam  Ave. 
St.  Michael's,  418  W.  34th  St. 
St.  Monica's,  409  E.  79th  St. 
St.  Nicholas  of  Tolentine,  Andrews 

Ave.,  cor.  W.  Fordham  Rd. 
St.  Nicholas's.  125  2d  St. 
St.  Patrick's,  Mott  St..  cor.  Prmce  St. 
St.    Patrick's   Cathedral,   cor.   5th 

Ave.  and  50th  St. 
St.  Paul's,  115  E.  117th  St. 
St.  Paul  the  Apostle's,  Columbus 

Ave.  and  W.  60th  St. 
St.  Peter's,  20  Barclay  St. 
SS.  Peter  and  Paul's,  159th  St.  and 

St.  Ann's  Ave. 
St.  Philip  Neri's,  Grand  Boulevard 
and  Concourse,  opp.  E.  202d  S'.t 
St.  Pius's,  416  E.  145th  St. 
St.  Raphael's,  W.  41st  St.,  bet.  10th 

and  11th  Aves. 
St.  Raymond's,  Walker  Ave.,  cor 

Castle  Hill  Ave. 
St.  Rita  of  Cascia.  442  College  Ave 
St.  Roch's,  734  E.  150th  St. 
St.  Rose's,  Cannon  St.,  near  Broome, 
St.  Rose  of  Lima,  W.  165th  St.,  near 

Amsterdam  Ave. 
St.  Stanislaus's,  107  7th  St. 
St.  Stephen's,  149  E.  28th  St. 
St.   Stephen  of  Hungary,  420  E. 
14th  St. 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC — Continued. 
St.  Thomas  the  Apostle's,  W.  118th 

St.,  near  St.  Nicholas  Ave. 
St.  Thomas  AQUin.as's,  E.  Tremont 

Ave.,  near  Daly  Ave. 
St.     Valentine's,     E.     221st     St.. 

Williamsbridge. 
St.    Veronica's,     Christopher    St., 

near  Greenwich. 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul's,  127  W.  23d  St. 
St.   Vincent  Ferrer's.  E.  66th  St., 

and  Lexington  Ave. 
Transfiguration.  25  Mott  St. 


SEVENTH-DAY  ADVENTISTS. 
Neio  York  Conference,  32  Union 
Square  East. 

Bronx  English,  169th  St.   near  Bos- 
ton   Rd.    (using    Grace   Baptist 

Church). 
Bronx  German  163d  St.  and  Eagle 

Ave. 
Finnish,  343  W.  84th  St. 
New  York  Swedish,  E.   137th  St. 

near  Willis  Ave  (using  Swedish 

Presbyterian  Church) . 
English,    145th    St.    and    Convent 

Ave.,  (using  Washingfon  Heights 

Baptist  Church). 
German,  429  E.  77th  St. 
Harlem  (Col.),  144-146  W.  131st  St. 
Hungarian,  334  E.  86th  St. 

UNITARIAN. 
Denominational   Headguarters,    104 

E.  soili  St. 
Ail  Souls',  4th  Ave.  and  20th  St. 
Lenox  Ave.,  Lenox  Ave.,  cor.  121st 

St. 
Messiah.  E.  34th  St.,  cor.  Park  Ave. 

UNITED   PRESBYTERIAN. 

Charles  Street,  at  No.  41. 

East,  Lorillard  Place  and  E.  187th 

St. 
First,  16  W.  108th  St. 
Second.  W.  172d  St.  and  Audubon 

West  44th  St.,  434  W.  44th  St. 

UNIVERSALIST. 
Fourth  (Divine  Paternity) ,  Central 
Park  West  and  76th  St. 

MISCELLANEO  US. 
All  Night  Mission,  8  Bowery. 
Arabian  Mission,  25  E.  22d  St. 
Armenian    221  E.  27th  St. 
Beacon  Light  Rescue  Mission,  2372 

3d  Ave. 
Beulah  Wesleyan,  33  W.  132d  St. 
Bo\very  Mission,  227  Bowery. 
Broome    Street    Tabernacle,    395 

Broome  St.  ,      ,„   „ 

Calvary  Christian  Church,  52  E. 

133d  St. 
Calvary  Chapel,  346  E.  23d  St.   . 
Catharine    Mission,   22   Catharme 

Slip.  .  ,      „, 

Charlton     Street     Memorial,     34 

Charlton  Si. 
Chinese  Catholic  Mission,  103  Park 

St. 
Chinese  Mission,  233  E.  31st  St. 
Christian   Rescue   Church   of   the 

Living  God,  338  W.  4l3t  St. 
Christ's  Mission,  331  W.  57th  St. 
Christian  IsraeUte's  Sanctuary,  108 

Ist  St. 
Church  Mission  of  Help,  37  E.  28th 

St. 
Church  of  the  Son  of  Man.  227  E. 

104th  St. 
Church  of    the  Strangers  (Deems 

Memorial)    307  W.  57th  St 
Colored  Mission,  225  W.  30th  St. 
Divine  Inspiration  (Spiritualist) ,  20 

W.  91.st  St. 


St.  Teresa's.  Kutgera.  cor.  Henry  St.  Divine  Science.  Firat.  Hotel  Astor 


M ISCELLANEOUS— Continued. 

Doyers  Street  Midnight  Mission, 

5  Doyers  St. 
Eighth  Avenue  Mission,   290  8th 

Ave. 
Ethical  Culture  Society,  33  Central 

Park  West 
First  Emanuel,  105  W.  130th  St. 
First  German  (Spiritualist),  59th  St. 

and  Columbus  Ave. 
First  Hungarian  Reformed  Church, 

344  E.  69th  St. 
Five  Points  Mission,  129  Worth  St. 
Galilee  Mission,  346  E.  23d  St. 
Glad    Tidings    Assembly,    454  W. 

42d    St. 
God,  Church  of.  Missionary  Home, 

2132  Grand  Ave. 
Gospel  Mission   346  W.  45th  St. 
Gospel  Tabornacle,   44th  St.  and 

8th  Ave. 
Harlem  Gospel  Tabernacle,  12  W. 

131st  St. 
Hebrew     Christian     Mission,    280 

Rivington  St. 
Holy  Church  of  God,  225  E.  733  St. 
Holy    Church    of    New  Covenant 

(Col.),   2161   Madison   Ave. 
"In  As  Much"  Mission,  582  Hud- 
son St. 
International  Bible  Students'  Ass'n, 

25  Minetta  Lane. 
Japanese  Mission,  330  E.  57th  St. 
Labor  Temple,  2d  Ave.  and  14th  St. 
Latter  Day  Saints'  Church,  151  W. 

125th    St. 
Lavenburg  Hanna  Home,  319  E. 

17th  St. 
Mariners',  166  Uth  Ave. 
McAuley    Cremorne   Mission,   210 

W.  35th  St. 
McAuley's  Water  St.  Mission,  310 

Water  St. 
Midnight  Mission  (office),  289  4th 

Ave. 
Misaione  Cristiana,  300  W.  69th  St. 
Mormon,  Church  of  Jesus  Christ 

151  W.  125th  St. 
Morning    Star    Chinese    Mission. 

13    Doyers   St. 
Mount  Calvary   Mission,  223   W. 

134th  St. 
New  Apostolic,   207  E.   120th  St. 
New      Church       (Swedenborgiani 

35th  St.  near  Park  Ave. 
New  Thought,    Criterion   Theatre 

(office,  110  W.  34th  St.) 
Olivet  Memorial,  59  2d  St. 
Open  Door  Mission,  633  Hudson  St 
Pentecostal  Nazarene,  210  W.  14th 

St. 
People's  Tabernacle,  52  E.  102d  St. 
Progressive    Spiritualists'    Church, 

325  W.  59th  St. 
Rescue  Society,  5  Doyers  St. 
Resurrection,  121  7th  St. 
St.  Illuminator,  221  E.  29th  St. 
St.    Matthew's   Church   of   Dlvlno 

Truth      (Spiritualist),     253    W, 

131st    St. 
Salvation  Army  (see  Index). 
Seamen's     Christian     Association, 

399  West  St. 
Seventh   Day   Christian,    151   AV. 

125th   St. 
Seventh    Street   Jewisb    Mission, 

152  7th  St.  _ 
Society  of  Ethical  Cultui'e,  2  \\  . 

64th  St. 
Son  of  Man,  227  E.  104th  St. 
Spanish    Evangelical,    9    Madisoa 

Ave 

Spirit  'of  God  Christian  Mission- 
ary  Church,   25   Minetta   Lane 

Spiritual  and  Ethical  Society,  14J 
W.    125th   St. 

Strachan,  Margaret,  Home  Chapel, 
105  W.  27th  St. 


910 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 


CHURCHES  IN  MANHATTAN  AND  BRONX— CojiZitoed. 


M  ISC  ELLA  NEO  US — Continued. 

Strangers  (Deems  Memorial),  309 
W.  57th  St. 

Sunshine  Chapel.  550  W.  40th  St. 

Temple  (Unsectarian) ,  22  W.  C3d 
St. 

Temple  of  International  Bible  Stu- 
dents' Ass'n,  Inc.,  22  'Vy^.  63d  St. 

TJieosophical  Society,  25  W.  45th 
St.  ' 

Tremont  Temple,  Burnside  Ave. 
and  Grand  Boulevard. 

Tnnity  (Wesleyan  Methodist)  2109 
Madison  Ave. 


MISCELLANEOUS — Continued. 
True  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch, 

21  Bank  St. 
Union  Pilgrim  Rescue,  Holy  Church 

of   the   New   Covenant,   677   E. 

232d  St. 
Union  Pilgrim  Rescue  Mission,  231 

E.   127th  St. 
Universal  Spiritualist  Church,  165 

W.   131st  St. 
Vedanta  Society,  236  Central  Park 

West. 
Volunteers  of  America  (see  Index) . 


MISCELLANEOUS— Continued. 
Waldensian    Church    (French  and 

Italian),  405  W.  4l8t  St. 
Welcome    Mission,   239  W.  145tli 

St. 
Welsh   Calvlnlstic,    505  W.    155th 

St. 
West   Farms  Mission,    1833  Weaf 

Farms  Road. 
West  Side  Gospel  Mission,  269  W. 

47  th  St.  X 

White  Cro.ss  Gospel  Mission.  325 

W.  41st  St. 


CHURCHES    IN    BROOKLYN. 


BAPTIST. 


Antioch,  163  Prince  St. 

Baptist    Temple,    3d    Ave.,    cor. 

Schermerhorn  St. 
Bay    Ridge    (Swedish),    257    Bay 

Ridge  Ave. 
Bedford  Heights,  Bergen  St.,  cor. 

Rogers  Ave. 
Berean    (Col.),    Bergen   St.,    near 

Rochester  Ave. 
Bergen  St.,  697  Bergen  St. 
Bethany     (Col.),     Clermont     and 

Atlantic  Aves. 
Bethel    (Col.),    263    Bergen    St. 
Borough  Park,  48th  St.  and  13th  Ave, 
Bushwlck    Ave.,    Bushwick    Ave., 

cor.  Weirfleld  St. 
Calvary,  14th  St.,  near  4th  Ave. 
Central,  170  Adelphi  St. 
Concord   (Col.),  DufBeld  St.,  near 

Myrtle  Ave. 
East  End,  Van  Sicklen  Ave.,  near 

Glenmore  Ave. 
Emmanuel,    Lafayette   Ave.,    cor, 

St.  James's  PI. 
Euclid  Ave.,  Euclid  Ave.,  cor.  Hill  St, 
First,   Keap  St.   and   Marcy   Ave. 
First   in   Williamsburg,   Lee   Ave., 

cor.  Keap  St. 
First     Canarsie,      Remsen     Ave. 

Canarsie. 
First  In  East  New  York,  Hendrlx 

St.,  near  Fulton  St. 
First  (Col.),  E.  15th  St.,  near  Ave. 

X,  Sheepshead  Bay. 
First   German,    E.    D.,    Montrose, 

near  Union  Ave. 
First  German,  Prospect  Ave.,  near 

6th  Ave. 
First  in  Plerrepont  (see    "Baptist 

Temple"). 
Fii'st  Italian,  16  Jackson  St. 
First  Nor.  Danish,  4th  Ave.,  near 

32d  St. 
First  Swedish,  513  Dean  St. 
Friendship,  447  Elton  St. 
Grace,  6th  Ave.  and  53d  St. 
Greene    Ave.,    Greene    Ave.,    near 

Greenwood,  7th  Ave.  and  6th  St. 
Hanson  Place,  Hanson  PI.,  cor.  S. 

Portland  Ave.  „, 

loly  Trinity   (Col.),   595  Classon 

Ave. 
Cenilworth,  Bedford  Ave.  and  Ave. 

G. 
Lefferts  Park,  76th  St.  and  14th  Ave. 
Lenox  Road,  Nostrand  Ave.,  cor. 

Lenox  Rd. 
McDonough  St.,  Patchen  Ave.,  cor. 

McDonough  St. 
Marcy    Ave.,    Marcy    Ave.,    cor 

Putnam  Ave. 
Memorial,  8th  Ave.  and  16th  St. 
Mount  Lebanon,  291  Howard  Ave. 
Prospect  Park,  Ave.  C  and  E.  4th  St. 
Redeemer,  cor.  Cort«lyou  Rd.  and 

E.  18th  St. 
Salem,  Snyder  Ave.  and  Prospect 

St.  (Flatbush). 
Second  German,   Evergreen  Ave., 

cor   Woodbine. 


BAPTIST — Continued. 

Sixth  Ave.,  6th  Ave.  and  Lincoln  PI. 
Strong     Place,     Strong    PI.,     cor. 

Degraw  St. 
Sumner   Ave.,   Sumner   Ave.,   cor. 

Decatur  St. 
Swedish    Ebenezer,    Herkimer    St. 

and  Schenectady  Ave. 
Tabernacle,  Clinton  St.,  cor.  3d  PI. 
Union,  Noble,  near  Manhattan  Ave. 
Washington  Ave..  Washington  Ave., 

cor.  Gates  Ave. 
Williamsburg    Jewish    Mission, 

Throop  Ave.,  Walton  St. 
Wyckoff,     Summerlield     St.     and 

Forest  Ave.,  Evergreen. 


CHURCH  OF  CHRIST, 

SCIENTIST. 

First,  New  York  Ave.  and  Dean  St 

Second,  86th  St.  and  Ft.  Hamilton 

Parkway. 
Third,  Beverly  Rd.  and  E.  19th  St 
Society,  4416  4th  Ave. 

CONGREGA  TIONAL. 

Beecher  Memorial,  Herkimer  St. 
near  Rockaway  Ave. 

Borough  Park,  49th  St.  and  Fort 
Hamilton  Ave. 

Bushwick  Ave..  Bushwick  Ave., 
cor.  Cornelia  St. 

Central,  Hancock  St.,  near  Frank- 
lin Ave. 

Christ,  Cpney  Island  Ave. and  Ave.  I. 

Clinton  Ave.,  Clinton  Ave.,  cor 
Lafayette  Ave.;  Atlantic  Ave, 
Chapel,  Atlantic  and  Grand  Aves, 

Dyker  Heights,  83d  St.  and   12th 

Evangel,  Bedford  Ave.  and  Haw- 
tiiorne  St. 

Flatbush,  Dorchester  Rd.,  cor.  E. 
18th  St. 

Kings  Highway,  E.  18th  St.  and 
Ave.  P. 

Lewis  Ave.,  Lewis  Ave.,  cor.  Mad- 
ison St. 

Mapleton  Park,  65th  St.,  near  18th 

Nazarene,  412  Herkimer  St. 

Ocean  Ave.,  Ocean  Ave.  and  Ave.  I. 

Park  Slope,  8th  Ave.,  cor.  2d  St. 

Parkvilie,  18th  Ave.  and  E.  5th  St. 

Pilgrim  (Swedish),  413  Atlantic  Ave. 

Pilgrims.  Henry  St.,  cor.  Remsen. 

Plymouth,  Orange  St.,  near  Hicks; 
Mayflower  Mission,  Johnson  and 
Lawrence    Sts.;    (Col.)     Chapel, 

Puritan     Chapel,     Lafayette     and 

Marcy  Aves. 
Redeemer  (Italian),  158  Carroll  St. 
Rockaway  Ave.,  Rockaway  Ave., 

near  Blake  Ave. 
Rugby,  49th  St.  and  Church  Ave. 
Russo-Lettish,  Remsen  and  Henry 

Sts 
South,  President  St.,  cor.  Court  St. 
St.  Mark's.' Decatur  St..  near  Ralph 

Ave. 


CONGREGATION  AL—Continued. 

St.  Paul's  Chapel,  New  York  Ave, 
and  Sterling  PI. 

Swedish-Finnish,  740  4l8t  St. 

Tabernacle,  326  55th  St. 

Tompkins  Ave.,  Tompkins  Ave. 
cor.  McDonough  St.;  Park  Ave' 
Branch,  Park  Ave.,  cor.  Marcy] 

DISCIPLES   OF   CHRIST. 

Borough  Park,  12th  Ave.  and  45th  St. 

Christian,  Sterling  PI.  and  7th  Ave. 

Flatbush,  Dorchester  Rd.  and  Marl- 
borough. 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION. 
Church  of  Peace,  Ridgewood  and 

Nichols  Aves. 
Emanuel,  400  Melrose  St. 
Harrison  Ave.,   121  Harrison  Ave. 
St.  John's,  1737  Linden  St. 
Salem's,  1200  Jefferson  Ave. 
St.  Paul's,  541  Leonard  St. 
Zlon's,  Liberty  Ave.,  near  Wyoua  St. 

FRIENDS. 

Friends  (Hicksite),  110  Schermer- 
horn St. 

Soc.  Friends  (Orthodox),  Lafayette 
and  Washington  Aves. 

GERMAN    EVANG.    SYNOD. 

Bethlehem,     Cortelyou     Rd.,     at 

Ocean  Parkway  and  E.  7th  St. 

JEWISH. 

Ahawath  Achim.  710  Quincy  St. 

Ahawath.Chesed,  742  Jefferson  Ave. 

Ahawatli  Israel,  108  Noble  St. 

Ahawath  Scholom  Beth  Aron,  98 
Scholes  St. 

Anshe  Ernes,  136  Stanhope  St. 

Asifas  Israel,  420  Wallabout  St. 

Beth  Israel,  Harrison  St.,  near 
Court  St. 

Beth  Jacob,  S.  3d  St..  near  Marcy 

Beth  El,  110  Noble  St.,  Greenpoint; 

12th  Ave.  and  4l6t  St. 
Beth  Elohim,  274  Keap  St. 
Beth    Emeth,    Church    Ave.    and 

Marlboro   Road. 
Beth    Hamedrosh    Hagodol,    337 
"SiSackman  St. 

Beth  Jehudah,  904  Bedford  Ave. 
Blkur  Cholim,  Wyona,  near  Fulton 

St. 
Bnai  Israel,  4th  Ave.  and  54th  St. 
B'nal  Jacob,  136  Prospect  Ave. 
Bnai  Sholaum,  399  9th  St. 
Congregation    Anshe    Sfard,    14tli 

Ave.  and  45th  St. 
Congregation  Men  of  Justic-e,  1674 

Park  PI. 
Eighth  Ave.  Temple,  8th  Ave.  and 

Garfield  Place. 
Emanuel    Temple,   4th    Ave.   and 

49th  St. 
Israel,  Bedford  and  Lafayette  Aves. 
Lovers  of  Peace.  Leonard  St.,  eor. 

Stagg. 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 


911 


CHURCHES  IN  BROOKLYN— Con(fn!<ed. 


JE  W ISH — Conn  mtcd. 
Mount  Slnal,  State  and  Hoyt  Sts. 
Oheb   Zedek,   Howard   Ave.,   near 

Herkimer  St. 
Peoples  Temple,  Bay  Parkway  and 

85th  St. 
Shaare  Zedek,  Putnam  Ave.,  near 

Reid  Ave. 
Sons  of  Israel,  Bay  22d  St.,  near 

Benson  Ave. 
Temple    Beth    Sholom,    20th  and 

Benson  Aves. 
Temple    Petach    Tikveh,    Lincoln 

PI.,  cor.  Rochester  Ave. 
Tifereth  Israel,  397  14th  Ave. ;  Ken- 
sington. 
Tifereth    Zion,    Eastern    Parkway 

and  Prospect  PI. 
Wyona  St.  Temple,  2836  Atlantic 

Ave. 
Zemach  Zedek,  125  Moore  St. 

LUTHERAN. 

Advent,  E.  12th  St.  and  Ave.  P. 
Ascension,  13th  Ave.  and  51st  St. 
Bethlehem,  6th  Ave.  and  51st  St. 
Bethlehem,  Marion  St.,  near  Reid 

Ave. 
Bethlehem  (Norwegian),  Russell  St. 

near  Nassau  Ave. 
Calvary,  Rochester  Ave.,  near  Her- 
kimer St. 
Chapel,  703  Coney  Island,  Ave. 
Christ,  1084  Lafayette  Ave. 
Covenant,  218  Elm  Ave. 
Dani-sh,  193  9th  fct. 
Danish,  130  Prospect  Ave. 
Deaf  Mission,  Bushwick  Ave.  and 

Jefferson  St. 
Emmanuel,  421  7th  St. 
Epiphany,  841  Sterling  PI. 
Evangelical,      Schermerhorn      St., 

near  Court  St. 
Finnish,  44th  St.,  near  8th  Ave. 
Finnish     Seamen's     Mission,     529 

Clinton  St. 
First,  Scandinavian,  152  Russell  St. 
Go"Dd  Shepherd,  4th  Ave.  &  75th  St. 
Good  Shepherd,  315  Fenimore  St. 
Grace,   Bushwick  Ave.  and  Weir- 

fleld  St. 
Holy  Trinity,   Jefferson  St.,    near 

Knickerbocker  Ave. 
Immanuel,  S.  9th  St.,  near  Driggs 

Ave. 
Immanuel   (Col.),  1524  Bergen  St 
Incarnation,  54th  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
Lithuanian,  145  Skillman  Ave. 
Mediator,  68th  St.  and  Bay  Park- 
■  way. 

Messiah,  129  Russell  St. 
Mission,  125  Conover  St. 
Norwegian,  4th  Ave.  and  63a  St. 
Norwegian,  4th  Ave.  and  46th  St. 
Norwegian,  12th  Ave.  and  60th  St 
Norwegian,  22  WoodhuU  St. 
Norwegian,  Henry    St.,    near    4th 

Norwegian  Seamen's,  1 1 1  Pioneer  St. 

Our  Saviour,  21  Covert  St. 

Redeemer,  Lenox  Rd.  and  Flat- 
bush  Ave. 

Redeemer,  204  Troy  Ave. 

Reformation,  Barbey  St.,  near  Ar- 
lington Ave.     ,,..,.  , 

St.  Andrew's,  St.  Nicholas  Ave.  and 
Harman  St. 

St.  Barnabas,  42  Lenox  Rd. 

St.  Jacoby,  4th  Ave.,  near  54th  St. 

St.  John's,  193  Maujer  St. 

St.  John's,  84th  St.  and  16th  Ave. 

St.  John's,  New  Jersey  Ave.,  near 
Liberty  St. 

St!  John's,  283  Prospect  Ave. 

St.  John's,  Milton  St.,  near  Man- 
•  hattan  Ave. 

St.  Luke's,  Washmgton  Ave.,  near 
De  Kalb  Ave. 


L  UTHERAN— Continued. 

St.   Mark's,   Bushwick  Ave.,  opp. 

JeSerson  St. 
St.  Mark's,  26  E.  5th  St. 
St.    Matthew's,   E.   92d   St.,   near 

Flatlands  Ave. 
St.  Matthew's,  197  N.  5th  St. 
St.  Matthew's,  6th  Ave.  and  2d  St. 
St.  Paul's,  Knickerbocker  Ave.  and 

Palmetto  St. 
St.  Paul's,  Henry  St.,  near  3d  PI. 
St.  Paul's,  W.  5th  St.,  Coney  Island. 
St.  Paul's,  S.  5th  and  Rodney  Sts. 
St.  Peter's,  Bedford  Ave.,  near  De 

Kalb  Ave. 
St.  Peter's,  94  Hale  Ave. 
St.  Philip's,  63  Magenta  St. 
St.  Stephen's,    Newkirk   Ave.    and 

E.  28th  St. 
Scandiha.-Norwegian,  194  Kent  St. 
Swedish,  3d  Ave.  and  Pacific  St. 
Swedish,  521  Leonard  St. 
Swedish,  46th  St.,  near  4th  Ave. 
Swedish,  392  McDonoueh  St. 
Swedish,  Ashford   St.,    near   Glen- 
more  Ave. 
Swedish,  59th  St.  and  11th  Ave. 
Swedish-Finnish,     44th    St.,     near 

7th  Ave. 
Trinity,  249  Degraw  St. 
Wartburg  Chapel,  Georgia  Ave.  and 

Fulton  St. 
Zion,  Henry  St.,  near  Clark  St. 
Zion,  Bedford   Ave.,   near   Church 

Ave. 

METHODIST   EPISCOPAL. 
Andrew's,  Richmond  St.,  near  Ful- 
ton St. 
Bethel  Ship  (Norwegian),  297  Car- 
roll St. 
Bethel,  Wesleyan,  757  3d  Ave. 
Borough  Park,  50th  St.  and  14th  Av. 
Bowdish,     Neck     Road    and   Van 

Sicklen  St. 
Buffalo   Ave.,    Buffalo   Ave.,    cor. 

Bergen  St. 
Bushwick  Ave.  Central,  Bushwick 

Ave.,  cor.  Madison  St. 
Cornerstone    Temple,    Manhattan 

Ave.  and  Noble  St. 
Cropsey  Ave.,  Crop.sey  Ave.,  near 

Bay  35th  St. 
De  Kalb  Ave.,  De  Kalb  Ave.,  near 

Franklin  Ave. 
Ebenez^  Wesleyan,  118  Myrtle  Ave 
Eighteenth  St.,  18th  St.,  near  5th 

Ave. 
Embury,  Decatur  St.,   cor.   Lewis 

Ave. 
Fenimore  St.,  Fenimore  St.,  near 

Rogers  Ave. 
First  (Sands  St.  Memorial),  Henry 

cor.   Clark   St. 
First  PI.,  1st  PI.,  cor.  Henry  St. 
Flatlands,   Flatlands  Ave.   and  E 

40th  St. 
Fleet  St.,  43  Fleet  St. 
Fourth  Ave.,  4th  Ave.,  cor.  47th  St. 
Goodsell,      Sheridan     Ave.,      cor, 

McKinley  Ave. 
Grace,  7th  Ave.,  cor.  St.  John's  PI. 
Grace,  4th  and  Ovington  Aves. 
Greene  Ave.  (German),  1171  Greene 

Greenpoint,  Manhattan  Ave.  and 
Noble  St. 

Hanson  PI.,  Hanson  PL,  cor.  St. 
Felix  St.  .        ^  „ 

Herkimer  St.,  Russell  PI.  and  Her- 
kimer St.  ,„„  ^ 

Immanuel  (Swedish),  426  Dean  St 

Janes,  Reid  Ave.,  cor.  Monroe  St 

Knickerbocker  Ave.,  Knickerbocker 
Ave.,  cor.  Menahan  St. 

Maroy  Ave..  Marcy  Ave.,  cor. 
Penna.  Ave. 


METHODIST  EPISCOPAL— 

Continued. 

New  York  Ave.,  New  York  Ave." 

cor.  Dean  St. 
Norwegian,  St.  Paul,  Bethel  Ship 

Mission, Richards  and  SullivanSts. 
Nostrand  Ave.,  Nostrand  Ave.,  cor. 

Quincy  St. 
Ocean  Parkway,  Ocean  Parkway, 

near  Foster  Ave. 
Prospect    Ave.,     Greenwood    and 

Prospect  Aves 
St.  James's,  84th  St.,  near  20th  Ave. 
St.    John's,     Bedford    Ave.,    cor. 

Wilson  St. 
St.  Mark's,  Ocean  Ave.,  cor.  Bev- 
erly Rd. 
St.  Paul's  (German),  Marcy  Ave., 

cor.  Penn  St. 
Salem  (German) ,  Vanderveer  Park, 

E.  38th  St.  and  Ave.  D. 
Sheepshead  Bay,  Voorhies  Ave.,  cor. 

Ocean  Ave. 
Simpson,  Clermont  Ave.,  cor.  WIl- 

loughby  Ave. 
Sixth  Ave.,  8th  St.,  near  6th  Ave. 
South  Second,  191  S.  2d  St. 
South  Third  St.,  S.  3d  St.,  near 

Hewes  St. 
Summerfleld,     Washington     Ave., 

cor.  Greene  Ave. 
Sumner   Ave.,   Sumner  Ave.,   cor. 

Van  Buren  St. 
Sunset  Park,  7th  Ave.  and  45th  St. 
Swedish  Bethany,  St.  John's  Place, 

near  Albany  Ave. 
Swedish  Elim,  48th  St.  and  7th  Ave. 
Union,  Leonard,  cor.  Conselyea  St. 
Vanderveer  Park,  E.  31st  St.  and 

Glenwood  Rd. 
Warren  St.,  Warren,  nr.  Smith  St. 
Wesley,  Glenmore  Ave.,  cor.  Atkins. 
Williams  Ave.,  Williams  Ave.,  near 

Atlantic  Ave. 

METHODIST   EPISCOPAL 

(AFRICAN). 

Bethel,     Schenectady    Ave.,     cor. 

Dean  St. 
Bridge  St.,  313  Bridge  St. 
Grace,  332  Classon  Ave. 
St.  John's,   Howard  and   Atlantic 

Aves. 

METHODIST   EPISCOPAL 
(AFRICAN,    ZION). 
First,  W.  3d  St.,  Coney  Island. 
Fleet  St.,  Bridge  St.,  near  Myrtle 

Ave. 
Jones,  Bergen  St.,  near  Classon  Ave. 
Union,  Ralph  Ave.,  near  Bergen  St. 

METHODIST,    FREE. 
First,  124  16th  St. 
Hooper  St.,  76  Hooper  St. 

METHODIST,    PRIMITIVE. 
First,  Park  PI.,  near  Nostrand  Ave. 
Orchard,  49  Oakland  St. 

METHODIST,  PROTESTANT. 
Christ,  Coney  Island  Ave.  and  Ave. 

1. 
Grace,  E.  92d  St.  and  Church  Lane. 

MORAVIAN. 
First,  Jay  St.,  near  M'ynle  Ave. 

PENTECOSTAL. 

Atlantic,  568  Atlantic  Ave.,  near 
4th  Ave.  ,   . .     ^ 

Bedford,  Ainslie  St.  and  Manhat- 
tan Ave. 

John  Wesley,  Saratoga  Ave.  and 
Sumpter  St.  ,^ 

Nazarene,  Utioa  Ave.,  bet.  Dean 
and  Bergen  Sts. 


912 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 


CHURCHES  IN  BROOKLYN— Co/iitnMed. 


PRESBYTERIAN. 

Alnslle  St.,  neax  Manhattan  Ave. 
Arlington    Ave.,    cor.    Elton    St.; 

Italian  Br.,  277  Elton  St. 
Bay   Ridge,    81st    St.,    cor.    Ridge 

Boulevard;    Fort     Hamilton 

Branch,  94th  St.  and  4th  Ave. 
Bedford,  Dean  St.,  cor.  Nostrand 

Ave. 
Bethany,    McDonough    St.,    near 

Howard  Ave. 
Borough  Park,  46th  St.  and  15th 

Ave. 
Bushwick  Ave.,  Bush*lck  Ave.  and 

Menahan  St. 
Central,  Marcy  Ave.,  cor.  Jefferson 

Ave. 
Classon  Ave.,   Classon   Ave.,   cor. 

Monroe  St. 
Cuyler,  358  Pacific  St. 
Duryea,  Sterling  PI.  and  Underhlll 

Ave. 
Ebenezer,  Stockholm  St.,  near  St. 

Nicholas  Ave. 
ruth    German,    HaLsey    St.,    near 

Central  Ave.  , 

First    English,    WlUoughby    Ave., 

near  Broadway. 
First,  Henry  St.,   near  Clark  St.; 

City  Park  Br.,  209  Concord  St. 
Flrgt  of  Bensonhurst,  23d  Ave.  and 

83d  St. 
Flatbush,  E.  23d  St.,  near  Foster 

Ave. 
Franklin  Ave.,  165  Fi-anklln  Ave. 
Frle(}ens'  KIrche,  Willoughby  Ave., 

near  Broadway. 
Glemnore  Ave.,  Glenmore  Ave.,  cor. 

Doscher      St.;      Russo     Lettish 

Church    Mission,    Remsen    and 

Henry    Sts. 
Grace,  Stuyvesaut  Ave.,  cor.  Jef- 
ferson Ave. 
Greene   Ave.,    Greene    Ave.,    near 

Reid  Ave. 
Homecrest,    cor.     Ave.  T  and  E. 

15th  St. 
Irving   Square,    Weii-fleld   St.   and 

Hamburg  Ave. 
Lafayette  Ave.,  Lafayette  Ave.,  cor. 
.  S.  Oxford  St.:  Gregg  Chapel,  190 

4th      Ave.;       Cumberland     St. 

Church,    103   Cumberland   St. 
Leflerts  Park,  15th  Ave.  and  72d  St. 
Memorial,  7th  Ave.,  cor.  St.  John's 

PI. 
Mount  Olivet,  Evergreen  Ave.,  cor. 

Troutman  St. 
Noble  St.,  Noble  St.,  cor.  Lorimer  St. 
Olivet,  Bergen  St.,  near  6th  Ave. 
Prospect   Heights,   8tb   Ave.,   cor. 

10th  St. 
Spencer    Memorial,     Clinton    St., 

cor.  Remsen  St. 
SUoam  (Col.),  406  Lafayette  Ave. 
South,  24th  St.,  near  4th  Ave. 
South   Third   St..    S.    3d   St.,   cor. 

Drlggs  Ave. 
Throop   Ave.,    Throop    Ave.    and 

Macon  St. 
Wells    Memorial,    Glenwood    and 

Argyle  Rds. 
Westminster,  Clinton  St.,  cor.  1st  PI. 
Wyckoff  Heights,  Harman  St.,  near 

St.  Nicholas  Ave. 

UNITED   PRESBYTERIAN. 

E.  Brooklyn,  Enfield  and  Etna  Sts. 
Knox,  6th  Ave.  and  48th  St. 
Second,  Atlantic  Ave.,  cor.  Bond  St. 
South,  75th  St.,  near  6th  Ave. 
Westminster,   Bainbridge   St.   and 
Hopkinson  Ave. 

^^PROTBSTANT    EPISCOPAL. 

Frederick  Burgess,  Bishop, 

Garden  City,  L.  I. 

Aflvent,  75th  St.  and  17th  Ave. 
All  Saints',  7th  Ave.,  cor.  7th  St. 


PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL— 
■  Continued. 

Annunziazlone  (Italian),  1412  67th 
St. 

Ascension,  Kent  St.,  near  Manhat- 
tan Ave. 

Atonement,  17th  St.,  near  5th  Ave. 

Calvary,  966  Bushwick  Ave. 

Christ,  E.  D.,  Bedford  Ave.,  near 
Division  Ave. 

Christ,  Clinton  St.,  cor.  Harris  in  St. 

Christ  CliapeL  Wolcott  St.,  near 
Van  Brunt  St. 

Christ,  Ridge  Boulevard  and  73d  St. 

Emmanuel,  E.  23d  St.,  Sheepshead 
Bay. 

Epiphany,  Ave.  R  and  E.  17th  St. 

Good  Shepherd,  McDonough  St., 
near  Lewis  Ave. 

Grace,  E.  D.,  Conselyea  St.,  near 
Lorimer  St. 

Grace,  Hicks  St.,  cor.  Grace  Court. 

Holy  Apostles,  Greenwood  Ave., 
cor.  Prospect. 

Holy  Comforter  Chapel,  44  Debe- 
voise  St. 

Holy  Cross  Mission,  17fi  St.  Nicho- 
las Ave. 

Holy  Spirit,  Bay  Parkway,  cor. 
82d  St. 

Holy  Trinity,  Clinton  St.,  cor. 
Montague  St. 

Incarnation,  Gates  Ave.,  near  Clas- 
son Ave. 

Messiah,  Greene  Ave.,  cor.  Cler- 
mont Ave. 

Nativity,  Ocean  Ave.  and  Ave.  F. 

Redeemer,  Pacific  St.,  cor.  4tli  Ave. 

St.  Agnes,  2005  60th  St. 

St.  Alban's.  Ave.  F,  cor.  E.  94th  St. 

St.  Andrew's,  50th  St.  and  4th  Ave. 

St.  Ann's,  Clinton,  cor.  Livingston 
St. 

St.  Augustine's,  St.  Edward's  St., 
near  Myrtle  Ave. 

St.  Barnabas's  (Col.),  Belmont  Ave. 
and  Elton  St. 

St.  Bartholomew's,  Pacific  St.,  near 
Bedford  Ave. 

St.  Clement's,  Pennsylvania  Ave., 
cor.  Liberty. 

St.  Gabriel's.  Hawthorne  St.,  near 
Nostrand  Ave. 

St.  George's,  Marcy  Ave.,  cor.  Gates. 

St.  James's,  St.  James  PI.,  cor. 
Lafayette  Ave. 

St.  John  the  Baptist's,  Webster 
Ave.  and  Ocean  Parkway. 

St.  John's,  St.  John's  PI.,  cor.  7th 
Ave. 

St.  John's,  99th  St.,  cor.  Fort 
Hamilton  Ave. 

St.  John's  Hos.  Chapel,  Atlantic 
Ave.,  cor.  Albany. 

St.  Jude's,  55th  St.,  cor.  14th  Ave. 

S't.  Luke's,  Clinton  Ave.,  near  Ful- 
ton St. 

St.  Lydia's.  Glenmore  Ave.  and 
Crystal  St. 

St.  Margaret's  Chapel,  42d  St.,  near 
Fort  Hamilton  Ave. 

St.  Mark's,  Adelphi  St.,  near  De 
Kalb  Ave. 

St.  Mark's,  Brooklyn  Ave.  and 
Eastern  Parkway. 

St.  Martin's,  President  St.  and 
Carroll  Park. 

St.  Mary's,  Classon,  near  WlUough- 
by Ave. 

St.  Matthew's,  McDonough  St.  and 
Tompkins  Ave. 

St.  Matthias's,  Sheepshead  Bay. 

St.  Michael's,  High  St.,  near  Gold  St. 

St.  Paul's,  Clinton  St.,  cor.  Carroll. 

St.  Paul's,  Church  Ave.,  cor.  St. 
Paul's  PI. 

St.  Peter's,  State  St.,  near  Bond  St. 

St.  Philip's,  11th  Ave.,  cor.  80th  St. 


PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL— 
Continued. 

St.  Philip's,  Dean  St.,  near  Troy 

Ave. 
St.  Simon's,  Ave.  K  and  E.  12th  St. 
St.   Stephen's,   Patchen  Ave.,  cor. 

Jeffenson  Ave. 
St.    Thomas's,    Cooper    St.,    cor; 

Bushwick  Ave. 
St.  Timothy's,  Howard  Ave.,  near 

Fulton  St. 
Transfiguration,     Ridgewood     and 

Railroad  Aves. 
Trinity,      Arlington      Ave.,      near 

Schenck  Ave. 

REFORMED    EPISCOPAL. 
Grace,  Herkimer  St.,  near  Saratoga 

Ave. 
Reconciliation,  Jefferson  Ave.,  cor. 

Nostrand  Ave. 
Redemption,     Leonard    St.,    near 

Norman  Ave. 

REFORMED        CHURCH        IN 

AMERICA. 
Bay  Ridge,  Ridge  Boulevard  and 

80th  St. 
Bethany  Reformed,  Clermont  Ave., 

near  Willoughby  Ave. 
Church  of  Jesus,  64  Menahan  St. 
Dutch  Evang.,  Conkllu  Ave.,  Cau- 

arsie. 
Edgewood,  53d  St.  and  14th  Ave. 
First     Church     of     Williamsburg, 

Bedford  Ave.  and  Clymer  St. 
Flatbush    (First),    Flatbush    Ave., 

cor.  Church  Ave. 
I'"latbush    (Second),    Church   Ave., 

cor.  Bedford  Ave. 
Flatlands,  Kouwenhoven  PI.,  near 

E.  40th  St. 
Grace.   Lincoln  Rd.,  cor.  Bedford 

Ave. 
Gravesend,  115  Neck  Rd. 
Greenwood  Heights,  7th  Ave.,  cor. 

45th   St. 
Heights,    Church    on    the,    Pierre- 

pont  St.,  near  Henry. 
Kent  St.,  Kent  St..  near  Manhattan 

Ave.:    Children's    Mission,    125 

Eagle  St. 
New  Brooklyn,  Herkimer  St.,  cor. 

Dewey  PI. 
New    Lots,    New    Lots    Rd.,    cor. 

Schenck  Ave 
New  Utrecht,  18th  Ave  ,  near  83d  St. 
Ocean  Hill,  Herkimer  St.,  cor.  Hop- 
kinson St. 
Old     Bushwick,     Conselyea     and 

Humboldt  Sts. 
Old  First.  7th  Ave.,  cor.  Carroll  St. 
South,  4th  Ave.  and  55th  St. 
St.  Petri,  German  Evang.;  Branch 

at     1357     Greene    Ave.;    Union 

Ave.,  cor.  Scholes  St. 
S.   Bu.shwick,   Bushwick  Ave.   and 

Hlmrod  St. 
Twelfth  St.,  12th  St.,  near  5th  Ave. 
Wlnfielrl.  Woodside  and  Lee  .\ves. 
Woodlawn,  Ave.  M  and  E.  9tb  St. 

REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  THE 

UNITED   STATES. 
Christ  Evaag..  5i  Wyona  St.' 
Gerraan  Emanuel,  410  Graham  Ave. 
German      Evang.      Reformed     at 

Ridgewood,   cor.  Grove  St.  and 

Onderdonk    Ave. 
St.  Luke's,  53  Sutton  St. 

ROMAN   CATHOLIC. 

Bishop  of  Brooklyn,  Riglii  Reverena 

Charles  E.  McDonnell,  S67  CUT" 

mont  Ave. 
All  Saints'  (German),  Throop  Ave,, 

cor.  Thornton  St. 
Annunciation    of    the    B.    V.    M. 

(German),     N.     5th    St.,    cor. 

Havemeyer  St. 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 

CHURCHES  IN  BROOKL,yN— Continued. 


913 


RQJi'IAN  CATHOLIC — Continued. 
Assumption  of  tlie  B.  V.  M.,  Cran- 
berry St. 
Blessed  Sacrament,  Fulton  St.,  cor. 

Euclid  Ave. 
Chapel   of   St.    John's   Home,    St. 

Mark's  Ave.,  cor.  Albany  Ave. 
Chapel  of  St.  Mary's  Female  Ho.?- 

pltal,  155  Dean  St. 
Chapel  of  St.  Mary's  General  Hos- 
pital, Rochester  and  St.  Mark's 

Aves.  ,    , 

Chapel    of    St.    Peter's    Hospital, 

Henry  St.,  cor.  Warren  St. 
Chapel    of    the    Good    Shepherd, 

Hopkinson  Ave.,  cor.  Pacific  St. 
Chapel  of  the  Precious  Blood,  Fort 

Hamilton  Parkway  and  54th  St. 
Chapel  of  the  Visitation  Convent, 

Ridge  Boulevard  and  89th  St. 
Epiphany,  100-104  S.  9tU  St. 
Fourteen    Holy    Martyrs,    Central 

Ave.,  cor.  Covert  St. 
Guardian  Angel,   Ocean  Parkway, 

near  Neptune  Ave. 
Holy    Cross,    Church    Ave.,    near 

Rogers. 
Holy     Family     (Slovak),     Nassau 

Ave.,  near  15th  St. 
Holy  Family,  Rockaway  Ave.  and 

98th  St. 
Holy  Family   (German),   13th  St.. 

near  4th  Ave. 
Holy  Innocents,  E.   17th  St.  and 

Beverly  Rd. 
Holy  Name  of  Jesus,  Prospect  Park 

West  and  Prospect  .\ve. 
Holy  Rosary,  Chauncey  St.,  near 

Reid  Ave. 
Immaculate   Conception,    Leonard 

St.,  cor.  Maujer. 
ImmacuUite  Heart  of  Mary.   Fort 

Hamilton  Ave.,  cor.  E.  4th  St. 
Most  Holy  Trinity  (German),  132 

Montrose  Ave. 
Nativity,  Classon  Ave.,  cor.  Mad- 
ison St. 
Our  Lady  of  Angels,  4th  Ave.,  cor. 

74th  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Charity,  Dean  St.,  near 

Schenectady  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Consolation  (Polish) 

Metropolitan  Ave.  and  Berry  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Czenstochowa  (Polish) 

25th  St.,  near  4th  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Good  Counsel,  Put- 
nam, near  Ralph  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe,  73d  St.  and 

15th  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Lebanon  (Maronite), 

Hicks  St.,  near  State  St. 
Our    Lady    of    Loretto     (Italian), 

Pacific  St.,  cor.  Sackman  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Lourdes,  De  Sales  PI.. 

near  Broadway. 
Our  Lady  of  Mercy,  Scherraerhorn 

St.,  near  Bond. 
Our  Lady  of  Mount  Carmel,  N.  8th 

St.  and  Union  Ave. 
Om-  Lady  of  Peace  (Italian),  526 

Carroll  St.  ,  ^^  ,      ^,^ 

Our  Lady  of  Perpetual  Help,  5th 

Ave.,  near  59th  St. 
Our  Lady  of  Pilar,  Clermont  Ave. 
Om-  Lady  of  the  presentation.  Rock- 
away  Ave.,  cor.  St.  Mark's  Ave. 
Our   Lady   of  Refuge,   Ocean  and 

Foster  Aves. 
Our  Lady  of  the  Rosary  of  Pompeii, 

Seigel  St.,  oH  Bushwick  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Solace,  W.  17th  St.  and 

Mei-maid  Ave. 
Our  Lady  of  Sorrows,  Morgan  Ave. 

and  Harrison  PI. 
Our  Lady  of  Victory,  Tliroop  Ave., 

cor.  AIcDonough  St. 
Queen  of  .Ml  Saints,  Lalayette  and 

Vauderbilt  Aves. 
Sacred  Heart,  Barren  Island. 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC—Continued. 
Sacred  Heart,  Clermont  Ave.,  near 

Park  Ave. 
Sacred  Hearts  of  Jesus  and  Mary, 

Degraw  and  Hicks  Sts. 
Spanish  Mission,  Cumberland  St., 

near  Lafayette  Ave. 
St.  Agatha's,  50th  St.  and  7th  Ave. 
St.  Agnes's,  Hoyt  St.,  cor.  Sackett. 
St.  Aloj'sius's,  Onderdonk  Ave.  and 

Stanhope  St. 
St.  Alphousus's,  177  Kent  Ave. 
St.  Ambrose's,  Tompkins  Ave.,  cor. 

De  Kalb  Ave. 
St.  Anne's,  Front  St.,  cor.  Gold. 
St.  Anthony  of  Padua's,  Manhattan 

Ave.  and  Milton  St. 
St.    Athanasius's,    22d    Ave.    and 

Ocean  Boulevard. 
St.  Augustine's,  6th  Ave.  and  Ster- 
ling PI. 
St.    Barbara's,    Central   Ave.,   cor. 

Bleecker  St. 
St.    Benedict's    (German),    Fulton 

St.,  near  Ralph  Ave. 
St.    Bernard's    (German),    Rapelye 

St..  cor.  Hicks. 
St.    Blaise's,    Kingston    Ave.    and 

Maple  St. 
St.   Boniface's   (German),   DufBeld 

St.,  near  Willoughby  St. 
St.  Brendan's,  Ave.  O  and  E.  12th  St. 
St.   Brigid's,    Linden   St.,   cor.   St. 

Nicholas  Ave. 
St.  Casimir's   (Polish),  40  Greene 

Ave. 
St.   Catherine  of  Alexandria,   41st 

St.  and  Fort  Hamilton  Parkway. 
Ot.  Catherine  of  Genoa,  124  E.  40th 

St. 
St.    Cecilia's,   N.   Henry   St.,    cor. 

Herbert  St. 
St.  Charles  Borromeo's,  Sidney  PI., 

cor.  Livingston  St. 
St.  Columbkille's,  140-146  Dupont 

St. 
St.  Edward's,  St.  Edward's  St.,  cor. 

Leo  PI. 
St.    Elias's    (Ruthenian),    Leonard 

St.,  near  Greenpoint  Ave. 
St.  Flnbar's,  Bay  20th  St.  and  Bath 

.\ve. 
St.  Frances  de  Chantal's,  57th  St., 

near  13th  Ave. 
St.  Fi-ancis  of  Assisi,  Lincoln  Rd. 

and  Nostrand  Ave. 
St.   Fi-ancis   Xavler's,   Carroll   St., 

cor.  6th  Ave. 
St.   Gabriel's,   New  Ix)t3  Rd.  and 

Linwood  St. 
St.  George's  (Lithuanian),  225  High 

St. 
St.  Gregory's,  Brooklyn  Ave.  and 

St.  John's  PI. 
.St.  Ignatius's,  Nostrand  Ave.  and 

Carroll  St. 
St.  James's  Pro-Cathedral,  Jay  St., 

cor.  Chapel  St. 
St.    Jerome's,    cor.    Newkh'k    and 

Nostrand  Aves. 
St.  John  Canlius's  (Polish),  Blake 

and  New  Jersey  Aves. 
St.  John  the  Baptist's,  Willoughby 

Ave.,  near  Lewis  Ave. 
St.  John  the  Evangelist's.  21st  St., 

near  5th  Ave. 
St.  John's  Chapel,  Clermont  Ave., 

near  Greene  Ave. 
St.  Joseph's,  PaciBc  St.,  near  Van- 

dcrbilt  Ave. 
St-.    Leonard    of    Port    Maurice's 
(German),   Hambm-g   Ave.,   cor. 

Jefrerson  St. 
St.   Louis's,   Ellery  St.,  near  Nos- 
trand Ave. 
St.    Lucy's    (Italian),    Kent   Ave., 

near  Park  Ave. 
St.  Malacliy's,  Van  Sicklea  Ave., 
near  Atlantic  Ave. 


ROMAN  CA  THOLIC— Continued. 

St.  Mark's,  E.  14th  St.  and  Shore  Rd. 
St.    Martin    of   Tours's,    Knickex'- 

bocker  Ave.  and  Hancock  St. 
St.  Mary.  Mother  of  Jesus,  85th  St., 

cor.  23d  Ave. 
St.  Mary,  Queen  of  Angels  (Lithu- 
anian). S.  4th  and  Roebllng  Sts. 
St.  Mary's  Star  of  the  Sea,  Court 

St.,  cor.  Luquer. 
St.  Mary  the  Virgin  (Greek  Mel- 

chite),  84  State  St. 
St.    Matthew's,    Utica   Ave.,    cor. 

Lincoln  PI. 
t.    Matthias's,    Elm   Ave.,   near 

Woodward. 
St.  Michael's,  4th  Ave.,  cor.  42d  St. 
St.   Michael's  Archangel  (Italian) 

230  Concord  St. 
St.    Michael's    (German),    Jerome 

St.,  near  Liberty  Ave. 
St.    Nicholas's    (German),    Devoe 

St.,  cor.  Olive  St. 
St.     Patrick's,     Kent    Ave.,     co'*. 

Willoughby  Ave. 
St.  Patrick's,  95th  St.,  cor.  4tb  Avei 
St.  Paul's,  Court  St.,  cor.  Coneress 

St. 
St.  Peter's,  HlcksSt.,  cor.  Warren  S'. 
SS.  Peter  and  Paul's,  Wythe  Ave., 

near  S.  2d  St. 
St.  Rit.a,  Essex  St.,  near  Atlantic 

Ave. 
St.  Rocco  (Italian),  27th  St.,  near 

4th  Ave. 
St.  Rosalia's  (Italian),  62d  St.  and 

14th  Ave. 
St.  Rose  of  Lima's,  Lawrence  Avie., 

ParkvlIIe. 
St.  Saviour's.  6th  St.  and  8th  Avo. 
SS.  Simon  and  Jude,  Ave.  T  and 

Van  Sicklen  St. 
St.     Stanislaus     Martyr     (Scandi- 
navian), 14th  St.,  near  6th  Ave. 
St.    Stanislaus    Kostka's    (Polish), 

Driggs  Ave.,  near  Humboldt  St. 
St.    Stephen's,    Summit    St.,    cor. 

Hicks  St. 
St.    Teresa's.    Classon    Ave.,    cor. 

Sterling  PI. 
St.   Thomas   Aqulnas's,   4th   Ave., 

cor.  9t.h  St. 
St.    Thomas    Aqulnas's,    Flatbusb 

and  Flatlands  Aves. 
St.  Vincent  de  Paul's,  N.  6th  St., 

near  Driggs  Ave. 
Transfiguration,    Hooper   St.,   cor. 

Marcy  Ave. 
Visitation  of  the  B.  V.  M.,  Verona 

St.,  cor.  Richards  St. 

SEVENTH-DAY  ADVBNTISTS, 

Danish-Norwegian,  676  Hicks  St. 
English  Brooklyn,  Sterling  PI.,  near 

7th  Ave. 
German,  1831  Gates  Ave. 
No.  2  (Colored),  1661  Dean  St. 
Swedish,  7th  Ave.  and  45th  St. 

SWEDENBORGIAN. 

Church  of  New  Jerusalem,  Monroe 

PI.  and  Clark  St. 
First     (German),     Jetterson     and 

Knickerbocker  Aves. 
Second  (German),  Gates  Ave,  and 

Broadway. 


UNITARIAN. 

Flatbush     (Fourth),    E.   19th   St., 

cor.  Beverly  Bd. 
Saviour     (First),    Plerrepont    St., 

cor.  Monroe   PI.     Willow   Place 

Chapel. 
Second,  Clinton  St.,  cor.  Congress  St. 
Unity    (Third),  Gates  Ave.,   cor. 

Irvii:ig  PI. 


914 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  New  York. 


CHURCHES  IN  BROOKLYN — Continued. 


UNIVERSALIST. 
All    Souls'    Church,    Ditmas    and 

Good   Tidings,    Madison   St.,   cor. 

Stuyvesant  Ave. 
Our     Father,     Grand     Ave.,   near 

Fulton  St. 

MISCELLANEO  US. 

Brethren,  354  60th  St. 

Brooklyn  Spiritual  Soc,  28  Irving 

PI. 
Brooklyn  Tabernacle,  17  Hicks  St. 
Christian  Church  of   the   Evangel, 

678  Leonard  St. 
Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance, 

320  Scherraerhorn  St. 
Church  oJ   Divine   Light,   Qulncy 

St..  near  Reid  Ave. 


BAPTIST. 
Ebenezer    (Col.),    S.    Prince    St.. 

Flushing. 
Elmhurst,  Whitney  Ave.,  cor.  Judge 

St. 
First,    11th    St.,    near    Ely    Ave., 

L.  I.  City. 
First,  Flushing,  Stanford  Ave.  and 

Union  St. 
First.    Grove    St.,    near    Flushing 

Ave.,  Jamaica. 
First,  Woodslde  Ave.  and  5th  St., 

Woodslde. 
First,   389   Hancock   St.,   Ravens- 
wood. 
Forest  Parkview  Chapel,  Glendale. 
Richmond  Hill,   Fulton  Ave.,   cor. 

Stoothoff  Ave. 
St.  Stephen's   (Col.),   133   Camella 

St.,  Astoria. 
8hiloh     (Col.),     100    Douglas    St., 

.Tfl-TTIfllfifl. 

Union   Course,    1st   St.   and   Shaw 

Ave..  Union  Course. 
Wyckoff,  Summerfield  and  Forest 

Aves. 

CHURCH  OF  CHRIST, 

SCIENTIST. 

First,    Far    Rockaway,     Masonic 

Temple,  Mott  Ave. 
First,  Flushing,  93  Murray  St. 
First.   Richmond  Hill,   Greenwood 

Ave. 
Society,  Jamaica,  Masonic  Temple, 
Union  Ave. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 
Broadway,  22d  St.,  Flushing. 
Christ,   Columbia  Ave.  and  Ferris 

St.,  Woodhaven. 
Church    In    the    Gardens,    Forest 

HUls. 
First.  Bowne  Ave.  and  Lincoln  St., 

Flushing. 
First.  Rockaway  Beach.  Boulevard 

and  9th  St. 
First,  Walker  and   Grafton  Aves., 

Woodhaven. 
Forest,  Parkview.  Glendale. 
Pilgrim,    Ridgewood    and    Oxford 

Sts.,  Richmond  Hill. 
Union,     Oak     and     Orchard     Sts., 

Richmond  Hill. 
Van  Wyck  Ave.,  Dunton. 

DISCIPLES   OF   CHRIST. 
Forest  Ave.,    Ridgewood    Heights, 
Forest  and  Linden  Aves. 

EVANGELICAL. 
Collegiate  Union  of  Corona:  Union. 

Evang.,  45  Grand  Ave.;  Leverick 

Memorial,    Burnslde    Ave.  and 

46th  St..  Corona. 
Emmanuel  (German),  BIgelow  and 

Jerome  Aves..  Woodhaven. 


MISCELLANEOUS— Conttnued. 

Church  of  God  and  Followers  of 
Christ  (Colored).  163  Prince  St. 

Church  of  the  Second  Advent, 
Greene  Ave.,  near  Tompkins  Ave. 

Divine  Science,  Church  of  the  Heal- 
ing Christ,  Lafayette  and  Cler- 
mont  Aves. 

Ethical  Culture  Soc,  Academy  of 
Music. 

First  Free  Baptist.SKeap  St.,  cor. 
Marcy  Ave. 

Flatbush  Christian,  Dorchester  Rd. 
and  E.  18th  St. 

Grace  Gospel,  Bainbrldge  St.,  near 
Saratoga  Ave. 

Higher  Lite  Fellowship,  76  Hanson 
PI. 

Latter-Day  Saints,  Park  PI.  and 
Schenectady  Ave. 

CHURCHES    IN    QUEENS. 

JEWISH. 

Anawath  Israel,  N.  Washington 
and  Fulton  Sts.,  Jamaica. 

Congregation  Independent  of  Tl- 
fareth  Israel,  Corona. 

Derech  Emunah,  Vernon  and  Ocean 
Aves. 

Rockaway  Beach,  Boulevard  and 
Dodges  St. 

Shaarey  Zadek,  Arverne. 

Temple  Israel,  10  S.  Falrvlew  Ave., 
Rockaway  Beach;  Corona;  Roa- 
noke St.,  Far  Rockaway. 
LUTHERAN. 

Christ,  144  5th  St.,  Woodslde. 

Christ,  Rosedale. 

Christ,  Jerome  Ave.,  Woodhaven 

Christ,  Floral  Park. 

Covenant,  Elm  and  Buchmann  Aves. 

Emanuel.  Sycamore  Ave.  and  High 
St.,  Corona. 

Emmaus,  Doscher  Ave.  and  Cor- 
nelia St.,  Ridgewood  Heights. 

Good  Shepherd,  Ashby  and  Horan 
Aves.,  South  Ozone  Park. 

Grace,  Lyceum  Hail,  Queens. 

Holy  Trinity,  Hollis. 

Immanuel,  21st  St.,  near  8th  Ave. 
Whitestone. 

Mission,  Bayside  Park  Ave.  and 
2d  St. 

Mission,  Port  Washington. 

Redeemer,  Cooper  and  Fosdick 
Aves.,  Glendale. 

St.  Andrew's,  Glen  Morris. 

St.  Jacobus,  WinfleW. 

St.  James's,  Winfleld,  Grove  and 
Prospect  Sts. 

St.  John's.  6th  Ave.  and  14th  St., 
College  Point. 

St.  John's.  18*5  Percy  St.,  Flushing. 

St.  John's,  AVilton  St..  near  Atlan- 
tic Ave.,  Maspeth. 

St.  John's,  StoothofI  Ave..  Rich- 
mond Hill. 

St.  Luke's.  Yarmouth  and  Downing 
Sts..  Woodhaven. 

St.  Mark's.  New  York  Ave.,  near 
South  St.,  Jamaica. 

St.  Paul's,  Stoothoff  Ave.,  near 
Ridgewood  Ave.,  Richmond  Hill. 

St.  Paul's,  Dunton,  L.  I. 

Swedish,  Potter  Ave.,  L.  I.  City. 

Swedish,  Clinton  St.,  "near  Shell 
Rd.,  Corona. 

Swedish,  Richmond  Hill. 

Trinity,  Middle  Village. 

Trinity,  8th  Ave.,  near  Broadway, 
L.  I.  City. 

Trinity,  Andrew   and   Pacific   Sts., 
Maspeth. 
METHODIST   EPISCOPAL. 

Bayside,  Palace  Ave.  and  West 
St.,  Bayside. 

Corona,  Kingsland  and  Alburtis 
Aves.  Corona. 


MISCELLANEOUS — Conttnwa. 
Latter     Day     Saints     (Mormon) 

Gates  and  Reid  Aves. 
Lighthouse,  Myrtle  Ave.  and  Hart 

St. 
Meserole,  128  Meserble  Ave. 
New   Jerusalem,   Monroe  iPl.,  cor. 

Clark  St. 
Norwegian   Evan.   Free.    15th   St. 

and  4th  Ave.;  Annex.  52d  St.  and 

8th  Ave. 
People's.  77  Sutton  St. 
Reformed  Presbyterian.  452  Mon- 
roe St. 
South  Brooklyn  Gospel,  4th  Ave., 

cor.  56th  St. 
St.  Nicholas  Greek  Orthodox,  301 

Pacific  St. 
Vanderveer  Park,  New  York  Ave. 

and  Ave.  D. 


METHODIST     EPISCOPAL— 
Continued. 

Corona  Italian  Mission.  52  Moore 

St. 
Elmhurst.  Medina  PI.  and  Grove  St. 
Epworth.  8th  Ave.  and  20th  St., 

Whitestone. 
First,  Amity  St.,  Flushing. 
First,    Church   and   Beaufort   Sts., 

Richmond  Hill. 
First,    Locust    St.    and    Sycamore 

Ave.,  Corona. 
First.     Springfield     Gardens,   near 

New  York  and  Farmers  Aves. 
First.   Temple  and   Crescent   Sts., 

Astoria. 
First.    Kimball    Ave.,    cor.    Hatch 

Ave.,  Ozone  Park. 
First,  MInnetonka'  Ave..  Hollis. 
First.  Johnson  Ave.  and  Beaufort 

St..  Morris  Park. 
First    German,    80    Academy    St., 

L.  I.  City. 
First  Italian,  Van  Alst  Ave.  and 

Lincoln  St.,  Astoria. 
Glendale.  Tesia  PI. 
Jamaica.  430  Fulton  St..  Jamaica. 
Maspeth.  Columbia  St..   Maspeth. 
Middle  Village,  Metropolitan  Ave., 

Middle  Village. 
Ridgewood      Heights      (German), 

Woodward  Ave.  and  Grove  St. 
Shaw  Ave..  Union  Course. 
Springfield  Gardens,  Farmers  Ave 

and  Merrick  Rd..  Springfield. 
Trinity,  Brandon  and  Giiion  Aves., 

Richmond  Hill. 
Van  Alst  Ave..  192  Van  Alst  Ave., 

L.  I.  City. 

METHODIST   EPISCOPAL 
(AFRICAN). 

Allen  Chapel.  Washington  and 
South  Sts.,  Jamaica. 

Douglaston,  Douglaston. 

First  Union  American.  147  Broad- 
way. Astoria. 

Macedonia.  159  Lincoln  St.,  Flush- 
ing. 

St.  Mark's.  Elmhurst. 

St.  Peter's,  Douglaston. 

METHODIST  PROTESTANT. 

Centreville  Ave.,  Aqueduct.  L.  I. 
First,  Springfield  Gardens. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

Astoria.  954  Boulevard,  Astoria. 

Calvary,  Maspeth. 

Church  of  Peace,  Hillside. 

First,  28  Prospect  Ave.,  E.  Will- 
lamsburg. 

First,  Barclay  and  Murray  Sts., 
Flushing. 

First,  Greenwood  Ave.,  near  At- 
lantic St..  Richmond  Hill. 


Places  of  Worship  in  Greater  Neiv  York. 


915 


CHURCHES  IN  QV RE'S S— Continued. 


PRESBYTERIAN' — Continued. 
First,  Fulton  St.  and  Clinton  Ave., 

Tlrst  (German),  Forest  Ave.,  Ever- 
green. 

French  Evangelical,  4176  Chiches- 
ter Ave..  Woodhaven. 

First  of  Newtown,  HoOmaa  Boule- 
vard, Elmhurst. 

Hillside,  Fulton  and  Harvard  Sts., 
Jamaica. 

Ravenswood,  Boulevard  and  Web- 
ster Ave.,  Ravenswood. 

Russell  Sage  Memorial,  Far  Rocka- 
way. 

Springfield,  Springfield  Ave.  and 
Broadway;  Cedar  Manor  Chapel, 
Matthews  St.,  near  New  York 
Ave.;  Rosedale  Church,  Lincoln 
Boulevard  and  Union  St. 

Woodhaven  First,  Jerome  and 
Walker  Aves..  AVoodhaven. 

PROTESTANT   EPISCOPAL. 

All  Saints',  Montauk  Ave.,  Bayside. 

All  Saints',  LeHerts  Ave.,  Morris 
Park. 

Annunciation,  Cooper  St.,  near 
Webster  Ave.,  Glendale. 

Epiphany,  McCormick  and  Kim- 
ball Aves.,  Ozone  Park. 

Grace,  41st  St.,  Corona. 

Grace,  314  Fulton  St.,  Jamaica; 
Grace  Chapel,  Merrick  Road, 
Jamaica. 

Grace,  11th  Ave.  and  18th  St., 
Whitestone. 

Redeemer,  Crescent  and  Temple 
Sts..  Astoria. 

Resurrection,  Church  St.,  Rich- 
mond Hill. 

St.  Andrew's  Mission,  204  17th  St., 
Astoria. 

St.  Andrew's-by-the-Sea,  Belle  Har- 
bor. 

St.  Gabriel's,  Fulton  St.,  Hollis. 

St.  George's,  Franklin  St.,  Astoria. 

St.  George's,  Main  St.,  Flushing. 

St.  James's,  Broadway  and  Corona 
Ave.,  Elmhurst. 

St.  John's,  Mott  Ave.,  Far  Rocka- 
way. 

St.  John's,  Van  Alst  Ave.  and  10th 
St.,  L.  I.  City. 

St.  Andrew's  Chapel,  Range  Ave., 
Creedmore. 

St.  John's,  Sanford  Ave.  and  Wilson 
St.,  Flushing. 

St.  Joseph's,  Franklin  Ave.,  Queens. 

St.  Mary's  Chapel,  Laurel  Hill. 

St.  Mary's  Chapel  Van  Wyck  Ave., 
Dunton. 


PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  — 
Continued. 

St.  Matthew's,  Woodhaven. 

St.  Paul's  Chapel,  13th  St.  and  1st 
Ave.,  College  Point. 

St.  Paul's,  Striker  Ave.  and  8th  St 
Woodside. 

St.  Peter's,  Rosedale. 

St.  Saviour's,  Maspeth. 

St.  Stephen's,   Grand  and  N.  1st 
Sts.,  Jamaica. 

St.  Thomas's,  Vernon  Ave.,  Ravens- 
wood. 

Zion,  Douglaston. 

REFORMED. 
First,  1st  Ave.  and  10th  £t..  College 

Point. 

First  German,  Far  Roolwway. 
First,  100  Academy  St.,  L.  I.  City 
First     Newton,     Broadway     and 

Union  Ave.,  Elmhurst. 
Forest    Park,    Hillside    Ave.    and 

Ferry  St.,  Woodhaven. 
Flushing,  Bowne  Ave.,  and  Amity 

St.,  Flushing. 
German    Evangelical,    Woodhaven 

and  Ridgeway  Aves.,  Woodhaven 
German    Second,    526    2d    Ave. 

Astoria.  „ 

Jamaica  Dutch,  Fulton  and  Bay 

Sts.,  Jamaica. 
Queens,  Jericho  Rd.  and  Creed  Ave 
Reformed     Church     of     Astoria, 

Remsen  St.,  Astoria. 
Ridgewood   (Dutch),  Evergreen. 
St.  Paul's,  Herriman  and  Hillside 

Aves.,  Jamaica. 
Steinw.ay,  Ditmas  and  11th  Aves 
Sunnyside,  310  Buckley  St.,  L.  I. 

City. 
Wlnfleld,  Woodside  and  Lee  Aves 
Woodhaven,  cor.  Woodhaven  and 

Ridgewood  Aves.  Woodhaven. 
Zion  (German),  Horton  St.,  Elm^ 

hurst. 

REFORMED   EPISCOPAL. 
Christ,  South  Ozone  Park. 

ROMAN    CATHOLIC. 
B.  V.  M.  Help  of  Christians.  Win 

field  Junction. 
B.   V.    M.    Mt.    Carmel,   Newton 

Ave.,  Astoria. 
Gate  of  Heaven,  Ozone  Park. 
Holy  Child  Jesus,  Richmond  Hill. 
Holy  Cross  (Polish),  Maspeth. 
Nativity  (Italian),  Woodhaven. 
Our  Lady   of  Sorrows,   Shell   Rd., 

Corona. 
Sacred  Heart.  Bayside. 
St.   Adelbert's   (Polish),   Elmhurst. 
St.  Anastasia,  Douglaston. 


ROMAN  CA  THOLIC — Coiltitiued. 

St.  Andrew  of  Avellino,  Broadway 

and  18th  St.,  Flushing. 
St.  Bartholomew's,  4th  St.,Elmhurst. 
St.  Benedict  Joseph's,  Morris  Park. 
St.  Camillus's,  Seaside; 
St.  Clement's,  South  Ozone- Park. 
St.   Elizabeth's,  Atlantic  Ave.  and 

3d  St.,  Woodhaven. 
St.   Fidelis's,   High  and  15th  Sts.. 

College  Point. 
St.  Francis  de  Sales's,  Belle  Harbor, 
St.  Gerard  Magelia,  Hollis.' 
St.  Gertrude's,  Edgemere. 
Sts.  Joachim  and  Anne,  Hollis  Ave. 

Queens. 
St.  Jos.aphat'3  (Polish),  Bay  Side. 
St.  Joseph's  (German),  L.  I.  City. 
St.    Joseph's    (Polish),    Rockaway 

Rd.,  Jamaica. 
St.  Leo's  (Italian),  Sycamore  Ave. 

and  Elm  St.,  Corona. 
St.  Luke's,  11th  Ave.,  Whitestone. 
St.  Margaret's,  Middle  Village. 
St.  Mary's,  Hunter's  Point,  L.  I. 

City. 
St.  Mary  Magdalen's,  Springfield. 
Si.  Mary's  (German) ,  Flushing  and 

Shelton  Sts.,  Jamaica. 
St.   Mary's   Star  of   the  Sea,   Far 

Rockaway . 
St.  Michael's.  Union  and  Madison 

Sts.,  Flushing. 
St.  Monica's,  Washington  St.,  Ja- 
maica. 
St.  Pancras's.  Glendale. 
St.  Patrick's,  Dutch  Kills,  L.  I.  City. 
St.  Pius  v.,  Jamaica. 
St.  Raphael's.  Bllssville,  L.  I.  City. 
St.  Rita's,  Boulevard,  near  Webster 

Ave. 
St.    Rose    of    Lima's,  Rockaway 

St.  Sebastian's,  Wood.side. 

St.  Stanislaus's,  Maspeth. 

St.  Thomas's,  Benedict  Ave.,  Wood- 
haven. 

St.  Virgilius,  Broad  Channel. 

Transfiguration,  Hull  Ave..  Mas- 
peth. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Bethel  Union,  Hawtree  Creek  Kd., 
Woodhaven. 

Forest  Hills  Free  Church,  Forest 
Hills.  _. 

Friends'  Meeting,  Broadway,  Flush- 
ing. 

Grace  Choral  Soc,  40  Crescent  St., 
Long  Island  City. 

Union  Evangelical  Church  (Ind.), 
4th  Ave.  and  14lh  St.,  College 
Point. 


BAPTIST. 
First,    Hamilton    and    Westervelt 

Aves.,  New  Brighton. 
Mariners'     Harbor,    Union    Ave., 

Mariners'  Harbor. 
New  Dorp,  New  Dorp. 
Park,  Broadway  and  Vreeland  St., 

Port  Richmond.  „  ■ 

St.  Philip's  (Col.).  Elm  St.,  Port 

Richmond. 
South,  Main  St.,  Tottenville. 
CHURCH  OF  CHRIST. 
SCIENTIST. 
First,  Statin  Island.  67  Stuyvesant 

PI.,  New  Brighton. 

EVANGELICAL.       ^ 
Norwegian    (Evang:)    Free,    West 

New  Brighton.         ,     „    .    . 
West.  Bapt.,  Shore  Rd.,  Krelscher 

ville. 

JEWISH. 
B'nal   Jeshurun,   Richmond  Turn- 

I^ke,  Tompkinsville. 
Emanuel.  Post  Ave.,  Port  Richmond. 


CHURCHES    IN    RICHMOND 

LUTHERAN. 

Immanuel,  New  Springville. 

Evangelical,  191  Beach  St..  Staple- 
ton. 

German,  New  Brighton. 

Mission,  Dongan  Hills. 

Mission,  Lindenhurst. 

Norwegian,  Avenue  B,  Port  Rich- 
mond. 

Norwegian,    Nicholas    Ave.,    Port 
Richmond. 

St.  John's,  Port  Richmond. 

St.  Paul's,  Caroline  and  Gary  Aves., 
West  New  Brighton. 

Scandinavian,  Jersey  and  5th  Ave., 
New  Brighton. 

Scandinavian  Zion,  Ave.  B,  Port 
Richmond. 
METHODIST   EPISCOPAL. 

Asb»u-y,     Richmond     Ave.,     New 
Springville.  ,         ^    ^,       ^ 

Bethel,  Amboy  Rd.  and  Church, 
Tottenville. 

Bethel  (Coio.-ed),  TompkmsvUle. 


METHODIST    EPISCOPAL— 
continued. 

Dickinson,  Linoleumville. 

Grace,   213    Heberton  Ave.,   Porb 

Richmond.  ,  , 

Graniteville,  Port  Richmond. 
Kingsley,  Stapleton. 
Mount  Zion  (Colored),  Blooming- 

dale  Rd.,  Rossville. 
St.  James,  Rosebanlc. 
St.  John's,  Rossville. 
St.  Mark's,  Pleasant  Plains. 
St.  Paul's,  Amboy  Ave.,  Tottenville. 
Summerfield.  Mariners'  Harbor. 
Trinity,    Prospect    and    EUzabetll, 

West  New  Brighton. 
Wandell  Memorial,  Concord. 
Woodrow,  Princess  Bay. 

MORAVIAN. 

Castl«ton  Corners,  Richmond  Turn" 

pike,  Castleton  Cornets. 
First.  Osgood  Ave.,  Stapleton- 
Great  Kills,  Hillside  Ave. 


916 


Lincoln  Memorial. 


CHURCHES  IN   RICHMOND— Con^iwued. 


MORA  VI  AN — Continued. 

New  Dorp,  Richmond  Roed. 
Stapleton  Moravian  Epiacopal,  Os- 
good Ave.,  Stapleton. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

Calvary,    Bement    and    Castleton 

Aves.,  West  Brighton. 
First  Edgewater,  Stapleton. 

PROTESTANT   EPISCOPAL. 
All  Saints',  Central  Ave.,  Mariners' 

Harbor. 
Ascension,  West  New  Brighton. 
Christ,  Franklin  Ave.  and  2d  St., 

New  Brighton. 
Holy  Comforter,  Eltlngville. 
Italian  Mission,  Port  Richmond. 
St.    Andrew's,    Church    and    Mill 
.  Rda.,  Richmond. 
St.  John's,  New  York  Ave.,  Clifton. 
St.    Luke's,    Shore    Rd.    and    St. 

Luke's  Ave.,  RossvlUe. 
St.  Mary's,  Davis  Ave.,  West  New 

Brighton. 
St.  Paul's  Memorial,  93  St.  Paul'.? 

Ave.,  Tomplcinsville. 
St.  Simon's,  Concord. 
St.     Stephen's,     Bentley     Manor 

TottenvlUe. 
Triiuty,  3d  St.,  New  Dorp. 

REFORMED. 
Brighton  Heights,  New  Brighton. 
Huguenot.  Huguenot  Park. 


REFORMED — CorUitiued. 

Mariners'  Harbor,  Richmond  Ter- 
race and  Lockman  Ave.,  Mar- 
iners' Harbor. 

Reformed  Church  on  Staten  Island . 
Port  Richmond. 

St.  Peter's,  KreischervUle. 

ROMAN    CATHOLIC. 

Blessed    Sacrament,    Manor    Rd 

West  New  Brighton. 
Immaculate    Conception,     Targee 

St.,  Stapleton. 
Our  Lady  of  the  Assumption  Chapel 

Webster  Ave.,  New  Brighton. 
Our  Lady  of  Consolation,  Tomp- 

klnsville. 
Our  Lady  of  Good  Counsel,  Tomp- 

kinsviUe. 
Our    Lady    Help    of    Christians, 

TottenvlUe. 
Our     Lady     of     Mount     Oarmel. 

Castleton      Ave.,      West      New 

Brighton. 
Our    Lady    of   Pity    Chapel,    Port 

Riclimond. 
Our   Lady  ol  the  Rosary,   South 

Beach. 
Our  Lady,  Star  of  the  Sea,  Huguenot 

Park 

Sacred  Heart,  West  New  Brighton 
St.  Adalbert's,  John  St.,  Port  Rich- 
mond. 
St.  Ann's,  Dongan  Hills. 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC— Continued 

St.  Anthony's,  Decker  Ave.,  Lin- 
oleum vllle. 

St.  Clement's,  Mariners'  Harbor. 

St.  Joachim  and  St.  Ann  Chapel, 
Mt.  Loretto. 

St.  John  Baptist  de  la  Salle, 
Stapleton. 

St.  Joseph's,  Washington  Ave.,  Ross- 
vlUe. 

St.  Joseph's  (Italian),  94  St.  Mary 
Ave.,  Rosebank.  Our  Lady  of 
the  Rosary  Chapel,  Sand  Lane, 
Rosebank. 

St.  Mary's,  New  York  Ave.,  Rose- 
bank. 

St.  Mary  of  the  Assumption,  Port 
Richmond. 

St.  Michael's  Chapel,  Van  Pelt  Ave., 
Mariners'  Harbor. 

St.  Patrick's,  45  St.  Patrick's  PI., 

St.    Peter's.    St.   Mark's  PI.,  New 
Brighton. 
SEVEN  DAY  ADVENTISTS. 

Staten  Island,  Masonic  Temple, 
Port  Richmond. 

UNITARIAN. 
Church  of  Redeemer,  Clinton  Ave., 
New  Brighton. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 
Immanuel   Union    (Ind.),    Wester- 

leigh. 
Swedish    Mission,    441    Wcstervelt 

Ave.,  TompkinsviUe. 


UNION    COURSE    CIVIC    ASSOCIATION. 

110  Shaw  Avenue,  Woodhaven,  Queens,  N.  Y.     Represents  Union  Course  and  Woodhaven. 
-200.    President — G.  H.  Dick.    Secretary — A.  N.  DeClue,  Snedlker  Avenue,  Union  Course. 


Members 


TWILIGHT    SLEEP    ASSOCIATION, 

Secretary — A.   S.   Boyd,   11   Henderson  Place,   New  York.     Finance  CommUlee — Edgerton  Parsons, 
Chairman,  51  WaU  Street;  Mary  Sumner  Boyd. 


MERCHANTS'    ASSOCIATION    OF    NEW    YORK. 

233  Broadway,  New  York  City.  President — William  Fellowes  Morgan.  First  Vice-President — Lewis 
E.  Pierson.  Second  Vice-President — James  G.  White.  Third  Vice-President — WiUlam  Hamlin  Chllds. 
Treasurer — Silas  D.  Webb.  Secretary — S.  C.  Mead.  Director  of  Research — F.  B.  De  Berard.  Directors — 
James  M.  Beck,  Betram  H.  Borden,  WUIiara  C.  Breed,  Frank  R.  Chambers,  WiUiam  Hamlin  Childs,  Lincoln 
Cromwell,  Prof.  Joseph  F.  Johnson,  Charles  R.  Lamb,  John  H.  Love,  J.  Crawford  McCreery,  William  A. 
Marble,  Waldo  H.  MarshaU,  William  Fellowes  Morgan,  Daniel  P.  Morse,  John  W.  Nix,  Edward  D.  Page, 
Lewis  E.  Pierson,  Leopold  Plant,  J.  H.  Staats,  Henry  R.  Towne,  Gustav  Vintschger,  Silas  D.  Webb,  James 
G.  White,  H.  B.  WaUier.  

NEW    YORK    ASSOCIATION  FOR    IMPROVING    CONDITION    OF    POOR. 

President — Cornelius  N.  Blls^,  Jr.  Vice-Presidents — R.  Fulton  Cutting,  Percy  R.  Pyne,  D wight  W* 
Morrow,  Albert  G.  Milbank.  Treasurer — George  Blagden.  Secretary — FrankUn  B.  Klrkbnde.  Counsel 
— George  W.  Wlckersham.     General  Director — Bailey  B.  Burritt. 


CHAMBER    OF    COMMERCE,    STATE    OF    NEW    YORK. 

The  Chamber  has  its  own  building,  65  Liberty  Street,  New  York  City.  President — Alfred  E.  MarUng, 
Treasurer — Wm.  H.  Porter.  Secretary — Charles  T.  Gwyrme.  Assistant  Secretary — Jere  D.  Tamblyn. 
Executive  Committee — Welding  Ring,  Chairman;  Frank  A.  Vanderlip,  Henry  A.  Caesar,  Samuel  VV.  Fairchild, 
Irving  T.  Bush,  Darwin  P.  Kingsley,  Lsonor  F.  Loree,  Charles  L.  Bernheimer,  Howard  C.  Smith.  Alfred 
E.  MarUng,  Cleveland  H.  Dodge,  WiUlam  H.  Porter,  A.  Barton  Hepburn,  John  Claflin,  Eugenlus  H.  Outer- 
bridge. 

Commissioners  of  Pilots  (elected  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  to  servemntU  October,  1919) — Marcus 
H.  Tracy,  Josenii  B.  MorreU,  Arthur  M.  Smith.  Commissioner  for  Licensing  Sailors'  Hotels  or  Boarding 
Houses — Eben  E.  Olcott. 

Committee  on  Foreign  Trade  and  Shipping  After  the  War — Eugenius  H.  Outerbridge,  Chairman;  A. 
Barton  Hepbui-n,  George  F.  Trowbridge,  Joseph  H.  Em^y,  Irving  T.  Bush  (ex-OflBcio),  Alfred  C.  Bedford, 
Edward  D.  Page,  J.  Barstow  Smull,  Henry  A.  Caesar  (ex-Offlcio),  Samuel  W.  Fairchild  (ex-Offlcio). 

Committee  on  the  Harbor  and  Shipping — Irving  T.  Bush,  Chairman;  John  F.  Wallace  George  S.  Dear- 
born, T.  Ashley  Sparks   Clarence  H.  Kelsey,  Joseph  P.  Grace,  Joseph  T.  LiUy. 

LINCOLN    MEMORIAL. 

The  memorial  is  being  erected  in  Potomac  Park  on  the  axis  of  the  United  States  Capitol  and  the 
Washington  Monument,  in  accordance  with  plans  prepared  by  Henry  Bacon  of  New  York  City. 

Work  on  the  construction  of  the  memorial  was  commenced  on  Lincoln's  Birthday,  February  12,  1914, 
when  the  first  sod  was  turned  by  the  Special  Resident  Commissioner,  ex-Senator  Blackburn,  "rhe  founda- 
tion was  completed  and  the  cornerstone  laid  February  12,  1915.  By  act  of  Congress,  February  28,  1916, 
the  UnUt  of  cost  was  Increased  to  $2,594,000,  to  Include  the  approaches  The  whole  amount  has  been 
appropriated,  and  about  $2,000,000  expended. 


FOR  BUSINESS  MEN 

AND  ALL  OTHER  KINDS  OF  MEN 

GUARANTEED  LOW  COST  LIFE  INSURANCE 

•  The  pui'pose  of  life  insurance  is  to  protect  the  family  and 
the  insured  at  the  lowest  reasonable  premium.  Travelers  pol- 
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life  insurance  for  the  premium  paid. 

Thej^  contain  a  DISABILITY  PROVISION  of  great  value  in 
case  you  suffer  permanent  total  disability  from  accident  or 
disease. 

DISABILITY  POLICIES 

provide  indemnity  for  injuries,  large  amounts  for  loss  of  life, 
dismemberment,  and  loss  of  sight  due  to  accidents,  and  in- 
demnity for  disability  from  all  diseases. 

GROUP  INSURANCE 

is  achieving  great  importance  and  every  business  man.  should 
inform  himself  by  writing  to  us  for  pamphlets. 

OUR  COMPENSATION  AND  LIABILITY  POLICIES 

provide  complete  coverage  and  the  most  efficient  safety  en- 
gineering service  in  the  world.     We  also  write 

AUTOMOBILE  POLICIES 
against  accident,  liability  and  collision. 

The  Travelers  Insurance  Company 

Hartford,  Connecticut 

For  Steam  Boiler,  Plate  Glass  and 
Burglary  Insurance 

The  Travelers  Indemnity  Company 

917 


The  Key  To  Success 


Stoploriettlnl 


The  secret  of  business  and  social  suc- 
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FORGETTING. 

My  Remarkable  Memory  Test  Free 

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my  book  "How  to  Re- 
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the  memory  ever  de- 
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you.  free,  and  tell  you 
how  to  obtain  a  copy  of 
my  deLuxe  Edition. 
'Hdw  to  Speak  in  Public," 
1  handsomely  illustrated 
--•  — ^«^  *-^  book  absolutely  free. 
.Henry  ^^fc^  Don't  be  handicapped  witli 
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PROF.  HENRY  DICKSON 
Dickson  School  of  Memory 
620   Hearst    BUig;.,  Cliicivso    111. 


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The  Secret  of  Fast 
Typewriting 

80  to  100  Words  a  Minute  Easy  for  Any  One 

Now,   for  the  first  time,  has  an  idea  been  discovered  which  puts       .?" 
speed — great  speed  and  accuracy — within  the  reach  of  every  type- 
writer  user.      Almost    overnight   it   has    revolutionized   the    whole      it"^  4,^^ 
typewriting  situation. 

Stenographers  who  formerly  never  exceeded  30  to  40  words  a  minute 
are  writing  80  to  100  words  with  less  effort  and  with  far  greater 
accuracy  than  ever  ibefore.  And  their  salaries  in  many  cases  have 
jumped  from  a  meagre  $8  to  $15  per  week  to  // 

$30,  $35  and  even  §40.  Jl  &-  s* 

Typewrite  the  New  Way  ^^^m  t       '^' 

European     music     teachers,     when    training         raiwiwiiBiii^^i 
their    pupils    for    the    piano,    invariably    give  iB'/'^SmsJ^mj?  '  -^ 

special  finger  exercises.  This  is  because  the 
untrained  way  is  not  the  right  way.  The 
best  results  cannot  be  obtained— the  fingers 
simply  cannot  be  used  correctly — unless  the 
student  develops  and  strengthens  the  proper 
muscles.  ^.  ,   ^ 

This  training  is  even  more  essential  to  ex- 
pert  typewriting.  The  reason  that  so  few  people  can  write  no  more  than  30  to  40'' 
words  a  minute  is  because  their  fingers  are  not  flexible  or  nimble  enough.  The 
new  easy  method  overcomes  this  at  once — develops  finger  strength  and  flexibility 
by  simple  easy  exercises  away  from  the  machine — trains  the  fingers  beforehand 
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Learn  at  Home— Only  10  Easy  Lessons 

iNo  matter  how  law  your  present  speed,   no  matter  how  labored  your  efforts,   no 
matter  how  weak  or  clumsy  your  fingers  now  seem   to  be,  no  matter  how  little  j 
or  how  much    experience  you  have    had,    no  matter  what  other  courses  you  have  >^ 
taken     this    new    method    wUl    positively    bring    you    the    desired    results,    as y'      j^aW 
thousands  of  stenographers— and   ministers,    lawyers     reporters   and   writers   X-To.Qay 
Is    well-^have    already    proven.     There    are    only    10    lessons     amazingly^^^,^  Bigger. 
easy  and  ifascinatlnff.      A  few   sihort  weeks   of  spare  time  study   is  all/'  p^^ 

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Write    for    Particulars  /Gentlemen:  Plea&e 

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CHICAGO  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOLS 

882  Unity  Building:,  Chicago.  111. 


I 


ETROIT  COLLEGE  OF  LA 


DAY 


TWO 

SCHOOLS 


Three    Year   Course   Treading  to  the  Degree  of  LL.B. 
OQ4-U     V^o*.        BEGINS   SEPTKVIBESR   22.   19t9 

£,ax.n.    I  ca.r      sprjng  term  begins  February  lo.  loio 

Faculty   Includes   thirty  members  of   the  Detroit  bench  and   bar.      Students    have 
access  to  2  2  courts  in  Daily  Session.      Descriptive  catalog  and   full  information  on 
request.     Location  and  eauipment  oflf'er  special  advantages  and  attractions.     Bureau 
o'f  Sel'f  Help  maintained. 
Address  iDetroit  Colleee  of  Law.   301  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Buildinir.  Detroit  Mlclh, 


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Good  live  hustler  in  every 
town  to  take  orders  for 
our  celebrated  made-to- 
measure  clothes.  Never 
before  have  we  been  able 
to  make  such  a  wonderful 
offer. 

NO    MONEY    needed- 
No   Experience   Required 
You    can't    fail  to  make 
good     with     the    magnifi- 
cent outfit  v/e    send    you — all    ciiarge    prepaid. 

WE    PAY   BIG    MONEY 
to    our    agents    everywhere.      Turn    your    spare 
time  into  cash  by  taking  orders  for  oiu  stylish 
clothes.     Write  to-day  for  beautiful  FREE  outfit. 

THE    PROGRESS   TAILORING    CO. 
Dept.    850.      Clilcago,    III. 


"^EASTON  pa 

^TaTTWA  to  the  grand  VAllCY  Of  THE  IZ^m  ^ 


MAK£J19  AND     Pf      A  /^  O 
OE3ICNKR3  OF   F  L^J\KjtJ 

THE  ft€ADY.MADE 


FOK  EVERY 
PURPOSE 


AMERICAN  DOLLAR  DECORATIONS. 

AND 

Roman  Standard  Brand  Hag  Draperici. 


FOK  CELEBRATIONS  AND 
Aa  DECORATIVE  USES. 

>  AT  THE  FACTORY 
AT  FA C TOM Y  FmcCS. 


Wl  MAK  lillllf  m  Stntl  fl«S  TM«  »H»  OIBH  CO«CW»  "1  IHI  WOIIW 


9?.0 


Patent-Sense 


**The  Book  the 
Inventor 
KEEPS*' 

Mailed  on  request 
Without  charge 


Write 


A  vttlua  b  Ici 
reference  book 
for  Inventors  and 
Manu  facturers 


LACEY  &  LACEY 


640  F  Street  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Established   1869. 


J 


COrslCEIVJTR  ATI  O  IVJ     SREL.tS     SUCCESS 

when    rightly    used,    but  when  wrocgly   vsed   rt  is  snro  to 

'bring   failure.        Most   peisons   concentrate    on   that   whicli   an- 

noys.  irritates  and  makes  for  Tailure  and  loss  of  memory.    When 

we  are  sick  it  is  hard  to  concentrate  on  the  thoiteht  of  being 

well.     When   we   are   despondent   from  any   cause  it   is 

difficult  to  concentrate   on  the  idea  of  our  ever  bidinB 

happy  again.     When  we  liave  lost  money  it  is  easy  to 

concentrate    on    our    loss,    but    almost    impossible    to 

concentrate  on  our  having  an  abundance, again. 

We  all  lock  the  doors  and  windows  of  our  ihome  to 
keep  out  intruders,  but  do  yon  lock  the  doors  and 
windows  of  yonr  thought  W)tW.  and  so  keep  out  the 
thoughts  which  take  away  one's  strengtih,  ho^Je.  faith, 
courage,  memory,  ambition,  power  and  ability  f 

Do  you  belong  to  the  class  of  people  who  hare  used 
their  concentration  rightly  or  wrongly?  Do  you 
own  your  own  mind?  Haf  your  concentration 
5)ronght  you  success  or  fai.ure;.  'happiness  or  sorrow: 
health  or  sickness:  brilliancj  of  mind  or  loss  of  memory? 
Can  you  concentrata  for  fivj  minutes  on  any  one  thing 
you  want,  shutting  out  eutirely  every  random,  stray 
tramp  thought?    Try  it, 

"Concentration  -'ikSt.^!" 

B.V  F.  W.  SE.'VES,  M.  P.  (Master  of  PsyohaloK.v  J 

teacQi'as  how  to  do  this.  The  person  who  can  concentrate 
rightly  for  what  he  walits.  when  and  where  he 
wants  to — whether  it  is  for  money,  (health,  loye  in- 
creased business,  a  better  job.  political  power,  social  po. 
sition,  good  memory  or  anything  elsa  be  may  desire— 
ihas  at  hla  command  the  greatest  power  iii  tue 
world,  a  power  -which,  when  'he  learns  to  use  it  rightly 
si'ves  Mm  the  mastery  of  himself  and  his  environment. 
You  possess  tlhis  power  and  can  learn  to  use  it  riffHtly 
bv  persi'Stentl'y  applying  the  lessons  taught  In  this  book. 
No  matter  how  many  books  you  may  have  read,  this  book  is  different.  Yoa  need  to 
learn  the  lessons  it  teaches.  Price  5  0  cents,  postpaid.  Stamps  accepted.  Wortn  a 
tbonsand   dollars.    Money   back  if   you    want   it.  .  ,    _        .  ,      *»       •        \    m  .    v«.i. 

CENTRE  PUBLISHING  CO.,  Suite  666,  108-110  West  34th  Street  (at  Broadway).  New  York 
Note — Dr,  Sears  Lectures  Every  Sunday  at  11.15  A.  M.  in  the  Criterion  Theatre. 
Broadway,   at   44tJi    Street,   New   York   City. 
921 


HduCanEerni 


NEW  MACHINE 


Mam-  are  doing  $3,000  a 

y&ar  and   better  with  this 

new  mac'liine.     You  can 

too.    You  need  no  ex- 

ueriemce.     We   teaoli    you   free    m   one 

simple  lesson.     Start  right  at  home.     Every- 

where  there's  plenty  of  money   and  "big  cash 

profits  waiting  for  ambitious  men. 

THIS  IS  THE  BUSINESS  FOR  YOU. 

A  tmsioess  all  of  your  own.  Bequiies  little 
capital  and  grows  fast  into  a  real  factory— a 
real  manufacturer.  Open  a  Tire  Reoair 
Shoo  with  Haywood  Equioment.   .Let  the 

moaey  roll  in.  Auto  tires  need  mending  con- 
stantly. Theie  is  your  profit.  Owners  eager 
to  give  you  tlheir  business.  It  means  a  saving 
of  money  to  them,  and  big  cash  returns  for  you. 

GET   THIS   FREE    BOOK. 

gives  ithe  connplete  details.  How  to 
staait.  How  to  succeed.  Teills 
all  about  .your  opportun- 
ity. Shows  how  easy  ths 
woi'k  can  be  done.  Stoows 
the  ibog  profit  in  this  new 
field.  Write  for  it  to-day. 
A   postcard  will  do. 

Haywooa  Tire  &  Eauip- 
ment  Co.,  647  'Capitol 
Av€.,  diidianapolis,  Ind, 


M 


High-Grade 

AGENTS 
WANTED 

Men  ar»d  Women 


Some  exclusive  ter- 
ritory is  open  to 
hustlers  Who 
want  to  make 
good  money 
i  n  t  rnduniner 
the   fast-sell- 

IMPERIAL 
SELF-HEATING  IRON 

Wonderful  new  invention.  Makes 
ironing  easy.  Something  every  house- 
wife and  seamstress  needs.  Heats 
itself  with  common  Kerosene  or  Gaso- 
line. Albsolutely  safe.  'Clean,  odor- 
less, convenient.  Low  price.  Liberal 
guarantee. 

Write  to-day  for  details  of  quick  sell- 
ing  plan.      No   experience   necessary. 

IMPERIAL  BRASS  MFG.  CO. 

1210    W.   Harrison   St.,   Chicago 


NENA^  YORK  FARMS 


FIARRISOM 
REAL  ESTATE  CORPORATION^ 


RAISE   THE  BEST  APPLES,  PEACHES,   GRAPES,  &c. 

Send  for  Om-  List. 
World   Bldg.,   15   West   Eagle   St.,   Buffalo,   N.   Y. 


Secret  Locket  and  Neck 
Chain,  Pendant  and  Neck 
Chain,  imitation  Wrist 
Watch  with  adjustable 
leather  strap  and  'buckle 
and  these  Four  lovely 
Rings,  ALL  Given  FREE 
to  anyone  for  selling  only 
12  of  our  Jewelry  Novielties 
at  10c  each.  Fresh  from 
factory.  Be  in  fashion. 
DALE  MFG.  CO.,  88  Weybosset  St.,  Providence, 


R.  L 


FREE 


Handsome  Gold  Filled  Signet 
Ring,  Guaranteed  for  3  Years 

To  Introduce  our  bargain  sheet  of 
fine  gold  filled  rings  we  will  send 
this  ring,  any  size  and  initial,  upon 
receipt  of  only  12c  to  help  pay  ad- 
vertising. 

THE   AUCTION    CO., 
Dept.   996,  Attleboro,    Mass. 

922 


paid, 
Oept, 


Pink  Cameo  Ring  12  Cts. 

Cameos  are  set  in  fine  rings, 
guaranteed  10  kt.  l-20th  gold 
filled.     It  will  wear  3  years. 
To   get   acquainted   with  you 
will    send   your  correct  size,  post- 
upon   receipt  of   12  cents. 

AUCTION     OEPT.     CO.,     , 
995,  AttleborOi   Mass. 


Get  on  the 
Vaudeville 


STAGE 


I  tell  you  howl  Fasciaatmg  profession  for 
either  sex.  Big  salaries.  >Experi«nce  unneces- 
sary. Splendid  engagements  always  waiting. 
Opportunity  for  travel.  Tiheaitri- 
cal  agents  and  authorities  endorse 
my  metliods.  Thirty  years'  experir 
ence  as  manager  and  performer. 
Illustrated  book  "All  About  Vaude- 
ville," sent  FREE. 


Frederic  La  Dalle 


station  M, 


Jackson,  Mich. 


STOMACH 

Eat  all  you  want,  what  you  want,  whea 
you  want  to.  Get  rid  of  Dyspepsia,  In- 
P  .^^dSlfelkb.  digestion,  Catarrh  of 
B  ^^^^^^^^  ^^^  Stomach,  Belch- 
"  »  JlJuMiJj.tL  Ba  ^^^'  Hearit  Flutter- 
P  ^^SMHlla!^^'  ing,  Sour  Stomach, 
M  ^H^^^^^gMF  Nervousness,  Consti- 
m  ^^ttKt^^  Dation.  Headache.  &c. 
Send'lOc  to  help  pay  cost  of  mailing  and 
W«  will  seti'd  you  a  genuine  SI  Peptonad 
FREE.  No  matter  how  severe  or  long 
standing  your  case  is,  no  matter  what 
treatment  you  have  tried:  order  this  Pep- 
tocad.  TODAY. 
DR.  G.  C.  YOUNG   CO.,  Dept.  8,  JACKSON,  MICH. 


AGENTS 

Make  Big 
MONEYt 

Big  profits  for  yon  in  tlhis 
new  fast-selliris  novelty.  Eara. 
510  a  <lay  selling  hand-fojiged, 
razoT-steel  Golden  Kwite  pocket 
bnJTes  witlh.  /    '.,. 

Art  Photos' 
in   Natural, 
Life-Like  Colors 

umdeir    bsautifuJ,     transparent 
handles,    witih    owner's    mame 
and  address  oa  opposite  6iKi| , 
when.    ordCTed.      Our    Ubo    ctf ' 
laiives,      razors,      stroips      and 
'Cutlery    specialties    is    up-to- 
the-sniniu-te  and  most  comipiete 
It    sella     itseW.      If     already 
emipioyed,     make    "big     momjey 
in  jour  spare  time.  \ 

WRITF  Q'^»i<*  fo""  catalog, 
VVI\11J:i  and  liibwal  tenma. 
We  lielp  you  in  eveiy  way. 
Exclusive  territory  iiesenied 
to  wid'e-aOTak©  hustfletra.  B'end 
NOW  1 

Golden  Rule  Cutlery  Co. 

Dept.    eoO, 
212  N.  S'heldon  S%.,  Ohicagp. 


COMR'S      FARM      AGENCY 

SELLS  FARMS         ::  ::         ::         WRITE    FOR    PRINTED    LIST 

11^     IM.    MOtSITGOIVIERV    ST.        -  TREISITON.     IM.    U. 

tlGS 

AKMS 

4-LB.  FIBRE  LEGS-ON  EASY  TERMS 

Orthopedic  Braces  .for  all  Deformities.      Send  for  Booklet.  „    t    a 

MrNNBAPCLIS    ARTIFIGIAI,    UMB    CO..   062   Dean   Building,   Minneapolis,   Minn.,   U.  S.  A. 


SUSPENSORI 


lAimy  and   Navy  or  Pjain  iStyla, 


fRY    ONE 

Insist  on  THE    SCHNOTER    make.     If  your 
di-ugg'ist    does    not    keep    them,    write    us. 

J.  C  SCHNOTER  CO. 

Dent.  W.  523   6th   Avemue.  5f«w  York 

TRUS&BS.   BliA'STIC   BELTS.  OTOCKENGS.  Etc. 


1 »    laimj 


Booklet  on  application. 


=^ 


92a 


Old  CoinsWanted 


We  pay  CASH  premiums  on  lumdreas  of  U.  S,  and  Foreign  Coins.  Ah 
U.  S.  Large  Copper  Cents.  'A  cents.  2c.  Pieces,  3c.  Pieces,  20c. 
Pieces  and  Gold  Dollars  are  at  a  premium.  Some  coins  da'ted 
as  laite  as  1894  aje  at  a  l^arge  premium.  It  will  pay  you  to 
keep  all  money  dated  before  189  5  unitil  you  see  copy  of  our 
New  Illustrated  Coin  Value  Boiok.  size  4x7.  which  ^hows  prices 
we  gruairan'tee  to  pay  for  icoius.  sent  postpaid  for  10  cents. 
Ge-t    posted;    it   oniay  mean    your   fortune. 

C.  F.  CLARKE  &   CO., 

Coin  Dealers,  Box  148,  Le  Roy,  N.  Y. 


New  York  Camera  Exchange 

J.  H.  ANDREWS,  Proprietor 

Oii«*     RtiesnAcffi      ^^    buying,    selling    and     exchanging 
Ur     OUSincSo       cameras  and  Lenses. 

xr  R       •     .«v         t°  know  where  you  can  SAVE  MONEY,  get  what  you 

I  our  DUSmeSS  need  in  the  Photographic  Supply  line  at  LOWEST 
prices.  We  save  you  from  10  to  50  per  cent,  on  prices  of  other  dealers  on  NEW 
GOODS.     Send  2 -cent  stamp  for  Bargain  List,  and  mention  "World  Almanac." 

Telephone  2387  Beekman,  Dept  A.      HI  FULTON   STREET 


MItoESSMJGHTMMAlL 


Draft  Men — This  Is  Your  Opportunity 

40,000  Wireless  Operators,  men  and  ivomen.  urgently  needed  for  Army,  Navy 
and  Anatiou  &arvice.  Excellent  cpportunities  to  TOn  promotion  to  cammissione* 
and  iiou-com-TDissioued  grades  with  advanced  pay.  Wireless  work  trains  you  for 
position  as  CoiiiDiercial  Oi3crator  after  the  war.  with  pay  up  to  ?200  a  month. 

COMPLETH  COCRSE  BY  3IAIL  IN  TEN  WEEKS. 

Start  studying  NOW  in  spare  time  at  home.     Complete  practice  aipparatus  sent 
with  first   lessons.     We   iuelp,  you   enter   any  branch  of   Radio   Service   you  select. 
Write  TO-DAY  for  full  particulars.     A  postal  will  do. 

NATIONAL    RADIO    INSTilTtJTE, 
Dent.  64.  Washington,  D.   C. 


Mizpah   Jock   No.  44 

Give.s  you  a  feelimg  of  real  comfort  and  the  assurance  of 
perfect  protection  while  exercisine.  Openinff  beneath  Patent 
flap  A.  Small  amount  of  material  between  tihiehs  C.  Per- 
fect pouch  B.  Welt-bound  webbing-.  Can  be  cleaned  by 
boiling-  without  injury  to  j-ubber.  Fits  perfectly.  Can't  rub 
or  cihafe.  Finest  quality  e'lastic  webbinfc.  Ask  your  dealer, 
and  if  he  will  not  supply  you  with  MIZPAH  JOCK  No,  44. 
send  us  $1.00  in  stamps  and  waist  measurement  and  we  will 
send    by    mail. 

The  Walter  F.  Ware  Co.    Dept.  M    Phila.,  Pa. 

Makers  of  the  Celebrated  Sanito  Suspensory  No.  50 

924 


YOU    HAVE  A   BEAUTIFUL   FACE  I 

BUT  YOUR  NOSE  ? 


BEFORE 


IN  THI'S  DAY  AND  AGE  atten.tion  to 
youi-  appearance  is  an  absolute  neces- 
sity if  you  expect  to  make  the  nr\ost 
out  of  life.  Not  only  should  you  wish  to 
appear  as  attractive  as  possilile,  tov  your 
own  self-satisfaction,  which  is  alone 
well  worth  ycur  efforts,  but  you  will  find 
the  world  ingeneral  judging  you  greatly, 
if  not  wholly,  by  your  "looks,'>-  there- 
fore it  pays  to  "look  your  best"  at  all 
times. 


AFTER 


Permit  no  one  to  see  you  looking:  other- 
wise; it  will  injure  your  welfare!  Upon 
the  impression  you  constantly  make 
rests  the  failure  or  success  of  your  life. 
Which  is  to  be  your  ultimate  destiny? 
My  new  Nose-Shaper,  "TRADOS"  (Model 
24),  corrects  now  ill-sTiaped  noses  with- 
out operation,  quickly,  safely  and  per- 
manently. Is  pleasant  and  does  not 
interfere  with  one's  daily  occupation, 
being    worn    at    nieht. 


Write  today  for  free  booklet,  lohich  iel 
ivithout   cost  if  1 

M.  TRILETY,  Face  Specialist     1033  Ackerman  Bldg.,  Banghamlon,  N.  ,Y. 


'AIs  you  now  to  correct  ill-shaped  noses 
not  satisfactory. 


PATRIOTIC 
PINS 

No.  3Si  \o.  ass 

For  schools,  colleges,  fraternities,  &c., 
in  two  colors,  hard  enamel,  20  cents 
each,  $2  dozen;  sterling,  40  cents  each, 
$4  dozen.  Send  now  for  our  catalog  of 
300  designs.    It's  FREE.    Write  to-day. 

Metal  Arts  Co. 


65  South  Ave, 

Xo.  3S3      Rochester,   N.  Y. 


No.  384 


IflUSIL  In  Yflur  Home  1*  KIjIj 

By  the  Oldest  and  Most  Keliablo  Schoorol 
Music    in    America — Established    ISDo 

Piano,  Organ,  Vioiii],  Maniiolia,  Guitar,  Banjo,  Etc, 


«      1)ow  com    M-oA 


P=¥=^ 


JD 


1)0W  Mm     M.oA.    TtlMAAA    tiftttU*  ouuK^ 

Beelaners  or  adTanced  players.  One  lesson  weekly, 
niufihrations  make  eTer^thing  plain.  Only  expense 
about  2c  uer  day  to  cover  cost  of  postage  and  miisic 
used.  Write  for  Free  booklet  which  explains  etery- 
tiling  in  full. 

American  School  ol  Mosic,  81  Lakeside  Bldg.,  Chicago. 


Eamed  $6,500 


WANTED— More  Salesmen— Salesman  Earns  $6500  This  Year 

'■Last  year  I  BAHNED  $800.     THIS  YEAR  $6.500— promoted  to   Sales  Manager. 
All  credit  to  you.    You  offer  yom-  members  MANY  G-GOD  POSITIONS." 

C.  W.  BIRMINGHA-M.  Dayton,  Ohio, 
—only  an  ordinary  record.  Thousands  of  successful  members.  Even  greater  cppor- 
tumties  are  yoiu-s  AS  A  CITY  OR  TRAVELLUMO  SALESMAN.  Increased  pros- 
Ifl'v^?,^^,^  ^°U^,t'SfJ\^l^li''  the  "Draft"  have  created  THOUSANDS  OF  GOOD  POSiI- 
TIONS.  EXPERIENCE  UNNECESSARY.  Write  for  large  list  of  lines  in  which 
Good  Positions  Are  Open  and  how  to  obtain  them.  Address  Deipt.  30. 
NATIO'NAIL  SA'LESMEN'S  TR.  ASSN.  .  Chicaeo.  Illinois.  U.  S.  A. 
BE    A    TRAVEXLING    SALESMAN 


Bo  Your  Own  Printing 


Cards,  circulars,  labels,  price  cards,  menus,  programs,  book,  newspaper  &c. 
PRESS$6.00.  Larger  size  S20.  Also  foot  and  power  presses.  Great  money  savers. 
You  can  cut  your  printing  bills  in  half.  Big  profit  printing  for  others  during 
spare  time.  Everyone  needs  printing.  Typesetting  easy.  Complete  instructions 
with  every  press,      Write  to  factory  for  catalog  of  presses,   TYPE,   cards, 

paper, samples &c.         THE  PRESS  CO.  D-10.  Meriden.  Conn. 

925 


Stops  Indigestion,  Dyspepsia,  Heartburn, 

Gases,  Sourness  and  Distress  from  an 

Out-of-Order  Stomach  at  once 


Large  50  cent  case.    Any  drug  store.     Relief  umtinq  !    Don^t  suffer  I 


raurDunioniaiiDeiil 

ProveItAtl%E^n^ 


Don't  send  me  one  cent — just  K'l'  m© 
Drove  it  to  you  as  I  hare  done  for  over 
73,500  obhers  in  the  last  six  montlis.  1 
claim. that  "Fairyfoot"  is  the  only  sutcess- 
ful  ciwe  for  (bunions  ever  made  and  I  want 
jou  to  let  me  send  it  to  you  PR:0B,  entire^ 
ly  at  toy  expense.  I  don't  care  how  many 
so-called  cures,  or  shields  or  pads  you  ever 
tried  ■without  sueccss,  I  don't  care  1io-\t  dis- 
gusted you  feel  -with  them  all — you  have 
not  tried  my  cure  and  I  have  snch  absolute 
confidence  in  it  that  I  asn  soins:  to  send 
>ou  this  treatment  absolutely  FItKE. 
It  is  a  wondea-ful  yet  simiple  home  treat- 
ment which  relieves  you  almost  instantly 
ol  all  pain ;  it  I'emoves  the  cause  of  the 
hunion  and  thus  the  ugly  deformity  disap- 
pears— all  tliis  while  you  nre  'nearing  tighter 
shots  tihan  ever.  Wrile 
now,  as  this  annaunce- 
mie.n;t  (ma.y  not  appear 
in  bhds  paper  a?ain. 
Jiist  send  yoibr  name 
and  address  and 
"Fairyfoot"  will  ibe 
sent  j>roaiiiptly  in  i>lain 
sealed     enTelope.  Write 

todaiy. 

Si:  FOOT  REMEDY  CO.Isr 

]|!  3607  W.  26th  St 
\\\  Chicago. 


DON'TNURSEACOLD— 
KILL  IT. 

Relief  in  five  minutes.  No 
strong  Drugs.  Just  a  lump  of 
sugar  with  a  few  drops  of  pure, 
health  giving  .VIRGIN  OIL  OF 
PINE.  This  can  be  secured  from 
any  Druggist,  and  is  prepared  only 
by"  the  Leach  Chemical  Co.,  Cin- 
cinnati, Oliio. 


CofflfortMoor  Closet 

Odorless — Sanitary — CSerm-Proof 

Every  home  without  sewerage,  plumbing  or  run- 
ning   water    needs    one.     Anyone 
can     install.        Placed     in     any 
room    in    the    house. 

U.  S.  Health  Bureau  Approves 

Says:  "Chemical  Closet  complies 
with  requirements."  Abolish  cold 
outdoor  closet.  Germ-life  Icilled 
by  chemicals.  State  Boards  of 
Health  endorse  it.  10,000  in  use. 
AGENTS  WANTED.  ExclUBive 
territory.      CATALOGUE     FREE. 

Conxfort     ChemicaJ     Closeli 

Co.    7801  Factories  BIdg:.. 

Toledo.   O. 


926 


STOP  DANDRUFF 

And  Falling  Hair 

Get  a  Small  Bottle  of  DANDERINE 

And  Double  the  Beauty  of  Your  Hair 


^/v^/^/ww^/v^/^/w^<'^'^'^' 


To  be  possessed  of  a  bead  of 
heavy,  beautiful  hair;  soft,  lus- 
trous, fluffy,  wavy  and  free  from 
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Don't  Wear 
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The  above  is  C.  E.  Brooks,  inventor  of  tlie 

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the  cure  of  rupture. 

Name    ., 


.^ddres.s      

City State. 


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Baldness 


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tobacco  habit  means  better  health,  longer 
life,  greater  earning  efficiency,  tranquillity^ 
contentment  and  other  benefits. 

SHE  WAS  OBESE 

The  shatiow  on  this  picture 
elves  you  an  Idea  how  she 
looked  and  felt.  By  taking 
Oil  of  Korelii  and  following 
the  easy  directions  she  re- 
duced 38  pounds  iu  three 
mon.tha.  Now  slie  is  agile, 
attractive,  mentally  alert 
and  la  better  health.  Re- 
liable anti-fat  self-treat- 
ment. Buy  a  small  box 
at  the  drag  store.  Oil  of 
Korein;  it  comes  in  capsules.  Many  women  hava 
reduced  easily,  lastingly,  10  to  60  pounds.  8af» 
and  pleasant  method,  endorsed  by  physicians.  .For 
free  book  of  advice  (in  plain  wrapper)  write  to 
Eoreln   Co,,     NA-i94.   StaUoa  F,   New    Yorli   City. 

To  the  Wife  of 

One  Who  Drinks 

If  this  should  reach  the  eyes  of  a  wife, 
mother  or  friend  of  some  srood  man  wiio 
drinks  liquor  to  excess  and  cannot  overcome 
the  sel£-ruininK  habit,  let  Oier  wrUe  to  Ed- 
ward J.  Woods.  DA  2  94.  Station  F.  New 
York  N.  Y.,  for  confidential  information 
which  Is  likelly  to  brine  great  .loy — ^a  com- 
plete victory  over  the  drint  habit. 


I 


933 


CZEMA 

Also  called  Tetter,  Salt  Rheum,  Pruritus, 

Milk  Crust,  Water  Poison, 

Weeping  Skin,  etc. 


For  fifteen  years  I  have  been  treating  one 
disease  alone,  ECZEMA.  I  have  handled  over 
one  million  cases.  I  do  not  pretend  to  know  it 
all,  but  I  am  convinced  the  disease  is  due  to 
an  excess  of  acid  in  the  blood,  and  closely  re- 
lated to  rheumatism  and  cancer.  This  acid 
must  be  removed. 

Eczema  is  called  by  some  people  Itch,  Tetter,  Salt 
Kheum,  Pruritus,  Milk  Crust,  Weeping  Skin,  etc.  1 
am  fully  convinced  Eczema  is  a  curable  disease,  and 
when  I  say  it  can  be  CURED,  J  mean  juat  what  I  say — 
C-U-B-E-D,  and  not  merely  patched  up  for  a  while  to 
return  worse  than  before  It  makes  no  difference  wihat 
other  doctors  have  told  you,  or  what  all  you  have  tried, 
all  I  ask  is  just  a  chance  to  prove  to  you  that  this  rast 
exjjerience  has  taught  me  a  great  deal  that  would  be  of 
help  to  you.  If  you  will  vmte  me  to-day  I  will  send  you  a  free  tnai  of  my  mild,  soothing, 
guaranteed  treatment  that  will  do  more  to  oonvince  you  than  I  or  anyone  else  coiUd 
in  a  month's  ipreaching.  It's  all  up  to  yooi.  If  you  suffer  any  more  with  eczema  and 
refuse  to  merely  write  to  me  for  free  trial,  just  blame  yourself.  No  matter  where  you 
live,  1  have  treated  your  neighbors,  ilerely  dropping  me  a  postal  today  is  likely  to 
give  you  more  real  comfort  in  a  week  than  you  ever  expected  to  enjoy  again.  Do  it 
right  now;  your  very  life  may  be  at  stake. 

J.  E.  CANNADAY,  M.  D.,  1423  Court  Bk.,  Sedalia,  Mo. 

Reference:    Third  National  Bank,   Sedalia,  or  ask  your  banker  to  find  out  about  me. 
Send  this  notice  to  some  poor  sufferer  from  eczema.  It  will  be  a  kind  act  by  you 


DR.  CANNADAY. 


JBczema    Specialist 
for    15    Years 


39  STYLES  OF  TRUSSES 
23  DIFFERENT  PADS 


Our  Akron  Sponge  RuFBer  Pad 
(patented)  brings  instant  relief  and 
produces  thousands  of  cures.      It  is  san^- 
itary^  Extremely  comfortable,  cannot  slip, 
allows  free  blood  circulation,  and  contin- 
ually massages  and  strengthens  muscles. 

Scrotal  Padi  Needs  Xo  Leg  Strap 

Our   New  Akron    Spongre   Rubber   Scrotal   Pad  holds   8    out   of   10    cases   of 
scrotal  hernia  perfectly  without  Strap  between  the  legs. 

FREE  Sample  Pad  and  Consultation 

A  Sample  Akron  Sponge  Rubber  Pad  will  be  sent  absolutely  FREE  to  every 
ruptured  person.  Advice  and  recommendation  of  our  experienced  Fitting 
Experts  also  FREE.,    Letters  and  printed  matter  mailed  in  plain  envelopes. 

Absolute  $500  Money-Back  Guarantee 

Every  Akron  Truss  sold  under  above  guarantee.  Tour  money  back  if  wanted 
any  time  within  30  days.  Ask  ycur  dealer  or  write  us  NOW  for  Sample 
Pad,  copy  of  $500  Money-Back  Guarantee  and  booklet  "Relief  to  Truss 
Users,"  all  absolutely  FREE. 

The  Akron  Truss  Co.,  502  Truss  Bldg.,  Akron,  Ohio 

934 


Cured  His  Piles 


XoTV  88  Tears  Old,  But  AVorks  at  Trade  of 

Blacksmith   and   Feels    Youngrer 

iSince  Piles  Are  Gone. 

The  olclest.  aotdv©  Waolvsrajth  in  Mlcliigan  is 
Ftill  iioun^Ung  liis  anvil  in  the  town  of  Homer-^ 
lluanlis'  to  my  iaLerual  onetltiod  for  cui-iog  piles. 


Mr.    Jacob    Lyon.    Momer.   Mich. 


i      I   ■wish    tliat   you    could   lie>ar  Tiim  tell    of   his 
'  many  experiences  with  ointments,  salves,  dilatoi-s. 
eto. ,  (before  'he  triod  my  metlwxl,     Hcn'e  is  a  letter 
:  just  received  from  Inm: 

Homer,  Jlioli..  Junei  27.  1917. 
Mr.  E.   R.  Page.   Maishall,  Mich. 

Dear  Sir:    1  waoit  you  to  know  \vili-at  your  treat- 
ment has  done  for  me.     I  bad  suffei-ed  with  piles 
foil-    many    years    and    used    suppoMtorics    and   all 
kinds  o*   treatmieaiits.   but  never  got  relief  until   I 
tii«l   yours.     Am    now    completely    cured.       Al- 
)ihou?h  I  am  SS  yeare  old,  and  Clie  oldest  active 
lilaclismith   in   Jlitfliisan,     I     feel     yeaim     younger 
;  slt!ce  the  pHea  'hsiv-e  left  me.    J   will  purely  i«com- 
;  wiend  it  to   all  I   know   who  suffer  Uiis  way.     Xou 
I  can   use  my  letter  any  way  you  wish   and  I  hoi>e 
'■  it.  -ivUl  dead  otihors  to  try  this  Tvonderful  remedy. 
i  Yours    tj-uly.    J.    L.    LYON. 

i      Don't  let  a  doctor  cut    you    and    don't    waste 
■  money  on.  foolish  salves,  ointments,  dilatoie.  etc, 
!  but  eend  to-day  for  a  Free  Ti-ial  of  my   mtemal 
;  method  for  tilie   Permanent  Cure  of   Piles. 

I  especiailly  want  to  aend  it  ito  itiiose  apparently 
bapeless  cases  wihere  all  foiuns  of  salves,  ointments, 
dilators  and  other  local  treatanents  'haye  failed. 


Free  Pile  Cure  Coupon 

E.  R.  Pase,  ,„  , 

1202A  Main  St..  Marshall,  Mich. 

Please  send  free  trial   of  your   .Method  to: 


TO  CELEBRATE 
30TH  ANNIVERSARY 

PROMINENT    SPECIALIST    WILL 
GIVE  AWAY  TREATMENT 

FREE 

A  man  who  is  Cele- 
bratine-  his  30th  anni- 
versary of  successful 
Tvoi'k  Is  natui-ally  in  a 
very  happy  and  gen- 
erous  frame   oif   mind. 

This  Is  iust  the  con- 
dition of  Catarrh  Spe- 
cialist Sproule  of  Bos- 
ton, whose  picture  yea 
6ee  here.  For  30  years 
he  has  been  curinsr 
•Catarrh  all  over  the 
country. 

■He     has     given     up 
everything      for     what 
he    felt    was    his    lUe 
work — a   post   oiC   sur- 
geon    in     the     British 
Royal  Mall  Naval  Ser- 
vice— days  an-d   nights 
to  study  and  research. 
He    haa    travelled   ex- 
tensively, observing  the 
effects   of    climate    on 
Catarrh.     Little    won- 
der when  you  know  all 
to-day    known    as    The 
cn-Hi'iii    opct;i<xiiafc    of  America^        .,.-_ 
Hl^TOethodof  treatment  is  new.  different 
from  others,  and  has  broussht  untold  ioy  to 
hundreds    and    hundreds    of    Catarrh   Sui:- 

But'  yo"U  sav.  I  would  like  to  se«  this 
treatment.  Htere  is  your  opportunity.  To  cel- 
ebrate liis  30th  nnniversary.  Catarrh  Spe- 
cialist Snroule  offers  his  famous  Catarrh 
Treatment  Free  to  all  who  \vrite  durinc 
1919.  .  ^ 

Think  what  this  offer  means  to  you!  Tou 
eecure  a  treatment  which  is  famous  all  over 
•Am.'^rica — you  see  for  yourself  a  method  o<f 
treatment  which  has  really  cured  Catarrh, 
and  you  get  this  treatment  for  nothins. 

SEND  TO-DAY 

Remember  Dhls  is  a  moat  expensive  cele- 
bration for  the  Specialist  and  he  can't 
afford  to  do  it  for  lonsr.  You  must  not  miss 
the  chance.  Just  set  paper  and  pencil  and 
lot  down  your  ^fuU  name  and  address,  with 
just  three  words,  "Catarrh  Treatment 
Free."  If  you  have  a  post-card  handy, 
use  that.  The  point  is.  to  send  at  once  for 
thiB  treatment,  so  that  you  can  get  it  free 
and  try  it  for  yourself. 

You  know  'how  loathsome  and  disgusting 
a  disease  Catarrh  is.  You  know  that  It  leads 
to  dreadful  incurable  troubles.  Perhaps  you 
have  always  thougiht  that  Catarrh  was  In- 
curable. You  ihad  not  realized  that  there 
was  a  man  who  has  devoted  more  than  c 
quarter  of  a  century  to  its  study,  who  has 
such  a  vast  experience  that  he  must  have 
cured  scores  of  cases  Just  like  yours. 

Don't  delay,  but  write  right  now  for  the 
Free   Anniversary    Treatment. 

Address 

Catarrh    Specialist    Sproule, 
200  Tra<1e  Buiiainsr.  Boston.  Mass. 

935 


iCataiTlj  Specialist 
Sproule. 

this    that    he    is 
Catarrh    Specialist 


Free  to 


ASTHMA 
UFFERERS 


A  New  Home  Cure  That  Anyone  Can 
Use  Without  Discomfort  or  Loss  of  Time 

We  have  a  new  Method  that  cures 
Asthma,  and  we  want  yovi  to  tiy  it  at 
our  expense.  No  matter  whether  your 
case  is  of  long-standing  or  recent  de- 
velopment, whether  it  is  present  as 
occasional  or  chronic  Asthma,  you 
should  send  for  a  free  trial  of  our 
method.  No  matter  in  what  climate 
you  live,  no  matter  what  your  age  or 
occupation,  if  j^ou  are  troubled  with 
Asthma,  our  method  should  relieve 
you  promptl3^ 

We  especiallj^  want  to  send  it  to 
those  apparently  hopeless  cases, 
where  all  forms  of  inhalers,  douches, 
opium  preparations,  fumes,  "patent 
smokes,"  etc.,  have  failed.  We  want 
to  show  everyone,  at  our  own  expense, 
that  this  new  method  is  designed  to 
end  all  difficult  breathing,  all  wheez- 
ing, and  all  those  terrible  paroxysms 
at  once  and  for  all  time. 

This  free  offer  is  too  important  to 
neglect  a  single  day.  Write  now  and 
then  begin  the  method  at  once.  Send 
no  money.  Simply  mail  coupon  be- 
low.    Do  It  Today. 


FREE  ASTHMA  COUPON 

FRONTIER  ASTHMA  OO..  Room 
1399-T.  Niagara  and  Hudsoji  Sts., 
Buffalo,  J^.  Y. 

Send  free  trial  of  your  method  to: 


New  Trcafmcnt  That 
Knocks  Rheumatism 


75c  BOX  FREE  TO  ANY  SUFFERER 

Up  in  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  a  treatment 
for  rheumatism  has  been  found  that 
hundreds  of  users  say  is  a  wonder, 
reporting  cases  that  seem  little  short 
of  miraculous.  Just  a  few  treatments 
even  in  the  very  worst  cases  seem  to 
accomplish  wonders  even  to  neutral- 
ize the  uric  acid  and  Ijme  salt  de- 
posits in  the  blood,  driving  all  the 
poisonous  clogging  waste  from  the 
system.  Soreness, pain,  stiffness,  swell- 
ing; just  seem  to  melt  away  and  vanish. 
The  treatment  first  introduced  by  Mr. 
Delano  is  so  good  that  its  owner  wants 
everybody  who  suffers  from  rheumatism 
or  who  has  a  friend  so  afflicted  to  get  a 
free  75c  package  from  him  to  prove  just 
what  It  'Will  do  in  every  case  before  a 
penny  is  S'pen't.  Mr.  Delano  says:  "To 
prove  that  the  Delano  treatment  will 
positively  overcome  rheumatism,  no 
matter  how  severe,  stubborn  or  long 
standing  the  case,  and  even  after  all 
other  treatmenits  have  failed,  I  will,  if 
you  have  never  previously  used  the 
trea/tment,  send  you  a  full  size  76c  pack- 
age free  if  you  will  jus.t  cut  out  this 
notice  and  send  it  with  your  name  and 
address  with  10c  to  help  pay  postage  and 
distribution  expense  to  me  personally." 

F.  H.  DELANO 

403  E  Wood  Building,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

I  caa  send  only  one  Free  'Pacfcage  to  an  addreas. 
936 


.RIOIO  PAD  Alio  fc 


pCOicArain  ckapcs 


Stop  Using  a  Truss 

Tes.  STOP  it;  I  say!  You  KNOW  by  your  own  ex- 
perience that  It  Is  only  a  makeshift —  a  false  prop 
against  a  collapsing  wgll,  and  that  Jt  Is  undermining 
your  health.  Why,  then,  continue  to  weao-  it?  Let 
me  Dolnt  out  a  better  way. 

FREE  T^H^E  RUPTURED 

I  want  to  send  to  every  RUPTURED  SUFFERER,   ab- 
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ing, instructive  4  8-DaKe  book  on  Rupture — explains  what  rupture  is  and  why 
trusses    and   similar    MERE    MECHANICAL   supports    cannot    be    relied    upon. 

The  PLAPAO-PADS  are  nature's  wfiy.  This  simple,  inexpensive  home 
treatment  gives  quick  relief,  streng'thens  weakened  muscles.  Does  away  with 
steel  and  rubber  bands  that  ohalfe  and  pinch.  Close  the  hernial  opening  as 
nature  Intended,  so  the  rupture  CAN'T  come  down.  Hundreds  have  testified 
under  oath  that  the  PLAPAO-PADS  positively  and  permanently  cured  their  rupture 
— ^some  of  them  most  aggravated  cases  and  of  long  standing.  Awarded  Gold 
Meda.I  and  Grand  Prix. 

Soft  as  Velvet— Easy  to  Apply— Inexpensive 

There  is  no  metal  about  the  PLAPAO-PADS — no 
straps,  buckles  or  springs  attached — soft  as  vel- 
vet. Easy,  to  w.ear.  No  delay  from  wiork.  Easy 
to  apply  and  reqailr©  no  readjusting.  Process  of 
recovery  is  natural,  so  afterward  no  use  for 
trusses.  Ask  me  to  prove  what  I  say  by  sending 
Trial  PLAPAO  and  a  most  convincing  mass  of 
,     ,ir--^         ^  evidence    FREE — no  charge  for  it    now    or    ever — . 

"imMcesuRFAcc or  1HC fLAM(h     nothing    to    be    returned.      Don't    wait.      Write    to- 
PDD  Ji  riAOt  ADMCSir  FOR         day — 'NOW. 

SSHSi'SS'       Piapao  Laboratories,  Inc. 

^  rmi  iiyi/iicwriniMintAniuT^  BLOCK  341,  ST.  LOUIS,  MO. 

lALOF  PLAPAO 


E  N  T  Q  N  A 


CAN  BE  CURED 

without  an  operation.  Some 
of  the  worst  cases  have  been 
cured  with 

PAZO  OINTMENT 

in  14  days  and  most  cases 
are  cured  in  6  days. 

PRICE,  60  CENTS 


m3ss^33snmm- 


Oriffinal  Gluten 

SuBOositories 

(16  In  Box) 


An  old  remedy,  used  by  physicians  for  both 
adults  and  i-nfants  ever  si-.ce  it  was  formu- 
lated in  1S7  7  by  Dr. 
Frank  Fuller.  Presi- 
dent of  the  Health 
Food  Company. 
Constipation  ordinarily 
octure  in  the  leotum 
(m).  Why  try  to  re- 
Keve  by  harmful  drugs 
dn  pills  and  tablets 
■v^'hich  hurt  the  stom- 
ach (b)  and  must  pass 
G  tlu-ough  the  twenty  or 
tliirty  feet  of  intes- 
tines (c.  d.  e.  f.  b) 
before  they  reach  the 
rectum  (m)  t 
EXTOXAS  "reach  tlie 
spot"  iiiUnediately. 

M'ade    of   food    suibstances.    they    etrensthen    the 
muscles  and  lubricate  the  irritated  parts. 

Send  for  your  sample,  free,  or  stop  at  the 
nearest  druggist's  and  get  a  50 -cent  box. 
ENTONA  CO.,  Dept.  A.  Boston,  Mass. 

937 


Established 

Over 
Fifty  Years. 

Always 
at  the  Same 

Address 


DITMAN'S 
ETSAME    TRUSS 


EMPRESS 
SUPPORTED 


Our  TRUSS  is  most  efficient  in  controlling  Hernia 

ABDOMINAL  SUPPORTERS,  ELASTIC  STOCK- 
INGS and  aU  Elastic  Goods  made  up  fresh  for 
each  order. 

We  carry  a  full  line  of  Surgical  Appliances, 
ARCH  SUPPORTERS,  CRUTCHES,  INVALID 
CHAIRS. 

Illustrated  Catalogue  Free  on  Request 

We  Mahe 
BRACES  for  CURVATURE  OF  SPINE 
BRACES   for    WEAK   ANKLES 
BRACES     for     BOW     LEGS 
BRACES   for    KNOCK   KNEES 

ARTIFICIAL  LIMBS  for  BOTH  LEGS  AND  ARMS 


A.  J.  DITMAN 


2  Barclay  Street         {opposite  Wooiwonh  Burning) 

SEE  PAiGE  110,  FRONT  OF  BOOK. 
938 


New  York 


I 


Relief  Now  FREE 
for  Catarrh  Sufferers 

You  Carr  IMovsa  Treat  This  Trouble    in  Your  0\A/^n 
Homo  arid   Get  RolJef  at  Once. 

HOW  THE  REMEDY  FOR  CATARRH  WAS  DISCOVERED, 


•This  terrible  disease  has 
raffed  unchecked  for  years 
simply  because  symptoms 
have  been  treated  while  the 
cause  of  the  trouble  has 
been  left  to  circulate  in  the 
blood  and  bring-  the  disease 
back  as  fast  as  local  treat- 
ments could  relieve  it. 

0.  E.  Gaiiss.  Miio  experianented 
for  years  on  a  treatJnent  for  Ca- 
•baimi,  foxmd  that  after  (perfecting  a 
0)31111  that  relieved  the  nose  and 
tfttoat  troaiblee  aui<&ly  lie  coiild  not 
pre-v'ent  the  troiitole  •beginning  all 
OTer  again. 

On  test  cases  tie  coaild  cainpIeteV 
remove  all  signs  of  Catarrh  from 
nose  and  threat,  itmt  in  a  fevv  weeks 
t'DOT  H'ere  tiack. 

Careful  experimients  and  investi- 
gations  have  ehovvin  that  as  the 
troubles  were  exa^eHed  from  the  nose 
and  throat  the  real  oanse  of  the 
disease  was  overlooked,  and  in  a 
abort  tiime  the  Catarrh  would  re- 
turn Btfonger  than  ever.  Mr.  CaucS 
has  gone  way  aJiead  of  the  ordinary 
nieBhodB  and  ihas  provided  a  treat- 
ment that 


The  Trouble  Begins  Here 
In  the  upper  nasal  cavity 
the  catarrhal  mucus  collects 
and  either  runs  out  through 
the  nostrils,  op  dropping 
down,  It  hardens  and  forms 
In  chunks  or  long  strings 
just  where  the  soft  palate  or 
uvula  Is  located. 

The  Trouble  Gets  Worse 
It  then  drops  down  the 
throat  with  food  or  drink 
and  creates  a  condition 
wrongly  diagnosed  as  indi- 
gestion and  stomach  trouble. 

You  Never  Can  Tell  What 

Serious  Trouble  Catarrh 

May  Develop. 

From  the  stomach  It 
mixes  with  all  food  and  en- 
ters  the  blood  to  call  upon  the  entire  system  to  get 
rid  of  it.  Gauss'  Combined  Method  acts  In  all  these 
stages  from  the  nasal  cavities  to  the  throat,  stomach, 
intestines,  the  blood,  liver,  breathing  apparatus,  bow- 
els  kidneys,  bladder  and  skin.  It  is  the  most  com- 
prehensive  treatment   ever   discovered. 

Removes  the  Oause 

Immediately  Gives  Relief  to  the  Nose  and  Throat, 
Thus  Preventing  Serious  Complications 

Reese  Jones,  of  Scranton.  Penn^  says  tliat  after  trying 
many  other  treatments,  he  used  tflis  new  metnod  ana— 
"My  nose  is  now  entirely  clear  and  free  and  I  arn  not 
bothered  by  the  disease  any  more.  The  New  Combined 
Treatment  is  worth  its  we'igrht  in  gold." 

Temporary  relief  from  catarrh  may  be  obtained  in 
other  waysrbut  the  New  Comftned  Treatment  must  In- 
evitably be  aeceptea  for  permanent  resMUa. 

Sarah  J.  Cape.  Mount  Pella.  Tenn,.  says:    *,»«,«,«,_______. 

"I  suffered    the   paina  and  distress  of  catarrh    ■-  ~Z  T,         Z,  JT   "■"■""■ 

for  thirteen  years  and,  needless  to  state,  tried  ■  CAnfl  tlie  Ta«|-  TrPafniPnf 
nearly  every  method.  But  by  your  new  meth-  |  »^»'M«  ""*  'jT^  *  *  CailUtrill. 
od  I   was  comtleielv    cured,    and    you    cannot  ITlJirF^ 

Imagine  the  .ioy  that  has  come  over  me.  |  *•  M\MUt:^ 

ttisX   Treatnf\ent   FREE  |    •    5155  MaUi  street,  Marshall.  Mich, 

This  new  method  Is   so  Important  to  Ihe  If    your    New    Combined    Treatment 

welfare  of  humanity,  so  vital  to  every  person  |  will'  relieve  my  Catarrh  and  bring  me 
suffering  from  any  form  of  catarrh,  that  the  -  health  and  good  spirits  again,  I  am 
opportunity  to  actually  test  It  and  move  its  |  willing  to  be  shown.  So.  without  cost 
results  will  be  gladly  extended  without  one  or  obligation  to  me,  send,  fully  pre- 
cent  of  cost.  |  paid,  the  Treatment  and  Book. 

A  large  trial  treatment,  with  complete,  ml- 

nute  directions,  will   be  sent  free  to  any  ca-    |  jjanie 

tarrh  sufferer.  ,  ,  ,       _„-i,„   _„ 

Send   no   money,    take  no  risks    rnalte  no    . 

promises.    Simply  clip,  sign  a.nd  mail  the  cou-    ■  Address 

pon   and   the   test   package   of   the  New  Com-    . 
bined   Treatment  will    be  sent,    fully  prepaid.    | 

together  with  the  valuable  book  on  Catarrh.  

939 


Goes  to  the  Root  of 

Stopped-up  noses 
Constant  "frog-in-the- 
throat" 
Nasal   discharges 
Hawking  and  spitting 
Snoring  at  night 
Bad  breath 
Frequent    colds 
Difficult    breathing 
Smothering  sensation  In 

dreams 
Sudden  fits  of  sneezing 
Dry  mucus  in  nose 
and     any     of     the     other 
symptoms     that     Indicate 
approaching     or     present 
catarrh. 


Yet,  at  72 

He  Lives 

To  Tell 

Wonderful 

Story 


Hydraulic  Engineer  Finds 
Cure  for  Rheumatism 

After  Suffering  Agonies  Many  Years 


HOW  IT  HAPPENED 

"Eleven  years  ago  I  was  In  a  lios- 
pital  (for  seven  'weeks,  at  a  cost  of 
over  two  hundred  dollars.  For  two 
years  I  suffered  torments,  and  winter 
■beifore  la^st  I  was  laid  up  six  weeks 
under  doctor's  care.  Truly  in  the  last 
twelve  years  I  have  wanted  to  die.  I 
was  in  such  agony.  I  would  say, 
'g-ood  Lord  taKe  me  rather  than  go 
throuig-h  it  a^ain.' 

"But  now  I  am  a  new  man.  I  am 
a  better  man  to-day  than  I  was  twelve 
years  a-g-o.  I  •'lan  almost  put  my  leg 
over  the  back  of  my  head.  I  could 
do  that  at  30,  now  I  am  72." 

Mr.  Willson,  the  well  known  Hy- 
draulic Engineer,  is  onJy  one  of  thou- 
sands who  suffered  for  years,  owing 
to  the  general  belieif  in  the  old,  false 
theory,  that  "Uric  Acid"  causes  rheu- 
m'atism.  This  erroneous  (belief  in- 
duced him  and  legions  of  -unfortu- 
nate 'men  and  'women  to  take  wrong 
treatments.  You  might  just  as  well 
attempt  to  put  out  a  fire  with  oil  as 
to  try  and  get  rid  of  your  rheumatism, 
neuritis  and  like  complaints,  by  tak- 
ing treatment  supposed  to  drive  Uric 
Acid  out  of  your  blood  an-d  body. 
Many  pihysicians  noiw  know  that  Uric 


940 


Acid  never  did  and  never  will  oaase 
■rheumatism;  that  it  is  a  natural  and 
necessary  constituent  of  the  blood; 
that  it  is  found  in  every  new-t)orn 
<babe,  and  without  it  we  cannot  live! 

It  took  Mr.  Willson  twelve  years  to 
find  out  this  truth.  He  learned  how 
to  get  rid  lit  the  true  caiuse  of  his 
rheumatism  and  recover  his  strength 
from  "The  Inner  Mysteries,"  a  re- 
markable book  now  being  distributed 
free  by  'an  authority  who  devoted 
over  twenty  years  to  the  scientific 
study  of  tlhis  malady.  And  Mr.  Will- 
son  says:  "Now  I  know,  and  I  never 
can  forget— the  carrier  left  it  in  my 
box  and  I  came  near  throwing  it  in 
the  fire.  (But  something  prompted 
me  to  look  it  over.     Thank  God  I  did." 

NOTE:  If  any  reader  of  the  World 
Almanac  wishes  the  book  that  reveals 
tiiese  facts  regarding  the  true  cause 
and  'Cure  of  rheumatism  that  were 
■ovenlooked  iby  doctors  and  scientists 
for  centuries  past,  simiply  send  a  post 
card  ■or  letter  to  H.  P.  Clearwater,  380 
A  Street,  Hallowell,  Maine,  and  it 
will  'be  sent  by  return  mail  without 
any  charge  whatever.  Send  now! 
You  may  never  get  this  opportunity 
again.  If  not  a  sufferer  yourself,  'be 
sure  to  hand  thi's  good  news  to  s'ome 
afflicted  acctuaintance. 


Crooked  SpinesMade  Straight 

Any  form  of  spinal  trouble  can  be  relieved  in  your  own  home  with- 
out pain  or  discomfort,  by  a  wonderful  anatomical  appliance,  invented 
by  a  man  who  cured  himself  of  Spinal  Curvature.  Its  results  are  mar- 
velous. It  is  nature's  own  ariethod.  Eminent  p'hysicians  endorse  it.  The  P'hilo 
Burt  Metliod  relieves  the  pressure  at  the  affected 
parts  of  the  spine,  the  whole  spine  is  invigorated 
and  strengthened,  all  soreness  is  taken  out  of  the 
back,  the  cartilage  between  the  vertebrae  is  made 
to  expand,  the  contracted  muscles  are  relaxed  and 
the  spine  is  straightened.  We  guarantee 
satisfaction  and  let  you  use  it  30  days. 
There  is  bright  hope  for  you,  no  matter 
how  long  you  have  suffered.  We  have  suc- 
cessfully treated  over  30,000  cases  and  have 
strong  testimonials  from  every  State  in  the 
Union.  Each  Appliance  is  made  to  order 
from  individual  measurements  and  fits 
perfectly.  ! 

Write  for  our  free  book.    Describe  your  case 
so  we  «an  mail   definite  infonmatlon, 

PHILO  BUFT  MFG.  CO.     -     227  19th  St.,  Jamestown,  N.  Y. 


Hair  Trouble  Successfully  Treated 


CALVACURA  STOPS  HAIR  FALLIN 

THE  CALVAOUBA.  METHflD  Lsla  fcientiflc.  natural  method,  iavariably 

Mrs.    L,ina    Belperio. 

wtiose  i^iwtograph  appeals 
here,  sent  us  a  yery  in- 
teresting sworn  statement 
of  the  xemarltatole  results 
she  and  her  children  ob- 
tained from  the  Calvacnra 
Method.  We  would  like 
to  send  you  a  copy  ol 
this  statement. 

Mrs.  John  Malouin 
writes:  "The  sample  box 
started  a  growth  of  ttow 
hair  and  I  am  so  (pleased 
I  am  sending  for  a  full 
treatment."  .       . 

Mr.  Frank  H.  Wnsrht 
says:       "i'our    Calvacura 

No.  1  cured  me,  al&o  my 

brother-in-law.  and  I  can 

recommend  it  to  any  one.  - 

Do    'Sou    Suffer    front 

Dandruff,     Falling    Hair, 

Prematurely     Gray    Hair, 

Stripy.    Sticky   or   Matted 

Hair,    Itching  or   Eczema 

of    the   Scalp?      Are    you 

bald  iheaded  or  nearly  so? 
Delays   Are   Danger- 
ous—-If    you    suffer    from 

any   of    tue   hair   troubles 

mentioned   above,    do   not 

neglect   it.    try   to   relieve 

the  trouble  at  once.     Let 

us  send  you  our  illustrated   ^bbbimv^b^.     ^^im^b^mhk.       -^•^^•^ 

book,    "The   TriumiA    of  Successful   Scientific   Treatment 

941 


From  Photograpli — Not  Betouched. 


producing  gratifying  results. 
Science  Oier  Baldness," 
and  a  liberal  sample  of 
Oalvacura. 

Simple  Test — ^If  yo.u 
find  hairs  adhere  to  your 
comib,  examine  them  close- 
ly. If  the  root  is  pale, 
dry,  dead  looking,  take 
■warning;  correct  the 
trouble  if  you.  want  to 
save  your  hair  and  vxaM 
it  grow. 

Let  lis  Trove  to  you 
by  sending  you  a  Saiirple 
Treatment  that  the  Cal- 
vacura Natural  Method  of 
Hair  Culture  stops  the 
falling  of  hair,  driving 
away  dandruff  and  eczema 
o!f  the  scalp  and  promotes 
the  growth  of  now  hair. 
We  will  send  a  liberal 
sample  of  Calvacura  No. 
1  and  our  illustrated  book 
on  the  care  of  the  hair 
and  scalp,  if  you  will 
write  your  name  and  ad- 
dress plainly  on  a  piece 
of  poiper  and  enclose  it 
with  ten  cents  silver  or 
stamps,  as  evidence  of  your 
good  faith,  in  an  envelope 
addi>essed  |inion  Labor- 
ator.v.  213  lOtli  St.. 
Bin8:hainton.  N.  T. 
DOIT  NOW.  BEFORE 
XOV    rOKGET. 


THE    WORLD     ALMANAC    ADDENDA 


CLASSIFIED     SECTION 


Artificial    Eyes. 

Artificial  human  eyes  made  to  order.  Large  stock 
on  hand.  Supply  all  eye  inflmarjes  of  Greater 
New  York  and  vicinity.  Terms  reasonable.  Write 
for  particulars.  Established  1851.  MAGER  & 
GOUGELMANN.   108   E.    12th   St..    NewYork. 

Cash  for  Old  False  Teeeth. 


Cash  for  Old  False  Teeth'^a'Ttuli  "ain'e.  ,teo 

highest  pricea  for  Bridges,  Crowns,  Watches,  Dia- 
monds, Old  Gold.  Silver  and  Platinum.  Send  NOW 
and  receive  CASH  by  return  maU;  your  goods  re- 
turned at  our  expense  if  price  is  unsatisfactory. 
.Mazer  &  Co..  Dept'.  1.  2007  6.  otih  St..  Phila.  Pa,, 


lyame   People. 


The  Perfection  E.Kteusion 
Shoe  is  worn  with  readj- 
made  shoes.  Both  feet 
look  alike.  Sliipped  on 
trial.  Write  for  booklet, 

HENRY  W.  I.OT7,. 

323  4th  Ave., New  York 


OUR 
WAY 


Cemeteries. 


THE3  WOODLAWN  CEMETEKY. 

Borough  of  the  Bronx.     Lots  $150  ui). 
Write  for  Descriptive  Booklet,    or  by   request  a 
representative  will   call.     Telephone   connection. 
Office,    20   Bngt   23d    St..    New    York. 


Cigars. 


A.  SCHULll 


CIGARS,  TOBACCOS  AND  PIPES. 

Exccuitive  Offices.  3S4-o8e  Broadway;  stores  in 
Oreat'er  New  York,  Ohioago,  Philadelphia,  De- 
troit. Newark,  Bridgeport,  'Buffalo,  Kochester  and 
other  cities. 


Coneptjons. 


R.  G.  DUN  &  CO., 

Dun  Building, 
290  Broadway,   New  York. 


Gold  Bouffht. 


John  Daley 

or  return  goods. 


BUYS     platinum,     diamonds, 
gold,    pawn    tickets,    antiques. 
Send  to  me;  I  will  send  money 
€54  6th  Ave.,  38th  St. 


Medical 

■#11     Bi  ^  We  pay 
^     •^^^^■^^    Minneai 


fREETREATIVlENT 

We  pav  postage  and  send  free 
Ited  Cross  Pile  and  Fistula 
Cure.  REA  CO.,  Dopl.  76, 
Minneapolis,   Minn. 


Mercantile  Agencies. 


R.  G.  DUN  &  CO., 

Dim    Building. 
290  Broadway.   New   York. 


Old  Money  J\Vanigdi - 

We  I'AV  cash  for  all  Tare  coins  and  bills.  Save 
all  odd-looking  money  and  bills  and  send  4c  for 
Large  Illustrated  Coin  Circular.  It  may  niean 
much  to  you.  Send  now.  NUMISMATIC  BANK, 
Dept.   R.  Fort  Worth,  Texas. 

Pbonograuli   Needles. . 

PHONOGRAPH  OWNERlT 

Test  oUr  new  needlos.  Improve  tone.  Buy  at 
wholesale  prices.  Trial  samples  and  offer.  250. 
F.    Kenyon   Co.,   31    Union   Square,    New   York. 


Skates. 


Hel0  Wanted. 


BE  A  DETECTIVE 

Earn  big  pay;  nice  work;  experience  unneces- 
sary; ivrito  for  free  (particulars.  WAGNER,  186 
East  TSth   SUeet,   J^ew  York.     Dept.   344. 

We'll  coach  you  quicldy 
by  mail  for  Civil  Service 
appointment.  Money  back  guarantee.  Permanent; 
good  pay;  easy  hours.  Write  for  free  book  "B  H." 
Washington  Civil  Service  School.  Washington,  D.  C, 


Get  a  Gov't  Position. 


PEERLESS       TUB'E       8  K  A  IKS  ^^ 

Ohamipions    *'-  '  ■ "    i'^^=^^^^sa         Circular. 
FRANK      Mac.\lI,ljIi.\.N,  Box  690,  Fort  T.ee,  iN.  J. 


Storage  Wareliouses. 


COLUMBIA    WAREHOUSES 

Columbus  Ave.,  esth  to  67th  St.  Office.  149 
Columbus  Ave.  Telephone,  2977  Columbus.  The 
New  Columbia.  90th  .St..   New  York  City^ 


Wanted  to  Buy. 


w.miaiii.i«Mijiiiiai^"^".'  »t' 


(brolten  or  not). 
We  pay  higheet  ■prices  for  old  Gold  Jewelry.  Dental 
Gold.  Platiniun.  SilTer  and  Diamonds.  Package 
returned  at  our  expense  if  our  otfer  is  refused. 
UIOTTBD  STATES  a.MiEl>TlNG  WORKS.  Inc., 
281   Goldsmith  Bldg..   Milwaukee.  Wis. 


FARMS 


Over  100  ot  the  best  farms  in  Northern  New  Jersey 
within  two  hours  of  New  York  City,  three  hours  ot 
Philadelphia.  Many  of  these  excellent  farms.  fulLv 
stocked  and  cropped,  tliat  can  be  sold  for  prices  within 
the  reach  of  tihe  aveTage  person. 


SEND    FOR    CATALOGUE.       Address 


HARRY   CHRISTINE,   WASHINGTON,  N.   J. 


Kill  the  Hair  Roit 


My  method  is  the  only;  way  to  prevent  the  hair  from  growing  again.  Easy, 
painless,  harmless.  No  scars.  Booklet  free.  Write  today,  enclosing  4  stamps. 
We  teach  beauty  culture. 

D.   J.   MAHLER,  8600   Mahler  Park,  PROVIDENCE,   R.    I. 

942 


ceo  Mibit 

ANISHED  in 

48  io72  Hours 


Immediate  Results 


Trying  to  quit  the  tobacco  habit  unaided  is  a 
losing  fight  against  heavy  odds,  and  means  a 
eerious  shock  to  your  nervous  system.  So  don't 
try  it!  Make  the  tobacco  habit  quit  you.  It 
will  quit  you  if  you  will  jufft  take  Tobacco 
Redeemer  according  to  directions. 

It  doesn't  make  a  particle  of  difference 
whether  you  have  been  a  user  of  tobacco  for 
a  single  month  or  for  60  years,  or  how  much 
you  use,  or  in  what  form  you  use  it.  Whether 
yoa  emoke  cigars,  cigarettes,  pipe,  chew  plug 


or  fine  cut  or  use  snufT  Tobacco  Redeemer 
will  positively  remove  all  craving  for  tobacco  W 
in  any  form  in  from  48  to  72  hours.    Your ) 
tobacco  craving  will  begin  to  decrease  after 
the  very  first  doee— there's  no  waiting  for 
results. 

Tobacco  Redeemer  fs  absolutely  harmless 
and  contains  no  habit-forming  drugs  of  any 
kind— the  most  marvelously  quick,  thoroughly 
reliable  remedy  for  the  tobacco  habit  the 
world  has  ever  known. 


I 

Not  a  Substitute      I 

I 

I 

I 


Tobacco  Redeemer  is  in  no  sense  a  substitute  for  tobacco,  but  is  a  radical,  efficient  treat- 
ment. After  finishing  the  treatment  you  have  absolutely  no  desire  to  use  tobacco  again  or  to 
continue  the  use  of  the  remedy.  It  quiets  the  nerves,  and  will  make  you  feel  better  in 
every  way.  If  you  really  •wa.nt  to  quit  the  tobacco  habit— get  rid  of  it  80  completely  that 
when  you  see  others  using  it,  it  will  not  awaken  the  slightest  desire  iii  you— you  should  at 
once  begin  a  course  of  Tobacco  Redeemer  treatment  for  the  habit. 

Results  Absolutely  Guaranteed 


A  single  trial  will  convince  the  most  sk  i  ptical. 
Our  legal,  binding,  money-back  guarantee 
goes  with  each  full  treatment.  If  Tobacco 
Redeemer  fails  to  banish  the  tobacco  habit 


when  taken  according  to  the  plain  and  easy 
directions,  your  money  Will  be  cheerfully 
refunded  upon  demand. 


Let  Us  Send  You  Convincing  /TmAIL  COUPON  FOR 
Proof  E.^?e.V.l%^^°^«*n^.^*l^^'=».V    CONVlNCiNG  PROOF 


J 
Tl 


habit  and  want^  to  find  a  sure,'  »  - 
quick  way  of  quitting  "for  keeps"  you  ^I  Newell  Pharmacal  Co.,  Dept.  535  St.  Lonii,  Mo. 
owe  it  to  yourself  and  your  family  to  mail  ^  »  please  send,  without  obligating  me  in  any  way, 
the  coupon  below  or  send  your  name  and  //  you ^  f  j-ge  booklet  regarding  the  tobacco  habit 
address  on  a  postal  and  receive  our  free     'f  „    ^  .   _       _  .  _    . 

booklet  on  the  deadly  effect  of  tobacco    /f 
on  the  human  system,  and  positive    /f 
proof    that    Tobacco    Redeemer 
will  quickly  free  you  from   the 

*^^'*-  ^'street  and  No. 


i 
I 

■    Dept.  535. 


and  proof  that  Tobacco  Redeemer  willpositively 
free  me  from  the  tobacco  habit. 


Name.. 


NEWELL  PHARMACAL  CO.,   . - 

Dept.  535.  St.  Louis,  Mo.  // 


Town _ State.. 


--JI 


943 


American 

Royal 

Anthony 

EUwood 

National 

American 


—steel— 

Fence  Posts 


STANDARD  OF  THE  WORLD 

Used  everywhere  on  the  globe; 
time-tried  and  proven  for 
durability    and    strength. 


Send 
for 

Jllmtraied 
Catalogue 


Dealers  everywhere. 


Making  the  Farm  Pay 

How  to  BulM  a   Fence 

Grassot  and  Other  Forage  Crop* 

Farmyard    Manures 

llllnoii  System  of  Fertility 

Kafir  Booklet 

Hog  DIteases  Booklet 

Live  Stock  Breeding 


Write  for  our  Literature  of  the  Farm — sent  free. 


Testing    Kafir    Poster 

Where  to  Plant   Kafir  Poster 

Si^ed   Oats   Poster 

Copper  Plated    Potatoes  Poster 

Potato  Scab   Poster 

Cost  of  Producing  Milk 

Wood:    Its  Adaptation  to  Musio 

Uses 
Drying  Vegetables 


Recipes — Corn,    Kafir.    Potatoes 

Potato  Type  Poster 

60%  on  Your  Money  Poster 

Bunt  Poster 

Hints  on  Growing  Potatoes 

Farm   Weeds— Their   Nature  and 

Destruction 
Making  Steel  and  Wire. 


American  Steel  &  Wire  Company 


CHICAGO 


NEW  YORK 


CLEVELAND 


PITTSBURGH 


DENVER 


Export  Pepresentatlve:      ....       U.  S.  Steel   Products  Co.,   New  York 

Pacific  Coast   Representative:       ....  U.  S.   Steel    Products  Company 

San   Francisco                  Los  Angeles  Portland                  Seattle 

944 


This  book  is  a  presentation  facsimile. 

It  is  made  in  compliance  with  copyright  law 

and  produced  on  acid-free  archival 

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which  meets  the  requirements  of 

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